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FThe Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





VOL. CXL. No, 6. 2

Whole Number 3629.





DETROIT, MICH.,- SATURDAY, FEB. 8, 1913.





S 0 CENTS A YEAR.

I 2





5

3 FOR 5 YEARS.





 





 





T is a common thing for the grower



of truck crops to find that some of the



vegetables in the row rot badly very

early in the season. This trouble is es-

peciallyhfre-quent in cabbage and head

lettuce, while it is not rare in any of the

commOn vegetables. The rotted .vege-

tables are characterized by a disagree—

able odor which comes from the decay-

ing of the material and the nature of

the rot itself is characteristic. The name

Soft Rot describes very well the condi-

tion of the affected plants since they

seem to smelt down and become a soft,

mushy mass. Very frequently, these ill-

smelling masses are aliVe with insects.

no doubt attracted by the very strong

odor. These insects working and bur—

rowing into the mass and then going to

other plants undoubtedly are a factor in

the transfer of this disease along the

rows.



Cause.



Bacteria cause the soft rot of these

vegetables. Experiments have shown

that one species is especially concerned

withgthis trouble and the species is the

same. on all the common vegetables.

These germs are able to produce a sub-

stance which destroys the material which

cemen.ts the cells of the plant together.

This dissolving of the cementing mate—

rial causes the plant to lose all semblance





of firmness, and it becomes the slimy

mass that has been referred to. Of

course, this work of breaking down the





plant is an enormous task conSidering the

size of the organism doing the work but

what is lacking in size is made up by

numbers of the germs. Each ounce of

rotting material contains billions of these

small organisms and hence a vegetable

inoculated with this trouble is doomed.

If any grower doubts this, let him watch

the progreSS of the soft rot once started

in a locality, and he will note that the

gradual transferance of the trouble from

one plant to another by insects or by cul-

tivation, eventually causes a rotting of

many plants in the vicinity of the origi-

nal infection. A





little of the material result of this





Soft Rot “of Vegetables.





from a rotted plant may be pricked into

a healthy plant and in this way, the in-

fectiOus character of the disease can be

noted. The pictures which illustrate this

article, with the exception of the cab-

bage, were produced by artificial inocula—

tion. A pure culture, that is, the growth





tures of the germ is shown in the cuts.

Control.

To control the soft rot of vegetables,

the general {apposition of removing the

diseased plants whenever they are seen

is the best recommendation. if the grow-





cr realizes the possibility of transferring





 





5'





 





 





 





 





Soft Rot of Cabbage in Fields. Outer Leaves Removed to Show Rotted Stalk.





of the organism free from all other germs the soft rot from one plant to another;

was obtained by the ordinary bacterio— if he will remember that plants do not

logical methods. This organism was cul- rot unless the gcrms are carried to the

tivated on various food materials and a plant and inoculated into it, then he will





small. amount—just what could be carried realize

on the point of a needle—was pricked in-

to healthy vegetables in the garden. The





inoculation with pure cul-





the importance of keeping the

fields clean and free from these sources

of infection. in general, any method

which keeps down insect attack is to be





 





 





 





4 .





 





 





recommended but it is much easierfi’to

remove the source of infection in" this

case than it is to attempt to control all

the insect visitors. In lettuce. it has

been found that planting close in the

row faVors very much, the rotting. Just

why this is depends perhaps on many

factors, among which might be- mentioned

the extra tenderness of the plants grown

in such surroundings and also the great-





er possibility of passage of the disease

from one plant to another.

Damage.





Considering any one field of cabbage or





any plot of lettuce, the amount of dam-

age done by soft rot is small, that is, it

will rarcly show up more than five per

cent in any field of cabbage, and in the

casc of lettuce, it frequently only at-

tacks the outer leaves. leaving the ccn-

tral head all right and lit for sale. Yet

this small percentage in each field is

suilicicnt to malic a considerable differ-

oncc in tho yicld and when you consider





the loss for tho many fields in the state,

the lwcomcs one which is worth

fighting and as has been said, the control

measure a vcry simple one. During

the tlrst ot‘ the season. there perhaps will

be only one head of cabbage which will

show these symptoms and prompt eradi—

cation of that plant from the field and

burning will do much to reduce. the rot

tho fields.

Many people who read about plant dis—

eases. especially plant diseases caused by

bacteria, immediately become greatly

alarmed, no doubt because the word ”dis-

ease" is used in this connection. So far

as is the plant disease bacteria

do not cause diseases of the human body

and while it is a debated point whether

sewage bacteria can live upon and be

carriage by plants grown in sewage-pol-

luted lields, nevertheless, in no other way

so far





«list-us“





is





in





known.





as is known. do plants become a

factor in carrying the organisms which





cause human diseases.

of importance, not through any possibil-

ity of causing disease in human beings

but because they cause a great economic





Plant bacteria are





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





., some,“ of Cabbage, Onion, Parsnlp and Carrot Produced by Inoculation, the Result of Inoculation Showing the Infectious Character





‘





 





 





kufiif





.of the Rhea“;
146—2





loss to the state, a. thing which has an

effect on the farm profits and on the

price, which the consumer must pay for

the goods.





Mich. Ag. Col. G. H. Coorzs.





 





A PRIACTICAL, HOME-MADE DEVICE

FOR LEVELING TILE DRAINS.





 





Vi'ith the winter months shortening into

weeks it will soon be time to commence

spring work and one of the first requi-

sites to secure a maximum yield from

our fields is to insure their proper drain-

age.



Hoping that the readers of the Michi-

gan Farmer can obtain some useful in-

formation from some of my past expe-

rience with digging ditches for tile, I will

tell what we have done in the last year.



LaSt March we set about draining a

,low hole in the old-fashioned guesswork





style and when the hired man told me he"





was through I went down to look the

job over. “’hezre the ditch ran through

the loWest part of the hole or low spot.

the bottom of the ditch was only about

ten inches deep and from all I could see

there was no more fall to be had.‘ But

knowing that something had to be done

before we could lay tile and have them

do any good we went back over the

ditch twice and finally got about two feet

fall instead of ten inches. \‘Vell. we laid

the tile but this sebme thinking that

there must be some way for we farmers

to cut out the guesswork in laying our

tile and still not have to buy an expen—

sive leveling instrument or hire a sur-

veyor at a large wage. I thought of all

the leveling arrangements I could think of

until one day I saw a couple of masons





leveling up, for a foundation. with a

length of hose and two water gauge

glasses.



Needless to say, this was just what I





was looking for, so I immediately bought

two steam engine water gauge glasses,

$.4le inches, and with an old 50—foot piece

of hose I had all that was needed to

make a water level. To make, take a.

50-foot length of hose and couple- the two

_ends together; be sure there is a rubber

washer in the coupling so there will be

a water—tight joint, then cut the hose

in the middle, that is, half-way from the

coupling, and insert a water gauge glass

in each cud and twist a wire around the

top of the hose to hold the glass in tight.

Fill the hose with water with a funnel

until the water shows well up in either

glass. and it is ready.



In leveling a ditch start at the outlet

and drive a stake every 45 feet the entire

length of the ditch. then on the first

stake driven make a mark about five

feet higher than the bottom of the ditch.

Now hold one end of the hose at the

first stake and have someone else hold

the other end against the second stake

and when the water in the glass is even

with the mark on the first stake have

the man at the second stake mark half

an inch above the water in his glass—

this gives you half an inch fall every 45

feet. Do the same on up the ditch.

When you get ready to grade the bottom

of the ditch set a stake opposite, each of

the first stakes driven. drive a nail in

these stakes level with the marks on the

opposite stakes, then nail laths across so

the bottom of the lath is resting on the

nail and even with the mark on the

other. These are called rainbows and can

be pushed up out of the way, when dig-

ding past the stakes. Now if the bottom

of the ditch is to be five feet below the

bottom of the rainbow cut a small pole

five feet long and if, for instance, you are

midway between two rainbows and you

want to see if the bottom is down to

grade sight over the top of the pole: if

it is in line with two of the rainbows

ahead the ditch is deep enough, and so

on until the- job is finished.





Last fall we laid nearly a thousand

feet by this method, laying the tile on

boards, and they are working fine. I





also. just out of curiosity, leveled up the

ditch described above which we laid by

guesswork. We lost 131/: inches. not

counting the necessary fall. This shows

the wisdom of leveling a ditch. Tile is

a permanent improvement and should be

laid very carefully. They should be do-

ing perfect work when a hundred years

old.





Van Buren Co. H. M. ARNOLD.





 





Too much emphasis cannot be placed on

the fact that tile draining is a permanent

improvement. If the work is well done

it is certain to be a profitable inVestment

on all lands which would be improved by

artificial drainage, but the cost is too

grant to make careless work profitable.

—~Eds. .





 





/





.T HMIE". "M II.C H 1le ANTF All RM E R

'Maintaining Soil F crtility—IV.





 





T the present) time we are begin-

A ning to appreciate the fact that

the soil, instead of being a dead,

inert thing, holding mere chemical com-

pounds to be assimilated and made alive

by plants, is teeming with bacterial life.

These bacteria are the agents that tear

down the dead bodies of animals and

plants and restore the elements of plant

food to the round of nature. The proc-

esses of nature are such that atoms of

plant food are repeatedly used, passing in

endless cycle from plant to plant, or

from plant to animal and back again to

plant, but always with the intervention

of'bacteria. \Vhile our knowledge of bac—

teria in the soil has not advanced to the

point that positive conclusions can be

made in other than a limited way, still,

the results have such an important bear-

ing upon the nitrogen content of the soil

that they must be considered before we

can adopt a rational rotation of crops.

Nitrogen is the mOSt important and ex-

expensive food material that is required

by plants. A plant cannot acquire nitro-

gen by absorption through the leaves,

nor can it take uncombined nitrogen

through its roots, and yet a plant would

perish unless nitrogen existed in some

readily obtainable, combined form within

reach of its roots. On the other hand,

experience has shown us that, though

nitrogen is such an important factor and

so difficult to obtain by plants, yet there

are a number of cultivated plants that

obtain it somehow, and that when grown

in a rotation or otherwise they leave the

soil richer in this element than before.





The cereals, roots and tubers are great

nitrogen consumers, for they draw their

supply from the soil, leaving it poor and

depleted in nitrogen after repeated crop-

pings These crops suffer starvation if

the soil does not contain sufficient avail-

able nitrogen, and it must be supplied

artificially ill order to grow such crops.

0n the other hand, certain plants, such

as clover, alfalfa, beans, peas and vetches

do not respond to applications of nitro-

geneous manures. yet they seem to ob-

tain large quantities by some natural

means. Besides containing large quanti-

lies of nitrogen, these plants in some way

actually add to the amount of nitrogen

in the soil. It was the study of this one

group of plants that first brought into

prominence the importance of the soil.

These plants have the power of obtaining

atmospheric nitrogen through enlarge-

ments upon the roots called tubercles or

nodules, which are caused by bacteria.

These bacteria gain admission to the

plant through the root hairs, and rapidly

increase in numbers. The irritation thus

caused usually results in the formation of

a nodule 0n the root joint.



Nitrifying Bacteria Promote Soil Fertility.



From a study of bacterial considera-

tions it follows that one of the primary

conditions for the transformation of nitro-

gen into a form available for growing

plants is the presence of nitrifying bac-

teria in the soil and favorable conditions

for their growth. The generality of soils





have these nitrifying bacteria already

present, so that the stimulation of their

activities is needed, more than the ad-





dition of more bacteria. If it is neces-

sary to supply more of the nitrifying bac~

ter'la, this can be readily done by the use

of farm manure, which contains them in

abundance. The question, therefore, of

the greatest importance is how these

nitrifyiug bacteria in the soil can be

made to act upon the» store of organic

matter in the humus. The fact that these

nitrifying bacteria and the nitrogen-fixing

bacteria require about the same soil con-

ditions for their proper development and

work simplifies the question to a great

extent. They must have suitable tem-

perature, moisture, movement of the air

in the soil, some base for their products

to combine with, and likewise some food.

In other words, our little friends'and

helpers, the soil bacteria, demand as con-

ditions of doing their best for us that

the physical and chemical conditions of

the soil be, favorable. These little help-

ers are far from idle when there is any

work to be done. ,They must have food

and at times must have it abundantly.

They must get this food fr0m the soil.

How rapidly they work may be shown

by the rapidity with which they use up

a piece of animal or vegetable matter

when buried in the soil. Soil bacteria,

like other organisms, have a definite

problem of existence, which is met by

the conditions they find in our soils. At

times one species of bacteria predomio

notes in numbers and activity; at other





1





times, under different conditions, other

species will predominate. If the bacteria

which set up certain activities predomi-

nat'e the value of the soil is enhanced,

when other classes predominate the re-

verse is true. Every farmer should con-

sider the conditions which meet the re-

quirements of the various soil-improving

bacteria, and especially those OVer which

the man who manages the soil has some

control. The importance of soil bacteria

is apparent when we see. that the soil

would not grow staple crops without the

work of these organisms.





Nitrogen a Most important Factor in

2 Plant Nutrltlon. ,



While it is possible that these organ-

isms, or bacteria, are as important to the

mineral elements of fertility as to the

nitrogen of the soil, yet the problem of

securing and transforming nitrogen is of

greater significance to the fertility of the

soil. The nitrogen in the soil is rapidly

lost unless the best methods are employed

in its management and for that reason

it is more important that We devote our

attention to promoting the development

of the bacteria that act favorably upon

the nitrogen and its _various compounds.

than upon the mineral constituents of the

soil and plants.



It is a practical question to learn how

these bacteria. being not already pres-

ent, may be added to the soil and how

we may make .the best of them when

they are already present. These ques—

tions deinand close study by every think-

ing farmer;



Means of Promoting Activity of Soil



Bacteria.



Most soils tend‘ to become increasingly

acid under cultivation. The accumula-

tion of acid is extremely unfavorable for

bacterial life and the nitrogen gathering

and nitrifying bacteria are first: to be

harmed by it. The addition of lime to

correct existing acidity is one of the

most important steps in preparing fer the

improvement of such soils. Proper meth-

ods of tillage and cultivation are benefi-

cial to bacteria. The action of lime

brings about numerous changes in the

physical and chemical character of the

soil which are beneficial to all forms of

plant and bacterial life in it. The addi-

tion of lime is of direct benefit to the

nitrifying bacteria, which form as their

product nitric acid. This, like all acids,

if present in any amount is very harmful

to bacterial life and, if not neutralized

by a suitable base. would soon kill the

bacteria which produced it. Where. a

baSe, like lime, is present‘ for neutraliz-

ing the nitric acid, these little organisms

can continue their work almost indefi-

nitely, provided they have raw material

to work with. There are very few soils

which lack the proper bacteria for car-

rying on these processes. All they need

is drainage, tillage, organic matter and

sometimes lime. .



There has been much misuSe of lime

by farmers who have not had an under-

standing of its action. It must be kept

in mind that, lime, although an essential

element of plant food. cannot replace

nitrogen, phosphoric acid or potash in

the promotion of plant development. As

a direct food for general farm crops it

is seldom needed, but for the legumes—

such as clovers, alfalfa, peas, beans and

vetches, its uSe is generally imperative

for the best returns where the soil is

not well supplied with lime.



The Role of Lime in Soil Fertility.



As a rule, the most profitable results

from the use of lime have been on soils

that have been allowed to get in a bad

physical shape or to become sour or acid

because of large accumulations of or-

ganic matter, poor/ drainage or insuffi-

cient aeration brought on by p00r tillage

and cultivation. On such soils lime will

frequently increase the crop yields with-

out the addition of any nitrogen. phos-

phoric acid or potash. In addition to

supplying plant food and improving phys-

ical conditions of soils, lime hastens the

decomposition of organic matter in the

soil, liberating much of the inert or

locked~up nitrogen in the organic matter

of humus. Also the supply of stored-up

potash and phosphoric acid is acted upon

by lime and a. decidedly larger per cent

is brought into an available form for

plant growth. Lime hastens to exhaust

soil constituents rather than build up the

soil, especially if used year after year

withOut the addition of any other fer-

tilizing material. ‘



The time for applying lime depends to

a great extent upon soil conditions and

systems of crop growing practiced, how,





”has. 8, 1913..

ever, when other conditions are right .the

fall or early winter is' the best time to

put on the limesospeciaily if the caustic

or slaked form is used. If the carbonate

of lime is used, it may go on in the

spring with loss dangercf injury to the

crops than when “the other forms are

used. If lime is applied properly in the

fall ample time is afforded it to become

well mixed with the soil before spring.

The carbonate or air-sinked form of lime

does not act so quickly or energetically

as the caustic forms.





As a general rule, the best results come

from applying lime, broadcast and thor-

oughly disking it into the soil. The

quantity of slaked lime to use to the acre

varies with different cr0ps and soils.

About one thousand to three thousand

pounds or its equivalent of some other

form to the ,acre will give the best

results. Lime should be applied alone,

never mixed with any other fertilizers,

before being applied. Properly used to

encourage the development of helpful

bacteria and to promote the growth of

clover and other nitrogen-gathering crops,

lime will be a mighty factor in the work

of improving our soils.



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





 





 





SOY BEAN CULTURE.





Plow your land early in the spring, se-

lecting land that is not too foul with

weeds, Work well with disk and harrow

until a firm seed bed, with the surface

loose and melting, is secured. Prepare

as for corn, giving frequent harrowings

to kill the weeds as they appear. We

always plant our soy beans in rows and

they should be planted so as to have a

plant on an average of every two or

three inches in the row and the rows 30

to 36 inches apart. We plant them 36

inches apart so that the cultivation can

be more easily accomplished, though they

do Well and haVe room to develop in 28

inch rows. ’



I cOnsider it very important to plant

seed of! good quality. Soy bean seed, un—

leSS it is fresh and has been properly

stored, is very apt to 'be low in germina-

tion.

low. about one inch, and not to exceed

one and a half inches in depth; too deep

planting gives bad results. A bushel of

good seed is sufficient to plant from two

and one-half to three acres if in culti-

vated rows. .



The cultivation of soy beans is a sim-

ple matter. Unless conditions are very

unfavorable, the 'plants appear

ground in a week and tlillagel may be

begun. I practice level cultivation as the

harvesting can be more easily done than

if the rows‘are ridged. Comparatively

poor land is preferable- to too rich soil;

the yield is heavier and the habit of the

plant is better on new ground than on

rich. We have raised soy beans in Wayne

county successfully fOr the last two years

and consider them a valuable crop. Soy

beans make excellent hay and for dairy

cattle at least yield results equal to al—

falfa hay.



To get the best hay from soy beans I

believe they should be cut when about

half the pods are full grown, but before

they begin to change color in ripening.

Our horses were very fond of the hay,

cut and cured in this way. They looked

well and felt well as it seems to have a

tonic effect, and StOf‘k fed either the

grain or the forage becomes full of life

and energy as with no other grain that

we have ever used. I consider soy beans

as one of the coming crops, and any

farmer who will test them as thoroughly

as I haVe done will not be willing to

farm without them. //



Do not wait until too late to plant

them. The best varieties require about

the same time as corn in which to ma-

ture grain. They will stand quite a frost,

both in the. spring and fall. Of course,

the ground should be warm when they

are planted so they will come up quickly.

The crop needs about as many cultiva-

tions as corn, but the work must be done

while the plants are young, fer as soon

as the buds appear cultivation must cease

if you wish to successfully grow soy

beans, as the roots spread out and are

near the surface and are easily disturbed.



Wayne Co. J, p,





 





When you can buy your weekly state

farm paper at 50 cents a year, an even

dollar for twa years, $1.25 for three years,

or only $2.00 for five years, you certainly

need not look elsewhere for your farm

paper. If your subscription expires

this issue send Your order at once 0

you won’t miss any copies.

friends about it, too;

them a favor.





 





you will be doing





,_ a.





It is also important to plant shal-v





1





above ’





Tell . your ~
4.:





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





EEB.¥r8._1913. '_





OUR ‘RECLAIMED. SWAMP LANDS.





 





Among the many impovementsrof this

section of country, there is nothing that

adds more to the general appearance of

the country than the draining, clearing

and improving the tamarack or muck

swamp. Not only has the appearance

been improved but the general health and

comfort of the inhabitants has been

greatly benefited. Swamps which but a

few years ago were filled with stagnant

water the year round and were the home-

of snakes, frogs and turtles, and were

breeding places for mosquitos and ma-

laria, are now raising good crops, there

being hardly a trace left of their former

dismal appearance.



Experience has proven that without

proper drainage good results can not be.

obtained. To take the water from the-

first foot of earth is not enough. Deep

tile draining is necessary.



There are several good examples of

what can be done with the muck swamps

in this neighborhood. A tnmarack swamp

of over 700 acres was thought to be

worthless. It was first surface drained

by the county to improve or make the

surrounding country more healthful. Por-

tions were cleared and cropped, but, on

account of the water lying so near the

surface the crops amounted to little or

nothing and, the ground being wet and

cold, the crops generally froze. Finally

men took hold ‘of the matter‘with a will

and put in drains as mains running out

in different ,, directions. One long drain

with tile 22 inches in diameter was laid

through a hand clay bank where it was

necessary to dig nearly 30 feet deep for

several rods. On this drain one man





 





iT‘HE MICHIGAN VFARM‘ER





' this is done the land will produce as good





as ever; if not done a. water hole will be

the result.



New swamps when first broken up and

before the drains work or draw the wat-

er off, are soft and miry, and in order

to work them it is necessary to shoe the

horses with what are called paddles,

which are made of inch boards about

eight inches square and clamped to each

foot, but when the muck settles and

drains draw off the water loads can be

drawn over these same places in wet

times that could not be drawn over clay

fields. '





Hillsdale Co. W. G. BOYD.





THE LATl-I AND PLASTERED on

CEMENT-LINED SILO. ‘





 





I have been much interested in your

writings in the Michigan Farmer, es—

pecially in regard to the lath-and-plaster

silo. I should like to build one this year

and have forgotten the suggestions you

made in regard to building one. \Voulld

you kindly send me an outline as to how

to build one, or answer in The Farmer.

\l'ould like to know especially about the

door frame and how close to put the





Uscoda Co. R. S.



You build the foundation wall for- a

lath and'plastered silo just the same way

you would for any silo. Then put a cir-

cular sill 0n the wall, set up the stud-

ding on either side of the doorway, put

them the proper distance apart, which

would be about three feet so that you

will have an opening that a man can get

in and out of easily. Set these two stud—

ding bevel-ways so that the opening will

be a little narrower on the outside than

on the inside of the silo. This is done





hoops tOgether.





 





 





 





 





 





, A Waste of Valuable Absorbent





Material Rarely Seen on an Up-to-date Farm.





 





was taxed over $800. This swamp is now

all cleared and well drained. Good crops

of all kinds are grown upon it. Although

small grains do not always stand up

well.



These lands are occupied by good farm-





ers with good productive farms. They

have good farm buildings and in several

instances good cellars under their

houses. Among them they have three

peppermint stills. They raise more gar-

den truck than is raised on any other

land of same area in the country.

Another swamp was tiled four years





ago, the main being a county drain with

large-sized tile at no place laid less than

five feet below the surface. Seven acres

of this swamp has been in corn for the

past three seasons. the second crop of

corn taken from this seven acres after it

was cleared filled two silos, the size of

each being 10%;};37 ft. on the inside. One

of these silos was refilled after settling

and three loads of corn were left that

could not be put in. The third crop was

nearly as good.



The muck in these swamps varies both

in depth {and quality, it being but a few

feet deep in places and no one- knows

how deep in others. (Some is black, fine

and loamy; in other places light and

spongy and light brown in color. The

former is much the best, but with tillage

and continual rotting it will all become

alike. As yet no lime or commercial fer-

tilizer has been used, but it has been

found that after continued cropping sta-

ble manure applied is of much benefit. In

nearly all cases marl is found below the

muck around the outer edges of these

swamps, varying in depth from one to

six feet.



Fire does great damage to the muck

swamp, the drained ones especially. . I

have seen swamps burned over and the

strings of tile laying over the surface,

the fire burning as far as drained. In

such cases the only thing to do is to

deepen the outlet and drain as before. It





 





because we want the door to fit into

these and we don’t want the door so that

it will push out of the silo. Now set up





the other studding around the silo 16

inches apart in as true a circle as you

can get, having them come. flush with

your circular wall after the lath have

been put on. Then when you plaster

begin at the bottom of the silo and plas-

tcr a coat over the wall and the lath as

well. This will leave a smooth surface.

Then put on your circular plate at the

top. Now make your door frames by





putting cross pieces between the two

studding first set up, which are left three

feet apart for the doorway. Set these

so that the opening from top to bottom

will be a little less on the outside of the

silo than on the inside. This makes an





opening for your door a little beveled so





that the door can be put in from the in—

side of the silo but cannot be pushed

through. Then when you make your door

make a bevel on the door that wil1 just

nicely fit into this opening. For the stud-

ding 2x4’s are just as good as 2x6‘s. Put

the first door three feet from the bottom

of the silo, then leave three feet and put

in another door. and so on to the top of

the silo. Now just at the bottom of the

first door, or rather just below the bot-

tom of the first door, wrap your silo

around tight with No. 9 galvanized wire,

fasten the ends together securely, draw-

ing. it tight. Then between each door-

way, going up. wrap the silo in the same

way with galvanized iron fence wire. This

will be all the hoops that you will need.

Now lath it on the inside just as you

would lath any building. If you can get

the patent lath, which is six-inch

boards with grooves cut in them to hold

the mortar it will be all the better. You

will have to cut these up into 16-inch

lengths because you can’t spring them ‘to

fit your ,silo, especially a silo..with a.

comparatively small diameter. But you

can out these up into 16-inch lengths and

as this lath is made out of matched lum-





s ‘ _-_~

. 3”“

'~.>





 

     





her by cutting it into these short lengths

there will be no trouble in getting the

lumber to fit. Nail them quite securely

to the studding and when you get

through plaster it with a good coat of

cement made by mixing two parts good

clean sharp fine sand with one part of

cement. Sheet it up on the outside, not

with commOn clapboards, because they

won‘t go on readily, but take 6%-inch

lumber and have it ripped to make 6x14-

inch material and jointed, to use on the

outside. The boards will come close

enough together so that there will be no

openings sufiiciently for snow or rain

to get in in quantities to cause any dam-

age, and lumber in this way will go on

readily without any trouble, while if you

get commOn clapboards where one edge

of it is thicker than the other and at-

tempt to lap them they will not go

around in a straight line on your silo

and you will have trouble.



Make your doors out of common

matched lumber by cross-boarding them

with tarred paper between. Then saw

the edge of your doors so that they are

a little bevelled and will fit into the bev-

eled door frames. Have them big enough

so that they will just come. flush with the

inside of the silo after it is plastered.

Make each door to fit each place and

number them so that when you want to

put them in again you will know just

where each door belongs.‘



For the top of the silo or roof of the

silo lay two 2x8’s across the top of the

silo three feet apart and toe-nail them.

Then between there and the edge of the

silo on either side put a 2x6 and a 2x4.

This will make a roof with a little slant

from the center. Cover towards each side

with any smooth lumber and put on

common paper roofing which will be suffi-

cient. On top of the: 2x8’s which go

through the center set two 2x6‘s and

fasten them to the 2x8’s. Then make a

cap for this opening in sections, out of

common matched lumbcr. Make it just

large enough so that it will fit down over

the 2x6’s which set On top of the 2x8’s.

\\'hen: filling the silo have the opening

across the silo open at one end where you

want to set your ensilage cutter and put

the spout into the end of this opening

then you don’t have to have any dormer

window. You can fill the silo full and

when it is full put on the cap.



COLON C. LILLIE.

IS IT BEST To SEED ALFALFA WITH

WINTER RYE OR WITH OATS?





 





YVould like to sow some alfalfa in the

spring. I have two pieces of ground, one

piece of about three acres. where I had

beans last Year. I have sowed this field

to rye and have not seeded it yet. This

ground is clay loam. I have another

piece of about three acres where I had

potatoes. This ground is sandy loam. I

am going to sow it to outs in the spring.

Both pieces are well drained. thich

would be the best field to sow to alfalfa?

Both of these pieces were heavy sod. last

spring.



Lapeer Co. G. A. S.





 





 





 

 





V V.

§\ ‘\\- 51‘

kat§x§ sax: »





 





Concrete





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The old fashioned way of dump-

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fertilizing juices—keeps. the ma-

nure rich ~increasce its value

10% to 50%. And





LE H I G H

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Two Books on Concrete FREE





These two books should be read

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38 People's Gas Bldg, Chicago

ll mills, 11,000,000 Barrels

Capacity 78





   





   





   





 





 





 





We haven’t got to a. point yet in this

country where we can recommend seed-

ing alfalfa on a rye field sown last fall

the same as you would common red clo-

ver. I think the principal rcason is be-

cause our‘soil is not thoroughly inoculat-

ed with the alfalfa bacteria. In my opin-

ion, after we get to growing alfalfa and

it has been in a rotation of crops on-all

the fields so that we have the soil well

inoculated we can seed our winter wheat

to alfalfa and be just as sure of a crop

of alfalfa as we are now in seeding to

red clover. Alfalfa has to have a little

bit better chance because it isn’t helped

the way red clover is by soil inoculation.



There is one dbjcction to seeding al-

falfa with cars in the spring and then

harvesting the oats. You are more apt

to get a good catch and a thrifty growth

(If alfalfa if you fit up this land and sow

it to alfalfa alone without any cats, or

if you will sow one bushel of oats to the

acre and then when they are in the milk

cut them off for hay and get them off

before the hot, dry weather comes that

takes the moisture from the alfalfa. Al—

falfa seems to be a little bit more tender

to start than red clover, I think, as I said,

largely because the soil is not inoculated

and it doesn’t get this natural help.



I wouldn’t care to risk a full seeding

of alfalfa on this rye field. If I was go-

ing to do anything I would mix alfalfa

with red clover. You are pretty sure of

getting a crop of red clover and some of

the alfalfa probably will grow, and this

will help inoculate the soil. I am doing

this with all my seedings at the present

time. I would not hesitate, however, to

seed alfalfa in the oat field by seeding

one bushel of oats to the store and then

fertilizing well. Where the soil is not

inoculated we have got to put the ground





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Springfield. Ohio





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MOLINE PLOW co.





 





   

 

 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

   

 

   





 





n9...” MOLINE.’ILL.
I , .





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FEB- ‘8. an...





 





 





 

 





The Chance to

Save the Dollar





T is right here. Your seed

is right, your cultivation

is right, and the weather is

' right .or a bumper crop; but

if the manure or fertilizer is

not right you stand to lose

the bumper crop even if you

do succeed in making a small

one. It is up to you to feed

for a big crop, if you expect one, for your soil, filled

though it may be with plant food, cannot furnish

enough available plant food, and will not yield a large

crop what it requires. That is where





A. A. C. Co. Fertilizers





do their work.





THERE IS “Growing beans as a cash crop is my



GOOD PROFIT hobby. I have fertilized beans for eight



IN BEANS years, and what I know I have learned by

experience.



I am going to sow fifty acres of beans this Spring.

Some of the ground is very poor. On the poorest I will sow

300 pounds of Fertilizer broadcast with a drill and work the

ground in good shape, and then when I sow my beans will sow

200 pounds more per acre on each side of the beans, making

500 pounds per acre on the poorest ground.





My experience in growing beans has taught me to use

aquick acting fertilizer with high percentages of Nitrogen,

Phosphoric Acid and Potash. Last season on a soil that would

not grow ten bushels of beans per acre, by using 500 pounds

of A. A. C. Co. High Grade Fertilizer I grew 27 bushels per

acre.





   

   

   

   

     

   

   

   

   

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





Don’t be satisfied with 10 or 11 bushels per acre. If

your soilis not too heavy, and if you get it rich enough, you

can grow 30 to 40 bushels pergacre. I am speaking of pea

beans. Sow three pecks to one bushel per acre according to

size of beans. Above all, don’t use cheap Fertilizers, for they

are too dear to buy." (Name given on application.)



We want agents for unoccupied territory. Write us for

particulars.





 

   

   

   

   

   





The American Agricultural Chemical 00.,

D Detroit Sales Department, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





r: Tip: CLIPPER EXCELS





THE MOST PROFITABLE WORK THAT CAN BE DONE ON THE FARE





Is to select and clean all seeds and

grains for sowing. This will improve

the quality of the seed and bring it up

to the hi hest standard. It will im-

prove t e quality, increase the

yield and free your land from

on] weeds. For this reason you

should reclean all clover and other

seeds that you buy before sowing.

This is just as important as it is to

clean your seed. grain and corn from

your granary before sowing.



liver farmer knows that hrte.

Hump. envy kernels of seed. grain

or corn will produce more and

stronger plants, which will increase

the yield and improve the quality.

Admitting that this will benefit your

crop only 10%, what would be your

gain for one year? To say nothing of

ridding your land of foul weeds. etc.



The U. S. Agricultural Dept, State

Experimental Stations and all Promi-

nent Seed Houses use the “CLIPPER"

Cleaner. for doing just this kind of

work and recommend them.

IECAUSE their experience has proven The "CLIPPER" to be the Most Successful unchlno



_ _ for Grading and Cleaning All Seeds and Grains.



This machine Will do the same high-grade work as our large $400 machines.



We Guarantee Satisfaction. Prepay the Freight. Give Thirty Deye' Tree Trill.

You To Be The Sole Judge.



Three factors stand out prominently in farm progress——the soil. the working of same and

the seed; none of which can be neglected, if bigger and better crops are aimed at.



Distributing points in every grain growing state. Shall we send you our catalog and terms?





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





A. . FERRELL Q COMPANY, - Saginaw. Mich.

l.___l—— J j -





1 I j





 





 





THE MICHIGAN, FARMER.





in good Condition and fertilize it well] if

we want to get the alfalfa to grow

thriftlly. On rich "land. land that has

been kept up in splendid condition, or on

land when it is well fitted and heavily

fertilized with stable manure or commer-

cial fertilizer we don’t have practically

any trouble in getting a. good growth of

alfalfa. It seems to like to grow on rich

soil. If the soil is rich it will'establlsh

itself and will furnish its oWn inocula-

tion afterwards. Mr. S. could seed both

of these fields or either one of them to

alfalfa in another way. After harvesting

the rye he can go on and fit up this soil,

plow it if necessary, otherwise fit it with

a disk or cutaway harrow, make a. good

seed bed, and then in August seed it no

alfalfa. He could do the same thing

with the other, take. off the crop of oats

first. and then fit it and seed it. That; is

a good way to seed common red clover

although it is not a. common. way in this

country. .

COLON C. LILLIE.





THE FARMER’S INVENTORY.





 





 





Webster defines business as, "That

which occupies the time, attention and

labor of men, for the purpose of profit or

improvement.” A business man is one

who conducts a business. Then it'natu-

rally follows, the business farmer realizes

a profit on his labor and investment and

keeps constantly improving his farm.

Neither the agriculturist who does not

profit by his labor nor the one who con-

stantly lowers the fertility of his farm

year after year, can be said to be in

business.



On nearly every farm, poultry, swine,

sheep, cattle, horses and other products

are raised. If the farmer has made a.

profit, ask him from which of these in-

terests it came. In most cases. he will

not be able to tell you. VVlthout doubt,

he has lost out in some of these lines.

If he only knew which line had returned

the profit, the others might be abandoned

and thus his assets would be constantly

growing larger each year.



The dealer or manufacturer knows from

the first that he is doomed to utter de-

struction, unless he knows just what

profit certain articles are paying him.

There is no guess work about it. All is

exactness and the best business man is

the one who pays the most attention to





 





 





the details of his work. Search the

country over, in small towns and in large

cities, during the last week of December

and the first week of January. one would

find grocers, druggists. butchers, manu-

facturers. all alike, taking an inventory

of their goods yet unsold. On how many

farms would the same scrutiny reveal

the fact that the owners are taking an

inventory of their property? \Vhy not

give the same business methods a good

try-out on the farm if you are not al-

ready doing so? The cost of a trial will

not be much, especially at this period of

the year when the work is not rushing,

and an annual inventory is the first step

in adequate farm accounts. In your val-

uation for the inventory, do not rate the

articles at their original market price but

on their initial cost with depreciation de—

ducted. Try and get at the approximate

actual value of the farm itself and all of

the personal property on it. Do not pad

the inventory. It is for your own use,

and its usefulness will depend upon its

fairness and accuracy



A great deal has been said» on this im-

portant subject but it will bear repeti-

tion. It is pleasing to note that more

farmers are each year awakening to the

necessity of adopting better business

methods and the foremost agricultural

colleges in the United States are install-

ing courses in farm accounting. ‘more

power to them.”



Ingham Co.

MAINTAINING FERTILITY WITHOUT



LIVE STOCK.





I. J. MATHEWS.





 





I read the Michigan Farmer each week

with much interest and would like to

ask if the following rotation will build up

my land, or will it gradually get poorer?

Corn with 500 lbs. good commercial fer-

tilizer per acre; cats with 250 to 300 lbs.

per acre; wheat with 300 to 400 lbs. per

acre, seeded to clover and timothy, cut

one year then back to corn, etc. My





 





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Imam CEMENTTIIJUACWCOQ’ e





 





   

   

   





 





   

   

 

   

   





 





soil is clay loam with clay subsoil in'just

a fair state of fertility. If you haVe an

improvement to add to the- rotation or

the amount of fertilizer, will be glad to





hear it.



Allegan Co. V. A. K.



It is not stated in this inquiry whether

the corn and oats and hay are fed to live

stock on the farm or not, and since this

fact is not mentioned I take it for grant-

ed that this land is to be kept up with-

out the addition of stable manure. In





this scheme the plant food is Well’prO—

vided for. The only question is that

whether this one clover sod turned down

once in three years will supply a. suffi-

cient amount of vegetable matter to keep

the soil in good mechanical condition,

and very much will depend upon how

good a clover sod can be grown. Mr. K,

says that the land is now only in fair

condition, and I expect that probably the

c-lover sod for the first year or two will

be none t00 heavy. It would be a splen-

did thing to plow down the entire clover

crop to get a‘ start in humus and vege-

table matter because- you cannot get the

most from the use of commercial fertili-





zer unless you have a good supply of veg— !





etable matter in the soil. ~





I have 120 acres of land that I consider

too far away from the stables so that I

can profitably use stable manure. It

costs 'too much to haul the manure. And

I am practicing much the same scheme

on this land that Mr. W. proposes, and

I can see that my farm is not only main-

taining, but actually increasing, its pro-

ductive power; that is, I am growing

better crops year by year, and it receives

no stable manure whatever. Some people

will figure out that the plant food supplied

in 500 pounds of commercial fertilizer for

the corn crop, 200 Or 300 pounds to the

oat crop. and the same amount or a lit-

tle more for the wheat crop seeded to

clover, will not be sufficient to supply the

needs of the crop; that is, in harvesting

each crop you will take. more nitrogen,

phosphoric acid, and potash out of the

soil than you put back into it in the form

of commercial fertilizer.





But we don’t have to put back int... the

land all that we take out of it to main-

tain soil fertility. We can depend upon





the natural yield of the land for part'





of the plant food, and we have a right

to take the natural yield of the land.

The essential elements of fertility con-

stitute. a part of the soil itself, and plants

themselves have the power of utilizing

a. certain amount of this inert plant food;

indeed, slow-growing plants like trees.

can produce their natural growth with-

out assistance from added fertilizer or

manure in ordinary normal soil; that is

the roots have the power to. work upon

the inert nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and

potash in the soil and get a sufficient

ration to produce normal growth. How-

ever, when we come to quick-growing

plants like corn, and oats, etc., unless

we have a supply of available plant food

in the soil in addition to the natural or

inert plant food in the soil they will not

make a maixmum growth, in fact, will

not make a sufiicient growth to produce

profitable crops. This fact is well illus—

trated in the Rothamstead experiments in

England. There, on a certain field, wheat

has been grown for over 60 years with—

out any fertilizer or any manure. For

the first 30 years the average yield was

13.6 bushels of wheat per acre. and for

the following 30 years the average yield

was a little over 11 bushels per acre.

Now in this case it is evident that the

wheat plant got its plant food from the

inert or natural food in the soil. which

constitutes the soil itself. and this we

may call the natural yield of the land.

Now we have a right to this. and when

we take this much from the soil we are

not depleting the soil because the soil is

good for the natural yield as long as the

soil lasts, but this natural yield is not

profitable, and so it is the duty of the

farmer to supply a certain amount of

available plant food to go with this na-

tural yield of the soil to produce profit--

able crops, and in this case we do it with

commercial fertilizer, and the amount

preposed by Mr. K.. in my opinion, is

sufficient to not only maintain the soil

fertility but also to increase the crop-

produclng power of the land. The clover

sod that is turned down once in three

years in decaying in the soil generates or-

ganic acids which act upon the inert

plant food in the soil and set free more

of this natural plant food, and hence from

all three sources; the plant food in com-

mercial fertilizer. the plant food made

available by decaying organic matter, and

the plant food which the plant itself is

able to take from the soil, will furnish a.

sufficient amount to grow profitable crops

the yield of which will increase from year

to year, and the soil will be gradually

built up to a. higher state of fertility.

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





LESS THAN ONE CENT PER WEEK





 





Is what The Michigan Farmer figures at

with the new reduced rates. One year

(52 copies), 50 cents; two years (104 cop-

ies). $1.00; three years (168 copies), $1.25;

five years (860 copies), 82.00.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





.—.‘——~.W¢"-
“W‘-





FEB. 8, 19131 ‘





.‘a.





,





   





THE“ MICHIGAN FARMER





i Biceding Draft Horses in Michigan





 





At the recent live stock meeting, Mr.

Wayne Densmore, secretary of the Per-

cheron Society of'America, addressed the

live stock meeting on the above topic.

For the purpose of bringing home his ar-

guments more forcibly for a greater in-

terest in horse breeding in Michigan, he

first reviewed the four principal points

which he desired to make in his address,

as follows: First, the present position of

horse breeding in Michigan; second, the

status of draft horse breeding in gen-

eral; third, the adaptability of Michigan.

to draft horse breeding, and fourth, sug-

gestions regarding the most feasible line

of procedure for those who desire to en-

gage in the business.



Present Position of Michigan

Breeding.



Notwithstanding the fact that Michi-

gan has a reputation of a buying instead

of a selling state so far as draft horses

are concerned, as revealed by investiga—

tions in the market centers of the coun-





in Horse





try, Mr. Densmore called attention to the,





statistics regarding the value of horses

in Michigan as shown by the last census,

In 1910 the value of horses in Michigan

was more than $84,000,000, an amount

which exceeded the combined value of all

cattle, sheep and swine in the state by

some $17,000,000, or more than 25 per

cent. ..



Speaking of the breed which he repre-

sents, Mr. Densmore stated that in 1.910

Michigan breeders ‘recorded 21.": pure-

bred Percherons, or two per cent of the

total number recorded, which is about

the‘ifiroportionate value of horses in Mich-

igan as compared to horses of the entire

country.



In speaking of the particular sections

of Michigan in which Percherons are more

extensively bred, he stated that the

counties of Allegan, Eaton, Kent and St.

Clair were the leading counties, with

Clinton, Ingham and St. Joseph counties

following in the order named. Experience

has proven that the production of pure-

bred horses follow quite closely the pro-

duction of market horses, hence' these are

the counties in which the greatest rev-

enue is derived from this branch of farm

production. Michigan as a whole does

not produce many draft horses as com-

pared with the number used in the state,

yet there is an encouraging indication

that Michigan will be a larger producer

of draft horses in the near future. Mr.

Densmore found this indication in the fact

that the Michigan demand for horses in

the big markets during the past year ran

more largely to heavy chunks and farm

mares weighing from 1,400 to-1,500 lbs.



Mr. Densmore stated as his belief that

draft horse breeding had not been devel-

oped in Michigan as rapidly as in other

states largely because of the fact that

Michigan farmers had a prejudice against

draft horses, being accustomed to the use

of lighter horses for the, doing of farm

work, but believed that a change was

rapidly taking place in the general senti-

ment on this point, as farmers are find-

ing that draft horses are not only more

effective for the doing of farm work, but

more profitable as well as the selling

price of draft colts is taken into consid—

eration. \



Status of Draft Horse Breeding in

General.



As the general status 0f horse breeding

is revealed by market conditions, Mr.

Densmore referred to the prcsent market

demand for horses. The demand for car-

riage horses and roadsters, he stated to

be poor at the present time, due to the

development of automobiles as a modern

pleasure conveyance, as well as for bus-

iness purposes. With draft horses and

saddle horses, however, present conditions

are very different. He stated that buy-

ers in the principal horse-producing sec-

tions of the country say that there are

few good draft geldings in the country of

a mature market age, or four years old,

while buyers have purchased many good

three-year-oids to fill orders and this

class is not plentiful. As to price, he

Stated that these are higher than for

two decades previous, good draft geldings

now bringing around $300, while matched

pairs have been bringing as much as

from $750 to $800. He stated that prices

are fully $50 per head higher this fall

than last spring.



In speaking of the competition of the

auto truck, which many horse breeders

have feared, Mr. Densmore states that

this is not serious and probably will nev-

‘er become so since the auto truck is sup-

plementing and not supplanting the draft

horse for city use. Investigations have

revealed the fact that while the auto





truck is the most profitable method of

conveying heavy commodities a distance

of three to five miles or further, it is not

economic for small radius of operations.

Also the farm use for draft horses is in-

creasing as farmers find that the lighter

horses do superficial work. The present

status of agriculture calls for deep and

thorough tillage and the more efficient

the horse power the better results will

be obtained.

Adaptability of Michigan to Horse

Breeding.

As proof that Michigan is well adap-





ted to the business of horse breeding, Mr.l





Densmore referred to the fact revealed by

the last census figures that while other

stock in Michigan has decreased during

the past ten years, the horse stock of

the state has in'creased some eight per

cent. Another reason why Michigan is

well adapted to horse breeding is the fact

that the season of the active farm cam-

paign is limited to little more than half

the year, and by the raising of fall colts

the farm mares can be profitably employ-

ed throughout the entire season and will

be in condition to do‘ just as effective

work during the summer season as

though horse breeding was not made a

factor in farm production.



{’nquestionably the state is well adap-

ted to horse breeding, but in order to

make the industry more profitable there

should be an effective mixture. of brains

with the industry, both with the selection

of breeding stock and the feeding, care

and management of the colts.



Specific Suggestions



1n outlining his suggestions regarding

the most feasible line of procedure in the

busincSS of horse breeding, Mr. Densmore

took up the question as to whether pure-

bred or grade draft marcs should be pur-

chased as foundation stock. For the in-

experienced man he advocated good

grades, which involve a much smaller in-

vestment and will be likcly to bring as

good results. As more experience is at—

tained many will find it profitable to pur-

chase pure-bred animals. He advised

the purchasing Of mares weighing not less

than 1,400 to 1,600 pounds, and would pre-

fer those of still heavier weight. Good

grade mares of this Weight can be pur-

chased at from $250 to $275. From three

to seven years old is the best age, as

animals of this age have a long period

of usefulness before them.



In addition to weight, he laid emphasis

on good draft conformation and particu-

larly upon good legs and feet. in this

connection of first importance is a well

set hind leg with a Wide, clean hock,

since these are apt to remain sound. The

front legs should as well be straight and

(loan, the pastern moderately sloping and

hoof well formed. The animal should

also stand straight on its front legs and

have a good square gait. Special em-

phasis was placed on soundness on which

the purchaser should insist, as well as

upon conformation and style.



Those who were interested in the rais-

ing of pure-bred horses were told that

fairly good mares could be purchased

for from $500 to $800 each and as there

are 115 breeders of pure-bred Percnerons

in Michigan this demand could be largely

supplied within the state.



THE RELATION OF A GOOD BULL TO

A PROFITABLE BEEF HERD.





...





If the yearling bull has had the proper

care and treatment he can be bred to

a few cows, perhaps two or three, during

the season, without any injury. A two-

year-old bull can serve from 20 to 30

cows in one breeding season, 'while a

mature bull should be able to serve 75 or

1.00 in one summer. But individual vigor

is a great factor in the breeding power

of a bull. One bull may be able to serve,

and get with calf several more COWS than

another, depending on the individual vi-

tality of each. If a bull is too young his

vitality is used up and his breeding pow-

er may be injured for some length of

time.



The feeding during breeding season has

a great deal to do with the vigor of the

bull. If he is allowed to become too fat

he will become lazy and too heavy to

handle himself, and also cause the breed-

ing organs to degenerate or weaken.



It is also necessary that the bull have

plenty of exercise. Activity depends, of

course, somewhat on the bull himself. He

should not be too lean at the beginning

of the breeding season, or before the end

of it he will be so weak that he cannot

give good service. A medium condition

of fatness during breeding season is to





 





 





",u





'3 N08





 





Why Air Spaces

Prove Fatal





Ordinary plows leave air spaces between

the topsoil and subsoil. This is because the

slice. instead of being turned clear over flat

and being thoroughly pulverized, ls crz'mped

up and the dirt falls back in the furrow. It

isn’t turned completely over.



Then, when a dry spell comes. the crop

begins to burn and fire. for the moisture

from below is cutoff completely.



If the topsoil lay flat on the subsoil and

there were no air spaces, moisture would

come right up from below.just as kerosene

comes up the wick of your lamp. Thus,

during a long siege of dry weather. when

no rain falls for weeks and weeks. your

crop suffers but very little, because it Will

draw on the moisture from below.



__ «w





7%.. , ,

AIR SPACE—Ordinary





   





; g NW, W

NO AIR SPACE—“031‘.

How the Rock

Island “C.T.X.” Universal

PlowEnded Alr Spaces





Now. the Rock Island “C.’I‘.X.” Univer-

sal has a very peculiar bottom—corkscrew-

li’ke in shape. A perfected, patented shape

that is proving a boon to the user.



Instead of throwing the dirt backward and





as





This Plow





 





Ordinary Plow

Carries Dirt Back Throws Dirt Forward





Proper plowin

You, asauser o pllows, should learn what. the

Rock Island “0. .X.” has done toward im-





without extra. cost. and also saving labor.





 

 





 





 

 





 





 





51-149





Rocklsland “C.T.X.”

Universal Plow





a... W. . '1





 





 





By Doing Away With

Dangerous Air Spaces





Many a fine crop has been shortened, yes ruined, be-

cause of air spaces left between topsoil and subsoil when

plowing. That’s why farmers everywhere are discarding

ordinary plows and using the “C.T.X." You, too,will real-

ize the economy and advantage of using the Rock Island

“C.T.X.” Universal as soon as you know all about it.





upward. this bottom sends the dirt backward

and DOW‘NWARD. (The arrows in the

pictures below show how dirt travels over

an ordinary bottom and over the Rock Is-

land Universal bottom.)



Thus, no dirt is spilled into the furrow

and each slice is so thoroughly pulverized

and so completely overturned, that your top-

soil lies right against the subsoil. No air

spaces between. All this sounds very sim-

ple, yet it has taken years of experience

and study to realize what it really means

and how to avoid it. It’s the last big step

to perfect plowing.





A Truly Universal Plow





Nor is the solving of the air space prob-

lem all that this plow has done.



For here is a truly universal plow-the

only universal plow in all the world.



You can work this plow in any field on

your farm and do perfect work in lame sod.

in'old stubble. in trashy cornfields, in meadows.

just any place. Makes no difference whether

it's gumbo, heavy clay, sandy loam or mixed

301']. Every slice will be turned over flat:

all trash will be completely buried. Every

furrow will be clean; and the dirt will be

pulverized more completely than you ever

thought possible, saving you at least one

harrowing.



Do you wonder that the Rock Island

“C.T.X." Universal quickly became such

a. sensation?



Do you wonder that, to keep up with the ,

multiplying demand, it has taxed our fac- l

tory and workmen to the utmost? That we ‘

have had to increase our factory output

over four times?



Do you wonder that men who see this

plow perform are discarding their old plows

and using “C.T.X.” simply from an eco-

nomical standpoint? It’s a fact.





The Price Is Reasonable .





Notwithstanding the unusual demand for

this plow and the fact that we own and con- l

trol all patents on a plow that really has no

competitor in results. we have not raised the

price.



It requires greater care and is more ex-

pensive in construction, but enormous pro-

duction enables us to get lowest possible

factory cost so that it costs you practically

no more than an ordinary plow.



Its great value to you is in the results—

the increased crops—the saving in work and _

the far greater satisfaction and longer life.





:. max. -





is the basis of all farming.





proving the lowing, increasing the arc





ive us your name and a dress on a card and we will to I





you where you can see a Rock Island "0.T.X." Universal and you can Judge for yourself, for ur

own knowledge and experience will show you why you can't afford to use any other. Write

words on a postal: “I am interested in plows." Then Sign your name and address and mail to





ROCK ISLAND PLOW 00., 244 Second Ave., Rock Island, I".





 





ilriginal

and 0nly

low-down

Spreader.





light and





S'rflng. New Idea M





 

 

 

 

 

 





bottom whic





 

 

 





anure Spreader





Not amere unloaderbdoes not dump in piles. The only spreader with double

heaters and revolving distributing paddles, which cut the manure into shreds and

spread it evenly over three full rows—5 to 7 feet. No choking. No bunchinz. LOW-

down. £83 to load. Tracks with standard wagon. Easy haul for double team. Solid



K never warps, breaks or wears out. No co

endless conveyor—cannot slip, All power direct from rear ax e.

Strong metal wheels. Absolutely necessary for every grain and fruit farmer.





afm‘xmfitfi‘i‘i 53%? New ”08 Spreader 00., ill; Sycamore SL,Coldwatel-,0hlo





Pulverlzes.

Never Clogs.





3-row Spread.

Solid Bottom.





 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 





or bevel gears. Only perfect

Only two levers to operate.





 

 

   





 





AGRICULTURE





OUR TILE

LASTS FOREVER!





 





 





 





Are Thoroughly Hard Burnt





. . Made of best Clays. sold in



oardoad lots. Also manufactur-

ers of Hollow Tile Silos. Build-

in 2 Blocks and Sewer Pipe. Write

for catalogue and prices.





 





—-.—... .





NATIONAL FIREPROOI‘ING COMPARI‘Y. Fulton Bldg" PITTSBURGH. PENNA. "‘
. evade-currwxea.‘ ‘ .





 





Howm Save the Most Money





On Your Manure Spreader





Buy the best to begin with! That’s it

—the oest~regardless of first price! The

clzeaper the spreader, the more expen-q

sir/e it is in the end. Get the spreader

that thousands have proved, in over





twelve years’ use, the bi gest money-

saver and money-maker. %‘he Spreader

that has stood every test is now made

low down for easy loading—the kind

you’ll buy sooner or later. Buy it now!





The Proved Spreader—It’s Special Features





Low Down-Waist High—Safe Clearance—

Short Wheel Base-Wheels Under Load— Roller

Bearings—Lightest Draft—Simplest Drive-





Avoids all Trouble of Enclosed Gears—Most

Durable Beater—Trussed Steel Frame—Indes-

tructible Front-Perfect Construction.





LIGHT DRAFT—L0 W DOWN





Great Western





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Frames of trussed steel

- firmly braced - great

strength. Weight of

load. heater and force

of operation all on the

4-inch steel sills. Can’t



sag, spring or give:



102 rollers to carry

- endless apron.





Direct chain drive—no

complicated gears -

everything in plain

sight.

p l e s t,

most sensible drive

' ‘1 on any spreader. No

parts in motion when

beater is not in use-no

wearing of gears or chains.





The sim-

strongest. ,





Front Won’t Pull Ou





Double heavy oak

bolster—16inch fifth

wheel—every part

extra strong.



GREAT WEST-

ERN fronts will not

pull out. They are built

to stand the heaviest strains.





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





Roller

Bearings





 

 

 





Dress Corn





GREAT WESTERN

rear wheels track with

the front; you can

straddle twocorn rows

fortopdressin grow-

ing crops. _ T is you

can’t. do With narrow

front trucks.



GREAT WESTERN

. means an easier pull

‘. —only two tracks



I across yards or fields.





 





 

 

 





   





.lllllll'lllllllllllll. .

"' < ”3'5" ‘





 





   





w‘l





 





‘ ‘ . '4 . a -

It is important that you learn all about this

New Spreader Book Free .1. "1...... GREAT WESTERN i. new





low-down form.





why it‘s best for you or any man. Get it now.





Be sure to write at once for Free Book describing it in every detail and proving

Shows all the detail of this old reliable GREAT '





WESTERN now made lowdown for easy loading. The cuts and details prove why it's the one

perfect spreader. It’s the one spreader that will Just suit you in every way.





Rock Island Plow Co., 2443 2nd Ave” Rock Island, 111.





One Donar





 





Is All It Now Costs to





9.9.





Brings lt—

Froiglit Prep-id





 





Have Your Seed-Grain l“





Cleaned and Graded





   





 

 





Here’s my 1913 offer:





Barley. Pens. Beans. Com.





‘ “l.“ yb°dhdfif¥dfu wx

’ er ,



I‘m“ “mu" AVE MORE THAN PAID

ITS ENTIRE COST in INCREASED CROPS.

Then you'll have a"Chatham”to work FREE

for you the rest of your life.





Your Dollar Returned

if you want it. I don’t want your dollar or want

on to kee my “Chatham” unless it pleases you.

t, after a day test. you are not satisfied, return

the machine at my expense and I will send back

the dollar.





A Machine That Flte Your Perm





After 40 years' experience I know every grain

and noxious weed grown in America. I know the

section where each one grows. I know every rain

and weed that grows on your farm. Exper ence



shown that 3 Grain Grader and Cleaner

should have special equigmcnt for the particular

farming section to wide it goes. For example, I

send an entirely dip‘erent e uipment of screens,

riddles and filings to Maine rom what I send to

California. n act. there are scarcely 2 states in

the U. S. to which Isend thesame e uz’pment. Thus

you get the exact and proper on t to handle the

ins and weed seed that grow on your farm.

m don't have to pay for a lot of extras for which

you have no use.





Extra Screens and Riddles Free

In case you we t more or didarentscreens. inst

write me and I ll send them free. Not a penny

would I ask for extra screens and riddles. l

I also have a FreeService De rtment which

will separate. clean and grade F EE any mixture

you send in. If you've got some impurity in your





 





Now that farmers everywhere

are cleaningend gradin their Seed 2

Grain. the question is, ow to get

it done best. easiest and cheapest.





Send me one dollar and I will l_

shl you. FREIGHT PAID BY. .

M SELF. this improved 1913

model Chatham Grain Grader . . .

and Cleaner with all equipment. ., , ,,,,

Clean your Seed Wheat.0ats.Flax. -



Grass Seed.

etc. Then PLANT those fine seed. Ab-

TER you have harvested a bumper crop.

pay me the balance of my low price. Not

one enuy need you pay. except the $1.

Anglliy Novem-





 





 





HANSON CAMPBELL 00., llell‘dt, “CL, limes City, Mo. Minneapolis, Minn.





 

   

 





 





 

   

 

 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 





 

 





The CHATHAM





Grain Grader and Cleaner





 

   

   

   

 





 

   

 





grain that you cannot get rid of. don't get discour-

aged. to me.

Hendlee ell Smell Greln endllreee Seed

My 1913 Chatham handles over 70 seed

mixtures—wheat. oats. peas. heuns.corn. har-

lvsf. flax. driver. ., . es

ld oats. tame oats and smut from seed

wheat any mixture from flax: buckhorn

from c over: sorts corn tor-drop planter. Re-

moves toul weed seed and all sunken. cracked

or sickly grains. Takes out all dust. dirt and

chaff. l is also a bully chatter. Handles

60 bushels grain r hour. Gas power or

hand power. E est running mill on earth.





Speclel Corn-Sorting Attachment



Last year I added a Corn-Sorting Attachment,

which grades corn so that a round or edge dro

planter drops the right number of grains in

out of eve 100 hills (in repeated tests at State

Agricultur Colleges). Same planters, loaded with

ungradcd corn, make only 660ut ofloo perfect hills.

In two months I ship to Iowa farmers alone

4.000 machines with rn-Borting Atti chments.

Try my Special Corn-Sorting Attachment. It will

increase your corn. crop amazingly I





Foetal Brlnge My New Book



on Seed Selection. Every chapter is highly

practical and exceedingly interesting. It shows

an eas , simple way to get rid of any weed on your

ow to se arate any mixture of grains-in

short. in; to see? pelt-foot again for angina/esgigg

or mar no. on posts roan an recei



next mil my new Boo free. Address Dept. 60 1'.





   

   

   





I





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





When writing advertisers please mention The Michigan_Farmer





invariably traceable to neglect,





_ T H E ‘i‘Mr‘I c H IfG-‘A' N" -F A RfiMEB.





be desired and. the amount, of grain .a

bull should be fed varies according to the

demands of'the animal. It is well to feed

the bull about the same ration that you

w0uld a cow during the period of gesta-

tion. Oats and bran are good feeds for

breeding animals. Equal parts of corn,

bran and cats, at little oil meal and plenty

of clover hay, or corn silage, is an ex-

cellent ration.



In preparing the food it is advisable to

grind the food, but it should never be

cooked or soaked. The bull should be

kept in about the same degree of fatness

the year around, not too fat, but in a.

good healthy, thrifty condition. If the

bull is allowed. plenty of exercise and the

proper kind of feed, intensive feeding will

not hurt him. The winter ration for the

bull should be about the same- as for a.

cow. The ratiOn should be made as eco-

nomical as possible, by feeding plenty of

roughage and as little gain as possible.

Sanitation is an important factor affect-

ing the health and vigor of the bull and

his calves. A good clean stall should be

kept in the barn for the bull, opening

into a paddock large enough for him to

lake plenty of exercise. Exercise is an

important and fundamental factor in de-

termining the number of COWS he will

get with calf. As a general rule, most

bulls do not get enough exercise during

the winter months. There are several

ways in which the bull may be forced to

take exercise. Some breeders exercise

their bulls by making them operate a

treadmill, which is connected with a

churn, separator, etc., but as a rule this

is too much. Other breeders take their

bulls out for a walk each day as they

would a stallion. All of these methods

are good, but the best plan is to let him

have plenty of room to roam over and if

the bull is healthy and being properly fed

he will take enough exercise himself,

without being forced to.



In the summer time, and especially

during the hot months when the files are

so bad, the bull should be kept in a

clean, dry, dark room in the barn in

order that he will not have to fight the

flies all the time. The bedding should be

kept. clean and dry for if it is not the

bull is likely to get foul feet and these

are to be avoided if possible. Nothing is

more annoying to an animal of any kind

than a ily, especially in damp, hot weath-

er, and if the bull is compelled to fight

files all the time he is bound to waste

lots of his vigor in so doing and will not

.be in as strong a breeding condition when

full comes as he might otherwise have

lbcen had he been better cared for.





 





1n breeding it is best to keep the cows

land bull separated, that is, not allowed to

'run together all the lime. \Vhen you

want a cow to be served turn her into

the lot where the bull is and allow the

ibull to serve her only once and then take

lthe cow out. In this way the bull is not

lallowcd to serve the cow several times

and in so doing worry himself and ex-

haust his vitality. \Vhere the bull is al-

lowed to serve the cow but once, he can

very well scrve two or three and, if he

is a mature bull and in a good thrifty,

healthy condition, perhaps four cows the

same day. The bull lot should be sur-

rounded by a high fence and cattle should

not be allowed to be around close to the

lot. Some breeders turn the bulls in

with the cows and allow them to run to-

gether, and where this is done the bull

should be dchorned as he may injure the

cows with his horns. No stock farm

should be without a pair of stocks to put

the cattle in when dchorning, castrating,

trimming their feet, etc.



Many other things might be said con-

cerning the bull, such as his selection

and test for tuberculosis, if he is pur-

chased from some other breeder. But

as the bull is the foundation of the herd

his proper care and management must be





 





looked to first for without a good bull

[we cannot have a good and profitable

herd.



Indiana. C. M. AN’DE‘RfiON.





PREPARING THE EWES FOR LAMB-

ING.



Ewes, to be motherly, generous milk-

ers. gentle and quiet in disposition and

prolific at lambing must be mainllained in

a healthy vigorous physical condition dur—

ing the period of pregnancy. Success

with both ewes and lambs at lambing

time very largely depends upon the kind

of feed and care they receive throughout

the previous preparatory months while

growing their unborn crop. Difficult lamb-

ing, ewes disowning their young, insuffi-

cient milk flow and numerous other an-

noying conditions at lambing time are

L irregu-

larity of care or improper feeding. Preg-





 





FEB. 8’, 19113. '-





nant eWes are particularly sensitive to





any form of ill-treatment and especially"





during the gestation period.



Sustaining normal healthy and high

psysical vitality and essentially important

requisites in preparing eWes for lambing.

Ewes confined to limited quarters and

dry feed are susceptible to attacks of

local ailment, such as coughing, catarrh

and constipatiOn that, while not ordinar-

ily considered serious are a direct draft

upon the physical strength of the ewes.

Flocks that are more carefully tended

and housed than usual are found to be

more subject to these forms of ailment

than those given access to open fields

and well ventilated stables. Flock own-

ers should strive to eliminate prolific

sources of disease, such as over-feeding,

under-feeding, irregularity of feeding.

'want of plenty of pure drinking water

and inadequate protection against wet.

chilling storms.



The composition of the ration supplied

the eyes during pregnancy has much to

do with maintaining active assimilation

and promoting flesh formation.

ious and many times fatal mistake made

by flock owners is feeding pregnant ewes

too much fat-forming food, causing them

to take on loose fatty flesh which pro-

duces a sluggish, non-active condition of

the entire system. The ration should be

composed of such feeds as supply suffi-

cient nourishment to all parts of the

body, including the feeding of the un~

born young, without impairing the func-

tion of growth and development. Feed-

ing plentifully of some kinds ‘of feeds

does not necessarily mean that sufficient

of the right kind of food is being supplied

to meet the requirements of pregnant

ewes. The ration should be compounded

to meet the special needs above enu-

merated. /



A variety of feed is as essential in pre-

paring ewes for lambing as :1 ration pos-

sessr-d of the necessary ingredients. A

frequent error creeps into the manage~

ment of pregnant ewes in feeding con-

stautly of the same kind of feed. Sheep

naturally relish a wide range- of diet and

if allowed to select for themselves con-

sume weeds, and leaves of shrubs, along

with the variety of forage found in mea-

dow pastures. Variety of feed not only

insures proper nourishment, but promotes

good digestion and a. healthy appetite.

Not all members of the flock relish equal-

ly the same kind of feed. Variety in the

ration privileges those of more delicate

appetite to obtain the food they need to

promote active digestion.



Succulency in the ration for ewes be-

ing prepared for lambing is of vital im-

portance and materially assists in. pro-

moting the purpose in View. Sheep are

different in many respects from other

domestic animals. They do not have the

habit of drinking large quantities of wat-

er at one time to assist assimilation.

Feeds such as roots, ensllagc and cab-

bage, are excellent sources of supplying

succulent matter in the ration for preg-

nant ewes during the winter months.

\Vllere the flock can have the privilege of

roaming over meadow and stubble fields

when the snow is not too deep for graz~

ing, the ewe will secure a- large amount

of succulent food at practically no ex-

pcnse and this will in every way answer

the (losired end. \l’liere conditions are

favorable it is prudent management to

allow the ewes to wander about the fields

as they highly enjoy the privilege and.

also gain a large amount of exercise

which is good for them after being con—

fined for several days.



\\'hile they should be 'fed liberally, we

should not allow the ewes to become ov—

ci'-fat. Pregnant ewes carrying a large

amount of surplus flesh are very likely to

drop weak lambs. Forced feeding to re-

cruit run—down ewes is also apt to pro—

duce similar results. Best results are

obtained when the ewes are kept in a.





uniform thrifty flesh QOndition throughout





the gestation period. Sudden changes in

the ration should be avoided. If it is

necessary to make any changes in the

daily feeding it should be made gradually

and not suddenly. Regularity as to time

of feeding is very important with preg—

nant ewes as it prevents worry and ner-

vous irritation.

Shiawassee Co.





LEO C. RE YNOLDS.





 





. This is a great winter for the sheep

iiiduStry, and it seems a great pity that

Michigan farmer-stockmen are not in the

business more generally. Prices have

ruled much the highest ever recorded in

January, with fat little lambs and handy

little yearlings on the lamb order prime

favor tes in the order 'named. The de-

mand for feeders has kept up. and the

limited Ollie-rings have brought fancy

prices, although not any higher figures

than were proper, comparing them with

the prices

stock.





A ser- -





realized for. prime finished...
FEB. 3;, 1.9.13. .





FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.

Grain Ration for Fat-tenlnq steers.





- We have 19 head of steers coming three

years old to fatten and we have. ensilage,

bean pods and clover hay for roughage,

oats and corn for grain ration and would

like to know if you would advise the pur-

chase of cottonseed meal at $30 a ton to

mix with corn and oats?

Isabella Co. Susscmsms,





While it is necessary to furnish suffi-

cient protein in the ration to make it

suitably balanced to produce the most

economical gains in feeding steers, ex-

periments seem to indicate that it is

more profitable to supply this protein in

roughage feed, as far as possible, than

in can-centrates. Thus, with clover hay

and bean pOds as roughage, it would not

be as necessary to feed a concentrate rich

in protein as would be the case if the

roughage portion of the ration were not

made up of feeds rich in this element of

nutrition. The making of corn silage an

important factor in the ration for fat-

tening steers is the subject of recent ex-

perimentation, but some rather exhaust-

ive experiments were conducted at the

Indiana experiment station last year

which shed some light upon this prob-

lem.



In these experiments, however, cotton-

seed meal was made a factor in the ra-

tion so that no results comparable with

those which would be obtained with corn

and oats are shown. In these experi-

ments the plot of steers which made the

most economic gains weighed in at a

total of 9,637 pounds and weighed out at

the close of the feeding period at 13,353

pounds. These steers consumed a total

of feed as follows: Shelled corn, 21,885

pounds; cottonseed meal, 4,452.5 pounds;





THE MICHI'G





about the details than are given in this

inquiry. Not only the Indiana experi-

ments, but also those conducted in Iowa,

point to the larger use of ensilage as a

roughage in the ration of fattening steers,

which necessitates the use of some con-

centrate like cottonseed meal or oil meal

to furnish the protein required.





.__—..___.





SOWS DURING PREGNANCY.





_.._._





1 In the care of sows during pregnancy

there are two facts that should be borne

in mind. One is that the sow is on

double duty, as she has to keep up her

own bodily functions and supply material

for the development of the fetal young.

This last is a drain on her system. and

therefore her feed should be well looked

to and should consist of grains and tu-

bers rich in protein. Guard against let-

ting the ration become rich in carbohy-





drates. Do not allow the sows to become

constipated.

I believe in feeding liberally but, of





course, not quite so much now as after

the pigs are farrowed. It is a good idea

to keep the sow in fair fleSh, neither fat

nor lean. If I were willing to make an

error either way, I 'had rather the ani-

mal would become fat than to become

lean. I know I say this in opposition to

the views of a great many of Our farm-

ers and breeders who hold to the theory

that the reproductive organs are liable

to become transformed into masses of

fat, and that great precaution must be-

taken to prevent the animal from taking

on any surplus flesh. But the use of the

reproductive organs in either sex, creates

demands of an unusual nature on the an-

imal‘s organism, and these demands must





 





 





' .y " '

, . ,.

ha? rag";





 





 





 





A Good Type of Foundation Stock for Both Breeder and Farmer.





clover hay, 4,071 pounds, and corn silage

39,664 pounds.



The only other lot of steers in this

trial which were fed clover hay in con-

nection with corn and cottonseed meal

weighed in at 9,653 pounds, weighed out

at 13,398 pounds and consumed a total of

24,645 pounds of shelled corn, 4.401 pounds

of cottonseed meal, 9,298 pounds of clover

hay and 25,650 pounds of corn silage. The

cost of gain in this lot, estimating clover

hay at $10 per ton and corn silage :1t$3.50

per ton, was 75 cents more per cwt. of





.gain than on the lot fed large propor-





tions of silage and less. clover hay.



The lot of steers which made still more

economic gains, however, were fed on

corn silage as an exclusive roughage ra—

tion with shelled corn and cottonseed meal

in about the proportion as above given,

as the grain ration. The cost of gains in

this lot with the corn silage reckoned at

the same price as above was 63 cents less

per cwt. than the cheaper of the two

costs of grains mentioned above.



It would thus appear that for economic

results the greater the proportion of corn

Silage and the smaller the proportion of

other roughage fed the less will be the

cost of the gains. Hence if the supply

of ensilage is abundant it would appar-

ently not pay to feed sufficient clover hay

and bean pods to supply the needed pro-

tein in the ration, and in this case it

would undoubtedly pay to add some cot-

tonseed meal to the ration at the price

mentioned above. On the other hand, if

the supply of ensilage is limited and it is

necessary to feed considerable other

roughage the clover hay and bean pods

will supply the greater part of the need-

ed protein and if the supply of home-

grown oats is large it would probably _be

nearly if not quite as profitable to utilize

the home-grown grain exclusively.



So many factors enter into a problem of





this kind that it is imposisible to give‘





specific advice without knowing more





 





be met in the same manner as those of

a different character, such as growth,

labor, etc., by providing liberal supplies

of the right kind of feed.



It is beyond the course of common

reasoning that a sow can fast for four

months and give birth to a litter of

strong, healthy pigs. Do not understand

me to say that a sow cannot be over—

fed; they can, and are very frequently

so treated with not very good results.

But what I wish to say is that more

sows are underfed than overfed. If it is

found that sows are gaining too much

flesh, try them on a pasture where they

will get more exercise. In winter feed

them at some distance from the sleeping

pen.



Again, remember that there are direct

demands upon the sows for the building

of tissue matter, This calls for care in

the matter of choosing feed.‘ Such feeds

as'bran, oil meal, beans, peas, oats and

barley should be used. Clovers, alfalfa

and vetches are of great value at this

period.



Strive to keep the animal’s system in

proper condition and feed but little corn.

If one is forced to use this largely in the

animal’s diet, then it becomes very nec-

essary that the animal have a good deal

of exercise. One can get them to exer-

cise by having the feed at one end of a

long lot and the house at the. other.



Owing to there being no grass to be

had during the winter months the sows

need special care to keep them in good

health. The system of this animal de-

mands green food, and also there is a

need for some bulk. To make up for

the lack of green ’fe-ed one should supply

roots, such as potatoes and turnips.

Some claim to experience difficulty in

feeding roots on account of the loosening

effect on the bowels. For this reason

one should use them in moderation, and

if so used there will be no bad effects.



(Continued On page 180).





 





 





AN FARMERS





 

   





 

 





liiillt l





 





What Three Bushels More to the





Acre Means





EIGHT years ago the farmers in a central state

averaged crops that ran three bushels less to the acre





than they now get.



Suppose each acre of farm land 1n the country were so tended that

it produced an increase equal to that of this state. How much more

money would you have with which to buy the luxuries of life that you

earn and deserve? Your share 1n this prosperit depends entirely upon

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erly with manure spreadb y an





I H C Manure Spreader





Manure cannot be spread as it should be unless a machine 15 used.

An I H C spreader covers the ground with an even coat, light or heavy

as may be needed, and pulverized so that the plant food elements 1n

the manure combine with the soil to the best advantage.



The spreader that does this work as it should be done must have

many excellent mechanical features. The ap1 on should move without

jerking; the beater should meet the load at exactly the right point to

pulverize the manure without too greatly increasing the draft of the

machine; the speed changes of the apron should be positive whether

the spreader 15 going up hill or down. All these features are provided

for m the construction of I H C Spreaders.



I H C Spreaders are made in high and low styles, narrow and wide,

with both reverse and endless aprons, for use under all conditions.

There are machines with wood and with steel frames as may be de-

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The I H C local dealer carries in stock the machines best suited

to your locality. See him for catalogues and full information,





or write

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Incor rated

Chicago D" u s A





 





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Such a roof would be practically indestructible. Fire

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A roof of this description-a roof that is cut from solid rock

to all intents and purposes—is





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, This roofing 15 made by crushing solid Asbestos Rock and compressing the

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J-M Asbestos Roofing shows no signs of deterioration. It is the cheapest of all

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Adapted to any building and any climate. Easily and quickly applied. If

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Write our nearest branch for sample of the Asbestos Rock from which this



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'H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.





:19, . ,





 

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

   

   





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152-8





 





 





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needs no insurance—because it is permanent. It

cannot burn; will not blow over; lasts a lifetime.





Built of Hollow Vitrified Clay Blocks .1





The most lasting material known. Blocks are air tight and moisture

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Any Mason Can Build an Imperishable Silo

Once up—it will last a lifetime without needing repairs.





.We have a 50 page illustrated book on silos and

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valuable feeding information. It-

contains articles by prominent

writers, including Prof. Hugh



‘G. Van Pelt. Sent FREE on





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FIRE PROOFING '

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What Do You Consider a Good Investment?





Eight per cent would be called good returns. Do you realize that owning

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cases but frequently farmers who own





Fairbanks Scales





find the scales pay. for themselves in a single season.

They will yieldjust as good returns for you. if you 1'?

sell much produce or stock. 1



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paid too much {or what you bought; whether your .

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Buying Fairbanks Scales is in the highest

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More Protein and Fat than Oil Meal. About same b h tected

as Cotton Seed Meal. Sever injurious... Ask your. 32%;?“ 02.3“: “a m

dealer or write for information on feeding. .





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ililll





 





 

 





time—prevent silage freezing in

winter and drying out in sum-

mer. Opens and closes easier than barn doors.

Easy climbing ladder. 7 inch foothold. Get

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.SUPEIIIIIRIIIIIPIEX MILL





.Do bl di rt uh tooth

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I with one-third less fuel.

1 - Force feed: never chokes. ForGaso-

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cobs or in shucks. shell corn. sheaf

oats. Kalli: corn. alfalfa. oats. rye.

wheat, barley. cotton seed.

W” or:





 





_fa1‘.thcr back from the manger.





   

   

 

 

   

 





 





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CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





THE MODEL COW STALL.





 





Please send me your plan of modern





cow stall. .

Mecosta Co. G. W. H.





\Vould you kindly send me details of

the modern cow stall?

Sanilac Co. W. S. B.





The model cow stall, sometimes called

Hoard‘s model cow stall. differs essen-

tially from other cow stalls in two ways.

First, it has two mangers, one for feed-

ing hay and the other for feeding en-

siluge and grain, etc. Second, a gutter

behind the cows is not an essential part

of the stall and does not assist in keep-

ing them clean. One can have a \gutter

in the stable if he chooses, but it simply





,acts as a storage for manure until the





manure is hauled out. You can keep the

cows just as clean without the gutter as

you can with it.



The floor of this Stall should be about

71/5 feet for ordinary cows, from the from:

of the manger, "that is from the edge of

the feeding alloy. The first two feet of

this space is occupied with a cement

manger for feeding eusilage, grain, etc.

The-u 011 top of this cement manger is

arranged the foundation for the hayman-

ger. About 18 inches abOve the cement

manger we begin the bottom of the hay

manger, which should be made narrow.

A 2114 is widér cnough for the bottom of

the manger. The front part of the man-

ger extends up 4%. feet high. The back

side of the manger is constructed out of

slats which are nailed to the 2x4 at the

bottom and slant over the cow at an

angle of 45 degrees and long enough so

that the top of the hay manger and the

perpendicular front or alley side are 2%,

feet apart. This gives ample room for

storage of hay or straw or shredded corn

fodder or in fact any roughage that it is

desired to be fed. The philosophy of hav-

ing thi5_manger constructed upon a slant

in this way is that when the cow eats





. hay she must stand farther back in her





stall than she does when she eats her

silage.



A partition is made between each cow

by running a 2114 from the- top-of the

hay manger back so that the back por-

tion of it or the end will be.71,§ feet from

the front of the manger. This partition

is boarded up, fixing' it so that the cows

cannot step 011 each other’s udders or

get from one stall to the other. Of

course; if the floor is- cement a plan

should be followed leaving bolts project-

ing from the cement wherever you‘ want

these partitions for the cow stalls and

then have a 2x4 laid down which will ex-

tend fi‘om the side. of the grain manger

back 1110 remainder of the 71/2 feet and

have this slip over the bolts or pieces of

iron which project up. This makes the

foundation of the partitions secure so

that it will not move. Now the front

part of the manger. (11‘ that portion of it

making the walls of the‘ feeding alley. is.

boarded up and down, leaving an open-

ing about eight inches or a foot wide

through which to put the corn silage and

the grain, etc.



Now the real important part'of the

stable, so. far as keeping the cow clean

is concerned 'all depends upon placing a

2x4 up edgewise across each stall direct--

ly in front of where the cow stands with

her hind feet. \thn she is eating grain

or ensilag‘e out of the lower manger 110‘





tice Where she stands naturally. Then,





put the 2x4 just in front: of her hind feet.

Now the position of this 2x4 will vary

with different length of cows. A short

cow will have the 2x4 closer to the 1mm-

gcr, and a long cow will have it a little

Vthn

the cow is eating hay she has to stand

back and her droppings are back out of

theway. W'hen she lies down she has

got to 'step up‘and lay in this bed be-

tween tihe 2x4 and the manger. This

should-be filled with bedding. If the

straw won’t pack in then it should be

moistened or perhaps some dirt mixed in

with it so that» it will pack dowu and

make a bed four inches deep and the cow

lies on this, free and above all dirt and

filth. In this way she keeps perfectly

clean. -



NOW if you change cowa in these stalls

then you should change these 2114's if the

cows vary in length. If this will be

done Carefully there will be no trouble

about keeping the cows clean, with the





exception of now and then one that don’t





seem to know enough to step up and lie





FEB: '3, 1913.





On this bed, and then they must be edu-

cated to it If you have very much trou-





-_ _ . -34





 





 





ble in this respect you can put a piece of





gas pipe from the edge of the- lower man-

ger parallel with the slats on the hay

rack and have a ring over this with a:

chain on and tie them to the chain so

that when they lie down they will have





.to lay farther ahead or else they will be





pulIed.



Another method is to place a good big

stone back of the 2x4 to make the cows

get far enough ahead So that they will

lie in a. clean place. The most of them,

however, will Step forward and lie in

this place without any trouble 0n the

part of the herdsma‘n.





It will be seen that a gutter is no es- .





sential part of this stall but! if y0u have

a gutter back of lhls'71/2 feet it is a con-

venientplace to store the. manure until

it is hauled out.





ALFALFA MEAL—GRAIN RATION FOR

HEIFERS BEFORE FRESHENING.





 





 





I started in the farming business three





years ago with two Holstein cows and'





one of them gave rhe a fine heifer calf

and the other gave me fine twin heifers.

i “lute-red a cow for a man who lived in

town W had her milk and heifer calf as

m_\ pay. During this year I have lost

one of my Holsteins and have bought a.

Jersey and one common cow These. with

two calves this yeal from the first two

Holste‘ius. coustitutc my herd I have

wheat bran buckwheat bran and mid-

dlings mixed equal parts together with

com silage and corn fodder. Can buy

alfalfa meal at from $30035 per ton.

\l' nuld it be advisable to add the meal?

Should I add corn meal? Can you give

me a ration from these feeds? I expect

tour of the heifers to come fresh during

February and March. Is it advisable to

feed a grain ration before freshening?

W hat ration to 21 milch cow coming freSh

next month? One that is milking? Please

give me a treatment f0: the barnyard

itch Viill sprinkling cut fodder and let—

ting it lay for a few hours benefit it any?

Manistee Co. K. M. J.





I do not think it would be pofitable to

pay $30 to $35 a ton for alfalfa meal. I

don’t think there is any use in grinding

the alfalfa. anyway. The cows can do

their own grinding and will relish it bet-

ter. I would prefer to buy clover hay in

Michigan this year at the price even to

buy alfalfa hay at what you would have

to pay. for it,.delivered. I believe that





you could get along with the roughage"





you have, if provided with plenty of corn

silage and corn fodder and I would make





up the protein in a grain ration rather,

than to buy a bulky ration rich in pro--





tein, unleSS I could get the clover or al.-

f‘aifa hay at a reasonable price close at

hand. I would suggest that instead of





putting corn meal into this ration that}





you buy gluten feed, which is a corn pro-

duct rich in protein. As your roughage

is deficient in protein this will be a move

in the right direction. I would say take





‘ your buckwheat bran and middlings and





mix them with wheat bran. equal parts

by weight, and put in an equal part by

weight of gluten feed. Then feed as

many pounds of the grain per day as

you produce pounds ofnbutier-fat in a.

week. I think this would make a splen-

did ration and that your cattle would do

well upon it, Feed what corn silage they





will eat up clean each morning and also





give them all the cornsl‘alks they will eat

up. Don’t ask the cows to cut all of the

cornstalks. Allow them to pick out the

best portion of them. ‘It would improve

the ration if you could get a feed of Clo-

ver hay at a reasonable price.



There isn’t any question but what it

will pay you to feed these heifers 21 good

ration before they freshen. That is the

time to feed heifers. If you “ever have

a chance in the world to develop the ud-





der-s on heifers it is before they freshen.





”the first time. and don’t be afraid of giv—

ing them a good liberal ration. I feed

the-m the same feed that I feed the cows

after freSiiening‘, and giVe Illelll a good

liberal‘rai’ion. You will not be sorry for

it. They will do all the better when they

come in.



I am not acquainted with what Mr. J.

calls the barnyard itch. i know naming

about it. You had better consult a vet-

elx‘inai'iun.



Sprinkling cut fodder and allowing it

to lay some little time will soften it up

and undoubtedly make it a. little more

palatable, and I presume that you will

get :1 little mere of'the corn fodder eaten

in this way than you will if you feed it

all dry.

increased Or not is another proposition.

It will add nothing to it only in making

it more palatable.





Reguldrltymfgmilking; is-mat-ertai with:





the careful dairyman. A difference of

an hour in the time of milking often var-

ies the amount of milk secreted by 10%.





Whether the food value will be’
’ ' {FEBTSZ'E‘iz’T'





'start with 25 or 30 feet high.





' vian cattle.





   

 





n





A'SILO ON A_SMALL FARM.





—____..





Would you please outline some of the

advantages of a silo on a'small farm?

How large would you advise tp build on

a' 40 to 80-acre farm? Would you advise

using clover fer silage or do you think

it will pay better as hay? How can

silage be kept from spoiling in the- sum-

mer? .VVill cows do as well on Silage as

on pasture?

you figure for each cow?



Sanilac Co. H. G.



There are just as many advantages,

and more, to have a silo on a small farm

as on. a large farm. 'By putting the

corn crop into a silo you 'can keep much

more live stock on the farm because you

get the entire food value of the corn

plant, none of it being wasted. I would

build a silo 10 or 12 feet in diameter and

Then later

on if you want to increase the silo ca-

pacity you can extend it and make it

highe-r.vi‘f~You want to figure on feeding

from 30 to 40 pounds of silage a day to

each cow, depending on the size of the

cow and the amount of other foods which

you. feed her. If .you have a good warm

barn to keep the cows in in the winter

time you can get practically as good re-

sults where you have silage to feed in

the winter time as you can on pasture in

the summer time. Unless you have waste

latid that cannot be plowed for pasture,

you can produce milk cheaper in the win-

ter time than you can in the summer

time. The barn must be comfortable,

warm, well-lighted and well ventilated.

BEST KIND OF WATER BOWLS FOR

' COW STABLE.





 





 





May I trouble you with a few questions

in regard to your plan of watering cows?

A few years ago I was in your barn and

think, if I am not mistaken, you had

your water bowls so arranged that two

cows could use one bowl. Is that way

satisfactory? Is the long oval bowl bet-

ter where two are to use the same bowl?

Can they be easily cleaned out? Should

the bow} be tapped in the bottom or in





the side. I don‘t understand how they

could be flushed out if tapped in the

side.



KalkaSKa Co. D. P. R.





I first tried the double, or oval, bowl,

in my barn, which allows two cows‘ to

drink out of the same bowl, but I was

not satisfied with them because the cows

would fight over ‘the bowls. You had to

cut a hole through the partition, in their

stalls and when they were drinking they





-Would quarrel, and I didn’t like this and

,so I took out the double bowls and put





in single bowls, giving each cow a bow?

by herself. ~ g



It is best to have these bowls tapped on

the side. Then when dirt gets into the

'bowl it settles in the bottom of the bowl

but doesn’t get into the pipe. If they are

tapped at the bottom a short nipple ought

to be put onto the pipe so it comes

through the bottom and extends up a

couple of inches into the bowl for the

same reason‘; so that the dirt will be

kept out of the pipe as much as pOSsible.

The bowls do not need to be flushed, for

one can clean them out readily enough,

but it is a good thing to flush the pipe

once in a. while, as sometimes dirt will

get into the pipe, and you can flush the

pipe just as well if you have them tapped

in the side as you can if you have them

tapped in the bottom. In fact, I would

not have them tapped in the bottom un-





less a nipple was put on to keep out the ,





straw and other litter that might get in

the pipes and stop them up.





 





RED POLLED, POLLED DURHAM.

AND DEVON CATTLE.



Will you kindly tell me what is the

difference between Red Polled cattle and

Polled Durham? Which would be the

best butter cow? What are the Devon

cattle? How heavy are they? Would

they be a good butter cow? I never saw

the Devon advertised in The Farmer. Are

there any breeders in the state?



Jackson CO._ . L. C. _P.



The native home of the Red Polled cat-

tle is in the eastern part of England in

the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. The

origin of this breed, like that of many of

our domestic breeds of animals, is not

definitely known. It is suggested that

they originated from the polled breeds

of Southern Europe crossed upon the

native cattle of that section. Later on .it

developed that the. Suffolk Red Polled





.Were quite noted for their dairy quality.





This breed probably has the blood of

Scandinavian cattle for this section of

the country was at one time settled by

Scandinavians and it is quite probable

that they brought with them Scandina-

In Norfolk county the cat-

tle were bred in an early day more for

beef production and a breed developed

there which had quite marked beet char-

acteristics, and then began a mingling of

the blood of 'the cattle of these two





About how many, tons’ do‘





‘THE MICHIG-





countries, which after a time resulted in

the modern breed of Red Polled cattle.

The type at first was somewhat different

but gradually by careful selection the

type became quite fixed and it has re-

sulted in an easy-keeping, horniess, red

colored, dual purpose animal. Animals of

this breed present the dual purpose type

in its truest form and good specimens

yield milk liberally and fatten satisfac-

torily on drying off, producing a good

grade of beef.





The Polled Durham is the result of

uniting native mooley cows of this coun-

try with pure-bred Shorthorn bulls. In

this way the horns were bred off of the

Shorthorn, and finally the type became

fixed and a. Polled ’Durham herd book

was established, denominating it a new

breed. Later on when the custom of de—

horning cattle, eSpecially beef cattle, be-

came popular, breeders of pure-bred

Shorthorns succeeded in. breeding the

horns off, or producing horniess pure-

bred Shorthorns. These, because of the

fact that they had no horns, were eligi-

ble to registration in the Polled Durham

herd book and they were also eligible to

registration in the Shorthorn herd book,

and so they were designated as double

standard Polled Durhams, while those

animals which resulted from crossing

Durham bulls upon native mooley cows

were called single standard. Since that

time there has been a gradual weeding

out of the grade Durhams in this breed

until now only those containing a very

large per cent of Shorthorn blood are eli-.

gible to registration. The probability is

that it will only be a short time before

the Polled Durhams are really pure-bred





9





Shorthorns, the cross-breds having all

been eliminated. This breed is a dis-

tinct beef breed, and has very minor





dairy qualities.



The Devon cattle are an English breed

that originated in the county of Devon

in the southwestern part of England.

They were one of the earlier breeds of

native British cattle to be improved by

selection and breeding. They were

brought to this country by the Pilgrim

fathers and it is supposed that The May-

flower contained some of these cattle.

Early in our country’s history- the Devon

cattle were quite common, in New Eng-

land and members of this breed consti-

tuted the beasts of burden and were re-

markable for their hardiness and endur-

ance Many of the cows had good dairy

qualities, and they were also good for

beef. This is another dual purpose breed.

Devon cows make fair dairy animals.

They give rich milk, almost as rich as

Jerseys and Guernseys, but they are not

such persistent milkers as these special

dairy breeds. Consequently they have

never gained marked distinction for dairy

purposes.



\Vhile Dev0n cattle were among the

very first breeds to be introduced into

this country and while as a breed they





have many desirable qualities, yet they

have not gained in popularity, but have

gradually gone into disfavor, until now

it is rare that we find Devons. No par-





ticular reason can be given for this be-

cause they are really a splendid breed of

cattle. The probability is, however, the

special dairy breeds 0n the one hand and

the special beef breeds on the other have

gradually crowded them out.



Red Polled are very much more com-

mon in this country ,today than Devons.

Some Red Polled cows have made splen-

did records as dairy animals and the

steers are good feeders and make a good

quality of beef.





 





A BALANCED RATION WITH CORN

FOBDER, COB MEAL, BRAN,

RYE AND CARROTS.





 





\Vish you would balance ration for my

cows. Have cob meal, bran, ground rye,

carrots and shredded fodder.



Oceana Co. H. J. P.



It is impossible to make a balanced

ration out of these foods because you

can’t get one containing the right pro-

portion of protein to the carbohydrates to

have economical digestion and assimila-

tion. You have got to add some food that

is rich in protein, and besides I do not

think cows ought to have simply corn

fodder for roughage. I believe it would

pay to buy hay and feed them hay once

a day. The carrots, of course, are 'ex-

cellent for a succulent food. If you have

enough of them you can feed them quite

liberally once a day. Otherwise, I would

feed a small amount of them and have

them last longer so as to have a, small

amount of succulency as long as possi-_

ble. In addition to corn-and-cob meal,

bran, and ground rye. I would purchase

either cottonseed meal, oil meal, qr glu-





_A:N FARMER





     





e





IIIIIIIIIIIIII

D E LAVAL Seglaiaaltidrs





.





ARE EASIEST TO WASH





The construction of the De Laval bowl is such that it can be

completely taken apart for washing. .



The discs, bowl parts and tinware have no tubes, crev1ces,

holes or corrugated surfaces such as are found in other ma-

chines and which are very hard to clean.



The De Laval discs are washed as a single piece and the

whole machine can be thoroughly





CLEANED IN FIVE MINUTES





There is no part of the De Laval bowl which cannot be easily

reached and seen, so that the operator can always tell whether or

not every part has been properly cleaned.



The ease with which the De Laval can be thoroughly washed

and kept in a sanitary condition is one reason why creamerymen

prefer De Laval to other separator cream, and is likewise one of

the reasons why butter made from De Laval cream has scored

highest at the National Dairy Show for over 20 years.



The new 72-page De Laval Dairy Hand Book. in which important dairy questions

are ablyldiscussed by the best authorities, is a book that every cow owner should





have. ailed free upon request if you mention this paper. New 1913 De Laval

catalog also mailed upon request. Write to nearest oflice.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR Co.

NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





I ‘l.





 

 

   





 





 





 





. to





I lit





JafiagzzzZErZQQVaraazn?





   

 





 

   

   





The big reason why young people flock

from the country to the cities is because farm

life is so hard, the hours of labor are so long

and the pleasures are so few. We have

stopped the tide of emigration from 25,000

farms and we are ready to stop it from

yours. The





‘TINeieM





cuts out the disagreeable work of carrying

feed from one barn to another and enables .

one person to feed more animals in half an

hour than two persons can feed in an hour

without it. It makes the dairy business

profitable 'all year round and fattens your

steers at lowest cost. It makes the hens lay

more eggs and it conditions the horses and





. (i





,”..l;t,,.,i 1,1, “I III .- /

Q/li‘l'fl, why]! J‘ fllllfiE/Jl’fil





 

 

 

 

 

 





     

 

 

   

 





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/ fly, mules. It is the best pork producer on the

. a??? ,= m?“ d -

1' 1-, ' ,, , ,, r ’ . ’;\< _-c 7 ' he In iana Silo is never an expense or a

/////,,./// ////IIIII “///( \.. “ luxury. It is always a money making in-





 





vestment and a necessity. It is built of

uniformly {perfect silo materials and lasts

for years and years. The first Indiana Silo

we ever built has been in use for more than

ten years and will be in good condition ten

years from to-day. The profits an Indiana

Silo will bring you will enable you to buy

the luxuries that make farm life as attract-

ive as city life at its best.



If you want to keep your boys and girls at home,

order an Indiana Silo to-day. We will build one to





your order and_ship it the very day you want it.

The payments Will take care of themselves.





   





 





   

 





WRITE today for

our catalogue and



a free copy of the

book “Silo Profits,”

which is the story of the

Indiana Silo as written by

scores of owners of In-

diana Silos. And ask us

for the name of Our rep-

resentative in your 10-





   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





cality“ THE IN DIANA SILO COMPAN

“You buy an Indiana SiIo— Factories: .

but it pay: for itself." Anderson, Ind. Des Moineo. In. Kansas City Mo.





 





 





382 Union Bldg. 332 Indiana Bldg. '382 Silo Bills.





, 4

CASH ill BAGS





Turn them into money. We buy them in any '

quantity» sound or torn, at. a liberal price and

pay the ”fight. Write for particulars. 1





 





 





COTTONSEED MEAL





We wont'distribuiiors in your section to push Owl

Brand. Standard for 36 years. P0 1113: because

Bur'evnnd easy '0 sell. Wrte for prizes and plan.





. BBODll.‘ & COMPANY. Memphis. Tenn.





 





Government Farmers Watertight}?





 





ten feed. "I would suggest that you make





 





Free Living Quarters. Write Onment, 17 I". St. Louis.





R0 or»

ence: Citizens Bank. I. I. I 30 7

Broadway, Buffalo, M. It. " I. O” 58 -





   





. ... mtmm ’2.- its-firmtw’
Talk A be at

Simplicity .’

Here are all the parts that go to nuke uplthe bowl of the





SHARPLES





TUBULAR





(JHUUWSERARATORS





and with these three we guarantee Tubulars to

skim 50% closer and to continue to skim 50% closer than

any other separator made.





THIS BEING THE CASE —-





Why should you have to wash up seven times this

many pieces—twice a day?





That is a question that is easier to ask than to answer.





There has never a claim been made for Sharples Tubulars that

could not be proven;—there has never a machine left our Factory

that was not guaranteed Forever.





Mark that—not merely a year, or two years—or even five—but

Forever. Look into these features before exchanging your old

separator, or at the time you decide that there’s money in selling

the cream and keeping the skimmed milk on the Farm.





Write for our interesting Catalog 15? and arrange

for a Free test right under your own roof. The people

who ask questions are the ones who buy Tubulars.





The Sharples Separator Co., West Chester, Pa.





Branches: Chicago. 111.. San Francisco. 0111.. Portland. Ore..

Dill“ Tex" Toronto. Cam. Winnipeg. Can.

AGENCIES EVERYWHERE.





 





 





 





 

 





   

 





     





   





 





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ever 'Clogs - NOV





 





nEfimwwh mfimm%WWl

I II (Kim’g ‘ i i I W

i _ I! ‘- ‘l' PERFECT AND PERMANENT.

l] . ‘ .. i, ' . And the only enclosed track that automatically



, adjusts itself to lie close to the building.

Wflff ’ ’51 LIGHT RUNNING, roller bearing,tandcm trolley hangers, operate

inside of an enclosed track. Always runs easily, never binds.

Can’t get off the track. Can’t be clogged by birds, ice or snow. Can’t be broken by

stock crowding thrOugh half open doors. Carries the heaviest doors. ' Lasts as long as

your building—always on the job. Costs no more than the ordinary makes.





Buy them at your dealer’s or write us for Free descriptive matter.





We make, the famous LOUDEN Hay Tools. Sanitary Steel Cow Stalls and Stanchions,

Litter and Feed Carriers—everything for the barn. Free catalog describes them all. ‘





FREE BARN PLANS SERVICE. If you are going to build or remodel your barn. write for our free barn





Fla" ”Wk" LOUDEN MACHINERY 00.. 703 West Broadway. FAIRFIELD, IOWA.





Cut Your Hard, Disagreeable

Barn Work in Half by using





HARRIS





Litter and Feed Carriers





Our WOOD LINED STEEL STANGHIONS

are easiest to operate and most comfortable

for the cow. Write at once for large FREE

catalogue. It shows you how to PRODUCE

SANITARY MILK at one-half the expense

with HARRIS BARN EQUIPMENT.





., “\~s





 





 





 





.THE'MICHIGAN-FARMER





'the farmer grows





 





 





HARRIS MFG. 60., IS“) Harris Ave., Salem, 0.





Is Your Cream Separator

Guaranteed [191: to Rust?





( Every dairy utensil made of tin wears and rusts. This \

is the reason why a different metal—Nickel Silver—

is used in the skimming sections of the 1913 model





United States cream Separator





Nick‘el Silver Skimming Sections in United States Cream Separators are

Positively Guaranteed Not to Rust





Furthermore, U. S. nickel silver sections are easier to

clean than tinned steel discs or other devices, because milk

and dirt stick to them less tightly than to tin or steel.



Still another advantage of U. S. nickel silver sections

is that they will not crack as tinned steel discs frequently

do, and are, therefore, much more durable.



Back of all the exclusive time, labor and expense saving

qualities of a U. S. Separator you have the separator celebrate

the country over for its close skimming and holder of the

World’s Record in 50 consecutive runs extendmg over a

period of 30 days with milk from 10 breeds of cows.





Our catalogue fully describes these and many other important features.-

Write for it and ask your U. 8. dealer for a free demonstration at your farm.





Price as low as $25 east of the Mountain States.





VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO.

Bellows Falls, Vt. ”“""’"*'r.l'.;'°:.?.::: Chicago, Illinois





 





 





 





 





In Ivory





 





 





 





 





mention the Michigan Farmer.





 





,I'





av ration by mixing corn-and-cob meal}

wheat bran, ground rye and Buffalo glu-

ten feed, equal parts by weight, and

then feed each cow as many pounds per

day as she produces pounds of butter-fat;

in a week, and I would also suggest that

you giVe them one feed of clover hay per

day. If you can’t get clover hay then

use mixed hay. Cows giving milk ought

to have something for roughage besides

corn fodder, and it will pay to give it to

them.





WHAT BREED 0F DAIRY BULl‘ TO

BUY.





As I contemplate buying a bull to im-

rove my herd of grade cattle to a. better

class of dairy cows, will some good au-

thority please inform me of the proper

breed of bull to get? Some prefer Hol—

steins, some Jerseys. and some Guern-

seys. My neighborhood boasts of a‘ co-

operative creamery to which I am a. reg-

ular contributor of cream.





Kent Co. H. R. J.



This question of course brings one

squarely up against the proposition,

“Which is the best dairy breed?" Frank-





ly, I do not know of anybody that knows

which is the best dairy breed. As a.

matter of fact, there is no best dairy





breed. There are four prominent dairy

breeds, the Jersey, the Guernsey, the

Holstein. and the Ayrshire; also the





Brown Swiss and the Dutch Belted. All

of these have distinct breed characteris-

tics, one excels in one particular, another

in another. and when you take them for

all in all, view them from every stand-

point, take all circumstances in consider-

tion, it is doubtful if there is any great

difference in these breeds as breeds when

we put them to the final test of the eco-

nomical production of butter-fat and sol—

ids not fat.



Of course, if you want to compare in-

dividual Jerseys and llolsteins, the H01-

steins are a very large breed of cattle

and the Jerseys a smaller one. and the

small Jersey cannot produce as much

milk as the large. Holstein. So far as

size- is concerned she is outclassed, but

when it comes to taking the feed which

upon his farm and

making it into butter—fat and solids not

fat, that is a different proposition, and

figured on this basis the Jersey will give

a very good account of herself, and, in

fact, so will all the other breeds.



There is a great difference in individu—

als in each breed. There is no breed but

what has poor individuals and good indi-

viduals. and there is greater difference

between the individuals of the same

breed than there is between the breeds as

a. whole, and taking everything into con-





dairy breed that he likes best, and make

no mistake. “’hichever one he selects he

can rest assured if he. has a good indi-

vidual that he has got something ex-

tremely good, something that will im-

prove his common COWS and make supe-

rior dairy animals out of them.





CAN THE RATION BE IMPROVED?





 





I thought I was feeding a fairly bal-

anced ration, when a man with lots more

experience tells me he can increase the

flow of milk at least one-third by chang-

ing the ration. Grade fall cows are giv-

ing 35 lbs. of milk. My ration is 45 lbs.

of silage, 41/2 lbs. crushed oats, 21/2 lbs.

cottonseed meal, and 2 lbs. oil meal per.





day. Clover hay and Hungarian grass

is used for roughage. He would mix

gluten meal, corn-and-cob meal and





crushed oats, equal parts by weight, and

feed one pound for each three pounds of

milk. The silage has very little grain in

it. If there are other feeds I should have.

What are YOUI‘ suggestions? I took your

advice two years ago on “Shall a man





 





in debt build asilo?” I have never re-

gretted building it but I am not out of

debt by any means. Would like to advise

with you further in regard to paying for





a quite badly run sandy farm, if I may

feel free to do so.

Oakland Co. B. D. W.





The ration which is at present being

used can be criticised as containing a lit-

tle bit, more protein than there is need

of, and since protein is the costly part of

the ration it will improve it by reducing

thatclement a little, and. I think the ra—

tion recommended. of corn meal, crushed

oatS, and gluten feed, would probably be

a little bit\ cheaper and furnish a suffi-

cient amount of protein. The ration, how-

ever, that Mr. TV. is now feeding is a

good ration. If the cottonseed meal was

cut out entirely and in its place two

pounds of gluten feed was substituted I

would think just as much of the ration

as the proposed one; and I believe it

would give equally as good results, if

anything it would be even (more eco-

nomical.



I am glad to know that Mr. W. was

progressive enough to build a silo, and I

am sure if he keeps live stock that the





 





sideratlon, I think that one can select the'





FEB. 8,, 1913.





silo will eventually help him get ours:

debt. I shall be- glad indeed to give my

opinion .with regard to. the management

of a farm if ‘it will be of any service.





h..—





ANOTHER RAITION T0 BALANCE.





I haVe lots .of good corn fodder, some

clover hay, bean pods, and oat straw. I

have been feeding corn and cats with a





little rye and some cottOnseed al. In

What proportions do you advise feeding

the above?



Mich. W. W.





All of this roughage is good where you

have such a good variety. Corn fodder

and oat straw fed alone is not very good

but‘whe're you have hay and then feed

a moderate amount of corn fodder and oat

straw it makes a good ration so far as

the roughage is concerned. You also have

good feed for the grain ration.

suggest if you haven’t rye enough to

feed as liberally as you would of the corn

meal and oats that you mix the corn and

oats in the proportion of 200 pounds of

each with 100 pounds of rye. Then the

cottonseed meal is all right if you don’t

feed too much of it. , I wouldn’t feed to

exceed tw0 paunds per day.

the cottonseed meal with the other grain

because it is a concentrated food and one

has to be exceedingly careful in mixing

or else it will not be evenly distributed

and some cows will get more cottonseed

meal than they ought to have. There-

fore, I would feed this separately to know

just exactly how much each cow is get—

ting, and would not exceed two pounds

per day. You can feed this two pounds

to one feed if you choose, either night or

morning. Then feed enough of the other

grain ration so that the cows will get in

all as many pounds of grain per day as

they produced pounds of butter-fat in a.

week. Feed the clover hay what they

will eat up clean without wasting, but the

corn fodder and the out straw should be

fed more liberally. You cari't expect them

to eat it all up clean. Let them pick out

the best.





THE _SILO A NATIONAL FACTOR.





 





The leading agricultural subject of the

day is the silo, and its coming is of na-

tional importance. No subject is receiv-

ing so much attention from the experi-

ment stations, farm papers and farmers’

institutes. All the great industries de-

pending on live stock, such as the stock

yards, creamerries, packing houses and

transportation companies, are advocating

its use. It is a conservation subject of

great importance, for with it can be sav-

ed a large part of our principal crop.

Nearly 40 per cent of the food elements

of the corn crop of this country are now

wasted. By the use of the silo this could

be saved and by so doing, hundreds of

millions of dollars could be added to our

national wealth. The corn forage which

annually goes to waste in this country is

often referred to as the “Billion Dollar

fi'aste.” Is it any wonder we are com-

plaining of the high cost of living?



In the past 11 years the. great stock

industry of the United States in com-

parison with our population, has been

showing a. decline. This conditiOn has

been largely brought about by the rise

of price in all kinds of stock foods. there-

by making a smaller profit to the produc-

er. This in turn has driven many men

out of the stock business and discour-

aged others from going in. \Vith the silo

the cost of producing stock and stock

products can be greatly lowered. Experi—

ments have .shown that by the use of the

silo in place of the old feeding methods.

butler can be produced from nine to ten

cents per pound cheaper and a. saving

made on the production of beef from $1.50

to $2.00 per" hundred pounds. As a large

part of our food comes from live stock

it is plain to see the relation of the silo

to our national food supply.



Silage can be made from nearly all

kinds of farm forage and is a good and

cheap ration for horses, cattle, sheep,

swine and chickens. It requires little

storage space. is a labor-saving device,

doubles the value of the corn crop, trip—

ples the stock-carrying capacity of the

land, restores the fertility of the soil.

and returns its user annually one hundred

per cent on the investment.



Nebraska. A. L. HAECKER.





‘





INCREASING USEFULNESS OF SILO..





 





Illinois stockmen are finding the silo of

great benefit in feeding sheep. as well as

cattle and hogs. A large sheep and lamb

feeder says silage is a great and cheap

winter feed for sheep, and he finds it

especially good for lambs, the youngsters

taking hold of it wonderfully well.





 





I would -





Don’t. mix.





\
, I .

Fun: 8, 1913.





 





Tell, You How

To Get Into The

Champion

Hatching





our name for my

d’s Championship

Hatching Facts. I will tell

you about the Six World’s

-Championships won by my

, famous Belle City Incubator

—will tell you about the folks who won the

prizes, how they did it and how you can get

championship hatches right from the start. My





Six-Time World’s Champion





Belle City





has defeated all other incubators, many costing tyw;

to five times more than my price. Used by U. 8.

Government after: careful Investigation. I want

to tell ou about the features I have embodied' in the

Belle ity which made them the Championship

Hatchers of the World. I want to tell you about

my famous Double-Walled Hot Water Top-Heat

Brood-rs guaranteed to raise the chicks. I’ ll tell

you all about my manufacturing, selling and shi fling

plan that makes my remarkably low price possi





Get My Lowest Price





Just say, “Send World’ 9 Championship Hatching

Facts. " I’ ll qu nte you myiowest price, freight pre-

aid—tcli you how you can have 1. 2. or 3 months

om. tent at my risk—bow I protect you by my er-

sonal 10 year guarantee. I’ll send you my port olio

of all these hatching facts—free, if you write me a

postal. Address Jim Rohan. Pr res





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





Belle City Incubator (10.. Box 14 Racine Wis.





1913-The $'Coinin9





 





 





Year in Poultry

O'l‘ for a long time has the opportunity been

so great. Good prices are assured because

of last spring‘s poultry and egg shortage.

Farmer’s 1912 bumper crops insure lower cost of

feed. The market is ready—waiting-and at top

prices.



The men and women poultry raisers who go in

to win this year, will win—with the right knowls

edge and equipment. If you want the very latest

practical facts, experiments and methods-if you

want to know the surest, easiest road to increased

poultry profits—write us today for our big and

profusely illustrated





FREE BOOK, “Profitable

Poultry and Egg Production”





[is is a reliable guide—right down to the minute.

You’ ll want to ran this list of chapters Che. ter 1—

Whnt is possible in Poultry Meat Production. hapter

II—W hat Can be Done in Way of Production.

Chapter III—Deep-Litter Feeding Exper ments of 1912.

Chapter IV—Quick Maturit in General- Purpose Fowis

Chapter V—A es and We ghts of Chickens for Table

Use. Cha ter 1— How to establish Prolific Egg-Yield

Flocks. U apter VII—Todayy 3 Best Chance in the Poul-

try Business Chapter VII -—Smali Scale Poultry Keep-

in one. Practical Basis. Write for your copy now—





to ay.

INCU BATO RS





CYPHER and Brooders





are the rights uipment for earnest poultry raisers.

For years the orld‘s Standard poultry equipment.

Non- moisture gerfect ventilating, self-regulating, flre-

proof insurab Success of Cyphers owners is further





assured by our “Free Bulletin and Personal Letter

Service"—of daily benefit to our customers. You d'on’t

You cannot go wrong





0 wrong if you buy a. Cyphers.

ff (you follow our helpful advice.

But send for the Big Free

1913 Book—244 large pages *



pci tur es—a poultry ..

library in itself. Address ‘..

today.





Cyphers

Incubator Cos: .

Dept. 35 Buffalo, N.Y. .





NowYork City. Boston. Mass. 1"

Chicago, Ill. Kansas City, MILI

nakund,6a1.iondon,£n¢.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Firs Pmofcdflnsurabls. : ‘7





 





 





   

 





Incubator

Filioil tank once‘ with one

3.11:3: of oil, then light lamp-—ths

RAY with automatic regulator.

Vincomplge the hatch. Cheap easy.





Saves big oil-money





Lamp undemesthn-periect radiation-



oven temperature. Tum eggs without re-

moving tray Clean lamp without rcmov.

in: tank or chimney. See can and

thermometer through lies: top Regulator

adjusts exactly Double heating system

loves heat. Automatic ventilation. Roomy

nursery. Bighstchcs certain—fine. strong

chicks. Low direct price freight pro-

psid. Alkfor Free Catalogue No.10.





Bayo Incubator Co.

Omaha. Neb.





   





946 South 131k Street





380 Per Month Effléghlfiflfiftllafiif‘mni





i We me an business

£2333 pixi‘liiivoimtm °" “1221: at St 1.0.1.,1‘1‘3:





 





ing the- hive.





 





THE MICHIG





 





KEEPING A RECORD OF BEES.





 





There are several ways of doing this,

all of which have their merits and de-

merits. As it is really more a matter of

individual preference than anything else,

I will merely give a few methods without

attempting to‘ say which I think the

best to use.



One, very largely used, is the book

method, which necessitates the number-

ing of the hives. A small book is then

prepared, allowing a page or part of a

page, as the case may be, for each coi-

ony. Referring to the accompanying il-

lustration, the manner of keeping the

record Should be plain. Take No. 49, for

inStance. The number 45 in parenthesis,

with the date 1910 in smaller figures 0v-

erhead, signifies that the queen in No.

49 was bred from No. 45 in the year 1910.





AN 'IFARMER





 

 





11—155





 





 





c





 





gIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIII|I|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Poultry and Bccs.





g—|IIIIIII|lIII|IIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIII|I|IIIIIIII|IIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|||IIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|||II|III|IIIIIIIII|I|I IIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIF.





 





pencil will not erase so easily and can be

read by turning the slate to the light.

The other method of using the slate is

that of designating the condition of the

colony by the position of the slate 011 the

hive. By the Use of this method one

can tell the condition of the colony at a

glance clear from the farther corner of

the yard. Here is a sample code for tell—

ing the inside conditions, which can be

varied at will to suit the time of year

and various methods of work: Obliquing

slate to right, queenless but have good

cell; obliquing to left, queenless, ready

for a cell; placing horizontally, hopeless-

ly queenless, laying workers. or some-

thing else radically wrong; placing slate

vertically, good queen, everything 0. K.

Strong colonies may be designated by

placing slate :11 the top of the hivc, me—

dium colonies about midway between the

top and bottom, and





 





\ )1}





weak ones at the bot-

tom of the hive. In

the same manner to

indicate colonies that





II





 





need feeding right





 





I I I





4, 7 F 7





 





 





 





 





away put the slate to

the left; on those that

' have enough to last a

little while but will need





 





 





1d





 





Diagram Showing how to Designate Condition of Colony

by Position of Slate on Hive.





On April 3 the colony was examined and

found to be of medium strength and pos-





sessed of plenty of storcs. On May I) it

had~ six frames of brood and stores

enough to run it through. The rest is





very plain.



In No. 50, A5 in parenthesis signifies

that this was a first swarm from No. 5

and the date 6-4 is the date they issued.

()no super was given the day they were

hived, and so on. Many other opera-

tions are recorded on some hives but

these are simply to show the general

method.



I know some people- who use pieces of

broken sections to keep their records on.

In fact, I have used them myself some

times. They are very handy; the record

can be written and then tho piece of sec—

tion thrown upon the Oilcloth or inner

cover of the hive. It is then the- first

thing you see when you open the hive.

and a glance will Show you just what

that hive is likely to be in need of. The

only difficulty with this method is that





there is no very satisfactory way of

keeping the record from year to year.

which is very important if you wish to





build up your bees.



The A. B, C. of Bee Culture gives two

different methods of using a slate for

keeping hive records. One of these is to





Ilumllll" """ ""-"-~



(A. 1/7 (9330‘)



% mufzoiw' fig 7’



4M6



d/za/M W KONKAFM



4/6 4W5M/A7/WL ’2 Ot/ch)‘

Joy/W‘f/W/M



I





 





44., so.“ jp/WK‘Q‘M

74.2% amiw/w

Y/é frv%W/m47‘?5%





 





 





MAS \ \\‘\\\“





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I





 





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/ A;





K

“x

\l





I





Sample Pages in Record Book such





use the slate much the some as I have

described the use of the pieces of section,

except that the slate is hung on the out-

er surface of the. hive. thus admitting of

examination of the record without open-

Slate pencils may be used

but the records are likely to be erased

by the rain. Records written with a lead





.,





‘fessionals and fanciers,





feeding before the sea-

son endS, put the slate

in the center. while on

those hives which have enough to last

them through put slate to the right.



Using this code. and glancing :11 No 1

in the above diagram you will immedi-

ately note that it is a strong colony but

needs fccding right away; also that it is

queenless and ready to accept :1 cell. No.

2 is also strong but has plenty of honey

and has already accepted a quecn cell.

No. 3, strong some honey. (moon 0. K.,

and so 011. No. 10 is blank, which indi-

cates that it is an empty hive ready for

a swarm.



As I said before. any of those methods

are good, and any one of thcm may be

used successfully; but Whether you usc.

one of these or some other, be sure thaiI

you have some way of knowing,r just1

what you are doing with your bccs if you

wish to be successful with them.



Mecosta Co. L. C. \VIIEELER.





GETTING AWAY FROM THE MON-





GRELS.

All ye professional chicken breeders,

please skip. This article is. intended sole—

ly for the busy formciuwor the farmer‘s





busy wife—of limitcil lime. and means

who, realizing that the scrub stock on

the farm are not paying their fecd bill,

hesitates to invest in thoroughbreds be-





 

 





. r" ""”m””ll’471" -" 1

W ’3 (4‘ 5‘) %/

/ W imp/WM?“





IWfl/W 30/ ,,

7/yMQM/{M fi/z‘





COFFEE THRESH ED HER





15 Long Years.





over fifteen years,” writes a,

hopeful little Ills. woman, “while

a. coffee drinker. I suffered from Spinal.

Irritation and Nervous trouble. I was

treated by good physicians, but did not

get much relief.



“I never suspected

be aggravating my

just as injurious, because it contains

caffeine, the some drug; found in coffee).

I was down-hearted and discouraged.

but prayed daily that I might find some-

thing to help me.



”Several years ago, while- at a friend’s

house, I drank a cup of Postum and

thought I had never taSted anything more

delicious.



“From'thut time 011 I used Postum in-

stead of coffee and soon began to im-

prove in health, so that now I can walk

half a dozen blocks or more with ease,

and do many other things that I never

thought, I would be able to do again in

this world.



“My appetite is good. I sleep well and

find life is worth living. indeed. A lady

of my acquaintance said she did not like

l’osium. it was so weak and tasteless.



“I explained to her the difference

when it is made- 1‘ighIH-boiled according

to directions. She was glad to know this

because coffee did not asrce with her.

Now her folks say they expect to use

Postum the 1-1-31 of their lives." Name

given upon rcqucst. Read the little

book, “'l‘he- Road to \Ycllville,” in pkgs.

“’I‘hci‘c's ;1 reason,"



i’osium now comes in concentrated,

powdm' form, called instant Postum.

ll. Is prepared by stirring a level tca~

spoonful in a cup of hot water, adding

sugor to tustc, and cnongh creom to bring

the color to golden brown.





“For

patient.





that

condition.





coffee might

(Tea is





 





instant l'oslom is convcniclit: there’s

no waste; and ll1c flavour is always uni-

form. Sold by grrwcrswfl to SO-cup tin

:10 (‘15.. 510 to IOO—cnp 1111 do cis.



A S-cnp trial tin mailed for groccr's

name and 2—ccni stamp for postage.

l’oslnm CO‘l‘E‘zll Co.. Ltd, Battle Creek,

Mich.





 





 





 





Now is the

Time to Get





1913 Book

About the

01d Trusty





Incubator





Every man. woman.

boy or girl who is inter-

ested in chicken raising

M. M. Johnson can have a copy of the 1913



Old Trusty Book free by writ-

ing a postal for it. It’s the best book ever .

written by the Johnsons—



“home made” and home

printed~full of real helpful

facts gleaned by the John-

sons from their own practi-

cal experience and the ex-

perience ofover 400 000 Old

Trusty customers.





There are over 400,000

Rood reasons for you to 5‘ ‘

read this book.

are the 400 .000 Old ‘

Trusty customers who we’ ve

started to biggest poultry raising success by

reading the Johnson books issued 1n years past.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





whoa

way/7D MMMfl/





”’2‘?me W%>’/5yg

ans/rm...)





““‘““““" ““





D. _.___A . _______._____ . _





 

 





\\“““T w





m“





‘3‘“ .m" ‘ ‘ "”





 





 





 





. i

//‘r—‘T—.~.\g,_ ‘_’.III

IN] /1 / ‘ “ "'

as ke pt by every Careful Apiarist.

cause of the big initial expense. But one





can hardly blame the farmer who raises

poultry “as a side line” for deciding,

after reading some of the advice of pro—

to hang on to

his run-down fiock. For instance. he

is told: “To make poultry pay you must

give them your undivided attention;





The Old Trusty is a triple cased ma—

MIL! blue—inner case of high grade K

inch powde1-dry clcar California Redwood— (not a.

knot in u111ile)——ti1cnncase oi highest grade asbes-

tos, fire proof insulation—and then the outer case,

covering legs and all of galvanized metal in hand

some mottled finish. lohnson s machine is equipped

with guaranteed not to leak cold rolled copper tank

and heater—direct acting regulator. i’rice still less

than 810 for 1913 freight prepaid east of Rockies and

allowed that far to points beyond. Write postal now.





JOHNSON, Incubator Man, Clay Center, Nebr.





 

 

   

   

 





i 1111.11 smuy 301..

Alike for





 





ransom





llordmd MOW

‘: Freight paid at“ 01

" Rockies. Hot water.





   

 

   





Wiscogsln Incubator 60--





Box 12





 





Please mention the i'licbim Emu when

writing to advertisers.





-

a“
. ‘ 160.on Poultry- 7 . . . _

"’ Book 4c by Put .





”'1 ‘ ihé‘KICK“

in {he Eggs





if you want big batches of husk chicks, the kind that live

and row. Infertile eggs and sm lhaiches of weak chicks are



the rue when the breeding stock is in poor condition, weak

and run-down.





{it}? Poultry Regulator .





will quickly correct this condition in your. dock because it acts directly. on the

digestive and reproductive organs, strengthening them, toning them up, inVigorating

them. 25c, 50c. $1; 25-“). Pail, $2.50; 100-“). Bags, 39.



After the chicks are hatched you should raise them all.





W White Diarrhea Remedy

256, 50c

controls bowel troubles. Use it for all broods as a preventive.





page Baby Chick Food





makes chicks grow at an astonishing rate, with bigibones, plenty of muscle and unbounded

strength and vigor. You can rely upon this scientific food mixture to carry through

the critical period all worth-while chicks, and give them that favorable start





if hf ii d d.

‘i‘iionbzxég alhtdflhiigx t2515c eh? “Your money back if it fails."

: Q

‘ c2; 09





   

 

 

 

 

 





 





\





 

 

 





“ i





\





 

 

   





Get Pratts Profl t-sharing Booklet

Our products are sold by dealers everywhere, or

PRATT FOOD COMPANY

Philadelphia



Chicago





 





Buys 165 Egg National lnoubatorAnd Broader





$9.00 Incubator and $4.00 Brooder for $10. FREIGHT PREPAID 365 fihick 31:83“:

Sirono, Hmmi, metal case, liluh, roomy nursery, Em 0* Rodd“ -

Automatic heal regulator, Reliable non-breakabls Iamu, Very sensitive lhsrmomsiar, , ‘

Hot water heating uyiiiiimi Cold-roiled copper waleriank, Willi! dead air specs. ;.

Double Glass Doors, Spacious cog climber, ilas made many 100% Mom: I



Brooder has safety lamp. ls roomy and easy to ciesn. .

Order direct from this advertisement. We guarantee satisfaction or you get all

your money back quick. Brand new Poultry Book free. Order Now.





NATlONAL INCUBATOR COMPANY, 1316 19th St, Racine, Wis





 





 

 





 





 

 





 





; Pure-Brod

‘ 55 BR , Chickensmuelts.

' ' Goose. Turkeys.‘





slso Incubators. Supplies. and Come

Dogs. Send to for large Poultry book

Incubator Catalog and Price List.



HJI. HINIKEI, “50. "We. Minn.





 

 





Save You $





9 Best Matcher Ever





. - , an m ., ,. I: wont

Hill SALE—Bull, Black and tho-flrpmgions. r .; . Out m A-W P“

Score 91 to 95 hens and Pullets, Cock and Cookerels _. Took me 19

reasonable. Swift Wiiiegar. it. 12. Grand liapids,MiGh. years to make the Triumph

. x perfect. Now Sit clan't be

r, 1,,“ E equalled. Let me proveit. e43 name

Egogaday Barred ROCkS, 35,: 123mm layé‘g ' for my great book. I’ll tell you about

$1 per 15. Egguday Poultry Ranch, Marshall, Mich. features that make successful poultry

raising easy for anyone. My price for the





RS. FLORENCE HOWARD Petersburg. Mich.

i“ A few choice Rmescimlbi'dwlhite Leiéhorns ]and

White Rocks for sale. p (‘ll( 1 a) are. rites ow. saves you .500. Walls made ofRedwoocé,

——Bi ‘ turd .fellows‘ hatched Basswood. airs ace, asbestos,2 layers 0

“m" 3“" ““"WS “.5; ma. la «8- Prices hp'iafi‘i."53}if”?Eli‘slio‘fllflfifi'

reasonable. Vi. C. Cofl'man. ii. 6. Benton _ arbor,Mich. meg!“ to save all the heat,doubleactlng

regulator—automatic ventilation. Best

()LUMBTA Wyandottes. W'innors at 0hicago,Grand thermometerptrongest

J Ra ids, South Bend and St Jose h. Stock and eggs. egg trays, roomy nurs-

BIOH RD SAWYER, Benton arbor. Michigan, cry, out, tester— all ,

complete, ready to run. . ‘

Mull postal now for





i I .

FOB SALE—Barred Piymouih Huck lioeirsrois, Efigfiafiffilfiififé’fii‘i , Sm

Thompson Ringlet Strain. They are finelarge birds. or brooder. Address.

all young stock best we ever raised. We offer Cock- R. F. "ElgBER-r





erols now for sale at reasonable prices. Box

Monk-to, "Ilium





fumed ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Mrs. EARL W. BARNARD, R No. 3. Saranac. Mich.





BARBED ROCK COOKERELS 3E ‘s’é" Eggdfg’stgtm;





hey last, A. A. PATTULLO. Dockerville. Mich.





 





AM MOTH Bronze Turkey toms a hens. Silver is 5

M Partridge Wyandotte cock'ls. Ind. Runner drakes.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Prices reasonable. E. H. a .i. A. Collar. Coopsrsville. Mich.

SAVES 'l'fll File! or NEW TOOLS





.. . - ~ Pays for itself in a short A .

illilSlM. Willi! lliiPilfiiilIS A few choice 0001‘. time. A lsbor and tins f ,

$13. after January 15th. Matinglih]: gorilla. millilfitss saver. Connects ‘0 68'0-





LIS HOUGH. Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak. Mich: 35,5532;- $3,133 “W,"





d last a life time. (high! In a

' an white Wyandottes, a fine lot of hundred ways for grin ing an 7

Sliver: acid.“ young stock. New circular January lst. general convening 0‘ mow“

Browning’s Wyandotte Farm, ii. 30, Portland. Mich. knives. ankles. sc then.

butcher knives and a1 tools.





' —Famous Winter Laying Strain. SHARPENS A PLOW .

Willi. W’allddles Eggs for hatching after March Pslns In 6 "lanes

let. a. few more cockerels. L. M. Olds. Ypsilanta. Mich. Fitted with a general purpose wheel,can be used wet or dry.

For sale by all dealers. Write us for descriptive circulsr.





 





 





 





 





mm Wyandoflcs—Noted for size, vigor and 9 pro- CRESILUIE MFG. co.. Deal. 2 ORESTLINE. OHIQ





duction. 1913 circular ran 3/ in





 

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH, Ann Arbor. Mich.





' —April and May hatched cockerels

"bill w andililas for sale. Send for 1912 circular.

DAVID Y. 202 Forest Ave.. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





 





llliRTRAPPER‘S F

AND GUIDE F'





 





 





 





 





‘ ' Barred Rocks, it. I. Reds, Mam

Prize wuinln moth Pckin and I. Runner ducks

Stock for sale. Eggs $1. $2. :1 or set. Utility $5 or 100

EMWOOD FARM. R. R. No. .Grand Rapids, ioh.





LILLlE FARI’lSTEAD POULTRY ‘





B. P. Rocks. B. I. Reds. and S. O. W. Le horn eggs

for sale. if) for 51:” for 31.50: 50 for 5250





 





. ou ge FREE, ordered on

our blanks. Write the Old Square Deal Fur House.

WEIL BROS.&CO.. Box A-24 Ft.W





 





 





COLON o. LILLIE. Coopersville. 'Mioh.





 





 





DOGS.





HilUllilS Fill! HUlilllFE F°§g§°§§g§§$k FEliiiElS





Sench stamp. W. . LECKY, Holmesville. Ohio





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





-. ‘ of the best English strains in Ameri-

. . on; 40 years flamenco in breeding

§ ‘ these fine hou s for my own sport.

.‘ I now ofler them for sale.





 





cow and small furs ma





into men’s and women's Fur Coats.

Robes, Mittens. Russ and Vests.

Deer skins tanned for Buckskin.





 





Account Boo sent free.





 





Blissfield. Michigan.





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





‘ Send stamp for Catalogue. .

i,- - i. I. uunmn. Sibley. Jackson 60.. In $10 000 B I

t . .

., FERRETS. 9 c

i fliis portable wood saw. Gusrsnteed 1 est—money

“ -—Pri ”a i.‘ refunded and freight paid both ways i unsatisfac-

6000 FRETS FOR SALE °° ‘3 "’9 tory. You can easily earn $10 a. day with a

Book on ferrets

, 5 cents. c. i. DIMICK. Doc-om. Ohio. TZLER & 200K

.4; Portable S

. zm mm Th3); amniolrlm andfiabbits. gawk Wood 3W]

.‘ . ine urn an ar e. ices an boo i all kind I ‘ bors' nin-

- , mailed free. N. A. 1: NA PP.“ Rochester. Ohio. £3: ngtrlctly rfioiorgmgiim—me





 





. jobber's profits. Operates easily.

Stick Hits low—saw draws it on im-





 





. ~ , When writing to adver- flirlihlaflizslftmml...

‘ ’ . sdded. Write forcatalogue.

itserslplease mention the . , manage...

.Michig'sn Farmer. i _ ‘ "" ”- ”mar"





YOUR HIDE





will be tanned right if sent to The

Blissfleld Robe iii Tanning 00. Horse.



6 soft and

pliable. Wind and Waterproof. We

manufacture them the right way





Our Catalo ue and Souvenir





The Blissfield Robe & Tanning Company,





 

   

   

   

 

   





. 156—12 ‘ ,. ‘ 'THE-MICHIGAN F’A-RM'ER'





'eternal vigilance is the watchword;

all chickens” should be line bred.”

He learns the advantages of cock-

ei‘el matings as against pullet matings,

and vice versa. But, best of all, he

learns that to produce an egg-laying

strain he must invest.in an egg-laying

strain and, having invested, he must feed

certain foods in certain quantities to

.compel the egg-laying hen to lay her eggs.





Foods that are good for pullets are not.





good for cockerels. and the reverse;

hence, pullets and cockerels must be sep—

arated when young to secure boat re-

sults. Then there are the trap-nests, leg

bands and record books to consider.



Much more he might learn but he- gives

up in despair. He hasn’t the time for

these things, “nor the woman, neither, by

gum.” Scrub stock will have to do.



Against her inclination, the writer kept

mongrel hens until last year. She had

a vague idea of what a Barred Rock

rooster should look 1ike~red comb five-

pointed, stout yellow legs, yellow beak

and fine symmetrical bars. Riding

through the country one day she came

across a flock of fowls which pretty near-

ly coincided with her idea of good ones.



The first week in May She purchased

from the owner of that flock at a ridi-

culously low price—50 cents per 15, to be

exact—three sittings of eggs, from which

were hatched one dozen pullets and 25

cockerels. All of them lived and, thanks

to liberal doses of insect powder applied

to hens, were thrifty.



The flock was given to two hens and

all Occupied a movable wire-covered en—

closure which was moved» twice a week

to fresh pasture. The first few weeks the

chicks were fed moistened corn meal and

table scraps four times a day. After-

ward they got wheat and table scraps,

and as they became much older oats was





' mixed"with the wheat. With the excep-





tion of the corn meal fed them the first





, few weeks they never tasted corn until





the last of October. Reason: We- had





_no corn to feed.





‘Coekerels and pullets were fed togeth-

er, receiving the same food. l forgot to

mention that from the first they had a

dish of skim-milk every day. also fresh

water. To the skim-milk is given credit

for their remarkable growth.



At Thanksgiving time, when they were

six months old, the cockerels weighed

eight pounds and two of the 12 pullets

were laying eggs. So much for your bal-

anced ration.



Five of the cockereis were sold for one

dollar each; two were traded for two

cocke'rels—good ones—which the writer

intends to use for breeders this spring.

and the rest brought 80 cents each at

the market. Figure up and see if results

were not satisfactory from an original

investment of $1.50 and a little time.



Do not give up—you who would like to

try a hand at raising profitable poultry.

If you can not afford to send away for

a pen of high-priced prize winners, do as

yours truly is doing—start low and

build up.





Ionia Co. F. B. VINCENT.





 





USING THE EGG TESTER.





 





One of the most important factors in

getting good hatches, I find, is the thor-

ough testing out of infertile eggs. Excel-

lent egg testers, with instructions for

uSe, are furnished with most incubators.

Those testers can be placed on no ordi-

nary lamp and the eggs, tested ii't night

when the room is dark. I consider the

sixth day the best time for the first test.

A good strong germ has the appearance

of a spider in. the egg. A blood circle

adhering to the shell denotes a dead

germ; a perfectly clear, as well as a

cloudy. gg is infertile and should be re-

moved. These discgirded eggs can be-

saved for cooking purposes. I boil them

and feed them to the young chicks. I

have found it a good plan to re-test the





eggs on the fourteenth day, although





some do not think this really necessary.

New York, A. E. VANDJDByORT.

POULTRY WEEK AT M. A. c..

Next week has been designated “Poul-

try Week” at the Agricultural College,

the Department of Poultry Husbandry

having planned a week of instruction in—

tended to meet the needs and desires of

busy individuals who can devote only a

few days to a c0urse‘ of that kind. Com-

plete morning, afternoon and evening pro—

grams have been arranged for each day

and include a course of lectures by Prof.

W. R. Graham, of Ontario Agricultural





 





'C’ollege, one of the most careful poultry





investigators in America. The value of

the course will be enhanced by“ the pres-





 





 





ence of a fine collection of poultry, the





0





FEB; 23, 1913.





department holding its fifth annual poul-



try show in the college pavilion during



the week. '

._________





GOOD RESULTS FROM AN UNUSUAL

- FORM OF OPEN-FRONT HOUSE.



I have been trying the open-front style

of henliouse for the past two winters and

like it very much. This henhouse is 10x

24 with the long dimension north and

south. The opening is at south \end, is

2x10 ft., and is covered with a. muslin cur-

tain’, stretched on a frame, only when

snow or rain is in danger of blowing into

the henhouse. The house, being long and

narrOW, no wind reaches the perches sit-

uated in the north end. The floor space

is covered with litter, where the hens

spend most of their time contentedly

working in a healthful, light, outdoor at-

mosphere.



A box, 4x10 feet, and a foot- high, is

fastened to the west wall about 3 ft.

from the floor. This is kept supplied with

cleaner litter than that on the floor, and

cut clover is added to it, which the hens

eat with relish. This box creates more

floor space and gives the'hens additional

exercise in'jumping up and down. I get

eggs every day through the winter. I

had the very best success with eggs for

hatching last spring when so many were

complaining of poor luck. I never have

roup or frozen combs to contend with,

and my fowls seem much hardier than

when wintered in warm coops.



Vi'hen the cold weather sets in and the

ground is covered with snow the hen-'

house door is kept closed for weeks,

sometimes, unless there should be very

pleasant weather, and the hens do not

seem to mind the confinement because

they are practically living out of doors

all the time.



Barry Co.





 





Mas. FAFRMER.





A fuller description of this henhouse

would be interesting, inasmuch as it is

built contrary to the rules generally laid

dowri for the open—front poultry build-

ing. Few advocates of the open-front

house advise a depth of more than 16 ft.

from front to back; some use even less,

the problem apparently being to admit

strong light, preferably direct sunlight, to

as much of the floor surface as possible

during the day and yet not have the

l‘OOStS too close to the opening. For a.

time a curtain directly in front of the

perches was thought necessary but this

has now been largely discarded even in

climates as severe as that of Maine. In

the house described above the depth from

front to back is 24 ft. which, as the- writ-

er says, affords protection to the roosts;

however, it would seem a. little difficult

to get an adequate amount of sunlight

into this building unless there is consid—

erable .window space in the south end.

Then, too, it would seem that, with the

perches nearly 24 ft. from the opening,

it would be possible to make the opening

more than 2 ft. in width, although this

would not be necessary if other_ provision

for admitting light has been made. The

style of roof and number and location of

windows are therefore essential to a thor-

ough understanding of this building. The

idea of increasing the floor space by

building a large scratching box 3 ft. from

the floor is a new one which should be

worth something to poultrymen who de-

sire to utilize space to the best advan-

(age—Eds.





EXPERIENCE WITH GEESE.





 





 





 





A small flock of geese may be raised

each year on almost any farm at very

small expense and without special prep-

arations. They do not, as a rule, inter-

fere with the raising of other poultry.

Of course, if one wishes to make a spe—

cialty of geese, special plans should be

made; however, few people in this part

of the country keep geese for other than

utility purposes.



Geese are easier to raise and can en-

(lure more cold than any other domestic

fowl. It is the matured fowls, however.

that are hardy, and it is a mistake to

imagine that they need no shelter in

winter. They do. If none is provided.

they will sit anywhere, even out in the

snow. But they don’t enjoy it. .Dui‘ing

zero weather their feet suffer, as one

can easily tell from the way they hob-

ble along, stopping every few steps and

drawing their feet up among their

feathers for warmth.



The Toulouse and Embden breeds are

both very large. The Embdexii is pure,

white while the Toulouse is usually call-

ed gray, although they have feathers of ’

several colors, some being dark brown. 2

some gray and Others white. The Tom ’
- runwv‘u r,





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





' FEB. 8, 1913.

=33

louse are more extensively raised in- this

section than any other variety, probably



,because they make less noise than other

geese and are easier to raise than the

Embden. The feathers of the latter, being

white, bring the highest market price.

The China, or Chinese, are perhaps the

most beautiful of all geese, but both the

Brown and the White China are small.

They are excellent layers and their feath-

ers are fine. '



We keep the Toulouse.

we hatched 96 and raised 82. Not a gos-

ling died of disease. Hawks took several

while small and a number were killed,

after they were half grown, by turtles.

They are inclined to wander far away

from home and, if given free range, they

will sometimes go. so far that they nev-

er' return.



They are easily controlled, as they can-

not fly over a fence that will turn cattle

or sheep, but they will creep through if

pOSSible. Old geese can fly. but they

seldom do. Goslings have no wings until

nearly half grown. That is, they have

no wing feathers. Therefore it does not

take a high fence to turn them. They

cannot get over an 18-inch fence. Poul-

try netting can be used for fencing.

Yards must not be too small and gos-

lings will not thrive when kept in small

yards. There should be a house (not

an ordinary coop) in each yard. Coops,

such as are used for chickens, are not at

all suitable for goslings. In fact, a small

coop is not the proper thing for chickens





Last season





or any other young poultry, for that

matter. But to those who anticipate

raising goslings let me say: Build the





houses so they can be easily cleaned and

thoroughly ventilated. They need not,

necessarily, be very expensive, but they

should be well built. Our gosling houses

are 4 ft. high in front and only 2 ft. high

'at the back. They have good roofs and

’floors. Goslings sit on the floor at night

and this must be kept dry. Cheap lum-

ber can be used. “'e had our gosling

houses built large enough for from 15 to

40 goslings, according to size. These

houses are rat proof. They are enclosed

on one side with fine—mesh poultry net-

ting, and have ‘curtains to be let down

to protect the goslings from cold or rain.

‘ Winter Care of Breeders.





 





It may not be amiss to give our method

of feeding and caring for the old geese:

during the winter. 'They are never kept

in a house with other poultry, because;

they are very abusive to other fowls.’

Besides. their food differs somewhat from,

that required by chickens. _ V



Geese should not be confined to one'

kind of feed. \Ve feed some. whole corn.

but they need ground food. such as bran

or some oat chop mixed with either

cut clover or vegetables. Some people

use silage with good results but We have

never tried it. If they will eat it when

grass is not to be had, those who have

silos ought to be well equipped for feed—

ing geese. The fowls require some kind

of roughage in winter to take the place

of grass. “'hen they have plenty of

grass they require very little grain, un-





 





less being fattened for market. In feed—

ing stock geese we give all they will cat

(which is not much) morning. noon and

night. When the weather is very cold

they sometimes refuse to eat anything in

the morning until they get a warm drink.

“'e often fill a shallow trough with wat-

er heated to about 109 degrees and then

scatter whole corn in the trough. They

enjoy taking the corn out of the water.

This may sound like “pampering,” but it

is not. It is not necessary to provide

warm water for poultry except in very

cold weather, and at such time it is not

pampering; it is common sense. \Vhen

a mash is used, no corn is put into wat-

er. Clover or alfalfa should always be

cut in short lengths and scalded, then

steamed and mixed with bran, corn meal

or chop.



‘Ve usually feed vegetables, such as

cabbage, beets, turnips, etc., chopped raw

and mixed with bran or corn meal. A

little salt is added once or twice a week.

A little powdered charcoal is also added

several times a week. Geese eat great

quantities of grit when they have free

range. They seem to prefer coal cinders

9r broken sandstone to oyster shell, but

if no other grit is convenient they will

eat the crushed oyster shell.



Geese usually begin laying very early

in the season if they are properly cared

for in winter. Besides keeping our geese

in a comfortable house, with plenty of

clean~ straw on the floor for bedding, we

scatter some straw over the yard be-

fore they are turned out for exercise on





‘cold days. Geese do not require animal

food. ‘ .. ‘

Ohio. ANNA W. GALLIGHER.





     





 





THE MICHIGAN FARME'R





l have built cars for 26

years—460,000 of them.





But of all I have learned,

nothing else com pares with

these ways for cutting up-

keep—shown in co the

Fifth.





The Final Cost





The buyer sees just the car’s first

price. But the vital thing is the

after cost.





That may be little or it may be

much. It depends on the builder

largely. And the difference to you,

in the course of five years, may be

$1,000.





How I Reduce It





One big item is tires.



In Reo the Fifth I cut this cost by

using tires 34x4; They cost $60 per

set more than tires often used on a

car of this weight. But they save

many times that in tire bills.



I use in this car 15 roller bearings

—11 Timken, 4 Hyatt. They cost

five times as much as common ball

bearings. But they do not break.



I use 190 drop forgings, at twice

the cost of-steel castings. But drop

forgings don’t have flaws.





Wheel Base-



1 1 2 lnche!

Tires-



34 x 4 lnchec

Center Control

15 Roller



Bearing;

Demountablo





Thrlee electric

lg t:



190 Drop

Forgings

adc wi

5 and 2

Passenger



odics





 





 





By R. E. Olds, Designer

Margin of Safety





Axles and driving parts should

Show very large over-capacity. I

build them all to stand the tests for

a 45 h. p. car. That leaves enor-

mous margin.



I have all steel made to. formula.

Then I analyze each lot twice.



For testing my gears I use a

crushing machine of 50 tons’ capac-

ity.



I use 7—lcaf springs, two inches

wide. And I test them for 100,000

vibrations.



Each engine is tested for 48 hours

—20 hours on blocks, 28 hours in

the chassis. I employ unusual tests.



Each car in the making gets over

1,000 separate tests and inspections.





   





_C_1_1_t Down Upkeep





 





Costly Items





I use a $75 magneto to save igni-

tion troubles. I doubly heat my car-





buretor, for low-grade gasoline. I

use a centrifugal pump, not. a

syphon. That adds about $10.





I use 14-inch brake drums.



I give each body 17 coats, so the

finish will endure. I use the best

genuine leather in upholstermg.

Also the best curled hair.



I am ‘using flush electric dash

lights in place of the old-style

lamps.



All these things are costly. Yet I

supply them, through factory econ-

omy, in a wonderfully low—priced

car.



A car without them is likely to

cost five times as much for upkeep.

There may be costly repairs, and

frequent.



I never would buy a lesser car.

Therefore, I never shall build one.





Our $100 Control





Here is one feature worth $100

which costs not an extra penny.





It’s the Rco center control. All

the gear shifting is done by moving

one little handle only three inches

in each of four directions. It is as

simple as moving the spark lever.





The driver sits on the left hand

side, as in the latest high-priced





 

 





cars. And this control lever is at

his right hand.



Both brakes are operated by foot

pedals. There are no brake levers,

so both front doors are clear.



A car in those days should have

these modern features.





 





Sold by 1,000 dealers. Write for

our 1913 catalog and we’ll tell you

the nearest show-room.





R. M. Owen & Co., General Sales Agents for Reo Motor Car Co., Lansing, Mich.

Canadian Factory, St. Catharines, Ont.





Rea the Fifth





The 1913 Series





TOP and windshield not included in price. We equip this car with mohair top. side curtains and slip cover.

windshield, an tank for headlights. speedometer. self-starter. extra rim and brackets—all for $100 extra (list price $1 70).





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





P5335393 ',





 





FULL EQUIPMENT

Gray & Dom Electric Starting and Electric lighting.



Magneto.

Licensed under Dy ct patents 657, 650—885. 986 and 921,963





‘ ‘Pratt





materia





 

 

 





Pratt 30 1





ll-in. Upholstery.





 

 

 





 





   





l 9 1 3 Pratt Cars





Five Years—Every one successful as manufac~

tun-ere of automobiles.





Forty Years—Every one successful as manufac-

turers of standard we hicles.





Get Catalogue





‘ We have n bnslness proposition for you.





showing photographic view of all

models, and gixing you the stand-

ards by “inch to vilue any Cir.

Our goal ior 1913 is a





Car" in every locality lithcre isn ‘t one in unit neigh-





borhood—ii there isn t 21 Pratt dc iler no; tr 3- u it will be to your





Iadvantage to write or wire and let us know.





Three Distinct Models—Pratt 50, 122- inch n heel base, elec-



tric starter and electric lighting system.

Pratt 40, 12:0 in. wheel base, PrestoO Starter and electric lighting

sy stem. Price 31,





Price 33 150.0





850 .00

14-in.whce1 base. Prest- 0- Starter and electric lighting





system. Price $1, 460. 00.





ELKHART CARRIAGE 8: HARNESS MFG. CO.

ELKHART





INDIANA





 





0

Wins

. err-ick, Iocc‘kneylljex”

Contest in 1912.





 

 

 

 





”EaT'm-m





 





 





lut lieu-o.





In 19]]

And [9/2





With her 140a

She pistee

r. these famous winners.





if ordered together for Manly nod 00' wifreight prepaid east of the Rockies.



' undo of Californiak Redwood and

wulll. copper ml: and



‘- complete. not up





hood 5 you". 80 day-

k olfflnot satisfied. 01- write for freey och] 0‘. _





D INCUBATO' 00





National





148 e

Ironcla diglfilao won in 1911 contes





uniud



boll-r. ”Exam!!! Buggy“? «thermometer O. K.

urge. roomy. wellm



Ind“I construction rwith other make.



erdiroct from title ad ., hundreds d



theofimhlllhcn this paper about no.



ox 65 RACIN





g Ironc ad Incubator wins in t e Mo. Valley Farmer an ‘ e .

in the incubator and hatched 148 strong chicks. Thiiik of that] You. can now get





Incubator” 18

.hot watnr typo. trip! a





w re scratch-

“ you do you'll surely order

0. money





Incubator Contest

Both For





:Inatc





we 0 '30





 





WIS.
< .1. *u- -





...”.t.





my ' ”in?!





158-114 -‘





" *f‘The’ ‘ Michigan Farmer





Established 1843.

The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit. Michigan.

‘ELEPHONE MAIN 4525.

New YORK OFFICE—41 Park Row.

CHICAGO OFFICE—600 First Nut'l. Bank Bulldin .

CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave., N. .





 





 





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE ............................ President



M. L. LAWRENCE ..................... Vice-President.



E. H. HOUGHTON .......................... See-Tress.



I. R. WATERBURY.........



0. E. Y()UNG.... .... Associate



BURT WERMUTH .......................... Editors.



ALTA LAWSON LITTELL ................



E. H. HOUGHTON .................. Business Manager

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:



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Canadian subscriptions 500 a year extra for postage.

Always send money by draft. postofflce money order,

registered letter or by express. We will not be re-

sponsible for money sent in letters. Address all com-

munications to, and make all drafts checks and post

office orders payable to. the Lawrence Publishing Co.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:





40 cents per line agate measurement. or $5.60 per

inch. each insertion. No adv't inserted for less than

$1.20 or insertion. .



(L? 0 lottery, quack doctor or swindling advertise-

ments inserted at any price.



Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Mich-

igan, postofiice. '





COPYRIGHT I9I3

by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

this issue without our written permission.





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop ~THE MICHIGAN

FARMER immediatly upon expiration of time subs

scribed for. and we Will pay all expenses for defending

any suit. brought against any subscriber t The Mich-

i an Farmer by the publisher of any arm paper.

wghich has been sent after the time ordered has expired.

providing due notice is sent to us, before suit is started.



Avoid urther trouble by refusing to subscribe for

any farm paper which does not print. in each issue. a

definite guarantee to stop on expiration of subscri -

tion. The Lawrence Publishing 00.. Detroit. Mic .





DETROIT, FEB. 8, 1913.





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In the magazine section





The Filipinos. of this issue appears the





second article on “The

Country and the People of the Philip-

pines.” The article previously published

dealt principally with the country while

this one is descriptive of the people and

their characteristics.



This series of articles was secured for

publication in the magazine section of the

Michigan Farmer at this time because of

the fact that lenders of the dominant

party in national affairs have frequently

advocated a different policy with regard

to the Philippines than that pursued in

the past by the national government.

That serious consideration will be given

to this proposition by the coming admin-

istration seems to be assured by the an-





nouncement that President-elect Wilson





will visit the Philippines for the purpose

of getting first-hand information with re-

gard to the country and its people.



It was with a view of furnishing the

most reliable information possible upon

this subject that these articles were se-

cured for publication in the Michigan

Farmer. They are written by a man

formerly connected with the Department

of Agriculture who spent many years in

the Philippines and had an unusual op-

portunity to become intimately acquainted

with both the country and its people.

We bespeak for this article a careful

reading by every member of the Michigan

Farmer family who would increase his

knowledge with regard to this important

insular possession of the United States.





Some statistics recently

Our Live Stock made public by the crop

Industry. reporting board of the

Bureau of Statistics of

the United States Department of Agricul-

ture are interesting in their relation to

the future of the live stodlc industry of

the country: The estimated live stock

population of the country, with the single

exception of horses and mules, has de-

creased in all departments as compared

with last year, while the number of ani—

mals on the farms on January 1 of last

year was less by a conSiderable percent—

age than the number reported in 1911.





In milch cows, for instance. the de-

crease in the number during the past cal-

endar year amounts to 202,000, or one per

cent. Other cattle have decreased 1,230,-

000, or 3.3 per cent; sheep have decreased

880,000, or 1.7 per cent, and swine haVe

decreased 4,232,000, or 6.5 per cent. As

above noted, horses and mules have made

a small numerical increase amounting to

0.3 per cent in the former and 0.6 per

cent in the latter.



In the total value of all live stock there

he's been an increase in every department





due to an advance in price on account of

i‘the scarcity as compared with the de-





mhpd. With this falling 011' in the live





\





15H E3 MI (2 H IG-A‘N ‘ F A-R M BR





stock of the country, notwithstanding the

constant growth of the population, the

future would seem to promise well for

live stock production along any of the

lines in which it is now carried on on

Michigan farms.





In the .Farmers’ Club

Community 00- Department of this is-

opeatlon. sue will be found the

report of an organiza-

tion by the enterprising farmers of Che-

boygan county to promote the betterment

of the agriculture of that section, par-

ticularly along co-opcratlve lines. As

stated in the report the first aim of the

organization will be to promote the grow-

ing of better crops, fruit and live stock

on the farms of the members and in the

community generally, to promote .more

profitable marketing of the products of

the farms and to co-opei‘ate with all oth-

er farmers‘ organizations as opportunity

presents.



Undoubtedly there is opportunity for

good work ahead of this organization and

room for many more, like it in the state.

Experience has proven that community

production offers the best basis for suc-

cessful co-operation among farmers at

the present time, hence excellent results

may be expected from community co-

operation of this kind,





In a recent letter a

How Improve the subscriber states that,

Dog Law? like hundreds of other

farmers in the state,

he has been driven out of the sheep bus-

iness by the dog nuisance. Like many

others who have had experience with it

he declares the present law to be inade-

quate, and asks that we take the subject

up in the Michigan Farmer with a View

to, securing the passage of a law by the

present legislature which will afford the

sheep owner some protection. I’nfortu-

nately he advances no specific suggeS-

tions in this connection. This is one of

the vexed questions of legislatiOn which

it is difficult to settle to the satisfaction

of all interests and which, as a conse-

quence, is generally made the subject of

compromise when legislation is attempt-

ed. It is, however, an important problem

in many sections. and a general discus-

Sion of the proposition might be produc—

tive of good suggestions. “'hut sugges-

tions have the sheep breeders of the

state to make?





An organized cam—

Schooi Children May paign is being con—

Protect Birds. ducted by public

spirited citizens. of

the countryrto secure a. national law

which will afford more adequate protec-

tion to our useful birds, particularly the

migratory species. Prominent among

Michigan men who have interested them-

selves in this matter is Mr. Henry Ford,

of Detroit, through whose good offices our

attenti‘On has been directed to the fol-

lowing joint appeal recently made to the

school children of America by John Bur-

roughs and Ernest Thompson Seton, the

world’s most widely known naturalists:



“An urgent appeal we make to you in

behalf of our native birds, many species

of which are In danger of extermination.

To you is now given the opportunity to

render substantial help toward their

preservation. A measure is now before

Congress. the purpose of which is to place

all migratory birds under the protection

of the federal government. Such a law

is greatly needed. If it is not passed our

birds will continue to decrease—~to the

great and everlasting disadvantage and

shame of the American people. The

destruction of bird life is costing Ameri-

can farmers millions of dollars annually

through the constantly increasing devas-

tations of harmful insects upon which the

birds feed. But a greater loss their

slaughter is bringing to all who love

God‘s great out-of—doors.



“The measure now before Congress is

non-partisan and non—political. It should

have the hearty endorsement of all

patriotic and nature-loving Americans.

But it is in danger of being lost in the

great mass of less important legislation

now pending in Congress.



“We, therefore, appeal to the school

children of America to help in this vitally

important matter. We ask you to get

your parents, teachers and friends to

write or telegraph to the congressman‘of

your district and the two senators of

your state, now in \Vashington, urging

immediate action upon the pending bird

protection bill—that they may understand

how deep is the interest in it and how

great is the need for it. If you will to-

day get two or three such messages writ-

ten and sent (they need not be long mes-

sages—a simple signed request will do),

you will have the satisfaction of knowing

that you haVe rendered substantial help

in this great and good cause. Why not

make this your task for today—and tomor-

row? Your teacher or your newspaper

will glveyou the names of your senators

and congressman. The messages should

be sent at once.



“And this appeal is big enough and im-

portant enough to extend to all the

grown-up children who are out in the

greater school ‘of- life—men and women

who would help conserVe one of the





countr"s most 'valuable and interesting

resources. To such we appeal for im-

mediate co-operatlon. A message—40

Washington—sent today—from you—will

help to save our birds-from destruction.

Surely, you’ll send it!”





There is a most encouraging prospect

that a national law for the more adequate

protection of our useful birds will be

enacted by Congress at the present ses-

sion. Certainly this desirable result will

follow if a concerted interest is manifest-

ed by the people of the country, and the

school children of America, who are natu-

rally bird lovers, can wield a great in-

fluence in this direction. May the atten-

tion of the children of every farm family

in Michigan be directed to the above ap-

peal!



Every farmer in the state should also

be interested in this proposition for eco-

nomic reasons as well as from the stand-

point of sentiment. A great many of

them are actively interested, as will ap-

pear from» the letter from one of them

which appears in another column in this

issue. Now is the opportune time for the

general exhibition of such interest in re-

lation to both national and state legis-

Iation.





Certain publications in

“Where the Shoe the agricultural field

Finches.” have taken occasion to

criticise the reduction

in the subscription price of the Michigan

Farmer from $1 to 50 cents a year as an

“unprofessional" act and have intimated

that a lowering of the quality of reading

matter and of advertising patronage would

be the result. In addition the direct

charge has been made that such a move

shifts practically the entire cost of the

publication upon the advertisers, thus

placing them in a position to dictate to

'a, greater degree the editorial policy of.

the publication. In View of these criti-

cisms we deem it proper to analyze the

situation and determine if possible “where

the shoe pinches.”



As stated in the announcement of a 50

per cent reduction in subscription price,

the publishers of the Michigan Farmer

decided to give the subscribers the bene-

fit of this reduction instead of continu-

ing to devote large sums to the securing

of subScribers through the questionable

influence of premium offers, salaried so-

licitors, 910., thus affording our subscrib-

ers a cash saving of over $40,000 a yearg

and at the same time insuring our adver-

tisers an increased list of satisfied farmer

readers. In this connection we reaffirm,

without fear of successful contradiction

from competing publishers who maintains.

subscription price of $1 per year, and who

pay large commissions, offer free premi-

ums,. with their attendant expense, or

hire professional solicitors, that such

methods of securing subScribers ordinar-

ily involve the expenditure of the entire

Subscription price, and often more, in

order to maintain their list, or as an al-

ternative they are obliged to continue the

paper after the time subscribed for to the

dissatisfaction and disgust of the sub-

scriber.



We also maintain that by reducing the

Subscription price and discontinuing the

use of free premiums and the other at-

tendam expenses above mentioned, we

not only save our subscribers the hand-

some sum above mentioned, but obtain a

larger net revenue from the subscriptions

than does the publisher who charges the

subscriber $1.00 per year, after deducting

the expenses incurred by the methods

above described.



,From the standpoint of the subscriber

we believed that there could be no ques—

tion as to his preference between these

two methods. A 50 per cent saving in

cost is always appreciated in any article

by any purchaser, So long as the quality

of the article is maintained. Results haVe

shown that this is no exception to the

general rule.



From the standpoint of the advertiser,

so long as the subscriber pays for his pa-

per in advance and solely upon its merits,

we believed that it made no difference

whether the price was $1 0r half that

sum, the quality of the paper being

equal, or if there was a difference that

the- advertiscr would prefer the smaller

subscription price owing to the greater

possibility of a constantly increasing sub-

scription list, and results also seem to

have justified this opinion. '



So far as the quality or quantity of the

reading matter or of the advertisements

published in the Michigan Farmer is con-

cerned, these speak for themselves. The

insinuation that the reduction in sub-

scription price will make our editorial

columns subject to the undue influence of

advertisers ls a base one, and every well

informed publisher and advertiser knows.





 





that no word of unjustified editorial in-

fluence'in the Michigan 'Farmer can be

purchased at any price.



Apparently, “where the shoe pinches”

such of our competitors as have criticised

us for giving our patrons the benefit of

a “square deal” is in the knowledge that

they get less real revenue from a dollar

subscription with the customary attend-

ant expense in securing the same, than

the Michigan Farmer gets from a 50 cent

subscription which comes to us direct.





 





NEW MANAGER FOR STATE FAIR.

Mr. DickinSOn was chosen General Sup-

erintendent and General Manager of the

State Fair at the recent mid-winter meet-

ing of the Michigan State Agricultural

Society. Mr. Dickinson's business and





 





George W. Dickinson.

administrative experience have admir-.

ably fitted him for this office to which he

was called upon the expiration of his

term as a member of the State Railroad

Commission. He has formerly served the

State Fair as superintendent of trans-





portation.





 





HAPPENINGS OF hTHE WEEK.





 





National.

The action of the Wyoming legislature





in approving the sixteenth amendment





to the national constitution providing that

Congress may levy an income tax for

pui‘pOses of national revenue, without ap-

portionment among the states or regard

to the sources of income, virtually places

those provisions in the constitution, this

making 36 states which have given their

approval. This is an important amend—

ment, the first to be adopted since the

reconstruction. By its provisions the form

of the law is left entirely to Congress and

it is predicted that this will be a source

of legislation during the coming special

sessl0n of the next Congress.



At a meeting of organized milk pro—

ducers held in Chicago on Monday of this

week, it was determined to increase the

price of milk to distributors to $1.50 per

r-wt. during the summer season from

April 1. The old schedule was 551.25% per

cwt. More than 1.000 members of the

assooiaiion from Illinois, Indiana, \Vlscon-

sin and Michigan were present at tho

meeting.



Pursuant to a resolution adopted by the

legislature during the past week a com-

mittee has been appointed to anestigate

the I’ere Marquette railroad and deter-

mine, if possible, the cause or causes

which have contributed to its present

financial conditiOn.



A destructive fire visited Aiken, S. 0.,

last Sunday morning, when the Park-in—

the-Pines hotel was burned, the loss be~

ing over $250,000.



A burning film in a picture theatre at

New York caused a panic among the au-

dience and Wm persons were killed and

many others hurt in the rush for the

exits.



An apartment house fire in Sacremento,

Cal., resulted in four persons being killed

and 11 others injured, one fatally.



\Vharves and warehouses in Savannah,

Ga., were destroped by fire last Sunday,

causing a loss of $1,500,000,



A garage adjoining the Great Northern

hotel in New York city took fire on Sun-

day and destroyed property estimated to

be worth $200000.



There were 14 fires reported in Detroit

last Sunday, causing a total estimated

damage of $62,000. .The heaviest loss was

the destruction of the publishing plant

of Detroit Saturday Night, entailing a

105s of $20,000.



An order was issued by the President

of Texas State Agricultural College ‘at

Austin, Texas, expelling 466 students for

Insubordlnaiion. The legislature of that

state will investigate the trouble. _



Postmaster General Hitchcock, in Ins

annual report just made public, shows

that the post office department is in a

good financial condition. The expenses

of the department in spite of the. extra-

ordinary amount of franked matter mail-

ed during the last politicm campaign are



- (Continuation page 171 . "
H





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





agaz





       





 





 

 





emf





EEKLI’.





H50 W





 





‘17Ie FARM BOY

(ma GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section iorms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





The Country and the People of the Philippines.





of a. simple and humble, yet spirit-



ed, people can be found than that

of the people of the Philippines today. If

we were going to speak or write about

our own people we certainly would not

begin with a description of the American

Indians who are still scattered over our

own country; ncithc-r would we point to

the colonies of foreigners in our large

cities or on our great westéj‘h prairies;

yet a very similar policy has been fol-

lowed in speaking and writing of the

Filipinos. I‘Ve wouldmpoint to our Puritan

or Pilgrim forefathers, or our English or

Dutch ancestors in New York, Pennsyl-

vania or Virginia. As the Chinaman has

become known to our people by the Chi-

nese laundryman of this country, so the

Filipinos have become known to us by

the Igorol, Bagobo and other wild tribes

which, under protest of the educated

Filipinos, have been placed on exhibit at

the St. Louis. Seattle and other exposi-

tions in this country. The Filipinos, like

the Chinese. doubtless represent a race

which is older than our own. Manila and

Cebu are older than Boston, New York

or Philadelphia. Previous to Spanish oc-

cupation Manila was a Mohammedan city

founded by the Arabs. Like us, the F'ili-

pinos owe the discovery of their country

by Europeans to the Spaniards. Shortly

after Columbus discovered America (1492)

and about the time Cortez accomplished

the conquest of Mexico and Pizarro the

conquest of Peru, Magellan discovered the

real route to the East lndics by way of

the strait which, bears his name, arriving

in the Philippines on Saturday, March 16,

1521. The Filipinos enjoyed the inlluence

of European civilization and guidance by

the Spaniards from 1565 to 1898~it is safe

to say before any of the ancestors of our

present generation reached this conti-

nent.





S CARCELY a more interesting study





' . The Filipinos.



The negritos (little negroes) were the

aborigines of the Philippines but they no

more represent the Filipinos than the

American Indian represents the typical

American. Today the negritos are scat—

tered in the mountains and isolated spots

on the Islands, in the heart of the Malay

Peninsula and the Andaman Islands.

They are a little people; the men are un-

der five feet in height and have short

curly hair, while the women are still

smaller. The Filipinos are one of the

families of the Malay race which is be-

lieved to have Originated in southeastern

Asia. and spread into the Malay Penin-

sula and over the neighboring islands of

the East Indian Archipelago. The an-

cestors of the Filipinos of today, it is

believed, were a people of greater cul-

ture and intelligence than the first set-

tlers, and .that they came from Java or

the Malay Peninsula at a time consider-

ably latcr. and quickly took possession of

the low country and the coasts of the

principal islands. The-y apparently set-

tled in the same places in the Islands in

which the Spaniards found them, when

they were knowu by the same local trib-

—al names as today, and each tribe spoke

a different dialect of a common language.





Hindu, Mohammedan and Chinese Influ-

ence.



There is unquestioned evidence that the

early Filipinos felt the influence of the

spread of Hinduism into Burma, Siam,

and Java about 500 A. D. Many words

in Tagalog are of sanskrit origin, and

the system of writing which the Span,-

iards found in use by the Filipinos had

unquestionably been developed from the

alphabet used by the Hindus in Java.

The presence of Mohammedanism is fur-

ther evidence of the early origin of the

Filipinos. Some of the Malays are known

to have been converted to Mohammedan-

is‘m as early as 1250 A. D., and the pow-

erful Mohammedan settlement in Borneo

to date back to 1400 A. D. From Borneo,





 





By E. A. Coddington.





 





 





 





Public Schools of Capiz—Buildings Typical of those Constructed under Spanish Rule.



011 left is boys’ school, in center maybe seen corner of teachers’ i'iuilding.

and at right is girls' school. in March, 1005, this province enrolled nearly 24.000

children in its public schools.





 





 





.99





 





 





The Provincial Board ofCapiz—Governing Body of the Province.





Board is composed of Governor, at the left. Secretary, at his lcl't, Treasurer, on

the right, his Interpreter, and the Division Superintendent of Schools who was





taking the picture. The Governor, a Chinese mestizo, was educated in Madrid;

the Treasurer is a graduate of Yale and he Superintendent of Schools of the Uni-

versity of Michigan; the Secretary and Interpreter are Filipinos.





 





 





kiwi-2.1. Mints/rt





 





A Typical lllustrado House and Court in Malate, Manila.





The principal residence districts, Malate, San Miguel and Santa. Ana, are fa-

mous for their palatial homes overlooking the Pasig River and Manila Bay.





 





Mohammedanism spread to Jolo and Min-

danao, its present. strongholds in the

Philippines. and the relations between the

Sultans .of Borneo and Join are main-

tained to this day. (.‘hincse records show

that for at least 300 years before the ar-

rival of Magcil.in. Chinese trading vessels

had regularly visited several of the is-

lands. Antonio Pigafctta. the chronicler

of Magellan’s party. states that Cebu was

a large town, that the Cebuans were fa—

miliar with the surrounding countries of

China and the Moluccas, that they un-

derstood trading \vcll, had scales. weights

and ll‘lt‘ilb‘lll‘oh‘. and were fair dealers. lie

also records that a trading junk from

Siam was in the. harbor of Cebu when

Magellan’s .boats arrived. He says the

natives lived in houses made of bamboo,

built on hosts, and thatched with palms;

that they kept dogs, cats. hogs. goats.

and fowls; that they cultivated rice, corn.

and breadfrilii. and used coconuts. ban-

anas, oranges. citron, and ginger for

food. These conditions ('orrcspond closcly

to the manner of living of the masses of

poor and ignorant people in the country

tOday.

The Families.



The Filipinos. whcn the Spaniards

found them, wcre divided into seven

principal groups or families. The. Bisaya

tBis-i-yal occupy the ccntral islands of

Panay, Negros. northern Mindanao. Lcyte.

Samzi‘ and Marilidlliillc: thc Rico] (lic—

col) the southern extremity of Luzon;

the ’l‘agiilog i'l‘a-gal-og) central Luzon,

including Manila; the Palllpango and

Pangasinan the central plain north of

Manila, including the rchr Valleys of the

same names: the. Ilocalio fi'I-li'i-can-o)

northwestern Luzon, and the Czigayalies

('Cag—a-yan-cs) the Cagnyan liver Yal—

ley in noi‘tliei’istol'n Luzon. There is prob-

ably no statement that the Filipinos rev—

scnt more keenly than that thcir ances:

tors were the wild or non~christian tribes

in the mountains. it will be seen that

this discrimination ilclwci-n the wild

tribes and thc pcoplc of the low lands,

who have cultivated the soil and traded

for centuries with China, Siam, Java and

other islands of the East Indies, dates

back fully 400 ycarsmbet‘ore the first set-

tlements were made in the l'nitcd States.

The census taken by the Philippine gov—

crnment in 15l0fi showed a population of

7.635.426; of this number only 647,740—

less than ten per cent—arc classed as

non-christian or wild tribes. The census

gives the number of Filipinos and non-

christians as follows:





Filipinos.

Bisaya ............................ 3,210,030

Tagalog .......................... Lawton;

llocano ........................... 803.942

Bicol ............................ 566,365

Pangasinan ..................... .. 343,686

I‘ampangan .................... . 280,084

Cagayan ......................... 150,648

Non-Christian Tribes.

Moro (Mohammedan Malaysl ..... 277.547

lgorot .............................. 211,520

Bukidnon ....... , ................... 5 6,189

Negl‘ilo ............................ 23.51]

Manobo ............................ 20,635

Subano ............................ 23,768

BagOllo ............................. 12,149





The civilizcd populatii’m is given as

6,931,318 Filipinos. 41,037» Chinese, 8,13.

Americans (l‘nited States). 3,888 Span—

iards. These data show si'-mething of

the relative importance of the wild tribes

in the solution of the Philippine problem.



Characteristics.



Now that we know who the Filipinos

are and the number in each race family

it Would doubtless be interesting to know

more of their characteristics and progress.

Physically the Filipinos are smaller in

stature than most Americans, although

a few of them are larger than the aver-

age American; they are light brown in

color; few of them are rugged or robust

appearing, but as compared with other

orientals they are remarkable for their

personal cleanliness; they are very imi-

tative and excel in manual arts such as
.T

«N... 4‘ _





160-46





writing, copying, carving, etc.; while their

ancestors and the Moros are still famous

as sea. pirates ‘and fighters, one would

not judge them to be a race destined to

become famous for great physical prow-

ess or achievements. In temperament

they are care free, stoical, spirited and

passionate; they are born musicians and

lovers of music; many of them play sev-

eral different instruments; every church

has it organ and choir, and sometimes

an orchestra; almost every municipality

has its town band, and not a few Filipino

musicians play the overtures from num-

bers of the great operas from memory.





The people are divided into two distinct

classes: genie iilustrada (hente il-lus-tra-

da) or educated people who are Very am-

bitious, and the gente- baja (hente ba-ha)

or common‘people; the common people

are ignorant, credulous and easily led;

few of them show any inclination to a.

particular occupatiOn, turning their hands

readily from one thing to another with

considerable adaptability; many of them

are improvident, given to gambling and

cockflghting, and not a few of the men

are as much attached to their gamecocks

as an Arab to his horse. Living in the

tropics where the necessities of life are

obtained with little effort, where nature

shelters them with the palm and fans

them with sea breezes. they are natu-

rally/ lovers dense and luxury. A prom-

inent writer says: “He works when

obliged to and rests wheneVer he can

get an opportunity." The common peo-

ple have little conception of the value of

time; monana (mun-ya—na) tomorrow is

always as good if not a better time to

do anything than today. It has been

called the momma country. How delight-

ful! Nevertheless many Filipinos are

models of industry. The orient l believes

in telling you what he thinks yod want to

hear, and in this respect the Filipinos

are no exception; they readily deceive

those who do not understand their men-

tal attitude; they often make lavish

promises which they have no serious in-

tention of fulfilling; sometimes they tell

such unconscionable falsehoods that one

wonders whether they regard this sort

of fiction as an art.



The Filipinos are generally good fath-

ers and mothers, at least the 'illustradas.

and the children, especially of the. better

families, are exceptionally well bred and

better behaved than American cnildren:

muchachos (mu-cha-chosi servants, often

called “boys” like ignorant servants in

all lands are given more or less to steal—

ing. The Filipinos are famous for illxll‘

politeness, charm of manner. and never-

failing hospitality in which they excel

both Europeans and Americans. They

are. equally famous for their good nature,

and they love to dance, sing and make

merry: the number of fiestas lic-es—ius)

or holidays which they celebrate during

the yczu‘ is almost incredible, and they

are always ready to add another to their

calendar of joy days. Having lived hun-

dreds of years on their native henths

their lives are stored with myths, legends

and folklore. l'p the l‘asig. the Pam-

panga or the Cagnyan. like the Rhino.

'he Danube. and the Po, the pcople of

each section have their own folklore and

songs. As :1 people they are inclined to

education and the children learn with

case.



' Christianity.



The first thing that strikes the aver-

age American as he becomes acquainted

with the Filipinos is that. although they

have en masse accepted Christianity and

are enrolled as communicnnts of the Cath-





,oli-c church, they still practice cockfight-





ing (a paSllme which Magellan witnessed

on the island of l‘alawan) and many of

them are given to gambling. ‘\\'hile the

padres (father-S) priests. and the friars

bound the Filipinos to the church, they

not only permitted lax standards of liv-

ing but. on occasions indulged with the

people in gambling, drinking and cock~

fighting. For nearly 350 years Spain and

cat‘holiclsm dominated the Philippinles

and the Filipinos; the Filipinos were not

the choosers and therefore can not be

held to account for the faults in Filipino

life of today as measured by either Eu-

ropean or American standards. IVhen

one remembers that but few of the priests

were Spaniards, that the mass of them

were then, and are today, Filipinos who

know very little of European standards,

the. changes which they wrought in the

country and the people. and that these

changes were accomplished in the land

of the Bhuddist, the Mohammedan,‘and

Confucianist, that the Filipinos are the

only native Christian people in the Ori-

ent, one is less inclined to criticise and

more inclined to be thankful for the ar-

dent and self-sacrificing spirit of many of





’ TH E M1 (2 H II -G~.A3::N : F AvaMI E R .





her colleges or her unmet-any. Having a

European, educational system, naturally

many of the first families sent their sons





the Christian priests whose names and

good Works will never be forgotten.

Organized Government.



The Spaniards have given much to the

Filipinos besides Christianity. Before the

American administration the parish rec-

ords, or birth and baptismal rolls of the

churches, furnished the only census of the

people The church is everywhere pres-

ent, scarcely a town or even a barrio

can be found without its church or chap-

el, the former usually of stone. The

Spaniards gave the Filipinos European

standards of living, ideas of dress, of so-

ciety, of modern cities and towns, and

trade. Before the time of the Spaniards

most of the Filipinos lived in small

groups or villages called barangays (bar-





'an-guys).' The Spaniards renamed these





barangays barrios, or wards, and united

them into pueblos or municipalities, and

the old tribal divisions, sometimes divid-

ed by rivers or mountain ranges, became

provinces; this organization was Accepted

by the United States and is in force to-

day. The Filipino town corresponds to

our township and takes the name of its

principal village or barrio, but all of the

barrios share in its government the same

as the wards of a city; the towns taken

together make the province which corre-

sponds in a measure to our county; the

province is usually larger than our coun-

ties and quite like a small state, having

a governor and other like officers. Next

in importance- to the churches come the

tribunals or municipal buildings, which

were usually substantial, and then El

(lobierno or Palacio, the provincial gov-

crnment building. There are now about

700 organized towns and 35 provinces.





Schools and Education.



The Spaniards also gave the Filipinos

European ideas of schools, colleges and

univerSlties. A report prepared in .1892

shows that there were 640 school'build-

ings and 61 buildings for teachers; 1.087

hoys’ primary schools, and 1,050 girls’

primary schools. Secondary instruction

was furnished by the College of San Juan

do Lelran. founded 1640, the Municipal

Atheneum of Manila, the College of Med-

icine and Pharmacy of San Jose. founded

1601, the Academy of Drawing and Paint-

ing, the Nautical School, the girls’ col-

leges of Santa Isabel, Santa Rosa, found-

cd 1750, Santa Catalina. founded 1696. La

Concordia and the Asylum of St. Vincent

do Paul in Manila, a Normal School for

male teachers established in 1863. and

schools of Arts and Trades in Manila and





lloilo which were established in 1890. Su- .





perior education was furnished by the

l'niVM‘sity of Santo Tomas in Manila,

which was founded as a college by Fray

Miguel de Benavides. second Archbishop

of Manila, in 1619 and created a univer-





sity in 1645. The University was at the





head of all of the schools of the Islands

and under royal authority directed their

work; its courses included law. theology.

medicine and pharmacy. From 1645 to

1820 it conferred degrees upon 97 as doc~

tors of philosophy, theology, canonical

and civil law, 957 as bachelors, and 132

as licentiates. For the school year 1886-

1887 there were 1,982 students enrolled.





(leneral primary instruction was provid-

cd for in 1863, the same year in which

the Normal School was established. In-

struction was obligatory and free to the

poor; the law fixed the school age from

seven to 12 years, fixed the requirements

for teachers, prohibited certain persons

from serving as teachers, fixed salaries,

provided for inspections and reports, the

pensioning of teachers when disabled, for

their retirement on'half salary after 20

years and on four—fifths salary after 35

years of service. The small salaries paid

to teachers, the lack of play grounds and

sanitary provisions, but principally the

opposition of the religious orders and

corporations in whose hands the carrying

out of the law was placed. defeated the

good intentions of the Spanish govern-

ment.



There are many libraries in connection

with the colleges and the University, and

in the monasteries of the different re-

ligious orders are many old and valuable

manuscripts, canticles and records. There

are the hospitals of San Juan de Dios

and San Lasero (Leper hospital) in Ma-

nila. an infirmary at Cavite for mariners

and shipbuiiders, a hospital at Los Banos

on the east shore of Laguna de Bay, and

one at Nueva Cacoros northwest of May-

on volcano, . besides various mineral

springs and baths in different parts of the

country.



Luna and Rizal.





In justice to the many institutions of

learning in the Philippines award should

be said regarding their graduates. Many

of the leading men in business and pro-

fessional life in Manila are graduates of





to Madrid, Paris and Berlin. Numbers

of the leaders of Manila society speak not

only Castillian but French and German

fluently. Of these intellectual leaders

San Juan Luna y Novicio was a graduate

of the Academy of Drawing and Paint-

ing; later he studied in Madrid, Paris and

Rome. His paintings, the “Death of Cleo-

patra,” “Battle of Lepanto,” and "People

and Kings,” are found in some of the

great galleries of Europe. He is doubt-

less the greatest Phillppine artist. While

there- are .many writings by friars and

priests regarding the country and the

people, the place of first importance is

given to a Filipino, Dr. Jose Rizal y Mer-

cado, who was born in Calamba, near

Taal volcano, educated in the Ateneo Mu-

nicipal of Manila and later studied in Ma-

drid and traveled and studied in France,

Germany and England. He was a strong

advocate of progress for the Philippines,

wrote several books and contributed

largely to a Filipino paper published in

Madrid.

Philippine Exposition.



The Spaniards also did much for the

Filipinos in developing their resources and

trade, but we should remember that their

ideals were SpaniSh not American. and we





must look to Spain for the model to which





the Philippines should conform. The ofl‘i-

cial Guide of the Philippines for 1898

states that active commerce was carried

on with China, Japan. Coromandel. Mo-

luccas and extreme parts of the Orient.

Manila, Ilollo, Cebu and Join were open

portS; the exports for the year amounted

to about $14,000.000 and the imports to

about $12.000.000; the principal exports

were hemp. sugar, tobacco, cigars. dye-

woods and indigo. while the principal im-

ports were dry goods, foods. preserves,

oils. wines and machinery. The Philip-

pine Exposition which was held in 1887,

well demonstrated the progress made by

Philippine induStries: it marked the or‘-

ganization in the Islands of great com-

mercial houses and mercantile societies.

The Exposition was so successful, ac—

cording to the official report, that eVery-

one believed that the commerce of the

Philippines would compare favorably with





FEB. 8. 1913?





HA’HBOR~LIGHTS. ' i" "





BY Anortzo mom.





Ah, many mariners go dOWn to the sea.

in mighty ships. ‘





And many a sailor tempts the tide‘





alone;



Their hearts’ expectancy at last is

quenched in‘ death's eclipse,



They sink "unknelled. uncoflined and

unknown.” ‘





And many a vigil still is kept and bitter '





tears are Shed

By patient eyes that scan the sunset

foam;

F0r those, with softer accents let the

funeral rites be read,

-Vi'h,o sink in sight of harbor lights and

home.





The spirit of Leander cries from out the

yeasty surge

Of fearful waves that throng the

Hellespont;

Her lighted torch fair Hero waves along

the beetling verge.

In welcome to love’s rose-embowered

haunt;

Our hearts’ expected pleasure lies around

the bend of the road,

And ever turns the roadway as we

roam;





So We keep for those returning to their ,





-former loved abode,

X‘Vho sink in sight of harbor lights and

home. ‘





Though sad is he who sails away to seek

a sunny isle

That basking lies in deep-empurpled

seas,





And never gains the port he sought, and‘





buffeted meanwhile

By adverse tides and long-delaying

breeze;





The ones to whom my sympathy goes out.





all unrestrained

Are those who mark at eVe the city's

dome

ltise from the world of waters, 'and the

haven almost gained. '

Go dowu in sight of harbor lights and

home.





 





the foremost creations of the world before

the close of the nineteenth century.



Prominent Englishmen declare that the

Filipinos are superior to the other Malays

of the Far East. A writer of the highest

authority who has lived in ”the Islands

says: “They are glad to be educated,

glad to study some language other than

their own, and glad to follow European

and American ideals.” Another writer

says: “The fact that they themselves

rejected Spain as an unsatisfactory men-

lor in Occidental civilization is an indi-

cation of their fitness for further progress

in that direction.”





 





BRAMBLE HILL





By ROBERT CARLTON BROWN.





(Book Rights Reserved by the Author.)





“Yes, Doodle or some other rooster,”

continued the Rhesus-faced, in his most

sprightly manner. “Hermann got the tel-

eygram early this afternoon an’. be had

it over to the store. I got the story.

Ol' Stimpson saw it—-but I think the fel—

ler mentioned in the teleygram was Jim

-Jim somebody, it was signed.”



“Jim Rogers?” _



“There! That’s it!" Lafe Turner

plumed himself like a monkey looking in

a hand glass. “He says he‘s comin’ down

to help yeh fight the railroad comin'

through your land. Ha, ha!‘ Jes’ ’sif

there was cny fightin’ ter be done. Ha.

ha!" Lafe Turner often had recourse to

the, capricious chuckle of the laughing

hyena.



Sid was glowing with the news. His

spirits were instantly tuned to a better

pitch by the hope of a visit from Jimmie.



“Vi'hen'd the telegram come? You're

Sure it was signed ‘Jim Rogers?’ ” he

queried. \



“Ol’ Stimpson seen it, I tell you. Don’t

go doubtin’ the word of your‘elders,

young feller.” The distinction of being

news-bearer to the principal in the affair

had quite turned Lafe Turner’s head. “I

s’pose when this here city feller does

come you an’ him'll think yeh own th’

town. But don't try none of your rah-

rahin' around here. 01’ Stimpson says

so. too, an I want ter warn yeih right

now—”



“Not toward other people’s telegrams?”

suggested Sid.



Lafe Turner’s jaw dropped and finally

hung slack as his ardent flow of words

ceased. The rebuke had registered. He

was accustomed to being humbled. His

ascensions- were only spectacular in the

way he always hit the ground. So the

Rhesus-faced slapped his mouth shut

with an effort, ceased emulating his mas-

terful model, slid a shifty glance in Sid’s

direction and without further formality

hurried off directly, as though he had

just learned that his dog had eaten

poisoned meat prepared for a. neighbor’s

DUP-





VVhen Sid reached home he asked for

the telegram. It hadn’t arrived. News

traveled fast in Turtle, Creek, but un-

sealed messages met many delays. Half

an hour later, however, Hermann, ban-

danaed and breathless, rushed up the

Edgeworth porch, beet-faced, as though

bearing the Message to Garcia, and de—

livered the following wire:



“Sidney Edgeworth,

Turtle Creek. Illinois.



(let out the band. Am on my way

down to solve that traction problem for

you. Put On your red tie and borrow an

automobile to meet me with.



‘ , Jim Rogers."



Sids face spread into a wide smile as





he read the message. “Good old Jimmie,"

he grinned. But as his expression grad-

ually cooled, the yellow slip fluttered to

the floor and the smile finally settled down

to an uncertain quivering at the corners

of his mouth. “Poor old deluded Jim-

mie." he sighed. ”VVonder if he thinks

he can stop that gluttonous railroad from

gobbling up my choicest land. ‘My land?’

It is to laugh, as Late Turner might.

The land isn’t any more minc than the

moon is, and it never will be. ‘Solve

that traction problem!“ Poor Jimmie! He

has the optimism of ignorance. Stop the

railroad from going through this land

when they’ve already laid a quarter of a

mile of track right through the best of

it. Fine chance! I guess Lafe Turner

was right in spilling out that merry ha

ha of his on my chances."





Chapter XML—The Impetus.





“Now!" exclaimed Jim. “Explain to

me just how things stand between YOU

and this railroad, old Sideral.



“I’ve been telling you ever since you

landed this morning that you’ve come on

a fruitless crusade. In fact. there is no

crusade. I am already conquered, van-

quished. extinguished,” objected Sid.



“Never mind that. I came all the way

from New York to relieve your despair.

There is a remedy for everything—”



“Except love. pink-eye and railroad

rights of way.” .



‘ (Continued_on page 162).





 





 





 





I
hi";





 





 





 





 





 





 





FEB; s, 1913.





THE STORY OF DANDY.





 





BY MRS. JEFF DAVIS.





Harry had never been in the country

for long at a time, until he and his moth-

‘er went to visit his uncle, who lived on

a farm a. long way 0ft. It was dark

when they reached the farm, and‘Harry

was very, very tired. Most of the day

they had traveled on the train, but~the

last part of the journey had been ridden

behind two horses along a. winding coun-

try road.



Harry found the farm quite different

from his city home. When he looked out

of his window, instead of tall houses he

saw high mountains and dark green

woods. ..



There were so many things to interest

Harry, and all so new and strange to

him. There were the handsome horses,





 





A Filipino Milk Paddler.



There are no dairies in Manila and Only

a few dairy cows; most of the milk and

butter used by Americans and Europeans

is imported from Australia or the United





States. In the country, carabao or goat’s

milk is used and every morning these

peddlers may be seen in the market or

going from house to house.





 





sleek Jersey cows, pigs, and chickens,

besides two cats, and a big yellow dog

named Lion.



At first Harry thought he never would

get tired of playing with Lion and the

cats. But after a time he grew at little

lonely and began to wish there was a

little boy to play‘with, or that he had a

pet of his very own. And one day his

wish was realized, for his uncle brought

him a little baby squirrel.



"I wonder if we can raise this little

fellow?” he said to Harry. “I found him

in the hollow stump of an old tree that

we had to cut down today.

another little squirrel in the nest, but in

some way he was killed by a limb.”



“Oh, Uncle Joe, did you bring him to

me?" asked Harry.



“Yes; you may have him if you will

take good care of him.”



“I’ll do the best I can, uncle, but how

can I feed him, and what will he eat?”



“He must be fed on milk, for he is too

young to eat. Let's see if he can drink

the milk,” said Uncle Joe.



But when the milk was placed before

the squirrel he did not understand that

it was for him to drink. Harry even put

the little fellow’s‘mouth into the milk,

but that seemed to frighten and strangle

him. '



“We’ll have to try a new plan,” said

Uncle Joe. “I remember reading whene

a medicinerdropperwas used to feed

milk to a little animal. Now I haVe a

large dropper that I use to put ink into

my fountain pen, and we will see what

can be done with that.”



So they took the dropper, which is a.

long glass tube with a rubber bulb at one

end, and washed it thoroughly with

warm water and soap. Then it was filled

with warm fresh milk; the end of the

tube was placed in the squirrel’s mouth

and the milk was gently forced in by

pressing the rubber bulb. Theexperiment

proved a success. The little fellow drank

greedily,. and the tube had to be filled

several times before he was satisfied.



“The advantage of this is,” said Uncle

Joe to Harry, “the squirrel can’t bite of!

the-glass. as he might if it was of rub-





 





There was»





 





 





 





'THE MICHIG





her, for a-young squirrel has some sharp .

teeth." ,



It was not long until the squirrel would

take milk from a pan,

bread and vegetables. Harry always fed

him, so he looked upon the little boy as

his best friend and followed him all

around the place.



At first Lion, the dog, did not like the

new pet, but they soon became good

friends, and Harry had great fun playing

with them. He liked to put the squirrel

on the dog’s back and watch him walk

off, unconscious of his burden. But when

the squirrel would dig his claws into

Lion’s back, the dog would shake him-





self and look around, the same as to

say, “What is that pinching me, any-

way?” - .





When the time came for Harry to say

goodbye to the farm he took Dandy t0

the city with him. He often entertains

his little friends by telling where Dandy

was found, how he was first given food,

and by having his pet perform several

amusing tricks that he has been taught.



Harry says that the country is a great

place, and that he and Dandy are going

to spend their next vacation on the farm.





STUDYING THE WINTER BIRDS—IV.





 





BY ORIN E. CROOKE‘R.





There are some birds which apparently

never think of migrating. When winter

comes they make the best of a bad sit-

uation, and while many people may not

suspicion their presence it is not difficult

for the student who goes afield to come

across plenty of evidences of their being

in the vicinity. A walk through the

leafless woods or across the snow—swept

fields will reveal the presence of many an

individual of the feathered tribe.



Take, for instance, the common bob-

white or quail.- In the fall these beauti-

ful birds frequent grain fields. and glean

a good living from the remnants of the

harvest. As winter approaches they draw

in toward the thickets and heavy wood—

ed bottom lands. With the ‘snow heavy

on the ground it is, not so difficult to

come across evidence of them as it is

in other seasons of the year when per-





 





\

A N F A R M'E R

hapszthey, hang close to cover and are





only flushed by a dog. Here in the snow,

under a dense thicket of pine, is the tell-





and 'eat bits of tale- mark of their last bivouac. Not every-





}one knows! that quail; roost on the

ground—a whole bevy in close compan-

ionship, tail to tall with heads pointing

outward.‘



The matter of a winter food supply

does'not seem to bother them in' the

least, although after axeeptional snows

they will often work in toward the farm

yard and frequently come close to the

house if they are not disturbed or unduly





17—161





Up along the Canadian border the writer

has frequently found holes in the snow

that the grouse burrows out for purposes

of shelter from the elements. In these

holes a grouse will spend the night and

such part of the day as he may choose

to retire for rest. Some of them are a.

foot or more in depth and when the snow

has a crust they quite suggest cave-like

ret'rcats. Mr. (or Mrs.) Grouse must be

snug and warm when tucked away in one

of these snow holes out of the Wind and

weather.





Several varieties of owls are always





 





 





 





 





 





Birthplace of Dr. Jose Rizal y Mercado, Filipino author, patriot and martyr, who

was shot Dec. 30, 1896, by order of the Spanish Government.





 





frightened. It is possible by feeding them

in certain definite places to keep them

around the premises all winter.



Another bird that seems to make the

best of a. long cold winter without com-

plaint is the ruffed grouse or partridge.

In winter nature even provides him with

“snow shoes”—— a curious fringe of

strong, horny points on his feet which

certainly appear to serve this purpose.





 





FOXy-Junior Watching The Clock.





By Dora H.





Come right down, Foxy-Junior!

Quit purring that little tune.



You needn’t sit and watch the clock

’Cause it isn’t nearly noon.



You have just heaps of tasks to do:

It is time to run a, race,



And all this blessed morning, sir,

You haven’t washed your face.





Blue-Ball, under the sofa,

Is waiting for you, now,



To play «"Puss-Wants-a-Corner;"

And there’s a splendid row





 





Stockman.





A-going on the back porch—

I hear Frisk growl and bark—

Can’t you help Scampy lick him,

That would be a lively lark?





You need not think because you are





A blooded Persian cat





That all you have to do is eat,





And sleep upon the mat.





I smell the dinner cooking,





And my Papa’s coming soon:





If you don’t come and play, sir

9 You won't get a single bOne.





 





present in the timbcred portions of the

country in winter. Their presence is de-

tected by the discarded “pellets" of bones

and skin that their stomachs have reject—

ed as indigestiblc. Not all of us can es-

cape an attack of indigestion so easily!

In as much as the bird student will proh~

ably not be fortunate enough to see many





of these nocturnal birds it is useless to

enter into any description of them. Ilc

will easily recognize the little scrccch

owl from his plainlch warble, as it has

been called, and the larger horned owl’

by his decp-toncd “whooo-hoo; whoo—

hoo.”





Very occasionally in Winter—the writer

has had the good fortune but once—Voile.

may chance upon a snowy owl, a ra-al

arctic bird that pays the norihcrn middle

states a brief visit now and then. Tilt"

snowy owl goes about in daytime quite

as much as at night. He is one of the

largest of the owl and his snowy white

plumage—which on





closer inspection

shows some greyish brown markingsw

distinguishes him from all other winter

visitors. lie is a magnificent bird, and





the bird lover who chances to see him in

the open country, and not in a stuffed

condition rexposing in state under a glass

case, is truly fortunate.



Crows are too common to need any de-

scription. Some people, however, mar

not know that crows Sometimes migrate

in large flocks. lu Vermont some years

ago the writer witnessed one of these

flights. hour a straggling

line of crows sccmcd to follow a certain

definite path in the air overhead. There

must have been thousands of them all

told. It happened in November, and was

the forerunner of :2 severe winter. Crows,

however, do llOl go very far south. EVen

In our northern states they keep pretty

well up above the cold weather line and.

of course, in some localities remain all

winter.



It seems to be similar with the blue

jay. In southern lVisconsin and Michi~

gan he appears to remain throughout, the

winter, although there will perhaps be a.

week or two at a, time when he is not

seen or heard. In severe weather thev

probably keep pretty close to the heavy

thickets. “'hen the writer was a bov he

was of the opinion that the presence of

the blue jay in the open c0untry and

arOund houses in the winter was. a sign

of warmer and more pleasant weather

soon to come. This may not be true, but

the writer has seen nothing in later years

to cause him to change his opinion.



Another inhabitant of the far north

that occasionally pays the northern states

a winter visit is the evening grosbeak.

This bird lives in the interior of Canada

from Manitoba northward. So far as we

now recall he is the only winter bird that

carries any great amount of yellow in

his plumage. He is some smaller than

a robin and can be easily recognized by

his thick heavy bill. '



The evening grosbeak travels in flocks

—not unlike the cedar waxwing—the





For an or so
Small Fields Too





Tractors aren t meant

for big farms and large

fields only—a



“UMEL‘,





aim...” ,





15- 3O h.p.



will plow fenced fields of

8 to ID acres profitably.

Some farmers use the

OilPull on three-acre

patches.



It's all in laying out the

land and planning the worlr.





Our Plow Data-Book,

N0. 338, has all the informa-

tion you need for laying out

Iields and caring for them.





i What can be done with a tractor

is explained In our OilPull Data-





   

   

 





 





 

 

 

 





Book, No. 352. Write for both

books. ‘

Ask for the name





of our nearest dealer.





RUMELY PRODUCTS CO.





(Incorporated)

Power-Farming Machinery





Battle Creelr', Mich.

Home Office: LaPorte, In... 489





 

 

 





 





 





   

 





 





Would you

hire a lazy

man? N 0,

you want a

worker.





PATENTED

COLUMBIA

BATTERIES

are honest, hard work-

ers. Don’t accept any

other. You deserve

COLUMBIAS and will

get them if you insist.

Cost No More;

Last Longer





For sale by all good dealers





National Carbon Co.





Cleveland, Ohio





'until all





number varying from half a dozen-to

fifty or sixty. By his tameness he shows

his ignorance of man and human kind.

During the winter and spring of 1890

there was an extraordinary number of

these birds in Our northern states. The

writer recalls having seen a dozen or so

in the center of town that were so tame

it was almost literally possible to “put

salt on their tails.” They are beautiful

birds. One wishes they might visit us

with greater regularity ‘





LITTLE—Elam FABLES.





—._—-_





BY AUNT QUILLIA.





Tall Living and Short Thinking.



As Father Bruin stood at the entrance

of his dwelling that bright October morn-

ing he was a most imposing figure.

Erect, with ample jaws uplifted, broad

front expanded to the crisp air, and

handsome coat buttoned to the chin, his,

indeed, was a commanding presence. '



After listening intently for a few mo-

ments he seemed to abandon all thought

of dogs and, turning, re-entcred his door-

way saying. “They are for those wild

turkeys I saw in the brush yesterday,

and as I am not likely to be molested I

am free to visit the pioneer pig-pens

again. Of all settlers Farmer Foreman Is

most prosperous. When I want a good

fat shoat or tender calf I know where to

go. The cubbies are hungry and I my-

self must fill up once more before going

to bed for the winter. Old Graybeard, I

suppose, would suggest that I leave the

shout till spring. (if all squirrels, he is

called longest headed and most provi-

dcnt, but out while you have the eata—

sales has always been my theory and

practice. The time to go without is when

you have none. The Years are telling on

me. I shall roam this forest but once.

and ‘I.ive while you live’ is my motto."



And so that night Farmer ,li‘oreman's





sty was robbed of its choicest inmate,

and. while Daddy Bruin and his young-

sters licked their chops over its juicy





cart-ass they said. ”And now for our nap.

.\ full stomach for a long fast."



The winter was long and severe. and

not until late. sprint-r (lid Bruin drag him-

self outside for a whiff of fresh air. Age

and the prolonged fast had weakened his





frame. Scarccly had he reached the sun-

light bet‘orc a strange sinking at the

heart warned him that his hour had

come. Lying upon the chilled earth he





was not conscious of an attendant until

Graybeard’s bushy tail brushed his brow.



“You need a little broth, neighbor.”

said his kindly visitor. “Let me make

you a bit of that young beef you last

brought home. It is still sweet, I am

sure."



“There is none.

was gone.





We ate of it freely



I was too short

sighted."



“Then a slice of that young

Nicely broiled, it might do.”



“All gone. It was so delicious that not

a morsel was left. I didn’t think it was

coming to this.”



“How about the beechnuts?

a large yield.”



“ hit our appetites were larger and I

didn't look ahead."



“.\nd the honey?

bloomy, you know."



“Yes, but we were all fond of high liv-





Shoat.





There was





The summer was so





 





Fadoriea in U. S. and Canada





Fahnestock Connections- without extra-

rge.





 





 





._ and Mar .

l" Leads them a”!





IIPElllll.





PU LVER IZER





   

 

 





 





emu? The Peterson mg. no. amt





SCIENTIFIC SWEEP HILL.





Double ”non. «Triple Gounod





. 6 is one of our



1.333;. “2.. mu. pm...



‘m’ “”2?“ mix “““i’i‘é‘i‘ 1m...

8 B gnu



In”? 129.113... prioedmill that.





five: Satisfaction

Shorts. d ble 4

any runni unidouifigd

on a heavy rd- wood

WWI: teed.

Write W? catalog.

TH! BAUER IROS.00..qu1098|rllldbll.flth





 





5, How to build your own

m“ I 5%.... DESSPO. L63" .....

(listen rs

“haul what m ““60 furnished on ”receipt of 81. '

HUNTING WELL 00V“ -. ”Hod. .





 





, ing. My





. otofcnuSuzn i heard exclaimed.





 





 





cupboard dripped with sweet-

ness and I set a royal table. I didn’t

think of the end.”



Ana’as Bruin breathed his last Gray-

"Alas. the cubs! Ican't

carry them to my tree and they must

starve where they are. All this reminds

me of what I heard a woodsman say con—

cerning a friend who had been a high

liver but had left a sorry penny for his

heirs:



“ ‘A fat kitchen makes a lean will.’ ”





 





BRAMBLE HILL.

(Continued from page 160).



“Give me a chance! Present your case.

Let me concentrate my thirty-two-candle-

power vision on the facts and exert my

sixty-horse-power intellect in an effort

to save you. from the mangling jaws of

this conscienceless corporation.”



Sid Shrugged his shoulders. “Well, it’s

like this," he yawned languidly. “I’ve

got it rather clearly in mind because I





. explained part of the tangle to Jerusha





Wattles last night when I went over to

tell her you were coming.”



“That stunning girl' with the jet black

eyes ’and Maude Adams manner you in-

troduced me to this morning?”





it,” drawled Sid, stretching out his Whole

length on the porch and propping himself





 





M and“ the main- Pumr win-J

was: “an advent-on.





up on an elbow. “The conunissioners,





THE MICHIGAN





,there isn’t .a theorem to fit.

“Exactly. Now'listen; if you must have.





F A'RM E R'





who, as I“ understand it are a bunch of '

Rubes from around here who don’t ap- '





preciate my many talents and seem to

fear and favor the railroad, have agreed





that the right or way through this old .





baronlal estate is worth only twelve thou-

sand dollars."

"Whew!" whistled Jim.





stretch, right in town, too."



"They say it isn't in town,” answered

Sid. “But that doesn't matter. It may

have been partly because the commission-





ers thought ‘I ought to be disappointed.’





You see. Sam Dunlap was one of them,

and Aloisious Stimpson another. They

both love me for my boyish grace and

youthful vigor, not to mention my

sprightly and entertaining manner, but

they think I’m pretty short on intellect

«and I don’t know if you can blame

them. Well, anyway, they’ve formed a

sort of court and awarded the price for

the property. I claim it's worth a good

deal more than twelve thousand. Jerusha

says it's worth a hundred thousand to

them.”



“If you could only get that, eh?" whis-

tled Jim. “But I think myself they ought

to be willing to pay at least half that.

Why don't you take the thing to the

railroad commission for adjustment?"



“There doesn’t seem to be any now,”

answered Sid. “iiornbill suggested that

at first, but when he looked into the

matter he found the commission fixed or

owned by the railroad, or something like

that. There's no chance there."



“Can’t you restrain the railroad with

an injunction against cutting through

your property?"



“Seems not. The court 'won’t grant me

an injunction on that because the law

says the railroad. being a public service

proposition, has a right to cut through

my land. cut off my front door-step, or

pantry. or leg, if it wants to. There‘s

nothing irregular about it. They‘ve con~

demned the land and assessed a valua-

tion of twelve thmisand dollars in broad

daylight. Everything is ship- -sl1ape an

equitable, as far as the railroad and the

courts are concerned. I read a little law

last winter, you know, in some musty old





           





the hymnals, and that’s all there was in

the library.”



“But the appraisers must have been

crooked. Thcre should be some redress

for you. “'ith that strip of land gone

your‘~chances to make good on that will

are absolutelv spoiled aren’ t they? With

that gone it won’t do you any good to





stay here?"





“'Well, I’ll be about as handy and use-

ful as a postage stamp with the mucilage

licked off, after that. Mosh of what is

left is rocky and hilly and full of lime-

stone.’ You couldn't till it with dyna-

mite."



“It certainly sounds bad for you, old

Sider‘al. Maybe after all you’ll have" to

come back to New York and accept that:

job as time-keeper at twenty a. week.”



"Looks that way. I’ve given up. But

I hate to think of going back to New

York. It’s cleaner out here, Jimmie, and

at this time of night, with that mist

softly welling up through the—"



“You’re getting sentimental. Back to

business. The railroad has simply got to

pay you more for the franchise right

through this farm. How does their fran-

chise read?”



“Good till October first. They have to

finish the job by then or forfeit the fran-

chise and a bunch of money, I think. It

pushes them pretty hard,” replied Sid.

“They’ve a. good distance .to go after they

get through here, you know.”



“And how far along are they on your

land?”



"They've laid a quarter of a mile of

track already."



Jim pursed his lips thoughtfully and

tapped his pencil on a pad of paper be-

fore him. “Let’s see! This is the last

of May,” he said slowly. “They’ve got

to go some to finish on time, haven’t

they?” ,



"Yes, but they're making good progress.

They ran in three construction train loads

of supplies today. They’ll get through

this farm in short time; the ground’s

pretty level and there won’t be much

blasting to do. After they get the rails

down there won’t be any chance for re-

dress. It’s no use, Jimmie. The rails





'are down now; they’ve got'me pinned fiat





beneath that track. They’ve run over

me. I’ve tried to figure out some means

of escape. I polished up my trig and

calculus and algebra and everything, but

It’s the

Brutus-blow forthis Caesar."



“Not so fast.





(Continued on page 164).





"Se-ems to me ’ .

that's pretty low for more than a mile _





Let me get: this thing ’

_on paper,” said Jim, itching to have a





 





 





   





FEB. 8,. 1913.





 





OI

,' ““40"”; nor.

mum: "I '

léummuukfl II" 'WI.

In“; ‘.





N‘S





. a. \‘. “g“. .





80 tolOO Bushels

per Acre





with





 





 





Drilled 200 to 4-00 lbs. to the

acre, Fir/z Brand Fertilizer

will make your Com Crop mm l

and bigger.



Write for copy of “Six Mighty

Good Reasons Why You Should Use





Fish Brand Fertilizer." F rec for the

asking. THE Jansen CHEMICAL Co.





 





 





 





 





Sandusky and Cincimrati,- O.





 

 





Agent: Wantod— Writ.

for Proposition





 

   

 





 





 

 

 





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If your land is capable of producing double

. the yield you. are now getting, the dilerenee

represents a loss of hundreds of dollars every

year to you!



Why should you suffer such a loss, when for

the same expense of seeding, working and hnr‘

vesting, you can bank g1 eatly increased profits.





Valuable Information Free





I have made a life study of the subject of

restoring fertility to all kinds of soil.





I have learned just; What natural elements

are necessary to produce large yields of car-

. taxncmps queer-tam soils. I know the exact

' proportions of these elements to employ in



each individual case.



Tell me what you want to grow, and the

nature and condition 0f your soil. Fill out

question blank I send you—and I will tell you

just what; your needs litre to get best results

with the crop you want; to grow.





Write for Free Question Blank





I will forward it bgereturn mail. Answer the

questions andlwill llyou frocofcharaajusi;

Ital; you should do with your land to reap

biggest; profits. Write me a postal NOW. so

‘ou will have time for careful consideration.

on can do as you please about: adopting my

suggestions when you receive them. Tear out:

this advertisement now as your reminderiio





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





write me at once.
FEB. s. 1913.‘





 





THE MICHIGANl-FARMER





19—163





Whose Word





A Car to Keep





You are going to buy a car to keep,

if you’re going to buy economically. And

a car, on your roads, needs a sturdy

foundation to carry its power and load

for years, needs more than mere specifica—

tions and “looks:



Trainedvengineers can’t tell by appear-

ance what a car will do. They can’t

pre-judge materials any better than you,

for the cheaper steels look the same as

the costlier. They must analyze every

piece of metal in_a laboratory to know

what that metal is, and will do.



A car seldom tells its story inside of a

year. Then it fails or it lasts, according

to what the maker puts into it».



You must buy your car on the mate—

rial basis—on' the unseen values—if you

are to get a car to keep.



And you must take somebody’s word

for this quality until you have proved it

out on the road.



The thousands of customers we deal

with regularly know you can take our

word. "





 





will you take?





For Seventy Years





For seventy years the J. I. Case Com-

pany—a $40,000,000 concern—has manu—

factured the finest machinery in its line.

For 70 years men have been trying it and

finding out its worth. Some of our cus-

tomers have dealt with us steadily for

more than 50 years. For seventy years

the business has been operated on a close-

margin policy. You know Case Prod-

ucts. You know how they last. You

know, by results (you do or your friends

do) the grade of materials we use.





Case Cars are made by the same com—

pany that has made this machinery for

so long. They are made on the same

close margin of profit. Don’t you think,

selling to the same people who use our

machinery, we would use the best materials

for the purpose throughout in these cars?





What We Don’t Save





A car to be good today must be good

for a lifetime if the buyer wants to keep

it. City cars that run but a few thou-

sand miles won’t do on American roads.





 





 





 





We could make large savings on the cost

of our motors by using cheaper materials.



\Ve could save on our clutches, trans-

missions, drive shafts, wheels and other

vital parts.



\Ve could make large savings on axles

if we used other.than complete Timkens.



\Ve use the same radiator that $5,000

cars employ.



We could cut our assembling cost in

two and this cost is one of the greatest.





ExiraValuesEverywhere





No expense is too great, no method too

irksome, to perfect every part in fit and '

in quality. For Case Automobiles, like

all Case Machinery, must operate per-

fectly, and must last like a tractor with

one-tenth of a tractor’s weight.



One must use the finest steels in exist-

ence to get both strength and lightness.



So we use this care and these better

materials throughout the entire car.



No other car that we know, selling at

anywhere near our price, uses such care

and materials. No other can.





The Car With the





Famous Engine





5-Passenger Touring, Fully Equipped, $2,200





Westinghouse Electric Starter and Electric Lighting Outfit for all Lamps: Side and Tail Lamps, Combination Oil and Electric; Warner Autometer: Electric Horn: Rain Vision

Ventilating Wind Shield; Mohair Top, Side Curtains and Cover: 37x4%-inch Tires: Firestone Demountable Rims; 124-inch Wheel Base: Three-Quarter Elliptic Springs: 4% x511-





inch Cylinders; Brown-Lipe Transmission: Timken Full Floatin





Axle; Rayfield Carburetor with Dash Adjustment- Bosch Magneto, Dual System Single Point Ignition. The





usual Tools, Tire Repair Kit, Jack, etc. And in addition Extra ire and Tube on Rim. Extra Tube aeparate. Tire (fhaino. Tire Cover and Handy Work Light on long wire.





The Reason





No maker of automobiles alone could

effect our manufacturing savings, for we

didn’t have to create a new busmess.





We added practically nothing to our

selling expense. We had all our agents

before a car was turned out.

We added no salaries for of-

ficers, sales manager, adver-

tising department, office rent

or other overhead charges.





We need only reasonable

profits. Our system, built up

through seventy years, per-

mits us to pare them down to

the minimum, to effect great

factory economies.





 





Thin Emblem on

an automobile

has the some sig-

nificance u the

Burlin mark

on Ii vet.





It allows us to put all this into the car,

to put better things in a Forty than ever

went into a Forty before.



You get the benefit of these savings.



They pay us no money, save that which

"goodwill” brings to a firm that obtains it.



They pay you, through better mate-

rials, in upkeep, repair bills, and in the

cost of new cars every year.



Don’t you think them worth while?



Go to a Case Branch or one of our 10,-

000 dealers and see this new Forty. Ask

to ride in it. See how it runs. Note its

style and equipment. See also the Case

Thirty at $1,500.



Send the coupon for letters from own-

ers that tell their experiences, and the





Case Catalog describing the Case Forty

and the Case Thirty in detail.



No other cars in the world are so

ideally built for years of service on Amer-

ican roads.





4

J. I. Case T. M. Co., Inc. \

641 State Street, Racine, Wis.





Please send complete information about

Case “40” and “30.”





 





 





III/IIIIII/III/





Cr;

3?.3

s§§





 





III/III/III/IIIIII





hr]





>III/II/III.III'I/Il'I/"I/I//.//."/IIII





J. 1. CASE T. M. COMPANY, Inc., RACINE, WIS.





(2an Cars are sold through 10,000 Agents and 65 Branch Houses.





Factory Bnnohoo at Madison, Wis. Lansing, Mich. Fergus Falls, Mankato, Minneapolis and Duluth, Minn. Chicago and Peoria, Ill. Indianapolis, Ind.
You insure against fire;—

Why not against decay?





There is a small chance that

your buildings will be burned,

but there is an absolute cer-

tainty that they will decay it

you neglect to keep them

well protected by good paint.





Protection depends upon the

character of the paint you use.

Some paint permits moisture to go

through to the wood, which starts

decay and soon ruins the building.





The paint that gives complete

- protection is





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





High Standard





LIQUID ° PAINT





It adheres tightly and sets in a

tough, durable coat that resists

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Ask your local. “ High Standard ”

dealer-agent to give you Paint Infor—

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Valuable Books FREE





Have the best looking house in your

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Bent Free to readers of this magazine.

Write today.





The Lowe Brothers Company

. 499 E. Third St.. Dayton, Ohio



’ Men New York Chicago Kansas City

Lowe Bros. Ltd" Toronto. Canada





 





 





 





 





 

   

   

     

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





THE MICHIGAN FARMER I ,_





BRAMBLE HILL.



(Continued from page 162). .

blue-print of the thing before him. 'I-Ie

had learned to work with lines and fig-

ures. So, with Sid’s help, he finally com-





pleted the following rough diagram of,

in an





the farm, jotting down his facts,

effort ”to find a solution:





'(9‘S [a 3:1—





- 44.x

/: //

LEI-c i. M)





Q





U





Wit/7'7.

ALI- FFR





///





/





 





   

   

   

   





 





 





Stuff Blrds And

‘ Learn at homo to mount

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5 showing beautiful mounted birds an ani-

mlfl- Monarch School oi‘ Taxldormy

-- 51 Monarch Bldg.. Omaha. Nebr





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





is operatemwith one hand—gives an instantaneous

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Ev iryone wants one Write'quick for wholesale

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00., 42 Hudson Street. New York City.





 





ANTED FOR U. S. ARMY—Able-bodied. un-



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habits. who can speak. read and write the English

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Oificer 212 Griswold Street. Detrmt, Mich. Heaven.

rich Block. Saginaw. Mich. lst and Saginaw Streets.

Flint, Mioh.. 144 West Main Street. Jackson. Mich"

Huron & Quay Streets. Port Huron. Michigan.





HHTED’RWW‘W Ma” Clerks- Men! needed rm-

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VERNMENT positions pay big money. Get

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man. Address F. G. HAOKE



[In mst‘l for one of remaining free copies of

: "W enFarmingis Foolish."BoilsIn-

mutation Bure'hu. FortDearborn Bldg, Chicago.

\ ‘ Mention, the Michigan Farmer





—TO WORK ON FARM. _One

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w ‘ iting to advertisers.





 

 





A week later Sidney Edgeworth strode

up the path to the Wattles cottage and

rapped on the open door.



“I just came over to say good-bye,” he

exclaimed. thrusting out his hand to Je-

rusha. who answered his knock.



“Good-bye? What do you mean?”



He smiled too broadly. His voice

sounded unnatural from the very force

he exerted to make it seem the same as

always. “I'm going back to New York

with Jimmie,” he said, certain that Je-

rusha could have no idea that his throat

was dry, and that there seemed to be an

obstruction in it.



He entered the little living-room which





 





 





Jerusha had transformed in the short

time she had been home. “VVhere’s

\Vatts?" he asked, looking around. “I





hate to say good—bye to him most of all.”



“lie hasn’t come home from town yet.

But, Sidney, what has decided you upon

going back to New York? Has anything

come up that I haven't heard of? Is it

the railroad? I’ve been so busy in the

house ever since I came back I’m afraid

you’ll think I haven’t been the friend you

expected, but I owe so much to Watts,





 





you know.”



“I know,” answered Sid, his tone

husky, his smile nervous. “I’ve just lost

out in Turtle Creek. That’s all. It’s

easy to say now, I’ve repeated it a bun-

dred times a day to myself during the

past month. l’ln used to it now. I’ve

been here about two years. The first

half of my football game with that will

has been played. The railroad has called

time, and I’m so badly beaten I'm not

going~ back to the field.”



“Not it very sportsmanlike viewpoint,”

she suggested, with an anxious frown.



“I don’t know,” answered Sid slowly.

“I've never played football, but I've been

on the side-lines a good deal and it

seems to me that sometimes if the beaten

team were withdrawn after the first dis-

astrous half it would be the most hu-

mane, if not sportsmanlike, thing that

could be done." » '



“But you’re not as badly beaten as

that?”



“Yes, even worse. I’m the standing

joke of the county already, and 'while I

don’t think they’d tar and feather me

and ride me out of town on a rail, I know





 





 





they’d make it as disagreeable as pos-J





 





Bible. My standing is already so uncer-





.‘.

l





tain that even Late Turner feels licensed

to criticise my actions.‘ Anyway. I don't

care to stay and be looked upon as a

mere fortune hunter. Nothing more nor

less. That’s what I would be anyway,

now.”



“But something may turn up. I

wouldn't go back to New York if I were





   

 

 

 

 





Jim’s Hastily Dnawn Map of Edgeworth Farm.





you,” Jerusha said slowly, thoughtfully,

fixing him with a steady gaze. “New

York is the worst place in the world for

a man to go after he has pronounced

himself a failure. New York is the place

for the successful man.”



“I know,” Sid laughed uneasily. “I

know it will be hard. But’ it’s dead easy

to go back and get work with Jimmie’s

father at tWenty dollars a week, com-

pared to staying here two years, hoping

for a chance to marry Susan Dunlap—-

and that’s what I would be doing.”



“But you know the easiest path is the

one to avoid.”



“I’m afraid I’ve already side-stepped

too many rough ones to be able to follow

a rugged road. I wasn’t built along those

lines, you know.”



“Oh, yes. you were. You haven’t found

yourself yet, that's all,” cried Jerusha

confidently, gazing up into his eyes ear-

nestly. “I found myself last year. I

knOW'what it is like to be sure of one’s

self. That’s all you lack—self—assurance.

But you elln‘get it. You will get it.”



“How? There’s no chance to fight.”

Sid flushed uneasily. “I have been on the

thing for nearly a year now. Jimmie has

a more practical mind than 1; I‘ve ex—

plained the whole thing to him and he’s

given it up. He says there isn’t the

shadow of a. chance, and I knew that a

month ago.”



“But Susan—”



“I don’t know. You remember when

you first came home we talked about

her.” Sid looked up and shrugged his

shoulders thoughtfully. “I didn’t know

Uhen. I don’t know now.. I haven’t any

chance to see her alone. I’m afraid I'm

not sincere enough, not man enough. or

something.”



“Oh, yes you are. What you need is

a friend. You've been alone too much.”



His big eyes, slightly sunken and pen-

ciled with slate-colored crayon by worry,

lighted up happily.



“I—I think that is one reaSOn I've sort

of lost my nerve lately," he agreed read-

ily. “I was so glad to see you. but then

you were so busy rearranging the house

you haven’t had any time for me." There

was a vague wistfulness in his tone, like

the sorrow of a small boy. “I’m so glad

to be with Jimmie again. I won’t know





what to do if I let’ him go back without

me. I don’t like to be groping about





FEB. 3, 11913;





..'........-





 





 





 





T is a mistaken

notion to suppose.

that you] must paint

your house White if

you use white lead.





 





You can have any

tint, any shade, and‘

r it lasts if you use

3 . DUTCH BOY WHITE

LEAD and Dutch Boy

I ' Linseed Oil.





Dutch Boy White Lead in steel

kegs. l?%. 25. 50 and 100le. Dutch

Boy Linseed Oil, 1 and 5 gallon

sealed cans. Ask your paint dealer.



Lotus send you "Painting Pant-ct

53." in of facts every house owner

should now about painting. Also '

Handy Book on Painting full of

information for the man on the

farm. We will include our catalogue

of 100 beautiful stencils for walls..





NATIONAL LEAD

COMPANY





New York Boston Bufialo

Chicago . Cincinnati Cleveland

San Francisco St. Louis





(John 1‘. Lewis a. Bros. Co.. Philadelphia)

(National Lead 0. Oil Co.. Pittsburgh)





 





 





 





 





 





Shirle President -

5% Susll'ienders fij





Guarantee on elatc h' pair





They’re so Comfortable





JUST the suspenders you’ve! been

wanting—because ,





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Wear a pair for a month. If you don’t like

them. we will buy them back at price you paid.

Made in Light and Medium Weights. Extra

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Prlco 50 cents everywhere





The C. A. Edgarton Mfg. Co.





, Shirley Guaranteed Suspenders

50i Main Street Shirley, Mass.





   

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 





 





 





 





Veterinary Course at Home

s $1500AYEA





and upwar s‘

can be nfade by taking

our Veterinary course

at home during 3 are





 





 





1- 0 ~ ‘ ‘ fee-mm a ”1"”



‘ 1:. ~ -. ‘ es rig is . puma



‘ ‘**\\" 5:» "‘W R granted. Graduatesas-



Pr. 8. H. Baldwin writes: Slated in getting long.



I took the course for my tions or podtions. Cost ‘

own benefit on the farm. within reach of all. i

but the success I had Satisfactionguaranteed.1

me in practice and wait: m ouncuunl





now! amgoinznilhtand m , V 2





day. Yourcourse has been





 

   





 





have: anytime??? mm were; cm ’





 





i

l.
{i

l.





 





 





FEB.





 





swing over-the snow banks or other ob-

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your time is worth more for something else.

Every part of the Peerless is





Heavily Galvanized





A rust-proof cost, no paint to wash and



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Ask your dealers to show you a sample





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9 Wire filling and a double





 





or send for our 7‘ page Fence and Gate

catalogue.





Peerless Wire

Fence Co.





 





 





 





KIISELMAN meg





(”W'“ '-'—~“"‘—1 We make on

\GQt It From the same pyrice





we Would make





   





 

 

 

   

 

 





 





A.

‘3‘.be Faptory the Dealer or

Mimirect £101.31“. That

, ‘ "~‘ * sw we can

K‘\ ‘ "L - saveygumoney.

‘ it» Look at these





very low prices.





14 cENTS A ROD

for 26-in. hog fence.

23.546. a rod for 49-in. farm fence.

25560 a red for 60-in. poultry fence.

—..____ $1.55 for 80 rod spool of Ideal

Barbed Wire. Large free Catalo showing 100

styles of Farm, Poultry and own Fence.





KITSELMAN BROS. Box 278 Munoland.





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





Try thisgaivanized oilyuetable farm gate 60





days before buying it. o deposit. no pa ment

on I 5011 6:3 you want to bu the ate. Send or our

Free so 0 er Cord and big rm to Book. Address





IOWA OA'I'I CO: ‘ 57th St. Cedar Fallsi Iowa





 





 

 





(n—‘r—yi





   





{





   

 





 





///

141’. L!

141/!)



1511'"

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75





 

 





cal/A .4

./ :/.





 

 





Vt.





f.“





l Strongest, most durable made. Basic

open hearth Wire. Double galvanized. 3.

Compare our quahty and prices With others. .

_ RABSQAIN PRICES—DIRECT Iron FACTORY V

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We pay freight anywhererWrite now / RITE‘

‘, (or free ienee book end sample to test ' w



, THE BROWN FENCE I: WIRE 00.

Dept. ~i‘d Cleveland. Ohio





   





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National Wrapper and Splicer For Farm-

ers—Fence Builders—Linemen.

A A machine made tool





consisting of three distinct

0N DE R





machined parts. accurate-

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revolves and makes the

wrap or splice. Works any

where and in any piano.

Send 76c money order and

we will sendzyou one. parcel

post. A big proposition for

agents. Write] ted-y.

NATIONAL IMPORTING COMPANY,

Dept. 1).. - - - J ackson. Michigan.





Smouetsfituct Mint





FRO" FACTORY DIRECT To FARM

26-inch Hog Fence,----14c.

41-inch Fem Fence,-_-21c.

48-inch Poultry Fence--22’;§c.

80-rod epoolBerb Wire, $1.55





Many styles and heights. Our large Free Comics

contains fence information you should have.





new SPRING FENCE CO. Box 21 Winchester, Ind.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





l'l'l't





 





 





 





 





‘BEDAR FENCE POSTS





, Delivered your station in car lots. 'Writo

W, H. STARK. Rose City, Mich.

mi ' Am or womsn.ell or spare time. toeeonre

' n minut'o'z‘u eoi>°ia¥ivh€§§l°23ul§ionm

. o . . r .

“on. ‘ address I. I.II.VA.5 lnflsnmilulndlgm





 





 





 





       





THE-MICHIGAN 'FARMER





alone all the time. That’s why I’m going

with him. I want to be back with Jim

ahd Deodle and the other fellows. I want

to churn around with Doodle and—”

“Oh,” Jerusha, cried, “I don’t think

Doodle would do you any good; he's too

lazy. What you need is a spur, someone

to force you on, to give you impetus. You

Will manage about the rest of it' if some-

one will only give you a shove to get you





started. Doodle wouldn’t be at all good

for you."

“Yes, you're right,” cried Sid. “You





talk almost as if you knew' Doodle your-

self."



“I know his type. I’ve met many like

him in 'New York," she hastily tried to

cover her traces. “Yet Doodle is different

from them.”



“Why, you’re talking again just as if

you knew him.”



Jerusha bit her lip alld flushed slightly.

She had been too much in earnest. “I

do. You have talked so much about him,

I’m sure I should know him if I met him

anywhere,” she answered lightly, smiling

t'o herself at the exactneSS with which

the truth fitted her need.



“Oh, you’d like- Doodle.

bad. He’s—”



“That’s just





He isn't half





the trouble. I do like

him,” she cried. “But I don’t think he’d

be a good influence for you. Come, now,

tell me all about this railroad business.

I’ve thought about it some myself.”



“Wait! I‘ll show you; my explanations

always seem to be so hazy. A practical

demonstration is always best. W'ill you

walk to the scene of devastation and see

with your own eyes the fertile fields laid

waste by the enemy? Watts won’t be

back before we return.”



“All right," she answered, skipping

through the door at his suggestion and

waiting for him on the stoop without.



“Say, you‘re horribly rapid about do-

ing things.” remarked Sid, as he- pushed

open the door for himself fully half a

minute later and joined her. “I don’t

see where you get all your impetus.”



As they sauntered through the Edge-

worth estate Sid pointed out the fertile

Valley, bounded by Bramble Hill on the

one side and rocky limestone- stieeps on

the other, past Turtle Creek. Half of

the entire vullcy would be sacrificed to





the railroad. It was all land under cul-

tivation; even the season’s crops, and

therefore the season’s rents, would be





lost. They walked the mile to Where theI

construction gang was laying track, fol-’

lowing a path which ran between Turtle.‘

Creek and the right of way. Rich, loamy

fields lay on both sides; beyond the creek

was stony, and therefore useless, ground.





“You can see for yourself what the loss}

will mean,” said Sid. “It's half the till-‘

able land we have; the strip is about a

mile and a. half long. The farm won’t,

pay over a. thousand dollars a your now,§

and that will hardly cover expenses.”





Jerusha. seemed strangely thoughtful.

She did not answer him but nodded her

head occasionally in an absent manner as

he presented some new detail of the dim-

cult situation. She suddenly crossed to

Bramble Hill, climbed to a jut of rock

where a good View of the valley was to

be had. with Turtle Creek winding

through at the outer edge and running off

into the grove behind the C(lgeworth

house. She seemed to be sizing up the

situation critically.



“What are you thinking of?" asked

Sid, perplexed, as Jerusha inhaled a quick

breath and looked sharply, up Turtle Creek

to where it ran almost parallel with and

only a hundred yards from the railroad

track that had already been laid into the

farm.



She didn’t answer.





“You look like the Sphinx. All wisdom





and no speech,” Sid went on, watching

her nervously. “A penny for your

thoughts.”





“I hope they’ll be worth a trifle more

than that," She cried, jumping down from

where she had been sitting on the crag.

Her eyes were snapping. She caught

Sid’s arm in the old fraternal way of

the days before she had left Turtle Creek.



“Go and get your friend Jim. Bring

him here! I want to talk with him,” she

commanded in a breath.



“He’s at the house. We’ll stop and see

him as we stroll back.”





“No!”. she cried. “Go now! And don’t

stroll. You’ll find. me near here when

you come back. Hurry!”





(Continued next week).





 





if you’re pretending

I wish you'd run





Mother—“Tommy,

to be an automobile,





over to the store and get me some but-

ter.”

Tommy—“I'm awful sorry, mother, but)





'\





 





I’m all out of gasoline? ..





       





 





 





 





Wo'uld a Sure

and Steady Income

Interest You ?





Would you be willing to work hard for a few years to have it?





You liavc read of the splendid apple crops of the Pecos Valley

of New Mexico and Texas. You have seen reports of the large

profits. You know the results that can be secured by intelligent

effort. You know these things, but have you ever sat down to

analyze the advantages offered by the Pecos Valley?





Do you realize that most of the apples used in Texas come

from this valley? Do you know that there are 4,000,000 people

in Texas, all apple-hungry and willing to pay well for good fruit?

Do you know that the Pecos has the nearest apple orchards?





Do you know that the Pecos Valley has a particularly favor-

able climate and soil for apple-growing? It is the nearest apple-

growing country, and other apple sections are practically shut out

of Texas by the long hauls and expense of transportation.





Do you know that the Pecos Valley has numerous irrigation

projects, also artesian wells and abundant underground water,

easily available by pumps?





The rich soil of the Pecos Valley responds generously and

quickly to irrigation. The splendid climate and abundant sun-

shine put color and flavor into all crops.





not using the little foresight, energy and

hard Work that will ultimately make you

the possessor of an irrigated apple orchard

in the Pecos Valley and all the prosperity

that means?





You are not dependent on apples, alone;

sweet potatoes, cantaloupcs, pears and

peaches are good money-makers, and truck

farming pays well, too, but next after up-

plcs comes alfalfa. Tho bright, pcu-grccn

alfalfa of tho l’ccos Valley is in special

demand and is an easy and profitable crop

to grow while the orchard is developing.





You will find there now—good schools,

good roads and many thriving“ little cities

more enterprising and better consumers than





 





 





ll.- .





 





Do you know that splendid land, ready

for the plow, with water developed, can be

bought for $75 an acre and up, on long

time, with low interest?



Arc you willing to lot this opportunity

slip by you? Is there any good reason for





larger communities in older sections. You’ll

got :1 llcurty welcome and won’t be lone-

some, because orchard homes make close

neighbors and the resulting social activity

due to common interests.





Write for Pecos Valley folder —~it’s free—and get the whole story.

C. L. Seagravcs, General Colonization Agent,

Atcliison', Topeka & Santa Fe Railway,

2295 Railway Exchange, Chicago





I will





N. B.——Homeseekers' Excursions are run twice a month.

be glad to tell you about the trains and fares.





 





 





 





IE





, ALL the Com-ALL the Profit





You are not getting ALL the profit from your cornfield

unless you have a corn binder.





And the binder you should have—for perfect work on bot-

tom, hill and level; the machine that gets ALL the corn—is





The Johnston Corn Binder





The Corn Binder that HAS NO PACKERS to knock off ears. Light

draft, strong as steel, convenient and adjustable. That’s why owners say:





“Certainly! Buy a Johnston”





Fully described and illustrated

, in the JOHNSTON 1913 CATA-

-LOG-—n0w ready. Every

farmer should send for a copy

,, —full of valuable implement

. information. F REE.





THE JOHNSTON

_HARVESTER co.





 

 

 

 

 

   





all!"lllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





it; Box 165 -c

~.. . ,V . ~ ' - x. ,. L____' 1 , > » __ u

filial kw?» 7:41:21. , J» ‘ Bltovsn New York

llllllllllllllllllllIllllllll||l|llllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll _

o

I I . I . I ' . I I

v





. Cost only one-third as much as ordinary iron, wire or gas pipe

gates, but last twice as long. Neat in appearance—best and strongest gate



made—light, easy to handle. opens both ways. Boards are double bolted



between eight min Steel uprights and double truss braces. guaranteed new to sag.





o. ’ filmmanAllWoodGetes—LastS‘rhesasung '

n t: at f ' h d l to tnh . ' t th

include evemfififigsfisbléirm&e nggselfggc ig‘nginnce ngumms-fl'in‘frggiccgd





noes make gates extra strongn





Improved Elevating Attachment permit-ti: ee to be i f length

(mm can pass under. no etfi‘ewing “$331.31 ‘





fl______vinV.Bowe.Pree. 5 to 80 inches. so small stock

20 Days Free Trial and





5 Year Guarantee ‘

Catalog shows both complete Gates

will? “Signsd for is: iiow umocagilbfigod 2'

eodm’ mu nndlro'uht promo? 0}". '

AMI! V. Rollo. Pros.

ROWE HANWACTURINC CO.

665 “one It" Onto-burs. Ill.





J





 





 





 





 





 





 





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Po Pneflhflitnehsg; Work-'

ng pn lo the It rides



at steel. The stock is finely polished walnut. Shoots smell gfme. Power-



ful, accurate, durable. You can have this air rifle for distributing only 8 of our M '\



uliin art lotnree at 25 cents on our specie! ofier. Everybody will take one.



IT 03 8. YOU NOTHING to try. as we take back those you con'tdkpou



Bend no money. just your name and eddreu. M. 0. SEITZ. p 82,





 

   

   

 





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llama _ an?)





 





 





 





 





 





 





—





4





Her ' cede





At ‘ Home and Elnewl’) ere





 





 





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The Old Is r"Not Always Bad.





RE we so much wiser than our

A fathers and mothers? To read the



numerous articles published now-

adays attacking the schools we attended

and the methods our parents used in

bringing us up we can only arrive at the

conclusion that we are all improperly

trained, warped mentally, physically and

morally and only awaiting the right

temptation to shove us into the criminal

class. The educational system that did

for the past generation, this generation

of instructors and savants, tell us, is

about the worst ever, and calculated to

all but the very strongest of our





ruin



boys and girls. Our parents, too, knew

nothing about Froebel and Montessori

and the. other child culturists. They





made no study of children’s idiosyncra-

sies, individuality I believe it is called,

but stubbornly insisted on obedience. If

we follow those methods we will crush

our children's individuality and hinder

them from becoming desirable citizens.

Our parents’ methods were bad. not to

say criminal, and if carried out can only

produce- dire results.



Yet when we look about us we see a

large number of sane, normal, clean-

minded, law—abiding citizens all reared

under the methods which are- now con—

demned. They seem to have fairly good

educations, received under that school

system we now learn is so lame and one-

sided that the average child gets abso-

lutely nothing out of it.

have, a fair share of individuality, too,

and strangest of all, they do not hate

the parents who flogged them when they

needed it, and otherwise kept them in

the straight and narrow path even when





it conflicted with their notions of ex-

pressing their own individuality. The old

ways did produce good citizens, in sipte





of modern traducers.



It always seems strange to me that

gOOd men and good women are. so ready

to condemn utterly the methods which

were used to train them up in the way

they should go. iranted there were some

ilaws in the old system. it: couldn’t have

been entirely bad or it would not have

produced so many really fine men and

women. To hear many of the modernists

talk you would think they were in the

position of Elijah, “I, even I, alone am

left.” they succeeded in growing up good

in spite of the bad system only because

of direct intervention of Providence.



Admitted that thefsclhools of a quarter

of a century ago had their faults. The

children at least could spell and do simple

sums when they finished. \Ve hadn’t an

easy time of it, I’ll admit. but we learn—

cd some things that stayed by us. I

remember one, bright, sunny day of writ-

ing 500 times on the blackboard, “7X7:

49.” because i missed that when the

grim-faced Scotchman who taught us or-

dered me to say “my sevens.” it wasn’t

pleasant, I'll admit. but if I were in a

delirium and you asked me how much

7X7 equaled I could tell you. Today my

neice of 12 summers looks me sweetly in

the face and tells me there are six threes

in 12 and that 9X2 equals 14, and when

I sav things about modern schools she

tells me that they don’t learn the. mul-

tiplication table any more, it iSn’t nec-

essary.



My neighbor’s seven-year-old daughter

who started to school in September could

read whole pages from “her book” in

eight‘weeks. But show

words in another book and she- wasn’t

acquainted with them. It took us a year

or so to learn to read, but we knew the

words when we finally could read, and

whenever we saw them they were old

friends.



I remember, too, that our mothers

Weren’t strictly up to date about allowing

dust} freedom of choice and the privilege of

exercising our own judgment and devel-

oping our individuality and other things

“Which are, now essential to the perfect





They seem t0'





her the same.





development of the child. They did not

always sit down and tell us “why” every

time we asked it. There may have been

some excuse for them, usually there were

five or six children and the mothers had

most of the work to do alone, so they

sort of acquired the habit of laying down

laws and seeing that they were obeyed,

and of saying yes or no to requests with-

out bothering to explain. This, we are

told, was all wrong and a crime against

the. child. But our mothers succeeded in

some ways where we modern mothers

fail. They taught us obedience. respect

for our elders and reverence for religion,

and in these things the modern child is

sadly lacking. Perhaps it was fear which

kept us good, and fear, we are told, 'must

be banished from our child's vocabulary.

But it seems to me it is better to have

well-behaved children, even if it is fear

that makes them so, than to afflict the

neighborhood with disrespectful savages

who have been brought under with the

self-governing idea.



Undoubtedly there- was much that was

bad in the old ways, no system is per-

fect. But before we condemn it utterly,

let us see if there are not a few good

things about it, which we wise mothers

of 1913 would do well to copy.



DEBORAH.





u_.____~__—_____





PIN CUSHIION IN PUNCHED EM-

BROIDERY.





 





BY MAE Y. MAHAF'FY.





I’NCHED work has come to the

P fore so rapidly among ‘embroiderers



that everyone who attempts fancy

needlework is endeavoring to master its

details if they have not already done so.

And this is by no means difficult, for the

work really consists in simply separately

the fabric threads with an extra large

needle, and then binding them in this

position with fine thread, as compared

with the therads of the material and the

size of the little blocks. It greatly re-

sembles a square-meshed drawn work,

but no threads are withdrawn. It is used

for the design itself, if it is sufficiently

large, but more often for background

work merely. For small pieces, such as

the pin cushion shown, the entire back-

ground is worked in the punched em:

hroidery, but for large pieces where this





 





Pansy Design in Punched Work.



is considered too great an undertaking

medallion-like figures of the punched

work serve. as backgrounds for smaller

floral designs in solid or other embroid-

ery. Or, bands, regular or irregular, are

used to give the light, lacy touch of the

punched work to the heavier looking solid

embroidery.



The background fabric should be op-

en-meshed, or loosely woven, like voile,

Scrim, etc., to attain results in the most

satisfactory manner. The' thread used to

bind the material may be a fine cotton,

but as it will receiVe considerable wear in

drawing it snugly to insure the open

spaces,

linen for this part of the work. What-

ever other embroidery is combined with





it really is best to use a. fine.





31% - I)





the punched work may be done in the

usual soft cotton flosses.



A small sample of the finished work is

illustrated, as well as drawings showing

the mode of procedure.





stamped with small dots at regular inter-

vals, usually about a quarter of an inch

apart unless the material is very coarse,

when the distance may be

greater.

on the wrong side

needle,





somewhat

The binding thread is fastened

with an ordinary





and then threaded into a very





 





 





 





"We”. a I ”gagié.

coarse one, preferably a sailmaker’s





needle, with which the threads are sepa-

rated. Some workers prefer to carry the

thread in the- ordinary sized needle. and

use an extra one for punching the holes,

but a majority can accomplish results

more speedily by using the large one for

all the work.



Bring the needle up at the edge of the

second row of dots, marked 5 in the small

cut, crowding the fabric threads well

apart, but being careful to break none.

Insert the needle at 1, drawing the thread

snugly but not puckering the goods. The

method of work very naturally causes a

shrinkage, so that this point must be

carefully watched. Now bring the needle

up again at 5 and put it down again at

1; then bring it up at 6, put it down at

2, and repeat, proceeding to 7 and 3, etc.

Thus the material is bound twice between





I 1 J 4:





 





707)]; (1





every pair of dots, the dots being con-

verted into holes. After the binding has

been carried across the material in par-

allel rows in one direction throughout,

the work is turned and the same process

followed at right angles, so that the en-

tire background is conVerted into small

squares with a hole for each corner and





 





 





the double binding forming the sides.





(See the other small cut, as well as the

finished sampler). “'hen completed the

work should be laid face down on flannel

and ironed well under a dampened cloth.



It is not necessary to always work the

remainder of designs in solid embroidery.

The edges touching the punched work

may be outlined heavily, either in outline

stitch or rows of solid work, while cen-

tral features, such as mid-ribs, veins,

hearts, etc., may be outlined less heavily.

In the pansy design shown, if it is desir-

ed to cut the linen away around the pan-

sies they should be buttonholed in long

and short stitch, but if material is to be

left for hemming or fringing, heavy out-

lining will answer. In either case the

centers should be worked solid and the

markings outlined. All white, or colors

may be used.





FARM LIVERY.





 





BY HILDA RICHMOND.



TO exercise the idle horses on his

father’s farm, to make some mon-

ey during the dull season of the



year and also to get a start in business,



a young man less than 20 years old suc-



cessfully started a. sort of farm livery



stable some years ago. ’A real estate

man in the town four or five miles away

was getting too old to take prospective

purchasers about the country‘ in cold“

weather, so he hired the young man as

his assistant at $5.00 per day for a, horse

and conveyance. However,-he did not.





The material is _





pay that amount simply for the horse

and vehicle, but required that the young

fellow post himself thoroughly on rents,

taxes, land values, crops, cost of labor,

seed, fertilizer and all the other items of

interest to his patrons. While the farm

livery furnished the basis of the busi-

ness, brains were also a large item in

the success, for the old gentleman could

have hired a mere driver for less.





As he was not occupied every day in

the real estate business the young man

solicited patronage in other directions

during the winter and spring months.

With the family driving mare, sure and

steady, he took timid old ladies to funer-

als and parties and on shopping expedi-

tions, but‘ with the spirited young ani-

mals of the farm he- did livery service

for sleighing parties and hunting expedi-

tions. It Was a little hard sometimes to

sit out in the cold all day or tramp over

snowy fields showing off farms, and in

the evening with another team to drive

ten or twelve miles in the cold, but pro—

tected with furs and well wrapped

against 'the cold, he put in a very suc-

cessful winter and his health was never

better. It.did not often happen that he

was out all day and half the night, for

there were stormy days and days too

cold to go out at' all, but on the whole

he missed few days that winter. The

horses wintered better than they ever

had in idleness and really the winter was

more profitable than the summer. I’Vith

the coming of spring the activities in the

real estate business ceased very sud-

denly, and after a brief breathing spell

horses and driver were at work in "the

fields. '



Aside from the money he made by

driving, the young man and his father

also picked up many bargains in live

stock during that winter, the profits of

which were shared equally. Being out

every day the young man had a chance

to find many animals that could easily

be fed up and cared for until they could

be sold for much more than their pres-

ent value, so in every Way the farm liv-

ery was successful. Even} where there

are no real estate men needing assistants

there are always elderly people afraid to

drive who are, eager to hire a safe driv-

er. There is little expense in keeping the

horses above the ordinary winter feed,

and the exercise is good for them, so

there ought to, be a great many more

young men in this business all over the

land in winter time.



HOME QUERIES.



Household Edit‘or:——Having read your

paper for several years and noticed late-

ly that you had different crochet pat-





terns, I thought I would send you apat-

tern of an edge crochet around a hand-

kerchief which is very simple and neat

and still requires but little work com-

pared with hemstitching or embroidering.





 





Take linen the size you wish, usually 12x

12 in.. draw two threads about a quarter

inch from edge and crochet six to eight

short stitches, then three chains and so

on. A soft cotton is taken,

make them in different colors.

is used quite frequently. The tie CFO-

cheted in Irish, with velvet pulled

through,. published some weeks ago, I

have made quite a number of them. I

also have a Dutch collar and cuff set

with novelty braid crocheted in, several

doilies, and a, jabot with it and a rose

crochet in each‘cir’cle of braid, and the

Irish crochet hand bags. but do not know

how to describe them So you would un-

derstand. I would enjoy seeing diam-ent





Lavender





and some ,
FEB. 8, 1913.





"crochet patterns from others—M. C. 'S.,>

Saginaw, W. S. g .

Household Editorz—Will some of the

readers tell me howvto remove finger

marks from furniture? Also give some

suggestions for paperilng a living-room

.which is 14x12. ft., height to the ceiling

8 ft. The woodworkis painted, a deep

lilac. I thought of using two kinds of

paper, a. dark brown for the lower part

and something lighter in color for the

upper part of the side wall. How would

a light paper with a faint tint of pink do

for upper part of side wall and would

the ceiling need to be different or could

it be the same as the light paper on Side

wall? Would there need to be a bor-

der?—Mrs. J. D. M., Hastings, Mich.





The best way to remove finger marks

from furniture is to wipe the furniture

carefully with a clean chamois skin

wrung out of warm water. This method

is used by leading piano houses. and

gives better satisfaction than furniture

polish. As your ceilings are so low I

would not use two colors on the side

wall. Run the paper clear to the ceiling

withoutborder, and if the picture mold-

ing is not at the ceiling have it moved

up. Dividing the wall space takes off

from the effect of height. I do not be-

lieve you would like dark brown with

deep lilac. Take a lesson from nature,

who uses a light green with lilac. A

light green and cream or white striped

paper w0uld be better with the wood-

work, I believe, and the stripes would

further add to the height of the room.

1 would use a white or cream moire pa-

per on the ceiling.





\





WINTER EVENING PASTIMES.





 





 





BY HELEN H. CROOKER.





The hostess who plans a social evening

for a group of friends is always confront—

ed with the necessity of providing enter-

tainment for them. Usually it is more

difficult to think of something unique and

novel of this kind than it is to plan a,

dainty and attractive menu. Most of us

recall the “guessing contests" of various

kinds which unresourceful hostesses re-

sort 40. Thus when it comes our turn to

entertain we resolve that our guests shall

have occasion to remember the evening

with pleasure because of its being

“something different” from the usual so-

cial gathering.



For an evening's entertainment where

most of those present are “grown ups”

nothing is productive of more amusement

than the following: Everyone who at-

tends is given a card bearing the name

of. some well-known Species of apple,

such as ABaldwin, Ben Davis, Northern

Spy, Russet, etc. Let there be half a

dozen cards bearing the same name, and

on one card of each set place the word

“Leader.” After the company has as-

sembled, the first thing to be done is for

each leader to seek out the rest of his

party and make them acquainted with

one another. This will cause these pres-

ent to congregate in groups, after which

they are informed that each group must

compose a poem of not less than four

lines exploiting the good points of their

particular apple. Allow plenty of time

for this and when finished give all the

poems into the hands of a committee of

judges, which will award first, second and

third prizes.



.Before the prizes are announced one

of the judges should read all the poems

that do not receiVe a prize. The winner

of- the first prize should- they be an-

nounced ‘and the group responsible-for

the winning poem made to starld‘in a

line before the judges.





standing before the judges should be sol-

emnly sworn and asked individually

“'fhether they are. guilty of such an ef-

fort. Sentence is then passed upon them.

This consists of eatling a very large ap-

ple pie- while standing before. the as-

sembled company. The pie is divided

equally among the members of the group.

The awarding of second and third prize

should be made in the same way, with

the exception that the second prize pie





should be ‘Very much smaller and the-





third prize should consist of crush only

Wand no fruit. Then should follow re-

freshments for everyone, in which the

“apple idea” may be carried out in some

way or other.



For an evening’s entertainment of

young people the game of parlor. mar-

bles will prove both unique and interest-

ing. The hostess will provide 18 small

marbles and a “receiving bag” for every

four guests, also tally cards for first and

second cOuples in “Group I.” “Group II.”

etc. The receiving bags can be made at

home: - They are best constructed of

white Cloth just large enough to easily





'admit one’s hand (say five inches across





and four inches deep), and are mounted





 





After the poem thickness of wet excelsior, packed down

has been read, the members 0f the group ‘ as hard as you can pack it. Smooth the





     





a





on a ring of heavy telephone wire. which

in turn should be fastened to a short

piece of broom stick.



After the guests have drawn their tally

cards and have arranged their chairs in.

groups of four, distribute the bags, one

to each group, making sure- that each bag

contains 18 marbles. In playing the

game, one person takes the receiving bag

while the 18 marbles are divided equally

among the other three mmbers of the

group. The person with the bag shuts

his eyes 'while each of the other three

divide the six marbles in their possession

between their two hands in any way

that .they choose. They may put them

all in one hand or two in one hand and

four in the other, or make any other ar-

rangement desired. Then with each of

the three holding both their hands in

front of them, tightly closed and backs

upward, the one who has the bag holds

it by turn under one hand of each of the

three. These must let drop into the bag

the marbles in that particular hand. The

total number of marbles in the bag

when this is done chStitutes the score

of this individual and his partner oppo-

site. The marbles held in the hands of

the other three comprise the score of his

opponents. The bag is paSsed twice

around the circle and the total scores de—

termine which couple has won the game.

\Vinning couples move to the next table

and change partners.



If Drizes are given it is well that they

should be simple and appropriate, A large

glass marble fastened in a. close network

of baby ribbon so that it may be hung

on the wall with other souvenirs makes

a good prize for the winner. A little cloth

marble bag labelled “To the loser belongs

the bag," and containing a solitary

“commey,” makes a suitable prize for

the one who makes the smallest score.





Another pleasant winter evening enter-

tainment is a mid—winter picnic—to which

the guests are invited to come wearing

straw hats and summer clothes. If pos-

sible a hammock should be hung in one

of the rooms. A grate fire with plenty

of pine knots may serve as a camp fire-—

the guests sitting around it on the floor.

All other lights should be. turned out

while camp stories are told. If it is de-

sired earlier in the evening to have a few

games, have several tables arranged with

fish ponds, indoor base ball. etc. When.

serving refreshments give each young,l

woman a small basket filled with picnic:

lunch. Place a number on the handle of

each basket and distribute similar num-§

bers to-the young men present. Let them 5

find their partners and then spread the;

tablecloth on the floor, unpack the lunch?

baskets and serve "picnic style." Paper

plates and napkins shOuld be supplied,

and in every way possible the idea of

a mid-summer picnic lunch should bel

carried out. » '





A TWENTY-CENT FIRELESS COOKER.





.__.__





BY H. C. KEGLEY.





 





There are many women who want a

fireless cooker, but who cannot afford to;

buy it. However, if they knew how eas-F

lly they could make a tireless cooker they:

would not be without one.

less cooker works upon the principle: of!

the conservation of heat. and anyone who

can conserve heat economically can own

a tireless cooker. . >



Take a candy bucket, line it with as-

bestos tacked fast to the wood. Fill the

bottom of the bucket with a five-inch'





top side of the pack with a flat piece of

wood. Then take-a flat-bottomed kettle

‘or a 'big step pan, place it upon the ex-

celsior, and pack wet excelsior solidly

all around it. Pack the excelsior around

the container until it reaches up to the

top of it. Then set the candy pail out

in the sun and let the excelsior dry thor-

oughly.



\Vhen the excelsior has dried you can

then remove-the Vessel from the center

of the bucket, and you will find that it

had moulded a neat little nest there.

Take a flour sack, stuff it with wet ex—

celsior, and shape it to fill the top of the

pail, leaving room for the lid. Then let

the top packing dry thoroughly. W'hen

you haVe finished your work you will

have a very serviceable fireless cooker.

Start a. dish of food to cooking, then re.-

move it to the excelsior affair and let it





”THE MICHIGAN FARMER





l

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i





l

1





 





 





As the fire— i i





l

l

l

y

l

l

l





   





 





 





Use Big Ben All Day Long,





can use him to tell the right time by.

He stands seven inches tall and his

great big open face can be seen dis-

tinctly across the largest room.





Big Ben is triple nickel-plated and

wears an inner vest of steel that in-

sures him for life. His big, bold fig-

ures and hands are easy to read in

the dim morning light. His large.

comfortable keys almost wind them-

selves. He rings five minutes steadi-

ly or ten intermittently. If he is oiled

every other year, there is no telling

how long he will last.





He’s sold by 18,000 watchmakers.

His price is $2.50 anywhere in the

States, $3 anywhere in Canada. If

you can’t find him at your jeweler’s.

a money order mailed to Westclox.

La Salle, Illinois, will send him

anywhere you say. express charges

prepaid.





Big Ben not only gets you up on

time every morning. but he serves

the whole family all day long as a

reliable clock to tell the right time

by.



He’s reallytwo good clocks in one—

a crackerjack of a time-keeper—a

crackerjack of an alarm.



He can ringr you up in the morning

just when you want, and either way

you want—five straight minutes or

every other half minute for all of

ten minutes.



If you’re a light sleeper, turn on

the half minute taps' before you go

to bed. If you sleep heavily. set the

five~minute call and you can slumber

then without the get-up worry on

your mind.



Then when you‘re up and doing,

carry Big Ben downstairs into the

living room so that the whole family





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





in Mississippi and

Louisiana. It is the

land of Opportunity

, today. And you are

l ,_ not compelled to accept

anyone’s word for it.

Statistics Show that in ten

, . years the corn crop has in-

creased from 49 millions to 124

million bushels. In the same

period the money on deposit in

the banks in these states increased

from 51 millions to 145 million dollars.





’ A Go South, Young Man





They raise 2 to 4 crops a year down there. You

can work out of doors the year ’round, and land will

never be as cheap as it is today.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





. Wrivfor booklet gitving full and complete information

as“: conditions and opportunitia.





 





finish cooking by shutting in all of the

heat it holds when you take it from the

stove. A very good tireless cooker can

be made for about 207 cents.



If you want a. bigger tireless cooker

make one from a. butter flrkin or the half

of a' rain-barrel. Or use two-butter firkins

if you need them.





 





 





 





 





J. C. CLAIR, Immigration Commissioner, 1. C. R. R.

Room 616 Central $tation, Illinois Central R. R. CHICAGO, ILL.





 





 





When Writing to advertisers lease state that

you saw their ad. in The ichigan Farmer:





/
Allcockis





PLASTERS





For Coughs and Colds put

one on chest and another be-

tween shoulder blades. It

breaks up the congestion (the

cause of colds) before it can

reach the lungs.





Allcock's Lotion





-—Rubs right in.





Something new and good. For

rubbing where it is inconvenient to

put a plaster. Wonderful in cases

of croup, whooping cough and all

local pains. Guaranteed to be an

A-l Liniment. Price 50¢. a bottle.

Send 5 two cent stamps for sample bottle.

ALLCOCK M’F’G CO., 274 Canal St., N. Y.





 





 





C onstipatz'on, Bilz'ousnesr, Indigestion, etc.





Brandi-ems Pills





Entirely Vegetable.





 





farmer’s





THE MICHIGAN" F'AR‘MERGIL





THE BREAD VMIXER "AN'D' KNEADER.





 





BY M. C. :8.



Bread must be made in the farm home

at least once a week. Why does the

busy housewife do this work by hand

when the price of a. few dozen eggs will

buy a machine) that ‘will knead the bread

just as thoroughly and in a fraction of

the time that a pair of hands can? No

wife would think of getting

along without a sewing machine. That

would not be economy for it would waste

too much time. But most women mix

and knead their bread by hand, thinking

it less trouble than to operate the ma-

chine.



For six years we have used one of

these little machines and never paid out

one cent for repairs. We paid two do]-

lars plus the express, on our machine.

We never spent two dollars that paid

such a big dividend in the saving of

time and labor. “’e have known com-

petent housewives to make a failure

with these machines because they didn’t

use them right. In the first place, it is

imperative to have a wrench, for the

machine can not be securely fastened to

a shelf or table by hand, neither can the

“arm” be fastened in the machine firmly

enough without a wrench. The table or

shelf must be as firm as a rock. One

woman discarded her machine because it

was pulling her kitchen cabinet to pieces.



Bread is usually made by guess—but

guess work won’t do when using a ma-

chine and this is the real reason of fail-

ure. If too much flour is added it is very

difficult to add liquid to make the bread

just right, but when this must be done

sprinkle the dough just a little and

then operate the machine a few times

and sprinkle again. If all the liquid is

added at once the dough slips around in

the machine for 'a time before it can be

made to knead again.



And it is nearly as difficult to add

flour when too much liquid is put in at

first.



“Well begun is half done,” is a true

saying when making bread with the ma-

chine. W’e always put the flour in our

machine first and then add the liquid.



Our mixer kueads the bread by com-

pression. that is, it folds the dough over

and incorporates air just as hand knead—





 





.l And

A Kolomom. G...

I'ruiit- Mark . 1 V H Stole.‘

Ro-gixlcrctl D11 QCt to you Too

Kalamazoo ranges make happy housewives——

at the big Kalamazoo catalogue that proves

aamazoo convenience—econom *hnndsome

appearance. Latest features—oven t ermometer,





as oven doors, etc. Astonishingly liberal offer.

alamazoo stoves and ranges are





Easy to Try—Easy to Buy





We give on 80 Dnye’ Free Trial—860 Doye’

Approval est. You get the absolute factory

price. You save from $5 to 840. It’s all the

some to us whether mm send all cash or make

enroll pa ments. 6 ship the day your order

comes. 6 ay freight. right to our station.

Get our bigi luau-ate book of 40 styles and

clue. of stoves. Read the 6100.000 Bank Bond

Guarantee. Ask for Catalogue No. 113 today.





KALMM‘ZOO STOVE 00., Mrs. Kalamazoo, Mich.





We Iloo nuke Furnaces and Gas Stoves. Special

Catalogue on request.





”HANGER” BIGYGLES





Have fm orted roller chains, sprockets and

edals - view Departure Coaster-Brakes and

ubs ,- l’uncture Proof Tires ,- Mghest grade

equipment and many ad Vanced features

possessed by no other wheels. Guaranteed





or 5 ears.

“(from PHIGES“”°°”°’°“

“u ., .1 are less than

3 l '. “if others ask for cheap wheels. Other reli-

.:-t "‘1‘”; able models from 012 up. A few good

. ~ .‘ Il|ocool|d-lland maohlnoo ’filtita‘l' hip

, - e s





10 DAYS’ FREE T .. ...





. :' \ ’ NOV-l. freightprepairl, an wherein U. S.

. without a cent in advance. D0 N0 BUY a bicycle

' oru pair of tires from anyone at any price until

you get our big new catalog and specialprices and (1 mar-

velous new 0 er. A postal brings everything. Write it now.

E ouster-Brake Rear W heels. lamps. part:



and sundries halfusual ces. Rider Agents

everywhere are coining money so 2 our bicycles. tires





:1 d i Write today.

33:83?) reefs“ co. DEPT. n77 cmeneo





DON’T mu! 1"" anrs





ve 08.00 to 082.00 on





 

 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 





 





 





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till. (ill‘





 

 





3A":





   

   





   

 





 





and Heaters





Why not buy the Best when you

~ . bu them at such low un-





   





ltoveto buy your winter’s

tool. Thirt days free trial





in your own ome before you

Ital toda





 





 





"Al I.

BOX.





"r6: than who have from ”0 it. tom milestogo for





thelrmalL Myplooodontolophone power-234'-

tutonedtofonoopolu. The



OAKWOOD HAIL CARRIER

Rude entirely of motel. Boll-boorlng pulleys.





ing does. To weigh the ingredients for

making bread is the most accurate meth-

od. Having no scales when we purchased

our machine we have always just meas-

ured the flour and liquid. For conven-

ience in measuring We purchased two

quart measures with the pint and half—

pint marked on them. One is always

used in the flour while the other meas-

ures the liquid.



This rule came with our machine and

we have found it a very good one. “Take

three parts flour to one of liquid, count-

ing all ingredients (potatoes, salt, sugar

and lard), liquid except the flour. “78

have found there is a difference in flour,

some kinds take a .little less than three

parts while more will be required by an-

other brand. It is only the habit of

making bread by guesswork that makes

measuring seem drudgery. In reality it

takes only a few minutes longer when

sifting flour to measure it.



Another advantage of the machine is

that any child of ten years can turn it

and make just as good bread as mother.

If the baby cries or the telephone rings

one is saved the inconvenience of hastily

washing one's hands. Bread made with

a mixer is usually baked earlier in the

day. As it requires such a few minutes

to mix the break it can be attended to

the first thing in the morning—and is

often ready to be made into loaves by

the time the busy momer could mix it

by hand. To say that the machine al-

ways makes good bread is exaggeration.

But it supplies one factor when given a

fair chance, of good bread and that is

thorough kneading.



Temperature plays an important part

in the making of good bread. Cold flour

and chilled yeast will make dark bread.

In the- winter flour should always be

warmed and care must be exercised that

it does not become chilled during the

process of raising. There is no method

of making good bread out of stale- yeast.

Fresh yeast is essential. If one has no

ice and lives sc’veral miles from town it

is almost impossible to keep compressed

yeast in good condition. Dryed yeast is

usually the mainstay of the farmer’s

wife. Fine bread is made of beer yeast,

although many.housewives have great

difficulty in keeping it in good condition.



If in doubt about the strength of dry





yeast soak in warm water in which a.





teaspoon of sugar is placed and if the

water is covered with minute bubbles in





 





Sold

do Mol- Write for book “Getting the Mall. ' '

Yam“ M In", 00.38 mm Ave. lprlnclldd. Ohio.





 





the course or an hour you may be sure





the yeast «will 'makelight, bread. But if

no bubbles, discard the yeast. Sugar ‘18

the natural food of the yeast germ and

when using yeast that is not fresh, 3.

little more sugar may be added With good

results. Salt slightly retards the action

of yeast.



Didn’t our grandmothers think there

was some witchery about yeast? And

have We‘ got-ten this theory thoroughly

out .of our minds? We will have better

success with our bread when we think of

yeast as a plant, for that is just what

it is. We know if we put hot water on

a plant it will surely kill it—and yeast

is often killed just that way. .And we

know that a plant does not grow when-

it is cold. Remembering that yeast is

a plant we see it must have suitable

temperature, soil, moisture, and air.

When we start bread we stir the batter

hard to incorporate air that the yeast!

germs may breathe and live. The science

as well as the art of bread making must

be studied to insure the perfect article.



The department of agriculture issues

bulletins on bread and bread making

which will be sent free upon request.

These bulletins will help any farmer’s

wife who is willing to study them. She

who can make a perfect loaf of bread

may well be proud for it is as great an

accomplishment as to play the “Maiden’s

Prayer" on the piano. The woman who

has more work than a pair of bands can





'do, will find labor-saving devices her only





And a bread mixer is an ever





/





hope.

ready and willing servant.





DIET.—No. 8.





”——





Eatlng Between Meals.





When the human race is sufficiently ed-

ucated to know that there is as much sin

in overeating as in drunkenness, we may

hope to see a reform which the temper-

ance advocates of our day are not able

to bring about. For sins in eating are as

often as not responsible for the forma-

tion of the habit of drinking alcoholic

beverages. The stomach is overloaded.

constantly, the system excited with strong

tea and coffee and spices, the nervous

system deranged by vicious habits of

eating] The stomach is upset and the

victim' finds himself constantly craving

something to quiet for a time. As often

as not this some-thing is beer or wine

and before the person realizes it the

habit of drinking is acquired. Even if

he does not take to drink he acquires

habits in eating which are almost as bad

so far as his health is concerned. For,

while he may not acquire fatty heart and

hob-nailed liver from wrong methods of

eating, he can very easily acquire tuber—

culosis, Bright’s disease, diabetes, “pal-

pitation'of the heart,” and lay himself

open to attacks of apoplcxy which will

take him Off as expeditiously as delirium

tremens.



Besides, the person who is wrongly fed

is never up to par, any more than the

one who drinks. Undigested food decom-

poses in the body and causes poisons

which give headaches and dull, sleepy

feelings beclouding the brain and keep-

ing the nerves on edge. If the schools

could be forced to teach the ill effects of

wrong feeding. as they are now forced

to teach the sin of indulging in tobacco

and alcohol, nine-tenths of the suffering

of the human race would be saved the

next generation, and infant mortality

would show a great decrease. For more

babies die because they are wrongly fed

than die of disease. and half the suffer-

ing attributed to a dispensation of Prov.-

idence or awakened conscience is really

due to our American habit of taking

more food than the body can take care of.



Eating between meals is one of the

cardinal sins. especially of women and

children. “'hile young children should

not be required to live on three meals a.

day, there should be as much regularity

about their lunches as about the family

meals. Promptly at 10 in the morning

the child should be given his lunch at

the table, and again at 3:30 o’clock in the

afternoon. And the mother should see

that he sits still until he eats his meal.

The habit of letting children trail about

the house dripping bread crumbs and

molasses, or cake and cookie crumbs as

it. may be, is bad for many reasons. It

develops tintidy habits in the little one,

makes unnecessary work for the mother

in cleaning up the crumbs and leads the

child to think he can eat anywhere and

at any time, instead of growing up to

think he must eat only at meal time and

at the table.



So many mothers have the habit of

giving their children-food whenever they

ask for it. The child nibbles a bit of the





lunch, throWs away the rest. and in an.





an labor or less is back 'for more, which





 

 

 

 

 





 





FEB. s, 1913. ‘





_ _.,..."« _, ._

| , 1., ..





You can. produce

pork at 12¢ per lb.

in Arkansas and Texas; and with

pork bringing 8F to 91’ ~, there's a big

‘margin for money-mak-

ing; especially when you

realize that land ‘Which

makes big yields of pork-

producing crops -—

corn, peanuts, alfalfa,

etc—can be had in





these sections now at

$12 to $25 'an acre.





[Some stock, Fan's

form. Risen, Ark-l





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





Thomu Bentley

got hit start that

way—bought 40

acres near Paragould,

for only $400 and in mak-

ing good money from his hog: and cows.

Hie place is worth more than $3000 _

today. T. B. Fore of Rison, Ark.,,,haa j

lifted a mortgage off a fine 157-acre I

farm through his profits from hogs,

cattle and horses. Mr. Fore raises all

his own fudstufl's. All along the





Cotton Belt Route

in Arkansas and Texas





you'll find many a man who is getting more

profit weryyear than his land cost him. Gus

Palmer, who lives Just below the Arkansas

line. near Shreveport. La... sold 82100 of

alfalfa from 80 acres—u profit of $70pcr acre.

J. E. Gandy paid $3000 for an improved farm

near Mt. Vernon. Texas; and the local people

thought he'd paid too much. Since then

he’s refused offers of $7500 for his place.





These lands won't stay cheap always. They

have already doubled in value since 1905; but

even this year you can buy at $12 to $25 per

acre, as good land there as you are farmin



now. And you’d have every advantage 0



schools. churches.close neighborsgood local

markets, phones. rural free delivery, etc.

This proposition deserves serious thought.





Oh the ill: and 3rd Tuesdays of each month

there are low round trip excursions to

Arkansas and Texas via Cotton Belt

Route. allowing 25 days' time and free

stopovers. Go on the next one.





Get our free books!





Written by a farm man who knows farming

from A to Z. He traveled over thousands of

miles in these sections to learn where the real

farm opportunities were—the kind he knew

you would grasp if you saw them. He tell.

you, in plain words. all about them. 100 page.

and form pictures. Send a pos-



tal today for your free copiel.





E. W. LuBBAUME

General Passenger Ann!

1473 Pierce Bldg” 5!. louie





 

 

 





 

 

   

 

 





 





 





 

 

 





Gives 500 candle power. Casts no shadow.

Costs Zcents per week. Makes and burns

its own gas. Over 200 styles. Every lamp

warranted. No dirt. No odor. No grease.

Agents wanted. Write for catalog, now.





In: BEST ucnr co. .

280 E. 5th St.. Canton, 0. f





Hygienic Wool Batting





For Comforters: Made in

. one piece 72x84 inches. 2, 2M

. . b. weights, strictly pure

wool. a . lb comforter is

warmer than 6 lbs. of cotton.

especially adapted to open

air sleeping, Custom work

done. send us your Wool.

will make it into butts for

you, write for booklet.

IONROE WOODEN HILLS, ‘

Monroe, Illehignn. '





Sill) US YOUR "IDES

00W All! HORSE



To be termed and manufactured into

coats. robes. gloves. and mittens.

We are dressers of all kinds of ‘furs.

Write for free catalogue and samples

telling all about our business.



Fur Coats and Robes o





THEsvlyiullrluillE'Eo.





y nnlo. Ohlo.





A Pair Of Fur littm with



every cattle Mlle ll‘ limo



Milo lined role we cesium tan.



4 Wu cum Tan and Dress Fur Skins



' l from the trapper to the wearer. Taxi-

‘ dermist. work on Deer. Moose





. . nd

Floor Rugs. from n" Shine under-“nu

conditions. W°‘.mi°¢ to your mum





I r w. Wo'WEAVER, ' -

Reading. - -‘ Micnlm.





\





 





 





 





_..—....._





 





 





1r
“Just as it: Looked in the Book”

ll MW 1 it“ r" «v in w 1/





11'





 





     





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





E.

. ‘27

ff

1

’1‘ I

i

. . mass "to“ TLNGQ .

4! ' Have you ever experienced that moment of rapture, when having eagerly waited for the thing you

' wanted so much—you have it come to vou just as thoroughly good and attractive as it had been represented?

Everything from Montgomery Ward & Co.’s Catalogue arrives HJust you need; clothing and adornment, household necessities, food, furni—i

as it looked in the book.” ture or luxuries, just as you expect to find them.

It was this feature of our greatCatalogue thatJames MontgomeryFlagg, One thousand pages, abounding in rare bargains and unique offerings

one of America’s foremost artists, has shown in this message to you. make up the Montgomery Ward & Co.’s Catalogue for 1913.

In graphic pen strokes Mr. Flagg tells the whole story as. millions You need a copy in your home for economy and convenience. You

2"; know it. ‘ cannot buy a book like it at any price, but we send it free for the asking.

F m the picture and description you can rely on getting every article . Why not write. a note today saying you would like to have one.

MONTGOME RY! WARD ff COMPA ”5‘ r'

. , 0-11

Chicaco Kansas City Ft. Worth. Texas .

fiES%ECURIN .. V a we WILL MAKE YOU

f . 4 .2 P PER

f0 BACKED'BY CERTIFICATES FROM UNITED STATES-.;TREA50R - emerge-amass

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mumseflmzfr 0“ . D" SEND FOR OUR sooxttr'sonos or OUR COUNTRY, D e Teams... r afi

8.." mwgé'w" ‘2 - BONDS SENT TO ANY BANK OR :EXPRESS ' “tmw

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“We. cad-inu-





 





 





Em HEW FIRST NATIONAL BANK cowuausomo. ’ ammwmu ,
What Time

is. .1:

“by this Watch?1





Is it five minutes fast or five minutes

slow, or exactly correct? Can you rely

on it? Does it remind you of the watch

you now carry?





Now see if you think you could rely

on a. watch that is made like this—-





The South Bend Watch is six months

in the making, the cutting, finishing

and assembling of the parts. 4'11 in-

spections are given these operations.

More than 60 men work on each watch.





When the watch is assembled it is’run

in a test of 700 hours. We keep a watch

sometimes six months longer than it

spends in the making to make it attain

our standard. Some “South Bends”

stay a year in the factory. But when

they come out they are right.





That's why “South Bend" jewelers can

so easily regulate South Bend Watches

to your personality. It is this personal

regulation that makes good watches

keep perfect time. It’s the lack of it

that prevents others,even good watches,

from doing it.



Buy a watch of one. of lizese men. Let

him ‘ ‘fit’ ’ you with a South Bend Watch.

You’ll have a maid; to

rely on, a watch that

will keep correct time

for years.





Write for Free Book





Our book, “How Good Watches Are M ado." tells all about watches-

things you should know. Just say on apostcard,‘ Send me your book.”





THE SOUTH BEND WATCH COMPANY

‘ 2 Market Street. South Bend,lndiena





25w —.





“(“5“ (126)





FREE lla2g°afll2€l°°m£





 





   





   





   





 





 





 

   





This magnificent silverware is of warranted quality

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&Co. You can get an thing you want in silver, abso-

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From Forest to Factory

Direct to You

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Our busmess has reached the enormous size where

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the direct and entire benefit. Not one Haida:-

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Prices Lower Than Dealer's or

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Just look at the prices

of the 2 articles illus-





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If You Answer This Advertisement





Drop us aline right now for our Bargain Book

and circular from which to choose your free Silver-





   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





ware. Don't give yourself a chance to forgetl \\ 4/4;

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LINCOLN, LEONARD 8. COMPANY Ioeeznh mm,





Largest exclusive distributors of Home Furnishings in the world CHICAGO. ILL





 





YOU don't go barefoot—how about your hands? Times are too

busy—work too important for you to neglect your hands. And

nothing will help them like the right pair of Hansen’s Gloves



or Mittens—the glove or mitten that makes you forget you're wear-

ing it. Secure. easy. perfect fitting and protects from injury. There

is a special style lined or unlined built for every special purpose.

Fr 8 BOOk shows your kind for your work. Send cou-

e pon or postal for it now—Free Try-on offer.



0. C. Hansen Mfg. Co.,293 Milwaukee St. Milwaukee. Wis.

OOOOOQOOOOCOQOOO,Q,.

0.0.lhnsen Mfg-Co., 296 Milwaukee 8t.,lllllwaukee,Wis‘

Send me, postpald, Free book showing Hansen's Gloves

0 .............................................................. . C





Mention above what kind of work, driving or sport. ... l





N C

sine ..

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When Writing to Advertisers please

mention the Michigan Farmer.





THE MICHIGAN F'fiRMElVR





 





 





he invariably gets with a sharp repri-

mand. His little stomach is constantly

at work, with the result that nothing is

properly digested. He is fretful, anaemic,

pimply, constipated, Or has diarrhoea,

and the mother lays the trouble to teeth-

ing or the Lord, never stopping to think

that her own carelessness in feeding is

making all the trouble.



School children should be given alunch

as soon as they get home, especially in

winter when, in the case of farm chil—

dren, the-y take a cold lunch. Have ready

good hot cocoa or hot soup, with plenty

of bread and butter, white or graham, and

let them sit down and eat enough to

take the sharp edge off their hunger, but

not to blunt their appetite for supper.

They are cold and tired when they get!

home, and need the substantial warm

food to warm and revivify them. But do

not let them nibble constantly till sup-

per time, and then come .to the table

without any appetite for supper. Of

course, many children have so far to

walk it is supper time when they get

home, and in this case the problem is

solved.



\V’omen who do their own work are ver-

itable sinners in the matter of eating all

the time. The food is around them, they

are getting meals or baking much of the

time, or they are in and out of the pan-

try where they see it and it is second

nature to pick up a bit of this or a bit

of that and taste it. But it is a nature

that should be firmly killed. Nibbling

between meals is one of the common

causes of nervousness. The stomach is

irritated with food it does not need and

a gnawing or false hunger sets up, which

the victim satisfies with a bite of some—

thing. This js the worst thing she can

do. If you find‘ yourself nervous and

constantly craving food, put yourself at

once on three plain, simple meals a day,

avoiding strong tea or coffee, and on no

account out between meals. I would not

advise cutting out tea and coffee at once

if you are in the habit of drinking eith-

er. But instead of the three or four cups

of strong concoction which you have been

taking at each meal, try one cup of weak

tea or coffee at the close of the meal.

Chew your food thoroughly and moisten

it with saliva. instead of washing it down

with tannin extract. ‘



Incorrect eating is the one great sin of

American people, worse even than drunk-

enness since it invmves everyone. prac-

tically, from the tiniest infant to the

hoary-headed grandfather who is prob-

ably a deacon in the church. But it is

a sin of ignorance, we have not been

taught. If we can come to a full realiza-

tion of the effect of food on our lives

many of the problems now up to sociolo-

gists will settle themselves.



lNDlVlDUALlTY.





BY LALIA Ml'l‘i‘HELL.

Cultivate the acquaintance of children,





share in their little joys and sorrows but

remember that they are miniature men

and women and must think their own

thoughts, make their own plans, and

learn how to bear their own responsibil-

ities.



If possible, even at the cost of sacrific-

ing the guest room, every child should

have a room of his own. Not a mere

place to sleep, but a room where he can

feel that he is indeed “master of all he

surveys.” “'hen brothers and sisters

tease him, when even mother fails to ex-

actly undci‘Stand, that room will be his

City of l‘lcfuge, where he can sit down

alone and rejoice in the fact that hehas

a place in the home that offers him shel-

ter and consolation. Teach each child

that he must respect the rights of the

others behind the closed doors, and un-

less it becomes vitally necessary never

follow a child into his room to complete

the lecture begun somewhere else and

which is much better in an abbreviated

form than as a continued story.



Individuality means much in later life

and the child whose OWn room is his

kingdom is better able to think his own

thoughts than the one forever in closest

touch with father and mother, brother

and sisters, in fact with a whole house-

hold of diverse personalities.





THE NEED OF FRESH AIR.





 





If no fresh air is a110wed to enter a.

room occupied By several people the a‘lr

soon becomes foul from the air coming

from the lungs. Often when one enters

a room it will feel close. .In that case

ventilation is necessary. Breathing air

over and over lowers one’s vitality, which

results in taking colds easily and along

with the cold other troubles often start.

Pure air is. fully as important as pure





FEB. 8, 1913.





food. The lung surface of the average

person amounts to fully 236 sq. ft. and the

air brought in contact with this large

surface is renewed from 15 to 20 times

each minute. A little meditation over

these facts will impreSS the' necessity of





having the air used as pure as it can .





be obtained, especially when one also

realizes that upward of 49,000 sq. ft. of

red corpuscle surface must be renovated

every 20 to 40 seconds.





 





SUNNY ROOMS.

BY AVA E. LAUTENS'CHLAGER.



How careful is every woman_who keeps

house-plants to secure for them every

bit of available sunshine during the cold

winter months. A southern exposure is

considered necessary for the welfare of

most plants. Usually one would rather

not keep any than to always have them

at a north window. She has «)0 much'

love for the unconscious inanimate things

to keep them at all.



People need sunshine quite as much as

plants do. Strong men and women who

have the use of their bodies, and can get

‘out in the world and enjoy God’s glorious

sunshine, can live in rooms with only a.

northern etxposure if they so choose; but

if it_ is possible, let us secure rooms into

which all the blessed sunshine of winter

can enter, for the little innocent baby,

invalids who-cannot leave their rooms,

and aged people who are too infirm to

get out of doors.



Let us stop and consider that these

classes of persons, if kept in rooms with

only north windows, 'will suffer just- as

much from the absence of sunshine, as

green, growing plants would do in the

same rooms, and their suffering is of ac-

count in proportion as a human being is

better than a plant.



“'6 all know how a bright, sunny day in

winter gladdens all our hearts. Then let

us make some sacrifices, if necessary, in

order to give the feeble ones their meas-

ure of sunshine.





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





Our large FashiOn Book——containing 92

pages illustrating over 700 of the season's

latest styles, and devoting several pages

iocmbroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of 10 cents.





 





.“\.\y.“a~





\\\\\





‘ A}





3





fl//%H





.,.‘





 





 





 





 





No. 7635—Fancy blouse with Robespierre

collar, 34 to 40 bust. \Vith or without

chemise'tte and tie-ends, with directoire

collar that can be made high or low at

the front.



No. 7621—C0mbination corset cover and

four-gored skirt for misses and small

women, 14, 16 and 18 years. \Vith round

or square neck, with or without shield

sleeves



No. 7639—Bath robe or wrapper, small

34 or 36, medium 38 or 40, large 42 or

44 bust.



No. 7604—Girl’s double—breasted coat,

4 1to 8 years; With fancy levers and

colar.





No. 7623—Plain two—piece and fancy





sleeves, small 34 or 36, medium 38 or 40,

large 42. or 44 bust.



The above patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

of the Michigan Farmer on receipt of

ten cents for each.



Kreuz und quer Durch Deutsche Lande.

By Robert Metzger, Barringer High

School. Newark, and Wilhelm Mueller,

late Principal of the Fifteenth District

School, Cincinnati. This German reader

for second year classes gives an account

of the trip of two Americans through

Germany, commencing with the ocean





voyage, landing at Hamburg, and pro-‘

ceeding thence through the 'most inter- ‘





esting portions of the Empire. Cloth,

16mg, -260 pages. with notes, conversa-

tional Questions, vocabulary. map, and

illustrations. Price, 600. American Book

Company,» Chicago. ,





 





A44

'—





 





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i,

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‘55

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i

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.-.»FEB. 8, 1913.





(Continued from page 158).

exceeded by the income. Mr’. Hitchcock

recommended among other things that

the flanking system be abolished and

also that the parcels post law be changed

so as to include packages of greater max—

imum amount than 11 pounds and also

that the parcels post rate be reduced. He

also recommended that the third and

fourth classes of matter be consolidated

so that books and other printed matter

may be forwarded by parcels p05t.



The United States Senate. during the

present week will consider a bill involv-

ing the government right to license. con-

trol and tax all water powers constructed

in a navigable river. The conservation

forces of the country are behind the

measure and hope to secure for the fed-

eral government control over water pow-

or rights. The opponents of the bill are,

of course, arguing state rights.



Statistics show that on June 30, 1912,

Michigan had 36,222 pensioners who re-

ceived during the fiscal year ending on

that date, $6,480,667.90.



A National Defense League was organ-

ized in Washington. D. February 2.

The purpose of this organization is to

improve the National Guard. -



A special board of army engineers meet





at Niagara Falls, N. Y., this week for the.





purpose of studying conditions there ‘to

make recommendations as to a definite

policy with reference 00 regulating the

diversion of water for power production

as well as to protect the scenic beauty

of the falls.



A bill has been introduced into Con-

gress making “The Star Spangled Ban-

ner" the official national anthem.





Foreign. .

A fatal dynamite explosion occurred in

Cinet‘ugos. Cuba, Sunday. Eleven per-





sons were killed and more than 100 in-

jured by the explosive. The shock was

felt for a radius of 20 miles and the dani-

age is eStimated at $500000.



Although the allied powers have re-

called their representatives from London

to resume war with Turkey, the latter

government has ordered her plenipoten-

tiaries to remain in London and has in—

structed the army to await the attack by

the allied forces in order that .Turkey

may show she has done everything pos-

sible to avoid hostilities and thus attempt

to gain more consideration from the pow-

ers. The allies appear to have lost con-

siderable advantage by the delay and feel

that in order to protect what they have

already gained and secure the. demands

they make of Turkey that War must be

resumed immediately.



A review of the money market of the

world indicates that foreign countries are

in the market for funds, which has re:

suited not only in many calls for gold,

but has had an indirect influence upon

the stock market, which finds it more

difficult to trade in stocks when the out-

side demand for money is so urgent.

This country has, shipped to Argentine

$85,000,000 in gold since 1909. China is

now in the market for 5350000000 the

Balkan states and Turkey are asking for

huge sums, as are also Brazil and Peru.

The national and private banks of Eng-

land, France and Germany are seeking

larger Stores of the yellow metal, as is

also the case with these institutions in

Austria.



The House of Lords of the British Par-

liament has rejected the Home Rule bill

by a vote of 326 to 67. Mr. Giadstone’s

Home Rule measure which Was voted up-

On in 1893 was defeated by a vote of _419

to 41.



It was reported late last week that

Mexican rebels had surrounded Juarez.

Federal forces are now on their way to

relieve the place. ,





FOR LEGISLA-





 





SOME SUGGESTIONS

TlON.





The discussion of the matter of needed



legislation through the columns of the

Michigan Farmer should result in the

enactment of some much needed meas-

ures of vital interest to the farmers of

the state, if all will interest themselves

in the matter.

, Now it has occurred to me that scarce-

ly anything could be of more vital in-

terest to the farmer, and everyone else

for that matter, than the proper and ef-

fectual protection of our wild birds and

animals. One hundred million dollars a

year is What the farmers now pay for the

ruthless waste and almost useless slaugh—

ter of the wild life of the country, and

the toll will soon double unless an im-

mediate halt is made.



Not long since, at a meeting of a so-

caiied sporting club in one of our cities.

they declared for less severe penalties

for violation of game laws, and for no

closed season for shooting quail. There

now is a closed season for quail, and

other species of game. No one disturbs

them, instead many farmers feed them

and at the end of the closed season some

city bird butcher comes along and murders

the whole outfit. To kill such useful and

beautiful friends of the body politic by

pot shooting in the name of sport, is

simply murder of the vilest sort‘. What

we need is an indefinite closed season for

well nigh everything, then when any spe-

cies of game gets plentiful allow restrict-

ed hunting.



One other thing that is badly needed

is the prohibiting of the use ‘of dogs in

the hunting of all kinds of game, except-

ing waterfowl perhaps. Farmers, as a

class, cannot afford bird dogs. and a vag-

rant of the breed is the most despicable

sheep killer on four legs. I would make

it a penal offense for any one to allow

his dog to run at large unless securely

muzzled at all times.



But I must not presume to occupy too

much of your space so will close for this

time, but, of course, have hardly begun

to mention all that should be done along

the lines indicated.





Barry Co. SUBSCRIBER.





 





 

   

 

 





 





 

   

 

 

 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





l





 

 

 





 

 





. tied, and millions more of privately owned but on-

s tilled, land. There are open spaces in that extensive





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





-.. .0 ow Railroads llelp Riople to Get “times





(From (any. Wally. March 2/. 49/2) 9





made by the great railroad systems of the

country to find homes for persons of moder-

ate means and to aid the latter to secure them.

Naturally the most notable instances of railwa '

' ' ' he Wes -





NE OF the most remarkable features oi

present-day enterprise is the earnest eflorts





 





‘ : ation are to be found in t

a vast section ere are mi Ionso ate .





domain which could accommodate millions of the

- ould these be





 





 





' Y

lS-o ex - ive y‘ in regular channels the

and opportunities offered in their various ‘





 





ey -

'frei ht r the immigra



v'orenv”. vey --.imm



literature, in the shape of handsome booklets, giving

reliable information concerning States. counties and

towns Whose populations they seek to swell.



Many of these publications are well written, beau-

tifully printed and illustrated, and they represent in

"the aggregate an enormous expenditure. Pamphlets

of this kind circulate ail-over the country and they

make a strong appeal to every reader. They are a

great convenience and. a godsend to thopsands who

yearn to make a change. Their accounts and pictures





 





of line scenery, of flouriéhing towns. of fertile farms





'and generous crops of fruit and grain and grasses

make the for West seem like a land of promise.

abounding in all good things. But the service ren-

dared by the booklets does not end there. They also

point out in more or less detail the‘ chances of success

which the settler may expect, and they give him much

ctical advice as to how to avail himself of them

hey te’llljust where men of such and such means and

such and su‘chtasteojnd ceilings would wisely go.

They also sometimes state the cost of getting started

and right methods of getting on in the new homes.





 





 

   

 

 





Montana.





 





CHICAGO





. Milwaukee 6: St. Paul





RAILWAY





 

 





 





l Low Round Trip





month





 

 

 

 





Homeseekers Rates





in effect on the first and

third Tuesday of every





There are 3,000,000 acres of free

Homestead Land in Montana,

located within 10 to 50 miles

of the railroad; 10,000,000 acres





 

   

 





making everything perfectly clean,





1 Chicago, Mil“





. fertile land that can be had on the crop payment plan. Splendid

climate and bountiful crops are assured.

Let us send you descriptive Warning and fall infomm Address





aukee & St. Paul Ry.





. . EINH FF. .

o. a mum. Immigration “comm“? .23....., ‘24,... 212E A. MILLER. Passenger Traffic Manager

750 Marquette ' CHICAGO





Ilium! Majestic Bldg.Detrolt.Mich.





from $20 to $45 per acre;

30,000 acres of extremely





of farm land that can be had at





   





27—171





'9





 





 

 

 





p





 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





New Town

and Busines

Opportunitie





 





 





 





l‘. (illuminant ‘

llumtsleals

‘. unmana





w

I. now

\ :zcu“ “It“





 





 





m! A New Conn"!

owccntral “00“”





   

 

 





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rim in Hill was,

run Slit an actual:





‘ —G test F it t. .

We Sell Oceana Farms A..‘:“p....of“c.?.‘:.‘f“ii.

faia. Stock. List free. HANSON fl: SON. Hurt. Mich.





RAIN and Bean Elevator. Coal and Feed Busi-



I nose for sale, or will exchange for farm prop-

erty. Box P 68, core Michigan Farmer. Detroit.



——Write for our 32 page booklet





CANAnA LAN con t sin in 63 photographic





views, and statistical and detaiod information

about. our lands in east. central Saskatchewan. It's

free. The Waloh Land 00.. Winnipeg. Canada.





BUY NEW YORK FARMS NOW.

Best. Lands. Best. Cro Best Homes. Biggest barns.

Finest. schools. ohurc es. roads and transportation.

For list of New York farms address.



MoBURNEY 33900.. Fisher Building. Chicago, Ill.





Why Don’t You Write in Us When You Want a Farm



We have anything you vault. all clue and dosor'ipions.



DIAMOND REALTY 00.. Saginaw. Michigan.

' d ' ed '



Fullln Farms Emilia? fl.m.‘.i‘:diii’$ 383%:





lloious fruits and ideal homes. For information

dress. State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware-





’ — .00 to .

Bargains in Dino Farms if... w.’.i?.?.°.'i%’.

day for [arm list. J. B. RICE & CO.

Warren. Ohio Cortland. Ohio Andover. Ohio





FARMS WANTED”ZV£%§$‘.:?§§:’°$.£.°§$

scribing property. naming lowest igloo. We help buy‘





mlocate desirable propert. FEE American Invest.-

moot Assocxation. 8 Pa ace ldg.. Minneapolis. Minn.





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





fertile farms, good

sunny Tennessee water. houses.barne.

orchards on each, rural routes, telephones. Sixty-five

acres $650. 295 acres $1500. 194 acres $400), 265 acres 33000.

Free list. JENKINS is; SON, Euntingdon, Tenn.





MINNESOTA has a home for you. Good land at low

. _ prices. Literature giving inhuma-

tion about 3011. climate. files of land. etc.. sent. free

on application to H. J. oxfield. Commissioner of

Immigration. Room 219 State Capital. St. Paul. Minn.





98 ACRES—Good soil. near town. Largo house,

two good barns. new silo. cow stable.



cement floor. cement water tank. Good reason for



selling. D. D. BENNETT. R. 21. Elsie. Mich.





FARM BARGAm—Fm‘e “m "6



acres three miles

from Decatur. Mich. 13 acres timber, ‘2!) acres pep-

permint and celery land: balance farm good loam

soil. Eight room ouoe, two barns. other buildings.

Sprin brook runs through both barn yards. Ideal

Stock arm. Would sell 116 acres. Special bargain

if taken in next 30 days. For particulars write



WEY & HOUSE. Marlon. Michigan.





DE

——At. a bargain: Eli-acre fruit [am

one mile from Fort Wayne.

Price 817.500. worth double.

750 bearing a pie trees nine to





sixteen years old in excellent oondllion. 400 hearing

ear trees and some caches. cherries and small fruits.

utldin wo . Expect to 7000 bushels

a. les (3 is year but. land and buildings are worth

.500. Owner in other bushes. Favorable terms.

H. P. Fletcher. 724 Calhoun St... Fort Wayne. Ind.





THE BROWN Milli”





For Central Michigan Farm .

WfihMMM-mlm E0. Enos.





 





 





 





 





Farm. Sales Man. Lansing. Michigan.





 





FARM FOR SALE,





One mile from Normal School. S ring creek. Some

timber. Address 0. A. CAIN. Hellman. Michigan.





srocx RANCH—64° .... a...

with woven wire.



well watered by river, grass in abundance. land first;



class for fin-min . here is your opgortunity.



U. G. REYNOLD . n. I. D. ‘No. 3. ladwin, Mich.





(MIMI 00. FARMS—iflfifligp‘i‘é‘égfi°ial§ifiv§

Write me describing fully What you need.

U. G. REYNOLDS. It. I“. D. No. 3. Gladwin. Mich.





Virginia Farms and Homes





FREE CATALOGUE OF SPLENDID BARGAINS.

B. B. CHAFFIN & (10.. Inc” Richmond. Va.

money in buying a

T.





Ullll FARM US ...... ism...





MICHIGAN FARM HOME 00.. Greenville, Mich.





saves you time. and





- 2” Acres, $5600





$3500 Income Last Year





Potatoes. com. hay. grain. milk. ’ltry. fruit. etc...

to the value of$3500 were produo on this money-

nnking New York farm lost your; machine-w



.floldscut 140.com ha . wire fen .spring~watered

pasture for35 cows, 00:) cords w . variety fruit;

splendid location. only three miles to R. R. station.

high school, crezimery. milk station; 9-room house.

78-1.. barn. two silos. and outbuildings; owner's other

business nires all his time; if taken at once only

$5600, with 8 8m cash. balance easy terms. at 6%. Full

details and traveling directions to see this and a

50~acre farm near village for $1200. any terms. page 45.

“Strout‘s Farm Cutaio 35". 2nd Edition. Write today

for free copy. Penna vania and New York together

have a po ulation of 4. . New York farm pro-

ductsto 3245,0000” yearly. Get the facts about

our soils. crops market. climate. schools. etc. in this

big catalogs Station 101. E. A. sraocr FARM

A ENCY. nion Bank Bldg" Pittsburg. Pa.





 





 





OR SALE—KW” fiafid‘a‘ 5°...”

01138.8! us in 3



north of Ann Arbor. An excellent dairy farm.



Well wanted. burns capacity for 100 dairy cows.



oilosfimtons. two dwellings. milk house. ice house.



storage barns. one mile frontage on artificial lake.



Price reasonable and terms easy. Address



D. TOW AR, East Lansing. Mlchlsan.





ForQuick Sale





.Choioe Section Saskatchewan Farm Land. 640 acres

rich so“. fine wheat district. shortdistanoe from good

town. Price. per acre. Terms bl cash. balance 5

years. Should double in value within 3 years. Must

be sold. Apply P. O. Box 756. Owen Sound. Canada.





CHEAP FARM-EASY TERMS.





Owing to other business. owner will sell 320 acres

rich. lpvei prairie. in Western Canada. Lon pro-

duces 301m. when. or 75 bu. oats per acre. 200 acres

in cultivation. Small buildings. Water for stock on

place. 2miles from station and elevator. Price 830



r_ acre. $1000 caathalance small yearly payments.

dJOlnlI‘ land sold higher and going up. Great

chance forgood man.

D. . VAN BUREN. Creek Bend. Sank. Can.





when you can buy

the Boot Land in

Michl n at from

'7 to an acre





new Saginaw and Bay City. Write for mo and ar-

ticular-o. Clou- title and any terms. e an.

(cm) 15 Hamil Bldg . Saginaw. W. S. Michigan.

I R E E ful Sacramento Valley. the



. . ‘ richest valley in the world.

[iniimitod opportunities. Thousands 0! acres available at

right prices. The place for the man wanting {home in the finest





climate on earth. Write to a public organization that give.

reliable information.





sell-"£22.;azii23‘cliliil RN IA





‘ are NOW ship.



ping fruits and



vegetables 3. n d



enjoying the most.



- s ideal outdoor life.

What at





. 6 you do-

ing at this season of the year? The winter

months are not, the only profitable farmi



- months in Florida. because we grow at leg

three crops 3 your on the same field—besides many

varietiesof summer fruits. Intensive cultivation on

I) acres 111 Florida pays a much big or profit than the

single crap on 160 mores in the Netti. Come. see and



convinced betcrenbuying. Our book, “FACTS

About FLORIDA. to is the truth. A postal card

or letter Will bring it to you. Address Dept. H. (6)





FLORIDI EAST COAST RAILWAY

LLWVm-PMSLWFWI

orb-i tuna. fin]. Anal, 109'. Man 8.211! .ll.





 





 





Literature will be sent to any-

one mterestod in the wonder-





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





! Orchaidim are making

i> Fortunes

'- in Fruit

‘n the famous Santa Clara Vol] .

I Fm. damn. vineyards. wizards.





stock and chicken ranches large and.



- .~Wrflcloday/hrllkrahnnndlldqul¢al

F. D. CRAWFORD & C0.



742 “.150“ Sun Frontie-





.—





 





 





 

 

 





good Farm. Fruit and Timber lands.

Our climate is delightful. An abun-





   

 

   

 





   

   

 

 





olhcr interesting literature. A 12 months sub-

scription free if you send addresses 0 '

2 friends probably interested in Va.





F. I. WMMMJNJWSCH

Ry. Bill. Ill-l8; mum. Vt. .





 





 

 





 

 





I||lllllllllll|||l

IIIIIIIIIIIIII‘IIII

Q1|\III|\‘\I\|\‘§|!





 





ll

3?.





 

 





l





FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS [N





The Nation’s

Garden Spot—





mi' cum nun Jma mini

GROWING SECTION—

along the





Atlantic Coast Line,





RAILROAD





in Virginia, North and South Cirollna,

Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to





.l.“

\

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A. a l. junior Florida,

Alabama. Georgia, and the Carolina.

Jmmn. m. ‘ W. '.





 





 





WILBUR moor, a. N. CLARK. ‘

ma 1. Agt. for Virginl‘
Bushels per Acre

Yes, Sir! Willi





SALZER’S

Rejuvenated White Bonanza Oats





That. is the record. actually produced by Mr. Theo. Harmes of

LeWis County. Washington. The facts are verified and roved.

Salzer’e Reiuvenated Oats are the greatest oats ever put ate the

round. Have stood at the top for more than twenty years.

on $500.00 in gold open to the.wor1d for the heaviest yielding

oats. We have rejuvenated this oat and the result is an oat

stronger in straw, healthier. larger. plumper. meatier kernels.

ielding from 20 to 60 bushels per acre more than the old White

nanza Oats. There is no finer. plumper. handsomer oat grown



in the United States. This is the_oats that every grower should

plant in 1913. Write today for prices and specia premium offer.





Salzer’s Seed Corn





Golden Glow (Wisconsin No. 12)



Silver King (Wisconsin No. 7) '

You cannot go wrong on either of these. Silver King is the corn

that has made Wisconsm first in yield per acre west of Ohio.

Golden Glow has yielded over 100 bushels per acre. This

is corn With a pedigree. We select our seed corn with

the greatest care. and every ear is tested for fertility.





Salzer’s Alfalfa





Three times the feeding value of Red Glover and Timothy.’

Har y. big. quick. continuous money-maker. Pure

seed. Let us quote you prices. Salzer is IT in this country

on Alfalfa. Keep that fact in mind.





Salzer’s Potatoes





We are headquarters for seed for the great

. potato growers in the Northwest. Our

earliest varieties and later sorts are veritable bonanzas as

money producers. Change'your seed stock this year while

potato prices are low. ’

10 Big Sample Packages 10c

For ten cents we gladly mail one package each new 81,000 prize

MarquOis Wheat. Twentieth Century Alfalfa. Rejuvenated

Bonanza Oats. Silver King Barley and other farm seed

packages. together With our great seed book.

We sell direct. cut out all useless rofits. give you lowest

prices and add valuable premiums ree on purchases of 50

cents and upwards. Look over our Premium List. See what

on can gettree for the farm. home and kitchen. Our cata-

0g for 1913 is a big, handsome book—just what you need for

reliable information. chaicest seeds and lowest prices.





JOHN A. SALZER SEED €0.33: 333233;





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





FRUIT _

ATALOG 3.

Fully describes the products of our 1-." -

1100 acre nursery, fruit and seed his-:1

farm. Over 25 years experience in [Eff '





est germinating seed grown. Our

"Bell Brand” leads them all. Select-

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cleaned until it is gilt-edged.

Catalog and Samples Free

Ask for free samples 0 farm seeds





growing heaviest bearing strains of



‘ ~. strawberries, raspberries,currnnts,goose-

0.? berries, blackberries, dewberries, grapes

( > ,L and all kinds of fruit trees and shrubs.

‘ , Also seed potatoes, rhubarb, horseradish,

asparagus. etc. Send names and addresses 0 f5frult

growers and get fine wrrant hush free. Catalog free.





V 'Athat interest you. Also 112-pp.

, desc. catalog and price list.





2 Pearl Street





W. N. SUARFF,

Jackson, Mich.





New Carllslo, Ohio





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





is the plumpest. heaviest, strong- ‘





 





 





THE MODERN GARDEN





with its long, narrow rows that require thor~

ough and constant working,M UST have tools

that are easy to adjust and operate: that sow, and

Cultivate perfectly. Many farmers who havcfiteam

heat and a tcleplio e are still using old—fashioned





tools. Do YOU use a hand hoe?

Seed llrllls and





RONA Wheel Hoes





save halftime. make bigger and better crops.

\ The view shows one of 38 combinations from $2.50 to



l Sizoo—our N0. 6 Combined will sow in continuous

" , rows or in hills, cultivate, weed, hoe, ridge. open

J furrows, etc. Parts changed quickly. Can pur-

chase in simplest form and add to as needed.

Ask your dealer to show these tools and write

us for new booklet, "Gardening \Viili Mod-

ern Tools." \Ve make full line ofpotato

niacliiiies.spravcrs for all piirposes.ctc.

Bitumen M’f’g’ 00.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





Great Crops of





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





Strawberries





and How to Grow Them





IS a beautifully illustrated

‘ book of expert information

~ written by America’s most



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logg sure-crop method and

explains just how Pedigree

. Plants are grown on the

,1 great Kellogg lant farms

, o in Michigan, regon and



l E - an Idaho. Any man,woman,

boy or girl, who reads this



book can grow big crops and get big prices.~., Straw-

berries yield more dollars per acre than any other crop.





affilifigfig. 5"“ Our book tells the whole story. It’s FlntEE to you,

.5: $32? ll. M. Kellogg Go. Box 575. Three Rivers, Mich.





 





 





-m





“Seeds That Grow”





Are supplied each season direct to

many more planters than are the seeds

of any other brand. BURPEE'S

SEEDS are known the world over as

the best it is possible to produce, and

are acknowledged the American

Standard of Excellence.



In thirty-six years of successful seed

sellin we have introduced more

Novelties that are now in general cultivation than have any t ree other firms. We produce



lected tocks upon our own 5 farms in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and California, while

FORDHOOK FARMS are famous as the largest trial grounds in America. No Government

Experimental Station attempts such complete trials each season. and the information here

obtained is of incalculable benefit'to planters everywhere.



Each season we travel more than thirty thousand miles to personally inspect our rowing

crops and et never travel a single mile to solicit an order! e ask. however, that you al ow our

SILENT gALESMAN to have your careful attention in the quiet of your own home:

ly send us your address plainly written and kindly state where you saw this advertise-

q‘hen by first mail you wil receive





The Burpee-Annual for 1913





A bright new book of I80 pages. it ictures by pen and pencil all that is Best in seeds, and

tells the plain truth. While embellish with colored covers and plates painted from nature it is

A SAFE GUIDE—entirely free from exaggeration.



Shall we send you a copy? If so. write TODAY!

not be annoyed by any “ follow-up " letters.





 





Sim

men 11.





A postal card will do,—and you will





THEMICHIG-A'N‘F'A'RMER





 





gillllllllllllllllllllllllllll|ll||llllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllilllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllIlllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllE





.- H Orticulturc.





 





FEB. 8, 1913..





I





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





all”!lIlllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIlllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll—FIE





ORCHARD RENOVATION—DOES

PAY?





IT





 





the time is at hand when the trees



should be pruned and gotten in

readineSS to produce a good crop of fruit

the coming season. For those men who

are contemplating the renting of an or-

chard, it is time to get the plans com-

pleted and the work started.



fsually when we speak of orchard ren—

ovation, We mean the renewal of the

trees by pruning and eradication of fun-

gous and insect pests. “’e never men-

tion renovation with reference to peach

orchards, for a peach tree lives a com—

paratively short time as compared with

the apple tree and then, also, the former

is so liable to peach yellows and little

peach that it would hardly pay to hazard

the renovation of such an orchard.



The Business ls Popular.



During the last two or three years the

people of Michigan have gone'crazy over

the idea of renting old orchards and

renovating them. From the number of





FOR those who have- rented orchards





 





barnyard, he would not have rented it.

As it was, two teams had to be hitched

to the wagon every time a load was

taken out, and this extra. expense nar-

rowed down the margin of profit.

Drainage a Necessity. r

The question of site also presupposes

the question of drainage. If an old or-

chard is poorly watered or air-drained,

it would not be a paying proposition to

renovate it. In all operations with the

orchard, we must ask ourselves if we are

going to have it long enough to get' back

the extra amount of money which we

will have to put into it to get a good





crop. This is the deciding point. If the

land is poorly air-drained, it would be'

folly to spend any time or energy in





trimming it up for the trees would not

bear heavily and fungous troubles would

be very serious,



Of course, exposure would have. some-

thing to do with the productiveness of the.

orchard. We could not expect a, piece of

land shrrounded by woods and sloping to

the north to be overly productive and

would not get what‘ we expected if we





 





 





 





/





In Many Communities Co-operatlve and Private Packing Concerns are Saving Pro-

ducers Much by Furnishing a Market for the Bulk of the Cabbage Crop,





orchards which have undergone such

treatment, one would judge that there

was a vast amount of profit in the oper—

ation but such conclusions would be. er-

moSt cases. “’here people

orchards, one of several

things has made it impossible fOr them

to realize a profit from the. investment

which was required to get the trees in

good bearing condition. In fact, orchard

renting has proven more popular than

profitable.



There have been cases when it has paid

well for farmers to rent old orchards but

it has been when they have used judg-

ment in the selection of the orchards, and

the marketing of the fruit. I do not wish

to present an argument stating that the

farmer, or fruit grower, should not go

into the business of a professional or-

chard renovntor for with the right kind

of methods and a. proper consideration of

the adv'antagcs and disadvantages, the

right man mayweuccced at this as well

as in any other business. However, I

do want to point out some of the things

which might well be considered before

anyone goes into this busineSS and in-

vests money which may be lost.



When the horticuliui‘ist is questioning

whether a certain orchard will proveprof—

itable or not, he is usually concerned with

five important details.



Figure Carefully.



Probably the prime question is, will it

pay? That is, is the orchard near a good

market or so situated that the fruit will

not be worn out or damaged badly in

getting it to the market? There are many

orchards in the state which would prove

valuable assets to the owners but for

the fact that they are so far from mar—

ket that it takes all the profit off in get-

ting them to the point of shipment. In

other sections, a good orchard is hedged

in away from market by a short mileage

of very bad roads. One of the most suc-

cessful orchard renovators in the state

,was heard to remark last, fall that if he

had known he would have to haul the

apples from a. certain orchard through a





roneous, in

have rented





 





(lid. in all events, see that there is good

circulation of air through the fruit trees.

How Old Are the Trees?



\Vliat has the age of the trees to do

with renovation? This important ques-

tion is often asked. It would not be wise

to rent and renovate an orchard of Bald-

wins whose trees had nearly reached the

age limit, for the chances are that the

fruit received would not be enough to pay

for the work done. On the other hand,

it would probably pay well to rent a.

Spy orchard whose trees Were the same

age as the Baldwins mentioned above.

for the Spy lives longer and consequently

would return more fruit fOr the labor

expended.



Carefully notice the varieties growing

in the orchard. Do not renovate an or-

chard of Ben Davis apples for this is not

:1 good commercial variety and it would

take some very good crops to get back

the money inveSied in the care of the

trees and fruit.



Period of Tenancy.



For how long,r should we rent? In most

cases, it has not paid to rent an orchard

for only one year. Except in rare cases,

that is not time enough for it to pay

back much of the capital invested. An

old orchard might profitably be rented

for three to five years or longer, for then,

if there is not a good crop the first or

second years, perhaps the fruit the. third

year will make up for the failure which

has taken place. ‘



One should notice carefully the preva-

lence 0f fungous diseases and harmful in—

sects. Go through the orchard and note

those trees which are badly infested with-

the scale and all other indications of the

frequence of either diseases or insects.



Find a Survey Helpful.



Some of the most successful fruit men-

make out a plan of the orchard and take

it with them through the field and mark

all the worst trees and put down all oth-

er information which they think would

come handy in determining which ones

should be cut out. This is perhaps one

of the'best schemes of all for, with this
' .—_—





 





 





 





 





FEB. , 8. 1913‘.





-——-E"





FREE BOOK 0N





LFAlF





 





How you can grow it on your land

How to get “catch” first planting

How to select and prepare the soil

How to get more than average crops





These and hundreds of other questions that you

want answered are clearly and distinctly covered





in our new book 'ust issued entitled Alfalfa—

Wonder Crop’ . _his remarkable book contains

a priceless fund of information ab out a lfalfn

growing, secured from many sources; United

tates Government, State Experiment Stations,

the best posted authorities and successfulgrow

era. In simple language, easy to understand. it

tells iust the things that you want to know before

you start to raise this greatest of all $cash moneys

crops. This book will convince you that you

have some land on your farm where you can

profitably grow alfalfa. This information was

secured at a great cost of time, money and re-

search. It tel 9 how to grow alfalfa, how to get

results from first planting. how to select the field

and prepare the soil. It tells all about fertiliza

tion plowmfi, liming preparing the seed. when

to plant and ow to plant. Tells what to do dur

ing the growing period, how to get bigger than

average crops, and how to cut and cure. The

. contents of this book are worth many dollars to

the farmer interested in growing alfalfa. This

book is ordinarily sold for 25 cents butwe will

gladly send it Without cost or obligation of any

kind it you answer at once. Don’t put it off—

write for free book today. 0

BALLOIM BROS. Will" 00., Bill 9928p wnmoo, ll.





 





 





 





   





Pox-Orchard rune". Anni-£6,131.

Prices lowest possible consistent with





   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Sterling Quality.

Apples....2 Yr. is to 9‘ 4 to 5 ft.

Cherries...2 " lg to 9‘ 356 tofift.

Peaches ...l ” 5-16 to 7-16 3 to 4 ft.

Psars......2 " 9t 4 to 6 ft.



Plums ...... 2 “ lg to 96 4 to b it.

Special prices on large quantity orders.

Personal attention given to budding and grafting.



We guarantee all trees to: quality. variety. sturdinoss,



and to be free from Scale. Buy



from our FREE 1913 Catalog and.

ste Half Agent‘s Price. Write now. ’



IEITIII. WILLIAII IO Dilflll,



41 Elm 8t..Dansvllle. N. Y.





 





STAR FLOWER SEED NOVELTIES





W" F 0 I I0 Cl

5 W, or ny s.

M, Celoslu Castle Gould,

most brilliant of flowers.

. Crego Aster, men s to]:

\ 51 white. enormous in size.

‘ WE? Carnation Everbloomlng.

finest white, large double.

Giant Portulaca, a glorious

new sort of marvelous brilliancy.

Orchid . flowered Pansles.

wonderful colors and forms,



These 5 most Superb Novelties sold

last year for one dollar. Nothing bet-

ter in cultivaton. We mail all 5 with

cultural directions and big Caulogue



FOR ONLY TEN CENTS.

Our bl Catalogue of Flower and Veg.

Seeds, Bu be, Plants and new Fruits [we to all

who apply. We are the largest growers in the

world of Gladiolus, Cannes, Dahlias, Lilies, etc.





" and our stocks are the best and cheapest.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Floral Park, N. Y.





 





 





 





have stood the test for over 40 years.

a firm with a reputation for relisbility.

We grow our trees in the famous Dansville nursery

center where the finest trees come from.

(Mr line of Apple. Peach. Cherry, Pear, Plum and ‘

Quince trees is very choice. Quality considered,

our prices are lowest possible. -

We guarantee our trees true inflame ,2: .

and free from Scale, and will refund 3: 4,“

to 31 invested in every case wherafimnd

otherwise. Write for Catalog and price list

of selected stock. 1. B. Morey Nurseries.

58 Stole St... Dansvllle, l. I.





Buy from





 

 

 





 

 

 

   

 

 





l





 





SKIPPED HILLS RAISE

N'O POTATOES





Every bill you miss in planting A





means money lost out of <9. -

your pocket. No ma. 063??“th





chine can plant pcr- \

A

V““ as e d

p ie c e in





tectly unless there

e v e r space





15 ha n d cor-

rection of

misses

an 0 _andoneon y. No

_ pickets used—no in-

Jury to seed. Perfect

placing 0f feed and uniform

spacmg. Can’t you see that

it must pay for itself?

Write for new booklet.

. “ 100 per cent potato

p1antlng."We make full

line Potato Machines,

Garden Tools. Sprayers,

etc.





llTEMll M’F’G 00.

Box 1045 Brsnlocll. I. J.





doub-

l e s .



10 to 50

bushels





 





 

 

 





 

 

 

   

 

   





.1 worth and ‘19.. stnwberry, Raspberry,

Blackberry, Bush Plants. Grape Vines, and Garden Roots.

Extra heavy rooted. high grade stock. No better





plants can be grown. Everything fully guaranteed.

Cotslog free.

A. A. WESTON &CO.. B Michigan





 

 





 

 





 





WEEDLESS HELD SEED





Are h t e are tr in harder than ever to furnish

our 33.30.39". F515;. ?£D%PLES will shat” that $8

tt near 0 113 n man var e on we

fi?efipeldehlimmoth, Alsilre. Alfalfa. ll‘imothy, Orchard

Gnu. Sweet Glover and all others. If seed of any

kind tosell. send samples and price. Write today.

0. I. SCOT! & SON, 56 Maul Strut. Manuals. 'o.





m ' — i tiee— 1000.

8 Who"! Flags: Agar-(if; 213d twain??? ptiitn-

toes “us . as row—s as us.

~0ntn'lgsspfie. ”stag. PfiafimGEBAllegsn, M 3h.





 





 





       





THE MICHIGAN





;method, a man gets a good idea of the

(ondltlons of each individual tree and its





location and this will help him in decid-

ing which ones should be removed. Use

due consideration and see that the trees

which are left are spaced properly and

still have a chance to get the necessary

amount of food and moisture.



If the trees are to be sprayed it: should

be in the contract that the owner shall

furnish the spray material for the first

year’s spraying, for if this is not stipu-

lated, the cost entailed would take away

all the profits of the fruit.



As to the general care of the renovated

orchard, it‘ will be the same as that for

the general orchard, all the difference

being in the pruning. Be careful not to

prune too heavily the first year. The

average man is too anxious to put the or-

chard in first-class phape the first year

and so he prunes too vigorously. It is

recommended by the best fruit growers

that the first year, it is sufficient to

prune out the dead limbs and then each

year out out. those branches which should

be removed, to give the tree the proper

bearing shape and surface. There is al—

ways a balance maintained between the

roots and the branches and this should

not be disturbed. If too many branches

are pruned away the first year this bal-

ance is destroyed and results in a large

amount of sucker wood being produced.



Other conditions will suggest different

reqyirements but, in the main, these are

the chief considerations which should oc-





_cupy the mind of the would-be orchard





rentler. It requires such a. large invest-





» ment to start an extensive system of or-





chard renovation, that we must carefully

consider all phases of the question.

lngham Co. I. J. MATTHEWS.





TOMATO CULTURE.





 





Prof. XV. W. Tracy, of the United





_ States Department of Agriculture. in ad-





dressing the New Jersey Tomato Grow--

ers, in,.l:muary, spoke upon the methods

of producing high-grade tomatoes for the

canncries. lie pointed out the import-

ance of careful selection of seed and

growing: of plants that, there might be no





checking: from planting‘ of the seed to

setting of fruit. “Strong. stalky, trans-

planted plants,” he declared, “ are es-





sential in order that the fruit may set

and begin ripening during July and Ang-

ust when the days are longest! and weath-

er warm.”



He recommended clay soil for heavy

crops and advocated clover sod ploughed

under in the field and replougbed before

planting. In fertilizing. ho stated he

would use from 10 to 15 loads of stable

manure per acre, borrowed in and sup-

plemented with from 400 to 600 pounds of

fertilizer applied in the row. .Zy follow-

ing theSe rules, be said he had produced

1.200 bushels, or 36 tons, of tomatoes per

acre. For varieties he recommended the

Improved Trophy and Stone. In outlin-

ing the most modern method of improv-

ing Varieties of tomatoes, in order to ob-

tain the large yields mentioned, Mr.

Tracy said:



“Go into your field next summer, just

as the plants are beginning to fruit and

pick out 10 plants which have the most

good fruit on them: or, conversely, pick

out the plants which have the fewest

poor fruit on them, and stake them. Do

not pick these—let them rotuor you can

pick them if you choose to, but pick all

the fruit from each lot separate and put

each lot away, so as to keep the seed

from each plant separate from the rest.

Now you have ten lots of seed, repre«

senting the ten plants which gave the

largest proportion of extra good fruit in

your field. The next spring. take enough

to get a hundred plants, or more if you

want, from each lot and plant them in

ten rows, a hundred plants to the row.

You will be surprised when you come to

watch these. You will. find there will be

the greatest possible difference in the

way in which these ten rows of plants

show up. Some of them will show four

times as many poor fruit as the others.

Select and save seed from the most

promising row and you will have a foun-

dation stock of seed, which with careful

selection annually can be built up into

a high producing strain, with practically

no number two or culls in the crop."



While the lime-sulphur has proved to

be a wonderfully successful spray for

early treatments, it is not satisfactory





for certain diseases, like bitter-rot and

blotch of the apple and black-rot of the

grape. The Department of Agriculture

is now making a study to determine the

limitations of the lime-sulphur solution

and the special advantages of using it

and Bordeaux mixture for certain dis-

eases..





 





 





29— 173





 





there is to know about it.





 





 





 





Note—There’s a Spramotor built for your exact requirements.





Prices range from $6 to $350. You owe it. to yourself to find out all

We forward you the facts with our treatise





on HCrop Diseases” Without placing you under any obligation to buy.





smmoros Lin, 1603 Erie Street, Buffalo, N. v.





The H. P. Spramotor

. shown here is equally



. efficient on row crop or

,1 orchard work. Twelve

nozzles that cannot clog—

sprsys with 125 lbs. pres-

sure—gets after germs.

parasites, canker worms,

makes the blight. impossi-

ble,xriving crops greatest

possible chance for maxi-

mum development.





This machine will

thoroughly spray

" two acres of row

crop in 30 minutes,

the increased yield

‘ will refund cost.

several times every

season.





 





 





You save agent’s profit of 50 to 75

direct from us, the growers.

famous nursery center of Dansville,

Scale and other tree diseases.





Our stock is grown in the

free from San Jose





APPLE-

$522 perlOO

PEACH-

$52£ perlOO

CHERRY-

$5§£ perIOO





percent buying





The trees we send you are full rooted, healthy, care--

fully selected and guaranteed variety true or money back.





OUR FREE FRUIT BOOK





gives a full description, _

' eties of Apple, Peach, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Quince and other

Fruit. and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Berries, V mes, Roses, etc.





Reilly‘s

Reliable

Trees '





It tells what. where and





l 03 Reilly Road.





with lowest prices, oiall leading vari-





how to plant. and how to buy at lowest prices.





Write for a copy now and save money. -





REILLY BROS. NURSERIES.





Dansvillo, N. Y.





 





TR





TA





quality. Stark Trees sl





feet method of growing, transplanting, packing and shipping.





euce. boiled down. is ready for you absolute!

Don’t experiment with fruit: trees of unknown produ





EES Best For Over

l‘ O O Ye a rs

Four generations of fruit tree myg'gcehxmrz:





veness uncertain





Ways pay big. The secret is in Stark limthers’ per-





50 Years Ahead of Any Other Nursery in America

Why don't you take advantage of our Spools! Service Depart-





ment? All Advice Free to You.





how to prune your trees. give

_how to spray the Stark

big money maker. '

trait tree hterature and statistics. Write today.





Stark Bro’s swarms a. ommm a,





(30., It.

A Record qf One Hundred Howrah“ WM 1'





, We send you free the best: scien-

tific methods of preparing your soil for bill!“

best math 5





st profits: show on

of Stark cultivation;

hard 8 winner and 1





lo. so. mursuss, no.





ms in Business





 





 





   

 





   





2'





 





 





 





ill to .





 





French-grown seedlings.





RAT





I?» “I .

WEDUN'T BUY ANY. NURSERY STOCK UNTIL YOU HAVE





Productive—Hardy—Bcgin to bear young.

LAKESHORL NURSERIES. Box l04. - . .





DIAHOND JOE’S BIG WHITF- Earliest Hnturlng Big Enrod Corn in

the world. Hallo 146 bushels {or

for seed. Big illustrated est. og

and Gsrdon Seeds mailed FBI! 1! you mention this paper.





OUR CATALOG.





Lakeshore grown stock—hardy, rugged—best root system.





Buds from prize-winning orchards.





Catalog free. Write

Girnrd. Pennsylvania.





acre. It costs but 25 cents per acre

of seed corn and Ill kinds of Farm





EKIN'S DEED HOUSE. SKIIAIIDOAII, 10'“.





Box 17 WEST SEED CORN GROWEBS m THI WORLD.)





 





REES at HalEAée‘nisPi-ices





lo Peach. First-class 3 ts 4ft. for 60 cuts

3 Elbcrts. 2 Champion. 2 L. Crawford, 0’

2 Crosby. l Greensboro

Other sizes accordingly. Frel t Paid and

Guaranteed. Send for ee Whole-





sale Catalog of a com loin line.

THE WM. J. REI LY NUMEBIES.

Ocular. St.. Danevllle. , .





PULVEBIZED LIME BUCK





We are now booking orders for shipment! of our





Magnesran Lime Rock





for soil purposes beginning March] from our new

pulverizing plant at Muskegon. Michigan. Write

or booklets and lowest '





rises m.

LAKE snoriE STONE 00..

Milwaukee, - - Wisconsin.





BIG SEED” 800K FREE





Just out. Contains

92 pages of valuable and useful information with

prices or implements and ALL KINDS OF SEEDS.

including Alsilre. Alfalfa, Crimson, White. Red and

Sweet Clover: Timothy, Grass and Field Seeds, Bar-

ley, Seed'Oats,’ Seed Corn. and' a complete line of

Vegetable and Garden s. Simply send your

name and address on a postal to





THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED 8| IM-

PLEMENT 00., Dept. 0, Toledo, Ohio





—-All the best varieties

of Peaches. Pits from

H. W. Burris. Hick-

ory. N. 0., buds di-

rect from hearing





trees. Results. sturdy trees and puritybf kinds. Ask for special

prices. NELSON BOOUI, Botsvls Nurseries. Innis, N. Y.





Seed Corn For Sale. “‘2‘?”





   

   

   

   

   

 





   





 





 





 





 





ALFALFA'





How to grow Alfalfa, how to feed it, how to bar-

vest and care for it. Full information for corn

belt farmers who wish to grow this most profit-

able hay crop will be sent free on application,

Also a sample of our extra choice high grade seed.

IOWA SEED co., Dept. 62, Des. Molnos, Iowa.





. a ham Seeds/£4913

7 9 most ‘Bgautt



' " . Garden. 'th 4353!: ,



, is ro



mwflhawé’bo

' « taloque . '



For 36yea'srs We m:



an led Florists and





 





 





 

 

   

 

 

 

 





 





Kg} a no more





_ z‘

.





re ular prices. .

3.3 ' . ventsofflardenfig'- HIRE?

. Dont plsnyourgardenwithoutit.Wr-ito‘ " to—dey

For to cents. stain s or silver. we will msil 20

bulblets beautiful Gladiolus». one-lull Inch slz .

VAUOAHN’S SEED STORE °

Dept K. 31-33 W. Randolph St. CHICAGO.





APPLE TREES-ALL KIX'DB Trees and plants

Prl ransom .

waited. MITCHBLL'geleRSBRel..Bes:le.fl:5-.





 





Erwin H. Krsuss, B. 110 1, no: No. 7, Bebewaiu. Mich.





 





in... writing advertisers mention Ilehijan far-er
a: ‘ Q‘ ‘~‘ u

m mommy.





.4 ha 4~ 11"»





.. .Jz"z‘i';"..«s’igz. .-





 





 





Wmuwx. I“ ..





THE MICHIGAN FARM'ER





 





FEB. 8, 1913. ,





 





 

 

 





and other features make





lightest draft plows that do

behind EMERSON impleme

or catalog on any other farm i





 





182 Iron Street. Rockford, ill. largest





 

 

 

 





Steam Traction Engines. Threshing Mac





 





cushion springs, larger axle sleeve—extra strong bottoms.





Use EMERSON plows—riding or walking—arid you will have

the bestoalue your plow money can buy—also the easiest-to-Operate,





EMERSON-BRANTINGHAM IMPLEMENT CO. use.)





Plows, Barrows, Pulverlzers. Listers, Spreaders, Planters, Drills, Cultivators,

Mowers. Hay Tools, Baling Presses Corn Sheilers. Gas En ines, Farm Tractors,

nines. Road Boilers,





' This Is what: a'Child Can Do with the





Emerson Foot-Lift Plow





HIS little girl is lifting, with



lzerfoot, the combined weight

- - of her father and the plow

bottoms. Actual tests prove that

the EMERSON is, the easiest-

luma’led plow in the world, the

first foot-lift plow made.



Light Draft—The EMERSON

Foot-Lift Plow is compact; the

load is close to the team and car-

ried on the wheels; the plows are

locked, rigid, and in proper posi-

tion always. It is the lightest-draft



low.



Durability—Celebrated Emer-

29035 son magazine, always oiled, single-



piece steel frame, heavy bracings,

These ‘

the EMERSON the most durable plow.





 

   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





the best work. Sixty years of success

nts. Write today for Plow booklet,

mplement you are interested in.





   

 

 





Line of Farm Machinery in the World





   





 

 





ozone and Vehicles.





 





 





 





 





l





u are of as high quality as Wing's Alfalfa,

Corn and other farm seeds. Try them.





g Great 1 0c Offer ,





\l l. L We will maillarge packet Beet, Lettuce,

, Radish, Turnip and several samples of .

4:;





.~__1 choicest Field Seeds for we postpaid. _:





_ u And How H :v.

lg Auaua.0..... FREE .4

L" ~>r Our catalog helps farmers make more .

1 money. is a complete guide to Alfalfa . ,. , .

Cillture. Describes ficld-, vegetable-, and

/ flower seeds. Writefor your free copy.

' ‘ i / Wing urg,0-





 





 

 





 





A New Wonder From





I. H. HALE

“The Peach King"





-» A —-- Rudy After 8 Years' Tests—After 3.“!0

J. H. HALE Trees Planted-Orcharduts Enthusiastic

At last the wonderful “J. B. HALE" peach'is oflered

for commercial planting. The most amezmg peach

the country has ever known. Fruit twice as large as

Elberta; color deep yellow. overlaid With curmine;

flesh firm and melting; smooth. fuzzlcss skin; most

luscious flavor: extremely hardy—27 degrees below zero

failed to injure. Tested in all peach soils and climates.

Experts assert it will rove the greatest. money-maker

ever planted in U.S. arly growerswill make fortunes.

gSend Name for loo-Page Book Free

Describes the new ' ‘J. H.HALE' ' peach and complete assortment

'of William P. Stark guaranteed trees. No agents. You save

50 per cent and get better trees. Book sent only on request.





WM. P. STARK NURSERIES, Sta. B 18 , STARK CITY. MO.





ruin it 5-9





   

   





 





 





 





Pean.l





NVESTICATE—Beat and Che-vest Seedl Known.

Al'sike Clover and Timothy mixed. Fully 1-3 :l'sike. a big

bar ain. Greatest hay and pasture combination grown.

Wr te for Free Sample and 76-page catalog and circulars

describing this wonderful grass mixture. Beats an thin



on can sow and ridiculously cheap. We handle on y bes

ested recleaned seed guaranteed. Write before advance.

I. A. IERRV SEED 00.. Box! 631. Olerlnde, Iow-





'BF.8T MAPLE SYRUP EVAPORATOH





OT 3 single feature of our Maple Evaporator



can be dispensed with. Simplest and most

economical way of

making Maple

Syrup. Produces . 4‘-

highest quality‘

which brings the .





 





 

   





 





most money. ,

in 22 sizes for large . 'f'.» -

and small groves.



Write for catalog and state number of trees you tap.





GRIMM MANUFACTURING CO.

61 9 Champlain Ave.. N. “L, Cleveland, Ohio,





CIDER PRESSES





The Original Mt. Gilead Hydraulic Preu

produce: more cit‘lfir frorai less



lest an an 0 er on ma

‘11)pr MONEY KIAKEB. Sizes

10 to 400 barrels daily. Also

cider evaporators, apple-

butter cookers, Vinegar

generators, etc.



CATALOGUE FREE.



m YDRAULIO PRESS MFG. 00.

I31 coln Ave. Ht. Gilead. Ohio.





   

 

   

 





 





 





The Berlin Quart Our Specialty f





A WHITE package which insures l

highest prices for your fruit. i

Write for 1913 catalog show-

ing our complete line, and secure

your BASKETS. CRATES. etc. at

WINTER DISCOUNTS

Till BERLIN FRUIT MIX 00.,

Berlin Heights. Ohio.





~Bu¥ now. Low

ire ght rates on

account. of cen- :

' t 1' 8.] location. i





f l‘ ht nd durable Iii-quart. crate for 26 ‘

Eggpleagoerii'im slid. Hot-bed'sash for sale. Catalog

free. . E. Hunt Son. 400 Condit St.. Lansing. Mich





.TRIWBEIIIII PLIIITS 52;“.223333. 30333:

flailiiili‘v'pnfdtsa}? “1"an Paw, Mich,





Mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing to advertisers.





'7





I

I





 





hassling—Reeds.





“_ Bulbs. Vines.

Shrubs. CtC-e

by mail. post-

paid. Safe ar-

rival and satis-

faction guar-

a. n t e e d. 5_9

years Of fair

dealing. Hun-

dreds of car-

loads of Fruit

a n d 0 r n a-

mental Trees.

1.200 acres, 60 in hardy roses—none better grown.

47 greenhouses of Palms, Ferns. Begonias, Cera-

niums. etc. immense stock of Superb Cannes.





 

 

 





 





. the queen of bedding plants. Large assortment





of hardy Perennial Plants, which last for years.

nos-Page Catalog FREE. Send for It Today.





The Storrs 8L Harrison 00., Box 46, Palnesvllle,0hlo.





DODSEEDS





.gg sssr III THE wonLn



:‘ 8.... Prices Below All Others



‘ will give a lot of new

sorts freexwith every« order I

fill. Buyand test. Return if

,. not 0. K.—-money refunded.





Big Catalog FREE





tables and flowers. Send yours

‘ .. and your neighbors’ addresses.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois.





‘ ‘ Your name on Postal will

' ’ ‘ w bring free. 6 plants of the

famous Bradley Strawberries

and our 40vpage Book of in-

struction“How to Grow Great.

Crops of Strawberries" also

Chapter on each Raspberries,

Blackberries. Grapes, Goose-

berries, Asparagus and Rhu-

barb, and fruit trees. All

about theFall bearing Straw-

berries. Write todny. Postal

card is all that is needed.





BRADLEY BROTHERS.

Box 23.Mal{anda,‘ = = Illinois.





NEW STRAWBERRIES.





Catalog free. Reliable, interesting and instructive.

All about the new :everbearers and other important





3%.”; The New Progresswe Everbearing Strawberry

Rockhills Best of All. Now offered for the first.

Plants sot lasts ring and fruiting until the ground

froze. Produces at the rate of 1000 per acre. A

GREAT SENSATION. Address





0. ll. Flansburgh &. Son, Jackson, Mich.

Apple Trees





Sc Each

Cherry l4c

Plum 15c, Catalpa

Speciosa Seedlings, 8 to lain.$l.75 per 1000



These are a few examples of the rock-bottom prices quoted in

my new 19l3 Catalog. Lists all kinds of nursery stock such as

Vegetable, Flower, Grass and Farm Seed. Alfalfa, Clover, Field

Grass Seed. Seed Potatoes, Corn and Grain, Fruit and Forest

Trees, Small Fruits and Flowering Shrubs. Freight prepaid on

$10 tree orders. We have no agents. Send for Catalog today.

German Nurseries and Seed House, Box 115. Beatrice. Nebr.





PURE FIELD SEEDS





Clever. Timothy. Alsike. Alfalfa and all kinds of

Pure Field Seeds direct. from producer to con

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A C. HOYT. 60.. Fostoria. 0 i0.





500 000 TREES, APPLE, PEACH, ETC.





b .' lants. Catalo us Free.

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STRAVBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW





All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY.

CURRANT and GRAPE Plants and ASPARACUS Roots in

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0. E. WRITTEN. IOX IO. IRIDCMAN. MICHIGAN.





 





 





 





 





 





 





H I87GrownRifiMfiand’ledRightl9l3





CHERRIES 4°. PLUMS 5°. APPLE. .0-

Write at once for our Free bulletin, is

gold mine of information about bi!

planting and growing trees, KING I 08-

NURSIRIES 9 Oak St. Din-VINO. N. V.





 

 





THINNING PEACHES WITH PRUNING

SHEARS.



During the beautiful weather we are

having, or at least have had, we can do

much to lessen the work of thinning

peaches next summer when our work is

crowding us. Every peach grower knows

that thrifty trees will have very heavy

foliage and, with the picture of a fully

leaved tree in mind and pruning shears

in hand, a tree can be opened up to ad-

mit light when the bare ti'eesdo not in-

dicate that any more light is needed.

Most peach trees are over-loaded with

fruit buds now and every little branch

removed lessens ’the number of peaches

to be removed by thinning next summer.

Of course, we may get some extremely

cold weather which will kill peach buds,

but with wild geese present at this time

of year I believe we are reasonably safe,

unless the geese I saw were too lazy to

go south or nature did not warn them

of extremes to come.



Usually labor is available at this time

of year and one can more easily get help

to trim than to thin.



My method is~to remove undesirable

limbs from the center of the tree so that

the sun can strike the north side of the

tree, by thinning through the middle from

above. Before removing a limb of any

size (that is, from one inch up) I try

to determine what the chances are for

the limb just beneath it splitting off. If

there is any possibility of the limb just

below splitting from the trunk I leave

that limb, which otherwise I would take

out.



In looking through a tree many small





branches will be seen which. when

covered with leaves, will make a dense

mass. Many times by taking out alter-





nate branches the proper thinning will

be accomplished without having to con-

sider each branch separately. lranches

that reach -out beyond the majority Of

limbs should be headed back,



If conditions continue as

been there will be an enormous crop of

peaches. Last year practically all the

fruit buds in most of the peach sections

of Michigan were killed by the extreme

cold weather. This year these trees are

over-loaded with fruit buds. Now, un-

less thinning and thorough spraying is

practiced the crop will be large and the

quality poor.





they have





 





’ Over 700 illustrations of vege- ,





It is a long time before the Michigan

peach will be on the market and yet a

long time before Michigan's 1912 crop of

apples is consumed, but not too long to

be considering the best means of selling

:llllS year’s crop. In my mind I can see

ltliousands of bushels of peaches offered

,l‘or sale that are. under-sized, scsibby, and

Egiizirly; these will brim;r low prices. The

man who can offer for sale largo—sized,

smooth, perfect peaches will be able to

command a good price even if he has to

do extensive advertising and sell by the

dozen by parcels post.



\Ve must not forget that we can fairly

accurately forecast market and fruit con—

ditions as to fine fruit, and govern our-

selves accordingly. Thin [all that is

practicable between now and the time

growth starts and complete the job when





the fruit comes. Raise peaches that will

weigh a pound each if you can.

BCl'l‘lell Co. R. G. THOMAS.





 





PROVIDE A SPRAY RIG THAT WILL

MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS.





 





The time is at hand when many will

probably be looking up the matter of pur—

chasing spruy pumps and suggestions as

to what will proVe most efficient under

different circumstances may be helpful

in making selections. The outfit that will

prove most sastifaciory will depend on

both the size of the trees and the e'txernt

of the orchai‘dS. Some reference will

doubtless be necessary, too, to the. matter

of future needs. If one has an orchard

of smaller trees~s1i0h as peach, plum,

and perhaps pears, that are not too large,

a light rig will be found most convenient.

With the proper combination of pump,

nozzles, rod, etc, considerable ground

can be covered in a day, especially during

the dormant period when spraying for

scale, and a heavy rig will be found too

heavy for a team to haul over so much

ground. Formerly we did considerable of

this work with the hand pump, having a,

tank carrying 100 gallons, one man drivi

ing the team and doing the pumping and

another holding the spray rod. A spray

rod only four feet. long was found most

convenient for this work, as it was long

enough to reach all parts of the tree by

a man standing on the trucks and it did

not become tangled in the limbs as a





 





longer rod would. A cluster of three or





 





four nozzlesiwas usedgldepe'nding soniee, .

what on the capacity of the noz’zlés,’”so’

that the pump could be worked to its

capacity. Of course, it was not practicaJ

ble to spray but one side of the tree, in'

going over the orchards in early spring,

when the wind was blowing, but with,

this outfit we could cover one side nearly

as fast as a team could walk. With full

growu peach trees the nozzles were kept

Open the greater part of the time, turn-

ing them on the tree as it was approach?

ed, and coming to a stop for a moment

Just as the man with the rod came 0D-

posite the tree, then continuing as the

tree receded. In this way .is much as

15 to 20 acres corild be covered on one

side in a (lay. Later we found a small





‘gas engine with a jack which was de-





signed to work on a well pump. This

was attached to the handle of this pump.

With this rig one man drives and sprays.

saving one man’st ime. TVe think a.

good deal of this rig and use it as much

as any outfit we have.’ “'ith a longer rod

this could be used- in spraying larger ap-

ple trees as well as if the orchard con-

tains but a few trees. Some use their

large two-horse rigs for spraying peach

trees. using hose long enough to extend to

two or three rows of trees from the wag-

on. and this would perhaps be an eco-

nomical rig if one has a considerable

acreage of apples and only wishes to

keep one rig. But with very many peach

or smaller trees to -cover I think the

lighter outfit will be found most conven-

lent. If. however, there are very many

larger apple trees. the large two-horse

machine will be found most efficient, as

more expeditious work can be accom—

plished with these.





Another important matter in connection

with the spray outfit is the. nozzle com-

bination. For the smaller trees thereis

small doubt that the funnel-shaped sprays

are the finest and Very best, but for the

larger trees these with us cannot be

made to carry the spray to all parts of

the tree with any spray rod that is prac-

t‘icablo to carry. During some Of the

more important applications on the apple

trees only a very few days arevallowed in

which this work must be done, and we

find that the only practical way is to do

as thorough a. job‘ as, possible in

going over the trees once, and not pre-

sume to wait for any change of wind

for a second application in finishing the

work. “'ith the funnel sprays the liquid

can not be carried against the wind at

all. and a nozzle: becomes necessary that

will do this to some extent. Something

like the Bordeaux type of nozzle will do

this, and while they do not make the

idea] mist-like spray that the others do.

yet by putting on those which are rather

fine and using a sufficient number of

these in a cluster to carry the maximum

amount of liquid that can be economically

handled. and by keeping up a good pres-

sure a very satisfactory job can be done.





A matter worthy of mention, too, is

the length of the spray rods used. T’Ve

have one or two rods 10 feet long for use

on the ground in reaching some of the

taller apple trees, but for the most part

we use eight-foot rods among the apple

trees. A longer i'od than this is very

tiresome for a man to hold all day, and

it is a better than the average. hired man

who will not hold his hands near the

middle of a very long pole, letting the

ends balance over his hands or partially

so. and so really get the nozzles no

farther out than does a man holding a

shorter rod. Then. too, a very long rod

is inconvenient in getting among the

limbs of the trees as it is more likely to

become tangled in the branches. I have

been able to throw a spray over a tree

30 feet high with one of the above noz-

zles while standing on the ground and

with a good strong pressure at the pump.



Most pump manufacturers are now

making two kinds of pumps. one the Old

horizontal kind with a single cylinder

and solid plunger and the other a two-

cylinder upright pump with solid plungers

and the packing at the top and readily

accessible. With the latter any leak is

apparent and a turn or two. with the

wrench will stop it. until the packing is

worn out, when it can be readily renew—

ed. T’Vith the old style the packing is

liable to wear and a large leak past the

plunger occur without its being discov-

ered. In this way the pressure may be-

come greatly reduced before it is discov—

ered. It is quite a job to get the plunger

out, too, and repack it. The old pumps

have a longer stroke than the new ones.

however, and a little larger size of the

new kind will be required to pump the

same quantity of liquid.





'Allegan Co. EDWARD HUfrCHINB.
FEB. 8, 1913. l





_- .8"





 





l





. h

a





. T H E' M I c H‘I‘G’A‘N V'F’A’R M E R





Let Wile Ship YOU





This 1913 Spreader





 

 





 





bet

GEAR!

est t





 

 

 

 





 





Gallows

moving t e load.





special features.

of spreader.





 

 

 





i.





Now. I'm out to break my own records.





tell me—I can't.





I say free. I mean FR





0W ,





satisfied—W. G. SUTFIN. Dundee, Ill.

Sir: My Galloway Spreader works as fine as silk





Dear Sir: The spreader I bought of you is a dandy.





It is 0. K.-—GER. McCARTHY. Monona. Iowa.





 





,/// .

////





 

 

 

 

 





 





Not one cent down.





Galloway worth $26.00 more than an

draft—two horses will handle it easi y.





You know Galloway. You know his fair, square. straight-from-the-

shoulder way of doing business direct with the farmer from his factories

and saving you the 30% to 50% middleman’s profit.” No man in the coantry

ever gave the farmers as square a deal as Bill Galloway.





I know I’ve done'it. but I'm going to leave it to you.

out a fairer proposmon than I In making for 1913, I wish you’d write and





Write Me-Get My Special 1913 Proposition





Here comes the best news of all. I am going to help you get your

spreader partly or even entirely free. No canvassing—no soliciting. When

EE. I’ve been four years working out this plan. and

say it’s the biggest, fairest and most liberal co-operative offer ever made.

I want you to get my offer right away. I don’t want you to wait a minute. I

have a special reason for wanting you to hurry and I'll tell you when you write me.





Here’s the Proof:





Gentlemen: My Galloway Spreader was ordered about the first of February, 1909. and

Is a 50-bu. machine. I have run over a thousand loads of manure through it. Perfectly





, and I have the $30 left that it would

have cost me if I had bought a trust spreader.——S. E. TRE .





without the least trouble and with two small horses not weighingovcr 1,100 pounds each.

I use the 60-bu. size and I would advise anyone in need of a spreader to try the Galloway

and see for themselves. It is the lightest running and the strongest in the market today.





/ '1/ // //

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////7////////////





ORE handsome styles shown than in 251

M Just the buggy you want is pictured a

Vehicle because you get 30 d



not satisfied and a2 Year Guarantee if you buy.

Vehicles and fine harness.

beat the dealer’

chop oil the middlemen.





H. C. Phelps, President,





No bank deposit.





it. Put on all she’ll hold. Tali





is etter than ever.

war from





other a reader so d t

Pull





 





”his ONLY WAY

Is THE. GALLOWAY





Selling Direct from

actory to Farm





Now Get My Big 1913 Catalog—It’s





If you can figure





 

 





NKS, GEddeB. S. D

Ihave hauled 150 loads with it





 





 





 





 





 





 





.% .W





5 prices.





 

 





Keep your money in your

, , own pocket. I just want you to try my new Spreader. that’s all. Try it right

on your own farm for a whole month free. air

of testing an

half above the

heaviest trumped—down, slou

ter. 'I'ake it into your





eat it out as you wouldn’t thi

{outlier spreader in the world. Pile on the manure a. foot and a

. e the fine, powdered stuff or the toughest.

h-hay kind from the calf yard. If it's frozen so much the

old. whip your team to a gallop and

. I know that’s an awful test. So do you! A test no other manufacturer dares

g 0 you. But do you think fora minute I'd ship you a spreader and let on abuse it

that way if I didn't know it would make

for seven years. and the Galloway toda

But the best proof of all is the machine tself—oleven

able drive chains furnishing

The only endless apron orce feed. roller bearin





ow what I’m doing. I’ve made t e sameofi'er

40,000 farmers have

: atented features—all exc naive with the

0th wheels alike direct to the heater and

feed spreader built. Makes the

. w down—easy to load—ll ht

etween w'ieels entirely on the reach—and many at or

I can’t tell them all—just get my catalog before you buy any other make or style

t I





illustrated free spreader catalog.





right to your farm for 30 days’ free test. And above

all, get posted on m y S P E C IA L LIMITED

OFFER.

another like it.





I want you to get that offer sure.

Send me the coupon or letter or





“A Streak





The only book of its kind in

the world. It tells you met the

practical facts every man ought to



now about fertilizing. Tells how to

handle manure, how to treat it.

keeplt and use it to the best possi-

ble advantage.

dollars to an y business farmer.

Regular priee one dollar. Free to

you when you





glilliam Galloway, 5:51 WILLIAM GadALLmAYCEOMEANYE Zilldliialgofiey Siatifv'ii’ “Waterloo, Iowa ’





argest dealers’ stores. 160 pages bristling with buggy bargains:

t a price that’ll tempt'your purse. You’ll buya Split Hickory





ay Free Road Test over roughest country, money back if you’re





I’ve sold over 167,000 Farmers my famous Split Hickory Two ‘

My record is 12 years of giving the best buggy values and guaranteeing to Year





I sell only direct to you from my mammoth factories.

Keep his profit in your own pocket.





Phelps Shows You the Biggest Selection of High-Grade Buggies in

America and GUARANTEES $25 to $40 Saved!





This fine big catalog of mine is absolutely free to you and I’m even willing to pay the postage because I

honestly believe you’ll decide in favor of my Split Hickory Vehicles when you see them pictured~andpriced so

low. Send me your name and address today on a postal card or letter and get this book immediately.





THE OHIO CARRIAGE MFG. CO.,





 





SLAM 11‘ IN





roved it.





30 i’a‘li





Absolutely I'm





Not





of Gold ”





Worth a hundred





t8 me.





i





W





//

limo/m





///////////l





// w/

ill/l





/





Station 32 ,





 

 





 





RI F. D'.I. I... D.

We will also send you FREE our new 6-color. big, iii-page general mer-





//





 

 





Thus I can afford to





F





 

   

   

 

 





Don't let this paper get out of our hands until you have sent for Galloway‘s wonderful big

ind out how you can get a Galloway Spreader shippe Q





I

'I





yours.





of information.





Name. ....... .....





i





 





Guarantee





   





latest manure spreader book and your valuable





i

I

x.-- ........ ...... . .................





A Streak of Gold,” free.





-.State..........





' 31——175





EE ’





- $39-39»





   

   

 





Athclnnent





   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





:.\





FREE

----





FREE coupon





 





 





WILLIAM WOWIY. President.

I THE wuum GALLOWAY co.

649 Galloway Still!!!»





' I want to know more about that 1913 oifer of

Tell me all about it and send me





at





chandislng book—giving 1,000.0r more bargains in machinery, buggies.

harness, furniture, rugs. draperies. etc.; everything you need for the home.





////////////////////////I//////////////





Ill/ll W





M W, ,

,”’//////’jf5”/’ff”’,”””//

W7

//////i///////////////7/////





   

 

 

 

 





Days’ Free

Road Test

ofTIu's Auto

Seat Buggy





   

   

   





 





as. SPRAYZER





oi?





Free Trial





No - money - in -

advance, no bank

deposit.





Kill the scale—save your trees-increase

gour crop 6096 by using a BURST SPRAYER.



prayers for every purpose—man, horse

and gasoline power. All develop high

pressure and have thorough agitation.

Horse DOWeI‘ works automatically .

in field and orchard. No hand

pumping required. All Hurst

Sprayers have brass hall valves.

plungers. strainer, and packing

band. No leather or rubber to

cause trouble.





Guaranteed tor 5 years. We pay freight.

Write us today and we will send you cata-

log and spraying guide, showing all kinds





of Sprayers. also special free sprayer offer.

Write today. Be first and save money.





II. 1.. BURST MFG. COMPANY

243 North sa. Canton. Ohio





 





 





 





 





T R . 8 sdish Select and In American. Two

hoe-glee: yieldrrs from “erupt-riot!“ tasted,

also Alfalfa. Clover, Timothy. Barley. Milli:

whatnot-and “In!!! use . H



SEE” cull quality, low price. Samples and Catalog Fry‘s:

TRIO. BURY Ii SONS. Moire-e. 0M0“,





 





 





SPRAYEBS NECESSARY





'1 Some States make you spray now; others will

follow soon. But you must apply right solu-

tions, at the right time, in the right way. You

.1 need a_ Sprayer with best pumps

and adjustments for your purpose.





IRON/102'





SPRAYERS



l havethese advantages. to com-

binations—Bucket, K n a p s a c k,

Barrel, Traction and Power Spray—

ers—$3 to $300. Pumps outside,

will not corrode; handle any solution,



Sprayers in units. complete or in parts to build up



those already lll use. Ask your dealer ='



to Show them and write for new Ivooklct, .



“Spraying Vin“. Trur and ‘



81mins." \Ve also make full line



potato machines. garden tools, etc.





BATEMAN M'F’G C0.

Box ltll—N

Grenloch, N. J.





 

 

 





I

Build from this to





 

 

 

 

   

   

 





 

 

 





 





E II) DAY

Orchardlest





We will ship you any Barrel Spray-

ing Outfit in our catalog for a that“

ough Ten-Days’ FREE Test.





Get ur New Catalog

-Speciai roe Trial Offer

Direct-from-Iactory-tu-Iarm Selling plan

I saves you fully 40% . _l f not greatest bargain

’ you ever saw. return it~test costs nothing.

Wm. Stall! Sprayer 00...!“ 328 Quincy. Ill.





 

 

 

 





 





 

   





I’l‘ Corn.

,m...m \ Farm Seeds 0...,

lLfililiiig l Medium, Mammoth and A 1 s i k e





\gfi-Eij‘gl‘ " I Clover. Timothy, Grasses. Beans, etc.

. s...’ o. c. 3mm cons u Manchu. o.





.w





 





 





   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





—is a record breakerfibfed to suit conditions

in the Corn Belt. Posmvely the largest berried

and heaviest yielding oat in the world.

Strongest straw—thinnest hull and matures

10 to 14 days earlier than any other. Grain

white and wonderfully rich in protein and oils.





   





Send 25c for half pound Sample and Coupon



Eood ior 35c worth of our pedigreed seeds.



artons Book of the Farm” tree on request.

CARTON-COOPER SEED co.



38 First Street SUGAR GROVE. ILL.





l 20 “-35%? ACR

mum’s iiiw mum





OATS





THERE IS BIG MONEY IN OATS if you

grow the right kind. HATEKIN'S NEW AL'

ERTA. Canada. OATS grow Bigger Crops. More

Bushels per acre and better quality than any Oat in the

World. Our Seed all grown on new virgin soil—clean

ground: free from noxious weed seeds. from crops

yicldins 125 TO 140 BUSHELS PER ACRE

weighing 45 TO 60 LBS. PER BUBHEL.

FREE siflpl Ask for sample and compare

them with any other seed oats

oficrcd. or in the World. Our Big illustrated Seed

Catalog of Cats. Seed Com. Grass. Clover and all kinds

of farm and garden Seeds mailed FREE on Request.

ADDRESS RATEKIN'S SEED HOUSE

SHENANDOAH, iOWA 30817





 

     





 





 





 





Kimrs nestles the nutrient ruini-

when won an urltis'issdveriissrs.





I





 





Pl





 





 





suits.





 





 

 

 





similar tool.





handle.





anet Jr.





W C o m bin e d

Horse Hoe and Cultivator

cuts down the work of growing

corn, potatoes and similar crops.

Gives bigger and better rc-

Adapled for more ‘



different kinds of field- As

work than any





Strong, light, easy tot—



Fully guaranteed.



FREE $4.3": illitnittrdated catalog.

r e on o 83'.



S I. ALLEN & C0





Box 1101M

Phila Pa





   

 

 

   

 

 

 





 





   

 





 





 

   

 





 





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 





 

 





 





 





Climbers,





buster paying orchards.





4'1””





Celery City Nurseries, Box 88





 

 

 

 

 





Look as well as the finest western Viro-

duct and their quality is better. p

trees are hardy, and disease-resisting.

They have strong "roots and sturdy

t trunks with many branches.

.1, an crops are t a rule from Kalamazoo“

Fruits bring highest prices. M





Money-Saving Catalog

, Describes and illustrates our

complete line of fruit trees,

We grow all the best Ornamental Shrubs, ROM”,

Hardy Plants, etc. ‘



splendid bargains and valuable advice. Helps planters to





Our

Abund-





FREE





and berry plants.





‘Catalog otters





   





Write for your free copy toda .

Kalamazoo mg.





 





 





laterloo. lows





on nnnnnnn a





one ones nun-oss- an. ass
New. , fg-Gy-Lruer





.- no.5: am





154;.» 4...... -:‘ ..,





 





 





176—32





BIBEDEIS’ DIREC'NIY.

CATTLE.





—Horses. cattle. shee . swine and



For sale poultry.M nearly all pbreeds. Sires

exohan ed. South We hlgan Pedigreed Stock

avidWoodman. Syo'y. reas. .Paw Paw. Mich





Aberdeen-An us.

Herd. consisting of TrojelsEn Erioas. B ackbirds and

Prides. on]. is hes ded byE gerton W. the GRAND

OHA MPIO bull at the State. West Michigan and

:31?“ Clityd Fairs of 191?. and the sire of winners at these

rsand at HE INTERNATIONAL. Chloagi of

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM, Ionia. lch h.





AY‘RSHIRES‘O“ .. ......... “I"

breeds: young bulls



and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine. ll pure



bred. Michigan School for Deaf. Flint. Mich.





 





 





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,





'YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.





HICKS GUERNSEY PAR“. Saginaw. W. S.. Mich.

REG GUERNSEY BULL CALVES—large improved





Yorkshire hos sows bred of the best breeding.

Price cheap. JO 11 EBELS. a. 10. Holland Mich





llA'l'ClI lllilill IIOLSTEINA ‘0h8‘°° “Eifif’sifi?

onable prices. HATCH HERD. Ypsilgnti. Michigan.

HOIOE Bull Calves frbm A. R. O. dams. Sired by





our herd sire whose dam and sire’ s dam each made

over 30 lbs. in 7 days E. R. Cornell. Howell. Mich





Service Bulls and Bull calves





Slred by Johanna Gorcordla Champion,





whose sire's dam and dam’s dam average 34.06

lbs. butter in 7 days. average fat 4.67 % Also cows

and heifers bred to him. I can offer you bulls at

bargain prices. Try me and see, and do it quick.





L. E. CONNELL,

Fayette. - . -





Holstein Bull... 0“” K°‘i‘2‘.’.‘c‘f"is“3 3.228115%;





3rd. Sired by best son of Pontiac Butter Bo

Price only $50. 0. D. WOODBUBY. Lansing. Mic





Bigelew’e Holstein Farms





BreedsvilleI Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





Holstein Bulls.





I 3-year-old Herd Bull, $200.

Very Choice. Gentle and guaranteed.





I 12 Months old. --------- $150

I 4 . 75





lOIIIi Elcli FIHHl, lugusla. (Kalamazoo 00. )Mlch.





FEEDS KENFIELD, Prop.





 





Ohio.





 





 





 





FOR SALE—HOLSTEIN BULL CALF





Born June 5.191 a son of the Kin of the

Pontiacs from a 2daughterd of Hengerveld $9 Kol.

Dam of calf. an daughter of Sadie Vale

Ooncordia' 13 Paul DeKol. her dam 112011.. imported cow.



E ..8 LEWIS. Marshall, Mich.





Purebred Registered





H OLSTE IN CATTLE





The Greatest Dairy Breed

Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklet

Holstein-Friction. Alum. Box I64. Brettlebere.Vt.





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Yearlin bulls all sold. Choice bull calves from 1 to



4.1110 oi of fashionable breeding and from dams

with 'ofiitiul milk and butter records for sale at

reasonable prir-





MoPHERSONe sFARM?) 00.. Howell. Michigan.

LIlIie Farmstead Jerseys





(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free {rem Tuber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale No females for sale at

presenti oSatisfaction guaranteed.



00L NC. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich.





FOUR CHOICE l. H. II. HOLSIEIII BULL BILVES





from six weeks to one year old. Price $40 to 9150. ELLIS

W. DORIN. Brookside Farm. Sunfleld. Mich. R.F.D. 3.





BULL CALVES'géii‘fiin1i9fi‘gifielfé

breeding. Bpe cial prices for uick sale. YPSIL AND

FARMS. Ypsilanti. Mich" ole Brothers. Owners.





A new CIIIIICE some. .F'ls‘ee. 33932312“





GREGORY a BORDER. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





—young bulls out of A.B 0.

l'lOlSlBlll Frl.:lan cal". dams and sired by a bull with

a 311 b. dam. W. B. ONES. Oak Grove. Michigan





Fun S‘LE—Registered Holstein Bull. ready for ser

Vice. A. 0. breeding. Price 8100. Write

for pedigree. CHAS. B.ILEY Metamora. Mich





Hereford Bulls For Sale, llso Poland China Hogs.





ALLEN BROS.. Paw Paw. Michigan.





egistereds Holstein heifer. born Jan 8.1912 Mostly

Rwh Sires 3 nearest dams have 7- day butter rec-

ordsw that ave rage 2] lbs. Delivered at your express office

for 81%. Write for pedigree. Hobart W. Fay. Mason. Mich





—Bulls ready for service. bred for

Jerseys production. Also cows and heifers

Breakwater Farm. R. F.D . No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.





FOR Sale.Jersey Bulls. old“ enough for service. sired by a grand-

400son of! mp. interested Prince and from cows that produce

400% 500 lbs butter annually. A. Newman Bl, Mariette, Mich.





BUTTER





RED JERSEY BULIS





cmrs'ru. Which“

one: Greek. guilty. Michigan.





 





Scotchw Sliworiliom Bulls and Holler: For Sale.





APP. Howell, Michigan.





Hairy Ind ShoJrihorns; 3.3"". ”:33" dwifl‘T'sd‘ii

all sold. Mm M83011. Michigan.





—Large Cattle—Bea Milk

glolg xgdtlomt: 3112:639me of allh’owe Maori»:

°' wk N52. atho. 4. Watervliet. Mich.





stuns-asc- llc IICIIGAN Mill!

when m midi-gm.





 





 





Earn Money, Boys!





There s a nice chance to pick up some





money among the neighbors with a





Rumely Watts Corn Sheller No.2





AND A

Rumely Olds Engine 4 %-H. P.





You can do your own shelling at

home — save half the cost of contract

shelling and do It when It should be done.

Then when work is slack—work for the

neighbors.



The engine comes skid mounted or portable so

youcan take It fonyw shells! will be a

money no hero on. WorkingwithaRumel

011. Endue‘liZ—lipqitwfllhendlefrom 156

to ISO bushels an hour.





Send for Shell" Data-

booleN o. 35 I EngineDala-

book No. 344.





RUMELY PRODUCTS CO.

(lncorpbrated)



Power-Farming Machinery



Battle Creek - 546



Home Office: le’erte. Ind.





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





Saw your own .

wood and save

time, coal

and mono ;

your neig ~

bore and

MAKE

’y $5 to $15 aDAY





Hundreds are doing it





with an APPLETON WOOD SAW





We make 7 styles—steel or wood frame

—stationarv or mounted on truck with

gasoline engine. making a



Portable Wood-Jawing Rig

Rigid frame, lathe-turned arbor. running

in self adjusting. non- -heating. dust-proof

boxes makes our saw frames simple.

strong. safe and succesful.



We also make the famous

FRICTION-DRIVE DRAG SAW

APPLETON CIRCULAR LOG SAW.

Ask for our completefiee catalog.





APPLETON MFG. CO.





620 Fargo St“ Batavio. Ill.





 

 





 





 





 





$ 1 0 , 0 0 O . 0 O

Guarantee Protects You





If this Hertzler & Zook Grain Drill does not satisfy

iyou in every way and we fall to return your money



full and pay freight both ways. we forfeit a 810, 000

local bond which our bankers hold to protect ou.

Mustn’t we be mighty sure that ours Is the est

all-round drill on the market. or would we dare

backlt up with a 810. 000 bond? The matter Is all

one~slded in your favorbyou can’t possibly lose.

We pay freight and send you the





HERTZLER & 200K





Grain Drill

On 30 Days’ Free Trial





If It satisfies you. keep it at our low price. If it

doesn t,sl11p it back at our expense and we will

refund all gour- money or forfeit 01 10.000—our

bankers hol it for you. This drill sows



of grain. seed or fertilizer accurately uilt for

hard work. High. broad- tire wheels lighten draft.

Large c atJIacl .graln box. We also make a low-

down an pl 11 seed drill. We sell direct from

factor —save you 820 to 850 dealer’s profits. Write

for ca slog. our 310. 000 guarantee and low rices.

Specials! ertoevenbodywhoanswemflghgway.

HERTZLBR fi 200K 00.. 308103. BeileviileJ Pu





 





 





 





ELECTRIC

Steel





wagon. Wheels can‘t

dry out or rot. Sendfo

free book of facts and proofs.

noon-Io Wheel 00..

III Elm Street,

Quincy. Ill.





 





 





 





1'1’; "AI/M

.‘g 76'” .





a. .





 





 





er we considered the expensive meth-

ods now employed in distributing farm

products, the comparatively small por-

tion of the price paid by the Consumer

that goes to the farmer and the possibil-

ities offered in working together under

some organized plan rather than in sell-

ing to. middlemen. This week we desire





IN the- last issue of the Michigan Farm-





‘ to show that co-operation actually affords





economical advantages to the producer

by pointing out examples of concerns

that have saved to the members a much





grea "portion of the last price paid for

t products than is received under the





“present system. Before we do this, how—





ever, we shall direct the attention of our

readers for a moment to a few general





subjects that need to be in the mind of





every person who is giving thought to

the marketing problem.



‘Much Waste May be Eliminated».



Now as we see it, the farmers and fruit

growers are the producers and original

owners of a vast quantity of food pro-

ducts. Why should not they be the dis-

tributors also? The waste in distributing

these enormous productions under the

system now generally in vogue is very





~great, becauSe of the lack of knowledge





of market conditions, and amounts to

millions of dollars annually. Much of this

waste might be saved if the growers

would organize a co-operative exchange

and distribute their own products; then

they could see to it that the markets in

general were not oversupplie-d.

Should Prepare to Hold Products.





Is there any reason why the farmers

should not own their own elevators in the

grain districts, their warehouses protect-

ed against frost in the potato districts of

the north, the cold storage and packing

houses in the fruit districts, prepare and

pack their products and place them on

the market through their own organiza-

tion, instead of allowing others to do this

work for them at their expense? Indi-

vidually they could not do this, but by

joining hands with their brother farmers

of a county or section. they could do all

of this and much more to their mutual

benefit.



In every other business enterprise the

manufacturer or the proprietor fixes the

price at which his goods shall be: sold,

always subject to market conditions. But

the farmer has no voice in fixing his.

There ought to be some way to change

this situation and give the grower a bet-

ter chance. The agitation now going on

throughout the country on this subject

will produce results.



The farmer is being aroused, and soon

must take this matter more seriously, and

the outcome will be that in all sections

where large quantities of grain, fruit and

vegetables are grown. there you will find

his co-operntive organization selling his

products and buying the many neces-

sary articles for the farm. Strange as it

may seem, this awakening of the farmer

must, in every case, be preceded by dis-

satisfaction and discontent over the local

conditions prevailing in each particular

locality. As\long as he is satisfied with

the conditions, there will be no change.





Discontent Precedes Organization.





It is a fact that co-operation has been

forced upon the sections where the great

co-operative organizations are in suc~

cessful operation today. The old system

of distribution, under which they work-

ed, proved entirely inadequate, and when

the year came in which everyone had a

bumper crop, each individual grower was

trying to find a market for his own

goods, and the result was that everyone

seemed to find the same one, which was

soon greatly over-supplied and the con-

sequent losses were very heavy. To il-

lustrate this statement, permit me to

refer to the causes that brought about

the organization of the California, Fruit

Growers’ Exchange.



In 1893 the conditions in the fruit dis-

trict of California were almost identical

with those stated above. Their crops of

oranges and lemons exceeded all expec-

tation—4,100 carloa'ds—a. large quantity

for them at that time. ConsternaItlon

prevailed among the growers as they en-

deavored to market their fruit under the





 





l‘lfilIllHlIllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllHlllIlHlIHllllllIllHHllIHlIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Farm Commerce.





LLLEIlHIIlHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllI|llHIllllllllillIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllll|Ill|Ill|lllllIll|illllllllllllIHIIlllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllHlllllllHHlllllHlIll





A Need for M Cooperation.





By W. H.1ng1ing, General Manager Monmouth Co. , N. J., Farmers Exchange.





.2111 trade conditions.





bus. is; 1913. ,





[HIE





IEIHHHHIHHHHHHHIHIHH





old system. The results of their efforts

were disastrous, as the total returns in

the entire district for the season were but

a little more than the expenses. The

time. labor, and money expended were

without avail. Dissatisfaction and dis:-

content were the ruling spirits in this

community, because of these conditions.

N01: Production But Distribution.



A convention was called, and it was

well attended. Everyone was aroused, for

all wanted to know where the trouble was

and how it could be.cured. It was sug-

gested that over-production was the

cause. Some questioned whether this

really was the reason, while others inti-

mated that it could not be the cause, for

4.100 cars of oranges were not enough to

glut all the markets in this. country, as

that amount would be only five oranges

apiece. There must be some other rea-

son. Then the inspiration came to one

of their number, and he exclaimed if

not over-production, then’ it must be im-

proper distribution, and if this was so.

then they could find a remedy it they

would. By joining together in a. co-op-

eralive exchange, all shipments could be

handled by one intelligent head from a

central office with a full understanding of

This would prevent

markets from being overstocked, and also

open new ones then unknown and un-

touched, thus securing a fair and reason-

able price for all of their goods.



A Great Organization.



This was the keynote. of the meeting.

and it was the beginning of The California

Fruit Growers’ Exchange, an incorporat-

ed, co-operative organization, which to-

day is the most perfect and scientific

in this country. The result of the work-

ing of this great Exchange was that while

the production increased from 4,100 to

31,000 cars in three years, yet they were

all sold and distributed in such a. scien-

tific manner that each market received

just enough of the fruit to give good re-

turns to the grower. Today their output

is over 40,000 carloads, and over-supplied

markets are unknown. They own over

100 packing houses, with all necessary

machinery to automatically assort classi-

fy and wrap the fruit ready for market,

representing an investment of over two

and- one-half million dollars, and is 0p-

erated solely for the producers’ benefit.

Great care is exercised with the fruit

from the tree to the box, and it is this

care to have every box first-class of its

kind and the proper distribution of the

crops that gets the price.



Thus you see preparation and market-

ing of crops are closely related, and ought

to be controlled by an exchange if you

expect the best results. In the case of

The California Fruit Growers’ Exchange,

all fruit is brought to the. warehouses by

the growers, receipted for by the Ex-

change, and is assorted under the brand

and grade in which it belongs, and the

grower is paid according to the quality

of his fruit. If he gTOWS the best grade,

he gets the price for the best; if inferior,

it is priced as inferior. This assures a

square deal to all, and the Exchange,

having the control of the. pack. always

delivers exactly what it sells; builds and

maintains its reputation on the quality

of its fruit and manner of packing, and

therefore, is always able to get the high-

est price.





 





Announcement.



In the next number of this series which

will appear in the issue of February 15,

Mr. Ingling tells how the farmers of Vir-

ginia extricated themselves .from the

hands of a merciless combination of mid-

dlemen and got on their feet through or—

ganization. Readers should not forget

one essential thing about co-operatlve en-

terprises and that is that a large num-

ber of the farmers of the community

should be informed on the principles of

co-operation before it is likely to be

made a success. To interest neighbors

and present the matter to your Grange

Farmers’ Club and at other gatherings,

therefore becomes a duty that every per-

son who reads these pages should eagerly

undertake as a. personal contribution of

service In the fight to secure better mar-

kets and marketing cenditions.





 





aim *"""W‘i. .“h'fi-y'sa... . 1
a.~’.J.2_





'r-nv-





‘ m x; ligand;





.a.,.





39.7%, .





jwv.





 





 





FEB. s, 1913.





1‘1.’





THE NOMID SYSTEM—A PLAN ‘FOR

MARKETING FARM PRODUCTS.





 





Chapter Vll.'—-Continued from last week).

Warranty Defined.





Warranty has been defined as an un-

dertaking by the seller that the goods

are of a certain quality. It may also

refer to the title the vendor has in the

goods. Warranties are of two kinds:

Implied and express. The offering of

goods for sale by one who has them in

possession is an implied warianty that

he has title. If goods are bought to fill

some specified purpose that is made

known to the vendor and the buyer has

no.0pportunity of inspecting the goods,

there is an implied warranty that the

goods-are adapted to the purpose for

which they were purchased. An express

warranty is an assertion by the seller

about the goods upon which the buyer

relies in making his purchase. If express





warranties are made then no implied

warranties as to other qualities of the

goods may be added. There is another





rule of law which limits warranties where

the goods bought are seen and exam-

ined by the purchaser or his agent and

that is the rule that caveat emptor (let

the buyer take caxe). This means that

the buyer is supposed to know what he

wants and his examination of the goods

should exhonerate the seller from faults

of the goods. But this rule does not

cover fraud. A distinction should also

be made between assertions by the seller

as to the quality of the goods and mere

statements of opinion. For the latter the

seller cannot be held responsible for dam-

ages.

_ Specific Uses of Warranty.



In the sale of foods used for human

consumption there is an implied Warranty

that they are fit for food and wholesome.

It was held in a New York case that

the seller of such goods is bound at his

peril to know that provisions for domes-

tic use are sound and wholesome: this

ruling being necessary to preserve health

and life. In other states this holding is

modified with regard to the sale of live

animals. It being held that a farmer is

not liable for the unwholesomeness of

the meat of animals sold, even when he

is aware that the animals were to be

butchered and the meat placed upon the

market. In the purchase of vegetables,

fruits or grain one may usually recover

damages even though inspection has been

made. and certainly where the real 11a—

ture of the goods was covered by false

packing As regards food for the feeding

of animals the couits generally hold that

there is no implied warranty that it is

fit for such purpose In selling horses

a general warranty that the animal or'

animals is sound binds the seller Such

warranty, however, does not cover defects

or blemishes that are pointed out to the

buyer by the seller. Such a general war-

ranty made any time before the animal is

delivered has been held to be binding

up0n the maker. In an Iowa case it was

held that a general warranty that a horse

was free from disease enabled the buyer

to recover damages when other animals

were infected with a contagious disease

from the animal purchased.



Remedies of the Buyer.





‘Y‘Vhere the buyer finds the goods pur-

chased do not measure 11p to the war—

ranty of the seller 'and the latter refuses

to make good the loss the buyer may act.

in one of three ways ' He may hold the

goods until he ”is sued for the purchase

price and then offset or recoup his dam-

ages. Second, he may sue for. damages

after accepting and retaining the goods

in question. Third. he .may refuse to

receive the article. or return it and

rescind the sale if it has been delivered

to him. It is usually not necessary that

the buyer return the goods before bring-

ing an action for damages for breach of

warranty. Even where the buyer exam-

ines the goods he may still demand a.

warranty from the seller and collect

damages if the goods fail to measure up

to the claims made.



(Continued next week).





PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS ARE

LOW.





 





The average of prices received by pro-

ducers of the United States for staple

crops, increased 0.5 per cent from De-





cember 1 to January 1,~ which compares

with an increase of 0.6 per cent in the

same- period a year ago and an average

increase of 1.5 per cent during December

of the past five years. On January 1

prices of We crops averaged abbut 12.2

per cent lower than on like date of 1912,

6.5 per cent lower than in 1911, 17.3 per

cent lower than 1910. 5.9 per cent lower





 





 





‘THE' MICHIGAN FARMER





than 1909 and 7.7 per cent lower than in

1908, on‘llke date. This indicates that

the average prices for these products on

Jan. 1, 1913, was 10.9 per cent below the

average for the past five years.-



The following tables compares the av-

erage prices received by producers for

staple products on Jan. 1. 1913, with the

average prices for the same staples for

Jan. 1 of the three preceding years:





Jan. 1 Average



1913. 1910-1912.



00111. per bu ........... .489 .576

IVheat, per bu ......... .762 .90

Oats, per bu ........... .322 .404

Barley per bu ......... .499 .679

Rye per bu ............ .638 .769

Buckw heat per bu. . .. .668 .698

Flaxsecd, per bu ....... 1.062 1.931

Potatoes per bu ....... .506 .649

Hay. per ton ............ 11.86 12.87

Bultez, per lb .......... .284 .282

Eggs, per dozen ....... .268 .301



Additional articles with comparisons





made on Dec. 15, instead of Jan. 1 and

the aVeragc prices for Dec. 15 of the two





years preceding 1912 instead of three

years, are herewith given:

Dec. 15 Average

1912. 1910-1911.

Hogs. pcr cwt ........... 6.89 6.44

Beef cattle, per cwt. . . . . .133 4.41

Veal calves, per cwt ..... 6.88 6.18

Sheep per cwt ........... 4. 21 4.13

Lambs per cwt .......... 5 70 5.26

\ on] per 1b .............. .186 .167

Cabbage. per cwt ........ l 15 1.66

Apples per bu ............ .73 - .93

Beans. per bu............2.30 2.31

()nions per bu ........... 84 1.06

Cloverseed, per 1111...... .900 9,48

Timothy seed, Dex bu. ..1 79 5.42





MICHIGAN FARMERS A-RE CO-OP-

ERATING.





 





Hillsdale county farmers. in session at

Litchficld. after listening to an interest-

ing talk by Jay Hawkes. on the benefits

coming from (lo—Operation in marketing

farm produce, appointed a committee to

draw up plans for an organization along





lines indicated. The committee is com-

posed of Clare Stoddard, Jay Hawkes,

Fred VVildfi. Lesicr Corey, Mrs‘. C. Barnes





and Mrs Chas. Heiscrman.

Members owning the co~operative ele-

vator at Ithaca. Gratiot county. have





voted an increase of capital stock from'





A bean dryer and oth-

The com-





$25. 000 to $30. 000.

er equipment will be- added.

pany, is prosperous.



Celeiy growers of IIudsonville. in Otta-

wa county, see the advantage of con-

ducting their business along co-operative

lines. They have organized and will

build a central warehouse, giving atten-

tion to inspection and the pack, and em-

_loy a competent manager. ‘ ,

Farmers of Chippewa county met at

Pine G1 ove and discussed plans for a co-

operative association '\ company will be

mganizcd. with $30. 000 ca11ital,and ware-





houses will be built at the Soo. Dafter

and Rudyard for the disposal of farm

products.



Kent Co. A. GRIFFIN.





A LARGE GROWERS’





 





ORGANIZATION.





 





The Four-Stat‘es Fruit and Truck Ex-

change. a non—profit, purely co-opcralive

organization, with headquarters to be at

Texarkana, has entered the field to solve

the marketing problems of Arkansas, Ok-

lahoma, Louisiana and Texas. Among

the many activities in which the organ-

ization will engage are the following: To

aid in the organizaztion of individual

growers and local groweis' organizations

for a more business- like distribution and



marketing of their fruits and truck. and

in the buying of their supplies: to aid

legislative co-operation; to aid in the ad-

justment of complaints; to aid e(l11c:1lim1-

al work for stanldardization of packs and

packages; and to aid educational work

among growers for better cultural meth-

ods and for the control of insect enemies

and diseases of fruit and Vegetables: to

establish a credit—reporting service; to es-

tablish a crop— reporting service; to co-

operate with transportation and refrigera—

tion lines in all necessary matters relat-

ing to loading, packs and packages. cars,

tariffs, and service.



The Exchange purposes to work in

harmony with the organizations already

in the field and will organize new asso-

ciations on a uniform basis, incorporat-

ing the best features of the most suc-

cessful associations now operating. The

organization is headed by W. A Nabors

of W'innsboro, Texas, and Chas. W. Hol-

man, of Dallas, Texas, is temporary

chairman.





 





‘

Notes Constant lmprovementt.



Your circular letter received. Had not

intended to subscribe this year.- Were

taklng so many others, but you are im-

proving on the old paper so much I will





send you 500 worth of encouragement.— all we: SPECIAL





C. W. Utley, White- Cloud, Mich.





“Kate and Queen”

”Y r e

13:. F e





Beery





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





cont





 

 





 





of a lifetime' 5 experience.





 





 





I]!!! 8 000





Great Horse Story





 

 





more fortunate. You 51 mpathize with



one— rejoice with

u sigh for the slum wait and laugh



witho the child of fortune.



Prof. Beery has skillfully woven Into this



intensely intcresting and true story, many



valuable suggestions for handling horses—a result.





SPECIAL FREE OFFER





Prof. Beery desires that. every horse owner. trainer. breeder—

everyone interested in horses—should read this great atory.'1‘o

make it. possible for a short. time he offers every interested horse.

REE. He only asks that. ton cents be sent to cover



stago,a the names and addresses of five other horse owners. Sen

RES. Stamps or coin. If you have even a passing interest in horses

-—ifs on own, train or breed them you will gather from this book a



of knowledge worth many dollars to you. Send for copy.



FREE With each book we also send free a. beautiful colored ,



picture of Queen--oil painting oflcctnsuitable for framing.





PROF. JESSE BEERY, Box 577 Pleasant Hill, 0.





 





 

 

   





out wonderful and un-

heafid ‘1?! book 0119:. It equals





wk Beauty"

in human interest-—

surpasses it in practi-

cability. “ Kate" a. victim

of poor handling is vividly

rusted with Queen" whom





   

 

 

 

   

 

 





 

 

 

   





the other—even as





 

   

 

   

   

   

 





 





   

   





 





Test this hav Press.

FREE 10 days





Spencer's Steel Alligator





with 60-inch feed hole can bale 2% tons on ’

hour or it. is y ours tree.





Would such a baler interest you?





 

 





 





 





   

 





' 51ml.

7





 





 





“Essay Directory—Continued.





For Sale: 4 Percheron Stallions





2 to 4 19111-9 old “eight. 1600—2)001ba., sound and good

ones. cheap. ii’ so (I at once.10horthorn ((111 s.

5') bulls and 20 Oxford Inloun ewes. bred. For further

particulars write H. .PETERS. Burton, Mich.





for sale. heifers bred to

Oual Purpose :IWIIIIOIIIS Bold Knight N” 31 22.1,

agrand M111 &70tis Bull. also voung b11lls.sired

by him DAVIDSON & HALL. Tecumseh Mich.





I " SHEEP.





SHROPSHIRES





AT AUCTION

On WEDNESDAY, Feb. 12Ih. 1913,





I will I911 at the 10 cent, barn at Flushing. my entire

flock of Registered. Shropshire: cmsiafingnf’" 15 bred

ewes. 35 ewe lambs. 25 yearling rams. % ram lambs

and 2 Choice lm orted stock rams

FR ED R. O'FTAVVAY. Flushing. Michigan.





“BREED III' YOIIRII 819153;, gig; 53;};th

PARSONS. 1511:. “ems 1.1.2.111...

1 OXFORD s—gfinixbyoift “581563231?“ ewes

B. B. BEAVEY, Akron. Michigan.

F0“ SALE—60 Registered Rambouillet ewes with





laml1—-(heap if taken immediateh.

HOWARDM. RAYMOND. Grass Lake.





Pang. Bambulllol Sheep. Pun Bred Poland China





MPE HERO N HORSES. 2% miles

EMorfloe. onG. T. R KandMJJ 11...} 0. 14.00011.





qHROI’SHIRE SHEEP—15 R1 2. owes for sale. bred

k, to choice Im Rama Also Rog. (‘lulcsdulc Stud

Colt. Smonths old.“ .I’. Pulling & Son Purina. Mich.





M 1cl11 gap





 





   





—for sale: 20fine service boars of fancy

”WOO Jerseys breedin and individual quality.





Prices reasonable John cNioolI. North Star. Mich.





11111101: JERSEYS—A Few Gills 101‘ Sale





CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.





D U R 0 C G I LTS‘Eflfiim 320833”

ROPE-RON FARM. Klnderhook. Michigan.





SWINE. Spring and summer pics for

our“ 13“., sale. both sexes. I 11y “.express 25

years experience. J.H BANGHART. pLansing. Mich.





Butler’s Big Bone Poland Chinas.





“e d 111 '1’. claim to own all the good hogs in the U.

S. but. we do claim to have bred and sold more big

type Pola'nds in the last ten 0,1ears than any two other

breeders in Michi 1111.111 want a good fall boar

write .BU 'ILICR. Portland. Michigan





 





 





30W WEIGHED 932 LBS.

A 23 MONTHS OLD





'6

IONIA-GIRL





I have started more breeders on the road to sno-

cess than any man living. I have thalargest and tin-

est herd 1n the U. 8. Every one an early developer.

ready for the market. at six months old. want to

Klace one hog in each community to advertise my



erd Write for myplnn. "How to Make Money

.Hogi. " G. S. BEIJAIllofl-IOJO Portland. "loll.





   





 





 





 





POLAND CIIINA ‘fi‘lfl gfii‘imsefniiifii‘é‘f





Prices right. W. J. HA GELS HAW. Augusta, Mich.





1101111111 cums-1111;“ 10°1- 2'.‘ 2813;. 1212::



P. .LONG.R. No. 8 Grand00 Rapids, Michigan.

—b t



P. 0. 83000 80“ 352%.» “Jei‘ifliiii‘cwiimé



ready for use. Maplewood Stock Farm. Alleaan Mich.



LARGE styled Poland China sprin and fall pics





from strong. healthy. E.Ifrolifiob rs. either so:

at. low pr1cas.T NEVE. Pierson. Mi 3





I’. C. BOAIS AND SOWS‘mmfiifi'infilfid





A. A. WOOD 81 SON. Saline. Michigan.





POLIIIO OIIIIII SWS‘i’if‘fogg‘lgé’kéi‘éfib E353:

faction guaranteed. R. W. MILLS Saline. Mich.





LARGE TYHEP. 0. EGGS—Largest. 111 Mich. Boar's

all 801111 A few (all pigs. Also some extra. lnrg:

spring gilts to be bred to two 01' the best young

boars I could bu.» in Iowa Come or write. Free

liver-.1, .LIVINGSTON. Parma. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Hoos.

BERKSHIRE BOARS





May and June furrow. large size. heavy bone. 818 and

$3) each. GEO. E. LAPHAM. St. Johns. Michigan.





BERKSHIRES





stock. ELMHURS



. ' ' —Best breeding: beat ty.pe

0108* "II" ammu” Satisfaction guaranteed

or money refun ed. 0. S. BARTLETT Pontiac, Mich.

0 l c ——TWO BOARS fit to head any





hard. Fall 1311 read to ski .

c. .1. mommn uni-1131111. n. 9





Choice spring hours and gilts.

riced move quick. Farmers

STOCK FARM. Almont. Mich.





 





- Improved Chesters‘lu? 1‘31 ‘i'ejrfl’f

Also a few triodao now“ too be bred for ng furrow

and early {all pigs. 0.,WILSON 0 once. Mich.





O. I. C. SWIN WT" "“1““





rice on Spring

Pigs. pairs and tries. not. akin. ave a. number

of 88"ch males of goodi:





Write me describing

of your wants: A. J GORD .B. No. 2Dorr. Mich.





 





0- I Swine. both sexes. Males weighing 100 170225

lbs. Herd registered in 0.1.0 Association.

GF‘10.P. ANDREWS. Danaville.1ngham 00.. Mich.





OUROCS OF QUALITY AND BREEDING.





Will hold mv bred sow sale the last. of February.

Will sell 30 end of extra good ones. Watch for ad

latter. Just one last of April boar for sale.



I. G. KEESLER. Cassopolis. Michigan.

15. I. 0......





lam-a chain bred .1115. service

Fair winners. Mondale Stock Pam, Wayne, Mich





O. I. C. Pi





 





 





 





of September and Oc-

tober furrow for sale

cheap. JOHN BERNE 4E SON. Grand Ledge. Mich.





o l C’s—All ages growthy and large,so sows bred.

Malecmrggdy. 100tooelectfrnm. Attractive





prices on vonngs H. II. Jump. Munith Mich.





 





II ch38“! WEIIGSEBOth 391183 and bned 1.1:: also

.1115}. Bargains. mwiie'ii’frif’gisfiifin. 0mg





 





o I C's—A line 101: of last. spring- stock for sale. big



growthy type. either sex ohilt-11 not akin.

Sim! by Grand 01111111111 0 boar. Scott Halt mile

west of depot. OTTO B. CHULZE. Nulllville. Mich.





I. G's—Br





 





ws all sold. choice you]:

and bean. 01-min all

1311;st 11111131111101: can. 11. o. 1. Enigma: "





 





OlliOC-JERSEYS‘EA26§I§ 11'} ”2’12." 33%:





Brookwnter Form. B. ED D.No._ 1.1mnfi'fighfiifi





 





 





 





M

spring pigs. not skin from State .





MULEPOOI HOG SALE.

Forly Saws and Gills,





all bred. and some good 'boars. Third annual

PUBLIC SALE FEBRUARY 20th.





VI rite me for free catalog, ready 1101\.F1111 of

pictures of the hogs on sale

.ADA. OHIO.





Mule F oot Hogs,

" At Public Auction





SALE FEBRUARY Ifiill 1913





Fittyhoad of bred gilta. Your: stock 1"

times. Breeding Stock recorded i811 the NEE-1321118] 3213111

Foot. Hog Record. Write for catalog and information,





JOHN A. WluIAltl. II. 6,- Box I, EMBHUV

LARGE Yorkshires—Choico breeding stock. all age-





not skin. from State Fair prize-winners. P

0.000K.R 11.42 Box 22.Ad3. Magi;





OHOIERA PROOF "068.





I keep from4000t06000gmde Y k h

China cholera immune hogs and (211.18 sgfiiifid Pgfi‘fig

50 lbs.





grel s furnished. ll.





brood sown. also shoots we





.euppoaledfio [straw linwA. etil land May.

sovera ousan tom 1

for sale next. cpl-1133.89 mmune sows and bean





ALVA" BROWN’S PIO HRH. 61'an IlaDIlIS, lichlgu.

As Good As The Bestl—Yorkshires.





Gilts bred for spring I? .

WA'I‘ERMAN.Meadow111.113.l'dtll‘lvaizlzng.Az‘1VAATz-borERMEgo}:t





~Must change. 01!" $310. 1'

gen “If Yorkshire for 8%. Addresclfllsa‘ioug‘l

wigert. Manager-Peters hock Farm. Wellston. Mich.





UIIOE YORKSHIRE WIE““S}‘“ “unwed silt-1 :20





0.90 S. McMullen. Oitz. Phl:_111e.Gr11ndn E25138]? MISE.





llllio 11mm 1W5





londid lotof {all plan at reduced Hoes.

akin. Yo coin and h bred 3‘1":





trio. not

npril Yarrow. Yo o a“kit

COLON c“.' '1'L11'i‘1’.’11°."‘.o Whii?fial
a





178-434





llIIIllllliiilliliiiililllllllllIIIIIIII||IIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIilHiIIIIIIIlIIiIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Markets.





L'=' IIIHIII!”IIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllll|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

GRAINS AN D SEEDS.





Illlilllllllllllllllililllilllllilfil

EIIIIIIHIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





El





 





February 5, 1913.



Wheat—The wheat market made a

gain of 1%c during the past week, not—

withstanding the fact that statistics were

main] on the bear side and there was a

sagi prices on Monday due to the heavy

snowfall on portions of the winter wheat

section. The world’s visible supply in—

creased 2,701,000 bu., but these bearish

factors were overbalanced by the resump-

tion of fighting in the Balkans and dry

weather in India. A cable stated that 10

per cent of the crop in India had already

been lost and that 70 per cent would be

beyond help if the dry weather extended

10 days longer. The influence 0f the war

is considered a minor one, due to the

danger of other‘powers becoming involved

in European trouble. European millers

are active buyers due to the review of

European conditions being slightly un-

favorable. The home conditions favor

lower prices. Stocks are, large and buy-

ing is quiet. Millers are buying sparing-

ly and exporters are not operating at

present. The winter wheat outlook is

improved because of the general covering

of'snnw in lhe winter wheat section. The

price for No. 2 red wheat on this market

one year ago was 99%0 per bu. Quota-

tions for the week are as follows:



No. 2 No. 1





Red. White. May. July.

Thursday . . . .1.11 1.10 1.14% 95%

Friday .......1.12 1.11 1.14% 96

Saturday .....1.12 1.11 1.15% 96

Monday ...... 1.13% 1.10% 1.15 95%

,Tuesday ..... 1.12% 1.11% 1.15% 96





I Chicago, (Feb, 4).—No. 2 red, $1.10%@

flVednesday ...1.12% 1.11% 1.16% 95%

1.11%; May, 949V; July, 91%.



New York, (Feb. 4).~No. 2 red, 1.09%

at elevator and $1.11 f. o. b. afloat, nom-

inal; May, 89 11-16c; July, 97%c per bu.



Corn.——-.\n advance of lc on the mar-

ket during the week is attributed to a.

vigorous campaign among brokers and

one of the largest houses on change to

iraising quotations in order to force a

widely scattered interest to cover. Many

who were sold short were compelled to

:buy on the advance and deals in futures

”were rather the feature of the Chicago

{market However, there was a good de-

‘mand on the local market for corn and

prices for the cash grain here were ad-

,,vanced. One year ago No. 2 corn sold on

, this market for 66%c per bu. Quotations

for the week are:





No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday ................. 49 50

Friday ................. ... 49% 501/2

Saturday ................. 50 51

,Monday ................... 30 51

Tuesday ................. 30 51%

.Wednesday ............... 51 52





Chicago, (Feb. 4).—No, 3 yellow. 481/1260

:50c; IVIay, 53%c; July, 541/4? per bu.

_ Oats.——The market in this grain ad-

tvanced in sympathy with corn, but no

corresponding increase in activity in

,trading was noted. One year ago stan-

fiard oats sold on this market at 53%c

per bu. Quotations for the week are as

" ollows:





No. 3



..-- , Standard. White.

{Thursday-...... ........... 35 34



Friday ............... 35% 34%



| Saturday ..... . ........... 35% 34%



. Monday ............... . . . 35% 34%



Tuesday .................. 35% 34%

\Vednesday ............... 36 35





, ,Chicago, (Feb. 4).——No. 2 white, 37c;

JMay, 3456c; July, 343.40 per bu.

Beans—Complaints continue to come in

from growers regarding the methods of

lbuyers in grading beans. On the other

Ehand, members of the Bean Dealers’ As-

sociation pointed out_ at their recent

meeting that the bean market is in a

much more stable condition and prices

average higher than before a uniform

method of marketing was inaugurated.

Owing to the fact that few samples of

beans grade high this year this complaint

is more general than ordinarily. Also the

bean deal is very slow. due to the fact

that many beans are not dry enough to

ship. Quotations for immediate, prompt

and February, shipment are $2.10 per bu;

May, $2.20. '

’ Chicago. (Feb. 4).—-l"ca beans are in

only light request and a further decline

'in this market occurred during the week.

The market for red kidneys is quiet. Pea.

.lbeans. hand-picked. are now quoted at

‘ $2.2m2.27; prime, $2.28@2.30; red kidneys

choice, $2.256172.30.

i Clover Seed.~This continues to be an

active market and a further strengthening

in price occurred during the past week.

The advance during the week aggregated





: 15c per bu. Prime spot is now quoted at





$12.50 per bu; prime alsike, $13.50, which

is 100 above last week’s quotation.



Toledo, (Feb. 4).~—-Prime, cash and Feb-

ruary, $12.45; March, $12.52%; prime al-

sike, $13.65; March, $13.75.



Rye—This market remains inactive

with another advance of Me in price over

last week. Cash No. 2 is now quoted

at 65c per bu.



Chicago, (Feb. 4).—No. 2 rye, 63%@65c

per bu. .



Bariey.—Chicago, (Feb. 4).—Thls grain

is quoted at 49@700 per bu; market nom-

inal. -





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





Fiona—Jobbing lots in % paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs. as follows: Best patent, $5.60; see—

ond,'$4.90; straight, $5.20; clear. $4.90;

spring patent, $5.10; We flour, $4.90 per

bbl.





Feat—Detroit jobbing prices in 100-





 





: 'r H E MI (III I Gt‘AaN; ‘1?me H. R





13c; picnlc- hunts, 11%@;12c;- ~bacon;_.16@

18c; pure lard in tierces, 111/.c; kettle

rendered lard, 12%c per lb.

Chicago—Mess pork, May, $192715;

lard, do., $10.30; short ribs,~ do., $10.30.





lb:“.,sacks are as. fellows: Bran, $24;

coarse middlings, $28; fine middlings, $28;

cracked corn, $24; coarse corn meal,

$21.50; corn and oat chop, $20. per ton.



Hay.—-Holders 'of hay have little en-

couragement in the market. The late

fall and open winter have reduced con-

sumption in the-country, thus augmenting

the effect of large production on market.

No change in the deal. Carlots on track

at Detroit. No. 1 timothy, $14.50@15; No.

2, $13@13.50; light mixed, $13.50@14; N0.

1 mixed, $12.50@13 per ton.



Chicago.—Demand light and market

iower.- Choice timothy, $176018; No. 1, 14

@16; No. 2 and No. 1 mixed, $12@13.50;

No. 3 and No. 2 mixed. $9.50@11.50; clo-

ver, $7@11; alfalfa, choice, $166017; do.

No. 1, $14.50@15.50; do. No. 2, 1161713 per

ton.



New York—Market lower; standard,

$18.50@19.50 per ton; N0. 1, $20@21; light

clover, mixed, $18.



Straw.—Car lot prices on wheat and

oat straw on Detroit market are $8.50@9

per ton; rye straw, $106011 per ton.



Chicago.~—Higher. Rye, $7@8; wheat

straw, $6606.50; oat straw, $6607 per ton.



New York—Rye straw, $196020 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTR—Y— PRODUCTS.





Button—The butter market has been

materially strengthened by the change

of weather and good quality stock is firm

and higher everywhere. Elgin advanced

a cent on Monday and creameries have

made a like gain in the local market.

Jobbing prices in the Detroit market are:

Fancy creamery, 34c; firsts, 32c; dairy,

22c; packing stock, 21c per lb. '



Elgin.——Market firm at 34c.



Chicago—Demand for creamery goods

of almost every grade shows a .distinct

improvement and all grades are' higher.

Dairies in fair request at unchanged fig-

ures, Quotations: Extra creamery, 34%c;

extra firsts, 316033c; firsts, 27@29c; sec-

onds, 25c; dairy extras, 300; firsts, 260;

seconds, 23c; packing, 12@20%c as to

quality.



New York—Creamery prices in this

market have made a gain of 2c. Dairies

are little higher, but all kinds are firm.

Creamery extraS, 36%@37c; firsts. 3367)

36c; seconds, 296D32c; thirds, 26_@28c;

state dairy best, 326Il34c; good to prime.

28617310; common to fair, 2260270; packing

176:,l21%c as to quality,



Eggs.—The influence of the weather

upon the egg market is again seen this

week, good advances having been scored

since the drop in temperature. Locally

the gain since this time last week is

ll/2c. At Detroit current offerings, cand-

led, and cases included, are quoted at

24%0 per dozen.



Chicago.——])émand here is better than

in some weeks and receipts that are up

to grade sell readily at Milli/2c above last

week's figures. Receipts of so~called fresh

eggs which contain a mixture of stale

and held stock are hard to sell, being

considered less desirable than a good

grade of storage eggs. Miscellaneous re-

ceipts, cases included, are quoted at

l.761)23%c; do. cases returned, 16%@23c;

ordinary firsts, 186(222c; firstS, 24%0; re-

frigerators, firsts, 17¢ per dozen.



New York.——Market firm, practically all

grades quoted 1c higher. Fresh gathered

extras, 2761228c; extra firsts, 25%@26c;

firsts, 246I‘ZSC; seconds and lower grades.

22611231/20; we..tern gathered whites, 25

61.280 .



Poultry.—So little doing in this market

that quotations are largely nominal, al—

though a number of changes from recent

high values are noted. Quotations are:

Dressed—Spring chickens, 156Dl5%c; hens

146F15c; turkeys. 21@23c; ducks, 1760180;

geese. 1461150 per lb. Live—Spring chick-

ens, 15@15%c; hens, 14@15c; No. 2 hens,

9c; old roosters, 96v10c: turkeys, 1760200;

geese. 1260140; ducks, 15@16c per lb.



Chicago—Steady under demand that is

just about sufficient to absorb offerings.

Ducks and chickens again higher. Quo-

tations on live are: Turkeys good

weight, 15c: others, 100; fowls, good, 14c;

spring chickens, 14c; ducks large. fat,

17c; do., thin, ordinary, 15617160; geese,

full feathered, 130; do., plucked, 8@10c

per lb.



New York—Dressed stock firm. Fresh

killed western chickens, 14@20c; fowls,

1361:17c; turkeys, 14@24c per lb,



Cheese.-—Michigan flats 1/gc lower; no

other changes. Quotations: \Yholesale

lots; Michigan flats. 15%6iil,6c; New York

liats, 18%60190; brick cream, 16%617170;

limburger, l7%@18c.



VeaI.——Detroit——Firm and higher. Fancy

14%61115c; choice, 1260130 per lb.



Chicago—Fair to choice. 80@1101bs.,

12%6rl4c; extra fancy stock, 14%c; fair

to good chunky, 11%@12%c.





 





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.—Despite the prospect that cold-

er weather will curtail receipts or in-

crease the risk in shipping. last week’s

slight gain in values has not held. De-

troit quotations now are: Fancy, per

bbl., $2.506L‘3: ordinary, $1601.25.



Potatoes.—The local market has not

been affected by the change of weather.

Offerings ample and demand steady.

Michigan stock in car lots, 5,0c in sacks,

46c in bulk. . -



Chicago—Offerings continue to run be.-

low thOSe of a year ago and the con-

sumptive demand is steady. but in the

face of this prices are lower than a week

ago. Market in good condition, however,

at the lower range. Fancy Michigan stack

45@47c per bu.



Onions.——Local market is dull with ouo-

tations for home-growu yellow at 45@50c

per bu. in carlots.



Chicago.—.—~Trade dull and market easy

under heavy offerings. Reds and yellows

quoted at 40c; whites. 75@85c.



MISCELLANEOUS.



Provisions—Ruling prices in Detroit

are higher. Quotations:



_Detroit.-——Family pork. $23@24; mess

pork, $20: clear. backs. $21@22.50: hams,

15%@17c; briskets, 12@18c; shoulders.‘





o.





Honey.—-Detroit.——-Stea;dy. Choice to

fancy comb, 16@17c; amber, 14@150; ex-

-tracted, 9%@100 per lb. . ’





DETROIT RETAIL PRICES.





Detroit Western Market—Notwith-

standing the colder weather, vegetables

were offered pretty freely this week, with

many kinds rather slow sale. Cabbage of

nice quality hard to sell at 25c per bu;

onions of fair grade bringing 50c; car-

rots, 30@35c; beets, 30c; turnips, 35c;

white kidney beans. 10c per qt, or $2.50

per bu; no celery offered. Apples Were

not very plentiful, some nice sound me-

dium-sized Steel Reds bringing $1 per

bu., poorer grades ranging from 45613750.

Potatoes in good supply and not moving

very freely at 50c per bu. A number of

dressed hogs Were on sale, bringing 10%c

per lb. Poultry was scarce; eggs not in

large supply and selling from 35@40c, ac-

cording to quality. Butter, in rolls, 35c.

Ear corn offered at 350 per bu. and buck—

wheat at 90c.





 





 





Grand Rapids.



Jobbers are paying the country trade

22c for fresh eggs and 240 for butter. Live

poultry, delivered, is selling as follows;

Hens, 11@12c; turkeys, 17c; ducks, 11c;

guineas, 200 each. Dressed hogs are

bringing 9%@100. The hay .market is a.

little off at present, prices ranging from

$1061.13. Apples have been more active

during the past week, with prices ranging

from 50c@$1. \Vheat is worth $1.10; rye,

45c; oats, 36c; corn. 51c; beans, $1.70.



The city of Grand Rapids has closed a.

contract with the Grand Rapids Garbage

Holding Co., for disposal of the city gar-

bage. The city will receive 500 per ton

for all table refuse, which is collected

daily and placed on board cars at the city

market. The holding company, which is

composed of city people and farmers, has

acquired a ZOO-acre farm in Newaygo

county for the operation of a swinery on

a large scale and cholera-proof hogs will

be secured to take care of the garbage.





 





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





February 3, 1913.

Buffalo.



(Special Report of Dunning &. Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).

Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 120 cars; hogs, 90 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 55 double decks; calves,

7:10 head. '

\Yith 120 cars of cattle on our market

here today, and 20,000 reported in Chica—

go, our market is just about strong, and

in some instances 100 per cwt. higher

than last week, the higher prices being

obtained in the early sales. At the close

of the market. the cattle were about all

cleaned up. and the market closed barely



steady with the opening.

'We quote: Best 1350 to 1500-lb. steers,

$8.256t'8.75; good to prime 1200 to 1300-lb.





 





do., $7.75@8.25; good to prime 1100 to 7





1200-lb. do., $7.256v8; coarse, plainish 1100

to 1200-lb. do., $7607.50; medium butcher

steers, 1000 to 1100, $6.75@7.35; butcher

steers, 950 to 1000, $6.506Ii7.25; ligh-t butch-

er steers, $5.75@6.25; best fat cows, $5.75





6126.50; butcher cows, $4.75@5.50; light.





butcher cows, $4604.50; cutters, $3.75@4;

trimmers, 353.506.13.75; best fat heifers,

3572561750; medium bu-tche-r heifers, $6617

6.50; light do., $561,575; stock heifers, $4

@425; best feeding steers. dehorned, $6

6116.60; light common stockers, $450605;

prime export bulls, $6.506L-6.75; best butch-

er bulls, $6636.50; bologna bulls, $5.256!)

5.75; stock bulls, 5545062550; best milkers

and springers. $656075; common to fair

kind do., $406250.



“'e had a very uneven hog market here

today, and weight, not quality, governing

the price generally. “'ith 90 double decks

here and a good liberal run in the west,

our packers were very particular, but

with quite a good many outside orders

for light hogs, on classes weighing less

than 200 lbs., we had a strong market,

but other grades were no higher than

Saturday. The packers bought the bulk

of their hogs at $8.10@8.15, with some

heavies at '80. Yorkers and light mixed

sold at 5881563825, and pig stuff up to

$8.35; roughs, $76?7.25; stags, $6606.50.



The sheep and lamb market was active

today, with prices about a quarter higher

than the close of last week; most of the

choice lambs elling from $9.40@9.50;

.yearlings, $7638.25. Look for little; lower

prices the balance of the week, as we are

too high for other markets.



We quote: Choice lambs, $9.40@9.50;

cull to fair do., $6689.25; yearling wethers

$8628.25: yearling ewes, $650637; bucks,

3535063425; wethers, $6606.25; handy ewes,

$5.25@5.50; heavy ewes, $5605.25; cull

sheep, $3.506E4.25; bucks. $3.50@4.25;

veals, choice to extra, 3510506012; fair to

good, $10@11; heavy calves, $4.50@6.





 





Chicago.

February 3, 1912.



Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 20,000 47,000 25,000

Same day last year..12,159 21.479 30.125

Received last week...41,919 189,201 64,200

Same week last year.46,855 218.093 111,130

This week begins with a moderate de-

mand for cattle. and prices are no more

than steady, notwithstanding the limited

supply for Monday. Hogs are active at

Saturday’s best prices, all classes of

buyers taking hold briskly. Hogs mar-

keted last week averaged 227 lbs., com--

pared with 216 lbs. a year ago and 229

lbs. two years ago. The run of sheep

and lambs is not very liberal for Monday,

wit the supply largely made up of Col-

ora 0“ lambs. Buyers are slow in taking

hold, but prices are generally reported as



steady. especially for fat stock.

Cattle were marketed much less freely

than usual last week, many stockmen

having held back their cattle on account





I " . , ’FEB. 8,0913.» . '





_ , ., I”,

of .the: recent swamps. prices. ,whllezathe

trade requirementspwere. not ‘porceptib‘ly

much larger than, uSual, the moderate of-

ferings caused a sharp advance in prices

for nearly eyeryth‘ing. By Thursday

weakness ‘ prevailed, buyers refusing to

operate with any freedom, but the weak

as a. whole was a good one for sellers,

with not much doing in beef steers be-

low -$7 nor above $8.35. The better class

of} steers sold4at. $8.40@9.20, pretty good

lots selling at, $8.10.and over, while the

cheaper kind of warmed-up, light-weights

went at $6@7. 'Much interest was shown

in the report issued by the agricultural

bureau showing the number of beef cat—

tle on farms in the United States on

Jan. 1, as a. little over 366,000,000 head,

or slightly more than 91 per cent of the

number owned a year earlier, with milch

cows numbering 20,497,000, or one per

cent ,less than a year ago. The demand

from buyers in the market continued es-

pecially strong for butcher stock, cows

and heifers going at $4.80@7.25 and scat-

tering sales up to $7.50, while cutters

brought $4.15@4.75, canners $3@4.10 and

bulls $4.50@7. There was'a strong de-

mand for stockers and feeders, w th the

former going .usually at. $5.50@7. 0 and

the latter at $6.40@7.50. There were nu-

merous inquiries for stock and feeder

heifers and cows, butt most of such stock

fell into the hands of killers, who outbid

country buyers. Good to prime light veal

calves had a good sale at $9@10.50 per

100 lbs., with sales of calves all the way

down to $4.50@6.50 for coarse heavy lots.

Milch cows sold moderately at $40@85

each. Cattle averaged 10@200 higher last

Week, with a rise of 15@25c in stockers

and feeders, a few prime feeders going as

high as $7.70. Inferior stockers sold as

low as $5.25. . -

Hogs have been, showing a. much

stronger undertone of late than hereto-





fore, and additional firmness was impart- ‘





ed to the market last week by the report

of the agricultural bureau showing the





total number of swine on farms in the '





United States as only 61,178,000, compared

to 65,410,000 a year ago. Last week op-

ened with a big Monday supply, but runs

on other days were not excessive, there

being an excellent general demand, and

prices averaged the highest in several

weeks. Average quality of the hogs of-

fered was good, and the .bulk of the hogs

sold within a rather narrow range of

prices. with light and medium weights

the highest sellers and coarse, heavy

packing sows selling lowest of all. So

many hogs are required for the fresh pork

trade that the packers are experiencing

much difficulty in securing enough ma-

terial for manufacturing lard and cured

meats, and they have been lively cus-

tomers as a rule, even on advancing mar-

kets. Farmer-stookmen have been free

scIlers of hogs when they could obtain $7,

and the receipts have ran largely to hogs

of only moderate weight. The close of

the week saw hogs sell at $7.30@7.70, the

top being 50 higher than a week earlier.

Pigs went at $6@7.40, and medium-weight

hogs tOpped the market. Stags brought

3379061820 and boars $3.25@4.50, while

thlxbowout packing sows sold at $6.606!)





Sheep and lambs have undergone big

reductions from the extremely high prices

seen a short time ago, killers having re-

fused to operate except at lower values,

but sales last week were still effected at

much higher prices than were paid in

most former years. The well—known

marked shortage everywhere, eXcept in

Colorado, Idaho and Utah, is the cause

of the high prices, but when prim‘e

handy-weight lambs got up to $9.50 per

100 lbs” the consumption of lamb and

mutton began to fall off materially. Af-

ter prices had declined a good deal, last

week saw some good rallies all along the

line,_ but particularly in prime stock, the

receipts having fallen .off. surprisingly.

Colorado lambs and yearli‘ngs are show-

mg up in steadily increasing volume, and

most of them are of choice quality. The

demand centers still in medium-weight

lambs and yearlings, with heavy stock

discriminated against strongly. The week

closed with sales of lambs at $7@8.65 for

poor to prime, yearlings at $6.40@7.75,

wethers at $5.25@5.85, ewes at $3.50@

5.35 and bucks at $3.50@4. Ewes selling

below $4.50 were culls. Sheep and lambs

closed mainly 2560350 lower than a. week

ago, with feeder lambs firm at $7@8.40.



HOI‘Ses are meeting with an increasing

general demand, with interest centered

chiefly in farm chunks, however, pairs

selling largely at 3537060390 f0r desirable

kinds, while farm mares sell in pairs

around $450@460. Inferior animals sell

smgly very slowly around $756v100, while

desxrable drafters are salable at $175@300,

with few offered prime enough to bring

$275. The demand for farm horses has

opened Unusually early, and farmers have

bought freely at auction and private sales

in the smaller markets. The government

report ShOWS 58,000 more horses on farms

than a. year ago.



Hogs weighing around 180 to 220 lbs.

have been particularly 800d sellers of late

in the Chicago market, and this has en-

couraged their shipment.



Buyers of half-fat cattle in the Chi-

cago market have been claiming that

prices must be held down, because they

have been selling relatively too near the

long-fed cattle, costing too high in the

beef and are dressing out very poorly.

Hitherto they have been kept from de-

clining by the good demand from feeders.

who wanted them badly and bid against

killers to get them.



The dull, weak beef cattle market that

was experienced during ‘thc. past month

was only a repetition of a similar market

in January oftl912; only the past month

showed a bigger decline in prices. Lent

begins unusually early this year, and

naturally this ‘will help .‘to curtail the

consumption of beef. as' well as other

meats. Of course, the dearness of beef

this year, is an added depressing factor

in the cattle trade. ‘
\





 





FEB. 8._ 19,13.





fills IS THE FIRST EDITION-





In the first edition the ' Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday's

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





 





 





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s. Market.



January 30, 1913.

Cattle.

Market steady at VVed—

trade a





Receipts, 1540.

nesday and last week‘s prices;

trifle slow.



“'9 quote: Etra dry-fed steers and

heifers, $8@8.25; steers and heifers, 1000

to 1200, $6.50@7.50; do. 800 to 1000. $6@





7;-do. that are fat, 500 to 700, $5@6;

choice fat cows, $5.50@6:25; good fat

cows, $4.75@5.25; common cows, $4.25@





4.50; canners, $3@4.25; choice heavy bulls

$6@6.50; fair to good bolognas, bulls, $4.50

@525; stock bulls, $4.50@5; milk-ers,

large. young, medium age. $50@60; com-

mon milkers, $30@45.



Sundry Sales—Mich. B. Co. 1 steer

weighing 1100 at $8.25, 4 butchers av 915

at $5.75. 10 do av 736 at $6.25, 3 do av

770 at, $6.40, 3 cows av 1127 at $5.75, 3

do av 1010 at $4.50; to Nagle P. Co. 4 do

av 1140 at $5.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 bulls

av 1235 at $6; to Wyness 5 butchers av

770 at $5.75; to Nagle P. Co. 9 cows av

990 at $5.90; to Wyness 7 do av 810 at

$5.90; to Bresnahan 5 heifers av 666 at

$5.35; to Mich. B. Co. 1 cow weighing

1200 at $5.75, 2 do av 775 at $4.65; to

Mason B. .Co. 4 steers av 980 at $7.10.



Sundry SaleS.—To Mich. B. Co. 16

steers av 864 at $6.40, 3 oxen av 1660 at

$6, 11 cows and 0er av 1050 at $5.50, 1

bull Weighing 1490 at $6; to W'yness 1

steer weighing 660 at $5.50, 4 COWS av

1037 at $5; to Nagle P. Co. 2 do av 885

at $4,_ 8 do av 1066 at $5; to Sullivan P.

Co. 4 butchers av 545 at $5.50, 9 do av

855 at $6.50, 7 do av 704 at $6, 2 bulls av

1565 at $6, 3 cows av 1123 at $5.50. 2

steers av 775 at $5.50, 4 do av 1062 at $5.

5 cows av 1094 at $5.50, 3 do av 937 at

$4.25, 1 bull weighing 1570 at $6.10. 2 do

av 1300 at $6, 8 cows av 1077 at $5, 10

butchers av 710 at $6.10, 6 cows av 863 at

$4. 14 do av 877 at $4, 10 do av 937 at

$4.75; to Mason B. CO. 3 steers av 932 at

$7.50, 4 do av 752 at $6.35; to Thompson

Bros. 4 cows av 825 at $4, 4 do av 1032

at $4.85; to Breitenbeck 8 d0 av'927 at

$4.30, 4 do av 930 at $5.25; to Goose 5

butchers av 746 at $4.75; to L. Rattkow-

sky 5 cows av 1016 at $4.65, 4 butchers av

462 at $4.65; to J. Rattkowsky 11 do av

976 at $5; to Hirschleman 14 steers av

770 at $6; to Kamman E. Co. 4 do av

952 at $6.50, 11 do av 812 at $6.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 8 do av 812 at $6.35. ‘



Bishop, B. & H. sold Newton B. Co. 21

steers av 930 at $6.75, 1 bull weighing 890

at $5.50, 9 butchers av 847 at $6.50, 4

cows av 865 at $4, 1 do weihging 750 at

$3.75, 2 heifers av 795 at, $6, 2 steers av

1000 at $6.75, 1 cow weighing 950 at $3.75,

6 do av 880 at $5, 10 do av 906 at $4.25;

to Mich. B. Co. 2 do av 1275 at $5.75: to

Nagle P. Co. 4 do av 1022 at $4.75: to

Sullivan P.’ Co. 6 do av 1080 at $5: to

Mason B. Co. 4 steers av 712 at $6.35. 1.

bull weighing 1060 at $6, 2 steers av 970

at $7.25, 1 cow weighing 900 at $5: to

Parker, W. & Co. 1 bull weighing 1650

at $6.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 heifer

weighing 690 at $6, 6 cows av 1065 at $5.

1 heifer weighing 690 at $6, 6 cows av

1065 at $5; to Nagle P. Co. 1 do weighing

1220 at $6.25, 1 do weighing 1170 at $5.75:

to Bresnahan 7 butchers av 614 at $5.75,

11 do av 583 at $5.40; to Goose 8 cows av

909 at $4.65, 6 do av 970 at $4.75; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 3 steers av 827 at $6, 2 d0

av 645 at $6, 5 cows av 840 at $4.50: to

Mich. B. Co. 2 bulls av 955 at $6, 1 cow

weighing 920 at $5.75, 6 butchers av 610

at $5.75, 4 do av 765 at $6.25: to Hos-

tetter 4 cows av 1007 at $4.25; to Mich.

B. Co. 3 steers av 860 at $6.50, 4 cows av

1050 at $4.70.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 3

steers av 910 at $6.50, 2 canners av 710

at $4, 2 cows av 1170 at $4.75, 2 heifers

av 810 at $5; to Nagle P. Co. 8 steers av

937 at $7.25, 7 cows av 1060 at $5.40; to

\‘Vyness 4 do av 1035 at $4.25; to Goose

3 do av 816 at $4.60; to Nagle P. Co. 10

do av 1062 at $5.25; to Newton B. CO. 1

do weighing 740 at $3.75, 2 do av 805 at

$3.75, 8 butchers av 682 at $5.90, 10 do av

784 at $4.25, 1 bull weighing 1150 at $5;

to Sullivan P. Co. 6 butchers av 715 at

$5, 6 cows av 808 at $4. 4 do av 827 at

$5. 3 do av 897 at‘ $4, 22 butchers av 712

at $6.15; to Mich. B. Co. 5 cows av 1108

at $5.65; to Kamman B. Co. 1 bull weigh-

ing 600 at $6.50, 10 butchers av 843 at

$6.60; to Thompson Bros. 5 cows av 1028

at $5.25. -



VealCalvee.





Receipts, 514. Market strong at last

week's prices. Best, $9.50@11; others

$4@9.





Sundry Sales—To Sullivan P. CO. 2 av

125 at $9.25, 5 av 120 at $8.50, 3 av 140 at

$9.50; to Goose 4 av 155 at $11; to Mich.

B. Co. 5 av 120 at $9,



Bishop, B, & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

1 weighing 150 at $10.50. 2 av 130 at

$10.50, 1 weighing 150 at $10.50, 4 av 155

at $10.50; to Goose 3 av 150 at $11; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 3 av 140 at $8, 5 av

145 at $10, 1 weighing 200 at $10.50, 4 av

135 at $8, 1 weighing 130 at $8.50, 5 av

160 at $10.50; to McGuire 9 av 140 at $11,

3 av 150 at $11, 9 av 140 at $10.25. 4 av

140 at $11; to Hammond, S. & Co. 2 av

125 at $9, 3 av 140 at $10, 6 av 155 at

$10.50, 1 weighing 190 at $7. 1 weighing

140' at $9.50.



, Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts. 5418. Market opens steady at

last week‘s prices: few choice at $8.50.-

Best lambs, $8.25@8.50; fair lambs, $7.50

@8; light to common lambs, $4.50@6;





   





 





/' .





fair to good sheep, $4.50@5; culls and

common, $3@3.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Costello 113 lambs

av 81 at $7.35. 16 do av 55 at $7, 24 do

av 75 at $8, 20 do av 65 at $8; to Mich.

B. Co. 82 sheep av 97 at $4.90, 98 do av

100 at $4.50, 34 lambs av 92 at $8.50, 23

do av 52 at $6.50, 55 do av 48 at $5.50; to

Thompson B05. 8 sheep av ’85 at $4.50; to

Chapman 49 do av 125 at $4.50; to Ham-

mond, S. & C0. 12 do av 95 at $4.50, 13

do av 120 at $5.25; to Hayes 35 lambs av

50 at $6.50, 9 sheep av 115 at $4.75, 48

lambs av 57 at $6.50; in Sullivan P. Co.

11 sheep av 100 at $4, 17 do av 80 at $3.

30 do av 82 at $3.50; to Bray 166 lambs

av 73 at $8.25, 204 do av 63 at $7.75, 67

do av 67 at $8; to Parker, \V. & Co. 84

do av 70 at $8.25; to Thompson Bros. 13

sheep av 100 at $4.75; to Hammond. S.

& Co. 6 do av 125 at $4.75; to Eschrich 8

lambs av 75 at $7. 9 do av 50 at $5; to

NewtOn B. Co. 112 do av 65 at $7.35.



Sundry Sales—To Young 63 lambs av

55 at $6.75, 35 do av 73 at $8.25.



Roe Com. Co. Sold Bray 2 lambs av 80

at $6, 41 do av 77 at $8.40, 16 do av 70 at

$8, 6 sheep av ,110 at $4.50; to Barlage

50 lambs av 70 at $8.





Hogs.



Receipts, 4200. Market steady at VVed-

nesday’s prices; 15@20c higher than last

week.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $7.60@7.75; pigs, $7.70; light yorkers,

$7.60@7.75; Stags one-third oft’.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. .Co. 425

av 200 at $7.55.



Bishop, B. & H.

Co. 1500 av 175 at $7.55,

$7.70.



Sundry shippers sold Parker, W. & Co.

200 av 180 at $7.80, 750 av 190 at $7.55,

450‘ av 200 at $7.70.





Friday’s M arket.





sold Hammond, S. &

1010 av 210 at





 





Januay 31, 1913.

Cattle.

Receipts this week. 1757; last Week,

1817. Market steady at Thursday’s





prices on all grades, Extra dry-fed steers

and heifers, $750658; steers and heifers.

1000 to 1200, $6.75@.7.25; do. 800 to 1000,

$6@6.75; do. that are fat, 500 to 700.

$5((L6: choice fat cows. $5.50fi6.25; good

fat cows, $475515?) common cows. $4.25

((4.50; canners. $3@4.25; choice heavy

bull:~‘, $6716.50; fair to good bologna. bulls,





$4.5061'525; stock bulls. $4.506L5; mllkers,

large. young. mcdium age, $506165; com-





.356145.

Veal Calves.



Receipts this week, 661; last week,577.

Market. quality considered, steady with

Thursday. Best, $9.50fi'10,50; others, $411;

9. Milch cows and springers steady.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this weck, 7685; last week,

4957. Market 1561250 higher than on

Thursday. Best lambs, $8.50@8.60; fair

to gnod lambs, $750518; light to common

lambs, $575617; fair to good sheep, $4@

5.25; culls and common, $3103.75.



Hogs. ..



Receipts this week, 6159; last week,

6228. Market for pigs steady; others 5(g:

10c lower: Light to good butchers, $7.65

("7.70; pigs, $7.75@7.85; light yorkerS.

$7.65@7.70.





mon milkers,





and thoughtful enough to stock up liber-

ally at the start, and their flocks are

now beginning to show up in the Chi-..

cago and other western markets in in—

creasing numbers. It is probable that

before long these Offerings will become

important factors in establishing prices.

People are eating muttOn generally to a

much greater extent than in former

years', but much higher prices would un-

doubtedly tend to check its consumption.



Many of the cattle coming to market



Slice-pmen should bear in mind that

slaughtercrs are discriminating severely

against heavy lots of lambs and year-

lings, the demand centering strongly on

well fattened medium weights. Heavy

lambs are wanted at yearling prices and

heavy ycarlings are 'Wanted at near the

prices for aged sheep.



The hog industry starts off another

year under highly promising aspects, even

if sales are made at present at very much

lower prices than those paid at the high-

est time in 1912. Hog prices last year

were uniformly higher than for the pre-

vious year. but they failed to reach the

high levels of 1910, in which year all pre-

vious high records were smashed. The

marked gains in prices during the fall,

which put hogs up to exceptionally high

levels. and among the highest ever reach-

ed. excepting 1910, were brought about

by a cholera scare, the state of Iowa be-

ing visited by probably the worst out-

breaks of the malady ever experienced,

just as Illinois had been during the pre-

vious year. But the epidemic in Iowa

proved even more severe than it had

been in Illinois, and enormous numbers

of pigs and hogs sickened and died, caus-

ing severe financial losses to the farmers

of Iowa. In many counties of Iowa the

glow of fires caused by the burning of

the dead hogs was seen at great distances

in the sky at night. >



Numerous flocks of fed western range

wethers and lambs that were grazed on

the stump lands of northern Michigan

have been marketed in recent weeks in

Chicago, and as a rule they were nicely

fattened and sold extremely well, making

generous profits for their owners. It has

been thoroughly demonstrated by this

time that the cut-over lands of northern

Michigan are admirably suited for raising

and fattening sheep, the cost involved

being very small. These lands can be

bought for comparatively low prices in

many instances, and it is highly probable

that they will in the coming years he

bought up and largely given up to the

sheep industry.



Snow’s annual report oh number and

value of farm animals shows a decrease

in the number of every class of animals.

Milch cows show a decrease of 442,000

head; other cattle a decrease of 1.838.000;

head; hogs a decrease of 5,550,000 head.

and sheep a decrease of 2,373,000 head.

The loss in hogs is wide-spread and

heavy, especially in sections where hog





 





iTHE MICHIGAN :‘FARIMER'





cholera has prevailed. The falling off in

cattle and hog supplies is heaviest in the

corn surplus and meat-producing states,

and where it will most severely affect

commercial supplies. In the seven sur-

plus corn states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Iowa. Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska,

there is a. shortage of 4,000,000 hogs out

of a total shortage of 5,000,000 hogs re-

ported in the entire country, and the

same states show a cattle shortage of

820.000 head of the total shortage of 1,-

838,000. The shortage of hogs on feed

and available for market during the win-

ter months is decidedly greater than the

shortage in total numbers, as young sows

that would ordinarily be marketed are

everywhere being held for breeding pur-

poses in an effort to increase the hog

supply for next year. Estimates of the

numbers new on feed are sensationally

small in some districts, and show a gen-

eral shortage of between 15 and 20 per

cent as compared with last year in the

strictly hog states.



Farmer~stockmen of northern Illinois

lost so many of their hogs from cholera

that they have been buying a great many

stock hogs from farmers of northern VVis-

consin, where feed is scarce, paying

around $7 per 100 lbs. for light weights.

Northern Illinois farmers were favored

with abundant corn and other feed crops,

including plenty of roughage. and they

were shrewd enough to fill their feed

lots some time ago with cattle, the great-

er part of their feeder steers costing from

$7.25@7.70, most of theSe cattle having

carried considerable flesh and grading

high when purchased. Corn in northern

Illinois has been selling around 390 per

bushel, and roughage is plentiful and .15

being used largely for carrying cuvtt‘le

through the Winter. Most of the cattle

are expected to be ready for returning to

market well finished as becves from April

to June next. Quite a number of shock-

men make a point of staying in the cat-

tle and hog feeding business year after

year, no matter how conditions may be.



F. 0. Link, an experienced feeder of

prime cattle, of New Bloomfield, Mo., mar-

keted in Chicago recently on Monday 44

branded western grade Hereford steers

that averaged 1,513 pounds at $9.10 per

100 pounds. \Vhile on full feed they were

given as much ground corn and cob meal

as they would eat, in addition to six

pounds of molasses fced per head daily,

with clover hay used for roughness.





 





There are many

superior features

in the





Nappanee

Silo Let us tell





you about

them

Reliable Agents Wanted.

“Buy a Nappanee

’ and get a guarantee”

Ilappanoo lbr. & Mtg. 60..

315 So. Madison SLR





 





 





35—.179~

IT'S SHAME

TO LET YOUR WIFE

CRANK A SEPARATOR





Such drudgery is unfit for a woman.

It’s a backbreakin g grind. And there

It comes every day,





out doing a hired man’s heavy chores?



You cannot aflord extra help? Very

likely. But you can afford an “AU'1:0—_

MATIC” Cream Separator. It will skim

without cranking. Re uires no labor

but pouring in milk. child can do

that, as the milk tank is only 37

inches high. And the





u The 19131 ” Creo‘m‘

Automa C Separator

Will Save You Money





it,“ It skims closer





 





than any hand

powermachine,

withaskimmilk.

record of less

than 1-100 of 1%



butter fat. It



skims with-



out varia-

tion. The bowl

spins at a high

even speed. The

result is more and

better cream.





varies. When the

operator tires, it

slackens, and

butter fat is lost.





Engines: Separatorindne





The tw0 are so nicely adjusted and so

solidly combined that there is no trace





of vibration in the bowl. Engine can be

used to drive churn or washing machine.

It’s a little wonder.



You don’t have to buy an “AUTOMAT-

Ic” without knowing all about it and

seeing it in actual operation. Write us for

full information. We’ll send you our cata-

logue and tell you where you can see the

Separator work. If you will g1ve us the

name of your dealer, we’ll write him direct.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





NAPPANII, . INDIANA.

9 GOIlllS III l0 HOU RS

L. transom“ ‘ ___._ ‘21:...“ _ u sure non





   

   

     





a. ' I. it, u... .

or on m. to. mg or run wooos. Save: money and

backache. Send for FREE catalog No. B44 showing low price

and tcstimoniuls from thousands. First order gets agency.





Folding Sawing Mach. Co., 161 W. Harrison SL. Chicago. III.

835 to $60 a week





‘kEiEll I s proposition.





BOWMAN CO., Div. F 219, Waterloo, Ia.





Gflllll'l'Y IAIIAIIEII WANTED





We want a reliable Manager in each Oountv to se-

cure and look after local Oanvassers to sell Mills

SEEDS, PLANTS. BULBS, etc., (which are well

known everywhere). Oanvassers report to the

County Man 1' and he reports to our office. Easiest.

kind of work 0 look after. It requires onl ' a few

days to establish a County Manager and will take

only a small portion of time‘at‘terwards.



Excellent opportunity. Any reliable person over '11 years of

1128. located in tho city. village or country who can qualify will

be acceptable as our Manager. If interested apply quick for

full particulars naming County desired. Address





Mlllo Seed House, Dept. 68, Rose Hill, N. Y.





 





 





One cent invested

in a postal card

will bring you a





 





 





—A be .i d ’ '

Wanted to‘fiori 03 6337113?“ 68238513:

By the first man in the field, with seventeen years

EDW. E. EVANS, West Branch,Mlch.

GUI-l. BEAN $15 mil. 1. o. h. Deirol



b ' t ', ' 1,.

a???“ 3216 223.311.8121.;

he mails.

Mich, Farmer: Elevator, 983 Junction ivo.,iiatroll, Iilcll.

liberal advancements and prompt remittances.

9

Daniel McCalirey s Sons Co.

Reference, Washington Trust Company, or any blah inc“,





and kind to stock. COLE BROS. Ypsilanti, Mich.

experience as grower. originator and introducer.

sacks included. We buy

cans to avoid drying out in t

We get the top price on consignments. make

PITTSBURG. PA.

HAY





 





Ship your carload I

THE E. L. on to

Detroit.





no.

RICHMOND CO

- Michigan.





u





Good stock of buy for sale at

to $10 per ton on cars Rudyard?





 





 





 





Ell. WHITE. MGM. film Gullah.





Standard Separator Co.





Box « 0-33 Milwaukee, Wis.





GANADA’S OFFERING

The American Rush (of

T0 The SOIIIOI‘ Western Canada I. lnorIoatshlqv

n c

Free Homestead: m

Districts of Manitoba, Saskat-

chewan and Alberta, there are

, thousands of Free Homesteads

left, which to th man making

entry in 3 years time will be

worth from 020 to 825 per acre.

These lands are well adapted

grain growing and cattle raising.





Excellent Railway Faculties

In many cases the railways in

Canada have been built in ad-

Vmce or settlement. and in a short time

7 there will not be a settler who need be

-/»;£2/ more than ten or twelve miles from a line



~ of railway. Railway Rates are regulated

. by Government Commission.



SOCIAL CONDITIONS. The Ameri-

can Settler is at home in Western Canada.

He is not a stranger in o. strange land,

' having nearly a million of his own people

already settled there. If you desire to

know why the condition of the Canadian

Battier is so prosperous write to any of

the Canadian Government Agents and

send for literature, rates. ac" to





M. V. McInnes

176 Jefferson Ave.

Detroit, Mich.





- . or address :Supt. of Immigmtion.

' Ottawa, Canada.





 





 





 

 





 





 





“me unstsr Aim BEST till! 0?





WELL DRILLING





MAC H I NE RY in America. We





have been making

it for over20 years. Do not buy until you see

our new Illustrated Catalogue No.14, Send for

it now. It is FREE,





Austin Manufacturing 00., chicago.

STUM P Pu LLER





Wursnted the most practical machine made. One man on '

20 tons. 8 styles. 10 sizes. 825 and up. Screw,Cabloor Hand P:wlelg

We make cheapest TILE DITOHER and the best





corn Harvester °'°' ”‘d- 0“ 1W cuts 2......





One man. No twine. 0 ‘

Agents wanted. Our new 64-page Catalog FREE. WritenTzdry:

ILL. BENNETT I COMPANY. WESTERVILLI. OHIO-





tgg‘: ,._., T roommate





 





   

 





$9 offered {or certain Inveno

6911:. k “How to Obtain a Patent"

and ‘What to Invent" sent free. Send

rough sketch [or free reportas to patenv

abii ty. Patents advertised for sale at





our expense in Manufacturers' Jou





cum & CMNIILEE. Patent Alf”

Established 16 You:

1 7 D.





W in

uwus Bull.- in MICHIGAN mum

when no In Irih. om.
HEWO

BELGIANS





NEW IMPORTATION





We have given more than a quarter

century to‘importing breeding and dis-

tribution of the Belgian horse. We

handle no other breed and believe we

have now in this new importation of

stallions and mares a class of horses

that will please you. and all are for

sale at prices not equalled by anyone

in the business when merit is consider-

ed. Will be pleased to have you ask

about them and to visit us at any time.





[1.8: H.WOLF





Wabash, Ind.

HEWO STOCK FARM





 





 





 





 





A. A. PALMER a SONS‘





Open the season with the finest aggregation of





PERBHERD Stallions





and Mares





they have ever offered to the breeding public.

60 Head to select irom.

P. O. Beldinn. Mich. R. R. Orleans.





DUNHAMS’

PERCHERONS





are today as for the past

forty-seven years the





, y - B-E-S-T-

‘ Fresh importation. Cat-

“? alogue FREE.





DUNHAMS. Wayne. Du Page County. Ill.





PERGHEBOIS—BLAGKS and GRAYS





We can show more bone and muscle than any breed-





 

 





 





er in Miclii an. Young stock for sale from mares

weighin. 1 to 2000 lbs. Imposant 79403 (79.835)

weight ‘ 30 lbs. at head of stud.



C AS. 050000 6: SONS. Mendon, Mich.





PERCIIERllNS’S’fi" §€§iilffdad‘ltkngifiaiyiiié

yearling stud colts. R. OVERHOLT. Dutton, Mich.





ling. Percheron Stallion and Marc Coll: for Sale.

M. A. BRAY. Okemos. Mich.





m orted and um bred ' We make a s eci-

I fielgian &_ Igircheron Stallions- alty of Qua ity,

Bone andWVeight. G. & H. LOCKER. Blufl'ton, Ohio.





PERCH ERONS





bred for utility as well as show quality. Stable

includes several international winners. Young

Stock for sale. Come. or write



B. F. ANDERSON. R. No. 1, Adraln, Michigan.





qOME fine young registered Clydesdale Stallions

k_ for Sale from 1 to years old. In the spring some

will make ton horses with lots of quality and good

action. Must be sold before the first of April.

F. A. I’ETZ. Capnc. Michigan.





—chistered Perch-

lilaple Grove Stock Farm 8,0,, 8...“...

Mares and Colts for sale, with size. bone and ual_

ity. EARL W. BARNARD. R. No. 13, Saranac, lcll.





F0" SALE—One three-year-old Percheron Stallion

a good one. Also two spring Colts.

CHARLES R. DEAN & 00.. Vermontville, Michigan.





JACKS and MULES





Raise mules and get rich.

18 Jack and Mule farms un-

der one management.

where can be seen 420 head 5

fine lar e Jacks, Jennys and

mules, 4 to 17 hands high.

Good ones. Stock guaran-

teed. Write for prices to

day. Address

KREKLER'S JACK FARM





 

 





 





West Elkton. Ohio.

Branch barns: Clinton Ind,





 





PEBGHERDNS





Low Prices.





THE‘MICHIG





Healthy (laws All

The Year Round!





A natural food that strengthens and

builds up is far better than any kind

of tonic or medicine for animals, as

well as for men. Scientists have

proved that this new food increases

the value of any kind of feed, when '

mixed with it.





Buckeye Feeding Molasses





is pure, cane sugar molasses. One

user says “I formerly paid the veteri-

nary $60 per month—now he and I

are strangers. ’ ’——( Signed) John Freer,

Detroit, Mich.





Buckeye Feeding Molasses helps

make more milk, and keeps your cows

in good condition. It is also a good

fattener for beef cattle.





-—Buckeye Feeding

was... i. as...

by horses. It keeps their stomachs in

perfect condition, aids digestion and





besides saving feed, prevents kidney

diseases, colds, etc.





-—Will keep your flock

For Shee healthy and well;

adds weight and makes finer wool

and more of it.





——Ma_kes every hog a big

For Hogs hog—mo runts. Larger

profits in pork.

Our Free Trial oiler;





Send this coupon today and get our

test proposition.





w. [LEDGAR & sow.

562 Lniayelte Blvd.. :-: Detroit. Mich.

— — — — — — — -





W. H. EDGAR 6: SON,

562 Lafayette Blvd. Detroit, Mich.





I have ........................ head of cattle ...............





sheep .................. hogs and .................. horses

Send me your trial proposition to. prove that

Buckeye Feeding Molasses will benefit all

of them. ,



Name .......................................... R, F, I) .........





 





.4 v ‘4





AN.FA.RMER-.





gillllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg





Veterinary.





nfillllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHIHHIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY w. C. FAIR, vs.”





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be- published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has: been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a fee: of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





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Impactlon.~—We have a mare that has

had occasioual attacks of colic and block-

ing of bowels. W. B., Pentwnter, Mich.—

Give her ,ground ginger, and a little salt

with each meal; exercise her daily and

keep her bowels open. By watching her

bowel mOVements, you can prevent her

having impaction, but if it does occur,

give her a-loes, calomel and ginger, fol-

lowed by large doses of raw linseed oil.

Lice on Cattle.—-Please inform me of

the proper way to kill lice on cattle. J.

H., Chelsea, Mich—Put 5 ozs. crushed

stavesacre seed in a gallon of boiling wat-

er, let it simmer for two or three hours,

strain through cheese cloth, fill to origi-

nal gallon then apply to lousy cattle two

or three times a week and it will soon

kill the lice. Or apply any one of the

coal tar disinfectants regularly advertised

in this paper. ‘



Barren Cow—Have cow that freshened

in May; since then she has failed to come

in heat. J. H. T., Pittsford, Mich.——Give

her 1 dr. ground nux vomica, 3 drs. of

ground capsicum and 15 grs. powdered

cantharides at a dose in feed twice a

day.



Lumpjaw—Scours..—Have a two-year-

old heifer with large luuip on lower jaw

and I would like lo know what can be

applied that will remove it. Also, what

had I better give calves that have scours?

\V. MOO, Erie, Mich—Apply one part

red iodide mercury and four parts lard

every week aud'give 2 drs. potassium

iodide at a dose three times a day. live

your calves 10 or 1.5 grs. of sale] at a

dose three times a day. .



\V. R. '1‘., Plymouth, Mich—Sec remedy

for killing lice on cattle, this column.



Paralysis—I have a yearling steer that

is unable to stand on fore legs, but seems

to be all right in hind quarlers. I). C.,

Stockbridge, Mich—Give your yearling

steer 1 dr. ground nux vomica and 1 dr.

potassium iodide at a dose in feed there

times a day. Apply equal parts aqua

ammonia, turpentine and olive oil to

shoulder once a day.



Obstructed Tent—Heifer has small

sores on end of teat which interfere with

milk flow. \Vould you advise me to let

her wear a tent plug and withdraw it

when she is milked? I also have another





 





 





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cow that has small kernels or bunches

in milk duct. A. L. L., Goldwater, Mich.

—Inscrt a clean teat plug and leave it in

between milking time and apply one part

powdered alum and five parts boracic

acid to sore twice a day. Remember. the

teat plug and iflyou use a milking tube,

they should be thoroughly cleaned every

time they are used. Apply iodine oint-

ment to teat that is obstructed.



\V. C., Cassopolis. Mich—See prescrip-



tion for cow that does not come in heat,

this column.

Spasm of Larynx.—My young pigs fre-

quently have a sort of fit, following the

first mouthful or two they take. After

this fitty spell passes off they stagger

around. a little then go to eating. These

pigs are about two months old. C. S.,

Yale, Mich—Your pigs either choke

themselves or else the food is quite- cold

and produces spasm of larynx; I am in-

clined to believe they choke on the first

mouthful of food. Feed them Warm semi-

solid food and spread it out thin. this

will prevent them taking too much food

in mouth at once.



Barren Sow.~—VVe have a brood SOW

supposed to be 10 or 11 years old, a.

Poland—China that comes in heat irregu-

larly, but does not get with pig. We had

a sow that seemingly remained in heat

during pregnancy and had a. litter the

112th day after she was bred. M. A. 0.,

Wayne C0.~I have known similar cases

to the one you mention and should ad-

vise you to hot have your sow served

until perhaps April, for she may pos-

sibly be pregnant; however, at her‘age

she may be barren.



Rickets.—Hzive a pig two and one-half

months old that I purchased a short time

ago which is somewhat inclined to fall

when walking. The whole trouble ap-

pears to be in back or bind quarter-s.

D. A., Montague, Mich—You have per-

haps fed your pig too much corn. Feed

some oats, oil meal and give him a ta—

blespoonful or tWo of lime water at a,

dose in feed three times. a day. Also

keep him dry and warm and let him ex-

ercise more. Feed him some roots.





Sore Throat—I have a sheep that has

been acting dumpish for the past week;

she does not eat and I have noticed lat-

er that her tongue is some swollen and

there is a small paunch below jaw. She

is also quite constipated and we have

given her salts and oil with poor results.

P. D., Ida, Mich—Apply camphorated oil

'to throat twice a day. Dissolve 2 drs. of

chlorate of potash in a pint of water and

give her a dessertspoonful at a dose to

gargle throat five times a day. Also give

her 2 grs. of quinine at a. dose three

times a. day,



Acute Indigestion—Rheumatism.—We

found a dead sheep in lot considerably

bloated; she had appearance of blood

settling in neck and I would like to know

if this sheep’s death could have been

caused by eating too much Sal-Vet? We





 





 





FEB. 8, 1913.

(Continued from page 151).



'Ho’gs need some mineral matter, and

this can be very nicely supplied by let-

ting them at all times have access to

ashes, charcoal and salt. By ’having

these substances where the Sows can get

them at all times it will be noticed that

there is a marked tendency of the sows

not to desire to eat their young at time

of farrowing. All during the time of

pregnancy the sow’s system should be

kept toned up well. Keep the bowels of

the pregnant sow in good shape and do

not allow them to remain conStipated. I

think it pays well to have your SOWS ac- ~

customed to being handled.



I find no special harm in allowing the

brood sows to all have common range

up to within a couple of weeks of far-

rowing time, at which time- I think best

to put each sow into quarters of her

own. This private quarter should be

clean, dry and well ventilated, and ‘she

will not now require much exercise.



U. S. Dept, Ag. 'A. M. LATHAM.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.



The peculiar conditions surrounding the

cattle trade of the country are freely

commented on everywhere, and many

stockmen in feeding districts are “up in

the air,” acknowledging‘ that they are

bewildered by the changes in prices and

the character of the demand. Ever since

the high time late in 1912, when the

choicer claSS of corn-fed beeves sold in

the Chicago market at $10 to $11 per 100

lbs., with handy little yearling steers

going nearly as high as the best heavy

long-fed lots, there has been an almost

uninterrupted downward movemient in

values, resulting from the lack of a de-

mand for high-priced beeves. Every buy-

er draWS the line now strongly against

anything in the cattle line that is held at

a high figure, and the demand runs

mainly (in something cheap that can be

cut up into light cuts of beef and re-

tailed at moderate prices in the meat

markets of the country. Fortunately for

their owners. most of the prime corn-fed

cattle of good Weights were marketed

some'time ago, and what pass for prime

beevcs now would not have been termed

so when the market was the highest in

early December. For some time past stOCk-

men have been marketing 'a good many

short—fed, warmed-up cattle, owners

showing a disposition to accept the good

profits While they were obtainable, and

they have in many instances purchased

thin cattle for refilling feed lots for spring

and summer feeding. The commoner cat-

tle have sold much higher than late- in

1912, and even ordinary cunners, cutters

and bulls are extremely good sellers. To

a large extent common to fair cattle have

been selling 40@50c per 100 lbs. higher

than at the time last year when choice

beeves were the highest.



Patrick Cudahy, the Milwaukee packer,

went on record a short time ago as pre-

dicting that there will be $9 hogs by

next April and probably $10 hogs by

August. He believes it will be~along in

November Or December before swine will

be plentiful again. He added that he

could not see anything ahead but higher

prices for hog products. “The extremely

cold weather last winter and spring had

its effect on the pig crop,” he said, “and

owing 'to high prices for feed all last

summer, there was no incentive for farm-

ers to brecd. I think. it will be next

November or December before we are

back in hogs again. Cured hams here in

January 'are a scarce article and are

selling at considerable premiums over

green hams. something very unus-

ual. We are over one million hogs short

compared to normal since the first of last

November, and between now and next

November there will be a shortage of

two million hogs. Exports of hog meats

are small, but large of lard, but foreign-

ers are beginning to take hold of meats.

I see no sense in selling corn at 20 Ito 25

cents per bushel lower than a year ago

and-do not believe farmers will market

more from their last crop than of the

1911 crop. They all have plenty of mon-

ey and corn cribs and will be likely to

hold on. If anything happens to the corn

crop next summer, a. little old corn will

come in handy.” ‘



Iowa hog raisers are being championed

in the legislature by Henry Bernbrock, of

Waterloo, in that state. He not only

favors state aid for the farmers in pre-

venting the spread of hog cholera, but he

proposes to do what he can to stop the

practice of packing houses in docking hogs,

his intention being to introduce in the

present session a bill making it illegal

for a slaughter house to dock weights on

hogs on account of “stags.” His proposed

measure would apply only to Iowa pack—

ing plantS, and he believes such a law

Would enc0urage hog growers to ship to

Iowa packing houses. He intends to

make the bill applicable only to swine ship-

ped within the state, so as not to permit

outside shippers to take advantage of

Iowa packers by shipping in “stags,” Did

you ever see any “stag” pork offered for

sale in a butcher shop?” he asked. “No,

of course not. The packing houses sell

these stags they dock weights on at the

same rate they sell other pork. There- is

absolutely no justification for taking 80

lbs. off a man’s hog becauSe it is under

quality when they make no distinction in

the quality when they offer it for con-

sumption.”



W. S. Pipes, of Linn county, Mo., who

sold 31 head of steers that averaged 1,316

pounds in Chicago recently, said that

cattle are so scarce in his partIof the

country that it requires hard riding all

day long to obtain a. few small lots of

feeding cattle. This has not been the

case for many yearn, he added, and in

past years a buyer could buy from 400m

500 head of good stocker and feeder cat-

tle in the. course of a day’s riding.
FEB. :, 1913.





sinuous





 

 





VEIVONE ASKS HIM, “HOW DID You 00 IT?”





WILIUR HOLMl'B of Somers, Conn, Aug. 5. 1912. writes:



The very day I ordered Snve-the-Horso our horse got so

had We telephoned forsdoetnr. He ordered poulticcs on

several dfll. It finally broke and ran, and the foot





looked to be coming ofl"; we were frightened. Did not

know what to do about using Seve-the-Horse The crack

kept growing wider and we expected tn 1 xse him. Finally





I said we mi ht as well try it; we had spent the money and

had the med cine; it can't surely make him worse. We

began with Seve-the—iiorse mu SURF. A‘l THE WORLD

the crack began to close and finally healed and he now

steps SQUARE on that foot. Every one says. “How did

you do it?" and "What did ynu use?" People are sur-

prised. lhave been sick or you Would have heard from

me before. we are so pleased. it surely did sure my horse.

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T‘HE' MICHIGAN





have another sheep that appears to be

stiff and sore. Prescott, Mich.—

Feeding Sal-Vet would improve the con-

dition of your sheep and it is not poi-

sonous. Your sheep died the result of

acute indigestion. Give your other sheep

5 grs. sodium salicylate at a dose three

times a day until the stiffness and sore-

ness disappears.



Breeding Questions—Is there any feed,

medicine or treatment for a young sow

so that the periods of heat may be plain-

ly discovered? I have a thrifty Poland

China sow six months old which I hope

to breed in January. Have watched for

signs of heat, but have seen nothing pos-

itive. Took her to boar twice, but was

not ready. Is there any advantage in

allowing a young sow to idle eight or nine

months after first litter, before the next

one? Say, have her furrow in June at

one year and then not again till next

spring? E. E. “2, Ann Arbor, Mich.—

Give her 1/2 teaspoonful capsicum, one-

sixtic-th Of a grain of strychnine and a.

teaspnonful of ginger zit a dose in feed

two or three times a day and you will

perhaps be able to discover her when in

heat. If your sow is well developed and

growthy it will not be necessary to wait

so long before mating her again.



Cutarrh.—My chickens are troubled

with n cold and cough and I have been

wondering if they (lid not have- roup. A.

B. 0, Mt. Clemens, Mich—Perhaps your

chickens roost in a damy draft; if so,

keep them in a well—sheltered, well-light-

ed room and give. them plenty of nutri-

tious food.



Chronic Stiffness—I have a nine—year-





old mare that is in foal, which is ex-

tremely stiff and sore, caused by fast

driving, hard work and exposure. G. D





8., Quinby, Mich—Give your mare a tea-

spoonful of powdered nitrate potash and

a teaspoonful powdered colchicum at a.

dose in feed three times a day for {L

week. then give her a teaspooni‘ul sodium

salicylaie at a dose in feed three times

a week. Then repeat this treatment un-

til she shows improvement. Clip hair off

coronet in front and apply one part can-

thariilcs and six parts lard three times a

month.



Acute- Indigestion—I have a mare that

is not less than 15 years old that has an

aituck of acute indigestion every three





or four weeks. W. K., Elsworth, Mich.—

Feed her oats, some dry bran and well

cured timothy, exercise every day and

give her two tablespoonfuls of ground





ginger, a tablespoonful of powdered chur—

coal, :1 (lesscrtspoonful of salt and a tu-

blcspoonful bicarbonate soda at .a. dose in

feed two or three times a day.



Fractured Hip—l liuve a colt coming

two years old that fell on ice and knock-





cil hip down and is causing great lame,-

ness. but lately he travels better. Is

there a remedy for this ailmcni‘.’ \V. 0.





Martin, Mich—Your colt fractured

bone of hip which has perhaps united

and if a bony union took place instead of

a fibrous union, the animal will»soon g0

sound, but perhaps stop a little shorter

with injured leg. The hip will always be

a little deformed, but the animal should

be useful.



Partial Dislocated Stifle.—“'e have a

colt that has' either

sprained or dislocated stifle joint and

there is a bunch on joint which causes

colt to drag this leg. This joint snaps at

every step. Our Vet. prescribed hot Wat-

er and liniment, but it. fails to help him.

C. D. XV” Evart, Mich—Apply one part

red iodide mercury and ten parts ccraic

of caniliarides to stifle joint three times

a month.



Brood Mare Out of Condition—“’e have

a Clydesdale mare heavy with foal which

is very thin and much out of condition.

She raised a. colt last summer and worked

hard last fall. She is only four years

old and when fleshy will weigh 1,650 lbs.

G. H., North Branch. Mich—Groom your

mare well twice a, (lay. Increase her food

supply, exercise her daily and give her

1 oz. ground gentian, 1 oz. ground gingcr

and 1/2 oz. fenugreek at a. dose in feed

two or three times a. day.



R0ui'e1‘—Cough.—vMy ll-year-old mare

had sore throat last summer causing her

to cough and blow badly when exerted.

She cats and drinks plenty, but is thin.

She may be with foul. E. \V. L., Tawas

City, Mich. Apply equal parts tincture

odine and carnphorated oil to throat three

times a week, and give 1 dr. ground nux

Vomica, 1 dr. powdered lobelia and a des-

sertspoonful Fowler’s soluliOn at a dose

in feed three times a day. Her recovery

is doubtful; however, a surgical operation

on throat might make her well.



Contracted Foot—«Have a horse that

stumbled laSt spring and is still very

lame. The hoof is dry, hard and con-

tracted. She walks best on soft ground.

C.‘ M. \V., Kibbie, Mich—Clip hair off

coronct and apply one part powdered cun-

tharides and six parts lard three or four

times a month. The foot should be kept

moist.



Loosencss of" Bowels.——I have a. horse

that is troubled with looseness of bowels

and I had his teeth floated, but it failed

to help him. J. C.. Birch Run, Mich.—

Give him 1 oz. ginger, 1 oz. powdered

catechu, and 1A3 oz. prepared chalk at a

dose in feed two or three times a day.

Be sure and wafer him before feeding

grain and if driven fast avoid giving him

too much water at a time.



“*eak Slide—My 18-montlis-old colt is

not lame, but his stifle must be weak;

he went wrong eight months ago. B. J.

.B., Bad Axe, Mich—Apply one part

aqua ammonia, one part t‘urpentine and

four parts raw linseed oil to stifle every

day or two.



Blocked Quarter.—-I have a cow that

came fresh ten days ago and I am un-

able to draw milk with a milking tube

from one quarter. The quarter of udder

was all right when she. went dry. W. A.

R., Jackson, Mich—The function of

quarter is destroyed and you Will never

be able to get much milk from it; there-





 





'tore, you had better leave her alone.





 





 





r





 





 





 





F A R M E R ' 37—181





/





 





.iiiiluiimlilil

i.





."ii i "ll





Feed 1/2 T375 r ..

. \lllilllillllllMliW

at Our R15 Piaf.“ “Wm-Tum





Au Make Your Park Grow Faster

”' Make Your Profits, Grow Bigger





, 6’7” Do you know that Molasses. i3

/ 1“. the best and cheapest feed for growmg

— “’ , pigs and fattening hogs?





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





Do you know

that a gallon of Molasses is equal in feed-

ing value to almost a bushel of corn or oats?

It is a fact, and farmers who are feeding this are '

Doubling Their Stock Profits. Read this: ,





O



The U. S. Dept. of A gnculture Says

— — _ _ — _7



in Bulletin No. 170, “The principle content (food value)

of oats, for example. is Nitrogen Free Extract, of which Oats con-

tains 45.7% digeStible. The principle content of Cane Molasses is

Nitrogen Free Extract of which it contains 69.3% digestible“—

almost 5076 more.





The Maryland Experiment Station





shows in Bulletin No. 117, that Molasses increases the

digestibility of all grain and hay fed With it 24%. Is it any





fed with rain it makes stock grow and fatten

goyfigfieggfga‘wlfigm grow: an fatten before. And remember. Molasses is

all feed-there is no Waste, And it costs you one-third to one-llalfless

than any other feed. I): is by fair ‘the choral?“ ilslnfgrlgztggg (Mil; niece-:33;

- s oers an or a .

pociaiiy for fattening 088 an grain when fed or in the slop for hay.





to “awn.“ p... n the F— E E D IN. G '

6122}? I re ”01.4 on





is’ the guaranteed, unadulterated Cane E





Molasses. Contains the natural digestive

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the digestive organs—keeps the bowels a



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—No other feed can compare with it for 6a]



results. We don‘t ask you to take our word °



for all this-we prove it or no pay. In BGPPEZS‘



HelghtPard



East of Mississippi



River and North of



Tennessee. Propor-



tionate freight allow-



ance to points further





Es! "We saw





 





 





J ‘





, ill





74 I

,._. r





In.





 





i ,,

Lilli

_.Ԥ;:





firtflgStockhuyer





In your neighbor-

ho o d W h a t h e

thinks of molasses

as a profit-produc-

ing f e ed. H e

knows that the

men who are

making big

money and

topping the





 

 





 

 





 

 

 





 





 





 





.

At Our Risk

— — —

Simply send us your order direct from this

advertisement for one or more barrels. We pay all





 





 





 





 





ma’ket Wlth freight charges. When it arrives feedone-halfa barre!



Prime SW“ and watch results. If you don't find it the best and cheap- on on ”ma".



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Largest [Inclusive Distributors of Feeding Molasses in the United States





 





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[ElmlllllI|llHilllIlllllllllllillllllllllllIlllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllIllll|lll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllll||Ill|lllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIlllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllI|llllllfllllllllllllllllfl





 





Practical





THE BLEACHING OF FLOUR.





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.



As is well known to all mlllers and

likewise to many farmers, there has been

current a demand for flour which has

been aged. As is customary in certain

other lines of production and manufac-

ture, the aging of flour seems to produce

certain desirable results which seemingly

enhance its value when used for bread-

making purposes. I



Aging of Flour Like Aging of Meat.



A notable example of a similar effect

in another product is shown in the aging

of meats. It is generally considered de-

sirable, through the caprice of the trade,

that meat should be held in storage for

varying lengths of time after slaughter,

in order that certain beneficial conditions

brought about during the storage or ag-

ing may be permitted. Some dispute the

desirability of aging meat but we think

there is no doubt that general market

conditions demand the storage of meat

for~a short period of time before its con-

sumption. In the case of flour there

seems to be an almost general unanimity

of opinion that it is improved from sev-

eral points of View, either directly or in-

directly by the aging process.



Effect of_ Aging Whiskey Compared.



Some years ago we were advised certain





{very desirable results were accomplished





by the aging of whiskey, developing

therebya certain mellowness which it was

claimed the freshly distilled product did

not exhibit. \\'e then supposed that this

mellowness in whiskey which was brought

about through the aging process was

chiefly the elimination through oxidation

of the fuse] oil which the raw distillate

contained. It has been demonstrated

since that this assumption was incorrect.

However, many commercial chemists had

begun turning their minds in the direc-

tion of artificially aging whiskey and the

bulk of these processes involved the re-

moval of the fuse] oil. (if course, this

line of operation became obsolete when

it finally became proven that the removal

of the fuse] oil was not the change which

actually took place during the aging of

the whiskey.



So now we come again to the proposi—

tion of the aging of flour. Just what

change or changes take place during the

aging of flour are unknown. \Vithout

doubt, as in the ripening or' aging of

meat, certain enzymic or possibly bac-

teriological changes take place. “'hat-

ever the agent which causes the activity

that is exhibited in the aging of flour, the

resultant product for some purpdses





 





 

 

   

 

 





 





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seems to be in greater demand in com-

merce than the freshly milled flour.

Change of Color.





One change in flour during storage





which is very readily recognized is the

change in color. In other words, flour

becomes bleached after storage for a.





considerable period of time, under certain

conditions. Flour, especially from spring

wheat. has a very marked bloom, in some

instances has a decidedly creamy appear-

ance which color seems to be contributed

by the oil or fat in the flour. The col-

oring matter being dissolved in the. oil,

after a prolonged storage, becomes bleach-

ed, thus materially whitening the flour.

Storage a Big Expense.



The question of the storage of flour is

quite an item of expense, especially when

a great many hundred barrels are held

for varying lengths of time to suit mar—

ket conditions, storage space becomes an

item of some considerable importance and





accordingly millers have attempted to

shorten this storage t'ime as much as

possible. Several patents have been is-





sued in this country and abroad for what.

has been termed the artificial aging of

flour or as we more commonly hear it,

the artificial bleaching of flour. It is ad-

mitted that the only result accomplished

by resorting to the artificial bleaching of

flour is the changing of the color. In oth-

er words, the oil in the fat of the flour

becomes so changed that ‘it is practically

colorless. Therefore flour which has been

artificially bleached, to the eye at least, is

comparable to flour which has been stor-

ed for a considerable length of time. One

of the great objections to the artificial

bleaching of flour is the fact that the

color change is the only change which

the flour undergoes. Consequently what

other desirable enzymic or ripening

changes the natural aging of flour may





 





 





conrtibute are entirely ignored in the





EllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllIllIlllllllllllIllllllIlllillll"llIllllllllllIlllllllllIllIlllllHIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllllfl





 





. 1 FEB..8,1913. ’





Science.





 





artificial bleaching. If naturally aged

flour, therefore, contributes a better qual-

ity of loaf to the bread, than the same

flour before aging, it is natural that the

assumption should be made that the

artificial bleaching of flour removes the

very indicator of the desirable conditions

which aging exhibits. On the other hand.

if the color change is the only change

which flour undergoes through the na-

tural aging proeess then, of course, the

artificial aging of flour from this point

of view would be as desirable as the

other. But other counts have been raised

against artificially bleaching flour.

Possible Injury to Health.



The‘first one which the Department of

Agriculture laid its greatest stress upon

was the possible injury to health brought

about by the artificial bleaching of flour;

The other contention was that in such

artificial bleaching of flour it became

possible to substitute in part or in whole

a commercially inferior grade of flour.

The litigation which has been presented

to this matter up to date has had to deal

almost entirely with what is known as

”the Alsop bleaching process.



The Alsop Process.



This process is sometimes known as

the “Flaming Are.” It was discovered

that if flour of~a creamy consistency, or

dark in color, were allowed to fall be-

tween the poles of an electric are, that

when it passed the are it would fall on

the underside completely bleached. Re-

search seemed to establish that this ef-

fect was brought about by the presence

of nitrogen peroxide in the atmosphere

produced by the electric discharge and as

evidence that nitrogen peroxide was pres-

ent the United States government in the

cases at court presented evidence show-

ing varying quantities of nitrites or ni-

trite reucting material in the flour. It

was contended by the government that

these nitrites were injurious to health.‘

This point has not av the present time

been fully established.



Concealment of lnferiorlty.



The other point, regarding the substitu-

tion of commercially inferior substances

was the point which attracted the writer

as the most serious one. \Ve have under-

stood that when the agents for this

bleaching process went about among the

millet-s solociting the sale of bleaching

machinery, one of the arguments most

frequently used was that by the use of

this bleaching machinery the amount of

high grade patent ilour in a certain wheat

could be materially increased. As is W611

known, the percentage of patent flour in

a wheat is controlled in the mill by the

arrangement of the sieves and bolting

cloths In other words, the difference

between a high-grade patent flour and

the flour of the next grade inferior com-

mercially is a difference which is recog-

nized in the mechanical separation of the

flour. ’



illustration.



If by way of illustration we might con-

sider all of the llour which passes through

we will say, a No. 20 bolting cloth, to be

patent flour, and that which stays behind

and, we may say. passes through a No.

18 bolting cloth, should be marked as sec-

ond, then We should expect to find a. dif-

ference in the composition of the patent

ilOur going through the cloth and the sec-

ond flour left behind. Ourtnatural infer-

ence would be that the patent flour would

be lower in fiber and lower in ash. Now

then, if by bleaching artificially the sec-

ond flour, we were able to permit it to

pass with the patent, or No. 1 flour, na-

turally it may be seen that we- have thus

substituted a commercially inferior flour

in part.



Cases Undertermined.



It does not seem that up to the present

time these various counts haVe been

fully substantiated. “'e are waiting with

very much interest the final results of the

court investigation in the matter as to

their being no possible jeopardy to health

and should there be no possibility of de—

ception and fraud, and should the arti-

ficial process substitute all of the desir-

able qualities of the natural aging proc-

ess, then it would seem too bad to litigate

against it. On the other hand, if the ar-

tificial bleaching does jeopardize the

health or if it does permit of the con-

cealment or inferiority or substitution of

commercially inferior flour. then naturally

these latter considerations should take

precedence over counts of commercial

supremacy. .. . - »
a .

l





71:13. ,3. 1,923; ,





 

 





’ THE MICHIGAN --.FA,RMER





 





39—183 ,





 





 





   





EmmmlilllmmmmmuumlmnnmmlmnmmummlIImmlmuImmumm"mulling

E a :3:

5 Farmers Clubs *

Elllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi





Associational Motto: .

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.





 





Associational Sentiment:

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





A CO-OPERATIVE FARMERS’ CLUB.





 





The Co-operative Farmers’ Club of

Wolverine and vicinity was organized at

Wolverine, Saturday, January 18. Its ob-

ject as stated in its constitution, is to

promote co—operation in horticultural and

farm industries by united efforts to grow

better crops, stock and fruit, to secure

better markets and to co-operate with all

other farmers' associations or societies

for mutual good. J. L. Barber, Rondo,

Mich., is president and C. K. Redfield,

Wolverine, Mich., secretary.

FARMERS' CLUBS IN OTHER



STATES.





 





Encouraging reports are from time to

time received of the development of

Farmers' Club work in other states.

showing that this movement, which had

its inception in Michigan, is gadually

spreading throughout the country. The

latest of these-reports is from Ohio, a re-

cent press bulletin from the Ohio State

University com-dining the following item

regarding Farmers’ Clubs in that state:



“For the betterment of agricultural con-

ditions in the state, the three Apple

Creek Farmers' Clubs are a‘type of or-

ganization that might well be imitated

by other communities. From an organ-

ization originally instituted for the con-

sideration pf neighborhood problems, these

Clubs have, during the past three or four

years, developed to over a hundred mem—

bers, gathering semi-monthly for partici-

pation in programs of general agricultural

interest. The development from the origi—

nal phase has been an insistent one,

created by the increasing desire of the

people for information concerning better

and more scientific agricultural methods.

The sessions are held in the district

sch-001 house, and each program comprises

interesting discussions of important top-

ics, directly and indirectly allied with

agricultural progress, by men identified

with activities in other parts of the state

and in the school of agriculture, as well

as suggestions by the more successful

members. The dues are only ten cents

annually, with an initiation fee of 25

cents, thereby prohibiting no one, and at

the same time maintaining the dignity

of organized effort. Entertainments in

the village assist in breaking the winter's

monotony, while corn and fruit shows, at

which prizes are awarded, have done

much to increase interest in the quality

of seed corn used by the farmers of the

community, and in the advantage of

scientific spraying operations. Surmount-

ing in all other features, however, there

is a spirit of co-operation to which can

be attributed much bf the success of the

organization, and the advancement of the

Apple Creek district shOuld be steady and

substantial.”





A PLEA TO PARENTS AND TEACH-

ERS.



In the Michian Farmer of February 17,

1912, was reproduced in reduced size, one

of the “Motto Cards" which the State

Association of Farmers' Clubs has been

instrumental in placing in the school

rooms of Michigan; more than 9.000 of

these “Motto Cards” having been thus

placed. Inquiry brings reports from many

school commissioners that they have

placed the motto cards as requested, and

doubtless, each and every school com—

missioner has done his duty in this mat-

ter, realizing that most valuable reSults

are sure to come therefrom.



The purpose of this brief article, is to

seek to impress on the minds of teachers

and of parents, the great importance of

making an earnest effort to inculcate in

the minds and hearts of the 760,000 boys

and girls, pupils in our schools, the great

value, to them, of adopting as the guid-

ing principle of their lives, the truth, ex-

pressed on the motto cards: “It Pays

Always to Do Right, and, It Never Pays

to Do Wr’ong.” Would that I might take

by the hand each one of these boys and

girls and, while looking into "their bright

eyes, tell them how deeply I am inter-

ested in their highest welfare—these boys





 





 





and girls who are soon to constitute “The

Citizens of Michigan.”

J. T. DANIELLE.



WHAT THE LOCAL CLUBS ARE



DOING.



As usual the conference of the local

Club workers, held during the recent

meeting of the State Association of Farm-

ers’ Clubs, was a most interesting session

of that convention. As usual we will pre-

sent from time to time in condensed

form the principal features of the reports

of the several delegates of local Clubs

throughout the state at this conference

to the end that Club workers throughout

the state may have a better knowledge

of the work which is being done by other

local Clubs. This conference was ably

presided over by Mr. C. B. Scully, ofAl-

m-ont. The first of these reports follow:





Ingham County Farmers' Club.—Mr.

Robb, delegate from‘t'his Club, stated that

it has a membership of 60 families with

a membership fee of 50 cents per family,

This is the oldest Club in the state,’hav-

ing celebrated its fortieth anniversary

last year. This Club uses yearly printed

programs and has a number of special

meetings during the year. Last February

a Corn Club was organized, 34 boys be-

ing interested who grew one-eighth acre

of corn each, doing all the work after

plowing. Twenty-six of these stayed un-

til the finish and an October meeting was

held at which exhibits were made and

prizes awarded. Three factors wcre con-

sidered in the awarding of prizes, viz.,

the yield per acre. The exhibit of the

best ten ears and the best description of

the methods used in producing the corn,

the first two factors being given a value

of 40 points each and the last one 20

points. In May an orchard meeting was

held, three expert demonstrators being

present and four spraying rigs being used.

In AuguSt a Young People’s Meeting was

held and in November, VVomen’s Day, at

which meeting the men served the din-

ner. A meeting is held each month ex-

cept in July.





 





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





Hold Annual Meeting.—The Columbia.

Farmers’ Club held the annual meeting

Saturday, Jan. 11, at the home of \Vm.

Ambler, with an attendance of 45. The

election of officers resulted as follows:

President, W. S. Culver; vice-president,

Mrs. W. E. Randall; secretary, Mrs. A.

\Y. Dunn; reporter, Mrs. Lena Taylor;

chaplain, Rev. Sidebotham; choristerr,

Frank Ball. The woman suffrage ques-

tion was pretty well discussed. Mrs. H.

J. Peterson had a fine paper on the af—

firmative while Dr. Palmer struggled with

the negative, many points being brought

out on both sides. The next meeting of

the Club will be held at the home of Dr.

and Mrs. E. N. Palmer, Saturday, Feb. 7.



The Annual Oyster Dinner of tho Had-

ley and Elba Farmers Club was held in

the Hadley Town Hall, Jan. 23. Though

the weather was stormy and disagreeable

over 100 were present to enjoy the pleas-

ant occasion. After the bountiful dinner,

President B. L. Snook called the- meeting

to order and the necessary business was

transacted. A short but spicy discussion

of the mortgage tax law ensued and a

committee appointed to draw and circu—

late a petition asking for the repeal of

the present law. Dr. Stewart furnished

some fine music on the phonograph and

the long looked for day was over.—Mrs.

C. P. Johns0n, Cor. Sec.



Hold Big Mid-winter Meeting.——The

Somerset Farmers’ Club was entertained

at the home of Mr, and Mrs. L. T. Smith,

Saturday. Jan. 25. The day being an ideal

mid-winter day a large attendance from

all parts of the township was the result.

At one o’clock the company of 85 were

served to a pot-luck dinner, ”fit for a

King.” After this enjoyable repast Was

over they assembled in the parlors to en-

joy a feast of reason, the principal of

which was an address by the Rev. Mr.

Oberlin. Our newly elected president,

Mr. Harry Lombard, presided. First a

song by the,Club, “Battle Hymn of the

Republic," followed by other opening ex-

ercises, and the business session, The first

‘On program was the most excellent ad-

dress on community building. First, so—

cial; second, educational; t‘hird, religious,

by the Rev. Mr. Oberlin. was given in a

forceful and intereSting manner. There

must be clean, wholesome, helpful, so—

cial advantages furnished in our rural

communities if we would keep our peo—

ple, especially the young, from going to

the towns and cities to satisfy their so-

cial cravings. and this is best‘ furnished

by the church. The educational part he

thinks is sadly neglected in many ways.

Many of the rural school buildings are

not fit places for the young to spend so

much of their time; they are unattrac—

tlive, unventilated, etc. The religious part

is a most important one and it should be

the duty and provilege of every person

in the community to help by their pres-

ence and financial support to carry It on.

We cannot do justice to this in this re-

port. Sufficie it say it was well eceived

and appreciated. Roll call was re ponded

to with current events. A good literary

and musical program was then giVen and

the Club adjourned to meet with Mr. and

Mrs. James Dubols, Saturday, Feb. 22.—

Hrs.-E. White, Cor. Sec.





Elli!"|Illlllllllll|llllIlll|lllllllIllII||llllllllllll|lllllllllllllll|llllllllllll||IlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllfl





E Grange.





lLEllllllll|llllllllllllllIllllIllllllll|llllllIlllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllg





Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”





   





 





THE FEBRUARY PROGRAMS.





Suggestions for Second Meeting.



Song, “Merrily Sing.”



Parliamentary review (Guide in Digest,

first ten paragraphs).



Choice and Care of Household Uten-

sils. a talk.



Music by orchestra.



Do we Need Better Farm Credit Facil-

ities in Michigan? discussion.



Echoes from entertainments

enjoyed, by three persons.



Music by orchestra.



“Six School Lunches,” planned and de—

scribed by a mother.



Questions on “Work of Departments of

the State.”



Re'freS-hments——Sisters A., B. and C.

bring two dozen sandwiches each; sis-

ters X., Y and Z. a cake each; bachelors

furnish sugar, coffee and cream.





recently





 





OUR PURPOSE FOR 1913.

State Master Ketcham has asked that

the letterheads used by members of State

Grange Executive Committee this year

shall carry this purpose for 1913: “One

new Grange in every county. Ten new

members in every Grange, and a program

at each Grange meeting. Also a live Po-

mona in every county in Michigan.”

Now this is in accord with what a lot

of us would like to see, no doubt, and if

we are to have these new Granges, and

these new members, if we are to have a.

live Pomona in every county, and a good

program at each meeting, it is up to the

rank and file of the order to bring the

Grange to the point where such a thing

is possible. The State Master can not do

it, the Executivee Committee can not do

it; it is simply up to the strong, intelli-

gent, honest people who make up our

membership. Surely it is not too much

to ask. Indeed, we should not be content

with less in the way of progress.





 





Now, just a few suggestions as to how

this thing can be done. As to the matter

of new Granges, do not wait for your

county deputy to find the place where a

new Grange can be organized, but go to

your deputy, or write to him, and suggest

places where farmers should organize.

Such knowledge will be welcomed by him

and, after you have told him, do not let

him forget. The pay of the county dep-

uty is not large, and his work comes

along so irregularly that he is often

tempted to put it off for a more conven-

ient season. The Pomona, too, can help

in this work. The extension of the order

should receive attention at each meeting.

The county deputy should be at every

meeting of the Pomona unless detained

for very good reasons, and he should ask

and receive the hearty co-operation of the

members in his work of organization and

supervision. The deputy who has no time

for the Pomona, and who neglects his

own Grange, without excellent reasons, is

in the wrong place and should pass his

commission on to someone Who has the

interest of the order more at heart.



It may not be possible to organize a

new Grunge in every‘ county, but it is

much more nearly possible than it would

seem at first thought. There are many

counties where several Granges Could be

gotten, and if we all do our duty we can

realize our purpose in a large’way by the

end of the present year.



To add ten members to each subordi-

nate Grange should be possible. If it is

to be done, however, there is some good

work for the subordinate Grange to do.

I believe there are a thousand people who

would send their names to the several

Granges of the state, at the next meet-

ing, if they could be shown that they

were going to get their pay for the time

and effort essential to membership. This

may sound a little strong but the fact

of the matter is that the best way in the

world for a Grange to get new members

is by doing such good work along all lines

that people generally realize that to be-

long to that Grange is a privilege and not

simply a duty which a few people per-

form because they seem to feel that they

must.



And I-‘what do I mean by good work? -I

mean activity along all Grange lines. To

begin with, there is our co—operative work.

Few Granges in Michigan are doing what

they might in this line. Every Grange

that neglects these opportunities 'is losing

money. If we used the trade contracts as

much as We should we should not only

save money, but we ‘should reap advan-

tages in business experience that are well

worth considering. But perhaps the great-





est benefit derived, aside from the direct]

profits from the bUSiness done, would be

the habit of working together. I say

habit, because it would become such af-

ter a time, and the neighborhood is truly

fortunate whose inhabitants have come to

know how many things they can do in

common much better than they can do.

them as individuals.



Co-opcrative buying and selling, fire,

cyclone and life insurance should be kept

constantly in mind and should receive our

generous support. Doubtless we have

much to‘learn about business co-opera-

tion, but We shall learn faster, and our

knowledge will be many times more prac-

tical, if we continually live up to our

knowledge.



So much has been said about the neo-

essity of a good program at every meet-

ing that I despair of writing anything

new. Here, again, if we are to realize

our purpose, we who compose the rank

and file must do our part. We enjoy pro-

grams, and we have need of them for

many reasons. No Grange meeting need

pass without much that is good in the

lecturer’s hour if we do our duty, and

someone in our community, who is out of

the order. will join if he or she be as-

sured that this program will be forth-

coming.



People come into the Grange for various

reasons. Some join for advantages in co-

operative buying, some for insurance,

some for better legislation, some for the

privileges of the lecturer’s hour, and yet

others for social uplift. if our Grange

has lived up to its privilege they were all

wise in joining, for all this, and yet more,

is possible in our order. Yes, we could

add ten members and more to most of

the Granges in Michigan if we- would

simply live up to our privilege as “Good

and faithful Patrons of Husbandry.”



Shall we have that program at each

meeting? Let us early talk over the

matter with our lecturer and plan for it.

Let us amend each meeting and do our

part toward making it a fact. We can

do it if we will, and it will be good for

all of us.



And we want that live Pomona in every

county. it is the business of the Pomona.

officers and members to make the organ-

ization a power for good in the county.

The Pomona should help the weak

subordinates; it should afford social

advantages to many farmers through

its meetings held at stated periods-z

it _should have good programs at

these meetings, and all who hear as well

as all who take part should be stronger

and better because of participation. The

Pomona, however, should be more than a

social or a literary organization. It should

gather up, carry forward. and deliver

with emphasis the best work of the sub-

ordinate Granges of the county. it should

be a mouldcr of strong, healthful public

opinion, and it should so forcefully ex—

press that opinion that the epression of

it will bear fruit. Every board of super-

visors, cvcry county official, every mem-

ber of either house of the legislature and

every representative in Congress, should

know that your county and mine has a

I“0il’ltll:l Grange, and that that organiza-





tion stands for all that is best in human

life and progrtss. “’iih a Pomona which

is truly alive in every county, the ques-





tion will be less often asked. “\Vlly should

I join the Grange?“



All in all, Master lx'ctcham has set our

mark high. I have said our mark. be-

cause the work is ours to do. Patrons.

let us work hard and earnestly to realize

this splendid purpose for 1913.



W. F. TAYLOR.





 





Resort Grange, of Emmet county, is

very much alive and holding some excel—

lent programs this winter. At a recent

meeting it had the new parcels post ex-

plained by a member who proved to be

thoroughly informed on the subject and

satisfactorily answered the numerous

questions which came up. At the same

meeting a clear and concise talk on the

value of a knowledge of music was a

prominent and pleasing feature. At a.

later meeting the construction of the var-

ious kinds of silos was made the para-

mount topic, and at its second meeting

of this month it will endeavor to take up

the good roads question from every angle

as the farmers of the township will be

called upon to vote on the road question

the coming spring.





 





 





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomona Meetings,





Shiawassee Co., with Durand Grange,

Tuesday, Feb. 11. Frederick Newcombe.

Professor of Botany at University of

Michigan, will speak on “Sun and Soil,

and Farmers' Crops.”



Charlevoix 00., with Maple

Grange, Thursday, Feb. 20.



Ingham Co., with Cedar Grange, Sat-

urday, Feb. 22. Patriotic program.

Fgengfee 00., with Flint Grange, Friday,

e . . ‘





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