«:10? fift;-,~;,;,.;.3 .r





.v '7' not}?





 





~49' ' v





. t





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





‘of the exacting consumers,





. oxen,





, teatio’ir was his; 8293 ”

stress underage; given \





The On_ly..Weel_(ly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





 





VOL. CXL. No. 3. :

Whole Number 3626.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY JAN., 18, 1913.





§50 CENTS A YEAR.

32 FOR 5 YEARS.





 





 





T he Evolution of EconOmiC Beef. Production.





'LTHOUGH cattle were used for

A beasts of burden. and for the milk

and meat that could be obtained



from them at an early period, the matter

of producing meat at a. low rate of cost

does not seem to have met with much

consideration until within the last cen—

tury. In our own country the matter of

producing beef economically did not at—

tract much attention until within the last

score of years, and the adherents of the

old System of maturing cattle before fat-

tening them, have seen fit to dub the

modern method of producing beef from

young cattle, as making “baby beef.”

\Vhen first begun it was quite common

to hear the matter spoken of in a de-

risive manner, and many erroneous and

exaggerated statements have been made,

written and published, to prejudice the

consumers against it. Notwithstanding

the many prejudices created, the custom

has grown until the fashionable meat.

produced to gratify the fastidious tastes

comes from

It is the rich, juicy beef

from young cattle, the savory flesh of

the well fattened lambs, the sweet pig

pork, and the milk-fed broiler chickens,

that are called for and sell for high prices.



Improvements were Necessary.



It is generally conceded that our do-

mestic cattle are lineal descendants of

the native cattle of Europe and Asia.

Just What those native cattle were and

how they looked, can only be conjec-

tured by examining 'the fossilized remains

and the bones found in the swampy

lands of those countries. Pro-f. Winchell,

the paleontologist, tells us that during

man’s first advent in Europe, he had as

companions the cave bear, the cave hy-

ena and the cave lion. He farther states

that these “gradually gave place to gi-

gantic Herbivores. Three kinds of wild

two of which were of colossal

strength, and one of these was maned

and villous (fine haired, shaggy), like the

Bonnassus (Bison).”



It is very evident that cattle in the

early days were greatly modified and re—

duced in size by domestication. Even

the Romans, with all their knowledge of

the arts and sciences that assisted them

in their agricultural pursuits, did not es-

tablish any fixed type or breed.



In 1710, in the Smivthfield, England.

market, the average





young animals.





to roots, fed in connection with the for-

age feeds.

Charles Colling fed a four-year-old "steer

to 1,890 pounds on hay and turnips alone.



Improvements have continued for a cen—

tury under the careful hands of intelligent

and skillfhl breeders. The size of bone, in

proportion to the amount of meat carried,

has been reduced. The legs have been

shontened. The whole animal has been

made more symmetrical and the per-

centage of choice cuts of meat has been

increased. Instead of feeding the ani-

mals along slowly in early life, making

a thin rim of flesh, and then overlay it

with fat to fit it for market, as was the





A case is recorded that Mr.‘





ancient custom, we have learned to de—

velop the animal while young and inter-

mingle the fat and lean. By utilizing

the characteristics of appetite and capa-

bilities of rapid development that have

been fixcd by a century of breeding 'with

that. purpose in view, we are able to ac-

complish as much in making growth and

weight, in 12 to 15 months as did the

breeders of the last of the eighteenth cen-

tury in four or five years. And what is

more, the meat from our young well de-

veloped animals is more palatable and

nutritious than the leathery cuts from

the slowly developed animals.



It would not be practical to recommend





 





 





 





 





 





Red Jacket,





This steer was bred and fed by John Lessiter’s Sons, of Oakland county.





Pure-bred Shorthorn Steer Sold in Detroit Yards at $12 per cwt.





He





was calved June 3, 1910; sired by Red Sultan 269243 and out of American Beauty





4th.





He was kept growing from a calf and was finished on roots, silage, snapped





corn, oats and barley ground together with cottonseed meal added, and clover hay





He weighed 1680 lbs.

Bishop,





for roughage.

Lchiters by

per hundred,





This steer dressed 60 per cent of live weight.





in the Detroit yards and

Bullen & Holmes to the Michigan

the highest price ever paid on the Detroit market for beef on foot.





was sold for the

Beef Company for $12





The carcass was bought by Adolph





Marx and hung in his Broadway market for a Christmas beef display.





every farmer who may desire to make

beef cheaply, to invest in some one of the

several beef breeds as the cheapest and

best cattle with which to operate. In the

first place, there would not be pure-bred

animals enough to supply all who might

seek to secure them. In the second place,

every farmer is not situated so that he

can, nor is he so constituted and edu-

cated that he can maintain the animals

to a high standard of excellence and suc-

cessfully handle them. It is practical,

however, for every community where it

may be desired to raise beef cattle, to

secure and keep a pure-bred sire, of some

one of the beef breeds, from which to

raise calves that can be fed to popular

market weights in a period of time not

exceeding eighteen months, and make a.

liberal proiit on nearly, if not all of

them.



In using a pure-bred sire one

keep in mind some important facts: “The

sire will impart to the offspring the ex-.

ternal conformation. the frame—work so

to speak, the appetite which will enable

them to consume a good deal of feed,

and the capabilities of growing rapidly

while young. The dams should be: .as we

express it, “large and. roomy,” with large

vital organs to enable them to impart

constitutional vigor and staying qualities

throughout the entire period of feeding.



In feeding calves to secure rapid growth

and good weights in a short period of





should





time, it may be Well to keep in mind

some potential facts in regard to the

matter: A calf well started soon after

birth will have an advantage over the





one that has been scrimpcd early in life.

A constant growth is necessary, both for

profit and quality of meat. Lean meat,

such as the market demands. is made

during the growing period, and can be

made cheaper during the first year, than

is possible to produce it later in life.

Young animals make fat readily and in—

termingle it with the lean, making the

sweet savored, juicy meat that satisfies

the taste of the cultured appetites of the

discriminating epicures who demand the

best that can be produced.

Silage for Beef Cattle.



By no other method yet discovered can

feed be stored so easily, be furnished in

so cheap a form and be readily available

at all' times of the year as in the silo.



in several ways silage





 





weight of beef cattle

was 370 pounds each.

Toward the middle of

the cightccnth century

:1 revival of interest in

live stock was led by

Bully, the line“ leading

authority on live stock

in England. After 1745

'hikewell began his ca—

reer as an improver of

live stock, the Collings

and a host of others

enlisted in the work, and

much was accomplished

as can be shown by the . ,

records at the Smith- ,

field market. A fact is

worthy of mention, that

while the average

.weight of cattle had

been increased about 40

per cent at 1795, the

period of time required

to reach the market

weights had been short-

ened from" five to four

yearS-i ', _ .



Another point; to

which. I wish to "cause





 





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





conomlc Beef Production. ,Sllos on the E. M.Starkweather Farm, Wayne Co.





has advantages over

raising roots, which are I

highly prized by our

English cousins; and the

good results are as ap-

parent and profitable.

IL is succulent, a neces-

sary characteristic; is

palatable, easily digest-

ed and assimilated. It

. ‘, helps to make summer





conditions, as far as

desirable and reliable

feed is concerned, at





all times of the year.

A man who wishes to

make beef quickly and

cheaply will make no

mistake if he builds

two silos, one for win-

ter use, and another to

supplement the unreli-

able pasturg. “He ,can

keep the flesh growing

on his anim‘a'ls‘assuren

ly as the dairygifin can

keep 11.9.3 constant'fl'o’w

oi" mill? from his dairy

cows,:" if he will 'be as

persistent [in “feeding

and caring for them.

‘ Wayne. Co. N. A. C.
_.____T_





John Deere preader

The Spreader with the

Beater on the Axle





 





Take any manure spreader youhave

ever seen, remove all the clutches and

chains, all the countershafts and stub

axles, do away with all adjustments

and mount the beater on the rear axle.



Rebuild the Spreader so that the

top of the box is only as high as your

hips. Make it stronger. Remove

some two hundred trouble-givmg

parts and throw them away. You

will have some sort of an idea of what

, the John Deere Spreader, the Spreader

with the Beater on the Axle, is like.





The Beater on the Axle

The beater

and all its driv-

\-. ing parts are

7"“. mounted on the

rear axle. This

construction is

patented. You

cannot get it





 





The Beater on the Axle





on any other spreader made.



Power to drive the beater is taken

from the rear axle through a planet-

ary transmission (like that on auto-





mobiles). It is positive, runs in oil,

and does not get out of order.





Few Working Parts





The John Deere Spreader is so sim-

ple that there are no adjustments. It

has some two hundred

less parts than the

simplest spreader

heretofore made.



There are no clutch-

es to throw it into

gear. . The lever at

the driver’s right is

moved back until the





 





Out of Gear

finger, or dog, engages a large stop at





the rear of the machine. All the





chains and adjustments have been

done away wrth.





Only





“Hip-High”



B e c a u s e

‘ the beater is

Ffilggguaslm; ‘ mounted on





 

   

 





   

   





:Vij' fir—$3?"- 73;; the rearaxle,

"39 if???“ it is only

‘45; :;*.;\\ig,i “hip-high"



'3 " ~. to the top of



" l t h e b o x .

Eachforkful





_ Easy t° If“? of manure is

put Just where it is needed. You can

always see into the spreader.



Roller bearings, few working parts,

the center of the load comparatively

near the horses, and the weight dis-

tributed over four wheels, make the

John Deere Spreader light draft.



Spreader Book Free—Tells about manure,

when and how to use it, how to store it, and a

description of the John Deere Spreader. Ask for

this book as Package No. Y. 5,





John Deere Plow Co.





Moline,





 





For Ma

All





drill, or

my implement with pole.





’Bold by dealer:

ii your dealer

a’ock don't accept stud

rite us for tree ca

limp!!! Ive. co.

mil-ll so. m





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





3 deep plowing





 





 





 





THE MICHIG





of the ground to receive the seed

as much as they do upon the na-

ture of the soil. Soils that are naturally

poor frequently yield larger crops than

superior soils if they are given better

tillage. All soils may be greatly improved

by tillage. It is claimed by many agri-

cultural leaders that the annual yield of

farm products in this country could be

more than doubled in ten years by a

more intensive system of culture.

Essential Factors In Tillage.

Plowing is the foundation of tillage. As

a rule. we are plowing too shallow to

obtain the best results, but the deepening

of the soil should be gradual, for turning

up too large quantities of sub-soil and

turning the organic matter under so deep

that the air, heat and water cannot act

favorably upon it has ruined the pro-





CROPS depend upon the preparation





' ductivity of much soil for .years.





Farm crops are greatly benefited by

deep seed beds. On a well drained field

is beneficial during both

wet and dry seasons. In wet seasons the

water is carried down below the root

zone and the crop is not injured. On

wet soils shallow plowing is preferable;

it keeps the water near the surface where

it will run off or be evaporated. Deep

soil has greater crop producing capacity

than shallow soil, even if both are alike

in chemical composition. A soil nine

inches. deep will hold twice as much wat-

ch as soil only six inches deep. Deep soil

furnishes ideal conditions for plant roots

tolgo down after food and moisture.



In selecting plows, barrows and culti-

vators we should study their construc-

tion. In the process of tillage or manip-

ulation of the soil it is available plant

food that We are after. V’Ve want imple-

meuis that in every process of tillage

will get at the plant food that is still in

the soil and make it available for the

growing crops. There is no reasonable

excuse for a man to spend money for

commercial plant food until he has made

use of that which is abundantly under

his feet. The chief object of tillage is

the further liberation of the plant food

which still exists very abundantly in our

land.



Surface Tillage Conserves Moisture.



After we have thoroughly manipulated

our soil and put it in the finest possible

condition for the reception of tne seed

and various fertilizing elements the next

important object of tillage is the conser-

vation of soil moisture. Tillage is one of

the most successful means of combating

the injurious effects of dry weather and

I want to emphasize this point in par-

ticular because it is possible for us to

reduce in most instances from 25 to 50

per cent of the losses which usually come

from periods of drouth. But we must

have a knowledge of the principles which

underlie the loss of moisture, and how to

control these conditions so as to mini-

mize the losses.



How does moisture leave the soil?

There is always an upward mOVement of

water in the soil. The more severe the

drouth and the higher the temperature

the more rapid becomes this upward

movement, and consequently large





 





 





 





   

 

 





Make FarmWork Easy

nd Horses.





 





 





’ lure daft—saw m.



Don't rutuuda or was Band today for free

Him-ted able: of wheels and wagons.



MM“, ' 35-!!! St» “a”...





 





 





amounts of moisture are lost and our

crops are injured unless we understand

how 'to prevent this loss of moisture.

\‘i‘ater in the soil rises by the principle

termed capillary attraction. It is rather

difficult to explain, but it is a fact, how-

ever, that there are passages all through

the soil through which the water is con-

stantly seeking the surface. Now one of

the great objects of the tillage in dry

seasons is to hold back, or keep down

this moisture; at least to so control it

that it shall pass through the plant that

is upon the soil rather than pass out and

be lost without going out through the

plant. The roots of plants penetrate the

soil to certain depths and take up the





‘moisture that is constantly pressing up-





ward towards them. Fine filth. fine cul-

ture at the surface, will so seal over the

openings of these capillaries that it will

be possible in a dry season to carry a

cultivated crop through very successfully.

The drier the season the more frequent

should be the cultivation. The cultivator

should be run over the surface until it

becomes as.flne as it is possible to make

It. We should cultivate the surface fre-





auemly because we can make such a, fine

- madman of the soil that we can put it

in the farm of a mulch and the moisture

as it presses to the upper layers of the





l





imuleh.





surface soil, will be held minimal this





. , \-



Adding Vegetable Matter KW '

' Fél'tlllty.



Now another thing that will aid largely





A N 'F A RME R





:4-Maintaining Farm Fertility—{111.





in this whole matter, both in obtaining a.

larger amount of plant food, and also In

helping to control the moisture, is the

incorporation of vegetable matter in the

soil. Vl'e are now confronted ‘by the same

problem as all ~older agricultural countries

have faced, that of growing profitable

crops on soils, from which the readily

available fertility has been removed by

improper systems of farming. Soil prob-

lems are always local, and yet the gen-

eral features are the same everywhere.

We shall, of course, have to work out

our own problems, but we shall make a

mistake if we do not'_take advantage of

the experience gained during years of'

effort and strife in countries some of

which were rich in the beginning but

more of them made so by the hand of

the farmer. As a rule, in such countries

the greater amount of artificial fertilizers

used the greater the insistence on a

proper base of humus to work with. The

chemical plant foods have two functions:

Often it is to stimulate a crop to make

a rapid growth and establish large plants

that can do more business later in the

season; again it is to supply a component

part in the soil that is. either lacking or

deficient. Properly used chemical plant

foods give very quick and profitable re-

turns; used on land deficient in humus

they help to exhaust the small quality

that is already present. On poor lands

chemical plant foods should serve as an

aid in establishing ciovers and grasses to

form the basis of future operations.

Farms Must ’be Made More Self Sus-

taining. ,

Getting and returning a basic supply

of humus-forming material, or in other

words, a soil to work with is a question

of vital interest to every farmer. Years

ago farmers could usually find supplies

from outside, either from villages or cit-

ies or by buying feed from other farmers

and feeding it to live stock on their own

premises. Today the majority of farms

must be more self-sustaining and it is in

the main the way future farming muso

be conducted. Sometimes a great deal

may be taken from land, more than is

actually in it in the first place, or re-

turned in the shape of manure, but it takes

time and. crop rotation to bring about

such processes. If farm manure be de-

pended upon entirely no great advance

is possible, except by such heavy appli-

cations as are seldom at the command

of the farmer. Vi'hen we discuss intense

farming it is usually in connection with

small farms where necessity compels the

owner to make the land produce a max-

imum or go out of business. Is it not

possible for the man who has a big farm

which will store fertility for him while





it returns a profit, to conduct an extent





sive intensive system of farming and by

the use of a reasonable amount of chem‘

ical plant foods and the concentration of

his cultivathn and application of ma-

nure receive better returns fer his labor

than he does at ‘present? In this con-

nection he must follow a better rotation

of crops and devote more attention to

growing grass and clover to form a sub-

stantial base of humus for the suCCessful

use of his fertilizing materials. A heavy

sod shOuld last well through the rota-

tion of cultivated crops, if they are to

be made successful. The grass and clo-

ver crops not only furnish excellent food

for live stock, but they may be consid-

ered from the point of preparation for a.

money crop such as corn, potatoes and

wheat. By the use of limited quantities

of chemical plant foods the grasses would

be encouraged to endure and the Whole

make-up of the grass and clover fields

after the harvesting and pasturing pe‘

riod would be a better, thicker, richer

sod of far greater Value than it would

have been if no chemicals had been used.

Perhaps some of our readers will giVe

their experience on this matter of using

fertilizers to encourage the growth of a

heavy sod to last Well through the rank

tion of cultivated crops. .

New York. W. nix/row KELLY.





 





MORE ABOUT THE HUNTING

NUISANCB.

Supplementing the article of Mr. John

Jackson, of Ottawa county, in a recent

issue, regarding trespassing of hunters

on fame, can safely say that during the

last few years our $800 worth of per-

sonal property has been lost. by farmers

of Mm county by deepening 1mm:

ers. horses, cattle and poultry being shot

besides damages to fencing, etc. I by

lieve it would be policy to petition ."the

legislature to enact a law 'wtth more so-





 





. JAN. 18. 1913.





yer-e penalty, including both fine and im-

prisonment, discretionary with the court,

for trespassing by hunting or otherwise

on farm lands in Michigan. -

, Mecosta Co. A. .McLAUGHLIN.





 





FARM’NOTEa





.___....





Building Up a Depleted Soil.



I have 40 acres of sandy land with clay

subsoil which lays rolling but not hilly

which was pretty well run out when I

got it. I had five acres of this in corn

last year and sowed it- to rye to plow





under. I don’t want to take a crop of!

this land until I can build it up in

first-rate shape and I would like some





advice as to what to plow under for

that purpose. Now please give me- some

advice as 'to the rotation of crops to im-

prove this five acres first as a trial and

I will let you know how I succeed. I

farmed it for two years, the first year

getting four bushels of red kidney beans

per acre and laSt year I grew 25 bushels

of ear corn per acre. I want to plant

this ground to peaches in a year or two.

and raise some corn and other crops

while the trees are growing, and I want

to show my neighbors that this land can

be placed in a fertile condition with your





help.

Muskegon Co. . R. F.

It is difficult to giVe speCific advice





which is best suited to the local condi-

tions without knowing more about them.

The main thing, however, in improving

land of this nature, if naturally well

drained as ‘one would presume it to be

from this inquiry, is to improvo its me-

chanical condition by adding vegetable

matter to it and at the same time im-

prove its content of available plant food.

This can be done in a number of ways

requiring varying amounts of time and

expenditure of money. ’



If one could grow l'eguminous crops to

plow down the desired result would be

more quickly accomplished. On soils that

do not readily grow clover. sand vetch

has been found to be a valuable soil im-

prover but has some disadvantages, the

most serious one of which is that the

seed is rather- expensive. If one desired

to use this crop the best plan would be-

to plow down the rye when it reaches a

maximum growth in the spring and keep

the soil worked to form a good seed bed.

then sow rye and sand vetch about the

middle of August. If this is done it

would be a good plan to get some pure

culture from the Bacteriological Depart-

ment of the Agricultural College at East

Lansing, and inoculate the seed to insure'

the presence of the proper bacteria in the

soil. It might also pay to use a light

dressing of commercial fertilizer to en-

courage a good growth of rye and Vetch.'

This could be plowed down the following.

spring in time for a late cultivated crop

such as potatoes, and with a liberal ap-.

pllcatlon of commercal fertlizer should

enable the growing of a fairly good crop'

of potatoes. Then the land could be

seeded in clover the following spring,’

either with a light seeding '01’ cats of

barley, or Without a nurse crop with fair

prospects of getting a good stand.



It is Quite possible, hOWever, that this

soil is acid as a good many Michigan

soils of this character are. In that caSe

the applicaton of lime, either one ton or

more of ground limestone per acre or

half the amount of caustic lime would

produce an alkaline reaction favorable to

the deVelOpment of the bacteria neces-

sary to the success of the clover plant.





There are- many other plans which

might be equally good or better than the

one given. For instance, the rye could.

be'plowed down «in the spring, lime ap-

plied if needed and clover sown on a

good seed bed in midsummer with a fair

prospect of getting a stand, or buckwheat

could be sown when the rye is plowed

down and this turned dOWn in the late

fall or early spring for some other crop.

It should be borne in mind that the soon- _

01' this land can be gotten into condition

tio grow clover the more rapid will be its

improvement, as the CloVer will not only

add Vegetable matter to the soil but will

find the mineral element of fertility deep-

er down in the soil and will at the same

time store up nitrogen for the use of

future crops through the bacteria which

form nodules 0n the roots. It will prob.-

ably be advantageous also to use some

fertilizer on this land when it is gotten

into 3006 mechanical conditiOn, unless

stable manure is avaiable.



The particular method of aCcom'plishlng ‘

these results is not material so long as

the some is suited to this‘acaomlplish-

merit, for which reason it is difficult, as





above stated, to lay down any hard and





fast rule to follow for this task of im-

proving a depleted soil. The problem is

really an individual one in each case and

the farmer who becomes interested in it

and does not lose sight of the underlying

principles above enumerated is certain

to reap ultimate succelisr ' ‘
.ww

h r1





f”:





 





JAN. 18, 1913.





SOY BEANS IN' OHIO.



Soy beans in this section are a rather

new legume, scarcely any bemg groWn

here until this year. However, we have

been planting them at different times for

ten years. We grew them heretofore for

hay, but last year we planted a. quantity

of them between the corn hills with the

intention of putting them along with

the corn in the silo. We hoped to cut

'the corn and beans together and thereby

have ensilage rather rich in protein, a

very necessary food constituent, but oth~

er corn had to be put into the silo to

get the ground ready for wheat.





This year we planted all of our corn





intended for the silo with the wheat





drill. This was done that more corn

would be gotten on the same ground. A

few beans were planted in with the corn.

The plan worked- admirably.





A field of about five acres was planted

to Mikado soy beans. About six feet of

a 31 foot si'lo was» filled in with corn ex-

clusively. The second morning of filling,

teams and men were sent to the bean

field to load the beans that were previ-

ously cut and raked. There were about

seven loads of beans. These were loaded

and hauled into the barn and thrown on

a pile near the ensilage cutter. As the

corn was being fed into the cutter a man

on the bean pile would throw in an oc-

casional fork full of soy beans; in this

manner the beans were distributed even-

ly through the silo for about 20 feet. The

silo cutter cut the corn not over one-

fourth of an inch ‘long and the beans

were also cut quite fine.





We fee-d ennsilage to the cattle as soon

as the silo is filled and in this way the

ensilage will be fed dOWn to the soy





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER 3—59





much nitrogen and some humus to the

soil. They are. not only valuable for a

stock feed but a soil stimulant as well.

The value of this leguminous plant is

hard to estimate. There are many va-

rieties of soy beans and some of them

grow in any latitude.



We are greatly impressed with this

plant and have been trying each year to

grow more of them and are encouraging

our friends to do the same thing. iVe

believe those who are short of hay or

feed could to advantage grow a. patch of

this sp‘lendid plant. At least try a few

and learn from actual experience of their

worth.



Ohio. I. G. SHELLABQRGE'R.





SOY BEANS IN MICHIGAN.





I was interested in the inquiry of W-

Y. D., of Oakland county, about the soy

bean; Not wanting to depend altogether

on my alfalfa for hay, as last season was

the first cutting, I procured the United

States Department of Agriculture’s bulle-

tin No. 372 on the soy bean and decided

to try this, to me, new legume.





My soil was a good sandy loam, plow-

ed about the 15th of May. I then drilled

in about 200 lbs. of fertilizer to the: acre

on the lighter spots and sowed them 28

inches apart about the 5th of. June. The

seed was not a good quality as the seed

firm had sold out and I had to take. the

sweepings from the floor after they had

threshcd the several different varieties.

I could count five different kinds of seed.

I inoculated the seed with culture from

the United States Department of Agri-

culture and drilled them on a warm

cloudy day



The beans came up slowly and made a





 





 





 





Soy Beans at the Proper Stage





beans in the coldest weather, when it is

needed most for the cattle and sheep. By

putting soy beans in the silo, ensilage

with much protein is secured which is

not the case when all corn is used and

it is hoped less high-priced protein feeds

will need be purchased this year than

was the case in former years.



Soy beans are not at all difficult to

grow. The photo shows a field of about

two acres when in about the right stage

to cut for hay. It will be noticed that

they have a large amount of foliage. This

particular variety grows very upright and

are easily cultivated with the riding cul-

tivator.



The ground for soy beans is prepared

the: same as for corn and we plant them

with the wheat drill, about 26 inches

apart. Twenty—eight Or 30 inches would

be better. This would make them easier

to cultivate. The beans are mowed with

the two-horse mower and raked with the

side delivery hay rake and loaded by

hand. We have used the hay loader but

don’t believe it is practical.



When making hay of the beans they

should be out just as'lhe seed pods begin

to start. Cut the beans and allow them

to cure in the field. In short, take care





_ of them the same as the hay grasses. If





the beans are wanted for seed cut them

just before the pods burst open, Allow

them to cure in the field and then haul

to the barn. If they are piled too thick

before they are thoroughly dry they will

mold and thereby spoil the seed germ.



Practically all llive stock eat soy beans

and we have never had any trouble by

feeding them in our limited operations.

We feed them exclusively to cattle and

sheep and a. very few to swine.



Soy beans, are a. legume that will add





of Grewth to be Cut for Hay‘.





slow growth as the weather was too

cold. They were cultivated shallow only

once. and should have received more as

the weeds got a good start during the

cool germinating period. “’hen the

weather warmed up the soys made a

good growth and showed a good dark

green foliage. but a cool spell seemed to

make them look paler, showing that they

want good hot weather.



In the southwest they claim the soys

could be successfully raised but for the

rabbits, and I guess they like them, for

there were about a dozen running around

when I finished mowing.



\Vhile piling the soys to cure for hay, I

happened to think about the inoculation

and was surprised to find the nodules on

the ‘roots as large as hazel nuts, some

roots having as many as six or seven,

and again some had none. Probably 85

per cent showed good inoculation.



Although the hay was not gotten up in

the best of condition the Shropshires

certainly like it and it is relished by the

cows. Experiments seem to shew that

the hay is even richer in protein than

alfalfa. Next season I will] try and sow

a special hay variety on the same ground,

as the common varieties, the small black

and yellow, make a growth of two to

three feet, while the larger varieties will

make a four to five—foot growth.





Although the cold in first part and the

great amount of rain while curing them

was quite a detriment, I am well pleased

with my first experience with the soy

bean. While I don’t think the soy bean

will ever take the place of our alfalfa or

clover, in times of shortage they will be-

come a factor in the varied production

of good old Michigan.





Lapeer Co. M. M. GIBSON.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





7 O Bushels Oats

Per Acre





ITH A. A. C. Co.

Fertilizer on oats I had

a yield of 70 bushels per

acre of oats 40 pounds to the

bushel, struck measure, on

land I called very much run

down.



There were 12 acres in

the field. It was in beans

last year and the ground was

fall-plowed late for oats, and

was well fitted in the spring with a spring tooth harrow

and the oats drilled in 21/; bushels to the acre.



I commenced on one side of the field by drilling

100 pounds of Fertilizer to the acre. I increased the

Fertilizer at intervals at the rate of 50 pounds each

time until I got up to 400 pounds per acre, leaving a

drill row unfertilized at each increase. The parts

that weie fertilized with 100 pounds and 150 pounds

each per ac1e were not as good as that which was

fertilized with 200 pounds and over. The unfertilized

strips were sorrowful looking sights by the side of

the rest and attracted a great deal of attention.

These strips were examined by good judges who laid

their yield at from 30 to 40 bushels per acre—the yield

of the whole field had no Fertilizer been used. That

being the case, from 30 to 35 bushels per acre were

added by using the Fertilizer.



We pulled up equal distances of rows that grew

only seven inches apart, side by side, and took the

dirt from the roots and weighed them and found that

the fertilized row weighed over two and a half times

as much as the unfertilized row. The fertilized oats

stood afoot higher than the others and were much



. stiffer and larger, with over three times as much root

as the other.



It pays well to use Fertilizer. It will add 20

to 40 bushels per acre, besides giving you double the

straw and ripening your crops from a week to ten days

earlier.” (Name given on application.)





A. A. C. Co. Fertilizers





are rightly made and supply to growing crops in available

form all the plant food elements required.





Write us and we will tell you how to fertilize properly

and economically—we want agents for unoccupied territory.





The American Agricultural Chemical (20.,

D Detroit Sales Department, Detroit, Mich.





 

   





 

     

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 





 





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JAN. 18, 1913.





 





 





 





A Rest for Your TVife





Have you thought what a few hours pleasure a day





would mean to your wife? How she would enjoy it—

how much good it would do her? She can have it when

you replace hired hands with'a





as v





Tractor





1 5-30 h. p.





This tractor will cut down your work and build up your

profits. It will make all your work easier and do it better.

It will do your work when it should be done.



A GasPuII Tractor will cut out a lot of hired hands—your

wife will have fewer beds to make—fewer dishes and clothes





to wash. Think it over—see if a GasPuII wouldn't help both





you and your wife.





 





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We have a Data-book, No. 352—it's full of valuable hints

about farming and the GasPull. A card will bring it to you.





RUMELY PRODUCTS CO.





(Incorporated)

Power-Farming Machinery

467 J





Battle Creek. Head Office: Lal’orte, Ind.





 





BACTERIA—THE FRIENDS OF THE

FARMER.





 





In times past we farmers have always

associated bacteria with danger and dis-

ease. We have been taught by the scien-

tist and others that the bacteria are very

antagonistic to us. Now, it is well that

we should come to a full understanding

of the true nature of bacterial action and

thus better understand their true rela-





. tion toward us.





In the main, they are our friends and

not our enemies, as we have been accus-

tomed to believe. It is quite true that

most of the infectious diseases are caus-

ed by bacteria but when the truth is

known, we find that disease producing

germs are comparatively few beside the

great swarms of micro-organisms with

which the air is filled. We should realize

that nearly everything we eat or wear

has been nourished at some time in, its

career by some micro-organism. These

micro-organisms at present are consid-

ered to be plants although some of them

so closely resemble animals in their hab—

its and relations toward each other that

it is difficult for us to determine in what

great class they fall.





Bacteria and Soil Fertility.



We are wont to ponder on the great

ability of the soil to produce crops, year

after year, seemingly without fertilizers

or other aids, but we do not recognize

the fact that without our friends, the

bacteria, the soil would be unable to pro—

duce crops for any length of time. We





 





 





   





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YOU can use a Rayo Lantern in the

* stable or anywhere with absolute

confidence. It won’t smoke, or smell,

or leak, or blow out.





It gives a clear, bright light; It is strong and

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At Dealers Everywhere





STANDARD OIL COMPANY





(An Indiana Corporation.)





 





 





 





 





 





 





Ya: Sir—5 to 10 $5 bills—your saving on a genuine Galloway

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“A Strut of Gold”





Thegratest pieceoflitera-





 





 

 





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When writing to advertisers please mention the Michigan Farmer.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





should know that before organic matter,

as manure, dead leaves, straw, animal

remains, etc., can be used by the plant

they must be acted upon by no less than

three or four different kinds of micro-

organisms and seeing this to be the case,

our fear of bacteria is somewhat lessened.



It is true that decay will not take place

withOut the presence of living germs. All

hOusewives recognize this fact when they

can fruit for they are particular 'to ex-

clude air as much as possible from the

fruit to be preserved and if there is any

air remaining, it has been heated to such

a temperature that the decay-producing

bacteria are killed.



There is only a slight difference be-

tween the'theory of this process and that

of the decay of organic matter. We wish

the manure to decay Just as quickly as

possible after it is put on the land. A

certain kind of organism attacks the or-

ganic matter or manure and breaks it'up,

liberating ammonia in the process of get-

ting its food. we never smell ammonia

in the stable if it is kept well cleaned

and there is no smell of ammOnia about

fresh manure.



Then after this bacterium has complet-

ed its work another nitrifying bacteria

attacks a part of the matter which has

been broken downby the ammonia bac—

teria and in its efforts to get foOd it

liberates the nitrites; then in turn an-

other entirely different germ attacks the

nitrite material and_ breaks it up in the

form of nitrates which the plant can use.





Nitrifying Bacteria.



The plant can only use food that can

be gotten into solution and nitrogen only

in the form of nitrates or nitric nitrogen.

It is the first element to be used up by

the plant and the one with which the

good farmer tries to keep the soil well

supplied. So we See, the intimacy be-

tween these minute plants and those

plants upon which the farmer depends,

for without the soil, crops would cease

to grow. Without crops we farmers would

haVe to go out of business and the cessa-

tion of human activities would be sud-

den.



Of course, we are all familiar with the

bacteria which grow on the roots of the

leguminous plants but the word bacteria

has been so commonly shunned by the

farmer and people in general, that we

have been accustomed to apply the name

“germ” to this particular organism.



The relations between the alfalfa or

clover plant and the colonies of bacteria.

which live 0n the n0duies of the roots of

the legume is a very intimate one. In

fact, either one would miss the other

very much. They mutually help each

other to get food. They have entered into

an agreement whereby the clover plant

furnishes the bacteriawith carbohydrates

and in turn, the organism secures free

nitrogen from the air and changes it

into a form of food which is available to

the plant.



Get the Bacteria to Work for You.



The fermentation of cider into vine-gar

is a common phenomenon. Some of us

have put the elder barrel down cellar in

the dark and left it corked up tightly

and then wondered why the elder did not

ferment. The truth of the matter is,





 





 





 





the barrel being corked up, no bacteria





came in contact with the elder, that is.

not in sufficient numbers to start action.



There is no farmer’s wife but who is

proud of the fact, if she can make the

first quality butter, but does she ever

reckon with the minute plant who co-

operated with her-in the making of the

prize butter? “'hen the truth is known,

the housewife has only proven her skill

to make these bacteria work for her and

when they cease to work for her she

kills them or stops their action. In other

words, she is skillful in knowing when

to stop bacterial growth in order to get

the desired flavor for the butter. Certain

amounts of bacteria or bacterial products

giVe the varying flavors of butters and

cheeses.



Without the aid of our minute plant

friends we would be very seriously hand-





icapped in getting our sustenance from i





the soil. There are two kinds of bac-

teria which the farmer should be es-

pecially alert for. One of them is a

harmful one and the other is very useful.

One lives in the presence of air and the

other prefers to live where there is no

air. The latter breaks up the nitrogen

compounds which the careful agricultur-

ist has' placed in the soil and the free

nitrogen passes off in the air while the

other air loving germ is busy breaking

up bits of manure and straw into‘ forms

which the plant can use.



\Vhen we fail to cultivate and stir the

soil we are giving the harmful organisms

just the kind of condition in whic“ it

prefers to live, but if cultivated proper—

ly, the land will not harbor the bad germ

and the useful ones will thrive.



Ingham Co. I. J. MATTHEWS.





PASTURING ALFALFA WITH COWS.





Can alfalfa be pastured without hurting

it and about with how many cows to the





acre?



Monroe Co. J. W.



Alfalfa does not make as good pasture

for cattle and horses as for hogs, be—

cause the tramping of the heavy animals

on the alfalfa injures the crown, and. be-

cause the horses and cattle crop the

plant too close. The alfalfa ought not to

be out until the new growth starts at

the crown. It can be pastured with hogs

if too many hogs are not turned onto the

field to keep it fed dOWn closely. There

should be a large area for the number of

hogs pastured and when the alfalfa is

ready to cut for hay, out what is left and

make into hay. In this way,you can get

a good hog pasture and with little injury

to the alfalfa, but it must not be crop-

ped closely. There is only just certain

times when it can be cut close, and that

is when a new growth starts out at the

bottom or crown.



Again, cows and sheep fed on alfalfa

are quite liable to have bloat or hoven.

It is said to be much worse than red

clover, and yet it is dangerous to turn

cows into red clover when the clover is

wet. Many cases are reported, in the

west, of hoven where cows have been

turned into alfalfa fields. It will ‘be much

better to cut the alfalfa and feed it to

the cows than to turn them on the crop

for pasture. It is too valuable a plant

to be injured by the tramping of cows.

You can begin soiling the cows quite

early. If you have a good stand of al-

falfa and the season is favorable you will

probably get three good cuttings of al—

falfa hay, and with such a, plant as this

you cannot afford to run any risk of in-

juring by pasturing.



COLON C. LILLIE.





DO SUGAR BEETS INCREASE SOIL

FERTILITY.





 





 





I have before me Senate Document No.

890, entitled “Sugar at a. Glance,” pre-

pared by Truman G. Palmer, in which

the statement is made that raising sugar

beets does not exhaust or impoverish the

soil, but on the contrary. fits the soil for

better cereal crop to follow, and makes

the claim that the average yield of the

four crops, wheat, corn, oats and barley,

were increased 44.6 per cent by being

rotated after sugar beets. I would like

to know if this is the experience of Mich-





igan sugar beet raisers? Will they who-





have had experience in this line or farm-

ing please answer? Does the sugar beet,

notwithstanding its heavy draught on the

soil, of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and

potash, leave it in better condition for

succeeding crops? May I not suggest

that the increase of cereals after beets,

might be due to highly fertilizing the

land previously to sowing the beets, which

was not exhausted by the beet crop but

left it in better condition for following

crops.





Jackson 00. T. B. HALLADAY.
,.,M--\.",,’ NM“ c~





 





JAN. 18, 1913.





How THE LABOR PROBLEM wAs

SOLVED ON ONE MICHIGAN

FARM.





 





The man shown in the accompanying

portrait entered a certain state one day,

got a. job as a farm hand the next day,

and has held that same job for 39 con-

secutive years. The man who hired him

has been dead for 12 years, but this

farm hand is still working f0r his chil-

dren. The woman in the picture is the

hired man’s wife, and *they are Mr. and

Mrs. James DuBois, who live on a farm

in Hillsdale county, Michigan, the same

farm on which he started work four dec-

ades ago.



There isn’t a farm subject much more

important nowadays than that of the

farm hand. There has been a dearth of

farm help, and good help has been still

scarcer. The experience of this man

ought to interest every farmer who must

have more help than himself and his





‘ family afford.





The man who employed this hand and

kept him for such a long time was J. H.

Smith, the father of Prof. H. R. Smith,

now with the Minnesota State College,





 





 





TH‘E MICHIGAN FARMER





the man who originally hired him; he

has the grandchildren about him, and by

all he is treated like one of the family.





If you were to talk to Prof. Smith he

would tell you that some of his own

best ideas were originated by this man

who, in the capacity of a hired hand,

has worked for the same family for such

an unusual length of time. Some of his

first impressions, which always are the

lasting ones, came from his working

along with the farm employe. In all it

ought to furnish a salutary lesson in the

preservation of the right kind of rela—

tions between a farmer and his hired

man.



Illinois. J. L. GRAFF.

KILLING SPARROWS WITH POI-



SONED GRAIN.





 





Please advise the best way to kill

English sparrows with poisoned grain.

Allegan CO. IV. K.





The best way to kill sparrows with

poisoned grain without endangerng use~

ful birds, poultry, etc., is to lure them to

some favorable spot for several days in

succession by scattering a little grain 0n





 





 





 





 





Mr. and Mrs. James DuBois, Employed on the Same Farm for Forty Years.





and one of the best knOWn and most ac-

complished of our agricultural experi-

ment station workers. It was Prof. Smith

who happened to mention the service of

this long-time farm hand. 4



Mr. DuBois says that the relations of

emplOye and employer were always of the

pleasantcst, that. he was treated more

like a confidential friend than a farm

hand. He was sent to fairs to get ideas,

and he says that on many such occa-

sions he was accompanied by the young,r

man who is now a professor in the study

of agriculture, and that the two were

accustomed to pick out the» prize win-

ners ahead of the judges. He was sent

to Buffalo and New York with carloads

of cattle and in other ways was trusted

in the same confidential relations as was

the eldest son of the family.



Prof. Smith, at the :late International

show, where he gave one of the most in-

teresting lectures on the program of ed-

ucational features, mentioned the advan-

tage of furnishing farm hands good liv—

ing quarters because it is best to have

such workers live on the farm where they

work. This man DuBois got the use of

a good house and, of course, much of his

living came frOm the farm, and in ad-

dition he was paid about $250 a year in

cash.



This farm hand is nearly 70 years old,

he is now working for. the children of





the ground. They will soon become ac-

customed to this practice, and if it is

scattered at the same time each day they

will assemble in considerable numbers to

partake of it. then they have become

accustomed to tlii.s'fee(lin,r.,r ground,a. sim-

ilar amount of grain previously soaked in

strychnine and carefully dried may be

scattered. Previous experience will in-

dicate just about how much grain the

flock which collects will eat, and a little

less of the poisoned grain should be fed

to insure that it will be well cleaned up.

Ordinarily, the whole of this poisoned

grain will be eaten and most of the spar-

l‘OWS will die within a short distance of

the feeding place, and others will not get

far away. If the practice is made of dis-

tributing the grain over only a small area

any that is left can be gathered up.





Prof. Barrows, of M. A. C., who recom-

mends this method in his “Michigan Bird

Life,” states that there is no danger of

any animals. which may eat the poisoned

sparrows which may die- at a. considerable

distance from the place of poisoning, be-

coming poisoned thereby.





 





lees the Farmer’s Progressiveness.





You have taken one- more step in the

right direction. Your very progressive

paper is most worthy of the support and

co-operation of every intelligent farmer.

—Fred Farley, Gladwin, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





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1.7/22 /





 





Making Concrete Blocks

in Winter





Any kind of concrete work can be done satisfactorily

in cold weather, if proper precautions are taken. Many

farmers plan to do such jobs in winter, when they have

more time than later in the season.



If you contemplate doing any building with concrete, you can

easily make the concrete blocks now, and erect your structure

in milder weather. The blocks may be made under shelter

—without the discomfort of working in the Open—and weather

conditions need not interfere with the work.





- IVERSAL PORTLAND

gives unvarying results in Concrete construction. It is uniform in quality,





strength and color.’ Booklet containing instructions for doing concrete work

in cold weather will be sent upon request.





Write us for help in any kind of concrete work you may want to do.





Universal Portland Cement Co.





CHICAGO

72 West Adams St.





PITTSBURGH MINNEAPOLIS

Frlck Building Security Bank Building .





burgh. Annual Output 12,000,000 Barrels

‘ - . » 1. -





 





 





 





 





 





 





become errib y expensive. and you can‘t use anytliingin a

Fasoline engine BUT gasoline. In six months. the price of gaso-

l





a horse that. would eat OhLY OATS

that uses ONLY ONE FUEL?





World's Supply of Gasoline Running Sho





gasoline. Henc





will further push up the price!





gasoline—and the price remains about the same—yet. two

pints of kerosene

of gasoline. _ That’s 50 per cent more power and per

cent; less price. Kerosene isn't. dangerous—no need of in,

an insurance filer-mitt. It. won’t explode—ii: won't evapo- -- \

rate. either.





AMAZING DETROIT





 





 





You Want a KEROSENE

Not a GASOLINE Engine





Gasoline Is 3 Times Too costly





In bu ing our farm engine, remember this: gasoline has





 





 





 

 





ne has nearly doubled. St ill going up and \ip. You would not buy

' —WH , then, buy an engine





 

 

 





Automobile users are fast exhausting the world’s supply of

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Kerosene is cheap—costs but. two-fifths as much as





 





urnish the same power as three lnts





 

 

 

 





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THE MICHIGAN ‘FARM‘ER





JAN. 18, 1913.





 





 





 

 





 

 

 

 





the generative organs.





?.

\l Dairy Association Co., Lyndonville, Vt.





the best cow medicine on earth.





sickness.





Kow-Kure is a positive cure for Scouting,

cially valuable in cases of Abortion, Barrenness, Retained Afterbirth, Milk

Fever or L0“ Appetite. Here is a sample of the letters that come in every mail:





Dear 'Sirs:I have 'found that it always paid ‘to feed Kow-Kure whenever my cows

went down on the quantity of milk. I have cured several severe cases of milk fever, one

that a veterinary gave up and said would not live until mo’min‘.

Kow-Knre once in two hours all night, and in three days she was giving a pailiul of milk.

I have cured several cows that were down and could not net up.





Kow-Kure is not a stock food; it is a medicine. It does not stimulate

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hand. Use it according to directions to cure and to prevent

Sold by most feed dealers and drug-V

gists in 50c and $1.00 packages. Ask

your dealer for a copy of “The Cow

Book”-free-—or send to us.





DAIRY ASSOCIATION

COMPANY,





Lyndonville,

' Vermont





Illsums Yuun Cows





AgainsI Disease





Don’t sell your unprofitable cow to the

butcher until you have given her a chance.

Very likely she is sick—and sick cows need

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name her disease, but something is sapping her life and vigor.



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Thousands of deli hted customers testify that





 

 

 

 

 





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It l‘l‘as wonderful me-

Water; espe-





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55





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IEHIIHIIIIIlllllllllllllllHIl|||l|||l|||||lllllllll|||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllHill“IIlfllllllllllllllllllllill‘gfl





VALUE OF AND HOW TO ESTIMATE

WEIGHT OF SILAGE.





 





I have a chance to buy silo 30x12 ft.,

half full of corn ensilage. What is best

way to figure on it and how many tone

will it go to the foot? About what would

it be worth per ton?



Oakland Co. T. D.





There is no market price for corn silage

so it isd-ifiicult to say how much one

can afford to pay for it. In cow testing

associations the cows are charged $3.50

per ton for corn silage. It is usually fig-

ured that three tons of corn silage is

worth as much as one ton of timothy

hay; that is, the food nutrients in one

ton of timothy hay would amount to as

much as the food nutrients in three tons

of the average corn silage. It is prob-

ably worth the $3.50 per ton which we

charge our COWS in the cow testing asso-

ciation. At any rate, the cows pay for it

and give us a profit besides.



It is estimated that corn silage will, on

the average, weigh 40 pounds per cubic

foot, and consequently if you will find

the number of cubic feet in your silo

and multiply by 40 it will give y0u the

number of pounds of silage. Of course,

silage wont weigh quite 40 pounds to the

cubic foot in the upper part of the silo

but it will weight a little more in the

bottom part of the silo, making the av-

erage about this figure. If your silo is

12 feet in diameter a foot in depth of

ensilage in the silo would equal about

two and one-half tons, or there would be

in the neighborhood of 40 tons of silage

in the silo if it is half full, because the

lower half of the silo will be packed

closer and will contain more tons than

on the average for the whole silo. I

should think it would be safe to figure

that there would be 40 tons of silage in

the silo.



Of course, the price of $3.50 per ton

which we charge the cows in the cow

testing association is for silage that is

right close- at hand, at the feeding alley

door. Now if one had to buy silage that

was a mile away and had to haul it that

would make a difference, he couldn't af-

ford to pay as much as for silage that

was right at the feeding barn.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





GROUND RYE AND CORN-AND-COB

MEAL FOR COWS.





..._.





I w0uld like to get some information in

regard to a ration for cows. We feed

ground rye and corn meal ground, cob

and all. with some oil meal. Also feed

cornstalks and hay. Now the question is

how much oil meal should we allow for

each cow per feeding morning and even-

ing with the other grain? We also have

a limited supply of carrots.



Ottawa. Co. - H. P.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





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Springfield. Ohio





 





 





BOW“ SWEEP MILL





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fill-Booklet on“l-'ssIIs sol Ensures”

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[mills in llcllssi fuss! Inn with: smrliurs‘





 





 





 





 





I don’t like to feed ground rye in large

quantities to dairy cows, but fed in mod-

eration it is all right. Corn and cob meal

is good. and :there is nothing better than

oil meal if fed in moderate quantities.

I would suggest that you mix 100 pounds

of ground rye, 150 pounds of corn-and-

cob meal, and 100 pounds of oil meal to-

gether. Mix it thoroughly and feed this

to the cows. I would begin gradually to

feed this to the cows, gradually increas-

ing the food until I fed each cow as many

pounds of grain per day as she produced

pounds of butter-fat in a week—in the

meantime, of course, watching each cow

carefully as you gradually incr’case the

amount of feed. If you find that when

you increase the feed that the cow does

not respond with a little more milk then

I would stop feeding that cow more

grain. On the other hand, if I had a cow

that would still increase .the flow of milk

I would not stop at the limit of feed

measured by the number of pounds of

butter—fat which she produced in a week,

but would gradually increase until I found

out the cow’s limit, then drop back just]

a little bit and hold her there. This com-

bination of a, grain ration fed with corn

stalks and hay for roughage ought to

give very good results. In would be bet-

ter, of course, if you had some succulent

food to feed in connection with that and,

so far as they go, there would be noth-

ing better than the carrots. If I only

had a small quantity of these carrots I

would feed them in a. limited way, that

is, feed Only a small amount at a. time

and make them last as long as I could.

That would be better than it would be

to feed a larger mess for a short time

and then have none at all. After I got

out of carrots if I couldn’t get some oth-

er kind of roots to feed I believe I would

buy a. little dried beet pulp or some wet





beet pulp to feed in cbnnection with the

dry food ration, for I am sure that your

cows will do better. The succulency of

these foods seems to have the effect of

keeping the digestive tract in good condi-

tion and enables the animal :to consume

more of the dry feed, and not. only con-

sume more but enables them to digest

and assimilate more of it and conse-

quently makes them more profitable.



WILL SILAGE MAKE THE CATTLE



DROOL?





 





I have a new silo, built last summer.

and filled it with corn. I opened up my

8110 a week ago. There was only about

two inches of rotten silage and a little

more that was mouldy except along the

edges where it settled away from the

walls a. little after I quit tramping it.

I had covered it with six inches of wet

straw and chaff when done filling. Now

when I opened it I threw the rotlten stuff

together with what good silage would

naturally get scraped off, out in the

barnyard and the cattle and hogs nosed

around and ate some of it. Now my cat-

tle seem to drool, that is, the water seems

to run from their mouths. What would

you think the cause of it? The way I

feed is to first give cattle hay in the

morning, then milk and then give silage.

Should silage be fed first? I give stalks

at noon and hay and silage at night. The

young cattle seem to drool more than

the cows.



Tuscola Co. F. W. C;



I do not think Mr. C. need have any

great' anxiety about his cattle drooling

at the mouth. I don't think there is any-

thing in the silage that caused them to

drool. I know that sometimes different

kinds offeed seem to make all kinds of

stock drool at the mouth, or causes a.

greater secretion of saliva. For instance,

I have noticed before now when horses

were on white clover pastlure that they

would drool at the mouth some, but no

injury. so far as I ever knew, resulted

from it. When our cows and young cat-

tle, both, know that it is time to be feed-

ing silage, when they are waiting for it,

before the man can get to them, they are

hungry, of course, and anxious to get it,

and they begin to drool at the mouth.





 





 





BEST FEED TO BUY TO FEED WITH

CORN SILAGE.





 





What is the best feed to buy to feed

with silage for milch cows? The silage

contains plenty of corn.



SUBSCRIBER.



No mention is made of the roughage to

be fed in this ration, and this will make

a. difference with the kind of grain fed.

For instanceyif you have clover hay to

feed you don’t have to buy so much pro-

tein in the grain ration as you would if

you feed timothy hay and cornstalks. . Not

knowing this, one can't very accurately

cembine a ration. Supposing, however,

that the ordinary feed of mixed hay and

cornsltalks is the roughage, then you want

a ration which is pretty rich in protein.

I would suggest at present prices that

you buy wheat bran, oats. and gluten

feed. Grind the oats and mix them with

wheat bran half and half by weight.

Then mix half as much gluten feed as

you have bran and oats. Or, mix in the

proportion of 200 lbs. of. bran, 200 lbs. of

ground oats, and 100 lbs. of gluten feed.

If you prefer you can feed cottonseed

meal in preference to gluten feed. but

then I would only feed about half as

much. I would feed this cottonseed meal

separately, giving ‘each cow a definite

amount so that I would know exactly

what each cow gets.





 





WHAT TO SUBSTITUTE FOR COT-

TONSEED MEAL.





 





Have noticed the question that some

do not altogether favor the use of

cottonseed meal for dairy cows and hav-

ing had result with a few cows not ex-

actly satisfactory myself, I would like to

know how you are feeding your dairy

cows now. I lack clover hay for my





cows but have excellent silage, stalks

and straw.

Oakland Co. SUBSCRIBER.





At the present time the only grain that

I am feeding my dairy cows is ground

peas and oats. I calculated to raise quite

a quantity of peas and oats evcry year,

and we mature them, ihresh them and

grind the grain. I think there is no

grain in the world any better than peas

and oats. The peas are rich in protein

and help to balance up the ration quite

satisfactorily where we feed clover and

alfalfa. hay. I will not have enough peas

and oats to carry me through, and I in-

tend, at present prices, to feed ground

oats and gluten feed. We can make a.

splendid ration out of ground oats and

gluten feed and at. a. more economical

price at the present market prICe of

things than we can by feeding oil meal.

Otherwise oil meal is an excellent sub-

stitute for cottonseed meal.





\ L. .- .. -9
JAN. 18, 1913. “





HOW MANY COWS CAN BE KEPT ON

A 54- ACRE FARM?





 





I own 51 acres of land; over half is

muck and black loam land. I want to

‘know how many cows I would be able

to keep on it by keeping my cows in the

year round and feeding ensilage? Would

it be profitable for me to keep 25 01- 30

cows and plant the same ground in en-

silage corn every year by manuring it

about every other year ? I have one 12





x30-ft. silo. How large a one would you

advise me to build?

Macomb Co. E. C. D.

It is impossible for me, or anybody





else, to tell how many cows Mr. D. could

keep on his 51-acre farm. It is simply

a matter that is up to him for it all de-

pends upon the man in charge. I can

give him some idea of what other peo-

ple have done who practice intensive

dairying on small areas of land, and I

see no reason why he could not accom-

plish the same thing, but not knowing

him personally I can give no opinion as

to whether he could accomplish as much

as someone else or not.



Rev. Deitrick, who purchased a farm

of 15 acres near Philadelphia, gradually

worked the crop producing power of this

little 15 acres, and by the way, there was

only 13 acres of it under the plow, the

other tWO acres being used for a yard

and buildings, to such an extent that he

was enabled to keep 17 milch cows and

sufficient young stock to keep his herd

good, besides his team, upon this farm.

Not only that but he actually sold hay

from the farm, having more than neces—

sary to maintain the stock. He did not,

however, produce any grain for the stock.

He purchased that entirely. One can

readily see that by beginning on rather a.

small Scale, buying the grain, carefully

saving the manure and putting it on the

land, and increasing the number of cows

and other stock as fast as possible, thus

increasing the manure, that one will

have a suflicient amount of manure in a.

short time by this system of farming to

make the land rich and produce abund-

antly, and this Rev. Deivtrick did. In a

way he had a rotation of crops. He would

plow down clover stubble that had been

heavily manured for corn for silage, and

he put this corn for silage in after he

had taken out the crop-of hay that year.

Then he would seed the corn ground to





rye. He- would mow that rye the next

year for hay and then put it into corn

again. Occasionally he seeded the corn





ground to clover, either late in the fall

or early in the spring. The ground being

so rich he could get a good crop of clover

hay the same year that he seeded it.

On most of the land he tried to raise two

forage crops» each season, and he suic-

ceede-d in accomplishing it to a. large

extent. Now it is simply marvelous to

think that a man could raise enough for—

age crops on 13 acres to keep 17 head of

milch cows and a number of young cat-

tle and the team necessary to work the

farm and deliver the milk. If I remem-

ber correctly, the last year he operated

this farm he kept‘ 34 head of live stock

and raised sufficient forage for all of

them, besides having some to sell. You

see, in purchasing the grain he added an

immense amount of plant food to the

farm eyery year, and it is simply mar-

velous how much land will produce when

you furnish enough available plant food.

The trouble with most of our land in

Michigan is that there isn’t enough avail-

able plant food in it to grow luxuriant

crops, we haven’t got the stable manure

to make it rich, and we are afraid to

buy commercial fertilizer to do it with,

and consequently we go on raising ordi-

nary or medium crops when maximum

crops could be produced.



There are other instances'on record

where men have kept on quite a ilarge

farm as many as one cow for each acre

of land. For instance, a mar with a 40-

acre farm could keep 40 cows. A man

with 100 acres of land can keep 100 cows





on that farm and raise practically all-





the feed with the exception of a certain

amount of grain purchased to balance





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





succession and the last crop of corn was

better than the first. But he covered

the field over every year with stable ma-

nure. Where we haven’t the stable ma-

nure then, of course, we must raise a

good sod so that we can turn this sod

under and keep up the vegetable matter

in the soil.



I believe that Mr. D can, if he tries

his best, in a. few years work up his

farm so that he can keep one cow or

more to the acre.



Now with regard to a silo. At the

present time I take it that he hasn’t a

large number of cows and that he is go-

ing to purchase more. I never would

build a silo larger than 15 feet in diam-

eter, and then I would get my capacity

out of height. A. 12-foot silo does very

well but in a small silo you never can

get the ensilage to pack in quite as close

as you can in a larger one. I wouldn’t

want to build a. silo lese than 12 feet in

diameter, and for my herd I prefer 15

feet in diameter. My best-sized silo is

15 feet in diameter and 50 feet high, and

if I were in Mr. D.'s place and wanted to

figure on capacity for the future I would





build a silo 15 feet in diameter, say 30

feet high, and then figure if I wanted

more silage than this later on, that I





would add 10 or 20 feet to this silo, as I

needed it. This would be much better

than building a new one, and it makes

better ensilage. The deeper you can get





 





the silo thebetter the ensilage is, be-

cause it packs closer.

ENSILAGE SPOILING. CAUSE. CAN





ANYTHING BE DONE TO

SAVE IT?





“'ill you please advise me in regard

to our silage? We put in a silo last fall,

The frost hit our corn quite hard and it

stood several days afterwards before we

cut it. Then it laid on the ground a

couple of days before we could get a

cutter to ‘come and fill it. The fodder

was real dry. We run in about three-

fourths inch stream of water while fill-

ing, or as much of it as we could get up

the blower. \Ve tamped it in with one

man, using a distributer. The silo is 12

x30—ft. We feed off about three or four

inches per day; have fed down about

eight or nine feet. Of course, we have

no experience as to what it ought to be

but we tlhink it is spoiling. All around

the Outside. about a foot in it comes out

in chunks or flakes and is dry or burned

out and all filled with a white mould.

Inside of that foot it is damp and hot

with spots that are all rotten and dark

colored and kind of mushy like. If it is

spoiling can we do anything to stop it

and theieby save it? We Wiite you be—

cause we feel that you were able above





any other person in the state give us

correct advice.

Eaton Co. S. C. C.

From the description it would seem





that the ensilage has certainly spoiled

somewhat, especially around the outside.

Those spots in the center that have turn—

ed black and mushy are also spoiled. I

am of the opinion that. this could have

been avoided if the ensilage had been

tramped more carefully while the silo

was being filled and if a sufficient amount

of water had been applied at the time.

Where a silo is only 12 feet in diameter

and you run the corn in pretty fast one

man alone in the silo will have very lit-

tle time to tramp it. He simply carries

the diStributor around and that is about

all the tramping it gets. Now his dry

corn is light and bulky and it won’t settle

down very good, especially the top one.—

third of the silo. There isn’t weight

enough to it to settle down to exclude

the air, and it is bound to spoil more or

less. I apprehend that after you get

down into the silo farther where it is

packed quite thoroughly from the pres-

sure of the corn above that this loss will

not occur. It would seem that this amount

of water applied to the corn at that time

would make it sufficiently moist to pack

well, but if the corn wasn’t well tramped

down when being put in much of this

moisture would work down through the

silage toward the bottom. As I say, it is

quite certain that when you get down

further into the silage you will find it in

much better shape.





 





 





 





ThOSC WhO know buy

the DE LAVAL





Creamerymen—Because they are experts in the handling of

cream and know by long experience that the De Laval skims

cleanest and wears longest. That is why 98% of the World’s

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Experienced Doirymen—The De Laval is the universal favorite

among big dairymen. They know that no

other separator will give them such satis-

factory service.



“\ Old De Laval Userrr—VVhenever a man

,V who has used an old model De Laval decides

to purchase a later style machine he invari-

ably buys another De Laval.



Men Who Investigate—If anyone takes

the time to investigate the merits of the

various cream separators, either by finding

out from other users what kind of service

their machines have given or by testing

other machines out against the De Laval,

the chances are a. hundred to one that his choice will be the

De Laval. More De Laval machines are in use tnan any other

make. There is a reason. The De Laval agent in your locality

will be glad to tell you why.





The new 72- page De Laval Dairy Hand Book. in which important dairy questions are

ably discussed by the best authorities is a hook that every cow owner should have

Mailed free upon request if you mention this paper. New 1913 De Laval catalog also

mailed upon request. Write to nearest office.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.





NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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THE IMPROVED DEHORNER





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METZ BROS.





NILES, MICH.

We have a fine lot of imported and

American bred





Percheron Stallions





on hand and we can sell them for less

money than any other importer. Write

us your wants. _

METZ BROS., Niles, Michigan.





A. A. PALMER 6: SONS





Open the season with the finest aggregation of





PERGHERU Stallion:





and Mares



they have over offered to the breeding public.

60 Head to select from.



P. O. Beldlnn. Mich. R. R. Orleans.





PEBGIEBOIS—ILAGKS and GUYS





We can show more home and muscle than any breed-

er in Micki . Young stock for sale from mares

o 1100 lbs. Imposunt 79103 (79%)

weight %) lbs. at head of stand

CHAS. 050000 & SONS. Mendel, Mich.





mCIER0NS—8?§3ffio‘n°°‘. .%§”£a%’2l§5

yonrlins stud colts. ROVERHOLT. Dutton, Mich.

In. racism Stallion and Man 60th Sale.

M. A. BRAY. Okemos. Mich.

Im gin-2‘3“"

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HEWO

BELGIANS





NEW IM PORTATION





We have given more than a quarter

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tribution of the Belgian horso. We



handle dlenoother breed and believe we

have now in this now hoof-cation of

stallions and more: a this of hone:

that will pro-so you. and all are for

saIe It prices not equalled by anyone

inthe business when moritis consider-

ed. Will be plusodto have you ask

about them and to visit us at any time.





H.& H. WOLF





Wabash, l‘nd.

HBWO STOCK FARM





PERCH ERONS





bred for It” woo-ll $01! «unity Stable

case may. brim-w. 5*" ma. 5'?“



l l y ‘0' me.

£3.12...“ a r. (firms. qfl.No o. 9. Adrian. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





amend finial}. Punch Stallion mo lbs.

Imam doublo and single. sire.

8.x Skinner. St. Johns. Mich.





We}; “Minus

Sotgfidoion-i old. “Tum-panama

“horses w th good

“We otAprll.



“I". A. Pm. Capmfim





_ oil meal





,not get corn,





ENSILAGE AND OIL MOE-AOL FOR FAT-

. TENING STEERS.





-.._-—---—4



I wish to know more about feeding

silage to fattening steers. Is oil meal a.

good ration to feed with silage and if

so, how much to each steer at a. feed?

Ohio. N. V.

Fattening steers should have all the

corn silage they will eat up clean twice

a day. 'I don't think it is necessary to

feed them three times a. day, but I would

feed them clover hay or alfalfa. hay if I

had it once a day, say at noon. They

ought to have all of this they will eat up

clean. If you haven’t clover hay feed

them any kind of hay, or even cornsta-lks

as roughage will be consumed and turn-

ed profitably into money. or course, if

you have clover hay or alfalfa hay to

feed in connection with corn silage you

don’t need to feed as much oil meal as

you would if you have nothing but tim-

othy hay or corn fodder, because these

foods are not so rich in protein as the

clover or alfalfa hay. Now if you haven‘t

got clover hay or alfalfa hay then I

would feed from three to five pounds of

per head, per steer. per day.

Begin by feeding a pound per day and

gradually increase it. In fact, the more

you can get them to eat the faster they

will grow and fatten. After you get them

well started on the corn silage and the

oil meal about the only limit is simply to

feed what they will eat up clean. As you

near the time of finishing off the steers

I think it will pay you to feed them

some shelled corn or corn meal in con-

nection With the oil meal. I believe that

you will get a better finish and that the

cattle- will fatten more rapidly in the

finishing period than they will if they do

even though you have

plenty of corn in your corn silage. The

last month or so that you feed the steers

they should have all the corn meal and

all the oil meal they can eat as well as

all the corn silage and clover hay.



You don't have to worry much about

over-feeding fattening steers; simply

don’t feed them so much that you get

them off their feed. Keep them so that

they have good appetites, and the more

you can coax them to eat up the better

and faster they will grow and the more

money you can make from feeding them.

COLON C. LILLIE.





\





BALANCING THE RATION FOR THE

HOGS.



In making up a ration for any do-

mestic animal, some consideration should

be- given to the diet of the animal in its

wild state. For instance. the hog in its

wild state, when it selected its own ra-

tion, fed upon animal as well as vege-

table food. Nuts, roots, etc. with grubs.

worms and occasionally carrion, made up

the balanced ration, for which :the hog

had a natural craving. l'nder domestic

c0nditions, the hog is generally forced to

subsist upon a. straight vegetable ration.

This is an unnatural condition, and the

desire fOr meat food is shown in frequent

attacks upon poultry and also eating of

the young by the sow. V



The hog’s ration. should coutain some

animal matter, and for this purpose,

there is nothing equal to digester tank—





 





age. This feed is made from scraps and

bones from city markets and butcher

shops. This material is. cooked under





high pressure, and afterwards the grease

is pressed out and the residue is ground,

screened and placed in bags, ready for

feeding.



A number of state experiment stations

have conducted experiments, which show

that the cost of producing pork can be

greatly reduced by feeding digelster tank-

age in connection with grain feeds. The

Ohio Experiment Station publishes a re-

port of their work along this line in their

bulletin No. 209, which will be sent free

upon request. In these experiments, vari-

ous feedstuffs were used and the results

carefully compared. It was found that

rapid and economical growth could be

obtained by the use of digester tankage

with com alone, and also with corn and

middlings.



At this station, a series of experiments

were carried on to test the value of

feeding digester tankage to hogs follow-

ing steers. Eight different lots of hogs

were selected and fed' separately.’ Four

lots were fed digester tankage, and four

were not." It was found that the hogs

that were fed disaster vantage gained so





 





 





WIllmmnmmllmnmmmmwmmmmmlmuumummmrmlmnuummunmmmummum '





 





L1ve StoCk i

EIllll|IllllllllllIlllllllllll|llllll|llI|ll|Illlllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllWWlllMlllMllwllmlllIWMIIHWWlW





to 40 pounds more than those that were

not fed digester tankage.



Digester tankage can be fed in any of

several ways. At the Ohio Experiment

Station, very satisfactory results were

obtained by feeding tankage in the form

of a thin slop. Some feeders make a

slop composed of tankage. corn meal and

middlings, while others feed it dry in

feed troughs.



The effect of feeding dlgester tankage

to hogs can be readily seen in their gen-

eral appearance. They have a sleek,

glossy coat during the winter monthS,

just as they would have if running on a.

clover field. Then, too, digester tankage

contains considerable bone phosphate of

lime, which goes to the building up of

the frame-work of the hog. Dlgester

ltankage keeps the hogs in good healthy

condition, develops the frame-work, and

makes a big saving in the cost of pro-

ducing pork, supplying needed protein as

well as adding to variety in the. ration.



Wayne Co. C. T. H. B.





TREAT THE HORSE WITH KINDNESS.





We read in the good book that “The

righteous man is merciful to his beast."

There is no domestic animal that is more

susceptible to kind treatment than the

horse. If, from the days of colthood_to

maturity, he has always been treated

with kindness by his master, he will

welcome- his presence with a. friendly

nelgh, or in other ways plainly show his

appreciation of his master’s kind‘ treat-

ment. He will come at his call, and per-

haps rest his head on his master’s shoul-

der, with the expectation of receiving a.

caress or some dainty from his hand.

When he arrives at sufficient age- to be

driven and put to work in harness, if he

is always gently spoken to, and with





patience is taught what is required 0!

him. he will prove to be a gentle and

trusty animal.





If. on the other hand. he has always

been treated harshly and, when he did

not understand so as to obey his mas-

ter’s cammands, he has been given kicks,

or the whip has been freely used, then

if he does not become bulky with such

treatment, he is very apt to become ner-

vous and easily frightened, and in con-

sequence entirely untrustworthy until his

Spirit is broken by age. Although autos

are coming to be used more every year

by well-to-do farmers, and on many large

farms tractors are being used to do much

of the farm work, yet the general farmer

has still got to depend on the horse to

plow for his crops, and market his pro-

ducts. This being the case, why should

not such a valuable animal always be

treated with kindness?



During the winter, when there is little

work for the farm horse, it is better to

turn him loose in the yard every day,

for a. few hours, so he can roll and exer—

cise. No matter if his coat does not :look

quite so sleek, he will be all the healthier

and better fitted for work in the spring

for such treatment. To drive or work a

horse with so tight an overcheck that ho

is obliged to carry his nose pointing

straight forward, the writer believes to

be treating this noble animal with un-

kindness, as every horse so driven plainly

shows by his actions.





Ottawa Co. JOHN JACKSON.





 





WHOLE‘OATS BEST FOR HORSES.





 





Some diversity of opinion prevails as

to whether or not it is desirable to crush

cats in feeding horses. It is frequently

held that the crushed oats are better and

more digestible for horses than when fed

whole.



The molar teeth of a horse possess

great grinding power and horses are able

to masticate oats with perfect ease and

without any trouble, so there is certainly

no can to crush oats with the view to

facilitating their ordinary conditions.



It is only when the teeth of a horse

are defective, owing to old age or some

other cause, that he may experiencesome

difficulty in dealing properly with whole

oats, and in that case it is advisable, if

not absolutely necessary, to crush the

oats. In :the case of horses under four

or five years old, teething troubles some-

times temporarily interfere slightly with

their powers of masticafion and when

this is so it is desirable to feed the outs

in a crushed state.





Illinois. W. H. [from
Y





.ste-ers, "skint papa.”





JAN. 18, '1913.





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





Wheat as a Grain Ration for Colts.



I have recently purchased a pair of

colts five months old and am graining

them with wheat, soaked in warm water

until it swells. Kindly let me know if

this is as good as anything I could use

for grain, how often I should feed them

and how much at a feed. Also let me

know what kind of grain would be best

for me to get for milch cows and young

cattle, which I have been feeding corn

fodder, hay and bean fodder but no grain.



Newaygo C0. F. R. B.



In experiments which have been con-

ducted to determine the value of wheat

as an exclusive grain ration for horses,

it has been found to produce considerable

digestivc disturbance where long contin-

ued. For growing colts wheat is hardly

a suitable feed, although it might form

a small factor in the ration if properly

compounded with other feeds. However,

it would be found more satisfactory to

feed a grain ration of cats and bran and

a little oil meal. Only a small quantity

of bran and oats, say a quart or two per

day, will be required at first and same

can be gradually increased as the judg-

ment of the feeder suggests. Good bright

clover hay should be used as a roughage

if obtainable. Some feed rich in nitrogen

should be used with corn for feeding to

cows and young cattle, such as corn

oil meal or cottonseed meal, gluten feed,

etc. A similar question has been an-

swered through the dairy department of

a recent issuee.



Cull Beans for Horses.



Will you please give me information as

to thc value of cull beans for horses?



Arenac CO. L. It



To utilize cull beans for feeding horses

they must be cooked, that is, if made

any considerable fat-tor in the ration, and

for horses that work this would make too

large an element of soft feed in the ra-'

tion to use regularly. \Ve know of no

official data bearing upon this subject.

\Ve would recommend the. use of cull

beans for feeding other stock, preferably

hogs rather than attempting to use them

for horse feed in any considerable quan—

tity. .





LIVE STOCK NEWS.



Stockmen owning well-bred feeding cat-

tle are cautioned that where the cattle

are doing well and gaining steadily in

ilesh it is unwise to become panic-strick-

en and let the stock go simply because

the market may be depressed at any par-

ticular time. On the other hand, there

are stockmen who are disposed to let

the opportunity afforded by extremely

high prices go by and hold ripe beeves

in the hope of doing still better later on,

as owners that could have got from $10

to $11 per 100 lbs. a few Weeks ago did

in not a few instances, to their present

deep regret. It is always well to accept‘

a good profit when it is offered, even if

prices happen to soar higher subsequent-

ly, and it is also well to avoid becoming

unduly alarmed and sacrificing cattle

prematunely simply because for the mo—

ment the market happens to be shaky

and threatening. Following the liberal

receipts of fat cattle at the time of the

big stock show in Chicago there was a

surfeit of choice beef, and packers’ cool-

ers became. heavily stocked, and a little

later the demand fell off, as it always

does around the Christmas and New Year

holidays. If is obvious that at such

times the aim of stockmen should be to

keep down supplies of cattle with such

a time as the coolers become somewhat

depleted of beef and the demand 1m—

proves.



()n the opening day of the International

Live Stock Exposition in Chicago, Mast—

ers Clifford and Harold Batchelder, of

\Varrensburg, 11]., aged 11 and 13 years

respectively, had two yearling steers of

1080 pounds average on the Chicago mar-

ket which brought $11.25 per _100 pounds,

up to that day the highest price ever ob-

tained on the open market fer yearling

cattle. The youngsters were awfully

tickled because‘ the firm handling the

steers at the same time as their father’s

The two steers

were dropped from Texas heifers that

were on feed, and it was at first Mr.

Batchelder’s intention to veal them.

However, the two boys were allowed to

have them and they had entire charge of

them from the start, feeding and hand-

ling them and paying for the feed, be-

side-s buying them from their father. Mr.

Batchelder said the boys would use the

money received for the steers to buy

more calves to fatten.



A. L. Davis, of Dawson county, Mon-

tana, was in the Chicago market on a

recent day with a shipment of sheep.

After 27 years passed in the sheep in-

dustry in Montana, he has retired from

the range. At one time his sheep hold-

ings aggregated 15,000 head. He said

that many Montana sheepmen are closing

Out their interests and are entering the

cattle business, as ranging sheep in his

part of the state is becoming too expen-

sive to admit of sure good profits. The

table lands on which there was good

range adapted for sheep raising are rap-

idly being taken by settlers, and prac-

tically all the fairly good range left is

On what is called the bad lands, these be-

ing really suitable only for cattle. Farm-

ers on the table lands the past season

had excellent crops, wheat going 30 bush-





 





 





THE 'MICHIGAN FARMER





You Save Money

1 Here ’3 Proof





The United States Government Laboratory

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The prize bread Hour of the world





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Manufactured by





The Northwestern Consolidated Milling Co., Minneapolis, Minn.





 





 





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Registered in U. S. Patent Office





 





horse owners. You should get and keep a ottle of—





K endall’s Spa Vin Cure





for emergencies. You never can tell when you’ll need it. and when horse does not need entire rest while usin '



the time does come, you’ll be mighty glad you had the foresight to Cure. Light work and careful handliggxglrlgalalesttgpathiinn

prepare. Here are samples of the thousands of letters we receive standing in the barn. If the horse was in the pasture not many

from grateful horseuowners every year. Mr. J. J. Sandlin, New people would take proper care of him. I use the Spavin Cure

Hope. Ala., writes:— _I am a great believer in Kendall’s Spavin aweck atlcast. sometimes three, according to the severity of

Cure A few applications have Just taken an unnatural growth off tshe trouble. There is enough in one bottle to cure three large



' . .. pavins if used accordin to direc i . '



Mr. J. B. McCullors. Haleysvxlle. Ala, writes:— LastJuly I bought Ibi‘rtuises, both for man andgbeast. Y23?SszinviriSCi§§elvlvtillt clfile

oro in in a hurt . W' ’ ' ‘

but after using three bottles of your Spavin Cure. I cured it and this rm’hedy I know?! whatml ggsrtgwggtymsgearlsf giigegggglswriig

. I advxse all horse owners to use my word he may bring me a horse with a Blood Spavin on one

Kendall's‘Spavm Cure.” And Mr. Wm. Booth. of Grovette. Ark.. leg. Bone Spavin on the other and Thoropin on both and I can

writes:— I have cured both Blood and Bone Spavins, taking the make him a sound horse in six months. What I have done I can



bunch all off and leavtng the horse as sound as he ever was. The do again and what I have done others can do.”





Why experiment with other remedies—when you know what Kendall’s has done and can do. You can get Kendall’s Spavin Cure at

' or write direct to





Enosburg Falls, Vb, U. 8. A.





my horse’s back, thereby increasing his value $25.00 at least.”

a mule for $65.00. He had a bad Spavin and was unable to work





he was sold in March for $180.00





any druggist's. $1.00 per bottle. 6 [or 35.00. Ask for free book. “Treatise on the Horse,‘





'01-. B. J. Kendall Company,





or in the Barn Wasting It





Whether your horses work or not, their feed costs you big money. When a horse is laid up you

not'only lose the cost offeed. but also the profit that the horse would have paid if able to work in the field.



Since thereis no way toprevmt spavin. curb. splint. ringbone, sprains and lameness. your thought

should be given to the quickest, surest and most economical cure. And for over 35 years, thousands

of horsemen have depended on Kendall’s Spavin Cure. It’s the old, reliable, safe remedy that has

saved thousands of dollars' worth of korsegfes/z. to say nothing of the worry, time and lrauélc it has saved





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





 





 





 





Give Your Stock a Chance





to do their best for you. Special attention in the winter

months pays, not only now but th ughout the whole

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25c. 50c. 81; 25-11). pail 83.50

For sprains, bruises. still m. soles—man or house—use





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gun be used as a blister If necessary. Keep it; on hand.



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How to Train Scary, Vicious, Balky, Tricky Horses

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1913 snomAw,





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Buys "Man-Killers"

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A N F A R M E R

Willllllimlllililllliililllllllllllillllllil|llillllllilllllliliillllIlliliillIlllllllllll||Illllllilllillilllllllllllg





‘1 Veterinary. g





Elllliillllllll|Illll|IIlIlllIlIilllll|llIlllllllllllllillllllllll|l|H|IllI||illll||lliillilillllilllllillllllllllilllllg





Lousy Mare—I have a mare well along

in years that has lice on her hnd legs

and I might add she has millions of them.

R. M. L., Albion. Mich.——Drop 4 ozs. of

stavesacre seed in a gallon of boiling

water and let it boil gently for two

hours, then strain and fill with water to

original gallon, then apply to lousy parts

of mare two or three times and it will

soon kill the lice.



Feeding Question—I am feeding a. six-

year-old mare 5 ozs. of oil meal, 2 qts.

of oats, four ears of corn and some wheat

bran once a day to a mare that was bred

in September, and I am told if I contin-

ue- feeding the Oil meal it will injure her

as a. brood mare. F. M. P., Dexter,

Mich—If you fed her twice the quantity

of oil meal and two or three times as

often it would do her no harm.



Sharp, Uneven 'l‘eelth—Catarrh—Mami-

tis.—My nine-year—old mare slavers, eats

fairly well, but is losing flesh. She also

has a discharge from nose. I .also have

a cow that has just freshened whose ud-

der is inflamed and caked. W. S., Ubly,

Mich—Float sharp edges off outside of

upper grinders and inside of lower. Give

her a. teaSpoonful of powdered sulphate

'iron, two 'tZlbleSDOOl'lfulS of ground ginger

and two tablespoonfuls of ground gentian

at a. dose in feed three. times a day. GiVe-

your cow Ié oz. doses powdered nitrate of

potash three times a day and apply hot

linseed oil to udder twice a day. She

should be kept in a. warm, well bedded

stable.



Caked Udder.—One-quarter of udder of

two-year-old heifer is caked; she is due

to come fresh in about a week and her

udder has been in this condition for

about four weeks. I have applied lard

and turpentine which failed to help her.

T. F. \V., Clinton, Mich.——Apply iodine

ointment to udder once a day.



lnllamed L‘d<ler.——0ne—half of my Here-

ford cow’s udder is inflamed and she

will not be fresh before the latter part

of this month. R. 14‘. R., Clarksville,

Mic11.—Dissolve 4 ozs. of acetate of lead

in a gallon of water and apply to in-

flamed udder three. times a day. Perhaps

you are feeding her too much grain and

not allowing her to have enough exercise.





Cow Does Not Come in Hheat.~1 have

an extra good cow that fresliened early

last fall that has not yet come in heat

and I would like to know what can be

done for her. C. K., Lansing, Mich—If

you will have your Vet. manipulate ovar-

ies, it will perhaps bring on heat. This

is best done; by introducing one hand into

rectum, the other into vagina. Giving

drugs to cows of this kind do not pro-

duce satisfactory results; however, you

might try giving a dessertspoonful of





   





_powdered capSicum, a teaspoonful pow-





dered nux vomica and 15 grs. powdered

cantharidcs at a dose in feed twice a

day. She should be fed stimulating food

in addition to roots, silage and grain.





W, T. M., Bryan, Mich—See treatment

for barrenness in cows in this paper.



Indigestion—Eczema—The skin of my

sheep seems dry and cracks and I would

like to know what can be done to prevent

wool shedding. J. L., Olin. Mich—Give

each sheep 5 drops Donovan’s solution

and 15 grs. bicarbonate soda at a. dose

twice a day and apply one part oxide of

zinc and eight parts vaseline to sore

parts of body once a day. Your sheep





damp weather, causing skin to inflame

and chap.



Chronic Cracked Heels—Stocking.~—I

have a four—year—old colt that has been

troubled with scratches for some ‘time;

stocks in both hind legs and hisurine is

thick. S. R., Bradley, Mich—Hie grinder





porary tooth, when shed, may inter

with mastication, which, when removed,

gives relief. Give V2 oz. Donovan’s solu-

tion and a teaspoonful powdered nitrate

potash at a dose in feed two or three

times a day; Apply the following lotion

to sore heels twice a day: Dissolve 1 oz.

acetate of lead, 3 (lrs. sulphate of zinc

and 1 oz. carbolic acid in a quart of

water. He should have daily exercise

and the legs kept dry and warm.

Injured Thigh Bone—VVe have a mare

that was kicked by another horse that

was sharp-shod, injuring bone midway

between hock and stifle on inside of

thigh. The shoe must have injured bene.

H S., Pigeon, Mich—Apply one part

tincture of iodine and five parts cam—

phorated oil twice a day. If the wound

is discharging much, apply one part iodo-

(fjorm and ten parts bOI‘LlClC acid twice a

ay.



Wart on Lip—I have a colt that has a

seed wart on lip and I would like to know

what to do for her. A Subscriber, Mor-





rice, Micl1.—-Apply acetic acid until the

wart is almost gone, then apply castor

oil daily.





Acute Indigestion-Colic.—I have a good

mare that is subject to colic and it is

impossible to give her a drench for she

will not swallow it. Whatever you pre-

scribe for her fix it so that it can be

given in capsules. W. T. S., Amadore,

Micli.-—By careful feeding and giving her

a tablespoonful of ground ginger and a

tablespoonful of cooking soda at a dose

in each feed, she may not have another

attack. Put 1 dr. powdered opium, 1 dr.

ground nux vomica and 1 dr. carbonate

ammonia in a gelatine capsule; give it

to her at a dose when she has colic. Re-

peat this every hour or two until she

recovers.



Effect of Choking—Last October we

had a mare choke on oats and in order

to relieVe her we had to pass a rubber





base down gullet. The next, day she was





sick and remained so for several weeks.





 





She lost flesh and became so weak that





may have been exposed too much to cold »-





» JAN. 18, 1913.





she could scarcely walk, but in time she

gained strength slowly. She eats good

now, but dees not~galn in flesh as rap-

idly as we would like to have her. For

a long time she had a bad cough and

rattled when breathing. I thought she

might need a tonic to assist in building

her up. D. 0., Elmira, Mich—\Vhen you

passed rubber hose down gullet, you in-

jured her. Mix together equal parts of

ground gentian, ground red cinchona,

0001(ng soda and fenugreek and give her

two tablespoonfuls at a. dose in feed three

times a. day. Her feed should be moist-

ened.



Ai‘ticurlar Rheumatism.——Ab0ut 6 weeks

ago my three-year-old heifer’s hock joints

became very much swollen, causing con-

siderable stiffness and soreness. The

swelling has pretty much left one leg,

but the other is quite-enlarged. She is

not much lame and I do not believe she

suffers much pain. \V. H., Rushton,

Mich—Apply one part iodine and eight

parts fresh lard to bunch on hock once

a. day.



Acidity of Stomach—I bed my cows

with leaves which she insists on eating.

Does this indicate that she is out of

condition?

fed clover hay and is seemingly in good

condition. J. 11., Detroit, Mich.~You had

better bed your cow with shavings or

sawdust; leaves are usually infected and

more apt to sicken your cow than other

roughage. Give her. 1 oz. ground gen-

tian, 1 oz. cooking soda, 1 oz. powdered

charcoal and 1 oz. salt at a .dose in feed

two or three times a day.



Chicken Cholera—I should like to know

if there is any sure cure for chicken

cholera. \\'e have lost one hen and one

turkey gobbler. Mrs. N. A., Lapeer,

Mich.—N0, there is no cure for cholera.

Give each turkey one grain salol at a.

dose twice a day. Clean their roost and

change their feed.



VVai'ts on Tents—I have :1 cow that is

troubled with warts on teats. These warts

grow to be about one-half inch long,

then dry up, a portion falls off and new

ones grow on. S. M., Grand Haven, Mich.

Apply acetic acid once a day.



Mange—Ringworm.—A few of my cows

have bare patches on rump and each

side of tail and I would like to know if

it is a serious ailment. D. J. A., Rum—

lcy, Mich—You should feed your cattle

a good quality of food and furnish them

clean water to drink; also apply one part

sulphur, 17$ of a part of carbonate potash

and four parts fresh laid to sore parts

three times a week. Give each of them

a dessertspoonful of Donovans solution

at a dose in feed night and morning.



Bunch on Stifle.~l have a seven—year-

old cow which I bought some two months

ago that has a. hard bunch on stille joint.

1 never noticed this swelling when I

bought her, but am sure it was there.

The pain seems to interfere with her

milk flow as she has decreased in yield.

E. D., Nottowa. Mich—«Apply one part

red iodide mercury and six parts fresh

lard to bunch every six or seven days.

This medicine will check its growth and

reduce bunch.



Tuberculosis—I have a. two-year-old

heifer due to come fresh next March

which has been troubled with a cough

ever since she was four months old. It

bothers her less during summer months,

than when stabled and eating dry feed.

One of my other cowg has a cough and

appears to be weak. 1 feed them shred-

ded fodder in morning, four quarts of

tunnel noon with bean straw and in the

evening they are fed shredded fodder or

clover hay. B. G. M., Eastport, Mich.—

You should have your cattle tested with

tuberculin for they may have tubercu-

los1s. If you have no Vet. near you. you

had better communicate with veterinary

department of Parke, Davis & C0., De-

troit, Mich., and they can supply you

with tuberculin and tell you how to use

it. Or communicate with Dr. Giltner,

State Veterinarian of Michigan, East

Lansing, Mich.





teeth may need a httle attention. A tgémfé—AFeeding Dairy Cows—Bowel Parasites.





— am feeding my cows 50 pounds of corn

ensilage, six quarts of ground oats and

two pounds of cottonseed meal at a feed

twme a day and I would like to know

what you think of this as .‘l dairy ration

for milch cows. I also have some lambs

that are not thriving and two of my flock

died after a very brief sickness. They

suddenly stopped eating, eye-s grew glas-

sy, the head is turned to one side and

they walk in a circle until they tumble

down. One of them was only sick 3.

day, the other was sick a week. J. C.

D.,~ JoneNville, Mich. The ration you are

feeding COWS is a very good one and they

should do fairly well on it. If you have

some roots, give them a few daily. Mix

together equal parts ground geiitian. gin~

ger, cooking soda and charcoal and give

each sheep half a teaspoon‘ful at a dose

in feed twice a. day. Also salt them well.

They should be well fed and protected

from cold, rain or snow storms.



Chapped Teats.——Wlll you please advise

me how to treat a cow with chapped

teats? H. S. M., Hamlock, Mich—Apply

equal parts lemon juice and glycerine or

apply equal parts compound tincture ben—

zoin and glycerlne to sores once or twice

a day.



Bmln Hemorrhage.—.~A few days ago I

lost a nice two-year-old heifer that was

seemingly in a healthy condition and was

’5le less than 30 minutes before she died.

After death 1 opened her, but found

nothing wrong. She did not bloat before

death, but breathed as if in great pain.

I am anxious to know what caused her

death. 0. M. 0., Wolverine, Mich—Your

heifer died of brain hemorrhage.





 





 





It Pays to Advertise.



A. Franklin Smith, Ann Arbor, Mich.,

a well-known breeder of White Wyan-

dottes, writes us as follows: “I am pleas-

ed to say that the reeults from my small'





advertisement in your paper have been ~





very favorable and .you may continue it

another year.”





She never did this before, is.





 





v

'-

v

i

.

.
“31w .‘





“MA—arm”:





l





 





‘ war-g.»





 





 





s





.1 AN. 18, 1913.





 





Practical





E





THE BALANCE OF ACIDS AND

BASES.





 





BY FLOYD w. ROBISON.

The Importance of this Relationship as

Shown by the Urine.



Cne of the very best indicators of the

adaptability of a diet' to an individual’s

needs or of the compatability of a given

ration for an animal is the urine. 1n

health the urine has certain definite and

.'eg111ar characteristics and should one

learn the characteristics of his own

urine during perfect health and adopt

those measures which will keep these

characteristics prominent and more or

less constant he is in a position to exer-

cise a pretty general control of his own

health. Students of medicine have stud-

ied the urine for some time for evidence

of pathological conditions within the

body but too infrequently has it been

studied for the purpoSe of preventing the

occurrence of pathological conditions. We

have not yet reached the stage in civili-

zation where we are willing to employ

the physician to keep us well. '\Vhen we

do reach this stage, more attention will

be paid in medical schools to the prin—

ciples of dietetics. Physiological chemis-

try has meant the chemistry of disease.

It will be called later, “Studies in nutri-

tion,” and our physicians will begin to

pride themselves on their skilfulness in

dietetics. Their mission will be to keep

people well. Already do we call the

physiological chemistry relating to do-

meStic animals, the principles of animal

nutrition and how description and sig-

nificant the term is. Knowing that med-

ical colleges have paid little attention to

studies in nutrition, it is perhaps not

strange that veterinary colleges 'have

given practically no attention to the study

of rations for animals. Little, if any, at-

tention has been given in veterinary col-

leges to the study of the urine, which as

we have stated heretofore, furnishes the

very best clues to the animal's general

condition of health. By a comprehensive

analysis of the urine, not only may we

be certain of the existence of a patho-

logical condition within the body but if

We study it intelligently we will get the

warning signals which, if acted upon in

time, will prevent the occurrence of path—

ological conditions. Especially is this true

of diseases due to faulty nutrition. and

we have already stated that diseases of

nutrition predominate strongly in both

man and animals over all other diseases.

in the case of man and other mammals





nature’s best hint of the character of the.





food she prefers they should live upon

is shown in the food product she supp-lies

covering the early period of life.



The Lesson Shown by Milk.



The milk has a predominance of alka-

lies or bases over acids, and milk is na—

ture’s diet during the early life history

of both man and mammals. We feel

willing to concede then at the start-that

in the normal food of man and animals,

bases or alkalies should predominate. \Ve

have shown in previous tables how foods

may be selected with this point in mind,

manifestly in the human dietary it would

be impossible to preserve an excess of

alkalies or bases if the diet consists in

its major portion of eggs and meats.

Neither would we improve conditions in

this respect materially by the use of

most cereals and especially t-orn. “Te

have had an opportunity during the last

few years to study at some length quite

a number of cases of illness among

horses, cattle and swine. In a great

many of these cases, animals in appar—

ent good health receiving an apparently

wholesome diet, have gotten off feed and

because no marked symptoms of current

well known diseases have exhibited

themselves no remedies for the condi-

tions could be suggested. Several cases

have been brought quite recently to our

notice, cases which exhibited no symp-

toms which came within the category of

the veterinarian because they were nu-

trition problems and nutrition problems

as we say, have been given very little

consideration in most of our veterinarian

schools.

‘ Corn Promotes Acidosis.



It is a well recognized fact ambng

stockmen that swine, for example, can

not be fed too exclusively on corn. We

say that com alone does not produce

sufficient bone for hogs. We feel sure

that the reason corn can not be used too

extensively is because the acids overbal-





Qllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllIll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll;





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





Science.





Lllllllll|ll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llll|lllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli llllllllllIll]lllllll[lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlll|llllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllj





ance the bases or alkalies. Consequently

nature weakens her basic structure in

order to neutralize this acid before harm

is done to the organs of elimination and

assimilation. Too much corn will cause

this same difficulty in a horse although

the symptoms may be somewhat differ-

ent. A hog is‘a. very sick hog before he

stops eating. A horse refuses his food

at the slightest disturbance of his (li-

gestive function. The toxic effect of an

overdose of acid through injudicious feed-

ing is not apparent at the beginning of

the unbalanced diet. The animal body

has various. balance wheels whose use

is for the purpose of holding the body in

equilibrium during cases“ of temporary

mis—adjustment of diet. \Ve have men-

tioned what some of these ways are.

Through a withdrawal of lime from the

system for the purpose of neutralization

of the acid as is so apparent in the

feeding of-an excess of corn to hogs. In

certain omniverous and carniverous: an-

imals this becomes more noticeable

through the use of ammonia as a base

to neutralize the acids produced from an

excessive piotein dict. If we were to

observe the characteristics of the urine

from time to time in studying the whole-

someness and adaptability of a definite

diet We Would be able to observe the ad-

vance warning signals which nature

shows, by noting the decrease in the

nitrogen excreted in the form of urea

and its appearance as an ammonia salt.

Nature can stand this treatment for a

conSiderable period of time but when

the condition is prolonged acidosis sets

in and the animal dies. A puzzle to the

veterinarian and likewise to the feeder

who (lid not realize that his apparently

wholesome diet was strangely out of bal-

ance from its standpoint of bases and

acids which the feeds contributed.



The Further Significance of the Balanced



Ration.



\Ve have been accustomed to consider

the balanced ,ration merely from the

standpoint of the proximate principles,

that is, protein. carbohydrates and fats.

\Ye know the desirability of having a

certain more or less rigid balance among

these three principles. “’9, know in an-

imal nutrition that there is a limit to

the capacity of an animal to perform

work on a diet or ration which is grossly

out of balance in so far as these three

proximate principles are concerned. In

the adjustment of the balanced ration we

have learned also the desirability of in-

quiring into the nature of the carbohy-

drates also, and We have found that it

makes a, great difference whether those

carbohydrates are exceedingly fibrous or

not.



The relationship between the acids and

bases in foods-modifies still further the

consideration of a balanced ration. The

question of complete digestibility we find

is not the sole question but as we have

mentioned from time to time, the whole-

someness of a feed, as influenced by fac-

tors completely outside the scope of a

feed's diges'tibility, are factors which

must of necessity be carefully accounted

for.



Influence of Succulent Foods.



From a study of the relationship be-

ween the bases. and acids and the con-

clusion we have drawn that the bases in

animal nutrition as well as in human

nutrition should exceed the acid we have

an explanation for the well known whole—

some influence of succulent feeds in the

ration and for the exceeding great adap~

tability of clover and alfalfa in the ra-

tion of a dairy cow. The excess of bases

over acids is very strongly marked "in

both red clover and alfalfa. Likewise in

rutabagas and beet pulp-



In human beings We have attempted

to show that the consumption of large

quantities of meats and other nitrogen-

ous Ifoods promotes acidosis, in other

words, it lays heavy toll upon the ca-

pacity of the human system to neutralize

and thus eliminate the excessive amount

of acid formed. That there is a limit

to the capacity of the system to neu—

tralize these acids is shown by the fre-

quency of the appearance of this disease

among human beings. '

Health and Economy are Accompanying



Considerations.



Thus considerations of health join con-

siderations of economy in directing the

rigid restriction of the meat diet. In the

dairy cow and other domestic animals we



(Continued on page 77).





 





 





 





 





 





11—67





Get Your Corn In ON TIME





Thousands upon thousands of corn growers lose ‘

heavily every year from delayed planting. Just as "

soon as your fields are in proper planting condition

you can ruslz work with the Hayes. Permits earlier

and faster planting, forces quicker and surer growth

—important factors in the success of the corn crop.



Hayes Four-Wheels cover where all ordinary open

wheels fail. They open at the top and clean them-

selves. Guaranteed not to clog or carry the corn

over, even in wet and sticky soil. Insures a stand even

in low wet spots of field and allows earlier planting.



Hayes Four- Wheels guarantee surergermznatzon

and qmcker growl/z. Wheelsdpack the dirt from the

sides to hold the moisture an leave a ridge on top

so that corn sprouts quickly and comes up several

days sooner. The ridge gives greater surface for

sun’s heat and prevents washouts in hilly fields.

This method assists llze budding sprout, protects its

vitality and makes stronger and healthier stalks.





GUARD Against Loss From Uneven Planting





Uneven depth of planting means a bigger ? Hayes Four- Wheels regulate depth of

loss than many realize. It’s especz'tzlly bad in planting to the fraction of an inch—this

cold, backward seasons. Often amounts to planter plants cvery kernel exaclly the same

several times the cost of aplanter in a single depllz. Here’s why: Runners setback between

year. Avoid a planter thatcovers part of the the wheels, within 10 inches of the covering

corn so deep that no matter how good the point. In going over ridges, dead furrows or

seed or how rich the soil many of tlze lzz'lls uneven ground the shoe rises and falls with

never rame up—or leaves other hills uncov- the wheels. Hayes planted corn all comes

ered so that the sun and wind destroy or :lzml up at the same time, (proof of even depth of

their growth. planting) and allows earlier cullzvalz'on.





THIS Planter Never Misses A Hill





The Hayes Drop never fails. It is the sim- No matter how fast you drive. the Hayes

plest most durable and most efficient ever always plants m perfect check. Cross rows

made. Fewer parts, less breakages and de- straighter than the way you drive. Easiest

lavs. Has no clutch to miss and give trouble. handled planter. Also shortest coupled,

Never cracks or grinds the seed. Will drop ac- making it the [Ix/ties! draft. and turns in short-

curately any Size or shape kernel. No bare est space. For these reasons you can plant

spots in Hayes planted fields. from llzrce to five more acres aday with the

yields soon pay for it. Hayes and get your com 111 earlier. /





OVER 160,000 Satisfied Users Knowi





In our Free Booklet of Planter Facts we

make itclear to you why the profits of one

season—the time and trouble saved—the in-

creased yield— —will more than pay for a new

Hayes. Think these things over and start

investigating N0 W. Learn the overwhelming

advantages in Hayes Four-Wheel construc-

tion. Take time to find out all the facts before

you make your choice. Ask any Hayes user.





Can be furnished with perfect working Fer-

tilizer and Cow Pea Attachments. also Stub

Runners or Discs if preferred.





WRITE] Begin investigatingtodayby

' sending for Free Booklet

“AC" full of valuable planter facts. A

postal brings it.





HAYES PUMP & PLANTER COMPANY, GALVA, ILL.





65 FourWheel

, Corn Planter





 





Increased





 





 





 





 





What Size Engine

Do You Want ?





1% to 15 h. 13. -it’s all the same to me. I've got a New 1913

Model In all sizes that fairly eats up work on the farm. Runs

the biggest job at a cost of a penny or two for gasoline—has no

complicated parts—can be operated by a boy—more substantially

built, reliable, durable—and with all its supenorities sells at a price

of 50 to $300 lower than old- style engines.





, rite your name on a postal and

I’ll mail you my new engine book and

revised price list. Just pick out the engine ’3 a





1you want. I’ ll ship it to you on 30,6001' 90 days’

F EE trial. Then, if you don' 1: want engine,send it

back to me. The trial will not have cost you a penny.





$50 To $300 Easily Saved





is worth looking into, Mespecially when it’s on



best quality, New 1913 Mod farm engine—perma-



nently guaranteed. Ask for book which tells all.



Also Special 1913 Proposition and Prices.



WI ILLI IAM GALLOWAYJ’



THE WILLIAM GALLOWAY COMPANY,



64562 Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa

REMEMBER —-We carry stocks of all our machines at Chicago Kansas

0113- Council Bluffs and Mines. ol “5— Insurln I





 





 





 





 





LEADER NON-VIBRATING TWO CYLINDER-ENGINEE





Operate as steadily and constantly as a clock. 6. 9, 12, 18 and 30 H. P. sizes.

Buy the LEADER gasollne or kerosene engine for your farm work. On account

of its two cylinder opposed construction. it will give full power on a

portable truck, without vibration. Mechan-

ically operated valves and Kingston carburo

etor make for low fuel consumption. Crank shaft guar-

g anteed for life. Largest bearings of any make. Detroit

. lubricator. Magneto ignition and other good feat-

ures make an engine without an equal. Portable

and stationary types. Especially adapted for silo

filling, threshing. electric light plants and work re-

quiring a stead flow of power. Write today for

hBe Book of arm Power. " Right now. It tells

all about LEADER engines.





LEADER ENGINE'COMPANY

714 WEALTHY STREET. s.w.. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAE‘





To advertise our bulinou, make new blonds and Introduce our snot out:-

i logo. of Elgin watches we will lend thin elegant watch to any oddrou by

mail ponpaid for Only 0.0. «My Regulu- gnntlemen' o 0519, open hoe,

full engraved, high grade gold pinto finish, Archie or Rom-u dlol, lover u-

oopomont, “on: wind and-ta mm us, mlmlouoly cox-root timekeopox- and

fully Blur-III“! for I Yours. Send thi- ulvortluxnent to III with your

none and odduu Ind 08 oom- md watch will be "mom I) return null pout-

. paid. Solicitation guaranteed or monoy refunded. 1', 98 can“ in l-

flvoly All you have to pay for thin wonderful watch. Bond 08 «at. today. Mr





R. E.GHALMER8 a. 00. 58880 Dal-hon“. CHICAGO
The Michigan Farmer

- ' Established 1843.





, The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 m 815. W“. mm.

“s





_ xw » k Bo .

gluon.” Omen—m rust Ravi. hut Build! .

Ouvnm Orrin—Jul.“ 0-..- Av... S.

.............Preddent.





 





M. J.‘ uwnm.... .... ...





 

 





 





M. L. ........... ......"



E. H. EDITORION ....... . ........ .........'..Beo.-Treu

I. R. WAmBURY.......................... _



0. E. YOUIG .................... ............. Anaemia

BURT .......................... Elton.

ALTA um: WILL... .............





 





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mus 0F SUBSCRIPTION:



One you. 52 line...” .... ..... .... ....50 cents



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Issues.. 2.00



All sent. postpaid.'J



Canadian subscriptions 500 a. year extra for postage.



Always send money by draft. portofloernoney order.

that idol- a by m e in be





w 1'9-

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afloeerthumlble 00





to, the Lawrence Publish!“

RATES OF ADVBle:





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floeme mam-lemmas.» or

1.39%. «civilian-non. No udv’t lmgorlfenflran





month; i price

Entered as ”confines matter at the Detroit. Michi-

gan postoflloe.





COPYRIGHT l9l3





by theLewrenee Pub. Co. All pone-e arewurned ,

In! portion of the contents or

tune without our written '





permission.



WE GUARANTIB to to. T3! MIOIHGAN

PARKER. upon “Di-ration of time sub-

scribed for. and we vi a?” all avenue for defending

any suit. brought again any mbecriber to The Mich-

i an Farmer by the publisher of any form paper.

wghioh has been sent after the time has expired.

providin due notice is sent to us. before suit is started.



Avoid gratin-trouble by union It! llhlctibe for



turn m which does not print. issue, a

nit. nice to stop on expiration. of :11er -

“on. lge Lawrence Publishing 00.. Detroit. Miofi.





 





 





 





 





DETROIT, JAN. 18, 1913.





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In the last issue

mention was made

of the investigations

which were last year conducted by the

United States Department of Agriculture

to ascertain the sources and extent of

different forms of agricultural credit, as

indicated in the report of the Secretary

of Agriculture for 1912. Other interesting

lessons, are available from the data giv—

en in this report, perhaps the most sig—

nificant of which is the relation of the

farmer to the local general merchant in

the matter of credit transactions,



The statistics presented in this regard

Show that in. 47 per cent of the agricul-

tural communities of the country, there





Agricultural Credit.





is no supply of credit by local general of a series of 19 investigations covering up to the presentation and discussion of

topics, some of spoolal interest and value





stores. This investigation further rc—

vealed that in the remaining 53 per cent

of the farm communities running ac-

counts at local stores are had by 59 per

cent of the farmers owning their land

and 53 per cent of farm tenants. The

conclusion was reached from the inves-

tigations that country merchants sell

goods on credit to more than one-half of

farm owners and farm tenants in their

community, and this without security. It

might be added that in the tar larger

percentage of cases this credit is given

without interest.



This is a burden which the country

merchant ought not to be asked to carry,

but which, where it is carried, cannot

help but bring about a discrimination in





prices as between cash and credit cus- rate-'0! wage per month in hiring by ”“3 yeal"S decision t0 offer no prizes in the





tomers. There is no doubt that the man

who pays cash for his goods is able to

buy to better advantage, to say nothing

of the feeling of greater independence

which this method of doing business in-

spires in him. There is also the advan-

tage that when cash is paid for goods

the total of purchases will ordinarily be

smaller, since there is a well known

tendency to buy things that we do not

actually need when they can be purchas-

ed upon credit.



It is a far better policy for the farm

owner or .farm tenant to arrange for

credit at the local bank or through some

other source of agricultural credit than

to run an account at the local store

without any regular date for settlement.

But, as noted in our comment in the

last issue, it is at present apparently im-

possible for the local banks to supply all

with the credit needed in their commu-

nity. They can, howeVer, supply an in-

creasing proportion of it from year to

year, and every form owner or farm ten—

ant who has not heretofore done so

should become a patron of his local bank

after having satisfied himself of the

soundness of its financial condition, es-

pecially if it is a private institution and

not under state or national supervision.



As to the general need of larger credit





induces. an inquiry was directed to the





9,000 persons included in this investign- wage, wasestimated to





"THEMM'ICHJGAN .FA‘RME'R





range at 7.5 cents

tion as to whether" farmers would be to $2.00 per month. . ' '

willing to join in forming a credit as- The value of these supplementary fac-

sociation along the lines which have been tors in the wage, hovever, is more easily

su'cccsstui in European countries. Thirty- computed by both, the farmer andthe

two per cent of the correspondents re- laboring man in the individual case than

ported that there were no farmers is the increased purchasing power lathe

knew-n by them or to them who would be wage rates of the farm laborer as com-

willing to zform such an association, but pared with that of the working man in

the remainder of the correspondents re- the city. Some investigations of this

ported that about 40 per cent of the proposition were made by the Bureau of

farmers were ready to organize such co- Labor. While these investigations do not

operative associations. It is a patent fact, cover conditions up to date, they furnish

however, that to obtain credit in such a basis for estimates which are- at least

an organization as well as from any interesting. - '



other source, strict business principles For the purposes of investigation the

must be- followed In order to have the purchasing power of wages, in terms of

organization successful. Hence, only retail prices for food from 1890 to 1898,

those farmers, owners, or farm tenants was regarded as being 100. For the pe—

who have become accustomed topromplly riod of 1899 to 1907 the purchasing power

meeting their obligations, Whether at the in. the case of city workingmen increased

local bank or at the local store. as the to only 101.4, but in the case of farm

case- may be, would be accepted as de- laborers the purchasing power of the

sirable members of such organizations wagw per month in hiring by the year

where .10th liability is incurred by all and season increased to 110.1, while the

the membership, WhiCh is the principle purchasing power of day rates of wages

linen which such credit associations must for harvesting work increased to 111.5.

be founded in order to make their bonds and of day rates for other than harvest

a liquid asset and a safe investment for work to 115.2. It is estimated that not-

banks 01' individuals in all sections of “16 withstanding the increase in retail prices

state 01‘ country. of food since 1907, the rate of wages of

farm laborers has increased to a degree





A letter recently

Farm vs. City Wages. received from sufilclent to make as a new result a sub-

sub 'ber who stantial rate of increase.





It is thus fair to presume that the pur-

chasing power of the farm laborers’ wage

is at least 10 per cent'higher, and prob-

ably more, than that of the city work-

er. When the factor of rent and the

other supplementary wages received by

the inquirer whose problem is above men-

tioned are taken into consideration there

is no question but that he is receiving





works on a farm by the year. is typical

of a number of similar communications

received during past weeks. This man

receives a yearly wage of approximately

$300, with such supplementary remunera-

tion as the keep 01' a cow, 3, garden spot

and fruit and potatoes [for the table.

doubtless also a tenant house, although





this letter does not so state. The prob- h h' h t f , f

lem confronting this inquirer is how 3. mm: :3 .er ra e 0 wages, so or as





much a man ought to save by being eco- purchasing power. iS' concerned, than the





nomical with only two in the family on man .who 1s receiving $150 per day in

this wage. The writer had thought that the mtyj and he W1“ probably be able to

he could save nearly half the wage, but save quote as much ‘as would the working

stated that he would not be able to do man who'ls recelvmg more than twice

so and adds that he has knowu of men as much m money wages in some city

saving quite a little during the year who industry.

worked in the city for $1.50 per day and

paid rent.



It is quite probable that some recent

investigations of the Department of Ag-





riculture regarding the wages of farm elation held its ninth. annual meeting and

a . .

laborers, together with comparisons contest at the Western State Normal,





showing the relative purchasing power Kalamazoo, last week, opening on Tues-

between such wages in the. country as day morning and closmg Friday evening.

compared with the city, would prove of Satisfactory accommodations were again

interest to many who are Similarly situ— farms-bed by the NOE-mm School,

ated to the writer of the above men- the teaching force and student body lent

tioncd letter. A bulletin has. recently valuable aSSiStimce in carrying out the





been issued by the Department of Ag'ri- “"0“ programs-

culture giving the details of the latest 6301’ “MOO" and'aflemo‘m “’33 gm“





NINTH ANNUAL STATE CORN SHOW.





 





The Michigan Corn Improvement Asso-





a period of 44 years, together with a





summary of the precedinginvestigations, to corn growers, others of a more gen-

, era] character. A number of the speak-

A comparison, of these figures shows





_ _ _ ~ were prominent local farmers,

that m contracts 0‘ hiring by the year of the diacussions dealt with conditions

there has been an increase in average

wage of 78.9 per cent during the 44 years,

while from 1890 to 1909 there was a gain

or 35.8 per cent. .In contracts 9‘ hiring than that of a state-wide organization.

by the year Withvboard the commanding One of the bést talks of a general na-





percentaage of increase in wage for the ture- was that on “Grange Oo-zplration”





first period named was 63'9 per “in“: The by State Grange ’Master Ketcham who

wage rates of men per day, with board, was present on the closing day.

increaseds'Zj per cent in the “mg" W" In attendance and number of exhibits

nod of tune and from 1890 to 1909 in- the meeting was the poorest 'ever held by

creased 33" per cent. the organization, various causes contrib—

In the 880811191110 diViSiGD 01' states in uting to the unsatisfactory showing.

Which Michigan is located the average Among these may be mentioned last





alone, and the whole aaftair assumed





year With board was, in 1909. $2222- The senior classes other than ribbons or cer-

fact is brought OUt in this bulletin, hOW' tifi-cates of honor; the holding 'of this

ever, that the rates of wage do not ex- show so early in the year as to precede

press the 1'93} W339 7899in by the farm the shows of many or! the local organiza-

laborer and an attempt was made to get lions, and an apparent luck 0,; apmecta.

information with regard to the value 0! tion, on the part of the 100 or more )0.

supplementary allowances, cal corn—growers’ associations of the

In this connection it was found that state. of the advantage and desirability

in 1909 the average monthly value of of affiliating with the state association.

dwelling, garden and other appurte- The exhibits—~about 25 in number—were

nances, the use of which was a "part of drawrl entirely from the southern district

the real wage paid, without board, rang- and were wholly composed of dent corn.

ed from $1.75 to $5.00 and the amount In quality it was probably the best show

when wages were paid with board ranged 0f corn yet seen at a state show. The

from $1 to $4.50 per month. The average judging was done early in the week by

value of feed for cow,‘ horse, swine 01- Hon. H- E. Kmeger, of Wisconsin, the

poultry per month ranged from $1.11 to WOI'IK being performed entirely by com-

$3.11, the- value of pasturage for cow, parison and without the use of the score

horse and swine ranged from 65 cents to card.

$1.61 permonth. The value of firewood The white cap class was this year re-

for family, with use of team for hauling gamed the best in the show and exhibit-

it, ranged from $1.06 to $2.39. The oc- ore in this class- :wcre ranked in the fol-

casional use of a team for hauling was lowing order: First, Leo Wooden, Jack-

valued at from 48 cents to $1.10, and the son (30.; 26, Glen Turner, Jackson _Co.;

occasional use of horse and buggy ranged 3d, D. E Turner, Jackson 00.: 4th; W‘il-

frorn 87 cents to $2.37 per month. Thefred Jewett, -Ingham 00.; 5th, Milton

estimated average value of fruit given to Turner. JactsonCe.;- 6th, HarlanTurner,

the family of the laborers was. from 80 Jack50n Co.; 711:, R. A. Park; 8th, Ralph

cents, to 3154 Der month. The value Of Steven-t, Case 00.. . ,

stabbing or keeping a laborers hex-so, The junior exhibitors- in" all- classes

where he had one, was estimated at from showed in three divisions, No. 1 comprie-_

45 cents to $2 per month, and the mum-jug those between the ages of 16 and 20

dry“ service where same was part or the years. No. 2 those 1mm. 12 to 16 years





While





An hour or more of





many

peculiar to that section of the state





more the character of a. local‘meeting





ship-n ts Wt

”some. e





 





. JAN; 18, 1913:?

and No.3 thoeenrom 8 tolZyearsof

age. The junior winners in the several

division of the above class were: Divi-

sion No. I, Wilfred Jewett; No. 2, Harlan

Turner; No. 3, Milton Turner.



Exhibitors in the white dent class were

placed as’ follows; First, Roy Groesman,

St. Joseph 00.; 2d, Artie Jewett, Ingham

00.; 3d, R. D. Simmons, Jackson 00.; 4th.

Allen B. Simmons, Jackson Co.; 5th, Rol-

lin Simmons, Jackson 00.; 6th, Paul Glea-

son, Jackson Co.; 7th, A. W. Jewett; 8th,

L. F. Holt, Kalamazoo Co. The junior

winners were: Division No. 1, Roy Gross-

man; No. 2, Artie Jewett; No. 3. Paul‘

Gleason. ‘



In the yellow dent class the leading

senior exhibitors were: First, J. Robert

Duncan, Kalamazoo 00.; 2d, L. L. Law-

rence, Cass 00.; 36, A. W. Jewett, Ing—

ham Co. Junior winners were: Division

No. 1, Clifford Ward, Ingham 00.; Nc.~

2, Artie Jewett; No. 3, Ferris Bradley,

Kalamazoo Co.



In the class for mixed lots there were

two exhibits, shown by Wilfred Jewett

and F. H. Thorn, the awards being plac-

ed in the order named.



The grand championship award for best

10 cars in the show went to J. Robert

Duncan, owner of last year’s champion-

ship single ear. The grand champion

sweepstakes for juniors was awarded to

the 10 cars shown by Roy Grossman. The

Michigan Farmer trophy cup, offered for

grand champion single ear, was award-

ed to B. E. Turner, 0! Jackson (20., on

a fine ear of white cap dent.



At the business meeting of the asso-

ciation, held on Thursday, it was the

consensus of opinion that the next meet-

ing should be held at the Agricultural Col-

lege if satisiactory accommodations can

be secured. The matter was left in ‘the

hands of the directors. Thevyfollowing

officers were chosen for the ensuing year:

Pres, D. E. Turner, Mooherville; vice—

pres., L J. Bradley, Augusta; sec—trees,

A. R. Potts, Agricultural College; direc-

tors, G. D. Grossman, Constantine, C. D.

Sudborougb, Adrian, and \V. F. Raven,

East Lansing.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.





The 15-days‘ quarantine against sheep

for feeding or breeding purposes at the

BuiTalo stock yards has been raised. The

quarantine was declared because of the

receipt of several car loads of stock from

the live stock yards of Detroit where

sheep were affected with an infectious»

disease.



A rear end collision on the Grand Rap— ;

ids & Holland Interurban lines resulted in .

20 persons being injured, two probabiy'

fatally, last Friday evening. A failure

to recognize warning signals is given as

the cause of the accident.



Wm. Rockefeller, brother of John D.,

wanted by the Pujo money trust investi-

gating congressional committee, landed

at Miami, Fla, from Nassau, where he

has been examined by government physi-

cnans to ascertain his fitness for report-

ing before the. above body. -



The melting of snows and heavy rains

along the headwaters of the Ohio river

has caused one of the largest floods in;

the history of that stream. On Sunday

the river at Cincinnati passed the 60—foot

stage and was continuing to rise at the?

rate 0! two inches per hour. At the'

lower parts of the city, as well as at‘

Dayton, Newport and Covlngton. suburbs

On the Kentucky side of the river, were

flooded and between two and three. thou—

sand personswere believed to be tem-

porarily homeless due to the invading

waters. Commission merchants and ware-

house owners whose buildings are along

the river side have suffered considerable

loss. In some buildings facing the

wharves, water is up to the second story. ‘

Louisville, Ky, is also suffering, probably

over 700 families having been driven from

homes along the water front. At seven

o’clock Sunday night the water was 35.8

feet high and was rising two feet per

hour. Many other river towns are re-

porting damage to property amounting to

thousands oil dollars.



The presidential electors of the several

states met at their respective state capi-

tols on Monday to cast their votes for

President of the United States. The

electors of Michigan cast their votes for

Theodore Roosevelt. This is the second

time in the history of the republican

party that all electoral votes of this state

were cast. for a candidate other than for

a republican. In 1892 five of Michigan's

14 votes were cast for Cleveland. It was

later declared, however, that the law

providing for this broken ballot was un-

constitutional. .



The attendance at the New York auto

show is reported to be the largest in the

history of the institution.



A great combination meeting of all the

suffrage organizations of the country will

be held at Carnegie Hall, New York City,

on February 17.



An attempt will be made to elect Uni-

ted States Senators in three New Eng-

land states this week. The states are

New Hampshire, Massachusetts and

Mal-me.



The annual rmt of Buffalo shows

that not since 1898 has there been such

a large amount of grain handled through

that port as during the post season. The

106,997,118 Mahala. ,





mmmj)f‘
LITERATURE

' POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





W9959999





7U§LI5”£D





 





 





77m FARM BOY

an? GIRL



SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





,7





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





Caliph-W





HEN Mr, Haggenback shipped the

W big—horned rhinoceros, “Bom-



bay” to Central Park in 1888, he

had no idea of the great favor he was

conferring upon America. It did nott ap-

pear so at the time. for the rhino died a

week after his arrival and Mr. Ilaggen—

back had to make good the $6,000 loss.

“'hen a young hippo was choScn to take

the place of the lamented rhino not even

the park commissioners in New York,

much less Mr. Haggenback, dreamed that

this coincidence was the beginning of the

greatest romance in animal history, or

that the little lady hippo, afterwards

christened “Miss Murphy,” had been pre-

paring in Berlin 'for her life mission as

the spouse of Caliph the $100,000 hippo,

and as the mother of the only living

family of hippos ever born in captivity.



At that time, Caliph was at the Cin-

cinnati (Ohio) Zoo, to which he had been

sold by parties connected with the Brook-

lyn Museum. Born on the River Nile and

kidnapped about the same time, the pair

of hippos were apparently destined for

each other. In due time Miss Murphy‘s

guardians betliorqgh't themselves not a

consort for the queen who had been the

center of attraction in Central Park ever

since her arrival on American shores.



And so it came about that King Caliph

and Miss Murphy set up housekeeping in

the hippo tank in Central Park, April 20,

11988. Eight hippo children were born of

this union, five of whom are living to-

day. Two of these, Cyrus and Iris, were

bought by Haggenback for his menagerie

in Berlin, the pair bringing something

like 5425.000, besides an exchange of other

animals. _



For many years Caliph lordcd it over

his fellows in Central Park. In fact he

had not only proved an unrivalled at—

tractiOn for the park, but in a measure

the menagerie had been stocked and re-

stored by his progeny. The hippo family





tbecame the especial charge and pride of





keeper Tommie Hoy, between whom and

the uncouth monsters there seemed to be

a bond of affection and understanding. In





t'fact, Keeper Hoy always declared that





every grunt and squeal of the hippos

meant something, just like the (lots and

dashes of the Morse telegraph code. \Vhen

meal time came around, once in 24 hours,

old Caliph always managed to dispose of





‘ a bale or so of hay and three or four





gallons of apples, potatoes and carrots

chopped fine for dessert. At such times

there was always a display of the huge

jaws which made an opening forty—eight

inches from lip to lip. In hippo language

Keeper Hoy laughingly interpreted this

as “come, oh come and fill me now.”



“'hcn old Caliph died, in January, 1908;

there was as much mourning among the

keepers at the park, as if some member

of their family had departed. Keeper

Snyder appeared at the office of Dr.

Rumpus, the director of the museum, and

with tears in his eyes announced the

death of Caliph. Dr, Bumpus avers that

he has rarely seen anything more affect-

ing than the devotion displayed by the

keeper who for four days and nights

worked over old Caliph in a vain endea—

vor to save his life. But there was no

time to waste in foolish grieving. Old

Ca‘liph was an important personage, and

it had been decreed, during his illness,

that in case of death he must be pre—

served for the Museum of Natural His-

tory. Accordingly a death mask was tak-

en at once while rigor mortis was taking

place. This was not a difficult task, as

Caliph appeared to be asleep, so natural

was his pose.



From that hour Caliph disappeared from

public view, but after a year of banish-

ment he was brought forth from his tem-

porary tomb in the museum, and now re—

poses in a. mausoleum which potentates





might envy—the grand salon of the 01d





odd-famed Hippopotamus.





By Louse E. Dew.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Caliph—As he Appeared in Life.





 





 





 





 





 





SkeletOn and Framework—Ready for Modeling.





 





 





 





 





 





IVorld Hall of Mammals where he guards

the entrance with the same haughty mien

he wore in life. To accomplish his rcs—

urrection,,as it were, the greatest piece

of work the Museum of Natural History

had ever undertaken was performed.



Mr. J. D. Figgins, chief of the depart-

ment. of preparation. giVes an interesting

account of this process. “After the death

mask was made,” said he, “the next step

was to take measurements. \Vhen his

hide was removed his skeleton was meas-

ured, allowing for removal of skin, which

by the way, was from two to eight inches

thick and wcighctl 1,200 pounds. \thn

this skin was trimmed down, it was less

than onc—cighth of an inch thick and

weighed sixty-seven pounds. imagine

shaving down eight inches of skin, weigh-

ing l.:300 pounds. It required the services

of six men four days.



“The work on old Caliph was the most

difficult undertaking of the kind over ac—

complished. in fact, it is far more diffi-

cult to mount a hippo than an elephant,

because of the general shape of the skin

of the former~the deep round folds, etc.



"The third process was to clean the

Skeleton thoroughly, after which a plat-

form ot‘ 000 pounds was erected, with a.

heavy perpendicular beam and horizontal

braces to serve as the framework of C21-

vliph's anatomy. At one end the skull

was attached at the, proper angle; at the

proper distance opposite, the pelvis and

entire bones of the legs were mountcd,

wired into exact position, and suspended

to the main horizontal beam, all put in

place according to measurements.



“The skele-tOn was then barrelled out

with timber spikcd on to stiffen the en—

tire frame. Over this was spread model-

ing clay. After the first layer of clay,

the modeling really began, for up to this

time we were working on a foundation.



“At this stage the animal was modeled

in clay‘cach fold of skin and each mus-

cle being brought out in the clay, making

a duplicate of the hippo as he appeared

in life, with the exception of his skin.



“Next, .a plaster mold of the animal

was made in sections. After the mold

was removed from the clay model a thin

shcll ot' burlap and plaster was applied

to the interior surface of the mold. The

Schral sections were then assembled,

which gave, the modcl of Caliph again in

light plaster.



”The rods 0f heavy gas pipe which had

been placed in the interior of the legs

Wcre made fast to the shcll to support it.

This 'manikin was then sized with glue

water, and when ready to put the skin

on the covering of the manikin, heavy





paste was also used. As soon as the

paste was applied the skin was poisoned,

then sowed in place. At this point the





really dilllcult part began, that of Work-

ing the'skin into the folds. Those wcro

all indicated in the skin by innumerable

wrinkles, and it, was necessary to work

this baggy skin into position until all

was smooth. This we call ‘working

away"a long and difficult task as may

be imagined.



“The skin was then nailed to the man—

ikin, in addition to its gluing, all of

which was done in the creases of the

skin where the nails did not show.



“How many pounds of nails did we use

on old Caliph? About ten’ or twelve.

This process was ncccssary because a

hippotamus skin shrinks tremendously. I

tried to prevent undue shrinkage by us-

ing precipitate of soap and glycerine.

After that it was mercly a process of

painting him from a live specimen—his

consort in life, Miss Murphy, furnishing

us the general color scheme.



“Now old Caliph will be the main piece

in the Old \Vorld MammatHaIl, which

henceforth will be the Mecca of many

pilgrimages of those who delighted to do.

him homage in life.”





 





H; In.
.2; r .





70—514





THE'M'ICHI'GAN FARMER





BRAMBLE HILL





(Book Rights leserved by ficAttbor.)





Sid hesitated, groped for a finish,

and then changed abruptly. “I’ve simply

got to get back into your father’s good

graces; at; least, I must recover what

standing I had. That's all there is to it.'

I’d be so miserable if I were denied the

pleasure of calling on you. It’s—it’s about

the only pleasure I have here."



“I’m afraid,” she bit her lip and glanc-

ed behind uneasily, “I'm afraid he’ll for-

bid your coming to the house for good

and all. He may even tell me not to,

speak to you. That's why 1—”



"But wouldn’t you speak to me if he

told you not—”



“0h," she said quickly, “you don’t

know him. Of course,- I’d be just as

friendly toward you, but if he said—”



“But you‘re running a. risk now. It's

mighty good of you. If he did forbid my

coming couldn’t you once in a while—”

he stopped short, then burst out. “Oh,

confound it! Isn't there some way I

could regain my lost footing; not that I

care What he thinks of me; it’s only—”

his gaze was very direct and her eyes

were drooping before it. He had drawn

closer and was holding to the driving

seat at the exact. spot where Nathaniel

Edgeworth had split the leather that mem-

orable day when Susan almost ran over

old \Va-ttles. “Why, you see,” continued

Sid, “It's only because you are the only

girl in Turtle Creek that—thy, that—I

like one way or another,” he blurted out

for a. finish.



“0h!” she arched her eyebrows. "that

is nice of you. Because there are so few

girls in Turtle Creek, you just pick me

out as the best under the circumstances."





“No, I didn’t mean that at all,” Sid

squirmed. “You know, it’s like this:

You've been so bully Ito me. Here you





believe in me when all the rest are rath-

er inclined the other way. You‘re a

trump. It isn't every girl that would

stick to a. fellow when her”



“Oh, you are telling me that a friend

in need is a friend indeed. That's not

so terribly complimentary to me, you

know.” ‘





“Oh, yes. Don’t you see? Anyway, I





do appreciate you so much and like you-





so much that I‘d hate to be cut off from

the pleasure of being with you. You

must tell me some way to regain my lost

ground with your father.”



Her look was pregnant With meaning.

She answered slowly, “There’s only one





way. Do something toward making that

hundred thousand dollars. Then he'll

change his mind. Then he’ll be afraid





that it won't—oh, you understand! It

worked before; as soon as you showed a

disposition to try and ell-n that hundred

thousand dollars he asked you to come to

the house and—"



“Confound it, but you’re clever!” cried

Sid. “Of course, he doesn’t want you

to throw yourself away (in—«what the

deuce am I saying?"



Sid was struggling for those elusive

words that make and mar fortunes. If

he could just. say the right thing. if he





could only give her to understand that

he liked her for herself, and that it

wasn't any question of that old will at

all. Oh, propinquity makes the poor

heart flounder. There she. was, so sweet

and fresh, so near, and she had come

with some risk to herself to meet him

alone.



“You know,” Sid began the struggle

again, her presence affecting him so





could nerr think of the

right words, “it’s mighty decent of you

to take an interest in a. chap like me.

I appreciate it. so much. It sort of goes

to my head when I think of your coming

out here to meet- me. I’ve got some-

thing to say. VVait.”



He put his hand on her arm as she

turned apprehensiVely and, seeming to

sense the presence of an intruder, was

making ready to start.



The ends of his fingers thrilled with a

shock electrical as he touched her. Then

he begun to know, began to feel, and be

more or less sure just how it was he

felt toward her and just what it was, he

wanted to say. Propinquity is a sly jay,

thrusting her head out of her cage and

mocking those attracted by her song.



“Yes.” she brewthed quickly, turning

toward him.



“I want to say that 1—” he moistened

his throat with a great effort and his

eyes began to glisten a. little as he look-

ed straight into hers. He gulped again.

“You’re somehow more than a friend.





strangely he





You’ve meant more to me than—we'll.

than nearly anybody sinchJ’



“Nearly?” she caught him up with a.

quick, quivering doubt; a pained look in

her eyes.



“Yes, confound it, you see,”

squirming again but suddenly impulse

seemed to be driving him grandly, like a.

coach and four- “Yes, I like you better

than any—yes, anybody, Susan. In fact,

I— 1—” '



“Hurrrh!”



Sid and Susan jumped guiltily and

their hands dropped unconsciously apart

at the sound.



It was someone clearing his throat,

loudly, persistently, purposely. Both turn-

ed with one impulse 10 the side of the

road.



There stood Ewer, Harold Ewer, his

face as scarlet as his tie. He looked at

Sid like a c'hen'y-pititer Contemplating a

particularly healthful and flannting cher-

ry. He- cleared his throat agnin'and ad—

dressed Susan, his eyes quite cold and

calm. “Pardon me, am I intruding? I

saw the machine from .the road as I was

walking by; I just cut through to see if

you would give me a lift home," he ex~

plained elaborately.



”Surely, Harold. Jump in!” answered

Susan. giving one helpless glance at Sid.



Ewer took his place beside Susan con—

fidently, turned with a triumphant look

toward Sid, and the machine started off,

Ewer sitting stiff beside the girl with an

undeniable air of proprietorship.





 





Chapter XL—On the 12:32.



Bears bundle up in the hollows of trees.

hedgehogs hie their embonpoint into holes,

little frogs and lizards wiggle their cold

noses far down and pull nice soft blank-

ets of warm mud about their shoulders.

The price of ‘apples goes up, oranges are

down, the hens lay off and give us fifty—

cent eggs, all goods me marked down

after Christmas for the sales, ice becomes

a drug on the market, red flannel the

vogue.



This is winter.



In Turtle Creek the chief change was

the renewal of all permanent arrange-

ments, the casting of of temporary cus-

toms, There also came a decided boost in

the sales of the immortal works of E.

P. Roe, Josiah Allen’s Wife and Mary J.

Holmes, bound in pansy-printed paper

covers, the pansies for thoughts.



But the great change, the ceremony

which showed winter had really come,

the true weather—vane, set above all the

cocks on all the barns in all the country

round was the winter housing of the vil-

ilage fathers. The real season-sensor was

Aloisious Stimpson. When he picked up

his old hick’ry chair and remarked,

“'Well, the gol blame birds is all gone;

boys; an’ «the corn’s in the barn, an' the

air is nippin’ right smart; I reckon we

better move our old fool carcasses inside

around the stove, ’fore» Lafe Turner over

there gets .froze to death an’ ’fore Niles

J‘zish‘s gout turns inter chilblains.”



Having said this, he always moved his

own chair inside first, and the few hardy

followers left at this season followed.



Then Aloisious Stimpson always strode

about nervously, working his hands he-

hind his back, chewing violently and evi-

dently passing through the. gamut of

emotions to which a caged Polar bear is

subject. Finally he’d stop before Niles

Pash, who ran the store (little enough

running it required, better say “am-

bled"), and remark: ”\Vell,

don’t taste right in my mouth. I reckin

I'll go back [to the dark Heawathy: guess,

Niles, yeh can give me some of that gol

blame black stuff; an’ some Colorady

madury stog'ies. Funny how a teller will

go back to the old standbys in winter.

Sort 0’ turn myself out to guns on this

here light terbacker in summer.” He

would stop to break open the little red

package of fine-cut Hiawatha chewing

tobacco and cram his mouth with it.

“Gol dam Stuff tastes mighty good, too,"

he would remark, glancing around, at the

group.



“ ’Tis funny how the season do change

a feller’s taste," a. little pocket-eyed gen-

tleman who resembled a Rhesus monkey

and whose name was Late Turner, would

usually remark. “Guess I’ll try some of

them Wintergreen loaengers, Niles,” in.-

dicating a powder-hemmed bottle beside

him. “Tins here pepp'mmr is t00 cold‘l’n

the mouth of winter’s. Every time I

draw a breath with a. pepp’mint lozenger





Sid was .





it sorter .





in my month this time 0’ year I think

it’s my last one, it feels so all powerful

chilly.” . . .4._ ..



This annual home-flight of the flock

was moderately profitable to Niles Pash;

with their flannels they changed their

habits, which required new stocking“ up.

Then, too, aside from mercenary platters,

Niles enjoyed it because things seemed

more sociable inside; a storekeeper should

be entertained, and there was always an

acceleration in, the gossip that first week

they moved into winter quarters. ,



All was Winter-tight; the open barrels,

all but the one containing starch, were

nicely topped with close wire netting to

rebuke absent-minded fingers, and the

prune box was put on top of the coffee

canister, 30 Niles had to place a. gouty

foot with the utmost care on a split-bot-

tomed chair and hoist himself perilously

toward the box when anybody wanted

prunes (though why anybody should want

prunes)! It was perilous; any time he

might fall and break. his neck, but then,

that would be better than slow starva-

'tion.

a View to not starving to death it is well

to remember always to put everything

out of reach of the cat; than the city

counselors can’t get it. ’



Everybody being restocked for winter,

and Ed Humphrey having drunk all but

the ‘fly at the bottom of the hardened

cider barrel, several long, weary breaths

were always drawn and then Turtle

Creek officially sat down to the business

of hibernating through the dreary, com-

fortloss, all-but-gossipless winter.



’ O 0



Now spring had come; the second

spring after Nathaniel Edgeworth’s will

had caught the village by its heels and

stood it on its head, shaking out every

forgotten coin of gossip concealed in the

many pockets.



Aloisious Stimpson had put himself/out

to grass again, as far as his tobacco was

concerned. Late Turner had gone back

to pepp’mlnts, and Niles Pash had re-

turned the prune box to its place beside

the dill pickles.



It was April. Spring was gently pour—

ing down all. around, dripping from the

eaves of Niles’Pash’s porch roof down

the back of Ed Humphrey's neck (he still

sat at the feet of the fathers, never as-

piring to the dignity of a chair).



Wet, it was, but that fine spray of mist

which a man may breathe in and expand

his lungs upon. It was spring and the

morning's mail had bulged with seed cat-

alogs The Bayview Bugle was out with

a. whole column of verse dipped from the

clear crystal of the poet's spring. Aloisl-

ous Stimpson had already put on his

lighter flannels and was smoking a; mild—

er stogie. Lafe Turner, the Rhesus

monkey, had had a hair cut. making him

look even more of a primate.



Spring was in the air; plows were in

the ground. Bud dropped in to buy a can

of paint to embellish his mother’s barn.

They were cleaning house extensively up

at Sam Dunlap’s. Hired help everywhere

had spring fever. All the crazy quilts

in town were being aired in the back

yards. Turtle Creek, itself was Spreading

out grandly with the contributed waters

from rains above.



Two men in blue shirts trotted by the

corner in the drizgzle, with their hats

protecting some brass instruments they





carried.



“More surveyor fellers,” said Late

Turner with a very cosmopolitan air.

“I guess they’ll be pretty gol blame





busy with that there new railroad this

summer. They figger on gettin’ it

through before full.” said Aloisious Stimp-





son. “Their franchise kind of crowds

’em, I reckon. Only gives ’em till Oc-

tober.”





“Guess there ain’t much happiness up

to Edgeworth's. GueSs Sid Edgeworth

ain’t tickled to death to see them fellers

make the final survey of his land they’ve

condemned, and see ’em breakin' land

an’ movin’ straight toward him,” replied

Late Turner, pushing a brand new

"pepp’mint" lozenge into his mouth with

a secretive, behind-handed motion, for

fear someone should ask him for one.





“They ain’t got the condemnation pa-

pers out yet,” said Stimpson. “I reckon

they’ll pay twelve thousand for the land,

though. It’s surprisin’; but that blame

Sid Edgeworth’s been so all-fired pig-

headed about it I guess they’ll five him

an extry thousand or two so he won’t

do nothin' nasty." ' .



"What’s he been doin' with hissed! all

winter, I wonder? Ain’t seen him in

rtown but onct or twlct since he come

home tram Chicago, back in November,”

remarked‘Lafe Turner. ‘



“Guess he’s stayin’ pretty close to

home,” piped one at two ladylike old,





 





JAN. 18, 1913.





TH E GREAT. UNREST.





 





BY L. L. DEBRA.





The farmer’s son threw down his hoe;

“No 'more of this,” said he.‘



“To till the soil is irksome toil;

There’s more in life for me."





He left the farm; in village schools,

A’ teacher he became.



“At last I’m free!” in joy said be;

“A farmer's life is tame.”





The teacher’s son threw down his rule:

“I’ll none of this,” said he.



‘ ’Twas good enough for, Dad; but, stuff!

There’s more in lfle for me."





The city’s din he straightway sought;

A banker he became.



”I'm happy here," said he.

A teacher's life is.tame.”





"I fear





The banker's son threw down his pen;

“I've quite enough,” said he.



“This doesn’t pay; I leave today;

There’s more in life for me.”





He formed a trust; the gold rolled in;

A magnate he became.



“Egad!” he cried, "I’m satisfied.

By Jove, ain't banking tame?”





In running a country store with‘





The magnte’s son threw down his tape;

”This life is dull," said be.

“My bonds and shares bring naught but

cares;

There’s more in life for me.”





Ah! then he wrestled with the soil;

A farmer he became.



“Now this,” said he, “brings joy to me.

A magnate? Huh! Too tame!”





 





men, who were always present, but sel-

dom factors. “Playin’ solitaire an’ sigh-

in' most of the time. Hornbill tells me.

He's plum worried about that boy. Thinks

he'll run off an' go back to New York

any minute.”



“He’s apt to play solitaire the rest of

his life for all Susie Dunlap cares,” re-

marked Niles I‘ash, standing in the door-

way and winking slyly at Stimpson.



“He's a gal blame ninny to carry on

the way he does,” Stimpson broke out.

“If I had a son that had the chance he

had an’ didn’t make no more of it I’d

beat his fool‘head in jest to show they

was some sense left in the Stimpson fam-

ily. That’s what I’d do. I thought for

a while he was goin’ to get the gal. He

could of, if he. hadn’t been so pig-head-

ed. Not that I’d a. liked to of seen it;

but he could of.”



“He can’t now,” allowed Lafe Turner.

“She don’t so much as look at him no

more; not since Sam Dunlap seen Sid in

Chi-uawgo. Her father don’t let her speak

to him no more.”



“Guess Ewer’s got Susie all right,” put

in Ed Humphrey. “I seen‘ ’em drivin’

through Bayview the other day. Guess

Harold was pointin’ out some new land

an’ askin’ her about buildin’ a house on

it or—"





“What in h~—l was you doin’ in Bay—

view?" demanded Alloisious Stimpson

irascibly. (Bayvieaw, .be it known, boast-





ed a bee-r wagon and two saloons).



Ed Humphrey dropped his wandering

eye and closed his mouth.



"‘Itls kind of hard for Sid Edgeworth,

though, remarked the second ladylike old

man. “Don’t he even get a cent of that

money if they pay twelve thousand dol-

lars for the railroad land?”



“No,” explained Aloisious Stimpson se-

v‘erely, always on his mettle as an ex~

ecutor of the Edgeworth estate. “He

don’t get a cent of that. All he’s entit-

led to is the regular income from the

property—about three thousand a year.

Of course, if the railroad allows him

twelve thousand for the right of way

that’ll count toward the hundred thousand

provided for in the will; but it ain’t a

drop in the bucket. Besides, in the next

two years he won't make twenty-five

hundred altogether out of what land he’ll

have left.”



“Then the twelve thousand inverts to

the farm?” asked the other, Iaboredly.



“Yes, it reverts to the estate,” replied

Stimpson. “But it won't do him no good.

There's only one bit of advice I’ve got to

give Sid Edgeworth and that is, he’d bet-

ter get out of tOWn blame quick. He’s

cuttin’ a mighty small figure here now.

It's evident he’s only hangin’ around for

his chances to marry Susie, bathe ain’t

got a chance.”



“Guess he’ll pull up stakes an' light

out for good. Ewer’s got him beaten six

ways 0’ Sunday,” remarked Lafe Turner.

“He’s coming right along, that boy."



“Yes, he’s doin’ well; it’ll be i first-

rate match," began Stimpson. “Ewer’ll

do a lot with old Nathaniel Edgeworth's

money. Wouldn’t wonder of he'd own

the county some daF”



“And a senator or two," put in Niles

Pash, who had removed the netting from

a barrel and helped himself to a handful

of his own crackérs. .



(Continued on page 72).
' JAN. g 18, I913.





 





lTH'E MICHIGAN FARMER





will.





 





Bobby’s Rich Uncle





Everybody knew that the Kestners

were poor and no one had ever heard of

their having any rich relations until one

day when Richard Avery was bragging,

before a'crowd of boys, about the new

house that his father intended to build

which would cost five thousand dollars.

Then Bobby Kestner. digging his bare

toes into the dirt and thruSt-ing his hands

down into the pockets of his patched lit-

tle trousers, said:



“My Uncle Sam has a house that cost

more ’n twenty thousand dollars. He’s

got more ’n one of ’em!”



,The admiring crowd at once turned

from Richard to Bobby, and Charlie

Burns asked, “Where are his houses?”



But Richard, much vexed, interrupted

with, “Oh, go on! Do you suppose Bobby

Kestner’s got any, rich uncle? Look at

his ragged clothes! And. why didn’t he

ever say anything about him before?”



"My clothesaren’t ragged, they’re just

patched,” replied Bobby. “And I didn’t

say any-thing ’bout Uncle Sam before

’cause I jus't lately found out about him.

He’s got a great big house in Chicago and

New York and Boston and—and—oh, lots

of places."



“Why does he have them in so many

places?” asked Ted Blakesley.



“ ’Cause he’s got so much business he

has to,” replied Bobby. .



“Well, anyway, your uncle hasn’t any





 





fine horse like papa’s Blixen. Papa.

wouldn’t sell him for five hundred dol-

lars,” said Richard.





”I don’t know whether he’s got any as

good as that, but he’s got an awful lot of

them. Anyway a’ thousand, I guess,”

said Bobby.



“HOW could he feed that many horses?

And what does he use them for?”‘de-

manded Richard.



“Is he a farmer?” asked Fred Warner.



“No, .he uses these horses other ways,

and he- has men to take care of them.

But he takes lots of interest in farming.

And he owns a lot of land out West, hun-

dreds and hundreds of acres with no—

body but Indians living on it except a

few white folks to tell them what to do.

All Indians—just think! Maybe I’ll go

out to see it some day.” A





“Oh, gee, Bobby, I wisht I could go,

too!” cried Ted. -

“You can,” said Bobby, generously.





“Maybe you can all go some day.”



“\Yhen we get our new house We're go-

ing to have a butler that’ll wear a uni-

form with buttons,” said Richard.



“\\'hat’s a butler?” asked Bobby.



“Oh, he’s a man that—that—he works

around in rich peoples’ houses and looks

fine,” said Richard.



“Pooh, Uncle Sam's got hundreds of

men working in his houses and lots of

them wear uniforms with brass buttons

on,” replied Bobby. ‘



“IVell, I don’t care, if you’ve got such

a rich uncle, why doesn’t he give you

some money?” cried Richard.



“Maybe he will some day, but I’ll have

to work for it. My big brother Ralph

gets lots of money from him."



“\Vhy, Ralph works in the pos'toffice!”

cried Fred.



”Yes, that’s one of Uncle Sam’s

houses,” replied Bobby with dancing eyes,

as he made a dash for home.





 





LITTLE FARM FABLES.





BY AUNT QUILLIA.

Two Mice and a Mystery.



Two mice, Scamper and Squeaker, were

greatly puzzled over a bag that lay in

the corner of a barn.



\Vhen the sunbeams came in at the

westward crevices and stretched lines of

dusty gold across the apartment they

would eye it quizzically as they ran to

and fro. Again when the moonlight came

in and lay like sheets of silver on the

floor they would examine it more leisure-

ly, all the time wondering why it, like

its fellows, did not stand firm and up-

right against the walls of the barn or

some companion. .



“I have solved the riddle now,” said



Scamper one day. “Last night I found

a hole in the bottom of the bag and that

is the trouble. It is so full of air that

it can’t stand up.”

’7 “That is where you are wrong, replied

Squeaker, whose intellect was more logi-

ca-‘l. “It is air that gives the soap-bub-

bles and the little bladder balloons at

hog-killing time their round, firm forms.

[.sk Squire Barnhart’s children. ‘They

will tell you so.”



“I amsure I have it now,” insisted





H





a \





Scamper another day. “It is because of

that'string at the top of the bag. It is

tied so tightly that the air hasn’t room

to expand, or maybe it is that patch near

the middle that has something to do





With it.”

“Oh, pshawi TVrong again,” sneered

Squeaker. “I’ve seen the madam’s sun-





bonnet tied so closely that it seemed as

if it WOuld cut her head off. and yet in

a high wind it was so expanded that it

looked like a mammoth puff-ball at the

summit of her topknot.”



Thus did they continue to argue and

puzzle themselves over the mystery until

one day Squeaker proved that he had

gotten to the bottom of it. “Not that I

see any necessity for proving it,” he

affirmed, “only, being of a scientific turn

of mind I like to give the public the ben-

efit of my discovery. The trouble is that

the bag is empty. No holes, no strings,

no patches lie at the bottom of the

mystery. .



“Tonight when the hired man came into

the barn he stumbled over that bag.

Giving it a lift with the toe of his boot

he exclaimed: .“You worthless rag, you

and old Gouger are off the same piece.

YOu contain no provender and he has no

principle. When comparing you this

morning the Squire remarked that Poor

Richard hit the nail on the head when

he said, ‘It is hard for an empty bag to

stand upright.’ ”





HOW CORN CLUBS ARE AWAKENING

BOYS OF THE SOUTH.





 





A few years ago the Department of

Agriculture undertook to interest south-





ern farmers in growing corn more exten-

not only to





sively, increase corn yields





 





They must keep strict account of labor,

fertilizer and all expense put into the

crop. The exhibits are judged at the

county fair if there is one, if not, in

some place at the county seat, in the

court house usually. The yields and

measurement methods are certified by. the

boy and two disinterested persons, and

the crops are judged by the following

points: Greatest yield per acre, 30 per

cent; best 10 ears, 20 per cent; best

written history of the crop, 20 per cent;

best showing of profit on yield, 30 per

cent.



The first year (1908) 12,465 boys en-

rolled in the clubs Two years later there

were 46,225 boys distributed in 600 coun-

ties as follows: Alabama, 2.254 boys;

Arkansas, 3,663; Georgia. 3,271; Kentucky,





93; Louisiana, 6,696; Mississippi, 6,492;

North Carolina, 2.878; Oklahoma, 5,242;

South Carolina, 1,741; Tennesseee, 1,685;

Texas, 10.241; Virginia, 1,969.



More than 100 boys raised over 100

bushels of corn per- acre in 1910, the





from 112 to 228.7 bushels.

yield of the 100 ' boys was

The boy who raised the





range being

The average

133.7 bushels.





228.7 bushels is Jerry Moore. of South

Carolina. But Jerry’s crop cost was pret-

ty high. 43 cents per buShel, so‘ he did





not Win first place. He tried to see how

big a yield he could get at any cost, and

he certanly got an astonishing one.



The boy who won first honors over all

is Stephen G. Henry, of Louisiana. He

raised 139.8 bushels on his acre, at the

low cost of 13.6 cents per bushel. It is

the purpose of this corn demonstration





work to get as big yields as possible with

the greatest economy.

One of the interesting things about





these boys' corn growing contests is that





x.





 





Jerry 'Moore, of South Carolina, and a Huge Pile from his Great Crop.





but

boil





and improve methods of growing,

particularly to combat the cotton

weevil by crop rotatlion. Accordingly Dr.

Seaman A. Knapp of the Department

was put in charge of this enterprise,

which is known as the “Farmers’ Co—op-

erative Demonstration “'ork.” Dr. Knapp

soon found that the boys manifested con-

siderable interest in the work, so he con-

ceived the idca of establishing a special

field of endeavor for them.



Accordingly the Southern Boys’ Corn

Clubs were started as a branch of the

demonstration work. The Department’s

field agents assisted the boys to get

their clubs started, and exercise a general

supervision of the work. Only boys un-

der 18 years old are eligible to these

clubs. Each boy plants his own acre,

and does all the work. except that very

small boys may hire the breaking done.





State Prize Winners Representing Boya'





 





 





many boys who had dropped out of school

have been inspired by their success and

the money earned thereby to re-enter

school in order eventually to attend agri-

cultural college to make themselves the

very best farmers possible. Some have

already earned enough to take them

.through a short course in their state ag-

ricultural colleges.





 





STUDYING THE WINTER BlRDS.—-Ill.





 





Larks.





Some winten- morning the bird student

will observe the fence corners. and other

places where weeds have grown rank in

the summer, 'peopled by a company of

slate-colored birds about the size of a

sparrow. They will be dan‘ting here and

there, scarcely quiet enough for him to

get a good look at them. But he will





Snowbirds, Sparrows,





Corn Clubs of EieVIn Southern States





note the slate-colored plumage and the

light-colored bill. There’is no other win-

ter bird to be mistaken for the junco or

snowbird, as he is usually called. By

careful observation one will notice that





the male wears his darker feathers al- .





most in the form of a dress-coat or a.

“cut-away," distinguishing him very

markedly from his modestly feathered

mate.



These little birds are thoroughly at

home amid the snows of winter. Even

the fiercest storms do not seem to daunt





them in the least‘ and they -hop about

among the snowdrifts erntirely uncon-

cerned. Nature has clothed them warm—





ly, and as they feed upon the seeds of

weeds and grasses they find protruding

above the snow, it is no problem for them

to live at a season of the year when

many other birds find it difficult.



Once in a while, however, this interest-

ing bird is overtaken by a sleet storm or

heavy fall of snow that completely covers





up his available food supply. Then is the

time for the bird student to hang a

bunch of his dried weeds and grasses





low down on the trunk of his observation

tree in such a way that it will just clear

the snow. The writer has, at such times,

cleared the snow from a square rod or

so of ground and scattered seeds and

crumbs on the bare earth. His eff'orts

have been rewarded by the presence at

times of a couple of hundred of these

birds feeding together like so many chick-

ens—and quite as fearless of their bene-

factor. .



It is a common idea. that the sudden





'appearancc of these birds indicates a.

coming storm. The writer’s observation

does not lcad to this conclusion. They





come and go, apparently with no heed to

the wcather, and are quite as likely to

be secn during or after a storm as be-

fore.



A sociable bird. the junco usually has

birds of other species traveling with him

—especially in the dead of winter. The

tree sparrow is one that quite often {1'0-

quenvts his company. This lit'tle fellow

looks so like the ordinary chipping spar-





row, or hair-bird, of summer that some

people may be inclined to think that a

belated individual has been left behind





to endure the hardships of winter. It is

-not necessary to waste sympathy on this

score. The tree sparrow, or winter spar-

row, as he is called, is abundantly able: to

care for himself in Winter. He, too, is

warmly clad, and .like the junco feeds- on

seeds of weeds and grasses. Perhaps the

reason the-y are so often found together

is because: their wants are so similar. If

one would make sure that it is a tree

sparrow and not a chipping sparrow hop—

ping around in the snow, look for the

tiny black spot in the middle of his

breast. This will identify him Without

question.



The true snowbird is the snow bunt-

ing which the bird student may perhaps

see once or twice in a season. He is the

only one of our smaller winteir birds that

has white predominating in his plumage.

He is a real visitor from the: region of

the Arctic circle and is most likely to be

seen in the dead of winter. As soon as

the ground grows bare in spring he is on

his way to the far north, where he spends

the summer in haunts little frequented





by man. \Vitlt‘ll him as ho ilits about

one’s premises and it will be noticed that:

he never pcrches on a tree. He is ex-

clusively-a ground bird. although he will

sometimes alight for a moment on the

roof of a house or on a fence. Notice

also that he does not hop but walks as





he gets about: over the. ground.



Another winter bird often associated

with the snow bunting, but shy and wary

of human habitations, is the. horned lark.

These bilrds, whose home is in Greenland,

Newfoundland, Labrador and the Hud-

son Bay region, visit' the northern states

in the winter. They will not in all prob-





ability come: near one’s bird tree. One is

most likely to see them in the open

country, often on a country road. They





take wing when flushed, uttering a sharp

whistled note. After a wide, rapid flight

over adjacent fields they are quite likely

to settle again very near the spot from

which they arose. The general color of

the bird is grey, but close examination

shows black and brown in the plumage.

A little tuft of feathers on either side of

the head, over the eye, gives them their

name and permits certain identification

that the bird is a horned lark, although

of. which particular species it is not al-

ways easy to tell.



Another bilrd frequently associated with

snowbirds and their kind in the winter

months is the fox sparrow. - He is par-

ticularly fond of the company of the

junco and it is no unusual thing to see

a fox sparrow in almost every flock of-





 





 





é)
A Fence Post Gives Way at the

Bottom First-So Does an

Ordinary Rubber Boot





Right on the sole where earth, air, water and

wear join forces to rot everything they touch,

“Ball-Band” Boots give famous service. It takes

good brains and experience as well as good

rubber to make a rubber boot and all





“Ball-Band” Boots. From

straps to heel “Ball-

Band”Boots are



built strong.





We only claim for ‘

ought to do.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

   

 

 





FOOTWEAR





‘Ball-iBand" Boots are made to work





in—not just to put on in very wet weather.

Wherever the brush strikes above the shoe tops-—

wherever there’s more wet than leather can stand you

need rubber boots, and “Ball-Band” Rubber Footwear is

made for the man who knows this. Take a “Ball-Band’flBoot

and wear it out—you’ll find it a harder job than you thought

because these boots are made to resist wear. They are made by

men who know how to make them stand the snags, the bumps

of frozen ground and the kicks of clods and rocks.

‘Ball-Band” Boots what they ordinarily

Many friends have written us some remarkable

records of what “Ball-Band” goods have done.



Look for the Red Ball which is the 6'Ball--Band” trade-mark.

You will see it in the store windows and on the boots. Remem—

ber when you buy “Ball—Band” Boots or Arctics that you make

a long time investment in rubber footwear2 If you figure the

cost per day’s wear you will find that Ball-Band” Rubber

Footwear is the cheapest you can buy. ,



We also make a rubber hip boot. If you fish much or farm

on irrigated soil you need this boot. You can wear it into

water almost waist deep and stay dry as a gun barrel.





The “Ball—Band” Coon Tail Knit

Boot is made of thick knitted wool-

not felt, insuring the utmost wear and

Service. These wool boots are shrunk

as only we know how to shrink them

and shaped to a shape that stays.

They can’t shrink any more, hence

they can be washed and the snow ex-

cluder keeps out of the rubber the

chaff and mud as well as snow. Your

feet and legs will stay warm in a bliz—

zard when you wear this boot into the

frozen snow. We are the only people

making a really high grade boot of

this character.





Look for the “Ball-Band ” sign———the

Red Ball in store windows and on the

boots. If the name “ Ball-Band ” is not

there, you are not buying the boot we

make. 45,000 dealers sell “Ball—Band”

Footwear. If your dealer does not sell

“Ball—Band” Boots we invite you to write

us. We’ll send you the name of a nearby





dealer who can supply you.





Write la- Fu. ”Instr-rod Booklet





Estevan Woolen Mfg. Co.

the later St. lislmla, III.





 





TH'E' MTCH‘IGAN' FARMER





   





   

 

 





 





these latter birds; To be sure. he looks





in winter it is not always true that ‘fbirds

of a feather flock together.” At this time

the matter of plumage is forgotten’and

the one important matter of food seems

to determine the association of the birds.

_The fox sparrow can be told from all

other winter birds by his brown plumage.

With the exception of the middle of his

breast he is conspicuously brown, par-

ticularly the tail feathers which are a.





brown, predominate throughout the back

and parts of the sides. His under'parts.

while streaked and spotted with brown,

are whitish. Listen for a. moment!

“Tseep, tseep.” he calls as he hops

about in the dry leaves, “tseep, tseep.”

Yes, he’s the fox sparrow. He doesn’t

sing in winter, but in summer his song

surpasses that of any of the sparrows.





MORE ABOUT STEERING SLEDS.





 





The use of flexible runners controlled

by a lever is now the popular device for

steering sleds. The runners are made

long, and of material that will bend

sidewise. The forward ends of the run—

ners are tied together rigidly with cross—

pieces; but this end of the sled proper

may move sidewise independently of the

seat which. however, rests upon the

crosspieces. To the. rear crosspieces. ‘on

the other hand, the seat is securely fast-

ened and these crosspieceSe are strongly

bolted to the runners. Underneath the

front .end of the seat, running crosswise

of it and extending about four inches

beyond either side of the sled, is the

steering lever. This lever is bolted at

the center of the seat at a point about

three inches in front -0f the foremost

crosspiece, forming a pivot. From the

rear of the center point of this lever and

securely fastened to it extends a short

arm. This short arm is hinged to the

front crosspiece so that when the steer-

ing lever is moved the force pulls side-

wise on the crosspiece and bends the-

runners. Now by pressing forward against

the right end of the steering lever the

course of the: sled will be changed to-

ward the right and to the left when the

opposite end is forced. \Vhen sitting,

guiding may be done with the feet and

when lying down the hands grip the pro-

jecting ends of the steering lever to guide

the Sleigh as well as to hold fast.





 





 





 





 





BRAMBLE HILL.

(Continued from page 70).





"Doin’ well! Of course he's doin' well.

The blame fool ain’t got sense enough to

do anything else!" cried Aloisious Stimp-

son, always nettlcd by the slightest ref—

erence to senators or politics.



“I guess when he marries Susie he

won't have'to do nothin’ else for the

rest of his life. neither," replied one of

the human scarecrows, nibbling a crack-

er as daintily as a parrot at‘ five o'clock

tea.



“Of course he won't!” seconded his





companion.





“Why should he?” was the weighty

addition offered by the lihesus' monkey.



“Well, the sooner Sid lrldgeworth packs

up his gol durn perfume bottles, an' shav-

in‘ brushes, an’ patent leather shoes, an'

ladies’ hats, an‘ gamblcr’s tics, an’ goes

back to New York, why, the sooner the

better“ That’s what I say,” remarked

Stimpson. “\\'ith his college education

an' good clothes. he ought to make a fine

waiter er hired man in one of them

swell families. I ain’t against seein’ a

hard workin' fcllci- get ahcad; but when

it comes to a fine dressed ‘fool, I be}?



“Ila. ha!" cackled the Rhesus—faced,

who always liked to agree with the pow-

ers that be. “Sid'll like that! He's had

Mother Hubbard shinin’ his shoes on

stove polishin’ day right along; an' Horn-

bill bein’ wet nurse to him. There ain’t

nothin’ too good for Sidney. Least that’s

what Hornbill thinks."



“I don’t like to see no young man

effiminatizcd," announced Stimpson, after

a ponderous pause. “But when yeh come

to makin' a lady out of a man I draw the

line. It tain’t that I got a single thing

againSt the feller personal, besides the

fact I don’t .like him, an’ he smokes cig-

arettes, an' I allus did hate them kind

of fe‘lvlers; but I do object to his bein’

ladylike an' comin' in an’ corruptin’ the

youth of our town——"



“Like Ed here?" suggested one of the

ladylike old gentlemen glibly.



“Yes," said Aloisious Stimpson me-

chanically, with an oratorical gesture,

“Like Ed there!" He raised his hand

impressively to continue, then turned as

though some coward had hit‘ him in the





 





 





back with a tomato, glared at the old





quite out of place in their company. but,





bright rufus. This shade, and cinnamon_





JAN. 18, 191-3. -,_





men, and cried in that. elusive, cracked.

hay—feverishtone‘ of his, "fN'o! Not like

Ed there. neither! He' ‘coulgnft spoil Ed.





.Ed’s hard-boiled, (But [do object to a





young feller like Edgewort‘h puttiri’ on

airs, an" bein’ ladylike, as" I’ve said





before.”

“It does look bad," agreed one of the

old-maidenish men. «





“He ain’t very manly," seconded the

other. “Looks as though he wore cor-

sets."



“Wouldn’t wonder at all.” added the

Rhesus monkey weightily.



“Like- as not he thinks he's still we]-





'come as the flowers in May up to the





Dunlaps.” put in Niles Pash with fine

sarcasm.



"‘\\'elcome as the weevils in the or—

chard," replied Aloisious Stimpson. “He's

settin’ a powerful bad example to our

youth. He's corruptin’ the town, makin'

an effigy of virtue in Turtle Creek."



“Well, I ain't sayin' as he’s as bad as

that. ’cause he stays pretty close to

home, ye know,” remarked Niles Pash.

“But I guess ye won't be bothered much

more'by Sid; he'll get out now for sure.

There ain’t no ‘chance left.



Before Stimpson could answer. his at-

tention was distracted by a bent old

form sidling past, water dripping through

the holes in its straw hat. It turned

haltingly and called good morning to the

porch party and then continued on its

shambling way to the station.



“Wonder what Zeb XVattles is doin’

out so early in the *mornin’?" asked Ed

Humphrey.



“Lookin’ fer somebody to give a plan-

ner lesson to, I reckon,” suggested some-

body. the stock joke receiving its full re-

ward in grins.



“He‘s kep' even more to himSelf since





Jerushy went away. ain’t he?" said Late





Turner.

There was thoughtful silence. Then

Niles Pash remarked: “\Vonder what-





eve-1"did become of that gal, anyway?”



“Well,” said Lafe Turner, “Stimpson

says she run away with a drummer; Ed

says she's gone to be a missionary to for-

eign lands after givin’ up his case as

hopeless; Hermann says he wishes she'd

gone by train, an’ then he'd a known all

about it; an' Bud here says she jest run

away.” I '



“\Vell, it’s mighty mysterious, any-

way,“ one of the ladylike old gentlemen

put in. with a wise waggle of his head.

“I don’t believe she’s gone to no school."



“Ain’t that Hermann now?" cried Ed,

shifting to let the water from the eaves

drip into his tobacco pocket for a change.



“Sure enough. Looks to be in a hurry!

VVOndei‘ what‘s up?"



Like a flock of alarmed prairie chick-

ens. atwitler with excitement. the vil-

lage fathers bobbed their heads and

crnncd past one another for a look. Sure

enough! It was Hermann. with his, red

bandnna dampened down around his neck.

His manner was very hurried and, as

most sensations came through the tele-

graph key at the station, the good fath—

ers were agog with anticipation.



Ilalf way to the steps Hermann waved

a yellow form in one hand and cried,

”I‘Vhat do you think? Jerusha “'attles

is comin' back!”





“.Icrusha \l'atlles!“ They turned and

stared at each other.

“Spenkin' of the devil!” cried Lnfe





Turner, sinking back into his chair, ov-

ercome by surprise.



“Yes, sir; comin’ in on the 12:3 . Tel-

egram here to \Vattles. I ’phoncd to

Edgeu'orth's an' told em’ to send “”3th

down to the station to git it. I knew I

wouldn’t have time to deliver it and

spread the news, too. He just come, an'

he's telephonin’ now to Sid an’ Hornbill

from the Station, tellin' them to meet

the train.”



“YOu don’t mean it?"



The remark was quite illogical; one

glance at Hermann's flushed face would

have shown conclusively that he certainly

did mean it.



“Sure enough!" he cried, pointing dra-

matically to the message he had tran-

scribed in purple ink on the yellow form.

“There it is in black and white.”



“Well, what do you know about that!”

cried AloiSious Stimpson, taking the tel—

egram as though by divine right and

reading it with the far-away gaze of a.

Wall Street operator sensing the pulse

of a heavy deal over the tape.



“Comin’ back, is She? What fer?"

queried one of the fathers.



"Don't know! Can’t guess. The tele-

gram is from Chicawgo. Jest says meet

her on the 12:32, that’s all,” replied Her-

mann.



“Is the train 'on time?” asked Stimp-

son, passing the messageflto his cohorts.





v
ll;





‘-





 





 





 





 





 





 





A Good Investment



Get rid of roofsvthat are

\a constant expense!



Lay the roofing that is

a real investment-—





-@





l

1L.“ 43$ N/

lilDAD-LAKE'ASPI'IALT

K r ‘ \ Q" . ‘ ,

J . kl ,, " ’





It gives lasting protection

to all your. buildings, and in—

creases their value. .



The Good Roof Guide

Book tells you why.



Write for the Book and samples—

free. Mineral or smooth surface.



Ask your dealer for

Genasco.



The Kant-leak

Kleet for smooth-

surfaceroofings

makes applications

easy. and prevents

nail-leaks.





The Barber Asphalt Paving Company





Largest producers of asphalt. and largest

manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.





Philadelphia





New York San Francisco Chicago





 





 





 





we WILL MAKE YOU

PROSPEROUS





If you are honest and ambitious write

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what your occupation, wew1 teach you

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point you Special Representative of

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Unueual opportunity tor men

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ull partlculare l-‘ree. Write 3odey.





NATTGNAL (lo-OPERATTVE REALTY 00.

17-1620 ‘Marden Building. Washington, D. (l.





, stuff Birds And



Learn at home to mount



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' showing beautiful mounted birds an out.

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l’ainl William Oil





Remarkable Discovery Thai Cuts

Down the Cost oi Paint Seventy-

Fivc Per Cent.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Every-

one Who Writes.





A. L. Rice, a prominent manufacturer of

Adams. N. Y.. has discovered a process of

making a new kind of paint without the use

of .oil. He calls it Powdrpaint. It comes in the

form of a dry powder and all that is required is

cold waterto make a paint weather proof. fire

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any surface. wood. stone or brick, spreads and

looks like oil paint and costs about one-fourth as

much.



Write to Mr. A. L. Rice. Manuf’r.. 95 North

St... Adams, N. Y..a.nd he will send you a free

trial package also color card and full informa-

tion showing you how you can save a good many

dollars. Write to-day.





QUILT PATTERNS





We want every quilter to have our

book of 450 Deelune. containing

the prettiest,queerost,scarcest, uiosi

grotesque patterns ever thought of,

from old log cabin to stars and puz~

zle designs,also crazy, stitches and

circulars. All sent, postpaid, for

six 2c strmps (or silver dime.)

LADIE’S ART CO.,

l mm» 37. St. Louis. Mo.





—For811'lldelivc free—One

air Beautiful aterproof

gill: Mohair Auto Driving

Gloves: Large Gauntlets—





Leather Palms—worth $2 and tell you how lto buy the

autmnobile you want at it. i Price. L. J. nsquelle.

Auto Bureau. 66 Marston Court. Detroit, Mich.





’ ' ' ' otfers a two

The Woman Hospital Training School “.1 one...”

years course in general nursing to young women

between twenty-one and thirty-five years of age desir-

ous of becoming nurses. For further information

address Superintendent of Womans Hospital. Corner

of Forest and Beaubien Streets. Detrmt, Michigan





YoUNG MAN—would you accept and wear a line

tailor made sui just for showmg

it to your friends? 0: a Blip-on Raincoat Free? Ooul.

you use as a day for a little s are time? Perhaps we

can offer you a steady Job? rite at once and get

beautiful samples. styles and this wonderful odor.

Banner Tailoring Company. Dept-lflLlChIOEBO.





'1‘ FOR U. S. ARMY—Able-bodied. un-

rest}?! men, between ages of 18 and 35: citizens



of United States. of character and tern crate

habits. who can s eak. read and write the lien

moans. For nformation app y to Room ting

Oilicer 212 Griswold Street. Detroit. to .. H—saven‘

rich Block. Ba inaw Mich. his and new Streets.

Flint. Mich. West Kain Street. Jackson Mich.,

Enron & Quay Streets. Port Huron. Michigan;





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





THE‘MICHIGAN' FA'RVMER





“Yep. The 12:32's always on time. But'

there's no hurry; it's only ten minutes

to one now," Hermann answered.



“But it might get in earlier?” said L‘afe

Turner anxiously. ‘



“Nope. She never does.”



With varying degrees of preoccupation

the village fathers sat idly for some min-

utes after Hermann had rushed back to

the station. The discussion concerning

Jerusha’s return was desultory.



Lafe Turner had made an excuse and

sauntered away. Bud had picked up his

paint pail, after the first surprise was

over. and trudged on. Ed Humphrey had

lui‘che-d to his feet and strolled off behind

the store somewhere. Niles Pash had

gone in to take the money out of the till

and stood near the door, fumbling a key

awkwardly in his hand.



One of the ladylike old men got up

suddenly and actually strolled straight

toward the station.



Sid Edgeworth rushed past the store,

hat'less, hurrying in thedirection of the

depot. Hornbill followed in three min;

utes, and Mother Hubbard, without her

apron (seeming positively undressed) was

at his heels.



Only one old man and Stimpson‘were

finally left on the porch, for Niles Pash

had suddenly locked the door. explained

that he had to go to look up an express

package, and bolted. beneath the glare of

Stimpson’s all—seeing eye. The remaining

father made his- apologies to Stimpson

and hurried after Niles Pash. doubtless

to deliver some forgotten message.



Aloisious Stimpson stood alone on the

steps. champing his 1iver-colored stogle.

“iVell. I’ll be gol blamed!" he cried. “All

this fuss over a chit of a gal that run

away with a drummer. I’ll be gol

blamed.”



He chewed his stogie a minute. look-

ing toward the station; somehow, the

weed seemed tasteless.



There came a prolonged toot in the

distance. Stimpson’s ears twitched. He

looked up the street and there came a

rig, the black cloth of it grown

with age. On the front seat was Oley,





. the yellow of his eyes and teeth showing





in an excited gleam as he whipped up

the 01d Edgeworth horse.



“W'hy don't they get the band out to

meet her?" remarked Stimpson to him-

self.



Another insistent toot from not so far

up the railroad track.



Stimpson’s hand jerked at his watch

pocket. He pulled the timepiece out’ and

glanced at it biliously. “Why. it’s the

12:32 all right. Guess I’ll stroll over an’

see if they got that new engine on her

yet. I s’pose it’s only curiosity.” he mut-

tered as he hurried along toward the sta-

tion. “but then. it’s educational, an’ the

Vigilant said they was expectin' a new

engine on the 12:32 afore the summer's

over. Like as not it’s on today.



The little station platform swarmed

with people. There were three men

standing together in a dense crowd at

one end and two others grouped together

near the middle, so that one could hardly

see the crowd for the people. ‘ At least,

that’s the way it looked to Aloisious

Stimpson when he sneaked up onto the

platform and found all his colleagues as-

sembled—on some important business or

other.



There was trembling old Mutts flutter-

ing back and forth on the arms of Sidney

Edgeworih and Brigadier General Horn-

bill, peering down the track toward the

onrushing train.



“’ith decent oversight the village fath-

ers did not look at each other, only star-

ing at the interested trio in action.



A year and :1 half. It’s a long time.

They built the Metropolitan tower in few-

er months than that. iVars have- been

won in a year. The Socialist party has

made a more self-respecting city out of

beer-going Milwaukee in less time.



What would Jerusha be like?



The disgusting train began to slxickcn

speed long before it reached the plat-

form. It didn’t just rush in and drop the

girl and get it over with. It held every-

body in suspense. It puffed and fumed

up toward the platform, slid along for a

little, chugged with a. final spurt of Speed

and then came to an iron-grinding halt.



It stripped dead and the baggage-car

man honored to Hermann to come and

get a trunk and an express package. mak-

ing some surprised remark about the

crowd.



But the crowd didn’t hear. It Was all

agog for a sight of her. Maybe that was

her trunk? No, it had the initials “E.

W." printed on the end. It couldn’tlbe

hers. But who's could it be? She'phadn’t

come.



(To be continued).





 





green ‘





17 -—73





The “FARMERS" PRIDE"





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





A General That Fills

Purpose $ I O l 7 Every

=3

Saddle. Need.





Seldom is an opportunity ofiered to buy a good

saddle at a low price, and never has so fine a saddle

as our Farincrs‘ Pride" been offered at anywhere

near the price we are quoting.



just another cxumplc of Scars. Rocbuck and Co.’s

policy of distributing dependable merchandise at

prices based on production cost plus one profit.



This is the way we make it.



TR E E-‘l3k-inch. Morgan sEAT—lialfleather covered.





style. steel fork and horn: roll cantle.

STI RRUP STRAPS -— l‘é





sheepskin covered bars,

making the saddle easy on inches wide. full length

the horse‘s back. to buckle: fenders 6’74





inches wide. 13% inches



1 o n g, attached: 3-inch



Texas bolt stirrups.

\Veight of saddle. about 13

straps to tie: 4-inch soft pounds; packed for ship-

hair cinches. - went. about 20 pounds.





No. ioWssiaozv. Price. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .$ 10.17





Your money





SKIRTS—21 inches long.





RlGGlNG — Double cinch

rigged, with 1-inch tie





 





Send us an order for either or both of these items and we will shln promntly.

back If you are not Messed. _ .



Take advantage of these low prices now. as hides are scarce and leather is steadily advancing

in price. Thls is an. opportunity that wnll _not be presented spam. _ _



Our complete line of exceptional values in harness. saddlory and accessories is shown in our

beautifully illustrated 80~pago special Harness Catalog. .



Write “Harness" on a postal card, sign your name and address and we will mail you this

Act now and send us an order and save money.





 





 





 





catalog oostoaid.

is still another money saving





OUR “MANSFIELD” FARM HARNESS bargain inastrong, serviceable





Following are the specifications: double farm harness worth almost twice the



33' DL ES— A-inch short cheeks. round side price we 35" for ”-

reins. sensible blinds. nickel spots.



LIN ES—l‘A; inches wide. 18 feet long.



HAM ES—Wood, iron bound. 'square staple: ,__

Moeller hame tugs. jointed Concord clip attzicli- ~. ~., .

merits: ”Ag-inch breast straps and martingales.

with collar straps.



TRAC ES-1% inches wide, Moeller clip cock-

eyes.



PADS—Flat harness leather. felt lined; drop

hooks and terreis: nickel spots; folded belly-

bands: l%-inch hip and back straps : scalloped

safes. cruppers buckle on: Cooper's trace

carriers. nirkel spotted on outside.





TRI M M I N GS—XC buckles.





\Veight. packed for shipiiientmbout 80 pounds.

0 W ' Price We guarantee this saddle or harness to give

. l0 35567fl: . $32 79 . .

Without collars ---------------- ' you satisfactory serVice.





Sears, Roebuck and Co., Chicago, ill.





sggA'rIONAL SMASH.





 

 





 





 





l a . f

, [WWW - , .

“ '7 ‘— ’-‘~‘\\\\\\'

£V-wi—:-—‘ ‘ l “31:...“ r A





.‘





You Can Own one Now.





Roadsters, touring cars, trucks, rebuilt and guaranteed. Price $250

and up. Write now for list. We don’t require all cash.





THE LOVELAND COMPANY,





 





 





1197-1203 Woodward Avenue, Dept. F, Detroit, Michigan.





HARNESS





V House m



. /)> co LLARS



No.4 3 ' Ask your dealer tor the Label.

Made and Warranted by





ARMSTRONG & GRAHAM





WHOLESALE ONLY. DETROIT. ESTA_lLU§HED 1880.





Get a Good Scale—

A FAIRBANKS





 





 

 

 

 





 

 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 

   





   

   

 

 

 





   

 





 





   





i ll . '~ .



‘91! .l r-‘ ,' » .. .



>2 n ll .. .. lib

Apply the same reasoning to a scale pur- "5 "',"‘":’- {égll’llgflllllil fl Ml. \‘ «$3. sly

chase that you do in the selection of 1; ‘=’i“ ‘ll'lljl‘flli I1K‘Emmrll.fl 1'

other farm machinery. Good machin- # ”"‘ I" 4:35" Iii ‘j i: ' 1'5-

ery is always cheapest in the long run. '3) “f2 " uf'Eugtigi"§

A cheap scale may weigh correctly at " ' “ —"=-—""“""»‘





first but may soon become unreliable.

In a Fairbanks. you have a scale for

all time. And there is absolutely no question about its accuracy.’ That's why Fair-

banks Scales TODAY weigh 7570 of the commerce ofthe world. Built by men who have

spent their entire lives in making scales. Guaranteed by a firm whose integrity has

never been questioned. Write today for Scale Catolw No. SK 601 describing farm scales.





Fairbanks, Morse & CO. Chicago Detroit





Oil and Gasoline Engines. till Tractors. Pumas. Water Systems Electric light Plants. Wind Mills. Feed Grinders





A Palr of For Mittens with

FREE every Baltic this or Horse

limo llnoll robi so custom tan.

Vlo custom Tan and Dress For Skins





\ from the trapper to the wearer. Taxi-



dermist work on Deer. Moose. Elk. and

Floor Rugs. from Raw Skins under all

conditions. Catalog rushed to your request





__ , wwwexvsa, ,

Reading. ~- -- _ - Michigan“





“MED-13:30:]? P158?! (13:33:; ”Mguliy‘rynéggod a: WAIT!” iAniorno‘ihgn r' or kill fiTfii‘éfiw neces-

. . . _ , ,. , . _ - a . . . . . a

imp promotions. Write ozmr. f7 3.. so has. rflgurY‘W‘ :°s°.°u?{fFM‘iifiii’:f





 





 





 





 





Why Are You Satisfied





to leave your money where it. earns . little or no

interest when you-"Will receive





5% Paid or Compounded semi-annually





It de osited with this Society.

Full partiou are on request.

The industrial Savings Society,

219 Hammond 3163.. Detroit. Mich. _ :

I. BOY'WATERBURY. Pres. . AUSTIN Enigma 3°C, ,,.
Don’t Fool With





 

 





M Shingles





Buy STEEL Shingles





1' av Cost Less. Last Longer.



Are Easier to Put On and Are l-‘lreprool

» - - . ' - ~ — This is

' the A g e

of Steel.





 

   





I . _





 





 





 





 





' ‘ t o . in no .

Too much bother to at on. Rot out in a few

years. And they multiply b JOthedan erofflre.



Thoughtful men are non lug STEE Shingles



right over their old wooden roofs. . .

And those putting up new buildings are like-



wise- careful to choose STEEL SHIN LES.



Edwards STEEL Shingles



come in big sheets of 100 shingles or more. Don‘thave to



put them on one at a time like wood shingles. Just



nail the whole sheet right over old roof or on 811832233





No extras. no painting. no tools needed.

money can‘t buy a more handsome roof.





Absolutely Rust-Proof





Don't judge Edwards Steel Shingles by common galvsnc

Izod iron roofing—the kind that rustl. We haveinvented I

method that absolutely prevents rust from getting a fool-

hold. as 100,000 delighted owners of Edwards Roofs havo-

tound. It's the famous Edwards Tlghtcote Process.





Protection From Fire

Don't take chances of fire from defective chimneys. fly-

ing sparks and lightning. Roof your buildings With these

STEEL Shingles and make them safe. Remember. nineout

of every ten fires start with the roof. We specifically guafi

aniee every Edwards Steel Shingle Roof against light-

nlnlr. This guaranty is by a $10,000 Cash Bond.

erte for Special Factor Prlce.

*Frelght Propel .

We sell direct from factory to user. thus saving you 40%.

And our business is so big that we cut our profit-per~sale

to about half the maker's usual profit. And we pay

the freight. Amazing as it may seem. these STEEL

Shingles actually cost LESS than wood shingles.

Send postal at once for our latest Roofing Book No. 161

and Special Factory Prices. Give size of roof, if you can.

'I'HE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO.

I 17-107 Lock Street (93) Cincinnati, Ohio





LET ’usrAN

.voun HIDE:





Cattle or Horse hide. Calf, Dog, Deer.

or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.

We can and llnlsh them right; make

them into coats (for men and women),

robes. rugs or gloves when ordered.



Your fur goods will cost you less than

to buy them. and be worth more. OurI

Illustrated catalog gives a lot of in-

formation which every stock raiser

should have, but we never send out this

valuable book except upon request.



It tells how to take off and care for

hides; how and when we pay the freight

bolls ways 3 about our safe dyeing pro-

cess which is a. tremendous advantage

to the customer, especially on horse

hides and cell skins : about the fur

goods and game trophies we sell, taxi-

dermy, etc. If you want a. copy send us

your correct address. ‘



The Crosby Frisian Fur Company.



571 lyell Ave, Rochester. N. Y.





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 





 





 

   

   

 





 





   

 

 

 

 





 





 





WE TAN





every kind of skins. Horse and Cattle hides for Rugs. Robes.

and Coats. We make Lildies' and Gentleman's Fur coats. Scarfs.

Muffs, Gloves. etc., from skin sent us to be tanned. We

guarantee everything we make. Send for Illustrated Catalog

TAXIDERMY IN ALL ITS BRANCHES

THE PELOQUIN FUR TANNING CO.

386 East Main St., Rochester. N. Y.

Established 1894





 





Beacon





Burner FRE





FITS YOUR OLD LAMP.

1oo Candle lower Incandescent

" pure white light from (kerosene coal

oil. Beats either gas or else city.

COSTS ONLY 1 CENT FOR 6 llllURS

We want one person in each locality to

. whom we can refer new customers.



Take advantage of our Special Ofl’er to

r secure a. Beacon Burner FREE. Write

today. AGENTS WANTED.





‘- l ‘ .

BOMB SUPPLY C0,, 62 Home Bldg.. Kansas City. Mo





'\‘WE SHIPONAPPBOVIL





7 without a cent deposit, prepay the freight and

‘l’ allow 10 oars FREE TRIAL.

. v. IT ONLY COSTS one cent to learn our

" unheard of price: and mart/clan: of”:

on highest grade 1913 model bicycles.





FACTORY PRICES £33332?





, a pair of tires from anyone at any price

1 until you write for our large Ari Catalog

‘ and learn our wonderful pro/Mitre" on

first sample bicycle going to your town





   





 





   

   





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





’ money exhibiting and selling our bicycles.

We Sell cheaper than any other factory.



RES, Coaster-Brake rear wheels.

lamps. repalrs and all sundries at half urualprmr





MEAD CYCLE 00.. Dept. R77. CHICAG





' AGENTS—BIG MONE





Experience unnecessary. Sell the

everlasting guaranteed Steel Man-

tle Li ht Burners. Make coal oil produce

gas. ive3 times the light of old style. No

smoke; no smell. Every home buys 3 tell and

~ 'more. Repeat orders certain. Sample com-

', plots 25c. Particulars FREE. Write today.





’ fin lies! Mantis Light 60.344iluron 8i..Tolodo.0.

., "theirs &‘Tricycles

' Worthington Co.





"’ .ssocederi..Elyris.0.





 





 





 





JAN. 18. 1918. ’





 





 





 





lfinfllj’flnd





,At, Homeland Elsewhere





 





ETNeeaw





 





 





 





 





fig





‘W





 





 





“All things come to him who waits,” is

the way the saying runs, I believe. It

sounds well, but unfortunately it isn’t

"true, as thousands of patient waiters can

’tes-tify. For the benefit of these I should





[like to offer a little adaptation of the





original.



“All things come to him who knows

)how to hustle while he waits.”

“ You've seen that work out so often

l"that you will be willing,r to admit it with-

rlout proof. How often have you scion two

lmen take up farms side by side, with

opportunities practically equal, and one

[forge ahead while the other could scarce-

, ly grub out a living. The first one hust-

lied, and hustled to advantage. He used

i his head as well as his muscle, and head-

'work counts evcn more in farming and

yhousekecping than in office work. “Step

llively” was the slogan with one family.

(Evei‘yrme was up at an early hour in the

. morning and everyone fI'Om father to the

‘ five-yenr-old bud something to do and do

lively and well.

' The land was cleared apparently by

Imagic, really by wisely directed human

effort. Crops were always gotzten in at

?\‘the right time, because the head of the

"family studied government bulletins,

iwcuihcr reports and local conditions. The

[form produce wus sold at the right time

to get lll'Nl prices, for the hustler watch-

ed the markets as closely as he watched

other conditions bearing on his work.

And all the limo hc worked, not slaviSh-

:ly, but efficiently, with the end in view

to pay for the farm, make it productive,

keep it up and arrive at his final goal,

that of succcssful, wide awuke farming.



The neighbor worked hard, too. In

fact, he, worked harder so far as long

hours and hard muscular labor goes. For

he didn‘t work with his head. He never

read anything about improved methods

of farming, he didn’t have time. He

lclvared his land in the hardest, longest,

ioldest way known 10 mrm, held off plant'-

iing for four .of spring freshets and har-

vested his crops :1 week or so after his

neighbor was through. He was slow and

methodical about working, and his chil-

dren and wife copied him. Meals were

always behind in the house, because the

:Wmidbox was always left for the wife- to

fill. The chores were never done until

after dark, for no one was ever assigned

a certain task and taught to do it

promptly and thoroughly. Everyone

Worked all the time, because no one ever

thought it possible to hustle through a.

task and turn to another. or perhaps

have. time to play. “‘Dawdling” was the

motto in this home. if not expressed, at

,ieasi cxcmplificd. “'ben the “step live-

lll’” neighbor paid Off the mortgage on

'his home and started in saving to build

a new house, the- daiwdlem asked for more

time on his debt. He spent his life t‘ry-

ring to keep up with tho intcrcst', not

becuuHc he wasn‘t patient and plodding,

,but lwcause he didn't know how to

’ hustle.



lluslling alone doesn’t get you to your

goal any quickcr than patient waiting:'

and plmldii;r for activity misdirected is

as bad as doing nothing at ul]. You‘ve

all seen men who were continually bust-

ling: about without accomplishing any-

thing, just like a fly in a bottle. You

must know how to hustle. you must have

the ability 'to think quickly, judge quick-

ly and wisely, decide how this act will

affect tomorrow’s work, how that unwise

thing may be soonest and best rectified.





 





 





, h

RIDE" AGENTS girlytvnérfirg YOU mugt the foresight and hindsight,





t'act, perseverance and patience, combined

with the ability to move quickly if you





DoNoIWlil;wrltc¢oday{otourrters‘alofl'en O are to know hOlV to hustle While you





wait.



I have- always contended that you can

get anything in this world you start

after if you only know how. You must

fix your goal, and make everything else

bend to that one thing. And that is why

so many fall. There are so many other

distractions, SO many other things .WG

want 'to do today a little bit more- than

we want that thingin the future.





Do You Make Things Come to You?





we simply can’t get along without, and

away goes our piano money. So it is

with everything we aim to do. “’9. can

do it, if we really want to do it a little

bit more than anything else, whether it

is buying more land, paying off the mort-

gage, going away to school or only get-

ting new curtains for the parlor. ‘Vhere

more is the desire. it can be gratified,

if you know how to hustle while you

wait.

DEBORAH.





A WOMAN FARMER’S OPINIONS.





 





Of the many avocations, cullings or

professions in which women may now

engage, farming stands pre-cminent.

This; is especially true in the state of

Michigan. where fertility of soil, climatic

conditions, and a healthy, intelligent in-

terest in agriculture as a science, pre-

vai'ls. Old Mother Earth has been good

to her sons and daughters in this state.

After one has graduated from a University

of Hard Knocks and'taken a post-grad-

uate course in the school of \Vide Expe-

rience, The Michigan Farmer is a boon

to those who would peruse its columns

for information along agricultural lines.

“'ith so trustworthy a guide, and with





And above all things else it is essential

that you be mistress in your own home.

Your farm, be it large or small, is the

index of character, and if you would

make it the index of your character, it is

essential that yours be the dominant note

in the management. The hired man too

often tries to “run_ the show,” forgetting

for the time being that he was hired to

do your work as you wish it done. He

may be able -to give valuable information

on farm matters. but when he seeks to

dominate, it is better for your peace of





mind that you give him his “walking





ticket.”



Your farm .is yours to develop into your

conception of your ideal farm. And if

yours would be a high ideal you will

listen with due respect to those who have

made good in this line, which offers splen—

did opportunities to women who must

earn their own living.



DlET.—-No. 6.





A Dinner Menu.





How to supply the needed proteins

without‘buyiug fresh meat every day is

a problem that cvery woman should try

'to solve these duys. The City dweller

feels the pinch of high prices and, if she

has the right idea of her duties as a,

wife, is trying in every way to make the

income meet the needs and leave a mar-





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





the laudable ambition on our part to

understand the why and wherefore of

things, farming offers women :in inde-

pendence which is its own reward. There

may be other CzllllllgS more rcmuueraiivc,

but there: are none more healthy. Here

-the scientist finds an endless series of

problems, which challenge his highest

skill. Here the botanist and bu'g'ologist

may revel to thcir heart's content. And

the Student of nature will here find

knowledge and be content.



To feel that you are the owner of a

fcw acres of land, laud rich in latent pos—

sibilities, and that you possess the key

with which to unlock the wealth of grain,

of fruit and of flower; to feel that you

hold the magic wand with which to trans-

mute- a wilderness, rough and crude and

wild, into the» Charming home, with its

beautiful gardens, its waving fields of

golden harvest, and groves in which the

winged wai'bler sings his merry lay, is

to feel that you hold a place among the

truly great.



Let it not be thought. however, that

farming is all sunshine. There are shades





and shadows and sometimes darkening

gloom.

you understand farming, the analysis of

soils, the why and wherefore of rotation,

the pruning of trees, the

Per- stock, the comparative values of different





To be successful requires that





feeding of





haps we’Ve started out to save money ra'tions and the thousand and one things

for a piano. We see a dress or a. suit with which we have to do.





\





gin. Meat is one of the things that puts

up the bills and her task is to get along

with as little as possible. The country

woman can not get to the markets, and

she is tempted to make up the luck of

meats by a supply of cakes, cookies, pies

and sauces. This is a mistake for the

body needs the proteins that are so eas-

ily supplied by meat.



The following menus are given with the

idea of suggesting ways for each woman

to study out llGd‘ own family’s need. Ev-

ery farm house bus salt pork, and nearly

every one has ham, or could have it by

putting forth a little effort. Milk is usu-

ally; plentiful, and if eggs were stored,

during the days of plenty, they Should

be. Peas and bezms can be raised, and

the cellar stocked with winter vegetables

as squash, parsnips, beets, carrots, on-

ions, turnips and the like. These foods

are much easier prepared than baked

goods, and are fur better for the health

than a steady diet of starches, unrellieved

by vegetables with the valuable salts

they contain.



The following menu is easily prepared

and the average farm house contains ev-

erything called for:





Pea Soup

Salt Pork Mashed Potatoes

Milk Gravy

Baked Squash Creamed Parsnlps





Pumpkin Pie Cheese





Coffee '





 





 





 





u... w.,w,, memanMm T,.r‘~;m‘ »« 4- w.~ “may" “W _, , :3..."





 





,2

l

l
.fiour used in the crust,





 





 





JAN. 18, 1913.





THE-MICHIGAN FARMER





 





AtWater gives the following analyses





‘of these foods:





Water. ' Pro. Fat Car. Ash

Pea soup . . . .869 3.6 0.7 7.6 1.2

Salt pork . . .16.2 , 1.9 86.2 .. . 3.9

Milk . . . ..... 87.0 3.3 . 4.0 5.0 0.7

Bread . .. ..... 35.0 9.1 1.6 53.0 1.0

Parsnips . . . .83.0 1.6 0.5 13.5 1.4

Pot'atoes . . . . .75.1 2.1 3.0 17.8 1.5

Squash . . . . 1. 4 0.5 9.0 0.8

Che eese ...... 31. 6 28‘ 8 35. 9 0. 3 3.4





No analysis is given for pumpkin pe.





but the pumpkin and eggs contain:

Water. Pro. Fat. Car. Ash

' ....46.5 0.5 0.1 2.6 0.3

Eggs ........ 73.2 14.0 12.0 0.8

8This even with the five per cent of





carbohydrates in the milk, makes a food

deficient in carbohydrates, but this de-

ficiency is supplied by the sugar and the

though, again,

the shortening used in the crust brings





.up the percentage of fats.





A study of the tables will show that

the menu is fairly well-balanced. The

pork and cheese are rich in fat, but only

a small piece of cheese will be taken,

and the members of the family who are

not outdoors or at hard work will eat but

little of the fat part of the pork. Milk

is present in the mashed potatoes. the

gravy, the parsnips and pie, and supplies

a fair percentage of the protein, while

the cheeSe and bread are both rich in

this principle.



Such a dinner may take a few minutes

longer to prepare at the time. than one

where pork, potatoes with the clear pork

gravy, bread and butter, pie, cake, dough-

nuts or cookies form the bill of fare. But

the vegetables do not really take so

much labor to prepare as the baking of

cookies cakes and doughnuts require

And the needs of the body are better

supplied by the “dinner of heibs” and

milk than by the dinner made up largely

of pastry. A great deal of the indiges-

tion and constipation from which so many

suffer is due to the fact that not enough

vegetables and fruits are eaten.



A little thought given to the subject

will pay the homekeeper, not only in the

increased health and temper of her fam—

ily, but by opening up to her a, fasci-

nating field of study.





THE HOME HOSPITAL.





 





BY mum RICHMOND.



As every home. no matter how well

regulated, is bound to have some caSes

of illness, it is well to do a little plan-

ning as to how to manage when it

comes. One good lady said serenely that

she never crossed the bridge until she

came to it, but in her case the bridge

was not there when she came to the

place where it should have been. Noth-

ing, not even the slightest preparations,

had ever been made for emergencies, and

the patient suffered accordingly. It isn’t

borrowing trouble, nor even a sign that

trouble will come, to have a few things

in readiness in case of sickness. It isn't

necessary to have a room set apart for

illness, tho-ugh where there are many little

children such an apartment is very c0n¢

venient, but it is a good plan to have a

general idea of what to do when a home

hospital is necessary.



The guest chamber, if the house affords

one, is a very good room to use for the

home hospital, provided. of course, that

it is not a dark little room tucked away

from the sunlight and fresh ir. The par-

lor, where there is the old-fashioned habit

of taking the best and sunniest room in

the house for this almost useless apart-

ment, will do very nicely for the pa-

t'en-t, or any light airy room not too

close to the kitchen, and not too hard for

the mother of the family to get to from

her work, since in these days of no d0-

mcstic helpers the mother often must be

nurse and housemaid combined.



For the sake of cleanlineSs it is always

best to have no carpet on the floor of

the room taken for the hospital. For

this reason the parlor is peculiarly fitted

for this purpose, as nearly all up-to-date

housewives have hardwood floors in the

best rOOms with rugs, or at least a paint-

ed border and a rug. It is very easy to

roll up the expensive rug and put it away

while the room must be used for the

patient, thus insuring clean air and also

saving the rug from the many accidents

sure to happen where someone is ill. A

few small rugs should be placed here and

there to deaden the noise and make the

room more home—like, and these may be

taken out of doors to the clothes line

and well beaten to free them from dust

where it would be out of the question to

clen a large one every day. {the bare

floor may then be easily and quickly

cleansed with a damp mop. not a wet one,

and the rugs brought in fresh and clean.



Ir. like manner the lace curtains and

other draperies may be disposed of while

the room is a. hospital. If curtains. must





     





be used they can be of cheap, easily

washed goods and saved for just this

purpose. Many a time a disease has de-

veioped into something contagious, that

required the burning of all articles, par-

ticularly draperies, used in the Sickroom,

and if a little precaution had been taken

the loss would have been slight. Every

housekeeper knows that Sun and wind

play havoc with fine curtains, ’and as

sunshine is absolutely necessary in every

sickroom, the curtains or the patient suf-

fer. unlesg cheap, simple ones are used.

All ornaments and dus-t-catching‘bric-a-

brac must be removed if a sanitary con-

dition is desired. and nothing allowed to

interfere with the presence of pure, fresh

air every hour of the 24. It is much eas-

ier, anyway, to Wait on a sick person in

a room free from clutter, than to have to

move about with caution for fear of up-

setting something.



An iron bed is a. fine thing in sick-

ness, and there are various other things

very desirable for any patient. A com-

mode may be improvised by means of a

slop jar under an old chair, a bedside

table out of a sewing stand, a screen

to keep off draughts by throwing aheavy

blanket over 'an old-fashioned three-pan-

el clothes rack and various other de-

vices procured to add to the comfort of

patient and nurse without spending a

penny. Just a little forethought before

sickness comes will make many handy

articles for the home hospital. A rubber

sheet may be made out of a few yards

of table oil cloth, and this saves many





dollars in protecting the mattress. Of,





course, as soon as all danger of spoiling

the bed is past the rubber sheet should

be removed, as it makes the patient's

back warm and uncomfortable, but often

an old cotton pad may be placed over it

to avoid this.



A bed pan, a medicine dropper, plenty

of old soft white cloths, an easy chair

and small things, such as glasses, spoons

and cuspidor, should be in every home

ready for instant use. Never, never tear

up old sheets for carpet rags or discard

pieces of worn blankets. For use in the

home hospital they are invaluable, and

save the good bedding wonderfully. The

fringe of a crocheted shawl wil-l irritate

and annoy a patient beyond measure by

knocking down small articles, but a piece

of an old blanket folded snugly about

like a shawl is an ideal sickroom wrap.

The things that seem trivial to a well

person look like mountains to an irritable,

tired patient, so the least ornamental,

most serviceable articles should be used.

Fancy nightgowns and all stiarchy gar-

ments should be discarded and every-

thing be comfortable. Then the home

hospital will be worthy the name and

the patient soon be dismissed.



THE BEST WAY TO MEND TABLE



LINEN.





 





 





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.



If the thin places are darned before

holes make their appearance the useful-

ness of any piece of table linen will be

materially lengthened.



Instead of using ordinary spool cotton

for this purpose take ravelings from old

pieces of similar linen. If carefully drawn

out they answer as well as new threads.

01' the trimmings left when straightening

theends in hemming new pieces may be

saved for this purpose. A roll of these

will be found convenient and the threads

are stronger.



It is not necessary to take great pains

in this work. Ordinary back and forth

stitches will not show in the least after

the piece has been laundered. Should the

mending process be neglected until a hole

actually appears a darn still is better

than a patch for a small place. Run the

threads both ways as in darning stock-

ings. Embroidery hoops are helpful when

the place is worn entirely through as

they keep the goods straight.’



Fine table linen deserves the best of

care. It is too expensive to be treated

in any other manner. Considering the

wear there is in the better grades it is

not an extravagance for a family of ordi-

nary means to possess them. It is. how-

ever inexcusable to permit fine tablecloths

and napkins to become stained or torn.

The stains will yield to proper treatment

before they become set and rents are

easily preven-tible by exercising precau-

tion when handling them on. wash day.

A bad tear is Sometimes made in remov-

ing from the line in freezing weather,

when the spot under the pin refuses to

be released.



Linen towels as well as table linen, are

kept in use much longer by resorting to

darning over the thin spots. This work

requires but, a few moments and is well

worth while even an the kitchen towdla





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





19—75

. r. Ts? ‘

.__.. O r. f . ‘

"Q— l I

I\\ "' '":':-.JAN'TY

ft?)\\

L 1 Q7L‘f

Win





Anty Drudge Heats Good News





Anty Drudge—“Good morning, Mrs. Progress. What is

the news today?”



Mrs. Progress—“Oh, Anty Drudge, I am so glad to see

you. I just have a letter from Mary, and she is de-

lighted with the Agricultural College. She says she

has learned about so many new things, and the best

of all is Fels-Naptha Soap. I’ll have to write and tell

her I use it, too; I’m so glad you told me about it."





 





Incubators for hatching chickens,

brooders for raising them, patent churns,

fireless cookers—what a long way we have

come since our parents’ and grandparents’

time! But these days there are lots of ways

in which work can be made easier for women.



Fels—Naptha Soap saves more time and

strength for more women than any other one

way. If women would use Fcls-Naptha Soap

to do their washing, they would get rid of the

most disagreeable and tiresome part of it; they

wouldn’t have to boil their clothes, thus do-

ing away with a hot fire. F cls-N aptha Soap





works best in cool or lukewarm water.

Grocers and general stores sell F els-Naptha. Made in Philadelphia





 





 

 





III III IIIIIIIII"





ullI

For





III"





Old Dutch Cleanser dissolves the

greasy, dirty accumulations where the wear

and contact comes. It gets under the unclean-

liness on hold-backs, traces and collar, and

washes it away. Mildewed spots quickly disappear

without tiresome rubbing.





Old Dutch Cleanser shortens and lightens all the

cleaning tasks in the barn and carriage house. Try

it on the carriage top, the grain bins and feed boxes.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

   





 





 

   

   

 





 





 





 

 





Direction

on Large



Siftet Can——

10c.
767-20 THE MICHIG





Would 3 Sure

and Steady Income

Interest You ?





Would you be willing to work hard for a few years to have it?





You have read of the splendid apple crops of the Pecos Valley

of New Mexico and Texas. You have seen reports of the large

profits. You know the results that can be secured by intelligent

effort. You know these things, but have you ever sat down to

analyze the advantages offered by the Pecos Valley?





 





Do you realize that most of the apples used in Texas come

from this valley? Do you know that there are 4,000,000 peOple

in Texas, all apple-hungry and willing to pay well for good fruit?

Do you know that the Pecos has the nearest apple orchards?





Do you know that the Pecos Valley has a particularly favor-

able climate and soil for apple-growing? It is the nearest apple-

growing country, and other apple sections are practically shut out

of Texas by the long hauls and expense of transportation.





Do you know that the Pecos Valley has numerous irrigation

projects, also artesian wells and abundant underground water,

easily available by pumps?





 





The rich soil of the Pecos Valley responds generously and

quickly to irrigation. The splendid climate and abundant sun—

shine put color and flavor into all crops.





You are not dependent on apples, alone; not using the little foresight, energy and

SWeet potatoes, cantaloupes, pears and hard work that will ultimately make you

peaches are, good money-malu'rs, and truck the possessor of :11] irrigated apple orchard

farming PHYS W0“. t00~ but “Wt “it” ill" in the Pecos Valley and all the prosperity

ples comes alfalfa. The bright, pea-green that means?

alfalfa of the l’ecos Valley is in special

demand and is an easy and profitable crop

to grow while the orchard is developing.



Do you know that splendid land, ready

for the plow, with water developed, can be

bought. for $77) an acre and up, on long

time, with low interest?



Are you willing to let this opportunity

slip by you? Is there any good reason for





You will find there now—«good schools,

good roads and many thriving little cities

more enterprising and better consumers than

larger communities in older sections. You’ll

get a hearty welcome and won’t be lone-

some, because orchard homes make close

neighbors and the resulting social activity

due to common interests.





Write for Pecos Valley folder—it’s free—and get the whole story.

(1. L. Seagraves, General Colonization Agent,

Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway,

2295 Railway Exchange, Chicago





N. B.—Homeseekers’ Excursions are run twice a month. I will





be glad to tell you about the trains and fares.





Th H I St <1 G ' d



o

e 66 that an S the rm . g

0 0 '

They fit your shoe at heel and toe. They are not clumsy or heavy yet stand long. I.



. ard wear—more than other rubbers. They are no ordinary rubber. The weak place 't

111 eyery rubber IS the heel. Examine closely the protected toe, the Extra strong and

fortified heels—pomts where the hard “rub " strikes. Heels have a. 3—ply

duck heel-plug and extra layers of rubber on outside to prevent it breaking out—

{pakmg a balanced rubber. That‘s why they‘re rightly named .

Top-Notch Bram ", made and guaranteed under their famous .¢\'





"Cross" trade mark the





k mlcnon

When you find that "Cross" moulded in the ,f w'

instep—rest easy—behind it is quality—- a

and the extreme of wear for your ‘

money. Inside—outside-right.

side-wrong side-the “Cross" ' ~

guarantees a rubber of reliance. H U h I H '

NIOBE—A Storm Rubber. Pure Gum. Brown Lining. A dainty

piece of Women’s wet weather apparel. CUPlD—Same as

Niobe but low out. Get them at your dealer‘s- If he hasn't

them, send his name and we‘llsee that you are ,'

supplied. Send for free booklet 12 ’

Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co. .

BEACON FALLS. CONN. l'

New York: l06 Duane Street .





' l..- Ch‘ B o

/ / 307 w.'ii‘4“§nm St. 24: c3322.. 8:.





w w v w W W w

--o-o-0-0-o---OO'¢'-O

Bog





marll'fl Game;

REPEA TING ‘ RIFLES





The Special Smokeless Steel barrel, rifled deep on the

and system, creates perfect combustion, develops

highest «velocity and hurls the bullet with utmost

accuracy and mightiest killing impact.

The mechanism is direct-acting, strong, simple and perfectly adjusted.

It never clogs. be protecting wall of solid steel between your head and

cartridge kee 3 rain. sleet. snow and all foreign matter from getting into

the action. he aide ejection throw. uhella away from line 05 sigh!

allows instant repeat that: always. New .33-caliber now ready.

Built in rfect 'on thro bout, in man hi '

. q ' Endlmgmpgzvmeduk ”:5... .- ice in ‘h PW" "we“ all





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 





/’,





 





ii\_//

7/

I-





, ,/





 

 

   

 

   





- ‘/’/"l

’3‘





’5’





   

   

   





“moan"





 





 

 





 





   





 





AN FARMER





A tiny hole made by catching on a nail

can be darned in a few minutes, neglect-

ed it soon becomes larger and in a few

weeks the! article is too badly worn for

furthetr uSe. This is one way of keeping

expenses down. Take care of the little

things. A mended spot hardly shows if

neatly done, especially. in a fabric like

linen, which has a slack twisted thread.

But it must be remembered that darning

shculd always be attempted with a sim-

ilar thread, that is, linen on linen, cot-

ton on cottOn.



On dr'ess goods nothing is so satisfac-

tory for mending a rent as threads of the

fabric itself. These lose themselves in

the. weave of the goods and are scarcely

perceptible after the place has been

pressed. ‘



The wise housewife is careful in little

things and does not despise even so

trifling an item of the household expense

as a kitchen towel.





 





FURNACE COOKING.

Iiv' MAE Y. MAHAFF‘Y.



Furnaces found in most modern houses

may be ,made to do satisfactory selrvice

in cooking numerous dishes, thus saving

the. additional fuel the stove, would con-

sume. A majority of furnaces will ac-

commodate a fair-sized kettle or earthen

jar on the ledge between the door and

the firebox. \Vhen an unusually hot fire

is needed it will be necessary to shut off

the heat from this compartment in a

measure, by placing a piece of sheet

iron or asbestos between the fire and the

vessel. This should be slightly curved so

that it win not fit tightly at the sides,

but will permit the. heat to enter in a les-

sened degree.



l’otatOes and squash are readily baked,

and beans, cabbage, turnips, apple sauce,

scalloped potatoes, corn, etc., oatmeal or

rice in double boilers, and pot roasts

may be cooked thus, being covered close-1y

except such as need browning a hit an

the last. They usually require a. little

more water than wnen cooked on a stove,

but this depends largely on the heat and

must be regulated by individual experi—

ence. The chief difficulty is in handling

the vessels, which become very hot. A

tray to slide them on and thick holders

should always be provided.



Anyone who is handy with tools can

fasten a long handle to the broiler and

turn out delicious broiled steak when the

fuel has burned to a bed of glowing coals.





 





 





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editorz—How do you make

a llaxsced poultice?~llomc Nurse,



Put the seed in a clean bowl and pour

on boiling water until it is thick enough

to spread. Then spread a half—inch deep

on clean muslin and fold the edges over,

so it can not run out.



Household Editorz—How do you make

cocoa?—Mae M.



Scald one pint of milk in a double





 





 





‘1'. . ~ . “a 0‘ hr 0 ."

t gimammsmmusmr 12%in W





 





boiler. Mix two tablespoonfuls, level, of

cocoa and two of sugar and stir into a

pint of boiling water. Let boitl five min-

utes, then turn into the scalded milk and

beat with an egg beater five minutes

while still cooking in the double boiler.

This is delicious served with whipped

cream.





Household Editor:—l have always want-

ed my son to go to college. but now that

he. is old enough he absolutely refuses to

go. I 'let him stay out this fall and hop-





. ed to get him to start in the winter, but





he doesn’t want to. \Vhat would you

dvise?—~Br0kenhearted Mother.





There is an old saying, “you can drive

a horse to water but you can’t make: him

drink.” You might drive your boy to

college but you couldn’t make him get

anything out of it after he got‘ there. If

he doesn’t want to go. by all means don’t

send him. I? would be simply a waste of

money, not to mention four years of his

life. Personally, I believe that the col—

loge-trained man is best fitted to meet

the world, but if you can’t interest a boy

in school sufficiently to get him to want

to go it is a. mistake to force him. He

will be very likely to “jump classes.”

cheat in examinations, prove a nuisance

to the faculty and learn more bad habits

than he will good. If he doesn’t want

to go to college, find out what work he

wants to take up and set him at it.



Household Editorz—Do you really think

it is necessary to know about food prin-

ciples and balanced rations? Our moth-

ers never heard of such things and they

brought up their families all right—Old

Cook.



I think the more you know about any

Subject the better fitted you are to do

your work well. Our mothers did not

know anything about cream separators

and power washing machines and tele-

phones and electric lights, but we do not

think that is a. good reason for us not to





l.’ ‘





JAN. 18, .1913.





make use of them. While you may feed

your family right and not know a protein

from a prairie dog, you are better fitted

to feed your family those things which

make for good health and perfect devel-

opment if you do understand the princi-

ples of scientific feeding. No sttoek breed-

er would think of running a stock farm

without some idea of a balanced rat-ion.

Are we not as good, at least, as our

cattle?





Household Editorz—Is it necessary to

feed a baby regularly? My mother laughs

at me for feeding my baby “by the

clock.’ She says when we were babies

she fed us whenever we were hungry.—

Young Mother.





10 is just as necessary to feed a baby

regularly as it is to eat regularly your-

self. You know that the person who is

constantly eating between meals is bound

to have indigestion sooner or later, and

so will your baby if there is no system

about the, time of feeding. A baby can

not take so much as a grown person, so

must be fed oftener, but there should be

regular intervals between feedings, at

first two hours, and longer as the child

grows older and can take more at a time.

Do not make a sudden jump from two

hours to three, but lengthen the time

gradually, five minutes a day as baby be-

gins to eat more.





Household Editorz—Is there any way

to get woolen which has been 'badly

shrunken, back to its right size?—Molly.



“’ill someone who has tried tell her

experience? ‘





HOW TO MAKE PEANUT BUTTER.



Circular 98 of the Bureau of Plant In-

duStry, Department of Agriculture says:

The growing popularity of peanut but-

ter as a food has led to many inquiries

regarding the methods employed in its

manufacture. Peanut butter is in real-

ity a very Simple preparation, consisting

merely of fresh-roasted peanuts ground

finely and salted to suit the taste.

Peanut butter was first manufactured

and offered for sale as a food for in—

valids. It s00n outgrew this condition

of limited use, and its development on a

commercial scale has been a general pro-

duct. It was never intended that this

product should be used as: a substitute

for or a competitor of butter, but as a

luncheon delicacy and to add variety to

the diet. Peanut butter is a wholesome

and nutritious food product and has be-

come a popular article upon our mar-

kets. Last year one manufacturer used

over 130 cars of shelled peanuts in the

production of 6.000.000 small jars of this

food. The total consumption of peanuts

for the- manufacture of peanut butter

alone amounted during the year 1911 to

approximately 1,000 ears of shelled goods,

or 1,000,000 bushels.





QUILT PATTERNS. ‘.





Household Editorz—I am sending two

quilt patterns for Mrs. G. S. Each should

be pieced in two colors only and set to-





 





 





 





 





 





 





gether with strips. Number two should

be set together diagonally, bringing half-

blocks around edge of quilt.



W111 you please publish some- patterns

for tabtlng?—Mrs. W. M. H.





 





 





 





 





 





 





~.——u-.

'7

fi
a , »mw):s«». “-





 





 





-_.-

~s~





 





 





 





JAN. 18. 1913.





Mr. Jeffries got 93





bu. of corn per acre





on a tract of land near Clarendon,

Ark. Of course, that’s some yield;

but taking seasons as they come,

you could raise as much corn down

there on $20 land as you can on



. the best corn

Iii lands of Iowa

Ir or Illinois.





 





ill ‘

l i) 11 ' .

‘ . i, 1 4 g, . “‘1‘ it [Frank Tate': com

/ 7 , . . i ii,

I .W \r‘ if ”flu-”ii?“ W, Camden,ArIz.I

.d\ l r V or . '1‘“ o “"1?





Take the case of

Chas. E. Cri ger

o f Blythevrlle.

His 200 acres,

ready f o r t h e

. . ~- ‘ plow, stood him

'. only $3000. “Now I am

W" getting 50 bu. of corn per



acre regularly,” says Mr. Crigger.

Last year my crops brought me $10,400. ”

You could get twice as much profit from

land that cost half as much —along the





Cotton Belt Route

in Arkansas and Texas





-- besides cutting your winter expenses 'way

down, on account of the milder climate.





Frank Tate. near Camden. Ark., told me he

made 63 bu. of corn per acre. Mr. Tilson,

who owns a Red River Valley farm in East

Texas, says his section has theirrigated lands

northwest beat a mile for alfalfa. He is get-

ting 350 per acre from alfalfa on his low-

priced land—with no need for irrigation.





These lands won't stay cheap always. They

have already doubled in value since 1905; but

even this year you can buy at $12 to $25 per

acre, as good land there as you are farming

now. And you'd have every advantage of

schools. churches.close neighborsgood local

markets. phones. rural free delivery, etc.

This proposition deserves serious thought.





Oh the 1st and 8rd Tuesdays of each month

there are low round trip excursions to

Arkansas and Texas via Cotton Belt

Route. allowing 25 days’ time and free

stopovers. Go on the next one.





Get our free books!





Written by a farm man who knows farming

from A to Z. He traveled over thousands of

miles in these sections to learn where the real

farm opportunities were-the kind he knew

you would grasp it you saw them. He tells

you, in plain words, all about them. 100 pages

and farm pictures. Send a pos-

tal today for your free copies.





E; W. LeBEAUME

General Passenger Agent

1473 Pieree Bldg" St. Louis





 

 

 

   





 





 

 





prevent damage to eggs. garden truck. fruits. live stock

on road to market. Make any wagon a spring wagon. Soon

save cost—produce brings bigger prices—wagon lasts

longer—horses benefited—thousands in use—“my wagon

( rides like auto" says one. Get a palrat dealers. ..

‘ If not at dealer's write us. Insist on Harvey's. "

40 sizes—fit any wagon—sustain any load to i

10,000 lbs. Catalog and fistful of proofs free.





   





 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





   





 

 





/ . 1:25. :7' \-

‘ GUARANTEED





FREE AUTOMOBILE





who qualify. Ride

To Students around taking or-

ders in "Coey Flyer"—-6 cylinder—5

passenger car. We teach you to make

big money in automo-

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lessons—free model—

no experience necea

nary. First lesson

FREE to everyone

answering this





C. A. Coey’s

School of Motoring

Dept. his an Av

1484-1420 Mic 2 .

CHICAGO, ILL.





Godarllapids Speed Governor





$3.00 more butter

from each cow per year when

separator is operated by

our Governor. Ask your

dealer or write direct to

Coder Rapids reundry



8- Machine 60..

Cedar Rapids, - Iowa.





06030875





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





Government farmers Wanted}, n.1,,





Free Living Quarters. Write Ozment. 17 F. St. uis,





THE MICHIGAN. FARMER





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.’





(Continued from page 68).



After lengthy hearings the war depart-

ment has denied the petition of Chicago

for permission to divert from Lake Mich-

igan 10,000 cubic feet of water a second

instead of the 4,167 at present author-

ized. The war department also recog-

nizes the right of Canada to protest

against the diverting of this water

through the Mississippi river because of

the effect it will have on the shipping of

the boundary waterway.



A New York city tax commission has

Suggested the taxing of billboards as a

means of raising revenue for the city.



Postmaster—General Hitchcock is asking

Congress to provide a different basis of

computing payment to railways for trans-

porting mail. He has asked that the law

be changed so as to substitute space

measurement as a means of determining

payment for actual weig..ing of the ma-

terial handled. This change is being

asked largely because of the establish-

ment of parcels post service. .



A census of the 17 state institutions of

Indiana under the Supervision of the

Board of State Charities, shows that the

state is boar-ding 12,448 inmates, the av-

erage daily attendance for the year be-

ing 11.263. The same report showa that

2,012 oificers and employes have been en-

gaged in caring for the institutions and

inmates.



The school buildings of Detroit are in-

adequate to accommodate the children

of the rapidly growing city. *During the

past year the number of school children

have increased over 5,000. When build-

ings under construction are completed

the preser' congested condition will con-

tinue to prevail. The educational board

declares that seven of eight new build-

mgs are needed immediately.



Foreign.



Former President Castro, of Venezuela,

3 still held by the federal authorities at

New York.



French troops won a. victory east of

Magador in southern Morocco against a

large body of Moors. The vanquished

army lost 500 soldiers killed, while the

French reported twelve killed and sixty

wounded.



The steam ship Uranium, bound from

Rotterdam for Halifax and New York,

stranded on a. reef near Chebucto head—

ight station, nine miles below Halifax,

Sunday. Her 880 paSSengers were safely

removed by a government steamer and a

small fleet of harbor craft.



Fire destroyed Burns & Co.’s packing

plant in Calgary, Alberta. The loss is

estimated at $2,000,000 and fear is being

expressed that there will be a shortage

of meat in western. Canada, the storage

plant being the largest of its kind west

of W'inuipeg. Between fifteen and twenty

thousand carcasses were in the plant at

the time.



Saturday and Sunday heavy gales and

snow storms swept over the United King-

dom. Many wrecks of small craft and

coast sihipping vessels have occurred.

The storm was the worst in northern





 





 





England.

Alexandre Millerand, war minister of

the French cabinet, resigned without an-

nouncement January 12, thereby causing

much c0ncern among his political col-

leagues due to the coming election which

occurs On Friday of this week. The ac-

tion of the high official is an outgrowth

of the famous Dreyfus scandal and it is

believed it will have an effect detrimental

to the interest of the party to which the

member belongs.

It practically seems certain that war

will be resumed between Turkey and the

allied forces. The conference at London

has thus far been unable to bring the

parties together and the representatives

are about to withdraw and report to their

respective governments. Should war be

resumed Adrianople will be besieged by

the allied forces, while the Greeks hope

to retain the islands of the Aegean Sea

and Suloniki.

Dr. AlfOnso Costa has succeeded as

president of Portugal. Following his in—

augurution a desperate political riot oc-

curred nt Cezimbra, a place 18 miles

south of Lisbon.



BALANCE OF ACIDS AND BASES.



(Continued from page 67),



have heretofore relied chiefly on the

economy argument to regulate and con-

trol the high protein ration. We now

add the argument of the necessity of

securing in the ration a. considerable ex—

cess of bases over acids, which is a

health consideration and which coupled

with the economical considerations before

mentioned, should make the feeder ex-

ceedingly careful to provide a good bal-

ance in the ration given. In animal nu-

trition this balance may be secured by

feeding larger quantities of clover or al-

falfa hay and by incorporating succulent

feeds into the ration and by keeping the

amount of digestible protein near the

minimum requirement. In the human

dietary this same is accomplished by us—

ing much less quantities of meats and

other direct animal foods and by sub-

stituting in parts such animal products

as milk and the liberal use of fruits of

all kinds together with nearly all the

various edible vegetables. These con-

siderations likewise in the human dietary

necessitate restrictions in the use of

bread. and particularly bread made from

the modern high patent flours which are





and acids does not promote- the excess

of alka-lies which the human dietary de-





 





mands.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





‘ ‘ ann





 

 





I 2.: a





A Planter That

Almost Thinks!





With this Rock Island No. 1 Corn Planter

you can actually change the number of

grains dropped without stopping. without

even moving out of the seat! Can plant extra

kernels where soil is extra rich: plant less

kernels where soil is thin. Gets a lot more

com and wastes no need.



It plants Just as you want. And all

rows straight. regardless of horses' speed.

Instantly changed from edge to flat drop

or back again. Has positive trouble-p

clutch. Special flexible connection to front

frame. Adjustable seat. Adjustable width.

Discs or runners. 30 or 36-inch concave. flat

or open wheels. Now used by 10.000 farmers.

It is no experiment. but time-tried. proven

and guaranteed. Costs no more than com-

monplace

planters.

but worth

alot more.





“rm! Corn Planter





Send postal for latest

Corn Planter Book and

we will tell you

the nearest I

place where

you can see ,

this wonder-

ful planter. '

Free copy of

Prof. Holden's .-



reat book on Corn '

rowin will bein-

oiuded l vou write now.





Rock Island Plow Co.

244A Second Ave. Rock Island. Ill.





 

   

 





Rock Island No.1





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





so peculiarly deficient in mineral matter, .

and in' which the balance between bases ,





 

 





Does toughest job of tool grinding in a few

minutes without hard work. This wonderful

tool grinder with its rapid Dimo-Grif (ar-

P5... tlflclal diamond) Sharpening Wheels

l; a make 3000 revolutions aminute. No

. « fin” cooling bywator or danger of drawing

.1 - tern er. bharpens everything from a.

Jack nife to a. plow point.

LUTHER DIMO-GRIT GRINDER

has metal frame, enclosed shaft-drive,

dust-proof bearings. runs easy as sewing

machine. 26 times faster than grindstone, lo

times better than emer . Special attach-

ments such as forge or ii: testor. rip saw,

jig saw, lathe, drill, etc.. furnished. Fully

guaranteed. Send for free book on tool

grinding and liberal free trial offer.





LII‘I'IIER GRINDER 00. 275 Slmhlldx. MIInukeeMll.





CLOVER





Our New, Wonderful Book Entitled

“Glover and How to Grow It”





Thousands of farmers have not been ableto zeta clover "catch"



in the last few years. They have wondered why. Our book

tells you. It is fulluf sl‘llilh moneys; information. Tells you



how to puti n the necessary bacteria that your soil lacks on ac-

count of continual cropping and how the soil is inoculated.



This process provides the necessary bacteria that draw the

nitrogen that you lack. from the air. Send for this book. Why

not starts 90“ QM‘IONYIE campaign on your farm? Clover won-

derfully enriches the soil. We can help you to get a fine stand

of Clover-tell you how to meet your particular suilconditions



No cost or obligation on your part. We spend fortunes to tell

farmers about ‘Nitragin” inoculation. Our book “Clover and

How to Grow It" is “'80 to you though the information it con-

tains is worth hundreds of dollars to farmers. Get the big

8 cash money 8 crops~make your out and corn land yield

double crops. Sand for this new, original free book now.

Bond 10 cents In stn naps to cover postage and handling,





OILLOVIIY anos.-nowrvrnu COMPANY.

. Box 6449. wa'rnnnoo, lowa.





 

 

 

 

   

 





 





 





the same num-





ber of days from



need but started at .



difl'erent in female of



the MOON’S INFLUENCE.



I wont to send every tanner orscsla‘rgeneg a [mag 00"





of the interestins booklet OE AND AGRICUL-

'I: Don't miss reading this, instructive booklet

on the IOON’S INFLUENCE over plantsrowth.

Send your name now and you will be sure

of a copy of a limited edition. ~ \

FRANK ll. GREGORY. Cum Form

. 83 Palm. Iechy, molt.





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





There is a difference between fruit

growing and forestry





“at yet most of the directions for fruit growing are directions

‘4 for producing rapid wood growth only.



This means coming into bearing late and irregular bearing on

account of lack of enough available mineral plant food to raise a

i .v crop of fruit and to set strong fruit buds in the same season.





POTAS





Two ears before the trees are expected to come into bearing the

application of minerals should begin, using 50 to 100

. .1 pounds Murlate of Potash and 100 to 200 pounds of bone, acid

\‘ phosphate or basrc slag per acre.

. _ . . Potash improves the flavor. shipping quality and keeping ‘ ,__

power as well as the ylcld of fruits. ' "‘

VVrlte us for Potash prices and for free books with

formulas and directions.

GERMAN KALI WORKS.

42 Broadway, New York.

\\ Monadnock Block, Chicago. Ill.

Bank a Trust Bldg, Savannah, Ga.

‘/ Whitney Bank Building

New Orleans. La.

-"- Empire Bldg, Atlanta. Ga.





 





Illliil





. [Ill/I





no





...l





i?





/ ' POTASH

_ PAYS

KITSELMAN FENG_E_





(E56? lFF‘rQ‘EC 3?." many?“

$x§fheFaptory e same pr ce





we would make

nimlrect.

'9 3659919.“!





 

 

 

   





 

 





the Dealer or

Jobber. That

is why we can





 

 

   





'. .___-_—» : save you money.

“(“3 032.22%.” Look at th cse

‘. ';- 55“” i very low prices.





 

 





14 CENTS A ROI)

for 26-in. hog fence.

23%0. a rod for 49-in. farm fence.

25%0 arod for Gil-in. poultry fence.

.,..___ $1.55 for 80 rod spool of Ideal

Barbed Wire. Large free Catalo showing 100

styles of Farm, Poultry and awn Fence.





KITSELMAN BROS. Box 218 Munoloflnd.





 





 





 





 





"

n

-_





For all purposes. Direct from factory.

freight prepaid.



.0 Bargain Pnces—lSc per rod up

v . Get our new fence book belore

‘ you buy fence for Horses. Cat-

tle. Sheep. Ho‘s". Poultry, Etc.



' Also Lawn Fence and Gates



. ,~ We save you big mono—give you If heat



. quality. Mail poets! not: forBi‘FenoeBargail-l k



can 49 1'" BROWN FENCE 0 was (10.. CLEVELAND. omo





Steel Fence , U

Posts unpaired; ‘3‘

Strong. Hold any fence. 5

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Strong ends and corners.

indestructible. Cheaper than

wood or cement. Direct to

farmers. Catalog free. s





STEEL POST (10., Kent, Ohio.

. WW?"





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f a

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That‘s the only kin- o ence t

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convincing proof of quality and



sensationalnew low prices.



EMPIRE FENCE

s is sold directirom factory. frel ht

prepaid-23 stylesto choose from— or

"0' allrurposes. Write us apostal nowtorol‘ler.

Book Free land 3 col Post to. 16 n. Inunee st. AdrianJeIcIr.





STRONGEST FENGE MADE





FROM FACTORY DIRECT TO FARM



’ 26-inch Hog Fence,----14c.

41-inch Farm Fence,---216.

48<inch Poultry Fence--22%c.

80-md spoolBarIt Wire, $1.55





“Many styles and heights. Our large Free Catalog

contains fence information you should have.





COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 21 Winchester, Ind.





Setting Post





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Reasons Why You Should





Investigate the SAN Dow





 

 

 





Kerosene Stationary ENGINE





It runs on kerosene (coal oil). gasoline,

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runs in either direction—throttle gov-

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goers—no sprocketsflonly three moving

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0 power-starts easily at 40 degrees below

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back trial. Sizes 2 to 20 H. P.

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which shows how Sendow will be useful

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engine sold In your county. (161)





4;; ‘3 DetroitMetorCu SnppIyCo.

164 Canton Ave.. Detroit, Mich.





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

 





   





 





0"





THE LARGEST AND BEST LINE OF





WELL DRILLING





MAC H I N E RY hgvglggdhcfnakivdfg

it for overZO years. Do not buy until you see





our new Illustrated Catalogue No.14, Send for

it now. It is FREE,





Austin Manufacturing 00., chloego.

PATENTS that my Bass





Facts about szns. Rawanns vnxnons WANTED.

etc.. Bond 100 (postage for Yalua lo book.





R. S. & A. B. LA EY. 89 Washington. D. C. Established 1869
.11.” ‘

din-5.41;:





78—22





THE MICHIGAN‘ FARME‘R





. , JAN. 18, 1918.





 





. -Horses. cattle. sheep. swine and

For sale poultry, Mnearly all breeds. Sires





BREEDEIS’ DIREC'NIY.

CATTLE.





 





h S th WestM hi an Pedigreed Stock

‘Axsg’ 1:“ egvidvggodman. Sec'i y.- reas. .Paw Paw. Mich





Aberdeen-An us.





Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas. B ackbirds AaNnd

Prides. MPOIMN is headed by Egerton W. t GR

HMA bull at the State. West Michigan AEnd

Bay City Fairs of 1912 and the sire of winners at these

Fairs and at THE INTERNATIONAL. Chica o, of

1912. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. lch.





AYRSHIRES‘O“ .1 1...... ...,

breeds: yo uni bulls



and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine 1] pure



bred. Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. Mich





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,

YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.

Incas cumussv 11111111. Saginaw, w. s..M1c11.





I

10 ReQIstered Guernseys

(lows in milk. Bulls and bull calves. Write today

for sale list. G. A. WIGENT. Watervliet, Michlgan





EG. GUERNSEY BULL CALVEB—large improved

Yorkshire hos sows bred of the best breeding.

P111111 cheap. at: EBELS. R. 10. Holland Mich.





BATCH HERD llolSTlilN 1%3‘11$:?”.1gggt





onable prices. HATCH HERD. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





 





 





OLSTEIN Bull ready for service Also bull calves.

H Sired by 30-lb ull, A.R.0. dams. Duroc Jersey

Bears of st breeding. E. R. Cornell Howell. Mich.





FOR SALE





HllLSTEIN GUWS and BULLS.





2 Fine A. R. 0. Cows $400.

1 3-year-old Herd Bull $250. 11 d

1c (1 d u gh for mo t v r .

V1" ihiiu . 9:211? 15mins. old 115% e

1119- lb. record in 7 da1s.





. C .. M ch.

1.... .1151 eases-.1111; . > -





Bigelew’s Holstein Farms





Breedsville, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





f

Ho‘stei n Bu IID0111fkoutzoldgrfiidtdauglilte;





3rd. Sired b1 best son of Pontiac Bulter Boy.

Price only $50 0. D. WOODBURY. Lansing. Mich.





lllOLfiiTEINS—1’1D’11.n 1118.13‘1d‘Z-‘15'312111‘121





W. J. MORGAN. Saginaw, W S" Michigan.





Service Bulls and Bull calves





 





 





 





E





THE NOMID SYSTEM.





 





A Plan for Distributing Farm Products.





Chapter IV.——(Continued).

Delivering on Public Markets.

The- exchange of farm products on pub-

lic markets is awakening new interest

and is Becoming far more popular since

the high cost of living in our cities and

the comparatively low prices paid farm-

ers. for their goods, have become an ac-

knowledged reality. Not only have the

old markets whose histories run back

many years been cleaned up and put in

better shape for receiving the wagons of

farmers as they come from the country,

but new institutions in cities where there

were formerly none have been built. City

people are crowding to these places and

are demanding of their common councils

that improved accommodations be pro-

vided to help them in the battle against

the unreasonable exactions 0f middlemen.

\Vhile these markets come- in opposition

to the interests of the retailers and the

wholesalers of any city, there is not one

moral nor economical reason why they





 





Sired by Johanna Corcorrlla Champion,





Whose sire’s dam and dam’s dam average 34.06

lbs. butter in 7 days. average fat 4.67 % Also cows

and heifers bred to him. I can offer you bulls at

bargain prices. Try me and see, and do it quick.





L. E. CONNELL,

Fayette. - - - Ohio.





1011 SALE—llOLS’l‘ElN BULL. CALF





orn June 5,1912 sire a son of the Kin of the

llgontiacs from a nda1i'ghtoerd of Hengerveld gDe Kol.

Dam of ca'lf.a daughter of Sadie Vale

Ooncordia' 9 Paul n.DeKol her dam a201b. imported cow.

E ..8 LEWIS. Marshall, Mich.





Purebred Registered





'1' H OLSTE IN CATTLE

3" The Greatest Dairy Breed

Send for FREE Illustrated Booklet

Holstein-Frieda. Auo.. Box I“. Bratdeboro.Vt.





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Choice bulls from 11 to 14 mos. old of fashionable

breeding and from dams with official milk and butter

recordsIves for sale at reasonable prices. Also 101mg

bull cav

MOPHEKSON FARMS C0.. Howell. Mlohlgln.





Lillie Farmstead Jerseys

(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. Females for sale at

present. Satisfaction guaranteed.



COLO . . persville. Mich.





FOUR CHOICE A. ll. 0. HOLSlElll BULL tlLVES





i k to one year old. Price $40 to .150. ELLIS

WODOEF$Biookside Farm. Sunfield. Mich. R. F. D. 3.





LL GALVEs—Richest Hengerveld,



Bu 8 l i f DEKoll finlel’iSOIllfglike

d' . oia rces or u1c sae



lfi‘reafinsg Yp‘l’allanti? Mich.. ole Brothers, Owners





EGISTERD Holstein Cattle—Twogcod bull calves



Herd head ed by Hengerveld om Pietertje.



Barred Pl mouth Rock Cockerels

FLOYD .SJONE. F. D.





A new 1211011111 1.118111. Flees? 11111?





GREGORY do BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





 





.Oak Grove. . Mich





_ 1 1, r -

FOR SALE llfiwtfedoggrsetgil'n 811111115: iii (121731312

5. RILEY.





for pedigree. CHAS. etamora. Mich.





—youn bulls out of A. .0

Holstein Frlflllfl Gallic (11.11111 15nd sired by 11 111111 111111

a 31 lb. dam. W. ON.ES Oak Grove, Michigan.





EGISII‘ERED HOLSTEIN BullsZtoBmonths old

RW Worth the kind we have been sellin for 875

now reduced to 850. deli ivered. for 2 weeks on y. Get

pedigree and photo. Hob art W Fay. Mason, Mich





Hereford BullsB For Sale, Also Poland China Hogs.





ABLLEN 1108.. Paw Paw. Michigan.





—Bulls ready for service. bred for

Jersoys production. Also cows Aand 113nm”

Breakwater Farm, R.F. D. No. 7. Arbor,





BUTTER BRED ““5“; ”BEL”





YBTAL SPRING STOCK FARM“

mvegnCreek. Aliem County. Michigan





liairy Shorlhornsmu'“ “mrdf‘n‘fitfifnfifiii;





A re deal to a.l

“-1 ”1d. yam“); “2,2151% ”Iliad 4. Watervliet. Mich.





R Sale.Jere Blills. old enough for service. sired by a grand-

son of 111111.11“er Prince and from cowa that produce

“(05001135. butter annually. A. Newman 111, Mariette, Mich.





 





 





 





should not be multiplied till accommoda—

tions are afforded to handle all such pro-

ducts that will naturally be sold through

them.



The plan of the public market for the

exchange of farm products is admirable.

All the conditions for completing transac-

tions are there present. The buyer and

the seller meet face to face, and the

goods are present that their quality may

be known. A price that is regulated by

the supply of and demand for the pro-

duct, can be agreed upon, payment made

and the goods delivered to the consumer.

There will usually be sufficient products

offered that the buyer may secure the

kinds of products he wishes and the

amounts. These conditions should make

the city market of the future a larger

factor in city commerce than it now is.



Public markets being under the super-

visiOn of some city official, or officials,

become available only by complying with

such requirements as may be» establish-

ed. These the vendor should ascertain

and faithfully comply with. The com—

mon councils of cities having markets

usually authorize the publishing in book-

let form of ordinances relating to the

markets, and the- city clerk will send

copies to those requesting same. ‘A pro-

ducer who wishes to patronize a market

Should provide himself with the ordi-

nances if he can easily, or otherwise in—

form himself as to their provisions.



Those qualities of salesmanship that

serve in every merchantile establishment

are required in the man who wishes to

sell his wares on public markets, i. e.,

if he is seeking the best results from his

enterprise. He should be patient, courte-

ous, progressive and honest. His person-

al habits should be clean and wholesome

and all that is known to belong to him

that comes to the eyes of the patrons ’of

the market should have the appearance

of neatness. In Dassing along the rows of

wagons on a public market one can read-

ily detect those who are good salesmen

and. who have taken pains to have their

wagons and goods attractive, by the





 





 





Farm Com'mcrcce





'—ll|Illll|Illllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll' Ill I|llllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllIll!llllllIlllllillllllllllllllllllIllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lIll|l|lllllll|lillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllél’E





Ellllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllllIll|Illlllllllll||lllllllllllIIllllllll||IIllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllnfi—ll





 





number of patrons who stop to inspect

and inquire about the goods; while on the

other hand the person who is not par-

ticular either about himself, or 'his rig,

scarcely gets any attention, except' on

those days when offerings are few and

buyers plentiful.



A movement that promises much bene-

fit to the citizens of our cities and towns

is the discussion of the establishment of

public markets where car loads of pro-

duce, such as potatoes, apples, cabbage,

vegetables, etc., can be brought and re-

tailed. The scheme has been tried with

such success in an Iowa town and other

small places that the plan is certain to

be gradually adopted by other municipal-

ities. To the farmers the scheme offers

an excellent opportunity for, reaching con-

sumers direct, and the transportation

charges, which the final buyer is always

compelled to pay, will be no more under

the plan than where wholesalers ship in

car “load lots. Civic associations that oc-

casionally give attention to prospective

improvements in ec0nomic affairs, will no

doubt find this proposition and like ones

among the questions that will soon be





 





“Proper Grading and Packing of Fruit Are important Preliminary Steps in Suc-

cessful Marketing.





csthusiastic-aily discussed from the plat-

form and in round—table talks.

By Third Parties.



Many instances could be enumerated

where goods are sent direct to the con-

sumer who lives a thousand miles from

the grower but it is seldom necessary to

go so far for customers. Should one have

friends, however, or wish to establish a

market out of reach of private transpor-

tation, it is possible and practical for

him to send his goods by common car-

riers, i, e., by railroads, express compa-

nies, boats, over electric lines, etc. The

surprise is, after one has learned the

small amount charged by carriers to de-

liver goods to buyers, that more of it is

not done. But the present habit of sel‘l-

ing to middlemen is made to appear so

easy by the latter that other means of

distributing goods are discouraged. Once

tried and the margin in prices between

those paid by the middleman and those

paid by the final consumer understood,

more goods will be shipped by the pro-

ducer and less by middlemen.



Goods should be properly packed where

sent to destination by common carrier.

Boxes, baskets, barrels, bags and crates

are used for this purpose. Potatoes and

vegetables are easily placed in bags or

barrels and made safe for the trip. But

fruit and eggs must be handled carefully.

They will carry without loss if properly

put up. In another chapter definite in-

structions will be given on how t-‘o pack

several of the more important products

entering in a trade of this kind.



Packages should be marked distinctly

with the name and address of the party

to whom the goods are sent. The name

and address of the sender ought also to

be placed on the package so that in the

event of hnything happening to the

goods the sender may be notified. The

character of the shipment ought always

to be stamped on the outside of the con-

tainer where damage may be done by

rough handling. This is especially true

of eggs.



Upon the receipt of goods the consignee





1





should make careful inspection of the

shipment_ to determine if any damage has

been done. If the commOn carrier has

been responsible for damage, complaint

should be made without delay that the

company may have opportlmity to verify

the amOunt and make settlement. We

give in another chapter a discussion of

the liability of common carriers.



In handling perishable goods like fruits

the: keeping qualities will be affected to

a large degree by the exposure the goods

are subjected to before shipment is made.





By maintaining a low temperature around.





the fruit, or Whatever perishable goods

are being shipped, decay will be delayed

and the shipment will reach its destina-

tiOn in better condition. Often fruits are

exposed when lying about the station

waiting for the arrival of a train, or

boat. An hour’s exposure in the hot sun

will do more to break down fruit than





several ‘days' storage in a. cool place. If-





the consignee desires to hold such goods

for any length of time the same precau—

tion shOuld be taken after delivery to

keep the products in a cool place.





Returning Packages.





Express companies seek to encourage

direct handling of produce by returning

crates and other packages for a nominal

sum. The usual charge for the return of

an egg crate to the shipper is 10 cents

regardleSS of the distance. The same

charge is made for the return of crocksr

in which butter is forwarded. \Vhere de-

livery is made at the residence of the

consignee a convenient plan is to return

a crate or crock or whatever package

the goods are sent in, as each succeeding

shipment is made. This arrangement re-

duces trouble to a minimum.





The United States Parcels Post.





The United States now has a parcels

post law. At the last session of the

sixty—second Congress the House and the





Senate agreed upon a measure that was"





signed by the President on August 24,

1912. Tile law became effective on the

first day of January, 1913, and has im-

mediately become popular with both

country and city people. ,



“'hat Products Can be Shipped —The

parcels post law provides for the carry-

ing by the postal service of a 111de range

of products. The act states that here-

after fourth-class; mail matter shall em-

brace all other matter, including farm

and factory products, not now embraced

by law in either the first, second or

third class, not exceeding eleven pounds

in weight, nor greater in size than 72

inches in length and girth combined, nor

in form 01 kind likely to injure the per-

son of any employe or damage the mail

equipment or other main matter and not

of a character perishable within a period

reasonably required for transportation

and delivery. The restrictions made in

the law are such as are necessary for the

safety of the empio1es and the protec-

tion of the equipment, other mail matter

and the general public; for example the

restrictions would prevent the shipping

of explosives, for they may injure the

employes, equipment or other mail mat-

ter. But butter, eggs, flowers, fruit that

will hold up until delivered. nuts factory

products within the limitation specified,

etc, may be forwarded by parcels post.



Parcels Post Zones. —Rates of postage

for parcels post matter will be chalgcd

for according to the weight and distance

from the place where the matter is mail—

ed or posted, and “for the purpose of es—

tablishing the rules from the several

post offices of the country to every other

post office the limited States and its

seVeral territories, excepting the Philip-

pine Islands, shall be divided into units

of area 30 minutes square, identical with

a quarter of the area formed by the in-

tersecting parallels of latitude and merid-

ians of longitude, represented on approp-

riate postal maps or plans. Readers

should refer to toe map published on page

16 0f the Janary 4 issue of the Michigan

Farmer.



First Zone—The first zone shall in-

clude all territory within such quadrangle,

in conjunction with every contiguous

quadrangle, representing an area having

a mean radial distance of approximately

50 miles from the center of any given

unit of area



Second Zone—The second zone shall

include all units of area outside the first

zone lying in whole Or in part within a‘

radius of approximately 150 miles from

the center of a given unit of area.



Third Zone—The third zone shall in-

clude all units outside the second zone

lying in whole or in part within a radius

of approximately 300 miles from the cen-

ter of a given unit of area.



Fourth Zone—The fourth. zone shall





 





.‘x ‘
Law‘uf '. . .





4:: #33“. ~‘v.-. r





..

'f

'1'

'v‘

1





 





 





 





 





       





 





3:? 351‘ s . 3'. .1. “ 54? i '

Jml’aflm‘ ‘ THE MICHIGAN FARMER 23—79

include ' all units 011' area onitside the fraction of a pound and one cent for each 0' L 0. mpwpflgd dill» service hours





third zone lying in Whole- or in part with-

in a radius 101’ approximately 600 miles

from the center of a given unit of area.



Fifth Zone—The fifth zone- sball in-

clude all: units oi? area. outside the fourth

zone lying in whole or in part within a.

radius of approximately 1,000 miles from

the center of a given unit of area.



Sixth Zone—The sixth zone shall in-

clude all units of near outside the fourth

zone lying in. whole or in port within a

radis of approximately 1.400 miles from

the center of a given unit of area.



seventh Zone.—The seventh zone shall

include all units of area. outside the sixth

zone lying in whole or in part within a

radius approximately 1,800 miles from the

center of a. given unit of area.



Eighth Zone—The eighth zone shall in-

clude all units of area outside the seventh

zone.



Parcels Post Rates—The rate of post~

age on fourth-clam matte-r weighing less

than four ounces shall be one cent for

each ounce or fraction of an ounce. On

all matter of this class over four ounces

the rate Shall be calculated by the pound.

On all matter mailed at a post office from

which a rural route starts, fOr delivery

on such route, or mailed on such route

for delivery at any other point thereon,

or at the office from which the route

starts, or on any rural route starting

therefrom, and on all matter mailed at

a city carrier office. or at any point with-

in its delivery limits, for delivery by car—

l‘iers from that office, or at any office for

local delivery, the rate of postage shall

be five cents for the first pound or a





additional pound or fraction of a pound.

For matter that must go through two or

more post offices the- posrtal charges for

the several zones mentioned above. and

for different weights are. as follows:





*Ist 'i‘Each addi-

pound. tionaJ 1b. 11 lbs.

First zone ..... $0. 0.) , $0 .03 $0.35

Second zone ...... .06 .04 .46

Third zone ....... .07 .05 .57

Fourth zone ...... .08 .06 .68

Fifth zone ....... .09 .07 .79

Sixth zone ....... .10 .09 1.00

Seventh zone .11 .10 1.11

Eighth zone ...... .12 .12 1.32

* For any weight ove1 four ounces and





not exceeding 16 ounces; T for each addi-

tional pound or iraction thereof .





Paxcels Post and, Express Rates Com-

pared-*The important question with the

American people now that Congress has

passed this law, is what reduction will

the parcels post rates afford us as com—

pared with the present express rates. In

making a comparison of rates it should

be kept in mind that the parcels post

system offers a more complete system

than do the express companies for

wherever mails are.col‘lected and dis-

tributed the-rc- parcels may be posted and

received. For instance, a farmer may

mail a parcel at his front gate and it

will be delivered at. a residence in the

city: whereas with express shipments the

parcel must be delivered at some central

station, except, of course, in the business

sections of. our larger cities. This addi-

tional service had to be provided for in

tho parcels post rates. The following ta-

ble compares the express rates in exist-

ence in the summer of 1912 in eastern

United- States 'and the parcels post rates:





 





\Veight Limit.





1 lb.



First‘ Zone:



Parcels post ............ 5 8 11



U'xpiess rate ........ . .25 25 25

Second Zone:



Parcels post ........... 6 10 14



Express rate ........... 25 30 30

Third Zone: '1



Parcels post ............ 7 12 17



Express rate ........... 25 30 35

Fourth Zone:



Parcels post ............ 8 14 20



Express rate ........... 25 35 45

Fifth Zone:



Parcels post ............ 9 16 23



Express rate ........... 25 .‘15 45

Sixth Zone: -



Parcels post ............. 10 19 28



Express rate ........... 3 35 45

Seventh Zone:



Parcels post ....... ,. .11 21 31



Express rate ........... 30 35 45

Eighth Zone:



Parcels post ........... 12 24 36





(Numbers. in forlowing table represent ce em:

2 lb. 31 . 41b.





)-

51b. 61b 71b. 81b. 91b. 1011) 1111’).





14 17 20 23 26 29 32 33

30 30 35 35 35 35 '35 35

18 22 26 30 34 38 42 4



35 40 40 40 45 45 45 45

22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57

40 45 50 50 55 55 55 60

26 32 38 44 50 56 62 68

50 55 60 60 7O 70 70 75

30 37 44 51 58 65 72 79

60 70 80 80 90 90 90 100

37 46 55 64 73 82 91 100

00 75 90 100 115 115 115 135

41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111

60 80 90 100 120 125 125 150

48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132





Exprese rates are the same in eighth zone as in the seventh for parcels up to





and including eight pounds;





varies from 10 to 15 cents above thosef





distance.





for pa1cels weighing nine pounds and over the rate

or the seventh zone, depending upon the





 





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





In answer to the question, “Has. wheat





during December suffered injury from

any cause?” 130‘ correspondents in the

state answer “yes” and 293 “no,” and in





answer to the question, “Has the ground

been well covered with snow during De-

cember?” 35 correspondents answer “yes"

and 4011 “no.”



The total number of bushels of wheat

marketed by farmers in December at 91

fiouring mills was 95,299 and at 66 ele-

vators and to grain dealers 58,458 or a

total of 153,757 bushels. Of this amount

91,320 bushels were marketed in the

southern four tiers of counties, 08,565 in

the central- counties and 13,872 in the

northern counties and upper peninsula.



The estimated total number of bushels

«of wheat marketed in the five months,

August-December. was 2,759,000.



Ninety-one mills, elevators and. grain

dealers report no wheat marketed in De—

ce'mber.



The average condition of live stock in

the state is reported as follows, compar~

ison being with stock in good, healthy

and thrifty condition: Horses cattle,

sheep and swine 96. The average prices

Ianuary 1 of some of the- principal farm

products were as follows:



The average price of wheat per bustlel

was 96c; rye 62c; shelled corn 56c and

oats 350. The average price of hay per

ion was $12.60. The average price of fat

cattle was $13.42 'per cwt.; of fat hogs

$6.95 per cwt., and of dressed pork $8.96

per cwt.



The average price of each class of

horses was as follows: Under one year

old $53.52; between one and two years

old $86.36: between two and three years

old $129.26 and. three years old and over

$168.00.



Milch cows were worth $46.85 per head.

Cattle other than milch cows, under one

year old $14.02; between one and two

years old $23.53; between two and three

years old $35.10 and three years old and

over $44.76



Sheep under one year $3.76 and one

year old and over $4.30. Hogs not fat-

tened $6.20 per cwt.



, The prices given are for the state.



The price of wheat is So higher than

one year ago: rye 210; Shelled corn 10c;

oats 12c, and hay $4.172 lower.



The average price of horses, etc, one

year ago was as-follows: Under one year





old $51.72; between one and two years





old $85.85; between two and three years

old $132. 45‘and three years old and over

$162. 49.



Milch cows were wotth $41. 73 per head.

Cattle other than milch cows, under one

year old $12.11; between one and two

years old 920. 56; between two and three





 





\ears old 3.1131. 02 and three years old and





over $39.5





Sheep u131der one year

year old and over $3.75.

tened, $5.08 per cwt.





old $3.24 and one

Hogs not fat-





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.



_ Newaygo C0,, Jon. 6.~\Veather fine and

on] ya little snow. with no cold weather

up to date. Rather dull and not much

doing on the farm. No auction sales

compared with two last year, so far. Lots

of beans in the farmers’ hands yet. A

good many were frosted and are on the

soft order, and some not tit f01- market

are being fed. Some not pulled at-nll.

l’rhes paid by local dealers. Oats 30c;

corn shelled, 60c; 1ye, 50c; eggs: 24C;

butter, 28c; pork, live 6c; dressed 8c;

chickens 9(;

white, $1. 80; potatoes 30c.



Waah’enaw 00., Jan. 8. —The new year

is bringing a little colder weather and

some snow. W'hile the amount was small

the icy rain that preceded it had made

an ideal

have the fiist sleighing of the winter.

Farmers me already taking advantage of

it to do hauling

been a meat saver of feed

going through the winter

(o1idition. The market for meat holds

good and those having stock to sell are

leaping a good- reward as corn, oats and

hay are all cheap. (‘orn in the ear. 25¢

a basket; oats 32@34c: hay $12Ci‘14 This

being a daiiy community a large amount

of ice is used and there is some spec-

ulation as to whether we will get an ice

harvest and when. Whole milk selling

for $1.80 per cwt. on 3% test which nets

the falmer from that price to $2. 25 per

cwt. on the high testers. Hogs mostly

sold at around $7. New milch COWS in

lérsigk demand at prices ranging from $50



Alpena Co., Jan. 8.—VVe have had fine.

mild winter weather with very little

snow but getting colder now. Farmers

have got thei rwork well done up this

year; plowing all done, corn all secure,

nothing to do but visit and do the chores.

Apples were a good crop but the price

was small. Wheat and rye went into the

winter with a good top and root growth-

All kinds of stock look well and there is

an abundance of feed. We had a. very

good crop of grain, but it was a little

damaged with so much rain. Clover seed

is all threshed; yield about three to flour

bushels per acre. Potatoes were good.

Farmers are holding for better price. The

Long- Raplds Grange have quite success-

ful meetings; fine lectures on soil fertil-

ity. Prices paid by local dealers: Wheat

900; oats 40c; dressed pork 90; beef 3@

9c. dressed; hay, $12; potatoes, 35c





and stock





 





' Methods—tells just what you want





11109913110! the practical iarmer.





, Beet Production. Ninth

' Send for your copy at once.

or postage stamps and mention this paper.





' fiver Mannhcming Co” Sara-1.10m





GEAIPWI HAMMER





and





number of

you tap.





cnmmn EVAPO-





     





With the Famous





“evades!





Purl on men or note : stumps eddy. Pu" any

stump In 5 xxlinuztes 01- Dean. Don’t have loafer In ad

when it' s so easy snatches) to pull. the stumps out!

Rake 10007;, profit by usln the Hercules. 01281.00



thefira: year 01:40 acres! 50.00 every year after.

Let us prove it.





 





 





 

   

   





 





   





Low Price and Book Free!





Get the facts. Read our book. Tells what

at! steel. triple power menus. Shows many

features 0! the Hercules. Shows me my photos

and letters from owners. Postal will do.





HERCULES MFG. MANY

1 31 “use. mum





   

   

 





 





264 Page BookOn

Silos and Silage





 





1913 copyrighted edition just off the



press. Most complete work on. this



subject published. Used as textbook



by In any Agricultural Colleges.



Gives the facts about M odern Silage



to know, 264 pages— indexed—over 45 illustra-

tions, a vast amount of useful informatwn boiled

Tells “How to

Make Silage" — 'How to Feed Silage”—“ Howto

Build Silos"—-‘ Silage System and Soil Fertility”

— Silage Crops in Semi- Arid Regidns." All

about Summer Silos” and the Use of S e in

dition now ready.

Enclose 10c in coin





 

 





Thor experience of thousn Mnda proves





THE CHAMPION

the best for quality of

syn , convenience and

dur ility. It will

save you labor. .. time

and fuel". Material

satisfaction

umn teed. Write 1



or catalog stating ‘111 ‘1

trees





 





 





   





 





M708 QOM'PANYO

Hudson f





 





. The Fairfield Stock Farm, Burton, Michigan are 01161:-

1'“ 5 Pucker“ m age 1 54 years,





. 3Syears old next

1‘ quality.





hay $10-@12; beans, red and i





ism cm m mm CAI-MES.





1 Will new spot cash for registered bull and heifer calves.





“ immediate spot cash

bottom for sleighing and we .R‘ 82,





'FOOR SAL





The mild weather has .





in excellent »





lmcproved soCheaters”?°..1.....‘1‘..“ £13332?





 





AUCTION





15 Shorlhom Cows and Bulls, and

25 Oxforddovm Sheep





A1 Pubic Auction on ar helm 1111911151.





Catalog February 15th.

Address I. I. mas-1m», Mbhlacm





REGISTERED PERCIIERIINS FOR SALE.





Pair of brood mares, 5 d. 6yeamold. Stallion. coming

June.Sou11d and right. with size and

L. O. :HUNT & 00. Eaton Rapids, Mich.





Breeders’ Directory—Continued.





 





 





 





 





State number of calves. ages. sex. breeding, and lowest

r L8. Address Advertiser 'Box





cmT TboMIonfeANIARMnn Detroit Mich.





 





POLAND CIIINAS‘M





Prices right.





not akin from State

Fair winners. Avondale. Stock Farm. Wayne, Mich.





O. I. C. SWINE “fii‘ofé’pngfié





Pigs, fire and trim» not akin. ve- a number

of servmo malesA of good tyggfiR Write me describing

ofyour wants. .GORD N.o. 2 Don. Mich.





a ' c. Swine. both sexes. Males weighing 100 00225

lbs- Herd registered. in 0 I. 0. Association.

61110.1’. ANDREWS Dansville. Ingham 00.. Mich





O..IC.Pi





cheap. JOHN BERN



—All ages growthy and large, sows bred.

“0 L cs sMaleo ready. 100170161906 from. Attractive

prices on young stock. H. H. Jump, Munith, Mich.





n “RSI r Ms —Botlx sexes and bred gilt», also

'i e sserviceable registeredl Holstein



bu]; Bargains. RAY PARHAM, Br



0 L C! —A fine lot of last spring stock for 8319,1113

0 s growthy type. either sexhgairs not akin.





onson. Mich

Sired by Grand Champion boar, Scott. Half mile

west of depot. OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville, Mich.





 





 





 





fat-row forM sale





$8M of. September and. Oc-

kSON, Gnnd 1.0mm ich





 





 





 





 





u I. 0. Fall ply. pairs not akin, young sows tolfnrrow

- in March and April. Holstein bull calf sued by

Pontiac Burk 02nd. Fred iWRl Monroe, Mich.





mac-JERSEYS—Fall and Spring boars from

prize- winning strains. Bows

all ages. SPECIAL BARGAIN in summer pi

Breakwater Farm, R. F. D.No. 7.1511111 Arbor, Mic.





“BEE TYPE WMGS‘EfiLfififiiffié’m‘ 3.11“,” $3.13





open fall like of the right sort Let me to” you

about anyé you ma.) be in need of or call at

MAPLE KW FARM. Stockbridge, Mich; him.





 





 





 





—forsale. 20 fine service hours of fancy

Euros 1853813 breediugMand individual qualfl .

Prices reasonable Joli c-Nicoll, Nortk mkfitu, Mic;





11111100 JERSEYS—6 910116 001118 FOR SALE.

lineman.





 





CAREY U. EDMO Mm.





DUROG G I ”threatens





KOPE-KON FARM. Kinder-h ook. Michigan.

WIN S

”U“ Mm S E. Ring anId summer pigs for





_ sale. both sexes. (express. 2')

years experience. J.H .BANQHARIHI‘ pLancing, Mich.





Butler’s Big Bone Poland Chinas.





We- d m 't claim to own all thegood dhogs in the U.

5., but we do claim to have bated. and so d. more big

inpe I’olzmds in the last ten years than any two other

breeders in Micki 3111.11 it.) u want a good fall boar

write .BUT’L ‘11. Portland. Michigan.





 





 





 





“1094M 01m.





col "Mutated more bro-den on the road to an:

thanym manlivinthavetholargestand fin»





3:1: aEbert} in the!) S.Eve1_'y one an early developer,

ready! orthomlrkec at; six months old. I want to-

$300anth community to admin my

rd Writofonm mplan,“Eowto Make Money from

ans.” 0. 8. MJMIN.I.IIO.IO Portland. Huh.





 





 





Both Western and Home~

Either sex, 8.1- 3.381!

W J. HAGELSHAW, Augusta, Mich.





 





rial-t.





POLAND cums-11:11:? 3‘25 211242;. 22:12:





P. RLONG R. No. 8-, Gran





Rapids. M ichim.





 





Spring boars ready for business.





m “In“ Extra good length and bone. Prices





L. W. BARNES SON, Byron. Michigan.





 





‘LARGE styled Poland China sprin





livery.





 





 





—0ne Registered Jersey

Bull two years old





0. E. SESSIONS .1 sons. Iona. Michigan





DAIRY Shorthons-Larn 0 5m Heavy Milken.

Milk records of all cows kept. No stock for sale





 





at! present. ..W Knapp R No4 4.Watervliet Mich.

~1‘wo yearlin heifers for



“a" 878‘ Show sale. Price 00each. Bulls



all sold._ UMMF EL Mason. Michigan,





 





 





 





 





 





and fall piss

era, either sex

Larson Mich.





P. 6 8m, smred for April and May tamw.

Big hme.onIm1fl.a.Also boars

ready for use. Maplewood Stock Form, Alleaan. Mich.





I’. C. 30A“ 1‘” SOW'S‘LEMEI typesired





from strong.





healthy. E.Jguri‘olifie broP1

at low prices.





NEPIVE.





 





 





 





A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline.y Michigan.

P c. BoAns—l erg Itape—sired!) by ygsilflxpaggog

faction guaranteed. B. M.,1LLS Saline. Mich.





 





ARG F TYRE? O. HOGS— —Largest in Mich. Boats

all sold. A few [all pigs. 1110 some extra large

spring gilts to be bred totwo of the best young

been I could in in Iowa. Come or write. Free

INGSTON Par-ma. Michigan.





”LE F001 mes—.11 publiesale. From tonndiau -

Herd. 'Ihe 1popular rize- Winn. tug

kind. J an. E 1913801111 It tells

all. c. L. fEVIs. Box Min-0y. Indiana.

pigs, service boars and





”HUMMS'Efl cows for sale. Best





quality. price right. G. O. KREGLOW, Ada, Ohio.





A: Good A: The Bead—Yorkshires.





bred for s’lhlg' farming. WATERMAN 1!

WATERMAN MeadowLandFam. Ann Arbor, Mich.





 





 





 





 





LARGE Yorkshires—Choice breeding stock. all ages. \

not. akin from State Fair prize-winners. Pedi \

grace furnished. \V.C COOKER IL.” Box 22.Ada. M ck.





 





 





SHEEP.

twig—Yearling and ram lambs from Chain ion





flock of Thumb of Milch. Also select ark

Elmhurst Stock Farm. Albion-t, Mich.





“mom sum "reassess... 11::-

PM”. Qiihiailfflmifi ”1'. SW LEllEE, M1011





shire swine.





 





 





 





flag. llamubuillll Sheep. Pm Bred Maud China





HERON HORSES. 2% miles

E.Morrice.onG.T..BRandM.U U..B.JQ..0ACO





nous.

BERKSHIRiE BOARS





May and: June barrow, Iar .henvy bone. “Sand

820921011. GEO. E LAPH‘ M. 1:. Johns. Michigan.





BERKSHIRES'E’é'g £13193" “Y".Lifi’s‘é‘iéas‘éélf





 





 





Stock olwkguarammed REAV .Akron. Mich.

dun 3!!qu and arm. led

on money to EBARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.





 





De I —'l'WO MARS m 0011

C C ‘

‘ T





Ind. Fan {in ready?l to ship.





moo. Mich.





 





mm" ......





and early fall plain. .0.





EHULEHA PROOF 11068.





I keep from 4000 to 6009 grade Yorkshire and Poland.

China cholera immune hogs and am selling rolifio

brood sows. also shouts weighing from50 mfiolb

at prices that make them desirable on 50cholera! in:

fected farms. Sows weighing more th an 1(1) Il)8.81‘e

supposed to furrow in ril and May I expect to have

several thousand pigs om immune sows and boars

for sale next spring.





ALuu snawu’: P10 mm Grand Rapids, W.

11:55 1911mm: “1115:3591” grasses





Geo. S McMullon. om. Phone. Grand Ledge. Mich.





Lillie Farmstead YURKSHIRES





 





 





ifialendid lot of [31% plan at. reduced ices. air-

Yonx 30:2;m2 :6“ 8* not ”3:11.113.

11 an

“19 C. LILLIE. .Mkh.

=2 j

IEBRE'IB.

Price I’M free





MFHRETSFORSA' Mange“...





5 cents. , c. J. omrclr, summon-co p .

-Wxit. lot riot

E” "I.” Funk W ”1 “ratings





Dellaine Bros. Jhmatowln.

2, 1m FERRET: fifi§fifiwdw 1"“ 5.1.11.





What

mailed. in... R A. PP, Rocgi-ubr Ohio;
’ 80-—24





THE MICHIGAN F‘AR'MER





JAN. 18, 1913. »





 





 

 





 





 





EImllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllIllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl

-Markcts. _

El”|ll|IlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIE'TJI:





Realizing the importance to our readers

of reliable market quotations we spare

no trouble or expense to insure the cor-

rectness of the quotations in our col-

umns. Special representatives at all

leading market centers Insure the sub-

scriber accurate market reports, unin-

fluenced by any factor of trade. All quo-

tations are correct for the dates on which

they are made.





 





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





January 15, 1913.





Wheat.-—Unexpected strength has pos-

sessed the wheat market and conditions

at the present time point to a steadier

feeling in the trade than since last fall.

Primary receipts are decreasing and the

consumption of wheat is large, 'millers

taking a large proportion of the offerings

to manufacture into fiour. In fact, the

flour men buy heavily upon every sag in

quotations which has prevented any large

reaction. The Balkan war is another

bullish feature, although the effect of

the engagement of Turkey and the allies

would be but a secondary factor itself

were it not that their struggle means a

possibility of a, general war in Europe.

Largely because of this condition abroad

the export trade is liberal, thus lending

added strength to the market on this

side. One year ago the price for No. 2

red wheat was 97c per bu. Detroit quo-

tations are as follows:





No. 2 No. 1

Red. White. May. ,July.

Thursday ....1.13§1 1.12%. 1.18% 96%

Friday ....... 1.14% 1.13% 1.19 97%

Saturday ..... 1.14% 1.13% 1.19 97%

Monday ...... 1.15% 1.14% 1.20 98

Tuesday ...... 1.15% 1.14% 1.20 98

“'ednesday . .1.16% 1.15% 1.20% 98%,

Chicago, (.lan. 14).—No. 2 red, $11161)





1.14; May, 941/312 July, 91c per bu.

Germ—The tone of this market is

strengthened with that of Wheat. There

is quite a little corn being sold on for-

eign account. This has been sufficient

'to give the ccreal a firmer position. Pri-

mary receipts are a few thousand bushels

less than a week ago and about 400,000

bushels greater than for the correspond-

ing period a year ago. The bulge in

prices no doubt aided in bringing out

larger primary receipts than might oth-

erwise have been the case. One year

ago the price for No. 3 corn was 64c per

bu. Detroit quotations are as follows:





0 3 o. 3



Corn. Yellow



Thursday . ................ 49% 50%

Friday .................... .10 51

Saturday ................. 50 51

Monday .................. 50 51



Tuesday .................. 501/2 51 1/4



“'etlne'sday ............... 50% 51%



Chicago, (Jan. 14).——No. 2 corn, 49%@



500; May, 51543-0; July, 52%0 per bu.





this cereal has advanced

with the other two major grains the

margin has not been so large. Primary

receipts for last week were 843,000 bu.,

compared with 879,000 bu. for the pre-

vious week and 353,000 bu. a year ago.

Shipments last week were more than

double what they were a year ago. The

local price for standard oats at this date

in 1912 was 52c per bu. Detroit quota-

tions for the week are:





Oats.—~\Vhile





No. 3



Standard. White.

Thursday ................. 36 35

Friday .................... 36% 35%

Saturday ................. 36% 35%

Monday ................... 36% 35%

Tuesday .................. 36% 35%

\Vcdnesday ............... 36% 35%





Chicago. (Jan. 14).—N0. 2, 33%0; stan-

dard, 34611341/4c: May, 34c; July, 34c.



Beans—There is no change in this

deal and the trade is practically at a.

standstill. Quotations are nominal. Im-

mediate. prompt shipment and January

are quoted at $2.20 per ’bu; February,

.215.

$ Chicago, (Jan. 14).-—Prices rule a little

better in pea beans. Hand-picked are

quoted at $2.55; do. prime, 11240611245;

red kidneys, $2.50 per bu.



Clover Seed. Prices have advanced in

all kinds of seed since a week ago. Prime

spot is now quoted at $11.95, an advance

of 400; prime alsike, $12.90, an advance





 





of 150. .

Toledo—Prime cash and January,

$122719; March, $12.40; prime alsike,





$13.30; all advanced prices.

Rye.»—Detroit.—Cash N10.

620 per bu.





2 steady at





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Noun—Jobbing lots in % 'paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs. as follows: Best patent, $5.60; sec-

ond, $5.30; straight. $5.20; clear, $4.90;

spring patent, $5.10; rye flour, $4.90 per

bbl.



Feed.—Detroit jobbing prices in 100-

lb. sacks are as follows: Bran, $24;

coarse middlings. $23; fine middlings, $28;

cracked corn $24; coarse corn middllings,

$21.50; corn and eat chop, $20 per ton,



Hay.—Local trade steady with poorer

hays moving slowly. Carlots on track at

Detroit: No. 1 timothy, 3145061115; No.

2, 5513601350; light mixed, $13.50@14; No.

1 mixed, $12.50@13 per ton.



Chicago—Market has improved with

the range of prices higher than a week

ago. Choice timothy, $17.50@18.50; No.

1,‘ $14.50@16.50; No. 2 and No. 1 mixed,

$12.50@_14; No. 3 and N0. 2 mixed, $1060

12: clover.,$7@11.



New York—Market irregular; standard





 





'26@28c;





$20.50 per ton; "N0. 1, $22; light clover

mixed, $20@21. -‘

straw.—Car lot prices on wheat and

eat straw on Detroit market are $9@9.50

per ton; rye straw, $10@10.5Q per ton.

New York—Rye straw, $19 per ton.





 





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butterfl—Butb'er wallueis have seen a

general decline during the past week and

busineSS is less brisk at nearly all points.

Elgin sustained a. %c reduction. The lo-

cal market, however, has held steady

with duo-nations unchanged .jfrom last

week. Jobbing prices in the Detroit mar-





 





ket are: Fancy creamery, 35c; firstS, 32c;

dairy, 22c; packing, 210 per lb.

Elgin.—Market firm at 33@33%c.





Chicago—Trade in this market is slow

under a 20 decline in prices, notwith-

standing the .fact that receipts are by

no means excessive. Quotations: Extra

creamery, 33c; extra firsts, 30611320; firsts

seconds, 240; dairy extras, 30c;

firsts, 260; seconds, 23c; packing, 1260210

as to quality.



New York—Prices where have settled

down after a loss 0 1%0 on creameries

and 1c on dairies from last‘week’s fig—

ures. Creameny extras, 34%@35c; firsts,

31@33%c; secondS, 28611300; thirds, 2661)

270; state dairy, best, 3261133c; good to

prime, 27611300; common to fair, 23611260;

packing, 2161121%c as to quality.



Eggs.-—\\’eather conditions are exerting

a strong influence upon the egg market

and slight fluctuations are seen with

every change of temperature. Locally the

feeling is stronger and prices show a.

gain of 10 over last week. At Detroit

current offerings, candied, and cases in-

cluded, are quoted at 250 per dozen.



Chicago.—Re~ceipts continue liberal and

include many eggs of indifferent quality;

\Vith mild weather prevailing the demand

is limited to fresh—laid goods and the

feeling is easier with last week’s figures

ruling. Miscellaneous receipts, cases in-

cluded, are quoted at 19611250; do. cases

returned, 181/261124%c; ordinary firsts, 1961)

210; firsts, 24%61125c; refrigerators, April,

190 per dozen,



New York—This market is reported

weak; values generally unchanged, the

only exception bcing western gathered

whites which show a good gain. Fresh

gathered extras, 2961130c; extra firsts, 27

611281'; firsts, 25%617261/20; seconds and

lower grades, 23611240; western gathered

whites, 28611350.



.Poultry.*l)ctroit.——LaSt week’s strong

advance on chickcns is bringing liberal

receipts but values continue high as com-





pared ‘with outside markets. Dressed.—

Spring chickens, 15%11‘160; hens, 1560

151/21“; turkeys, 1961/20c; ducks, 16@18c;

geese, 1461'15c per lb. Live—Spring





chickens, 14%6D150; hens, 1461141/20; No.





2 hens, 10611120; old roosters, 961110c; tur--





keys, 1861190; geese, 13611140; ducks, 14@

15c per lb.

Chicago.—Fowls and





spring chickens





a trifle lower. Supplies moderate and

demand fair. Quotations on live are:

Turkeys, good weight, 15c; others, 10c;





fowls, good, 13%0; spring chickens, 121/210;

ducks, large, fat, 150; do., Indian run-

ners, 12c; geese, full feathered, 130; do.,

plucked, 8611100 per lb.



New York—Dressed stock strong with

chickens showing good advances. Fresh





killed western chickens, 146D20c; fowls,

1461‘117c; turkeys, 14611230 per lb.





Cheese.—Market steady; values un-

changed. Quotations: “'holesale: Michigan

ilats quoted lower; business fairly active.

Quotations: Wholesale lots: Michigan

flats, 1661116%c; New York fiat's, 181/260

190; brick cream, 161/2@17c; limburger,

1761)]8c.



Veal.—Detroit.—Steady. 14@

14%0; choice, 11@120 per lb.



Chicago. —— Fair no choice. 8060110



80611110

13%6D





higher values. Fair to choice,



lbs, 12%61‘13c; extra. fancy stock,



140; fair to good chunky, 11%@12%c per

pound.





Fancy,





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.~Considered generally the apple

deal has shown improvement. The freeze

of oranges in California is likely to in-

crease the demand for apples. Fancy,

'per bbl., $250603; ordinary, $1631.25.



Potatoes—Although the deal is weak

and draggY. there is a better inquiry

than a week ago at unchanged values,

Michigan stock in car lots, 500 in sacks,

46c in bulk.



Chicago—Receipts are less than half

.ihe volume of those of last week and the

trade is firmer at steady prices. Fancy

Michigan stock sold in bulk as high as

46c and sacked at 48c Monday. .



New York—Offerings have been much

lighter which has enabled the trade to

clean up a little. Prices are about steady.

Western supplies are quoted at $14061)

1.75 per bag.



Onions.—Since the appearance of cold

weather there has been a slightly better

tone to the onion deal although it is far

from satisfactory to the sellers. Detroit

prices are unchanged at 550 per bu.



Chicago—diolders of onions can say

nothing good about the deal here. Home-

grown yellows are quoted at 400 and

whites at 750 per bu.



New York.——0utlook is not the least

flattering. Cold weather has aided in

cleaning up slightly but it is estimated

that from 75 to 100 cars must be handled

here daily for the next 60 days which

will keep prices down. Yellows selling at

60065151 per bu; whites, 750@$1, and reds

60617650.





MISCELLANEOUS.

Provisions.~——Ruling prices in Detroit

are abOut steady. Quotations:



Detroit.~Family pork, $22@23; mess

DOI‘k. $18.50: clear, backs, $20@22; hams,

151/2617161/20; briskets, 11@12c; shoulders,

12%0; picnic hams, 1134,13; bacon, 15%170;

pure lard in tierces, 1‘1c; kettle rendered

Ilard, 120 per 1b. .



Chicago—Mess pork, Jan.,‘ $18.05; lard

do., $9.70; short ribs, do., $9.60.





Honey.-Detroit.—Steavdy. Choice to

fancy comb,x 16611170; amber, 14@15c; ex-

tracted, 91/260100 per lb.





DETROIT RETAIL PRICES.

.Detroit Eastern Market.——Apples,- cab-

bage and potatoes made up the bulk of

the offerings on the market this week.

Apples rule frOm 500@$I.10 per bu.,

according .to grade and variety. Cabbage

is plentiful, white being quoted at 20@

25¢ per bu., and red at 40613500 per bu.

Onions are Selling at 60611650 per bu; car-

rots, 25c; potatoes in fairly liberal sup-

ply, 5560600 per bu; parsnips, 400; celery

around 200 per bunch. Pork wasquoted

at $10.5061)11 per cwt. Eggs that were

guaranteed strictly fresh were selling at

40c per dozen. Poultry, live, 15c per lb.



In Detroit retail stores apples are quot-

ed at 80060$1 15 per bu., according 'to va-

riety and grade; potatoes, good quality,

75c; best eggs, 360. Best creamery but-

ter is quoted at 42c; dressed chickens,

good quality, 2060210.





 





 





Grand Rapids.



Jobbers are paying the country trade

240 for eggs and 260 for dairy butter. The

potato market shows some improvement.

Buyers at Greenville are paying 4060450.

Pork and muttOn are a little higher,

dressed hogs bringing 9%6110c. In live

poultry, fowls are worth 110; ducks 11c;

turkeys 1561‘17c. The mills are paying

$1.12 for wheat; 510 for corn, and 36c

for oats. Beans are quoted on $1.80 baSis

to farmers. Hay is selling at $10@14.





THE LIVE STOCK—MARKETS.





Buffalo.

January 13, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).

Cat-tie.



Receipts, 140 cars: heavy cattle, weigh-

ing 1200 and upwards, sold 10613150 lower;

handy and medium weights sold strong at

last week’s prices. Best 1350 to 1500-”).

steers. $8.756119.25; good to prime 1200 to

lilOO-lb. steers, $8@8.50; good to prime

1100 to 1200-11). steers, $7.75618.25; coarse,

plainish 1100 to 1200-lb. steers, $7.256D

7.75; medium butcher steers 1000 to 1100,

$6.75617.50: butcher steers. 950 to 1000,





 





$650617; light do., 315756162"; best fat

cows, $5.75616.50; butcher cows, $5615.50;

light do., $4.256F4.75; cutters, $375614;

trimmers, 5535061375: best fat heifers,





$750618; medium butcher heifers, $625617

0.75; light butcher heifers. $5.256115.75;

stock heifcs, $4614.25; best feeding steers.

deliorned. 3462561675: fair to good stock-

crs, $5.50615.75; light common stockers,

314506115; prime export bulls. 56625613675;

best butcher bulls, $5.75@6; bologna bulls

51147561550; stock hulls, 51475611550; best

milkers and springers, $656075; common

to fair kind, $406155.



Hogs. ..



Receipts, 120 cars; market 1063150 low-

er; all grades, $7.50.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts. 110 cars; market opened ac-

tive. Top lambs, $9.30619.40; culls to fair

$5.50Q8750; yearlings, $750608; wethers,

$6656.25; ewes, 35.25616.



Veal Calves.



Market is slow, $56111.75. _



Cabbage.~—Market is about the same

locally but in Chicago a shortage of cars

has worked a firmer trade.



Detroit—Per bbl., $1611.25.



Chicago—Holland bringing $650607 per

ton. Red cabbage is scarccr and quoted





at $1.2561‘1.50 per bbl. Common kinds,

60c per bbl. ‘

Chicago.

January 13, 1913.

' Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 28,000 53,000 32,000

Same day last year..17,726 24,927 24,205





Received last week..58,367 188,552 125,138

Same week last year.62,069 211,954 142,818



The week starts off today with a late

market for cattle, with the exception of

butcher stock. which meets with an ac-

tive demand at firm prices. Steers are

neglected, and buyers bid 150 or more

llower, little being done at a late hour.

Hogs are in very good request at reduc-





tions of 56110c, the top beipg 557.32%.

Hogs received last week averaged 226





lbs, compared with 211 lbs. :1 year ago.

223 le. two ycars ago and 209 lbs. three

years ago. Sheep and lambs are arriv-

ing later than usual because of a rail-

road wreck near here. There is an ex-

cellent general demand, and recently ad-

vanced prices are maintained, while prime

light-weight yearlings on the lamb order

were still higher. bringing 55840617850.

Cattle prices paid last week looked low

10 sellers. SO far as good to prime lots

of steers Were concerned at least, when

compared with five weeks ago, at which

time the extreme range of values for the

poorest to the best ruled at 25575631050,

but comparison with former years shows

that recent sales were at unusually high

figures. It is a significant fact as point-

ing out the popular taste for the cheaper

and "lighter cuts of beef because of the





unwillingness of the average» family» to





pay extreme prices for prime heavy cuts

that the common and medium grades of

steers have changed in prices extremely

little, if at all, compared with several

weeks ago, While there has been a de-

cided slump in price for choice becves.

Most cattlemen will recall the fact that

last year the best cattle sold for $1163

11.25, but it hardly seems probable that

such, prices will be seen again for a

long time to come except when show

beeves are sold from the Interna-

tional Live Stock Exposition. Last week

saw steers sell for $5.90@9.40 as an ex-

treme range, with the bulk of the sales

at $7.25@8.75. A medium class sold for

$7.50@8.50, and the best demand cen-

tered in this class,. while fat butcher

stock had a large demand, cows and heif-

ers bringing $4.60@8.25 and not enough

of the prime class offered to go around.

Gutters brought $4@4.50, canners $2.75@





3.95 and bulls $4.25@7.50. Even the poor-

est canning cattle areas much as $1 per

100 lbs. higher than a year ago. and any

attractive feeders come very‘high, as in-

tending purchasers have found'ou of

late, stockers being-held at $4.80@7.30.

while feeders carrying much, weightbring

$6.20@7.85, the packing demand for the

best steers of the feeder class making

them extra dear. Calves have sold at

$4.25@10.85, the best' selling extremely

well, and moderate sales were made of

milch COWS on a basis of $306085 per head

prime Holsteins being scarce and worth

up to $100. Beef cattle averaged 1060150

lower than a week; earlier. The best

steers sold a week earlier for $9.60, but

no fancy cattle were exhibited last week.



Hogs had some bad breaks in prices

last _week because of marked gains in the

receipts, followed by rallies on smaller

offerings and .a strong general demand.

Eastern shippers continued very much

larger buyers than’a few weeks ago, the

eastern hogs having been pretty well

marketed, and between this outlet and

a good demand at times from local spec-

ulators, the Chicago packers found it no

easy thing to hold prices down. The

spread in prices was extremely narrow,

with a good shipping call for the choicest

light hogs, as well as for prime heavies,

and light hogs at last topped themar-

ket. General conditions are now re-

garded as favorable for the hog growers

of the corn belt. and it is believed that

it will pay to hold healthy young begs to





'maturity, prices being much higher than





a _year age, although below the prices

paid two and three years ago. Of course,

the unusual cheapness of corn and other

feeds is an important factor to be con-

s1dered. Consumption of fresh pork is

as large as ever. and stocks of provisions

are small for the time of year. Chicago

stocks on New Years being 74,800,099 lbs.,

against 107,049,871 lbs. 21 year ago. Stocks

held the' first day of last December ag-

gregated 48,780,582 lbs. After selling dur-

ing the week as high as $7.62%, hogs

closed on Saturday at 1568060735, with

fine earl}; sale$a1 $7.40. A week earlier

iogs s01 at .7.3061>7.60. Pigs ‘l s



3155061725. ° C 0 ed at





Sheep and lambs continued to sell at;





sharply advancing prices last

touching the highest figures paid since

the middle of last year. Good receipts

usually found a quick clearance, despite

the advancing prices, handy-weight fat

lambs, as usual, leading off in the'up-

ward movement, with heavy lambs and

yearlings that were held too long dis-

criminated against severely by slaughter-

crs. In very few years have such high

prices been realized for fat muttons on

the hoof, and owners have made unex-





week,





pectedly large profits, favored by the

Open winter to recently, and an abund—

ance of cheap feed everywhere. Despite





the greatly increased receipts for the

week. lambs and sheep had advances of

5061750, per 100 lbs, lambs closing at

$7._756119.50, culls going‘at '$6.50@‘7.50 and

prlme heavy lambs at $9.15. Yearlings

sold at 51163561835, prime» heavy lots

fetching $8. “'ethers sold at $5.40@6.25,

ewes at $3615.65 and bucks at $3614.

Horses were in improved demand last

week, with especially good buying orders

from southern, middle western and east-

ern states for farm workers, with mares

of good breedy appearance principally

wanted. \i'hile ordinary geldings were

offered for 5510060125 per head, mares sold

particularly freely around 5315060200, with

better mares taken at 5522563250. Drivers

were wanted at $10061T1200 for common to

strictly good ones, and drafters were in

moderate request at 317561275 for fair to

prime ones, extra heavy drafters being

Scarce and quotable up to .300. Wagon

horses were taken mainly at 5516063225.





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Cattle prices are ruling within a very

much narrower range than was the case

during the highest period of 1912, and

seldom has the call for the highest grade

of beeves been so limited as at the‘pres-

ent‘ time. Small as is the current mar-

keting of prime beeves at Chicago and

other leading points, there are enough to

satisfy the existing requirements of the

packers, who are confining most of their

selections to medium grade steers, and

to fat cows and heifers. It appears very

doubtful whether it is going to pay stock-

men to prepare prime beeves for the

market, and there are far more who are

feeding with a View of marketing me~

dium—priced cattle than of preparing fancy

beeves. All along it has been noticeable

that fat heifers and cows have held their





own in the market far better than steer >





cattle of a corresponding grade. This

has been remarked upon by hundreds of

farmers, and they are beginning to pay

more attention to fattening female cattle

than in the past. These cattle are much

surer to pay out than are steers, and

cost less money at the start. A great

many farmers are roughing cattle through

the winter, with the intention of pastur-

ing them next summer. roughage being

unusually plentiful nearly everywhere.



-C’onditions governing the hog

have undergone the actual change that

was so long predicted by experienced men

in the business. True, recent reactions

in prices have taken place, following the

previous upward whirl, but this was in-

evitable and generally expected bv men

in the industry fer years. XVhile the

country‘s swine supply has been seriously

depleted within the last two years by

disease and other causes,_ it is always

possnble to scare up liberal supplies for

marketing for a. few days, and this is

What has taken place recently, thereby

playing temporarily into buyers’ hands.

Meanwhile the consumption of fresh and

cured hOg products goes forward as free-

ly as ever, and there is not much chance

for any considerable accumulation of pro-

visions in warehouses. Pretty much ev-

erything in' the hog line finds a ready

sale, with about as narrow a rangecf

values as is ever seen. ’





trade .





.,

5';





 





«s— .i "52» ‘ ‘
.. a; up“ 5.





 





 





 





 





 





 





an), '





,weighing 940 at $1. 3





 





 





 





JAN. 18, 1913.





 





' THIS IS THE-FIRST EDITION.





In theflrst edition the Detroit Live

stool: markets arereports of last week;

all other marketsare right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last cal-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursdays

Detroit LIVe Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a. card to that effect.





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Thursday's Market.

January 9, 1913.

Cattle.

Market 10@15c higher





Receipts, 1428.

grades and very





than last week on all

active at the advance.

We quote: BeSt steers, $7.50@8; steers

and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $7@7.50; do.,

800 to 1000, $6616.85; do. that are fat. 500

to 700, $5@6:50; choice fat cows, $5.50@67;

good do., $4.50@5.25; common cows, $4@

4.50; canners, $3@4; choice heavy bulls,

$5.50@7; fair to good bolognas, bulls,

$4.75@5.25; stock bulls, $4614.25; choice

feeding steers, 800 to 1000, $6616.50: fair

feeding steers, 800 to 1000, $5@6; choice

stockers, 500 to 700. $5.25@5.50; fair do.,

500 to 700, $4.50@5; stock heifers, $410

4.50; milkers, large, young, medium age,

$50@70; common milkers, $30@45.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, \V. & Co.

20 steers av 1096 at $7.75, 4 cows av 867

at $4.50. 9 do av 870 at $4, 1 bull weigh-

ing 1140 at $5.25, 32 steers weighing 843

at $7; to Bresnahan 5 butchers. :iv 780 at





$4.25; to Mich. B. Co. 13 do av 668 at

$5.75, 3 steers av 816 at $7. 23 cows av

1000 at $6, 12 do av 1043 at $5.85: to





Goose 15 cows av 803 at $4.50; to Sullivan

P. Co. 18 butchers av 809 at $4.50, 3 do

av 710 at $6, 9 cows av 800 at $4.60, 5 do





av 830 at $4, 2 do av 885 at $4.25, 1 do

weighing 1110 at $5.25, 2 bulls av 705 at

$5; to Newton B. Co. 2 cows my 875 at





$4, 4 do av 1072 at $4.30; to Sullivan P.

Co. 1 do weighing 920 nt’ $4, 2 do av 985

at $6, 1 steer weighing 640 at $6, 1 cow

steers av 750 at

$5.25, 2 do av 1035 at $7.50, 8 do 337-734

at $6.25, 11 butchers av 736 at $5.25, 1

heifer weighing 800 at $7.50; to llam-

mond, S. & Co. 2 cows av 865 211'. $4, 7 do

av 953 at,$5.50, 1 bull weighing 1610 at

$6, 1 cow av 1000 at $4. 4 slecrs av 725

at $6.50, 7 cows av 721 at $5; to Goose 2

do av 960 at $4.50; to Parker, \V. 8: Co.

7 do av 1080 at $5.25, 5 do av 874 at

$4.25, 1 bull weighing 1380 at $5.50, 11

cows av 920 at $4.50.



Roe Com. Cc. sold Goose 2 COWS av 865

at $4.50; to Bresnahun 13 steers av 500

at $4.75; to Newton B. CO, 12 cows av

816 at $3.95. 1 do weighing 930 at $4, 5

do av 916 at $4.50, 22 butchers av 572 at

$5.50, 16 do av 890 at $6.25; to Sullivan

P. CO. 1 bull weighing 1540 at $6; to

\Vyness 2 do av 840 at $5.40; to Parker,

11'. & Co. 10 steers av 1085 at $7.75; to

Mich. B. CO. 1 bull weighing 1350 zit $6,

6 cows av 1003 at $6, 1 do weighing 1090

at $5.50.



Spicer & R, sold Sullivan P. CO. 1

weighing 120 at $10.50: to Rattkowsky 3

av 107 at $9; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 av 135

at $11.25, 2 av 130 at $11, 4 av 135 at

$10.60; to Burnstine 8 av 130 at $8. 3 av

150 at $11, 2 av 130 at $11. 1 weighing

160 at $11, 1 weighing 310 at $4.50, 6 av

150 at $11; to Goose 2 av 235 zit $4.50, 13

av 130 at $7; to Burnstine ] weighing 230

at $5, 10 av 162 at $11; to Goose 5 av 120

at $5.50, 5 av 105 at $6.50.



Veal Calves.





Receipts, 451. Market steady at last

weeks prices. Best, $10611150; others.

$4.50@9.50; milch cows and springers

steady.





Bishop, B. & H. sold GOOSe 1 weighing

200 at $11.50, 3 av 140 at $8.59. 3 av 150

at $9.50, 3 av 105 at $9.50, 8 av 130 at

$10.75, 4 av 150 at $11, 3 av 120 at $10;

to Hammond, S. 8.: Co. 2 av 160 at $11.50,

1 Weighing 290 at $5; to Sullivan P. Co.

10 av 132 at $10.50; to Shaparo 14 av 140

at $10.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 14 av

150 at $1.1; to McGuire 18 av 150 at $11,

1.1 av 120 at $10.50; to Hammond. S. &

C0. 3 av 140 at $11.50, 2 av 150 at $9, 1

weighing 130 at $11. 2 :lV 170 at $11, 2

av 140 at $9.50, 4 av 145 at $11.



Hale-y & M. sold Hammond, S. & C0.

1 weighing 190 at $11.50, 3 av 150 at

$11.50, 1 weighing 120 at $11, 6 av 130

't '11. _



d Sindall sold Mich. B. Co. 6 av_ 15.) at

$11.50, 2 av 305 at $4.50, 5 av 12.) at $9,

2 av 300 at $5.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 3088. Market 35@50c higher

than last week on all gradeS. Best lambs

$9@9.15; fair to good do. $8.25@8.75; light





to commOn lambs. $6617; yearlings, $6.50

((07; fair to good sheep, $4@4.75; culls





and common, $2.50@3.50. .



Bishop, B. & H. Sold Hayes 98 lambs

av 65 at $7.25; to Nagle P. Co. 154 do av

80 at $8.85, 39 do av 65 at $8.25. 11 year-

lings av 100 at $5.50, 134 lambs av 75

at $8.60; to Sullivan P. CO. 10 do av 37

at $4.50, 9 do av 50 at $6; to Hammond, S.

8.: Co. 11 yearlings av 95 at $5; to Sullivan

P. Co. 14 sheep av 120 at $4.75, 7 do av

130 at $4.25, 4 do av 125 at $4.50, 13 lambs

av 50 at $6; to Parker, W. & Co. 22

sheep av 90 at $3.50, 91 lambs av 65 at

$8.60; to Hammond, S. & Co. 8 do av

55 at $6: to Fitzpatrick Bros. 4 sheep av

115 at $5; to Nagle P. Co. 29 lambs av

70 at $8.50,.14 do av 65 at $7.



Spicer & .R'. sold Nagle P. Co. 13 lambs

av 75 at $6.50, 24 do av 100 at $8.40. 31

do av 70 at $8.50. 44 do av 78 at $8.65, 25

do av 80 at $8.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 6

do av 55 at $6, 53 do av 75 at $8.50; to

Rattkowsky 5 sheep av 120 at- $3.75, 1

do weighing 100 at $3.50; to Thompson

Bros. ‘10 do av 80 at $3, 29 do av 95 at

$4.50; to Rattkowsky 2 do av 155 at

$10.50, 2 do av 115 at $7.50: to Nagle P.

0.0. 15 lambs av 75 at $8.35; to Sullivan

P. Co. 2 sheep av 110 at $3.50, 53 do av

180 at $4.50.





   





 





 





 





TH-E MICHIGAN FARME‘R





. Hogs.



Receipts, 4.689. Market 5c higher than

“’ednesday; abOut steady with opening

’last week.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $7.45@7.50; pigs, $7.50; light yorkers,

$7.50; stags one-third off.



Spicer & R, sold Hammond, S. & Co.

950 av 180 at $7.45.



Haley 8; M. sold same 880 av 180 at

$7.45, 160 av 155 at $7.40.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

250 av 150 at $7.40, 3010 av 170 at $7.45,

525 av 210 at $7.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 110

av 200 at $7.50, 425 av 190 at $7.45, 145

av 180 at $7.40.





 





Friday’s Market.

January 10, 1913.





Cattle.

Receipts this week, 2262; last week,

1816. Market steady at Thursday’s

prices. We quote: Best steers, $8.50;





steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $6.75@

7.75; do. 800 to 1000, $6.50@7.50; do that

are fat, 500 to 700, $5.50@6.50; choice fat

cows. $5.75@6.25; good do., $5.25@5.50;

common cows,‘ $4@4.50; canners, $3.75@4;

choice heavy bulls, $6657; fair to good

bologna bulls, 355.25612550; stock bulls, $5:

milkers, large, young, medium age, $40@

70; common milkers, $306845.

Veal Calves.



Receipts this week, 768; last week, 759.

Market steady at Thursday’s prices. Best

$10fir11.50; others, $4.50@9.50.



Milch cows and springers steady.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week. 6791; last week,

8007. Market 25c lower than On Thurs-

day on lambs; sheep steady; best lambs.

$850619; fair to good lambs, $8@8.25;

light to common lambs, $6607.25; year-

lings, $6687; fair to good sheep, $450685;

culls and commOn, $2.50@3.50.





ogs.

Receipts this week, 9432; lust week,





11.109. Market steady at Thursday‘s

prices. Range of prices: Light to good

butchers. $7.40@7.50; pigs, $7.45@7.50;





light yorkers, $7.45@7.50; stags one-third

off.





 





son’s mime

63R





 





.1 ;. 'n’ A t .

(his? .-





makes a man of

him—enables him to do a

man’s work With ease.





You clean your barn with ball

the effort in half the time. The





LOUDEN CARRIER





makes this heavy iob fun for the boy.

Curves and switches take the carrier to

any part of the barn. The cost is small,-

Ii‘samoncy making investment in any size

stable. Send Ior Catalogs. Ask your

dealer about the LOUDEN CARRIER.





BARN PLANS FREE





If_you expect to rebuild or

remodel a barn our Architecture

Department will work your ideas

into a real plan without cost or

obligation to you. Tell us the

number and kind of stock you

wish to stable and give other

information.

save you a good many dollars.



- We manulacturc every equip-



' ment for Dairy, Horse and Hog

barns. and hay unloading tools.





 





 





 





LOUDEN M cummvCo. _

My -





 





 





 





AreYou Losing

Calves ?





My treatment enables

ou to stamp out abor-



llon from your herd

and keep it out.





Three

Great

Ponds





Overcome t h e

germs—l, In the

mother’s blood.

2, in the genital

o r g a n s . 3, In

the stables.

You can apply my sim.

le, reliable treatment yourself. If you have any

rouble with your live stock,remember experiment

is more costly than neglect. Write me, givin the

symptoms and enclosin 2c stamp, and I will a visa

you by return mail,hold ng your etter confidential.

DR. DAVID ROBERTS. President

DR. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY 00.

9022 Broadway, Waukesha, Wil. .





 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

   

 





 





L





 





 





Mfg. of How to build your own Cheapest

Well Covers and

Cistei-n Covers . .

Cesspool Covers \ ~ an, d

and 01mm Detailed specifications; how to build an

l'lltors. who! you need. furnished on receipt of $1-





 





HUNTING WELL COVER 00.. Rooklord. I





 





 





 

 





 





 





Make your corn

bring you twice





 





 





 





as many dollars





   





Instead of 40 bushels of

com per acre, get 80 to

100 bushels, by using





Packer’s Brand .





   





' good pasture.

n





 





Fertilizers





The cars will be fuller,

the grain better devel-

oped, too.





 





I

l





l





   

 

 





 





Write for this Free MemO-

randum Book. A valuable

pocket note book. Contains

the latest information on selen-

tific fertilization. Get

your copy today.

PACKERS FERTILIZER C0.



Salim l’- Cincinnati, 0.





Agents wanted.





 

   

   

   





 





 





   

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Thero‘s maneu nel-



lina our Fertil-

Turn them into money. We buy them in any

quantity, sound or torn. at a liberal price and

Broadway, Buffalo, N. Y.



FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS IN

THAT GREAT FRUIT and TRUCK

GROWING SECTION—

in Virginia, North and South Carolina,



A. .2 l. Agt. for Florida. A. a: l. Agt. for Virginia

Alabama. Georgia, and the Carolinas,

That section of Kentucky,

Tennessee, Alabama and



I O

St. Louis Railway

is rich in natural resources, and its climatic

production of grains, grasses, live stock and

truck crops. Fertile and attractive farmlands

scriptlve Literature

II. F. SMITH, Truffle Min. Dept. B , Nuliville. Teu-

llibersl advancements and prompt remittances.

9

Daniel McCaiirey 9 Sons Co.





(zero. Write us,

pay tho height. Write for :particulars. Refer-

ence: Citizens Bank. Iroquois Bag 00., 755

o 9 7

The Nation s

Garden Spot-

along the

Atlantic Coast Line

Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to

WILIIUR McCOY E. N. CLARK,

Jacksonville, Fla. Wilmington. h. 0.

Sunny Tennessee .

Georgia traversed by the

Nashville, Chattanooga &

conditions and the fertility of its soils offer

unexcelled opportunities for the profitable

may be had at very low prices.

WRITE me at once for De- FREE

We get the top price on consignments. make

PITTSBURO, PA.

Moron“. WWW Company. or wheat moo





 





 





 





25—81





Elfillll ‘caEs Improved dairy farm, fourteen miles

from Detroit Market. non r acre.

E. W. LEVERENZ. Utlca. Me on.

“' (Vieg'fiaigu wry-'lttfito us whentyoiil want a 3am.

on n *o w ,



scriptions. DIAMOND ‘ir‘iznco'f, 33:13.13," Mich:

FOR SALE-IMPROVED FARM In Fruit

Belt. To close an estate will





sell at a bargain. For nrticulars write

F. H. CLARKE. C arlevolx, Michigan.





CASH FOR YOUR FARM





I bring buyers and sellers together. Write me if

you wantto bu . sellortrade. Established 1881. Frank

. Cleveland, . Adams Express Bldg” Chicago. Ill.





Eon SAL -142-a. Jackson Co. Faun. best

of soil. best of location, has! of

markets. 2 miles from Rives Junction, 9 miles from

Jackson. 100 rods from electric lino. Must be sold

to close an estate. Price per acre.

W. E. EOKERSON, Executor. Rives Junction. Mich.

' and unim roved lands in Delaware.

F'ml' Farms diversifl farming live stock, de-

llclons fruits and ideal homes. For information

address, State Board of Agriculture, Dover. Delaware-





For Sale—BY OWNER—TEXAS RANCH, 5000 acres



Frio Valley; black and sandy loam: M

to :21); old age reason for sellin :no trade. MRS.

L. DUNHAM, 1527 Montana 86.. go





11 Antonio. Tex.

FARM FOR SALE,





One mile from Normal School. Spring creek. Some

timber. Address 0, A. CAIN, lllmsn, Michigan.





100 ACRES—1% miles from Railroad Station.

, 9-room house. tine condition. In

basement barn, fruit. will include stock. toos,

crofs. All (gen, 83500. Part Cos .

Bl LINGS ARM AGENCY, Appalachin. N. Y

— ood fertile soil, horse and

lilo-Am Farm lorSalo ,, ham 3mm cow hm,

18x40 ft.,_large brick house and other outbuildings.

About 1;» acres of young timber, some saw timber.





Part of the land is tiled. Good fruit.

quire of CLEM S'l‘ININGEIi. Ii. 4, Carleton, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





160 ACRES 20 acres timber. good soil, large house.

I barn 40:70 with straw barn 4 x60 with

modern basements. barn 30x40 oorndt tools. basement

for hogs, hen house 16x20. buildings cost; $6,000, good

orchard, small fruit, windmill, lOO-hhl. reservoin near 3 good

markets. Earl W English, Owner. Clurksvillo, lonia Co.,Mich.

money in buying 5





"UR FARM L's farm. ASK FOR IT.

MICHIGAN FARM HOME 00.. Greenville, Mich

MINNESOTA has ahome for you. Good land atlow

. prices. Literature giving informa-

tion about soil, climate. rice of land, etc- sent free





on application to H. J. axlield, Commissioner of

Immigration, Room 219 State Capital, St. Paul, Minn.





mucus ”BMW in 7° .. 5...... 30 .





woods, good soil. apple

orchard, buildings, and well with windmill. on Rural

Route and telephone line, )6 mile from school. 3 to

station Price $4500.11. M. PARDEE, Reed City, Mich.





160 ACRES G000 WILD PASTURE lANll





living water, 2 miles from town & markets in Jerome

Tw . Midland 00. going the next. 30 days at $6 per acre,

cns . N. W. BRADFORD, Owner. healers Mich:





FOR SALE FARM OF 240 ACRES.»





Two houses. large basement ham. 2 other barns, soil

rich heavy land. on Milk and mail route. short dis-

tance from school. blacksmith shop, etc. A first class

farm as the owner is too old to work said farm will





 





saves you time and





 





 





 





 





sell. Price 815,000. or more down, balance ten

years at five or cent interest on easy terms. Write

'ILLI . ROBE. Howell, Michigan.





 





 





 





one interested in the wonder-



Unlimited opportunities. Thousands of acres available at



reliable information. Socro- .



CALIFORNIA



£1000 on at from



tioulnrs. Clear title and any terms. d Hm.



Fruit and Poultry



this is your c ance; excellent location. good neighbor-



creamery. stores, high school. etc, land all in culti-



owner‘s other business calls him away; if taken now

for only 8800, age 12. “Strout’s Farm Catalogue 35"



Plttsburg. Pa.



'3 Iligh and so is the Price cl Callie.





Vi M E



Literature will be sent to any-



ful Sacramento Valley. the



richest. valley in the world



right prices. The place for the man wan ting a home in the fine“



climate on earth. Write to a public organization that given

Tonto Volley Development



neocl-



Sacramento.



when you onn buy



on not.



near Saginaw and Boy City. Write forging and pu-



(ownen) 15 Merrill Bldg, Saginaw. W. 8. Michim.



30 Acres, $1100



If you are looking for a fine little farm where you



can make 3. 00d living on a small amount. 0? land,



hood, convenient to village by hard surface road all



conveniences good market. handy to R. R statiod,



vation out825 tons hay. 50 barrels apples in season.



and other fruit trees; 2-story 6-rocm house. 18x25 barn;



only $1100. easy terms, Full information with travel-



ing instructions to see this and another of 12 acres



2nd Edition. rite today for free copy Station 101:



E. A. STROUT FARM AGENCY, Union Bank Bldg.,



I

The Price of Beef

For years the Province of

- ALBERTA, Western Canada)





 

 

 

 

 

 





oats, barley and

flax, the change has made many

thousands of Americans, settled

oh these plains. wealthy. but has

increased the price of live stock.

There is splendid opportunity now to get a





FREE HOMESTEAD OF 160 ACRES

(and mother as o preemption) in the

newer districts and produce either cattle

or grain. The crops are always good. the

climate is excellent. schools and churches

are convenient and markets splendid in

Manitoba. Saskatchewan or Alberta.



Send at once for literature. the latest

information. railway rates. etc. to





M. V. McInnes

176 Jefferson Ave.

Detroit, Mich.





or write Superintendent or fumigation.

WW3. Genuin-





 





 





 





your car-load lots to us.





-s

H Av r'fih E. L. RICHMOND 00..

Detroit. - Mich!





 





m.





l'lcuc nation the Michigan liar-er

you are writing to mud-m.
_ ..,..,,..,.W, “.4... 3‘





 





“ff M





Mm,

/ 1h





' \\ \..

. // 5 . a ‘. 4’..anle

. \ . / I ,l - ‘

, 4/ ‘





O

.. \

\iHl/f’il‘ml "3““

sgllfijmm‘lh l

7‘ ‘lll’lil't,

o‘Vl





been connected with the outside





750 Marquette Bldg.





   

 





One of the extremely fertile valleys of Montana, about 60 miles long

and 10 miles wide, situated in the south central part of the state be-

tween the Big Belt and Little Belt Mountains. This district has recently





railroad from Ringling, on the main line of the Chicago, Milwaukee &

Puget Sound Railway, through the valley to White Sulphur Springs.





Ofiers Unusual Advantages

The country is new, so land values are low. There is also consid-

erable government land that may be homesteaded.





The fertility of the soil, together with the mild climate, assures

large yields of wheat, oats, rye, barley, flax, clover, alfalfa and

timothy, also all kinds of vegetables and small fruits.





Read up about this new country and learn of its wonder-

ful opportunities. Literature containing government statistics,

land values and much other useful information is issued by the





Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul





Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound

Railways





This literature and full information will be sent free on request to

H. W. STEINHOFF, District Passenger Agent

2l2 Majestic Bldg., Detroit. Mich.





O. E. SHANER. Immigration Agent

CHICAGO





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





world by the construction of a new





 

   





F. A. MILLER

General Passenger Agent





 

   





 





 





Johnson wants your name and

address if you are interested in

chicken raising. He will send

you the famous Old Trusty Book,

free—finest published, worth $1.00.





1913 Old Trusty Book, Free

Tells about the incubator sensation of

the world. 400.000 sold—all making big

money for owners. Tells about 30 to 90 day

free trial offer, to ear

uarantee. rice



9 less than 010.00

freight paid easl



of Rockies and al-

lowed that far to



. oi nts beyond.



et the Johnson’s





 

   

 





Johnson





   

 





That Far if You r. Incubator Man

Clay Center. Nob.





Live Beyond ‘





 





 





“PROFITABLE Poultry and Egg -

Production” — the Cyphers ‘ ‘

Year Book for 1913—full of practi- _

cal, money-making suggestions.

Also illustrates and describes ‘

INCUBATOR and

Cyphers 352000285



The World's Standard Poul— -

try Equipment. and explains

Cyphers Company Free Bul- '

letin and Personal Letter

Service. Write for Cyphers .

Book today.



CYPHERS INCUBA'I'OR co.

Dept. _ 35.





.3531" ‘

INCUBATo





Biggest aranteed incubator “price—155 egg ca-

acity. as hundreds of dead arr celLr—onl incu-

gstor with this special construction—well ma e—cold

rolled copper tank, hotwater heat double disc regu-

ator, deetp nursery, highdegs, double doors egg

ety lam . S 9escaiial Rice $31.35. Incubator



. , . p





 

 





 





 

 

 





 

 

   

 





 





A Postal Brings Johnson’s





 

 

   





THE «MICHIGAN FAR'ME‘R





Ducks usually commence laying early

in the year—~generally some time in Jan-

uary—and they produce eggs pretty reg-

ularly into the summer, when most

breeds suspend laying until another sea-

son. Some individuals many continue to

lay until Au'gust, while others will begin

in September after a resting spell; but

as a general rule ducks lay their eggs

between early January and the last of

June, missing but a few days during that

period. The-y require proper care, how-

ever, during the laying season if the

maximum number of eggs is obtained.



Dry quarters are very essential. The

duck house need never be an expensive

structure, but it must be perfectly dry

inside at all times. The roof should be

water-light and the floor must be such

as will not become damp during wet

weather. When forced to sit On damp

ground'ducks are liable to cramps. A

plank floor, raised several inches from

the ground, is always most satisfactory.

Keep several inches of straw or litter on

the floor at all times, putting in a fresh

supply frequently. An abundance of bed-

ding insures comfort, and it prevents

broken eggs, as these fowls drop their

eggs upon the floor. The duck house re-

quires no furnishings in the way of

perches 0r nest boxes.



Laying ducks require good feeding at

this season, though one- must be careful

not to overfeed. A fat duck is a, poor

layer, producing double-yolkcd eggs fre—

quently, and a fat drake is unsafe as a

breeder. Feed for eggs and not for fat.

Three feeds a day of ground grains and

cooked vegetables, as turnips. potatoes,

beets or carrots, may safely be given

until the arrival of grass and insects.

Don’t make the feed sloppy; just





JAN. 18, 1913..





Care of Ducks During’LayingPeriod.





BY WM. F. PURDUE.





moist enough to cling together well.

Some green food is also necessary for

ducks the year round and should be .giv-

en at least once a. day at this season.

Chopped cabbage is excellent for this

purpose.



If the ration is not too highly concen-

trated the ducks may be- given about all

they will eat as long as an abundance of

coarse grit is provided. Always give the

grit separate from the food; when the

two are mixed the ducks may be forced

to eat more grit than they requre. Place

the grit in vessels close to the feed

troughs; they will often stop eating to

pick up a few pieces of sharp sand or

gravel. Drinking water should be near

the feed troughs also as they drink and

rinse their beaks often while eating.



Five ducks may safely be allowed to

each drake. The first two dozen eggs are

seldom fertile but after that the fertil-

ity runs higher than in hens’ eggs until

June, when the eggs are] no longer safe

for incubation. It is. best to keep the

layers in their house each morning until

nine o’clock in order that all the eggs

may be deposited there; then they may

be given their liberty for the remainder

of the day. On cold mornings gather the

eggs as soon as laid, as chilled eggs will

not hatch. Some of them will probably

be covered with floor litter and a search

may be necessary to find these.



If the eggs are not placed at once for

hatching they should be carefully wrap-

ped in paper and kept in a. dry room

having a temperature of 50 to 60 degrees

F. The albumen of ducks eggs is much

thinner than that’ of other eggs, and for

this reason they need to be handled

carefully. The sooner they are set after

being laid the better they will hatch.





 





CONSTITUTIONAL VIGOR IN Tl-lE

BREEDING OF POULTRY.





 





The most important question before

poultrymen today is that of maintaining

the constitutional vigor of the flock, and

there is no better time for giving this

subject serious consideration than the

few weeks which yet precede the selec-

tion of breeding stock for the coming

season’s use.



TVe are continually asking more of the

modern hen, in proportion to'her live





 





 

 





 





 





_. Chickens,





n Sturdier Chickens,

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Book containsillustratlons of Standard Bred

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weight, than we are expecting from any

other class of domestic animal. A good

hen is expected to lay, in a year, about

five times her weight in eggs. This means

a. changing process, on an average, at

least every third day of the year, or

perhaps every other day.



The effect of such heavy strain is that

fowls frequently break down or show the

effect of it in lack of vigor in their off-

spring. I have good reason to suspect

that much of the infertility and low

hatching power of eggs, weakness in

chicks, and mortality in mature stock

may be traceable to such breakdowns, due

to modern intensive methods and large

egg yields. To the hatching, rearing and

handling of fowls in large numbers, with

the least expenditure for feed and labor,

and also to the production of eggs at a

season of the year when hens, naturally,

do not lay, undoubtedly must be charged

the lowering of vitality in many flocks.

Fowls Differ as to Constitutional Vigor



and Vitality.



“’hatcver the causes may be, the fact

remains that we have strong fowls and

weak fowls in nearly all flocks, and strong

strains and weak strains in all varieties

of poultry. The: truth is that we are un-

safe in passing judgment on the. merits

of any particular variety without first

knowing the way it has been bred and

handled.



However important it may be to se-

cure a vaiiety or strain of poultry hav-

ing certain size, hick—scoring quality, or

productive capacity, it is vastly important

to have fowls of strong constitution, with

appetites to consume and with digestive





 





.I. W. Miller 00.. Box 300 Rockford, III.

.I. W. Mlller 60.. Dallas, Texas. The Chat. ll.

IJlly Cm. Western Dlet., Seattle or Portland





“05"}.‘55'3 P0" LTBV





and Almanac for "’13 has 224 page: with many

colored plates of fowls true to life. It tells all

about chickens, their prices, their care, diseas-

es and remedies. All about Incubators, their

rices and their operation. All about poultry

houses and how to build them. It‘s an encycIOo

Radio or chickendom. You need it. Only 150.

C. suosnmn, Box 911 Bunion. Ill.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





 

 





   





Hens fed 0 “.9 in





more eggs. gegrefi 81mm Bani BE“ MADE





(WV. (”J





   





 





 

 





power to assimilate large quantities of

food. The best condition is to have pure-

bred fowls with pronounced constitutional

vigor.



In-and-in breeding is frequently re-

sorted to in order to emphasize and de-

velop high productive, or exhibitive, or

other qualities. Close breeding can be

followed with success only when the first

consideration is given to mating strong

individuals. Too many time-s the breeder

has not had the courage to sacrifice a

weak individual because of its other de-

sirable qualities.



By breeding from pullets the breeder is





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 





in Price





armwpuna





undertaking to reproduce from fowls that





have not‘ yet reached maturity. and that,

presumably, with the. knowledge that

heavy fall and winter laying may have

10Wered their vitality before the breed.

ing season. \Vhen hens begin to m'oul't

they cease to lay. The result is they are

sent to market, while pullets that were

hatched early in the season are kept to

replace the hens. This is all wrong. A

pullet is not matured until she is at least

one year old. Although she may lay,

her eggs are not the best for hatching

purposes. It is an annual sacrifice~the

slaughter of hens~that should cease. If

not discontinued the poultry of this coun-

try will gradually 'lo‘se vigor and the av-

erage number of eggs laid will decrease

also. Pullel‘s may be kept for laying, but

for reproducing the stock the best hens

should be used. It‘ appears reasonable,

therefore, that continued breeding, gen-

eration after generation, from pullets in-

stead of hens, has a. tendency U0 shorten

the normal length of life of the race of

fowls. and, at the same time, to lower its

native vigor. On the other hand, the

breeding from mature fowls—[two or more

years of age and still vigorous—should

tend toward longevity and an increase in

vitality.



How to Choose Strong and Weak Fowls.



With the beginner there is usually too

much insistence on a perfect comb with

'too little attention to other desirable

qualities. An even, well-shaped, five-

point comb is rare indeed. Some Of the

highest scoring cockerels that have been

produced have had poor combs. In se-

lecting a fowl for breeding, however,

choose one having less than five points

rather than more than that, as the ten-

dency is toward a greater number.



The actions of a fowl probably best in-

dicate its physical condition. The phys-

ically weak is inactive and “dopey," and

is more likely to squat than to stand. It

does not scratch or forage actively. It

is last U0 get off the perch in the morn-

ing, first to go to roost at night, and

frequently is found on the perch during

the day. The loudness and frequency of

the crow of the male, and the song or

cackle of the female, are reliable indi-

cations of strength. The weak fowl sel-

dom crows, 0r sings, and is less likely to

do so when in the presence of a. strong

individual of the same sex.



A vigorous male may be known by his

generosity and consideration toward the

females, as indicated by his: calling them

and giving to them the tenderest‘ morsel

to eat. This is one of the surest indi-

cations of physical vigor on the part of

the male. The shape of the body, too, is

closely related tlo the health and physical

vigor of the- individual. The deep, thick,

compact body, With large fluff, shows

greater vigor than the,slender, long-wint-





ed, more delicate body of the same va—





 





A
THE MICHIGAN FAR‘MER 27—83 .





riety. A fowl of low vitality is likely to

have a long, thin beak and head, long,

thin neck, long, slender body, long, thin

thighs, shanks and toes. The reverse is

true of the physically strong. A strong

fowl should have medium to large, bright

red comb'and wattles. The fowl carries

its health certificate on top of its head.



The eye is the mirror of the body. It

shows condition in health and disease. A

good healthy fowl has a. bright, clear,

round eye, which should stand out prom-

inently. The lids should not droop, giv-

ing it the appearance of a snake or tur-

tle eye.



A fowl having a strong constitution has

a full development of tail feathers which





1“ ‘ i . JAN. 18,1913.





Tile Your





 

 

 





Farm-Now!





 

 





 





Mn.” Clifton IrJLBd Bennett MrleauraJ Clark MrmGeoW Black ManHOmen

of m of Illinois of Indians of Ohio





Don’t Be Satisfied

:With Anything Less Than





Championship Hatches!





Let Jim Rohan and Ill: World’s Champions





TILE YOUR FARM





with a. Cyclone Tile Ditching Machine

I‘ and save what a contractor would

' charge you; Then when you’re

through with the work on your land

3 you can make hundreds of dollars by

‘ matting ditches for your 'neighbors.

I T e





Cyclone Tile Ditching Machine





..cutg tile drains quickly, easily, are carried erect, not drooping from one

cheaply; side to the other. The feathers of afowl Tell You How To Get Them Eve Time

—§iunt;1830§a;o 400 rods of ditch In a. of 10w vitality grow slowly; they are like- I’y





END me your name and address on a postal. I want to mail you

my World's Championship Hatching Facts. 1 want to tell you

how you can get championship hatches—how you can beat every



other Incubator in your neighborhood. I want to tell you how, you can

make the most money, at least expense, with least effort. I want to tell

you how my champions (shown above) get 100 per cent hatches and

how they raise their chicks. I will tell you how and why my Belle City

won six world‘ s championships against machines costing from two to

five times more. And I’ll quote you a price that will surprise you—the

lowest price you ever heard of, for the incubator that has established

an unequaled record for perfecthatching. Won' t you write me a postal?

The facts, proofs and information I’ll send will guide you 71 yht in

making the wisest selection of an incubator and broader.





ly to be dull and rufllled, as compared

with the close fitting, smooth, fu'lly de-

veloped, bright plumage of the vigorous

fowl.



A vigorous 'fowl is always found with

a full crop if suitable food is available.



Any single evidence of physical weak-

ness alone may not necessarily be con—

clusive, but a combination of several weak

characteristics is absolutely reliable.



Livingston Co. W. B. OPDYCKE.

THE CURE OF EUROPEAN FOUL



BROOD.





--can be operated at a cost of 3 to 4

cents a rod;



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—is guaranteed to live up to all our

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——price places it within reach of the

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You know the benefits and advan-

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Don’t put the matter off any longer.

Hundreds of farmers are getting the

benefits of increased crops from tiled

land and using Cyclone Ditchers to

dig their ditches. You ought to get

busy with a Cyclone at once. A Cy-

clone will do for you what it is doing

for hundreds of others.





1 - WRITE A POSTAL





for facts. figures and full information that ex-

1‘ . 8 lain! how you can make and save money with a

yolone Dltohor. We will send our free booklet



e bowing the‘ 0'yclone' at work, and names of cat-

ed users, come of them probably in your own 10-

onlity. Don' t put it 01!. but send for book now.





1“”um





/World’s Champion Belle City





The C-Time Winner





 





is making big money for 195,720 other folks,under

all conditions. I want to send you letters from

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customers are my friends. I want to tell you

exactly how my World's Champion Belle City is

made—how l have embodied in it emyt/Izng that

makes a. hatcher successful. I want to tell you

about my famous double walled hot-water

brooders guaranteed to raise the chicks-all

about my manufacturing, selling and shipping

plan that makes my remarkably low price pos-

sible. 1' 11 show you why you never before could

get such sure profit- -makers for so little money.





‘ Write Me a Postal





Just say' 'Send World’ 3 Championship Hatching

Facts. ” It’ s free. I ll quote you my lowest price.

freight prepaid. I'll tell you how you can have

1,2 or3 months home test of a \Vorld’ s Cham-

pionship Belle City at my risk—how I protect

you by my personal 10 year guarantee. I’ll send

you all these sensational facts it you just write

me a postal. Do it now. Jim Rohan, Pres.





 





--vww .... V..-





Treatment for American foul brood,

which was described last week, can be

used for European, but those who use

the following treatment carefully will

Save their combs, bees, hives and uten-

sils. This cure is on the line of intro-

ducing new blood into the apiary, which

will necessitate the getting of choice Ital-

ian queens of best honey-producing

strains, to be used for breeding purposes.



Now for the cure. Go to every diseased

colony you have and build it up, either

by giving frames of maturing brood or

by uniting two or more until you have

them strong. After this, go over every

one and remove the queen; then, nine

days later, go over them again and be

sure to destroy every maturing queen





 





 





Address The Jeechke Mtg. 09..

Box I I I. leilevuo, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





and Money-Back offer





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





Barn ,__

Cleaning -

Made





EASY





JAMES

IANURE

CARRIER

eaves work and

time. Dumps

big load rizln in-

to the spreader.

wagon, shed or

on pile away from

barn. No heavy.

pushing. Makes _ . .

harm may to clean ,.. . .

and easy to [up clean. Keeps stock healthy. increases

milk yield. saves all the liquid and solid manure.





JAMES MANURE CARRIER

FRE-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





has 12 or more advantages not found in

' now. Let it give you more time for other

Send penal work. Ask for Free Book No- 11. Tells

floor plan for

' . tiers Fecd’l‘rucks, and Book No.103bout

building 0' red lamc's Stalls, Stanchions, Pens, etc. Free.

get Mr.

expert 3dVi€¢ JAMES M." COMPANY





other carriers. Get your James carrier up



sketch 0‘ your about James Milk Can Carriers, Feed Car-

modelin



flames Write stating number oi cows you own.



FREE. 031 Can. 59., Ft. Atkinson, Wlo.





 





 





to You at





 





60 Days Free Trial—You Run No Risk





The Witte is conceded the best engine

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And You Now ’Pay Only

FACTORY PRICE





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Write for book "How to Judge a Gasoline En-

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WITTE IRON WORKS CO.

8191 Olldend Ave. Kenna. Clty. Me.





The WI TTE

Cuts Gasoline

~ Bills in Half





     





 





ALWAYS lender the MICHIGAN nun

who we: m writing new.





   





cell. or virgin if any have hatched. Then

go to your breeding queen and take

enough of her newly hatched larvae to

rear enough queen cells to supply each

one of your diseased queenless colonies

with a ripe queen cell or a virgin queen

just hatched. These are to be introduc-

ed to your diseased colonies on the twen-

tieth day after removal of their old queen

and not one hour sooner; upon this very

point your whole success depends, for

your young queen must not commence to

lay until three or four days after the

last of the old brood is hatched. or 27

days from the time the old queen is re-

moved. If you are careful about this

matter of time between the last of the

old brood hatching and the young queen

commencing to lay, you will find that

the bees will clean out their breeding

combs for the young queen, so that, when

she lays, fine healthy brood will hatch.

It is not necessary to remove any of

the combs or honey from the diseased

colony. The old queen had best be killed

—'—not that she is responsible for the dis-

ease, for she is not‘, but a young Italian

queen, reared from choice stock, is worth

much more. Buy the best queens ob-

tainable and have each shipped with a

three-frame nucleus, so as to run no

risk in introducing her into a full colony.

Shiawassec Co. N. F. GUTE.





'BOOK NOTICES.





 





Opera Stories, by Harry L. Mason, 188

Bay Shore Road, Boston, Mass, is cal-

culated to furnish persons who wish to

know the story of an opera without read-

ing its entire libretto, with that oppor-

tunity. This interesting pamphlet of 90

pages contains in a few words the stor-

ies (divided into acts) of 132 operas, also

portraits of leading singers. Published by

the writer, price 50 cents.



Bookkeeping and Accountipng Exercises.

By R. J. Bennett, C.A OF .A. This is

a collection of problems to supply mate-

rial for supplementary work for students

in bookkeeping. The problems are care-

fully graded. Cloth 12mo. Part I, 96

pages, 400. Part II, 112 pages, 45c. Am-

erican Book Company, Chic-.Igo



An instruction book for the operation,

care and adjustment of Overland automo-

biles, Models 69 and 71, is furnished by

the Willys-Overland Co., Toledo, Ohio,

to their patrons. This is a 100-page

book, fully illustrating the details of the

construction of these models and contain-

ing much valuable information relating

to the maintenance, care and use of

cars. as well as the making of necessary

adjustments, etc.





 





An Appreciative Reader.



I wish to compliment you on the way,

Yes. many ways, you are improving the

Michigan Farmer and making it more

valuable to your patrons. -—W. .ManleY.





 





Sandusky, Mich .





 





 





Belle City Incubator Co., Box 14





Racine, Wis. '





 





 





 





 





The Incubator that Gives

Years of Hatching Service

Write for catalogue of high-

class. low-priced machines.

Sizes run from so-egg to 800-

egg capacity. You can inspect

these incubators at dealer’s in

his“ town. We will send you

name and address.





Q

'I'IIE BA A & BENDEI C0.

2001mm t.. “senior. Ind.





new MANKATII





D 'rect from factory. 18 years experi-

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triple walls, asbestos lined

hot water heating

tank, scli regula-





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





tor, automatic

ventilation, safety

lamp, nursery. tested ther-

mometer. Comes allsct up. read

to start. Write ior free Catalog an

Poultry Book. Address



Innketo Incubator Co., Box 875 . Hunksto. Minn.





   

 





 





 





   





You Can Earn a Good Living

Raising Poultry ...“





Cut down living expenses—nine poultry for

your own use and for sale to neighbors. Thou-

sands make money this way with





IICCESSFIII. INCIDBATORS

MRS





 

   





no 56733 "d ,

[Me Prodneen—Lll'el’reee non " 9

Why don ’tyou do thee-me. ’leern how any It in to start. Booklet “How to





Mao 48 out of 50 Chicks"—-lOu. Catalogue mks. wI-m today. Addree.

Des illolnes Incubator Co., 888 Second St.,“' Des Molnes, ll.





125 Egglncubator

‘  ’ I and Brooder 1‘25.“ glo





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





' described them. Sand for it ”day.





kennel. Incubator Co.,

w 12 MmWM





2029.25 POULTRY





T 11 ho to d 1])

130111er ozthe 0:33; frr‘m. B o o K





‘ How to make u first-clan,

brooder out of an old piano R

box. What breed! lay best.





Plum for poultryh omen, how

to feed “breed etc. Ducri bee

PRAIRIE STATE Incubators and Broaden

You will be surprised at the valuable information it eon-

tainl. It Itree. Write poet-l for a no ! tode





mm. Slate Incubator to. 413mm 3 .. lion-r cm fa





YOUR "ENS—“1"!“5‘N‘”





 





     

   





 

 

   

   





 





 





 





 





P l-'I L 5’5 65 Varieties





LAND and Water Fowle. Farm-

raieed with efi e in season.

Send 20 for my valuable unrated de-





scriptive Poultry Book for 1918. Write

Henry Pale. Box 675, Freemtt. III.





48 BREEDS Fine pure bred chickens,

ducks. geese and turke 3.



Northern raised hardy and very beauti ul,

Fowls. eggs and incubators at low prices.

America’s greatest poultry farm. Send 40.

for large fine, Nineteenth Annual Poultry Book.





II. F. IlEllBElll’. no: 331 mum. mm.

W 0N SWEEPSTAKES





will"

I ‘ ' at Battle Creek Dialnand Crystal Poultry

i’lfi‘rfin’cfig‘ Show Dec 17-22 1912 on solid Am. varieties

also], 2,,4,heu I, 2,4,ckl 2,3,.pul

Battle Creek, lid" 4, ck. 2, mm and several specials on 12





birds, 8 breeders exhibiting IV. Wyandots. Stock for sale. Eggs

and chicks by parcels post Circuiur free.





-. Pure-Bred

Chlehene, Ducks.

" Goose.1'urkeye.





Ileo Incubators. Supplies and Collie

m. nd do for laPrge I’oult try book

Itncubator Catalog andP List.

IIIJI. HINIKER, Box 50, Manhto. Minn.





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





COLUMBIA Wyandottes. Winners at Chicago, Grand

It apids. South Bend and St, Joseph. Stock and eggs

RICHARD SAWYEH, Benton Harbor, Michigan'





BARBED ROCK COCKERELSM 0‘ the Bfiad'é’fi “Jill‘s





he\ last. A. A. PATTULLO. Deckervilie. Mich





 





 





WHITE Wyandottee—25 May and June hnt(hod

cockerels weighing from 7 to yi7! lbs. from my famous

winter laying strain. L. M. OLDS, Ypsilanti. Mich.





 





MAMMOTH Bronze Turkey tome & hens, Silver ct

Partridge Wyandotte cock' ls, Ind. Runner drakea.

Prices reasonable. E. H. a J. A. Collar, Coopersvillo, Mich.





CRYSTAL WHIIE OBPIIGI0I$‘§,§f,W.‘i,".§"°§,,YflfI§:

M





gs after Januar lath. Matingllst sent.

LLIS ROUGH, ine Crest Farm, Royal Oak, Mich.





 





 





Barred Rock Cockarels‘?“ ““‘dy."’I"°Z£‘g. “133%

rpm 1'83 13 0



reasonable. W. 0. Cofiman. R.6 enton arbor.Mich



Siher SOME“ and white Wyandottcs, a fine lot. of





young stock. New circular January lat.

Portland Mich.





 





Browning' s Wyandotte Farm. R. 30.





Hll’l‘E WynndotW—The most beautiful and use-

fAmerican breeds. Igland for 1912 circular

A FRAMNKLIN SMITHJI 9. Ann Arbor, Mich.





' Barred Rocks Reds, M

g I i1? winnings] moth Pekin artidféfifintnner (“31%

tok area 6. lierse I y r

Emwoon rungggfifl Ii $2No in Grand Bapidm’ilioh.





LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY

2;: Pin? Ig' girl'flnegs‘for 31.26. ohowio: .5?“ W

oonou 'c LILLIli Ooovenvi lo. Mich.





 





 





 





 





DOGS.





HCUIDS FOB HUIIIIG Ergéoagfihgfi“ FEIBEIS





Bond 20 stamp. Holmesvllle. Ohio





 





 





mu m m ...-SEW“?





better prices; make moergfiid





YOUR ICIEI ... :mfisfifl-





”drummer“.

her: ”m b R0 be him-

self—If. hmfigfit‘gzr-n glam. Addre- .





MIMI-debt“. ll3lm8h3uflal!





 





1h hb SCOTCH COLLIE PUPPIES. Dam



"NE T by Bellfleld Wonder. Six-ed byAlton



Montfi'n Sable and white. Farm raised. Price 36.

L,LER Box 127, Hilladale. Michigan.





Hill SALE—Them Ighbrgd Scotch Callie Pups.





Five weeks old. R0 880. Birmingham, Mich.





 





 





Mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing to advertisers.
- 84- ~28





ence, boil





50 Years Ahead of Any 0th





Best For Over

IOO Years





Four generations of fruit tree growm experi-

re





ed down, is read 'for you absolutely e o charge.





planting, packing and shipping.

er Nursery In America





Wl‘l¥ don’t you take advantage of our Special Servloe Depart-

men





_ All Advice Free to You. We send

tific methods of preparing your soil for b





ow to prune your trees, givgvyou best methods of





how to spray the Stark way. e make your





big money maker. Write us at once for Stark





fruit tree literature and statistics. Write today.

I . l) . .

stark Bro s NURSERIES &0RCHAR SCO . R. R.





l . Don’t experiment with fruit trees 0 unknoum productiveness uncertain

I quality. Stark .Trees always pay big. The secret is in Stark Brothers’ per-

fect method of growmg, trans





you tree the best scien-

Iggeet promo: show on

tark cultivation;

orchard a winner and a

Year Book. complete





No. 80. LOUISIANA, M0-





4 Record of One Hundred Honorable Huocuqfiel Years in Business





 





 





Great Crops of .

Strawberries





and How to Grow Them





IS a beautifully illustrated

book of expert information

written by America’s most

" successful strawberry grow-

er. It gives the famous Kel-

logg sure-crop method and

explains just how Pedigree

Plants are grown on the

' great Kellogg plant farms





/

RE 0 in Michigan, Oregon and

l E a Idaho. Any man, woman,

boy or girl. who reads this

book can grow big crops and get big prices. 1, Straw-





berries yleld more dollars per acre than any other crop.

Our book tells the whole story. It’s FREE to you.





ll. M. Kellogg 00. Box 575, Three Rivers, Mich.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





The sower

has no second chance.

A good beginning is the

only safe rule; put your‘

faith in the best seeds you

can buy. Ferry's have had the

highest reputation for over 50

years. For sale everywhere.

1913 Catalogue free on request.





Save llali Your Tree Money!





Buy trees direct from Green at less than half

agent’s prices! No agents or solicitors.

You get wholesale prices no matter

how little you buy.





   

   

   

   

 





 

 

 





 





 





   

   





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





For large or small orchards. market

gardens, potato farms, grain, cotton,

tobacco. home and garden work.

poultry plants. whitewashing.

cleaning, cold water painting.

etc. From Bucket, Knapsack

and Barrel Sprayers to



Traction and 50. 100,





r o and 250 gallon

awer Sprayers—

complete or in part





t o b u i l d u p

Sprayers al - ,

ready in use.





   

 

 





h av e

on tel dc

pumps, no

c 0 rr as i o n .

Unit Sprayers, so

you can build big-

ger when necessary,

Ask your dealer to show

them and write for new





 

 

 

 





 

 

   

 





4 o c o m - .

b i n a - booklet. “Spraying Vmei‘.

tions. Tree: and Bushes. " We also



make full line potato machines.



garden tools, etc. 4

Balemen'M'l'x Co.

3°! 1044

Grenloch,





 





 





Q





GET THE BEST





A Good Spray Pump earns

big profits and lasts foryears.





   





 

 





‘- menting!





on spraying Free.

MORRILL & MORLEY MFG. (30., Box 2, Benton Harbor, Mich.





, THE ECLIPSE





is a good pump. As

'~ \_ practical fruit growers



' we were using com-

mon sprayers in our own

orchards—foundtheirdefects

and invented the Eclipse. Its

success forced us to manu-

facturing on a large scale.

You take no chances. We

have done all the experi-

Large. fully illus-

trated Catalog and Treatise





\





Two Important





The Codllng Moth.



The codling moth’s family tree runs

back 'to the time when the important

events of the day were noted on stone,

and the writers were paid by the yard of

papyrus they filled. Probably the first

record of the work of ‘the present apple

worm’s ancestors was Cuto’s mention of

the wormy apple about 200 years before

the Christian era. It? was not, however,

until 1728 that the first detailed descrip-

tion of this pest was given, and in 1819

the first American account: appeared. It

seems that the world waited f0r an Am-

erican to give. the. first suggestions as to

its control. In the 1870’s Dr. Riley sug-

gested that Paris green was as good for

codling moth as it was for the potato

bug.



This insect, which does an annual dam-

age of about twelve million dollars a

year. spends the winter in a cocoon hid-

den under a piece of loose bark on the

tree, or perhaps in the crevices of an

apple barrel or basket. It does not go

into, the, pupa] stage, the stage between

worm and moth, until spring. ‘After g0-

‘ing through that trunsformution it. comes

out as a moth, about three—quarters of

an inch long with wings spread and of

an unpretentious dark grayish brown col-





 





Save Your Fruit





You will more than double your





   





l





 





trees





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   

 

 

 





 

 





' Send (or this interesting book “How 0

lMadethe Old Farm Pay, ” glvir'ig actual \‘e ‘1‘

growing and lantin experiences and at





valuable prac ion] a vice on caring for ‘_

trees, vines, plants, etc. Ask for a copy. .

Green's {5333 Catalog FREE

Tells abou the wo,ooo fine fruit

trees we have for sale—apple

peach. pear, plum. quince an

cherry—sure growers lg bear-

ers and true to name. liustrates

and describes best varieties.

Write at once For both books.

GRBBN'B NURSERY COMPANY

30 Wall St. . Rochester, N.Y.





GOOD SEEDS





DEST III THE WORLD





New Crop Grown at Farmer Prices. In addition a lot

of extra FREE SEEDS thrown in with every order.





BIG SEED BOOK FREE





Our Grand Biz Illustrated Catalog of all Farm and

Garden Seeds is now ready and free to you. Write for

it today. Send names and address of neighbors who

buy seeds. Address





RATEKIN'S SEED HOUSE

SHENANDOAH. IOWA Box 17





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 





 

 

 





f\,WE ARE FARM

‘, SEED SPECIALISTS





mi We have endeavored to produce



the best Corn. Oats. Medium.

Mammoth and Alsike Clover, Timothy,

Beans. etc. Our free booklet tells how we

accomplished it. Send for copy to-day.





0. C. SHEPARD C0. 9 M Ava, Medina. 0.





   

 





 





 





 





   

   

   

     

 

 

 

 

   





Apple Trees

Sc Each

Cherry 140

Plum 15c, Oatalpa.





 

 





o h 0 tr- -.

05 mnonow





'1'“ ”475's?

ADELE)”





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     





effective sprayer mode. The in-

creased yield of fruit the first you

will more than pay for it.

can melt. Easy to operate and

produces a constant, uniform

spray. We manufacture a full

\ line of hand and power Sprayers.



Write for catalog and sprayer

calendar mailed free to any





_ —._=:-fi\





   





 





   





— —_i farmer or fruit grower.

Write for \. Creetline Mfg. Co.

Agency \ ”J 8202 Creetline. Ohio





fruit crop if you will spray you:





2' with a... CRESTLINE

Bronco Double Acting Hand Sprayei





New improved Automatic Agitator.

Ratchet movement. Brass lined cylin<

der. Bronze ground valves. The very

latest design, simplest and most





Any one





 





 





 





glVe M ake

ra ers

For %Ve¥ybod





Bucket. Barrel.4-Row Potato s rayon.

Power Orchard Rigs. e c. .



There’s a Field sprayer for every need, pro~



pounced by all experts the world's best line.





THIS EMPIRE KING





leads everything of its kind. Throws fine

mist sprayWith strong force, no clogging.

strainers are brushed and kept clean

and liquid is thoroughly agitated

automaticali .

. Corrosion lm‘possible.

Write for direct ons and

formula. Also catalo on

entire sprayer-line. We ave

.5 the sprayer to meet your

' exact wants. Address

FIELD P0308 PUMP 00.

18 Eleventh Street, Elmira, ll. Y.





 

 





m.

r:-





 

 

 

 





souE'riuuc new _,

“KANT-KLOG” t.

SPRAYERS \





\\\\_-

Gets twice the results Fa... =3.- 3

with same labor and fluid. -“‘

Flat or round. fine or course sprays

from some nozzle. 'l‘en styles. For

trees, potatoes, gardens, w ltewash~

ing,etc. Agents Wanted. Booklet free.





Rochester Spray Pump (:0.

169 Broadway. Rochester. N.Y.





 

 

 

 





 





 





Speelou Seedlings, 8 to [2111.31.75 per 1000





res

Grass Seed. Seed Potatoes, Corn and Grain, Fruit and Forest

Trees, Small Fruits and Flowaring Shrubs. Frei ht prepaid on

31.0 tree orders. We have no agents. Send for Setalog today.

momenta-le- and Seed Home, Box 115 . Beatrice, Nebr.





 





SeodOets Barley, Ru 0, Alfalfa,

“3,0 'l‘lmothy;j C over, Soy

I





. pe

seen com 3:;





“25:35,” ungulnn Millet,

u I eat, Seed Pot-toe .

"etc. Quality ante . 1100 lath. Catalog and sun «is



heel: - ‘.N.BOM.NW. h





 





 





 





I

These are a few examples of the rock-bottom prices quoted in

my new 1913 Ceteltg lets all kinds of nursery stock such as

Vegetable, Flower, s and Farm Seed. Alfalfa, Clover, Field .





Crates, Bushel Boxes. and Climax Baskets

AS YOU LIKE THEM.





We manufacture the Ewnld Patent Folding Berry

Boxes of wood veneer that lve satisfaction. Berry

box and crate material in t e . D. in cnrlond lots

our specialty. A liberal discount on early orders.

A postal brings our price list. '





CUMBERLAND FRUIT PACKAGE C0..

, Dept. B, Cumberland. Wis. .





 





 





 





 





‘Aright New Book





 





Free. of Cost .to (Gordeners eve





W. ATLEE BURPEE 8; CO.





0 180 Pages for 1913





Telling the Plummet about Bunsen-QUALiw-sscgos. is mailed





 

 





 





   





 





   

 





rywhere upon "Application to





1138, Philadw‘ "'1 _ '





 

 





 





 

   





 





.gfufie





01'. It is not given much toward making

public appearances and ilics about only

under the- cover of night.



A few days after it comes out as a

moth it starts laying eggs, and it is es-

timated that each female lays about 75

eggs. These are sometimes laid on ap-

ple-s and branches but most of them are

laid on the upper side of a leaf. They

look like little white specks und might

be mistukcn for a little speck of spray.

They are a litilc larger than a pin head.

In about eight days the. eggs hatch into

worms, which seek the nearest apple and

enlci- it generally at the- blossom end if it

is a first brood worm and more often at

the side if of the second brood. After

about 18 days of eating and growing the

Worm leaves the apple, finds a. conven-

ient place to spin its cocoon ‘and settles

down to a period of rcsi' and change.

After about two weeks in the cocoon the

lowly worm comes out as a beautiful

moth. The life of the codling moth g0-

ing through all of its changes of form

is about sevcn weeks. except for those

that passed through the winter.



A good way to become familiar with the

various forms of the moth is to hand

some trees with :1 strip of burlap about

eight inches wide and just long enough

to go around the tree and lap a. little.

One small headed nail or one with the

head out off will be enough to fasten the

band. The worms will find this a con-

venient place to spin the cocoons which

can be gathered by cutting off the piece

of burlap or bark to which they adhere.

These cocoons should be placed on a dish

with a little moistened earth in it, and

a lantern chimney with a. piece of net-

ting tied over the upper end placed over

it. When the moth emerges from the

coc00n it will be confined in this cage.

The cocoon and moth forms. can be eas-

ily studied by this method. The worm

form can be found in the apple. The egg

fiorm isharder to get' familiar with be-

it is sometimes hard to find.





 





 





r





 





 





JAN. 18, 1913.





Insect Enemies.





., The Curcullo.



This insect was not imported from Eu-

rope or China. but is a true American, all-

‘though you would not think so if you

try to pronounce its scientific name, Con-

otrachelus nenuphnr. This insect is im-

portant to the fruit grower because it not

only attacks the plum but also the peach,

'the» cherry, and the apple.



The cui‘culio beetle is not beautiful

like the codling moth, but is a black or

dark brown insect with white and yellOW

spots on its win covers. Its back is all

rough and llllllll'g’and it has a snout or

proboscis that is about one-third as long

as the beetle itself.



This plum gi-owcr’s trouble maker pass-

es through the winter in the beetle- form,

hibernating in convenient hiding places.

“hen the young green fruit has just

been formed the female starts about lay-

ing eggs. She does this by puncturing

the skin of thc fruit and runs her snout

obliquely under it and works it back and

forth until 'the hole is large enough to

receive the. egg. which she immediately

deposits. Then she cuts a crescent shape

slit in front of the hole which will pre-

vent the growing fi‘uit from crushing the

egg. All told, shc lays about 450 eggs

and takes about four months to complete





 





 





Gathering Leaves to Enrich Soils for Root Growing.

her job, although the» process of laying

a single egg lasts only about five min-

utles.



About four or five days after the egg





is laid :1. little worm hatches out and

starts immediately to eat its way into

the fruit. \Vormy peaches, plums and

cherries are thc result. After spending

about three w0cks in the fruit the worm

makes its cxit and goes into the ground

where it forms its cocoon. It' stays

there about four weeks and then comes

out as a bcctlc. Those bcetles do not

mate and lay eggs until spring.



Like the codling moth, the beetle does

it‘s feeding and 05:5: laying at night. Dur-

ing the day it stays under concealment

in the thickly foliateld parts of the tree.

It is a very sly creature and if disturbed

it will fold its snout and legs under itself

and drop to the ground and play possum.

In cool weathcr it will lie apparently

lifeless for nearly 30 minutes. This pos-

sum pluying can be taken advantage of

by spreading a sheet. under the tree and

then jarring it. The beetles will drop

on the shoot and can then be collected

and destroyed. This was practically the

only method of lighting this pest before

spraying came into use. It is still used

by many growers in conjunction with

spraying.



Spraying is, of course. the best method

of control and is used with efficient re-

sults without the aid of other methods.

Besides jarring the tree, cultivation in

July and August helps keep the curculio

in check by destroying the cocoons in

'the ground. Chickens in the orchard will

do the same work and more thoroughly.



Stung and wormy fruit are signs of the

work of this insect on peaches, plums

and cherries. Apples attacked by it are

generally small and very knobby, the

places that are attacked apparently mak-

ing no growth after being stung. It cer-

tainly makes an unsightly and unsulable

apple.





Van Buren Co. F. A. WILKEN.





 





 





9‘ “"‘"‘VI”" ~
s- v-rwu-v n





""‘*W..





“Save Your Food Sacks





 





 





 





   





 





 

 





Use Arsite

Don’t Spray Again and Again





 





Arsite is the most powerful

potato-bug killer made, yet it

will not burn the foliage be-

causeitcontainsnofreearsenic.



Hermann’s Arsite sticks to

the foliage'even through heavy

showers and kills quickly all

leaf-eating insects.





Herrmann’s





ARSITE





Anite keeps indefinitely under all

conditions. It mixes at once with

Bordeaux or freshly slaked lime so-

lotion and remains in suspension—

will not settle and clog the pump.



Arsite is the most economical,

handy insecticide you can use. One

pint does the work of 3 to 6 pounds

of Paris Green and 10 to 12 pounds

of Arsenate of Lead.



Arsite is sold in 3 5c half-pint cans

and in 65c pints; Calite in 30c pints

and 50c quarts. We can supply you

if your dealer can not.



If you do not use Bordeaux or

freshly slaked lime, Herrmann’s

Calite is just the thing you want.

Ready to place in the spraying ma-

chine with water only-ready to use.





Write for full information

about these new insecticides.

The Hermann Laboratories

For Insecticides and Fungicides

Morris H & C .



33 Fifth Avenugrgfi‘il'rll?ng, Ngw York

Sole Manufacturers of Hermann‘s iii-Grade



Pure Paris Green ‘





.Eml,‘





m...





lill‘.|:;: l'





 





li'llllll





muumnmmm-Immmmmmmnmmmmmmmmnulnnunmummmmumsnmmmmn Ill

fllflflllllflfllllfllfllflllflflflflllflfllllfllfllflmmlfllflfll





 





 





PURE — m — UNADULTEMT-

Fifty cents worth—five lO-cent packets ire.

-—of germination-tested seeds, trneto nnme.





sure to grow. Just send re cents to

cevor cost of pecking and mailing and

I will send you this furious collee ion:

Champion Pickle Cucumbers. ls ch-

Iess Tom-toes. Prizebold Lettuce,



0 ‘units (‘Ilgbe Oinlorlls, Lucrge

_ 0.3..110 Sic. all. no. urge ou-

TB" is our ex pon Envelope. returnable as Zoo in cash on





59:;g'ggfgzli2‘: an order of 81 or more.

9’ growing “gm KW. NFFEIENT , How +0

seeds. "Gsllo- ORIGINAL SEED 300' p' i ii"

wey" cl w a y s Showing largest selec- an e

m on n s "ber- fion pure. genuine. un—

gain" and qusl- adulternted g e r d e n ,

flower and field seeds.

Contains fielderticles by .

Prof. M. L. Bowman.

1 ‘- This book is free—

. and new].

Galloway Bros.

Bowman 00..

llox Mil-A ‘

Waterloo, m '





Quick Sprouteu

Big Produc e rs





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





D.W.Jenkins onroe Neb.,

writing abou his 191% crop

of Hog Pasture Mixture,

so a: ”When the pasture was

at its best the bogs would stay

in the pasture instead of com-

ing for corn. The mixture

proved to be just the thing in the

right place. No farmer can make

a mistake by sowing it. I





URBWOLD'S

“ Ready oulck ”





ling Pasture Mixture





produces in the hot summer when other

stores are short and feed is source.

on be planted in summer for fall feeding.

Great for stock of. all kinds. Growsquickly

...produces big tonnage of fine reen fodder

when it is needed most. Write t ay for riees

also free book of Garden and Field 8e 5. '





omwous SEED ”MFA" .

/ 25380. 101!) 81., Unooln, Nob.





 

 





 





It pays to take care of them. The bring 89"“

money. . Write what you have and we wi l name price.





DRAKE ‘IAG 00-. Dex 30. Pertllsren. Hid!





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





APPLE‘NOTES.





 





Are the summer varieties of apples be-

ing planted in the commercial orchard as

much as they should be? The early fruit

usually brings a good price. Even ap-

ples of an inferior quality find a ready

sale. And much of this early stock is

inferior. If a reasonable amount of at—

tention were given to growing attractive

fruit, the demand for both culinary and

dessert apples could be largely increased.



At present there seems to be little fear

of a surplus in the production of sum-

mer apples. They are classed among the

periShnblc fruits, so must be marketed

quickly. To be at their best they should

not be picked till ripe, so are not suited

to a. long shipment. This limits the area

most suitable for them to a nearby mar-

ket. Their field of commercial usefulness

is considerably smaller than that of the

winter varieties. But those fruit grow-

ers who are favorably situated will do

well to consider the merits of the sum-

mer varieties when planting orchards.

varieties

is a good





One of the favorite summer

is the Yellow Transparent. lt

apple for dessert as well as for cooking.





 





l

l

The golden color makes it an attractive;i

l





fruit for the table, while the flavor is

agreeable. The tree begins to bear early,

so it can be made use of as a filler

among slower maturing varieties. It is

a heavy bearer, which is its fault. The

fruit is liable to be small. But this fault

may be corrected by severe thinning

when the tree- begins to bear.





Although it has an English name it is}





of Russian origin, but dropped its foreign

cognomen on crossing the Atlantic. An

example which many other varieties





 





would have done well to follow. In a list

for the home orchard or for a nearby

market the Yellow Transparent should

be considered, but the skin is too tender

for long shipment.



Many foreign varieties have been in-

troduced, but few have proved ‘of much

value here, whatever ltheir merits at

home may have been. The Yellow Trans-

parent is one of those which have shown

themselves worthy of a permanent place

in American orchards and it is likely to

grow greater rather than less ‘in public





favor.

Sweet apples, what is the future for

them? “'ill it be any better than the





present? The demand has not been great.

so that the market has usually been sup-

plied, even though few sweet apples are

grown. As a dessert fruit the sweet ap-

ple has no place of importance. A tart

fruit is desired, something more than the

insipid flavor usually found in the sweet

varieties, when it does not border on the

bitter.



But it may be that the sweet apple

will yet find a place on the table. For

baking, some of the varieties are unsur-

passed, and when their merits are known

they should be in demand for this pur-

pose. Here is the opportunity awaiting

the right man—-“Grandma's baked sweet

apples,” such as a man remembers from

his boyhood. It might require some ad-

vertising and missionary work before a.

trade. could be secured, but that is no

more than has been done with some

other fruits of less real value.



Apple butter, why should there not be

a large market for that made on the

farm? Sweet Pearman’s are just right.

They make a butter such as is not to be

compared with the factory product. There

are other kinds of sweet apples that may

be used for this purpose, too.



Then there is apple and quince sauce.

made with just enough of the latter to

flavor the former. Sweet apples, of

course, as those,- who really know how to

make it will testify.



Boiled cider apple sauce is another pro-

duct that grandma. knew how to make

just right, a lost art that ought to be

revived. It is made of sweet apples,

large, striped fellows that tasted as

though they had been grafted onto sugar

canes.





 





A new variety. yields more per



, acre, of the finest. quality, and _



i'l a week to ten days earlier than



i to Red Fife. Originated at the Ot-

tawa. Experiment Station, Canada.



Our seed is Canadian grown and



‘. w the purest and finest. seed wheat

‘,, obtainable. Our price is f.o.b. Min;

neapolis, and includes bags. No duty



~ to try.



, Bu..p$3.00; 2 bu.,' at $2.90; 10 bu.. at

- $2.85. This wheat. as well as a full line of





' “Sciences





If no dealer in your vicinity sells our

seeds. write to us and we will fill your

orders. We have the largest. complete



' line of seeds in the United States.





Write monomeric





This book contains 144 pages filled with

illustrations and descriptions of the seed

best worth growing. This cxpensrve book

is mailed only to those_who request it.

We are glad to sendit, wrtbout obligation

on your part. to any address. ,





N ORTHRUP, KING & Co.

Sllbnfl'





MINNEAPOLIS. " ' MINN.





 





 





 





Valuable [lists on Varieties

and Planting FREE!





When buying any article of commerce. one

must depend almost entirely upon the seller.

He must. be able to inspire confidence, must

show that he knows his business and above

all, prove that he is honest. Have you

ever been disappointed in fruit not hearing

true? We have stood the test for 59 years as

Reliable Nurserymen. Florists and Seedsrnen

What. better guar-

antee can we give?

Why take any





 





risk ? Why not

deal direct and at

real cost?





E veryth ing in

Fruit and Orna-

mental Trees, Ev-

ergreens. R o s e 3

S hrubs. Vines

Bulbs. Flower and

Garden Seeds.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.



1,200 ncres, 47 Greenhouses.



' u 168- a e Catalo Nof

Write Today £2.35. 1.31st mg...

ml Tree Catalog No. 1; both free.





THE STORRS & HARRISON C0.





Box 45, Painesville, Ohio. (on)





0|! SEEDS





BEST III THE WORLD

Prices Below All Others

I will give a lot of new

sorts free with every order I

‘ fill. Buyand test. Return if

1 not 0. K.—-—money refunded.

Big Catalog FREE

‘ Over 700 illustrations of vege-

, tables and flowers. Send yours

and your neighbors" addresses.





R. H. SHU’MWAY, Rockford, Illinois.





NEW STRAWBERRIES.





Ontalog free. Reliable, interesting and instructive-

Ali about the new everbearers and other important





vari- ' '



9.... its New Progressive Evorbearmg Strawberry

Rockhiils Best of. All. Now offered for the first.

Flants slot lélflt egrlrzgtgnd fguitifnglbioratil the ground

rozo. ro uce a e ra e o . . A

GREAT SENSATION. Address per acre





0. ll. Flansburgh &. Son, Jackson, iilch.

SEED AT WHOLESALE PRICES.





Every variety a. money maker.

Potatoes. Oats, Corn. Cabbage,

Mangels. etc. Send for illustrated catalogue showing

photographs of growing crops. ERS & IM-

PORT I‘ZRS SEED 00., 21 Cliff St..Rochester.N.Y.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





' Packetsjof Vegetable Seeds $1.

36 Large Size 20 packets Flower Seeds 500 by

mail post aid. Price list free. W. . ALLEN &

SON, NU SEliY & SEEDSMAN. Geneva, Ohio.





 





 





It does seem as. though the sweet apple

ought to include a. goodly portion of the

orchard some day. -



Oakland Co. F. D. WELLS.





HAIRY 0R WINTER VETCH.





Farmers can buy seed at this time to

much better advantage than they can if

they wait until seeding time. They can

also secure the highest quality seed. The

same rule applies to alfalfa and other

seeds. Every farmer should have a, copy

of our 1913 Seed Catalog (28th annual

edition). It tells all about the great val-

ue of vetches, soja. beans, cowpeas, alfal-

fa. Write today, a postal card will bring

it to you. Address Alfred J. Brown Seed

00., Grand Rapids, Mich—Advertisement. i





 





 





 





   

 





STRAWBERRY PLANTS





5



’ ,Lnrge interesting catalog of vigorous



stock. hows many valuable illus-



)trations, 33 varieties. 01.65 per 1000.

Mention Michigan Farmer.





"AYERS PLANT NURSERY. Merrill. Mich.





WEEDLESS FIELD SEEDS





Are what We are trying harder than ever to furnish our custom-

ers. FREE SAMPLES will show that we come pretty near doing

it. In many varieties we DO 1T. Red, Mammoth, Alsike, Alfalfa,

Timothy. Orchard Gross. Sweet (flower and all others. Write

today 0. M. SCOTT & SON 56 Mun Slaw we.





PURE. FIELD SEEDS





Clover. Timothy. Alaike. Alfalfa and all kinds of

pro Fiel Seeds direct from producer to con

sumer: free from noxious weeds. Ask for sun ice.

A. c. HOY’I‘. It (30., Foster-ls. 0 lo.





500 000 TREES, APPLE, PEACH, ETC.





 





 





 





 





all St is I fit Olhl F196. -

new" a“. m .ua no...





 





 





‘ "’ w§_srros' -‘





;,./ . , ., nit:

Gregory egetables W'

‘ You will win next fall by grow

in: these, sent postpeid for only 1 00

Edmnd's Beet, Crosby Sweet Corn.

Mammoth Butter Lettuce, Earliest

Scarlet Radish, Spinach Swiss Chard,

also Gregory’s Famous Hubbard

Squash.





thgel’achtssfasicesi seen. 10:: g?

F me Catalog Free // '

#





 





“ ”Jill .





l i





Describes the best vegetable,

._.~ field snd flower seeds. Gives

.' honest prices for “Honest

Seeds." Write for it'to-dny.



-. J. J. H. GREGORY 6 SUI



. 242B. 81.. Isstlehssd. lass.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

 





“ _ é'lhere‘s Money





 

   





     

 

 





4 sir, there’s big money in

, them if you start with the :- ght

kind of plan ts—tbe sure grow kind.





Baldwin Plants





are all large and healthy. They are northern

grown, have heavy roots and are fully gumteed.





Read Our Guarantee

All plants are guaranteed to be first—class snd true

tonal-no, packed to reach you in good condition, (by

express) and to please you, or your money back.

This same guarantee applies to our Rupberry,

Blackberry, Currant and Grape lento, Seed Potatoes,

etc. Send for our new big cats now. Get started.





0.A. D. BALDWIN, I. I. 16. Bridgman. Mich.





 





   

 





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





Big 1913 Seed Caial lie

and Great Premium si

_A“ FREE Tellsyou





how you

an buy Vegetsble and Flower Seeds, Plants

nnd Nursery Stock at lowest prices, and get

valuable premiums for the home, kitchen or

fsrm free. Our ofl’crs for 1913 are the choicest

and most liberal in our 37years' history.

Succeed with Salzer’s Seeds

For 103 we my“ big packages of Seller’s fa-

mous Alfalfa Clover, Rejuvenatcd White Bo-

nanza Outs, Silver King Barley, and many

other packages fine farm seeds.

Flower seed collection -six generous packages

—briilinnt bloomers, 14c. Vegetable seed col-

lection—nix big packages—enough for a good

garden—160. Both collections for 25c, or send

300 and we add new Earliest Bed ’ ‘ 5 Hood

Tomato Novelty, alone costing 150.





,. -, _ Jaini.8dzsr$csilts.,13fl.tihst,lms,lla





 

 





 

 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





Q r. are cat as high quality as Wing’s Alf-11s,

‘ Corn and other term seeds.





2 We will mail large packet Beet, Lettuce,

Radish, Turnip and several samples of

5% choicest Field Seeds for 10¢ postpsid. :





“ And How H '

Alfalfa To Grow It. FREE 1,;

Our catalog helps farmers make more ‘ ‘

money. is a complete guide to Alfalfa ~ '

Culture. Descri bee field-r, vegetable—, and

flower seeds. Writefor your free copy.





0.





 





 





 





.elléiilllséeflS





Forty-eight years’ continue ex erience has

taught us how to produce the bes see 5. what varie-

ties are best to plant and how to give the best

service to our customers. largest establishmentln the

West. 8,500 acres in seed growing, 14 departments in

charge of experts, All the best novelties and standard

varieties of Garden and Farm Bee

Nurser Stock, Poultry Supplies, etc. Ask for a copy

of our rge, finely illustrated catalog. Address

IOWA SEED 00-. Dept. 62 DES MOINES, M.





     





 

   

 

 





 





 

   

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





write tor I Buy vigorous, healthy fruit and

ornamental trees and plants DI-



73rd RECT from the Most Complete Nurs-



er Stock in Americu. N0



Annual A cure COMMISSION TO PAY.

carefully and shipped proruptl .



catalogue yorldivgide reputation. W RITyE





Guaranteed "new species, packed

It. lope Rm 301893 Rochester, N. Y.





 





 





Hillfs Evergreens Grow





All hardy stock-twice trans~

planted—root pruned. Pro-

tect buildings. stock, crops.

Hill's Evergreen Book. illustra-

ted iu colors. Free. Write today.





minimum Ce. he. 230 Code 8t.

. Dundee,lll. guerdrem‘Spwialigts '





 





 





 





preoocoornui‘r TREES-





fl‘he time to buy trees is when you see

then ofiered by responsible parties st

ibuonsble prices. We hove been furnish-

ing trees to the punter for 29 yesrs, end

’ today can sell you quality trees at prices

that will utonish you, Satisfaction

guaranteed or money refunded. Write

today for our FREE wholesale illustrated

cotslogne of guaranteed True-to-Name trees.

KY 08. h WELLS 00.. 80 Main St, Dnnsvllle. N-Ya

svllle Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries.





 





 





HOLESALE PRICES





Extra hesvyroojedh' e _ ,





r





, ,. . .,

elation-y. Bush rhea, 02:0..Vfl’find Gard ,M

W». m "m
86—30





Oet Your Ne





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





ghhers To Subscribe To The Michigan

Farmer and Earn Some of These Premiums.





You know that at the new reduced prices The Michigan Farmer should be read by every

farmer in Michigan and nearby territory. You will be doing your neighbors a favor by getting

them to give you their subscription and at the same time you get for your trouble one or

more of these premiums.





SUBSCRIPTION PRICE TO REMIT:

Subscribing for two, three and five years saves not only the

difference in rate but also the trouble and expense of sending





lYear - - 50 cents 3Years - - $1.25





2 Years - - $1.00 5 Years - - $2.00

N Your own subscription alone does not entitle you to

a premium, but if you send a. club of two or more your own

can be one of them.





 





New Combination

Reference and Anat-

omical Wall Chart





 





Consists of 3 sheets and

6 pages, sheets are 28x36

inches. Virtually 6 charts

combined.





1. Map of Michigan.



1910 Census,



25 Live Stock Plates.

Farmers Handy Manual.

. Atlas of the \Vorld and





{59°57





5

L. S.

6. Charts of Panama Canal.





This Wall chart must be

seen to be fully appreciat—

ed. It is the best collec-

tion of charts ever brought

together. The anatomical,

feature will save many vet-

erinary bills. Mention Pre-

mium No. 215. .Sent post-

paid





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





For only two sub-

Scriptions.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





DULLISI IAIOI





 





SHARPENS





\‘nS'ro

l rms *

5m:





 





“Presto” the “All-in-One” Razor Strap





This strop is made from the finest horsehide leather, tanned

by special processes, then chemically treated with “all-in-one”

solution. This preparation is so thoroughly incorporated in the

leather that it is guaranteed not to peel, wear. scrape or wash

off. Any. man can strop a razor with as keen an edge as can

the most expert barber. A few strokes on the sharpening side,

followed by a like number on the finishing side does the trick.

The lot we have purchased are “Extra Strong” and it requires

but little stropping to bring a dull blade to a hair splitting edge. .

Mention Premium No, 211. Free for only two subscriptions.





 





 





Solid 14-K Gold Point Fountain Pen





This fountain pen is not one of the cheap. plated point pens

Usually given as premiums, that will corrode in a short time

and then are worthless. This pen has a genuine 14k gold point.

The barrel and cap are made of hard rubber. The manufacturer

fully warrants it for one year, and repairs during that time due

to defect will be made without charge or pen exchanged. The

guarantee slip is packed with each pen. Ask for Premium No.

221. Free for only two subscriptions. Postpaid.





 





 





Six Reliance Plate Tea Spoons ‘





For those who are exacting and wish a high-grade silver

plated teaspoon we have a large quantity of Oneida Community

Reliance plate spoons in the beautiful Wildwood pattern. These

spoons are plated by a special Oneida Community process and

are guaranteed for 25 years. They are_s01d by all leading

Jewelers at the protectedmprice of $1.00 _for. a setpf _six. Men-



tion premium No. 218. Free for only three subscriptions. Postpaid.





 





_ uon ‘Pfll‘mtum Ho. '





 





Silver Plated Carving Set





Cor-islets of Knife,10 inches long. and Fork 7% inches long.

Blade of knife and prongs of fork are made of best cutlery

steel. Handles are silver plated and stamped with a. beautiful

design. Thewt‘ing is on white metal, therefore it cannot wear



. r





w





throush; and ‘





8.58571"; Thiafietjs easily worth $2.00. Men-

Fm Mofly bur ,mbsm'lptions. Postpaid.





is: . . . .





an order each year.





‘ JAN. 18, .1913.





Address all correspondence to -





THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





scsgwomvsn





\\ MONKEY WRENCH





'Farmers Ideal Combination Wrench





Six Handy Farm tools in one. A pipe wrench, a nut wrench,

a screw driver and three dies for cleaning up and rethreading

rusted and battered threads. Dies fit all standard bolts used on

standard farm machinery. Requires no adjustment, never slips.

Will work in, closer quarters than any other wrench. Every

farmer should carry one of these handy little wrenches on a

binder, reaper, mower, etc. They are light, strong, compact and

easily carried in hip pocket. Mention Premium N0. 222. Sent





free- for only two subscriptions. Postpaid.





 





Every boy, young or old, would be

proud to carry one of these watches. It

is 16 size with nickle case. Stem set and

wind. Regular watch movement with

hair spring. Keeps good time. Guaran~

teed by the make-rs and repaired free of

charge for one year if given ordinary

care. Any boy who really wants a watch

can easily earn one in one afternoon.

Mention Premium No. 175. Sent postpaid

or only three subscriptions.





 





 





Myers’ “Awl for All ”



LOCK STITCH SE\VING AlVL, with

Straight and curved. needles. Makes a.

100k stitch with one thread and one op-

eration. For harness, sacks, canvas or

any heavy sewing. Regular price of this

awl is $1.00 in most stores. Mention Pre-

mium No. 123. Sent postpaid, free for

'wo subscriptions.





i

l

E ‘

”all





 





l





 





THREADING

flfl BLANK BOLT





 

 





We also give

as nremlums for

larger clubs, Sew-

lng Machines, Illn-

ner Sets, Vacuum

Cleaners and Gold

Walches- Write

us If interested,

mentioning which

arllcle you would

like to gel.





PIPE VWRENCH





 





 





A Genuine German Razor



Not a cheap razor such as is generally

used as a premium. It is made of best

steel, black handle, hollow ground, 5/g-in.

concave- blade; honed and stropped ready

for use. Guaranteed to give satisfac-

tion. Mention Premium No. 210. Sent

postpaid, free for two subscriptions.





 





 





Made by the Herman Boker Co., of the

very best material. Just the thing to

clip the boy’s hair with and save the

barber expense. Guaranteed to give sat-

isfaction. Mention Premium No. 223.





Sent postpaid, free for three subscrip-

tions.





 





USE THIS BLANK FOR SENDING YOUR ORDER





THE MICHIGAN FARMER DETROlT MICHIGAN.





 





(ienttlemenn Enclosed find $ ............ for which send T1119 MICHIGAN

FARMER to the following. For sending the club send me Premium No.. ..... .

Sender........ .................. l’. 0 ........ . ................ State ................. .

Yrs. Names ”2.?- P. 0. State
JAN. 18, 1613‘.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





31—87





 





 





i

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g Farmers Clubs

EIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII. IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Auoclatlonal Motto:

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.





 





Associational Sentiment:

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





TAXATION.





 





Address of Associational President Mc-

Bride, before the recent State Association

of Farmers’ Clubs.





(Continued from last week).



The Summer system of taxation, now

adopted by some cities, provides for the

standardizing of land frontage values and

tax them 75 per cent of their sale value

and the actual improvements at 25 per

cent of cost, Houston, Texas, has adopted

the above figures. The Mass-_ichuSetts

method, or the corporate excess tax, as

suggested by the State Tax Inquiry Com-

mission for Michigan, is in recognition of

this idea. Wisconsin has adopted an income

tax law which taxes all incomes over $800

for the individual who is allowed an ad-

ded exemption of $200 income for each

additional member of the family. The

law is not popular among professional

people but appreciated by the great

masses of home owners. This year will

be the first collection of the taxes under

the new law. \Visconsin avoided the ap-

parent unfairness between individuals and

corporations in the proposed corporate

excess law by including all incomes from

whatever source derived. VVisc'onsin still

adheres to the property tax but, where

the income tax is of greater amount than

the property tax, the former is used and

where less the property tax. There seems

to be an automatic adjustment of, taxa-

tion to conditions. A year of unprece-

dented crop failures would reduce the in-

come, tax and of great prosperity increase

it. One year it might be the property tax

and the next the income tax. These in-

cursions into the tax laws of other states

are interesting to see how an attempt is

made to reach community or social value

creations.



The most interesting and complex con-

ditions of values arise in connectiOn with

farm lands. On the mountain lands of

the southern states is found the primitive

eCOnomic man. He raises his own food

and clothing and, barring some expendi—

tures for tools, he has little or no ex-

changes ‘to make with the world. There

is no separation of his own skill and

labor as a distinct element for he is both

the producer and consumer and the an-

alysis would be of no advantage. Fin-

ally, when he or his descendants take

part more and more in the industrial

world, of producing food and raw mate-





“ rial and exchanging it for manufactured





products and professional services. his

skill and labor are made elements of farm

or land values. In the l'ncompaghre rec-

lamation project, desert land was value-

less, nominally if sold under the timber

and stone act $1.25 peracre. The gov-

ernment irrigation project added $25 per

acre to the land and provided water.. In-

stead of being worth $26.25 per acre it

was worth $50 to $100 per acre. The

rancher or farmer, by the competition

among themselves. for a place to follow

their vocation, were. willing to pay the

price for land. \th11 loans were sought

on these lands the limit of loan was one-

half the sale value. Disability or misfor-

tune might destroy the vocationahvalue

and that was not a loan value but is

made a matter of value for taxation pur-

poses.



Generous minded and well meaning

people bewail the fact that the American

boy does not stay on the farm and refuse

to recognize that the keen American born

boy sees the injustice of paying a voca-

tional tax as a farmer, while in all other

industries there is an earning or salary

allowance which is not taxed. He has

advanced out of the primitive economic

man on the mountain farm. but the sys-

tem of taxation has not yet recognized it.

What allowance for salary and for fer-

tility maintenance ought the farmer to

have excluded, and then reckon farm

earnings as is done in any other busi-

ness? Then on these returns capitalize

the farm for purposes; _of taxation. The

New York Experiment Station. made an

ec0nomic survey of Tompkins county and

found in many cases that many farms

were valueless. That is. they did not

pay currentvwages of operation. In other

words, that thesame labor if hiredswould





 





have rendered no return from the farm

above wages



The investigations in New York and

the experiment in taxation in Wisconsin

are exceedingly interesting, and among

the first attempts to recognize really phy~

sical and chemical facts in their relation

to land taxation;



Michigan ought not to be behind our

neighboring states and should give this

problem some attention. It is almost

pathetic that Michigan’s constitution pre-

scribes that all property shall be assessed

nt its cash value and, after delivering

this oracle, leaves the subject. The point

to these analyses of property values de-

pends on so many elements, like the rap-

idity of the turnover as in manufactur-

ing or merchandizing, which is not true

of agriculture limited by the seasons.

Timber holdings involve an automatic in-

terest return without labor and no pro-

vision for maintenance. City real estate,

with the ,increasng increment due to in-

creased population, and no impairment

or depreciation of value by use, as in

agriculture. Mines are worked to deple-

tion and no calculation or intent of res-

toration,‘ while agricultural fertility must

be maintained. The compensation re-

ceived by the professional classes for

their skill and ability is not property and

pays no taxes, while the skill of the

farmer is merged into the value of his

land and is subject to taxation. Farm

lands pay taxes on an annual valuation

which assumes that the soil is an inde~

structible asset while its average annual

depreciation approximates the interest on

its value at current rates.



All students of taxation are agreed that

the general property tax is. an impossi-

bility from the standpoint «of equity and

justice. When a state is almost com-

pletely an agricultural or mining or some

one interest predominant, then the gen—

eral property tax is reasonably flair. Mich—

igan has so many diversified interests

widely spread over the state, mining, lum-

bering, manufacturing, agricultural and

transportation, that it is impossible to

apply one rule, to all these industries and

do justice.





   





EIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII;

Grange.

El|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiJjI





Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved."





 





THE JANUARY PROGRAMS.





Suggestions for Second Meeting.



Song, by Grange chorus.



Roll call, responded to by quotations

from Vt'ill Carleton.



Echoes from institutes, by two women

and one man



Recitation.



How to make parcels post a strong

bond between producers and consumers.



Recitation.



\‘Vhat are we asking of the legislature

this winter? by master, followed by dis-

cussion of main subjects named.



What is meant by the “Referendum?”

“Recall?" “Initiative?"-—to be answered

by a woman



Roll call and recitations selected from,

Will Carleton's poems.





STATE LECTURER’S PROGRAM AT

STATE GRANGE. '





 





Co-opcrntion was the subject upon

which the State Lecturer sought to rivet

the attention of the Grange during the

few hours allotted to 'the annual lie-c-

turers’ conference or program which has

become a prominent feature of State

Grange meetings. The presentation of

the subject, however, was preceded by

the State Lecturer’s annual report in

which Miss Buell urged a more general

use of the helps offered through the State

Lecturer’s Bulletin, stating that during

the past year efforts had been put forth

to secure (from patrons in each of the

several counties, topics fitting the farm

and home conditions of every section of

the state, thus making the Bulletin more

nearly meet the needs of the entire state.

A good list of topics was thus secured

and has been freely drawn upon. Fol-

lowing instructions from last State

Grange, the years work on legislative

subjects was confined almost wholly to a

vigorous campaign of educatiOn in sup-

port of the equal suifrage amendment.





During the last quarter of the year

topics were suggested for discussion

which, quoting directly from the report,

“are receiving so much attention at pres-

ent and are of such future import that

they will need, in the coming year, to be

divided and presented, under one phase

and another, again and again. Among

these subjects are rural credits, parcels





 





post in extended form, business co-op-

eration and-agricultural college extension

work. Of necessity, in all of these must

the Grange take a deep interest. It does

not seem too much to say that the

Grange ought also to take an initiative

part in reaching the best possible solu-

tion of them. In orx‘ to further our

Grange study of one of these subjects,

it will be presented this afternoon in the

time set aside for the Lecturers’ confer-

ence. This is the subject of Co~opera-

tion, which will be discussed by one who

has given much close attention to it. In

no other way did it seem, to the Execu-

tive Committee and your State Lecturer,

possible to reach so many lecturers and

other leaders of our work with light upon

this subject—light .Which the speaker

brings from a field where busineSS co-op—

eraiion is already in effect in scores of

communities.”



Discussing the training of Grange lead-

ers Miss Buell pointed out that the

Grange’s lforce of lecturers, comprising

nearly 1,000 persons. undergoes a change

almost annually, thus presenting the for-

midable task of helping all these new

local leaders to catch a vision of the op-

portunity of a lecturer, and to impress

them with the- demand which our times

make upon the Grange to develop leader—

ship for every sort of rural activity. Lec—

turers have ample opportunity for search-

ing out possible leaders and for testing

out those capable of leading in various

community activities, and the State Lec-

turer held that one of the greatest obli-

gations of a State Grange- is to strike the

scales from the eyes of lecturers and

make them see these opportunities; for

the trouble with much of our lecture

work comes from simple blindness 0n the

part of lecturershblindness which is due)

to never having had the light. They

should be given light from every avail-

able source.



In c-losing the report the State Lecturer

offered the following recommendations:



11 That the publication of the Lectur-

er's Bulletin be continued with instruc-

tions to maintain its purely technical

character; that is, to confine it to aiding

lecturers to grasp the scope of the Grange

field, to informing them upon the current

educational efforts of the Grange at

large, and offering suggestions in meth-

ods of work.



2. That the need of opportunities for

wider vision and special help in up-to-

date Grange methods he kept ever before

the membership at large and that such

opportunities be made possible to lectur-

ers wherever funds will permit. Nor is

this altogether a matter of funds; if a

Grange holds the right idea of helpful—

ncss it can and should encourage its lec-

turer in the use of good; periodicals and

books and in attendance upon such meet-

ings, lectures, and entertainments in the

vicinity as will stimulate his mental,

social and spiritual life.



3. That the time is here when, as the

outgrowth of-consideration in our pro-

grams. State Grange will take favorable

action upon the following matters:



.(a) Some definite, comprehensive form

of co-operation between producers and

consumerS.



(b) Continued co-operation expressed in

sympathy, conference and united action

with our rural school teachers and offi-

cers (especially in the teaching of agri-

culture and home economics), with the

Agricultural College, extension lectures 0f

the University, traveling libraries, etc.



(c) An agricultural college extension

work among Michigan farm women and

girls by the employment of a woman

field agent.



Aside from several musical numbers the

program consisted of a lengthy presenta-

tion of the fundamental principles under—

lying genuine co-operation- by E. M.

Tous‘ley, secretary of the Right Relation-

ship League. It was a splendid argu-

ment for co-operation, which the speak-

er held to be the greatest reform in the

world, but it disclosed no plans, either

practical _or visionary, for bringing pro-

ducer and consumer together. At the

evening session which followed Mr. Tous-

iley was given opportunity to show, by

means of the stereopticefi, pictures of a

number of co-opelrative ”stores now in

successful operation, most of these being

located in the states of Minnesota and.

Wisconsin.





COMING EVENTS.





 





New York State Grange, 40th annua|





meeting, in Convention Hall, Buffalo, Feb.

3- .





4-7,



. Pomena Meetings.



Genesee Co. with Genesee Grange. at

Geneseeviii'le, Friday, Jan. 24.





Seward (Baraga, Co.) Pomona, with

‘If’Anszes Grange, at L’Anse, Saturday,

an. .





DREADED TO EAT





A Quaker Couple’s Experience.





How many persons dread to eat their

meals, although actually hungry nearly

all the time!



Nature never intended this should be

so, for we are given a thing called appe-

tite that should guide us as to what the

system needs at any time and can digest.

But we get in a hurry, swallow our

food very much as we shovel coal into

the furnace, and our Sense of appetite

becomes unnatural and perverted. Then

we eat the wrong kind of food or eat t00

much, and there you' arc—indigestion and

its accompanying miseries.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





A Phila. lady said:



“My husband and I have been sick and

nervous for 15 Or 20 years from drinking

coffee—feverish, indigestion, totally unfit,

a good part Of the time, for work or

pleasure. \Ve actually dreaded to cat our

meals. ”(Tea is just as injurious, because

it contains caffeine, the same drug found

in coffee).



T’Vl'e tried doctors and patent m'edi-

cines that counted up into hundreds of,

dollars, with little if any benefit.



“Accidentally a small package of Post—

um came into my hands. I made some

according to directions. with surprising

results. \Ye both (liked it and have not

used any coffee since.



“The dull feeling after meals has left

us and we feel better every way. We

are so‘Wcll satisfied With Postum that we

recommend it to our friends who have

been made sick and nervous and miser-

able by coffee." Name given upon re-





qucst. Read the little book, “The Road

to IVellville,” in pkgs.

Postum now comes in concentrated





powder form, called Instant l’ostum. It

is prepared by stirring a level teaspoon-

ful in a cup of hot water, adding sugar

to taste, and enough cream to bring the

color to golden brown. '



Instant Postum is convenient; there‘s

no waste; and the flavour is always uni—

form. Sold by grocers—fio-cup tin 30

cts., 100—cup tin 50 cts.



A 5~cup trial tin mailed for grocer’s





 





name and 2-cent stamp for postage.

Postum Cereal Co., Ltd., Battle Creek,

Mich.



$3515»: on A GASOLINE

"A" L 8‘ ENGI N E





   

 

 

 

 

   

 





REPRESENTS AND ASSURES-

Sim llcity and Sam





 





Exceptional 3‘53??-

Econom :iilngls oiling-nim—

in Operation .33 51'..- °" "“-

—— Dependability and _Lono Life.





'_|'_.&_ M.Farm ____E__ngines





are —tlme-—t-—ried—-—-_17 yours :_—f good-engine

building, and a T M. Iron-clad guar-

antee back of each engine. An engine

that’ 3 built right—sold right—and guaran-

teed to the Iimlt. If you want more real

dollar-for-dollar engine value than you

can get with .nkNO other farm engine on earth——

and want to



you’ to going to geto iwt,





helm 1*?“ Ugh! a cotnt

or ca -

prices.

Tor-ant l

Mencken Go.





29 5. River 51, /

Oshkosh.“





 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





MOTSlNGER





. GUARANTEED AUXO-SPAIIER



(Better than an everlaflng rafl‘ely )

. Will mints curred fCI' ignition.

and dectric lights,charging storage





Catalog barbaric. etc. Suitable for all



Free typa and sizes of gas and gas-



with 01:10 engines. LEI‘ US TELL

YOU HOW to MAKE your own



in“ M1101“



lnior- MUTSIEEB DEV“ MFG- co.



nation 5781‘114" 9L. [album





 





 





Get This Steel

Shoe Book FREE





LEARN about this wonder-

ful new work shoewith the sole

of steel. Saves health—saves 85 to

$20 a. year of shoe money. No

colds, no wet feet, no rheumatism.

no corns, no bunions. no callouses.

_ Over 600, 000 men now wearing



them iveslight,s rin .comfortable step.

Outlaats 3 tot) pairs 0 old ashioned all-

leather shoes. Soles are of light. thin.

19 ringy steel-extending 11 one inch.





 

 

 

 

 

 





d 'Im gladly shiptgn 10 dage etryifn~ -

9 were your one w t out

any delayby‘mcelspos dtod aonr





:11me k'rhe Sole otéltee "

an learn all about this wonderfu. shoe.





II. II. RufllsteanheSteelShoe Man

125 Rag-In. It. Racine. Wis.





 





 





 





 





I





 

 

 





—F0ll ALI:- ;

“ARNES Film 8 :

Imam





 





 

 





snipped directtron Wit factor! Moon. w.

a"





guarantee ‘ nd; , VfMDIOI' move





send you.
«my. --. . sum





 





 





$985





Completely

Equipped





 





Self-under

30 Horse Powel





5-Pusen er

Touring er





1 lO-inch Wheel





Base

Timken Bearing

Center Control





 





 





 





 





65 0/o go to Farmers





N the past five years we have built 60,000 cars. This year’s output of 40,000 makes

a grand total of 100,000 cars. Sixty-five per cent. of this great production will be bought

by the modern American farmer. '





Take Minnesota as one example: Minnesota is one of the nation’s greatest



and richest farming states. In the automobile registrations of the fiscal year Over-



land cars in the entire state of Minnesota show again of 98 per cent. The nearest compet-

itor can show a gain of only 87 per cent. and the next only 55 per cent.





In Minnesota towns and villages of 1000 inhabitants, or less, Overland cars, for the



year, show a gain of 136 per cent. The Overland’s nearest competitor shows a gain of only



04 per cent. and the second nearest a gain of only 73 per cent. And so you find it all over

the country. -





The Overland has the approval of the majority of America’s big farmers—the most

substantial and practical class of people in America.





The 1913 Overland at $985 is the exact equal of any $1200 car manufactured. It has

a powerful thirty horsepower motor. Seats five large people comfortably. This car has

center control and tires of ample size. The springs are of the finest steel—three

quarter elliptic in the the rear. Thewheel-base is 110 inches. The rear axle is three-

quarter floating, drop-forged and fitted with the famous Hyatt bearings; the front axle is an

“ I” beam, fitted with Timken bearings. Overland brakes are unusually large and strong.

It is completely equipped with top, windshield, Warner speedometer, Prest-O-Lite tank,

and the very best of everything. Nothing is lacking. .





Forty thousand cars in 1913 alone make possible this big value.





Look up the nearest Overland dealer at once. Secure a demonstration. Let' us

prove to you that the Overland is the most economical car you can buy. A post card will

bring additional information, our 1913 catalogue and the dealer’s address. Please address the

factory, Dept. 86.





‘ The Willys-Overland Company





Toledo, Ohio

Our Big Instruction Book---Free





For a postal card you may have our big auto- We want you to have this book because it willl,

mobile instruction book—absolutely free. It con- help you and because it will help us. A thoroughl

tains over 100 pages; each page is illustrated with reading will prepare you to appreciate the good

simple diagrams. The language is not technical; and bad features of automobiles. And such know-

the young people will read it with interest and ledge will only emphasize to you the very high

can understand every word. It tells you how to Overland standard. Write for this free book—. .

purchase, operate and care for an automobile. today.





.I'





 

 

 





 





.._..——





“since!” .A ‘ 5

vsrwwwung

.. I .. 3’13. s





 

 





 





 

 





$985





Completely-

Equipped





1.1.‘-1..‘





' .v i,

.h,. y.

H ,. ;‘:,. . 1:

. -it‘~.lwra—Mn--Ny<

.. Jan.- .. -u_1&_—I-Illl

. -.. '1 9"":

H‘., .





‘-~,,;; 4 a





 





‘M-A .





. 4,.“

We





\

l





 





 





 

 

   

   





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





Remy Magneto

Warner

Speedometer





Mohair Top and

col:



Clear Vision. Rain



Vision Wind Shield



Prest-O-Lite Tank