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'The Only Weekly Agricultural, HOrticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

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PUBLISH

 

 

   
 
 
   

 

 

VOL.

Who

CXL. No. 12. i
lc Number 3635.

DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, MARCH 22,1913.

50 CENTS A YEAR.
52 FOR 5 YEARS.

 

 

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TILL AGE.——By CHARLES HENRY SPURWAY.

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Y OU ask me why we till the soil,

You ask what need to strive and toil,

To make old earth give up her yield
To reap returns from every field.

Perhaps you think it’s just by chance
That crops grow, and we can’t enhance
Their growing by some special art
Or means by which to help to start,
The seeds that on the ground we sow,
Which grow to crops for us to mow;
Or help the seedlings on their way,
And give them food from day to day,

/ So they can grow and give us grain
For us to sow and reap again.
Perhaps you think it does no good
To plow the ground well if we could;
To harrow well, and firm the earth,
And gather moisture for the birth,
That must take place before the rye,
Can send its masts toward the sky; i
Before the wheat can come to head,
And. give to us our hard-earned bread;
Before the com, the king of all,
Can grow so straight, and slim, and tall.
So if you will but listen now,
I’ll tell you why we hold the plow;
I’ll tell you why we turn the sod,
And harrow well to crush the clod;
I'll tell you why we roll the field.
And how we may increase the yield
By cultivating well the soil
To reach the end for which we toil.

Now if we plow the soil in fall,

Which often is the best of all,

Well make a mulch which will retain
More water for next season 5 grain;

For melting snows and winter rains,
Which otherwise would find the drains.
Or be transported far away,

Would be entrappediand there would stay.
If in the fall we plow our land,

Then Old Jack Frost will lend a hand;
He’ll loosen well‘the hardened clay.
And keep it so for many a day.

The freezing also breaks down rocks,
And in so doing it unlocks

Some plant food, which the growing grain
Will soon convert to golden gain.

In the spring when winter 5 0 er,

When we think of crops once more,
Then there will be less work for all

To do, if plowing's done in fall;
Many insects too are slain,

Which would destroy the growing grain.

F all plowing is not always best.
A sandy soil had better rest
Undisturbed throughout the fall,
Than be dispersed by every squall
Of wind, that may then blow across
The field, and cause a greater loss
Or ‘elements'which should be kept
Upon the field, instead of swept

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Away by every gust of wind

And leave but barrenness behind.
When plowed in fall, and soil-lies bare,
Without a thought, much less a care.
The beating rains and water rills

Will sweep away the sandy hills;

And leave them quite devoid of power,

To furnish food at the needed hour,

To struggling plants, that in their need,

Of strength sufficient can not heed,
Or satisfy, through constant strife,
The purpose of their better life.

And in the spring as in the fall,
Plow early if you rp'low at all;

This saves the water which is there,
From being dispersed into the air

By suc‘king wind, or drying sun,
Which takes o’f water by the ton.
Early plowing warms the bed

For little seeds, which soon are spread,
Upon the ground and tucked away,
Like little children tired of play

Are cuddled snugly in at night,

But waken with the morning light.
Spring plowing loosens up the ground,
And very soon nitrates are found;

For then the soil admits the air,

And little germs can get their share
Of air and heat, and right away
Will start the process of decay,
Which liberates food for the needs
Of growing plants as well as seeds.
The time to plow is also set,

Not too dry, nor yet too wet;

And if our fields are made of clay,
We'll need to watch them every day;
And when the moisture gets just rig' t,
So that the soil will turn up light,
Disc or harrow that soil now,

And we will have more time to plow.
If plowed too dry, or plowed too wet,
The little grains of soil will set
Together and form lumps of clay,
That will not crush for many a day.
Loose open soil needs much less care,
It easily admits the air;

And plows up fine and mellow too,
Which leaves the farmer less to do
Of cultivating. and we 'know

Is the best place for crops to grow.

After plowing in the spring,

The harrow then the lumps will bring
To smaller size. The planker too,
Has an important work to do;

It smooths the surface, crushes clods.
Packs the soil, and brea'ks up sods.
Perhaps the roller also shares

With other implements their cares,
And all together used with brains
Can fit the soil for greater gains

In yield of crops, because the bed,

. Do not the surface rolled leave;

[This will evaporation stop.

‘ Stirring the soil gives other needs,

:5:

For little seeds is rightly spread;
Loose above, but firm below,

Before the seeds therein we sow;

This gives the seed a better start,

And helps it more to play its part
In Nature’s play, and also give

Us sustenance that we may live.

The heavy roller firms the ground

As the massive wheel is drawn around;
The clods are crushed, the water flows
To where the little seedling grows;
The soil is warmed by shining sun,
Because the soil grains one by one \
Are pressed together till they meet,
And in this way conduct the heat,
Beneath the surface to the seed,

To greatly satisfy its need

Of energy which gives it life,

To carry on its endless strife.

And if success you would achieve,

But harrow soon, and spare not toil,
To save the water to the soil.

In cultivating well we must
Keep,on the soil a mulch of dust;

And save the water for the crop;
Dry and loose, not very deep,

Is the best mulch for us to keep;
And after each long, heavy rain,
The soil must be worked up again.

It loosens food, and kills the weeds;
And other things we do not know,
About the soil, and how plan-ts grow,
And how they feed, and in what way,
They take on weight from day to day. :‘T‘:
All these are things which must be known,
And every year they will be shown;

Unto the man who will but look,

Old Nature opens like a book.

And are they not worth all the time,
That’s spent' to learn them? Every line
We read, and every little act .3

Can ought but teach a worthy fact.

 

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So tillage ls the farmer 5 hope,

And every valley, crest and slope
Must bear witness to the skill,

With which they all are made to fill

Their purpose, and yield clothes and bread,

 

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So that the world 13 warmed and fed.
And the farmer s task 15 not so light,
To do things well, and do them right
Requires strong arms and willing hands;
A broad, keen mind that understands,
The part in Nature to be played;

The forces which must needs be stayed;
The time to act, and when to wait;
Not too early, not too late;

Not too slow, not too fast; 7

But hopeful, cheerful, to the last,
Seeking knowledge where she hides,
Seeking truth where truth abides.

Iii!

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362-—2 ‘

_-

TH EV-MicnioA N 'FA~_R'M E R

The Shade Tree Problem.

HEN I purchased this farm three

Rx, years ago: there were hundreds

of shade trees, principally black
oak, scatteredtover the fields and many
along the line fences. They were left by
_the owner supposedly for shade and
wind breaks. But when I came to figure
up the annual loss and expense these
unnecessary trees entailed, I decided, to
rid the farm of them, and have already
made nearly a clean sweep of them all.
Michigan being a timbered country and
all the inhabitants being used to the
forests, it no doubt seems very unnatural
to see a bare field, without a few trees
dotting the surface here and there. But
no One realizes the actual damage and
expense that too many shade trees are
upon a good productive farm. No mat-
ter whether a tree is standing in the
center of a cultivated field or along the
line fence, lt saps the land of its mois-
ture and fertility for rods around and a
good sized tree will damage nearly a
qarter of an acre of land that would pro-
dce many bushels of profitable grain for
the farmer each year, to say nothing
about the extra time and labor it re—
quiles to get around such trees with
machinery, especially a check row
planter.

By getting rid of the trees on this
farm I am sure I have saved 10 acres
at least of good productive soil, which
means a net profit of $100 per acre. It
came to me not long ago that “I ought
to be prosecuted for ridding the farm of
the beautiful shade trees that were left
here by the former owner.” In answer
to this criticism I wish to say that I am
not able to own a farm just for a “park."
I am farming for the “cash" there is in
the business.

Shade Trees All Right in their Place.

Of course, shade trees are all right in
their place. IYe have a beautiful hard
maple grove of hourly 100 fine trees in
the yard and on the west side of the
residence, which help to break the pre-
vailing wind from the west. These shade
trees are of great value to the farm and
are prized very highly, as they are where
they should be and not scattered over
the fields.

Of ocursc, a grove of shade trees back
in some unproductive field that is gen-
erally utilized for pasture. is all right,
but not so in a level cultivated field.
\Vhen it comes to shade for stock the
trees are an expensive nuisance. The
stock will hang around them a good share
of the time, depositing all the fertility
where it does no good whatever.

Artificial Shade for Stock.

The very best and most profitable way
to make shade for stock, if they are
grazing in a field that we devote to
crops, is to construct a temporary cover
out in the field on a knoll or some place

where the land is not as productive as“word5,

it should be. This shed or cover can be
made quickly and cheaply by setting a
few posts and nailing to them plates to
support, rails, and on top apply a
thin coat of straw or marsh hay. I did
this on my form in Kent county for a.
flock of 130 owos. \Vhen I plowed up this
field I had several acres of very fertile
land that was not previously as good as
other portions of the field. It did not
require more than one day in time to
make this shade. and remove it, yet it
was a great value to the sheep and much
more so than shade trees for the fact
it was dark under the low shed and it
kept the gudilic: from bothering the
flock, which many times proves serious
when they have no dark shelter to pro-
tect them.
Little Savings a Factor in Success.

If a farmer chr expects to pay olf his
indebtedness he must figure all these lit-
tle details that save his dollars as they
all count up each year. The, unnecessary
shade trees are coding the farmers in
Michigan millions each year. yet they do
not realize this. But when you come to
count up one to ten acres in every farm
of gOOd productive soil that is shaded
and sapped by the roots of trees you
will see what it amonts to.

The Woodlot.

It is very convenient and also useful
to haVe a good—sizeduwoodlot to fall
back on, yet it is very expensive never-
theless if it stands on good level, produc-
tive soil. When I came here there was
about 60 acres of second growth oak and
hickory. I am cutting this off down to
about 20 acres, and I find it has been a
profitable effort on my part. The inter-

est on what the timber will bring is
around $100 per year, and in addition to
this saving. I will have 30 acres of as

fine pasture land as can be found.- which
I figure is worth around $200 annually
for my stock. This being new land it
produces double the pasture that old soil
does. Now this $300 would heat my
house, barn and almost the back yard,
with no extra expense except hauling the
coal from town. However, in case the
coal should advance so high in price that
we could not afford to use it, it is very
agreeable to have a nce little woodlot to
fall back upon.

W'ashteuaw Co. B. F. WASHBURNE'.

 

BOOK-KEEPING SUGGESTIONS FOR
THE FARMER.

 

Perhaps it is not as necessary for the
farmer to keep a book account of his
business, as for _the merchant. banker
and other men conducting business on an
accounting basis. As we know, nearly
every business with the exception of
farming, is today conducted with a strict
and accurate book account of each day’s
businesa transactions, and these books
can therefore be relied upon giving at a
glance, the exact state of affairs at the
end of the day. week, month or year,
revealing the strong points‘as well as
the weaker ones and giving the manager
of such business the opportunity of each
year either eliminating entirely or forti-
fying these weaker or unprofitable parts,
thus building up a business as strong and
profitable as possible under the circum-
stances. ,

Now as to the farmer’s necessity for
accounts, as far as the actual money
paid out and actual money resulting from
the sale of live stock and different crops
is concerned, perhaps at the end of a
year the farmer can and does get a fair-
ly accurate result of his year’s labors by
depending entirely upon his memory for
his data, and there is no necessity of
bothering with keeping such accounts,
but this only far men upon small farms
and possessed of good memories.
Farming on a -Large Scale Makes Ac-

counting Necessary.

There is no doubt of a farmer needing
to regort to book-keeping who is con-
ducting the 200 or 300 acre farm and em—
ploying several men. and especially if the
farm is a stock or dairy farm. In order
to run this farm with the success one
should expect from it and derive all the
profit possible, the farmer must know
exactly where he stands at all times. and
can therefore strengthen his weak points,
pointed out by his books, as does his city
business friend. Or, if he finds himself
running a losing business in spite of all
he can do, he can dispose of his business
at once because he knows the exact re-
sult of each of his efforts and does not
stumble on for years trying to guess
where his methods are wrong. In other
knowing he is guessing wrong,
but depending upon guessing until he
hits the right guess. So much for the
farmer of this type.

Now the majority Of farms consist of
from 60 to 100 or 150 acres of land. and
the necessity of the owner of these farms
keeping books is probably not absolute
and he can depend upon his memory for
his book-keeper, as far as mere money
transactions are concerned. But there
are a few things that few. if any. farm-
ers observe, and if they were more care-
ful in observing, by having a book to
which to turn, it would put hundreds of
exta dollars into their pockets every
year, although perhaps it would not be
truly termed hock—keeying.

A Record of Needed Knowledge.

One is the neglect to save valuable

recipes, found in almost any of our farm,

papers today and especially in the vet-
erinary department of the Michigan
Farmer, for reference in the case of ac-
cident. sickness or disease of the ani-
mals of our every—day farm. Such mis-
fortunes occur upon cvcry farm at very
frequent intervals and with animals of
great value. as well as those of lesser
worth, and in a majority of cases a
knowledge derived from the study of some
Other man's mistfortune in your farm
paper and the treatment given therein—
would have saved an animal of great val-
ue, if only until your veterinary arrived,
if such be necessary.

In many cases these are very simple
matters if understood and usually require
very simple remedies. generally articles
kept upon nearly every family’s medi-
cine shelf.

Again, the experiments of the agricul-
tural colleges given by your farm paper
as well as other farmerS’ experiences and
advice asked for through the paper that

    

 

can be relied upon, will oftentimes fur-
nish money-saving ideas and be some-
thing the reader eSpecially will desire to
knew about plans he intends carrying
out in the future. But in nine cases out
of ten if he doesn’t clip them out or copy
them in his book he will have forgotten
by the time or at the time he most needs
to know them.

Once the practice started of keeping
tab of things of importance we find in
the farm paper it is surprising how many
things of value, sometimes almost neces-
ary knowledge, the farmer will find in
every paper and how often he will refer
to his book. For instance, supposing the
farmer, contemplates laying a tile drain,
his first, and, of course, is ignorant of
the methods proper for him to follow to
secure the best results, he will, without
doubt appreciate the methods and ex-
periences of others found in his paper,
taking it for granted he takes one, and
by jotting down the details applying to
his drain he has, when ready, but to go
ahead with his work. cofident that he
will secure the results he desires.

Again, the results of different applica-
tiOns of fertilizing agents to certain kinds
of land for certain crops may be the ex-
act thing we will want to use later on,
but which we would probably forget as
to amounts. etc., if not saved for future
reference at the time.

,For another example, many farmers in
this section during last spring, trimmed
and sprayed large orchards, getting their
methods solely from their fruit and farm
papers and most of them with the best
of results.

But the main trouble is the neglecting
of farmers to keep tab of things they
will want to know later on and when
the knowledge would become most bene-
ficial they are at a loss to remember the
facts and have to either wait for infor-
maton or suffer the loss of animals or
crops, as the case may be.

Therefore, with the exception of the
large farm, the book kept with these
ideas in view will probably prove of
more value to the farmer than would
one kept for the purpose of having at
the end of the year, the amount paid out
as farm expenses and the amount brought
in by the farm, facts that most farmers
can figure out pretty accurately by a few
minutes' work with the lead pencil at
the end of the year.

Macomb Co. B. D. SMITH.

SEEDING ALFALFA IN OATS.

I have been very much interested in
the many different articles in the Mich-
igan Farmer, the best of all farm pa-
pers, but more especially have I been
interested in the culture of alfalfa. G.
A. S. asks whether it is advisable to seed
alfalfa with oats. Now I will say for the
benefit of the inquirer that last spring I
had a seven-acre lot that I was intend-
ing to seed to clover, clover in oats. This
ground, the year before, was planted to
corn and 12 or 14 loads of manure to the
acre was put on the field. This ground
was kept well worked and I husked 90
bushels of ears per acre. This land is a.
limestone soil and is a very rough, ugly
piece of land to handle. It is filled with
stone, all the way from the size of a
marble t0 the size of a half-bushel
measure. Some places the stone are so
thick that one can scarcely get soil
enough to cover a hill of corn. To get
such a piece of ground in condition to
seed means a great deal of hard work.
\Ve plowed this field just as early in the
spring as we could get on it and let it
lay a few days, then I put two teams on
it with disc and harrow and we disced
and harrowed it till we got an ideal seed-
bed. As I said, I had intended to seed
with clover, but as clover seed was so
high in price that it made me- shudder,
and as alfalfa was some $2 less last
spring, and I had read many articles in
your valuable paper that limestone land
was very much adapted to the raising of
alfalfa, I concluded to get some alfalfa
and try the experiment at any rate. AS
to how many oats to put on to the acre
I could hardly make up my mind. One
bushel or even one and a half bushels,
seemed too little, as I was afraid there
would be too much chance for weeds, so
I concluded to put on two bushels of oats
to the acre.

As the second week in April happened
to be an ideal time to sow, on Tuesday
morning I set my grain drill f0r two
bushels of cats and 16 lbs. of alfalfa and
200 lbs. of commercial fertilizer to the
acre, and seeded the field. The weather
was ideal for germinating the seed and,
‘to my surprise. in four days the seed was
coming up, strong and thrifty, and grew

 

   

 

“ _ MARCH 22, 1913.

I
very fast till it: the middle of May we
had quite a, dry spell, when it seemed to
almost stand still for a. few days. But
the rains came in a few days and started
it up again.

About the middle of the third week‘
from sowing, I put the roller on and roll-
ed it. I forgot to say that before I har-
rowed the ground we hauled off most of
the larger stone. The reason I did not
roll right after seeding is that, should
there happen to come a heavy rain be-
fore the seed came up on this land, the
heavy rain or continuous heavy rains
would be apt to form a hard crust over
the seed and some of it would never get
through the crust and besides, the stone
are so very thick that rolling when first
seeded would push some of the seed so
far down that it never would get through.

The alfalfa grew nicely, considering
the fertility of the soil, and when I cut
my oats an, if I remember rightly, the
26th of July, the alfalfa stood about six
inches high. I threshed 52 bushels of
nice, clean. white oats per acre. I felt
that was much better than a thump on
the head with a stone.

To be sure this plan might not work
that way every season. but I think I
Would seed with oats in preference to
seeding alone. The alfalfa grew nicely
all the fall and when it went into winter
it was as nice a meadow as I ever had
but how it will come out next spring re—
mains to be seen. I am a little afraid,
but hope for the best.

Monroe Co. J. M. TUTTLE.

ALFALFA IN HILLSDALE COUNTY.

 

 

A few years ago residents in this sec-
tion had never seen a field of alfalfa un-
less they had visited the west. But to-
day the man who wishes to see growing
alfalfa need not go outside his own town-
ship, and _in many cases he can find it
in his own neighborhood.

In attempting to explain the introduc-
tion and growing importance of the al-
falfa crop in this locality, perhaps the
most important factor is the failure, in
recent yearS, of the clover crop. Farmers
may be found in plenty, in this section.
who have paid out hundreds of dollars
for clover seed without getting a good
stand of clover. The unprecedented high
prices paid for the seed, coupled with the
unfavorableness of the Seasons, have
made the clover crop about as discour-
aging a proposition as any with which
the farmer has been called upon to face.
The fact that the failure of the clover
not only means scarcity of hay but the

eliminatiOn 0f one of the methods of en— _

riching the land, has added to the per-
plexity of the problem.

In seeking to find a remedy for the
difficulty, many farmers have tried al~
falfa, with varying success. A few have
abandoned the scheme as a failure; but
by far the greater number have proved
that the crop can be grown with profit.
The high nutritive value of the alfalfa
makes it a paying crop, even when the
yield is not heavy, and the fact that it
can be out three times during the season
forms an important factOr in its favor.
Those who feed both alfalfa and ensilage
say that milch cows will do well on these
without other feeds.

Although the growing of alfalfa has
increased greatly, in recent years, it is
still a question whether or not it will
ever be grown in this locality by farm-
ers generally. So far most of those who
have grown alfalfa are men who have
an abundance of land. The smaller farm—
ers who own from 40 to 80 or 100 acres.
are inclined to steer clear of the alfalfa
preposition, on the ground that it would
interfere with crop rotation and drive
them to planting the same crop in the
same field in successive years. The fact
that alfalfa is produced the first time,
with some difficulty and expense, and
that it does not pay to plow a field while
it is yielding well, helps to strengthen the
contention of the smaller farmers. But
however this may be, it seems certain
that the growing of alfalfa will be a.
permanent practice, henceforth, in this
locality. Some who have grown the crop
successfully, are enthusiastic, and would
not think of abandoning the project. Suc-
cessive failures of clover such as oc—
curred recently, would doubtless increase
the growing of alfalfa in this section, by
many hundreds of acres.

Hillsdale Co. J. A. Kiusmn.

Flooded with Letters.

B. B. Reavey, Akron, Mich., who has
been advertising Holstein cows, writes:
“Although the time is not up, I would
like to have my advertisement discon-
tinued as I am‘ all sold out and flooded
with letters.”

 
 

 

 

.m‘.‘ at a

 

 

 

 


  

 

 

 

 

 

 

MARCH 22, 191-3.

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

Inoculating Soil for Alfalfa.

 

N the Michigan Farmer of September
I 21. A. D. M., of Ingham county, says
that he may be wrong, but he laughs at
the idea of inoculation.

Well, Six years ago I thought that in-
oculation would be all right for those
kid glove farmers that live in the city
and had plenty of money to hire all their
work done with, but that us regular
farmers that had to make our living from
our farms had no time or money to spend
so foolishly. So I sowed five acres with-
out inoculating the soil and have since
found out at a cost of several tons of
hay that I did not, know nearly as much
as I thought I did and am Willing to
confess it, if it will keep some other
farmer from making the same mistake.
A. D, M. says “he has a neighbor who
has started three different fields with
alfalfa and he never inoculated." Well.
I know of one or two successful fields of
alfalfa that were started without inoeula-
tion, but they were heavily manured
three times in four years before they
were sown and I am confident that those
fields would have been much better if
they had been inoculated and I know of
several fields that were not successful
because they were not inoculated.

Thirty Tons of Manure Per Acre.

I have a cement floor and an eight-
inch gutter in my cow stable, so that I
save all the liquid manure which is worth
more, pound for pound, than the solid
excrement, and have the model cow stall,
so that bedding cannot get into the ma.-

 

 

Grand Champion Ten-ear Entry at 1913 National Corn Show.

nure unless I put in too much and the
cows cannot get soiled with the manure.
I have kept my cows in these stalls near-
ly all the time, night and day, for four
months and they are as clean as they
are in the summer time. I clean out my
stable three or four times a week and
spread the manure in the field and last
winter I covered two acres of cornstubble
with this kind of manure, putting on
more than 30 tons per acre, but leaving
two small plots without manure for an
experiment.
Quality of Manure Important.

One day when I was spreading a load
near the road, a neighbor who is quite a
successful farmer came along and asked
me if I knew what I was doing. I told
him I was preparing to sow alfalfa in
the spring, with peas for the canning
factory. Then he said, “I will tell you
what you are doing, for I did the same
thing myself. In the first place, as soon
as the spring rains come the best part of
that manure will be washed off into the
swamp and then when you plow under
such a thick coat of manure as soon as
it comes dry weather the Visurface soil
will dry out above the manure and you
will lose all your seedit-g.” I told him
it would probably do that way if I had
manure that was full of straw like most
of the manure generally is, but this is
“different,” and as soon as it thaws up
in the spring I shall disk it thoroughly,
so that it will be well mixe‘d..with the
soil and can neither wash away or dry
out. My soil is a sandy loam and I can
work it soon after it thaws out.

An Interesting Plot Experiment.

This two acres I divided into six plots
and used different methods and different
amounts of soil for inoculation, but sow-
ed it all with 16 pounds of alfalfa seed
and three bushels of peas per acre, sow-
ing the third day of May. On plot one
I sowed at the rate of two tons of soil
per acre, discing it in with the manure
the fore part of April, taking pains to
do this work of inoculating on a foggy

or rainy day, inoculating only about one
fourth of an acre at a time and discing
it in immediately. I then plowed the
whole field about the 15th of April and
the result is I have the best stand of
alfalfa on this plot that I ever saw in
this part of the state. When I clipped
it the 10th of September the alfalfa was
16 to 18 inches high. I believe that this
is the best possible way you can inocu-
late the soil, for in this way the bacteria
is mixed with the manure which seems to
be the food they thrive upon.

On plot No. 2 I did not put any ma-
nure, but inoculated it at the rate of
five tons of ,soil per acre. and when I
clipped it it stood as thick on the ground
as it was on plot one but the plants were
about four inches shorter.

On plot No, 3 I sowed one—half ton of
inoculated soil per acre after it was plow-
ed and the day before I sowed the seed.
This was done on a day when the sun
shone most of the time but I was care-
ful not to sow a strip more than 25 or 30
feet wide before harrowing it in. Al-
though the alfalfa looked as good the
third of July when I cut the peas as it
did on any other part of the field, yet
when I clipped it there was not more
than one-half as many plants per yard
and not more than one-sixth of them
looked as though they were inoculated,
but I think the bacteria will spread so
as to inoculate all there is left.

On plot No. 4 I did exactly as I did on
plot No. 3, except that I sowed one ton

and I could-draw and spread a load in':

one hour, or the eight loads that I put
on plot No, 1, in eight hours, which at
20 cents an hour is $1.60, while it took
three hours to draw the two loads that
I put on plot No. 3, as I had to go over
so much more ground with each load.
Three hours at 20 cents an hour is 60
cents. Thus it cost only $1 per acre
more to inoculate plot No. 1 than it did
polt No. 3, and the clippings on plot No.
1 weighed one ton per acre, one-half of
Which was good hay. which at $16 per
ion is $8, while the clippings on plot No.
3 weighed 1,500 pounds, but they were
nearly all weeds and not worth drawing
into the barn. But I had to rake them
up and draw them, as I did not want to
leave so much trash on the ground. Now
I have already got $8 worth of hay from
plot No, 1, which is pretty good pay for
one dollar’s worth of extra work, and I
confidently expect to get four or five tons
more hay in the next five years from
plot NO. 1 than I will from plot N0. 3
which, at $15 per ton, will be $60 or $75
worth of hay from one dollar‘s worth of
extra work. ‘

But I shall not have any guesswork
about it as I have a set of hay scales
in my barn floor, and I will weigh the
hay frOm each plot separately for my own
benefit, and will report results in' the
Michigan Farmer and will suggest that
if any of the readers are ‘interested in
this, that they save this article so they
will have it to compare with my report.

Kiiii the June Grass.

\Vhen you. have got a good stand of
alfalfa, the worst thing it has to contend
with is June grass, so great care should

 

 

of soil per acre, but there are five times
as many inoculated plants per yard as
there are one plot No. 3, showing that
the more inoculated soil you use the
better the results.

Plot No. 5 was manure the same as
plot No. 4 but was not inoculated and
there are not more than one-fifth as many
plants per yard on it as there are on
plot No, 4 and they are nearly all of
them small. ‘

On plot No. 3 I sowed a strip with soil
the same as the rest of the plot and left
it an hour or two to go to dinner bcfore
I harrowed it in and that is no better
than plot No. 5, showing conclusively
that if the soil is exposed to the sun af-
ter it has been sown, even for a short
time, it will destroy the bacteria so that
it will do but very little good. and I
think that the reason for many of the
failures is because the inoculated soil
Weds left exposed to the sun too long be-
fore it was covered.

Plot No. 6 was not manured or inocu-
lated, and although the plants came up
all right they never grew to be more
than three or four inches high and not
more than 10 per cent of them are alive
at this time. I will probably plow it up
this Spring.

The Depth of Inoculation.

Some people have an idea that the in-
oculated soil should be near the surface
so that the alfalfa roots can get into it
as soon as they start, but I think this
idea is wrong, for if the soil is rich it
don’t seem to make any difference with
the plants until they are six or eight
inches high whether the soil has been
inoculated or not, and by that time the
roots have gone down deeper than you
can plow so they will get the full benefit
of the inoculation if it is plowed under
six .or eight inches deep.

The Cost of Inoculation.

Now as to the cost of inoculation. I
did not have to haul my soil but a few
rods and I have a one-horse sled that I
hauled it on that would hold 500 pounds

 

 

Reid's Yellow Dent. Shown by Charles Short, of Indiana.

be taken to kill it all out before seeding,
but in most localities the June grass
will get'in, in spite of all you can do.
But a good top-dressmg of manure every
two or three years will help the alfalfa
to keep ahead of it.

In most cases the people who have
made a failure of growing alfalfa have
not paid much attention to studying the
needs of the plant, but have sowed it
about as they do the common red clover,
but if you want to make a success of it
you must get your land in the best pos-
sible condition and when you inoculate
don't go at it in a half—hearted way as
though you did not bclieve it would do
much good anyway, but go at it as
though you were sure you were going to
get $500 for every hour that you spend
in doing it. and if you will attend to all
the details. as I did with plot No. .1, you
will win out. I would not let any man
have the extra amount of hay that 1 will
get from plot No. 1 more than 1 will get
from plot No, 3 for the next five years if
he would pay me $5.00 per hour for the
eight hours I spent in inoculating plot
No. 1.

If any of the readers of this article are
still skeptical about the benefits of in-
oculation l should be pleased to have
them call between May 15 and June 15
and see my field.

Oceana Co. H. K. BRANCH.

CORN ROOTS.

 

I saw in The Farmer a short time ago,
that W. M. K. puts corn in the shallow
root class, and I object, for this reason:
In August, 1911, While digging to bury a
yearling, which had to be killed on ac-
count of a broken leg, I found corn roots
3. good three feet: deep. The ground was
so dry that it crumbled away from the
roots without breaking them, for it was
on sand, where the corn, which was good
size, had been cut to feed because of
short pasture.

Berrien Co. F. E. DOANE.

 

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What DEEP TILLERS Say:

Paulding. O. Oct. 1'7. 1912.
In regard to deep plowing and
shallow plowing. the difference
runs from three to six tons {beets}
per acre in favor of the deep
plowing.
I consider we have made $15 per
acre by plowing deep. D. TUCKER.

break them down.

we wanted to do.

 

Jackson. Mich. Oct. 30. 1912.

Along the fence on one side of a

field was a growth of brush briars.
sassafras. poplar and willow.

I used three horses and cut a
furrow 10 inches wide and from 14
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th rough.

began to have difiiculty in getting
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the way the team was going. Some
were so large it gave two of us all
After this the
horses were not bothered much.

I am not afraid now to tackle
any piece of ground with the
Spalding that I can drive thehorses
R. M. ALLEN.

THE HARTMAN STOCK FARM.
Columbus. 0. Jan. 18, 1912.
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which trowels the bottom of the
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I bent them

THE SPALDING DEEP TILLING MACHINE

Spalding Dept. 65. GALE MFG. CO.. Albion. Mich.

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FARM NOTES.
Alfalfa QueStlons.

I have 12 acres plowed last fall. Want
to summer fallow it until July, then seed
to alfalfa. I want to top-dress it with
manure spread with horse spreader and
I want to put on some lime. Will it
be all right to put the lime in with the
manure, and spread it with the spreader.
then drag it in manure, lime and all? I
thought. I would fill the spreader half full,
then put in the lime and put manure on
top of lime so it wouldn’t blow away.
What kind of lime would you advise us-
ing, the rock lime or the hydrated, or
caustic lime. and how much per acre?
Which kind would be the cheapest and
the best? Where would you get the al-
falfa Seed, and would you treat the
seed? Also, how many pounds of seed
will it take per acre, and when you sow
it would you sow it the same as the red
clover, broadcast, then drag it in with
spike-tooth barrow?

Montcalm Co. A. M.

It w0uld be all right to mix the lime
with the manure and apply with the ma-
nure spreader as .suggested, provided
ground limestone is used. If caustic lime
is used there would be some losg of plant
food through this method of applying as
the lime would liberate some of the
nitrogen in the manure and it would be
lost in the for mof ammonia gas. But
if ground limestone, which is a bar-
bonate of lime, is applied there would be
no such loss. Also. the ground lime-
stone can better be applied in this man—
ner as more is required per acre to pro-
duce the desired effect of correcting oil
acidity. \Vhere ground limestone is used
it is best to make a liberal application,
as better and more lasting results will be
secured. Probably not less than two
tons per acre should be used and some
uSe much more than that. If caustic
lime is used not more than half that
amount should be used. There is little
difference in the cost. That is. the cans-
tic lime will cost about twice as much
per ton, but the per acre cost will be
about the same.

You should secure northern grown al-
falfa seed if possible. This can be se-
cured from almost) any reliable seed
dealer and care should be taken that it
is pure and free from foul weak seeds.
As to the amount required per acre, it
is the writer’s opinion that eight or ten
pounds per acre is sulficient, although in
earlier experiments at least twice that
much was sown. If sown on a well pre—
pared seed bed it can be sown broadcast
and narrowed in or put in shallow with
a disc drill, as preferred.

Cow Peas as a Crop for Green Manure.

\Vill you please inform me if cow
peas have much value as a fertilizer?
lVould cow peas plowed under fit a piece
of sandy loam ground for alfalfa? Can
seed be treated with liquid so it will in-

 

oculate the ground? If so, where can
this liquid be gotten?
Wexford Co. SUBSCRIBER.

A good crop of cow peas plowed down
would be beneficial for the soil for al-
falfa or any other crop. The effect
would be very similar to the plowing
down of a good growth of clover. The
seed of cow peas can be inoculated with
a pure culture the same as alfalfa seed
or the seed of any other legume. These
cultures are now manufactured to 3. lim-
ited extent by commercial houses, or
amounts sufficient for experimental pur-
poses can be secured from the Bacterio-
logical Department of the Agricultural
College, East Lansing.

Seeding Alfalfa.

I wish to ask a few queStions in regard
to sowing alfalfa. I wish to sowa small
field this spring and. as I have not the
barnyard manure to fertilize the ground,
what kind and how much commercial
fertilizer should I use to the acre? How
much lime should I sow to the acre and
what time in the season should the clo—
ver be sown? Will the first of June d0?

Kalamazoo Co. C. \V. I).

The kind and amount of commercial
fertilizer to use for best results in seed-
ing alfalfa would depend somewhat upon
the condition 'of the soil. \Vith land that
is in fairly good condition a few hundred
pounds of a standard grain fertilizer is
generally used. Little nitrogen is re-
quired on account of the fact that al-
falfa is a legume and will supply itself
with nitrogen provided it is well inocu-
lated. From 200 to 500 pounds per acre
would be a liberal application, depending
upon the condition of the soil. The
amount of lime to sow would depend
upon the kind, running from one-half to
one ton of caustic lime to one. or more
tens of ground limestone per acre. The
lime should be applied when the soil is
being fitted. The seed can be sowu at
any time during the Spring or summer
when _c0nditions are right the same as
any other clover seed.

As to whether the field will need lime
or not, it is impossible to tell without a
trial. Something could be told by test-

 

 

ing the soil with litmus paper, but as. 3

MARCH 22, 1913.

 

general proposition, on soils where one
gets a catch of ,clover regularly lime
will not be needed. It failures of clover
seeding are frequent upon this land. It
would be a wise precaution to apply lime.

 

 

A POOR CATCH OF GRASS. '

 

S'eed Probably Sown too Deep.

'1 have 80 acres of low land just a trifle
higher than muck, with a quicksand bot-
tom. Last year I had 12 acres of new
Seeding. There was little clover and lesg
timothy in it, and the whole field was a
solid bed of weeds four feet high. I put
'on 10 lbs. of mixed seed to the acre, and
put it in with the drill at the same time
I drilled in the oats. It is good grass
land. in good condition, not too wet and
not too dry, and the grass seed was
recleaned. “’hat do you suppose is tho
reason I did not have a good catch of
grass seed? And why was there such
an awful crop of weeds? Is it possible
.that the seed went too deep? \Vould it
be better to throw the seed right on top
after the oats are drilled in. without any
harrowmg in? Am very anxious about
this matter as a poor catch of grass is
the rumation of a farmer.

Allegan Co. J. H.

Of course, it is impossible to tell with
anything like accuracy the reason why
you had a poor catch of grass on this
field, but you probably have suggested
the correct reason yourself and that is
that the seed was sown too deep. If the
land was unusually mellow, as it prob—
ably was on this kind of soil, it is a very
easy matter to get the grass seed too
deep. I Would sow the grass seed with
the drill when I sowed the oats but I
would let the grass seed run behind the
hoes and not in the drill. Then I think
it would be a good thing to roll the
ground afterwards to pack the loose sods
down. I believe you will get a catch.

There is no explaining about the weeds
but just as soon as the land wasn’t oc-
cupied by the grass, why the weeds grew
up. You don’t have to sow weed seed
in this country. The ground is full of
them and wherever the opportunity of-
fers they come up without any trouble.
My idea would be that it would be nearly
a waste of seed to sow clover on this
low moist land with a quicksand bottom.
It is not the right kind of soil for clo-
ver. 1 would prefer to mix red—top with
the timothy, or something of that sort.
Alsike clover would do a good deal bet-
ter than red clover. Red clover wants
well drained soil with a good clay sub-
soil with plenty of lime in it. At any
rate there should be a good amount of
carbonate of lime in a good clover soil.

COLON C. LILLIE.

 

CANNING FACTORY CROPS..

 

Our tOWn is expecting to have a can-
ning factory here this season. They are
to can corn, beans. peas and tomatoes.
1 read your article in the Michigan Farm-
er last season on raising pens for a can-
nery and am taking the liberty to ask
you what they paid there; and did you
think it paying work for a farmer near
town? W'e have raised cucumbers for
the pickle station, but that work is pretty
hard, so thought we would like to try
the other if it will pay.

Livingston Co. E. S. N.

I believe that canning factory crops,
like peas, corn, lima beans, etc, are a
very good thing to raise on the farm for
cash crops in connection with the other
crops. I would not go into it too heavy
at first, but if you raise good crops of
peas or beans or sweet corn you will get
good pay for them, and one thing I like
about this is that the price is fixed. You
have a contract. There is no worrying
about prices. If you raise the crops you
will get your pay. I don’t believe can-
ning factory crops are any more profit-
able than cucumbers at the price which
the factories are paying. but as you say
it is quite a job to get the cucumbers

picked. Canning factory crops, almost
all of them, can be harvested by ma-
chinery. When you raise sweet corn for

the canning factory you will have the
nubbins and the stalks left for feed, and
if put into the silo it makes good corn
silage. Of course, this would not be as
good silage as if the entire crop con-
taining all ears was put into the silo,
but there will be some small ears left
and the stalks are well worth saving if
they are put in at the right time. Many
people have received splendid returns
from canning factory crops but, of
course, in order to get big returns for
these crops you must raise good crops as
well as of any other crops. You can’t
get good returns if you have a poor
crop. A good crop of peas to the can-
ning factory will net you good money
and you will have the pea vines left
which can be dried and made into hay of
as high par value as clover hay 'or al-
falfa hay and makes a splendid food, or
the pea. vines can be put into the silo.
‘ COLON C. LLLLIE.

 

 
  

   

 

 

 

 

 


   

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

-1I

' moisture

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

Points in Potato Culture.

 

tion of the recent Round-Up In-
stitute, Prof. L. A. Clinton, of
Washington, D. C., addressed the meet-
ing on the subject of Potato Culture. In
his address he particularly emphasized
the following points:
Michigan Potatoes Are in Demand.
Michigan’s potato crop is her most im-
portant crop and the one which is most
in demand by people living outside the
state. Doubtless, the favor of Michigan
potatoes contributes more towards the
popularity of this state than any other
product. It is quite true that our cop-
per mines are very extensive but the
common people of the neighboring states
are more anxious to know about our crop
of potatoes than the output. of our cop-
per mines. Potatoes raised in this state
have the reputation of being the whitest
and possessing the best flavor of any
spuds on the market.
All Soils will Grow Potatoes—Provided
they are Given Proper Fitting.

Light soils are best adapted to potato
'c'ulture. By saying best adapted we mean
that potatoes can be grown on light soil
with the least expenditure of time and
energy in fitting the ground and caring
for the crep. However, it is ne’verlhe—
less true that all soils will produce pota-
toes if fitted properly. It is very import-
ant that the soil intended for the po-
tato crop should be plowed .deep so it
will be loose, the plant food available,
and the largest possible amount of wat-
er conserved. “'ater constitutes some 80
odd per cent of the weight of a potato
so one will at once see the advantage
to be gained by conserving all the avail-
able moisture. The land for potatoes
should be plowed either late in the fall
or in the early spring so as to keep the
which falls during the winter
and early spring. It is the custom to
have potatoes follow clover or grass in
the rotation. It is a good plan to have
potatoes follow clover but many times a
'tough grass sod will be plowed under,
the potatoes planted and the farmer
wonders why his potato crop is so small
but the facts of the matter are that the
grass roots have, not had time to decay
and thus furnish the growing plant with
food. No doubt it would be better to
plow under the sod and plant to some
other crop the first year and follow with
potatoes the second year rather than
planting the tubers directly on the sod
ground.

Good Seed Determines the Crop.

If half of the hills in a potato field are
barren, it goes without saying that the
crop is not the largest that could be
grown and when we come to trace the
deficiency home, we find it lies in the
seed. It may be that the farmer has not
planted good healthy seed or that the
potatoes have been cut in such a way
that the ground has dried them out and
thus cut off the percentage of germina-
tion. Medium-sized potatoes produced in
healthy hills are most desired for seed.
\\'here such tubers are obtainable it is
best to plant them whole but when this
is impossible and large potatoes must be
cut, it is well to know how to cut pota-
toes and why it should be. done in a par-

! T the special fruit and potato sec-

1icular way. The ordinary method of
cutting tubers is to cut them twice
lengthwise. There are good reasons why

this is not the most desirable way of
dividing the tuber. In the first place,
when a potato is cut the injured surface
heals over by forming a corky layer.
This repairing process is best carried on
when the parts 0f the seed are close to-
gether and we can see that if the pota-
to has two long cuts to heal over. it will
not heal rapidly and then there is the
added possibility of an excessive drying
out when placed in the soil. A fairly
large marketable potato may profitably
be cut into four pieces, each having at
least one healthy eye and these pieces
should be “chunks” rather than “slices.”
Do Not Fertilize in the Hills.

The use of fertilizers in connection with
potato growing has been much abused in
the past. A potato fertilizer should con-
tain an abundance of potash, but this
should not be applied directly in the hill.
To‘ many plants, the direct application of
fertilizers acts as a poison. Fertilizer
should be applied between the rows at
the time of planting, but better still,
about three weeks later, at which time it
should be applied about 600 pounds to
the acre and harrowed in. Some growers
use a larger amount of fertilizers than

this but experiments show that all ap-
plications of commercial fertilizer to pc-
tato land, above 1,000 pounds per acre,
are wasted and return no increased yield
to the owner. Previous to planting, the
crates of potatoes should be put in a
tank and soaked in a formalin solution
(one pint of formalin to 15 gallons of
water), for about 60 or 70 minutes. This
will kill all the germs which cause pota-
to scab. Some farmers dust sulphur on
their sec-d potatoes, thinking this will
control the scab, but up to the present
we have no good reason for believing
this remedy to be successful. The most
common distances used in planting are.
to have the potatoes 14 to 16 inches apart
in the rows and the rows from three feet
four inches to three feet six inches apart.
This will allow for cultivation and the
killing of weeds without the use of the
hoe.

Cultivate After the Potatoes Blossom.

The cultivation of potatoes should be
frequent and level; that is, the soil
should not be thrown up in deep ridges.
Experiments have shown that potatoes
will pay for every cultivation up to
about six or seven, but the ave-rage
farmer cultivates his tubers
times. Before the plants are up the land
should be harrowed with the spike-tooth
harrow, which should be followed by a
thorough cultivation as soon as the
plants and rows can be seen. The flrSt
cultivation should be deep and succes-

sive cultivations get shallower as the
season advances. Cultivation should be
given after each rain, however often, to

break up the soil mulch and save the
moisture and if no rain falls the cultiva—
lions may well be about a week apart.
It will often be, wise to cultivate after
the blossoms have. opened.

Spray the Under Side of the Vines.

.\ n'iicroscopic examination shows that
90 pcr cent of the germs of blight are
found on the under side of the leaves
and shoots. Then, if we wish to
trol the blight, which is the most serious
disease of the potato in this country, we
muSt be very particular to spray the un-
der side of the plant thoroughly. For
this purpose the spray outfit should be
fitted with two nozzles, one from above
and the other from below and then, \Vllh
a good pressure the, vines will be cov—
ered with a fine mist.

Oil‘-

discussion following Mr. Clint—
on’s address, Mr. Harry Lurkins, of Paw
Paw, stated that he believed his large
yield this year was due to the fact that
he sprayed just before rains. If the bugs
are. bothering the plants, they can be
killed by the addition of arsenatc of lead
to the spray mix'turc. Home—made lior-
deaux mixture, has bcen found the most
satisfactory spray for potatoes and even
when blight is not present, this spray
has been found to increase the yield. It
should be applied about six or seven
times during the season.

In the

COW PEAS FOR GREEN MANURE.

 

XVould it be well to sow cow peas to
plow under and sccd to alfalfa? I have
'10 acres of land. six acres of which had
potatoes on last year, and four acres of
which had corn on. \Vould like to get
it seeded. The land is very level: thc
soil is sandy loam. It has been cropped
for years and nothing put back. \Vould
it be advisable to sow cow peas in the
spring and plow under in August or ear-
lier. and how much to the acre?

Livingston Co. S, A. TV.

\thrc cow peas are grown as a crop
for green manure they should be allowed
to make as large a growth as they will
and are better turned down the following
spring than in midsummer, as a much
lower amount of vegetable matter will
thus be added to the soil and it will be
in a far more favorable condition for
soil improvement. Also, the full value of
the nitrogen gathering habit of the le-
gume w0uld be secured.

Soy beans seem to be more favored by
Michigan farmers than cow peas and
have given more uniform success. On
the very light soils of northern Michigan
sand vetch and rye are sown in August
and plowed down the following spring for
green manure. It‘ does not matter what
legume is used so far as results are con-
cerned, but it is difficult to build up a
soil by this means in a single season by
the use of any crop as a green manure"
to be plowed down for this purpose. This.
should be made a factOr in the general
scheme of soil improvement rather than
the entire dependence.

only five '

 

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THE MICHIGAN ,FARMER

 
     
  
    
 
 
 

 
 
    
 
 
 

Spring Time on

dairy farm focus about getting the
cows out to pasture in good condi-
tion and started toward a profitable sea-
sou's work. The mild winter and abund-
ance of feed has encouraged many dairy-
men to try and make 1913 their banner
year. At this time last year many good
cows had been sold, and those who need-
ed cows to put in their herds put off pur-
chases until pnstures were fit fur graz-
ing. Last year, too, most cows were
thin and weak when spring came, be-
cause they had been half-starved dur—
ing the terrible winter. Their inefficiency
was an eye-opener to hundreds of dairy-
men who had never before started the
season with a herd of run-down, amuci—
ated cows.
Keen Cows in Condition.

The fast lengthening days are already
sending out the call to the pastures. In
less than two months the grass should
be ready for grazing. The condition of
the cows at this time has a great deal
to do with the season's results; the first
two months of grazing affords a more
complete use of pastures than any other
time during the season. The cow that
drops a calf after being roughed through
:the winter is not in condition to go out
to pasture and give a good account of
herself. You cannot build up her run-
down system and animal energy in a
day. Highly developed cows are not built
that way. Cows that for months have
been compelled to transform dry and
bulky roughage into hair and heat, and
to furnish nourishmest for a growing
foetus. cannot in a few days time con-
vert soft, washy grass into milk and
flesh. Those that have been well—fed.
and have come through the calving pe—
riod in good condition, can go out and

IN spring time the activities on the

   
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

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give a better account of themselves than
their unfortunate sisters who have fallen
into the hands of men who rough them
through the winter, milk them for sev-
eral months and call their income net
profit. They are already keyed up to the
high pitch of physical vigor and force
exacted by heavy milk production. Cows
that have been compelled to subsist on
coarse feeds during the winter should
have a liberal allowance of grain, as
soon as they are safely through the calv—
ing period, so that they may begin to
build up their bodies and develop a full
flow of milk. They must fill their blood
Vessels and soak their muscles with nour-
ishment in order that they may make
profitable use of pasture grass.

Special Attention for the Young Heifer.

The young heifer needs training and
conditioning at this time of the year. The
excitement of calving and the new order
of things makes her dance about and
occasionally put her foot into the‘pail.
This nervousness must be worn off, her
inddevr properly looked after, her teats
ihandled carefully until they have become
Esufl‘iciently toughened to resist the ef—
gfects of friction and pressure. A lot of
time is necessarily wasted in fussing with
heifers after they first freshen. If this
comes early in the spring before field
work demands attention one has plenty
of time to look after them; if it happens
later they are quite apt to be neglected.

 

Prevent Milk Fever.

Many perplexing problems come up
during the calving period. Asa rule, it
is the best cows in the herd that have
the most trouble, fortunately, however,
some of the most dreaded affections are
easily controlled by preventative treat-
ment. For example, the milking of a.
cow immediately after parturition is re-
sponsible for many cases of milk fever.
Nowadays we allow the calf to get the
first milk and leave the rest in the cow’s
udder for 24 or 36 hours to stimulate its
activity and prevent a. too sudden col-
lapse, which affords quorable conditions
for the disease to develop. If the calf is
left with the cow for 24 to 36 hours, and
the dairyman don't tamper with nature,
the disease Will scarcely ever develop.
No dairyman, however, should be With-
out an outfit for administering the air
treatment in case one of his cows is at-
tacked with this ailment.

More of Such Instruction Needed.

Discussing the care and feeding of
dairy cows and heifers during the calv-
ing period brings memories of my boy-
hood_days on my grandfather’s farm.
Grandfather was a mighty good chum,
one of those big-hearted men who have
the knack of gaining a boy’s confidence
and teaching him just how things should

 

./

MARCH 22, 1913.

the Dairy ”Farm.

be done. For many years after he had
retired from active work on the farm
he took a great interest in the arrival of
young things in the barn and sheep pens,
and the writer was his right-hand man.

One Sunday morning in June the good
Old man and the writer went out to look
up “Lady Bess” a Jersey heifer that was
missing the night before. I pranced with
J'Oy when I found her with a calf; and
grandfather’s face beamed with a know-
ing smile when I told him how much the
calf looked like “Old Pogis." I Shall al-
ways remember that Sabbath morning
as we sat on .a dry hummock. amid a
dense growth of hemlock and spruce. It
was there he told me the story of n preg-
nant Universe, how Time broods end-
lessly, and that the purpose of life is to
bring forth young. ‘Vhat grand lessons
for an eight-year-old boy to learn from
a full-grown man who had the patience
and reasoning power to explain the mys-
teries of life. As the fleeting years en—
riched retrospection; as the cares of life
bear more heavily; how I wish that my
four-year-old lad had a wise and patient
grandfather to explain to him the mys-
teries and purpose of life. It is so much
better that children should learn these
things from older people who have their
welfare at heart than from older children
and vulgar folks.

I often wonder, too, if dairymen today
give their cows as good care at calving
time as grandfather (lid his. Plenty of
warm water. some kind of succulent food
to relax their bowels‘, and choice bright
hay were his remedies. If more cows
got just such treatment today we would
have fewer troubles to contend with.
\\'arm water is an excellent remedy both
for drinking and bathing the cow’s ud-
der with.

Preparing for Draughts.

Thinking men cannot avoid serious
consideration of the problems which dry
weather has created, and thinking about
these problems inevitably will lend to
providing means of titling stock over this
emergency period instead of vainly re-
gretting that it has come. The fact that
pastures are less dependable than for-
merly is more and more impreSSed upon
stockmen as periods of dry weather come
more regularly. Years ago farmers ex—
perienced a sense of relief when the
stock were turned out to pasture in the
spring, but during recent years promises
of abundant feed have frequently been
thwarted by long and protracted periods
of dronih. Even the best of pastures
diminish in stock carrying capacity as
soOn as the dry weather checks the
growth of grass. “'ithout supplemental
feeds it is almost impossible to regulate
the number of animals kept in a pasture
so that the fresh and sweet herbage will
be consumed early in the season and
still not leave the stock without an
abundance of food later on. Of late stock
farmers are depending more and more
upon the silo and green soiling crops as
a means of circumventing the eccen-
tricities of the weather.

The Help Problem.

Now. about the hired man? Perhaps
you have spent the past month trying
to find the right kind of a man. “'e find
many waiting to hire out, but the ma-
jority are men who want the highest
wages for the least work. In every line
of work, from the president of a railroad
to the man who scrubs out the one-horse
saloon, efficiency measures the value of
a man. Let us apply this to our hired
help. \Vé want to know that a mun is
capable and honest. Many a home has
been ruined, many a sweet life blighted.
by bringing into the sacred family circle
the wandering (hobo) laborer. Our mun
must be strong and healthy, for there
are many hard tasks on a dairy farm.
He should be neat and clean, and above
all p05sess a fair education. One who
will devote special attention to the little
details of the business. In these days it
is attention to the little details that
make a farm show a, profit.

“'e prefer a married man, if possible.
as they seem to have some object in life
other than getting a dollar without earn-
ing it, or racking their brains to get rid.
of it. If possible, I would have him board
and lodge at his own home, which would
be nearby. Money invested in a cottage
home is a paying investment. It lightens
the labors of the household and gives
each family the home comforts which
belong to every rural home. It is better
for both families.

New York. -W. MILTON KELLY.

   
     

 

“‘95

 

gage-c; _ e

 

 

 


 

 

. ”"3? a.

.— Jg .1.»

 

 

 

   

MARCH 22, 1913.

DAIRY ADDRESSES AT ROUND-UP
INSTITUTE.

 

Growing Crops on the Dairy Farm.

This subject was discussed by the Hon.
J. W. Helme, State Dairy and Food
Commissioner. Mr. Helme stated he kept
40 head of cattle on 50 acres. This 40
head is composed of COWS and young
stock. The young stock are sometimes
pastured off the farm during the summer
time. He has about ten acres of June
gra3s pasture which is largely creek or
river flats that cannot be plowed, and
the cows have access to this during the
summer time. The balance of the ration,
exclusive of the grain fed, is alfalfa hay
and corn silage. The only way he can
keep so much stock on such a small farm
is by growing large crops of ensilage
corn and alfalfa hay. He can do this
because he has a large amount of ma—
nure to keep the land very fertile. A
portion of the land is seeded to alfalfa
every year and a portion plowed every
year for corn. Mr. llelme feeds but very
little grain. ile feeds about two pounds
of cottonseed meal per day for a few
weeks after the cows freshen, the bal-
ance of the year the ration is composed
entirely of roughage. corn silage and clo—
ver hay with, of course, the June grass
pasture. Commissioner Helme is of the
opinion that it is not necessary to have
so much grain in a ratiOn and thinks
the cows can get along very well indeed
without any grain at all, simply the corn
silage and the clover hay. .\ balanced
ration can be formed from these two
foods so far as the food nutrients are
concerned Without the addition of any
grain. and cows having good capacity for
roughage can get along very Well and
produce quite profitable results with lit-
tle or no grain.

Mr. \V. F. Taylor, of Oceana county,
led in discussion. lie advised the grow-

 

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

be given a suflicient amount so that she
could do her best. He argued for liberal
feeding, explaining that the only chance
for a profit is in giving the cow all she
can use. The tendency is to feed too
much to the poor cow and too little to
the good cow. The large producer usu-
ally gives the best profit. The cost of
keeping a poor cow aliVe is as great as
it is to keep a gOod cow alive. Thirty-
five per cent of the ration of a good cow
goes for maintenance, while 65 per cent
of the ration of a poor cow goes to
maintenance.

Roughage is the great natural filler.
The cow must have. a bulky food. The
digestive organs of the cow do not work
properly unless she is well tilled with a
bulky food, but on the other hand, the
cow can not get food nutrients enough
out of the bulky food to do her best.

Twelve pounds of alfalfa hay and 3:”)
pounds of silage makes a balanced ration
so far as the food nutrients are con-
cerned, but this does not contain enough
food nutrients for the cow and conse~
oticntly some grain should be fed. He
advised 4 lbs. of corn, 2 lbs. of oats, and,
1 lb. of cottonseed meal.

Besides we must have some form of
succulency, pasture, silage, or soilingl
crops. PaSture is very expensive. 011ij
about one-sixth of the grass in the pas—f
ture goes for feed, the rest of it is prac-
tically wasted. in European countries
they resort to soiling, and soiling is
much more profitable in this country
than pasturing. He also recommended
the summer Silo. A proper rotation ofl
soiling crops could be arranged so that'
the cow would have fresh soiling crops
practically the entire summer. The onlyi
thing that can be said against this sys-l
tem in America is the: cost of labor. l

Cows differ in their taste and should
be fed accordingly to get the very best
results. Considerable stress was put up-

 

 

l
t
t
I

4-.

 

 

Promising Brown Swiss Heifers and Herd Bull owned by A. Leonard, Antrim Co.

ing of corn, alfalfa, and clover on the
dairy farm. He wanted mature corn
for Silage but he said that in case the
corn was cut by frost before it matured
it could be put in the silo and saved in
that way when it could be saved in no
other way. lie wants the variety of corn
for silage that will use all of the corn
weather in his section; that is the larg—
est variety of corn that will properly nia—
ture, and advised \Visconsin Silver King
as one of the very best varieties. 1\lr.
Taylor argued that on a dairy farm many
times it is better to have some cash
crops instead of attempting to grow all
of the ration for the dairy cows on the
farm. For instance in his locality pota-
toes are a profitable cash crop and it
pays dairymen to raise a certain acreage
of potatoes and buy some, feed for the
cows rather than to attempt to raise it
all on the farm, especially the grain ra-
tion. In closing he advised the farmers
of Michigan to cling 10 the dairy idea.
It will help them out.

ECOnomical- Rations for Dairy Cows.

The above theme was very ably hand-
led by Prof. O, F. Hunziker, of Purdue,
Indiana. He defined the most economical
ration as the one giving the greatest net
returns. Not necessarily the one that
costs the leaSt, but the ration that will
enable the cow to produce the greatest
amount of profit constitutes the most
economical iation. Feeding is both a
science and an art. As a science it seeks
to furnish a sufficient amount of nutri-
ents and provide those nutrients in the
right proportion. The DI‘Otein and the
carbohydrates should be in the propor-
tion of one pound of protein to six and
one-half pounds of carbohydrates to make
a balanced ration. Then the cow should

on the palatability and digestibility. Cows
will not do well if the food is not pala-
table. They will not eat a sufficient
amount of it. On the other hand, if the
food is not fairly easily digested it takes
too much of the cow’s energy to digest.
(lrain being much more digestible than
roughage helps a ratiOn out very much

’ 7:367

ll

 

 

 

 

 

 

in this respect.

The cost of thi- ration depends upon the
available home—grown feed and the prices
of the purchased feed. 11 may be prof—
itable to' sell some of the home-grown
feed and buy other food. l‘rot". llunziker
expressed his disapproval of the mixed
fccd upon the market. He said they
were usually made up to sell something
that was rather inferior and did not ad—
vise their use.

The discussion of this paper was led
by Mr_ Colon C. Lillie, who stated that
i’rot‘. Hunziker had gone over the- whole
tield of economical feeding in a most ad-
mirable manner. touching upon all of the
Vital points. 'i‘herefore it was difficult
to discuss the proposition without re-
peating, or even to criticize it. The- most
that he could hope to do was Simply to
emphasize something that Prof. Hunziker
had already said, and he did put great
emphasis upon the balanced ration, ex-
plaining that the reason why most ra-
tions were expensive was because no
pains were taken to balance up the pro-
tein and the carbohydrates. Reference
was made to the experiment recently
completed at Champaign, 111., in which
two lots of cows were fed, one on a bal—
anced ration, the other an unbalance-d
ration. Those receiving the balanced ra-
tion were not only fed more economically
but they produced better reSults and the
COWS were in better condition when the

 

 

 

$65,000,000

would be saved
annually by the

.5 -r J.

 

It is estimated ithat a million cow owners in the United
States are still skimming their milk by some wasteful “gravity”
method.

At an average of four cows to the farm and an average
cream loss of $10 per cow per year (it is more often from $15 to°$25)
all of which could be saved with the use of a De Laval ("fream Sepa-
rator, this alone represents an annual cream loss of $40,000,000.

Then there are, all told, perhapsa half million inferior
and old and worn out machines in use whose owners could easily
save $5 per cow per year by exchanging their “cream wasting”
machines for De Lavals, and figuring on an average of six cows per
farm, this represents another loss of $15,000,000 at least.

Then to this tremendous cream waste through the use
of inferior separators must be added the excessive cost for repairs on
cheap and inferiorrfmachines and the cost of replacing machines
which should last from 10 to 20 years but which are ready for the
scrap heap in two or three years. There must also be taken into
consideration the loss in lower prices received for cream and butter
due to inferior quality of cream produced by poor separators, all
of which must easily equal at least. $10,000,000 more.

This makes a” grand total of $65,000,000 which would
be saved to the cow owners in this country by the exclusive use
of De Laval Cream Separators.

At first sight these figures may seem startling but any
experienced dairyman or creameryman will agree that the cream
and other losses without a separator or with an inferior one will
average a good deal higher than theiabove estimatefiand that these
figures are really very conservative.

Any cow owner who is selling cream or making butter
and who is not using any cream separator or an inferior machine,
is really paying for a De Laval in his cream losses and at the same
time depriving himself of the benefit of its use.

De Laval Separators are not only superior to all
others in skimming efficiency but are at the same time cheapest in
proportion to actual capacity, while they are so much better made
that they last from'two to ten times longer.

No Cow owner can logically make the excuse that he
cannot afford to buy a_ De. Laval, because it will save its cost over
grav1ty” separation in six months and over any other separator
in a year and is sold for either cash or on such liberal terms that
it will actually pay for itself while it is being used.

It will surely be to your advantage
to join the million and a half satisfied users
of De Lavals. A little investigation will
prove to you that the truth of the matter
is you really cannot. afford to sell cream

or make butter WITHOUT the use of a

De Laval Cream Separator.

The nearest De Laval agent
will be glad to demonstratethis
to your own sinislaction or you
may write to us direct.

The new 72-page De Lava.l
Dairy hand book, in which im-
portant dairy questions are ably
discussed by the beat authorities,
is a book that every cow owner
should have. Mailed free upon
request if you mention this
paper. New lill3 De Laval
catalog also mailed upon request.
Write to nearest ofiice.

The De Laval
Separator Co.

NEW YORK CHICAGO
’ SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE ‘

   
 
   
  
          

   
  

    

in
’I

I lmillililltl

l

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

MZUOWPNCD’UMM

Here’s the separator
that solves the price
problem. Sells for 825 to .40 less than
other machines. The con-
necting link between separator effi-
ciency and reasonable price.
Another point: Our patented device
cleans the machine in less than 2 min.
utes. Will save on time—will save
you money—Wil save you cream.
Skims close and clean. Easy to run
—hard to wear out. Second to none.

Sold by dealers. Ask them or write
us for free booklets and full particu-
lars. Address nearest office below.

BEATRICE CREAMERY C0.

Ohio-go Lincoln. Neb Dos Homes, In.
Dnbnque, Ia.

Save $25.10 $40.

  

 

  

experiment was completed, so it proved
beyond the question of a. doubt the prac-
ticability of properlyadjusting the pro-
portion of the protein to carbohydrates.

He agreed with Prof. Hunziker that
feeding is both a science and an art. It
is a scientific effort to arrange foods in
such a way as to give the right propor-
tion of protein to the carbohydrates. The
art consists largely of getting next to
the dairy cow, getting on the right side
of her, getting her confidence. and coax-
ing her to eat just a little more of this
balanced ration so that she can produce
larger yields. .

Mr;~ Lillie criticized Prof. Hunziker for
not putting a little more stress upon the

 

 

  

AMERICAN

SEPARATOR

THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.
It is a solid proposition to send.
on trial, fully guaranteed. a. new.
well made. easy running separa-
tor for $15.95. Skims hot’or cold
milk; making heavy or light
cream. Designed especially for
small dairies. hotels and private
families. Different from this pic-
ture. which illustrates our large
capacity machines. The bowl is
a sanitary marvel. easily cleaned.
Gears thoroughly rotected.
Western orders ill ad from
Western points. Whether your
dairy is large or small, write
us and obtain our handsome
free catalog. IAddrou:

summer silo instead of soiling.‘ The trou-
ble with soiling is that it not only costs
so much for labor, but besides one can
not depend upon the season. One season
might be too dry to get a proper germi-
nation so that you could have the right
Succession 0f soiling crops, and another
season might be too wet and it would be
difficult to harvest them. Summer silage
will furnish a much more economical
food.

There is another thing connected with
dairying that was not mentioned. He
hardly knew whether it belonged to the
art of feeding or not, but it consists of
getting the confidence of the dairy cow.
Perhaps it isn't necessary for the dairy-
man to actually love the dairy cow, but
it certainly is necessary that lie in some
way fool her so that she likes him. No
one can get tlic best results Out of a
dairy cow unless the dairy cow likes the
herdsman. No one can coax a large yin-id
of milk out of a dairy cow by currying
her with the milking stool. The dairy
cow must look upon the herdsman as a

 

 

 

 
  
  

friend, and it is not difficult to get her
to So regard the' herdsmun if he is the
right kind of a man. and she will eat
just a little hit more because she feels
as if she wants to please him and then

‘she will give just a little bit more milk
‘also. This can be called sentiment or

what you please, but something of this
sort is ncccssary to get the best results
with the dairy cow.
Developing the Dairy Heifer.
I’rof. .-\. C. Anderson had been chosen
to present this theme. which he did in

 

  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   

 

= Write for Silo Book telling

about the big, safe and easy climbing

.. ladder. Doors on hinges—always closed
weir tight prevents silage freezing in
Winter and drying in summer.

COPYRIGHTED

- u - v!
and Lansing Silos
Two famous makes in one book. Best
quality. Write Dept. 15. to nearest office. '1‘

Woods Bros. Sllo 8. Mfg. Co.
General Office: Lincoln. Nob.
Branches: Lansing, Klein. Mnryvllle. lilo"
Minneapolis, Illa... Cedar Rapids. I...
East. St. Loull. lll., Topeka, Huh,
Lexington. Ky.,i-lpokuo.th. . .

 

 
  

"make good” because they're mm m.
And they've been getting better every
year for 15 years. If you want to

treated right, order aGKalamazoolnowg.
\Vc prepay freight. ct our cata 02; t
tells the whole story. Milton Dani. 30.

KAUIMZOO TANK &. Silo 00.
Kalamazoo. Mich. WC'y. Ila.

Minneapolis. Minn.
Io. FLWH. Tex.

 

 
  
  
   
    
      
   
 
 
 

 

is used.

   

nary to make a good silo.
FULLY GUARANTEED

; to be on ropruentod.

   

I.
illicit,
all/liner

 
 

. Agent. Wanted.

 

. !

Swaddle): onewleoe skimmer.
rimus Division

1. meat commission.
rm: weir

 

turns ROSS SILO

We use Guaranteed Long Leaf Yel-
low Pine that will last longer than
any other wood. except cypress. The
highest possible erode of Oregon Fir

The Rose Silo has features that
are exclnlive, and absolutely neces-

Our 63 year! of
l‘ manmturing experience is valuable to you.
[BEE catalog explains all. Write for it to.

’ r’l'ln E. W. Ross Co.,Box 14 Sui-stew).

w~ NTED-Famer Agent for Primue

, ‘ Cream Separators. Famous
Easiest cleaned.
easiest running, closest skimmin machine in the
World

 

rs CHURN co., Sidney, on...

his capable and entcrtaining manner.
His advice was to leave the calf with the
cow two or three days following birth,
allowing him to nurse a little at a time
and often to getthc first milk. or the
callostrum of the cow, after which the
calf should be fed whole milk for at
least two weeks, five or seven pounds
per day. Feed too little rathcr than too
much. Gradually substitute skim-milk
for the whole milk and in from three to
five weeks have the calf entire-1y upon
skim—milk. Just as soon as possible en-
courage the calf to eat roughage and
also grain and he advised any kind of
grain you can get the calf to eat. It is
better to feed this grain after the calf
is fed the milk.

The calves that are dropped in the fall
and properly cared for the first winter,
When spring pastures comes, are old
enough to be turned out to pasture and
need be given but little care until fall.
Then he advised not leaving them out
too long in the fall but to put them in
before severe frost comes. Don‘t compel
them to eat frozen grass. Get them in
and protect them from inclement weath-
er. \Vhen calves are put up in the fall
look them over carefully for lice. They
are liable to be infeSted and should be
rid of them. If the lice are allowed to
remain on, they retard development.
This first winter dairy heifers should be
liberally fed but largely upon roughage.
Encourage them to eat all the roughage
possible. If the heifer is well developed
she can be bred so she will freshen when
she is about two years old. He advised
feeding a liberal ration for some time
before the hcii‘cr freshens. This is the
best time to develop a heifer to enable
her to produce abundantly when she has
freshened. Too many people put off feed-
ing the heifer until after she freshens.
This idea is wrong. They should not only
be fed after they freshen but also before
they freshen in order to get the best
development and start them on the road
to make profitable cows.

In the discussion which followed Mr.
Helme’s p0sition on feeding no grain was
generally criticized. Prof, Hunziker, on
being called upon, stated that his experi-
ence and observation was that a purely
roughage ration was not profitable. that
it furnished little more than a mainte-
nance ration. A cow to produce econom-
ically must have some grain with the
roughage.

r—r‘wnnu" ll \‘l’

TunMicnléAn FARMER

 

 

j! r'..- T ‘ ll" ‘r‘r I“

ondwpowsnuo KEEP THEM.

 

I think I can see good money for the
careful men who in the years coming will
give intelligent attention to the breeding
of good cows—not the general-purpose
cow, but rather the pure-bred dairy cow,
the one that was not ordained to do ev-
erything under the sun but to consume
a lot of farm-grown feed and turn it
into milk, year in and year out. This
cow is the one that does not carry a lot
of beef in her frame, but lives for the
single end of making milk.

Cows of this kind are in demand, and
in dairy regions sell now for about twice
as much as they did a few years ago. It
is not a difficult task to find the cause.
Increased city consumption has stimulat-
ed dairy operations. Some men, when
they want more milk, induce their cows
to meet the demand by feeding them
better and by putting more thought and
work into their care. Other men simply
go out and buy more cows, and there
are enough of such men to keep the de-
mand active and constant.

Then we have a class of dairymcn who
feed a. cow all she will eat and have her
ready for the butcher when she goes
dl‘Y. and t0 the butcher she goes, and
another fresh cow is bought to take her
stall. This kind of moving-picture dairy-
ing uses up c0ws. The law of the sur-
vival of the fitteSt is not in force with
dairymcn of that class. But there is an-
other law that is in force and has come
strictly into its own—the law of supply
and demand. The fellows who buy, feed
and slaughter cows are doing it faster
than good cows can be produced. These
men are thrOugh with a cow in seven or
eight months The average breeder takes
two and one—half years to produce a cow
and two years more to bring her to ma~
turity.

It is a fact that not one out of 50
of our daii'yinen is raising calves into
cows to replenish the normal dairies, in
which a cow is usually kept as long as
her work justifies her support. But where
a, cow is needed, she is bought and she
is frequently a cow that someone is anx-
ious to sell.

I think I can see good money in breed-
ing superior dairy cows to supply those
good brothers who know they must have
cows and think they cannot spare the
time and effort to produce them them-
selves. A pure-bred, prepotent dairy bull
used on average good cows will produce
offspring that can be developed into the
kind of cows that are demanded at good
prices.

The idea that a cow can be milked for
some years and then fattened into beef
is largely responsible for the compara-
tively low market value some men put
on cows. They weigh a cow on the beef
scale instead of the butter-fat scale. The
feed that will make two pounds of beef
that is worth ten cents will make a
pound of butter-fat worth 33 cents. A
cow that will drop a good calf and dur-
ing the year give 7.000 pounds of four to
five per cent milk is a good one. A sen-
sible dairyman should not think of soil-
ing such a cow for less than $150. for the
very good business reason that she will
pay a splendid percentage on that invest-
ment in her.

That is the kind of cow it will always
pay to produce, own and keep. “'hen
you have that kind, keep her price up.
A good cow is like a good friend—«always
to be valued highly.

Illinois. W. H. Unonnwoom

 

TROUBLE IN CHURNING.

Noticing complaint in the Michigan
Farmer, also in one or two other farm
papers, concerning trouble in churning,
I would like to say a few words on the
subject. During the late fall and early
winter months we had the same trouble,
but as soon as I resorted to my old rem-
edy of heating the milk of each milking
the trouble ceased. I do not set the milk
on the range direct, but, according to
directions in the Devonshire system, place
the vessel over a. kettle oil boiling water
and let it remain until the water comes
to the boiling point, but, under no cir—
cumstances must the milk be allowed to
boil. The milk should then be placed in
a room where the temperature will be
reduced in the shortest time possible.
The higher the degree of heat the milk
attains without boiling, the less it will
have of the scalded taste, so objection-
to some; but the immediate reduction of
temperature is necessary, as this is what
does the work. I always add a slight
sprinkling of salt at each skimming and

In , ‘0

“(W ‘C'T'NCP M

‘ MARCH 32. 1913.

stir the cream thoroughly, thus incor~
porating the old with the new.

But the trouble is not always attribu-
table to cold weather.‘ It sometimes arises
from improper condition of the cream or
from improper management in the make-
up ofrthe feed ration. Also. the time of
lactation sometimes causes the diflicutly,
but a careful study of the cause will
generally lead to a remedy.

I remember one fall when potatoes
were so cheap that farmers went to feed-
ing them liberally to their stock, includ-
ing milch- cows. The result was a uni-
versal cry of “trouble with churning."
went up. The difficulty was finally trac-
ed to the potatoes, and when the quan-
tity fed was reduced and ,the grain ration
increased, no more complaint was heard.
\Ve must first find the cause of our trou-
ble, then we can seek far 'a I.‘emedy.

Oceana. Co. JENNIE M. WILLSON.
CONDENSED MILK MEN WANT NEW

STANDARD. '

 

There was a gathering of manufactur-
ers of condensed and evaporated milk—
representing, it is claimed, over 90 per
cent of the total output of the country—
in seSSion at the Department of Agricul-
ture, petitioning the department to set 8.
different rule as to the amount of water
and solids allowable in the finished milk
product. These men claimed that some
cows at some seasons give milk that is
too good. They explained that at some
seasons. varying with the amount of
pasture available. there was more or
lcss of solid matter in the milk brought
in from the dairy farms to the creamery
to he condensed. The rules of the de-
partment provide for a certain amount of
condensation under the pure food law,
but with the present standard the con-
densed milk at some seasons is too thin,
and at others too thick.

The pure food board heard the evi-
dence offered and reserved its decision
on changing the milk standard until it
had time to go over the statistics that
had been presented.

 

THE GREAT LOSS IN FOODSTUFFS.

 

There appears to be a large loss in the
distribution of foodstuffs in the United
States. It has been estimated by statis-
ticians of the [‘nited States government
that fully $75,000,000 worth of dairy and
poultry products are lost in the course
of a year. Eggs are probably the great-
est sufferers, their value being reduced
by breakage in transportation and by
deterioration in holding.

li'hile a considerable portion of this
loss is perhaps unavoidable because of
conditions over which man has little or
no control, yet it is believed that a very
large percentage .can be prevented
through better means of distribution, the
restoration of competitive dealing, better
transportation accommodations and a
more direct handling of products. The
situation has a bearing upon the direct
handling of certain products, especially
eggs. and it affords an opportunity of
stating that great care should be exer-
cised in the selection of crates for hand—
ling this product and also that precau:
tion be taken to grade the eggs since
the carrying of different sizes is likely to
result‘ in breaking the larger ones.

The problem of providing plenty of
green feed for soiling and summer silage
isbne that must be worked out accord-
ing to local conditions. On the writer's
farm summer silage and oats and peas
are the best supplemental green feeds
for summer. Others might succeed bet-
ter with alfalfa, clover, vetch, cow peas
or soy beans. Any crop that can be cut
and cured for winter feeding may be used
for soiling.

GRAND RAPIDS COW TESTERS
MEET.

 

The Grand Rapids Cow Testers' Asso—
ciation held its annual meeting in that
city March 3, and re—elected the follow-
ing officers: President, Milo H, Edison;
vice-president, M. W. Willard; secretary
and treasurer, John B. Martin; Peter
Buth, J. J. Nycnhuis and Colon C. Lil-
lie, of Coopersville, are new members
elected to the directorate. which also in-
cludes the officers and E. W. McNitt,
John Antema, A. DeKline, Ray Briggs
and A. Smith. There was interesting dis-
cussion of many important topics relat-
ing to feeds, diseases and the cost of
producing a, gallon of milk. J. H. Skin—
ner, Kent county’s farm demonstrator,
has been trying for some time to get at
the cost of production of milk and the
figures of the Cow Testers’ Association-
will be used in arriving at the feed cost
but this leaves the labor and numerous
other items untouched.

Event 00. A. (3mm.

 

 


   

\

MARCHzmm- ‘THE MICHIGAN FARMER 9—369 "ff.

‘ 0“” DEEREJMPLEMEN-Efi .

 

 

    
  
  

   

 

 

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Two books that will prove a great help to you in the prepa-
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, These books contain valuable suggestions by men who
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John Deere Wagons are built of oak and
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“I John Deere Ironclad Wagons

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 

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A booklet that gives you valu— -
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When The Going is Hard

Containing twenty-six articles on
. - wagons. Tells you why the dish
save time. Your time is worth money is put into the wooden wheels
to you. and other things you should ‘
m You do the same work with one know about. It is interesting ’

 

 
 
  
 

 
   

Letting Gasolene Do It

Tells you how to lessen your work

horse less; if you now use three horses and you’ll like it. Lower right
you Will only need two;ifyou use four, hand corner of ad. tells how

my qweker’ better and more economically three will do the work. “to get the books you want.”

Use Dain Hay Tools and put up your
than with any other hay tools.

The Dain Hay Loader is easy to oper-
m ate. Simple construction, few parts,nothing

 

 
 
 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     

   
 
  

= E mfi ’ 4:
. a C—j: L . J .. every day of the week, and every .
to get out of order. Material and work- I JJL“ season of the year. Get this book m ’
- and see how our work can be ‘
, '6 Better Farm Implements and How to Use Them illustrates and 71 made easier, it the Lme time 6!?”

“at describes the most complete line of farm implements inade. saving you money. Lower right
Tells when and how to use them under varying COHdlthIlS—-— 53nd Cgrtriler gt 31%;, tells you htoyy
answers questions about farm machinery and IS a practical ° “‘3 ° 0° 5’0“ W3” '

worthy. !.sk your John Deere Dealer
about the Dain line.

Dain Hay Loader and Side

 

 

 

 

 

 
   
 
   

 

 

eli r Rak tellyou‘about encyclopedia for the farm. _It is worth dollars to you. fig; 3B
Ewetriszhandlegogna;fapg§e You can’t afford to be Without it. Write today for T'
. - ’
1y andeconomically. Should you . ' ,, . f‘Better Farm Implements and HOW to Use Them' , “ToGettheBooks YouWant”
. t ' r t' t
2.. walgaihnhgrmtbdl); €3l’335hi’fi =2 mac—:13; fiifi— :: :: I:-=_——:i Write to us at once stating which books

 

you want, and they will be mailed free.
0 be sure that you get a copy of “Better

JOhn Deere Plow Company, MOline, Ill. LU Farm Implements and How to Use Them'f H l

the books you want.", Branches and Dealers Everywhere

E 22' as user so age 0. 5

LEEZ—ZEE—Eagawggg EEHéXEBJ

AMERICAN $ 9_9_ FOR THIS KITSELMAN FENCE.
——— DANDY GATE ~ Get it From_ We make yo-ii-

the same price
ORIGINAL AND new... no, Ame Factony
GEN UINE - a special lotbuiltdown

. , _ to a low price. but are

we would make
full of the same qual-

the bDealer or
Job er. That
ity, satisfaction and :'
IncreaseS‘ durability which can.
be obtained in any of our

is why We can
Live -St0ck surname"- in...

Profits Iowa Gales ‘

Look at these
very low prices.
The filling of this serviceable and o‘rnamental gate is
extra close diamond mesh. Gate has strong frame, pat-
ent latch, etc. Comes in all sizes; plain and fancy tops.

for 26-in. hog fence.

231/40. a rod for 49-in. farm fence.
Style E Farm Gate, illustrated below, is another
leader sold at a much lower price than asked for other

. 7 25%“: a rod for 60-in. poultry fence.

—___ $1.55 for 80 rod spool of Ideal

Barbed Wire, Large free Catalog showing 100

styles oi Farm, Poultry and Lawn Fence.
gates at its kind. Painted or galvanized. All sizes.
The best lumber dealer in your town has ‘these
gates on sale. If you don't know; his name, write us

for booklet, name of dealer, special prices, etc.

KITSELMAN BROS. Box 218 Munole, Ind.
IOWA GATE co., 57 clay st., Cedar Falls, la.

STRONGEST FENCE MADE

FROM FACTORY DIRECT To FARM
26-inch Hog Fence,-..-l4c.
’ 41-inch Farm Fence,---21¢.
48-inch Poultry Fence_-22%c.
80-rod spool Barb Wire, $1.55

“Many styles and helghts.’ Our large Free Catalog
contains fence information you should have.

COILED SPRING FENCE C0. Box 21 Winchester, Ind.

3.. tool you are interested in.
" ‘ See‘lower right hand cor-

 

 

 

manship of the known Dain standard,

proven by service to be reliable and trust-

ner of ad. how “to get m
” la

 

 

 

 

 

 

      
  

 

 
    

   
  

      
  

   
  

,\‘ _r_,__._ Wm . . ,7”, so,
,«ch-gfiég‘gfi?

in? \‘II. c:-
"'.‘ '3’» 'l :\\‘..’.’.'5:

 

 
 

SELF'RAISING GATES.
Make All Your Fields Pig Tight

No matter how good your fence,
unless you have gates to match, pigs
and other small animals go through
losing forage~profit—you might just
as well have.

with Peerless Gates and Fencing
you get the lust dollar of crop value.
The self-raising gate is heavy enough
to turn large animals and close
enough to turn small pigs.

GALVANIZED throughout, are
rust-proof, last longer and look better
than painted gates.

Described in our complete fence
and gate catalogue.

PEERLESS WIRE FENCE C0.
213 Mich St. Adrian, Michigan

    
   

 

 

 
 

 

 
 

    

       

 

 
      
  

 

       

 

 

 
   
 

 

 
 

 

          

 

 
 

American Steel

- . J

Fence Posts
oh e do er than Two Great Books Free
Wood and More _

Durable. “.‘lliilrlng the Farm Pny”7a Simple and

Get Catalog. short treatise on farming, covering
the things every farmer and his
boy should know—sent free on request. .

‘ The Making 0! Stool”~—a complete account. simply and
clearly presented, with many 1 lust_rations. This suchct
never before presented in so concise a manner. Lvery
farmer and his boy should read this. Sent free on request.

FRANK BAACKES, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Sales Agent

American Steel 8: Wire Company

Chicago, New York. Cleveland, l‘lttsburgh, Denver
U. 8. Steel Products 00.. San Francisco. .
Also makers of the old and reliable American bale tiesi

   
   

 

   

 

    

 

    
 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost-less 1/ . , ..
ast 5Times as long . -

l FENCE PRICES B USTED ‘1] save you big money on your farm gates. My new catalog quotes such

 

 

 

 

 

For all purposes. Direct from factory.

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 
 
 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
   

 

 
 
 

 

   

 

freight prepaid.

, . . . . . . . .

astonishingly low prices on CAN T-SAG GA'lES AND GATE STLELS that you simply - r a n P _

. ~./ P ER can’t afford to build another clumsy, all wood Irate. My FREIGHT PAID PRICES are half what other! _: :Bagctlour :lfvefsrncigcooiehilzw up

R0 D charge {or short-lived stashwlre and gas pipe antes. ,- r you buy lance ‘0' Ho re

, , o W . die. Sh , H .P .

. __ 30 Da Ks Free Trial—E Year Guarantee . . A,” ”:5, $33033; ”(gm
bu 5 this High Grade 1-10 Fencing“ heavier ' ,— , - 1 "- d 5. ' ' — __ —~ — We cave you big group ' -
their: usual kinds offered. Zbginohes high. 7 bars, Lfi‘y “GEE-‘23; éfiéé‘fiufsi‘iiifi' 35.1.5332. earsutee. Send for my his free Gate Gaming It once—3°? quality. Mailponal mwiorMFesxfihghwm

   

When you get this book yolrcan either select complete CAN’T-SAG GATES. Read Dept. THE I IN
my length-painted or unpainted or It you prefer you can order 'ust tseteg'l'g S 49 BROWN FENCE a MRI! 00"CLBVE 0'0"")
every . mg n e on

    
 

weighs about 6 lbs. to a. rod, all heights at propor-

.- . A- *
Llonzlbe prices. 48 inch Poultry Fencing. 2 7c With “18306 Mics“ build your own

 

strongest built. per rod ...................... _ can... "180 minutes and s ’ BIG M NE
$1-25 {33133 GALVANIZED WIRE ' -' " I n. MTJP"? §P°°l"-F?§§&E°s$nnn THE uRGEST All! BEST “IE
I 3 i I

J This price i? for NO- 6 8M 6.- Other sizes in PrO- _ l .f : 7 .» 5 , :- : aphasia r. g‘isu'rii ANEbLXge'Fiius “siihcss. Patent re- OF

ortion. Thins our Galvmizsd “Slim“ D“ “P 100““- 4 ’ ~ -, enforced é‘ LF-DOCKING HINGE. ate swings easil both

oabundle, suxtable for Fencing and general DWOB- - ‘ _ .4. .7, ._.7___., _ . . ,, _ always lilacs square and plumb. Elevating Atuchmen
4 BARB WIRE " - , r - , ' . ““3““ "z.“ii‘d'mm'fl” am we .. one.

. .. , , , , IIIO owe ama B 00 .

l: g : ;_-.::» p r ,7 $33310: “shrines-r PREPAI OMRufogAYAdm-egg
l Best and strongestntandard , - 4 , * r . -- . ._ ; |.V.nowo.l'res.llo\vema.co.“GMamssts asl : l. MAC H I N E RY in America. We ‘
' ‘ ' ., " ' have been making

weight. Made of No.12 gauge,
galvanized,putuploolbs.toareol,per1001bs.$1-95 it for over 20 yearé D0 110‘: buy until you see

Quotes low . . . _
FENCE CATALOGUE FREE prices on Please mention the MEChlgan Farmer When you fiufiglvafiw Illglilsti'a‘aft‘eggatalogue No.14, Send f0!

Fencing,WireGates, Lawn Fence. Fence Posts,etc.

chicazouo...wmuuco--momma“ are writingto advertisers and you will do us a favor. Austin Mannheim-lug 00,, Chicago:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Haw. -.n.«.....-.'.a_..-.......w M... , WWW...“ WW
, . , . »L » . ~ _ .. 1. . ‘


   

 

  

1r ~
0“ r

 

    

ctors

 

v, v. . ‘ .
) l k . ‘V
roune. aoo me,

Hlflfllldmsua

The power of 15 horses concentrated in a
single machine.

Easily handled-everything that requires
the operator‘s attention in easy reac .

Single Lever Control. This patented fea-
ture simplifies handling and makes stripping
gears absolutely impossible.

Economical. Develops more than rated
power on Kerosene, Gasoline or Distillate.

Engine is our well-known horizontal type.
used by farmers everywhere. Simple. De-
pendable. You can handle it from the start.

Details of construction and actual service
records gladly forwarded on request. State
size of your farm and general character of
soil. Ask for Catalog No.FM 601
Also build 30—60 H. P.

Fairbanks. Morse 8: Co.

Chicago ‘ Detroit

 

 

 

 

 

—-~ and Now, the

  

Angle Steel Bib!

' l
First we mode famous the All-
Bteel Door Frame. Then we
startled the Silo World with our
mtented Inner Anchor. Closely
flowing this. came the indis~
usable new Base Anchor.
ml with th 1913 season. comes
the greatest sensation of all—-
the patented AngleStool Rib

The Result
What mtgpened as the re-
ose inventions?
Why. the luaw became King.
In asingle stay. orders recently
came in for Saginsws.
So many men now want Sagi-
naws that another large factory
has just been built. T at's num
her 5. Now. if the Saginaw were " '
not as strong and immovable as a big city ck cra er
would men so overwhelmingly demand it? Woukfuli
these level-headed farmers pay out their [none
for Saginaw Silos if the price wasn't rig t? Woul
America‘s leading Silo Authorities recommend the
Saginaw if it ever produced anythin but clean
bright silage? Just because most any gilo is a good
investment. don't get the idea that it makes little
difference which you buy. Men have doubl their
Silo profits simply by choosing the right Silo.
Biz Silo Book Ready
Our latest book fully describes the 1913 Saginaw.
an I; miss getting It. Drop us a line today for Book-
42ond you vnll receive t free. ~ (58
1h "ochre Co. (for-lab Farmers Handy Wagon Co.)
Saginaw. Mich. Des Molnes, Iowa Cairo. Ill.
linnesota Tran-tor. Minn. Ft. Worth. exan

   
  
 
    
 
 
 
 
   

 
    
   
    
 
 

  

 
 
 
 
 

 
 

  
 
   
      
        

Husk When You Please

No need of waiting for the custom
man. Use a

Rumely - Adams Husker

and husk when your fodder is right. No
extra men to board. Simply attach an

8 h. p. Rumely-Olds Engine

and get the cheapest power. it is a sim-
ple, strong, well built cnginc--ateady run-
njng, adjusts instantly under any load.
It will do your husking when you want
it done—and you can use it for a hun-
dred other iobe. Any size or style.
Portable, stationary or skid-mounted.
Write for Data Book, No. 344, on (he Rumelp-
Old: Engine. and information about the Rome! -
Adams Husker. We will
glad to amber an» inquires. Ask
I name of our nearest dealer.
RUMELY PRODUCTS CO.
(incorporated)
I’M-Farming Machinery
Battle Creek. Mich.
Home Office: LaPorte. Ind.

Qw

(Sold hit]: or ”about elevator)
cum corn with or without
.. man-.35: all kihds of small grain.
r the. Conic-I Shape Grind.
m Iron all

  
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    

 

    
 

 

 

   
     
   
    
   
   
   
 

‘RUNNING
(OI? Circular Tolls Why)

FREE was: 33.12%

 

 

 
  
  

T H E“ MI cf’H I’G A”N" FA R‘M E R

 

/

The , Need oli‘Bet’ter‘ Live Stock.

of the recent Round-Up, Prof. E.
Davenport, Dean of the College of
Agriculture at the Illinois State Univer-
sity, addressed the meeting on the above
topic. Prof. Davenport’s address was of
more than ordinary interest from the
fact that he approached this subject from
a different angle than that to which the
average farmer is accustomed.

The Cost of Domestic Animals.

At the beginning of his address Prof.
Davenport emphasized the fact that the
average man who has not given special
thought and consideration to the subject
dOes not realize the great cost of the
domestic animals maintained on our
farms. By this he did not mean the
value of the animals alone, but the cost
of their maintenance. In this connection
he called attention to the fact that by
far the larger portion of the products of.
our farms is used as food for domestic
animals which should be sufficient proof
that their cost is great and make us
solicitious that the returns should be
commensurate with the cost. Too often
where men have realized the cost of do-
mestic animals they have been inclined
to eliminate them from the production
of the farm and sell the wheat and tim-
othy hay grown upon the land, thus im-
poverishing it and ultimately themselves
or those who come after them,

By way of illustrating the too common
carelessness of farmers regarding this
counting of the cost of domestic animals
the speaker related a story of how a.
great convention of lice and other para-
sites was once called and a regular pro-
gram prepared for the occasion, all bear-
ing, of courSe, upon their particular prob-
lem of existence. The outcome of the
discussion was an agreement of the rep-
resentatives present that after all their
problem was a pretty easy one and that
the farmers who owned the live stock
were on the whole very good to them.
They provided the stock and fed them
throughout the year in order to provide
them (the parasites) withra home and
sustenance, a condition which the speak-
er allowed, too nearly approached the
facts in many cases.

The Real PrOblem in Live Stok Main-
tenan‘ce.

Prof. Davenport arrived at the real
point in his address which he appeared
to particularly desire to impress upon his
audience when he stated that the average
man approaches this problem at the
wrong angle. It is far more common to
heur farmers and stock owners discuss
diseases of live stock and problems of
feeding than problems of breeding. Too
many men look at the problem as one of
producing feed for the live stock main—
tainer upon the farm, when the real
problem is rather the securing of live
stock to consume the feeds grown upon
the farm. In other words, the business
of the farmers should be to get animals
to eat crops and not crops to feed ani-
mals.

We must grow legumes on the farm,
not so much because of their superior
value as feed for animals as because of
their favorable influence upon soil fer-
tility. Yet, our sheep zmd hogs which
consume leaSt of these products are the
best brcd of our live stock, while our
cattle and horses which consume most of
these rough feeds. are the poorest bred
of the animals maintained upon the av-
erage farm. l’rof. Davenport declared
that when our land was cheap we could
stand this condition of affairs, but that
with land at prcsmt high values which
in some localities in his state had reach-
as high as $325 per acre, We could not.
Incidentally the speaker expressed it as
his opinion that while Illichigrm lands
have not yelapproached such Values that
the better agricultural land of Michigan
is certain to double in value within a.
short period of years and stated his be—
lief that it was just as valuable. or much
of it at least, for farming purposes as the
high-priced Illinois lands.

Michigan Needs Better Domestic Animals.

After asserting that Michigan people
did not appreciate the value of their
lands for agricultural purposes, Prof.
Davenport stated that they also lacked
an appreciation of their need of better
domestic animals. He advised them to
clean out the poor cattle and horses, and
get better animals as rapidly as possible.
By this he did not mean animals with
fancy pedigrees. A pedigree is simply
assurance that the animal's ancestors
were of—the same kind. Modern breeding
means that animals are good for some!

3' T the Thursday afternoon session

 

thing. ‘

. .. .e . ”We—m..." M».-.A,A.....f ,...._.....¢m fto—wamgy . . ,w ,. .

As an illustration. the speaker referred
to the average horse stock on the farms
of the state. r‘arming today is a ques-
tion of power. The gas tractor may help
to solve the problem in some cases but
for the average farmer the solution lies
in the quality of his horses. The small
horses too commonly found on our farms
are inefficient power for best results in
farming. The solution of the problem
advised by the speaker was to get agood
mare and raise the kind of horses need-
ed. He believed that the gelding has no
proper place on the farm. The nature of
farm work is such that good mares of
the right type can do it efficiently and
at the same time produce colts at aproflt
to their owners.

Better Cattle 3 Still More Urgent Need.

Vl'hile improvement in the quality of
Michigan horses is greatly needed, Prof.
Davenport expressed the opinion that
we are improving our horses more‘ rap-
idly than our cattle. He stated that two
things are particularly needed to bring
about a much needed improvement in
our cattle, the most important of which
is good bulls. He urged his hearers not
to dispose of their bulls when they get

to be, four years old just because it is.

a popular belief that bulls get ugly at
just abOut that age. On the contrary, he
said that bulls are always ugly and 0.x
general principles should be treated as
wild animals, since, if you treat them
like gentlemen they are likely to “do
you up!’
Inbreeding Recommended.

At this point Prof. Davenport, who is
an authority of wide reputation on the
subject of animal breeding, urged his
hearers not to be afraid of inbreeding.
He declared that where a sire has prov-
en especially prepotent as a producer of
good individuals, the breeding of such a.
sire to his own daughters is the best
possible breeding. He added a word of
caution to the effect that where there
were prominent defects in the parents
these defects would be intensified as well
as the good qualities, but maintained that
under judicious use inbreeding was one
of the most valuable means of improving
the quality of our domestic animals.

Prof. Davenport took a fall out of the
class of dairymen who buy fresh cows
and sell them when they are furrow,
by stating that if he were to recommend
the surest way to prevent the improve—
ment of our cattle he would say juSt
that thing: As soon as a cow has dem-
onstrated that she is valuable, kill her!
And as soon as a bull has demonstrated
his value as a. sire, kill him! In effect,
he said that is practically what many
dairymen and farmers are doing at the
present time.

He urged his hearers to buy and use
old sires that had demonstrated their
usefulness, and stated that at the Uni-
versity of Illinois their herd of Holsteins
had been built up by the product of three
old bulls which had been discarded by
breeders. Never mind the pedigree if
the product of the sires is right, and in
buying stock always inSist on seeing
the dams which produced them. '

THE CONTROL OF CONTAGIOUS ANI-
MAL DISEASES.

Dr. Ward Giltner, State Veterinarian
and head of the Bacteriological Depart-
ment at M. A. C.. addressed the farmers
present at the Round~Up Institute on
this important and interesting subject.
As first in economic importance among
these diseases the speaker mentioned hog
cholera, which is the cause of heavy
losses in the state each year. The germs
which cause and spread contagious dis-
eases among animals are considered
among scientists as the “weeds" of bac-
teria, as they occupy‘ the same relative
place among theSe important and useful
organisms that weeds do among plants
of a higher order.

Contagious Dlseases Spread by Commer-
cial Activities.

The destructive contagious diseases of
animals are spread by commercial ac-
tivitieS. The speaker illustrated this
statement by referring to the compara-
tively recent outbreak of foot and mouth
disease in this country. Pleuro pneu-
monia of cattle, tuberculosis and other
contagious and infectious diseases are
spread in like manner, hence the need of
federal as well as state protection to pre-
vent the spreading of contagious diseases
among our domestic animals at home
and their introduction from foreign coun-

 

MARCH 22, 1913.,—

tries~ where such plagues are more pre-
valent. ‘ '
Parasltlc Infections.

Dr. Giltner mentioned parasitic infec-
tions as particularly referring to sheep,
which are very largelylmmune to the
more common contagious diseases of ani-
mals, but which are the prey of parasitic
infection to a greater degree‘than any
other class of our live stock. These
troubles are the fault of the owner, who
must control them by proper precaution-
ary methods if he would.avoid losses
from them. To this end a proper rota-
tion of crops is an important factor, as
has been demonstrated in the control of
'Texas fever among cattle, this being a
disease the infection of which is trans-
mitted by a. parasite. Stomach worms,
which cause a large annual loss to- the
sheep breeders of the state can be con-
trolled by the same means. Clean pas-
tures mean freedom from parasitic infec-
tion of this kind, and pastures will re-
main free from the infection if not used
for sheep more than one year.

Bovine Tuberculosis.

In speaking of bovine tuberculosis Dr.
Giltner did not enter, into a discussion
of its transmission to humans, but treat-
ed it rather as a business proposition of
importance to the cattle breeders and
dairymen of the country. He did not
hold out hope for the complete eradica—
tion of the disease, but notwithstanding
his doubt as to whether it could ever be
completely eradicated he emphasized the
urgent need of its control so far as pos-
sible. Especially should we'be careful
about introducing diseased animals into
our herds.

N
THE PIG’S RATION.

 

Skim-milk and ear corn are splendid
foods for growing young pigs. Of course,
you don’t want to feed too much of the
corn or the pigs will fatten rather than
grow as fast as they ought to. We have
made feeding racks in everyone of our
pig pens and feed the pigs alfalfa hay
juSt as regularly as we feed them the
corn and the slop made of skim-milk and
oats or barley. It is wonderful to see
how much alfalfa pigs that were farrow-
ed in September will eat. They stand to
the feed rack and eat hay like so many
lambs, and it is good stuff for them.

Young pigs are quite liable to get indi-
gestion, a sour stomach, caused in the
winter time from so many causes; cold
weather, the slap being too cold, and all
that sort of thing. They ought to be fed
some charcoal or wood ashes, or get
them some concentrated lye at the drug
store. One can buy this lye very cheaply
in pound cans. Use about a half—pound
of the lye to a barrel of slop, and feed
this to the pigs and it will correct a great
many of the stomach troubles which are
liable to bother pigfi, especially in the
winter time. COLON C. LILLIE.

 

 

SPRING SOWN RYE FOR SUMMER
PASTURE.

Kindly tell me if winter rye sown in
tfleespring will make good summer pas—
Jackson Co. L. C. L.
il'inter rye sown in the spring will not
make much of a growth after warm
weather comes and will not afford a
great abundance of pasture. Due to the
peculiarity of winter rye sown in the
spring, some who have tried it in other
states recommend it as a nurse crop for
alfalfa and the writer contemplates try-
ing this plan out in the spring. It would
be a far better plan to sow dwarf Essex
rape with millet or spring rye for pas-
ture for sheep or young cattle. The rape
is not, however, a suitable pasture for

dairy cows.

 

The open winter has been unusually
favorable for feeding live stock, and the
abundance of cheap feed has caused
many farmers to deeply regret that they
have so few cattle, hogs and sheep feed-
ing. Most sections are very short on
cattle, and reports of this nature come
from such former large cattle feeding
states as Kansas and Nebraska, farmers
Out there having very extensively mar-
keted their cattle off grass last autumn.
instead of continuing their former habit
of putting them on hay for the winter
season. In some of these sections there
are many farmers who are trying to pur-
chase feeders on reasonable terms, but
they are largely opposed to pay the high
prices asked by sellers, looking upon them
as relatively higher than prices paid in
the markets for finished beeves. There
is all the time considerable trading in
stock steers and in feeders, but condi-
tions are unfavorable for any liberal
transactions of this nature, as the av-
erage stockman finds it more profitable
to do his own finishing than to sell half-
fat stock. Furthermore. the killers are
to a great extent outbiddlng country buy-
ers of feeders.

 

 
   

 

 

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l
l

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i
r

l
l

 

 

  


 

 

it
t
r

i
l

 

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

numbers ofnpigs lost by mismanage—

ment during the early part of spring,
the great value they represent. and the
disappointment ‘to the breeders and rais-
ers, that we realize the necesstty for
careful preparations before the pigs are
expected to arrive, and faithful attention
to immediate needs at the time of ar-
rival, in order to save as large a per-
centage as is practicable, and give them
the needed start to insure success in the
business of pig raising. The saying that
“a stitch in time saves nine.” is not any
truer in other kinds of business than in
breeding and raising pigs.

Conditions which Cause Loss.

In order to meet with success it is well
to consider before hand the pitfalls we
are likely to encounter. One of the
causes that cost the farmers a heavy toll
of pigs is lack of life and vigor, on ac—
COunt of sows being fed too heavily on
highly concentrated feeds, and not giving
the sows, or compelling them to take, a
suilicient of exercise to enable them to
impart the vim and Vigor to the pigs
which will enable them to withstand a
considerable degree of cold air and ad-

IT is only when we consider the large

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

gaving ttharly Pig Crop.

in the feed will almost invariably pro-
duce the desired results. If the bowels
are constipated there is likely to be a
feverish condition of the system, and
sometimes the condition reaches deliri-
um. and the sow will snap at the pigs.
and if she draws blood and tastes it, she
is pretty sure to eat the pigs. Do not
feed heavily at this time as it will make
the sow stupid and clumsy. Do not
gorge the sow at farrowing time with
many roots; a few given occasionally are
beneficial.

The day on which the pigs arrive do
not give the sow any heavy feeds. ~\Yhen
she calls for Something, give some luke-
warm drink. For a sow of ordinary size
three or four quarts of dishwater and
skim-milk will meet her needs, and she
will return to the nest comfortable and
remain quiet. It is cruel to give cold
swill at this time. I have seen sows
shiver with cold after taking a cold drink
on farrowing day in cold weather.

The next day feed moderate quantities
of sloppy feed at the regular meal hours.
Increase the quantity and quality of the
feed, gradually, each day, until you are
giving the sow full rations about the

 

 

 

 

 

Ruling Market Values make it Highly lm

Against Possible Loss.

verse conditions. Pigs that are in an
enfeebled condition at birth require the
“tcrn'tcrcst care” to save them.

The Farrowing Pen.

Aiiothcr condition which causes loss is
the lack of a suitable place in which to
allow the sow to farrow. Young pigs are
really very tender. and need warmth to
cmno in contact with while they are
moist. It is at this point very many
fail; they do not make conditions such as
will insure warm air in the pen at far-
rowing time. it is a pretty safe plan to
prepare the. farrowing pen a week or ten
(lays before the, pigs are expected to ar—
rive. Be sure that the bedding is not too
abundantY and yet enough of fine straw
to make a comfortable nest for the sow.
See that there is no possible chance for
wind to get under the floor to come up
through the cracks. if there are any, or
to make the floor cold. Do not allow the
cold air from above to come down on
the nest at this time. Make a false cov—
ering just high enough to allow the sow
to stand up under, and put over it either
some hay or straw, or an old carpet.
Make some false partitions that are just
high enough to come up to the cover,
and fence the sow in. The partitions
will keep the cold air out and prevent
the- little pigs straying from their moth-
er, which they often do before they Hot
their first meal. The sow's breath will
warm such a pen, and the conditions
will be very comfortable day and night,
because the heating apparatus is there
all the time.

There have been times when a cold
wave came later in the spring than usual
and l have had Sows due to farrow. I
have. fenced them in a. small pen in the
Sheep shed and put a cover on. The
sheep manure which had been accumu—
lating for some time was there and
heating. which made a warm bed. A.
small amount of fine straw for bedding
was used, and warmth from the manure
from underneath was perceptible after
the sow had been in the pen a few
hours. I have gone to bed at night when
the temperature was below zero, and in
the morning found a litter of pigs, com-
fortable and smart.

Feed an Important Factor.

Still another cause of failure is im-
pr0per management in feeding the sow
before and at farrowing time. For some
time before the pigs are expected, give
such food as will prevent constipation.
Some wheat bran and a little oil meal

portant to Guard the Spring Pig Crop

tenth day. Do not increase the heavy
feed abruptly at any time. See that the
sow’s bowels are regular and be careful
to not feed her anything that will pro—
duce scours with the, pigs. Better feed
regularly of sm-h feeds as are known to
be safe in this rcE‘pect.
The “Nest” and its Care.

The next day after the pigs arrive.
clean the soiled bedding and filth out of
the nest while the sow‘is at the trough

11~~371
\gtéVDIAWISIlo is  
’1 ”10w flawflefimz

   

 

 

& on when (Yr/ands

The West Virginia Farmer to whom we
sold this Indiana Silo is now feeding 47 head
of cattle where he formerly fed only 17 head.
No more land under cultivation, no more
crops planted, no more feed bought,—but
the corn goes three times asofar because
cobs, leaves and stalks all go Into 1118 ani—
mals instead of into waste. Twenty-five
thousand other farmers have found that the

leglfii‘A

is the biggest money maker on the farm be.
cause it enables them to get 100% food value
out of their corn crops and to have fresh,
succulent feed all year round at less cost
than dry feed.

The Indiana Silo is a quality article from
the ground up. Only the best of silo mate—
rials enter into its manufacture. Our tim—
ber ex erts at the mills take the first selec—
tion. Bl‘he highest grade steel is used ex—
clusively for making our hoops, every one
of which is capable of withstanding four
times the strain that ever comes upon it.
These are some of the reasons why lndiana
Silos last so long without detenoration and
cost so little for upkeep.

Every man who buys his first silo from us buys
his second. third and fourth from us also. In fact,
he is pretty sure to buy his second silo from us, nu
matter Where he bought his first.

If you want to make your corn crop yield you twice
the net profit it now returns, order an Indiana Silo
today. We will make delivery when you want it.

THE INDIANA SILO COMPANY

I . I
cash to buy an Indiana Silo— Factories.
“It buy; itself. ' ' Anderson, Ind. Des Memes, Ia. Kansas City, Mo.

382 Union Bldg. 382 Indiana Bldg. 382 Silo Bldg.

     
 
      
   
   
       
     
      
     
 
   
   
        
 
    

 

   

WRITE today for
our catalogue and
. a free copy of the
book “Silo Profits”,
which is the story of the
Indiana Silo as written by
scores of owners of In-
diana Silos. And ask us
for the name of our rep-
resentative in your 10-
cality.

       
       
       
     
      

Remember you don't need

     

 

   

 

 

  

 

 

. . . _ If you are going to buy a gasoline
engine lnSlSt upon getting one with an Elkhart Magneto built into the
engine for your ignition system. The ignition is the most important
part of a gasoline engine.

 

eating. Follow up the same each day.
putting in to the nest dry, clean. straw,i
in only sufficient quantities to make a“
good bed. If there is a large quantity of‘
straw in the nest, and the weather is
cold, the pigs will crawl into the straw
and there is danger of their being laid
0n and killed.

By the time the pigs are one week old
they will begin to get out of the nest and
look around. .The habit of exercising
should be encouraged. It, is a. bad plan
to allow them to get the habit of remain-
ing in the nest very much of the time
during the day. if possible, make them
comfortable and they will be likely to
want to stir around. Running about gives
them exercise, enables them to get an
abundance of fresh air, and grow in
strength as well as size.

By the time the pigs are three weeks
old. give a little sloppy feed in a clean.
shallow trough twice per day. As good
feed as l have tried is a. little scalded
middlings mixed with new cow’s milk and
sweetened with molasses. Fccd only as
much as they will eat up readily at a
time. Later, coarser feed can be mixed
with the middlings, and I have found
that a little wheat: bran added to the
feed keeps the bowels in a regular and
healthy condition, a matter of importance
to avoid the diseaSe called the “thumps”
that carries off a good many early pigs.

\Vayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.

RAISING LAMBS ON COW’S MILK.

 

In your issue of March 1, Leo C. Rey-
nolds gives some good advice about
lambs, but when he says that feeding
cow’s milk to newly-born lambs will “in
the majority of cases result fatally,” he
is away off.

The trouble in such cases is usually
constipation, which can be easily avoided
by giving a dose of cayenne pepper just
before the first meal. For subsequent
meals, if cow’s milk must be used, take

Elkhart magnetos make a heavy hot spark that will ignite the fuel mixture with
greatest force. ’1 hey w111 fire mixtures that batteries or ordinary magnetos will not fire.

They are dependable as the sole source of ignition. Only one cable is all the wiring tha
is necessary. One turn of the crank will make a. sparkbig enough to start the engine. ' 3
Elkhart M agnetos make good engines give better service. _“

ll

flame ”agile/“o

ls gear driven and timed with the

engine. It should be built into the
engine by the manufacturer. Slow
speed magnetos are most economi-
cal. They do not burn the points.
Elkhnrt Magnetos should be part; of the
equipment of the engine you buy.
Write for list of engine manufacturers who
equip their engines with Elkhurt Magnetos.
Elkhart Manufacturing Company
Dept. 15. Monroe, Michigan.

Exclusive Specialists in Alternating

IIIIIIIII

 

‘n'u

null!

"mo—z:

 

 

 

Current Magnetos for Marine and
Stationary Engines.

 

 

 

 

 

(Continued on page 396).

~--<~--~v - , ”New”, “.mm s~w~~nrw~ can.

.GALLOWAY [y '

r

lb“

  
   
    
 

Galloway is giving swag engine power! You
can get all you want-4% . P. to 15 H. P.—t’or one
'month, two months or three months absolutely free. That’s
the we I sell Galloway Engines. I send one to a man and let .
him try Ft. If he doesn’t want to keep It. be Just sends itback and I pay the freight chines both ways. ode isn't mm

I Permanently Guaranteed! I’ll Cut $50 to 300 off
_ $50 to $300 saved' anybody's prices and put it in your pocket: And
I‘ll give you the very best engine on‘ the market today-THE GREAT GALLO-
WAY—backed by my ironclad guarantee of permanent satisfaction.

“Get My Special 1913 Proposition' Write quick and 1'11

. . ' tell you how you
may get one of these great engines partly or entirely without cost to you.
No canvassmg—no soltcxtrng. I ve been four years in working out this may
ingly generous plan. Write today for full particulars.
Quick, "ow-WRITE! You can make use of this power right now. Send a postal—

etm bi En 'ne Bookandm 8 'al 1913Pr' ‘ti '
out the engine you want and I’ll aghip ityrig t: awzdy. Write me Ware. Addgg on—piek

WILLIAM GALLOWAY Pnfldont
wnnam Galloway 00., 645 dalloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa

We carry o full line of Engines at Chic-20. Kanau City, Council Bluffs. Minneapolis and Winnipe- 126

 

 

 

am. News... 7-9. / .’ , y, .n. :x ,_r .. > .x 1— 3“

 


 
 
  
  

  
  

‘We’ll ; Pay Your Fare to
~ + ' Bay City

;

     
 

  
  

 
  

if you’ll let us save you
money on your carlot orders of lumber
and millwork. Why not visit our
immense plant, see our big yards, select the building
material for your new house or barn and Save Hi least a Fourth?
We Save You x or More and Pay Freight
to your nearest station. Many of your neighbors are
already making this short cut—why shouldn’t you make
the big saving too? To buy direct from our mills, where we
manufacture millions of feet of lumber and millwork from
our own timber, cuts out all useless sellingexpense—cuts
out all middlemen’s profits.

Every dollar you spend with us goes for 100 cents
worth of good dependable material, and every shipment is
made, freight paid, subject to inspection and approval. If
every stick isn’t up to specifications, send it back
at our expense.

Send us your bill of materials for an estimate.
It will‘astonish you. If you aren’t ready to
build yet, get our proposition any—
how. A postcard brings it, free.

HINE LUMBER CO.

202 Salzburg Ave.
BAY CITY. MICHIGAN

    
     
     
 

 

 

 
      
    
   
   
     
     
   
 
      
    
       
 
     
  

 

8 cents

To advertise our business, make new friends and Introduce our great cata-

THE/MICHIG’A’N FARMER y
Hatching and Rearing Early Chicks

As I have been successful in hatching
and in raising chickens, I will describe
my methods. I mate up my breeding
pens early, putting from 10 to 15 females
with a male, or if I have a pen of 25
I use two males, placing them with the
hens alternately. In the morning they
are fed liberally of wheat, oats and bar-
ley scattered in a litter of cut straw;
at noon a. mash consisting of wheat,
bran, hominy, gluten and a little oil
meal mixed to a crumbly mass, to which
is added a little salt every day and cay-
enne pepper about every other day.
Boiled potatoes are occasionally added.
After dinner they receive their green
food and green bone. The green food
consists of cabbage, beets, clover hay,
specked apples or any such on hand.
Their meat food consists of green bone
and is fed at the rate of an ounce a day
for each fowl. At 4 p. m. they are given
all the corn they will eat up clean. Grit,
oyster shells and fresh water are before
them at all times. I am never troubled
about securing fertile eggs.

In hatching with hens, the nest box is
prepared and thoroughly painted with
coal oil or some good lice killer, filling
every crack and crevice; then it is filled
with fine hay, Sprinkled with insect pow-
der and some china eggs placed in it.
The hen is duSted very thoroughly with
a good powder and gently placed upon
the nest, covering her up for a few days
until certain she means business. Once
a day she is released for feed and water;
if she returns to her nest all right the
eggs are given her at once. A week later
the dusting is repeated, and again the
day before she is due to hatch.

A good many people are successful thus
far, but they have no luck in raising
the chicks. As soon as the hatch is over
I bring the chicks to the house in a.
flannel-lined basket, cover them with a
cloth and put them in a warm place. I
let the hen stay on the nest until even-
ing; in the meantime I get my brood
coop ready, painting it with lice killer,
and then put the chicks with the hen.
For chicks hatched in March the coop
should be in a building of some kind
which the sun can shine into. In the
morning the hen is fcd but the chicks are
not until from :16 to 48 hours old. Their
first meal is of prepared chick feed. Feed
little at a time and often for the first
few weeks; when old enough give them

 

f “logos of Eigin watches we will aend this elegant watch 'to any address by
' mail poetpaid for Only 08 coma. Regular gentlemen a size, open face,
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' j ' R. E.CHALMERS &CO. 68880.1)earbornst. CHICAGO
— . ' ' ' fl l f
B E E 8 WA NT E Dhiltgyorfitidg Sim". 60m" 33.91.; Wklvfigl‘vdé’dfil .SJali‘ixagrtifi.

—any quantity. A. W'. SMITH. Birmingham, Mich. Browning's Wyandotte Farm. R. 30. Portland. Mich.

B E E s U P P Ll E S WIIITE WYANMTTEEERit‘?“ Whitetail"?
circulars now ready. L. M. OLDS. psilanti. Mic

end your name for free oatalo

S ' 50 - 7|
8. J. GRICGS 6: C0.. 28 N. Eric 5 ”Toledo. 0. WHITE LEGIGRNS—ohvflgkcéggfgiénflér sftgglr
Maple City Poultry Plant. Box 0. Charlotte. Mich.

 
 
 
   
  
  
 
 

 

 

ARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS-Write us for prices
Also Yorkshire Swine.

larger grains, wheat, cracked corn, etc.
Keep plenty of grit before them and sup-
ply green stuff. One of the best things
is good tender lettuce, which can be
grown in most any corner and thrown to
them whole: When they begin running
at large with the hens they will not
need much meat food. ‘Vater they must
have at all times, as they drink when-
ever they see water, whether it is a
mud puddle or a stagnant pool. More
diseases come from bad drinking water
than anything else, so it behooves us to
keep plenty of good fresh water before

 

s _ f I d '
Willie WYlfldflfifls €31?)an “iiiis $33.53? rggdyprion

on stock or egs.
OSTRANDER ROS. Morley. Michigan .
February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor. Mich.

CRYSTAL WHITE ORPlNGTON
, .‘ 15, f d _ df M t' 1' t. MRS. ' —April “(may cockereis and es s
m "MW...

EGGS BARRED Rocxsiisigéei’fixii’;;¥ LlLLlE FARHSTEAD POULTRY

W. C. OOFFMAN. R. No. 6, Benton Harbor. Mich. B. P. Rooks. B. I. and S. 0. W. horn
bred to lav. Eggs for 5518‘ 15 for 81: 3 for $1.50: 50 to £50

Egoaaday Barred locks. r... M...

51.

 

 

I . .
COLON C. LlLLIE. Coopersville. Mich.
per 15. Eggadsy Poultry Ranch, Marshall, Mich. DOGS.
0R SALE-~15 f rize winning R.C.R l.Rcrls,Sl.50 per 15. FOX. Coon, Skunk
Eggs from sigidliardl Ibred fawn a white lnrl. Runner Ducks. "ouuns F0" HUNTING 3nd Rabbits. FERRETS
white eggs strain. “.50 per 18. Coy G.Brumm, Nashville. Mich. Send 20 stamp. v“ E. LECKY. Holmesvtlle, Ohio

8. C. B. Minurca Cockerels and P. c. Fall Pigs. FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS

Satisfaction guaranteed. R. W'. Mills. Saline. Mich. of the best English strains in Ameri-

M 3:; 40flyealrls ex egienoe in breedip‘g,
' B ed B k.R.1. Beds. am' one no can or my own spo ‘
Prize Winning maggekigcandé. Iiiutnrggr dutiltrfi I now ofler them for Sale.

kf‘o 10. 31.32. .perset. tiiy per
ic‘mvodfi‘ran . R. R. No. 13. Grand Rapids. Mich-

Send stamp for Catalogue.
T. I. HUISPETII. Sibley. Jackson 00., In. ,
Pure Bred Partridge Mandolin Eggs‘iizég £33133?
A. C. FREEMAN. 219 Oak 812., Ypsdanti. Michigan.

 

 

   
    
 
 
    

_, 2 Save $6.00to’20.000-
" ' ‘ 0 Compound Incubators
and Zero Breeders

' I It pays to buy the best when

you can buy at such low pnoes.
Galvanized Iron Case, Double

OLUMBIA Wyandottea. Winners at Chicago,Grand
./ Ra ids, South Bend and St Joseph. Stock andeggs.
RIOHKRD SAWYER._ Benton Harbor, Michigan.

  

AK KNOLL POULTRY—Silver and Partridge
O Wyandottes and Ind. Runner Duck. allege for
sale. E. H. kJ.A COLLAR. Coopersville, Michigan.

LYMOTH BOOK EGGS FOR SALE. Good winter
layers 16 for one dollar, 50 for two dollars.
MES. ARTHUR L. GREEN. Goodrich. Michigan.

    

    
 
  

 

i

All Incubators and Breeders Guaranteed
Wforfree Circulars and Moss. . ‘
War-aw Incubator Co..War-aaw,m.

STANDARD BRED R. I. REDS—.Both combs. eggs from show
stock 82 per 15, fancy $2 per 30. utility $6 per 100 (by ex.)
sent free by P. P. all wonderful winter lnyn‘s.‘ Also lam.
At. geese & Rotten ducks F. & W. runners. B. Red Turks, P.
guinea hens. French Fruit a Poultry Farm, Ludiagton. lich,

WHY INGUBATDR GHIGKS DIE

The book entitled. The History of White Diarrhoea, or why incubator chicks die. willbe

sent absolutely free by return mail. to any one sending us the names of 7 to 10 of their friends

31'“ i?” “if”??? . bib“ Th ““ 3‘31"?“ 2.1.00... mébd‘iin’l‘fisoi‘ud‘ifiW-fi'fitfi
arr oeaor ow 0m e. ecu .

Iron THE NAMES use“ 8 ° 8

. RAISALL Ramsey (30., BLACKWELL, OKLAHOMA.

 
 
  

 

  

 

them. Their drinking vessels should be
thoroughly washed each time they are
filled, and scalded at least once a week
in hot weather. Keep them free from
lice and you will have no great trouble
in raising a good proportion of all that
are hatched, providing they are from
vigorous parents.

As soon as the chicks are weaned, as
we say, from the mother hen, the pul-
lets are separated from the cockerels
and moved to colony houses placed about
in the orchard, remaining there until
ready to go into winter quarters. Here
they have new ground to forage over,
with ample shade. and the trees are a.
protection from hawks. The coops are
supplied with perches and the chickens
taught to roost on them, making them
more comfortable in warm weather. These
quarters muSt be scrupulously clean.
W’hitewashing occasionally not only kills
lice but (lisinfccts as well.

In conclusion, let me say that the ama-
teur must not expect everything to run
smoothly. Don’t count your chicks be-
fore they are hatched; don’t expect to
raise all to maturity that are hatched;
don’t expect all that mature to be per-
fect specimens, no matter how much you
paid for the eggs. No matter what de-
gree of success you have, don’t give up;
better luck next time. Remember that
in the poultry business, at all times, the
indispensable article is grit. Have you
got it? If you have, then go in and win,

paying strict attention to the following:

Watch for lice and vermin at all times
and especially in hot weather. Do not
overcrowd or place too many in a coop

 

.'MARCH 22, 1913.

together. Feed liberally a ration afford-
ing a variety of small grains, meat, grit.
green food and fresh water. Keep coops,
yards and all vessels clean, and watch
for symptoms of disease or ailment; re-
move ailing chicks and treat at once, un-
der no circumstances leaving a sick,
drooping chick in the fleck until dead,
or convalescent. Keep it by itself. Many
minor ailments can be treated success—
fully, but, generally speaking, it does not
pay to bother with a‘chick under three
weeks of age. A. E. VANDERVO‘R.T.
HIRED HELP IN THE POULTRY
YARD.

 

If there is one place, more than an—
other, where hired help is a delusion and
a snare it is in the poultry yard. Unless
one has a. working knowledge of the
practical part of the work, it is easy to
make the most glaring mistakes, and be
perfectly unconscious of the fact. It al-
most seems that the majority of people,
whether they are helpers or proprietors,
when they strike the chicken business
fail to exercise their wits to the best ad-
vantage. From observation in other
States it has seemed to me that most
peOple think all that is necessary is to
hunt the eggs and revile the unfed, un-
sheltered hen because they are not more
plentiful. In some sections of our own
state the throwing of a few ears of corn
in the direction of the'henhouse, and the
gathering of the eggs, seems to consti-
tute the business of poultry keeping in
the minds of many.

I have occasionally trusted flocks of
fowls for a short time to the care of
hirelings and once had a number of pens
of highly bred fowls.given dish water
for drink; "just the same as swilling
hogs,” I was told when I asked an ex-
planation. I generally find the grain in
a heap, and enough fed to last several
days, and this in spite of printed direc-
tions tacked in a conspicuous place. I
have sometimes found that the poultry
house door was left wide open, when the
wind .was blowing directly upon the fowls
on the roost. It seems that many think
care should be given if they have time;
if not, they will get along somehow, They
proceed on the principle of “what lives
lives, and what dies dies,” which was
the policy of a former neighbor of mine.

The advent of incubators and breeders
however, has put a more buSiness-like
face on the situation, and the little word
“attention" means more if you are
watching an incubator full of high-priced
eggs.

Once upon a time I went some eight
miles to town to market a bunch of
broilers which I had dressed. I left a.
flock of, fine turkeys, a month old, in
charge of the hired man, knowing that
I should get home late. I charged him
again and again to see that they were
shut in their coops so that they could
not get out in the wet the following
morning. I returned late in a pouring
rain, with an invitation to spend the
evening at the house of a friend which
I felt I must accept. I asked about the
turks and the man said he had shut
them up with the utmost care. I there-
fore postponed my visit to their coop
until my return, when I took a lantern
and went to investigate. I found the
coop door shut and faStened all right,
but most of the turks had been fastened
out of the coop, instead of in, and had
perished in the rain.

Hillsdale Co.

 

PR1 SCILLA PLUM.

 

EXPERIENCE IN CHICK FEEDING.

 

The very best feed I know for feeding
baby chicks is toasted white, bread to
start on and toasted johnny cake next,
gradually changing off onto chick feed as
they become able to take it. The toast—
ed bread is dried until as hard as it will
get, and slightly browned clear through
like the Zweiback eaten by dyspeptics;
then it is ground in the food chopper and
fed dry. The johnny cake is treated the
same,‘a few burned spots doing no harm,
as it furnishes charcoal.

I start out with the white bread crumbs
mixed with a little bran and fine grit.
In a day or two I add'the johnny cake
crumbs, some onion tops or dandelions
chopped fine, and later the chick feed.
I have had my full allowance of bowel
trouble in little chickens, but have had
no trouble when using the above method
of feeding. I even took charge of a lot
where half had died of bowel trouble and
brought the rest through in good shape.

Barry Co. Mas. FARMER.

 
 
     

i
s

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l

 

 

 

 


  

3,
l

i
l

 

 

 

 

1'.
,3) .
/ C

?2

MARCH 22, 1913.

WOVEN WIRE AS MEANS OF RE-
STRICTING RANGE OF FOWLS.

The preferences of individuals must
not interfere with the rights of others
so, if one lives in town he probably
must, or should, keep his chickens shut
up in yards; but out on the farms, where
the nearest neighbor is a quarter of a
mile away, to let the chickens have the
run of the lawn and orchard is a good
thing for lawn, orchard, and chickens.

A nice flock running at large is a de—
cided attraction, rather than a blemish,
if it is also harmless instead of being
a nuisance. Where time is at a premi’:
um, as it usually is on a farm, aside
from the actual economy in the matter
of feed, one can save considerable time
by letting chickens run about and pick
up most of their living themselves. The
most scientific system of growing and
feeding poultry is planned to follow, as

nearly as possible. the natural out-door
conditions of our temperate summler-
time. If we can give them the advan-

tage of this without having to work arti-
ficially for it, we are just so much
ahead. Such a flock is bound to be in
better condition, also, because of the bet-
ter facilities for exercising freely, and,
incidentally, lawn and orchard are going
to be benefited from the fertilizer scat-
tered and the insects devoured.

In such a campaign, however, one
must rely quite largely upon his good
friend, woven wire fencing. If the chick—
ens are inclined to trouble the fields of
freshly seeded small grain, a backyard
fence of woven wire will I)robably be all
that is necessary to keep them within
bounds. The ripening small fruits must
be guarded from their voracious appe-
tites, but a little woven wire will attend
to it.

Flowers are wanted on the lawn. so
pieces of woven wire will need to be
placed over the beds. Cut those about

the correct size and shape and hold them
in place with little forked sticks or by
pressing points of the wire into the
ground. It will keep the chickens from
scratching in the beds but will not pre-
vent necessary cultivation and weeding.
Iowa. F. NISEWANGER.

SPRING MANIPULATION OF BEES.

Preventing Dwindling, and Building up
for Season’s Work,

Correctly beginning the season means
much for the success of the bee-keeper.
Spring dwindling, weak colonies and rob-
bing result in small surplus. if bees are
wintercd in a cellar, great care should
be taken in setting them out. YVhen

THE MICHI

If the colony has an old queen, a new
one should be introduced early in the

season. Poor honey causes bees to die
by the thousands. This can be com-
pletely prevented by the feeding of sugar
syrup. Another serious cause of dwind—

ling is the desire of the bees to fly on
changeable days. This can be lessened,
if not entirely prevented, by facing hives
north and by leaning a board against the
hive front so as to shade and darken the
entrance. The giving of sweetened wat-
er every night about dark prevents bees
from flying much, as their greatest rea-
son for leaving the hive is to bring wat-
er for brood rearing.

To Build up Weak Colonies.

Bees should be kept as warm as pos-
sible, which is sometimes a problem dur—
ing wet cold springs. Covering hives
with tarred felt is advisable.
a windbreak of some kind is a large help;
also reducing the hive entrance to about
lit-x2 inches. This keeps hives much
warmer and prevents robbing.

Stimulative feeding will build up hives
into strong colonies. As bees increase in
numbers the brood nest should be en-
larged sufficiently to make room for the
increase and give the queen plenty of
laying room.

To get best results from bees it is nec-
essary to do all we can to build up the
strength of colonies early in the season,
especially where the main honey crop is
derived from clover. As soon as bees
commence to gather pollen, stimulative
feeding may be started. Ilives crowded
with bees and brood in the very best
condition for the opening of the horey
season can be obtained in about
of feeding and at the cost of about.
cents per colony.

Syrup
to three pounds of water.

0
vl

This is fed.

one of the feeders described a few weeks,
(if 4‘

ago. Feed from a half to a full pint
warm syrup each day at sundown. lt
advisable to make the first lot sweeter to
get the bees started, after which it
be made in the proportions named abov».
Shiawassce Co. N. I". (ltr'ric.

is

 

PROFIT IN FEEDING BEES.
The farmer feeds his hogs for gain
although there is suflicicnt pasturage to

sustain them after grass comes in swring.
Likewise there is profit in feeling the
bees for early brood and swarms even
after honey-bearing blossoms have ap-
peared. Feeding stimulates the rearing
of brood. and everyone who has had any
experience with bees knows that a mat—
ter of two weeks’ difference in two
swarms often means twice as many dol—

 

 

 

 

 

 

An

Inexpensive Bee Shed for the Protection of Colonies from Spring Storms and

the Hot Summer Sun.

weather has every indication of being
rainy or cloudy on the morrow, com-
mence about sundown to carry out all

the hives and put them upon the stands
they are to occupy during the summer,
unless they are to be again moved a mile
or more, in which case they may be set
anywhere, with hives not too close to-
gether. Bees should not be carried out
.during warm weather or on an evening
preceding a warm day. If the morrow
comes off warm, contract entrances to
one-fourth of an inch in width. Do not,
however, set bees out until cold weather
has passed, unless they become Very
restless or have dysentery.

Bees wintered out of doors need not
be unpacked until spring work in the
hives is needed.

Spring Dwindiing.

During the firSt month after taking
bees out of cellar there are more bees
lost than during the other 11 months.
If bees are kept alive and in their hives
during the chilly, cloudy, changeable
weather of early spring, good colonies
for the summer are sure to be the result.

lars profit. One dollar’s worth
is all that one is likely to feed a. hive,
and this will hasten brood rearing so
that by the time white clover comes on
there is a strong colony, if not a. new
swarm, to take care of the honey flow,

of sugar

making the bee—keeper a hundred per
cent, and often more, profit. Indeed,
there is scarcely a time of year when

bees cannot be fed profitably. One would
not want to feed after the main honey
fiow set in, and not until frost in the fall,
but there is no economy in stinting the
bees in feed. Spring feed may be thin
syrup. A box of shorts and bran, mix-
ed, set near the hives where all can help
themselves will be found a living mass
of bees until pollen from flowers can be
procured. The syrup should be placed in
a feeder, or in a shallow pan on top of
the combs.

Missouri. H. F, GIRJNSTEAD.

 

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER IS NOW
only 50c for one year, $1 for two years,
$1.25 for three years, and $2 for fiVe
years. Best and lowest priced.

To have 1

7) days ‘
40'

is made of one pound of sugar:
1]) 1

61111 i

 

 

GAN FARMER

l

   

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2;“ ‘51 ‘ iI It'll .
fitflififimh Wstixcfiumaanm-j gr.‘.‘..::?:::,. .1 . _

   
 
  

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.1 iiiiiaadi..tko

'\ a, Ilti‘II
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. . «f/fiM’Hfi

 

)
.‘t‘

    
  
   
  

Ready mg

Genasco is made of Trinidad Lake
asphalt—Nature’s everlasting watcrproofcr
that gives it life to resist rain, sun, wind,
snow, heat, cold, and fire.

The natural oils of Trinidad Lake asphalt
preserve this life in Genasco through years
of all kinds of weather, on roofs all over
the world.

' It continues to resist after roofings made
of artificial “asphalts” have gone to pieces.

Get Genasco of your dealer. Mineral or smooth surface—
several weights. The Kant-leak Kleet for smooth surface roofing
makes the seams .absolutely watertight without cement and pre—
vents nail-leaks. Write us for the Good Roof Guide Book and
samples, free.

'IkW'Oh-fiai‘fl 331:;— {chi}?

., N; no ”Warn

 
  
  

 

.v-r:

29‘

~.....
H.

     
   
  

r“: . 9"" v!
"JA'ML ‘

The Barber Asphalt Paving Company

Largest producers of asphalt“ and largest
manufacturers oi ready rooting in the world.

Philadelphia

San Francisco

W'
-_ \

 

 

 

   

fling Chiclgkight

to make satisfactory growth 0 h the right, kind 0’ material if they are

1 muscle, bone and tenth

ableQSiiztgkagggwahgng:&rlgtmgzggitg.f Rush. those ltiockcrelselo 1153;133:166
6 ore prices in . (let. i

completely developed and ready to fill the nests with fall (iii?! 353%?

eggs. its .
Pry Baby Chick Food

contains just the necessary ingredients to
weeks the best. possible start. at a. c

         
 

 
   
        

give them during the first three
()st. of 10 per chick. 1
25C, 50c. 51 up. After the third week mii boxes and bags’

”3&9 Poultry Regulator

in the ration to aid digestion and make the
. eates
oluieed consumed. 25c, 50c, 25-lb. Fulfil-$2.50.
our money back if it fails."
Our products are sold by dealers everywhere, or

PRATT FOOD COMPANY
Philadelphia Chicago

        
    

  

gain for every pound

    

       
 
         
 
  

 

 
  
   
 
  
  
   

  

I .. ‘. _ .
14OChIcks from 140 Eggs 5 New, SEND A POSTAL
. This World's Championship Record is not ' "berts Tolls about t 18 ncuator t 00 19
uncommon with users oi my Belle City incu- 1913 80 Years to perfect. Shows “”11? it. beats
bator. Many are doing this right along. The 0“ others in 25 d‘ fi‘crent ways. 9118 (8033

   
   
    
   
 
 

United States govermnentis one of my 201,840
’ Belle City users. Make Sure of Success
by using my proof-backed Belle Clty.
\Vrite me for all of the proofs or order direct
from this ad. Jim Rollan, Pres.

Bella City Incubator Cm. Racine. Wis-

.5‘5 Still Buys

World's Champion

Mil-Egg incubator

Double cases all over;
best copper tank; nursery self-reg-
ulating. Best nachick hot—water
brooder. $4.85. Ordered together,
$11.50. Freightl’ll (E. of Buckles).
No machines a. ‘

ou ought; to know before on bu (1
incubator at; any y nu
p ri c e anywhere.
Read about. the

FREE

Incubator leader of the year.
Built for a. lifetime service—big
hitches sure. Redwood case, Basswood in-
nor walls, dead air lip-co, asbestos lined.
Double beltingaystem, double regulating, perfect ventilotion.
[In greatest improvements over mode in incubator.
1:. Surprise on price saves you $5.00 or more. Write me a
postal now.'Getmy book. Read the facts. Then decide. Addres-

R. F. Noubert. Box 703, Mankato, Mlnn.

55 BREEIIS

    
  
 
    
    
   

4';-:

  

”an

We chip
. nick from

    
  

 

Pure-Ind
ChlckonoJluckl.

  
 

 

‘ J ' any price are x G 1. k

better. flsfn . ‘ case, In oyo,
Writerorggoktgdgyoxgggxiaiifieé‘e lino Incubators. Suppliosi, and Col"-
now and save time. Address Dogs. Send do for large optltry book

Incubator Catalog and Price Ll -
HJ'I. HINIKER, Box 56, Monhto. Mlnn.

”marrow/among ,

Delivered Frelght Pald (East of the Rockies)

The biggest incubator bargain of the season.Think of
ltiYou can now get the prize winning Wisconsins—winners in the
three big hatching contests for only $10.85 for 175 egg capacxty, or

£5 Egg Incubator at! Broader 3—0111] Er §_1_0

Why take chances with cheaply constructed machines when you
’ 5; can get machines built of genuine California Redwood With Hot Water
‘ heat, double walls. dead air space between. double glass doors. copper
tanks and boilers. self regulating and extra deep nursery under egg
traancubator and broader are shipped complete with thermometers.
lamps. egg testers—set up ready to use when you get i; em.

9 ' We agree to kee our machines in repair
5Yeal‘ Guarantee—30 Days Tna' for five years FREE of char 0 except arts
broken by carelessness. We also allow 30 days trial right in your own home. Incubators fin! ed in no to!
colors showing the high grade California Redwood lumber used and not painted cocover inferior material
It on will powers our machines with others oflored at anywhere near our price.we will eel cursor ur
0 er. Don i; buy until you do this—you'll save money—it pa 8 to invest! ate be fore_you buy Semi for £5 ‘

 

 

 

    
  
     

  
  
 
   

 
      
    
  

 
     
 
 
 

    

unit as

      
 

 
  
 

  
    
  
  
    
 

{3311:2503 with" and in your order direct from this advert sement an onetime. Money back it not sot-
. us -
a Don't delay. WISCONSIN INCUBATOR co... Box I26 , Raclno, WI:-

 

   

  

 


    
     
 

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’ 3741—14

“g, ..

The. Michigan Farmer

Established 1843.

room foryboth in the same community-
and so long as this is evidenced by at-
. tendance of, and interest in. the shorter
' - institute meetings, these should be in no
The Lawrence PublishingCo. way curtailed and the farmers. “schools"
Editors and Proprietors. where such are desired, should supplement
39 to 45 C611 58 St. West. Detroit. Michigan. rather than supplant them,
ransom Mm 455.
A recent report from

NEW YORK OFFICE-41 Park Row. ,
Omcaeo Optics—600 First Nat'i. Bank Building. Wages of Farm the Department of Ag-
. Labor. riculture states that re-

CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave, N.
ports received from cor-

 

M. J. 'LAWRENOE............ ....Presldent.
M L LAWRENCEL... .... .....Vice-President,

 

  

E. H. HOUGHTON..........................Beo.-Treas. resp0ndents of the Bureau of Statistics
I.B.WATERBUBY........ ................. of that department indicate that the
gnfiTYQEggfiijfixmu -;}A§3§’$:§? money wages of farm labor in the United
ALTA LAWSON LITTEL - States increased about 3.2 per cent dur-

 

E. H. BOUGHTON..................Business Manager ing the 133813 year and seven Per cent
during the past two years, while since
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: 1902 the increase has been about 34 per

One year, 52 issues .......... ........50 cents , _ .
TKO years. l%mues.... ”41.00 cent when the entire country is conSid-

ree years issues... ..... .
Five years,” issues.... ..... 2.00 ered. .

According to this report the current

All sent postpaid.
Canadian subscriptions 600 a year extra for postage. _
Always send money by draft. postoflice money order. average rate of the farm wages in the
United StateS, when board is included,
is by the month, $20.81; by the day, oth-

registered letter or by express. We will not be re-
er than harvesting, $1.14, and during hur-

sponsible for money sent in letters. Address all coni-
RATES OF ADVERTISING‘ vesting, $1.54; when board is not includ-

munioations to, and make all drafts checks and post-

oflice orders payable to, the Lawrence Publishing Co.
40 cents per line agate measurement, or $5.60 per .

inch, each insertion. No adv't inserted for less than ed the average rate 15 by the month.

 

  

 

1.20 or insertion. - .
0:1" 0 letter , quack doctor or swindling advertise- $2958 ’ by the day, other “fan harvest
merits inse at any price. $1.47, and by the day during harvest,

Entered as second class matter at the Detroit, Mich-
igan. postofioe.

COPYRIGHT l9l3
by the Lawrence Pub. 00. All persons are warned
against reprinting any portion of the contents of-
this issue without our written permission.

$1.87. This report shows that wages
very widely in different sections of the
United States, the extreme being $56.50
as the monthly Tilte without board in
Nevada, as compared with $17.10 in South

 

 

WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN Carolina-
FARMER immediatly upon expiration of time sub- Comment is made in this report on the
scribed for. and we will pay all expenses for defending
any suit. brought against any subsoribertoTheMich. fact that wages fOl‘ farm labor had an
tgfbffif‘féefiymlti; urtllliiihfilm:grdggedffigglexxpi¥§d: upward tendency during the decade of
"rail“ dismissalsrytsanreassists. the sevent'es but were almost station-
an farmpaperwhiohdoesnotprint,ineach issue a ary during the. eighties, and declined
33);.an ‘Luiaanviggnté?Stipbi’igh‘ii‘é"Ei‘éff’ba‘éioféfbfil’lofi: during the period from 1892 to 1894. since
which year they have been steadily

DETROIT, MARCH 22,1913. tending upward.

In Michigan it would appear that the
farm labor problem is about as difficult
of solution as in any state, case.- having

The institute season been reported where desirable men have

Michigan Farmers’ which recentl." closed secured 3 WW marked advance over the
Institutes. shows that the inter- high wage of previous years for the com-

est in FarmerS’ In- ing Summer season. There is a vast dif-

stitutes throughout the state hasheen well fcrence between farm hands, and the
maintained. Superintendent Taft states g00d ones are, certainly worth much more
that the one-day institutes have never than the DOOI‘ 006*, yet there is a limit
been as successful as during the past to the advance in farm wages which
season. Complete figures regarding at— farmers can pay With any DI‘OSDGCt 0f
tendence at all institutes are not avail- profit to themselves. This question of
able at this time, but comparative figures farm help is one WhiCh has been a lim-
from a number of counties, including iting faCtOY‘ in PFOdUCtiOD and an influ-
those in which “Farmers’ SchoolS,“ as ence in the matter of the high cost of
well as the regular institutes were held, living, and its satisfactory solution is a
Show that the attendance even in these vexed problem. So far the only SOIUUO“
counties showed a gain over 1911. appears to be in more scientific farming

The benefits derived from these insti— and more economic production, factors
tutes are out of all proportion to their in the success 0f their business WhiCh
cost to the state. The cost to the state every farmer should most carefully study.

during the season of 1911 for a total of
1,250 institute sessions with a total at-
tendance of 146,858 people, was $6.80 per governors of states,
session, as compared with $51.44 per ses- mayors of cities,
Sion in Nebraska, $39-09 1381‘ SBSSiOH in cemmcrciul bodies. presidents of univer-
Missouri, $36-32 in miHOiS. and SO 0“ sities and presidents of peace societies of
down t0 $13.62 per SGSSlOn in Ohio, the the western hemisphere t0 the Fourth
nearest competitor to Michigan, yet with American Peace Congress at St. Louis,
a cost a little more than double that of M0,, which will be held May 1, 2 and 3.
the average for Michigan institutes. 1913. President Wilson has accepted

Notwithstanding this low cost of the the honorary presidency of this congress.
Michigan institutes, which we understand while Ex—President Taft and Senator
has been maintained fm‘ the present 583- Root have accepted, vice-presidencies of
son on a comparative basis with that for the congress Congressman Richard Bur-
1911, the results have been Very generally tholdt will be active president of the
SatiSfaCtOFy, the character Of ”18 ROImd- congress, while many prominent men
Up Institute, for instance, having been have consented to serve as active vice-
better than the average for the preced- presidents and many men of‘ international
ing year, as will have been noted by reputation have accepted memberships on
Michigan Farmer readers from the re- important committees of the body. The
ports of the features of this meeting general committee includes many of the
which have appeared in recent issues 0f foremost men and women in the United
the L/Iicliigan Farmer. States.

This reference to the extent, character Preparations for the congress are be-
and COSt of the work which has been ing made by Chairman James E. Smith,
done through 0111' MiChigan farmers’ in- of the executive committee. and other
stitutes is made because of an apparent prominent St. Louis men who are serv-
misapprehension with regard to a recent ing upon important committees of the
comment in which the work being done body. Present indications are that most,
by farmers’ fischools” in some sections if not all, the countries of the western
of the state was referred to as a logical hemisphere will be represented, with a
development of the Farmers’ institute very large representation from the Uni-
which well might gradually supplant it ted States and Canada. Each state is
in those sections of the state which have entitled to ten delegates, appointed by
in a way outgrown the Old-fashioned in~ the governor, Michigan’s governor being
stitute. This, however. does not apply among the number who haVe already
to the great bulk of farm communities availed themselves of this privilege.
in the state, as appears from the fact This congress is a more important body
that the interest and attendance at the than many appreciate. The United States
institute meetings, both the one—day in- alone has 80 peace societies, all of which
stitutes and the county meetings, has are expected to be represented at the
been maintained and in many cases in- congress. It is believed by many men
creased, over former Years. who are in close touch with the work of

There is undoubtedly a great educa- the peace congress previous to the pres-
tional work which may be and is being cut time, that it has had much to do
accomplished by the farmers’ institutes, with the attitude of the powers in' the
but we do believe that they may very Balkan trouble and has also kept many
properly be supplemented in' very many of our more excitable public men from
localities by the more comprehensive in— rushing us into complications with Mexico
structlon which can be secured through which would haVe meant a useless and
the medium of farmers‘ “schools.” Ap- expensive war. The work of this con-
patently, however, there is plenty of gress is a matter in which every public

 

 

 

 

CURRENT COMMENT.

 

Delegates are be-
The Fourth American ing appointed by

Peace Congress.

a

T H E: MIC HI G A N F AER-Ms R

 

 

spirited citizen should haVe an“ active in-
terest, for which reason .we shall be glad
to give publicity to the results of its der
liberations as we are to give publicity to
its coming meeting and the work which
it has done in the past.

Notice has been sent
The Equal Suffrage out by the Secretary
Amendment. of State relating to
the resubmission of
the constitutional amendment providing
for equal suffrage at the spring election.
It appears that .there is a possibility that
this amendment will be the only one sub-
mitted at the" spring election. It was
considered settled when our lastissue
went to press, that the amendment pro-
viding for the initiative, referendum and
recall would also be submitted at the
spring election, but a slight amendment
to the resolution upon which the two
houses did not reach an early agreement,
makes it doubtful whether official action
can be taken in time to get these
amendments upon the ballot.

Others of minor importance may still be
submitted at the spring election, but it
now appears probable that the equal suf-
frage amendment will be the only one of
especial importance to country voters
which will be so submitted. In any
event the submission of this amendment
is certain at the present time, which is
not the case with any of the others men-
tioned in our recent issue. \Thus the
electors of the country districts of the
state who have been largely interested in
this question will have an early oppor-
tunity to again express themselves upon
this important question at the polls.

In another column of this issue will be
found an appeal from the officers of the
State Association of Farmers’ Clubs to
the members of that organization to in-
terest themselves in behalf of the pro-
posed amendment. Other farmers' or“-
ganizations of the state are working along
similar lines, which promises that the
full strength of the country vote favoring
the amendment will find expression at
the polls. ) '

Some weeks ago we
published in these
columns a digest of
the Wisconsin law
providing for the organization of co-op-
erative associations for the purpose of
conducting any agricultural, dairy, mer-
cantile or other business on the co-op-
erative plan. This law, as previously
noted, prohibits the use of the word “co-
operative” by any organization not com-
plying with the provisions of the law and
also provides for a distribution of the
profits on the basis of patronage after
definite dividends on the capital invested
and a prescribed reserve fund have been
provided for.

A similar bill is now pending in the
Michigan legislature which should rally
the individual and collective support of
farmers within and without the legisla-
ture. This bill will undoubtedly engender
the opposition of organized dealers, but
with the united support of the farmer
element this opposition should not be
effective. A degree of uniformity in cc—
operative enterprises is undoubtedly de—
sirable and such uniformity can doubt-
less best be promoted by a special in-
corporation act for such organizations.

Legislation for- Co-
-operation.

Some statistics recently
Cause of Forest published with regard
Fires. to the causes of fires in
the national forests are
interesting, inasmuch as the same causes
would apply to fires in other than na-
tional forests. The investigation upon
which this report was based showed that
lightning caused more fires than any
other one agency, followed in order of
importance by railroads, campers and in-
cendiaries. It was ascertained that about
27 per cent of all forest fires in national
forests were started by lightning, while
38 per cent were due to carelessness.

It is probable that this is a much
larger proportion of fires caused by light-
ning than would obtain in forests other
than national, inasmuch as these, and
especially Michigan forests, are more
generally traversed by railroads, and in—
terspersed to a greater degree with set-
tled lands or lands which are being clear-
ed for settlement.

Hence, in Michigan at least, careless-
ness would be responsible for a very
much larger percentage of fires than is
the case in the national forests. Last
season was a peculiarly fortunate one
from this standpoint inasmuch as the
rainfall was well distributed throughout
the year and except for a. brief time
during the early part of the season forl-
est fires were not common or .destructive.
This, however, is a source of consider-
able and often serious loss in our state

I

MARCH 22, 1913

and one which sh0uld be avoided so far
as possible by the elimination of care-
lessness in starting fires and permitting
them to spread. -

 

HAPPENINGS OF' THE WEEK.

 

National.

The Erdman arbitration board, ap-
pointed to consider the differences be-
tween the eastern railroad firemen and
the railroad companies, is in session in
New York city, where for the next 30, or
more, days it will. be listening to testi—
mony touching upon the demands of the
firemen and the defence of the compa-
nies. The work is being pushed with the
hope that a decision will be arrived at
within the 30 day limit, for Which time
the government pays all expenses. The
parties to the controversy may extend
the time for hearings beyond that date
but they themselves must then stand for
the added expense.

According to an announcement made
by the Department of Agriculture, Texas
has the honor of producing a larger ag-
gregate value of 12 ordinary farm crops,
than any other state in the union. These
crops are corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye,
buckwheat, fiaxseed, rice, potatoes, hay,
tobacco and cotton. It is her enormous
area and large yield of cotton that en-
ables Texas to command a big lead over
some of the other wealthy states.

\Vhat is believed to be an importantde-
veIOpment in the treatment of infantile
paralysis, is indicated by a report from
Baltimore that Dr. Flexner, of the Rocke-
feller Institute, has discovered the germ
which causes this dreaded disease. The
doctor declares the germs to be the
smallest ever identified. It is hoped now
that an anti-toxin may be developed to
successfully treat the mysterious ailment.

After two years of work the appraisers
of the Harriman estate declare its total

value to be about $70,000,000, which is

$1,000,000 less than it was formerly ap-
praised at. ,

It is reported from VVashlngton that the
department of justice under the new ad-
ministration will continue the trust in-
vestigations begun during the Taft ad-
ministration. An inquiry is now being
conducted to determine whether the Stan—
dard Oil Company has been dissolved ac-
cording to the decre issued several months
ago by the Supreme Court of the United
States.

The exports from the United States
during the month of February establish-
ed a new high record fer that month, the
total value being $194,025,916 with a bal-
ance over the imports of $44,456,702 for
the same month in favor of this country.

Late last Thursday night a destructive
storm swept over the plains east of the
Rocky mountains and many of the cent-
ral and southern states, reaching as far
east as Georgia. The loss from the storm
will perhaps never be known. In Ne—
braska where the disturbance came in
the form of a great blizzard two train
wrecks in which four persons were killed
and 12 injured, were caused by the
blinding snow. In Minnesota and Wis-
consin one life is reported lost and prop-
erty estimated to be worth $500,000 de-
stroyed. Twelve persons were killed in
Tennessee and 100 homes are reported
wrecked. Other fatalities are reported
from Illinois, Alabama. Texas, Louisiana,
Kentucky and Georgia. In the latter
state 18 are known to be dead as the re-
sult of the storm. In all of these states
property damage runs high, the general
estimates in the south reaching the three
million mark.

A rear end collisiOn etween two pas-
svtlangelr gains near Got enburg, Neb., on

are , resu ted in 12 ers
killed. p ons being

Foreign.

It appears that a critical situation is
facing the Canadian government at Ot-
tawa, the consideration of a navy bill
being the issue which the liberals and
conservatives are debating. An effort
was made last Saturday by the govern-
ment to force through the original navy
bill by limiting the debate. This attempt
aroused the liberals to declare fer their
constitutional rights, which brought them
suffic1ent support to defeat the effort of
the administration. The liberals have
submitted a proposition providing $35,-
000.000 to be spent for at Dominion navy,
while the government is desirous of fur-
nishing funds to construct battleships for
the British navy.

Opposition to the new gOVernment of
Mexico by rebels in the northern states
seems more formidable than at first ap-
peared. The center of the revolt is evi-
dently in the state of Coahuila, the gov-
ernment of which is in the hands of a.
rebel executive. who seems to have a
strong following. Advices say he holds
the cities of LampaZOS and Bustamente.
The public press of Mexico city is also
taking more notice of the uprisings in
the north.

Carl Gustaf Patrik De Laval, known
throughout the world as the inventor of
the centrifugal cream separator, died on
February 3, in Stockholm, Sweden, his
native city, at the age of 67 years, Dr.
De Laval while best known to fame for
his invention of centrifugal cream sep-
arators did not by any means confine
his activities to the development of the
cream separator. He was one of the
most prolific‘and versatile of the world’s
great inventors. Among other of his
notable inventions were the milk tester,
a centrifugal churn, an emulser, a me-
chanical cow milker, a new form of
lamp, a frictionless vessel, an explosion-
proof. steam boiler and a process for ex-
tracting metals from ore by electrically
developed magnetism, in fact, he was tire-
leSS in his activity in working out un-
solved meehanical problems of every
kind, and until the very last he contin—
ued actively at work in his experimenta-
tion of old andtnew projects, his brain
as fertile and his energy as unremitting
3 ever.

   
   

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

. V.--—‘____._w __

 

 

' field of oats just before

 

 

LITERATURE
POETRY
HISTORY an?
IN FORMATION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‘17"? FARM BOY
an? GIRL '

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL

 

 

 

 

 

This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month.

Every article is ,written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere

 

 

 

The Country and the People of the Philippines

try agrees that the greatest re-

source of the Philippines is its ag-
riculture. The census showed that there
were over 815,000 farms having an area.
of about 7,000,000 acres, of which about
950,000 were forest and 4.000.000 cleared
land, but less than one-half of the clear-
ed area was under cultivation. Allowing
two-thirds of the country as impossible
mountains, forests and jungle—the more
important being the unsettled portions of
Luzon, and the large. unsettled and un-
touched parts of Min—

EVERYONE familiar with the coun-

Philippine. Agriculture.

° Formerly Division Superintendent of Schools, later Superintendent
By E‘ A' COddlngton) of Publications for the Bureau of Agriculture. Manila. 1’. I.

(Book Rights Reserved by the Author.)

loyan house, one of the old friar estate
houses. During Spanish administration
efforts Were made from time to time to
stimulate the cultivation of the soil and
the growth of certain crops. Foremost
in this, as in everything else, were the
religious orders represented by the friars;

on the Island of Cebu in 1572 and the
last by the same order in the southern
part of the Cagayan Valley in 188]; these
tracts vary from 30 to 50,000 acres
and altogether are estimated at 420,000
acres or about six per cent of the farms
of the country. Some of these manor

 

doro, Palawan and Min-
danao—it seems reason-
able that one—third or
about 25,000,000 acres
may eventually b e
available for agricultur-
al purposes. The census
also showed that less
than one-half of the
civilized population was
engaged in gainful oc—
cupations; of this num-
ber 1,254,000 Were en-
gaged in agricultural
pursuits, about 960,000
in manufacturing and
mechanical pursuits,
572.000 in domestic and
personal service, 227,000
in trade and transpor—
tation, 120,000 in fi'Sher-
ie-s, and over 25,000 in
professional service. Be—
sides the agricultural
regions already named,
mention should be made
of northwestern Luzon,
which, watered by the
Abra, Laoag and Rattan
rivers, is an attractive
section to agriculturists.
Zacata, the Leading
Forage Crop.

Let us take a look at
one of the finest agri-
cultural sections which lies at the very
doors of the city of Manila, the T’asig
and Maraquina river valleys. \Ve go to
the Tondo or union station of the Manila
& Dagupan railroad, the only railway on
the island of Luzon. From this station
trains leave for more than a dozen ter-
minals on the island. We take the train
for Pasig and Montai-

 

 

others were devoted to growing sugar
cane, coffee and fruit as well as rice for
food. On some of them extensive dams
and irrigation works were constructed.
This move by the religious orders doubt-
less represented the first organized effort
for agricultural development and, save
for the abuses practiced by the managers
and unfair treatment of the tenants and
the people who worked the land, they
should have been a most important factor
in the country’s agricultural development.
To dispose of these troubles the Philip-
pine government, au—’
thorized by an act of
C on g r e s s, purchased
these csltllf‘s and they
are being sold and leas-
ed, tirst to the people
Who have lived on them
for generations or others
Who care to purchase
them much the same as
other public lands.

Pasig and Maraquina
Valleys.
Traveling along the
north bank of the l‘asig
and crossing the Mari—
ouina ri or we reach
the town of l’asig, from
which we emerge into
One‘ ot‘ the finest agri-
cultural parts of south-
Crn Luzon, a thrifty and
prosperous country ex—
tending from l’asig to
the mountains, and
stretching around the
north shore ot‘ Laguna
de Bay (Lake of Bay)
to the province of La—
guna on the east and
south. in the country
we iind the homes of
the people grouped in

 

 

they selected the choicest tracts of land,
built large and commodious manor houses,
granaries and chapels and established
great estates by drawing about them
many tenants and work people for de-
veloping the land. There are 31 of these
estates located in nine provinces; the
first was taken up by the Augustinians

Gathering Sugar Cane.—“There are many varieties of Cane but very few are grown on the Haciendas."

houses, with their great halls and spa—
cious apartments for entertaining guests,
command line views over the country and
out to the sea; their great stone walls
and heavy framework made them veri-
table fortl'eS'Ses, which purpose some of
them served during the insurrections.
This estate was given to rice raising. but

barrios or towns, the
owncrs of land
not living on their lands
as do the. farmers in the l'nitcd States;
in time past this mcthod was necessary
for tln- pl'tliot‘lltlll of life and property
against lllt' ladrones who came down
from the mountains and the pirates who
came from the sea.
The Farmers.
In ovc-ry agricultural section there are
tWo (‘lasst-s of farmers.

largo

 

ban to San Mateo on
the Antipolo division.
Montalban is at the foot
of the mountains near
the new dam and wat-
er reservoir which sup-
plies the city of Manila.
Soon we are winding
around to the east
through the rich garden
districts of Gagalanging,
San Lazero and Santa
Mesa, and on either side
see men cutting zacate
which is the principal
forage for both horses
and cattle; it is a rich
green grass, the fields
very much resemblinga

the heads begin to ap-
pear; the men cut the
grass with sickles, tie it
in small bundles which
are gathered in piles,
and later deliver it to
their customers or take
it to market in heavy
one-horse carts like
those found in Europe.
Mandaloyan, Typical of
Friar Estates.

Leaving Santa Mesa,
the last station in Ma—
nila, we cross the San
Juan river and on the
right are facing Manda-

 

 

A small Tobacco Farm In lsabela Provlnce and a Typical Home of a small Farmer.

Nipa Palm and does not Contain a Nail.

It is built of Bamboo and

First, the haccndero,
who owns from 23 to 100
or more acres of land
whit-h is usually devot—

ed to growing sugar
cane. lump, coconuts

or tobacco; he. is gcn-
erally ono of tho princi—
pales or illustrados and,
if a. large land owner,
he is known as -the
caciuue—political leader
or boss of his commu-
nity. 'l‘ht- sccond class
is composed of thogrcat
mass of small farmers
who own or cultivate a
tract of land from the
size of a garden plot to
one or twu acres for
the purposw of making
a living. The small
farmer spends much of
his time in the employ
of the large farmer, or,
if he lives near the sea,
as a fisherman. In some
provinces the average
size of the farms is
about two acres, while
the haciendas range
from 25 to 60 acres.
Most of the farms are
worked by the owners
or those who have a.
squatter or prescriptive
(Continued on Dr 377).

 


  

I
a
..

ha: :

 

376—16

T HE printed item blurred before her

  

eYes, and the peace of the early
evening that lay in the quiet room
seemed to become suddenly oppressive,
She turned with fumbling fingers to the
item again, read it swiftly and, dropping
the paper, stared out into the gathering

dusk about the .house. From her heart.

memories were taking wing, even as out
of shadowy corners and hidden cells the
golden butterflies seek the summer air.

The item was ‘brief. It said Simply
that the Reverend Richard Brownell was
to speak that evening in the First
Church on his work among the miners:
but it awoke visions of her happy girl-
hood with its glorious dreams, the first
wonderful love that he had given her,
the spring days of courtship, then the
great decision, the parting of ways that
had separated them, and the autumn of
realization.

Echoes, faint but true, had reached
her. telling of the noble work he was do-
ing among his people. His life had been
like a beaCOn lighting the darkness of his
own field of labor. and shining far out
where others toiled f0r truth and good.
The years had brought him fields white
with harvest; her own years were sterile
as meadows under summer drOuth.

She recalled the evening when he came
to her, the light of a great and holy re-
solve on his face, and told her that he
had decided to give up his life to work
among the far-away miners, and asked
her to go with him. How handsome he
had looked! How worthy of a true wom-

_an’s love and honor! But suddenly be-

fore her had come visions of the life
that she thought would be her lot in
such a place a: the great mining center;
it would mean the. sacrificing of the ease
and luxury to which she had been ac-
customed, the social interests into which
she had been born. A sudden coldness
had fallen upon her. She had remained
faithful to him when he had made his
quick decision to give up his promising
career in the law and take up the minis-
try. for she was sure she loved him. but
to follow him into such a field—she would
not. She had not thought it right for
him to expect her to leave her home and
follow him there: she had argued that
his love for hcr should pct ask it, and
he had answered simply that he wanted
to make his life count for something.

Out of the past came the fadeless mem-
ory of his face as she had spoken the
words of her decision—the pain. the
grief, the crushed hope: but he. had gone
quietly, without a word of reproach, and
from that day no word had passed be-
tween them. He had gone to his life of
service; she had married his rival, Ernest
Seyton, debonair, wealthy, popular, an
expert with the horses, a master of the
arts 0f society, but—nothing more.

She crushed the paper between her
tense fingers. The little item of faint
type had bridged the years, knoeked at
the door of memory, and sounded the
hollowness and emptiness of her life.

The telephone rang silverly, and her
husband’s heavy, dull voice answered
her word of query carelessly, informing
her that he would remain at his club that
evening.

As she hung up the receiver a word of
gratitude fell involuntarily from her lips.
She was glad he was to follow his usual
custom and spend the evening With his
cronies; in the mood she was in, his

presence would Only accentuate the traits

she had been striving through the years
to overlook-dds serene selfishness, his
narrow love of personal pleasure, his
mockery and carelessness of the ideals of
Christian life and service, his futile life
that would be. bounded only by the dates
carved on his tomb. He had been good
to her in his way; what money could
bring was hers, and a sort of love: but
—the narrow mEztnnESs of it all! She
was hungry for the wide spaces of
achievement, to do something, to amount
to something, to work side by side with
those who were making the World and
men better, hungry for a great and noble
love, touched with the passion of earth,
but glorified with the spirituality Vof
heaven. She did not see. only darkly,

, before; now she saw clearly. Her effforts

to make her life of use had met with
angry condemnation from her husband,
laughter and ridicule from her friends,
and ambition and effort had been stifled.

The chimes of the clock in the great
hall struck the half-hour. As the 10w,
lingering notes hung mellowly in the
silent rooms, she shivered with the sud-
den resolve that formed in her mind;
she would hear Brownell—perhaps see
him—speak with him! Hurrledly she
gathered her wraps.

She turned to the telephone and called
Seyton's club. The smooth voice of the

I

THE" MICHIGAN FAR'MER— ,

     
 

   

 

H

 

The Mountain Path. -

By Arthur Wallace Peach.

attendant answered: “Mr. Seyton is
busy; he suggests that you give me the
message.” \

She started as she always did, though
she had grown used to that request. Sey-
ton disliked to leave his game of bil-
liards. “Tell him I am going to hear
Richard Brownell speak at the First
Church.”

“Vith a swift word to her maid and the
nurse, she went out, boarding a car at
the foot of the house grounds for the
first time in years; she wished to go and
return unseen.

Her heart was beating a little more
rapidly than usual still; the thought fair-
ly sang through her mind that she was
going to see him, beloved and honored of
thousands, and that he had once loved
her. She wondered if he had changed; if
the years of toil had bent the strong
erect figure; she wondered if his voice
had the clear sweet ring as of old, if his
eyes‘still glowed as they used to when
he spoke of his hopes and his dreams.

Busy with her thoughts, it seemed but
a few moments before the church ap-
peared. Already the broad steps were
black with people going in. Inside, the
pews were rapidly filling up? the music
was sounding softly in the prelude.
Swiftly she sought a corner that gave
her a clear, unobstructed view of the
platform.

Around her she recognized many of the
leaders for good in the city, toilers in the
vineyard where the reward is not in coin
0f the realm, but in the imperishable
treasure of grateful hearts and the con-
sciousness of a Master’s ““‘ell done!”

The music died to a low chord and
ceased; the great audience rustled as it
turned, and a ripple of soft whispering
went over it like winds over wide mea-
dows. He was coming.

Out of the small side door came the
white-haired pastor of the church and,
after him, Brownell.

She leaned forward for an intense mo-
ment. In from of her a woman whis-
pered to a friend, ”VVhat a wonderful
face!” The years had brought changes,
and she noted them, secure in her sense
of her insignificancy in the great audi-
ence. Tall and strong he looked as years
ago; but his thick dark hair was thread-
ed with shining strands of silver; and
his face—there, had been the change. It
was the face of a man who had sacri-
ficed much, and had found'the peace
which has no name; it was a face to hold
men silent, a face to love: on it was
written the nobility, the glad service, the
quenchleSS hope and faith of a great
heart and an unconquered soul; on every
feature lay the gentle beauty that bright-
ens ihe face of one who follows the gleam

The brief introduction over, he began
of a far light—a seeker of the Grail.
to speak. The tones of his voice held the
same gentleness as of old, the same

sharp insistence when high pitched, the
deep significance when low. The rust-
ling audience grew quiet as a, restlve child
under a mother’s lullabye.

She in turn felt her own tumultuous
thoughts. calmed and quieted. Easily,
using the simple language such as a
greater One than he found meet for all
needs, he told of his work among the
crude rough men of his country, his ef-
forts to let into their lives the light of
a great faith and hope. of the methods
he had originated which were reaching
out into far corners of the earth to heal
and save.

As he went on speaking, and the hu-
man sea about her with its tremendous
potentialities of storm and unrest became
utterly still beneath the rehearsal of a
wonderful life, her own life came before
her more vividly than ever before, with
its round of gayeties, its futility, its
wasted years, its fruitlessness, and its
unhappiness; keenly followed the picture
of the man to whom she must return,
living a life that no true man respected,
no true man honored, useless as a work-
er in a vineyard where there was so
much to be done. an idle dreamer through
an idle day, carelessly watching the
years speed beyond recalling, and holding
her to him with the vise of law and hon-
or, yet unfeeling, unheeding.

Penetrating the turmoil of her con-
sciousness came Brownell’s serene voice:
“If we have a cross to bear, we should
bear it for the sake of others; for he
who takes upon himself a cross and seeks
to lay it aside but lays it upon another.
Some paths of life are not easy to tread,
but the valley paths never reach the
heights; it is the mountain path that
leads to the sunrise! If I say to you,
'Follow me—’”

Sharply the phrase cut into her heart
-—“Follow me.” If she had, she thought,
what life it would have brought! The
wonderful love, the deep satisfactions, the
full sweet years, the mountain path and
mthe sunrise! But no'w—the past and
future shot before her like dancing fig-
ure; in a dream; the climax of half-
formed thoughts and the undefined yearn-
ings of the years came.

With the agony in her heart, the hot
tears were born. She knew now the bit-
terness of regret as she had never known
it. At the moment of her decision she
had put aside forever—the word stung.
Forever—it must not be! She would go
to him; he had never married, and she
knew the reason. Would he take her?
The years—how rich they would be! Oth-
erwise—how empty! He had loved her;
she had seen the love in his eyes. He
would forget and forgive; she knew it;
she would speak with him, look into his
eyes and—see!

The audience stirred; the speakers were
leaving the platform. She touched a
woman near her who turned a shining

llHillllllllIHllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllHillHHHHHHHHHIHHllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllllHHHHIHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllIlllllHilllllllllllllllllllll|IHilllllllllllHllllllllllllllllllllll

Beginning Again.

 

By Mrs. Walter Jackson.

We sometimes wish that we could just begln
Again, perhaps, in some fair land where all
Our sad mistakes, and all our wlllful sin,
Might be cast off, outside the city’s wall;
That We could always follow duty’s call
Where'er it led; and keep a smiling face
When things go wrong and seem all out of place.

Our God has set an open door

before

Each one, which none may shut. We may begin
Again—~each day, each hour—but how mUCl'I more
’TwOuld mean if we would keep right on and win.
Yet we give up, despairing, when withln
Our reach is strength sufficient for the fight,

If we would trust in

God—not our own might.

We have not learned pain’s lessons yet, and so
We miss the way, because we do not hear
His voice and keep in step with Him. We 90
Alone upon life’s way when He Is near
And waits to lead us safely on. We.fear
We know not what because our slght ls dim
And what we need is faith to lean on Him.

SalvatIOn is the gift of Christ, who came,
A child, to show us how to live, and died
To buy us back from sin. He took the shame,
And sorrow, too, and now He walks beside
His friends, to aid, to comfort and to guide.
0 woundrous love! We pray, God take our days
For service; fill our hearts with grateful praise.

Mission 22, 1913.15 ~

face to her. “Will there be an opportu-
nity‘ to speak, with him?"*m\‘ ,

“Yes, in the assembly room, it was
just announced," the woman an5wered;
“and it is a priceless privilege. ‘ Come
with me if you are a stranger. I know
a. way by which we can reach him
quickly.” ~

The woman took her to a little side
room and opened the door into the as-
sembly room where he was already the
center of an increasing group. The wom-
an paused a moment—"Doesn't he look
just what he is? How proud a. wife
would be of him! Come—”

She started, then hesitated, for she
knew she could not trust herself. “No—
there are too many; you go—I’ll speak
with him later.”

The glad faces pressed around him;
hands eager for his clasp reached to his,
and satisfied with sight and touch the
crowd slowly dwindled: but still she
watched, trying to decide whether she
would speak, wondering if she did wheth~
er he would answer and how. Would his
eyes light as of old, telling her in the
silent language of the heart what she
knew must still be true—that he loved
her? But her heart failed her; she could
not bring herself to look into his gray
eyes then; later she would seek him——
somewhere—alone.

Swiftly She hurried from the church;
soon the rumbling car left her‘at the
foot of her grounds and she hastened up
the long driveway to the great house,
gloomy before her save for the soft lights
burning in a few rooms.

Draping herself in a soft, loose gown,
she sat near the window, letting the cool
breath of the evening tOuch soothingly
her face, giving her thoughts free rein.
She must see him, she told herself, and
tell him that he must call her to him; it
was not right that her life should grow
gray and empty with the years. Beside
him life would mean love. hope, glorious
service, and happiness. She had decided
wrongly once; she would not suffer for
that wrong decision always.

A stumbling step in the hall aroused

her; slowly it climbed, with erratic pauses,
to her corridor, then turned into her
room. The light was turned on. Her
husband blinked unsteadily at her, the
glow from the lamp throwing into strong
relief the shadowy hollows that dissipa-
tion leaves on the face. ’

“Hullo Bess," he said a little thickly,
“waiting for me? That's mighty good of
you. I’m about all in—pretty good time
tonight at the club. How’d you like the
parson’s sermon?” he rambled on, yawn-
ing and rubbing his puffed face. “S'pose
you’ll be wanting to join the mission-
aries now?” A very slight sneer echoed
in his tone. “\Vell, I’m pretty much
all in.”

As he came to take her in his arms her
whole soul rose in revolt and she slipped
from his grasp. He looked at her oddly
a moment, muttered something to him-
self. and loafed out of the room.

Sitting still and rigid in her room she
listened to him preparing to retire, swear-
ing once gutterally at his man. Then
she drew her fingers, tight about the
sudden ache in her throat: for him to
touch her would have been sacrilege. The
forces that had been rending her converg-
ed, and she was at the crossroad in the
valley whence the mountain path and
the valley road start. .

“I will go.” she half sobbed, half whis-

pered to herself. “I will go to him, and
he shall take me—forgive~—take« me back
—-—I want to be happy again—" Then

she paused under the shoek of a thought
she had never permitted herself to con-
sider—“If he won't, I shall free myself.”

It was almost a cry of triumphant
sounding in her heart, but it was sharp-
ly stilled as from the cot near her bed
came the soft long—drawn, sleepy stgh
of her child. A heavy stillness fell upon
her. Her mind dropped from its high
pitch of intense thought.

The girl's dark head moved on the pil-
low and came under the mellow reflection
of the low burning night lamp,

She clenched her hands in anguish.
From over the years memory came with
dreams; in swii‘t procession the days of
her girlhood sped before her; the time,
of the making of the great decision, and
the results that followed. Dimly in her
mind formed the vow that she would live
to teach her child, speeding to woman-
hood with swift feet, to make her de~
cislon rightly; she would live her life as
she must for the sake of her little one;

to do so would mean for her the silent

enduring of things against which she re-

volted, the relinquishment of the happi-

ness that might be hers; she would face
(Continued on page 381).'

   
  
    

 

 


 
  

 

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

THE MICHI

THE COUNTRY AND THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES.

 

(Continued from page 375).
right to their lands; nearly all of the
tenants work the land on shares, only
about two per cent paying cash rent.
Rice Growing.

San Mateo is the center of the valley,
which is almost exclusively a rice grow-
ing section. However, more or less rice
——known by the natives as l’alay or
Bigas—is grown in practically every ag-
ricultural section from the lowlands to

the mountain terraces. The principal
rice—growing provinces are Pangasinan,

Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija north of Manila
and Capiz in northern Panay. There are

with banners on them to indicate their
fields; the harvesters take their guitars
and mandolins with them to their work
and one plays while the others work; oc—
casionally they all sing, and the moonlit
evenings are always filled with music.
dancing and good cheer. The time and
number of harveSts vary with the sea-
sons and in different parts of the Is-
lands. The farmers beat the grain from
the stalks or tread it out with horses or
carabao; threshed rice is cleaned by
passing it to and fro from one basket to
another in a breeze, or sometimes with
a crude sort of fanning mill. Average

t
l

GAN‘ FARMER

which are more profitable has increased.
During the fiscal year 1912 the Islands
imported over 286,000 tons, valued at $10,-
570,000.

Corn Growing.

Corn and rice are the great food crops
of the Islands. Corn is not raised for
feeding live stock as in the ir'nited States,
and none is exported. The principal corn
growing provinces are Cebu. Bohol,
Leyte, Occidental Negros and Pangzisi-
nan. In 1902 the area planted to corn
was more than three times that planted
to tobacco, 50 per cent more than that
planted to sugar cane, and in twenty
provinces corn was the second crop. ~In
Cebu, Bohol and Leyte corn is preferred

 

17—37 7 "

are grown every year and often a. third.
There are only four varieties of white
corn and one of yellow, While the dark
colored varieties represent all shades be-
tween red and black. All may be class-
ed as “nubbins” and the best yields are
2.3 bUShels per acre, while the average is
leSs than half that amount.

Cocoruuts.

Next to rice and com the most com-
mon agricultural product is coconuts. The
principal coconut—producing province is
Tyabas on the east coast 0f Luzon; fol-
lowing it are Laguna. C‘apiz, Samar, Ce-
bu and southern Mindanao. The number
of trees reported is 1010 was 32,800,000
with 22,000,000 in bearing. From San

 

 

“On either side we see men cutting Zacale, which is the principal forage crop

for both horses and cattle."

many varieties of both lowland and high—
land rice, awned and awnless. .\n in-
vestigation in Nueva Ecija showed that
over 90 varieties were grown in that
province; it is difficult to say how many
varieties there are. for when the names
have been scientifically classified the
number will be greatly reduced.

()n the lowlands where the water is
under control semillero or seed beds are
prepared at the beginning of the rainy
season; they are usually made in strips
eight to nine feet in width; when the
plants are about 18 inches high they are
pulled, the earth washed out of them,
and they are tied into bundles aboat the
size of one's wriSt'. \Vhile these have
been growing, in July or August, the
farmer with his Chinese plow plows the
field two or three times and then turns on
the water; the fields are surrounded with
pilapiles—small dikes or banks to hold
the water; after the water has been
turned on the tields are harrowed two or
three times with a wooden harrow, very
much resembling a Michigan corn marker
with about twice as many teeth, which
mixes the soil with the water. \Vhen
ready for planting the farmer‘s whole
family goes into the field, the bundles of
plants are scattered broadcast, each one
taking a bundle and, one by one, setting
the plants in the moist earth from four
to six inches apart.

Again in October or November. de-
pending upon the season, the farmer‘s
family goes into the field; each carries a
short blade attached to a small piece of
wood about the size of a husking peg,
with which from one to four stalks are

 

 

 

“In the north, rice cures in small stacks until time for threshing”

 

mat.

 

 

A Tvpical Palm Drive on the Island of Jolo,

 

 

 

 

 

Preparing to Float Coconuts down the

gathered at a time. These are tied into
small bundles and throwu in piles, to be
gathered later in a canga or sled. In the
south the crop is stored in the houses or
set in small shocks, while in the north
it cures in small stacks until time for
threshing. Harvesting is usually done on
Shares, about one-fifth going to the har-
vester; it is therefor a time of joy and
plenty; different families put up poles

\

 

 

Rivers in Rafts.

rice land in Pangasinan produces from 15
to 20 bushels per acre. There are sev-
eral kinds of dry-season rice,- which are
usually planted early in February and
harvested in May; the yield of this is
rarely more than five to 10 bushels per
acre. Formerly the Philippines exported
rice, but as it is raised almost every-
where in the Far East its production has
decreased as the production of crops

Mateo we return to Pasig on the railroad,
take one of the lake. steamers to Santa
(“rim the provincial capital of Laguna
province. then go on horseback to Mag-
tltllt'llfl, LiliO and San Pablo, n town of
about 25.000 inhabitants which derives
in'actically all of its wraith from the sur-
rounding coconut grow-s,

Coconut trees begin to hear when they
are seven years old. The nuts are not
harvested at stated seasons but every
three or four months: the harvesting is
done with a sharp hoolwd knife attached
to a long; slender lléillllvtiti pole, or by a.

lllzlil who .limhs the raw-us and cuts the
fruit stalks with a sharp knife; the nuts
til'o ('Illlt‘t'lt‘tl in pills t.nd.-r the trees and

soillt‘tillit-s husktd lt’fiil‘r' being taken
from the groves; they are carried by
pack-horses, sleds or (arts to the small
factories on the. hill», or tloated down
the rivers in rafts. ’l‘he nuts are huskcd
by means of a poinicd iron instrument,
usually a plow—point iixcd to a three-
lcggcd stand; they art :‘non easily halved
hr :1 qlllt‘k blow with a dull holo. For
drying, :1 shelter is liillli (Ni-r a rectangu-
lar ho‘o from three to siw’vll feet wide,
about three feet deep, and as long as de-
small arr laid parallel to
(‘ilt'll other shtlter, leaving
small spawns between the)“; the nuts are
p‘acod on those poles and it takes about
two days to dry them. t‘mce dried the
meat is easily removed with a thin,
chisel-shaped curved knife projecting from
the front of a seat; after a little more
drying the cOpra is ready for sacking and
to be sent to market. Any day hundreds
of pack—horses, loaded with sacks of cop-

sin-«l; poles

{it"l'HSS ilw

 

 

Typical Mill for Crushing Sugar Cane used by Small Farmer.

to rice for food, and in other provinces it
takes the place of rice in years when
that crop is short. The farmers plant
corn anywhere—on the hillsides or in dry
river bottoms. They know nothing of
seed selection, seed testing or crop rota-
tion, and much less about preparation of
the soil, too close planting, cultivation
and care of the crop. In Cebu, the larg-
est corn-producing province, two crops

ra. may be seen coming into town from
all directions; it is sold to dealers, who
in turn load it into car‘abao carts which
take it to Laguna de Bay where it is
transferred to steamers for Manila. Most
of the Philippine copra is shipped to Mar-
seilles for the European market.

An expert from the Bureau~of Agricul-
ture visited this section in 1911 and af-
ter a careful investigation stated that

 


if
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,,

i

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. --,..._,_,,.

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.._y.v: A

"1.4. :1 Sail’n-Zotu-Jré. a. K... 7.

 

  

l:
f:

    
 
  

  

Shirley
President

 
  

The adiuslahlo back overcomrs
every drawback common to ordi-
nry aspen
Light. Medium 'or 'Extro

1 Heavy Extra lengths for .
1 all men. Signed guarantee
' on each ir.

Price 5 con ts. my dealer
or the factory.
The G. A. Edgarion Mia. 60.
fll Main st. Shirley, lass.

 
       
   
       
     
 
    
 

 

 

GUARANTEE

If not su—
perior to any
other $5 Razor
the purchase
price 25c will
be refunded if
returned in 30
days.

ROBERT D. BROWN ,
i 107 Bergen Street. Brooklyn, N.Y.

$35m$75 WEEKLY 111 A
BUSINESS or YOUR own

 

 

 

 

 

 
     

We need a man—Farmer' so son preferred—to
andle household necessities always in use, m-
tory is free—work profitable, steady and healthful.

No Experience Necessary FREE
If you are ambitious for a business all your oysn write
for our plan—_we will explain everything in detail.
many are making money every week under our

direction and plans of odern Merchandising. You
can do the same—this is your opportunity—take ad-

vantage of it—write today.
. KOCH V1.00

101m
1301: H
‘ Winona. Minn.

  
 
   
 

 

FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS IN

The Nation’s
Garden Spot-

m'l' GREAT FRUIT and TRUCK
GROWING SECTION—
along the

Atlantic Coast Line

RAILROAD

in Virginia, North and South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama end Florida. write to
WlLllUR McCOY. E. N CLARK,
A. 611 Agt. for Florida. A. ($1 Act. for Vuginin
Alabama Georgia. and the Carolinas,
Jacksonville F.la Wilmington. h'. C'

 

 

 

 

 

Slop Pitching Hav—Hoisi it

Don't break your back lifting. Put. your engine to work.
Let. it save you time and earn money driving In

Ireland Hols!
Saves one man and two horses. Strong,
heavy, durable fully guaranteed. We :1-
so build Drag Bowl, Wood Saws Shin-
gle Mills, Saw mills. Semi for literature.

d

    
 
    

 

0.,

In: no a
33 Blots St, Norwich, N. Y.

 

 
 

Stee‘ Back
5 av e ‘l 0“ R

Save dun—live repairs.
Don't rut roads or fields. Send . odsy for free
lilostrotod comics of wheels and wagons.
Me “on! Co” 35 III- 8... Quincy, III.

   
     
  
   

 

Glinm Bimi—laauiadum ll Consumer

and steal: assortment of FINE
(S‘avo HINmo’lDySE 18R )1. Vi rite for-D our nowgean
of selling Chfmber Bots. Toilet Bets to. Dinner ts,
Breakfast astSots. diluent from homo stocks. none but,
thobost. J. FREE SMITH. WIonia 8t. Lansing. Mi ch.

[10 YOU NEED FARM HELP?

We hove on our lid; 3 numboro!
obtsin employment on toms. flurry of then“ are
without experience, but they are able- bodied and
willi tower-k. If «noun make use of such help
writen’or an order b out. We ore s philanthropic
emulation whose object is to assist and enooun
the Jews to become formers. We charge no 00111111 5-
sion to employer or em loyee. Address

cavern no! of Agricultural
and 111th al Aid Society of New York. 704
W. 12th. street. Chicago. I] .

ANTED FOR. U. 8. ARMY—Able- bodied. un-

g Ulnar-1'113113113531.o bemn cahsos Die 18 311135;; citizens

arm 1' an on are e

gpbiiils. who gun k. rigid 3nd Pita till; 33::
rm on app y 90'“

“m2 Griswold0 Street, Detroit. Ml ch” Heaven-

 

B ock.81naw. Mich” ht nnd Suinuv 8‘: ts.
idling Mich- 1W1»: 11.11; Stree Jackson. 115?: .
Huron t Gus! Stroets. Port umn. M iohigan.

 

ITI'ELWOET BECOME THE ORONY of sentie-
1133;11:0an in clean sooiwoty. bozo conno-

ti obsooo habit. riot art
Wig” 3%: 9%39911 Import Highlwnnd Falls. [£1

PATENT

My ULFee $20

Ilium ULSMtZlBEcutkk J

.q— ....‘ ,

«ry- m

TH E M 1 CH to A N .F'A'RjM‘jE R-

the planters were getting only so to 40
per cent .of what the income should be
from their plantations. The principal rea-
sons are- too Close planting, improper care
of‘the plantations, and not mulching the
trees; the smoke to which the meat is
exposed while drying starts a mould
which spoils considerable of the copra
while in transit and before it is convert-
ed in the factories. The copra exports
for 1912 were over 186,000 tons, valued at
over $16,500,000.
Manila Hemp.

From San Pablo we continue with our
horses to Lucena 011 the south coast of
Luzon and take a steamer to Sorsogon
and the hemp country. Sorgoson 1's typ-
ically tropical; there is no finer drive
than that from Sorgoson to Bacon
through tropical forests and hemp fields,
where the giant hardwoods are hung
with aeroids, ferns, mOSS and orchids
which sway in the sea. breezes. The crop

 

 

except when they are in fruit;

by which the Philippines are best known
in this country is Manila hemp—known
by the natives as Abaca. Exports of
hemp have made the Islands known the
world over, The largest producer of hemp
in 1910 was the island of Leyte; it
amounted to about 42,000 tons; it was
followed closely by the provinces of south-
eastern Luzon, MaSbate, Samar, Oriental
Negros and southern Mindanao. The ba-
nana so closely resembles the abaca
plant that it is difficult to tell them apart
strictly
speaking, abaca does not belong to the
hemp family. ‘While there are about 14
different varieties, only about five of
them can be considered desirable for the
hemp planter to raise. The plant requires
a. soil of rich mellow loam, preferably of
volcanic origin, containing a large amount
of decayed vegetable matter which is
cool and moist, abundant rainfall and
good drainage. The plants are propa-
gated by rootstOcks and shoots or suck-
ers planted 10 to 12 feet apart, allowing
350 to 500 plants per acre. The stalks
are from seven to 20 feet tall and vary
from, six to 16 inches in circumference at
the base.

Only two to four stalks can be harvest-
ed at. :1 time. and the young stalks “are
not cut until they are from two to two
and a half years old; after the first har-
vcst subSequent cuttings may be made
every four to six months; the leaves are
first trimmed off at the top, then the
stalk is cut with a boil) or knife with a
sharp blade, close to the ground and at
an angle so that the water will not col-
lect and rot the stump. After the stalks
have been felled they are carried to the
shed where the sheaths are stripped off,
split in halves or quarters and laid in
Mink: ready for the stripper to extract
tho fiber. Stripping is the crudest sort
of process; a strip is simply drawn un—
der a dull knife which operates like a
lover under the tension of a Spring, hold-
ing the pulp and waste back while the
stripper pulls the fiber out by hand.

The fiber increaSes in whiteness and
softness from the outside to the inside
shcaths; a, stalk produces two and one-
hzilf to five pounds of dry fiber, from
seven to 18 feet in length. The average
yield per acre does not exceed 350
pounds, while a good yield should give
the planter from.800 to 1.200 pounds; in
some instances double this amount can
be obtained. Softness, color and strength
are the qualities usually considered in
grading, and there are more than a doz-
en grades of fiber on the market. The
best fiber is silver white and soft; the
most of it is shipped to Europe while the
remainder is used to make native cloths
known as sinamay and tinnmpipi from
which the jackets of the men and the
waiSts of the women are made. The
colored fiber which we see in this coun-
try is the result of incomplete or poor
stripping, when some of the pulp adheres
to the fiber, or it has been exposed to
rain and the elements, or treated with
oil. At least five or six grades should not
exist, as they are the result of the shift-
less work of the planters or the money-
making efforts of the dealers. Four or
five stripping machines have been placed
on the market but none of them are in
general use and practically all of the
fiber is extracted by hand. Nearly one—
third of all the money that came into the
Islands during the last fiscal year was in
payment for Abaoa or Manila hemp.

Sugar Cane.
Recently the question of the production
and the free admission of Philippine sug-
ar to the markets of this country has
attracted considerable attention. From
Sorsogon we take 3. Coast Guard steamer
to Cebu. and 110110, which is the sugar
center, of the Islands. Fromllollo we
will take one of the small sugar steamers
or launches to Bacolod, or Silay. the prin-

 

cipal ports of western Negros. The com-
paratively level lands on the west side
of this island. like those in northern Nue-
var Ecija, remind us of the prairies in the
Mississippi erer valley. Sugar cane was
probably introduced into the Philippines
from Java or" China. There are many
varieties of cane but very few are grown
on the haciendas, the latter are common-
ly known as purple, red, white and strip-
ed. Planting takes place in November,
December and January, at the same time
as the harvesting and crushing. In Pam-
pnnga planting takes place every year,
but in Negros only once in five, six, sev-
en or even ten yours; each year a raioon
crop, which grows from the underground
stems of the cut cane, is harvested. It
takes the first planting 14 months and
sometimes more to mature, but the rat-
'Oon crops usually mature within a. year.
The province of Occidental Negros leads
in the production of sugar, with over
67.700 tons in 1910; following it are the
southeastern half of Pansy, Batangas
north of Mindoro in Luzon, Bulacan, Pam-
panga and Tarlac north of Manila, and
the northwest coast of Luzon; consider-
able sugar is produced in Oriental Negros.
Cebu and on the west coast of Panay;
some cane is raised for home cousump—
tion in almost every province. In 1908
the declarations of the sugar growers to
government agents showed that the area.
of land planted to sugar cane was 168,—
362 acres, and the land adapted to sugar
growing and not planted was 250,290
acres. The superintendent of the San
Jose Estate, which has the only up—to-
dale sugar mill and refinery in the Is-
lands, has observed that Philippine
planters do not plow deep enough; they
plant the cane too close, give infilifficieut
attention to cultivating the growing crop,
and over-crop the land; Philippine mills
extraCL only about 60 per cent of the
juice from the cane; the juice is boiled
down in the open instead of under a
vacuum, and the recovery is probably
much less than 75 per cent, while in
modern mills 90 per cent of the sucrose
contained in the juice is obtained. The
‘sugar and hemp industries have been de-
veloped largely by English and American
capital. The exports of raw sugar for
the fiscal year 1912 amounted to over
204.600 tons, or nearly 21 per cent of the
total exports of the islands.

Tobacco Growing.

The other great crop of the islands is
tobacco. The Philippines are well known
in Europe for their coconut, hemp and
tobacco products. To understand this
latter induStry we must return by steam-
er to Manila; from Manila, we can travel
on the railroad through the l’ampanga
and Agno river valleys to Dagupun and
then on horseback up the coast to LleEIg
where we can take a. steamer; Or take a.
steamer direct from Manila to Aparri,
and visit the Cagayan valley. The 10-
bacco belt forms a sort of ribbon along
both sides of the Cagayan river. The
development of tobacco growing is due
largely to the efforts of the Spunish gov-
ernment; from 1781 to 1882 tobacco grow-
ing and selling was a. government monop-

MARCH 22, 1913.

oiy. The principal tobacco-producing
province is Isabela, the south end of the
Cagayan valley. which in 1910 produced
nearly 9,000 tons; it is followed by Ca-
gayan, the north end or the’ valley, Pan-
gasinau pnd Cebu; considerable tobacco
is raised on the iSlands of Negros and
Funny and along the northwestern slopes
of Luzon. There are several types of
tobacco grown, and from eight to 12 are
frequently found in a single field; the
more common ones are known as Espada,
Americano or Habana and Isabela. The
seed beds are usually sown in July and
August, and transplanting takes place in
September and October, after from 45
lo 60 days; in about 10 weeks the tobacco
should be ready for harvest; after this
the curing takes from, 15 to 30 days, de-
pending on the place and the weather;
very few of the native farmers have cur-
ing sheds. In 1910 the area cultivated
was about 134,000 acres, and the average
production per acre in the best prov-
inces ranged from 300 to 570 pounds,
while the total production of the islands
Was about 29,600 tons.
Lesser Crops.

Beside the crops for which the islands
are known the world over, there is a
great variety of products of which little
is known abroad but which add greatly to
the pleasure of living in the country.
Maguey, the century plant. which is sec-
ond to abaca for its fiber, is raised in
many provinces; it is more hardy than
hemp and will grow on hillsides and well
drained places. Kapok (tree cotton), re-
scmbling sea island but of much shorter
staple, grows in all parts of the country;
it is used for pillows and cushions, and
much of it is shipped to Holland. Camio.
a small tree which is scattered over the
Southern islands, bears large pods, the
seeds or beans of which are used to
make our chocolate and cocoa. Cassava,
known as Camoting cahoy, grows mostly
in the southern islands and its roots fur-
nish the starch from which our tapioca,
pudding; and desserts are made. Coffee,
Arabian and Liberian, is raised; it is
found in the provinces of L‘epanto-Bon—
toc. Cavite. Balangas, Negros and Min-
danao. Peanuts are grown in different
parts of the country as a forage. In
Negros and Pangasinan some attention
has been given to raising silkworms.
Rubber has been planted, especially in
those districts parallel to the great rub-
ber plantations of the Malay Peninsula.
The Ilang ilang tree, which grows in the
provinces around Manila, bears flowers
from which a pOpular perfume is dis-
tilled. Cloves and spices are found in
Mindanao in the neighborhood of the
spice islands of the Dutch East Indies.
Tropic-:11 fruits, in abundance, ale found
in almost all parts of the country. Ba-
nanas grow everywhere in great variety;
the principal orange orchards are between
Laguua de pay and Tual volcano; pine-
apples are grown in Several provinces
near Manila Bay; breadfi'uit, mangoes.
guavas, papayas and chicos grow every-
where, and guava jelly is as common as
apple jelly at home; lemons, limes, and

(Continued on page 387).

 

BRAMBLE HIL

By ROBERT CARLTON BROWN.’

(Book Rights Reserved by the Author.)

Sid had arrived. He- had won the
town’s respect by his deal with the rail—
road. He had even conquered Sam Dun—
lap and commanded his rmpect. Ed’s
reference to the Bramble Hill offer was
not spontaneous; it had been used as an
illustration in Turtle Creek for some
time past. With Sam Dunlap won over,
it didn’t take Aloisious Sl‘impson long to
realize that Sid was becoming an im-
portant factor in the town and that it:
would be foolish not to support: him. in
View of what he had achieved. So he
was next after Dunlap to admit openly
that Sid Edgeworth had proved himself
to be worth while.

Sid had fought for every inch of suc-
cess he had gained. He was so sooner
home from Chicago with his large check
than he went over to Bayview and had
a ion-g conference with the cashier of
the principal bank there.

In that interview the cashier happened
to speak casually of the fact, that farm-
'ers in Dakota were paying ten per cent
interest on mortgages. He said the mort-
gages were hard 'to get in the middle
west, but Sid determined to find out
about that for himself. He, wasn’t sat-
isfied with five per cent investments and
yet he was wise enough not to be inter-

ested in oil wells or mines. He liked the
sound of that Dakota. mortgage proposi-
tion. If there were any loans'to be made
at ten per cent he wanted to know
about it.

So two days later he left Doodle and
took a train from Chicago to Sioux Falls.
He was back in Turtle Creek six days
later, with just a day's margin left from
his two weeks’ absence allowed for that
year. He had managed to invest his en—
tire fifty thousand dollars in mortgages
at ten per cent and conSIdered it had
been a good stroke of business. He had
looked over the land himself and was
certain that the investment was sound.
the only cause for such a high rate of
interest being the scarcity of money in
the Dakotas and the number of poor
farmers Whose only prospects were the
season's craps.

Sid went to the cashier of the bank at
Bayview and convinced him that the land
mortgages were safe investments which
other banks were buying. As a result a.
small company was formed to handle ad-
ditional mortgages of the same nature.
Sid was made vice-president of the com-
pany and he worked hard with the rest
in selling the mortgages on commission.
As a result of that idea, he cleared eight

  

 

 

 

l
!

 

 


 

 

 

 

!

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

hundred dollars from commissions in the
first year and five thOusand dollars in-
terest on his fifty thousand.

Not bad for' a year‘s work! But that
wasn’t all. Sid had blossomed into a
business man. He wasn’t satisfied with
one line of work. -One day in winter a
friend of Doodle’s motored out from Chi-
cago to see them, for Doodle had stayed
right on with Sid. To a casual observer
it looked very much as though he stayed
because Susan Dunlap was there.

As a result of this friend’s visit Sid got
a. second idea. .

“You’ve enough limestone here to make
calcium for all the acetylene lamps in
existence,” remarked the friend, as he
made a tour of inspection of the farm.

That served as a suggestion to Sid. He
asked a few questions and sent Doodle
to Chicago to make further inquiries.
Each time Doodle suggested returning
to New York Sid begged him to stay and
be his business messenger, for it was im-
possible for Sid to leave Turtle Creek
again that year, having used up the last
day of his vacation allowance fixed by
the will.

Doodle came back with the data Sid
desired and, as soon as spring allowed,
Sid built a plant on his land and began
turning out calcium carbide by the bar-
rel. He had interested the Bayview bank
cashier in the scheme and the cashier
had interested Sam Dunlap. So when
the company was finally formed Dunlap
was a member. Through their association
in business Dunlap came to respect Sid
and it was at this time he made the sen-
sational offer that he would give Bramble
Hill to the man who married his adopted
daughter. Of course, he didn’t make the
offer publicly; Stimpson and Lafe Turner
attended to that.

The manufacture of
proving a success, Sid
thoughts to something new.
i At about this time he wrote Jerusha,
who hadn‘t been back to Turtle Creek
since her father‘s death and was then
traveling in the south with Aunty Rai-
mer, “I think I’ve been inoculated with
the virus of action by you. Since I got
into the habit of thinking straight. ahead,
and since I’ve learned how much I love
money I’ve been working every minute.
Everything seems to turn to money when
I touch it. I’m not a Midas yet and I
never will be if I succeed in satisfying
the terms of that will. Just think! It’s
three years that have slipped by since
I have been here. I had only about six
thousand dollars from farm rents to show
for the first two years. Then that bless-
ed railroad came through, and luck and
bluff brought me the fifty thousand. That
will earn ten thousand by itself in two
years at the amount of interest I had
sense enough to go after and get. That’s
sixty—six thousand toward the will. Fig—
ure another thousand from what rents
we still get from the farm and the profits
Hornbill will make, then a thousand from
the investment company the cashier in
Bayview started, and—~"

At that point in the letter Sid’s pen
stumbled in its eagerness and left an
unsightly blot. ln searching for a blot-
ter he found a cheap magazine on his
desk and, in the absence of anything
better, tore out several of the pages,
hoping to soak up the blot with the rough
edges of the cheap porous paper. As he
tore it off his eye caught an advertise—
ment, “Money in Concrete Blocks.”

calcium carbide
turned his

There was the idea he had wanted for
a great while. The chemist hired to run
the factory for turning out calcium car—
bide- had tested the limestone rock on
the farm, Bramble Hill, and many sur-
rounding out—croppings, and had found
deposits that would make good cement.
It Contained just the. right amount of
lime and other materials and closely rc—
sembled Portland cement rock. Sid had
thought much about the discovery and
had sent Doodle, again to Chicago to find
out something about the lniSiness. Dood-
le had learned that the first thing neces—
sary would be a great tiring kiln that
would cost several thousand dollars. Sid
figured that he would have to organize
a company with large capital to handle
such a deal, for a big factory would have
to be built.

Now the thought of concrete blocks
came to him forcibly. That was a bigger
business with less competition and he
could make a good profit by making his
own cement. He hurried over to Bay-
view and talked about the new idea at
great length with the bank cashier. As
a result a big company was formed to
build a factory on the Edgeworth farm
and buy the ground containing the lime—
stone and Bramble Hill.

As soon as the company was organ-

1 » mum, t "r. .

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

?

 

 

 

 

No-Rim-Cut Tires,
10% Oversize

 

 

this year will be equipped
year tires.

0

/ It is well to ask what led to this
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There must lie, somewhere, some
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And the result is this:

In the past year alone,more Good-
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, Two Savings

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The other is the fact that these
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That 10% oversize, under average

At the New York Show, nearly half

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What Led to This Condition?

Nearly Half the New Cars
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Nearly half the cars which are built

with Good-

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And far more cars are now running
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You can see why these tires can’t
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Then this tire, remember, is the
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About 2,000,000 Goodyear tires
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You who pay tire bills should find
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Write for the Goodyear Tire Book
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Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont—Canadian Factory, Bowmanville. Ont.

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4______—__i

 

 

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88‘

Don’t Trust Wholly to' Printed Descriptions

Don’t trust to a printed description in buying a. range. because a very glowing description

can be given of a very ordinary range.

before investing your money in any range, to go to some dealer who handles them - -
fully compare, point. for point, with any other—the and care

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If you are considering a new range, it; will pay you,

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MAJESTIC - J
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The Telescope of Speech

any person within the range of
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E

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from “toning. No -

 

 

 

   
    
    
  
  

 
       
 
 
   

 
   

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GUARANTEE 511th 00.3%; costumes 15.. Detroit. Mich.

 

 

lease state that

—When Writing to advertisers
ichigan‘ Fat-meni

5 you saw their ad. in The

THE MICHIGAN’FARMER'

lzed Sid started building the factory. He
was business manager for the new com-
pany and had invested some of his earn-
ings in it, beside the price he received
from the company for the land.

This was the factory to which Stimpson
referred that crisp fall morning when
Sid ran up the steps to Niles Pash's
store to lay in provisions for his work-
men.

The concrete block company was sure
to succeed. They had the stone for the
cement, a railroad siding already built
to their factory, 21nd influential backers.
including Sam Dunlap, the Bayview bank
and Mr. Hartley, the new railroad pres—
ident. whom Sid had interested personally
in the proposed company.

A month before Sid’s four years in
Turtle Creek were to end. Jerusha \Vat-
ties came back with Aunty Raimcr to
visit Turtle Creek and view the marvels
about which Sid and Doodle had written.
She hadn’t been in town three hours be-
fore Doodle had found a minute with her
alone and taken advantage of his oppor~

tunity to propose. She refused him.
though she did compliment him on his
physical and mental improvement. As

messenger for Sid he had been quite ac-
tive. and it showed in his face.

Doodle was horribly disappointed' at
being turned down. He felt so badly
about it that he'hurried over to Susan
Dunlap that evening and asked for sym-

pathy. She was ready with it and
Doodle was so charmed with her condol-
euce that he began to believe it was
Susan herself he really loved. During

the following two weeks he saw very lit-
tle of Sid and Jerusha, who were con-
stantly together. He had gone to Susan
Dunlap in despair and stayed to be over-
joyed shortly by the great good news
that she loved him and not Harold Ewer;
that she bud never loved Harold, and how
could he have imagined it!

Doodle hzid invested some of his own
money in the cement block manufactur—
ing business and was beginning to con-
sider himself a resident, of Turtle Creek.
His good nature and foolishness had won
a place for him with the young people
and he had grown to like the town and
even to take a sneaking interest in work-
ing in the office of the factory for two
or three hours four days a week.

Jerushn had opened up the little cot-
tage and she and Aunty Raimer were
staying together there. \thn she-had
first returned, Jim Rogers had written
her a long letter telling her that he lov-
ed :1 certain girl, whom he described
rather minutely, and asking her advice
as to whether he should propose to this
girl by mail or not. Jerusha advised him
that distance lent enchantment and he
had better wait until he saw the certain
girl again before he made sure that he
did want to marry her. She positively
refused to note the similarity between
Jim’s description of the certain girl and
the facts which her own mirror pointed
out to her. The next time Jim saw Je-
rusha there were certain reasons why he
didn’t refer to this certain girl he had
been in love with. It is not recorded
who the girl was, for Jim was never
wedded to anybody, though he and bus-
iness were always seen together.

As for Sid. Just the evening before
his four years in Turtle Creek wore to
end he hurried over to the \Vattles cot-
tage- with a neat slip of paper in his
hand. He had snatched it up unblotted
from the table where he had been fig-
uring and rushed off to find Jerusha. She
was hocing a rank patch in the weed-
choked garden. Sid took the hoe from
her hands and placed the slip of paper in
its place. Then he drew her toward the
old well and they sat down together on
the damp boards. 0

Her eyes shone as she scanned
sheet before her.

“It’s my account to Show Newt Plum
tomorrow.” said Sid proudly. “I’ve never
been happier.”

She read the figures:

Profits from Edgeworth Farm during the

four years ending August tenth.

Rentals, produce, profit on Old

Settlers’ reunions, etc ........ $ 9,814.75
Price paid by railroad for right

of way, land for siding, and

injunction idea.
Interest on same $50,000 at 10
per cent for 22 months ......
Profit paid first year by mort~
gage handling company organ-
ized ..........................
Profit from mortgage company,
second year .................
Profits from calcium carbide
company for 18 months, to
date .........................
Vhlue of stock held by Edge-
worth Estate in calcium car—
bide company. stock interest
given in exchange for land
and services in organizing and

the

50,000.00
8,333.33

800.00
1,045.00

2,287.00

 

 

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management
Value of stock held by Edge-
worth Estate in cement block
factory, stock interest given in
quarry, organizing services,
water power from creek. etc.
exchange for factory site,

Total , . . . ..... . . $100,280.08

“Splendid!” cried Jerusha.

"And I owe it all to you," said Sid
earnestly.

“Nonsense.”

“I do.” he went on in an even tone.
“You did it all; You made me realize
that the chief joy in life is found in ac-
complishing things—first with that Old
Settlers‘ Reunion‘and finally with the
dam. It all dates from that.”

“But you‘re so silly." she protested.
“You did it all yourself. I Won’t have
you talking like this; why I never even
heard of these calcium and cement fac—
tories until I came home.”

“But you inSpired them. You showed
me the joy of doing.” He threw back his
shoulders and drew a deep breath, turn-
ing his full, firm, tanned face to her.
“Do you notice any change in me?”

20,000.00

.......... I.-

“Since I was back before. Oh, yes!"
she cried.

“But not only then. Since I came
here?” 1

She laughed. “Y‘Vhy, you‘re a different

man altogether.”

“You don’t think I look too weak and
helpless to carry a milk pail or handle a
saw?” he grinned.

“Oh, no. You‘re so different now. You
look so confident.”

“But I'm not." his tone lowered un-
consciously.

“Not confident of what? The future?"

“Yes.”

“You‘re going back to New York. of
course?”

He looked long and directly into her
eyes, then began slowly to speak, “No.

I don’t think I shall go back to New
York. I haven’t any Wish to sit in a.
steam-heated office all day and inhale
Turkish cigarettes. I don’t think I could
smoke them again. I couldn’t go out
with the fellows for a cocktail before
dinner. I’m afraid I’ve become dowdy
and steady and old maidish. But, you
know,” he drew in another deep breath
and his eyes drifted hazily, wistfully,
across the mist—filling meadows. “You
know, at this time of day, when the sun
is going down and the whole world is
sinking with a satisfied sigh into sound
content, I always feel—” his eyes glist-
ened brighter during a short pause.
“\Vell,” he laughed sharply, “I may be
silly and sentimental, but I always feel
like when I was a little boy going to bed
and this whole earth is my bed," be
swept his arm toward the horizon, “and
God is tucking me in with the blanket
of night.”

“Yes, I know what you mean.” Jerusha.
caught her breath and gazed, fascinated,
into the soft-stealing dusk. She went
on with an effort. “But you’ve so much
money now. You can see so much and
learn so much.”

“I know," Sid answered thoughtfully.
“But that’s not my dream. I can do as
much good—more—wiih that money right

here. I don’t know—I seem to belong
here now. llornbill'd miss me. The bees
would get lonesome. I couldn’t go
baa-kw”

“Oh, I’m so glad to hear you say
that!" Jerusha cried. “Don’t you re-
member when you used to rant about
your four—year ‘senlence’; you said you
wriuld be ‘warped, narrow—minded, like

the rest.’ ”
“Yr-s, and how.‘

he cut in with Wist-
ful intonation, “how I worried so much
about the terms of that will and ab-
horred the thought of looking forward to
a quiet married life in Turtle Creek. And
now.” he paused consciously and asked
abruptly, “I suppose you’ll be going off
again soon with Aunty Raimer.”

is nothing

1)

“There much to keep me
hi'll‘e-‘TIOVJ. she inclined her head toward
the humble cottage.

“I hate. to think of your going,"
went on with an effort.

be
“I don't sup-

pose you care, but I’m going :0 be
mighty lonesome without you this time."
“But you have your business. We
shall always be great friends.”

“I know, but ‘friends' doesn’t mean
much. I don’t suppose you care, but I
wish you’d stay in Turtle Creek and

help me just once more. You’ve done so
much for me already I’ve begun to need
you.”

“Come!” she- cried briskly, starting
from the dreamy mood she had slipped
into. “The soft sunset has made you
sentimental. You’re successful. You’ve
achieved. Now you can have everything
you want. You mustn’t weaken now.

...;...,;.’.,,a*§;5.. - .94.; .,...,.., __.a,,,..'

 

 

 

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mast: a. 1311'

"valid". ‘

T‘HE- MICHIGAN FARMER‘

 

 

Stay here and be satisfied. You said you
could be.” '. .

“But not alone," he laid landtforwud
eagerly and caught her hands as she
started to rise. “Jerry! Just a minute!
You know what I mean. You must listen.
Don’t pretend you don”! understand that
~_I__”

Both looked up with startled abrupt-
ness as the “hank” of an auto horn warn-
ed them of the approach of a certain
well-known bow-window automobile
through the Edgeworth private road,
starting a chicken from the road at the
edge of the thin grove.

It was already growing dark, but the
twilight did not conceal the identity of
the occupants of that proud car. They
were Doodle and Susan. The twilight
also dimly disclosed the fact that there
was a black patch on the off hind tire.
and the further fact that Doodle had his
arm deliberately draped about Susan
Dunlap’s waist and that her goldcn head

rested on his shoulder as he steered the‘

gasping, grunting vehicle with one hand.
to the terror of all the chickens in the
country ’round.

Jerusha nodded toward the auto and

Casked Sid, “Are you certain? Have you

forgotten that you thought this same
thing before?"

“Oh, it’s different!" he cried harshly,
crushing her hands fervently. “It is so
different with you. I know I love you.
I know I can’t have any real happiness
until you consent to marry me and stay
right here on the old farm. VVe’ll build
a new house, a garage and—"

“But are you sure?" she cried in a
frightened tone, staring through the
evening mist after the auto. “You
thought you were in love before."

“I know it‘s the real thing now,” he
cried. “You must see it. I told you I
doubted my feelings for Susan because I
couldn’t propose to her. I can tell you
a thousand, a hundred thousand times,
it will always be the. same story. You
nmh‘t marry me. You do believe me.
You will marry me?”

She didn't answer. He released the
pressure on her hand and her fingers
trembled ever so slightly, like the fronds
of a quivering fern.

“You do understand that I love you,”
he cried. “You must! There’s a certain
language of the heart, you taught me
that yourself—an esperanto of the eyes,
The vocabulary is limited to three words.
Look into my eyes. Can’t you read those
words?"

Jerusha looked, Sid clasped her in his
arms and gazed into her fond eyes, read-
ing there the reflcction of those three
words which form the limited vocabulary
of the esperanto of the eyes. ~

THE END.

THE MOUNTAIN PATH,
(Continued from page 376).

a future without hope, a night without
starS.

\Vhen the revulsion came. she sprang
from her chair. No! she could not! she
could not!

Hardly had the wild thought formed
itself in her tortured consciousness when
softly, as though from a great distance,
she heard a wonderfully sweet voice, rich
and deep with the serenity of a great
and sure faith speaking—

“If we have a cross to bear, we should
bear it for the sake of others, for he
who takes upon himself a cross and seeks
to lay it aside but lays it upon another.
Some paths of life are not easy to tread,
but the valley paths never reach the
heights; it is the mountain path that
leads to the sunrise!”

She did not stir; so clear. so distinct
the tones came that it seemed he must
be speaking to her. Her vision cleared.
and she saw the truth no longer darkly.
He would never forgive though she beg
with the pleadings of an anguished heart.
She had taken upon her her cross, when
for wealth and what it WOuid bring she
had given up the priceless things it could
not bring.

The years stretched desolate before her;
she seemed to be looking down a vista.
of unending twilight; then again, softly
insistent, came his words:——“it is the
mountain path that leads to the sun-
rise!”

“Sunrlse!” She started and clasped
her hands. Yes—she would. take the
mOuntain path—the path of sacrifice and
patient suffering for the sake of another.
At the end would be the Sunrise—and he
there!

She buried her face in the downy robe
that covered the sleeping girl. and the
last bitterness went from her heart with
her wistful, sobbing cry: “Richard, Rich-
ard! I hear! I will bear my cross!”

 

' ;_ '“Maé WNW 'a vaf~l~w~...,.M-r. -?.‘”.-*:‘:*'f% .,..,......,,,1.,.,_.,..,, - .... , ,. ,.... . . ,, me— . . .. .....,.‘........,. .,.. ,.

To A LITTLE DRESSMAKER.

BY ALONZ'O RICE.

This’ book will tell you how to make
And fashion dolly‘s clothes,

80 she a walk or drive can take
In finest furbelows. ~\

The fashion changes; best decide
She surely knows all that,

And will expect at Easter-tide
A dainty Easter hat.

Remember youth‘s the time to learn
Good manners to the young;

So teach her to speak proper, Fern,
Or else to hold her tongue.

And these directions follow quick
In springtime or in fall:

\Vhen peevish'rap her with a stick;
\Vhen chilly with a shawl.

And mind her health! I miss my guess,
You’ll worry quite a bit
0 find, when you have. made her dress,
That she has a bad “fit!"

LITTLE FARM FABLES.

 

BY AUNT QUILLIA.
A Clever Dolvt.

A boiling-pot hanging in an old-fash-
ioned fire place once kept a housewife so
busy pouring in water that, quite ex-
hausted, sne at last sat down to rest,
whereupon it began saying that when
steam escaped in such quantities that it
was a sure sign of rain, and advised her
to get in a rack of apples that she had
set out to dry in the sun.

“Yes, rain is coming." chirped red-
breast from a tree near the window, “not
because the pot says so but because the
robins had a grand concert last evening,
and it is an old saying that when robins
sing at sundown it is a sign of rain. Bet-
ter see to your apples, Madam."

“\Vhat does a smutty old pot or a
trifling bird know about the weather?”
quoth Trectoad who had hopped up from
his vine over the spring-house. “I not
only predict ‘storms but I make discover-
ies. My last is that thunder will sour
milk. A thunder—shower is brewing,
good wife. Attend to your apples at once
and if you have any use for sweet cream
you should skim your milk.”

JuSt here a straw that had blown in
from the barnyard whimpered: “I am
the only true meteorologist among you.
I study the currents of air as well as the
clouds, and it has passed into a proverb
that straws show which way the wind
blows. It comes from the east this morn-
ing and a cold miserable storm is due.
Never mind your milk, mistress, but
d0n’t neglect your apples."

A field mouse, hearing the controversy,
now dropped in on his way to the mea-
dow and put in a word. “It doesn't take
much knowledge to foretell rain.” squeak-
ed he. “and any idiot knows which way
the wind blows. but it takes a profound
scientist to predict cold or heat for
months ahead. I can read corn husks
and they tell me that a severe winter is
approaching. You will need those apples,
Madam, when those in the cellar are
frozen.”

“Just so,” confirmed a caterpillar crawl-
ing over the hearth. “As a scientist I
am rated ahead of the field mouse, even.”
The dark streak on my back is so long
and unbrokcn this fall that arctic weath—
er will prevail. You will not only need
those. apples but as many more as you
can dry."

Lastly a jackass thrust his head in at
the door and startled all by a loud bray.
“\Vhile nibbling the grass under the
clothcs-line." bowled he. “I heard all of
your ‘claims to wisdom and more than
ever do I feel my ignorance. I knew
nothing of the laws that govern cold,
heat, or the winds, and as for rain a,
hired man where I once lived said I
didn't know enough to come. in out of it.
Another dcciared I ncvcr knew whether
my place was the pasture or the parlor.
As for the apples and milk I have no
advice, to offer."

“Ha! ha!" shrieked Poll, convulsed with
laughter, “ha! ha! ha! The ass is the
clcverest one among you. “'hile listen-
ing to your foolish wrangling the mis-
tress has allowed the pot to boil dry and
spoil her dinner, whereas Jack has had
a choice one on her apples and, finding the
spring—house open, he has helped himself
to the cream. Besides that, he has ac-
knowledged his ignorance and established
a claim to wisdom for, as the master was
reading last night, ‘An ignorant man who
knows his ignorance knows a great
deal.’ ”

Newed—“Did the grocer have the, nerve
to tell you these eggs were fresh?”

Mrs. Newed—"Yes, dear! I understood
him to say they were right from the in-
cubator.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

There’s Something Beneath the Good ‘
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00D looks built on quality are anent. ,

' That’s why you find all-woo cloth and

. first-class trimmings in every Clothcraft

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CLOTH E 5

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send you a card of introd uction to the nearest dealer, also the
Clothcraft Style Book for Spring and a sample of 5130 Serge.

THE JOSEPH & FEISS COMPANY .
Founded 1846—Oldest Makers of M en's Clothes in America I
623 St. Clair Ave., N. W. Cleveland. Sixth City ’

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At Home anb Elts'eWfi ere

‘ fr“ 9?

 

Some New Domestic Croquet.

 

By Geneva M. Sewell.

In these days of Irish, Macrame and
Filet crechet, everything is trimmed with
some sort of crochet, from hats to hos-
iery. Many women are making money
by doing crochet for others. Of course,
there is a special thread for each sort
of crochet, and each use it is to be put
to, but for one’s own use you may use
any sort of thread you happen to fancy,
as it is often difficult to get the special
threads. If the article is to be made
fer sale it would be better to get the
special thread from some large city store
if your own home shop does not handle it
and is disinclined to order it for you.
Some pretty domestic crochet patterns
follow:

Crochet Medalion.

Ch 6, close in a ring.

First row—Ch 2. put 35 do in the ring,
fasten with a slip st.

Second ltow.wCh 3, 1 do in do of last
row, ch 2, skip 1, 2 dc in next 2 sts,
repeat all around, fasten with slip st.

Third Row.—Ch 6, fasten back with
slip st in 4th ch 1 dc, fasten in top of
2d dc, of last round, ch 3, fasten with
slip st in top of do just made, ch .1.
fasten with slip st in 1st st of ch 4, * 1
dc. in top of next dc, 3 ch, fasten with
slip st in top of dc just made. 1 do in top
of next dc. 2 ch fasten with slip st in
top of dc jufit made, 4 ch fasten with
slip st in 1st st of ch just made, * repeat
between * clear around.

This Irish medalion can be used for
trimming a waist. several may be fast-
ened together into a collar, or for a bag,
or they may be used for towels or pillow
cases.

Diamond Fluted Lace.

Ch 30, turn.

First Row.——10 dc in 10 ch beginning
at the 7th from the hook, ch 5, skip
5, fasten with slip st, ch 5, 5 dc in 1ast
5 of chain 30.

Second Row—3 ch. 4 de in top of 3 do
of last row, ch 5. fasten in center of ch
5 of last row. ch 5, fasten in center of
ch 5. ch 5, skip 1st dc and make 9 dc in
top of 9 dc, 2 ch, 1 do in top of 5 ch,
turn.

Third Row.—5 ch, 8 do in ion of 8 dc
ch 5 fasten in center of ch 5, ch 5, 5 do
in 5 dc, ch 5, fasten, ch 5, skip 1 do, 5
dc in top of dc. turn.

FOurth Row—3 ch, 4 dc in top of dc.
5 ch fasten in 5 ch. 5 ch fasten in let
dc, 5 ch fasten in last de, 5 ch fasten in

ch, fasten in last dc, 5 ch, fasten in 5
ch, 5 ch, skip 1 dc, 5 dc in do, 2 ch, 1
dc in ch 5.

Seventh Row.—5 ch, 4 do in dc, 5 ch.
fasten in 5 ch, 5 do around 5 ch, 5 ch
fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, 5 do around 5 ch,
5 ch fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, 5 dc around 5
ch of last row, 5 ch, fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch,
skip 1 dc, 5 dc in do, turn.

Eighth Row.—3 ch, 3 do in dc, and 1
de in ch, 5 ch, fasten in top of 1st do,
5 ch, fasten in last do, 5 ch, fasten in 5
ch, 5 ch, fasten in 1st dc, 5 ch, fasten in
last dc, 5 ch, fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, 1 dc
in ch and 4 de in dc, 2 ch, 1 do in 5 ch.
turn. ‘

Ninth Down—5 ch, 6 do in dc and Ch,
5 ch, fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, 5 dc, fasten
around 5 ch, 5 ch, fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, 5
dc around 5 ch, 5 ch, 5 dc in ch and dc,
turn.

Tenth Row.~—3 ch. 4 do in do and ch.
5 ch, fasten in lst dc, 5 ch, fasten in
last dc, 5 ch fasten in ist dc, 5 ch fast-
en in last do, 5 ch, 7 do in 1 ch and dc,
turn.

Eleventh Row—5 ch, 8 do in do and

Needs ,

 

 

 

 

 

&

5 dc on do and ch, 5 ch,'fasten in center
of 5 dc, 3 5 ch, fasten in 5 ch, * repeat
twice, 2 ch, 1 dc in end st.

Third R0w.—7 ch, fasten in 5 ch, * 5
ch, fasten in 5 ch *, repeat, 5 ch, 5 dc.
5 ch, 6 dc, turn.

Fourth Row.—3 ch, 8 dc, 5 ch, 5 dc, *
5 ch, fasten in 5 ch *, repeat twice, 2 ch
1 do in end st. '
Fifth Row—7 ch, fasten, 5 ch, fasten,
ch, 5 dc, 5 ch, 10 do.

Sixth Row.——3 ch, 12 dc, 5 ch, 5 dc, 5
ch, fasten, 5 ch, fasten, 2 ch, 1 dc in
end st, turn.

Seventh Row—7 ch fasten, 5 ch, fast-
en, 5 ch, skip 2 dc, 5 dc, 5 ch, skip 2 dc,
10 dc, turn.

Eighth R0w.—3 ch, 8 de, 5 ch, 5 dc, *

 

C1

5 ch, fasten *, repeat twice, 2 ch, 1 dc
in end st, turn. ,

Ninth Row.—7 ch, fasten, * 5 ch, fast—
en *, repeat, 5 ch, 5 dc, 5 ch, 4 dc, and
then turn.

Tenth Row.—3 ch, 1 dc, 5 ch, 5 dc, * 5
ch, fasten *, repeat 3 times 2 ch, 1 do
in end st.

Eleventh Row.—-7 ch, fasten, * 5 ch,
fasten *, repeat, 5 ch, 5 dc, 5 ch, 4 dc,
turn.

Repeat from second row.

“’hen the lace is long enough put the
edge on by fastening the thread at one
end, * 1 so, 1 dc, 1 tr, 1 dc, 1 so, in the
3 ch at the end, fastening with slip st
between each scallop *. Repeat for the
whole length of the lace.

 

 

When You Select Your Hat.

 

‘ IARIOUS stories have been advanc-
ed as the motive which prompted
Burns to pen those immortal words,
“0, wad some power the giftie gie us,
To see nurse-1f as ithers see us,”
and many of the yarns seem plausible
enrnigh. But I have a theory all my own
which I feel sure is the right one. Burns

 

Diamond Fluted Lace.

ch. 5 ch, fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, 5 dc
around 5 ch, 5 ch. fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch,
5 dc in ch and dc.

Twelfth R0w.—-—3 ch, 4 do in do and ch,
5 ch, fasten in 1st do, 5 ch, fasten in
last dc, 5 ch, 9 do in ch and dc, 2 ch, 1
dc in 5 ch.

Repeat from first row.

This is a beautiful lace for any pur-

 

Torchon Lace.

5 ch, 5 ch skip lst dc. 7 de in top of 7
de, 2 ch. 1 do in 5 ch, turn.

Fifth {own-«5 ch, 6 dc in dc, 5 ch,
fasten in 5 ch. 5 ch, 5 do around 5 ch, 5
ch fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, 5 dc around 5
ch; 5 ch fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, skip lst
dc, 5 dc in dc, turn.

Sixth Row.——3 ch, 4 de in dc, 5 ch,
fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, fasten in lst dc of
last row, 5 ch, fasten in last dc, 5 ch,
fasten in 5 ch, 5 ch, fasten in 1st dc, 5

L—;u..«.:'..rsaa..n,.‘.~,. _ r ... , ;..._M.».......,. .. ...”...m- ~ur~t

pose. If insertion is wished, make both
edges like the tOp one.
Torchon Lace.

Chain 40.

First Row.-Turn, fasten in 10th ch
with slip st, 5 ch, fasten in -5th beyond,
5 ch, fasten in 5th beyond, 3 ch, 5 do in
3 d *- beyond, 5 ch, 5 do in next 5 ch, 5
ch, 2 do in last st of ch, turn.

Second R0w.——3 ch, 4 do 9 2 on do of
last row and 2 on 5 ch, 5 ch, skip 2 dc,

penned those words after he had been
to a millinery store with his wife to help
her select a hat!

For if there is one place more than
another where a woman needs to see
herself in the right perspective and fails
it is when picking out a hat. Otherwise
our eyes would not be pained by the
sights we witness when women are out
On dress parade in all the glory of re-
cently acquired headgear. Such mon-
str0ci1ies as some women purchase could
only be selected by a woman totally
blind to what she really looks like with
the thing on her head.

Her hat, every woman will tell you, is
the hardest thing she has to pick out. A
dress or a. suit doesn’t give her half the
bother, she can almost always quickly
pick out something she likes and that is
becoming. But when it comes to a cha-
peaux, there’s the rub. Color. shape, ma-
terial, trimming, not to mention price,
must all be conSidered, so it is no w0n~
der the average woman is bewildered.

Let the woman who is going to buy a
hat, think well on this. Her hat and hair
are the frame for a picture, her face. in
her face her eyes are the determining
factor. Nature usually is kind enough
to see that her hair and eyes go well
together, and when selecting her hat she
must carry out nature’s plan and see
that the hat does not war with the color
Scheme. Then, as the hat is to he a
frame, let her consider that a frame
which fits well about the face is far
more apt to be becoming than one which
flares back from it. A hat with a brim
turning off the face is rarely becoming
to anyone, while one that fits dOWn snug-
ly, even shades the face a bit on one
side, at least, can be worn by nearly
every woman. Turned-up brims are only
for those whose face is prettier than the

 

Matt‘s“... Wm-” .. flame!” ....n..,.:,.ww, ,..,m..a.,......,

 

.. my , , nor-nu .« 4-" .3

3; gun's. v Min.) ”‘7""W tau ...A ., a. ,v ..v.

hat. They suggest youthful, cherubic
countenances. Yet how often we see a
tired. faded, listless face, surmounted by
a hat with a turned—up brim. And to
further accentuate the plainness of the
face. the, hat is not infrequently pushed
far back on the head. If the same wom-
an wore a small hat which fitted closely
down to her head, and then took time
to pull her hair out in soft iluffs about
her face, it would take off 15 years from
her looks.

Remember, too, that small hats are
best for small women, and large hats
for large women. The woman with a.
small, pinched face may just dote on
picture hats, but they are not for her.
Beneath them her face looks smaller and
thinner. Let her choose a small hat, and
rely on the color and trimming to make
it attractive. Huge hats with large brims
are only for the girl who is large enough
to complete the picture.

The hats this season are unusually sen-
sible, and there is no reason why every-
one should not be well suited. There are
multitudes of tailored hats in fancy braids
and crepe for early wear, and fine straws
in every shape and color for the real
summer Wear. Melrose, that beautiful
tint of red which made its appearance}
in the winter, is much in evidence in the
fine straws, and if the under side of the
brim is faced with black velvet, or some
other good complementary color, every
woman with a fresh face ought to be

 

Crochet Medalion.

able to wear it. There are. black straws,
too, in Milan. chip and hemp, though the
clerks say black will not be as good as
it has been. Navy blues are good, and
browns in every shade. A beautiful col-
or for the woman who can stand it is the
new dove gray. This has a hint of laven-
der, and is just the color of the gray
dove’s feathers. To wear it, though, a
woman needs some color of her own. Let
the sallow, faded woman beware of it.
It is the ideal color for the old lady with
fresh cheeks and ought to be extremely
popular with them.

Tams in straw are very good, and
many are shown in black straw, with
folds of ribbon about the band and one
of those bows which stick out at the side
like a shaving brush. Green, blue and

   

wow u “ W"

 

“so...

 

 

“...:- ...", ~ -

 

 


 

 

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

 
    

fM-not‘4'igo'in’g to
‘ cast as much

  
 
  

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Certain teed

‘1' r1 1" 1 (b. I :1 Cerranlrtd

oohng m Rolls and Shingles

 

  

The users of this modern, easy-today
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Get Our New Book
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It would ordinarily sell for $1—but as it
illustrates the use of our Certain-teed

. *—
Roefing on all kinds model City,
factory, and farm buildings, we
offer it to you at 25c. We prefer to
have you goto your lumber. hardware
«building material dealer. who will .
gladly get you a copy Free. if you
write us. enclose 25c to cover cost.
Watt and mailing.

General Roofing Mfg. Co.

E. “.Lenle Ill. York. Fe.
Israelites. lit. "In nnenneiln,
.anl' I'm-elects Wl unlpec, Claude

 
       
   
   
   
   
       
   
       
   
   

           
  
 

 

" uiiie Wireless Phones”

For unseen that wlnoausoyou to

HEAR

mm eye glasses are to failing
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>13) QUALITY PAINT

1)} 12m TO YOU «1.5

Save 501: on Every Gal-
lon el High Grade Point
To introduce it to readers of

The heMichizsn Fnrmerwe will
send you our regular 81." 15
grade of

WILSON’S PREPARED PAINT {2"1'121’5

1.251‘ gallon in lots of six gallons
£31. (:3, :nl tfiepeid gEast of the Mississippi. )
We are mum noturere so lins directto the con-

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‘ out seeing a touch of it.

 

 

“mm—First National Bank of Norwood. Cincinnati.

 

 

THE MICHIGAN FA'RMER

Melrose ribbon are much used in trim-
ming the tams. Melrose appears in ev-
erything, ribbons, feathers. velvet and
straw, and one can scarcely turn"_wi,th-
In most cases
it adds to the hat, but when a miillner

‘ combines it with purple, American Beauty

and green, as some of them do, the ef-
fect is nothingshort of savage.

A mode of trimming which is ex-
tremely popular and most unbecoming to
99 out of 100 women is that which sticks
a feather, bunch of tips, aigrette, or
“question mark," as one girl put it,
straight up in front of the hat. There
are few women who can stand it to have-
a feather ten inches high waving above
their head straight in a line with their
nose. Yet because it is “the thing.”
multitudes of women are letting the mil-
liners make them look ridiculous. The
style is not pretty nor is it becoming.
so why w0men accept it is beyond me.
One hat that I saw was shaped like the
ships you see in pictures in ancient his-
tory. The front of the hat ran up to a.
point like the prow 'of one of those old

boats, and was in fancy braid which eac-
tually suggested one of those old heads
which in ye olden times adorned the
prow of the boat. Waving above this
sharp point was a single lone feather.
Nine chances to one that hat will be
bought by a. woman with a. sharp nose.

The Bulgarian silks, so popular in dress
accessories and for waists, will be much
used in hats. Many smart hats have
crowns of the silk draped with chiffon
or net to tone down the bright colors.
Bulgarian silk is also used in bands, and
bows on straw hats, and livens up many
an otherwise plain chapeaux.

Milans are very good, and there is no
better investment than in a good White
Milan. The initial cost of the hat is
heavy, perhapS, from $7.50 up to $15 and
more. But when you Stop to consider
what you can do with it, $10 or $12 in a
white Milan is cheap. You can wear it
one season, then have it cleaned and re-
shaped for a second. Then dyed black
for a third, reshaped for a fourth, and,
if you want, have it dyed another color
a fifth season

 

Modern Methods In Teaching.

HERE has been considerable scep-

ticism in one household in Mich-

igan about the beauties of the
new method of education. Father and
I learned our lessons in the old school.
conducted strictly on the principle, “There
is no royal road to learning." No teach-
or ever played games with us during
school hours, or let us play games with
each other. There was no talk about
the “little letter that grew up into a big
letter.” nor a picture of a rabbit drawn
to hclp us remember the word. The 111-
phabot was the alphabet, a thing to be
learned, not played with, and we learned
the names of the letters by the painful
process, “A" was “A.” not “ah,” nor
was “L” “ull.” In short, there were
“no flowery beds of ease" for us during
school days, and we looked with couSid-
erable disfavor on the new method of
making study play.

In February the six-year-old started
to “really” school, having got beyond
kindergarten age. In a week‘s time he
came proudly home to tell us he had
learned “walk” and “run" and “jump”
and “put.” The family gathered proudly
round while father wrote, “Walk to the
table and put the book on it," and then
asked son to point out “walk” and “put."
A blank expreSSion came over the small
face, but he was game. After studying
the board for several minules he pointed
to “table” and said “walk." Constcrna—
tion! After- two more attempts he broke
forth into howls and declared that father
didn’t make ’em like teacher. Then fath-
er printed the words, and confusion was
ten times confounded. Printing was
worse than writing. Father finally gave
up in despair.

A day's visit to the school cleared away
many things about the method. First I
learned that the teachers do not choose
this way of teaching because it is easier
for them. No farmer’s wife with thresh—
ers coming tomorrow and the washing
for a family of six to do today, worked
hardcr than that first grade teacher did
from 8:30 to 11:30. If you do not; believe
it juSt try some day to teach 54) children
something and not tire them of it. Ev-
ery 15 minutes the work was changed.
Can you think of enough things for chil-
dren to do to change their task every
15 minutes? Yet our teachers are ex-
pected to do this so that the small chil-
dren will not become restless and dull.

The reading lessOn was the point of
intereSt to me. “The boy can walk,"
“The rabbit can hop,” “The dog can
run,” were the sentences. Any ordinarily
bright child could remember those sen-
tences with once hearing them. And
most of those youngsters were bright
enough for that.

“XVho can read the first stmy?” aSked
teacher. Up hopped three 01 four little
girls, hands waving and feet prancing.
Girls are always precocious. One young
miss with perky brows read the story
proudly, and after that of course the
rest could read it if they listened. Be
it said to the credit of the method, they
all listened. The lesson was interesting
enough to hold them. Other stories were
read in turn and then the kiddies were
all lined up around the room.

“Now I’m going to write a word on the
board, and you do what I write,” said
teacher. Down went the word “walk,”
and the half dozen who had grasped the
work started moving. Of course the rest
followed. I should like to believe that
they all knew it, but I can’t. Most of

them looked too bewildered until the ones
behind began to shove. ”Stop,” said
teacher, and the line halted. “Run." was
the next written command, and the
faithful half dozen started the column
on 11 little cantor. So it went on, until
the end of 15 minutex, when the children
went to ”1011- seals and the other section
were called for ”1911' reading lesson. Like
the famous Dicken’s school, "Dotheboys
Ilull,” the youngsters first learned the
word, then went and did it. It wasn't
the way I was taught, but I bclicvc it
will be just as successful, and it’s a lot
more fun for the children.

Other “stories" wérc written on the
board and the childrcn requested to point
out the words they knew. Sometimes
they were allowed to draw lines under
them. sometimes to erase them altogeth-
er. There was constant change so that
thcy never lost interest as the poor vic-
tims did when we were little and had to
sit and look at the same stupid old letter
for hours and hours and days and days,
or so it seemed to us. The alphabet was
taught by giving the sound of the letter,
not the name, so that the child is able
to pronounce the word because he knows
how the letters sound.

A device for impressing the looks of
the letters on the childish mind was most
diverting to them. The teacher drew a
large circle on the board and marked it
in sections and told the children she was
going to give them some pie. In each
section she printed and wrote a letter,
the sound of which they were supposed
to know. Then the children were given
turns at the board to “eat a piece of
pie,” which they did by erasing a sec-
tion. Then they had to tell the name of
the pie they erased, and if they failed,
teacher asked if they couldn’t tell at
home whether they ate apple or berry
pie. Only one or two failed to give cor-
rectly the name of his “pic." 01] the
board she then printed. three letters, giv—
ing the sound, and pusscd to the children
boxes of cut out letters. She told the
children to pick out llll the letters like
those they could find. and at; the end
of ten minutes all but two or three of the
50 children had found lhe letters.

In between. to rest the kiddies, there
were breathing exercises, bean bag, stor-
ies told 01' read by the teacher, and one
or two told by the children themselves.
and, of course, there was recess. There
was no lack of interest on the part of
the children, except in the case of one
or two hopelessly dull, and no question
of discipline. The children were busy
and happy, and had no time to be in
mischief.

But the teacher! She confessed when
it was over that she was tired, and she
really seemed ashamed of it. One con-
vert to the new idea she had made that
morning. The children are learning un-
consciously to read, learning by constant
repetition, but it is repetition broken by
merciful spells of rest. Every generation
does better than the one before. We
think we know more about cooking than
our mothers, our husbands are better
farmers, our doctors know more of med-
icine than their predecessors. We are
willing to grant these things. It is only
in school that we resent these advances.
\Vhat did for us is good enough for our
children, we argue. However, if child-
hood can be made a little sweeter for
our children than it was for us, and that
without detriment to their Schooling, let
us be glad. DEBORAH.

 

23—383
[N A SHADOW

lnveterate Ten Drinker Feared Paralysis.
Steady use of either tea. or coffee often
produces alarming symptoms as the pol-
Son (caffeine) contained in ;these bev-
erages acts with more potency in some
persons than in otheI‘S.

“I was never a coffee drinker,” writes
an lll. woman, “but a tea drinker. I
Was very nervous, had frequent spells of
sick headache and heart trouble, and was
subject at times to severe attacks of
bilious colic.

“No end of sleepless nights—would

have spells at night when my right side
would get numb and tingle like a thou-
sand needles were pricking my flesh.
.-\t times I could hardly put my tongue
out of my mouth and my right eye and
car- were affected.
“The doctors told me I was liable to
become paralyzed at any time, so I was
in constant dread. I took no end of
medicine—all to no good.

“The doctors told me to quit using tea,
but I thought I could not live without it
——that it was my only stay. I had been
a tea 'drinker for twenty-five years; was
under the doctor’s care for fifteen.

“About six months ago, I finally quit
tea and commenced to drink Postum.

“I have never had one spell of sick
headache- since and only one light attack
of bilious colic. Have quit having those
numb spells at night, sleep well and my
heart is getting stronger all the time.”
Name given upon request.

Postum now comes in concentrated.
powder form, called Instant Postum.
It is prepared by stirring a. level tca-
spoonful in a cup of hot water, adding
sugar to taste, and enough cream to bring
the color to golden brown.

Instant Postum is convenient; there'9
no waste; and the flavor is always uni—
form. Sold by grocers everywhere.

A 5-cup trial (in maimed for grocer’s
name and 2—ccnt stamp for postage.
Pustum Cereal Co., Ltd., Battle Creek,

' "RANGER” EIGYGLES

~. Have im rted roller chains, sprockets and

edals- ew Departure Brakes and
abs,- -I’ztncture Proof Tim highest grade
equipment and runny advanced features
possessed by no other wheels. Guaranteed

lellTllllY PillcE 2mm:

 

   

 

 

 

If others ask for cheep wheels. Other reli-
ll, :bie models dl’rom 012 .up. A “few goo

" 10 DAYS’ FREE TRII 3.5%!

' prev-l. freig ht,prepa¢d on where in U. S.

a cent in advance. 001' BUY a blcy ole

or a. pair of tires from anyone at any price until

you get our his new catalog and prices and a mar-

vel mum . Apostslbringseverythlng.Write it now.
85:.“ Rean

   
 

r—BrnkeRear heels. lamps, parts

TIRE nndsundnoshalfusualprices. Rider Agents
everywhere are coining money selling our bicycles, tires
Ind sundries.

MEAD CYGLEH CO. 0dDEPT. S77 CHICAGO

 

 

 

 

 

  
 

   

Accident Insurance

HAT are you worth without
your hands? Protect them
well. 'I here is danger 1n bare

hands and danger in gloves that are
too bulky or too “flimsy."

Hansen ’s_Gloves

are built so carefully that they give free
motion — perfect control of wrist and
nimble fingers, yet strong enough to at-
ford complete protection.

Made of strongest, softest leathers they i‘m
sure your hands and give the true economy of
lasting service. Cannot stiffen or harden and
gasoline cleans them quickly.

FREE BOOK AND TRY ON

Mali coupon or postal for book showing all styles
and if your dealer does not keep Hansen's we
will send you a pair on approval. Write now.
\ o. c. HANSEN MFG. co.

295 Milwaukee St. Han-ken. Wis.
— - _ - — - —‘- —
O. C. HANSEN MFG. CO.

296 Milwn rec St. Milwaukee. Wis.

You may nd mo Free and postpaid your book
i showing Hansen' sGloves. I am most inset-es mated in

       
   
       
   
   
       
   
     
   
    
  

       

the styles for the following purpose

 

I WWrw—
Name
' Town

 

 

lR.F.D SM" I
-—-—-—-—---

 


l
l
,1

m;::.-~.

 

;; .- - , - . ,

 

384—24

THE MICHIGAN 'FARMVER

EDGING FOR A HANDKERCHIEE.

 

BY MAE Y. MAHAF'FY.

A handkerchief made from fine linen,
with a rolled hem finished with a cro-
cheted edge like that shown in the illus-
tration, provides one of the daintiest pos-
sible additions to the toilet. The work
is done right over the rolled hem, with
fine crochet cotton, the sample being
made of coarser material simply that the
details may be more distinct.

Single croohet four times over the roll-
ed hem between each little leaf-like
sca110p. Each of these scallops is made
in this manner: After making the fourth
of the single crochets over the hem make
one chain stitch. Then chain three more

 

  

  

PLASTERS
A UNIVERSAL REMEDY
For Pains in the Back.

Equally effective for all
sorts of aches and pains
the result of taking cold,
overexertion or Strain.

Allcock's Lotion

—Rubs right in.

Something new and good. For
rubbing where it is inconvenient to
put a plaster. Wonderful in cases,
of cr-oup, whooping cough and all
local pains. Guaranteed to be an
A-l Liniment. Price 50¢. a bottle.
Send 5 two cent stamps for sample bottle.
ALLCOCK M'F‘G CO., 274 Canal St., N. Y.

 
    
 
 
   
 
  
 
 
    
  
 

 

Constipation, Bz'lz'ousness, Indigestion, etc.

Brandreth’s Pills

Entirely Vegetable.

   

 

    
 
  
   
     
 
    
  
    

 

Save
$35
$75

on First Cost—
Then

MORE HEAT

WITH LESS FUEL
Are you willing to pay 325 to 375 more for a. fur-
nace not nearly as good as the Kalamazoo!
Certainly not, especially when the Kalamazoo
gives greater heat and cuts down fuel bills,
F urnaco and complete fittings shipped direct at
factory price.

30 Days Free Trial-Cash or Credit
You don’ 1; keep the Kalamazoo unless it proves
in service that it can heat your house perfectly
at minimum expense. Convenient payments.
We pay freight charges.

Furnace Book Free
Gives you facts that will save you money in
buying, installing and operating your furnace.
We re glad to mail it free write a. request on
a hostel ,—apl- 9- «atolog No. 909.
Kalamazoo Stove \zo., Mfrs, Kalamazoo, Mich.

We have two other catalogs, one describing
Heating and Cookin Stoves, the other describ-
ing Gas Ranges. 1ich one do you wis 2

Trade Mark Registered.

A KolamoLoo, 22::

Direct to You 5"“

DON’T PAY TWO PRICES

BaveusflootolDSOOon ,
oosier Ranges

   
 

 
 

 

 
     
      
  
  
   

  
   
 

 

  

 

 

  

 

 
   

  

Why not buy the Best when you
b them at such low un-

  
 

' absolutely surpass on
thing over produce .

  

 

Makes and burns its own gas. No '
grease, odor nor dirt.
acetylene

Brighter than
Over 200 My cs. Every
lamp warranted. Write for catalog.
Baffle mt: W'Icau
Tzflo LET LIGHT 00.
0E. sense, Canto $011.0.

 

 

 
  

  
  

" "Zworinngton co. 1‘

< T1) .550 M” stop m‘.. o. ‘

 

for a picOt, and slip stitch into the one
previously chained. Chain one stitch
again, then chain three for the second
picot, and slip stitch into the chain stitch.
Again chain one, then three for a picot,
and slip stitch into the chain stitch made

before. This completes the trio of pi-
cots. and the single crochcting is again
taken up over the hem, just where it was
left off. This process is followed for the
required distance.

By using somewhat heavier thread this
edging will answer nicely for collars and
cuffs, underwear, etc.

 

THE FARM WOMAN’S SHARE

PROVED AGRICULTURE.

Miss Bailey’s talk at the recent Round-

l'p institute presented.» the following
point-S:

IN IM-

“\\'omcn were the first farmers, it be-
ing their duly to hoe the corn, gather
the nuts and otherwise to prepare the
food. Some of the primitive industries

have now gone out of the home and the
average woman is glad of it. in this age
of specialization, such work as the laun-
dry and baking have gone from the home
and this gives women a chance to do
some real work along the lines of inves-
tigation and study.

“In no walk of life is the work of a
man and his wife so closely allied as
that of the farmer and his wife. Their
work is very closely related and the farm
and home are inseparable.

“The agricultural colleges are doing
their share for the farm women with
their domestic science and home econom-
ics courfies, but at present there is a
need for short courses in home econom-
ics work. Is it any more essential for
the boys to take short courses in general
farming than that the girls be offered
the same opportunities for instruction in
household management? “'e now have
traveling libraries containing books per-
taining to rural women and their prob-
lems. Altogether the work of women is
progressing.and they are admitted to
more occupations than formerly. There
is now a new line of work being carried
On, that of rural nursing. Many young
women are now taking up this line of
work. In the past, the custom has been
for those who were studying for nurses
to go to the city and do their work
there but now they are coming back to
the country, realizing that their services
are needed there.”

Some very interesting slides were
thrown 0n the curtain, pertaining to Miss
Bailey's investigations.

FORGIVE AND FORGET.

 

BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.

It seems by some persons to be under-
stood that forgiving and forgetting are
one and the same thing. At least that
is the attitude they assume when they
confess to having said or done something
which has wounded the heart of a friend.
.'\Ve may forgive fully and freely but
no power 011 earth can blot out from our
memory reflections stamped thereon. In-
delibly certain incidents, possibly light
in themselves, are recorded there. The
passage of years makes not' the slight-
'est differnce. How, with the clearness
of a lightning shaft they flash out as we
recall them. Incidents of childhood long
since passed away are as- fresh as if it
were yesterday. Others of more import-
ance, less firmly fixed on the retina of
the mind, are lost beyond recall. Pass-

 

ing strange why this should be true,
yet true it is.

Too great a degree of intimacy may
lead to a. rupture between the best of
friends. Indeed, two friends of the same
sex who become inseparable usually have
a falling out sooner or later, particularly
if they are- women. Why women more
than men? Do not ask me for I cannot
say. I only know that women frequently
do rupture such friendship by a quarrel,
usually over some trifling matter, too.
I know one instance where it was'the
baby of one of the parties which was
the innocent cause of a. most violent
quarrel. The affair was after a while
patched up and placed on an outwardly
respectable basis but the original degree
of friendlineSS could not be regained. The
one who confessed to be the prime of-
fender went to her friend and said, “For-
give and forget and henceforth let ev-
1'ything be as it was before my stupid
blunder.” Forgiveness was straightway

 

Handkerchief Edging, :
but to forget the occurrence

a ccorded,

was impossible.
So when in anger we speak out more
freely than discreetly let‘ us remcmbcr

that while a true friend will grant for—
giveness if it is asked for, no earthly
power can blot the transgression from
the memory. The spoken word once be-
yond our lips is gone forever beyond re-

call.
And not only between friends but in
our own homes the most of us some-

times transgress in allowing ourselves to
say things which hurt. Sensitive natures
are quick to notice such words, ol'hers
pay less heed. “'ell worth heeding is
the injunction to guard our lips that they
speak no guile.

 

EASTE R EGGS.

 

BY E. J. LYNCH.

Of course, you can boil them or fry
the Easter egg s as you do evolyday egg
but “hen there are so many other \1 .us
of cooking eggs why not try a few of
them for a change? There are over 500
ways of cooking eggs and a new way
once in a while is worth trying, especial-

ly about Easter time.
Ox Eyes.
Take two slices of bread, one inch
thick, cut in rounds and cut a circle

about one and one-half inches in diam-
eter out of the center with a sharp tin
cutter; spread lightly with butter, place
in well buttered baking pan, break :1
f1 e\h er, g into each cilcle, put little bits
of buttel ove1 the egg and season with
salt and pepper. Moisten with a table-
spoon of sweet cream‘or rich milk and
put into the oven till the eggs are light-
ly set.
Scalloped Eggs.

For each person take mlfi' egg, two ta-
bleSpoons of cream, two tablespoons of
bread crumbs, quarter teaspoon of salt.
Mix the cream, breadcrumbs and salt.
Butter an egg cup, put one—half the mix-
ture in the cup, then the egg, cover with
the remainder of the mixture, bake five
or six minutes in a moderate oven.
Bake in individual baking dishes if pos-
sible, and serve at once in the dish used
for baking.

Poached Eggs in Milk.

Take as many eggs as desired and al-
low about three-fourths of a cup of
sweet milk, a speck of salt and a slice
of toast cut in rounds, squares or tri-
angles. Heat the- milk. Add salt and
drop egg, being careful not to break the
yolk. Cook gently (do not boil), for five
minutes. Have the bread toasted a go]—
den brown and buttered. Place an egg
carefully on each piece of toast; pour re-
mainder of milk over, garnish with pars-
ley and serve at once.

Rice Omelet.

For each egg allow one-third cup of
cold boiled rice, one-third cup of milk,
one teaspoonful melted butter, and salt
as needed. XVarm the cold boiled rice in
the milk and add the melted butter.
Beat the yolk and whites of egg sep-
arately, stir the yolk into the other in-
gredients and last, fold in stiffly beaten
whites; pour into a very hot, well-but-
tered frying pan, let it brown on the bot-
tom for a few minutes, keeping it where
it will not burn. Put it in the top of the

\

MARCH 22, 1913.

oven to set the top, and fold and serve
at once.
Scrambled Eggs.

Scrambled eggs are not new combina-
tions by any means, but they are very,
very often spoiled in the cooking. When
rightly managed scrambled eggs will be
soft, creamy and toothsome. When they
are wrongly managed they will be tough
and stringy.

Allow for each egg a tablespoonful of
milk, a speck of salt and pepper, and a
smill bit of butter, say one-half teaspoon
to a teaSpOOn. Beat the eggs slightly.
add the milk and salt and stir together.
Melt the butter in a‘frying pan and turn
in the mixture. Cook only till creamy.
stirring very gently, only enough to cook
evenly. Take from the fire before the
eggs become set, and pour over squares
of golden brown buttered toast, serve at
once.

If in poaching eggs, a teaspoon of vin-
egar is added to the water, the flavor
will be improved. Avoid rapid boilingin
poaching eggS. Muffin rings can be set
in the pan in which they are cooked
and will improve the shape of the eggs.

 

HOME QUERIES.

 

Household Editorz—VVOuld like to know
what to do with shoes when the sole
cracks. Have tried setting them in a
basin of water, and oiled them, and have
also hammered some nails in them.—
Mrs. J. .T.

The soles undoubtedly crack because
the leather is poor. Take them back and
see if your merchant will not exchange
them for better ones.

Household Edilor:~Do you think a
child is ever downright ugly and cross
without some reason? I mean. is it just
its nature to be cross. My little girl is
unbearable sometimes—Mother.

*3; I do nOt think a perfectly Well, norm‘dl

child is cross. Healthy children are mis-
chievouS, but it is always good-natured
mischief and a laugh is oftener on their
lips than a whine. If your little girl is
fretful, she is not well, and several things
might be wrong. It may be indigestion,
constipation, adenoids, catarrh, some ear
trouble, or some other thing easily rein-
edied. The most common cause of fret-
ful children is wrong feeding. Give the
child something to thoroughly cleanse the
bowels, and then feed her a plain cereal
and milk, eggs, good bread and butter,
cither brown or white. crackers, toast,
ricc, baked potatoes, bacon, beef and mut-
ton. Avoid pork, pie, cake, rich puddings,
etc. Plenty of milk and eggs may be
allowed, and simple sweets, a little hon-
cy or jam, but not free access to candy.
If this treatment does not make an im-
provement take her to a good doctor for
a thorough examination.

Household Editor:—Can you suggest a.
change in diet for the spring months?—
Cook.

One change which should be made- now

is to eliminate part of the fat. As the
warm days are coming on the body does
not require so much heat, and as fat is
heat-making food it is well to reduce the
amount. Of course we all long for
“greens” at this time of year. If you are
one of those fore-handed women who has
a kitchen window garden where salad
vegelables are grown, you can gratify
this longing. If nOt, utilize our friend
the apple. Serve it fried, baked, scal-
loped, in sauce, Brown Betty. with tapi-
oca, and raw. Oranges. too, satisfy the
craving for something fresh, and you can
buy canned spinach, if your store can
not supply fresh. In neaily every com-
munity, now, somed11e will have lettuce,
and this makes a welcome change. Serve

eggs at least once a day in place of
meat.

Household Editor:—How can I clean
aluminum

“are which has become tar-
nished’LeD J.

The rule which comes with much of
the ware is to boil one even tablespoonful
of oxalic acid crystals in one quart of
water in the dish.

WHAT SHALL WE READ?

 

BY HILDA RICHMOND.

In these busy days people do not read
books as they once did, and the cry now
is for something short. Even the farm-
ers and their families, who are popularly
supposed to find time dragging on their
hands all winter, scarcely know what it
is to sit down by the fireside and enjoy
a good book, for the country is getting
to be almost as gay as the city, at least
as the city used to be.

But there is still time for reading even
during harvest, and most farmers take
at least one agricultural weekly, one city
daily, and the local newspaper, all of
which are carefully and intelligently read.
But these are not enough for various

reasons, and the farmer who reads only

\

 

 

._-’»

u"

.
.
. i
‘1
1

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Drawn Expressly for
Montgomery Ward «2- Co.
By George Brehm

Pick What You Want From These Pages

In word and pictures the hundred thousand items in the great new Catalogue of Montgomery Ward & Co.,
are so realistically and truthfully described 'that you can almost pick what you want from its thousand pages.

Photography and color engravings, pen pictures and word pictures are so
skillfully and truthfully employed that your visit to “Bargain town" will be
like viewing the world's greatest shopping centers thrown into one great
mammoth establishment.

And the rare beauty of it all is that you can go through'this enor-
mous collection of bargains without the hustle orbustle and burly
that accompanies even a visit to the village store.

In the quiet of your own home—under the evening lamp—
with the members of your family to accompany and guide
youmit is possible now to shop in the Ward way—and
save many dollars in doing so.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

All you need is our Catalogue of 1000 pages. In it are shown a hundred thous-
and opportunities of saving in foods, furniture, farm implements or field
necessities. dress goods or men’s wear—any and every necessity or luxury for
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And it won’t cost you a cent to get this great text book in the art of re-
ducing the high cost of living, except the stamp spent in sending for it. Cut
out the Coupon on this page, sign your name today, and the greatest Cata-
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without any obligation.

Our only suggestion is—sign and send the Coupon today.

MONTGOMERY WARD 8" COMPANY

 

Kansas City Fort Worth. Texas

 

   

AGE -- IOU

PLKNDID GAME.

BIRD

, a , AMUSEMENT PACK
“El 5

“mi/pl. as l '

 
  
  

\ ‘ ‘

I

annted mm W
Jolly Joke-ea Riddles
68 Honey Making SscretaJS love Letters: 115 Ways to Flirt.
How to Charm Others. to‘l'sll Fortunes and 500 other things
to entertain the entire family all winter.

 

  

This 60c Package,

8. Cooper ac... Bax 51 Horton. NJ.’ ' Q

 

{an cunmx— W "steamers;

lmolsture and oloudln
$0143me LABRAT BY, smSeventh Ave..

int!" m llchlm malt am Irmlx annular:

friends? 0: a 811 -on Ra nooat Free? 00 ld
86 a day for a_litt e s are time? Perhaps vile cgg‘ggg‘i-

 

 

 

r a
tan: les. styles and this wonderful
“13m unions °

  
  

Stuff; Blrds And

Learn at homo to mount
Anlmals birds, animals. game
heads. fish; tan skins; make beautiful
rugs and robes. Decorate your home
with your own trophies. Hake bl.
money mounting for others. Learn
quickly during spare time. I. ”ammun-
, as. c bl. Write todayl‘or FREE il-
/ lustratod book explaining taxidermy and
showing beautiful mounted birds and ani-

, mall. Monarch Iohool ofTaxldarmy
- .- 51 Monarch Bldg...0maha. Nebr , Pay pftmrou are :afisfled. Our Rods are
.. .. ,‘ ‘ _ ectingt onaands of farm homes
—Would you goes t and wear a fine tailor ! ::%u§1ll%r0ted ours ‘
"ill" Ill made suit Int. or showing it to your 11‘ F353: bookon lightning pgpegefi‘ptpe 1igelflgr
9 just the tact: u will be inter-
estedln. Ask tor it soggy. '

15. Jinx“. MS?»

LIGHTNING non
l 9c PER root

, ‘ ' _ Best Quality Copper—Extra Heavy Cable
A better conductor than required by In-
;ufiandqe C(ZFIWFS' . Sytsatfialm cogplete with
u use Iona or ms '11 . .
1 ; You get wholesale price. 8 0 agent:

Buy Direct—0n Trial—Freight Prepaid

   
 
 
 
 
 
     
  

   

 

youaateady Job? its t once anél lost beautiful ‘
st.
G OOIPANY. Dept. 194 Chicago.

rat"

, “A

 

 


 

 

 

 

Was Your Watch
Made This Way?

 

Was the watch you carry now
baked in an oven, frozen in ice,
adjusted to position, inspected
411 times and put through a 700-
hour test for accuracy before it
was considered fit for yourpocket?
If it wasn’t, then it
has never met the
exacting tests that
every South Bend
watch must meet
before it leaves the
factory.

It takes nearly
200 days to build a
South Bend watch.
Then the rigid in-
spections and tests
commence.

Can you wonder that the South
Bend watch is a marvel of me-
chanical construction and accu-
racy? Can you question its popu-
larity among railroad men, city
men and farmers everywhere?

Even when a South Bend watch
has left the factory, our interest

The South Bend Watch Co.,

\ /

/
/

W
l// l/
%/
. //

////////
////
///

/

//////

 

in its on - the - dot performance
does not stop.

We sell only through retail
jewelers—15,083 of them. These
men are alone able to properlyreg-
ulate a watch to the buyer’s per-
' sonality. And that
is necessary, as
good watches run
differently for dif-
ferent people.

This is a fact,
.but it’s a long story
to tell in an ad, so
we’ll leave that to
the jeweler him-
self. Ask yourjew-
eler to explain it.
Ask him to show
you a South Bend watch. Write
for our free book, HHow Good
Watches Are Made”--a revela-
tion to every reader. Brimful of
good pointers. Get a copy before
you buy any watch—it may save
you money and disappointment.
Starta postal off to us tonight sure.

3 Market St., South Bend, Ind.

§S__B°_:__uth   see”

(129)

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

these will soon find himself behind the
times. ‘ ‘

‘The ladies of the family need a good
fashion 0r housekeeping journal while the
whole family needs a religious paper,
and in addition to these the farmer, ought
to be a student of books in his line. To
be sure, he can not afford to read a
book on strawberry culture if he has a
dozen vines in his garden, however in-
teresting and instructive the book may
be, but he must know something of live
stock if he is in the live stock business
and of soil fertility and drainage if he is
raising crops for market. And pften the
lack of such reading means a loss of dol-
lars and cents to him, as well as a means
of hurrying the boys from the farm.

So we need not only the newspapers
and magazines interested in farming. but
we need some books on this important
subject as well. The whole family will
be helped by reading a thoroughly good
book on poultry, and a volume on land-
scape gardening will not only prove
pleasant reading, but it will help the
sale of the farm. A young man who had
become interested in this kind of read-
ing, bought a run—down farm and in his
leisure moments began to lay out the
grounds according to ideas absorbed from
the fascinating book. As a result he sold
the farm at a good profit and tried the
same scheme all over again. ‘Now he
does it as a money-making venture, pick-
ing up a farm for a low price and by
good taste and skill making it so attrac-
tive that he soon disposes of it at a hand-
some profit. That one volume was worth
a little fOrtune to him because it inter-
ested him in a very pleasant and profit-
able life task.

\Vhen work presses very hard in the
spring the papers and books should be
placed in handy locations so that the
resting time may be filled with pleasure.
And there are always stormy days with
hours of leisure so that no one need be
ignorant. If anyone wants to read he

 

 

YOUR HIDE

will be tanned right if sent. to The
Blissfield Bohemia Tanning 00. Horse.
cow and small furs made soft and
pliable. Wind and Waterproof. We
manufacture them the right way
into men's and women’s Fur Coats,
Robes, Mittens. Bugs and Vests.
Deer skins tanned for Buckskin.
Our Catalogue and Souvenir
Account Book sent free.

The Blissfield Rohe & Tanning Company,
Blissfield, Michigan.

WANTED—Railwgdy Mail Clerksn Examina-
tion ay 3. Splendid salaries.
I conducted Gov‘tJ Exam’s. Can fihelfi you pass.
Trial Lesson Free. Write Osment l7 . St Lows

 

 

 

Hygienic Wool Bailing

For Comforters: Made in
. one piece 72x84 inches, 2. 2%
" 31h. weights, strictly pure
wool. 11 1 lb. comforter is
warmer thanti lbs. of cotton.
especially adapted to open
air sleeping. Custom work
done, send us your wool.
will make it into butts for
. you, write for booklet.
MONROE WOOLEN MILLS.
Monroe, Michigan.

WANTED A man or woman, all or spare time. to “our“
information for us. Experience not neces-

sary. Nothing to sell. GOOD PAY. Bend stamp for par-
ticulars. Address M. s. I. A., Indianapolis. Indiana

 

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

  
   
  
  
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  

\wil,’

\‘Cl”-\

All.
MODERN
IMPROVE-
HINTS.

      

Ball-Bearing
Steel Pitman

 
 
 

comm:
EVERY
starter. ‘

   

some cabinet frame. * \.-~

A $50rliilAEHlNli FOR omfifii

New Model with Ball Bearing Head and Stand—Automatic Tension
Release—Automatic Lift Drop Head—High Arm—Oak or Walnut Table.

 
    
 
    
    
   
 
 
     
     
     
    
 
    

Good Machines ialeow as $12.

For $7 extra we will send the $19 machine with automatic lift in a hand-

..m W1 . wag _ .
‘i We plepay freight to any freight station east of the Mississippi River, or
south to Tennessee. You cannot afford to buy a machine until you have
sent for our handsome illustrated free catalog, printed in colors.

THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Michigan.

 

 

Wei" Pay the Freight
a'k‘iiow 90 Days’ Trial

Our new model, im-
proved Michigan Farmer
sewing machine has cam
thread take up, givmg
.bctter control of the
thread and makinga bet-
ter stitch than any other
arrangement. Running 1t
backwards will not break
the thread. It has high-
est arm, disc tension, au-
tomatic bobbin winder
with loose band wheel,
high lift for heavy work.

Guaranteed for 20 Years"?

and money refunded if not satis-
factory after 90 days’ trial. Com-
plete attachments, accessories
and instruction book free. We
guarantee this machine to be
first-class in every particular,
handsome in appearance and
equal to any machine made.
Same machine without the au-
tomatic Lift for only $18.

  

 

 

   

 

    
 

~,:

    
        
    
   
 

 

will find time for it, and not only will
he find time but his mind will develop
and grow to such an extent that he can
absorb ideas twice as quickly as his
neighbor who does not believe, in wast-
ing time on reading. Truly, the farmer
of the present must be a student if he is
to keep abreast of the times, and there
is no better way to begin than to invest
in some good magazines and papers and
books, at once.

 

SOME LAUNDRY HINTS.

 

BY Mas. F. NISEVVANGE'R,.

Half a cup of gasoline added to your

boiler of water, when water is cold to

prevent accident, will whiten clothes and
make washing easier.

I’arafline, also, is good for this. Half

a cup of it shaved, with a bar of laundry-

oap, into two quarts of water and -dis—
solved, then added to the boiling water,
will prove wonderfully cleansing to the
'lothes boiled in it.‘
xTo prevent any shade of blue fading,
soak the cloth for a couple of hours in
a pail of water to which an ounce of
sugar of lead has been added. Dry thor-
oughly before washing and ironing.

A cup of salt in the rinse water Will
keep the clothes from freezing so stiff
in very cold weather.

After the starch is made cover the ves-
sel tightly and no scum will form.

To remove tar from clothing, cover the
spot with lard. Let it soak in thorough-
ly, then pour boiling water on it. \Vash
as usual. Lard will also “cut” all kinds
of machine grease and oil, but boiling
water is not needed afterwards with
these.

\Vhen ironing clothes, hang those that
need no mending. not even a button, on
one side of the bars and those that need
mending on the other. It will save time
and annoyance later when sorting the
clothes for mending and putting away.

To prevent unused white clothes be-
coming yellow, starch them; and this in
defiance of mother’s and grandmother’s
warning that this very thing will make
them yellOW. Recently, upon bringing
forth my own doll’s clothes for my little
girl to use, I found that the starched
white garments were snowy white, and
they had lain nearly 20 years, while the
others were so yellow as to defy all at-
tempts at bleaching. It is often very
convenient to have some of the light
dresses and white skirts laundered and
all ready for use when the first warm,
busy days of spring come.

An excellent home-made soap. Put one
can of lye into a stone jar. Pour over
it three pints of cold soft water and stir
often until cold. To this add one-half
cup ammOnia, and fill cup up with wat-

MARCH 22, 1913.

er, one heaping tablespoon of pulverized
borax and stir until dissolved; Then add
five pounds of grease, melted and strain-
ed, and stir until like honey. Have
ready a large dripper with cloth in it,
over which put a greased paper, and pour
the soap in it to set. It makes 21 cakes.

RAISING ONE’S OWN PERFUMES.

 

BY CHARLOTTE BIRD.

iVith lavender we think of fine home-
woven linens and choice laces, lovely
silks and pretty handkerchies. It sum-
mons up colonial days with- our grand—
mothers always busy but who yet had
time to be sweet and dainty. The scent
of lavender blossoms is so refined. so de—
lightul, so delicate and yet so pervasive.
In our American life, where it has been
crowded out by less delicate scents, lav-
ender is not as Well known by any means
as it deserves to be. But by refined
English ladies it is still held in honor-
able esteem and constant. use.

And there is no reason why we may
not enjoy this perfume to our heart's
content, because it is perfectly easy to
raise in Our own gardens. The seeds
which are easily obtained from good
florists should be sown about the time
the apple trees are in bloom. They Should
be sown in a sheltered bed of prepared
soil, whose surface has been sifted and
made firm and level by being pressed
down with- a narrow board.

Then the bed should be covered with
a sifted mixture of sand and leaf mould
and again pressed down. Then water
with a fine spray, after which cover with
bits of moss to keep the ground moist
till the seeds germinate. After the plants
appear, keep the soil moist but not wet
and pmtect from the sun and storm till
the plants are strong enough to take care
of themselves. Care must be taken not
to sow the seeds too deep or they will
not germinate. The plants will not
bloom till the, second season. It is in the
small purple flowers that the perfume
resides and these are used in the way of
sachets.

Orris root makes another refined scent
which we may all have for the trouble
of raising it. What is known in com-
merce as orris root is the rhizome of
Iris Florentina. The plant is a native of
southern Europe and there it is culti-
vated.

In the spring the roots are taken up
and divested oi‘ the brown skin and tib-
ers and then dried. The plant is largely
grown in and about Florence. Italy. and
is exported from Leghorn in large casks.

At one time orris root was largely used
as a medicine, especially, as a cathartic
and an emetic. But at this time it is
valued chiefly on account of its agree-
able, violet—like perfume as given out in
its dried form. It is brittle and easily

pulverized and is popular as used in tooth ‘

powders. The oil is extracted by distil—
lation and, greatly diluted with alcohol,
is used as a perfume, for the violet per-
fume is pronounced and lasting.

Even as far north as Canada orris root
is perfectly hardy. In May its rank
growth bears profusely its large blue and
white flowers and it is a fine addition to
the garden. The roots are easily obtain-
ed. They should be planted in the spring
or fall and they make a very rapid
growth into a beautiful cluster.

They like a damp, rich soil and they
should be set about 18 inches apart. To
keep in good condition the clusters of
roots should be divided and reset every
two or three years. To bring into use.
the roots, of (‘lilll‘S(‘, must be dried and
then pulverized. allot‘ which is quite easy
for the‘amatcur. Orris is almost or quite
as delightul as lavender, though not so
rich with endearing aSSociations.

BOOK NOTICES.

 

Aus \‘ergangener Zeit. Edited by Ar-
nold '\\'e-riie1‘-Spanhoofd, Director of Ger-
man, High Schools, \Vashington, D. C.
A collection of 30 sketches, describing
the great events. the religion, and life
of the Germans from the time of Tacitus
to the present day. Cloth, 161110, 278
pages, illustrated, with notes, conversa-
tional questions and vocabulary. Price,
50c. American Book Co., Chicago.

Hannah of Kentucky. By James Otis.
This supplementary reader for the third,
fourth and fifth grades tells of the ad-
ventures of a little girl in the migration
from North Carolina to Kentucky, and of
the settlement of Boonesborough. Cloth,
12mo, 149 pages with illustrations. Price,
350. American Book Co., Chicago.

Schrakamp’s Deutsche Heimat. Edit-
ed by Josefa Schrakamp. This work
gives in short compass, and simply, a
general survey of the German nation,
which will be of value to the student in
his subsequent reading. Cloth, 16mo. 404
pages, illustrated; with notes, conversa-
tional questions. and vocabulary. Price,
800. American Book Co., Chicago.

 

 

'wv u—uv

 

 

?
a
't

 


 
 
    

 

 

‘vu—Iv

 

 

 

MARCH 22, 1913.”

THE PHILIPPINES.
(Continued from page 378).

pomelos are found, while mangosteans
and durians grow only in Mindanao and
the Sulu Archipelago.

Stock Raising.

Stock raising was an important indus-
try in Spanish times but the number of
domestic animals at present is compar-
atively small. There are immense graz-
ing tracts where grass grows almost con-
tinually throughout the year, the area of
which is estimated at 48.000 square miles.
The carabao (water buffalo), the draft
animal of the islands, is slow but strong
and he can go almost anywhere in the
mud and acress the streams; over 10,000
are imported annually. The neat cattle
are principally the red cattle from China,
and a black-and-White variety imported
by the Spaniards. The horses are of the
pony type, from Sulu and China in the
southern islands, while in the north most
of them are of the mustang class from
Mexico. A few well-fed hogs are raised
in the provinces near Manila and shipped
to-its market. Goats, sheep and poultry
receive little or no attention, and no'at-
tention is given to breeding. Soon after
American occupation, rinderpest, surra,
and foot-and-mouth disease became ram-
pant among the domestic animals, and
Stock raisers and farmers suffered great
losses. Quarantine stations have been
established at Manila, 110110 and Cebu;
very stringent laws and regulations re-
garding the importation of cattle have
been adopted; efforts are being made to
introduce cattle from India and other
countries that are immune to these dis-
eases. The imports of cattle. meat and
dairy products amount to about $8,600.000
annually.

Agricultural Bank.

The Agricultural Bank of the Philip-
pines was created by the Philippine Leg-
islature June 18, 1008, to enable the
farmers to borrow money at a reasonable
rate of interest for the purpose of re-
deeming lands from present incumbrances,
to construct drainage works, irrigation
ditches and dams, to buy fertilizers,
Seeds, farm machinery and work ani-
mals; in return the bank is required to
take first mortgages on urban property,
agricultural land, or gathered and stored
crOps. The bank was opened October 1,
1908, with a capital of $500,000; however,
as many of the Spanish surveys and titles
were inaccurate, and many of the farm-
ers have only squatter or prescriptive
rights to their lands, about 80 per cent
of the applications for loans have been
denied. The land is now being re-sur-
veyed and the expense divided between
the owners, the municipalities and the In—
sular government. As fast as this work
is completed the farmers are given true
titles to their lands.

“DIOS Cuidado.”

“Dios cuidado" (God take care of it) is
a commOn Filipino saying Which epito-
mizes the attitude of the common people
in many things toward what seems to
them extraordinary concern regarding
the blessings of Providence. The farmer
looks upon it as his duty to plant the
Seed and harvest whatever crop is giv-
en. If it is a good one he says, "Buena
suerte,” or I have good luck; if a poor
one, he shrugs his shoulders. throws up
his hands and says, “Mala suerte," or I
have bad luck. He, can not understand
the necessity of studying the conditions
under which ’plants thrive and then com—
plying with them; it is almost beyond
him to observe and keep' exact data.
I’l'hile the soil is naturally rich, contain-
ing decayed volcanic and vegetable mat-
ter and alluvium carried by the streams
to the lowlands. abundant rainfall and
rapid decay are important items which
the farmer must bear in mind when
planting, cultivating and harvesting his
crops. The labor problem is an import-
ant one, as it is out of the question for
Americans or Europeans to undertake
progressive methods of agriculture with-
out first learning to get on with and han-
dle Filipino laborers; failing in this they
fail in all. The Chinese are the most
efficient laborers, but notwithstanding
they are in Asiatic territory the United
States exclusion laws are applied and
they are not allowed to come in, even in
limited numbers or for limited periods,
thus making natural conditions more
difficult. There are no drainage systems
of any importance, but there are many

very crude irrigation work, especially
in Luzon. The water of many rivers
which, at comparatively little expense,

irrigate hundreds of
thousands of acres, is now going to
waste. One-crop farming is a great
drawback to the agricultural progress of
the country; in'the great hemp, sugar,

could be used to

 

coconut and tobacco districts the farm-
ers rarely raise more' than one crop; if
they have a good one they buy their rice,
corn and sugar, and if a poor one the
hacendero borrows and gets on the best
he can while his dependents starve. Am-
erican agricultural machinery has been
exhibited and some has been sold, but
much of it is not adapted to the lands in
the Islands, and such of it as is requires
a higher standard of intelligence to op-
erate it successfully than that of the av-
erage Filipino farm hand or hacendero.
In comparing the Philippines, Porto Rico
and Hawaii the Governor-General has
stated that in 1907 Porto Rico produced
six times as much, and Hawaii 36 times
as much per capita as the Philippines.
He explained that Hawaii has abundance
of capital, employs modern methods of
cultivation and manufacture, and modern
facilities for transportation.-
Carnivals and Expositions.

One of the most important efforts for
stimulating agricultural development has
been the Philippine carnivals and expo-
sitions; they have attracted the attention
of all parts of the Far East; Japan, China
and the Dutch East Indies have partici-
pated in them; recently fairs 0r exposi-
tions have been held in Zamboanga, Ilo-
ilo, Negros, Cebu and other provinces
which have inspired a competitive spirit
among the agriculturists and creath a
friendly interest in the Philippines by the
other nations.

Note—.lteadcrs can rarely mispronounce

Filipino names if they allow one vowel

to each syllable and give a the sound in

father, and sound j and g the same as
h.—The Author.

FARMERS’ INSTITUTES IN MICHI-
GAN’S UPPER PENINSULA.

 

Arrangements have been made for a
number of combined Farmers' Institute
and Grange meetings to be held in the
Upper Peninsula during March and
April.

Prof. Leo M. Geismar, of Marquette, in
charge of the extension work of the Ag-
ricultural College in that part of the
state, and Roswell G. Carr, superintend—
ent of the State Experiment Station at
Chatham, will attend these meetings as
repreSentatives of the Farmers’ Institute
Department of the Agricultural College.
and W. F. Taylor, of Shelby, will be the
speaker furnished by the State Grange.

The meetings will be held as follows:
'Chippewa Co., Stalwart, March 19;
Pickford, March 20; Rosedale, March 21;
Sault Ste. Marie, March 22; Brimley,
March 24; Rudyard, March 25.

Mackinac Co., Allenville, March 26.

Luce Co., Newberry, March 27.

Alger Co., \Vetmore, March 28.

Alger C0,, County Grange, Chatham,
March 29.
Marquette Co., Marquette Normal

School, March 29.

Baraga Co., Baraga. March 31, (after-
noon); L’Anse, (cvening).

Ontonagon Co., Ewen, April 1; Huight
township, April 2.

Gogebic Co., Ironwood, April 3.

Iron Co., Iron River, April 5.

Menominee. Co., Daggett, April ‘8.

Dickinson Co., Vulcan, April 9.

Delta Co., Bark River, April 10.

Schoolcraft Co., Manistique, April 11.

A splendid program has been prepared
for each place and the seSSions will be
open to all. Farmers and their families,
in particular, are urged to attend.

CATALOG NOTICES.

“It Skims While you Milk,” is the
legend on the title page of the art cat-
alog published by the Standard Separator
Co., of Milwaukee. Wis. In the catalog
the Automatic Cream Separator manu-
factured by this (30mpany is fully illus—
trated and described. This is a “self-
powered" machine, the bowl being driven
by a gasoline engine mounted on the
separator base. All mechanical details
of this automatic machine are fully il-
lustrated and described in this booklet,
which will be sent to Michigan Farmer
readers upon request.

Stewart Ilorse Clipping and Sheep
Shearing Machines, manufactured by
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co., Chicago, 111.,
are fully described in catalog No. 40 just
issued by that company. It. is a 40—page
booklet with many fine half-tone engrav-
ings illustrating in detail the several
Styles of machines built by this well
known company.

Those who are interested in the type
of low—down wide-tired farm wagons, or
Saginaw Silos, should write the McClure
Co., Saginaw, Mich., by which title the
Farmers’ Handy Wagon Co., of Saginaw,
will be known in the future.

The Emdrson-Brantingham Implement
Co., of Rockford, Ill., illustrates and de-
scribes the Big Four farm tractor which,
in the fine half—tone engraving is shown
in action in the field. doing all kinds of
farm work irom plowing to seeding and
threshing. Mention the Michigan Farmer
when writing for this booklet.

Kitselman Fence, catalog No. 33. pub-
lished by Kitselman Bros, Muncie, Ind.,
lists many sizes and types of the Kit-
selman Fence, fence machinery for field
fence building, ornamental fences and
gates, fencing tools. barbed wire, etc.
\Vrite for a copy of this catalog men-
tioning the Michigan Farmer.

“Why Horses Should be Clipped." is
the title of a booklet published by the
Chicago Flexible Shaft Co., Chicago, Ill.
It contains contributions from 16 veteri-
nary surgeons on this most timely topic.
Mention the Michigan Farmer when writ-
ing for a CODY. ‘

 

THE MICH’IGA'N‘ FARMER

 

Compare the Ajax with other guarantees.
1500 miles with Ajax is not worth serious consideration.

 

27—387

QUALITY makes Our Guarantee Possible

You can buy tires represented to be “just as good as” Ajax
but what proof have you that the Quality is there?

We are not the largest manufacturers in the world but we are
the only tire concern clearly defining and guaranteeing the kind
of Quality you are to get for your money, and we have been
thus guaranteeing Quality for the past eight years.

We do not build tires to suit a particular price. The Ajax Written Guarantee
of 5000 Miles sets a standard which must be maintained. Reduction in
Quality means a reduction in Mileage and service of less than 5000 Miles in
l any Ajax Tire means a loss to us.

Then ask yourself if the extra

 

Guaranteed
In Writing
for
5000
MILES

Plain Tread

 

A@@X
TIRES

Guaranteed
In Writing
for
5000
MILES

Non-Skid

 

 

There’s an Ajax dealer near you.

Send us a. postal for his

name and our interesting booklet ‘ ‘Figures That Don’t Lie. ' ’

AJAX-GRIEB RUBBER COMPANY

'1797 Broadway

Factories:

 

New York City

Trenton, 1V. J.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

how efficient

engine.

   

Separator 5‘
Combined

 

Z You’ve Heard a Good Deal

about the “AUTOMATIC” cream separatdr. Must
have, if you read the farm journals.
are using a separator on your farm you’ll say it’s
a corking good idea—just what is needed to get
rid of the drudgery, expense and waste of crank-
ing by hand. Nine out of ten dairymen want
the “AUTOMATIC” when they see it.

If You’re Milking 10 Cows Find Out for Yourself

shift of hitching a gear driven separator to a gasoline

engine. Don’t judge the efficiency of its self-contained

motor by your experience with the ordinary gasoline
hey’re entirely difierent.

THE“AUTOMATIC”

MAGNETO EQUIPPED
is much more dependable: the engine is specially designed for separator use; protected
against balking by aselt-regulating gasoline feed. Can‘t kick. Don‘t take our word for it.
Write any number pf thousands of successful users, some of them in your own neighbor-

hood. and send for AUTOMATIC" catalog. It is thoroughly scientific, deals with gasoline
power and separator facts every dairyman should know.

Write NOW, giving us the name of your dealer and ask for catalog 13

STANDARD SEPARATOR COMPANY,

And if you

it is. How it differs from the make-

POST OFFICE BOXD-33
Milwaukee. Wisconsin

 

 

 

 

AGENTS KgLfinONE-MAN STUMP FULLER

  

\‘ MAKE
‘_’.\_\‘ BIG
; MONEY

'r

  

   
 

  

  
   
 
  

T-T 4’? -'

,. r;
1 " ti

set up and operate without horses.
pound pull at the handle means 600 pound pull
at the stump. Pulls a stump in three minutes at cost
of ac. Also has hundred other farm uses.
but 85 lbs.; goes in alight buggy. Retail price low,
freight prepaid, your commission right.
Iutely guaranteed. Write for liberal offer.

graph-‘7' "Mfg,“ l ...imiini.uuu.5Houdini}

Q , “ :f\.‘_5>- Tf‘o 51"" ’1.

  
 
 
    
 
  

WANTED Only puller made that one man can carry, a
Five -’ .
”We *2 5

Weighs
Abso-

  
  

mlil'fl: ..’4

: Aid . _ .

A. J. KIRSTIN CO. '. f" L , t...
4013 Ludincton Sh. Escanaba. ' 'ch.

 

viilm unnatural“
Is now In the Province of

SASKATGIIEWIIII
Western canada

Do you desire to get a Free
Homestead or 160 Acres of
that well known Wheat Land!
The are. is becoming mom lim-
ited but no less valuable.

New Districts have recently
been opened up for settlement,
and into these railroads are now
masses: .3“ a as m
, E . e w no es ome-

" standing land left.
er-i Swift; Current. Saskatchewan tanner

 
  
    
       
      
   
 
  
  
 

way Beta. o

M. V. McINN ES,
176 Jefferson Ave, Detroit, Mich

\

. r Address Superintendent of Immi
Ottawa. Ont... Canada mt“ r.

 

 

 
 
 

D

RANTE D‘

 

 

 
     
  
  
    

$10,000 Backs

this portable wood saw, Guaranteed 1 year—money
refunded and freight paid both ways i unsatisfac-
tory. You can easily earn 810 a day with a.

HERTZLER & 200K
”Will: Saw

m sowing all kinds 0! neighbors' lum-
, - bier. Strictly factory prices—save
. Jobber's profitl. Operates easily.
. Stick aim low—oaw draws it on in:-

mediawa machine starts. Only 810
now to which ripping table can be
Mded. Write [or catalogue.

mm a 100K (20..
Box 23, Idlevllle. Pa.

g“ T YOURIDEAS

' $9.000 offered for certain inven-
' “2“9' Book “How to Obtain a Patent"
and What to Invent" sent tree. Send
rough sketch for free reportas to patent-
sbility. Patents advertised for sale at
our expense in Manutacturers' Journals.

0
CHANDLEE & CHANDLER. Patent Atria
Established 16 You.
1oa7 If. M Wuhinm D. 6.

“Heaven and Hell”b§'°d§:b1%’gefici%llii§-

      
   
 
   
  
 

 

 

 

Pastor Landenberger. VVindsorl’lace, St. Louis. [0'

To make new friends and introduce our catal we will can this
Genuine Wosoenhplm Original Pipe R2: d
Try It 10 days if it is not. worth 35 to on, return it. and we will
refund your mono by return mail.
that proves that we 0 not sell the
Original Pipe Razor for we. Bond 980 today.

nor. for only 980.

0 WI I 8500 to anyone
Genuine page. Woetenholm

’GUKRANTEB‘SALBS co. 354 E. Conuress, Detroit. Michigan.

 


 

 

\

(3342‘

 

ALZE . Otters
Special collection-

“Ower see‘ls' brilliant bloomers-
enough to plant a big garden. Six generous
packages rarest seeds—will give you an

endless amount of flowers during summer
and fall.

Six packages postpaid for

1 pkg. Elegant Actors
1 pkg. Lovely Alyssum
1 pkg. Bri ht Petunias
1 pkg. 3 ant Poppies
1 pkg. Blue Cenmurea

 

 

. you; r. .

m 14 cts. EasilyworthSScts.
Salzer’ s collection
vegetable seeds. of favorite vege-
tables in generous packages. Will furnish
rich. juicy vegetables and lots and lots of
them during spring and summer. Enough

to plant a big kitchen garden. One package
each Salzer’ s Earliest Cabbage, Short Horn

Carrot, Early Market Cucum-

ber,Prizehead Lettuce, Mixed

Onion and FlashL Light Rad-

ish. _ Easily worth 35 cents— c
all 51x. postpaid. for

Combination otter.

 

 

above two for 25 cents or

[ Send 30c and we add

 

the wonderful New
Earliest Red Riding
Hood Tomato Nov-
elty, alone costing 15c.

 

O

Special Farm Seed 0iicr

For 10 cents we gladly mail one package each
new$1.000Prlze MarqumsWheat Twentieth
Century Alfalfa. Rejuvenated Bonanza
Oats. and many other farm seed samples.
together with our great seed book.

Don’t fail to get our big 1913 catalog and premium
list. Free for the asking. Send for it and one or
all of the above special offers.

JOHN A. SALZER SEED C0.
135 South Eighth St., LaCrosse, Win.

 

 

GROW ROOT CROPS
for Bigger Live Stock Profits

 

v:.~‘ —- u-

Leading - . ‘E-L
feeders are now
substituting Mangels and
other roots with best results for
part of the grain ration of stock.
These act as a food tonic and con-
ditioner and ipossess great teed
value. Man 9 s per acre will yield
better than cm as regards total
feed value. V’aughan‘s Seed Store
is U. S. headquarters for high bred
Turnlps Mangels and Carrots.
New Ma nel Barres Sludatrup
Introdu by Danish Gov’t as
world record holder for high dry
matter content—real feeding value.
Pricele, 25c c; lib. 80c postpaid,
or liberal trial packet, free booklet.

“Root Crops” and. seed
catalog, 10c.

'VAUGHAu’s seen sroRe, "
Dept. Ii 31 to 33 W. Randolph 8t" Clings, Ill.

 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
   
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
   

 

WEEDLESS FIELD SEEDS

Are what we are trying harder than ever to furnish
our customers. F AMPLES will show that we
come pretty near doiiFg it. In many varieties we DO
IT Red Mammoth Alsike. Alfalfa. Timothy. Orchard
Grass Sweet Glover and all ot t_.hers f seed of any
kind to sell. send samples and price. Write toda1.

0. M.SCOTT & SON, 56 Main Street. Marysville. Ohio.

FOR SALE.

( ommon Red Clover Seed. true to name.

(l1 con Mountain Potatoes, gre; 1t bligtht resists-rs.

"inc k Victor Outs, :1 grc .it fe< ding oat

Wing' s White Cap Corn. thoroughly acclimated.
fire- dried. COLON C. LILLIE, Coopersville. Mk h

STRAWBERRY PLANTS—

of best quality in any quantity, also Raspberries,
Blackberries. Gooselierrles. Currants. Grape
Vines. etc. W o grow and sell all kinds of Small
Fruit Plants. Send for our catalog; it will save
and make you money.

Bridgman Nursery C0,. Box 8, Bridgman. Ilich.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW

All Standard Varieties. Also RASPBERRY. BLACKBERRY.
CURRANT and GRAPE Plants and ASPARAGUS Roots in
ASSORTMENT. WARRANTED TRUE-TO-NAME. and of
GRADE represented. Catalogue with Cultural instructions Free
0. E. WHITTEN, BOX I4. BRIDGMAN. MICHIGAN,

—100 varieties—$2 per 1000.

Strawberry Planlts Eafiysnd mugged pm:

t A as no as grow—a argalns.
léozfghgsgpgggm roo BG .PRE TAGE, Allegan, Mich

F WE CAN’T SAVE YOU MONEY don’t buy but
send for our Catalogue and see. Apple Trees 80,
Peach 30, Cherry 80. Pear 150 and up. All]! inds
of Shade Trees. LBerry plants. Roses Privet. etc.
A11 Orange or lunt that bear free with
order. ERNST NURSE IES. B012. Moscow, Ohio.

500, 000 TREES, APPLE, PEACH, ETC.

1 ts. Catalo’ us Free.
mongawberryEp. an SON. eneva. Ohio.

   

 

 

O thbert—your order for any quant-
Raspb" r19 HINTS it}; fillcdby tlie largest praiiducer fitn-
D t. oist arket. For informs. lon an pr oes wr1 e
e r N,OOK Overlook Farm, Rochester, Michigan.

[rs—Reg. Swedish Select and Imfi‘t American. Two
0 best yield ers‘.i Also SE EED 8('10 N. Seed Potatoes
Clover. Timothy and GARDEN EEDS. Samples and
catalog tree. TBEO. BURT it? SON, Melrose. Ohio.

EED CORN~Mich. Yellow Dent. home

5 d R B semwlrlnsflfe tar-(god. “Stead
Fleeean on. w a 980 as on

gglgaenllpie 313d circular. F. A. Bywater,Memphis,Mioh

Mention the Michigan Farmer
when writing to advertisers.
‘ _

 

 

T.'H‘E ' M I c H'I GA N

FARMER.

Making Bordeaux Mixture.

 

While the lime-sulphur sprays have
substituted to quite an extent the old
Bordeaux mixture, this latter preparation
is a, very important one to the farmer
and fruit grower. It has been in use in
in the United States for over a quarter
of a. century, having been introduced in
1887 by the United States Department of
Agriculture, and in that time through its
variety of uses in keeping fungus dis-
eases in check it has won its way into
the general culture scheme of growers of
fruits and vegetables so that it will be
displaced with difficulty by other sprays
that may even be better adapted to the
purpose than is Bordeaux.

As suggested above, Bordeaux mixture
is used for fighting fungus dib‘eases only.
Insects are-not affected at all when the
trees or plants upon which they feed
are Sprayed with this mixture, but it is
used in the fight against such fungous
growths as apple scab, pear scab, leaf
spots, mildews of grapes, grape rot, p0-
tato blight, bitter blight, cherry leaf, etc.

What it Consists Of.

There are but three things used in the
preparation of Bordeaux mixture; they
are water, lime, and copper sulphate.
The important constituent is copper sul-

averuge homestead. There will be re-
quired a 50-gallon barrel, two tubs that
will hold at least 25 gallons, two wooden
buckets and a long-handled wooden pad-
dle for stirring the solution. On either
side of the barrel place one of the tubs
and in one of these pour 25 gallons of
water. In this water dissolve four pounds
of copper sulphate by suspending it in a
coarse sack, watching that the chemical
is entirely below the surface of the wat-
or, This will require from one to two
hours to dissolve. (Should one be in a
hurry the copper sulphate could first be
placed in a bucket and covered with a
quantity of warm water which would
dissolve it in. much less time, when it
could then be trunSferred to the tub and
diluted to 25 gallons with cold water). In
the other tub slake four pounds of fresh
stone limc. Do this carefully by adding
a. small amount of hot water frequently
enough to keep the lime from burning
and have it so that when the ‘slakiug is
completed the material will be in the
form of thick paste. In this condition
it should be allowed to cool, when it
should be diluted to 25 gallons with wat-
er. This is called milk of lime. Now the
diluted copper sulphate solution and the

 

 

The One-man Spraying Outfit of
phatc. This chemical prevents the growth
of spores of the different diseases men-
tioned. But copper sulphate itself has a
causiic action and something must be
uscd to overcome this or the folizlg'e of
the plants on which the preparation is
uscd will be damaged, so the lime is em—
ployed to neutralize this action of the
copper sulphate. Not only does the lime
do this, but it also givc-s the. mixture a
sticky cffcct, which causes it to adhere
more closely to the plant. The water is
used to facilitate the diStribution of the
other olemcnts. By diluting in water it
is possible to distribute the mat-rials
evenly over the surface of the foliage and
branches, and yet not have it so abund—
ant in any place that damage will result.

The Amounts to Use.

The proportion of these three elements
required will vary with the purpose for
which the preparation is to be used. The
mixture is usually compounded by using
four pounds of copper sulphate, four
pounds of lime and 50 gallons of water,
usually dcsiguated by the formula 4-4—50.
This strength can be used on apples,
cherries, pears and all kinds of plums
except the Japanese varieties For
Spraying potatoes for b‘light the strength
is usually increased so as to use six
p011nds of copper sulphate, six pounds of
lime and 50 gallons of water, being indi-
cated by the formula 6-6—50. To reduce
the russetiug of apples which is frequent—
ly caused by 118mg the Bordeaux too
strong at the July and August sprayiugs,
the strength is usually reduced to three
pounds of copper sulphate, three pounds
of lime and 50 gallons of water. For
spraying Japanese plums the strength
generally used is two pounds of copper
sulphate, two pounds of lime and 50 gal-
lons of water. From this it would ap-
pear important that the grower know to
what use he intends putting the mixture
when he is compounding it. The first
combination mentioned above, is called
the standard strength and whenever
Bordeaux mixture is spoken of this form-
ula is the one commonly meant.

Equipment Needed and How to Mix

Small Quantities.

The equipment required for mixing this
material where only a small quantity is
needed, as in the home orchard consist-
ing of a few trees, can usually be pro-
vided from 'material at hand around the

\

 

C. E. Rowley, of lngham County.

milk of lime are rcudy‘to be mixed to-
gclhcr into the Flo-gallon barrel. Two
persons are necessary to perform this op-
ci'zltiou. Have the contents of cuch tub
stirred thoroughly. Then one man with
a bucket dips from the diluted copper

sulphate solution und pours it from the

bucket into the l)€ll‘l‘€'l while the other
mun simultaneously dips from the milk
of lime and pours into the barrel, allow-
ing the two streams from Ihe buckets to
run together, thus thoroughly mixing
them. This process is continued until
the entire contents of thc two tubs has
been transferred 10 the barrel.

How to Compound Large Quantities.

\l'hen commercial orchards are being
treated. it is desirable to mix Bordeaux
in such large quantities that the above
]n(ztllu(l is 11m expedient, and the plan of
using stock solutions is followed. This
method avoids delay in reloading the
spray tank and enables, the grower to
cover a much larger arc-a of the orchard
than would be possible by the above
plan.

Stock Solution of Lime—Tn order to
follow this method it is essential to
have a stock solution of lime and this
Should be prepared with some care.
\Vcigh out 50 pounds of fresh stone lime
and sinks in a box or barrel. About eight
gallons of water will be needed to start
this action. Continually stir the lime
while it is Sinking and add water as
needed from time to time to prevent the
tempcruture becoming too high and
burning the material. 011 the other hand
too much water should not be used as
it, too, will prevent a complete sinking
of the lime. After this work is com—
pletely done and the lime is in the con-
dition of a thick paste, it should be per—
mitted to cool, as indicated above, where
small quantities of Bordeaux are being
made. When this lime is cold, if the
sinking has been done in a box, it should
be tranSferred to the stock solution bar—
re] and sufficient water added to make
50 gallons. When this material is well
mixed each gallon of solution will con-
tain one pound of lime, which will ena—
ble one to get the proper proportion in
his final mixture.

Copper Sulphate Solution.~A stock so-
lution of copper sulphate is easily made.
Take a 50-gallon barrel and fill it nearly
full of water. Suspend in a. coarse sack

MARCH 22, 1913..

50 pounds of copper sulphate so that it
will be just immersed in the water. It
will require several hours for, this mate-
rial to dissolve and when it is, add suffi-
cient water to bring the total volume up
to 50 gallons, which, when well stirred,
will make each gallon of liquid hold one
DOund of the copper sulphate.

Keeping the Solution.

Since these stock solutions are fre-
quently held over from one spray time
to another, it is important to note the
exact quantity remaining at the end of
each spraying in each of the containers,
and this should be marked dowu so that
when the materials are again used suffi-
cient water can be added to each solu-
lion to make up for the evaporation that
has occurred since the- materials were
laSt used. One can easily understand the
neocssity for doing this since by evap-
oration the sirength of the. two solutions
would be increased. By adding an
amountof water equal to that evuporat~
ed the solutions will continue to hold one
pound of chemical to each gallon of wat-
er, making it possible to compound the
Bordeaux accurately.

Equipment for Making Large Batches.

To save labor and expedite the mixing
operations certain equipment is neces-
sary. Water should be supplied in ample
quantities, either by an elevated tank
or by some water pressure system. A
platform should be provided with two
levels, one from four to six feet higher
111311 the other and the lowest sufficiently
high so that the mixture can run by
gravity from it into the spray tank. 011
the upper platform there should be two
barrels for holding the stock solutions
mentioned above and two other dilution
tunks of a capacity not less than 100
gallon.\‘. There should also be room on
this platform for the operator to work.
(In ihe lowci' platform there should be
a mixing tank having a capacity equal
10 the spray tank being used. If the
water supply is from 2111 elevated tunk
that tank should be sufficiently high to
dcliver water into the dilution tank on
the higher part of this platform, or if
pressure systcm is provided the water
should be of sufficient pressure to deliv-
er the water at the same point. Anoth-
or method of bringing the water up to
llll‘ required lcvcl is to use a pump,
many large growers using gnsoiiue power
for doing the work, and pump the water
directly into the dilution tanks.

The Process of Mixing.

Supposing, now, we desired to make
100 gallons of Bordeaux mixture ai‘lcr
the 4-4-50 formula. According to the
formula it WOuld need eight gallons of
stock solution of lime and eight gallons
of stock solution of cepper sulphate, since
lhcse amounts would contain eight
pounds of lime and eight pounds of cop—
per ~sulphute respectively. The eight
gz’lllons of milk of lime is placed in one
of the dilution tunks and the eight gul-
lons of copper sulphate in the other di-
lution tank. To each one of these mix—
1111'cs is added 42 gallons or water. This
will reduce both the milk 0f lime and the
copper sulphate solutions to 50 gallons
each. These materials can now be
drawn off into the mixing tank below.
To do this strcams of equal size should
bc allowed to run fI‘Om such of those
dilution tanks through a brass wire
:‘ll'illlll'l‘ into lilo mixing tank. Here the
material is held until the spray, tuuk
comics for its supply, when the finishcd
liiol'dcaux is pcrmitted to run directly
from this mixing tank into the spray
inuk.

Testing the Mixture.

Should there be present a too small
amount of lime to overcome the caustic
action of the copper sulphate damage is
certain to result to the foliage sprayed,
and it is therefore desirable to test the
matcl'ial to know whether it has been
compounded properly. This is usually
done by using ferrocyanide of potassium.
Procure ten cents worth of this chemi-
cal from your druggist and dissolve in a
pint of wuter. Take a sample of the
Bordeaux mixture and drop a very little
of the fel'rocyanide of potassium into it.
If a. reddish brown color appears more
lime is needed in the mixture. If, on
the other hand, there is no discoloration
caused by the addition of the ferl'ocyanide
of potassium then there is sufficient lime
and no damage will reSult from the use
of the mixture.

Use Wooden Vessels.

It is absolutely essential that wooden
vessels be used in the compounding of this
mixture. Where iron receptacles are em-
ployed they will be acted upon by the

copper sulphate, which will not only spoil ,

the vessels themselves, but will also ren-
der the chemical useless as a spray mix-
ture. By using wooden tanks, wooden

 

 

 

 

,....., .._..

an...”

 


 
 

 

 

 

i
l,
l
i
\

 

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

buckets, and'wooden containers, of all
kinds, disappointment from the above
source will be avoided. It is equally de-
sirable, where it can be done, to have
the hoops on the barrels and tanks of
wood as the splashing of the copper sul-
phate solution .upon these naturally cor—
rodes them.
Conclusion.

In making this material the following
points should be kept clearly in mind:
That pure lime, free from alr-slaked par-
ticles be employed; that the slaking be
done thoroughly; that the mixing of the
dilute solutions of the milk of lime and
the copper sulphate be done carefully;
that accurate weights and measurements
be made, and finally, that the test be
given in order that the operator may
know that his work has been properly
done.

HOW TO SPRAY APPLES.

 

From the results that we got from
spraying apples during the- past season
a great many of us have, or ought to
have, realized that we do not know how
to spray. The poor results so general
were usually due to two things, the lack
of thoroughness, and not spraying at the
right time. For any season these two
things are important but they were em-
phasized by the peculiar season of 1912.
The season, being wet and cold, encour-
aged the development of fungous dis-
eases and, being cold, checked the de-
velopment of the codling moth so that it
did not appear until about two weeks
after the normal time in the case of the
second brood of the moth. The first
brood was nearly a week late.

The First Spray.

In scale infected districts the annual
application of lime-sulphur f0r scale is
important and necessary. Even where it
is not absolutely necessary the added
invigoration and cleaning up that the
trees get would make this dormant ap-
plication profitable.

To get the mOSt good out of this scale
spray it should be applied in spring on
days when it is not freezing. When the
leaf buds are swelling is a very good
time. When applied at this time the
lime-sulphur, Ibesides controlling the
Scale, does much good by killing the win-
ter spores of scab and other fungous dis-
eases.

' The Second Spray.

The next spraying is principally im-
portant as a fungicide. But, even so,
it will be profitable to add the poison to
this spray. While we may spray for sev-
eral seasons without the poison and get
good results, we can never tell when the
bud moth or the spring canker-worm will
trouble us. if the summer strength of
lime-sulphur is used at this time it will
pay us to use the arsenate of lead with
it for juSt the added fungicidal value we
get out of the spray. Arsenate of lead
has only very slight value as a fungicide
but when added to the lime-sulphur Will
increase its value almost 50 per cent.

The spraying before the blossoms
should be put on within ten days or two
weeks before the blossoming time. Be-
fore that time the blossom clusters have
not developed ‘and spread out so as to
make it possible to thoroughly cover the
stems with spray. This covering of the
blossom stems with spray material is
important, as often we have a fungus
which attacks the stems shortly after
blossoming time and this will cause the
dropping of well fertilized blossoms which
would have otherwise developed into
fruit.

The Third Spray.

The next application of spray is un-
doubtedly the most important one for
the control of the insect pests of the
apple. It is especially important in the
control of the codling mith which is the
greatest insect foe. A great many west-
ern people have found a thorough appli-
cation at this time so efficient that they
did not need to spray again that season
for the codling moth. Conditions here,
however, are different and, while this
spraying controls the moth quite well, we
have never found it quite efficient enough
to neglect the sprayings. _

About three-fourths of the first brood
of the codling moth enter the apple at
the blosgom end. Therefore, it is very
important to fill this blossom or calyx
end with poison. To get the best results
the spraying should be started when
about one-half of the blossom petals
have fallen. At this time practically all
of the calyx cups are open. If we wait
until about all of the petals are off man}r
of the calyx cups of the earlier formed
fruits will haVe closed and our spraying
so far as those individual fruits are con-
cerned will be 'of very little value.

   

The Fourth Spray.

Many authorities consider this next
spraying mainly for its fungicidal value.
It has, however, considerable value as a
insecticide. Most all ofrthe eggs of the
codling moth are laid on the upper side
of the leaves. TheSe eggs do not hatch
until about three or fOur weeks after
blossoming time. The newly hatched
worm will often feed a little on the
foliage before it gets to the apple. There-
fore, if we can have the foliage well cov-
ered with spray we will check the work
before it gets to the fruit.

Our spray bulletins tell us that we
shOuld apply this spray about two weeks
after the one put on at blossoming time.
Usually this is the right-time. Some-
times we have unusually cold weather
for that time of the year when better re—
sults could be had if the spraying had
not been done until three weeks after
instead of two. The past season was
one of these exceptions to the rule.

Regardless of how thoroughly the
spraying at blossoming was done it is
most essential to make this application
to get the best results. At this time of
the year there is so much growth and
expansion of the foliage that there will
be a. lot of leaf surface which has no
spray on and which ought to be covered
to control either insect or fungous
troubles.

The Fifth Spray.

The next and the last spraying is for
the control of the second brood of the
codling moth. The usual normal time for
making this application is about the first
of August. There are, however, such
variations in the seasons that We have
to use some method of determining. more
accurately, the proper time for each sea-
SOn to get the best results. Banding
the trees and determining the time by
the study of the habits of the codling
moth is a simple and valuable method
for this purpose. This will be explained
in another article in the near future.
Lime-Sulphur a Good All-around Spray.

During the past few years lime-sulphur
has firmly established itself as a worthy
successor of Bordeaux mixture as asum-
mer fungicide. Practically all of our
best fruit growers are now using it. A
few still have the inclination to use Bor-
deaux mixture before the blossoms and
then use lime-sulphur for the other
sprayings, We are just as likely to have
Bordeaux injury (russeting of the fruit)
from this one application before the blos-
soms as we are if we used it after. We
may use it for several years without any
apparent injury, but it is liable to ap-
pear in any season and do considerable
damage. Tests have shown that lime-
sulphur will give just as good results as
Bordeaux when used at this time.

One to forty is the best strength of the
commercial lime-sulphur to use for the
summer sprayings, and one to eight or
one to nine for the scale spray. Arse-
nate of lead is the only poison we can
add safely to lime-Sulphur. It is the most
expensive poison in common use but it
is worth its extra cost. Two pounds to
50 gallons of spray is sufficient for good
results.

The combination of lime-sulphur and
arsenate of lead increases the efficiency
of both ingredients. For economy, efil-
cicncy. and ease of application we have
nothing to equal it for spraying the ap-
ple. “'hen lime—sulphur is used the fruit
has greater glossiness and vastly better
color than when Bordeaux mixture is the
summer fungicide.

Van Buren Co. F. A. WILKnN.

SAVE GOOD MANURE FOR THE
x GARDEN.

There is usually a choice in the manure
produced about the farm buildings and
when the manure is being put upOn the
land the husbandman who has the in-
terest of the home garden at heart will
see to it that the best of this manure,
(that which has had chance to decay
making the plant food contained in it
quickly available for the plants and de-
stroying the weed seeds that it might
contain) is put upon the garden plot.

GOOD SEEDS.

 

 

The success of the farm depends upOn
g00d seed. Ask for prices on high grade
clover, alsike, alfalfa, timothy, winter
vetch, cow peas, soy beans, seed and fod-
der corn.
on alfalfa and winter vetch. Information
mailed free of charge. Write today and
mention the Michigan Farmer. Alfred J.
BrOWn Seed 00.,7 Grand Rapids, Mich.
-—Advt.

bad bargain.

 

 

d. “HI-r - . . I ' ' s.” ll ‘ fl
mmwmuqu. - M-‘ ‘L I ' ‘ .. . g
“scarier.“ WT" WZUN 83"

nd Value More Than Doubled

HEN Mr. Honeycutt of Lee County, Illinois,
bought a run down 400-acre farm about three years
ago, some of his neighbors thought he had made a

After three years’ soil treatment by scientific methods, he raised
more than eighty bushels of corn to the acre on land that produced less

than thirty bushels the first year he farmed it. -
At forty cents a bushel, that figures about $42.00 an acre, not less

tion of $200 an acre.

meet any and all conditions.

ashes as required.

hill, or down.

   

your work. Ask to see an

an

”ll:

     

W/
’/

Chicago

his land, which is not by any means the best in the state. .
probability it is not as good as theland you are farming. His success IS
due entirely to his up-to-date, common-sense methods of stock feeding
and soil fertilizing. You can do as well or better than he has .done
when you begin to supply your soil with the kind and Quantity of
fertilizer it needs, and spread manure evenly With an

1H C Manure Spreader

I H C Manure Spreaders are made in various styles and sizes to
There are low machines and hi h; steel
frames, and wood; wide, medium and narrow machines, all 0
teed capacity; return and endless aprons; in short, a spreader
meet your conditions and made to spread manure, straw, lime, 01:

than $14.00 of which is clear profit, representing 7 per cent on a valua-
Mr. Honeycutt paid less than half that price for

In all

uaran- .
uilt to

I H C Spreaders will spread manure evenly on the level, going up
The wheel rims are wide and are equipped with
Z—shaped lugs, which provide ample tractive power withOut Jarring
the machines excessively. The apron moves on large roller
beater drive is positive, but the chain wears only one side.
The I H C dealer will show you the most effective machine for

The '

I H C manure spreader. You. can

get catalogues from him, or, if you prefer, write

International Harvester Company of America -

lull} . (Incorporated)

USA

ollmnnnnounmnumnnnnnnnnnnnmmmnmw

 

 

Let us send you our booklet '

 

ALFALFA

We have spent $12,000 instructing over
200,000 farmers how to grow alfalfa. Our
free booklet makes a certainty of this
crOp if our directions are followed. We
receive each year hundreds of letters
from our customers saying that their
fields planted with our seed, and under
the same conditions as other fields plant-
ed with seed f om other sources, haVe in
every instanc out—yielded the meadow
secured from other seed than our own.
We could sell much cheaper alfalfa seed
than we do, but we refuse to handle any-
thing but the very best, which costs us
more than the price at which ordinary
alfalfa seed retails.

Write to-day for free catalog, which tells all
about. the best seeds grown.

WiNG SEED 80.. Box 242, Mechanicsburg. Ohio.

Goldln Ideal Deni Seed corn-indignant;
J. S. DRAPER. Decatur. Michigan.

—Spreads as evenly
as a snow fall. any
quantity desired.
and does not balk.

CLEMENT MFG. 00.. Adrian. Lflchig‘an.

 

 

SHOW FENCE POSTS AND WINDBREAK.

Hardy Oatalpo 3“. to 4 ft. .. .. ..100 for 83.00
Norway Spruce. Transplantere ......... ..l()0 for 52.“)
Blue Spruce, Transplanters ................. 100 for $3.00
Delivered at your station. Nursery in Northern Michigan.
Peninsular Evergreen Tree Co., Harrisville. Alcona Co.,Mich.

SEEDBEANS

Spring Rye and Buckwheat.
Northern Michigan Grown.
ASK FOR PRICES.

TRAVERSE GITY MILLING 00.
Traverse City, Mich.

Bargains in new and shop-
worn Machinery, all thor-
oughly overhauled. Every-
. thing uaranteed. Light

Power 8 rayers on skids, complete with two-horse
engine, 95. Large Power Sprayers $139 to $165.
Get our circular and terms

RIMES MFG. 00.. 431 River Street, LANSING. MICHIGAN.

 

 

 

 

WANIE — gents to sell Farmers Accent Book. Easy
se ler, Home territory, bi inducements.

 

Address. Naylor Farm Book 00., 937 t. Wayne, Ind

 

  

 

Labeling a bag “Sugar Beet Fer- 1,5,,
tilizcr”doesn’t make the stuffin the $531.35.;
bag the most profitable fertilizer. Vii! ’
«I. 5 A study of the brands registered 0}:
he} as Sugar Beet I‘Cl‘tlllZCl‘S shows "s

  
   
     
   

  
 
  

71.1.

“i,

required standard.

4:17 I

\‘\ u

 

that they are merely old brands used
for grain or garden and not new brands
really prepared for beef growing.
composition proves this. They are too low in

POTASH

For sandy loams a 3-6—10 formula is good, and
for heavier soils 3—8—8.
Use from 500 to 1000 lbs. per acre.

Ask your dealer to- carry such brands or to carry Potash
Salts so that you can bring the low grade brands up to the

Their

Write us for prices on Potash Salt:
andfne book on Sugar Beet Culture.
GERMAN KALI WORKS. Inc.
; 42 Broadway, New York; Contimntal Him, Balthore;
f Mmdnock Block, Chicago :Whitnoy Central Bank Bldg. ,
New Orleans; Empire Blip, Atlanta; San Francisco. ‘

P 0 TAS H
PAYS

- 1


 
  

L... .1...- u. no»...

”gm...” ,

V :\T‘“t7/v-f
FLYING

- DUTCHMAN
PL , ER

,..\

Dutchman

 
  

ing away your money.

BLOOMING’I‘ON, ILL.

KANSAS CITY. MO.

DES MOINES. IOWA
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

the highest quality in farm Implements.

ABSOLUTELY ACCURATE.

 
 

Dept 26

 

Variable Drop '
Corn Planter ' .-

If you pay more than $35.00, and freight, for a Corn Planter you are actually throw-

You can save $7.00 to $10.00 and still get the World’s Best Planter. _

The Flying Dutchman Planter which all Flying Dutchman Dealers are selling for
$35.00. F. O. B. our Factory or Warehouses at
INDIANAPOLIS. IND.
COLUMBUS. OHIO
SIOUX FALLS. S. D.

is the very latest and best Com Planter we have ever built. _
From the ground up it is the best Planter that money and brains can produce.
It is backed by the Flying Dutchman reputation, which has for nearly 50 years stood for

EDGE OR FLAT DROP.
The simple Variable Drop device can be instantly changed while the Planter is in
motion to 2, 3 or 4 kernels, to meet any soil requirements. _

1e drop is as positive and accurate as the tick of your watch. Drive fast or slow

and the hills are always in check—absolutely no variation nor scattering.
It can be instantly changed to a Drill—simply move a lever.

Write today for Free Folder showing illustration

of Planter in colors.

about the Flying Dutchman Planter.

Moline Plow Co.

 

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER-

USING ‘COAL ASHES ON CLAYEY
LAND.

D FLYING,
pULLCHMAN
\ NTER_

 
 
 
 

 
 
     
    
 

MADISON. WIS.
TOLEDO, OHIO
ST. LOUIS. MO.
OMAHA. NEB.

 
        
      
     
 

DROPS 2. 3 or 4 KERNELS.

  
   

Is there any vaIUe in hard coal and
soft coal ashes for heavy, clayey land?
One has advised plowing them in to
soften up the land. XVould black rasp-
berry bushes do well on such soil? In
rainy weather it sometimes remains wet
for several days and then again is very
hard.
Shiawassee Co. SUBSCRIBER.

From the description given of this land
we are of the opinion that it would be
benefited by applying the coal ashes as
suggested. The mechanical condition of
this soil, it seems certain, would be im-
proved since the coarse ashes would open
up the soil to a freer action of the air,
thus encmiraging a more active bacterial
life and consequently the more rapid
preparation of plant food, and would in-
crease its moisture holding capacity and
also reduce the rate of evaporation Of
capillary moisture.

\Vhile black raspberries do best in a.
rich, deep, moist soil there may be a
question on the advisability of planting
the fruit in the inquirer’s land because
of the lack of proper drainage. If the
land can be tiled to rapidly carry away
lsurplus water, and if the clay is loosen-
ed up by the use of coal ashes and the
addition of vegetable matter, then this
soil should give satisfaction as a black
raspberry plantation, providing of course,
that proper cultural methods be followed.

CULTIVATION OF THE SMALL FRUIT.

Cultivation of small fruit should imme-
diately follow planting, and should be

 

    
  

 
 

 
    

Ask your Dealer

         
    
 

MOLINE. ILL.

 

  
   
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
     
  
   
   
 
 
  

[IRE SEEDS

THAT OROW—OEflfllflE—OIMUOLTERATED

’ -- 50c OOLLEOTIOH for 100

' J All packed in big envelope which is good
‘ us part payment on future orders Good for
250 on orders of $1 00 or more. Collection
- nntains one regular lOc packet each of
_ Chomplon Ploklo Cucumbers. Match-
- loco Tom-loos. Prlzo Head Lettuce.
Soulhpon Globe Onlono and large 6-3
I Mixed Sweet Polo Nothing like
equal value ever offered before.
BIG, NEW, ORIGINAL AND FREE
3 DIFFERENT SEED BOOK
9‘ Shows largest. collection of pure garden,
- 4 ,. flower and field seeds ever offered and at

: .uZ/i IA“ 0. big saving in money to y¢111.5"exnlfor

./ I 11.? lit ‘rtiglitnnogv nail e}n‘clr_us)o “'lil‘ your

,. /‘_ Q e or e or to m: o e co cc 1011

/ \‘\\\ described above. Remember catalog
\ ~\i, is free.

Galloway Bros-Bowman Co-

Puro Sood Spoolollsto
P. O. 30: one A ‘NA'I'ERLOO. IOWA

OITEKII’S IIEW ILBEIITI

OATS

THERE IS BIG MONEY IN OATS if You
grow the right kind. RATEKIN'S NEW AL-
BERTA. Canada. OATS grow Bigger Crops. More
Buahcls per acre and better quality than any Oat in the
World. Our Seed all grown on new virgin soil—clean
ground: free from noxious wccd seeds. from crops
yielding 125 TO 140 BUSHELS PER ACRE
weighing 45 TO 50 LBS. PER BUSHEL.

FREE S‘MPL! Ask for sample and compare

them with any other Iced 0an
offered. or in the World. Our Big illustrated Seed
Catalog of Oats. Seed Corn, Grass. Clover and all kind.
of farm and garden Seeds mailed FREE on Request.

ADDRESS RATEKIN'S SEED HOUSE
SHENANDOAH. IOWA 80x17

 

   

 

   

9 Seed Outs, Speltz,

Barley, Alfalfa, Tim-

othy, Clover, Rape,

~ Soy Beans, Cow Peas,

57 ~ 5 E E Canadian Field Poas,Iiun-
COR Potatoes. eto.. quality first
class. 1100 nor-en. Good farm

need catalog and samples if wanted free. Write

bof on buy.
a. 1:: ySear-If, New Carlisle, Ohio

     

   

 

 
  

0n 3! worth and up. , Strawberry. Raspberry,
Blackberry. Bush Plants. Grape Vines, and Garden Roots.
Extra henvy rooted. high grade stock. No better
plants can be grown. Everything fully guaranteed.
Catalog tree.

A. A. WESTON a 00.. Bridgman. Michigan

6" ‘ Corn.
f?» \ an Seeds 0...,
| .SI-Ilii'is, IMedium. Mammoth and A l s 1 ke

55-2 ;«" I Clover.Timothy,Grasses. Beans.etc.
~‘=:>’ o. c. snannn co..o u Avc.,lledina. o.

The Berlin Quart Our Specialty

A WHITE package which insures
highest prices for your fruit.

Write for 1913 catalog show-
ing our complete line. and secure
your BASKETS, CRATES. etc. at
1 WINTER DISCOUNTS

Ihl IEIILII FBOIT IOI 60..
lulln liolglm. 0M0.

 
 
      
    

 

         
    
 
 

      
 
  
 

 

THE MODERN GARDEN

With its long, narrow rows that require thor-
ough and constant working,M U ST have tools
that are easy to adjust and operate' that sow, and
cultivate perfectly. Many farmers who have steam
heat and a tclcpho' e are still using old—fashioned
tools. Do YOU use a hand hoe?

.. 11mm “Stilt?“

\ . save half time. make bigger and better crops
1 The view shows one of 38 combinations ”011152.50 to
12.00—0ul‘ No. 6 Combined will sow in continuous
raws or in hills, cultivate, weed, hoe, ridge, open
,‘ furrows, etc. Parts changed quickly, Can pur-
chase in simplest form and add to as needed.
w. Ask your dealer to show these tools and write
’ ,_ us for new booklet, "Gardening With Mod.
~. ern Tools." We make full line ofpotato
‘ machines,spraycrs for all purposes.ctc.
‘ Bateman M'f’g 00.

Box 1041
. Ԥ'be Grenlocli,N.J. SAVED
-~'€la\}_§

. V A. 'm ,
BEST "I THE WORLD
Prices Below All Others
I will give a lot of new
sorts free with every order I
fill ‘Buyand test. Return if
not 0. K —money refunded
Big Catalog FREE
Over 700 illustrations of vege-
tables and flowers. Send yours
‘ and your neighbors addresses

R. H SHUMWAY Rockford, Illinois.

BIG SEW 800* FREE
Just out. Contains
92 pages of valuable and useful information with
prices on implements and ALL KINDS OF SEEDS.
including Alsike. Alfalfa. Crimson, White. Red and
Sweet Clover. Timothy. Grass and Field Seeds, Bar-
ley, Seed Oats. Seed Corn, and'. a complete line of
Vegetable and Garden Seeds. Simply send your
name and address on a postal to

THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED 8: IM-
PLEMENT 00., Dept. O. Toledo, Ohio

MICHIGAN VAR lETIES

Grown for Michigan’s Soil and Climate.

We offer stock of superior founlity, every tree
true to name and guaranteed to reach purchaser
in fresh live condition.

Young Fruit Trees, Berry Plants,

Roses, Shrubs and Evergreens

are fully described in our latest catalog. It is
free to anyone who expects to plant nursery
stock in the spring. Address:

The Michigan Nursery Company,

Winkworth é‘: Sons,
Monroe. Michigan.

PURE. FIELD SEEDS

Clover. Timothy, Alsike. Alfalfa and all kinds of.
Pure Field Seeds direct from producer to con-
sumer: free from noxious weeds. Ask for earn 199.
A. C. HOYT. G: 00.. Fostorlu. 0 io.
SE E D Farm at al price.

wants for

—._._.. Sen lat of
prices. ALLEN & SONS. GENEVA. OHIO

   
 
 
 
  
    
 
 
   
 
 
  

  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
    
   
    
   
 

 

 

 

 

—Flower. Ve etalplo and

repeated at frequent intervals during the-
spring and summer. The appearance of
weeds should not be waited for, as the
cultivation is for the crop rather than for
the destruction of weeds. In general it
,should be shallow rather than deep,
[though when the soil becomes hardened
by the impact of heavy rainfall or the
,tramping of berry pickers the grower
Ishmnld not hesitate to break it up by
,3running a sharp cultivator, or even a
flight one—horse plow, to the depth of
lthree or four inches between the rows.
llf the soil is properly prepared and the
jcultivation regularly kept up, this tear-
ing up will rarely be neceSsary except
after the harvesting of a crop of fruit.
il‘rovided the soil is in condition to work,
lonce a week is not too frequent for the
,shallow cultivation of the small fruits
:«luring the growing season. and during the
July and August drought that frequently
lprevails the surface soil should rarely
remain unstirrcd longer than four or five
'days. Toward the end of summer, par-
ticularly on rich and moist soils, culti—
'alion of the bush fruits should be less
frequent, and it should entirely cease
some time before the. first frosts occur.
The use of the hoe in small-fruit planta-
tions should be avoided as far as possi-
ble, but when needed booing should be
promptly done. \Yith land in good filth
and clean at the start, with fertilizers
free from grass and weed seeds, the nec-
essity of the hoe as formerly practiced is
greatly reduced.

New York. T. A. TEFFT.

 

FLOWER FOOD.

 

 

 

All plant life requires certain elements
toiflourish, and principal among those
is nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash,
all of which are supplied naturally and
in sufficient amounts for grass and trees,
but not enough where the same crop is
raised on a certain limited piece of
ground.

Flowers are generally restricted to the
house pots or the small beds out’ of
doors, and the food elements are rapidly
exhausted, with the result that the flow-
ers are weak and small, the stems frail
and the leaves of a pale color, all of
which can be remedied by home-made
fertilizers which, applied judiciously, will
benefit all vegetation to which they are
fed.

One of the very best preparations for
the flower raiser is a mixture of bones
and lye which, allowed to stand a few
weeks will become converted into a.
jelly—like mass. This contains plant food
elements, as nitrogen. potash, phosphoric
acid and lime, and they are all available,
that is, they will be taken by the plants
in the form in which they are ‘here found.
To use this preparation, put about a
tablespoonful into four or five quarts of
water and use this to wet the earth, but
it should be used with extreme caution,
as too much will do harm by forcing
plant growth. Once weekly will probably

"be enough.

If one does not care to go to the trou-
ble to make the bone-mixture, super-

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

phosphate of lime and salt peter equal
parts, ground and carefully» mixed, will
furnish lime, nitrogen and phosphoric
acid, while wood ashes will give pot‘ash
and a teaspoonful of hartshorn, or am-
monia to the water will give the am-
monia.

All soil must have humus, and the
best way to get this easily and quickly
is to‘get leaf mold from the timber, the
fine decayed leaves. This, mixed with
common soil, will make it porous, a. very
necessary condition to plant life.

Iowa. A. F, BONNEY.
SPRING WORK IN THE STRAWBERRY

BED.

 

 

In case a liberal winter mulch was sup—
plied it will be necessary to loosen the
material directly above the crowns of

many of the plants, to permit the new _

leaves and the fruit buds‘ to push up
unobstructed, and this should be done
as soon as there is any indication of
growth in the plants. In this connection
I will say that under certain conditions,
plants will start growth more quickly
under a mulch than without it. Under a
condition of deeply frozen soil and heavy
mulch, frost in the ground may be con-
served and plant growth delayed; but
with an unfrozen ground and a light
mulch, heat from the sun will penetrate
t0 the soil, imparting warmth thereto in
no small'meaSure, the mulch acting as
a blanket to retain the heat during the
night; but growth made under these con-
ditions will not be normal. If the mate-
rial is not too heavy, the new growth
will work up through the. mulch and, af-
ter a time, apparently recover in strength
and vigor,

In loosening the mulching, it is best
not to remove it from over the plant
more than is necessary to admit light to
the, crown and permit the new leaves to
grow up through it, for this mulch will
render invaluable service as a moisture
conserver, and, to possess the greatest
('lIiciem-y, it should cover the entire sur-
face and lie close to the ground as pack-
ed by snow, rain and time.

Notwithstanding all due vigilance and
care in tillage and weeding during the
active summer growth of the plants, the
writer has always found it necessary to
do a greater or less amount of spring
weeding in the fruiting bed. Some of
this noxious plant growth is introduced
with the application of the mulch, but
no matter how it gets there it must be
removed if the grower does not wish to
let these useless plants share with the
strawberries in the sunshine, and mois-
ture and plant food in the soil.

Treatment for fungous diseases, and
insect pests should begin with spring
growth, and continue till the appearance
of bloom. This work has not been made
a regular feature in strawberry growing
to the extent that it has with tree fruits;
however, conditions will change for the
better, as growers come to understand
more fully the nature of the plant and
realize that it has enemies in the nature
of fungous diseases and insect pests, and
that it is highly profitable for the grower
to assist nature in combating ,them.

Emmet Co. M. N. EDGERTON.

TO SAVE GIRDLED TREES.

“’hile the method described is not new,
it is well enough to remind fruif growers
of a good thing. Mice and rabbits have
been busy through the winter. and there
may be young apple trees that have had
every vestige of bark removvd near the
ground. If it has been only part way
around, it will have a chance to heal
over, but where no bark is left it will be
necessary to bridge over the injured part
with seions. To do this cut several
smooth limbs or small shoots about the.
size of a lead pencil, before the sap be-
gins to rise, in the spring, and put them
away where they will not freeze, but be
kept moist. In early spring just before
the buds begin to swell, take some of
these scions and cut them a little longer
than the wound 0n the tree. Trim each
end in the. form of a wedge, and after
splitting the bark of the injured tree
just above and below the wound push in
the wedge ends of the scion and wax
with grafting wax. A tree less than two
inches in diameter will require two of
these, One on each side, while larger
trees will need three or more. ‘Vhen
growth starts in the spring, these scions
will carry the sap across the barked
Space, hence the name of bridge grafts.
The bark will begin to grow from above
and below, and will soon cover all ex-
posed wood as weil as the bridges, so
that the injury will hardly be discerned.

Missouri. H. F. G'RJNSTEAD.

 

 

 

i

 

 

.,....... .-n,~p.wh h.

a

 


 

 

x4...

nus. -.ww

 

 

._ a...» ‘...,._. h.

 

 

MARCH 22, 1913.

.

TIME 70 spa.“ THE DIFFERENT
FRUITS AND 71-15 MATERIALS
useo.

 

The spraying calendar. like Easter, is
not absolutely fixed and unalterable, but,
like Easter, can be definitely determined.
and only by working'strictly by the cal-
endar can fruit growing be successfully
carried On. The time was. and not so
very long ago, when it was not unusual
for men after their corn and potatoes
were planted and there was a lull in the
general farm work, to go out and spray
their apple orchards once and imagine
they had done all that was necessary in
that line. And the next spring when
the topic of spraying was mentioned they
usually were ready to declare with a
good deal of emphasis and some embel-
iShments that “I sprayed last year and
sprayed thorough, and I know that
spraying don’t amount to a, d—n.” From
some observations I have been able to
make it would appear that some men
with orchards are not entirely beyond
such a conception of spraying yet, after
all that has been written and said on
the subject.

Spray Calendar for Peaches.

In the season’s program the first to
receive the spray are the peach orchards.
The purpose of this is two-fold,‘to con-
trol the scale and the curl leaf, and the
lime-sulphur solution is used at a strength
of 1 to 9. \Ve are particular to put this
on during the first few warm days after
snow has disappeared. The curl can
only be controlled by applying the spray
before any growth has taken place, and
a. few warm days, even in March, are
enough to start the sap flowing so that
spraying after that is not effective for
the purpose. There is perhaps little dan-
ger so long as there is freezing nights,
but a very few days when mercury rises
to 70 during the day and does not go
below 40 at night will be sufficient to so
advance the buds that spraying after
that will not hold the curl in check. The
only subesquent spraying we give the
peach is an application of self—boiled
lime-sulphur when the little peaches are
the size of peas and again about a month
in advance of ripening. This is to con-
trol the “smut" and brown rot where
either of these is feared. Should there
be danger of curculio arsenate of lead
may be added to the first of these.

For Cherries.

The next to receive attention are the
cherries. These are sprayed first with
the lime—sulphur, winter strength, for the
Scale at any time. before the buds start.
Some advise another application of weak
lime-sulphur or Bordeaux just before the
blossoms open for rot and leaf spot on
varieties susceptible to these diseases,
but We have not found this necessary.
The strong wash of lime—sulphur may be
put on so near that time that we haVe
not made another until after the petals
have fallen. Just after blossoming a
weak spray of lime-Sulphur, 1 to 35 or 40,
for rot and leaf spot, and with two pounds
of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of spray
for curculio, is made. “’here these dis-
eases are bad it is well to repeat this
same application two weeks later.

For Pears.

The pears are sprayed the first time
just about as the buds are swelling. us-
ing the strong lime—sulphur for the scale,
and put on late like this it serves to de—
stroy the pear llSylla as well. “Ye have
even applied this spray when the leaves
were out :1 quarter of an inch and no
apparent injury resulted. The tips of the
leaves were burned a little. but in a.
very Short time this was not noticeable.
It is of ocurse, not advisable to wait so
long, but where we have been caught and
were a little late we put on the spray,
and we shOuid not hesitate to do so
again, either with pears or apples. After
the blossoms have fallen the pears are
again sprayed with lime-sulphur, 1 to 45
or 50, and arsenate of lead two pounds
to 50 gallons of spray. This is all the
spraying we have found necessary on
varieties that hold their leaves, but with
Anjous and perhaps a feW‘other kinds
a fungus attacks the foliage causing it
to fall, sometimes in September, and such
are benefited with one or two subsequent
sprayings at intervals of two weeks.

For Apples.

Apples are sprayed first before growth
starts with the strong lime-sulphur for
scale. Just as the blossoms are “in the
pink” they are again Sprayed with the
weak lime-sulphur, 1 to 35 or 40, for
scab; We- never have found it necessary
to use-an arsenate in this spray, though
if there were canker worms in the or-
chards it would be wise to put in ar-
senate of lead. Within a. week or ten

. x ; ‘ ‘ ' ’
. ‘galyiurfiaabfi.~bnfiégvy. ,7...“ ..,.,.. «.r..ra.a~..,.g...

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

Gal's at the longest another spraying is
made the same as the former, only ar-
senate of lead is added. In making this,
as well as the former, application, it 18
well to note that some varieties open
th'iiir blossoms later than others, particu-
larly Spies and Tallmans, and these
shOuld be sprayed a little later. ’This
simply lengthens out the season a little,
giving that much more time for the work.
TWO weeks later the apples are again
sprayed with this same mixture. About
August 1 they are again sprayed. this
time- with the usual amount of arsenate
of lead for the later brood of codling
moth. The season of scab is about over
by this time, but as there may be some
danger of its growth we always put in
some lime-sulphur, about 1 to 50. as it
costs but little, as long as the spraying
muSt be done anyway,
For Plums.

For plums the treatment is very sim-
ilar to that of cherries, only it is well to
use arsenate of lead for curculio just as
the buds begin to swell. We always give
the Lombards, Rein Claude and other
varieties that are especially subject to
shot—hole fungus an application of the
dilute lime-sulphur about the first of
July.-

In all of the spraying operations some
allowance must be made for weather
vicissitudes, so it is Well to commence
as early as conditions of growth will per—
mit. Where scale is at all abundant it
is necessary to spray thoroughly on all
sides of the trees, and this cannot al-
ways be done at one application, espec-
ially if the wind is blowing, while the
trees are dormant. It is wise to begin
in time, therefore. so that advantage
may be taken of changes of the wind in
order to cover the opposite sides of the
trees. Again, some of the later spray-
ings must be done in a very short time
and it is not wiSe to depend on winds
from different directions. This is particu-
larly the case with the spraying just be-
fore and after blossoming. At such times
it is well to be provided with nozzles
that carry well. and as the foliage is then
sufficiently advanced to check the force
of the wind somewhat, a more thorough
job can be done while going over the
trees but once.

Allegan Co.

CATALOG NOTICES.

“1913 Strawberries and Other Fruit
Plants," is the title of the new catalog
published by L. J. Farmer, Pulaski. N.
Y.. In this book a number of specialties
interest to

EDWARD flu-roams.

 

are listed which will be of
every commercial fruit grower.

The Year-Book of Stark Bros.’ Nurser—
ies and Orchards CO.. of Louisiana, Mo.,
is a booklet of 64 pages, fully illustrat-

ing and describing a complete line of or-
chard fruit trees. small fruits and orna-
mental trees and shrubs. It also 'con-
tains interesting information on how to
plant and care for trees. Write for a
copy, mentioning this paper.

The 1913 Catalog of the Griswold Seed
Co., of Griswold, Neb., is an ‘80-page
illustrated booklet, describing a full line
of garden and flower seeds and. orna-
mental shrubs as well as nursery stock
and small fruits.

The 1913 catalog of the Peerless Fence,
manufactured by the Peerless \Vire Fence
Co., of Adrian, Mich.. is a 72-page book-
let? illustrating and describing the many
types and styles of fence manufactured
by this company for as many different
needs of the farm. In addition service
gates, as well as ornamental gates and
fencing, are listed, as well as fencing
tools, barb wire, etc.

Stewart Sheep Shearing Machines,
manufactured by the Chicago Flexible
Shaft CO.. La Salle avenue and Ontario
street, Chicago, 111., are fully illustrated
and described in Catalog No, 44 issued
by this company. This is an 80-page
booklet showing the details of installa~
tion and running of sheep-shearing ma-
chines, as well as describing the ma—
chines themselves.

Catalog H, issued by Eureka Mower
Co, Utica, N Y., is a 40- -page booklet
illustmting and describing a full line of
Eureka goods including corn and potato
planters surface cultivators, harrows and
other specialties, as well as the well-
known Eureka Center Draft Mower.
Mention the Michigan Farmer when writ-
ing for this catalog.

Newton “'agons for all purposes are
fully illustrated and described in a 46—
page catalog (No.21), published by the
Emerson- B—rantingham Implement C0., of
Robkford, Ill. This catalog is fully illus-
trated with fine half— tone engravings and
all styles of wagons and wagon equip-
ment are listed therein. Mention the
Michigan Farmer when writing for same

“Profitable Poultry and Egg Produc-
tion,’ is the title of a complete catalog
for 1913, just issued by the Cyphers In-
cubator Co. of Buffalo N. Y. This is a
large- size 244- -page book illustrating and
describing a complete line of incubators.
brooders, poultry appliances, foods and
standard supplies manufactured by this
well known company. In addition it con~
tains much information of value and is
indexed for the convenience of users.
When writing for a copy of this most
complete catalog, mention the Michigan
Farmer.

.qweflr...kn...,.p1...‘,.. ‘ ...... ._ .. ... . ,

 

 

No more repair bills
(3 for IIIaI Roof"

Think of the money you could
have saved if your buildings had
been covered with a roofing that
never had to be coated, graveled
repaired!

01'

You’ll never have to spend

a. cent for coating or repairs if you use

J- M Asbestos Roofing

It 13 the cheapest- -per- year roofing on the market.
J- M Asbestos Roofing is mineral throughout—layer upon layer of pure Asbestos
(rock) fibres everlastingly cemented together with Trinidad Lake Asphalt—literally

a. sheet of pliable stone.

Contains no penshable substance. Has been 111 service on

hundreds of buildings for over a quarter century and is sound today.
Keeps buildings cool in summer. warm in winter. and afiords perfect fire protection

Anyone can apply it.
dealer can '1. supply you.

Don' t take a substitute.
Write today for Sample and Book No. 25-10

Our nearest Blanch will ship direct if your

H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.

Detroit
Indianapolis
Cleveland Kansas Cihl
Dallas Los Angelo: Louisville

For Canada—THE CANADIAN H. W.
Montreal

Albany
Baltimore

Chicago
Cincinnati

 

1511;121:103 mo

5!. Loni:
Syracuse

Minneapolis Philadelphia
[KIDS Pittsburgh
York San Francisco
Milwaukee Omaha Seattle
JOHNS-MANVILLE CO.. LlMl-TED
Winmpeg Vancouver 196‘

 

IT’S better crop

insurance to buy De-
voe 8c Raynolds Co.’s
Pure Paris Green than to
take chances on a good
deal of the paris green
sold in the market. The
name “Dcvoc” is a safe
guide in buying.

For spraying—Devoc Ar-
senate of Lead, Devoe Lime
and Sulphur Solution—they
are perfect sprays.

For painting—Devoe Lead
and Zinc is the best all round
paint sold.

Of dealers everywhere. Write us
for the name of your nearest one.

Dcvoe 8c Raynolds Co.
171 West Randolph St.
Chicago
New York Kansas City

Largest makers of pure paints

PULVERIZED llME ROCK

for correcting acidity in soil. We pulverize
the genuine magnesian rock and ship direct to
you from our new pulverizing plant at; Mus-
kegon, Mich, Write today for sample and
interesting soil literature. Act NOW and double
your crops this season. A postal will do.

LAKE SHORE STONE COMPANY.
MILWAUKEE. wuscousm.

 

 

 

SKIPPED HILLS RAISE
Nb POTATOES

Every hill youl miss in planting b
means money loNsto out 01°“ ‘

your pocket.

chine can plant per-n“-

fectly unless there YX‘b A
dcor- Q§ s e e d

rsection of

misses w Piece in

a“deverf' space
doub- one any. No
le 5.

_ pickcls uised—no in-

Jury 0 see Perfect

113315515 placing of seed and uniform
e spacing. 11’! you see that

it must pay for itself?
Write for new book] let.
"100 per cent yum
flautiug.‘ 'We make full

line Potato Machines,
Gag-den Tools. Sprayers,

BITEIIAII I‘F’B 00.
Box 1045 6renlocl1.ll..l.

 

sfingPRAYERS
ax, w. 0N FREE TRIAL

No money In advance-no bank

deposit. Horse and Man Power

Sprayers for field and orchard, Barrel and

Power Sprayers. High pressure, thorough agi-

tation. Built! to last. Guaranteed forfiyenrs-

We pay freight. Extra profit pays forthe machine.

Write today for our big free catalo ,spraying guide
and special free offer to first In eac localicalit.y1

THE H. L. BURST MFG. COMPANY.

lllllollla'liilst

,9“ TAHL SPRAYERS

We will ship you any Barrel 8 may
1113 Outfit in our caulog‘ tor a tbor
ouch Ten-Doyu’ FRE 2‘2: Test.

log

urNgw
, pocln‘l rec fi'rlasll ffor
- Di-rect- from- lac!

ory-Io- farm Sle ling plan
saves you fully 40$. If not greatest bargain
u ever saw, return it—test costs nothlng.

alum WOO...“ 3921 Quincy. III.

          

  
    
   
   
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

  

DRAULIO PRESS produces more oider'!

 

      

ANTLSMUT

Will prevent Smut in all grains
Wheat, Oats, Barley, etc.
Sold by leading dealers everywhere or
sent direct, prepaid on receipt of
price, $2 per bottle.

Will treat twenty acres under
an absolute guarantee.

ANTI-SHUT CHEMICAL (30.,

Box B, North Adams, Michigan.

 
 
      
   
   
   
    

 

    

_

Yellow Deni

costs you but. forty cents an acre to plant. the seed.
You will spend I lot of time and labor, fitting your
fields for corn, why not; plant a seed that. has twice
won the Michigan State Championship Prize. and be

rewarded for your labor with a big yield of this
beautiful Early Yellow Dent Corn?

Prloe $3 per busheld. o. b. Vicksburg, Mlchlgan.
OATMAII a. MOIIFOIIT. Seedsmon. Cleveland. Ohlo-

899- H ves, 8 ti

tion, 1811101160 oneo goundo-
wanted. Send for fully Illustrat-
ed catalog

A. I. BERRY SEED 00. .. Ion

BEE SUPPLIES and BERRY BASKETS

from less apples than any other and is a

BIG MONEY MAKER
Sizes 10 to 400 barrels dailly. hand
or power Presses for all pur-
poses. also cider evaporators.
apple butter cookers. vine-

ar generators, etc. Onta-
03 free. We are manufac-
turers. not. jobbers.
HYDRAULIC PRESS MPG. 00.,
(Oldest and large“ manufacturers of older
pulses in the world.)
131 Lincoln Avenue.

QLOVE81.

TI M O T HY
AIINVESTIOATE—Bou and clue-pool Sudln
Alslke Clover and Timoth 3 mixed. Full sike, a big
hm Greatest hay an pasture co mblnation grown.
Write for Free sample and n-page catalo and circular:
describing this wonderful grass mixture. gents an thin
you can sow and ridiculously cheap. We handle on ybes
tested recleaned seed guaranteed. Write before adv’anco.
Clorlndl, low.

    
 
  
 

Mount Gilead. 0M0

 

 

OATS—SwediaBOSelectfn) Sibezriasn nndeslg‘i Slmfig

and circular free. REID BURT. Mel rose.

 

EGENERATED Swedish Select Re le 11
R750 50bu Finggeilllow dent. seed 0 “16131.0“;I at

Free. JOHN MAN, BL, Hamilton, “whine?

Berry Baskets and 15 t. "In"
bond Crates. the best y Hot-
Bed flash mode of cypress. Send

 

 

M. H. HUNT I1 SON. 400 00m!“ 80-. LAN$ING. MIGH-

for basket. catalog.

 


  

 

392-32 '"

BliflllS’ DIRECTORY.
CATTLE.

.. . l . .
For Sale “113.33% m” “m".

nearly all
Ass’n.. avid 8Woodman. Sec' y.-

Pedigreed Stoo
recs. .l-"awm.60d Paw. Mich.
AberdeanAnB gig; .1
Herd. ccnsistin of Trojan ricas. so an
Prides. onl. is hga ded by Exerton W. the GRAND
CHAMPIO bull at the State. West Michigan and
City Pairs of 1912 and the sire of winners at these
Farsan at E INT TERNATIONAL. Ohica o. of
1912. OODOOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. c.h

AYR s H I RE Sb -0ne of foremost dsiry

yours: bulls
and bull calves for sale. Berkshire swine lip
bred. Mi cih m School for Deaf. Flint. Mich."

GUERNSEY, BULL CALVES,
,YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.

 

swine and

 

 

 

ICES GUERNSEY rm. Saginaw. W. 8.. Mich.
Bulls. readyh for service. Large

10 lie Eunrm Y 1. . .91. 1.9.1....
Come 0‘! write. J «unoruhhmrfs 11.015! onoumd. M1011.

11111111101111 Imus 1011 SAL A... m...

China Hogs.
ALLEN BROS" Paw Paw. Michigan.

IIA'I'CI llEllll IIIILSTEIN “0h8‘°°.:§:°“{.§;‘;‘.
onable prices. HATCH HERD. Ypsilanti. Michigan.
GHOIOE Bull Calves from A. R. O. dams. Sir-ed by

our herd sire whose dam and sire' s dam each made
over 30 lbs. in 7 days E. R. Cornell. Howell Mich.

11 new cnolcn scatters 333' 81.111?

GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Michigan

 

 

EGISTEEED HOLSTEIN Korndyhe. Pontiac, De Kol 8- -yesr-
ReRl Ri.oow Mostly white. A. . 'dsm. Bred to son of
Pistertje Heng. Count DeKol to freshen' in fall. $200 delivered.
Write for pedigree. HOBART. W. FAY. Mason, Michigan.

F01! SALE—llilLSTElN BULL CALF

Born June 5.1912 sire a son of the Kin of the
Pontiacs from 8.11 dau hter of Hengerveld eKci.
am of calf. n.A daughter of Sadie Vale
Concordia! s sPaul DeKol. her darn 1.2011. imported cow.
.. ED .lLEW 8. Marshall. Mich.

Purebred Registered

H OLSTE 1N CATTLE
The Greatest Dairy Breed
Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets
Holstein-Frieda. Anon Box 164. Brnttleboro.Vt.

“Top-Notch” Holsteins.

Yearlin bulls all sold Choice bull calves from 1 to
5mo.ol of fashionable breeding and rum dams
with ofiiciai milk and butter records for sale at
reasonable pric

MoPHERSONe sFARMS 60.. Howell. Michigan.

,Service Bulls and Bull calves

Slred by Johanna Corcordia Champion,

whose sire’ s dam and dam’ s dam average 34. 06
lbs. butter 1n 7 days, average fat 4 67 % Also cows
and heifers bred to him. I can offer you bulls at
bargain prices. Try me and see, and do it quick.

L. E. CONNELL,
Fayette. Ohio.

FAIR LAWN FARM

Offers the following young

Holstein Friesian Bull

Prince Sarcastic~
Fine in form and breeding. Beautifully marked.
Sure to please you.

REED 6: KNOWLES. Howell, Mich.

Bigelow’s Holstein Falms

Breedsville. Mich.
Have for sale several fine young
bulls out of cows with high official
butter and milk records.

Send for circular.

Msldfidlmélélllm Billl-

His darn gave 90£ounds milk a day. over 600E poundosY in
7 dgys andPhIat'BCE o ciai 1rgcord of 24 pounds butter in
ays.
C. .WOdEDIilURY. Lansing. hiichigan.

FUR SALE“"§%“£§Z°"£.X$E~€‘"

B t. . lar’e seven- -eighths white. by 25- lb. butter
.1331531111 15463601 lbo4 milléanngially. Thoroughbred.
b t of. oil I b e n y

uRIOUG EMONT FARMS. DETROIT. MICH.

LONG BEACH FAR-MS.
HOLSTEIII BULL GALVES

“ ORLD RECORD STOCK. from $75 to $250.
Augusta,(Kalamazoo 00.) Mioh.. F. S. Kenfield. Prop.

BULL CALF~$5O

Choicest brooding—Dam has 2’) pound A. R. 0,
record. YP SILAND FARMS. Ypsilanti. Mich.

~—Thoroughbred Holsteins.
Six ilull calves for Sale Heme... Rummy”...
weeks to 10 months. Color more white than blink.
DeKol strain. LOUIS NELLER Lansing Michigan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

— oung bulls out of A. R. O.
HUISICIII FIICSIIII nag“, dhms and sired by a bull with
a 31 lb. dam. W.B ONES Oak Grove. Michigan.

—B 115 ready for service, bred for
Jerseys “

production. Also cows and heifers
Brookwatet Farm, ..No 7. Ann Arbor, Mich.

Lillie Farmstead Jerseys

(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of
good dairy oowfs for sale. 1:20 gemales for sale at
1- se t. ()8 ti so ion uaran ee .

p e n a N5. Ln nn‘igz. Conner-«ville. Mich.

—Nostook
Dairy Bred Shorthorns 1.. 8.1..
at present. J B HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan,
—L Cattle—Heavy Milkers.
”:ng Shorlhoms Mfih‘fiecords of all cows kept.
ock fWor sale at present.
NAPP. ..No 4 Watervliet Mich.

Scolcll Shorlhom llulls and Hoilors For Sale.

W. W. KN APP. Howell. Michigan.

2115111111111 3110111110111 nuns .gmggggggg

W. C. OSIUS. Hillsdule. Mich! Kan .

 

 

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER
fillllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllll||Illllll|lll|||lllll|lIlllllll|llllllIllllllllllllllll|Illll|lllll|lllllllllllllllllllIll|||lllllllllllIllllIlllllllllllllllllllllillls'fil

Farm Co

El|lllllllIllllllll|lllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||llIllllllllllll||lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllil

=
=
E
E

mmcrcc.

lL—Jlllllllllllll

Observation on CO-Opcration.

 

Mr. Charles E. Bassett. of Allegan
county, Michigan, who has made a very
thorough study of co—operative companies
for marketing fruit, both in the east
and west and has worked out some very
practical ideas on the subject, presented
a Very able address before the fruit
growers at the recent Round-Up Insti-

tute. The following is a brief gist of
his talk.
How Shall we Market our Fruit?
This 1.; a very pertinent question and

one of the leading issues of the day
among farmers. The farmer is dissatis-
fied with the prices he has been accus-
tomed to receiving for his products while,
on the other hand, the consumer who
lives in the city and small town, is equal-
1y dissatisfied, for he claims that the
prices he pays for the products of the
farm are exorbitant. In the past, the
consumer has blamed the farmer for the
present high prices but now, both the
consumer and the farmer have awaken-
ed to the fact that the middleman is the
one who is raising the price of products.
A, recent investigation by a committee
appointed by the legislature of New York
revealed the fact that out of every d01-
lar paid to the merchant by the consum-
er, only 35 cents goes to the man who
produced the food. Surely a co-opera-
tive company could eliminate this griev-

 

 

 

ance for, by its selling direct to the con-
sumer, nearly all of this extra 65 cents
would be saved; the farmer would get a
better price for his fruit while the con-
sumer would get better fruit at a much
reduced cost. The business of the co—
operative fruit marketing association is
to remove the useless middleman from
the deal and force him to do something
else. The question naturally arises,
when is the middleman useless? If he
has done anything to add to the market
value of the fruit, such as sorting, pack-
ing, or polishing, then he is entitled to
afair compensation for his work, but the

 

 

middleman who does nothing to advance
the value of the fruit, excepting to hold
it in his storehouse until the demand has
become greater, is useless and should be
eliminated.

Requirements of Co-operatlve Companies.

The main essential of the co-operative
organization is to have its members
bound by an iron-clad contract to give,
all the fruit they produce, over to the
company to be marketed by it. If the
company is loosely organized», in such a.
year as the last when apples were plen-
tiful, all the patrons will bring their
fruit to be marketed by the company be-
cause the markets are poor, but in a year

 

 

 

when the crop is small, the producer has

 

no trouble in finding a ready market for
his fruit and does not need the aid of
the organization. It is then necessary
to form a company with strong contmcts
between the individual growers and the
company. in order to be a success, the
fruit company must know that it has
something to sell every year. In a re-
cent case, one of the coooperative fruit
marketing cempanies of Michigan had a,
call for a. large order of fruit. At first
they thought they would be able to get
the fruit all right but later it developed
that the contracts were weak and the
members hcad marketed their fruit else-
where, hence the order could not be
filled.

Next to strong contracts and a good
administrative board, the co-operative
association must have a. good manager,
a man with a wide range of experience
and possessing tact and ability to deal
with men. A first-class manager cannot
be had for a song and companies should
not "discriminate on a matter of a few
dollars. One of the fruit selling compa-
nies of the west turned off their manager
and procured the services of another
man, Simply because they could get him
a. few dollars cheaper. In the course of
a. season, the producers found that they
would have been money ahead, had they
retained their first manager at an ad-
vance of salary. All the individual mem-
bers should give this manager their
hearty support, if he is to give them his
best services and have its work count
for the most.

Results of Co-operatlon.

 

In general, the results of co-operative

efforts at fruit selling may be classified
under three divisions, namely, the price
of the fruit may be maintained, the com-
pany can establish confidence in its pro-
ducts which in turn will result in larger
orders and an increase in production.

It is the business of all such concerns
to watch the markets and see that they
are not glutted. The reason for such low
prices at times is not because there is
an over production but rather that there
is too much fruit on the market at one
time. By careful observation at company
can hold its products until a. time when
the markets are not full, when they will
command reasonable prices. It should be
distinctly understood that the purpose of
such an organization is notvto restrain
trade and thus force up the price of the
goods it handles but rather to increase
the demand for its products which will
indirectly increase production; to equalize
distribution which will preserve a fairly
uniform price; and to give the people
who actually eat the fruit better quality
at a much lower price than they have
been accustomed to paying.

If a certain concern always has good
reliable fruit to sell, and a label which
aptly designates that fruit, it will not
be long before it has the confidence of
the consuming public. Even if the for-
eigners who buy the fruit cannot read
the name, they can see the label and are
not slow in finding out that that par-
ticular label always means “quality”
fruit. Confidence in the company means
that it will receive larger orders and this
means that freight rates will be lower
and that fruit cars will receive more at-
tention by the railroad which is always
glad to cater to companies who ship
large amounts.

A Grower Should Not Pack His Own

. Fruit.

Whatever co-operative plan is used
the company should insist upon it that
no grower pack his OWn fruit, for ship—
ment. There are few men who can over-
look personal desire for gain to such an
extent that enables them to make up a.
package of fruit in such a way that it
will represent the quality of product for
which the company must stand, if the
organization is a. success. The success
of a co-operative fruit marketing asso-
ciation, or in fact. any other company
organized on the co—operative plan, lies
in the quality of the product which it
offers to the buyer.
every package which goes out under the
name of the company should be care-
fully sized and packed, and should con-
tain no fruit which is diseased or worm
eaten. In order to be sure that all fruit
will come up to the standard, it should
be packed by packers who are hired by
the company and are responsible only to
the administrative committee. Of course,
their pay will come out of the man for
whom they are grading and packing the
fruit, but it should not be in the grow—
er’s power to dismiss them if they throw
out fruit which he thinks should be
packed. The concern gives directions as
to the grade of fruit it wants packed and
then the packer is responsible to it and
canforms to its rules, as far as is pos-
sible.

In order to be a success, a co-operative
association must have strong contracts
with the growers. an efficient central ad-
ministration hended by a careful and
competent manager, and eVei‘y package
must contain “quality" fruit and that
kind of fruit only.

MARKETING PROBLEM AGAIN.

Many farmers with good apples to sell
and willing to sell them at a reasonable
price, have been unable to dispose of this
fruit this winter. Thousands of consum-
ers in the cities who like good apples and
who are willing to pay a reasonable price
are unable to obtain them. What is the
trouble? A glance at the following fig-
ures may throw some light on this prob-
lem. A member of the faculty of the
College of Agriculture, Ohio State Uni-
versity, desirous of obtaining some up-
ples for demonstration work, went to a.
retailer in the city and was obliged to

pay the following exorbitant prices for_

them: Delicious, 60 cents per. dozen;

It is necessary that.

MARCH 22, 1913.

Spitzenburg, 50 cents; Rome Beauty. 40
cents; Jonathan, 35 cents; Grimes Golden,
25 cents. Very few of these were per-
fect, many being blemished by disease,
bruise or storage scald, and some were
so off color as to be hardly recognizable.
With such conditions prevailing, it is not
to be wondered at that fruit growers are
complaining because of poor sales. Peo-
ple cannot pay such impossible prices
and consequently apples are moving
slowly. “There surely must be some
means by which the grower and the con-
sumer can get nearer each other,” says
this college man. “Certain. communities
have found a way out of their trouble
and others will have to do so sooner or
later. Co-operation is in the air and
many are beginning to realize that some
form is necessary if the- farmer is to get
his proper reward ”

 

OVERCOMING DIFFICUL'I'IES IN THE
PATH OF SUCCESSFUL OO-
OPERATION.

 

Ten years of successful co-operativel
effort in the handling and selling of fruit
through associations in the- different
provinces of Canada has revealed certain
impediments that at times threaten the
very existence of these mutua'l institu-
tions. Two obstacles have forced them-
selves upon the attention of the men
having in charge the 86 co-operative fruit
growers’ associations of the Dominion.
What these obstacles are and the usual
methods of combatting them are outlined
in a report of the Fruit Division of the
Dominion Department of Agriculture as
follows:

“For the last ten years. co-operative
fruit selling associations have been or-
ganized in Ontario. The success of these
associations has been beyond question
since their first organization. Neverthe-
less. their growth and influence upon the
apple industry had been comparatively
slight until the seasons of 1909, 1910 and
1911. There were several reasons for
this, chief of which was the lack of co-
operative sentiment
and farmers generally. The individual-
istic idea and mode of working had be—
come so ingrained that any thought of
working in groups was received with sus-
picion. In any particular farming neigh-
borhood in Ontario, members of the com-
munity are of many nationalities and re-
'ligions. The effect of this is to prevent
a. feeling of confidence without which
there- can be no real co-operation. This
difference of nationalities and social in-
stincts, so noticeable in farming commu-
nities, is an undoubted evil that stands
seriously in the way of progress. There
is no cure for it, except through the slow
process of education. Any movement
that will cause the people to work to-
gether for any purpose, no matter how
trivial, will have its effect in helping to
make the individual members of the com-
munity better acquainted with each oth-
er and will help to show that though
there may be differences upon many
points, the people generally are inclined
to be fairly honest and public-spirited
and anxious for the betterment of the
community. Once this. sentiment has
gained a certain foothold, it will be DOS-
sible to secure co-operative associations.

“Another serious obstacle, opposing the
fol‘mniion of co-operative associations,
has bot-n the efforts of a certain class of
apple dealers, who have been making a.
living by standing between the
grower and the regular fruit merchants
in the various markets. The effect of
co-ol‘lerution is undoubtedly to cut out
these useless middlemen. These middle-
men, however, do not relinquish their
hold upon the trade without making :1.
vigorous opposition, and in some cases
i'hey have succeeded in delaying the for-
mation of co-operative associations, and
in a few cases have disrupted them after
they were formed. This particular op-
position was strongly felt in Nova Scotia
and consequently, the first co-operative
associations there were formed and main-
tained under very great difficulties; and,
had it not been for the public-spirited
conduct of several pioneer co-operators
in NOVa Scotia, it is doubtful whether the
local apple operators might not have
permanently maintained their position.-
They had a. strong hold upon the trans-
portation'and storage facilities, and their
profits were large, so that the business
was well worth fighting for. However,
after a certain number of local associa-
tions had been formed, a. central associa-
tion was organized that proved alto-
gether more than a match for all the
opposing forces, and during 1910 and 1911
abOut twenty-three local societies were
Organized in that province.”

 

.. . ,h ”VA. .... .,

among fruit growers '

fruit,

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

MARCH 22. 1913.

THE NOMID SYSTEM—A PLAN» FOR

DISTRIBUTING 'FARM PRODUCTS.

 

Chapter Vlll.——(Continued).
Meats.

During the colder months of the year
it is possible and profitable to send dif-
ferent kinds of meats direct to the con-
sumer. One farmer has sent lamb, beef
and pork direct to city parties 110 miles
away. The consignments arrived in ex-
cellent conditiOn and proved a great.
saving over the purchases made in the
city markets. Of course, where the farm-
er holds much stock and diSposes of a.
large amount at one time comparatively
little attention could be given to a trade
where small shipments are to be made,
but with the majority of farmers this is
not the case, and if one understands what
margin can be secured over the prices
that are being paid by the local stock
buyers and butchers, he is likely to be
encouraged to develop such a trade. The
arrangement will consist in part in hav-
ing stock to butcher at different times
during the winter season. If he can plan
to do this and has a half dozen families
on his list he will be surprised how much
of his offerings can be disposed of to
them at prices that will amply pay for
trouble and leave a good margin.

Amounts Ordered.

The amounts of meat that can be sent
depend, of course, entirely upon the con—
sumer. There are city families who pur-
chase an entire carcass of hog or sheep
and many times a quarter of beef. but
such families are the exception rather
than the rule and most consumers will
wish for much smaller quantities. put
even shipments amounting to from 20 to
30 pounds can be made with profit to
both the consumer and producer.

The method of preparing for shipment
is dependent upon the amount ordered.
Where an entire carcass is sent it should
be. carefully dressed, and the most sat-
isfaction will follow wrapping in cotton
cloth to keep the carcass clean and pre-
sent a neat and attractive appearance
upon arrival. If only a part of a carcass
is Sent it should be packed in a suitable
box, care being taken to have the meat
wrapped in clean paper, or cloth. Pack
firmly in the box, seal and address prop-
erly. This method of shipment can be
followed only during the cold months.
icing being necessary in warm weather.

Making Composite Shipments.

The mOSt economic way of handling a
product of this kind, especially where
small quantities are sold, is to sell and
ship in connection with other products.
The meat can be easily crated with a
shipment of butter and eggs and when two
or three of such products are combined
and sent to a single family the trans-
portation charges are reduced to a mini-
mum, making the dealing much less ex-
pensive and at the same time furnishing,
the consumer with products that will be
used up in a short period, thus keeping
them fresher and giving the greatest pos-
sible satisfaction. If one has already es-
tablished a trade in some other product,
he could correSpond with his customers
looking toward the introduction of meat
products in the list of sales.

Small Fruit—The Demand.

Small fruits have their special season
and during that season they are requir-
ed by the people of our cities. towns and
in large quantities.

even country places,
Because of their perishable nature they
must be harvested and marketed in a

short period of time. The rush makes
these crops valuable for the fruit specu—
lator to deal in and enables him to se-
cure a wide margin between buying and
selling prices; hence. they become attrac—
tive products to sell direct to the con-
sumer. This one can do, providing he
ascertains beforehand the quantities
wanted by each of his customers.
Obtaining Orders.

Getting in touch with one’s customers
early in the season is an essential fea-
ture if dealing direct in small fruits.
The rush of work at harvesting time is
so great that every duty that can be
done earlier or later should be. The lo-
cating of customers and securing orders
is one that needs to be done earlier. The
grower ought not to be devoting time to
hunting a market when caring for the
crop, but with his orders at hand he
should be able to hurry shipments off
With the least possible delay for the
greatest satisfaction will result where the
consumer receives the products at the
earliest moment after harvesting. The
usual and most commendable practice is
to write prospective CUStomers about two
weeks befcre picking season begins. stat—
ing the kinds of fruits that can be pro-
vided and enclosing an order blank upon
which the party is asked to give the

 

73.1 .3... . ,, . , .1 1».

THE MICHIGAN- FARMER

'kind and quantity of fruits he desires,

and mail should he choose to order.
Packing the Fruit.

The most satisfactory way of trans-
porting small fruit is in the common
quart berry boxes enclosed in crates.
Such a pack keeps the fruit so divided
that very little pressure is upon any
part of the shipment thus preserving the
individual specimens of fruit in their
natural shape. In making local delivery
the crates should be strong since they
can be uSed again and again but in de-
livering by common carrier cheaper and
lighter crates that are sold with the ber-
ries, will suffice. In packing one should
take particular pains to have the boxes
fit snugly in the crate that jamming of
fruit may not result.

Handle these Fruits with Dispatch.

Every precaution should be taken to
hurry the fruits to the consumer. The
practice followed by the most careful
growers is to pick and pack late in the
afternoon and then forward the fruit on
an evening express so it will travel dur-
ing the night and be delivered, under
most circumstances to the consumer the
following morning. Small fruits will
stand but little hot sunshine after they
have been taken from the bush or vine
and the above practice enables one to
reduce this exposure to a minimum, An-
other precaution is to have everything in
readiness that there may be no delay in
looking for boxes or crates, but that the
work may be ruShed from the minute
packing begin; until delivery is made at
the express station.

Neatness.

The exercising of a little care will add
to the selling qualities of these fruits.
Two things eSpeciallv shOuld he watched:
one is to g1ade the fruit as far as it is
possible to do so with the rush of the
work and the other is to keep out all
leaves, briars and dirt that naturally
gets into the fruit during picking. Pick-
ing should also be done frequently so
that fruit gathered at any time may be
in good shipping condition. It, of course.
is generally better to have the fruit 21
little too green than over-ripe. as the
over-ripe specimens are apt to spoil and
give the whole consignment a bad ap-
pearance.

Vigilance should be exercised in every
operation and the. producer should be at-
tentive to the demands of the consumer
and seek wherever possible to satisfy
them. constantly looking toward the es-
tablishment of a reputatiOn for delivering
goods of quality that measure up to his
claims in every regard.

ON HANDLING MARKET APPLES.
Demonstrations illustrating some of
the problems of marketing apples were
given at the recent Round-I'p Institute
held at the Agricultural College under
the direction of Prof. Eustace and his
assistants. Their first act was to Show
How Storage Apples are Examined.
Three barrels of storage apples had
been bought in Lansing and sent out to
the College about 10:00 a. m. These were
rolled into the lecture room and Mr.
Schuyler, one of the Senior Horts. was
detailed by Prof. Eustace to show the
audience how storage apples are exam-
ined by the buyer. This he did by lift—
ing the top hoop on the barrel and then
putting it down again so that all of the
slaves, but one, were inside the hoop.
Now this top hoop will hold the, barrel
together and the two middle ones may
be removed and the one stave which has
been left on tho outside may be turned
back exposing the apples the whole

length of the barrel.

The apples in the barrels were turned
out onto tables and students sorted them,
throwing out the rotten ones and culls,
and packed the saleable apples in small
market baskets, making them about as
full as the baskets which are offered
for sale by the average retailer. Two of
the barrels contained 12 baskets of good
marketable apples while the other barrel
contained about 11% baskets. These ap—
pies cost $3 per barrel at the Lansing
storage house and if the baskets we're
sold at 25 cents per. the dealer would
just get his money back. to say nothing
of the cost of cartage, sorting and pack-
ing. When all these charges are added
in, we see that the retailer cannot af-
ford to sell the baskets for less than 40
cents. The producer probably received
about. $2.50 for his fruit. the storage
charges were 40 cents per barrel, 20
cents for cartage, etc. When we go to
towu and see small baskets of apples
priced at 40 cents each, we think this is
an exorbitant price but a careful con-
sideration of the costs involved, shows

 

 

us very plainly that such is not the case.

“Don’ts" for Amateur Apple Packers.

1. Don't pack apples of uneven size
together. The apples for packing should
be carefully graded and sized previous
to placing in the barrels or boxes. Aside
from the fact that apples 'of about the
same size will be easier to pack, the
main reason for having the fruit of uni-
form size is to keep the confidence of
the consumer. Few conSUmers object to
a package of small apples, provided they
are all of uniform size, but they do not
like to buy a barrel of apples and find
some small ones in among the large
ones. To the man who uses the apples,
the presence of the small ones seems to
convey the idea that he has been cheat-
ed and has not gotien his money’s worth.

2. Don't pack the small apples in the
center of the barrel or crate‘ and the
large ones on the top. for this also leads
the consumer to believe he has been
cheated. ,

3. Don’t forge the eleventh command-
ment which i8: “Thou shalt pack no
wormy or diseased apples.” In this con-
nection it might be well to mention that
apples with no stem should never be
packed. for the pullingr out of the stem
leaves a raw spot in the apple and the
spores of rots may enter and grow.
eventually destroying the fruit. \Ve have
no fungous or bacterial diseases in Mich-
igan which are able to burrow their way
through the skin of a. perfectly sound
apple, hence it. is imperative we pack
only those apples which have uninjured
skins. Examine an apple which has rot-
ted in storage and in 99 cases out of ev-
ery hundred, we will find a small hole in
the skin of the. apple at about the center
of the rotten spOt.

NOTICE TO FARMERS WANTING CITY
CONSUMERS.

Some of our subscribers who have writ-
ion to parties in Detroit looking toward
an arrangement_for selling farm products
direct. may be getting anxious about re—
plies. Because of the large number of
requests coming to 11s pursuant to the,

notices run in these columns early in
January, for lists of parties wanting to
secure produce from the farmers direct.

it became necessary to arcept the ser-
vices of the Detroit Housewives’ League
to locate a number of families to satisfy
the great demand. and to facilitate mat-
ters, the names of several of the secre-
taries of different chapters of the organ-
ization were included in the lists sent
out. Tthe secretaries have received
some of the letters and are laboring
faithfully to place every inquiry in the
hands of an appreciative party, but they
haVc requested that the farmers be no-
tilled through these columns that in case
they do not get immediate replies. to,bc
patient, since most of the assigning is
done at the regular meetings of the
chapters, which occur but once every
two weeks. They assure us that, all will
be properly cared for and that later more
producers’ names will be wanted.

CROP AND MARKET NOTES.

Gratiot 00.. March

 

 

ll.—-\\'e have had a

week of real spring—like weather. From
good sleighing the 8th we have almost
impassable roads. \theling was excel—
lent all through February 'until sleighing
came the last week of February and
lasted two weeks. The ice harvest was
short, but 1hose who took time by the
forelock have their houses filled. Butter,
21W: 260; eggs, 160; hogs, 8c; beans, $1.60

((11.70.

Newaygo Co... March 10.—~February was
the coldest month of the winter, with
lots of snow. Lots of logs being brought
to mills. Nothing doing on the farm at
present except by farmers who have logs
to haul. A good many horses for sale,
but they are high in price. All fall
grain looks good so far. A good bit of
rough feed in the country, with hay at
$10. Not much demand for potatoes yet.
with lots in storage waiting for a better
price. Not as much gravel hauled as
last winter. Potatoes, 320; beans, $1.70:
veal, 3&51/m: sheep, 21/grv31éc; beef, live
261::4c chickens, llc; pork, dressed 101/20;
butter 28c: butter- fat 36(: egg 18c;
rye 50c; corn, shelled. 50c per bu.

Ottawa 60., March 15.——The snow went
off with some rain. leaving the roads in
an almost impassable condition, so that
business as far as farmers are. concerned.
is at a standstill. There has been so
little snow protection for wheat during
the Winter, that the plant does not look
very good at present writing. A small
amount of maple syrup has been made,
but this will soon be a thing of the past,
as there is but few maple trees left in
this section. There are the usual num-
ber of auctions Horses are selling for
$150 up to $250 each, and cows from $50
to $75 for only ordinary breeds Brood
SOWS and spring pigs are very scarce and
prices are corespondingly high. There
is no shipping demand for hay, and for
this reason the price is only a little more
than half what it was last year at this
timfii The prospect for fruit is very fav-
ora e.

 

 

 

 

33—393

88 th Pi By using The ECONOMY
V8 8 83 Portable xuocx DOWN
OD S O W PE N
agent groove locking device
and swinging/door. Can be
taken down and out up in five
minutes. First order secure-
agency. Write for piicel
and territory.
The Economy Metal
Building Co.
Sta.A.Columbus,Ohio.

Breeders’ Directory-Continued.

Hm SALE—7 Res S 11.811113 from 8 to 14 months by

 

 

 

 

 

 

Victor Robin sired I be ti l
Winners JOHN SCHMIDT Reed. ”on: 11311115111233
SHEEP

 

“111111511 UP 1101111 SHEEP" “15.181.313.115:
PARSONS. caress: £21.; 111121;:

ling. Hamobuiiioi Sheep. Pure Bred Poland China

11005 and PEBCHERON HUORSES. AZXCO miles
E. Mon-ice. on G. T R. R. and M.U ..J QA UK

.SHROPSHIRES 6 DUROCS
KOP E-KON FARM. Kinde‘rhook. Michigan
COL—MUTTON Shrop. Ewes bred to imported

ram. Bargains. Also P. C Brood sown. Write today
for price list. Mapiewood Stock Farm. Allegan. Mich.

H008.

' ' —A Desirable Bunch of Sows of
names & “Gloria: Either Brood due April and May.
M. T. Story, R. R. 48 Low,ell Mith, City Phone. ’5.

 

 

 

 

 

—Y i f 11! M
BERKSHIRES rai‘ifilél‘ffwlsgefi SWAP; G113;
A. A. PATTULLO, Deckervllle. M chlgan.

Quick Maturing Berkshires—5:53.?w‘”fwil‘fiu‘i‘ifllefi

or money refunded. 0. S. BARTLETT. Pontiac, Mich.
h

BERKSHIRE @313? 12“%%%. ”$.i1’31.“1‘3..i..”§1‘.;

stock. ELMHURS S’IOCK FARM. Almont Mich.

 

 

 

ms

50W WEIGI‘IED 932 L33.
A 23 MONTHS OLD

 

I have started more breeders on the road to ano-
. case than any man living. I have thelargest and un-
est hard in the U. 8. Every one an early developer.
. ready for the market at six months old. I want to
£1300 one hos in each community 0 vertigo my
erd.Write for my plan,"Howto eMoney from
Hogs.” G. S. BENJAMIN. R.No.l 0 Portland. flier.

~ ‘

 

o 1. c. SWINE W..... .. ...
. rice on Spring
Pigs. pairs and trioa. not akin. ave a. number
of service males of good type. Write me describing
of your wants. A. J. (lORDEN. R. No. 2Dorr. Mich.

 

0 l c Swine. both sexes. Males Oweigjhing 100_ $022)
- lbs Herd registered 1110 Association.
GEO. P. ANDREWS. Dnnsville. Ingham 00.. Mich.

O. l. 0.

Fair winners.

 

Extra choice bred gilts. service boars
and spring pigs. not akin from State
Avondale Stock Farm. Wayne. Mich.

 

0- I. c! ~11ll sold. Orders booked for April
5 and May pigs of the choicest breeding.
C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan

0 l C! —Elght, yrung sows to furrow In June.
S spring pigs pairs and trios not akin.

FRED NICK]; L R. 1. Monroe. Michigan.
P' of September and Oc-
O [C CO lgst tober fan-ow for sale

(heap. JOHN BERNEB c SON. Grand Ledge. Mich.

O I C9 —AMll sold. 11 ill book orders for
. st March pi
ALBERT NE‘VMAN. hfarlette. Michigan.
9 —All a growthy and large. Males
00 I. c S ready. $00 to Heelmtfrom. Attractive rices
on young stock UMP Munith, Mic

 

 

 

 

 

0 I c —1 extra quality last March gilt Wt. 395le.

dim to farm“ April 14th. price 812'). Bred
to Scott. No. Grand dChampion. If nterested write.
Otto B. Schulze. V mile west of depot. Nashville. Mich.

—F ll 11 S h f
3P§?.C"'s§§1§1§lsarir ii.“ “134351."? 8'33
Brookwater Farm.R R. F. I). No. 7. Ann Argon 11312?

For sale—A few first clams fall of
nuroc Jersals both sexes weight150 ogllgsbs
price 82') each. M. A. BRAY, ()kemtlm. Michigan.

 

 

 

—for sale: 211 fine service hours of f
llilroc Jerseys breeding and individual quallltg'y.
Prices reasonable. Job 11 McNiooll. North Star. Mich

 

——Bred sows 820 to: 850. Boars 820 to 52%
Reg: numcs Pigs old enoughR to wean $8 to $12 satisfao
B.Oook R.2. Stanwood. Mich.

BUROO JERSEYS—Nothing For Sale at Present.

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.

tion guaranteed. F.B

 

SWINE. S ri d
nuroc Jars}, sale. both 5812:3111 sumgfgrggsfrg
years exponenoe. J.H. BANGHART Lansing, Mich.

Both Western and Home

Pol-IAN“ CHINAS— Bred. Either sex. all

Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAVV. Augusta Mich.

—Largest in Michigan. Bred “to
[3789 I"). P. c- all sold. have some good

and Oct. pigs that. have sizc. bone and quality. Weft»
your wants or come and see. Expenses paid if notw as re-
presented. Freelivory W. E. Livingston. Parma,Mioh.

A BIG TYPE POLAND CHINA BOAR—Cheap or

will exchange for so ow. few li ht.
giits left. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. inmlvflgfif

POLAND CHINA

 

—Either sex. aliases. Some-
thing good at a low price.

 

P. D. LONG R. No. 8 Gran Rapids. Michigan.
P. AC. BCARS AND SOWS“‘;‘°“"§,.:‘.’$

A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Me 1‘“.

ARGE Yorkshires—Choice breedi stoc 530..
L not akin, from State Fair prilggwinng‘nzn Pedi
gross furnished. W.O. COOK.R R.42. Box 22.Ada. M ch.

' ' -Aug far -
Yorkshire Smne 111... Jags g§°¥é".‘d§“§5§’i31‘.° .l‘lfi‘i‘o
Champion York and Zn best. carcass at. I. L. 8. Breed-
ers' Swine Show at E. Lansing. Jan. ., 1913

GEO. McMULLEN. Grand Ledze. Michllan

lillie Farmstead YORKSHIRE:

Spring bred giltl all calf. Gilte bred for next Ann-t

fra
11031116183 9 edMther sex. pain and trioc

COLON .LlLLlfit Iyawning-ville. Mlch

 

 


  

 

394—31

li—rfilllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllai

Markets-

EllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllI|lllllllilIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.§'—_7l_=
GRAINS AND SEEDS.

    

lllllllllllllLJ

 

 

March 19, 1913.
Wheat—The wheat market continues to
hold steady at former values, notwith-
standing the prevalence of bearish news
and conditions. The lower price the first
of the week stimulated a little export
business but did not start any general

buying movement. Experts point out
that with the large reserve in this coun-
try we could export 70,000,000 bu. of
wheat more than ldst year and still. have
enough for home conSumption. It IS be-
lieved our market will be a more active
one at something under the present price

level as soon as the rush of Argentine
selling for export is over. On the other
hand, with the large stocks of wheat

available it is thought that a large vol-
ume of foreign buying would be necessary
to bring about this result. At the pres-
ent time with the winter wheat pros-
pects, which are favorable, and tho heavy
run of spring wheat, while the cash and
milling demands are liinited._ conditions
favor transactions on the selling side of
the Speculative carket. Foreign cables
fluctuated somewhat but closed higher on
Tuesday. The increase. in the worlds
visible supply was 2,500,000 bu., but
considering bearish news the market has
been maintained on a satisfactory l):lSiS.
One year ago No. 2 red wheat sold on
this market at 98%0. Quotations for the
week are:

No. 2 No. 1
Rod. \Vhiie. Ma y. .1 uly.
Thursday ....1.06 1.03 1.01114 0:}
Friday ....... 1.06 1. 05 1. 06 1.; 0:: ..
Saturday ....1.051,2 1.011,; 1.05% 925»;
Alonday ...... 1.051; 1.041,], 1.051/2 921/),
Tuesday ..... 1.06 1.05 1061/1. {1234,
Wednesday 1.06 1.05 1.06% 92%,
ChicagO, (March 18).—~No, 2 red wheat,
991/361/$1.04; May, 881?“; .luly, Elsi/Jo per
buShel. >
New York, (March 18).» No. 2 red
wheat, $1.001/2 at elevator ziiiit_$1.1l f. o.
b. afloat; May, 95%c; July. 115"..rc pcr bu.
Corn.——This market declined a fraction
at the close of the week in sympathy

with the wheat market but rallied again
on Tuesday to the level of one week
ago due to the expectations of light. rc-
ceipts because of the approach of milder
weather which will mark the opciiiig of
spring operations on the farms. lteports
were current that selling had largely
been stoppcd at country points, which
also had a strengthening ieiidcncy on the

 

market. No. 3 corn sold on this market
one year “ago at 69c per bu. Quotation-s
for the week are as follows:
No. 3 No. 3
Corn. Yellow.
Thursday . . 501/; 13111;,
Friday ....... 501,; 311.,
Saturday ..... 50 Cl
Monday .......... . ...... .10 131
Tuesday ........ .. ........ 5015 511/2
Wednesday ............... 51 52
Chicago, (blarch 18). No. 2 corn, 5014c;

May. 521;.615214c; July, 531/317 per bus
Oats—This market was relatiVelyiirm-

91‘ during the general slump of the past
week. due to influential buying of oats
against sales of corn, although thomar-
kct: did not rally to quite the, point of
one week ago. One. year ago standard
oats sold on this market at 570 per bu.
, -. ' h week are:
Quotitions for t e No. 3
Standard. White.
Thursday 35 34
Friday ................... 35 34‘
Saturday .......... 341/; 311/2
Monday ...... . ............ 311/; 331/:
Tuesday .................. 211/2 i.r.1,.’_.
\Vednesday . .............. 8t) 34
Chicago. (March lS).——No. 2 white. 321/;
6i341;(¥; hilay, 321/2c: July, 32.7.;vc per bu.
Beans.—This market remains inactive

with a loss in the nominal quotations of
10c for both cash and future dealing,
from the quotations of last week. Pres-
cnt quotations for prompt and immediate
shipment are $1.80 per bu; May, $1.00
per bu. at country loading points. _

Chicago, (March 18),-—Market quiet
with no new developn'icnts. There is a
small business in pea beans, those of
fine color. of which there are only a few,
ruling steady. Stained be'ins are easy;
other beans slow and very quiet. Pea
bcans handpicked, $2.056‘1‘12.10: prime,
81.513612; red kidneys, choice, $2.256172.30;
prime, $2.106i32.15. .

Clover Seed.—-’l‘his market made a gain
of 30c. during the past week, transactions
for prime spot now being made at $11.60
per bu. Alsike sold a point lower than
last week, prime stock being quoted at
$12.60 per bu.

Toledo, (March 18).-—This market made
alittle stronger advance than the Detroit
market during the week, prime spot now_
selling at $11.80 per bu; prime alsike,
$12.35.

Timothy Seed—A fractional gain was
noted in this market over last week. a
sale of 100 bags of prime spoi timothy
seed having been made at $1.70 per bu.,
which is 5c over last week‘s market.

Toledo, (March 18).—This market ad-
vanced 100 during the week, cash timothy
now being quoted at $1.75 per bu.

Rye.——The market is nominal at last
week’s values. Cash No. 2 rye is qoted
at 620 per bu.

Chicago. (March 18).—Cas‘n No, 2 rye

sold at 60617611/20 per bu., which is a frac-
tional loss over last week’s values. Trad-
ing nominal.
..Barle_y.——Chicago. (March 18).——This
market is unchanged with malting grades
ranging from 4963650 per bu; feeding
grades, 45@47c per bu. .

 

 

THE'TMICHIGAN'FARMER‘

FLOUR AND FEEDS.

Noun—Jobbing lots in ya paper sacks
are selling on the Detroit market per 196
prices, but their weight made them much
cheaper per head than the heavy feeders
of similar grading.
lbs. as follows: Best patent, $5.50; sec-
ond, $5.20; straight, $5; spring patent,
$5.10; rye flour, $4.60 per bbl. .

Feed—Detroit jobbing prices in 100-
1b, sacks are as follows: Bran, $23;
coarse middlings, $23; fine middlings, $27;
cracked corn, $25;_ coarse corn meal,
$22.50; corn and oat chop, $21 per ton.

Hay.———VVhile quotations remain un-
changed, the market is oversupplied and
demand is sluggish. Carlots on track
at Detroit, No. l timothy, $13.50@14; No.
2, $116112; light mixed, $12.50@13; No. 1
mixed, $116012 per ton. ,

Chicago—All kinds and grades un~
changed. Choice timothy, $16@17 per ton;

No. 1, $146015; No. and No. 1 mixed,
$126013; No. 3 and No. 2 mixed, $6@
10; clover, $661111; alfalfa, choice, $1761)

18; do. No. 1, $15@16.50 per ton.
Straw.~—Steady. Carlot prices on wheat

and oat straw on Detroit market are $8

618.50 per ton; rye straw, $061110 per ton.
Chicago—All kinds steady at last week‘s

revised figures. ltye, $7617.50; wheat
straw, $5615.50; oat straw, $550606 per

ton.

DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.

 

Butter.—The nearness of the season
when lower values may reasonably be ex—

pccted is affecting the demand and the
trend is downward in all markets. Elgin
declined a cent on Monday, but local

dealers have thus far succeeded in main-
taining former values, Detroit jobbing
prices ruling as follows: ,Fancy cream-
ery. 35c per lb; firsts, 33%c; dairy, 220;
packing stock, 20c.

.lillgin.*i\larket firm at 34c.

Chicago—All kinds lower, dairy goods
suffering most. Demand for fancy stock
i'cported slow. Quotations are: Extra.
ci'cainory, 35613592313 extra firsts, 336134c;
firsts, 31613215; seconds, 28c; dairy extras,
27612813 firsts, 25c; seconds, 22c; packing
126121c as to quality.

New York—Creameries are Off a full
cent, while packing stock has lost a
fraction of last week’s advance; dairies
unchanged. Market reasonably steady.
Creamery extras, 351/261/36c; firsts, 341/261)
35c; seconds, 3:;%61>31c; thirds, 3161320;
state dairy, best, 346135c; good to prime,
2:001 33c; common to fair, 256129c; pack—
ing, 186122c as to quality..

Eggs.*This is the -big week of the sea—
son for eggs and the demand is taking
carc of the enormous receipts very sat—
isfactorily. Locally prices are fraction—
ally higher than at this time last week.
.\i llctroit current offerings, caiidled, and
cases included, are quoted at 183/41: per
dozcn. '

Cliicago.—~Rather disappointing receipts
carly in the week were attributed to bad
roads and flood conditions. Trade good
at strong last Week's figures. Miscel-
laneous receipts, cases included, are quot-
ed at 17%(1’117-‘540; do. cases returned. 16%
611714c; ordinary firsts, 16%611714c; firsts,

17:3,; 61‘180.
New York—This market is firmer,
last week’s outside figures being well

maintained. Fresh gathered extras, 20c;
firsts, 18%6110c; seconds and lower grades
lTiéflilSl/tc per dozen.

Poultry.—Chickens and ducks continue
scarce and the record-breaking values re-
cently established are still in force. Ducks
on a par with turkeys and even outsell-
llllL',” them in some, markets. Quotations:
Live—Spring chickens, 17611714311; hens,
1761 171,131»: No. 2 hcns, 151-; old roosters,
12c; turkeys, 10612011; geese, 156115160;
ducks, 1061200 per lb.

Chicago—Offerings moderate
mand good. Stock of desirable
Selling readily at outside figures.
quotations on live arc: Turkeys, good
weight, 15c; others, 100; fowls, good,
17c; spring chickens, 17c; ducks, large,
fat, 17c; do. thin, ordinary, 1561716c;
geese, full feathered, 120; .do., plucked,
8611011 per

New York—Dressed
practically ho change in values. FreSh
killed western chickens, 15c; fowls, 1460
17c; turkeys, 1.46i24c per lb,

Cheese.~\Vholesale lots, Michigan flats
new, 15611151/2c; old, 176ill71/_-c; New York

and de-
quality
he

stock quiet with

llats, 181/261‘19c: brick cream, 16611161/zc;
limbui‘ger, 1814617191/30.
Veal.—'Detroit.—Scarce and higher.
Fancy, 1461'15c; common. 12.61130.
Chicago.——Fair to choice, 806171101bs.,
14146121517; extra fancy stock, 151/2c; fair
to good chunky, 13617141/20.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

 

Apples.—Low prices encourage good
movement for this season, but heavy 0f-
lerings prevent advances. The Detroit

quotations now are: Fancy, per bbl.,
$2.50613.50; ordinary, $1601.25 per bbl.

Chicago—Market easy. Stocks are so
plentiful that holders are doing all they
can to reduce them and a fair volume of
business is being done. Standard winter
varieties, $2604 per bbl. Lower grades at
buyers’ prices.

Potatoes.——Movemcnts a little more free
than last week but at the same range of
prices. Michigan stock in car lots, 40@
45c per bu.

Chicago—«Market steady and fraction-
ally higher than last week. Fancy Mich-
igan stock, 4561148c per bu; best \Viscon—
sin. 4261750c: Minnesota, 436F48c.

New York—Plentiful and easy. TVesi-
ern stock, $1.70@1.75 per 180-lb. bag.

Cabbage—The local market is still
flooded with offerings and prices remain
at the low point occupied this winter,
$1671.25 per bbl. In New York the finest
offerings ,free from frost are lower at $8
6110 per ton. The market at Chicago is
without life and Holland is going at $669
6.50 per ton.

Onions.—Market continues depressed
with prices unchanged. Local sales are
.for 45@50c per bu. for good stock.

MISCELLANEOUS.

 

. Wool.

Boston—March 18.—The wool market
is devoid of any feature of special inter-
est at this time. The. London sales con-
tinue at unchanged prices. The leading
domestic quotations on the market are:

Ohio and Pennsylvania fleeces, delaine
washed, 30@310;_ XX, 29@30c; 1yfi-blood
combing, 281/2@29c; %-blood combing,
29%61130%c; 1/,-blood combing, 291/2611301/3c;
delaine unwashed, 26@261/§c; fine un-
washed, 231/2@24c. Michigan and New

York fleeces—Fine unwashed, 22c; de-
laine unwashed, 24@241/2c; 1,é-blood un-
washed, 2760280; ‘Vg—blood unwashed, 281,5

6029c. Wisconsin and Missouri—%-blood,
28342611290; 14-blood, 281/;61/290. Kentucky

and similar—%-blood unwashed, 27611280;
%-blood unwashed, 30617310

Pr-ovlslons.—Mess pork, $21.50; family
pork, $236024; clear backs, $216,023.50;
hams, 176018c; briskets, 12611131/gc; bacon,
1661.18c; shoulders, 13c; picnic hams,
1211261135 pure lard in tierces, 12c; kettle
rendered lard, 13¢ per lb.

DETROIT RETAIL PRICES.

 

Western Market—Vegetables constitut-
ed the bulk of the offerings on Tuesday
morning. No fruit worth mentioning.
(liainS, eggs, and dressed pork about
completed the list. Potatoes were of-
fered rather freely and sold at 45615th
per bu. for nice stock. Carrots and beets
of better than medium quality brought 30
@1350 per bu. Cabbage plentiful, selling
at 25613300 per bu; parsnips, 3061350. The
few eggs on sale were moving slowly at
27c per dozen. Dressed hogs were sold
at 1260121/2c per lb. There was a good
demand for shelled corn at 600 per bu.
and for wheat at $1601.10.

THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.
Buffalo.
March 17, 1013.
(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,
New York Central Stock Yards,
EaSt Buffalo, New York).
Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 145 cars; hogs, 70 double docks;
sheep and lambs, 70 double decks; calves
1300 head.

With 145 cars of cattle on our market

here today, and this being the last week
in Lent, the cattle all sold from 106115c.
below last week's prices, and some of the
in between kinds, weighing from 1150 to
1225 lbs., sold in a good many instances
full 20c per cwt. lower than last week.

.We quote: Best 1350 to 1500-lb. stccrs
$8.656118.‘.10; good to prime 1200 to 1300-11).
do., $8.3561?8.60; good to prime 1100 to
1200-1b. do., $8618.25; coarse, plainish 1100
to 1200-lb. steers, $7.506v7.85; mcdiuin
butcher steers, 1000 to 1100, $150618;
butcher steers, 050 to 1000, $7607.50; light
butcher steers, $6.50611’7.25; best fat cows,
$6.75617.25; butcher cows, $5.25616.23;
light butcher cows, $4.506115.25; cutters,
$4.256u4.75; trimmers, 51532561373; best fat
heifers‘, 5157.25618; medium butcher heifers
$6.75617.25; light d0., $66,116.25; stock heif-
ers, $56116; best feeding steers, deliorned,
$7617.50; light common stockcrs $651061;
6.75; prime export bulls, $7617.25; best
butcher bulls, $650617; bologna bulls,
$17561 6.25; stock bulls, $5615.50; best
milkers and springers, $656080; common
to fair kind do., $406150.

Our hog market today was a consider-
able. higher on a light supply; all grade<
selling from 1561.250 higher than Saturday.
Big advance on the good weights. Close-
sorted light weights sold from $217061:
0.75, but the bulk of the mixed and me—
(lium grades changed hands around $0.65:
pigs and lights generally at $0.75; roughs

 

$8.50618.75; stags, $76118. Trade closed a
little quiet, and late sales 56110c lower
than the opening.

The sheep and lamb market was slow
today, with prices about the same as the
close of last week. Most of the choice
lambs selling from $9619.20; few at $0.25
ycarlings from 11575061850. lleavy lambs,
very slow sale, lamb; weighing over 83
lbs. very little demand. Look for about
steady prices the balance of the week
with moderate receipts.

\Ve quotc: Choice lambs, $0610.25; cull
to fair do., $66179; yearling Wethcrs. $861
8.50; yearling eweS, $761750: wetliers.
$7617.25; handy ewes, $.6.50616.75; hc~ivy
do., $6616.25; cull sheep, $3.50615.50: bucks
$16115; veals, choice to extra. $12.5061.13:

 

fair to good, $961112; heavy calves, $4.50
6136. '
Chicago.
March 17, 1913.

_ Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.
Received today ...... 16,000 30.000 17.000
Same day last year..27,240 50.031 14.848
teceived last week..48.250152,065 82.960

Same week last year.52,008 153.330 88.117

This is Holy‘Veek, and the demand for
live stock, hogs excepted, is slow today,
with no animation in the cattle trade,
aside from butcher stock, which is sell-
ing rather freely at firm prices. Steers
were slow up to a late hour at steady
prices. Hogs advanced a dime or more.
with a light run for Monday and a strong
demand from all classes of buyers. Some
sales were made at 588.55.670.25. the top
marking still another high record for the
year. Hogs marketed last week averaged
238 lbs, being heavier than a month ago.
and comparing with 220 lbs. a year ago
and 215 Lbs. three years ago. Provisions
advanced sharply today in sympathy with
hogs. Shep and yearlings are selling
more readily than lambs. and buyers are
bidding lower for lambs but shippers
are requing to make cuts in prices, as
the receipt: are very light. Some prime,
wethers of two years of age sold at
$7.10. There was a sale of part of a car
load Of Spring lambs at 15c per lh for the
Easter trade, the first of the year, their
average weight being 40 lbs.

Cattle opened largely 1063150 lower on
Monday last week, with a run of 26.107
head, which was unusually large for
these times of moderate requirements.

MARCH 22, 1913.

By Wednesday the break was largely
recovered, although buyers still discrim-
inated strongly against common, light,
short-fed steers, which, they claim, have
cost clearer in the beef than a better
class selling above $8. The bulk of the
steers sold during the week went at $7.90
618.85, with the better class of long-fed,
heavy cattle going at $8.806D9.15 and the
commoner to fair class of light-weight,
warmed-up steers taken at $7608.25. A
desirable kind of corn-fed steers brought
$8.50 and over, and butchering cows and
heifers had a good sale, as usual, buyers
paying 11510611850, although very few sold
close to the top price. Cutters old at
$160605, canners at 13325611455 and bulls
at $5.256L‘7.30. Stockers and feeders sold
at such extremely high figures that nu-
merous intending buyers failed to make
purchases. Stockers sold for $6.256p7.90
for ordinary to strictly prime kinds, and
sales of feeders carrying much weight
Were made at $7.306D8.30 for common to
fancy lots, an Indiana, man paying $8.30
for a car load of 18 head of 1,_190—lb.
Shorthorns. For the best of the regula-
tion strong weight feeders $8 was near
the market limit, but extra choice lots
brought above that figure to a limited
extent. There were numerous instances
where sales were made of plain to good
stock and feeding steers at reduced
prices, but anything prime was sure to
go high, and killers secured many of the
licavicst lots, outbidding country buyers.
On some warm days the cattle marketed
drank water unusually freely, and this
caused buyers to defer buying in some
instances. On Wednesday the average
quality of the cattle received was decid-
edly off, and many of the offerings were
sadly deficient in ilesli. Calves of the
best grade made record prices, selling at
$116112 per 100 lbs., the lower grade heavy
lots fetching down to $561.17. Milch cows
Were taken at $156090 each, with slim
offerings of the best.

“ Hogs keep on making fresh high rec-

ords for the year every few days, and
downward turns are followed by quick
rallies as a rule, receipts here and at

other important marketsialiing farsliort
of trade requirements. The shortage is
now ihouglit to be even greater than was
at first reported, and llltll farmers in
many sections are short of breeding sows.
.\ short spring pig crop is almost cer—
tain, and it will take a coi'iSiderable pe-
riod to bring up the hog supply of the.
country to suitable proportions, so as to
correspond with the great increase in the
population. The character of the trade
does not show any particular change, and
eastern shippers are still purchasing a.
liberal proportion of the daily offerings,
prime light hogs being mainly called for.

This creates competition between buyers
and sustains sellers in their efforts to
hold up prices. There is a large com-

sumplion of fresh pork, and this uses up
the light hogs and the strong-weight pigs
and results in light hogs selling higher
than other kinds. The average weight of
the. receipts has undergone -a marked iii—
i'l‘t’ilSt-E in recent WeekS, and extremely
licavy hogs are cheapest of all, although
chn tlicse sell far higher than in other
years. \\'hile the cattle market at the.
close of the Week was bad and largely
156123c lower than a week earlier, hogs
closed at the highest prices of the year,
sales ranging at $8.40611L15. compared
with $835610 a week earlier. l‘i‘gs closed

at_$7.65619 and heavy packing hogs at
::;;0618.85. Best heavy butchti's brought
'|.u".

.b‘hcep and lambs have been quick to
rise in prices as a rule of late after
downward turns. as the fast decreasing
offerings have placed sellers in a posi—
tion to dictate terms. Colorado lambs

have comprised an exti'einly large propor-
tion of the receipts. and owners have
followed a Conservative policy in mar—
keting them, feeding them out to the
market only as fast as they could be
sold advantageously without‘weakeniiig
values. Some clipped lambs have at“—
l'l\'('11 and sold to poorer advantage than
woolcd stock, and there were fair offer—
ings of feeding lambs that brought high
figures. Michigan buyers securing a large
share of them. .-\s is the case with cat—
tle and hogs, ihc indications for the
sliccp market lock Very bright for own~
crs. '.\s usual, lniizdy—Wciglit lambs and
ycarling: sell nip-”l: better than heavy
lots. Lambs of tho best grade, sold up
to $0.15 last \‘t‘t’t'ix’. but 111 ihe close sales
were at $8619, while yearlings brought
“10618.25, wcilicrs $575617. cwcs $461)
685 and bucks $4.50615..‘.o. Feeder and
Slit‘al'lllg' PWt-s sold at $7.3061S.40, and
some prime shearers were actuallv pur-
chased from packers at $8.70 and shipped
to ’Illichigaii for a short finish. The bcst
heavy lambs brought $8.65 and the best
heavy yearlings $7.50. 4

.llorses are becoming rather more ac-
tive as the spring advaiiccs. and it is
probable that before long trade will be,
at in best. Farm chunks arc the most
activo, selling usually at $15l361215 per
head. with mares adapted for breeding
as well as for workers the most active
and the highest sellers. Pairs of good
farm horses bring $36061400. The trade
in draft horses of medium weight is fair-
ly large at $17561225 per head. with heav-
ier (lz'afters selling at $2? even

. «1611300 or
higher, but not many are marketed prime

enough .to bring $275. Feeders are in
demand to send to eastern Ohio and
Pcnnsylvania. inferior to fair horses

sell at 87561150.

 

Recentn‘eports from Texas speak of a
growmg interest shown in developing the
baby beef industry. Mrs. King, of that

state, who is the owner of one of the
biggest ranches in the world, is getting
ready to build 45 silos this year on her
lands to receive the crops that will be
raised. She proposes to feed 5.000 young
cattle the next seasmr from her crops
grown on 500 acres -of land. In years

long past 25,000 acres of land would have
been required to provide grass for so
many cattle. and even then not all of
been made fat

the cattle womd have
enough to market.

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

z-

manda ‘22, 1913.

THIS IS THE Finer EDITION.

 

In the first edition .the Detroit Live
stock .markets are reports of last week;
an other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first
edition is mailed Thursday,. the‘ last edi-
tion Friday morning. The first edition is
mailed to those who care more to get the
paper early than they do for Thursday's
Detroit Live Stock market report. You
may have any edition desired. Subscrib-
ers may change from one edition to an-
other by dropping us a card to that effect.

DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

 

Thursday’s Market.
March 13, 1913.
Cattle.

Receipts, 1418. Market strong at last
week’s prices on all grades.

We quote: Best steers and heifers, $8
@825; steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200,
$7.25@7.75; do. 800 to 1000, 376137.50; do.
that are fat, 500 to 700, $6@7; choice

fat cows, $6@6.50; good do., $5@5.50;
common do., $4.25@4.75; canners, $3.50@
4.25; choice heavy bulls, $6 5061/7; fair to

good bolognas, bulls, $5.75@6.25; stock
bulls, 83.50694; choice feedin steers, 800
‘ to 1000, $6.50@7; fair do., 80 to 1000, $6

@625; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6@
6.25; fair do., 500 to 700, $5.75@6; stock
heifers, $5@5.50; milkers, large, young,
medium age, $50@70; common milkers,
$30@45.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.
1 bull weighing 1960 at $6.40, 2 cows av
865 at $4.50, 2 do av 910 at $5.25, 4 do
av .907 at $5, 2 do av 960 at $5, 13 steers
av 915 at $7.40; to Parker. W. & Co. 7
do av 900 at $7.70, 1 cow weighing 1030

at $5, 1 heifer weighing 730 at $6.50; to 1

Newton B. Co. 17 cows av 1076 at $6; to
Goose 8 do av 991 at $5.25; 10 Sullivan
P. CO. 1 bull weighing 1170 at $6.50; to
Nagle P. Co. 5 steers av 1040 at $7.90; to
Hammond, S. & Co. 4 do av 992 at $8.
3 cows av 873 at $5.25, 4 butchers av
437 at $5.75, 11 do av 776 at $7; to Goose
12 cows av 913 at $5.35; to Mich. B. Co.
2 bulls av 1130 at $6.40, 2 do av 1295 at
$6.35, 16 butchers av 700 at $5.90, 20 do
av 797 at $6.35, 3 cows av 955 at $4. 3
steers av 687 at $7.25, 2 bulls av 785 at
$6.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull
weighing 1660 at $6.25, 4 cows av 1042 at

$6, 2 do av 940 at $5, 2 steers av 815 at
$7. 2 canners av 875 at $4.25, 3 cows av
1037 at $6, 8 butchers av 645 at $6.50, 13

F

Steers av 940 at $7.60, o do av 660
$7, 1 cow weighing 1080 at $6.50 3 do 21v
940 at $5.25, 3 steers av 1016 at $7.50; to
Newton B. Co. 20 steers av 1044 at $7.55.

Spicer & R. sold Sullivan 1’. Co. 1 cow
Weighing 1130 at $5.65, 1 bull weighing
1240 at $6.35, 2 do av 1465 at $6.35, 1 do
weighing 1780 at $6.50, 10 steers av 892
at $7.25; to Rattkowsky 6 do av 1010 at
$7.50, 2 cows av 890 at $4.75, 1 do weigh-
ing 900 at $5, 1 do weighing 1160 at $7;
to Kamman B. Co. 11 butchers av 790 at
$6.75, 5 do av 928 at $6.50; to Mich. B.
Co. 5 cows and bulls av 1028 at $6.50. 7
steers uv 943 at $7.40; to Sullivan 1’. Co.
2 bulls av 1235 at $6.35; to Hammond, S.
& Co. 4 steers av 1027 at $7.50. 9 do av
801 at $7, 3 cows av 893 at $5.75; to Hein-
rich 23 steers av 754 at $7; to Hammond,
S, & Co. 1 cow weighing 980 at $4.50, 3
do av 1077 at $5.25.

Haley & M. sold Kamman B. Co. 9
steers av 562 at $6, 14 do av 786 at $7;
to Thompson Bros. 7 coWs av 993 at
$5.40, 3 do av 1000 at $6.25, 2 do av 885
at $4.25, 1 bull weighing 1280 at $6.25; to
Sullivan P, Co. 2 oxen av 1145 at $6.65,
4 COWS av 870 at $4, 14 butchers av 993
at $6.10, 12 steers av 730 at $7.25, 4 cows
av 1085 at $6.25, 4 butchers av 660 at
$6.50. 2 bulls av 1290 at $6.50; to Ratt—
kowsky 8 butchers av 404 at $5.25: to
Marx 5 do av 772 at $7, 4 do av 675 at
$6.35, 3 do av 843 at $7.10; to Bresnahan
6 do av 460 at $5.50; to Breitenbeck 3
cowsav 1013 at $5.75, 2 do av 860 at
$5.50. 2 do av 875 at $6, 8 butchers av
791' at $7; to Kull 1 bull weighing 1120
at $6, 1 steer weighing 800 at $7. 3 cows
av 850 at $4.70; to Heinrich 4 steers av
947 at $7.50.

Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 25
steers av 1021 at $7.65; to Sullivan P.
Co. 2 cows av 765 at $5.25, 2 heifers av
790 at $6.75, 3 steers av 970 at $7.50. 6
butchers av 796 at $5.60, 1 bull weighing
1270 at $6.40, 3 stccrs av 833 at $7.25: to
Mich. B. Co. 23 steers av 1031 at $7.80;
to Breitenbeck 7 cows av 1014 at $5.40;
to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull weighing
1050 at $7, 2 cows av 990 at $5.50. 2
heifers av 640 at $4.50. 1 hull weighing
1150 at $6.50, 2 cows av 790 ut $4, 1 do
weighing 1020 at $4.75; to Parker, \V. &
Co, 18 butchers av 590 at $6.50. 15 do av
737 at $7; to Goose ‘10 cows av 1000 at
$5.35, 2 do av 780 at $4; to Newton B.
Co. 16 do av’948 at $5.25, 6 steers :iv 787
at $7.50, 12 do av 1090 at $8. 8 do av 1137
at $8, 12 do av 950 at $7.60: to Ham-
mond, S. & C0. 1 bull weighing 1150 at
$6.50; to Newton B. Co. 16 steers av 846
at $7.40; to Rattkowsky 4 cows av 760
at $5.50.

at

Veal Calves.

Receipts, 648. Market active at last
week's prices; few extra fancy a trifle
higher. Choice. $11.50; good, $9.50@11;
common, 556178.50; milch cows and spring-
ers steady.

Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Co. 8 av 130
at $11, 1 weighing 120 at $11, 26 av 140
at $10.50, 12 av 135 at $10, 1 weighing
100 at $10, 1 weighing 280 at $5. 6 av
120 at $10.50, 4 av 155 at $11; to Mich.
B. Co. 4 av 150 at $10.50, 1 weighing 200
at $8, 2 av 270 at $6, 10 av 138 at $10;
to Nagle P. Co. 3 av 140 at $10.50, 3 av
100 at $9, 8'av 140 at $10.50.

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts, 3585. Market strong at last
week’s prices; few choice lambs a trifle
higher. Best lambs, $8.75@8.85; good do.
$8.25@8.50; light to common lambs, $7@
_8; yearlings, $7657.50; fair to good sheep,
; culls and common. $4@4.75.

, . sold Nagle P. Co. 38
lambs av 80 at $8.75.

Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Co. 27

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

lambs av 75 at $8; to Parker, W. & Co.
27 do av 80 at $8.50; to Goose 7 yearlings
av 125 at $6; to Nagle P. Co. 20 do av
110 at $6; to Mich. B. Co. 15 sheep av
90 at $5.50, 20 lambs av 50 at $7.25, 9 do
av 68 at $8.25, 21 do av 55 at $8.25.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Hayes 23 sheep
av 70 at $5.50; to Nagle P. Co. 47 lambs
av 75 at $8.50, 229 do av 88 at $8.80, 24
do av 85 at $8.75, 64 do av 75 at $8.75, 55
do av 85 at $5.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 17
do av 55 at $5.50; to Parker, W. & Co.
10 yearlings av 100 at $6.50; to Sullivan
P. Co. 55 sheep av 95 at $5.75, 13 do av
65 at $3, 35 lambs av 58 at $5.75, 9 do av
50 at $6.50, 7 do av 45 at $6.50: to Thomp-
son Bros. 12 yearlings av 100 at $6.50,
10 sheep av 105 at $4.50, 10 lambs av 47
at $7, 19 do av 60 at $8; to Hayes 23
sheep av 70 at $5.50.

Hogs.

Receipts, 3379. Market 5@10c higher
than on Wednesday; 20@25c higher than
last week.

Range of prices: Light to good butch—
ers, $9.15@9.20; pigs, $9.15; light yorkers,
$9.10@9.15; stags one-third off.

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 62
av 190 at $9.20.

Bishop, 13. & H. sold same
at $9.20.

Same sold Hammond, S. & Co. 350 av
150 at $9.20, 210 av 220 at $9.10, 1450 av
180 at $9.15.

Haley & M. sold Parker, W. 8.: Co. 217
av 180 at $9.20.

Spicer & R. sold same 175 av 180 at
9.20.

329 av 150

Friday’s Market.
March 14, 1913.

Cattle.
Receipts this week. 1695; last week,
567. Market strong at Thursday‘s

prices; run light. \Ve quote: Best steers
$8608.50; steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1200.
$7.25(a«‘7.75; steers and heifers, 800 to 1000
$76127.50; do. that are fat, 500 to 700, $6
6127; choice fat cows, $6606.75; good do.,
$5615.50; common cows, 3545061475; can-
nerS, $4604.50; choice heavy bulls. $650622
7; fair to good bologna bulls,$5.756t6.25;
stock bulls, $5605.50; choice feeding steers

800 to 1000, $6.506p7.25; fair do. 800 to
1000, $6606.25; choice stockers, 500 to 700,
$6606.50; fair do., 500 to 700, $550626;
stock heifers, $5605.50; milkers, large,
young, medium age, $55@78; common
milkers, $35@50.

Veal Calves.
Receipts this week, 842; last week, 705.

Thursday on
Best, $11

Market $1 higher. than on
account of very light receipts.
6112.50; others, $8@10.50.

Milch cows and springers steady.

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts this week, 4338; last week,
3978. Market steady at Thursday's
prices. Best lambS, $8.756;8.90; fair to
good do., $8658.50; light to common do.,
$6.506y7.50; yearlings, $7.50; fair to good
sheep, $5.25605.75; culls and common, $4
@450.

Hogs.
Receipts this wcck, 4448; last week,

4373. Market steady at Thursday’s
prices. Range of prices: Light to good
butchers, $9.20; pigs, $9.20; light yorkers,

$9.20; heavy, $9609.15; stage one-third off.

LIT/E STOCK NOTES.

 

Iowa sheep feeding districts have mar-
keted the greater part of the sheep and
lambs held there, mild weather during
most of the winter having facilitated
feeding operations, assisted by generous
feeding of corn and other feeds. Just
now Colorado is taking a prominent po-
sition in marketing fat lambs and year-
lings, but owners are acting conserva-
tively in avoiding glutUing the market.
The marketing of Colorado flocks is ex-
pected to be carried up to the close of
May.

The live stock commission of Alberta
estimates that more than 100,000 cattle
Were taken by Alberta farmers from Mon—

tan-a to that Canadian province during
1912 for breeding purposes and for fat—
tening. He expects ,a still larger move—
ment during the present year, if the
stock is available. The commissioner
adds that very many small farmers are
ready to engage more extensively in the
stock industry, provided they can get
suitable leases on grazing lands. Last

year numerous large shipments of choice,
fat Canadian range cattle were received
in the Chicago stock yards and sold at
such high prices that after paying the
high duty levied on them, the owners
obtained substantial profits.

Farmers of southern Ohio are in nu-
merous inStances owners of from 15 to
20 brood sows, and one wealthy farmer
is the fortunate owner of 500 fine brood
sows. Cattle are scarce.

E. E. Buldridge. of Texas,
10,000 cows and heifers from u ranch
down in Mexico, and delivery of the
cattle has begun, the fat cattle to be
sold for beef and the remainder to be
placed on pastures in the southwest. The
same Mexican ranch has sold to another
Texas firm 2,500 heifer calves for May
and June delivery, and were it not for
the revolution in the southern republic,
far more cattle would be imported into
the United States.

A recent report made by S. W. Mc-
Clure, secretary of 'the National Wool
Growers’ Association. who has been care-
fully inveStigating shearing prospects on
the western ranges, contains much in-
teresting information for sheepmen gen-
erally throughout the country. He is in-
formed by sheepmen of long experience
that for a period of 25 years there has
been no winter during which the growing
clip of wool was so promising. All over
the range country the winter season has
been so favorable that the early spring
finds the wool cleaner, brighter and light-
er than for many years. The flocks en-
tered the winter period in unusually good
condition, and unusually good feed has
helped to produce a much greater length
of wool fiber than in former winters, It
is too early to speak conclusively regard-
ing the wool clip, but prospects were

has bought

never brighter, except in the states com-
prising the southwest. The flocks gener-
ally summered well, and during the win-
ter the range carried plenty of grass, as
abundant rainfalls promoted the heav-I
iest growth seen in many years. Since
last November no heavy storms have pre-
vailed to weaken the- flocks and injure
the wool fibre.

Some weeks ago prime fat handy-
weight lambs offered in the Chicago mar-
ket had a wild boom in prices that car-
ried them up to $9.50 per 100 lbs., and
choice yearlings, Wethers and ewes also
sold at materially advanced values, al-
though undergoing smaller advances than
lambs. Since then lambs have moved up
and down, always selling at very much
better figures than in past years at cor-
responding dates, but whenever the $9
figure was attained a reaction was sure
to set in that forced values lower. Mean-
while yeariings and fat sheep have come
to the front as favorites once more, and
they have advanced sharply on several
days, bringing the highest prices record-
ed in a long period. The owner of a
big string of Kansas—fed ewes was great-
ly elated when his commission firm sold
them for him at $6.40 per 100 lbs. which
was 40c higher than any previous sale
of ewes this year. Fewer yearlings have
been coming to market than heretofore.
and the receipts have ran very largely to
lambs, as usual, with a fair showing of
wethers and ewes. The Chicago sheep
and lamb market depends largely upon
conditions existing throughout the east-
ern markets, and the weather has a
great deal to do with trade. \Vhen the
weather turns cold much more mutton
is consumed than during the spells of
mild weather, and the winter has been
unusually warm in the east, as well as
in other parts of the country. Further-
more, ice is scarce in the cast. and it
sells at high prices. Then prices for
lamb and mutton are very high, and this
checks consumption, sheep prices having
come nearer those for lambs than for a

long period. ,
\\'estern packers are slaughtering far
less hogs in the aggregate than a year

ago, and accumulating stocks of lord and
cured mcats, such as hams, becon, pork,
etc, is a matter of extreme difficulty,
with the enormous call for fresh pork
absorbing so large a percentage of the
hogs. Our foreign exports arc u small
affair compared to what they used to be,
and the packers are likely to find it not
cusy to feed the people of this country.
The lai'gcst year of exports of hams and
bacon was the 12 months ending June 30.
1898, when we cxportcd 850295000 lbs.
of these two important hog products,
while for the last year those exports ag—
gregated only 336.735.2329 lbs. The lard
exports rcachcd their maximum in the 12
months ending June 30, 1906, when they
nggrcgated 741,500,000 lbs, but during
the last calendar your lard exports were
only 470,850,000 lbs. Our expm-ts of cat-
tle and sheep products are also diminish-

ing materially in volume, and our old—
time principal customer, John Bull, is
now obtaining his meat supplies very
largely from Argentina and Australia.

scarcely any exports of fresh beef hav-
ing been made from the United States
since last May.

FILL YOUR 511.0

W1“ A Rosenthal Cyclone

Automatic-Governor Self Feeding
Feed Cutter and Silo Filler. Two
sizes requiring 8 to 15 H. P. Emery
Wheel attached to machine for grind-
ing knives. Write for description and prices.
, . We are the manufacturersof the Rosenthal
' Corn Huskers and Shredders. Address:

‘ ROSENTHAL CORN HUSKER (30.,
" 8 Milwaukee Wis.

 

 

    

 

        
       
     
      
 
  

 

    
   

we’re willing
to assume the re-
sponsibility of m :3
to you — absolutely—

that the

I Light Runnmg'
“SILBERZAHN”
ENSILAGE CUTTER

will cut your ensllage better, faster, more satisfactory
in every way than any other cutter and is positively
safe under all conditions. Send now for our “try bc<
fore you pay" proposition which will surely con-
vmce you.

Gabi Bros. Mfg. Co.
1 233. Water St.

  
  

   

       
      

.-’-

 
   

 

 

We Want HAY &. STRAW

We get. the top price on consignments. make
liberal advancements and prompt remittances.

Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons Co.
PITTSBURG, PA.
Menace. Wuhingbn Trust Company, orany bunk in a“,
Ship your cal-load lots to us
HAY THE E. L. RICHMOND 00..
Detroit. — Michigan.

. TWENTY TONS ALFALFA IIAY FOR SALE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

35>- ~395

 

l‘rinus Mill Hill Linus

Hill SALE llll EXGHMEE

—139 good im roved land. New house
For all. “$85.31. 15 aoregtlmber. New line fences.
CARRIE WOODROFF, Ortonville. Michigan.

—— tFrult ounty.
We SsllOceana Farms 133132.... Cocrn Al-
this, Stock. List. free. HANSON a son. Hm. alien.

ettlers Wanted—Unusualo portunities. For par'
tioulars write J. W. Sal-ll, gr. Farmers (Jo-ore!"
ntive Land 6: Stock Co, Palisade, Atkin 00., M un-

_.w '
CANADA LAND .Jrigiii’afé 32353.53:
and statistical and detai ed information

 

 

 

views.
about our lands in east central Saskatchewan. It‘s
tea. The Waloh Land 00., Winnipeg. Canada.

 

BUY NEW YORK FARMS NOW.

Best Lands. Beet Cro . Best Homes. Biggest barns.
Finest schools, chum es. roads and transportation.
For list of New York farms address.
McBUltNEY d: 00.. Fisher Building, Chicago. Ill.
' and unim raved lands in Delaware.
FIT‘lllO Fan“: diverslfl farming live stock. de-
liclous fruits and ideal homes. For information
address, State Board of Agriculture, Dover. Delaware
MINNESOTA has a home for you. Good land at low
prices. Literature giving informa-

tion about. soil, climate, rice of land. eta. sent free
on application to H. J. uxfield, Commissioner of
Immigration, Room 219 State Capital. St. Paul, Minn.
F0“ SAL ~40 ACRES. 7milos northeast of Lake-
\'iew. near church, school and store.

Buildings fair with silo, dflacres cleared, 240 rods woven
wire fence. Address 0. W. FUNK, B. 5, Ionia. Mich.

FARMS WANTED—We have direct buyers. Don't;
pay commissions. Write d0"
scribing property. naming lowest ‘3 ice. We help buy-
ers locate desirable m y FRI: . .Amerioan Invest.
ment Association, P aceBldg., Minneapolis. Minn-

SUNNY TENNESSEE—Improved fertile farms.

houses. barns. orchards On

each. Rural Routes and telephones. 85 acres $650,

295 acres 81500, 111 acres $2000. 40 acres $700. Free list.
JENKINS & SON, Huntingdon. Tenn.

VIRGINIA FARMS. DillllES All) Ollllllllllls.

A Splendid improved river farm of 400 acres for $6000.
2dairy farms cheap. Several splendid orchardJJm osi-
tione. We show proB‘ertiee at our expense an regund
railroad fare. E. S. 'ilder & 00., Charlottesville, Va.

TWO FARM BARGAINS

SI) acres. 65 improved. new cottage house, new barn
36x56 under construction. Only 4 miles from Gladwin.
120 acres, well improved. dark loam soil, suitable for
sugar beets. New house and two new barns. 3 miles
from Gladwin. I have many other small farms at
reasonable'firices on easy terms. Write me at once.
'. G. EYNOLDS. Gladwin, Michigan.

saves you time. and

money in buying a

farm. ikSK FOR IT.

MICHIGAN FARM HOME 00.. Greenville. Mich.

WHY PAY RENT

near Saginaw and Bay City.
ticulars. Clenrtitle and easy terms. Stu
(owners) 15 Mcrrill Bldg, Saginaw, W. S.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

whcn you can buy
tho Best Land in
Mich] nnnt from
. $12 to 15 an acre
Vl rite for mati‘p and pub

eld Bros,
Michigan.

For Sale Or Exchange

First clussffi? acre 'stock "or! dull-gl farm in Allergen
County. Michigan, 3% miles from lainwell, 1% miles
from Interurban. Fair buildin 8. dark loam soil.
lics level. no waste land. Price 3 5 per acre. Will
take good income property or stock of general mer-
chandise for one-half its value.
.- Y THOMASMA. Owner.

433—438 Houseman Bldg.. Grand Rapids, Mich,

AllaltalandsforSale

Michigan hardwood out over lands. some improved,
most productive virgin soil out of doors, three
bumper crops alfalfa per year, excellent for all grains
and grasses and fruit. Terms and prices easy to
attract quick development. Write

Thad. B. PRESTON, Unaway, Mich.
ion SALE—7W0 so ACRE mans.

One with small house and barn, 30 acres cleared.
balance stump land. some fruit. trout stream through
it, level lay, rice 81,200, M, down. balance yearly
fiayments of ‘100. THE OTHER. A good 8 room
ouee. barn. granary, hog house, 1200 bushel capacity
cement cellar,other needed build l ngs. 50 acres cleared
some fruit, 30 acres wood lot (fenced for pasture). all
level good land and a bargain at $2400, Terms: 93'
down, balance to s .it. can be aid with timber.
Write or call on J. M. McFARREl‘l). Rapid City, Mich.
F R E E iul Sacramento Valley, the

. . .. richest valley in the world.
Unlimited opportunities. Thousands of acres available at

right prices. The place'for the man wanting a home in the finest
climate on earth. Write to a public organisation that gives

reliable information. Seer--
{:an Valley Development CALIFORNIA
see -
5.... Sacramento.
Western (lanada Farm Lands.
I I | - . .

The unnadian Pacific Railway 31:9,?g‘dfi‘233fi’5:

in lands throughout Alberta and Saskatchewan.

Prices 811 to 820 per acre. loaned by company for

improvements, also 81000 loaned for live stock. Set;

tiers havele years to pay. A splendid opportunity to

start in profitable farmifi. Special cheap excursions
, I

weekly from Detroit and cam. You must see and be
satisfied before buying from us. Write for particulars.

0. P. ll. land Dept, Hammond Bldg, Detroit.

 

 

 

 

Literature will be sent to any-
one interested in the wonder-

 

Money-Making Farm

 

 

A. M BULLOCK, Lapeer, Michigan.

1000 Apple Trees. '

James Wilson. Ex Secretary of the U. S. De artment
of Agriculture. after ersonally inspecting New York
State farms. said: “ ereafter when a. young man
With a few hundred dollars asks where he can enga
in farming to the best advantage I shall ask that. g:
be directs ‘to the possibilities existing throughout
New York State. ' This splendid 186-1:ch New York
State farm is better than the average: smooth machine-
worked fields cut 75 tons hay. brook and spring-watered
pasture for 40 cows. lots of wood. 1000 apple trees 800
sugar maples and only two miles to R , station
stores, high school, milk station. 2-story 10-room house.
50-“. barn. silo. milk house. owner has made money"
is buying larger farmnif taken now includes 2) cows:
2 horses, lot of machinery, dairy utensils. wagons,
so at tools, farming tools. etc.; price for all only
35a“, with .8161!) cash. balance very easy terms. "
Traveling directionstosee this and other splendid
New _York State farms, on e 33, "Strout‘s Farm Catalog
36, Just out, biggest and eat; farm catalog ever issued,
markets. climate etc.. all the best. farming districts
Sh‘iiloeu'lgfiglinm 135682551? file copy' E' A'
Bldg, Pittaburg. Pa. . a on 01, Lnlon Bank

 


 

 

     

 

lie Feels ~ . »

letter

./ Vlltli a Hair cui ‘
just the same as you do. How

would you like to stiu wear your

winter coat when spring work begins? ‘

: It you want your horses to keep well,

» .1

longer and give you better service
in every way take of! the heavy coat that
holds the wet sweat and dirt. Don'tbuy any .
u

 

‘ The Stewart

Ball Bearing '

I Clipping Machine

Has all file hard out steel gears. enclosed safe

 

the only machine that will clip horses. cows
‘ and mules without any change whatever. .

ning flexible shaft and the Stewart sin-
gle tension clipping head, highest
Clips easier and faster than

Every

Get

from dust and dirt and running in oil,
‘ Hasofeet of new style. light. easy run-

grade.
any other and lasts longer.
machine fully guaranteed.

one I‘rom your dealer or send .2
to ushandowg vgll PRICE
s p . . .
for balance. $1§2 '

   

You lose 01 on every six sheep by shear-
ing the old way. You know how many
you’ve got. Figure out how much more
money for you it you get more and a
linger. better quality of wool, that will
bring a hi her price. "Use a

Stewart 0. 9 Ba Bearing
Shearing Machine ..

It’s the most perfect hand operated '
shearing machine ever divised. Has ball bearings

in every part where friction or wear occurs. Has a
ball bearing shearing head of the latest improved
Stewart pattern. Comes complete, in- RICE
eluding 4 combs and 4 cutters of the s so
celebrated Stewart quality at... ...... . I
But one trim your dealer. or send -"'
02.00 and we will ship C. O. D. for balance.
\ CHICAGO FL IBLE SHAFT co.
\ 115 LaSaIle Arc. CHICAGO

      
       
  

   
         
      
     
 

  
     

    

\

 

? Sheep Scab Picks

the Breeder’s Pocket

Scabby sheep pay little profit. Dollars that
should fatten your bank roll are cut in half
by the low price of raggedf‘clip" and ill-
developed carcasses. Nothing but untlirift
ispossible with scabby sheep. Bear this in
mind and forestall disaster by usmg

,llr. Hess Dip
and Disinfectant '

This meets the Government requirement as
an official dip for sheep scab. Very easy
to use. Provide a.suitable "dipping tank"
and fill with a solution one part dip to 72 of
water. Then thoroughly souse all sheen.
taking pains to wet the skin well.
Repeat after 10 days and your sheep will at
once' show marked improvement. With a
consequent rise in values.

Dr. Hess Dip is agermicide, disinfectant and
deodorizer. ll destroys all germ and
parasitic llle. Prevents live stock dis-
eases and purities outbuildings. .sewers.
drains and smks. Write for free dip book.

Dr. mass 3; n
CLARK, . ‘
Ashland,

   
  
   

 

 

  
 
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 

A Great Horse Story

ATE and QUEEN

By Prof. Jesse Beery
Surpasses the famous “Black Beauty'
“ ate" a. victim of poor
handling is vividly oontrast- .
with ‘ Queen" who was
more fortunate. Yo u

sympathize with one—-
reioice with the other.
Prof. Beery has woven into this in-
tensely interesting story. man valu- , . ,,
able su gestions for handling . orses ,
-a resu tofalifetime’s experience. ' ,
Thousands praise it. Sells for 500,
but a limited number on] will
be sent for the names an ad-
dresses offs homeowners and , . '
100 to giver postage and pack}. . «
lth each boo we also con ,
FREE FREE a neari‘tiful colored
picture of eon-«ill palnti effect '
«suitable or framing. Senldgtoday.
Prof. Jesse Beef-1y
Box 577 , Pleasant ill, 0.

', When writing advertisers please
mention The Michigan, Farmer.

I

. . » . . . -
“N 'dfiWbW’Nmaenm-uu w an w<‘v~~J~~-w

 

THE MICHIGAN. FARMER

FEEDING LAMBS ON COW’S MIL-K.

(Continued from page 371).
the top off milk that has stood half an
hour or more. Jersey milk should be
rich enough, anyhow. If scours result
from using cow's milk scald the milk be-
fore feeding, and as soon as possible
change to a. fresh cow. I have never
been troubled with scours in cosset
lambs, except when the cow used hnd
been in milk for several months and
when the lambs had been weakened be-
fore birth by improper feeding of the
ewes.

In ordinary cases two or three tea-
spoonfuls of warm milk, well peppered,
just before the first meal, will be suffi—
cient. It may safely be repeated several
times, however, if appetite seems poor.
If a. lamb is badly chilled whcn found.
wrap an old woolen shirt around it and.
after giving a strong dose of pcpporcd
milk, lay it on a warm soapstone. Ro-
peat the pepper at frequent intervals un-
til the patient begins to sit up and tnko
notice, then give all the warm milk it will
take from the bottle. I hnvo soon a bull‘-
teaspoonful of pepper put into a badly
chilled lamb with good results. It is
much bettor than whiskey.

Improper feeding and handling of owes
will sometimes produce lambs that soom
resolute-1y determined to die. and occu~
sionally n lamb is so deformed :lt birth
that the bowels cannot move. I hnyc
never known the pepper trcnlmcnt to foil

 

 

I
I
Jgive pcpporcd milk from tho bottle—you

on n honlihy lamb, and have soon it suc-
cocd in many cases on small, wcnk lambs
So thoroughly chillod thnt lii‘o. socmcd
[almost oxlinct. Don’t use lhc \\'i'ongkind
of pcppo)" though—‘bluck poppci' will do
more harm thnn

good. Also don't try to

might succcod once but tho lnmb would

probably acquire :1
against rubber nipple“.
Ionic Co.

strong projudicc

STACY llnowrv.

REMEDIES FOR THE PIG—EATING
\ HABIT.
, 'l hove noticod in the columns: of your
ipnpcl‘, .scvcrnl I‘cuuosts for a i'cmody to
stop brood sows from outing ihcir pigs.
How is one which, 1 think, will bo found
satisfactory. llampcn n woolcn ing with

kcroscnc Oil and rub 0Vol‘ can-h pic's
buck, lightly, do not ch too much oil
for it will blister. This will not provcnt

‘the sow from owning pigs.
Calhoun Co. M. L. LITTEBRANT.

 

I have noticed twice of into. poople
have asked for a remedy for sows outing

their pigs. As I have one I thought l
would write. I used to havo trouble
nearly every year with sowS, and once

hud a sow out her pigs whcn ihoy worc
two wooks old. About ten yours ugo one
of my noighboi‘s told me to food my sows
oil min] or linsrrcd meal and :1 small
piocc of salt, about the size of a hcn’s
egg, every dny for a couple of wooks lic-
fore they fari'owcd. l havc ncvcl‘ had a.
sow cut pigs since I tried it.

Wayne CO. A.

 

KINGON.
FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.
Musty Rye for Hogs.

“'ould musty two be it safe food for
hogs if cooked and inixod with corn und

oats, the mixlui'c to be ground bcfoi'c
cooking? \\'ould add that rye is not bad-
ly damngcd. '\\'ould it bc practical to
sow I'npc with clovor. using .1. disc drill
on corn stubble seeded to ryo'.’ Would
the rape protect the young clovor
through the hot wcathcr und make full

posture for lambs?
Cass Co. .\, R.

Blusly food of any kind is not :1 whole-
some feed for live stock, although if 100

 

 

 

much of it is not fed and tho food is
t-ookod before using, the dangcr in its
1use would be considerably loswncd. ]n
‘in i'ccont issue of the llIichignn Humor
u subsi-i'ibci' guve a warning“ :igninst tho
use of musty rye and slatod his cx-
poricncc in feeding same to hogs with
the result that some wci'c lost and Ihc
balance were unthl‘ifty. Very much

would dopond upon the extent of damage
to the groin and the amount which is
fed.

Seeding Rape for Summer Pasture.

I have a piece of black sand land that
I secdcd to timothy lust full and i did
not get a cntch. 1 used 200 lbs. of for-
tilizer to the acre. I wont to pasture
this field this summer. “lould it be all
right to go on with a disc drill and use
oats and rape? Docs rape make good
pasture for milch cows and horses?

Monroe C0. SUBSCRIBER.

This soil should be thoroughly disced or
plowed and fitted in order to get a good
seed bed for the rape. Simply sowing it
on this ground with a drill will not in—
sure a growth of pasture. Rape- is not

a suitable pasture for milch cows as it
taints the milk in a. very disagreeable
manner.

I

 

LIVE STOCK NEWS.

Recent receipts of cattle in Chicago
and other leading markets of the country
have fallen off materially, and .the de-
creased offerings have given rise to a
wide-spread belief that supplies of cattle
that; are nearing maturity are fast peter-
ing out. This condition of things was
freely predicted by the best informed
men interested in the cattle trade sev-
eral months ago, and there is nothing to
indicate that marketings for some time
ahead will come unywhoi‘e near approach-
ing the normal. Furthr advances in
taken place, even prime heavy beevcs
nearly all descriptions of beef cattle have
participating at last in the upward move-
menl, and obviously at such a time the
many inquiries for well-bred feeders and
stockcrs met with the response that
these cattle were up too. About the only
unpleasant feature of the cattle market
from the stockman’s standpoint seems to
be the strange persistence of some men
in hnStening their warmed-up cattle to
inui‘ket instead of holding them up to
full maturity. Regarding this feature, a
cattle trader remarked the other day:
"Those half-fat cattle of decent quality
should be kept off the market. They
cannot be replaced advantageously, and
whilc they are selling relatively well,
ihcy can be made so much better in n
i‘ow wcoks that their selling value will
ho materially increased. At present they
nici'cly furnish killch with a weapon to
hold down values of good steers."

.\ mammoth Texns ranch produced
lost your 5,500 calves, and the manager
said that with the Scarcity of beef cattle
cvci‘ywhcro throughout the country, he

found raising the calves an extremely
iinpoi‘lunt source of profit. on were»
sold and port raised, and in both cases
profits wcl'c found to be proportionately
\‘oi‘y much gi'oulor than for any other
class of cnltlc. Too few stockmcn ur‘c
ruining calves, and those who are doing

so are not likcly to rogrct it in the fu-
Iul'o. It is u grout pity to sec so mnny
lll‘SI-l'zllc boof cnlvcs. as well' as good
lll'ci‘tlL‘l' cows and heifers, offoi‘od on tho
nmrkois of the country at such n time of

bccl‘ scarcity and unpi‘cccdcntcdly high
lll‘it‘L‘S. ' '
.\ prominent live, stock commissmn
firm of Chicugo solids out tho following
udyicc to culllc owncrs: “\\'iih a de-
cz'onsc of upward of 022.000 cutilc at the
six Imnling wcstci‘n inui'kcts thus fur
this your, plus the high pi'iccs for hogs
and lambs. ihoi‘c is good reason for thc
boilor trade in cattle. (‘ui'i'ont prices
nio unwui'mnlcd. l'ooplc, who huVe cut-

ilo on food {no jusliilod in inking n more

hopci'nl vicw of the i‘utui'o li'ndc 1)l‘t).\‘~
pools. ’l‘hcy ni'c also wni‘i‘nnlod in bold-
ing: buck tho, pni'lly—l'ni cattle of good

quuliiy for longoi' I‘ccding. llowr-vci‘,
holding buck cniilc in good fut condition
for the express purpose of marketing
lhom ni higher prices is attended with
much risk.”
Hog owncl's are oxti‘cmely
I‘oi'lunuic men, and it is u pi‘ctly good
indication of tho pi'ovniling sentiment
[Illiluf—lllilllt feeding districts that market-
lugs of swino bccomc small after chi‘y
oonsidornble brcuk in prices. Owners
Sumo time ago iixod upon $8 poi‘ 100 lbs.
on tho form as a minimum prico., and
sinco. thcn ihci'c has bccn no weakening
on ihcir purl. 'I‘hc plainly cvidcnt scr-
lilllH grout shortngo in the country‘s hog
crop mnkcs tho pnckors ongcr to secure
lhoii‘ full supplios of hogs for meeting
tho, cnormous reuuii‘cmonis of tho fi'csh
moat trndc, us well as for incrensing the
gi'cnlly dcplotod stocks of provisions in
wostci'n wnrclmuscs. \\'iih hogs soaring
in lll‘lt'CS fully $2 per 100 lbs. ovor the
figures that pi'evailod a your ago, cured
hog: products have not been slow to pur-

thcse limos

!

MARCH 22, 1913.

  

Bigger Pigs
Patter 11on

Less Feed Cost

The U. S. Department of Agriculture
Bulletin No. 170 sa ‘ s in part: ‘The no-
ciple content of ats is Nitrogen re_e
Extract of which Oats contain 45.7% di-
estible. The principle content of Cane
GLASSES is Nitro en Free Extract of
which it contains 69. 9b digestible”—ap—
proximatel 50% more. Think of that—a
gallon of classes ise ualinfeedingvalue
to a bushelofgraz'n an costs only one-third
to one-half as much. This big saving in the

cost will make a big difference in your profits.
E E D IN G

£9113“? 1501A my

made from Sugar Cane, mixed with
any kind of grain, makes hogs fatten
faster—grow bigger. It is all feed—no
waste. One barrel of this money-savin
feed costs on only $10.64 freight aid an
beats 50 ushels of grain for attening
hogs, steers, sheep and horses. No other
feed compares with it as a profit producer.
We prove all this at our risk or no pay.

Feed Half a Barrel AT OIIII RISK

Order one or more barrels on our "no risk"
Trial Offer. Welpay the freight to your town.
Feed halt a barre and if you don't like it —send

back what is left (at our expense) and we will

    
   
   
    
    
  
  
   
   

 

  
   
   
 
  
  
  
     
   

         
  

refund all your money. makln no charge or

.. m—n m the half barrel used in testing, Price in 9c 3

'Illfllllllilllllll\\\\\; grid—81“. :? bagel (56 gisllo‘na . freight I:
, """-'” ‘ y in. o rig pay w an ves. en

Illimlfllll}! money with your order—we return it all if on

are not pleased after feeding halfabarrel. e

    
 
   

also pay freight on what is returned.Yon don't
risk one cent. 0 s lpments made less than one
barrel. Order tadau—ct'e a money maker.

WATTLES 8- COMPANY
Dept. MFA thchfleld, Mlehlgan

tE lual.’ Diti'but 0 Feed'
“We. Momlaseeevagn 1h: bung; 88105” mg
Shipments made only In 66 gallon barrels

THE BEST iimnrnr

0R PAIN KILLER FOR THE HUMAN BODY

ombault’s

G
caustic Balsam

IT HAS NO EQUAL

In W

 

 

  

 

    
       
       
    

 

 

 
       
     
       
      
       
 
 
     
       
  

A _‘

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For ing,sd:trl)ieiii; gird POHOCHV 5".
healing, and for all Old and

h Sores, Bruises,or _
e Wounds, Felons, Reliable Remedy
Exterior Cancers, Bells '0',
ll uman in“. :3:
CAUSTIC BALSAMlhus Sore Throat
Body 3° new“: Chest cold
Baekaohe

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u poisonous su stance -
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many c or c more
ailments and it can be Sore Lungs
userlon any case that Rheumatism
requires an outward and
application with . .
.pcflect saffly. a" sun JOII'ICS

   
  

 

 

 

 

 

  

REMOVES THE SDREHESS--STRENETHEN8 MUSCLE:
Cornhill. Tex.-"0no bottle Cauello Balsam did

my rheumatism more good than $120.00 paid in

doctor’sbills." TTO A. BEYER.
PriceOIJO per bottle. Sold by druggists, or sent

 
           

 

suc the same course, and within a short
limo May pork has sold on the (‘hicrigol
Board of Trade around $4.00 llt'l‘ burn-l

highoi‘ than 21 your oni'lici', with lord and
other products showing similzu-
The consumption of
much larger scale than might be expcct—
od with the prevailing high Dl‘le‘S, as tho
high priccs for bccf and mutton arc help-
ing the pork consumption. This is es—
pccially true of the cheaper kinds of hog
mcnis, and the southern demand looms
up more conspicuously as the your ad-
vunccs. The general oxpcciation now is
Ihni thc advcnt of spring will brii gabout
rcduccd mnrketings of hogs, this being
tho usual thing ubout the time that the
farmers begin to devote Iheir time to
plowing and seeding, instead of hauling
hogs to markct.

The appearance of lainby owes in
wcstorn markets is dcprocatcd and should
be stopped. This is of all years the very
worst for adopting such :1 short-sightcd
policy.

The number of cattle imported into tho
l‘nitod Slates has grown from 03,000
bond in 1902 to 325,000 in 1912. while the
number exported has fallen from 327.0000
in 1902 to 46,000 lust your.

\Visconsin has begun shipping its dairy
calves to the Chicago market, and prob-
nbly before long there will be the usual

liberal spring offerings and breaks in
prices.

Sheepmen have been endeavoring to
buy feeder stock in the Chicago market

for sc-voral weeks. and shearing and
fcoding lambs of high grade have brought
extremely high prices, few being avail-
able. The best class of lambs, requiring
only a short food have sold at $8.25fi 8.50
per 100 lbs, and within a short time
sales have been reported of several lots
of Montana and Idaho alfalfa hay-fed
Limbs for finishing purposes, Hundreds
of former sheep and lamb feeders are
deeply regretting that they were kept
out of the industry this season by the
dearness of feeder stock during the past
autumn months.

advanccs‘. .
provisions is on 21‘

 

 

by no express prepaid. Write for lloo le

k t .
the LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY. Cleveland. 0.

AVE-Hinds

(Trade Mark Reg 3
a?

   

     

 

NOW

All the winter long, the troubled
owner of a lame horse raids our ad-
vertisements. Then, day after day slips
away, while he talks, laments, listens,
takes advice and hesitating—FAILS
TO ACT — till the Springtime is on
him and his horse 18 not yet able to
work. Meantime the thrifty, prosper-
ous, resolute man, reads, considers the
evidence carefully—Decides Prompt-
ly—and his horse is working in, say,
ten days to two weeks. That’s exactly
what happens every winter.

We Originated the treatment of horses by
mail—Under Signed Contract to Return Mon-
ey if Remedy Fails—and every minute of ev-
ery day for seventeen years our advice and
treatments have been on the way wherever
mails go and horses are. Our charges are
moderate. Spring work is near. Write.

Our latest Save~rhe-Horee BOOK is a Mind Sctt.ler—-—
Tells How to Test for Spavin—What to Do for a Lame Horus—-
Covers 58 Forms of Lamcness—lllustratcd. But write describing
your case and we will send our BOOK —~ Sample Contract and
Advice—ALL FREE—to (Horse Owners and Managers--0nly.

Drugglsts everywhere sell Save-the-Horse WITH

CONTRACT or sent by us Express Prepaid.

TROY CHEMICAL 00.. 20 CommerceiSG, Bingharnlon. N. Y'.

 

 

  

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MARCH 22. 1913.

 

Tris MICHIGAN FA‘RMER

 

  

aflllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllg
s . -.—._=-—
g Veterinary. E
fillillllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll'érr?

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.

Advice through this department is free
to our subscribers. Each communication
should state history and symptoms of the
case in full; also name and address of
writer. Initials only will be published.
Many queries are answered that apply to
the same ailments. If this column is
watched carefully you.wil.l probably find
the desired information in a reply that
has been made to someone else. When
reply by mail is requested, it becomes
private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must
accompany the letter.

 

Cough—I brought some horses from
the western states and part of them
have a bad cough. Also one of them
stocks. J. J. S., Scottville. Mich—Give

/each horse 1 dr. guaiaeol at a dose in

1 oz. of olive oil, three or four times a
day. ' For the horse that stocks, give
him a teaspoonful of powdered nitrate
hotash at a dose in feed two or three
times a day until the desired results are
obtained.

Lumpjaw.—I have a cow that has a
hard bunch on upper jaw about three
inches in diameter with soft spot in cen-
ter. J. F. Z., St. Louis, Mich—Open
bunch and allow pus to escape, then ap-
ply iodoform twice a day. Give 2 drs. of
potassium iodide at a dose in feed or
water three times a day.

Feeding Silage to Herd Bull.—-D0 you
know of bad results from feeding herd
bull silage? H. L. M., Hemlock, Mich.—
I do not regard silage a proper and bal-
anced ration for stock bull. Feed some
grain, roots and good ‘mixed hay.

Cattle Cough.—-Nearly all our cattle
are troubled with a cough and I am
fearful they may have tuberculosis. How
can I tell if they have tuberculosis? A.
G., Forsythe, Mich—Have your Vet. test
them with tuberculin and he can tell
quite accurately whether they have tu-
berculosis Or not. A cough is not always
a symptom of tubercular trouble. I be-
lieve if you will give your cattle two
tablespoonfuls of equal parts ginger and
licorice in feed three times a day they
will get well. Be sure and feed them
well, also avoid exposure.

Hide-bound.——I have a two-year-old
heifer that is fed ground corn, oats,
wheat bran, oil meal and plenty of corn-
stalks, but she remains hide-bound. Mrs.
YV, T., Kalamazoo, Mich—Give her 35 OZ.
of Fowler‘s solution at a dose in feed
three timesaday. Her food supply should
be increased and her body groomed
twice daily. Keep her in a warm, well-
ventilated stable.

Bog Spavin.—I would like to know how
to remove a soft puffy bunch from hock
of horse. Horse is not lame and bunch is
situated on fore and inside of joint. H.
F. S., Munith, Mich—You will obtain
fairly good results by applying equal
parts of spirits of camphor and tincture
of iodine every day or two, or apply one
part red iodide mercury and eight parts
cerate of cantharides to bunch once a.
week. No matter what I have applied to
such bunches the results were never
very satisfactory; therefore don't expect
quick results.

J. S., Onondaga, Mich—Cows that are
troubled with clinging afterbirth gener—
ally suffer from infectious abortion or
have aborted the result of accident. Your
local Vet. was right in taking it away,
but when it is necessary to remove them
the cow should follow up treatment or
she will give lesg milk for some time and
perhaps leSS milk all season. Give each
cow 1 oz. gentiun, 1 oz. ginger and 1 oz.
bicarbOnate soda at a dose in feed three
times a day.

Barren Cow. We had to take calf
away from cow, it was dead; this cow
comes in heat regularly, but fails to get
with calf. I examined her and found 03
closed. Last fall I used a wash on her
every other day for a month. \V. A. B.,
Ithaca, Mich.~—The opening leading into
uterus should be almost closed. not large
enough to admit a finger. Better fatten
your barren cows. _

Indigestion—Liver D1sease.—V\'hen my
sow took sick her pigs were six weeks
old and I weaned them. The pigs have
thrived but sow has poor appetite and
has been ailing for a few weeks. A. J.
T. Samaria, Mich—Give her 1 gr. of
calomel and 20 grs. bicarbonate soda at
a dose daily for a week. Also give her
2 grs. quinine at a dose five times a
day.

Bursal Swelling—-Worms.—Have a colt
eight months old that has bunch size
of a'hen egg situated two inches below
stifle joint, but it is not causing lameness
and this colt is also troubled with long
white worms. J. R. I)., Lucas, Mich.-
Apply one part iodine and 8 parts fresh
lard to bunch three times a week. Give
colt 1,5 oz. ground gentian and a dessert-
spoonful of salt at a dose in soft feed
twice a day. , .

Stifle Lameness—Canine Distemper.—
I bought an eight-year-old mare the oth-
er day that had been stifled. She travels
with a hitch and as this trouble has
lasted for the past two months I would
like to have her cured. I would also like
to know of a remedy for dog distemper.
D. F., Ellsworth, Mich—Apply one part
red iodide mercury and ten parts cerate
of cantharides to stifle once a week. Give
your dog 2 grs. of quinine, one-sixtieth
of a grain of strychnine and a teaspoon-
ful of whiskey at a dose three times a
day. The vaccine treatment has given
me very good results in the treatment
of canine distemper.

Hide-bound.—I have a nine-year-old
horse that is not doing well; is thin. hair
long and shaggy and hide is quite tight.

 

‘ G. H. J., ClariOn, Mlch.-—Give her a des-

sertspoonful of Fowler’s solution, a ta-

 

blespOOnful of fluid extract of cinchona,
a tablespoonful of fluid extract gentian
and a teaspoonful of salt at a dose in
feed three times a day. You should in-
crease her grain supply, feed her some
roots and groom her twice a day.

Incipient Bone Spavin.—Have a ten-
year-old mare that shows lameness when
first taken out of stable or after she is
allowed to stand a few minutes and I
am inclined to believe that lameness is
in muscles near stifle joint. J. P. G.,
Shebena, Mich.——Mix together equal
parts of trpentine, aqua ammonia and
raw linseed oil and apply to hock and
stifle every two or three days.

Enlarged Glands—Bursal Bunches—I
have a stallion that has a few small
bunches on hind legs about the size of
a marble; some of them are located un-
der fetlock joint and I would like to know
what would remove them. F. L. M.,
West Branch, Mich—Apply tincture 10-
dine to bunches once a day.

Bursal Bunches in Hock—My three-
year-old mare has bunches on her hocks;
I. think they'came on her from rubbing
herself in stable. How can I remove
bunches of this kind? J. M. B., Milford,
Mich.—Apply equal parts spirits of cam-
phor and tincture iodine to bunches ev-
ery day or two.

Scours—Bog Spavin.—I am feeding my
colts clover hay and cornstalks for rough-
age, oats and bran for grain ration. One
of these colts scours and they are all
inclined to be too loose in bowels. I
have also a colt that has a puffy bunch
in fore part of hock joint, but is not
lame. G. B., Vassar, Mich—Feed your
yearling colt oats and timothy and give
him a 3/2 oz. of ground ginger and 2 drs.
of Dover's powder at a dose in feed three
times a day. Apply equal parts tincture
iodine. spirits of camphor to bunch ev-
ery day or two.

Sitfast.——My five-year—old horse has a
hard bunch on shoulder under skin where
collar rests; this bunch must be painful
for when pinched he pulls away. W. V.
1-1., Grand Rapids, Mich—A bunch of
this kind should always be cut out for
they cannot be diSsolved or absorbed with
drugs. Apply one part iodoform and ten
parts boracic acid to wound twice aday.

Sprained Hock. My mare injured hock
causing leg to swell to body, but she is
not much lame and all the swelling has
left except that in hock joint. I). A.,
Montague, Mich—Apply one part turpen—
tine. one part aqua ammonia and four
parts raw linseed oil to hock every day
or two.

Wart on Eyelid—I have ,a valuable
yearling heifer that has a large wart
growing on upper eyelid. How can 1
remove it without injury to eye? \V. L.
H., Kewadin, Mich.~\\'arts are only skin
deep, therefore it should be cut out and
borucic acid applied to wound once or
twice a day.

Enlarged Glands—I have a cow that
has some small bunches in her bag, and
would like to have you prescribe for her.
N. S., Columbiaville, Mich—Apply one
part iodine and 16 parts lard to bunches
in bag every day or two. Give her 2 drs.
potassium iodide at a dose in feed two
or three times a day.

Abscess—I have a heifer that has a
bunch on neck the size of a small bowl;
it is soft and not painful. She seems to
be well, has good appetite and was all
right ten days ago. R. C. V.. Alamo.
Mich.—I am inclined to believe bunch
contains either blood or pus. Open it
with a. small clean penknife and allow
its contents to escape then inject with
one part coal .tar disinfectant and 20
parts water twice daily.

Infected Udder.~—Six weeks ago a bunch
came in my cow’s udder which was mov-
able and about the size of my thumb;
now she gives bloody milk and a second
quarter seems to be diseased. Her bag
at no time has been much inflamed, but
her milk yield lessens and I would like
to know what can be done for her. L.
C. B., Munith, Mich—Give her 1/2 oz. of
hypOSulphite of soda at a dose in feed
three times a day and apply one part
iodine and 20 parts lard to diseased quar-
ters three times a. week; it will help
her.

Kernel in Teat.—High up in my cow’s
teat is a kernel which interferes with
milk flow and after using milking tube
for a time she acted as if it pained her,
for she kicked when we tried to use it.
I had to tie hind legs together before
we could milk her, but she enjoyed to
let us milk other three quarters of bag
empty. D. A. B., Portland, Mich—Apply
one part iodine and ten parts lard three
times a week. Give. her 2 drs. potassium
iodide at a dose once a day.

Impaction—Nodular Disease—I would
like to know what ails my sheep. One of
them died showing the following symp-
toms: LOSS of appetite, resting head on
fence, shaking of head, followed by con-
Vulsions and death. I opened dead one
and found bunches in fat close to bow-
els. I feed them bean straw, clover hay
and cat straw. H. P.. Gaines, Mich.—
Their bowels are costive and they die
the result of impaction and nodular dis-
ease. Keep their bowels open and give
each sheep 10 grs. of powdered sulphate
of iron at a. dose in feed three times a
day.

 

Tuberculosis—When I opened a. chick- ‘

en last week I found a tumor—shaped
bnch the size of a small tea cup and I
am at a loss to know what ailed this
chicken. I did not use him for food.
M. R., Grosse, Ile, Mich—Your chicken
suffered from either an abdominal tumor
orth‘ad tuberculosis. He was not fit to
ea .

Ulcerated Cornea.-~I have some young
lambs that are having trouble with their
eyes. A sort of blister comes on eye
ball, breaks and then they are blind.
This disease lasts about a week before
vision is lost. T. L. S., Lennon, Mich.—
Give each sheep five drops of Fowler’s
solution at a dose three times a day, also
apply the following eye medicine three
times a day: Borate of soda. boracic
acid, each 40 grs. in 4 ozs. of water. A
bright light always irritates a sore eye.

 

 

 

 

 

’ 357—397

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ROCK ISLAND PLOW 00..
24332nd Avonuo. Rock Island. llllnolo

Seldom See

a. big knee like this, but your
horse may have a bunch or
bruise on his Ankle, Hock,
Stifle, Knee or Throat.

    

 

  
   
 
 
 
 

 

 

   
 

   

Saginaw Valley Stock Farm

Importers of

Belgian and Percheron
Stallions and Mares.

Formerly oi Decalummllana. 15 Years importers.

 
         

     

Bum Aim
will clean them off without laying the
horse up. No blister. no hair gone.
$2.00 per bottle delivered. Describe
your case for special instructions and

Books K Free.

ABSORBINEJR. the antiseptic lini-
ment for mankind.

Removes Painful Swellings, Enlarged

Glands, Goitre, VVens, Bruises, V ari-

cose Veins, Varicosities, Old Sores.

Allays Pain. Price $1 and $2 a bottle

at druggists or delivered. Manufac-

tured only by

w. F. YOUNG. P. ll. l-'., 268 Temple St, Sprlngfleld, lass.

MINERAL
HEAVE.
/ °i2§S°REMEDY

 

  
  
 
 

Just arrived with an extra good importation
of stallions from 2 to 1 years old, which we
offer at very reasonable and attractive prices
with guarantee the best. If you come with
cash or bankable paper we will try our best
to sell to you. We have our selling cloth on
every day in week. Write your wants or
come and see us.

ELI SPRUNGER 8- SON. Props.
Boll Phone 292 l J—Z. Soglnow.w.s. Mloh.

        
 
 

      
     
     
 

 

      

 

 

 
 

Sond lodoy'

        
   
 

$1 Package

cures ordinary cases.
. Postpaid on receipt of price.
Agents Wanted

' Write for descriptive bookie! E

Iinoral Heavo hem-av 00.463me An. Plum,h.

“gm ~--:.:...«.:....:.-.» ‘00 Ahead-look Aroundj

 
   
 
 
 

We would like your business, but
we are glad to have you see others
and compare with our

STALLIONS

Bur Percherons and Belgians

will meet the demand for quality
and real draft. To know about

them, you must see them. Once

seeing them, you will be satisfied.

Call on us at

Huntington, Indiana.

iEO. W. SOUERS & SONS]

  

 

 

HEWO
BELGIANS '

(Service Book 1 Oc.)

 

 

 

 

   
  

DUNHAMSr
PERCHERONS

are today as for the past
forty-seven years the
Fresh importation. Cat-
alogue FREE.

DUNHAMS. Wayne. Du Pogo County. III.

For Sale 7.1:!sz Belgian Stallion

Sound and right in every way. Also 3- ' ~
JACK. Or will trade for other Live Btogk ahhahgil
Estate. Addreea.W.G. Himmelwright,Frankfort.Mich.

PEflGllEllOllS—BLAGKS and GEMS

We can show more bone and muscle than an b -
er in Michigan. Young stock for sale frog nigg-
weighin 1 to 2000 lbs. Impoeant 79403 (79836)

The 3-year- wei ht 30 lb. th d f .
FOR SALE 0111— cults. osddodaa°shfiia Mendon. Mich.

PERCHERON STALLION 2 STUDS,CHEAP.

One imported 13-year-old, wei he 1&1) lbs in bre ad

in condition. One registered ve- " ‘ ” .

Chape'le NO. 62940 M! £13323? fig. 132:: hem ore blocgmlflogu:eslghh2lg.
n on e re 0 . '

Sire Olbert. Site of dam—Calypso. A block weigh. in A. P. A. J. 5. Butler. Pgrt‘llgnffirfiiggl.wl§:llf:l§gm

ing 1800 lbs. Bred by the M chigan Agricultural
b OME lino guns registered Clydesdale Stallions
m 1 to

NEW IM PORTATION

We have given more than a quarter
century to importing breeding and dis-
tnbutiou of the Belgian horse. We
handle no other breed and believe we
have now In this new importation of
stallion} and more: o clan of horses
that Will please you. and all are for
sale at prices not equalled by anyone
in the business when merit is consider-
ed. Wlll be pleased to have you ask
about them and to visit us at any time.

H. 8r. H. WOLF

Wabash, Ind.
HEWO STOCK FARM

 

 

 

 

 

College. and owned y

for Sale . 1d. 1 th '
A. n. PALMER & sons, Belding, me... .u. mnfltwfigrna mantra an

action. lot of April.

'pERCH ER F. A. Pgé‘imaapac. Michigan;
V I
0N S Frommmadanaa stallions. 3: “rear:
$21.1“ ‘12,: 3331“”) a! wen u “10' “my. Stable Bone and Weight. .6. a H. LOCKER. fiiumn. Ohio. >
Stock for amino. ”“m‘mfitl, " m... ““3 Bog. Shire lam i mum For Sale were}:

 

 

 

or w
B. F. ANDERSON. No. 1, Adj-m. Michigan. adoring individuals. Addreoo. Box 3%. Opp”. Mich

 


   

  
 

THE superiority of Amatite
over all other ready roofing
. is apparent to anyone who
‘ uses it. .
Amatite does away with all roof—
T, ing troubles and unnecessary ex—
l penses because it is made with a
‘, real mineral surface which needs no
painting.
, It is durable, fire retardant, prac-
tical, economical.

Don’t buy any other roofing till
you look up Amatite. Write to
nearest office for samples.

Everiet Elastic Paint

Save money by using this black paint
wherever the color is no objection. Elnstic.
heat-proof. durable. Use it. for "rubber"
rootings and all exposed iron and wood.

Barrett Manufacturing Co.

New York Ohica o Philadel hie Boston
Cleveland Sgt. Louis p Pittsbur h
Cincmnati Kansas City Minneapofiu
Seattle Corey. Ala.

  

  

 

 

oo Stumps
$32,..an The
Hercules

OU can clear an acre or more
of stumps a day. No stumps
can res i st the Hercules.

Doubles land value—enables

on to make $1200.00 On 40 acres

e first year after stumps are

out—and $750.00 in crops

every year after. Get the
proof. Why not

Write Us Now

Book tells all the
facts—shows many
photos and letters
from owners—tells all
about the many Her-
cules features. We’ll
also quote you a special money-saving price
proposition that will interest you. Address
HERCULES MFG. CO. 137 mu St... Centervllle, Iowa

 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
  

 

 

Engines

Sold Direct
to You at

FACTORY
PRICES

60 Days Free Trial—You Run No Risk

The Witte is conceded the best engine
in America. Made by E. H. Witte, mas-
ter builder for 25 years. Ask any Witte
user. Any size from 1% to 40 horse-power
all tested to ten per cent overload. 61
special advantages.

And You Now Pay Only
FACTORY PRICE

We cut out all dealers—their profits go
to you. You also get the full benefit of
our low factory cost. We have no power
expense at our plant, as we own our gas
well; testing heatinglighting fuel. all free.

Take a 60 day trio. . hive year guarantee.
Write for book, "How to Judge a Gasoline En-

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NOW, telling us size engine you need.
WITTE IRON WORKS CO.
2191 Oakland Ave. Kansas City. Mo.

The WITTE
Cuts Gasoline

       

Bills in Half

 

WHEN'I‘ notations pay, big money. Get
60 prepared for ' exam " by former
0.8. Civil Service oratory-Examiner. ree Booklet
67. Patterson Oivi Service School. Rochester. N. Y.

 

 
    
   
 
   

n

 
 

Practical

FOODS AND ACCESSORIES.

 

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.
Discussion on Vinegar.

Vinegar, as the term etymologically is
defined, means literally sour wine. It
seems that in olden times the product
consisted principally of actual wine com-
ing through a process of fermentation, at

times accidentally and at other times
purposely, from waste wines. During
late years, however. the product has

come to be understood, especially in the
United States, as the fermented product
derived from the juice of apples, so that
at the present time when the term “vin-
egnr” is used it has been conceded that
it means vinegar produced from apples.
The Process of Manufacture.
Technically and_ brielly the process is

 

 
   
       
        
            
           

as follows: The juice pressed from ap-
ples is allowed or encouraged to ferment
whereby the sugar is changed to alcohol
and the product then assumes a stage
whereby it is known as hard cider. Fol-
lowing the more or leSS complete alco-
holic fermentation of the sugar in the
apple juice the subsequent acetous fer—
mentation springs up.
secondary fermentation ordinarily takes
a coIiSiderably longer period of time for
its accomplishment. Speaking chemically
the process of this fermentation may be
represented as follows;

 

 
     

The cane sugar which may be present
in the juice is first inverted by which
process the sugar takes up a molecule of
water and simultaneously splits or di-
vides itself into two molecules of invert
sugar. This process is represented chem-
ically as follows:

C121[22011il—ll20:2(C61>l1206).

’l‘hc inVcri sugar which is represented
by the formula (36111206 as above is now
by alcoholic fci‘mcniaiion converted into
alcohol and carbon dioxide gas. The re-
actiou is as follows: CGlllZUtlrl-Afcrmonta—
tion'r2(C2116())~l72(C(')2).

 

 

Following the production of alcohol
which is represented by the technical
fmmula (CZIIGO), what is known as the
acctous fermentation takes place by
means of which this alcohol is oxidized
through fermentation to acetic acid. This
may be represented by the formula
C2l160+02+fermentation :Cle402rrjill2O
C2i~l402 represents acetic acid. A mole-
cule of water or H2O is given off during
this fermentation. It may now be ob-
served that while it was necessary for
the molecule of cane sugar to take up
water before it could be changed to in—
vert sugar that when the ilnal stage in
this fermentation is reachcd (that is,
when acetic acid is produced), this water
is again liberated.

 

  

 

 

Other Changes.

The above formulas represent the prin-
cipal change which takes pluce in the
fermentation of cider to vinegar. There
are certain other changes which‘ take
place to a limited cxlent, such as the
production of small quantities of highcr
organic acids and others, and incidentally
the production of varying smnll quanti-
ties of glycerine.

Necessity for Standardizing Vinegar.

\Vith the progress of food manufacture
in this country quite a large number of
varieties of vinegar have been placed
upon the market. Some forms are much
cheaper to produce than others and of
:L consequence certain manufaturcrs have
becn very prone to subMiiutc the cheap-
er articles of commerce for the more ex-
pensive in order that a greater margin of
profit may accrue to them. This has
made. it necessary that executive officials
entrusted with the enforcement of food
laws should carefully inquire into these
various practices, and at the same time
study methods by which such forms of
adulteration may be detected. Not only
is this necessary from the standpoint
of food officials but there are certain
manufacturing concerns who have been
strenuously striving to place upon the
markets products of undoubted purity.
Their market has been disturbed by the
sophisticated articles which, because of
cheapened manufacture may under-bid
the genuine article in the market, hence
the consumers andsthe executive officials'
interest in this respect lie in-common
with those of the honest manufacturer.
The Board of Food. and Drug Inspection
has passed upon the question of the
labeling of vinegars and Food Inspection
Decision No. 140, which is quoted in full

fillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMilli

This acctous or.

 
 

T’HE’MIC'HIGAN- FARMER

  

Science.

ElllllllllIl|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllé’ll

herewith, covers these points in detail.
Issued February 27, 1912.
F. I. D. 140.
United States Department of Agriculture.
Office of the Secretary.
Food Inspection Decision 140.
Labeling of Vinegars.

The Board of Food and lirug Inspection
has given this question much considera-
tion. A public hearing was given, a ser-
ies of questions submitted to the various
State food commissioners, intcrested
manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and
consumers, and a study of the various
state laws and regulations was made, be-
lieving that these represent the general
misunderstanding of the terms by the
people of those states. From the infor-
motion thus obtained the board has
reached the conclusion that the defini-
tions given in Circular No. 19, Office of
the Secretary, are in accordance with
the facts. These are as follows:

1. Vinegar, cider vinegar, apple vine-
gar, is the product made from alcoholic
and subsequent acetous fermentations of
the expressed juice of apples.

2. “'ine vinegar, grape vinegar, is the
product made by the alcoholic and sub-
sequent aceious fermentations of the
juice of grapes.

3. Malt vinegar is the product made
by the alcoholic and subscquent act-tons
fermentations, without distillation, of an
infusion of barley malt or ccrcnls whose
starch has becn converted by malt.

4. Sugar vinegar is the product mode“

by the alcoholic and subsequent accious
fcrmcntalions of solutions of sugar, sy-
rup, molasses, or rciincr's syrup.

5. Glucose vinegar is the product made
by the alcoholic and subsequcnt acetous
fcrmcntations of solutions of starch or
glucose.

6. Spirit vinegar, distilled vinegar,
grain vinegar, is the product made by
the acctous fermentation of dilute dis-
tilled alcohol.

Several questions regarding these deli-
niiions have been raised and :lflCl‘ in—
Vcstigation the board has reached the
following conclusions:

Meaning of the Term “Vinegar”—
“'llilo the term “vinegar" in its etymo-
logical significance suggcsts only sour
wine, it has come to llthO .1 broader sig-
niiicnnce in English—speaking countries.
In the Ifniled States it has lost entirely
its original meaning and when used with—
out a qualifying word designates only the
product secured by the alcoholic and sub—

sequent acetous fermentation of apple
juice.
“Second Pressings.”—~lt is held that

the number of pressings uscd in Di‘opar-
ing the juice is immaterial so long as the
pomace is fresh and not decomposed. The
practice of allowing the pomacc from the
presses to stand in piles or in rats for
:1 number of days, duringr which time it
hcatcd and
then prcrsing. securing what is ordinarily
callcd “Second pressing,” in the opinion
of the board produces a product which
consists in whole or in part of n iililiy
and decomposed material and is there-
fore adulterated.

Vinegar from Dried-apple Products.—
'l‘hc product made from dried :ipple skins,
cores, and chops, by the process of soak—
ing, with subsequent alcoholic and ace—
lous fermentations of the solution thus
obtained, is not entitled to be called vin-
cgar without further designation, but
must be plainly marked to show the
material from which it is produced. The
dried stock from which the product is
prepared must be clean and made from
sound material. .,

Addition of \Vnterr—XVhen natural vin-
cgars made from older, wine, or the juice
of other fruits are diluted with water,
the label must plainly indicate this fact;
as. for example, “diluted to —— per cent
acid strength.” When water is added to
pomnce in the process of manufacture,
the fact that the product is diluted must
be plainly shown on the label in a sim-
ilar manner. Dilution of vine-gar natu-
rally reduces, not only the acid strength,
but the amount of other ingredients in
proportion to the dilution, so that re-
duced Vinegars will not comply with the
analytical constants for undiluted pro-
ducts; but the relations existing between
these various ingredients will remain the
same. Diluted Vinegars must have an
acid strength of at least four grains ace-
tic acid per 100 cubic centimenters.

bccom cs dccomposcd, and

MARCH 22, 1913;

'Mixtures of Vinegars—As different

kinds of vinegar differ in source, flavor,
and chemical composition,- mixtures
thereof are compounds within the mean-
ing of the Food and Drugs Act, and if
they contain no added poisonous or 0th-
cr added deleterious ingredients, will not
be held to be misbranded if plainly label-
'ed with the word “compound,” together
with the names and proportions of the
various ingredients.

Addition of Boiled Cider and Coloring
Mutter.~The Food and Drugs Act DI‘O-
vides that a product shall be deemed to
be adulteratcd if it be mixed, colored,
coated, or stained in a manner whereby
damage or inferiority is concealed; and,
in the opinion of the board, the addition
of coloring matters, boiled cider, etc., to
vinegar, wine vinegar, and the other
types of vinegar. or mixtures thereof, is
for the purpose of concealing damage or
inferiority or producing an imitation pro-
duct. In the first instance, the use of
such precincts is an adulteration and
therefore prohibited. Products artificially
colored or flavored with harmless ingredi-
cnis in imitation of some particular kind
of rincgar will not be held to be mis-
bnm'ded if plainly labeled “Imitation Vin-
ogar,” in accordance with the provisions
of the law.

Mixture of Distilled and Sugar Vine-
gars—The product prepared by submit-
ting to acetous fermentation a mixture
of dilute alcohol (obtained, for example,
from molasses by alcoholic fermentation
and subsequent distillation), and dilute
molasses. which has undergone alcoholic
fermentation, is not “molasses vinegar”
but a compound of distilled vinegar and
molnsscs vinegar; such mixtures, how-
cvcr. must contain a substantial amount
of molasses vinegar and not a small
umounl for the purpose of coloring the
distilled vinegar. The molasses must be
lit for food purposes and free from any
added dclcterious substances.

Acetic Acid Diluted.—~The product made
by diluting acetic acid is not vincgarnnd
when intended for food purposes must be
frcc from harmful impurities and sold
under its own nume.

l’roduct Obtained by Distilling KVood.~-
'l‘hc impure product made by destructive
distillation of wood, known as “pyrolign-
cous och," is not vinegar nor Suitable
for food purposes.

Acid Strciigtli.——A_ll of the products
dcscribcd above should coninin not less
than four (4) grams of acetic per one
hundred (100) cubic centimeters.

H, W. \YILEY,
R. E, DOORI’I‘TLE,
Board of Food and Drug inspection.
Amii‘oycd:
JAMES \X'ILSON,
Secretary of Agriculture.
\\'nshington, I). 0., February 12, 1912.

LABORATORY REPORT.

 

‘ Vulcanizing Rubber.

\Vill you kindly tell me what substance
or liquids will cause melted rubber to
linidcn after the boiling or melting point
is'rcachmi. while in the. process of cool-
HUI. I have been experimenting some
along this. line to apply on automobile
Ins so it Will be hard enough to stand
usual wcal‘.

lx'cnt (‘o. F. A. W.

’l‘hc exact technique of repairing au-
iomobilc tires is a hard thing to de—
scribe. it is done usually by a process
known as “Vulcaniziug.” whereby sul—
phur is incorporated into rhe product un-
dci' dciinito condil‘ions, altering the
Structure and compotition of the rubber
by which it becomes hardened. The form
of sulphur usually used is a liquid culled
sulphur chloride, but the work has to be
performed under very exacting" condi-

tions and requires special apparatus. The".

operation is so entirely technical that it
does not seem that it would be especially
desirable to go into it in these columns.

Coal Ashes Not a Fertilizer.

I have a neighbor who says, “Don’t
ihrow away your cool ashes, they make
the best kind of manure on the garden.”
All I supposed they were good for was
for road purposes.

St. .loscph Co. G. C. T.

Regarding 'the question of G. C. T.
above, would say that this question has
been answered previously, through the
columns of this paper, but: we will briefly
reply again.

Coal ashes are not of very great value
as fertilizer. In fact, we think it would
be almost a waste of time to gather them
for this purpose. They may be good,
however, as a mulch under grape vines
or raspberry bushes, etc., and to help
keep down the weeds, but in determining
just how much one can afford to spend
for this purpose no credit should be giv-
en from a. fertilizer point of View.

   
  

    
 

 

 

i.
+

l

‘7'"

,rr

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

,rr

 

 

a ' .
a «nursery. “‘.

- MARCH 22, 1913'.

Fréllllllll|llllllIIllIllllllllllllllllllllllll|IIIIIIIIIIIIlllIll||IIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIII|ll|IIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII"lg"

Grange.

 

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII llIlIl

EIIIIIIIII|”IiilIlIIlllIlllIllllllllIllIllIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|II|IIlllllllllilllllllllllllIlllllllllHIlIIlIIé—j

Our Motto—“The farmer is of more
consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”

 

THE MARCH PROGRAMS.

 

suggestions for Second Meeting.

Music.

Roll call, responded to by each member
giving a bad roads experience.

What do good roads mean to girls and
women on the farm? by one of them.

Echoes from a sermon heard or read
recently. -

Recitation.

What can this Grange do to promote
co-operative producing, buying and sell-

ing?
State and city milk inspection regula-
tions. Discussion.

Irish story te'llers' half hour.

A TIME FOR ACTION.

 

As was to be expected, the Grange 'is
again squarely facing forward in the
suffrage campaign. Although this or-
ganization has sometimes been called
slow and extremely conservative, it most
be admitted that it also has a reputation
for standing by whatsoever public meas-
ure it once espouseS. This is not due to
a blind regard for consistency. but rather
to extreme care and deliberation in ar-
riving at conclusions, its aim, invariably,
being to canvass each and every such
measure thoroughly from all viewpoints
before taking its stand.

The very recent decision of the legiS-
lature to re—submit woman’s suffrage to
the voters this spring naturally means
that a sharp, vigorous campaign will be
waged by the Grange and the other
farmers’ organizations of the state dur—
ing the few weeks remaining. Fortu-
nately there is no heSitation on the part
of the Grange. since the organization it-
self has practiced equal suffrage for
nearly half a century—from its very be-
ginning, in fact. Aided by the experi-
ence gained through last year’s magnifi-
cent effort, every Grange in the state
can do effective work between now and,
April 7 if its leaders will but act prompt-
ly. As to the proper line of action we
would call attention to suggestions of—
fered by the State Lecturer in a supple-
ment to the Lecturer’s Bulletin just is-
sued. The time is short and action in
all cases should not await the convening
of the Grange in regular session. Offi-
cers should call special meetings or, as
individuals, shoulder the responsibility of
getting the campaign under way at once,
The Slate Lecturer’s suggestions are the
following:

1. Immediately, appoint a Grange Suf-
frage committee and report to Ida. L.
Chittenden, Manager, Lansing. Mich.

2. Organize to urge all voters to vote
“Yes" on April 7. This is the big work of
this short campaign. ,

3. Co-operate with other organizations
in the campaign, financially and other-
wise. _

4. Order literature from Grange Suf-
frage Headquarters, Lansing, for use in
your locality. (150 per hundred).

5. Have school contests, getting chil-
dren to write prize assays on “\Yhy wom-
en should vote.” Have these essays read
at Grange.

6. Get suffrage speakers and hold open
meetings atschool houses and balls.

7. Have debates at open meetings,
anywhere, everywhere, upon “Shall wom-
en vote?” This may be made one of the
most effective ways of helping if en—
thusiasm is aroused in the outcome of
the debate. Send to Miss Chit'tenden for
helps. if you need more than you have
at hand.

8. Urge voters to help destroy the in-
fluence of private interests in Michigan
public affairs.

AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.

 

co-operation was the main topic at the
last February meeting of Cohoctah
Grange, of Livingston county. The meet—
ing occurred at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. Fred Smith, and the first topic,
“The essentials of co-operation in busi-
ness,” brought out a lively discussion.
The master told of a visit to one of the
meetings of the housewives' league in
Detroit. In his opinion they were doing
things in the way of co-operating. The
work of the Right Relationship League
was explained by the lecturer, it being
asserted that the league has 15,000 mem-
bers represented by 150 stores. It was
further stated that the Hon. Wm. Max-
well, of Glasgow, Scotland. is president
of the International Alliance, a compel-a-
tive organization in which 17 different
nationalities are represented. Great Brit-
ain has 2675 societies with over $263,000,-
000 capital and profits of $55,000,000. Es-
sentials in the formation of co-operative
enterprises were ennumerated as fol-

THE' MICHIGAN FARMER

The limiting of votes to individual
irrespective of holdings, and
The limiting of in-
terest on capital to the prevailing rates

lows:
members,
abolishing the proxy.

of interest. The return of surplus prof-
its according to patronage, also where
practicable, according to service. Among
the visitors at this meeting was a grad-
uate of Cornell Agricultural College who
gave an interesting talk on the above
topic. The talk of Dr. Giltner, State Vet-
erinarian, on hog cholera was,discussed,
also that of President Snyder of the M.
A ., on “The need of an agricultural
expert. '

A Cherry Tree was the feature of the
last meeting of Nunica Grange, of Otta-
wa county. This meeting had been plan-
ned for \i’ashington’s birthday but bad
weather made a postponement necessary.
After a program of muSic, recitations and
songs the members listened to the read-
ing of the Declaration of Purposes of the
Grange. Then the cherry tree feature
was introduced. As each member picked
a cherry from the tree it was opened
and found to contain a number which
entitled the owner to some article at the
booth, causing much merriment, as some
of the ladies drew corn-cob pipes and
cigars. The Grange will dispose of a
quilt at an entertainment in the near fu-
ture. At the meeting of March 22 Dr.
N. H. Kassabian, of Coopersville, will be
present and will give a. lecture on his
native country, Armenia.

Agricultural Credit and Co-operatlon
were discussed by Ottawa county patrons
at a comparatively recent meeting of
“Western Pomona. One speaker thought
the question of securing better agricul-
tural credit at deep one and held that
while in some parts of the country there
might be need of a lower rate of inter-
est, in his section the farmers do not
have much cause for complaint. Others
were of the opinion that to the young
man buying a farm for a home a lower.
rate of interest would be of great ad-
vantage, and that “Uncle Sam” is the
man who Should provide the money. In
the matter of securing closer relations
between the producer and consumer. it
was conceded that it would be difl‘icult to
dispense with the middleman in all cases.
However, it'was believed that where a
farmer lived within hauling distance he
could, if so inclined, probably build up
quite a retail trade with people living in
the cities. A talk on “Organization and
Co-operation” was given by H. F. Baker.
member of the State Grange executive
committee, in which was emphasized the
necessity of greater unity of action
among the farmers in obtaining legisla—
tion that is of intereSt to them, also in
advancing social and educational matters
in rural communities.

Chart-ham Grange, of Alger county, is
one of the Upper Peninsula’s live subor-
dinates. At one of its early winter meet-
ings the young people presented a panto-
mime entitled “YVanted. a YVife,” reveal—
ing a diversity of talent which augurs
well for the future of the organization.
The. officers installed by this Grange at
the beginning of the year are: Master,
Andrew Johnson; overseer, Knute Lind-
quist; lecturer, Mrs. C. C. Brown; stew-
ard, Mr; R. Carr; assistant steward, John
Lagergren; chaplain, Mrs. Andrew John—
son; treasurer, Mrs. Lagergren; sec-
retary, Mrs. XVm. Mead; gatekeeper, Wil-
lie Johnson; Ceres, Ellen Johnson; Po-

mona. Mrs. Frank Hill: Flora. Mollie
Christofferson; lady assistant steward,
Alice Johnson.

New Hall ln Eaton County.~At a

meeting of EatOn Pomona, early in the.
year, it was announced that West Ben-
ton Grange, one of that county’s hustling
subordinates, will own and occupy a fine
new hall before the year's close.

THE GRANGE IN OTHER STATES.

Pennsylvania Farm Cadets.——»The Penn-
sylvania state lecturer, in his annual re-
port, recommended that the boy students
in the 300 high schools of the state giving
agricultural instruction, be organized in-
to a company of farm cadets and sent in
squads to farms near their schools to
assist in farm work.

 

New Jersey Patrons are on the lookout
for the alleged “dangerous discrimina-
tion” against the rural school. In its
report at the last State .Grange meeting
the committee on education gave an in-
stance in one agricultural township where
$4,448 was allowed by the state for the
education of 355 pupils, while a neigh-
boring high school had $3,421.3Q to be
expended on 38 pupils.

 

Growth in New York.—The secretary’s
report, submitted at the meeting of New
York State Grange last month, showed
815 subordinate Granges in the state, a.
net increase of 31 since the last annual
meeting. In the 781 Granges from which
reports Were received prior to Oct. 1,
1912, there are/103,665 paid up members,
but including members in arrears total
membership on Oct. 1 was 104.683. Among
the largest Grange counties of the state,
counting paid up members to Oct. 1,
1912, are Jefferson with 7,715 members;
Chautauqua with 7,486; Monroe with
5.292; St. Lawrence with 5,206 and Wayne
with 5.192. There is no county in the
4.000 list, three in the 3,000 list, viz.:
Herkimer, Ontario and Steuben, while
there are 13 in the 2,000 list and the bal-
ance have less than 2,000 each. There
are only four dormant Granges in the
state. The total. number of Pomona or
county Granges is 49. The total receipts
of the secretary’s office for the past year
were $30,202.97.

COMING EVENTS.
Pomona Meetlngo.

Genesee 00., with Davison Grange, at
Davison, Friday. March 21.

Ionia Co., with Portland Grange, Fri-
day, March 21.

Ingham 00., with VVilliamston Grange.
Friday, March 28.

EIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllififl

Farmers’ Clubs g

    

Elli!“IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIl”IIIINIlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|lllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIlllllIlIllllllllllEl

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-
TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.

President—~Jas. N. McBride, Burton.

Vice-President—C. B. Scully, Almont.

Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. C.~ P. John-
son, Metamora.

Directors—C. P. Johnson, Metamora;
H. \V. Chamberlain, White Lake; Wm.
T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spaulding,
Belding; R. J. Robb, Mason; J. F. Re-
main, Flint.

 

Assoclatlonal Motto:
The skillful hand, with cultured mind,
is the farmer’s most valuable asset. '

 

Assoclatlonal Sentiment:
The farmer, he garners from the soil
the primal wealth of nations.

 

WHAT THE LOCAL CLUBS ARE
DOING.

 

The Nerve" Club, of Jackson County.—
Thls Club was represented by Mr. A. R.
Palmer, who stated that the Club was in
a rather weak condition. due to the fact
that the young people had not been suf-
ficiently interested in its work. He drew
from this fact a lesson for other Clubs
to make use of their young people as in
this>way they will interest them in and
identify them with the organization in a.
manner which will insure its perpetuity
and prosperity. This Club uses monthly
programs instead of a yearly program
believing it better to take up the topics
in the public mind at the monthly dis-
cussions than to assign subjects a con—
siderable time in advance'. The president
and secretary act with the program com-
mittee in making an interesting program
for the monthly meetings.

Washington Center Club, of Gratlot
County—This Club has a membership of
80 and holds 12 meetings during the
year, six of which are special feature
meetings. Included in the latter are a.
Temperance meeting, a Mothers’ meeting,
a Children’s meeting, a Musical meeting,
a summer picnic and a Club Fair. From
October to May all day meetings are
held and during the balance of the sea—
son afl'ernoon meetings are the rule. The
hostess serves light refreshments at each
meeting. This Club has been organized
nearly 14 years and only one meeting
has been missed in that time. For 11
years the Club has used yearly printed
programs. The Club Fair is a special
feature and a chicken-pie dinner is serv—
ed on this occasion. A flower committee
is maintained in the Club.

The Saline Farmer‘s’ Club, of Washte-
naw County.«—The delegate from this
Club stated that yearly programs were
used, but that the executive committee
is empowered to change the monthly pro-
gram to suit the occasion. This Club,
while in a‘prosperous condition, is one
of the smallest in the state. haying a
membership of only 12 families. The
membership fee is $1 per year.

The Eckford Farmers' Club, of Calhoun
County.—-This Club was organized in
1895 and holds nine meetings during the
year. One hundred members are includ-
ed on the roll. The membership dues
are 25 cents and an additional 20 cents
for the flower fund. The Club uses year-
ly printed programs. At the June meet-
ing exercises are held by the eighth

grade graduates of the Eckford township,

public schools.

The HillsdaIe-Lenawee Farmers’ Club
holds nine meetings during the season,
skipping the months of May, July and
August. The membership consists of 3.5
families which are scattered over con—
siderable territory. early programs are
used. The Club owns its own lapboards,

. each family bringing its owu dinner, cof-

fee being furnished by the hostess. A
memorial meeting is held in May, which
is quite a special feature of the Club.
Orleans Farmers’ Club, of lonia Coun-
ty.—This Club holds its meetings in a.
hall and keeps dishes on tables there.
The floors are occupied and 100 to 150
people are entertained at. each meeting.
The members like this plan better than
holding the meetings at the- homes. They
rent the hall and hire people to come in
and do up the dishes and keep the tables
in order. Eight regular meetings and a
picnic are held during the season. The
memberShip dues are 50 cents per per-

‘s0n. Monthly programs are used and a

good dinner is considered an important
feature of the meetings.

FROM THE ASSOCIXTIONAL
OFFICERS.

 

To the Farmers’ Clubs of Michigan:
By a unanimous vote of, the State As-

 

39—.—399 .»

sociation at Lansing the following reso-
lutions were adopted:

Resolved, That the apparent defeat of
the constitutional amendment granting
woman's suffrage demands the attention
of the public.to the situation whereby a
“Special interest” attempts to deprive
the elective franchise of a great moral
force. We ask that the power of the
state he used to determine that an hon-
eSt count be made and that if the record
is so clouded that the true will of the
people be obtained by the legislature re-
submitting the question of woman’s suf-
frage at the next election.

Resolved, That in case of the resub-
mission of the woman suffrage amend-
ment to the state constitution at the
spring election, we, the State Association
of Farmers’ Clubs, recommend that an
address to the voters be prepared, and
each Club member be made to feel that
the necessity of securing the largest pos-
sible vote and that the loeal Clubs be
made centers of work for securing an
affirmative vote.

In pursuance of the above resolutions
the State Association by its officers con-
sider it not only a duty but a pleasure to
ask all of the Club members to use ev-
ery rightful means to secure a favorable
action of Clubs at their meetings preced-
ing election and also the individual mem-
bers to get voters at the polls. We be-
lieve that as a power for righteousness
in government that woman suffrage will
be effective.

There is no organized opposition to
woman suffrage except from the liquor
interests. This opposition is really com-
plimentary to women and the question
is whether the men of Michigan are
chivalric or will recognize woman as an
economic factor in citizenship and moral
progress or will rally to the support of
the ‘wet’ interests.

JAS. N. McBRIDE, Pres.

MRS. C. P. JOHNSON, Sec.

CLUB DISCUSSIONS.

An Enjoyable Session.——One of the most
enjoyable social sessions in the history
of the Hadley and Elba Farmers’ Club
occurred at the home of Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Jones, February 20. After a.
bountiful dinner Vice-President C. A.
Davenport called the meeting to order.
Rev. Ehrhart offered the invoeation and
was followed by an instrumental solo by
Ruth Jones. The minutes,of the last
meeting were approved as read. and \V.
E. Ivory gave a report of the meeting
'with the Flint parties. Owing to a mis-
understanding Mrs. Mott " was not pre-
pared with the Club history. so Messrs.
A. M. Bullock and C. 1’. Johnson gave
impromptu talks on the culture and dis-
posal of the apple crop. Several selec-
LillIlS were very effectively rendered by
the male quai'tctte, Messrs. Phelps, Hart-
wig, Johnson and Ivory, and the Club
adjourned—Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Sec.

Record Breaking Meeting.——Thc March
meeting of the Ingham County Fariners'
Club was attended by over 100 members
and fricnds_who gathered at the home of
Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Thorburn. The meet-
ing was called to order by President Ives,
and resolutions deploring the recent at-
tack on President Snyder, of M. A. C.,
and its possible effect on the needed ap-
propriation for the college were passed
and ordered sent to the senator and rep-
resentatives from Ingham county. A
resolution on woman’s suffrage passed by
the State Association of Farmers’ Clubs
was also read, and a similar resolution
urging every Club member to do his part
toward the passage of the constitutional
amendment this spring was adopted.

“Birds of Michigan” was the subject
of the day. A. M. Chopin, who, by the
way, is the third generation of one of
the charter members of this Club, opened
the discussion. He stated that aside
from these that naturally find their homes
in Michigan, there are many that are
here for a short time, in all 236 varieties,
and there are 800 different species in
North America. As a boy he liked to
gather eggs, and had a collection of 136
varieties. He was more anxious for the
eggs then, now he would [my more atten-
tinn to the birds and their habits. \Vhen
in college and going out for a morning
stroll, it was not uncommon to see 50
different kinds of birds. He spoke of the
Bobolink being a forerunner of spring,
that he left the soulh just as they were
planting the rice, and when it was ready
to harvest in August they were back
south ready for their share. Birds are a
great benefit to agriculture. The quail
lives on the seeds of weeds. 0f the manv
kinds of hawks and owls all do good, un-
less it be the chicken hawk, and the
woodpeckers are also useful. He thought
the federal government should pass laws
to protect the birds. The northern states
have fairly good laws, but the southern
states how) none. and many thousands
of our useful birds are killed annually.
He referred to the bulletins published at
Washington that were free and gave
much valuable information, Sydney Tay-
lor followed and availed himself of the
chance to correct a. mistake made in
the report. Of the. 55 varieties of hawks
only one was injurious. so one must not
condemn the hawk family. The bluejay
eats the brown moth. The field mice
that do so much damage are kept in
check by the hawks and owls. It was
not uncommon for a bird to destroy 200
field mice, so it was not hard to tell which
side of the ledger his credit would be.
Mr. Webb told a pioneer story of the
screech owl, Mrs. Bush told of the whole-
sale destruction of the birds in the south.
MlSS VVhitmer spoke of the king bird
eating bees, but investigatiOn has prov-
en that the bees were the drones, and
that birds were especially fond of the
mulberry, and if one would plant a
tree it would be a protection to our cher-
ry crop and other small fruit, and sev-
eral others had a good word for our lit-
tle feathered friends.

 


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$985

Self-starter
30 Horsepower

5-Passen er
Touring ar

1 l 0-inch Wheel
Base

Timken Bearings
Center Control

 

 

 

 

 

All Overland motors are designed by Overland men-
made by Overland men—and made in Overland factories.
We will build 40,000 motors this year. No other automo-
bile manufacturer will build as many of this type. That is
why we can build them better, and for less cost. We em-
ploy the most skilled motor builders in America.

FollOwing are a few of the most important facts about
the Overland motor.

Cylinders have large water-jackets and are cast singly, in-
creasing cooling efficiency with the advantage of being able
to replace a single cylinder at low cost should an accident
occur. The crank shaft and connecting rods and allother
forgings are of high carbon manganese steel. (

All bearings, cylinders, pistons and rings are ground to
accurate and tested smoothness, insuring long life, freedom
from wear and positive compression.

All the wearing surfaces of the valves are ground to a one-
thousandth part of an inch. Owing to their peculiar design
andlarge size they enable the motor to develop at least fif-
teen per cent more horsepower than any other motor of
the same bore and stroke.

The cam shafts are drop-forged (in our own drop-forge
plant, which is the largest in the industry) oil-treated and
case-hardened. They are ground and machined automatic-
ally, insu ring positive accuracy in the relative position
of one cam to another.

Thisis the only car of its class provided with a five-bearing
crank shaft. This crank shaft is drop-forged from one piece
ofcarbon manganese steel and rotates in five bearings of un-
usually liberal size insuring quietness and extreme long
life. -
The crank cases are cast in two sections,of the finest grade
of aluminum alloy attainable—and cast in our own foundry.

No other motor in the world is given a more severe test
and thorough inspection. The engine is belted up for two
hours, and driven by other than its own power to limber
it up so that it will start easily. Then it is put onto the
block and run from 8 to 16 hours under its own power.

H

 

F. 0. B. Toledo

Completely
Equipped

Please address Dept. 86

The Willys-Overland Company, Toledo, Ohio

 

The Importance of
a Powerful Motor

S the motor is the most important part of a car, it
is safe to assume that you can judge a car by the
performance of its motor. Therefore, be guid-
ed and informed by the following information.

Every practical farmer knows the value of a good
motor in an automobile. He knows, too, from exper-
ience, what constitutes a good motor and what is ex-
pected of it. He wants power, economy and silence.

The motor is the most expensive single unit of the
Overland car. Ithas a4” bore and a 41/2" stroke. It is
the most efficient 30 horsepower motor made. We say
efficient for it has, by demonstration in tens of thousands
of cars, proven to be the best for our specific purposes.

It is exceptionally economicaly to operate—using less
fuel per mile than any other motor of equal size.

It is remarkably powerful, developing forty to fifty
miles an hour with ease; and over your kind of roads,
without eating up an unnecessary and costly quantity
of gasoline.

It is the only motor of its size made with a five
bearing crankshaft which makes for real smoothness,
silence and ease when in operation. This feature is
only found on very high priced cars.

t is remarkably simple. It is practically frictionless.
Requires no coaxing or continual adjusting. In fact,
you seldom have to lift the hood. Is always obedient.

And the self-starting feature adds the final touch of
perfection. Just throw a little lever and you’re off.
Your daughter can start, operate and drive an Overland
as well and as easily as you can. It will always start in
bitter cold and freezing weather as quickly as in the
summer—by just switching the little lever on the dash.

So we ask you to judge the exceptional value of this
car by the exceptional efficiency of its motor.

This big, powerful, comfortable touring car costs
you 30% less than any other similar car made.

We have some very interesting books we would like
to send you. They are free. Write us fora set today.

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$985

F. 0. B. T sleds
Completely

Equipped
Remy Magneto

Warner
Speedometer

Mohair Top and
Boot

Clear Vision, Rain
Vision WimLShield

 

 

 

 

Presto-O-Lite Tank " .

 

 

 

   
 
       

 

 

 

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