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v01}. CXL. No. 14. f

~Whole Number 3637.





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the, State.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY APRIL 5, 1913,





Sooty Blotch‘ on Apples





 





HIS disease, as the name implies,



I looks like small blotches of soot



. on the skin of the fruit. When



the affected fruit is examined with a





lens it is seen that these blotches are

made up of a. fine network of radiating

threads of fungous cells, with here and

there small projections made up of cells

masSed together. These blotches vary in

size, from mere dots to‘half an inch or

more in, diameter, and may coalesce so

as to cover a large part of the surface

of the fruit, giving it a dirty appearance

that is not removed by washing.



There seems to be no record as to the

Origin of this disease, but it appears to

be native to the southern apple-growing

states. It is not definitely known how

long sooty blotch has been present in

Michigan, but it appears to be spreading





room having a temperature about equal

to that of an ordinary cellar.



These boxes of apples were examined

from time to time for about three months

but in no case did the disease spread to

the healthy fruit and as far as could be

seen it did not increase on the diseased

fruit. ' ,



Nature of the Fungus.



This fungus, Leptothyrium Pomi, is

classified with the imperfect fungi be-

cause, up to the present time, no sexual

spore stage has been found. In fact,

most authorities claim that this is, a ster-

ile fungus, bearing no spores of any kind,

but in his work on this disease, Professor

Floyd found what he thought was an

asexual spore stage. Another authority

holds that the small projections, called

sclerotia, found on the fungus thread,





 





a: vw -





 





 





x





 





 





Apples Affected with the Sooty Blotch.





quite rapidly in parts of this state dur-

ing the last two years. This last season

it was very commOn on Spies, Baldwins,

Greenings, Red Canadas, Pewaukees, and

Mann apples from various parts of this

state, It is not confined to these varie-

ties, however, for Professor Sturgis re-

ports it on Newtown Pippins in Connec-

ticut, Professor Selby has found it on

Peck’s Pleasant and Home Beauty apples

and V‘icar and Angouleme pears in Ohio

and Professor Lamson noted it on Beurre

d’Anjou and Lawrence pears in New

Hampshire.

Affected Fruits in Storage.



When this fungus is very abundant, it

detracts considerably from the appear-

ance of the fruit, especially the light-col-

ored varieties, and thus decreases their

market value. Doctor Clinton holds that

where the fruit is abundantly spotted

with this fungus it wilts badly in stor-

age. Professor Sturgis carried on ex-

periments to see whether this disease

spread on stored fruit, and found that it

did not attack healthy fruit mixed with

diseaSed specimens nordid it increase any

on the diseased fruit. He also found that

the healthy fruit kept much better in

storage than that which was badly dis-

eased with sooty blotch.



To determine whether this disease

spread in storage, under Michigan con-

ditions, the writer carried on an experi-

ment during the present season as fol-

ldw’s: 'A number of healthy apples were

obtained and divided into two lots of an

equal number of specimens. The first lot

Was put into a box and placed in the

cold s’tbra'geas a check. The second lot

wasmixed'with a number of badly dis-

eased‘applesso that the diseaSed fruit

was in Contact with thehealthy speci-

mens on all" sides. These apples Were:

placed in two .boxes one of Which was





finally develop fruiting bodies, called

pycnidia, late in the winter, thus giving

rise to that type of asexual spores.





Authorities do not agree as to the

method of propagation by the sooty

blotch. Doctor Clinton has suggested





that this fungus may winter over on the

apple twigs. Professor Sturgis is of the

opinion that certain portions of the fun—

gous threads break off from the fruit and

serve, in the place of spores, as a. means

of spreading the disease. Observations





 





need know about the minute bodies, the

spores.





show that this fungus spreads most rap-

idly in warm, moist weather, and it has

been stated that fruit which is somewhat

shaded, is attacked to a greater extent,

as shown by the larger number of

blotches. But authorities do agree that

sooty blotch attacks the fruit about mld-

season in. states farther south, but this

point has not yet been determined for

Michigan.



. As a result of experiments in Connec-

ticut, Professor Sturgis advises spraying

every two wceks from the middle of June

to the middle of AuguSt. Doctor Clinton

found by experiments that the Bordeaux





 





3,5,0 cenrs A YEAR.

sz Eros 5 YEARS.





spray used for apple scab also controlled

the sooty blotch fungus. Professor Selby

recommended spraying apples when they

were about the size of hickory nuts.



The above experiments were'all carried

on with Bordeaux mixture, but this was

probably due to the fact that lime-sul-

phur had not come into common useat

the time the experiments were carried on.

As lime-sulphur has proven quite suc-

cessful in controlling apple scab it is al-

together probable that the proper use of

this spray for scab will also keep the

sooty blotch fungus under control.



Mich. Ag. Col. J. A. MCCLINTOCK.





 





The Blackiiiot of Plums. 1





Michigan but has an (ll'(‘ll.‘ll‘(l—~0lle

full of promise and sci out by an

owner with high hopes~~whicl1 is aban-

doned, or is practically \\'orthless, due to

this disease of plums and chcrries. There

are men at nearly every horticultural

meeting who voice a common feeling—

that the plum is not a safe tree toplant.

Nevertheless the biggest fruit grower in

the vicinity of Grand Rapids finds that

year in and year out the plum nets him

the surest and best revenue. l’lums sold

in the Grand Rapids market for $1.00 a

bushel in September, and some of thcse

plums were expressed to Lansing and

sold from $1,270 to $1.75 a bushcl. Yet in

spite of this price, in spite of the evi-

dence of succesSl‘ul fruit nicn, we find

the prejudice existing. An important fac-

tor in making this prejudice is the dis-

ease black knot. Here is a disease well

known for years, perhaps as sharply

marked a disease as there is, and as

easy to control as any othcr of equal ser-

iousne~s, which is certainly a menace to

the cultivation of plums and cherries.

Black knot of plum, after a long period

of discussion which ascribcd the trouble,

to insect“, weather, sour sup, and various

other causes, was in 1876 propcrly shown

to be caused by a parasitic fungus. A

parasitic fungus is a. plant which obtains

its food supply by robbing some other 01‘-





THERE is probably no communityin





ganism. The black knot lchs on the

plum 01' Cherry, making no food for it-

sclf, depending entirely on the fruit

trees for food supply.

Symptoms.



Black knot is well named. its char-

acteristic symptoms arc. well shown by

the accompanying cut. The fungus so





affects the fruit tree that the limbs swell

~sometimes to five times the normal size.

Breaking out all over the diseased por-

tion we find the fruiting bodies of the

fungus. Fungi are. spread by means' of

small diSpersive bodies callcd sflores, and

these bodies, millions in number, are pro-

duced in two special ways.



If a black knot is examined in June it

is found to be an olive green color, and

covered with a brislly pilc, quite like

velvet. This is the summer spore stage,





winter spores are not found until the fall.

\Vinter spores have been found by a stu-

dent investigating the disease in my

laboratory as early as November. It is

commonly believed that the winter spores

are spread in April, but this discovery

points to thc possibility of an earlier

spread.

The Control. ’ ,

To control the fungus. it is necessary

to cut out and burn the knots. The us-

ual advice is to cut out in the spring;

but l belicVe this should be changed, and

the importance of fall and winter eradi-

cation should be urged. If the spores are

found fully formed in November, surely

they are a source of danger in the winter

months. Then a. constant inspection for





 





 





a .





 





”1‘,





Black Knot on Wild Cherry, showing Dis-

tortion of Limbs.





 





 





and the greenish nap is made of threads, the disease in the growing season is nec-

each 01' “'hiCh bears many spores, as in essary. Cut out and burn the knots in

the cut. Later in the summer it is found summer.



that the. greenish pile disappears, and the





black knot, if examined closely, is found

to be covered with small round pustules.

Each little pustule is filled with sacs,

and these sacs contain spores—the so-

called winter Spores.



It may be asked why the horticulturist





Yet if he will remember that





is necessary to





these are the agents which spread the





that millions of them are produced in

‘ each knot—then the fruit grower will

realize their importance,





 





 





 





left in cold storage with the check. The

other box was placed inc a. basement





 





The summer spores are 'produced in

great abundance in early summer, while





 





of Wild plums and cherries is the

that of the cultivated

hence it is important thatgian thickets of





As will be shown in another article, it





spray plums or cherries





for brown rot, another serious disease of

stone fruits. This spraying seems to have

a very good effect in suppressing the pro-

duction of spores of both

recently been shown by the Connecticut

Experiment Station.

the Department of





kinds, as has





For this spraying

Horticulture of the





-. . Michigan Agricultural College advise a.

disease —that a Single spore put in a very dilute commercial lime and sulphur

favorable location will cause a. knot, and solution.





It is known that the black knot disease





same as

varieties, and





(Continued on page 453).
426 —2





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THE’MIC-HIG‘AN’FARMER‘





FARM NOTES.





 





The size of Ventilating Flues for Barn.





Please find enclosed a rough sketch or

drawings of ventilation of a barn. ‘ I do

not suppose this is the right way, or

better than the King system of ventila-

tion. Kindly advise me as to the best

way to install ventilators without much

expense. Is eight-inch galvanized pipe

large enough (four of such for a barn

36x60 ft)? Also advise whether inwardly

tilted windows will properly take in fresh

the windows to tilt in between two

joiSts which are boxed with matched

lumber, leaving opening 'in middle of





alley.

Allegan CO. J. K.





The size of the main ventilating flues

in the stable does not depend so much on

the size of the ’stable as the amount of

live stock which is to be housed in it.

In King's work on Ventilation the prin-

ciple is laid down that the aggregate

area of the cross sections of both the in-

take and outtake flues should not be less

than 30 square inches per head of horses

and cows housed in the stable, when the

outtake flue or flues are 30 feet high. If

the outtake flues are shorter the area.

should be greater. For instance, a 20-

foot Outtake would require about/36

square inches per head; if‘higher, the

area of a cross section of the outtake

might be proportionately less. For sheep

the required area of a cross section of

the outtake fines should be 15 square

inches, where the same is 20 feet high.

If 30 feet high, 12 square inches would be

sufficient, figured on the same proportion

as above given for different heights of the

outtake flues in the stable where horses

and cattle are housed. It will thus be

seen that four galvanized pipes eight

inches in diameter would not measure up

to this standard for the amount of stock

which would be housed in a 36x40-ft.

stable. It does not matter what matc-

rial is used for these flues so long as they

are practically air tight, but if galvanized

pipe is used the units should be much

larger than eight inches in diameter for

efficiency as well as economic installa—

tion.



An arrangement of the windows which

will tilt in with the sides boxed in as

suggested in this inquiry could be used

for the purpose of intakes, but would

need more attention, in the writcr’s opin-

ion, in order to maintain a rcasonuble

stable temperature, than would intake

flues installed in some other manner.

In a, number of modern barns we have

Seen the intake fiues installed in the win-

dow casings. This can be easily done

where double windows are used by in-

stalling the intake flues in the casings

between the two windows in the same

frame. Theoretically, the admission of

air by tilting the windows in within a

boxed framc, as suggested in this in-

quiry, would be just as good, but when

there is any amount of wind the sloping

Window would direct it upward and the

inflow of air would be materially in-

creased, thus lowering the temperature

of the stable. The details of installation

for a ventilating system are not essential

so long as the general principles essen-

tial to good ventilation are followed. and

the above formula of figuring the re-

quired area of ventilating space is the

most authentic availablc.





The Hessian Fly.





Last full one of my wheat fields, the

first field I sowed, was infested with a.

lot of little light green nits. Now these

same little eggs are the color of buck-

horn. Does this condition indicate disus-

ter to the coming crop? A full explana-

tion of the lieSsian fly and its workings

will be greatly appreciated.



St. Joseph Co. A. F. C.





The life history of the Hessian Fly is

described by Dr. Dondlinger, in “The

Book of ‘Vheatfl’ as follows:



“The adult Hessian fly is very fragile,

dark~c010red and about one-eighth of an

inch long. It is about half us large as

the mosquito, which it resembles. EVcn

when comparatively abundant it will es-

cape the notice of the ordinary observer.

It can be caught with a sweeping-net,

but is easily confused with other insects

taken at the same time. The fly seems

to be two-brooded in all parts of the

United States. In the north the broods

follow each other in quick succession.

while in the south they are widely sep-

arated. The egg of the int=ect is about

1—50 of an inch long. The newly hatched

larva or maggot is slightly smaller than

the egg. The fully developed

larger, and on account of its resemblance

to a seed of flax it is known as the flax-

seed. In fall wheat the. fly passes the

winter in the young plants, principally in

the .flaxseed stage, but also in the larval

Stage, not quite full grown. ’





is about, two inches high. The time yar-





ies from March in Georgia. to May in





larva is ,





The' files ,

emerge from the flaxseed when the Wheat.

'gree of acidity in the soil when clover





Michigan. Files from wintering larvae

appear later. The eggs are deposited in

the grooves on the upper surface of the

wheat leaves, from 100 to 300 by each fe-

male fly. They are difficult of perception

even by one who has good eyesight. In

a. few days the eggs hatch into a pinkish

larvae that soon turn greenish, and de-

scend to just above the roots, or, if the

wheat has jointed, to the base of the

particular leaves on which they were

hatched. Sucking the juices from the

growing wheat plant, these larvae attain

the flaxseed stage in about four weeks,

the time being dependent on the weath-

er. The prolonged southern summer

weather during which there is little food

for the larvae, is passed in the stubble

in the flaxseed stage. In Michigan the

fall brood appears about the last of Au-

gust, while in Georgia it appears about

three months later. The eggs are now

deposited on the young fall wheat, and

the life cyclé begins over again. In reg-

ions far north there may be only one

brood, and in the south there may be





supplemental broods, both in the spring

and fall, this being dependent on the

Weather. Drought prolongs the fiaxseed





stage.”



As is well known, the presence of this

larvae in the wheat stalk weakens it to

an extent which causes the infested stalk

to break down and “crinkle.” The im-

mediate effect of the infestation is to

stimulate the plant which exhibits a dark

green color, but later the infested stalk

turns to a brownish or yellowish color.

The extent of the damage can not be

foretold for the reason that it depends

very much upon the extent to which the

plants have tillered or stooled out, as

sometimes many of these stalks in a.





stool of wheat will not be infested and

will form the basis of a fair crop. While

this pest is never entirely absent, it has





a number of natural enemies which keep

it in subjection. Where wheat is so bad-

ly infested as to indicate that the crop

will be ruined, the best plan is to plow

it down and plant to a spring crop, when

such indication is manifested. Other—

wise the stubble should be plowed down

as: soon as possible after harvesting in

order to destroy the larvae which have

not yet reached the matured stage. in

case the wheat is not seeded to clover.

Otherwise wheat should not be seeded

too early the following fall.





Amount of Rape to Sow.



How much rape per acre should I sow

in rye this spring, the rape to be used

for sheep paSture? “'ould it be all right

to sow alfalfa this spring where seeding

of clover is killed in spots? Soil is sand.

Sowed some alfalfa in buckwheat last

summer to inoculate the soil.



Vi'aShtenaw Co. F. C.



When rape is sown in oats in the spring

to make pasture after the grain crop is

cut. the customary amount of seed to

use is about four pounds per acre. \‘i'here

sown in rye, however, it should not be

cxpected thut as good results will be se-

cured from the standpoint of summer for-

age as the seed bed would not be as

suitable. The writer has never seen this

Scheme tried, but would think that not

much, if any, more than four or five

pounds per acre should be used.





Sowing Alfalfa where Clover is Klilled.

Alfalfa might succeed if sown on the

field Where. the seeding of clover has been

partially killed. but in the writer’s opin-

ion it would be better to fit the field

well, even at a sacrifice of the clover

left, if it is to be sowu to alfalfa, since

the prospect of securing a stand would

certainly be no better than the; secured

with u clover seeding in the same man-

ner. “’hile attempts to patch up a clover

seeding in this way are sometimes suc-

cessful. they are not uniformly so.





lndlcations of an Acid Soil.



How can one tell if land is sour? TVe

have a field on which sheep sorrel is

growing. Is this an indication of soured

land? Have heard of lime being used to

remedy this condition. If good, what

kind of lime; also proportion?



Isabella Co. C. B.



The presence of certain plants such as

sorrel on the soil is in a way an indi-

cation of an acid soil because plants of

this character find a more congenial home

in an acid soil. However, simply re-

moving the condition of acidity will not

entirely eradicate these plants when the

seed is present in the soil. A better in-

dication of whether a soil needs lime or

not is the readiness with which a good

stand of clover can be secured upon it.

Where this is not the case it is an incl-





cation that the bacteria peculiar to the





clover plant are- not plentiful in the. soil,





'and as an alkaline soil is the most con-





genial home fer these bacteria it is an

indication that there is no marked de-





plants thrive upon the land. Where it





APRIL 6. 1,915.05." " 5..





does not, one maywen suspect that the

soil needs lime, when it may be supplied.

in the form which will supply the needed

calcium at the smalleSt cost.‘ From one-

half ton to one ton of caustic lime or

twice that amount of ground limestone

should be applied and thoroughly incor-

porated with the soil.

Seeding Clover with a Drill.





In answering a query in your issue of

March 8, you say if clover seed is sown

with a. hoe" drill, a hard rain may kill

the young plants before they get well

started, but that this would not occur if

a disc drill is used. I can not see the

difference in conditions. Will you kindly





explain?



Ionia Co. . W. H. W.



The difference between the' action of a

disk drill and a. hoe drill when used for

sowing clover seed is that the disk drill

does not open as large a furrow and the

dirt falls back, leaving much less of a,

depression than is the case where a hoe

drill is used upon the comparatively hard

soil in the grain fields. Thus there is

not so much danger of the small plants

being covered by heavy rains washing the-

dirt in the furrow when they have first

come up, which is sometimes the cause

of the loss of a clover seeding when sown

with a hoe drill, depending,

upon the weather conditions at the time.





The Best Time to Sow Clover.





When is the best time to do the clover

and timothy seeding on fall grain? What

do you think of the idea of waiting until

May, then sow on the sod and drag it in

for a covering?



Lapeer Co. M. A. C.





The larger number of farmers still ad-

here to the practice of sowing clover'

early in the spring when the frost is

going out of the ground and the surface

exhibts the peculiar honeycombed con-

diton which is favorable for the covering

of the seed without other mechanical

agency. On light soil, and soil rather

devoid of vegetable matter or humus, it

is doubtless better to sow the seed at a.

later date and barrow it in or sow with

a drill. Or if the favorable time for sow-

ing without the mechanical covering of

the seed is allowed to pass on any kind

of soil, then it is better to make sure

that it is covered. This work should,

however, be done as early in the spring

as the soil is in proper condition.





Seeding Sweet Clover.



l have a piece of ground sown to rye

last fall which I want to seed to sweet

clover. Can I seed this in the rye the

same as any other kind of clover? Iwant

to plow this under next spring for late

potatoes. \Yill it get big enough to do

any good? ‘ '



Fulton Co. E. T.



The seeding of sweet clover must be

considered more or less as an experiment

on Michigan soils. TVe know that sweet

clover is a very persistent grower upon

almost any soil when it becomes estab-

lished. but this does not necessarily mean

that it would be successfully seeded in

a majority of cases if SOer in grain as

we sow clover. We know that alfalfa is

a very persistent grower once it is estab-

lished, but to many growers it has prov-

en difficult to get a stand of it. We have,

however, learned» more about growing al-

falfa in recent years and success with

‘this plant is more uniform than formerly.

The same nitrifying bacteria is said to

find a host in both plantS, and unless this

bacteria is present in the soil one might

not have the best results in getting a.

stand of this plant. If it is present in

the soil, however. it is the writer's opin-

ion that it could be sown with reasonable

assurance of getting a good stand. Sweet

clover is a biennial, seeding the second

year of its growth. hence if sown this

spring it should reach a stage of growth

before it would be necessary to plow it

down for potatoes next year, which would

insure the addition of a. large amount of

vegetable matter to the soil.





Wlnter Rye for Summer Pasture.





Will need more pasture after harvest

for horses and cattle. Have one field

that could be sown to something for

that purpose. How would winter rye do?

The soil is heavy, with clay near the

surface, was in corn last year. Could

not rye be pastured in the late summer

months and early fall, then left for a.

crop next year?



Berrien C0. S. M.





Winter rye does not make a very luxu-

rious growth when sown in the spring.

It grows well at the start but as soon

as the hot weather comes growth stops.

With the advent of the hot dry weather

it seems to remain practically dormant.

The writer has never seen it left over

for a. grain crop the following year, and

cannot say whether the rye, would make

a. good growth in the fall after it had

passed a practically dormant period dur-

ing the summer or not. Peas and cats,

or even millet, would make a better.

spring sown crop for pasture than wlnr

ter’ rye. ' ’ '





of course.’ '





 





... a... .. ..‘
, cultivated ground, and instead of work-





' ' APRIL 5, «1913.





progresses the conviction increases that

there are some kinds of heedlessness that

I have three acres of sandy and grav- well-nigh approach genuine cussedness.





elly soil on which I plowed under a heavy . _

growth of clover last fall for potatoes If these were only exceptional in

this spring, to be followed by wheat in stances they would not be worth men-





Which I will seed the ground to. clover tioning, but, unfortunately, they are only

next spring' Please give meda painter in samples of what one may expect who

regill‘gqgg fggtillzmg this lan . E. P. employs help. The philosophical way is



Of course, a good clover sod is a good to expect them—along with‘ other disa-

Dlace for potatoes. Most People would greeable things. Such as bad weather or

think that it would not be necessary to InOSthoes—but while some things are

use any kind of fertilizer on a good clo- una.v0idable there fire many of these

ver sod and yet, if you don’t get over 100 heedless and irritatingthings that might

or 150 bushels of potatoes it is not be aVOIded bYJ‘ust a little thought. And

enough, and fertilizer will increase the 1‘1er men Who are thus heedleSs would

yield. Now the question is, how much do We“ to remember that thoughtfulness





fertilizer can you afford to use if you counts as well as muscle in one’s value,

increase the yield to 250 bushels per acre? and every SUCh loss 01‘ expense that one

If there is anything like a decent price causes by heedlessness or inattention de-

and one could increase the yield of pota- tracts just that much from his monthly

toes 100 bushels to the acre he can cer- worth. ' .

tainly afford to use a good liberal dress- I have sometimes thought that a set

ing of fertilizer on the potatoes. 1 sug- Of rules 1’05“?“ where they might be

geSt that you use 500 pounds of good readily seen mlght be a 300d thmg about

potato fertilizer per acre, one analyzing the place, wording them perhaps so that

2-8-10 would be about right. The best ”my might be eeSIIY 0bser_ved- The:r

way to apply this fertilizer is with the would read something like thls‘

potato planter at the time of planting the Rules Easy to Observe.

potatoes. I would use 300 pounds per 1- Never return a t001 to its place;

acre at the time of planting. The planter leave it wherever you chance to drop it.

will distribute the fertilizer in the row If you take a tool to the field. leave it

with the potatoes and yet it will mix it there; it will be a 300d .‘iORe 0n the next

in with the soil So that it does not come fellow ‘0 have to hunt for it.



in contact with the seed. Now after the 2- Leave everything about the build-

potatoes are 'just pricking through the ings in the middle 0f the floors. never set

ground' is the best time to put on the anything back against the wall, Things

rest of the fertilizer. You can use your will be handicst to get if left in the door-

potato planter here again and distribute way.



the other 200 pounds by straddling the 3- Always leave the wagon boxes or

row with your potato planter and letting racks 01‘ dump planks in the middle of

it drop on either side of the row and then the yard; never DUt them baCk to one

covering it up with the disks on the po_ side. Never put the tools or wagons un-

tato planter. This will also cover up the der the sheds.



potatoes that are coming up and will 4- Leave pieces 0f boards 01‘ other ht-

also cover up all the weeds and they will ter wherever YOU happen to drop them.

not come up again, while the potatoes Such material adds variety to the scen-

will. In this way the fertilizer is all ery.



mixed with the soil, it is right where the 5' If you break any 0f the IOOIS throw

potatoes will get a chance at it, and it the pieces away; no matter about the

usually produces very profitable results. possibility 0f repairs.



There is little danger in over-fertilizing 6- If you break your harness take a

the potato crop. Of course, if you haven’t piece off from one of the other harnesses.

got a potato planter with a. fertilizer at- Let the other fellow hunt when he wants





tachment this work can be done by hand. to use his harness. The spare harness is

COLON C LILLIE. not in use just now and can be cut in





pieces if you chance to want a strap.

This rule applies to tools as well.

7. Clip the horses’ manes and tails as





Th "f l 1 bl H _ t you may wish. No matter what others‘

e arm w p pro em IS no en- tastes are in these matters.





Erie”; solved wilenTtrhe‘helpblls 1,1,”,edlind 8. Take 20 to 30 minutes of the em—

labt egun W01 t th e Ihmthem ‘5 l 6:; ployer’s time morning and noon before

,3 0 e presen roug e year, an going to work. A nickel or dime of his

it comes up in ways that strain ones .



t' 1 d l‘ 1 . money Will never be missed.

ha ‘ence emf} exp“; “SfaEguafie‘ It“? This list might be extended to cover

limes, as Tlm' ma er (3 hfcuring cap a number of other dcprcdations that are

(OBS not. m}? are no ou_ many rea ' done and may be expected, and it is well

ers of the Michigan Farmer who work . . .



t f d f Q (r t' q , to put them in this form as any, for rules

1311 dog ‘ar‘rrhs la'nd a qe\:hougges Ivohn‘t’ tlll- will never restrain some men, and others

fen e ‘m ‘1 (m “isf 1st ovnngbu a me will see the irony ill this form and will

)irngers age uph agjin. ,.0m€.li3t :3 811m” more probably observe them, while put-

] la e, 'an( pcr aps app! W a ec- . y ting thcm in this way will not give of-

to obtain as good help as there is gomt,r fense

and think that as a rule, I have men who '



_ , A field of helpfulness that the new



are above the average in efficiency and . .

. . . county adv1sers might take up. along

intelllgence; still, even among these there . . . .



, , , with their other work in counties where

are things coming lip—things that should . .



. . . . . such are employed, would be helping

seemingly be aVOided Without glVing the f'lrmers and help to get togetherha sort

matter thought—that are annoying and ‘ ‘ ’





. . of employment bureau. They might at

frequently expenswe. A few instances . .

. . the same time add materially t0 the re-

lnay illustrate this matter. '





liability of the help by finding places



Last spring a tile drain was found clog- only for men of character, offering no op-

ged, and as there was no time just then portunities for employment to drunks and

to hunt up the tile and clean it out, a toughs or to any who could not furnish

Surface drain was dug to let the water satisfactory credentials as to character.

off until such time as the tile could be Allegan Co. EDWARD HUTCHIN5_

opened. As this open drain was through ____________





CORN AFTER SUGAR BEETS.





FERTILIZER FOR POTATOES.





 





THE “AVERAGE” HIRED MAN.





 





ing along side of it the same man who

helped dig it ran the harrow right across

it and filled it up. He might have thought , W111 you tell me “jhat your experience

that shoveling mud out of a ditch was if inflregard to .lelllllllg corn after sugar

eets. The sod is rather heavy clay.

a mere pastime—but the probabilities are with some black soil; beets went 12 tons

that he set up no action at all in his 01‘ over DGI‘ acre.

think-tank, one would hardly want to Ealoh CO' w. D- A-

credit the act to pure cussedness. An- It is hOt a good plan to plant 001‘“

other similar instance, only worse, was after sugar beets- It doeSn’t ‘30 “'9“-

in the outlet to a. large drain which had There is no question about this. It has

become clogged, and it was found that been tried time and time again, and corn

Some brush from a. near—by orchard had never does as well after sugar beets as

been dumped over the mouth of the drain. it does after other crops. The only 93“

The finer brush had been burned but the planation that can be given is that the

coarser limbs had settled down .into the beets leave some residue in the soil which

drain and the wash had “m in, com- is not favorable for the growth of corn.

pletely filling it, and a straight half—day I have tried this twice and corn did not.

was required to dig the meSS out to find do well. I I‘emember diStihclly one year

the tile so that it could be opened. There where I had had beets On one side of the

was plenty of room all around where the field the year before and other crops on

'brush might have been dumped and the balance 0f the field- Next year I

where it would have burned, but, of planted the whole field to corn. Now in

course, there was no other place that 3p- other respects the land had been used

pealed quite so strongly to a heedless the same, but where the corn was plant-

nature. Now, it is neither pleasant nor ed on the sugar beet land it did not do

creditable to “knock,” but let a man well. On the other portion of the field

work a half—day in the mud and water it did much better. It would be much

digging out a mess of tangled limbs and better to put this field in oats than into

wild grass at a time when every half- corn. Beans do fairly well after sugar

day’s work costs money, and as the york beets. COLON c, LILLIE.





iTHE MICHIGAN FARMER





3—427





 





 





 





Broadm'm



Poultry Ranch.



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266 ft. long, amend with I7~M

Asbestor Roe/in: and Arbuton‘de





It’s false economy to put



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Is it any wonder that this stone roofing is not affected by rain, heat, cold, salt air.

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Your dealer sells J-M Asbestos Roofing—if not, order from our nearest branch.



Write for sample of the curious Asbestos Rock from which this Roofing is made

and our Book No. 2740





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MANUFACTURERS OF ASBESTOS AND "‘°' ASBESTOS Roormcs. PACKiNGs:

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2:37le

SOIL ANALYSIS—FREE!





TO USERS OF OUR FERTILIZERS

IN 01110. INDIANA and MICHIGAN





Write for our “Soil Chart”——it tells you

What to do.





. Dealers wanted—those interested in solv-

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THE OHIO” STANDARD CHEMICAL CO.





(Soil Dept.) TOLEDO. OHIO.





   

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





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r H E M I c H'I'G Ana. 19‘ Ali M E R





 

 





What Three . Bushels More to the





Acre Means





EIGHT years ago the farmers in a central state

averaged crops that ran three bushels less to the acre





than they now get.





Suppose each acre of farm land in the country were so tended that





it produced an increase equal to that of this state.





How much more





money would you have with which to buy the luxuries of life that you





earn and deserve? Your share in this prosperit

yourself.

erly with manure spread by an





I H C {Manure Spreader





depends entirely upon

The first step for you to take is to ertilize your land prop-





Manure cannot be spread as it should be unless a machine is used.

An I H C spreader covers the ground with an even coat, li ht or heavy





as may be needed, and pulverized so that the plant ice

the manure combine with the soil to the best advantage.





elements in





The spreader that does this work as it should be done must have





many excellent mechanical features.





The apron should move without





jerking; the beater should meet the load at exactly the right point to

pulverize the manure Without too greatly increasing the draft of the

machine; the speed changes of the apron should be positive whether





the spreader is going up hill or down.

for in the construction of I H C Spreaders.





All these features are provided





_I H C Spreaders are made in high and low styles, narrow and wide,

With both reverse and endless aprons, for use under all conditions.

There are machines with wood and with steel frames as may be do.





manded by local conditions.





or write





International Harwester Company of America

Incorporated

, U S A





The I H C local dealer carries in stock the machines best suited

to your locality. See him for catalogues and full information,





   

 





 





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BAY CITY. MICHIGAN





 





 





 





 





 





It





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Ill/VW/





 





 





MAKE A GERMINATION TEST OF

YOUR SEED OATS.





4





 





I wish to call your attention to the

condition of the seed oats this spring.

On account of the wet weather last har-

vest, many fields of oats were badly dis-

colored, and molded in the shock or heat-

ed in the bin: I have made quite a few

germination tests of oats sent in from

different sections of the state, and find

that the oats are quite generally of poor

germinating quality. It would be well,

I think, for you to call your readers’ at-

tention to this condition and urge that

no oats be seeded this spring without

germination tests, as otherwise I fear

that many fields will be seeded with cats

of poor germinating quality and result

in a very poor stand, and failure of crop.



Mich. Ag. Col. V. M. SHOESMITH.





COWPEAS AND SOY BEANS.





 





There are a great many farmers who

haVe soil that is so poor infertility that

a catch of clover is impossible. Some

time ago we purchased a farm on which

were about ten acres of this kind of soil.

We experimented by sowing two acres

to soy beans and the rest of the field to

cowpeas. The soil was prepared. about

the same as for corn. The seed bed was

made compact, thus putting the soil in

a better condition to hold the moisture

during the summer. >



The W'hippoorwill variety of cowpeas

was sown with a disc drill the middle of

June. About four acres were SOWn with

the drill set for sowing oats. If set to

sow about two and one-half bushels of





, Oats the drill will sow the proper amount





of either soy beans or cowpeas, which is

one bushel per acre.



On another four acres in the same field

the seed was sown in rows 24 inches

apart and about three inches apart in

the row. By sowing in this manner we

were able to cultivate three or four times

during the summer and the plants did

not at any time suffer from the want of

moisture.



About two acres were sown to soy

beans, in rows 24 inches apart. This par-

ticular crop has been recommended by a

great many farmers as a great soil im-

proving and forage crop. It no doubt is

a soil improvcr if plowed under. “'9

found very few nodules on the roots of

the plants. The soil very likely needed

inoculation. in which case more nodules





 





 





would have been present. The plants

grew three or four feet high and looked

healthy and vigorous.



For :1 forage crop the soy bean is not

equal to the cowpea. The leaves and

stems contained a fine fuzz that was

rather undesirable, while the cowpeas

were not so woody and dusty. '



The cowpeas SOWn with all the drill

holes Open were cut with a mower for

hay. The hay was relished very much

by both horses and cattle. The greatest

drawback to this kind of hay is the cur-

ing. I‘nless there is exceptionally good

weather, which is usually not the case in

the fall, it is rather difficult to get the

hay dry enough. The stalks were large

and contained a great many pods that

were green and full of water. Some of

these pods did not get thoroughly dry

and consequently became molded.



The harvesting of cowpeas or seed

seems to be a difficult problem to a great

many farmers. Most of them use the

ordinary mower and do not get all of the

seed. The plant is usually lying flat on

the ground and in mowing a great many

of the pods are cut in two, thus decreas-

ing the yield per acre quite materially.

We harvested the cowpeas for seed which

were planted in rows, with a bean har—

vester or cutter. It is a two—horse cul-

tivator-like machine with two knives in

place of the shovels, which cut the stalk

ofl just underneath the ground. Outside

of the knives in front are rolling colters

to cut off the vines to prevent them

dragging and clogging the machine. Just

above the" knives are two or more rods

which threw the vines into a fair-sized

windrow where they may be allowed to

partially cure. One day in the windrow

is usually sufficient. The peas should

then be placed in shocks and allowed to

thoroughly cure. If the weather is fav-

orable three or four days of good drying

weather will usually curs: them suffi-

ciently so that they can be mowed away

or stacked. By this method of harvest-

ing we eliminate the shattering caused

by mowing.



We found that a stand of cowpeas is





‘ more certain than a stand of soy beans.





Where the soil was heavily crusted the

soy beans failed to come up well. while

the cowpeas, being a. more vigorous





 





APRIL 5. 19132.





grower, zeasily push their way- out '0!





heavily crusted soil.



We believe the cowpeas are, better

adapted for hay than the soy beans. The

leaves of the soy bean seem to drop

quickly as the crop approaches maturity.

thus causing a loss of a large proportion

of the leaves. The leaves of the chpea

do not drop but remain green and grow-

ing after many of the pods are ripe and

drop.

Come a. little too mature, not only is

there a loss of. leaves in curing, but the

stems become hard and woody and less,

palatable to stock. We also found that

the cowpeas sown in rows were more

thrifty, greener in color, had larger Stalks

and leaves and contained a great many

more pods than those sown in drills. The

yield per acre was greater and the qual-

ity of seed better than where broadcasted

or drilled. -



Indiana. J. C. KLINE.

FERTILIZER FOR OAT HAY AND



CLOVER.





I have a field of clay loam, which has

been in corn for two years. I wish to

seed it into oats as hay and clover.





.f‘ ,1.‘





If the soy bean is allowed to be- '





Having no stable manure, what kind and ‘





how much of the best commercial fer-‘





tilizer would be necessary per acre to

insure a good stand .of clover? '

Lenawee Co. A. T. S.





On rich ground or well fertilizer ground,

one could expect a fairly good crop of





oat hay, and then, by taking the cats off:





early for the hay get a cutting of clover

later in the season.

these depends largely upon the available

plant food in the soil. If the ground is

rich you can expect a good crop of each:

On the other hand. if the ground is poor

you will get a poor crop of both.





The crop of each of:





There- L

fore I believe it will pay to use a good 5





liberal dressing of commercial fertilizer, ~

and I would use a complete fertilizer,‘





getting a small amount of nitrogen to

give the oats and also the clover a start.





Then, as this is seeded to clover it will .





remain another year undoubtedly with

clover and I w0uld have the fertilizer

rich in phosphoric acid and potash be-

cause the clover plant especially is a.

gross feeder of these mineral elements.

I should think a fertilizer containing one

per cent of nitrogen. eight per cent of

phosphoric acid, and four or five per cent

of potash would be as good a dressing as

one could ‘use in

under the circumstasces both crops are





intended for hay, I would use 400 or 500:





this instance, and as.





pounds per acre when I seeded the cats,

and the clover, and then, as stated aboVe, ?





I believe one could expect to get a good



crop of cats for hay and. perhaps, later



in the season, a cutting of clover hay.

Co'LON C. LILLIE.





AN IMPORTANT FACTOR

ROADS.





IN GOOD





 





It has often been said by road experts

that the first essential in making a good

road is to get rid of the' water. In other

words, that good drainage is the first es-

sential to good roads. If this is true of

roads in general it is particularly true

of roads on low level lands, crossways, or

in any place where the water is inclined

to stand upon one side of the road and

seep through the roadbed.



.It is to relieve such conditions as this

that culverts are installed, but how often

in a season like the present when rains

are frequent and there is much surface

water to carry off we find these culverts

are not working well or have been en-

tirely stopped up. Or perhaps we find

small wooden bridges with big bumps

on each side which form a nuisance to be

encountered by every passing vehicle. In

places these old culverts and small

bridges are being replaced by good con-

crete structures. Where the work is

well done these are satisfactory in use,

but they are too expensive in many lo-

cations where small culverts are needed.

Here common tile have been used with

poor satisfaction and met-.11 culverts of

various types have been tried out. These

are satisfactory if of good material. That

is, if the iron from which they are made

is comparatively free from impurities,

such as ingot iron which is manufactured

by the “open hearth” process, and does

not corrode as readily as iron which con-

tains many impurities. Cast iron is a

good material but”more expensive.



This is a. question which may well be

given thought and investigation by high-

way officers throughout the state, and

especially in the level sections, or in

places where natural drainage is not af-

forded, to the end that this factor in the

making of gOOd roads may not be wholly

neglected.





I-Vayne Co. =. C. T. H. B.





/





 





 

 





 





 





 





l





+





, »





 





I



I

,‘

ii

1.





hi‘
* V Li.» \





 





 





 





 





 





 





APRIL 5, 1913.





 





THE MICHI





:’__IIII|III||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIllI|IIIlIIIIIIIIIIl|lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIlI|IIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIILL‘EI I





Poultry and Bees.





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII-





 





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NON-ABSORPTION OF THE YOLK BY

CHI'CKSL





 





This trouble, next tothe deadly white

diarrhea, takes away more chicks than

any other. I have made a good many

postmortem examinations of chicks that

died seemingly without cause, between

the ages ‘of two and three weeks, and in

the majority of instances have found that

death was due to blood poisoning caused

by non-absorption of the yolk. Chicks

thus affected grow well the first week or

ten days, but after that they rapidly

grow weaker each day. Bowel trouble

sometimes makes its appearance during

the later stages, yet in a good many

cases no signs of bowel trouble are to

be noticed at all.



A chick, just before emerging from the

shell, absorbs the yolk of the egg into its

abdomen. Nature provides the chick

thus with maintenance for. the first few

days, during which time it is too weak to

seek its own food. XVhen chicks are

brooded naturally and hovered by a hen,

the hen does not allow them to eat much

of anything the first few days. She ’eats

it herself, .if anything is placed before

the chicks, and people who do not under-

stand her think she eats so much be-

cause of her long fast while sitting. But

this is not true by any means. This is

one reason chicks brooded by a hen gen-

erally do better the first few days than

artificially brooded chicks. I have never

found a hen—brooded chick that died of

nOn-absorption of the yolk.





Non-absorption of the yolk is caused

by chilling Or overheating the chick dur-

ing the first few days; by too high tem-

perature during incubation, or by too

early feeding of hard, not easily digested

foods.



Use the greatest precaution not to ov-

erheat eggs during incubation; a too high

temperature bakes the yolk and thus

makes it indigestible. Do not allow the

temperature. at any time, to run above

100 degs. Especially at hatching time in

warm weather great care is needed to

prevent the temperature from running

too high. This is one reason this trouble

is more prevalent during warm weather.

Sometimes, in order to keep the tempera-

ture down when chicks are coming out in

warm weather, it is necessary to put out

the lamp entirely, the heat from the new-

born chicks being enough to keep the

temperature between 104 and 105 degs.





A chilled chick is certain to have diffi-

culty in absorbing the yolk. By this is

meant that the chick must not be allow-

ed to get cold during the first two weeks.

Right here is where many of the well

constructed incubators are badly at fault,

especially those having deep nurseries.

Before allowing any of your chicks to

drop into the nursery of the incubator,

if your machine has one, make certain

that the temperature is correct. This

can only be done by placing a thermom-

eter in the nursery and taking its read-

ings for an entire day. You will be sur-

prised to find that the nurseries in some

of our most reliable incubators are too

cold. If the difference is too great do

not allow the chicks to use the nursery

at all but keep them On the egg tray; if

the difference is slight, it may be rem-

edied by not allowing the chicks to drop

into the nursery until about one-half of

them are hatched. The heat from that

number of chicks will bring the tempera—

ture up a little. The nursery should have

a temperature of at least 05 degs. or

higher, up to 100 degs.



The same precautions should be employ-

ed in moving the chicks, and in deter-

mining the temperature of the brooder.

The brooder should at all times be warm

enough to prevent huddling; a tempera—

ture between 95 and 100 degs. is about

correct for the first week; after that, 90

to 95 degs. is high encugh. In moving

the chicks use a warmed, covered bas-

ket, and do it as quickly as possible.



Overheating during the first few days

in a brooder is almost as bad as chilling;

at any rate it has about the same effect

upon the chick, causing the yolk to

coagulate and thus making it indigesti-

ble. If the brooder is so constructed that

the chicks can get away from the heat,

overheating is not very apt to occur. The

brooder temperature should not be al-

lowed to go above 100 degs. at any time.





Too early feeding after hatching is per-





haps the most' common cause of nOn-ab- ,





 





sorption of the yolk. I never feed chicks

anything until they are at least 48 hours

old and, if they do not appear very hun-

gry and lively then, I wait another 12 to

24 hourS. The yolk supplies the chick

with all necessary nourishment for the

first few days; if any nourishment is giv-

en they will use that instead, causing the

unabsorbed yolk to remain, harden and

finally cause blood poisoning and death.

Feeding to much the first few days has

the same effect as too early feeding. In

this case the yolk is partly absorbed when

the overfeeding causes the demand for

its absorption to cease. That remaining

either stays in its semi-liquid state, or

hardens, causing blood poisoning—and in-

digestion, with death following soon af-

ter. Therefore, do not feed your chicks

before they are at least two days old;

feed little at a time, and often, of 'easily

digested food. Manage to have the tem-

perature neither too low nor too high

both before and after hatching.



The yolk, comprising almost the 'entire

yellow part of the egg, after being ab-

sorbed, does not have to pass through

the digestive system of the chick, it being

connected with the intestines directly by

a small duct. Anything which hinders

its natural absorption is sure to cause

trouble, either stunting the chick or kill-

ing it. A chick properly fed and cared

for under natural conditions has com-

pletely absorbed this, yolk by the end\of

ten days. If any portion of it is still

evident in the chick at the age of two

weeks, its absorption has surely been

hindered and the chick is sure to be

stunted. This yolk can easily be felt,

and the practiced eye discerns evidence

of it in the protruding abdomen. The

size varies all the way from the full-

sized yolk down to a pea. As yet no way

has been found of renewing the absorp-

tion process when once it has been stop-

ped. The only way out of the trouble

here, as is the case with most chick dis-

eases, is through the avenue of preven-

tion.





New York. F. W. KAZMEIER.





 





NORTHERN MICHIGAN BEE-KEEP-

ERS MEET.



The Northern Michigan branch of the

National Bee-keepers’ Association held

its annual meeting at Traverse City, on

March 19—20, and much interest was tak-

en in the practical talks, the papers and

discussions. The fruit growers of that

section are becoming interested in bees

and several instances were given where

the yield of fruit had been doubled be-

cause of bees being in the neighborhood.

A grower in Antrim county received

$1,600 net returns from his apples, while

other growers in that section got only

meager returns, the result being directly

credited to the pollen-carrying bees.



There was marketed last year from

Antrim, Emmet, Charlevoix. Cheboygan,

Kalkaska and Grand Traverse_counties

over 1,000,000 lbs. of honey of which there

is actual record. Since a number of bee-

keepers are not in the association it is

certain that there are thousands of

pounds of which no record has been made.

Bees of northern Michigan get their hon-

ey largely from flowers of the raspberry

bushes, from clover, from the bloom of

the milkw‘eed plant and from basswood.



Co-operation in marketing the product

is at present receiving much attention

from bee-keepers, as it is from fruit

growers and others, and many of the

bee men present favored sending their

product to a central station, there to be

graded, packed and sold. In the evening

an illustrated lecture was given by R. H.

Elsworth, of the “Testern Michigan De-

velopment Bureau, showing some of the

leading fruit orchards of that section,

also the apiaries of Mr. Kirkpatrick, of

Kalkaska county, and Mr. Bartlett, of

Charlevoix county.



There was a fine exhibit of honey and

the leading prize winners Were as fol-

lOWs: First and second on extracted hon-

ey, E. E. Covcyou, Emmet county; first

on candied honey, wax and best comb

honey, Ira D. Bartlett, Charlevoix county.



Petoskey was chosen as themeeting

place for next year and ofiicers were

elected as follows: President, C. F.

Smith, Cheboygan; vice-president, E. E.

Coveyou, Petoskey; secretary and treas-

urer, Ira D. Bartlett, East Jordan.



Kent 00. 'A. GRIFFIN“.





 





   





GAN FARMER





   

 





140-280

Ironclad

Incubator

Don t club this

his. nil metal cov-

. depondnbio





CALVIN/250W ‘



INSMATID 8W2



REDWOOD



£B€STOS



- “l‘

Guonntoo

‘”“’1¥.‘3.$°3I‘.‘2I 63.1.1221:

ronclad opccigcnflonili. .



wn'llo mum-mfiing, “Watt-“Eon ‘6.





ermomotor gin-Ila door

{ugh oxplninod In

Aeor‘ ordirdlrcct from thin-d!





 





ready for use

incubator that. has for two years in succession

(1911 and 1912) won in the fronted: hatching con-

tents ever held. In the





freiqht Paid/

tie East of Rockies

:uimbog‘gng‘ry to hontdcoppcr tonko and . \





mgungon co Box 65 IIaeIne mu.





 





5—429





 





Why take chances with untried machines when



- or only 310 we guarantee to deliver safely, all frei ht

charges paid (East. of Rockies) BOTH of these I;

DI'ISO Winni ngw machines fully equip ed. set up





hy not; own an Ironc ad—the only





912 contest. conducted by

iscouri Valley Farmer and Nebraska Farm Jour-





1131.211) machines were entered including practi-

colly everlydmtch::.style and price. ith 140

c





no. ill-f c. "H: wen"





I43 chicko from M148 e;- In 19

30 Days‘ free trial W‘fifa‘h ‘f





 





 





 





 

 

 





in quick growth and early maturity. Rush





 





 





 





of. feed consumed. 25c, 50c, 51.





25- lb. Pull

Your money back if it fails. ”





Philadelphia





   





11g Chicks i311”!





They must be furnished with the rl ht. kind of

to make satisfactory growth of muscles, bone and 1233151ng I if they are





th .

able size and turn them into cash before pricegizgfiockerels to market





completely developed and ready to all the nests with fall and winter





pig/“2 Baby Chick Food





contains just the necessary ingredients to ive them duI-i the fl

weeks the best possible start, at. a. cost. or 1% per chick. Iml) rat three

25c, 50:. 531 up. After the third week





pr/ Poultry Regulator





in the ration to aid digestion and make the greatest gain for every pound





Our products are sold by dealers everywhere, or





PRATT FOOD COMPANY

Chicago





   





Profit; lies





   

   

 





Get the pullets





   

   

 





axes and bags.





 





 

 





$2.5





   

   

   

 

 





 





BEE SUPPLIES





nd your name for free catalo





8. J. GRIOGS 5: C0.. 28 N. Erie StuToiedo. 0.





140 Chicks from :40 Eggs





This World's Championship Record is not

uncommon with users of my Boll. City incu-

bator. Many are doing this right along. The

United States governmentis one of my 201, 840

Bollo City users. Make Sure oi Succooo

by using my proof- ducked Boll. Clty.

Write me for all of the proofs or order direct

from this ad. Thousands oi others do.



Jim Rohan, Pres. Belle City Incubator Company.





_ .‘s .55 Still Buys





World's Champion





”0- Egg Incubator





Double cases all over;

bestcopper tank; nursery self reg-

ulating. Best 140- chick hot-water

broader, $4.85. Ordered together,

$11.50. FreightPnldE (E or Bookie!)

No machinesn

any price are jf‘, ,



Satisfaction guaranteed. " ”





 





 

 

     

 





 





better.

Write for book today or send price ,

now and save time. Jim Rohan, Pres. ;





Bull. eliylnculnior Go..Box qutclna,





 





 





.t-l





 





ARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS—Write us for prices

on stock or e 3 Also Yorkshire Swine.

OSTRANDER RTROS, Morley. Michigan.





CRYSTAL WHITE ORPlNGTON





,four grand pent-I, send for Mating list, MRS.

WLLISIB HOUGH, Pine Crest. Farm, Royal Oak, Mich.





EGGS BARRED ROCK ‘Sifiiaigg‘iei’filtg‘ii





W. 0. OOFFMAN, R. No. 6, Benton Harbor, ich.





I

bred to lay. Eggs

F. gaday Barred Rocks, no... mo... Mm,

$1. per 15. Eggaday Poultry Ranch, Marshall, Mich.





 





 





OF. SALE" -Eggs from prize “inning R. C R. l. Reds, $1. 50 per 15,

Eggs from at Ind llfl hrcd fIIwn Sc white ind. Runner Ducks.

whiteeggs stium. $1. .0 per 13. Coy G. Brumm, Nashville, Mich.





8. c. B. Mlnorca Dockerels and P. 0. Fall Pigs.





Satisfaction guaranteed, R. W. Mills, Saline, Mich.





' ‘ ' Barred Rock. R. I. Reds, Mam-

Pr1ze Winning moth Pekin and I. Runner ducks.

StMock (oracle. Eggs $1. $2, 33. per set. Utility$5per 100.



WOOD FARM, R. R. No. 13, Grand Rapids, Mich





Pure Bred Partridge Wyandolia Eggs—3% 33,221.13:

.0. FREEMAN. 19 Oak St“, Ypsilanti, Michigan.





CIOLUMBIA Wy.a.ndott.ea Winners at. Chicago, Grand

Rapids, South Bend and St. Jose 11. Stock and eggs,





 





 





 





 





 





RICHARD SAWYER, Benton





AK KNOLL POULTRY—Silver and Partridge

Wyandottes and Ind. Runner Ducks. Eggs for

sale. E. H. &J. A COLLAR, Coopersville, Michigan.





LYMOTH ROCK EGGS FOR SALE. Good winter

layers 15 for one dollar, 50 for tuo dollars.

MR 8. ARTHI R L. GREEN, Goodrich, Michigan.





arbor, Michigan





 





 





 





OSE COMB BROWN LEGHORNS from Mud. Square Garden

winners, eggs and day-old chicks our 3 Iecinlty. Also Mam,

Pekin Duck eggs. Claudia Bette. illsdale, Mich.





 





TAN DARD BRIE D R. I. REDS—Both combs, eggs from show

stock 82 per 15 ,fnncy $2 per 30, utility $6 per 100 (by ex.)

sent free by P. P. all wondciful winter layers. Also Mam.

Af. geese & Roucn ducks I-. & \V. runners , E. Red Turks, P.

guinea hens. III-ouch Fruit, 8: Poultry FanII, Ludington, Mich.





 





' and white W'ynndottcs a. fine lot. of

allverl Golden young stock. New circular January ht.

Browning' e W yandotte Farm. R. 30. Portland, Mich.





 





YOUR “Ens Farmers and Fanclors

written byROBERTESS X8

It tells How

30 Pou u-oo teIsl cost Ito uild describes

Robert Essex Incubator Co., 113 Henry 81.. Buffalo, N. Y.

raised stock, with s in season.



{it

Henry Pfile. Box 67.3 Fteeport. 111.

Don. Send clor large oultry book





should Bgoet the FREE POUL-

YOIIR FARM °°K 0““

I known throughou

America, After Years

With Poultry.

to Make Most From Eggo

and "on. for Market or Show. contains Pictures of

AMERICA’ S LARGEéT LINEO NCUBIATO ORS AND

BROODERS—SZ. 25 to $48 each. 0Write today.

Pl-‘I L ES 65 Varieties

AND nd Water Fowlo. Form-

Send 2c for my valuabl ustrated do-

scriptlve Poultry Book for 1918. Write

. Pun-Brod

Chickens, Ducko.

Goose. Turkeys.

nloo Incubators, Suppli oo and Colllo

Incubator Catalog and Price List.

14.". HINIKER, Box 56. Mankato, Minn.





 





 





PRIZE WINNING PARTRIDGE WYANDOTTES

book for sale. Eggq $1.25 er 15, $7 per 100

B. HAMILTON o. turgic, Michigan





IL-P

cocIIEIIEIs Hill SALE wra.i.r:....£rs.sir.2





Wyandottca $1 each. Also eggs for hatchin 31 for 15,

$4 per 100. ST U,ART Riverside, filichignn.





CHEAPEST Place on earth to buy Stock and E gs.

J1.) varieties, Geese. Ducks, Chickens. Write for roe

pricelist. David Young, R 6, Bay City,Mich. Station A.





CHICKS—We ship thousands,d1il’erent varieties

prices right, No“ booklet just. out, free.

FREEPORT HATOHERY, Box 12. Freeport, Mich





 





 





 





HI’IE ROCK S. 0. WHITE LEGHORN. BLACK

Spanish and Indian liunncr duck eggs, 15, 81.25

30, $2 5053; 100, $3 G. N. BiR1‘,Oakwood, Ohio.





WHITE WYANDOTTEEEiE‘i? 323311.231“

circulars now ready. L.M .OLDS, Tpsilanti. Micg

—“W 11‘



WHITE 1.110110st chilik‘éggssiii‘char”€95:

Maple City Poultry Plant. Box 0, Charlotte Mich.



-—N d f , -

While WIandofles .1835...””Ithl.‘§é’52¥d.2§§yp’fn

February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH Ann Arbor, Mich.

Whit! Wyandatlas—33';lItf‘dIi‘iiiIfi‘S.“92:333.his

CIrcular. David Ray, 202 Forest. Avue Ypsilanti, Mich.





LILLIE FARI‘ISTdEAD POULTRY



B. P. Rocks, R. I. Beds, 0. W. Leghorn em



for sale, 15 for $1: 26 for $160: 60 for 81.50

OOLON 0. L1LLIE.000persville. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





machines for on] ,3 3.1 (X), and





 

 





Broader shipped cmomgilete with

use when eyou cth ve

nockles high





OM -- ou’ll nova money-4t to invoctiznto before you b

“0118; back if not satisfied. uy.





 





 





Hot water, double walls. dead air a ace between, dou

tanks and boilers. self-regulating].

er





our

fornia Redwoody ham or used-mot painted eoc cover inferior





 





125 ”Egg Incubator an__I_l _B___rooiier 23" $ I o _ ___





43‘ ‘

a, in. ”/1 Why pay more than our rice'rWIf-l— ordered to ether we send





 





pay freight c attics] East of Rockies.

b o 3] use doors, copper .-

ursery under egg tray. Incubator an

mometers, lain s,egg- -tosters-—readv to

bee-410 days trial. ncubctom finished in natural colors showing the

mnterin If you will compo": our





 





mach no: with oth er: offered at anywhere near our opt-icelwe will feel sure of your order. Don’ i: buy mm you do





, or send in your order and save time.





IWriteun t.odny Don' tdelay MWISCONSIN INCUBATOR C0" BOX 126’ R.c‘n.' “l.-





 





 





that use incubators. This

THE NA





 





WHY INGUBATDR GHIGKS DIE





The book entitled, The History of White Diarrhoea, or' Why incubator chicks die. will be



sent. absolutely free by return 111811.170 any one sending us the names of 7 to 10 of their friends



diarrho .0 b it bl if“ If“ 33331“? “00 “"5 “mm“

a 1‘ owe rou e. eca



FOR ME 8 sean e so ccure.





r. It descr b s h

BOOK ABSOLUTELIYGFRVEiBe





RAISALL.REPII3P¥.99-.BLACKWELL. OKLAIIQMA-
THEéMICHiG





 





'ANFARMiE-R.





 





.— ' '5





 





 





/



' ' abig

difference in the

butter





Combine Worcester Salt with

the best cream and your product

will lead them all when you cash

in on your butter.





Worcester Salt isn’t bitter. Its

grains are fine and even—conse-

quently work in rapidly.





It is tastier, saltier and-more

savory than any salt you have

ever used. ’





It was pure salt long before

the Pure Food laws were

dreamed of.





' WORCESTER

' SALT





The Salt with the Savor





Send us your dealer’ 3 name

and address and we will mail you,

free of charge, our booklet,



Butter Making on the Farm. ”

For farm andxlairy use, Worces—

ter Salt is put up in 14—pound cotton

bags and 28 and 56-pound Irish linen

bags. Good grocers everywhere

sell Worcester Salt. Get a bag.





WORCESTER SALT COMPANY

Larger: Producer: of High-Crud: Sir/t in :1): U’orld

NEW YORK





 





 





 





 





   

 





 





easy cleaning, close skim-' .

ming, durable. Guaranteed f .

Ind more by what

t saves in or ostn brings Free cat.-





y i‘&/

One Year to Pay! H ‘

$2 Buy. the Now Buttor- . I g; i

a llfetimo. Skim: 95 qts.

per hour. do also in {our

larger sizes up to 5 1-2 shown ere. ,.

elm.

aiog folder and "direct—from-factory" offer.

uy from the manufacturer and save half. I

ALBAUGH-DOVER CO.





flylr. No.1. Light running Li ._

’1‘) "

30 Days' Free Trial Ems its own ca»

2269 Martha]! Blvd. CHICAGO





   





 





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

   

   

   





 





 





FIRE-PROOF—EVERLASTING





OUR FREE BOOKLET tells why the

Guernsey is easy to erect and at low

cost: how. best grade Ohio vitrified clay

hollow-tile, steel reinforced construction

renders it absolutely proof against

moisture, air. sun. wind and frost—tile

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SEY CLAY 00., ‘i‘iliifii‘?éi?¥.3i§iir





   





 





 





 





 





his, GLAZED ’l‘lLE‘

Fill KlLN vii.





|ili§ilf|“~-n.

III-Inga all

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_Never require paint nor

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‘-‘-.‘-.\

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-l





   

     

 





a..- .

—





=8





 

 

   

 





 

 

 

   





   





 

   





 

 





 





 

   





 





   

   





   

 





   

 





l



ill." '“ proof. Will be sold so that

”m": it earns its cost before the

lllllll ..





   





=3:

-“

=5;-

-

-

I





 





Buyer iii? Money





 





 





Cogent &_'l‘ile Silo Co.





LAIAZOO. IICIIIGAN





     





 





 

 

 

 





CIDER PRESSES





Net the biggest profit because they get

the most cider out of apples with the

least cost of operatio 36 years 01

success back of our guarantee to you

We make a press for every pur-

pose. Also cider cvuporators.

apple-butter cookers. vinegar

gen erators. sprayingputfita. etc.





THE HYDRAI'LIC PRESS MFG. CO.

181 Lincoln Ave. Ilt. Gilead. Ohio.





 





When, writing advertisers please





mention The Michigan Farmer.





lllllllilllllilllilllilfllllllliliiIWWMWWWIHWWWE





Dairy. g





lillllllIlllllllllllllflllllllllllillllllIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllmmmfifi

CONDUCTED BY COLON. C. LILLIE.





E





flilllllllllll





 





CAUSE OF MOLD IN SILAGE.





 





In removing my silage I find places

where there are chunks of some size cov—

ered with blue mold. What is the cause

of this? G. A. E.





Undoubtedly the cause of mold in sil-

age is due to the fact that there was not

a sufficient amount of moisture ‘evenly

distributed when the silo was being filled.-

If the corn is cut up just when it is ma.-

ture and contains the largest per cent of

digestible nutrients, it then has a suffi-

cient amount of its own sap so that it

will pack firmly and exclude air and

there will be no mold. But if from ex—

ceedingly dry weather or frost or any

other cause. cutting the silage has been

delayed and it gets too dry, then water

must be added as without it the silage

Will not properly pack to exclude the air.

When the corn harveSt is delayed most

people do not add a sufl‘lcient amount of

water and it is not evenly distributed so

that these dry places of mold occur.





PLAN FOR COW STABLE.





 





I would like to enquire through your

valuable paper the beSt plan for a dairy

barn. I Wnnt one large enough to hold

30 cows. The stables will be in the base-

ment and the feed will be stored above.

I would like to know the right length of

the floor for the cows to stand on and

whether concrete would be the best thing

for the floor, also the best way to tie

the cow. Some of the subscribers of the

Farmer may have a barn of this kind,

if so I would thank them for the infor-

mation.



Minn. J. H. S.



in building a modern sanitary dairy

barn what is the standard measurement

to build c0w stalls for Holstein cows?

\Vhat is the measurement from stanchion

to gutter? Should the stalls be made so

the cows will stand in the gutter all the

tim’e? Or should the cows stand on the

edge of floor? I was given to understand

that the proper way to stall your cows

to keep them clean is to stand them in

the gutter all the time. It is against my

belief from sanitary standpoint.



Isabella Co. SUBSCRIBER,



The best possible plan for a cow stable

is to have the cows stand in two rows

on either side of the barn facing the out-

side with a wide enough driveway be-

tween the two rows so that one can

drive through with a manure truck or

manure spreader and load the manure

direct from the gutter and haul it out.

This is the hardest and worst job on a.

dairy farm, the cleaning out of the sta-

bles, and the plan which reduces the la.-

bor of taking care of the manure to the

minimum, other things being equal, is

the best kind of a plan. Again, the cows

stand facing the outside, and in your

system of ventilation the pure air intakes

are on the outside so they get the fresh

air as it comes directly into the stable.

They do not breathe into each other’s

faces, lessening the danger of contami-

nation. or of one cow giving an infec-

tious disease to another. Your feeding

alleys, then, are on the side of the barn

in front of the cows and your hay chutes

above will be on the sides of the barn

instead of the middle of the barn and

will be out of the way. Very many other

reasons could be given for this plan of

a cow stable.



The floor of all cow stables should be

made of cement. Some people object to

cows standing and lying on cement floors

and yet a. great many cows do this with-

out any injury to themselves in any way

so far as I can see. If you use stanch-

ions on a cement floor of course it is

difficult to keep the bedding on the floor

because it works back into the gutter.

If you use the model cow stall this saves

the bedding and keeps the bed three or

four inches deep for the cow to lie upon

so they do not lie upon the cement floor

at all. There is no use in arguing about

the kind of cow stall. The system of

tying cows in the barn is something that

very few people can agree upon. Every—

body has their notion, and there is no

use in dISputing it. One has to look the

field over and take the system that he

thinks the most practical and best.





One cannot give the length of the palt-

form the cows are to stand upon with—

out knowing the length of the cows. I

would suggest that you measure your

largest cow as she stands up naturally,

from her front feet to say three inches

back of her hind feet. Then measure

your shortest cow and have your gutter“

put in, not straight, but have the plat-





 





form vary in length from the length of





the longest cow to the. length' of the

shortest cow. 'Where you keep cows in

stanchions to keep them clean they must

be lined up to the gutter. It is wrong

to have the cow stand in the gutter.

She ought to stand on the platform above

the gutter.

to stand in the gutter because it is filthy

and they don’t stand naturally, having

their hind parts so much lower than their

fore parts.



If I was to build any number of dairy

barns for-my own use I certainly would

have the cows arranged in two rows fac-

ing the outside, with an alley between

the r0ws of the cows broad enough so

that one could drive through to clean the

stable. That is the principal thing. The

next thing is to have a. cement floor and

then put in cow stalls to suit your own

taste.





 





WHAT IS THE TROUBLE WITH THE

BUTTER.





 





Until recently I have had the name of

making fine butter, and have tried in

vain to find the cause of it being poor

n0w. If you can help to solve the prob-

lem I shall be very grateful. We are

milking two cows that are having their

usual care and good feed, and are using

a separator that does excellent work and

1am very careful to keep it in good con-

dition by using boiling water to sterilize

after each washing. The same has only

been in use for one year. The cream re-

mains thin whether kept cool or warm.

and does not sour, as it should in the

ripening. Is often stirred, but a foam

keeps rising to the top. The whole mass

has a stale, unpleasant odor. When

churned the butter comes quickly but

does not yield as it should. and has the

stale flavor more or less. The buttermilk

is of the same flavor only more so.



Emmet Co. A. L. K.



Cold weather and cows that are well

advanced in the period of lactation, gen-

erally bring the trouble with the butter

and the churning. There is hardly a. suffi-

cient history of the cows in the case giv-

en so that one could answer it intelli-

gently. P0ssibly it could not be a'nSWered

successfully if one was on the spot and

made a careful diagnOSis of all condi-

tions. A. L. K. does not say whether the

cows are fresh or whether they are well

advanced in the period of lactation. I

([111 unable to give any idea as to the pe-

culiar odor of the cream and the butter,

except that it may be something the mat-

ter with the feed. and nothing is said

about the kind of feed the cows are giv-

en. I am rather inclined to think that

it is the way the cream is handled after





It is a bad habit to get cows '





 





it is skimmed, and I would recommend

that as soon as the cream is skimmed it

be put in a cool place. Then when you

skim the next ”time this cream should be

cooled before it is mixed with the cold

cream. It always produces bad results

to mix warm cream with cold cream.

Then set it away again in a cool place.

And every time that the milk is skimmed

cool the cream beforeit is mixed with

the cold cream. Always mix cream of

the same temperature together. Now

when enough cream has accumulated take

it out from the cool place and put it in

a. tub of warm water and stir it until it

is 70 degrees. Then allow it to remain at

this temperature for 24 hours until it

sours or ripens. Then put it into cold

water and cool it down to about 60 de-

grees and churn it, and I don’t believe

you will have any trouble.‘





 





A WELL-BALANCED RATION.





 





I would like to have Mr. Lillie give me

a balanced ration for my cows. I have

no silo. I have bran, oats, corn-and—cob

meal and oil meal. I wiSh to feed corn-

stalks once a day and clover hay twice

a day. Also, where can I get tables so

that I can figure out my own balanced

ration?



Lenawee Co. L. J. D.



Of coui‘Se. the roughage is good. Good

clover hay and corn fodder are all right.

Feed all the clover hay and all the corn

fodder the COWS will eat up clean with-

out undue waste. Then the combination

of grain foods is splendid. I don’t see

how you could get anything better. I

would mix them together in equal pro-

portion, say 100 lbs. of bran, 100 lbs. of

ground oats, 100 lbs. of corn-and-cob

meal, and 100 lbs. of oil meal. Mix them

all together thoroughly and then feed the

cows as m y pounds per day of this

mixture of grain as they produce pounds

of butter-fat in a week. I don’t think

you can get a better ration in any way.





The Chicago butter and egg board has

voted to abolish the butter and egg quo-

tations committee and to refrain in the

futlure from establishing any official quo-

tations. This action appears to have

been taken in order to eliminate one of

the chief charges in the government suit

against the exchange.





 

   

 





chine that

fit: in with

my idea of

what a separator

ought to be—the



right price and the

right quality. The

Beatrice stands alone

on the separator market

as the one high-grade

separator at a fair-play price. In-

stead of paying $100 to $110, I

paid $75 for 1000 pounds capacity.

I have yet to find a more eflicient

and durable machine.





' BEATRICE





Cream Separator





It‘s no trouble at all to keep it as

clean as a new pin and perfectly

sanitary. The patented device will

clean the machine and make it

spotless in [an than 2 minqu.

The close skimming it does is sur-

prising. My skimmed milk doesn' t

show a particle of cream. The

occasions I have had to put my

hand in my pocket for repairs have

been exceptionally

few and far between.

—Farmer Onswon.

600 lbs. Camelot“

soons. Capacity 365

1000 lbs. Capacity $75

If you don't [mow

the Beatrice, it

will pay you to ‘

get acquainted.

your dealer can '1

introduce you, just

write





THE

BEATRICE

CREAMERY



C0..

1 Chicago

llncoln. Nob.

Des Hollies. In. B

”m- h- "





 

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

   

 





 





 

 

 

 

 





AMERICAN





SEPARATOR





THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.

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Adora-4 Baylor l‘nrm Book 00.. 937 Wayne. Ind





APRIL 5' 191.33». .
' VAPRIL..5, 1913.





 

 





 





 





FEEDING QUESTIONS.» .





h..—





Has it been demonstrated by actual

experiment that an’excess 'of any feed

element of a ration over and above what

is normal and proper'for that indiVidual

is eliminated as waste? As, if a. cows

proper'ratiOn is 1:6 and I feed her feed-

stuffs making a ratio of 1:8, is the ex-

cess of carbohydrates wasted? Or, if I

feed an excess of protein, is that excess

all wasted? Also, does the ratio vary

with different stock, as horses, cows,

sheep or hogs? How does the object in

View vary the proper ration as, feeding

a. cow for butter, or a horse for work,

or fattening a pig? Also, assuming that

the human ration changes with age how

definitely is that change known? Suppose

We say, for youth, 1:8; fer adults, 1:10;

for old people, 1:12. Would that be a

good stab at it? Is it not true that the

Chinese, a people supposed to be inferior





physically to no other, live largely on

rice, a food quite deficient in gluten?

Kent Co. \V. E. T.





Adtual Waste in the Unbalanced Ration.





When an animal is fed an unbalanced

ration, either an excess of protein or an

excesg of carbohydrates, there is cer-

tainly a waste, because the science of

feeding is founded on the facts that an

animal requires food nutrients in a cer-

tain proportion to perform certain work,

and if you do not give them in this pro-

portion then there is certainly a waste.

In the illustration given, where a cow

is fed a ration containing 1 lb. of protein

to 8 lbs. of carbohydrates when she should

have a ration of 1 lb. of protein to 6 lbs.

of carbohydrates, the excess of carbohy-

drates is a waste. It is worse than waste

because it takes some energy of the an-

imal to eliminate the undigested and un-

assimilated carbohydrates. This was all

found out and demonstrated by actual

analysis of the feces by Dr. Wolf when

he prepared his feeding table. Those ta-

bles would not be scientific, in fact,

there would be no science in feeding if

this was not true. ‘





There is one thing, however, that we

should remember and that is that protein

can be used in place of carbohydrates. In

other words, if our ration is deficient in

carbohydrates and we have an excess of

protein the protein can be iin to pro-

duce heat and energy in the body so that

we might have an unbalanced ration and

yet have no waste of protein, but it would

be an extravagant ration because the

protein is worth too much to be used as

a source of heat and energy. On the

other hand, an excess of carbohydrates

cannot be used in the place of protein.

Carbohydrates contain no nitrogen and

we must have nitrogen to produce the

nitrogenous animal product, like the case-

in in milk, or the wool on sheep, etc.





Vary the Ration to Suit the Object

Sought.



The nutritive ratio should vary accord-

ing to animal conditions, or according to

the work done by the animal. A young,

growing animal has a larger demand for

protein because the muscular tissues of

the vital organs of the body must. have

protein to build them up. Consequently

in the growing young animal the propor-

tion of protein should be greater than in

the mature animal. Now, on the other

hand, when the mature animal is put to

work, work is exhaustive of muscular

tissue and they are torn down and de—

stroyed more rapidly than when at rest,

and therefore a working animal should

have a narrower nutritive ratio than one

at rest. There is very little difference in

the nutritive ratio for young growing an-

mals of any class of stock. For in-

stance, yOung growing cattle or sheep or





hogs or horses require about the same

proportion of protein to the carbohy-

drates. This is the reason why a grow-





ing pig should not be fed exclusively on

corn, and, in fact, neither should any of

the growing animals because corn has a

nutritive ratio of about 1 to 12, while

growing young animals should have a

nutritive ratio of from 1 to 4 or 1 to 5.





Balanced Ratlon for the Human Being.





I should say that W. E. T. has given

a pretty good gueSS as to the nutritive

ratio for human beings, taking into con-

sideration their age, and yet the young

growing boy or girl should probably have

a narrower ration than 1 to 8 because

the muscular tissues and the vital organs

of the human being must be built, up

juSt as well as that'of the lower animals.

In the adult we do not need as much

protein in proportion to the carbohydrates

because there is no growth in the mus-

cular tissues. On the other hand. if the

adult works hard physically the muscles

are being torn down on the same prin-

ciple as when a horse or ox works hard.

He must have more protein than when

at rest. On the same'theory the cow





giving milk should have a larger per cent





' THE MICHIGAN FARM'ER





- of protein in the ration than one not giv-





ing milk, because she has to manufac-

ture the nitrogenous substance, the case-

in in the milk. And so, speaking gener-

ally, we can say that the nutritive ratio





should vary according to the age and. V





aceording to the work done. It is oer-I

tainly not good businese, to feed the

work horses in the winter time when

they are standing idle in the stable as

narrow nutritive ratio as when they are

at work on the farm. They should have

practically a maintenance ration in the

Winter time when they are doing scarcely

nothing. Then, in the summer time,

when they are put to severe work the

proportion of protein should be increased.

Of course, nature takes care of an ex-

cess of an unbalanced ration. If it wasn’t

for that animal life would become ex-

tinct on this earth. The animal seems

to have the power of taking an unbal-

anced ration and living upon it and void-

ing the excess without any material harm

to the animal. Yet, of course, it takes

some energy to void undigested foods,

but the greater argument for the balanc-

ed ration is not so particularly the health

of the animal as it is the economy in the

feed. Food is getting so high-priced now

that it pays the farmer to use his lead

pencil in figuring out a ration, a ration

properly suited to the work required of

them or according to their age, with the

food nutrients in the right proportion so

that there will be economical digestion

and assimilation.





I cannot see that W, E. T. proves any-

thing by referring to the rice diet of the

Chinese. Rice meal has a nutritive ra-

tio of about 1 to 9.7, a little narrower

than our corn meal and considerably wid-

er than our wheat flour. But, because

the ChineSe live largely upon rice is no

sign that there is nothing in this theory

of the balanced ration. It simply shows

that the Chinese can take an unbalanced

ration and live upon it; so can all ani-

mals. Many of us do at the present time.

Very little pains is taken by the human

race at the present time to consume a

balanced ration. In fact, this question

of the science of feeding is practically a

new one, and it is understood thor-

oughly by only a comparatively small per

cent of the people. Only very few farm-

ers at the present time can take advan-

tage of this theory. Only a small per

cent of the people pay any attention to

the proportion of the protein to the car-

bohydrates which





they consume every

day. And so the Chinese could live and

thrive and be muscular and healthy on





an unbalanced ration, but the only ques-

tion about the balanced ration is the

cconomy. IVhat is the use of eating a

ration that is too wide or too narrow

when we can so adjust the food nutrients

in a ration that there will be no waste

and save money. That’s the theory of

a balanced ration, and the theory is cor-

rect. It has been proven time and time

again. Not only that, but animals do

better when they have a balanced ration,

and there is no reason why human beings

wouldn’t do better if they lived strictly

according to this science. I doubt if all

or us ever will, but it would be better

for us.

DOES SlLAGE INJURE COWS’

TEETH.





 





I am about to start a dairy on a small

scale and contemplate building a silo.

Neighbors tell me not to do it. that en-

silage ruins a cow’s teeth in three or

four years, so that they decay and fall

out, making a cow worthless except for

beef. Kindly give me, your opinion as I

intend to keep only blooded stock and

could not afford to turn off a good cow in

Such a short time.



Alleg'dn Co. J. E. C.



llow a man could live in any neighbor-

hood in the state of Michigan at the

present time for one week and then ask

a question like this is more than I can

understand. This question has been an—

swered in the Michigan Farmer several

times during the last year. Silage is

talked at every Farmers' Institute almost

in this state, and almost every county

has from three to five, and sometimes 18

Furmers’ Institutes. Every agricultural

paper in this country is talking about

silage and how a man could ever get it

into his head that people would be fool-

ish enough to b'uild'ysilos and advocate

them and have their cows eat silage, if

it would injure 0r cauSe cows' teeth to

decay, is more than I can understand.

“'e can simply assure J. E. C. that sil-

age will not injure the cows’ "teeth in any

way. I have cows that have eaten corn

silage all their lives, and their dams be-

fbre them, and their grandams before

that, and in no way has it ever affected





 





An up-to-date De Laval Separator will, on an average, save

its cost. every year over any other separator.



In addition to the actual saving in more and better cream

there is also the saving in time of separation and cleaning, in





easier running, greater durability and fewer repairs.





savings more than 40,000 users of inferior

and worn—out separators of various makes

last year took advantage of the De Laval

exchange allowance and traded in their ma.-

chines on account of De Lavals.



USERS OF OLD DE LAVALS, on ac-

count of the many improvements in the

modern De Laval over machines sold 10 to

25 years ago, including closer skimming,

easier running, better oiling, etc., will also

find it to their advantage to exchange their

old De Laval for an up—to-date De Laval.



SEE THE NEAREST DE LAVAL

AGENT- He will tell you how much he

can allow on your old machine, whether a De Laval or some

other make, toward the purchase ofanew De Laval. If you

don’t know a De Laval agent, write to the nearest De Laval

office/giving make, number and size of your present machine,

and full information will be sent you.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR 06.





NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Wiggles": ROSS ,SlLO





We use Guaranteed Long Leaf Yel-

low Pine thut will last longer than

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The Ross Silo has features that:

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FULLY GUARANTEED





to be as represented. Our 63 years of

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FREE catalog explains all. Write for it to-

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"make good" because they're made good.

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We prepay freight. Get our catalog; it



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KALAMAZOO TANK & SILO 00.

Kalamuoo. Mlch. Karim C'y. Mo.

Minneapolis. Mlnii.

lo. FMliiithJox.





 





 





 





CFQEAM SE'pAFQATOFQ





Its 1913 Model Improvements make

other Separators distinctly out of date





Mechanical Washing The “United States" is the only cream sep-

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other makes. '





Non-rusting Sections The skimming device of the U. S. Separator

is composed of nickel silver sections guaranteed not to rust. BeSides





nickel silver sections are stronger and more.durable than tinned steel

discs or other dev1ces.





Lightest Running The 1913 model U. S. is one of the lightest

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practically one half the power of older models.





Closest Skimming Not only has its work

in hundreds of thousands of dairies caused the

U. S. to be admitted the closest skimming Sep-

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. closest skimming.





Price The 1913 model United States Separa-

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FREE DEMONSTRATIO





citation of the 1913 model at your home.

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Ask your local U. 8.

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Oui' catalogue is free





 





 





 





 





their teeth in any way.





 





When Writing to advertisers

you sawtheir ad. in The





lease state that

ichigan Farmer.
THE; MICHIGAN FARMER .





 





 

 





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Dept. AA, Detroit, Mich.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





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Boston Cincinnati Dallaa Tacoma

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Minneapolis Nashville Lincoln San Franeueo

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An lmperishable Silo





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Built of Hollow Vitrified Clay Blocks





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’ l' MUTUAL CARRIAGE G HARNESS MFG. CO..'Statioa51-DB. St. lull“. in.





or Station 51D. 132 N. Wabash Ave” Chicago. Ill.





 





if When Writing toedvertlsors please mention the‘ldlclii‘gen Farmer.





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





APRIL 5, 1913. 7 "





SpringManagement of *Woi-k Horses:





 





' UCCESSFUL farming depends in

S large measure upon the efficiency of



the work teams during the rush of

field work in the spring. More and more

is the need of skillful management com-

ing to be appreciated in the handling of

horsepower during the spring months.

Years ago there was a. direct correlation

between the amount of work a team

could do in the field and the distance a.

man could walk in a day, but since heavy

implements, with a seat. have come into

general use the efficiency of the team

marks the limit of the most profitable

day’s work.



Work the Horses ln Gradually.



Thinking men cannot avoid serious

considerathn of the problem of getting

their horses gradually accustomed to the

change from winter idleness to long days

of hard work in the field. There are

many odd jobs such as hauling wood,

feed-and manure. which can be done as

well now as when field work is pressing.

This preliminary work saves a vast

amount of time later on and gives the

horses just the right tone of physical

vigor and force exacted by steady work.

It is surprising how much time, risk and

horsefiesh can be saved by getting their

bodies, shoulders and legs into the work

habit before it is forced upon them.



Increase the Grain Ration Gradually.



HorSes that have been idle during the

winter should have their grain ration in-

creased gradually until thelr digestive

systems become accustomed to large

feeds of concentrated corn and oats and

making them into power. “'e would not

think of starting a fire in the boiler and

switching on the full current of power

without giving the engine a thorough ov-

erhauling, cleaning and oiling. and yet.

how many farmers make a practice of

rounding up their horses that have be-

come accustomed to transforming hay,

fodder and straw into hair and heat to

protect them from cold weather, overload

their digestive systems with heat-produc-

ing foods and start them at full speed

across the fields. Horses that have been

idle should have a liberal allowance of

grain to develop a full current of power,

before it is suddenly switched on.



The Place of Hay in the Ration.



As a rule work horses get too much

hay during the spring and early summer.

The horse’s stomach is not large enough

and cannot hold a feed of grain and hay

at the same time, therefore it is reason-

able to suppose that the grain feeds will

be more perfectly digested if not accom-

panied by a large amount of hay. I

have always obtained better results by

feeding my work horses about a peck of

cut hay with their grain feed in the

morning and at noon. In this way the

horses have a comparatively small amount





   





   





at work, and the grain feed being more

eaSily digested and more nutritious than

the hay, the horse is well nourshed

throughout the day.



The hay is principally digested in the

intestines and the coarse fiber is largely

utilized by the large intestine. so there

is little gained in feeding hay during the

day when the horse is working. At night

We feed our horses a. liberal amount of

hay, for this gives it an opportunity to

work along in the intestines, where it is

greatly reduced in bulk before active

work the next day. A hard-worked horse

needs about all the nourishment that he

will take, and should have all the grain

that he will eat up promptly. It is the

grain food that nourishes, but hay must

be fed to meet the requirements of the

digestive organs. The horse that is con-

stantly stuffed with hay must either eat

less grain than he should or else suffer

from overtaxed digestive organs which

makes him slow and sluggish. By feeding

hay in liberal quantities at night and a

small amount of cut hay mixed with the

grain foods morning and noon, they will

keep in good flesh condition and seldom

be troubled with colic and other de-

rangements.



The—Importance of Grooming.



Cleanliness is essential to good health

and vigor. Careful grooming and less

feeding would no doubt be better for the

health of many work horses. During the

spring when the horse is performing hard

work and eating heavy rations of grain

feed there is a vaSt amount of waste

excreted by the skin. If not removed

this is likely to cause skin diseases and

harness sores. It acts throughout the

night and in the morning there is always

a certain amount of scurf and dirt which

should be removed after the horse is





of freshly eaten hay to be digested while'





watered and fed._ At night a wisp» of

clean straw or hay should'be used to re-

move the dirt from the outside of the

coat and to dry the coat out if wet: but

this does not really clean it. The brush

is the only thing with which to clean

the horse’s skin and coat. But if the

coat is wet it must be dried with loose

wisps first. '



Cllpplng ls Advantageoue.



Clipping in the spring has proved of

great benefit to the health, comfort and

vigor of work horses, thus adding to their

beauty, value and usefulness. The horse

that is idle during the winter seldom gets

the grooming that he deServes and as a

consequence his hair grows long and

thick, and the pores of the skin become

clogged with dust and dirt.



The change from idleness in cold

weather to that of long days of hard

work in a rapidly advancing temperature

means a great deal of unnecessary dis-

comfort from the heat it the horse has

a thick coat. He is in about the same

condition a man would be if forced to

perform hard work with his heavy win-

ter coat on.



Many city owners of horses figure that

it reduces the efficiency of their horses

if forced to carry the winter coat until;

it is shed naturally by slow degrees in

the spring and early summer. Horses

that are soft in the spring perspire a.

great deal more when put to work than

would be the case if they were kept at

work during the winter. Their coats are

long and thick and hold moisture and

accumulations of dirt and grease longer

than if the horses were covered with

shorter hair. Such horses cannot be giv-

en as thorough grooming as they need to

have. A horse should have the dirt and

perspiration brushed clean from the hair

every day he works. If this is done twice

a day so much the better,



The skin is the great eliminating organ

of the body; pure blood depends largely

upon a clean and healthy skin with open

active pores. Such a condition cannot

exist if the horse is covered with a thick,

heavy coat of hair to hold moisture and

accumulations of filth. The removal of

the dirt and stimulation of the skin goes

a long way toward preventing harness

sores. Next to a well—fitted and properly

adjusted collar and harness, a clean skin

is the most important essential. Some

farmers argue that clipping is not natu-

ral but such men must consider that

horses, even on farms, live differently

from horses in their natural state. EV-

ery effort therefore should be made to

keep animals living under unnatural con-

ditions in as, healthy condition as pos-

sible. Horses that are clipped early in

the spring and kept blanketed when

standing outside will be able to do more

work and do it with less discomfort than

those that have not been clipped.



Working In the Young Horses.



Considerable patience. kindness and

skill ls required to gain the confidence of

young horses and get them conditiond

before they are pressed into service. The

excitement and new order of things is

enough for the first few days without

putting them into hard work. By gain-

ing their confidence and getting their

bodies and Shoulders toughened to resist

the pressure and friction of the collar

and harness. a lot of time may he say-

ed, which would otherwise be wasted in

fussing and resting them when they were

first put into the harness.



Fitting the Harness.



It requires judgment and skill to fit

out work teams with collars and har-

nesses before beginning the spring cam-

paign of work in the fields. A well-fit-

ted harness is an important factor to

consider in securing serviceabillty and

adding to the efficiency of the teams. To

properly fit a harness not only requires

a knowledge of the anatomy of the horse,

but a study of the disposition of the in-

dividual horses in the team. Of first im-

portance is a properly fit d collar. A

Snug fitting collar is preferable. If it is

too long it draws up and down, irritating

the shoulders and forming callous spots

on the points of the shoulder. If the

horse is carrying considerable excess

fiesh at the time the collar is fitted it is

best to get a collar large enough so that

it may be drawn up accordingly. A safe

guide as to the right size of the collar

is to have it long enough so that your

hand may be slipped in at the bottom

and of sufficient width to permit the flu-

gers to be slipped in at the sides. Soak-

ing .the face of the collar in, a tub with

about an inch of water for a few hours





t
/





APRIL 5, 1913.





will permit it to adjust itself to the con-

tour of the shoulder. Sweat pads are one

of the greatest nuisances imaginable.

They only aggravate sore shoulders by

getting gummed up with the material ex-

uded from the sores. This sticks to the

Dad and makes a hard, infectious mass

abOVe the seat of the injury. It is very

diflicult to cure sore shoulders under such

a course of treatment. Care should be

exercised in adjusting the hames to the

shape of the collar, and so that the point

of heaviest draft will come about one-

third of the distance upward from the

point of the shoulder.

' The Driver.



The amount of work that a team can

do depends much upon the driver. No

matter how well horses are fed and cared

for in the barn, a careleSS driver can

waste their energy by bad driving. If he

has the faculty of keeping his team and

implements in working order and stead-

ily on the move he will accomplish a big

seasons work. Storms may cause some

delay, but with a policy of beginning work

early and keeping the teams on the move

every day when the land is fit there will

be less temptatiOn to push them beyond

their strength. Efforts to accomplish an

excessive amount of work in a day or

week are dearly paid for in the loss of

flesh and spirits.



New York. .



CORN SILAGE AND COTTONSEED



FOR BEEF.



The South Carolina Experiment Station

has recently published a bulletin dealing

with the subject of feeding beef cattle

in South Carolina. This bulletin, No. 169,

by Archibald Smith, gives the result of

a. test to ascertain the value of different

kinds of forage fed with cottonseed meal.

In giving a brief review of this bulletin,

many details of the experiment must be

omitted, but the main findings are here

mentioned/and are of much value to cat-

tle feeders not only in the south, but in

practically all parts of the country. The

bulletin is another proof of the great

economic use of corn silage which, when

prOperly balanced, always shows a most

profitable gain. In this particular test,

silage, corn stover and cottonseed hulls

were compared. The corn silage gave by

far the best returns, not only in eco-

nomic production of beef profit in feed-

ing, but also in the quality of the beef

and the shape in which it reached the

market. The silage-fed group of steers

produced beef from 15 to 20 per cent

cheaper than the other groups. They

lost less in shipping to Imarket, which is

a test that has been disputed in the past,

as some feeders have claimed that silage

fed beef lost severely in the shipping

process. In this test they lost the least.

The silage-fed group produced gains that

would warrant an earning on the silage

of $6.86 per ton. This earning was made

on a. very poor market as the steers only

sold for $5.50 per hundred. Had they

sold on a better market, this price could

easily have been increased 20 to 30 per

cent. With corn silage costing but $2

per ton, which is a fair price for its pro-

duction, good corn land can be made to

earn from $60 to $70 per acre.



The fact that corn silage is the most

economic form of carbohydrates, should

be known to every farmer keeping live

stock. Good feeding means supplying

animals With needed nourishment at the

lowest possible cost. The last part of

this definition calls for study and figur-

ing. Anybody can feed an animal well,

but it requires skill and application of

science to feed an animal well and eco-

nomically. The two great food elements

arecarbohydrates and protein. To learn

h0w to supply these two in the best and

cheapest forms means good feeding.



The combination of corn ensilage and

cottonseed meal makes a balanced ration

which has always given good returns.

Silage furnishes a cheap, succulent, eas-

ily digested food, lacking only in protein

which is supplied by the cottonseed meal

in a condensed form, and corn silage can

also be balanced by alfalfa, clover, cow

peas, soy beans, peas, wheat, bran, oil-

meal, gluten feed or cats, but the silage

should form the bulk of the ration as it

contains the principle food needed and is

in a cheap, wholesome form.





 





 





 





To sum up the) whole subject, feeding

crushed instead of whole cats to horses

is not to be recommended under ordinary

conditions. The only cases in which it is

advisable or necessary are: First, when

a. horse's powers of mastication are im-

paired or deficient so that it cannot prop-

erly chew whole oats; second, when a

horse is a greedy feeder and in the habit





W. MILTON KELLY.





 

 

 

 





of bolting unchewed oats, and third, when

a. poor feeder has a partiality for crush-

ed oats, preferring them to whole ones.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.



The greatly reduced feeding operations

carried on by sheepmen nearly every-

where this season is the cause of the

extraordinarily high prices that are be-

ing paid for fat stock, whether it consists

of lambs, yearlings, wethers or ewes. The

popular demand for mutton was never

in past years so large as it is now, but

consumptién is being affected unfavor-

ably in some quarters on account of its

increased cost, and it has happened fre-

quently that after prime lambs advanced

to extreme figures buyers switched over

largely to fat yearlings and‘sheep, there-

by considerably lessening the spread in

prices between these and lambs of a

similar grade. Of late Colorado—fed flocks





of lambs have comprised the principal

offerings received in the Chicago and

Missouri river markets, and that region





stands alone as feeding the usual num-

bers this season, in fact feeding more

than a year ago. The Colorado big firms

that are in the habit of feeding lambs

for the market are not easily alarmed

over market conditions, and in this re-

spect they are greatly different from the

average sheepman of the middle western

and eastern sections of the country,

most of the latter having taken fright

last autumn on account of the unusual





(learness of feeder lambs and sheep,

many of the latter never stopping to

think that small numbers of lambs in





feeding districts pointed to correspond-

ingly higher prices for matured flocks

when ready for the market. The way

the Colorados have been marketed of

late would seem to indicate that by the

first of April not many will be left. Some

shorn lambs have been marketed recently,

and they failed to sell quite satisfactorily,

as the packers prefer wooled flocks so

long as the weather remains cold, but

after it turns warm they always prefer

shorn stock. Feeders are in as good re-

quest as ever and bring high prices,

there being not one-quarter enough of-

fered to meet the large requirements of

country buyers.



Thus far not much contracting of the

coming wool clip has taken place in

western regions, and as a rule intending

purchasers are pursuing a waiting pol—

icy, merely testing prices and seeing how

low figures owners are prepared to ac-

cept. In Arizona clipping has been

delayed, and no sales have been effected

according to late reports. In a specu—

lative way a. few fleeces have been c0n-

tracted for at 150 per pound in Oregon,

and not long ago cold weather caused a

suspension of shearing. Very little con-

tracting has been done so far in Utah,

with buyers and sellers differing as to

prices. ln Montana there are offers of

181/20 for clips, this being the price paid

be no danger of any change that would

bring about a slump in.prices. Of course.

everybody expects reactions from time to

time in values, especially after sudden

sharp advances, for no market can go on

rising forever, but it is not thought that





the market has yet seen its highest

prices. Meanwhile owners of healthy,

thrifty, growing young hogs should use





their best efforts to make their stock as

choice in quality as possible, and it

seems a good thing to make them weigh

at least as much as 250 lbs. Good brood

sows should be retained on the farms for

breeding purposes, for the pig crops of

recent years have been far too small for

trade requirements. The average weight

of the hogs marketed in Chicago thus

far is well below 250 lbs., although it has

been increasing steadily f0r many weeks

and is much heavier than last year. The

eastern hogs were mostly marketed some

time ago, and now eastern packers are

drawing heavily on the Chicago market

for supplies, for the east years ago

ceased raising anywhere near enough pork

for its home requirements. General con—

ditions affecting the hog market are such

that owners of provisions are disinclin-

ed to take a bearish stand, and pork,

lard and ribs are getting in an extremely

firm position, with unusually small hold-

itngs everywhere and a. large consump-

ion.



Good accounts are given by Nebraska.

farmer—stockmen of the great benefits de-

rived from silos, which are springing up

everywhere, the silo having made cheap-

er production of beef possible. One farm-

er, living in Stanton, says he is feeding

150 tons of silage this season put up from

25 acres of corn, and every head of stock

on his farm is in fine condition. His feed

bill is only a fraction of what it was be-

fore he put up his silo, and he figures

that there is no chance of lose because

of possible low markets. He adds that

after this system of feeding becomes

more wide-spread, he would not be sur-

prised to see a big percentage of farmers

take to breeding, raising and fattening

their own stock for market, and at good

profit margins, regardless of land values.

As soon as farmers are convinced that

the profit on home-grown beef will

amount to more than a reasonable profit

on the money invested in land, the pub-

110 may expect a larger farm production

of beef.





The combined receipts 'of hogs in the

ten leading markets of the country for

February fell off 404,471 head from a year

ago, and the receipts for the first two

months of the present year fell off close

to 840,000 head. Sheep and lamb receipts

for February fell off 114,738 head. and the

falling off for January and February

amounted to 338,603 head. ‘





With warm weather approaching, the

demand will run even more strongly on

the lighter weights of cattle than now.

In warm weather heavy cuts of beef are

espeCIally unpopular. Therefore, owners

of weighty beeves should not defer mar-

keting their cattle that are reaching

heavy weight.





» THE MICHIGAN FARME’R





 





.





9—433





“)7?” fflrow away!

_. fialfolfyourcmp





" 2 \IV ' r

uflE‘g‘d ' ,





i ‘1‘ EM: ‘ ,

s we {frienyouiusljwlr





: fl ‘ ““ f w 16

” 6'01?! 01' e 67'!

Only about one half of the food value of

our corn crop is in the ears. The other half

is in the stalks, leaves and husks. These ‘

have very little merit as dry feed but they

retain all the succulent freshness of spring

pasturage when they are preserved in an





[Ngif‘c‘i‘A





Even the toughest fibres become soft and

delicious. Instead of being thrown aside

as waste they go into your cattle to make

milk and beef. And the manure from barn

and yard, free from cobs, stalks and weed

seeds, goes back into your fields to make

bigger crops next season.





The Indiana Silo is one hundred per cent.

eificient. It is made of the best of silo ma-

terials and only the best. Every seam is

air-tight. Every joint is made with our

patent self-draining mortise. Every piece

is marked and ready to be slipped into its

proper place. You can erect an Indiana

Silo very quickly and with no chance of

failure. Your silage will be safe from mildew,mould

and‘ frost. Your increased profits will more than pay

for it the first season. It will last for years.



Maurice Douglas increased the net earnings of his

corn fields $57.98 per acre by preserving his crop in

an Indiana Silo. ‘ He says he could afford to burn his

silo and get a new one every year and still be better

oil than he would be by keeping his corn in cribs.

Order today. We will deliver when you want it.





THE INDIANA SILO COMPANY





Factories 2

Des Moines, In.





   

 





. HII’





. "a Illlllltlmw ,5 .





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





RITE today for



our catalogue and



a free copy of the



book “Silo Profits,”



which is the story of the



Indiana Silo as written by



scores of owners of In-



diana Silos. And ask us



for the name of our rep—



resentative in - your 10-

cality.



"You buy an Indiana Silo-





but it pays for itself." Anderson. Ind. Kansas City, Mo.





 





 





382 UnionBldg. 382 IndianaBldg. 382 Silo Bldg.





 





 





 





I'nmilml Lake Aiplmlv //

/.





   





_ . Weatherproof is expense-proof

Trinidad Lake asphalt makes roofing lastingly tight against rain,’

sun,_wiiid, snow, heat and cold.



This is the everlasting waterproofer of Nature. We use it to make





, @ fl a5 @ "THE TRINIDAIWE-L





Because it gives absolute





_ _ protection Genasco is economical roofing—

it costs less in the end.





Ask your dealer for Genasco. Mineral or smooth surface. Look for the hemisphere

trademark. ’I he Kant-leak Kleet is in every roll of smooth surface Genasco. It water.

proofs seams Without cement and.prevents nail-leaks.





The Barber Asphalt Paving Company Philadelphia





Largest producers of asphalt and largest '

manufacturers of ready roofing in the world ‘New Yorléan Franciscghlcago





   

   

     

   





' billiaflwl’,’ g "L. ..





   

   

   

   

   





 

 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





Lon

W cm mm





Boiler





GE ....WO0L





that will not you from 15¢: to 201: more on

ovary sheep you shear with a Stewart No. 9

Machine. Don’t labor with hand shears, in the

old, hard. sweaty way. Don't have aching.

swollen wrists. Don‘t scar and disfigure your

sheep with uneven shearing and spoil

the wool with second





   

   

   

   

 

   





 

 





ta. Take off the

-~. fleece smoothly

“K“ and quickly in





 





one unbroken .





Slewrl Io. fifths;

Shearing Machine





and getalength and quality of wool that will bring the

highest price. The Stewart runs so easily a. child can

turn the handle while you shear. Extra profits soon .

pay for it. It’s the moat ortect hand operated shearing

machine over devised. as ball bearings In pmcg

every part where friction or wear occurs.

Has a. ball bearing shearing head of the latest 3 so

improved Stewart pattern, Price complete. _ ‘

including i combs and 4. cutters of the cele- <

bmted Stewart pattern, only . . . . . . . . . . . .



Got one from our dealer, or send 11902.00 and we

will ship 0.0.D. ortho balance. Money and trans-

portation chnrzes back it you one not pleased with it.





cmcnoo FLEXIBLE SHAF'I' COMPANY.

m We Ava omenoo, “muons _~





Write for FREE catalogue showing most complete

the of Sheep Shearing and Home Clipping Machines.





   

 





 





Maroon. Mule. and Cows





Stewart Ball Bearing

Gllppmg Machine





It's a valuable outfit that should

in every stable. Those who

know the horse beet have agreed

that to clip him at the proper

time improves him in every way.

He looks and feels better. does

more work, rests better and gets

more good from his 1!

Insist on having the "Stewart."

It’s the easiest to turn. does the





 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 





 

 

   





and is more durable than any

other oil ping machine mode.





Got one rom your

dealer. price only. ..... : m

or send us ”.00 and we .





will ship C. 0. D. for the

balance. nucleatio- puma-l.





   

 





   

 

 





 





 





 





   





 





 





 





   





l.
.-_..-..... ar-r-r-c-r < ..‘





.r "“ifi 'r‘ .. -





I...





.E. H. HOUGHTON.......





434—- 10





The Michigan. Farmer

' Established 1843.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 Con as St. West. Detroit. Michigan.

' mmrnonr: MAIN 4525.

New Your Ounce—41 Park Row.

nee Cruse—m First Nat'l. Bank Buildi .

annmn Orrrcn—mn-lms Oregon Ave.. N.





 





 





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE ............................ President

M. L. fiAWRENOE ..................... Vice-President.

E. H. OUGHTON ......................... .Bec.-Treas.

I. B. WATERBUBY .........



O. E. 0 ....... .. . . Associate

BURT WERMUTH. .. .. Editors.

ALTA-LAWSON LTTTELL....





 





. . .. Business Manager





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





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sponsible for mono sent in letters. Address all corn-

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inch. eaoh insertion. No adv't inserted for less than

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027‘ 0 letter , quack doctor or swindling advertise-

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Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Mich-

igan. postoflloe.





COPYRIGHT I9I3





by the Lawrence Pub. 00. All persons are warned

inst reprinting any portion of the contents of

t is issue without our written permission.





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN

FABMER immediatly upon expiration of time sub-

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DETROIT, APRIL 5, 1913.





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





 





 





 





 





As noted in the

Legislative Notes

published 1a 5 t

week, nearly all

of the proposed constitutional amend-

ments recently mentioned in these col-

umnsare to be submitted to the electors

of the state at the coming spring election.

Of those which have been mentioned only

one, that providing for the so—called short

ballot, failed to receive the required ap-

proval of both houses of the Legislature,

for submission at the forthcoming elec-

tion. Five prOposcd amendments will be

submitted, the sections of the present

constitution affected and the purport of

the proposed amendments, as officially

announced by the Secretary of State,





being as follows:



Section 1, of Article III, the effect of

which, if adopted. is to extend the right

to vote to every woman, a Citizen of the

United States and of the State of Mich-

igan, above the age of 21 years.



Section 2, of Article XVII, relative to

the initiative on Constitutional amend-

ments. This amendment, if adopted, will

give the qualified voters of this state the

right to propose amendments to the Con-

stitution by filing a petition with the

Secretary of State, signed by not less

than ten per cent of the legal voters of

this state.



Sections 1 and 19 of Article V. This

amendment. if adopted. will give the qual-

ified voters of this stave the right to

propose to the Legislature for enactment

into law legislative measures, resolutions

and laws, by filing a petition with the

Secretary of State. signed by at least

eight per cent of the legal voters; and

any such proposed law rejected by the

Legislature shall be submitted to the

people by the Secretary of State for ap-

proval or rejection at the next general

elcctiOn. This amendment also provides

for the referring of any act. section, or

part of any act of thc Legislature to the

pcople for approval or rejection at the

next general election by filing a petition

with the Secretary of State. signed by

five per cent of the qualified electors of

the state.



Section 14 of Article X. This amend-

ment, if adopted, will empower the Leg-

islature to provide for the relief, insuring

or pensioning of members of fire depart-

lnents.



Section 8 of Article III. The effect of

the proposed amendment will be to re-

quire the Legislature to enact into law

a provision for the recall of all elective

officers. except judges of courts of rec-

ord and courts of like jurisdiction upon.

petition of 25 per cent of the lawful vot—

crs of the state.





The first and most important of the

amendments abOVe noted has been so

long before the people of the state and

is so well underst‘ood by every Michigan

Farmer reader as to make comment su-

perfluous, other than to urge every voter

to give the proposition the attention it

merits on election day.



The second proposed amendment in the

order above given provides, in effect, for

a reduction of the number of petitioners

required for the submission of proposed

constitutional amendments. The present

constitutiori of Michigan, as framed by

the recent constitutional convention and





Proposed Constitutional

Amendments.





adopted by the people of the state, pro-

vides' for the initiative in constitutional

amendments by petition of 20 per cent of

the qualified voters of the state. This

proposed amendment would decrease the

number of petitioners required to 10 per

cent .of the‘ legal voters of the state.



The third of the proposed amendments

as above given is explained at sufficient

length in the announcement to give the

reader a clear idea of its purpose and in

a general way the propositiOn has been

given considerable publicity through its

adoption in some of the western states.

It is an important proposal and merits

the most careful consideration of every

voter. '



The fourth on the above list of pro-

posed amendments would make possible

the enactment of laws empowering local

fire departments to deduct a sum from

the wages of firemen for the purpose of

creating a fund to provide insurance or

pensions for injured or disabled fellow

employeS.



The last of the proposed amendments

in the above list is clearly explained in

the official announcement. ‘



It should be considered a duty by ev-

ery voter in the state to make a careful

study of these several propositions and

voice his opinion on them by voting the

ballots provided for the purpose. They

are even more important than the gen-

eral and local ballots at the same elec-

tion, since these are for officers elected

for brief terms, while those proposed

amendments will or will not be written

into the fundamental law of the state

to the weal or woe of the commonwealth.





Practically every farmer

The Township has sufiicient interest in

Meeting; the local election to get

out to the annual town-

ship meeting. A very large number,vhow-

ever. do not attach the importance which

they should to the business meeting

which is ordinarily conducted just after

the noon recess. At this meeting the re-

quired appropriations for the ensuing

year are made and the policy of the

township for the ensuing fiscal year is

shaped in many important ways. Perhaps

the innst important feature of the busi-

nesg which is transacted at this time is

the appropriations for highway purposes

and the election of overseers of highways.

Also other matters of importance are

decided at this time, such as the pay-

ment of bounties for the destruction of

predatory birds and animals within the

township. Often other propositions of

minOr importance come before this busi-

ness meeting of the electors of the town-

ship. These are certainly worthy of the

careful attention of every voter, but un-

fortunately it is often the case that a

very few more or less disinterested per-

sons, who live near the polling place, or

who have a personal object in attending

this session are left to discharge these

important duties.



Take, for example, the dissatisfaction

which has developed in many quarters

with the present highway law. and many

time; it can be traced _to the fact that

insufficient appropriations have been

made or there has not been sufficient dis-

cussion of the policy which should be

pursued for the maintenance and perma-

nent improvement of the highways within

the township to suitably guide the town-

ship officials in the discharge of their

duties in this connection in a manner

which will give the best of satisfaction.

Without the appropriation of sufficient

money no system can work out satisfac-

torily to all concerned, hence the import-

ance of giving the attention to this mat-

ter which itl merits.



As an example of what might be ac-

COmplished toward shaping the future

policy of the township in the important

matter of road improvement and mainte-

nance a small appropriation could be

made for the purchase and use of one or

more read drags or light scrapers of the

“King” type in order that the advan-

tages of the use of such an implement

might be demonstrated on different soils

in the township.



Likewise the various other propositions

which properly come before this meeting

are of sufficient importance to merit the

attention of the taxpayers and voters

within the township. The business ses-

sion of every township meeting should be

better attended and Michigan Farmer

readers can do their township no better

service than to bring about that desired

result at the coming township meeting.





The disastrous floods in



Transportation our sister states to the

Problems. south have contributed

‘ something to the public



knowledge with regard to Ohio’s canal





 





TH E MIC H I, G AN EA 1.13M E R,





systems, which werea factor in the' 38.-

ricuitural and commercial development of

that state. Probably. however, few Mich-

igan Farmer readers Were aware of the

existence of these canals. one of which

connects Lake Erie with the Miami river,

thus affording an avenue of transporta-

tion between the north and south during

the period of development of the country

thus traversed and before the railways

were develOped to an extent which af-

forded adequate transportation facilities.

Long disused. the very existence of these

canals has been practically forgotten by

the public outside of the immediate ter-

ritory which they traverse. Their de-

cadence is doubtless due principally to

economic reasons, such as the facility for

long distance transportation without the

tranrfer of freight from one vehicle to

ancther. ‘



Yet it is perhaps Well that public at-

teniion is called to this matter, since the

development of waterways has become

an important question in the problem of

modern transportation. It is true that

deeper waterways are required under

modern conditions, but in some cases, at

least, it has been considered profitable to

improve and deepen the old canals rather

than abandon them or allow them to fall

into disuse. New York, for instance, has

expended millions of dollars in deepening

the old Erie Canal within recent years,

an experiment which should go far to-

ward demonstrating the feasibility of

maintaining the inland waterways of the

country in condition to meet modern re-

quirements for transportation. ’



The proposition of a deep watlerway

from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi

has been repeatedly brought to the at-

tention of the public in recent years. and

although it is unfortunate that attention

to the already existing water route from

the lakes to tributaries of the Mississippi

should be called to public attention by

such a catastrophe as the recent floods,

yet the existence of such a waterway

and its relation to the solution of future

transportation problems is a matter of

interest to Michigan as well as Ohio

people and the future action of the latter

state with regard to this system and the

reservoirs which are its feeders and

which are in some reportssaid to have

been a contributing cause to the catas-

trophe, will be watched with much inter-

est. In this connection, however, reports

conflict, some apparently authoritative

statements being to the effect that these

large reservoirs did not break and thus

contribute to the severity of t’he floods.





In view of the fact that

Purchasers Are another publisher has

Protected. attacked the Michigan

Farmer for accepting ad-

vertising matter for a medicated stock

salt. on the ground that it is 95 per cent

common salt. we desire to call the read-

ers' attention to the fact that the man-

ufact‘urer of this article, which is adver-

tised in this issue, sells it on a 60 days’

trial offer, the purchaser to pay for it if

satisfied as to its beneficial effect on his

stock after using it for 60 days, and not

otherwise. When the purchaser is given

this opportunity to be his own judge of

the merits an advertised article before

paying for same. he is certainly fully pro-

tected. He is doubly protected under

the Michigan Farmer guarantee of fair

dealing on the part of its advertisers, to

say nothing of the recommendations of

reputable and well known stock breeders

and feeders, who are satisfied users of

the preparation.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





During the paSt two weeks there has

been great loss of life and property and

much suffering from floods in Ohio, In-

diana, West Virginia and Kentucky. An

unusually heavy fall of rain March 23

and 24 was the direct cause of the ter«

rible catastrophe. The loss of life can-

not be closely estimated. due to incom-

plete knowledge and a demoralized sys-

tem of communication. It is possible

that when the fatalities are all numbered

the total life loss may reach the thousand

mark. The belief is general that the es-

timates given through the press have

been too high. As to the loss of prop-

erty the opposite seems true, that writ-

ers have guessed under the actual dam-

age, rather than over. as property damage

new aggregates many millions of dollars

and with the rising of the Ohio and M15-

SISSlpDI rivers and the consequent de-

struction of things in their path, the to-

tal detriment to public and private Dos-

sessions will be incalculable. Dayton,

Columbus, Springfield, Indianapolis, Pitts.

burg” Wheeling. Parkersburg. Marietta,

Covington, Cincinnati, are among the cit-

les badlysflected by the floods. Dayton.

Ohio, perhaps suffered more than any

other city. the breaking of a levee along

the Miami river adding to the horror at

that place. The center.“ the: flood will





 





move down the. Ohio and along the His-

sissippl rivers this Week. Preparation, is





‘handle the situation.





- arms 5? ”13%





by. "the war department to



To, indicate the

problem; confronting the engineers and

troops one needs but note the report from

Parkersburg, W. Va, which states that

the water in the Ohio river at that point

Sunday was 58.9 feet high, or six feet

higher than ‘the record ,mark of 1884.

Fear of disease epidemic in the path of

the floods is exciting the anxiety of au~

thorities.



J. Pierpont Morgan, the great financier,

died in Rome, Italy, Monday. Mr. Mora-

gan had been ill for some time, his death

being due. however, to his inability to

take food and assimilate it. He literally

starved. Mr. Morgan was born at Hart-

ford, Conn, his father being a banker.

He was educated in Boston and at the

University of Goettingen. He went from

the university to a London banking house

and thence to New York, where after

nine years he became a competitor of J.

Gould and Fisk, and finally succeeded in

controlling the Albany & Susquehanna

Railroad. After this he became interest-

ed with the Vanderbilts, from which time

his position in American finances seemed

established. His wealth is estimated at

anywhere from $250,000,000 to $750,000,000.

His interests had been given over to as-





being made





sociates and he had practically retired





from business some time before his

death.





Three lives were lest at Ann Arbor.





March 30, when a canoe containing four





persons capsized, drowning three.





Carpenters, painters and decorators of

Detroit are preparing to submit a pro-

posal of an advance in wages. It is un-

derstood that, the contractors’ association

will probably not’ entertain the proposal

and will demand that the open shop pol-

icy be maintained.



The McBride bill authorizing the state

labor department to investigate vice con-

ditions in Michigan .has been reported

out by the committee, with recommenda-

tions that it be passed.



This week the Michigan legislative com-

mittee conducting the probe into the bus-

iness methods and conditions of the Pere





Marquette Railroad ls taking testimOny.





from President Zimmerman, of the Cln

cinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Road. '



On Monday the Interstate Commerce

Commission confirmed 7400, changes in

transcontinental railroad rates on com-

modities. While some of the‘ advances

passed by the railroad were allowed.

many others were ,cancelled. - ‘.



Last“ Monday the Michigan House of

Representatives. in committee of the

whole, agreed to. report» .Follette's .blll

prOViding for the licensing of commission

merchants handling farm produce.



The grand jury investigating the; police

graft scandal of New York city, is new

avtempting to trace the source of an al-

leged bribe fund of $25,000raised to keep

a patrolman, recently ,convicted of per-

jury, from making confession involving

superiOr officers. -



Five persons were iniin'ed last Sunday

night at Bagley, a place 20'miles north

of Menominee, when a limited train was

derailed, sending the engine, baggage and

mail coaches into the ditch. The wreck

was caused by a defective rail.



The Michigan Supreme Court has up-

held the constitutionality of the 15 per

cent clause of the primary law.



It is believed that the robbers who

took $300,000 in cash and gains from ~a.

New York city pawnship a week ago have

been captured in Milwaukee.



The simplified spelling board, in session

in New York city. has issued its fourth

list of words to appear in their new or—

thography. More than 1,000 words are

shortened or changed in spelling in this

new list. , '





 





HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY FAVORS

A DIVISION OF MARKETS.





 





\



At' their recent meeting the members

of the Michigan State Horticultural So-

ciety put themselves on record ‘as favor-

lng a division of markets in the depart-

ment of agriculture, by the adoption of

the following resolution:



Inasmuch as all farming classes realize

the need of a practical plan for market-

ing and distributing their products and

the consumers also are protesting against

the present expensiv’e methods that have

increased the cost of living, and



Inasmuch as an improvement of mar-

keting methods will only come as the

result of a. careful and exhaustive study

of the best methods now in use in this

and foreign countrieS, which investigation

can best be done by our national govern-

ment, .



Be it Resolved. That this society urge

our congressional representatives to sue-

mm by voice and vote. the proposed or-

ganization in the United States Depart-

ment of Agriculture, of a division of

markets.





 





ANOTHER IDEA ON THE DOG LAW.





 





As there has been some discussion of

late on the dog tax laws, as a. subscriber

to The Farmer I will make a few re-

marks on that line. As the dog is a do-

mesticated animal, the same as other

farm animals, I think he should be in-

cluded and assessed along with other

farm chattels, and the tax collector should

be given authority to cwithhold tax rec

ceipt until the tax is paid. In this way

the tax would be paid and would relieve

the shgriff of the unpleasant task of kill-

ing dogs. It would also stop the prac-

tice of hiding the dog until the assessor

leaves the neighborhood.



The money received for dog tans

should not be confined to paying for sheep

alone but should be extended to all farm





animals killed or injured by dogs, and, a.

portion should be sent to some ‘Pasteur‘

institute ‘wlthin the state to help out?

treatment!) meant 1: mafia” "

. . en 7. ,



Midhnd (Q . , J. 0“





those Moraine-tea .-that have





 





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O
LITERATURE *



POETRY ‘

HISTORY an?



INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





97w FARM BOY

(ma GIRL



SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is, written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





NE of the oddities of nature is

O that some of the wildest birds



show little judgment in nest

building, while the gentlest birds, stay-

ing much of the time around houses, ex-

hibit exceedingly good judgment in this

respect. The wild turkey is the wildest

of American game birds, but its nest is

simply a shallow hole in the ground, lin-

ed with a few leaves or with grass, very

often with but few bushes or other

growth screening it from view. The par-

tridge, which shows exceeding skill in

hiding in the grass and leaves from the

sight of man or boy, is most careless in

the choosing of its nesting place and in

the building of its nest. The blue jay

and the redbird are wild compared with

some others, and use good judgment in

ikeeping out of harm’s way themselves,

ibut build their nests and rear their young

lwith apparently no regard for the safety

of the nestlings. And while doves are

not as wild as partridges they cannot be





Careless N est“ Builders.





By ISAAC MoTEs:





song birds and game birds in the adja-

cent forests came to our orchard to feast.

Our orchard was the only one of any

size in the whole country, so our mul—

berry and plum trees drew hundreds of

these birds from the surrounding woods.

They made their homes permanently in

our locality, and many built nests in the

mulberry trees.



Every spring we saw dozens of birds of

different kinds gathering sticks, feathers,

moss and cotton with‘which to build

their neSts, for the mulberry trees be-

gan bearing earlywby the time some of

these birds commenced nesting. At night

and morning we were treated to sere—





nest is always in some inaccessible place





—in a small knothole in a tree or sap—

.ling, or a fence rail, or in the crack be-

tween two fence rails where they come

together at the corner, or in a deep, dark

knothole in a log in the wall of an old-

fashioned farmhouse. The bluebird, an-

other very small and tame bird, builds

its nest pretty much like the wren, only

higher from the ground and usually not

so near the house—at least not in a hole

in a log which forms a part of the dwell-

ing. _-



One would naturallv expect to find the

innocent, melancholy dove, with its meek,

inoffensive nature, very careful in the





the limb and fastening the ends to the

nest on either side. This nest is always

a very crude, shallow affair—so shallow

that the eggs could almost roll out—and





\ built of a few rough, coarse sticks, with





little lining. One would naturally expect

the dove to build its nest in a tree with

more care than on the ground, and es-

pecially deeper, but I saw no more evi—

dence of ‘care in the construction of nests

in mulberry trees than in those On top of

the corn rows. The nests Were so flat

that I am satisfied-the eggs were some-

times shaken out by strong winds, and I

know the young birds sometimes fell out,

for I have gathered them up many times

and put them back in the nest. If adove

built a nest low down on a limb, and

children or men got to coming near it

regularly. it would abandon the nest af-

ter the young birds were hatched, letting

them starve. I have also found doves’

nests on top of llat rails on rail fences,





in the hot sun, the nests made out of





 





 





 





 





 





A few Bird Houses in the Orchard or Garden are not only Appreciated by many of our Feathered Friends but Greatly assist in the Propagation and Preservation

of those Species which Frequently Suffer because of a Seeming Inherent Tendency to Carelessness in Nest Building.





classed with house wrens or house mar-

tins, yet the dove is also quite careless

in providing a safe place for the rearing

of its young.



It was my good fortune as a boy and

young man to live in environments spe-

cially favorable for the study of birds.

We bought land and opened up a farm in

the virgin forest where very little of the

surrounding country was in cultivation,

and with no neighbors within less than

two miles of us. We had been accus-

tomed to plenty of fruit in the east, so

one of the first things we did after com-

ing west and getting sufficient land clear-

ed was to set out young orchards of

peach, apple, plum and mulberry trees

surrounding our house. Immediately about

the house was 3. Yard of some three

acres, and this was set out with mul-

berry trees—several hundred of them—

and when the trees began to bear the





nades by the little feathered songsters

that were a delight to hear. It was the

last thing We heard ,in the evening, and

we awoke to the music of it in the morn-





ing. There were Virginia cardinals,

finches and warblers of various kinds,

sparrows, thrushes, doves, partridges,

blue jays, redbirds. wrens, bluebirds,





house martins, woodpeckers, blackbirds,

and in fact almost every bird common to

our southwestern woods, including many

which I never saw only hearing their

song or whistle-wand including many

migratory birds which stopped with us

a few days on their way north. So Ihad

a good opportunity to study the nesting

habits of many birds, the carelessness of

some and the painstaking care of others.



As a. rule, a large bird is more careless

about how and where it builds its nest

than a smaller one. The wren is one of

our smallest and tamest birds, yet its





 





selection of a place in which to rear its

young, and very careful about building

a snug nest, yet it is a careless bird in

these respects. The dove’s nest is often

built on the bare ground in corn fields or

cotton fields, more often in the former,

on top of the corn rows. The nest is

made of small rough sticks and scantily

lined with others but a shade smaller, or

perhaps with a few tufts of grass. Or

it may be merely a shallow hole wallow-

ed out in the dry, hard-baked ground.

The nest is very shallow, and has abso-

lutely nothing to protect it from snakes

and other enemies.



But I w0uld often find doves' nests in

the mulberry trees, built on the lowest

limbs, so low that I could reach up and

take the eggs if I were so minded. The

nest would generally be at the fork of

a horizontal limb, anchored to the limb

by passing small crooked sticks under



‘





not more than a dozen

sticks.

The blue jay is another bird uSing poor





judgment in the building of its nest. Its





coarse, rough





nest is only a degree less crude than that

of the dove. The jay always builds in a,

tree. In woods where the trees are tall





its nest is generally pretty high up, but

it often built in our mulberry trees, which

Were wide~spreading rather than tall.

Here the jays made their nests higher

up than the doves, in the forks of the

treeS, not on low horizontal limbs as did

the doves. The nest of the blue jay is

a little deeper than the dove’s nest, but

with this exception, there is little to

choose between them. I had seen blue

jays’ nests in the tall trees when smaller.

before our mulberry orchard got to hear-

ing, and it seemed to me that they were

made with a little more care in the oak

and hickory trees in the woods than in
new:





«untam- " '«v—w»yasrw~wv :





«A I...» w r g





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The wood frame work is well pro-

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lightning seldom damages such

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Our book “BETTER BUILDINGS" contains

plans, tables of weights, methods of applica-

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owner of bull 1133. Bend for a copy to-day. A

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Company,

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THE M I CH I on N; FA R‘M ER“





the more exposed positions in, the ‘mul-

berry trees.



I cannot help thinking that the birds

got careless in thei1 ‘nest- -building habits

after living in or near the orchard so

long. Perhaps they grew lazy and shift-

less, for the berries were so plentiful

that it was easy to get enough to eat

without exertion. They had nothing to

do but sit around and eat these berries,

which were of the “ever-bearing" variety,

ripening from May to September, while

in the natural forest they had to exert

themselves more. I cannot help think-

ing, too, that the song birds which visited

our orchard did not sing as much in mid-

Summer as in early spring, before the

berries began to ripen, and that they





"sang sweeter about the time the young





trees began to get large enough to bear

than in later years when they had gorgcd

themselves on the berries summer after

summer. I know some people are thus

affected when they never have to do any

work, and why not the birds? In the

Same way it is said that honey bees,

when taken to regions of perpetual sum-

mer, cease to lay up hOney for the win-

ters which never come. Anyway. I know

the blue jays built their nests nearer the





saw them do in the trees of the forest.

The redbird is also a careless builder,

though quite a wild bird. Its nest is

generally found in small bushes or sap-

lings, or along rail or brush fences. In

all my life I don’t think I have seen more

than a half dozen redbirds’ nests in tall

trees. The redbirds often visited the

mulberry trees, but generally they built

their nests in :1 strip of woods near the

orchard, in bushes or small saplings,

sometimes- in bushes so low that a cat

could have jumped to them from the

ground. “’hile the nest was in such an

exposed position, its construction was

considerably more artistic than doves‘

nests. and somewhat more so than blue

jays’ nests. though not equal to many of

the smaller,_ tamer birds in this respect.

The redbird’s nest is deeper than the

jay‘s, and lined with grass or feathers.

But the most. careless bird in the mat-

ter of nest building is the partridge. On

the north side of the mulberry orchard

was a strip of woods coming up to the

rail fence, and the partridges would come

out of these woods and eat mulberries





 





 





 





 





 





Buriey leaf is the best

pipe tobacco that

grows—but only a

small percentage of

Burley is good enough for

Velvet, 'thesmoothes’c tobacco”.





 

   

 





 





o \ 2-ounce





10¢





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off the ground. “'e did not cultivate the

ground, only keeping the grass and the

weeds down, and there was nothing to

obstruct'the .view under the trees, so we

could see the partridges from the house.

There were no woods near us except on

the north side, and the partridges entered

from this side, so they were plentiful in

this strip of timber. Here I found their

nests at different times, and while there

were plenty of good places for them to

have built in fallen tree tops. or in tall

grass and straw, or among bushes, briars

and grape vines, I more often found the

nest is some exposed place.



The partridge nest is generally a shal—

low hole in the dry ground under some

bush which half conceals it, and there

is not likely to be any grass or leaves or

small sticks in the nest at all. simply a

shallow hole in the bare ground. Perhaps

one reason for this is that the young

birds stay in the nest but a very short

time after hatching, for they are lively

little rascals and as soon as hatched they

get out and follow the old birds into the

brush. The eggs run from about ten to

eighteen in number if only one bird lays

in a nest. They are like a guinea's egg

in shape, one end somewhat pointed, the

other more blunt. They are white, but

with a faint cream tint.



Our house and poultry yard were near

the north side of the mulberry orchard,

and mother’s hens often made their nests

in the bushes out in these woods. The

partridges sometimes laid in the same

nests with the chickens, thus showing

how little they care for their nests. but

the small eggs generally got broken

among the larger eggs of the hens.



Partridges will also make their nests

together sometimes. I suppose one par-

tridge hatches out the eggs and takes

care of the whole brood. Perhaps the

partridges found life so easy in the spring

and summer near our mulberry orchard

that they, too, became little gormands

and grew careless in their nesting hab-

its. Certainly they didn’t exhibit the

cunning in nest building which they

showed in hiding from the farmer boy

with his shotgun and dog.



The most exposed partridge nest I ever

saw was in this strip of woods north of

lthe house. There was a little cow trail

lalong the woods some 20 feet from the

fence, a trail which I often followed. At

lone place a. large burnt log lay at right





ground in the mulberry trees than 1 ever





angles to the; path, the end towards the





path being'about 15 feet away. The'bark

had been burned off at some time when

the woods were on fire and, being dry

and somewhat rotten. this end had been

burned black. Thexunder side had been

more rotten than the top side, so it had

burned more on the under side, and the

upper part extended out farther towards

the path. The black under side slanted

downward to the ground, leaving the up-

per part overhanging perhaps 18 inches.



Underneath this black sloping end the

ground was level, bare of leaves and

grass, and of a grayish color. Here the

old partridge had made its nest in plain

view of anyone passing along the trail.

The ground being hard and dry, the old

bird had not made the hole deep. Vi'hen

I found it there were 22 eggs in the nest.

Two partridges must have been laying in

the meet, for the eggs were heaped up

above the surface of the ground, glisten-

ing white under the black, slanting end

of the log. making Such a contrast that

a blind man could almost have seen them.



RECORD APPETITES 0F HISTORY.

How the Good Things of Life Appealed



to Monarchs of Old.





 





. BY FRANK HEYWOOD.



Vi’hen one goes so far as to claim that

great men are great eaters, it may be

said that a careful scrutiny of the die-

tary habits of men of‘eminence do not

confirm this assertion, 1



But that some great men in the past,

and the “near great,’ have been stu-

pendous lovers of the joys of the festive

board. and inordinate lovers of the pro—

ducts of the most ingenious culinary art,

cannot be denied. Vi'e have the best

authority for the statement that the

chefs of these “potentates and lords"

had carte blanche for supplying the ta-

bles of their masters, and where money

is not to be considered it is simply a

question of the talent, ingenuity and

skill of the chef himself.



Perhaps one of the most noted bon vi-

vants of history was Charles V. There

is no gainsaying the assertions that he

was an Enormous eater. It is written of

him that he breakfasted at 5 O'clock on

a fowl secthed in milk and dressed with

sugar and spices. After this light re-

past he went to sleep again} At noon

he dined. partaking of something like

twenty different dishes of meat. He

supped twice. first soon after vespers and

again at midnight or later, which latter

meal was the most important one of the

day, consisting of many courses of meats

and savory compounded dishes, during

which his potations of ale and wines as

an irrigation feature were something to

think over as to the possibilities to hap-

pen later on. This monarch was a crank

0n sweetmeats and pastry, and the var-

ious creations of his kitchen and the

achievements at the table in this line

were incredible.



His stomach, which must have been a

,wonderful one, naturally could not stand

the continued assaults upon it forever,

and so after a forty-year campaign it

finally yielded to the inevitable and went

out of business altogether. Charles was

only 58 years of age when this happened,

and it is a. melancholy reflection that he

had just begun to live—as we reckon

lives today.



The love of pastry appears to have run

in this family of Hapsburgs. Phillip the

II, the historians tell us, ”looked habitu-

ally on the ground when he conversed,

was very morose and embarrassed in

manner as though suffering.” All the

trouble with Phil was he had chronic

dyspepsia. Anyone who has been simi-

larly afflicted will sympathize with him,

and not only not wonder that he kept

his eyes on the ground when be con-

versed. but that he made things very un—

comfortable around the house. And all

because of pastry. Of course, there was

no mince pie in Phillip’s day, but a man

who will order gooseberry tarts after an

eight-course dinner, lasting four hours—-

why, we have our opinion of him, and no

sympathy for him, whatever.



Frederick the Great was another chap

with a full-grown appetite. Though he

could and did dine on a. cup of chocolate

in war time, he was a star at the festive

board and could easily outodistance any

of the practiced royal circles of that day.

erabeau seems to have known some-

thing about this soldier's habits, for he

says:

twelve or fifteen dishes at dinner, not

mincingly either, all highly seasoned and

followed by pastries and sweetmeate, and

accompanied by five different kinds of

wine.

' great number of'cooked dishes were pro-





“The King eats every day, of.





At breakfast and sup-per, too. a





 





APRIL 5,1'918.





,1 .- RINK“





THE SUN DIAL.





Br 1.. at. 'rHonN-ro' ‘ N. ‘





“I record none but hours of sunshine."





I think sometimes, in life, I'd like to be

A sun-dial, standing straight and firm

and true

Half way between the tumult of the sea.

Andblthe far heaven, arching soft and

ue.

And all the while.

towers,

I’d only record keep of sunny hours.





in all my curves and





I like to think that storms would beat

about

My gead, and tempests lash me in the

ar

Yet whent at last they passed me, put to

IOU .

There should be left no slightest sign

or mark.

Since what availed their most malignant

' powers—

1d only 1ecord keep of sunny hours.





I like to think that enmity should fail

To touch me, or the cruelty of friends;

I like to think no sorrow could avail

01 leave despondency, since sorrow





ends.



130 memories sad, for grief that o’er me

lowers,



I‘d only record keep of sunny hours.





 





 





 





vided, including one of which he was

very fond, salted tongue and red pep-

pers. n .





No wonder Mirabeau exclaimed:

are at the last scene.”



The diet of some of those idiotic cranks

in the consumption Vof stuff was enough

to paralyze the best stomachs of the

twentieth century. Frederick’s illness

was, at the close, dropsy, indigestion, and

heart trouble. He died on the 17th of

August, 1786, after eating inordinately of

eel pies, peppered to excess, of which he

seemed to have difficulty in getting

enough. But he did.



William II was another of those mon-

archs who ate and drank too much for

their own good. He was reluctant to

leave the well supplied table, but sat for

hours, endeavoring to do justice to the

delicacies spread before him, and what

he didn't drink during this meal was not

on the menu at all.



Vi’e might have supposed that Napoleon

would have known better, but he did not.

He was just as voracious an eater as any

of them. It is charged up to him that

he lost the battle of Leipsic on account

of a shoulder of mutton stuffed with on-

ions, a favorite dish of the emperor, with

which be literally gorged himself, to the

extent that he miserably failed to handle

his army at the crucial hour. Napoleon

ate very rapidly and to this he oWed

much of the misery of his after hours.

His state dinners are said to have _end- .

ed in half an hour, to the great discom-

fiture of his more leisurely guests.



But Napolebn did not meddle with

wine, himself, though his cellars were

filled with the best vintages selected by

experts. In that melancholy voyage to

St. Helena he offended the English oifi~

cers by rising from the table before

drinking had fairly begun. One of these

prigs had the bad taste to comment, in

Napoleon's hearing: “The General has

evidently not studied manners in the

school of Lord Chesterfield.” Their idea.

of good breeding was, according to Ches-

terfield, to drink until one or all dropped

under the table.



Peter the Great was one who stood in

the front rank of heavy eaters and drink-

ers. Macauiey tells us that in 1698, when

Peter visited England, he astonished the

best of the great and famousldiners; the

quantities of beef and other meats that

he devoured, the innumerable quarts of

brandy that he swallowed, (which, by

the way, was liquor that had been dis-

tilled on_his own grounds and brought

along with him), were popular topics of

conversation for weeks.



Great, however, as was Peter, he found

a foeman worthy of his steel (and carv-

ing, knife) in the Roman Emperor, Max-

imia, who occupied the public eye for the

three or four years about A. D. 235. This

gentleman has the record for roast beef,

of which he is credited with 40 to 50 lbs.

in one day, at the same time washing it

down with six gallons of wine.



Of course, documentary proof is lack—

ing in these events, and the time at

which they occurred is somewhat remote

to undertake any research, so we do not

know whether the historians lied or not.

One thing, however, we may feel sure

of, that the Roman emperors numbered

in their ranks many a noble glutton.

Elasabuius is said to have favored pea.

cocke' tongueS. as a straight diet; also

nightingales’ tongues were much thought

0f. It might be said. in extennnflon of

these expensive leanings. that he did not

neglect the animals but had his lions and



(Continued 0n page-441); ‘ -





C‘We
VAPRIL5,1913. THE MICHIGAN FARMER 13—437





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The World’s Largest Builders of Six-Cylinder Automobiles.





 

 

 





 





 





   





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“54" Phaeton

Electric Selfr-Cranking

and Electrically Lighted





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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These Only Are the

Cars You Should Buy





While there are approximately 250 different makes of automobiles on the

American market, it is not so difficult to choose a car that will prove satisfactory. _____

Your neighbors tell you of their experiences. The dealers speak in highest :

terms of the cars they sell. You are appealed to from practically eve1y angle to a:

consider the advisability of this car and that car.





In all this there is apt to be much confusion as to what car can really be

trusted. Just hear these facts in mind in considering each car. It will save if





you much worry.





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1 E Consider the Importance All who buy HUDSON cars of Their reputation is staked on a __

2—; of the Dealer us have our interest so long as they “54” HUDSON. ::

The choice of which car is, of own a HUDSON. We are more





course, important. What it has interested in the performance of the That Isa asufficient guarantee for

, done, who builds it, the manufac- car after it is sold, than in the {sale most buyers.





turer’s position in the industry and itself. ’ . '

the character of the car itself 1s not That policy is established by HUDSONS don t disappomt.





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E difficult t0 ascertaln. the Hudson Motor Car Co. The “54” HUDSON has elec-

E YOu probably have a pretty h u n tric lights. It is electrically self-

;2; definite idea now as to which car. And HVLYDéOaN 54 cranked The famous D9100 SW‘

23%: Have you considered just how , . . tem patented, is used Every

E: the dealer is to be figured in the Motorlsts who know see 1n 1t motor car luxury is included,





the qualities which only Howard speedometer, clock, top, curtains,

E. Coffin and his associates—48 rain-vision windshield, demount-

all told—were able to build into it. able 1ims, twelve- inch upholstery,





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transaction?

He is the point of contact be-

tween you and the maker, your





 





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* gg relatlon w1th h1m IS bound to be y . P . Ph b d



5—; b erel addln two 0 hnders to senger aeton 0 Y 01' a tWO’



i—lE more or less personal. y m y g y passenger Roadster the price is





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The finest roduct of the best a goqd Four. A 800d SIX can’t

builders can nIbt be as satisfactory be bullt that way. $2450

a car for you to own, if its dealer These 48 specialists, experienced At $1875 you can obtain the

does not display the spirit of in- in all the details of motor car HUDSON “37.»

terest after you have bought, as it building, trained in 97 European ‘ .

would were the dealer all that he and American factories, started out It, too, was designed by the

should be. From those who have to build a Six without being ham- same engineers that built the “54.”

had dealings with him you can get pared by old manufacturing equip- Experts point to it as being the

a pretty accurate line on the dealer. ment and old ideals. “F our-cyllnder masterplece.’





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Send for catalog, or go to the Hudson dealer, and he will prove their

value in a hundred different ways.





See the Triangle on the Radiator.





Hudson Motor Car Company





7653 Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Michigan.





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“Olympic” ~31500

85 H. P. four-cylinder tom-ingeni- completely

unzipped. Electric starter an lights an op-

tio , atan extra cost of $226.





Soundness and strength you must

have in your car, if it is to prove

a real investment.





Comfort you must have, if the fam-

ily is to get the greatest possible

pleasure out of the car.





We believe the Jackson offers the

best combinationof both to be

found among cars of similar type.





You have long known the Jackson

to be a thoroughly comfortable

car; and you are doubtless ac-

quainted with its reputation for

service in country use.





It is because of its ability to stand

up in such use that the Jackson

has won a favored place among

farmers.



In many instances, Jackson cars

have seen three, four and even

five years of service on the farm

and over country roads.





JACKSON AUTOMOBILE COMPANY,





Mum - ._______ ._. __.__~__._n__ as .





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‘ "Majestic” (mu.mted)— $1975

‘5 H. P. four-cylinder tourin





3 car, completely nipped

and fitted with elect: e“





w starter and lights.





N at Comfort or Sturdiness

alone, but the most of both





4 1460 E. Main St.,





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A hundred canoes, each containing its

full complement of armed natives, tossed

and danced upon the waters of the little

half-moon bay; while other hundreds of

battle-eager savages, yelling like fiends,

brandishing spears and sending flights of

arrows in the direction of the ship, raced

up and down the sandy beach.



“Looks squally, Emerson, eh?” com—

mented the Captain.



“Well, it’s not exactly. like meeting us

with bands and carriages,” dryly re-

marked the trader. a square-jawed, ath-

letic young man, without taking down

his binoculars. .



“What's to be done?" the Captain

wanted to know. “You’re the whole thing

now, and A. Crawford & Company, you

know, like Lord Nelson said of England,

expects every man to do his duty.”



“Nothing’s to be done," said Emerson,





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"Sult-nic”-$2650

65 RP. six-cylinder touring ear, seven-passen- ,

ca, oompletelwuig and fitted with electric

m and he . ive-pouenger. $2600.





 

 

 

 





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head and turning to the Captain. “A

fight is the one thing to be avoided.

’ There are two kinds of natives you can’t

get any cocoanuts out of—dead ones and

enemies. Some way we've got to show

these people—” and the trading com-

pany’s representative waved his arm to-

ward the shore—“that we’re here as

friends and on the square. It looks like

a waiting game.”



"I wish,” said the Captain, “that we

had that rascally Frenchman here that

stirred up all this rumpus by robbing the

Kirig’s tomato can and making love to

his favorite wife. VVe‘d hang him here

on deck as a peace offering, and take

chances on getting called to book for it

later on.”



“Yes,” grimly returned the trader.

“and if wishes were horses—holy.snakes!

They’re getting ready to charge us. Give

’em a blank shell, Captain, just as a les—

son in good manners.”



The little three-pound muzzle loader,

the only armament the ship boasted, was

quickly trained on the approaching ca-

noes and its spiteful bark :lnd tongue of

flame shot out over the lazy waters, stop-

ping the hostile advance and sending the

. canoes scurrying back toward the shore.



It was indeed, as Emerson had said, a

waiting game. The iSIanders, while or-

dinarily friendly, had been bilked so often

by unscrupulous whites that it had be—





 





And it is on such roads that its com-

fort features are most appreciated.





Between you and the ruts are not

only seat cushions ten inches

thick but four elliptic springs—

anid you know how easily they

r: 8.





With long wheelbaoeo and large

wheels, the easy riding is made

more pronounced; and the gen-

erous room inside the car is a

feature not to be overlooked.





On your own judgment will depend

pretty largely your satisfaction ‘

With the way your car rides and

runs.





50 you should not neglect to post

yourself.





Do this in the case of the Jackson

by writing for the catalog and the

name of the dealer who can give

you a demonstration.





JACKSON, MlCll.





 

   

   





 





   

   

 





 

 

   

   

   





 

 





 





 





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come almost impossible for an honest





 





 





dealer to do business with them, the re-





 





cent episode above referred to having





 





 





 





<





Be Paint Wise this Spring





This means protect and beautify your home

by painting, and prolong that protection and

decoration for the longest possible time by

using the right paint, one that starts its

service by staying tight and strong through

all kinds of weather—and gives the same

good service for several years.



Such a paint is Sherwin-Williams

Paint, Prepared, S WP. That is the

decision of the largest number of people

buying anyone brand of paint. It is made

of pure lead, pure zinc and pure linseed

oil, combined with the necessary driers





(Sure WIN-WILLIA us





it“ ) ..

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driven them to the point of frenzy.



But young Emerson was not a quitter.

He could not afford to give up, even if

so inclined. With the trading schooner,

“Golden “"est,” laden with a cargo of

miscellaneous merchandise. he had been

commissioned and sent out by A. Craw-

ford & Company, merchants of San Fran-

ciseo, to establish a permanent trading

post on the Island of Apamama, the larg—

est of one of the numerous island groups

lying along the equator in the mid-Pa-

cific. It was the policy of the company

to be absolutely honest‘and square with

the natives; giving them full equivalent

in American goods for their cocoanuts,

bananas and other island products. Ob-

viously, on no other basis could there be

hope of a permanent business. To this

end their representative had been given

explicit instructions.



Hence the situation said representative

faced. He was young for so responsible

a mission; the Venture was an expensive

one for the company; and to force a land-

ing with rifleS, or to tamely turn about

and return to San Francisco. would in

either case spell heavy loss for the com-

pany and practical ruin for himself.



But the outlook was discouraging. In

vain the white men tried to convince the

irate natives of their peaceful designs.

All to no purpose. They held up empty





the Sherwin-Williams Paints andVamishes hands, folded their arms, and exhibited

made for various purposes about the gall-V colored blankets and calicos. _

farm, outside and in. Sold by dealers The“? W35. at least, plenty 0f “”13

everywhere. and time itself might solve the problem.

Send for our free booklet, "pm“ “.1 So the Golden \l'est dropped her anchors,

: . 2""?1‘2‘ tor ting-int?" Ittellsamgstin- banked her fires and waited. The native



litiirfignggnsdcirvl’iihhplaintfitffigggbll'sdffi‘e‘giii humor might change, or something un-

purposes, as well as why and how. foreseen might happen.



The days and nights passed with little

change—days of furnace heat and nights

of fragrant land breezes and vast silence

under the star-lit, tropic sky as civilized

and savage watched each other from ship

and shore.



On the fourth day the unforeseen hap-





 





 





 





 





 





 





and coloring matter. It is thoroughly ground

and mixed and put up in sealed cans, full

U. S. standard measure. SWP not only

covers the largest possible surface but also

lasts for the longest time. It is just one of





l" INTS’ a VARNISHE;





“dealers everywhere. Address all inquiriestolhe sherwln-Wllllanis 00..“90anal Rd..CIeveland. . whale. It was 3130‘“ mid—day when Em-





erson, from the bridge of the Golden

West, was watching a number of canoes





 





When writing advertiser-é please. mention TheMichigan Farmer lapparently trying to approach the ship





/





resting his binoculars on a stanchion-





APRIL 5, 19:13.. .. ,





_ Thmeg Tm.





‘ 'By WM. A. COREY.





by a flank movement. Carefully keeping

out of rifle range they circled far to the

south and well outinto the bay. Suddenly

Emerson saw, near the canoes and be-

tween them and the shore, the spout of

a. whale and a terrific disturbance in the

water. '



Instantly the attention of the native

seamen was diverted from the Ship to

the whale. In the same moment several

canoes 'were upset by the great waves

from the whale's heaving sides and lash-

ing tail and their crews thrown into the

water.



Quick as In flash the trader saw his

opportunity. Could he save the lives of

some of the natives and thereby gain the

friendship of all? Orders were vduickly

given; a. launch was lowered and very

soon a crew of picked men, with the

trader at their head, was speeding to-

ward the imperiled natives. It was a

dangerous undertaking, for the Whale

was liable to do to the launch what it

had already done to the canoes.



But the game was worth the effort and

the white men were soon in the midst

of the swirling mass of waves, struggling

natives and canoes. And they were none

too soon, for the natiVe boatmen, expert

swimmers though they were, would have

been drowned but for the timely aid. As

it was, a number of them were lost, and

one Emerson took to be their leader was

sinking for the last time when he was

grasped by the hair of the head and fin-

ally dragged into the boat.



Like an intuitiOn it came to Emerson

that this leader, just rescued, was not

a subordinate but the island king him-

self, which intuition was confirmed by

the other natives, who by signs gave him





so to understand. This was surely goOd '





fortune, though they were not yet out of

danger and the nearly drowned king was

yet to be gotten to the ship and revived.



The effect of this drama upon the na-

tives on shore was instantaneous. They

had seen their king threatened by the

whale and then rescued from that dan—

ger only, as they supposed, to go to his

death on the deck of the white man's

ship. They redouybled their warlike

demonstrations, leaping up and down,

yelling and throwing spears and shooting-

arrows, while those in the boats came so

near the ship that again the cannon had

to be trained on them while the half-

drowned king was being worked over and

brought back to life.



But a change soon came over the face

of things when the king, after being re-

vived and convinced that he was not to

be murdered, himself signaled to his peo-

ple to lay down their arms.



The magic kindness had worked a

miracle with these simple, impulsive na-

tlvcs, and peace at once opened the way

for business. The canoes surrounded the

ship and the native oarsmen clambered

up the sides and swarmed on deck where

they and their king, whose name was

Timbanouk, humbled themselves before

the white men and expressed in every

possible way their gratitude.



The Yankee trader was quick to seize

upon the psychological moment to spring

the purp05e of his visit. “I come," he

said, "to make trade with you,” indicat-

ing the goods in the ship's hold. And he

made it as plain as signs and the little

English they understood admitted, that

they could best show their gratitude by

appointing a day for trade.



This was readily agreed to and the

second day following was duly appointed

as market day.



It was a day of days. King Tamba-

nouk, decked out in his kingly regalia. of

bead and shell ornaments, was early on

the scene, his canoe of state being rowed

by six of his wives, and bringing with

him as a. present to the white trader a.

sleeping mattreSs of beautifully woven

cocoanut fiber.



The aged king, as was proper, set the

pace by buying whatever of the ship’s

stock that took his fancy, the common

herd keeping as near to it as their indi—

vidual stocks of cocoanuts would permit.

They bought everything from hewgaws

and trinkets to self-heating flatirons and

sewing machines. The idea of utility was

farthest from their simple minds.



The market day passed off satisfactor-

ily and the next day, having received the

king’s permission to establish a. perma-

nent trading post on shore, Emerson sup-

erintended the erection of a rude struc-

ture of lumber carried on the ship for

that purpose.



'Bhen came the stocking of the little
. gait . .‘A'i v,





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





‘ ’ APRIL 5, '1913.





store from the cargo, after which the

she ship made a short cruise, touching

at two or three other islands whilelEm-

erson remained at the main post.



The main object of the enterprise hav—

ing been established, the Golden West,

well laden with bananas and cocoanuts’,

turned her prow once more toward San

Francisco to re-stock, leaving the young

drummer behind to promote trade and

await the second cargo.



Friendly as were the natives, young

Emerson fully realized the seriousness

of his position as the ship steamed out

of the island harbor and slipped over the

horizon. He was the only white man in

hundreds of miles of island-dotted sea

and surrounded by thOusands of natives

who, while friendly enough for the time,

might change their whim at any mo-

ment. It was a situation calling not only

for personal courage but for patience and

tact of the highest order.





Emerson’s strong hold upon the situa-

tion was his “stand in” with King Tim-

banouk. He had saved the aged king’s

life. And that the latter’s gratitude was

real and not feigned was perfectly evi-

dent. Timbanouk seemed to take his in-

genuity to devise ways of showing the

write trader consideration. Emerson was

thanked so effusively and repeatedly that

it became a nuisance and he secretly

wished the king would “forget it.” He

was shown hospitality so lavish that it

was embarrassing. He was wined and

dined in the king’s bamboo baliwick and,

figuratively, given the keys to the whole

island realm. He was waited upon by

the king’s own chef and body servants

and urged, by signs and lame English,

that if he saw anything he wanted to

take it.



Of all this royal favor the shrewd

Yankee trader was quick to take advan-

tage. The practical side appealed to him

rather than the sentimental or humorous.

It brought him trade. “'hile basking in

the court favor he was dealing out Am-

erican goods and storing cocoanuts

against the ship’s return.



But the ultimate act of gratitude, the

one which finally led the trade into trou-

bled waters, came the second week after

the Golden VVest’s departure. Emerson

was sent for one morning and astonished

with the information that he was to be

crowned king, or rather, joint king, of

the Apamamans. ”Me getting too old to

rule,” explained Timban‘ouk. “Me getting

too fat to get around and see after

things. Also me sick man. White man

rule for Timbanouk. Native people call

white man Timitan, the White King. Is

it so?”



Emerson demurred. This was the

proverbial too much of a good thing. Be-

sides, he scented danger. These simple

island children were, after all, human

and he hardly liked the idea of risking

his neck and his company’s interests by

mixing up in their iSland affairs. He had

no hankering for the fierce lights which

beat upon that particular throne. So he

declined, though he tried to do so tact-

fully.



He explained to Timbanouk that he

appreciated the great honor, etc., etc.,

etc., but that he couldn‘t think of‘accept-

ing. He Was modest. lie was a simple

trading man and he had no training for

kingly duties. He would serve the king

in any way possible but he preferred to

do so unofficially.



But the old king was obdurate and

Emerson soon saw that the line of least

reSistance was to accept the Prime Min-

istership and trust to tact and good for-

tune to carry him through whatever

complications might arise. So a council

of state was called and, to the accom-

paniment of b:1rbaric music and cere-

mony, the American drummer was crown-

ed with the kingly crown—an elaborate

affair of wild boar’s teeth and woven

beads and shells. '



The power which Timbanouk had thus

put into the hands of his deputy were

really large. The white king, as the real

king’s chief adviser and active agent,

could do practically as he pleased. And

that he used this power, dangerous

though it was, to advance his company’s

intereSts, goes without saying.



An excellent opportunity to use this

power came soon after his “coronation.”

A rival trading ship, a German, entered

the harbor one day, dropped anchor and

signalled the natives for a conference.

They, like the American, had come to

“make trade.”



It was quickly put up to the white

king whether they should fight the new-

comer or trade with him. “Trade by all

means,” said the new king, who was not

looking for trouble, especially as he felt

confident he-could manipulate matters

so as to keep the bulk of the business in





THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER





 





 





 





N o-Rz’m-CutTires

1 0 % Oversize





 





 





differing with type

$2.90 per tire.





stating of profit.





puts into it.





cost, yet the cost per mile

greater.





crease factory profit, but t

skimping shows up in your t

bills.



Your object and ours is the 10

est cost per mile.

way to show you that you get





profit, perhaps.

Low Making Cost





largest tire builders.

this year will doubtless reach $4

000,000. Yet our capi-

tal is only $10,000,000,





But the worth of a tire depends,

in large part, to what the maker





Tires may be skimped to in-





And the best





in Goodyears is to tell you our





"‘3' We are by long odds the world’s

Our sales





1





Our Average Profit





$2.90 Per Tire





and treads.





Judge for yourself if any tire in

the world can offer you greater

value.





Note the Result





is That’s how we give you the

uttermost mileage for as little as

lesser tires cost.



That‘s how, at our price, you

get tires that can’t rim cut—tires

10 per cent over the rated size.



These two features alone. on le—

gions of cars, have cut tire bills

it right in two.



And that is how Goodyears have

come to outsell every other tire in

existence.





2,000,000 Sold





Men have put into use, on hun-

dreds of thousands of tires, two

million Goodyear tires.





Tires may be made at half our





he

ire





w—





0,-





Goodyear tires sell all the wayfrom $15.55 to $104.95, accord? .

ing to size and type. ‘

The most popular type—34x4—costs from $32.95 to $37.90,

And our average profit last year on all these tires was exactly





Why We Tell You





This is something unusual—this





Legions of these cars have odomJ





eters. .Tire mileage has been

closely watched. On countless

cars. I‘l\'le tires have been com—





pared with ours.



Two million Goodyears have

been tested in these ways—1n ways

that can’t mislead.



And this is the result:



Goodyear tires rule Tircdom.



No other tire compares With them

11’] sales.

‘ As men know them better sales

double over and over. Last year’s

sale exceeded our previous 12

years put together.





 





Now you know. as we know,

that your results won't differ from

the rest.



\l'hat thcsc tires have proved,

two million times over, they are



bound to prove to





 





and we have no bond-

ed debt.



»- ’l‘hat is whya small

profit per tire pays us

fair returns.



- Our mammoth out-

put and modern meth-

ods bring ma king cost

down to the mini-

mum. Thus most of

our cost goes into

materials—into things

that count.





 





 

   





Goo [ET AR





AKRON, OHIO





No-Rim-Cut Tires





With or Without Non-Skid Treads





you.



If you want tires

that can’t rimmut—

oversize tires ~— tires

that cut upkeep down

to the minimum~iu-

sist on Goodyear No-

Rim—Cut tires. It is

time you found them

out.





 





Write for the Goodyear

Tire Book—14th-year edi-

tion. It tells all known





 





 





a,» .





 





 





t





Branches in 103 Principal Cities





ways to economize on tires.





V‘ ‘THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO





More Service Stations Than Any Other Tire

We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits





Main Canadian Office, Toronto. Ont—Canadian Factory, Bowmanville. Ont.





 





 





 





Elkhart Vehicles and Harness





V

have a world-wide reputation for high quality

and our prices have made them famous.





experience selling to the consumer means success.

We ship for examination, guaranteeing safe



delivery, satisfaction and to save you money.

Catalog shows all styles of pleasure vehi-





cles and harness, pony vehicles and har-

ness. spring wagons, delivery wagons

and harness.



May we send you large catalog?

We also make the "Pratt’ ' Automobiles.





Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Company

Elkhart, Indiana





 

 





F ORTY YEARS





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Get a Good Scale—





A. FAIRBANK





Apply the same reasoning to a scale p

chase that you do in the selection

other farm machinery.





Good machin-

ery is always cheapest in the long run.





 

 





S





ur-

of





 

 





 

 





3:31; A





1 4 '3 r i

m





'a





 





 





A cheap scale may weigh correctly at

first but may soon become unreliable.

In a Fairbanks you have a scale for





 





all time. And there is absolutely no question about Its accuracy. That's why Fair-





banks Scales TODAY weigh 75% ofthe commerce ofthe world.





spent their entire lives in making scales.

never been questioned.





Built by men who have





Guaranteed by a firm whose integrity has

Write today for Scale (Datum No. SK 601





Fairbanks, Morse & Cache“.





describing farm scales.





Detroit





on and “saline Englnes. on Tractors. Pun”. Vlaier Systems Electtlc light Plants. Vllml mils. Feed Grinders





 





 





.. h [I]: ~ 'V\ ..

f. "" “f,





4‘





EASY SAWING





Do the job iust as easily as possible.





Sawmg wood is





. _ mdgery. unless you do

it With power.





The easy way is with a

3 h.p. Rumely-Olds Engine





.This engine is the farmer's righlhand.

it s reliable and built or service. You

can load any kind of work on it. There

isn t a weak spot in it. inquire all about

it from us. We will gladly tell you and

tell you how to rig it to a





Rumely Saw Rig





and make your sawing easy This outfit

will handle your work with case and sat-

isfaction. We ave all sizes of

RUMELY-QLDS Engines and a new rig

to fit every Size. Look into the possibili-

ties of this engine. See if you can’t find

a hundred uses for it besides sawing.

hen you. write we'll tell you a lot of

uses for this engine, you'll find others.





61;]: for Data—Boole, No. 369, on the anely-





ngine and information about our saw





rigs. Ask the name





of our mam! dealer.





RUMELY PRODUCTS CO.

(incorporated)

PoweroFarming filachinery

Battle Creek. Mich.

Home Office: LaPorte. Ind.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





¥ 561
‘_"‘f""7'.7~ Newmwugfafi—rac‘

,.V_,.‘ _3 <.,_‘ ‘.





 





 





You men who drive?

in the country





UNITED STATES

TIRES ’





will cut down your

tire bills





The average mileage yielded today by United

States Tires is from 25 to 50 per cent greater

than that given by any make of tires previous

to the formation of the United "States Tire-

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Our own records prove this.





Every unprejudiced dealer in the

will admit it.





Ask your friends who are using United States

Tires, how much more mileage they are get-

tlng now than they were getting in 1910.





Two years ago we predicted that concentrat-

ing the efforts and facilities of four of the

world’s most modern tire making plants, on

the making of one line of tires, would result

in the most radical reduction in tire expense

ever known to the industry.





We have made good our prediction.





United States Tires have today come to be

everywhere acknowledged as





America’s Predominant Egg





The simple reason back of it is this—they

have cut down tire bills.





UNITED STATES TIRE COMPANY

NEW YORK





 

   

   

   

   

   





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THE MICHIGAN'F‘ARMER'





   





 





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They‘ll look good to you after you buy them—

these Century Boots. What awarm, dry welcome

your feet will got 1 There’s alot of unseen value

in Century boots that is genuine foot comfort.

They are made of long wearing rubber from

heel to pull straps ; strength ened_ and teln‘

forced at every possible point. Foresxght in our





v





\<

i

\‘





CENTURY RUBBER BOOT





that we challenge any maker to excel

it. This interests you-‘—it convinces

you that when a Century protects your

feet it is also protecting your pocket- .

book. The ”Kolrib” is the same boot ‘

with ribs on top and extrareinforced ankle. are tigers for

wear. Snag~defying pure gum soles and heels; toe and Sides of

best rubber and strong duck make them battleship boots for

wear in damp. wet situations. Remember they embrace

"all" that you hope for in rubber boots. Look for the“Cross".

If your dealer hasn’t them, write us his name and we'll

see that you‘re supplied. Write for booklet No. 12 .

Beacon F alls Rubber Shoe Co., Beacon Falls. Ct.

NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON

106 Duane St. 306 W. Monroe St. 241 Cong. 8t.





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\ 'i'o adv-Hing!“ buincudmka new friends and introduce our catalogue oillgin

._ Watch“ Va will land this clegnntvntob by mail post paid for % h! 98



, CE "TS. Gentleman’s sin-Juli nickel Illver plated cue, An in ,- ,lwcr

“pennant, chm Indium an a nicer Makeup-:- and fully much-d

ms ”mud “button-ilk .Ind ranch vill'bclcnt b recur-mall

Bud-hence boil or money rchndcd. BondBBc . Addre-





' chmmsToo. 538 So. bourbon 3t; CHICAGO.

When Writind to advertisers mention tho Michigan Former. '





 

   





 





‘





his own, hands. So the new arrivals were

received and a. market day appointed.



To the surprise and-disgust of the Ger-

man, the American trader was present

at the bargaining, ostensibly as a disin-

terested spectator. On the latter’s shrewd

advice 8. new method was adopted at this

fair. While as many of Tlmbanouk's sub~

jects as cared to were allowed to be

present on the deck of the German ship

to see and hear—and require watching—-

they, individually, were to buy nothing.

King Timbanouk was himself to do all

the buying—or bartering—for the island.

Also it was understood between Timltan

and Timbanouk that the latter should

only buy on the advice of the former.

They also agreed upon a secret Sign code

to be used. It was a very simple one.

When a given sample was brought be-

fore Timbanouk, it was to be put up to

the chief adviser Whether to buy or re-

fuse. If the royal deputy looked directly

at the article there was to be “nothing

doing." If he turned his back and look-

ed the other way, ”all right, buy if you

like.” It was all to be very secret. Em-

erson had no desire to be thrown over

the side of the German ship for interfer-

ing with their business.



These carefully laid plans were skill~

fully carried out. Old Timbanouk, after

being rowed to the ship by a crew of

his wives, was hoisted, wheezing and

panting, to the deck. Here, seated in a

deck chair, with such dignity as he could

muster, the king solemnly examined such

articles as were brought before him but

all the time keeping his first assistant

within range of the corner of his eye.





Quite naturally the king's handy man

shaped his code signals to accord with

his mental inventory of the stock in trade

in the trading post on shore. If an arti-

clie of which there was none in stock on

shore was brought. out the signal was.

“Buy." If the article displayed was al-

ready in stock on shore the tip was, “No

buy." Likewise if firearms or liquor were

brought out the dope sheet read, “No

buy;” while if limburger cheese was

shown, the Yankee trader was looking

intently at something else»“Buy if you

like”——he carried none of it in his own

stock. ‘



The sale passed off smoothly. The

Germans got rid of considerable stuff and,

us they suspected no collusion, and as

the American had lost nothing by com-

petition, all was well.



The tactful young trader had met and

mastered one difficult situation and if old

Timbanouk had lived on indefinitely, or

at least until the next visit of the Golden

“'est, he perhaps would have had no

other to meet. But, as ill luck would

have it, the very next week {he old king

sent for his prime minister and an~

nounced himself as very ill. He had. in

fact, a premonition of death and, sitting

in the sun in front of his bamboo palace,

Timbzinouk put his bejeweled old hand

on Emerson’s arm and said: “When

Timbanouk die, Timitan be king.”





Emerson involuntarily glanced seaward,

longing for sight of the Golden \Vest.

though he knew she could not arrive un-

der two or three weeks. He liked fame

and preferment, but the present pace was

a trifle too rapid. He haul his premoni-

tions also~premonitions of disaster. He

knew that human nature is much the

same, whether in Apamama or in San

Francisco. And he well knew that to at-

tempt to rule the little island kingdom

as their real king“ would be very different

from simply acting under the patronage.

or on the authority of, the senile old

Timbanouk.



So Emerson thanked the old man ef-

fusively but, with assumed modesty, de-

clined the honor, at the same time trying

to reassure Timbanouk as to his health.

But all his diplomatic sidestepping avail-

ed nothing and, to avoid offending the

old monarch, he consented to the “slate,"

though fondly wishing the old man many

lengthening years.



But the voice that had whispered in

the old king’s car had not deceived him,

for the very next week he died, telling

his people, from his dying couch, that he

had appointed Timitan to succeed him

as king. And there was nothing left for

EmerSOn to do but, promptly and with-

out show of hesitancy, to accept the un-

welcome responsibility.



This he did. But Timbanouk had hard-

ly been buried, with barbaric pomp and

ceremony, when, as his white successor

feared, there were mu‘tterings of disloy-

alty. It became at once plain that the

island inhabitants were 3; going to

peacefully submit to a. forei ruler. They

believed in Apamama for the Apama-

mans. It was but natural and Emerson

could hardly blame them. - But what was

he to dc? He had been the favored pro-





 





 





 





 





 





APRIL 5. 1513.





A'FLY r0 PIECES *'





The Biiect‘ of cotton on Highly Organized.

People. ‘





“I have been-a coffee user for years.

and aboat two years ago got into a very





 





serious condition of dyspepsia and ill--





digestion. It seemed to me I would fly

to pieces. I was so nervous that at ‘the

least noise I was distressed, and many

times could not straighten myself up be-

cause of the pain.”



Tea is just as injurious, because it

contains caffeine, the same drug found in

coffee.



“My physician told me I must not eat

any heavy or strong food and ordered a

diet, giving me some medicine. I fol-

lowed directions carefully. but kept on

using coffee and did not get any better.



“Lust winter my husband, who was

away on buSiness, had Postum served

to him in the family where he boarded.

He liked it so well that when he

came home he brought some with him.

“'e began using it and I found it most

excellent.



“While I drank it my stomach never

bothered me in the least. and I got

over my nervous troubles. When the

Postum was gene we returned to cof-

fee, then my stomach begun to hurt me

as before and the nervous conditions

came on again.



“That showed me exactly what was

the cause of the whole trouble, 5.0 I quit

drinking coffee altogether and kept on

using Postum. The old troubles left

again and have never returned.”



"There‘s a reason." and it is explained

in the little book, “The Road to “'ell-

ville," in pkgs.





Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. The are genuine, true.

and full of uman interest. .,





 





 





[You shut out all the rain when

you button a





FISH BRAND REFLEX

SLICKER





This design shown you why.





\Teo

J "





 





 





0





See those edges turned back. or Re-

flexed? When the" Reflex Slicker is

buttoned they catch all the water that

runs in at the front and conduct it to

the bottom.



Sold everywhere at $3.00





mWER’S





SATISFACTION

GUARANTEED





s A. J. TOWER co.

3 BOSTON





Tower Canadian Limited





TRIAD:





 





 





IISH Bram“





oronto 5 l3





 





 





Other Mat ipi





(Wholesale Ices



' Brings Hot Water Heating within the

reach of eve e. An all steel, ect-

I_y constructed boiler. Re uires no clear;-

tng-Jumpu“ coal or tug. Heatsqtuck-



ly, economics y. Write for our bill



72-h” Book on ”catam-



“Si?" 13'13? 353?? "3‘” i335”

er l “B“. 8

1343 Heating Bldg.. Minneapollsl‘Mlnn.





 





 





 





HEAVY COPPER CABLE





Liglning Rods





Guaranteed Over

98 per cent Pure





‘ Per Foot





Direct to you

”‘ lo Middleman





It goods when received are not satisfactory. return

them at our expense. when we wrll refund every

dollar you paid us. Let us know your requirements.

We will advisejust what it will cost you. Full in.

structions for installing.





International um ad chum. n, inn and,“





young .‘l—Would you, and wear a fine tailor



made suit gust or showing it to your

friends? 0: afili -on Ba nooat greet Could you use

:6 a a: for al 9 time? no we can ole:

you a oady lob? rite at once on not bountiful





Ill east esandthtewondcrhl ;

53A Nita TAILORING COMPANY? Dept. :94 0mm
,2

a





 





 





APRIL 5, 191?





tege of an old man in This dotage. But

now he had the whole, raw island popu-





lation to deal with. What was he- to do?



There were 'two courses open. One was

to abdicate in favor of anyone whom the

islanders might want. The other was to





hold on to his boat’s-teeth

fight, As to the first cours





crown and

e, Emerson





would haVe gladly stepped down and out,

but he well knew that abdication would

be attributed to cowardice and that his





company’s business in the





island, and





possibly his own life, would pay the pen-

alty. So, since he would play against





desperate odds in either case,

to hold. if possible, what he

and all.





he decided

had, crown





The expected storm soon burst. One

morning Emerson, looking out through a

window of his trading post. which con-

stituted his kingly palace, saw an array

of several hundred natives, armed with

their island weapons, approaching with





evident hostile intent.

The white king, revolver in





hand, step-





ped boldly outside his door and, as the





mob came up, spoke to them.

sheer audacity with a clever

their ignorance and superstiti

them he was king by authori





banouk and that he proposed to carry out '





Combining

play upon





on. he told_





ty of Tim-





their former king’s wish. He told them

that he had power of which they did not





dream; that he could make





the dead





speak; and that if they doubted it he





would prove what he could (i





o by mak-





ing Timbanouk speak to them,





Suiting action to word, Em





erson went





inside the post and unlimbered a phono-





graph which he had in stock





and placed





upon the cylinder .1 record which, fore-





seeing some such emergency,

duced the old king to make





he had in—

some days





before his death. It was a speech by the





former king, addressed to his

commanding them to obey the





people and

orders and





decrees of the white king, Timitan, to





whom he left his authority.

EmerSon adjusted the mach





ine, wound





it up and stepped outside the door. “Lis-

ten.” he said “and you will hear Timba—

nouk’s voice speaking to you, though you





saw him buried at week ago.”





The effect upon the simple-minded na-

man, this'

marvelous white man who came from the

strange country over the seas, was a





tives can be imagined. This





miracle worker. a god. He





had made





their dead king speak. They might over-





come a man, be his skin of

But who might oppose a god?





any color.

A nd, be-





Sides, could there now be any doubt as





to their former revered king's

the matter?



And so. with the voice from

in their ears, the malconten

awe-struck, humble idolators,

man of trade, of courage and

king indeed—had won.





wishes in.





the grave

ts became

and the

of tact—a





RECORD APPETITES OF HISTORY.





(Continued from page 4





36).





tigers fed on pheasants and parrots. His

majesty was also something of a joker,

and adopted numerous ingenious methods

of adding to the attractions of the table

at the dinner hour. For instance he

would at different times assemble, as

guests,‘ men who were awfully fat, or





horribly lean; at others, those





who were





abnormally tall or amusingly short: oth-





ers who were entirely bald o





r painfully





‘rgouty, which afforded the monarch and





his favorites rare fun during

dull periods in business.





occasional





Of the first Caesar, the true Caesar,





who has been named as th





e greatest





character in history, it was said by Cato,

a very good authority, too, by the way,

that “of all those who had helped to ov-





erthrow the republic, Caesar w

sober man.” Still it is non





as the only

e the less





true that he enjoyed the more rational

pleasures of the table, and was an af—





_fable and genial host. As a





guest, he





probably gave the finest example of gen-

uine high breeding that was ever known,

and its influence upOn-contemporaneous

society was to elevate and refine it, to a

considerable extent; with this notable

example of the p055ibilities of even the

monarchs. of old, it is fitting to close the





imperfect record.





 





“You are evidently very fond of books,





sir,” said an old gentleman t

man in a car. "May I ask





0 a young

whom you





consider the best novelist of the day?”





“Jenkins. undoubtedly,” said

man. “There’s nobody can





the young

write like





Jenkins. Why, sir, the circulating libra-



riesi can’t supply his novels fast enough.”

At this moment another '_man entered



the car‘ and addressed the young man:





“Hello, Jenkins!” he said.

you today?" ’





“How are





 





 





 





 





A





 

 





 





$15 suit.





Your $15 Go F arthest

Now Ready at Clothcraft Stores





' 0U have a right to expect a lot from a



Beyond a perfect fit, you should Blue S

have the inner qualities that count for dura- “15130 WWSB

bility and permanent shape—good cloth Go... m mmwwwaflsum





The Spring Suit That Will Make ' 3 .-_.1





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Clothaaft Blue Serge S

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We have had your measure since 1846. vClothcraft is the droduct of vital pomts of your suit—the





ial No. 5130 at $15.00 is made for. men 1400“” the Clothcmft Labelon





 

 

 

 

 





 





«‘3‘

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r63?“ r





my





 





Cidihc'fihrr

ergo Special





and ask for the Clothcraft Blue

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the neck of the coat, and the

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his guarantee establishes the





our 67 years' experience. The Clothcraft Dealer knows how to fit you. thin 9 on which 1



Clothcrait Scientific Tailoring takes the risk out. of clothes buying, and fine gm depend in 3338513521 :33



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service.





 

 

 

 

 





the full story about Clothcrafi:

Clothes.





If you can't find the Clothcraft

Store, write us direct and we'll

send you a card of introduction

to the nearest dealer, the Cloth-

craft Style Book for Spring. and a

sample of 51.30 Serge.





The Joseph & Feiu Co.





Manufacturers of Men's Clothes





 





 





 





 





 

 





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When writing to advertisers please mention the Michigan Farmer.





o.
442—48





 





'The Men

Who Make Big Ben





 





[ About 26 years ago a German

5 clockmaker came from the East to

.‘ La Salle, Illinois.





i His only baggage was an idea—the

plan of an automatic process he had

invented, and which would make

more alarm clocks and better alarm

clocks than hand labor could ever

hope to turn out.





With the backing of some local

merchants and with a handful of

clockmakers, a small factory was

started on the edge of the town.

—-Beginnings were hard, competition

intense. They weathered storms

that would have knocked the fight

out of weaker hearted men.





But when success at last came in sight they had

built one of the best equipped clock plants in the

world and one of the greatest names in the Ameri-

can clock industrr—W’zrtclux, La Salle, Illinois.





Big Ben is the ideal of the Westclox people.

He is their conception of what a perfect alarm

clock should be. He is only two years old. but in

this short time “(.000 jewelers—'70 per cent. of the

total United States number—have already adopted

him.





'Only the finest materials are used in his mak-

ing-he is strong. massive and punctual. His face

is frank. open. easy to read. His keys. big. handy.

easy to wind. He rings steadily for five minutes or

intermittently for ten. He calls you every day at

any time you say. if you have him oiled every

other year, there is no telling how long he will last.



He’s sold by 18,000 watchmakers. His price is

$2.50 anywhere in the States. $3 anywhere in Can-

ada. if you can’t find him at your jeweler‘s. a

money order mailed to Wertclax, La Salle. Illinoiy,

will send him anywhere you say express prepaid.





 





 





 





 





Get the ChOpper that

. Really Chops





Making appetizing, wholesome dishes from

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can have these bits of meat cleanly chopped

or just mangled—it all depends on the chopper





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It in e a n s

economyin

t a b l e cost

and better living.

Remember “AND."

Say it to your dealer;

then you will get what you will be delighted

with—the Enterprise Meat AND Food Chopper.

A still lower priced machine is our Standard Enterprise

Food Chopper.



if you write us. we will send you "The Enterprising

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THE ENTERPRISE MFG. CO. OF PA.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





THE. MICHIGAN WF‘AR2MER





 

 

 





 





Household Editorz—After reading the

article in The Farmer of March 8 about

spring styles in fabrics, I wondered if

you could not help me with a problem

that has been troubling me. My daugh-

ter graduates from the high school in

June. Besides the commencement day

program there are the class day exercises

and the baccalaureate sermon to be pro-

vided for. I am rusty on fashions, and

do nOt know just what would be suitable.

I thought- perhaps you might help me.

and that your suggestions would help

some other mother in the same position.

Thanking you in advance—Mrs. E. L.





The dress for the commencement ex-

ercises proper should be white. For

while there are always one or two girls

who wear a'colored frock on this aus-

picious day, there is nothing daintier or

more girlish than white, nor nothing

more suitable for wear on the day when

she really commences life’s duties.



What the material shall be must be

left entirely to the pecketbook. There





 





 





in fact, practically everything white has

a. touch of embroidery except the heavier

cloths, and ’even some of the piques are

embroidered in eyelets. The commence-

ment frock should be sheer, however, and

there are beautiful embroidered crepes

selling at $1.25 a yard which would be

most appropriate. They would need little

trimming except buttons, as they are

sufficiently trimmed with the work al-

ready on them. For a girl who takes a

16—year—size, four yards of this crepe

should be enough for a dress, it is 40

inches wide. This would mean $5.00 for

the cloth, and another dollar should cov—

er incidenlals.



If this is too much to puy you might

buy enough all-over embroidery for a.

skirt and match the muslin in plain cloth

for waiSt, trimming it with insets of em-

broidery in the form of medallions or in-

sertion. If your daughter is handy with

her needle she would have time to em-

broider her own dress before commence-

ment. if she chose a sprawly pattern with

little solid work and few eyelets. In that

case, you could buy plain white for 25

cents a yard, and materially cut down

the expense. However, a growing girl

just nearing graduation should not be

spending her spare time embroidering, so

I would not adviSe this. course.





 





 





i Dept. 48, Philadelphia. Pa.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





Gives 500 candle power. Casts no shadow.

Costs 2 cents per week. Makes and burns

its OVm gas. Over 200 styles. Every lamp

warranted. No dirt. No odor. No grease.

Agents wanted. Write for catalog, now.





THE BEST lIGHT C0.

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9 550 Cedar St.. Elwin. 0.





to be sold from factory

direct to you; as a. starter

we offer you a beautiful

8300 Piano for only 8200. 3





mp. For particulars address at once Box 827. Brighton, Mich.





Mention the Michigan Fat-mei-

when writing to advertisers.





 





 





 





The style of making will depend on

your daughter’s figure. if she is slender,

have one of the draped skirts. If she is

short and rolypoly avoid the drapery un-

less you want her to look like a figure

out of a Dutch painting when she walks

upon the stage. The draped skirts are

not becoming to a plump girl or woman.

The waist must have low neck and elbow

sleeves, with the new sloping shoulders.

If you do not want the neck and throat

bare she can wear a thin lace yoke with

the frock.



To wear with this dress she will need

long, while gloves, white stockings and

White slippers. If you can not afford silk

hose, get fine white lisle, which are much

better taste than the cheap stockings

with silk half—way up and cotton tops.



The same dress may do for the bacca-

laureate sermon and class day exercises.

Personally, I should have this white, too,

but if you do not want two white dresses

you would make no mistake in buying a

ratine. Katine will be very much worn,

and comes in plain colors, all shades of

blue, brown and fun, Melrose, green and

beautiful bordered effects. A bordered

ratine would be pretty made up in one

of the Bulgarian blouse effects, using the

border for the bottom of the skirt, pep-

lum of the blouse, sleeve bands, etc.



The Bulgarian blouses are best describ-

ed by saying that they look like a middy

blouse with the bottom gathered into a

peplum which fits tightly around the

hips. They come in cloth suits and wash

dresses, and while they are ungainly

looking things in heavy cloth, they are

pretty in wash goods.



If you choose white for this second

frock it could be made the same way.

You may make it of galates, linen, pique,

cotton serge or any heavy White goods.

The linen will sell for 25 cents to $1.25





 





 





are many beautiful embroidered fabrics,‘





 





 





. 7";5’“ Q





mun N " “





’At’fiflomelafizl Eliewfiere





 





 





The June Graduation Frocks





a yard, the pique for 25 cents and gal-

atea for 16 cents. If you do not wish to

make this dress, you can buy them for

from $1.25 up to $8.00, depending up-

On the cloth. The blouses have sailor

collar, sleeve bands and ties of a color or

of white.



A pattern for a misses dress will an-





 





 





pear in another part of this department.

If I were you I should send for a. good

pattern, they can be bought for 10 and

15 cents, rather than trust to the home

dressmaker to cut out something satis-

factory. You might write to city stores

to send you samples of dress goods, and

prices of ready-to-wear frocks. It is

oftener more satisfactory to select some-





.thing ready made, than to buy the ma-





terial and have a dress made, since

you can be satisfied before purchasing.





 





Home Canning





WONDER how many farmers’ wives



are aware of the additional revenue



that can be raised by the canning of

their surplus vegetables, and selling them

to the nearby towns and cities.



“'ith a little forethought at the time

of planting, a sufficient quantity of veg-

etables may be raised not only to supply

the family table during the entire win-

ter, but enough may be sold to increase

materially the housewife’s bank account.



A. great deal of misapprehenlsion exists

as to the difficulty of canning success-

fully for market. But any farmer’s wife

muy run a miniature canning factory in

her own kitchen with a minimum

amount of labor, considering results.



In this article is given the experience

of a, lady, who has been very successful

in canning and marketing her products.



Mrs. J. M. 0. Denmark lives just out—

side the city limits of the thriving town

0f Quitmzm, Brooks county, Georgia.

Their farm is a small one. and her gar-

dcn spot consiSts of only a quarter of an

acre, but her success will illustrate what

may be accomplished by those who have

more land at their disposal. The follow-

ing is a detailed account of" how she has

worked, using her copper-bottomed. tin

clotheS—boiler, and also one of the best

portable home-canners.



“My advise to beginners.” says 111‘s.

Denmark, “is, do not go into canning too

deeply at the first attempt. 'Cxpcrimcnt

with a few cans in the early part of the

season, and see if they keep well. This

is merely for the experience, to get your

hand in before your vegetable crop comes

on. This will teach you that it is not a

difficult matter to can vegetables prop-

erly. If you carefully follow the direc-

tions, hero given, you will have no diffi-

culty whatever. I never lose a can, al-

though I put up all kinds of vegetables

and fruit every season. If you fail at

first, rest assured you have. done some-

thing wrong, or left something undone.



Equipment.



“The quantity of canning to be done

determines vcry largely. the extent and

character of the equipment that will

prove efficient, and at the same time eco-

nomical. For a long time I used my tin

clothes—boiler. This is as good as any

high-priced canner. unless you have a

large quantity of vegetables and fruit to

put up. and a very short time to do it

in. Lust ycar my beans, tomatoes, and

other vegetables were so prolific that I

used a portable canner that belonged to

a neighbor. This held 60 No. 3 cans. I

found it very satisfactory, and recom-

mend canners to those who care to go to

the extra expense, and have a. sufficient

amount of cunning to warrant the out-

lay.



“I did not always have enough vegeta-

bles to fill this large canner. but found

no difficulty in securing vegetables from

some of my acquaintances, who wanted

good home-canned goods. and did not

want to go to the trouble to undertake

the work. For one lady who sent her

vegetables to me, and paid market price

fOr the: cans I used, I put up 165 cans of

vegetables, charging 75 cents a dozen for

my work.



“This portable canner was placed un-

der a shed in the back yard, but I pre-

pared my vegetables in my screened

kitchen where I could avoid the flies and

dust.



“When I first began canning for market

I bought from the same house from

which I purchase cans, a tipping copper

for sealing, tongs for handling cans when

hot, solder, sealing fluid.





for the Market.





“I use the No. 3 and No. 2, solder-

hemmed cap cans which I buy at .whole-

sale. The, price varies from year to year

but they are never less than two cents

for No, 3, and one and one—half cents

for No. 2 cans. \Vith the solder-hemmed

caps it isn’t necessary to apply solder in

the usual way in sealing the cans. The

cans to be used should be sterilized—

that is, immersed in boiling water a. few

minutes. Then they are ready to receive

the vegetables.



Preparing the Vegetables for the Cans.



“The first step in successful canning

is the selection and preparation of the

vegetables or fruit. Many people think

that any kind'of vegetables will do to

can; but more and more we are coming

to realize that there is a difference in the

quality of canned gocds, and that a su-

perior canned product is possible only

when the raw material is first-class.



“As :1 rule young vegetables are Supe-

rior in flavor and texture to the more

mature ones, and vegetables are better

if gathered in the morning while the dew

is still on them. If it is impossible to

can them immediately, put them in cold

water, or in a cold damp place, and keep

them crisp until you are ready for them.

I will give directions here for canning

the more common vegetables. The prin-

ciple of sterilization is the same for all





~1‘ruit and Vegetables."





TOmatoes.

“Pick tomatoes slightly underripe.

\Vash them in cold water and remove

the skins with a sharp knife. The work





of peeling is much easier if the tomatoes

are immersed for an instant in hot wat-

cr, but they must be taken out quickly,

as otherwise the water softens them and

cau<cs them to lose their shape.



“The prepared vegetable should be put

into ~cans immediately. This should be

done with conSiderable care so that the

contents of the can will be fairly solid,

and to insure uniform content as to

quantity in each can. Fill cans within

half an inch of top. Don’t add water to

tomatoes, for they are of better’ flavor

when canned in their own juice.



“After the cans are filled they are

ready to be capped. The tops are brush-

cd to free them from particles of fruit,

and water, then the caps are put in

place. The fluid is brushed over the sol-

dcr part, and the tipping-copper is used,

rotating back and forth to spread the

solder uniformly" about the edge- of the

cap.



“After this some people do what is

called ‘exhausting,’ that is, heating to

exclude the air before the small hole in

center of can is closed, but my experi-

ence has taught me that this is wholly

unnecessary. Fill, seal, and tip the cans

before putting them on for the ‘process-

ing.’



Tipping.



“By tipping is meant that the small

hole, or vent in the cap. is closed by use

of the tipping-copper and a small bit of

solder.



Processing.



“Now the cans are ready for process-

ing, or cooking. This consists in com-

pletely submerging the cans in boiling

water, in an uncovered vessel, until the

vegetable is cooked, and all germs which

might otherwise destroy the fruit is

killed.



"For No. 3 cans put up by this process

tomatoes require 30 minutes, steady boil-

ing. If for any reason the water drops

below the boiling point when a. crate of

cans is put .into the boiler, the duration



(Continued on page 444).
a. high price to pay for popularity? You





PaYing th_e Price. would like to be president of your club





or class. perhaps. But while you simply





 





_ fl ,, . . cherish the thought somebne else elbows

‘ocrl—IILE I have'never been much of. in and captures the office. You wonder

a believer in that old adage that how‘ she could push herself ahead so.

any American boy can be presi- That was simply the price she paid for

dent if he~tries,IhaVé always held to the the office. To you modesty was worth

theory that any pefson of average hu- more than office; to the other woman the

man intelligence and. sufficient tenacity Office was worth more than the delicacy

of purpose can get anything he wants— of feeling which waits for preferment

if he is willing to pay the price. To the rather than seeks it.

multitudes of people who have struggled Whatever that thing is on which your

for years to get some one thing and have heart is set YOU can probably get it if

not succeeded, that may sound like a you are willing to pay for it. But before

wild statement. But please note the you set Ollt after it stop and think if it

qualifying clause, if he is willing to pay is worth the price.





 





 





the price. DEBORAH.

It is just that little thing which keeps

so many of us from reaching our goal or HOME QUERIES.





 





that makes the thing seem worthless af-





ter we have arrived. All too often the 11030159110131 ligditor270a1n you tell tmi



, y . ' o co < aDlOC‘d. am a cons an



price we have had‘to 1‘33 ’S 0‘“: Of all reader of the household department, and



proportion to the thing secured, and after get a great deal of help from it.—New

k





we get it we think we must have been C00 .

crazy to think we wanted it. My favorite way of cooking tapioca is

So many- of us are paying a price all apple tapioca. Soak a cup of, pearl tap-

too great in our effort to secure our ioca in enough cold water to cover, for

heart’s desire. A girl wants an education two hours, then pour on one ouart of

above all things and she sets her book boiling water and cook on the stove in

knowledge as of ~higher value than the double boiler until the tapioca is

health, friends or pleasure. She works clear, one hour is enough with gas, but

far beyond her physical strength, forsakes it may take longer on a coal ‘or wood

her flesh and blood' friends for her book stove. Add a teaspoon of salt and a half

ones. drops all social intercourse and cup of sugar and pour over six apples

devotes all her time and energy to ac- which ’have been peeled and cored and

quiring a mass of knowledge from books. arranged in a baking dish. You may

She gets her so—called education, and is slice the apples if you wish. Bake in a

good for nothing the rest of her life be— medium hot oven until the apples are

cause health is gone. She has neglected done and serve with cream and sugar.

exercise fOr studying, denied herself DYOD- Instead of pouring over apples you may

er food to buy books, lost nights of sleep stir the peaches fmm a quart can of

and perhaps neglected little illnesses fruit in the tapioca while it is still in

which should have been cared for. As a the double boiler and cook until the

result, when school days are over she is peaches are heated through. Serve with

a physical wreck. Added to that she has the peach juice for sauce or with cream

lost all her old friends while she was and sugar. Almost

hard at work studying, and finds she

hasn‘t energy enough to make new ones.





any canned fruit

may be added, or sliced bananas. Cream

tapioca is made by cooking the tapioca

She has paid llEI‘ price and got what in one quart of scalding milk after it has

she wanted, but is it worth the effort? Of been soaked. \Vhen clear stir in the

what value is it to her to know all about beaten yolks of two (lggg and a half cup

the Pelopponesian Will‘. if she knews noth- of sugar. Leave over the fire until the

ing about the war that is going on around yolks are cooked, then remove and fold

her to secure justice for the oppressed. in the stiffly beaten whites of two eggs

social cleanliness and a square deal for and flavor with vanilla. A cold tapioca

all? Vl'hat shall it Dl‘Ofii her t0 kllOW pudding is made by adding to the tapioca

that the Romans dined On peacocks’ which has been cooked in water one glass

brains, if she knows not how to make an of jelly and the juice of half a lemOn.

Irish stew? And what will it all count pour into’a mold, chill and serve.

her 1f she has not health to work and HouSehold Editor2—Ilow young can I





Armistice- . THEEJMI‘CHIGAN’F‘ARMER





m





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





enjoy life? begin to feed my baby?—Young Mother.

I wonder, too, if the price paid by some The salivaray glands are not supposed

women for a Spotless house is worth the to become active enough to digest starchy

result attained. No one likes cleanliness foods until baby is seven months old, so

and order more than I. but if I can only until he reaches 'that age he should he

get them by working so hard I haven’t fed

the strength left to be civil to my fam-

ily, I prefer to write my name in the

dust on the table, and pick my way over

toys as I cross the floor. How many

homes are there where husband and chil-

dren never get anything but a cross word fl ____

from the poor overburdened mother who SYSTEM OF CLEANING.

has worn herSelf out trying to keep her

home neat and clean. She feels, poor

thing, that they should be glad they have

so tidy a home and re.=cnls their lack of There are dozens or different ways 0f

sympathy. Husband and children feel dusting and sweeping, and some of them

that they would rather see the house are good and some are very bfld- Sweep-

dusty and have mother smile. and I must ing and dusting are a large part Of Olll‘

agree with them. The average person housework, and in some homes are a

prefers a little disorder with good nature heavy tax on time and strength.

to much order and scowls therewith. It Here is my method for the weekly

is only the woman whose soul eyes are cleaning. Take a room at a time, begin

out of focus that thinks a dusty room a by Opening as many Windows aS the

greater sin against the family than a weather will permit. Next dust all

scolding mother. I want my home neat chairs, stools and small flll‘llltlll‘e and

if it can be made so and kept so without set them 0‘” ill on entry Or in the llPXt

unpleasantness. If not, I consider the room. Then remove all books and small

price of ill-health and nagging too heavy Ornaments, dusting them as you d0 30.

a one to pay. and put them on some light stand, which

Most of us would like to become rich. has been carried out. I shake the table

But do We not all know someone who has covers and take them away, Shake the

reached that happy condition by paying Clll‘tfllll f01dS i‘llld Dill them ill), and with

a price we would not care to assume? a feather duster brush loose dirt from

It is easy to make money. if you are mantels and heavy furniture. Next I

willing to do it at the expense of the 1001‘ after CObWBbS. and With a short

other fellow. A tax title on your neigh- hand broom brush out the dust from the

bor’s property, when you have learned corners and edges 0f the carpet.

that he is in a hole: foreclosing a mort- If there is large furniture, as bed, bu-

gage when you know that six months reau, dresser, piano or sofa, which must

would put the other fellow on his feet; be left in the room, I cover these pieces

buying the stock today you heard your With covers kept for the purpose, or with

neighbor say he was going after tomor- sheets. I pick up all large scraps of pa-

row, and then forcing him to pay you a per or cloth, all straw.s,-broom wisps or

cent or so more per pound if he wants long threads, for one may sweep a carpet

the cattle, these are favorite roads to half to pieces trying to get these up with

riches with some men. But would you a broom. After this I sweep from the

pay this price? Is not your honor more sides toward the center of the room; if

to you than dollars and cents? one sweeps toward a dnor er the side Of

You often wonder, too, how some girls the room there are cracks and angles

have so many young men calling, while and seams in which the dust lodges. Af-

you are looking on forlorn. In 99 cases ter the dust is all swept together I use





exclusively on milk. After seven

months you may begin giving crackers

and bits of toaSt. Nibbling on these helps

the teeth through. Avoid potatoes for

several months longer, especially through

the summer.





 





 





BY MRS. M. E. UNDERWOOD.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





.~ Q q ‘ “is

This Makes Watches Vary.





Unless Regulated to Offset Such Jars





Bumps, Jars, Jolts and Shaking The South Bend Watch is hand

will ruin the time-keeping qualities and machine built by watch crafts-

of any watch that isn’t 611i]! and - men — the most expert corps of

regulated to offset these condi- watchmakers in America.





tions. , ,- In the largest cities and in the



South Bend Watches take six smallest villages you will find at

months to make and sometimes least one of the 15,083 jewelers who

six months to test before they leave put their good» reputations with

the factory. Then they are regu- ours behind the South Bend Watch.

lated to your personal- Go see the nearest

ity by the expert retail - South Bend Watch

jeweler who sells them. dealer. Ask him to



The South Bend is Show you the watch

the only watch madein that has fill inspec-

America that is sold tions’. that 19: heated to

only through retail 130“ng temperature,

jewelers. you ought to that is frozen solid in-

buy your watch only ice and 1/16’72 keepsab-

througharetail jeweler. solute on-the-dot time.

for then, and then only, . Write for our tree

can you get that regu- book, ”How Good

lalz'on. Mail—order Watches Are Made."

houses sell you a watch Brimful of interesting

only. The expert retail jeweler sells information about watches. Inter-

you a good watch plus good regula- esting —- surprising — entertaining.

tion service. Andthisisthe onlysafe Send for it today—now. You will

and satisfactory way to buy a watch. get it by return mail, postpaid.





The South Bend Watch Co., 4 Market St., South Bend, Ind.





Smith. Bees”





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Book of 100 Vehicle Bargains—F REE





Let This New Special

Sears-Roebuck Book

Help You Decide on the





Right Vehicle to Buy





Post ourself on real 1value: before you

buy a uggy, surrey or wagon of any /;

kind. Buy where you are sure of get- 5 .

ting the most for your money, the saf- »

est guarantee of satisfaction and the

best treatment. Here is proof that

our prices save you $35.00 to $50.00.





Over 49,000 of These

Metal Auto Seat Buggies

AlreadySold;Price$59.90 .





See this beautiful. durable buggy in nat-

ural colors in our Special Vehicle Catalog-

along' with many other illustrations and

descriptions that guide you right in buying

the vehicle you want. Please ask \

for Vehicle Book No. 75MSo





Sears, Roebuck and Co.

Chicago, Illinois





This splendid bug-



gy at $59.90 has ’ .



triple panel ‘auto . . . ./ vigil],



scat. genuxne : . 4 . ,» , llllillillllmliuiib 21

leather uphol- . i. . ,. ’ f“) \

stenng, highest ' ‘.

type body con-



struction.triple



braced shafts,



best wheels made.



full wrought fifth



wheel, real long



distance self oiling



axle. New style



auto skeleton top.



Shipped from ware-



house near you.





 





 





 





 





 





out of 100 the young men come because the hand broom to collect it upon the

the blushing damsel has called them up dust pan. Before sweeping I dip the

and urged them to come, or written them broom in a thin warm suds and then

a note inviting them over.,Is not thaLbeat out all the water. ‘This is good to





W





 





 





 





 





 

 





When Writing to Advertisers please

mention the Michigan Farmer.





 





ll“
were. . -





. - a.» rfim‘ycfi‘ 1-73,“,





at. i 3. ~





 





M In... . .5 1 Elqlzfq/gnflfgr} K”-





‘ ' :1 .2117

-- . , Service

.- N. g I





/ I





   





 





 





 





 





 





3.} ,, ’ L Get This Nobby Pump





/ , .



‘ ‘ OCIETY” shoes are now worn and approved

by discriminating women everywhere. The

/, pump here shown 1s one of the finest models our

u,- . e’ designers have produced—Ask for style 5338.



It is made of the finest quality gun metal leather over the new

“Vogue” last. The heels are one inch high, which. 13 a happy medium

{betvgeen extreme high and low. The same style is also made in tan

eat er. ,



, The “Society” is made in many styles at $3.50 to $4.00, according

to style and leathe . Shoes of the same qualitiylproduced

by a small manufacturer are sold for about a' 0 ar more.



Our 23 big “Star Brand” factories employ over

10,000 expert shoemakers and produce over

15,000,000 airs a year. The more we make, the less it

costs to ma e them, You get the benefit of the saving.



Most of the medium-priced shoes for women contain



aper and other substitutes for leather, but the“Society” is



ondestiy made of finest leather. No substitutes are ever



use . ,



“Society" and other “ Star Brand" shoes are



sold b 20,000 good merchants. Don't Just 0



into A Y store and ask for them,but hunt upt 6



“Star Brand” dealer or write to us for name of

nearest merchant who sells them.



Always insist upon having the “Society"



shoe with our name on the sole and our “Star".



on the heel.





“Star Brand Shoes Are Better”





ROBERTS, JOHNSON "o EAND





Tl

flAuurAc'runcns Branch of International Shoe Co‘. gs-nLoms





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





, . I - «— _..--.,

- “r

__I Q’ .





 

   





 





 





 





_- —





 





 





 

 





./ 1f: QUALITY PAINT

‘ “T“ p, DIRECT TO YOU 12;





 

 





   

 





   

   

 





illllsm’ -‘l s .

JPREP "ill ave 50c on Every G." Bhop or suburban home.

.liil . . T t h M d

,l p' l Ion of High Grade Paint E I eCtrl~c {3153 33393.3 faith (1?in-

. M r l J rngrrydgre r'rFro rrrrrrd rig L - ht i n hesitates-.1; simm-

\ l e ic igan nrmerwewi ' g g - ' '

V send you our regular $1.75 I Eégfagiyfiifigiiii.‘t§i‘cl’f’§§6





grade of - u accordingtothenumber

wusonrs manna]; mm Ready Outfit S titressrsiiguzst





to Use or and safer than any





For only $1.25 per gallon in lots of six gallons /'E/\ other light. Write to:

r/IM. ‘ . particulars.

Kay , nu: DAYTON memes].

:" , , , MFG.

i /, ‘





 





and over. Freight Prep-Id (East of the Mississippi.)

We are manufacturers selling direct to the con-

sumer. Satisfaction positively guaranteed. Dre‘s

or

”7 St. Clair 8t..Dnyton. 0M0.

, Largest Mfrs. of ignition





a ostal for information about our special tri

I, ' . rand Lighting Apparatus

Exclusively in the





   





0 er and handsome 35 color card.





The Wilson Paint 6: Glass Co.

548 Main Street. Cincinnati. 0.





Reference—First National Bank of Norwood, Cincinnati.





   





 





will be tanned right if sent to The I S"

Biissfielld Rublel ithanning 00. fgorsei .

cow an sma um ma. 6 so an

pliablfe. tWindhnnd wgter mile: We SHADE

manu ac ure em 0 r 3 way .

into men's and women's Fur Coats. R0 L LE R s

Robes, Mittens, Russ and Vests, Original and unequalled.

Deer skins tanned for Buckskin, \Wood ortin rollers. ‘ improved

D





 





 





«requlres no tacks, investor's





Our Cntnlo no and Souvenir

signature on genuine:





Account Boo sent free.

The Blissfield Robe & Tanning Company.

Blissfleld, Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





A $50 MACHINMMQ





New Model with Ball Bearing Head and Stand—Automatic Tension

Release—Automatic Lift Drop Head—High Ann—Oak or Walnut Table.





We .. Pay the Freight

“23.0w 90 Days’ Trial





Our new model, im-

proved Michigan Farmer

sewing machine hascam

thread take up, givmg

better control of the

thread and makingabet-

ter stitch than any other

arrangement. Running it

backwards will not break

the thread. It has high-

est arm, disc tension, au-

tomatic bobbin winder

with loose band wheel,





All high lift for heavy work.





 

 





 





   

   





 





MODERN

move. a." Bearing Guaranteed for 20 Years.

' and money refunded if not satis-

MENTS. " Steel Pitman factory after so days’ trial. Com-

plete attachments, accessories

and instruction book free. We

COMPLETE guarantee this machine to be

first-class in every particular,

IN EVERY handsome in appearance and

RESPECT.’ equal to any machine made.





Same machine without the au-

tomatic Lift for only $18.





Good Machines as‘ELow as $12.





at: For $7 extra we will send the $19 machine with automatic lift in a hand- '

some cabinet frame. ‘ . . . . .

as We prepay freight to any freight station east of the MlSSlSSlppl River, or

south to- Tennessee. You cannot afford to buy a machine untll you have

, sent for our handsome illustrated free catalog, printed in colors. _

THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Michigan.





 





‘ ,__W‘





‘ THE MICHJGANFARMER.





keep the broom from wearing‘, good to

keep the ‘dust from rising and good to

brighten the carpet." If a carpet is very

dusty, so that the broom becomesdirty

during the sweeping, it is well to wash

it out when the room is half done, but

a room properly cleansed every week does

not become so dirty. When the sweep-

ing is all finished Idust all the woodwork

with a feather brush or wing. Then I

wipe the window sills and around the

door handles with a sponge squeezed out

of ammonia water, dust all the pictures

with a feather brush, rub the windows

with a newspaper, dampening it. with

ammonia. water, and shake out the cur-

tains. I remove the covers from the

standing furniture and dust it. Some-

times I take a very light broom tied into

a cotton bag and with it wipe the wall-

paper lightly. Last of all I bring back

the furniture and ornaments that were

carried out.



With such a cleaning once a week a

room needs only a little setting in order

each morning to keep it nice, and the

curtains, carpets and furniture last and

look well for a long time. If furniture is

left in the room uncovered while sweep-

ing is going on it gets loaded with dust,

and in wiping this off much is rubbed

into the furniture, giving it a dull, grimy

look, so that it soon fades.



My method may sound hard, but it is

not any more trouble to clean things and

set them into an adjacent room than it

is to keep moving them out of your way

and in the bargain having a thick coat

of dust to wipe off. If your carpets get

stained or spotted wash the spots care-

fully with a flannel and ammonia water.

You can make a carpet look very bright

by sweeping it with coarse salt, which is

also good to destroy insects. But the

best cleaner and freshener is a pail of

ammonia water, wiping the carpet well

with this and a flannel and leaving the

windows open to air and dry it for an

hour. Rugs and mats, too, are much re-

juvenated by such a rubbing.





 





HOME CANNING FOR THE MARKET.





 





(Continued from page 442).





should be meaSured from the time the

boiling point is again reached. No. 10

cans require considerably longer, while

N0. 2 less.”



String Beans. .



“The stringless kind is best. Wash in

cold water and break into short lengthS.

Pack firmly in the can within half an

inch of top. Cover with cold water and

add a teaspoon of salt to each quart. Cap

and tip them while cold, as has been

described, immerse in boiling water for

one and one-half hours."



English Peas.



“When prepared and canned in the

proper way, peas are easily kept and

never lose their delicate flavor. Shell the

young peas, wa'Sh in cold water, pack in

cans as directed, cover with cold water,





 





 





add teaspoon of salt to quart seal and

sterilize or cook as described, for one

hour.”

Field Peas. N

and boil cans one and one—half hours.”

”Sterilize as directed for English peas

Butter Beans.

“Sterilize as directed for English peas.”

Lima Beans.



“Lima beans losc tneir flavor quickly

after being shelled, therefore it is neces—

sary to can them as soon as possible af-

ter gathering. Proceed as you would

with English peas.”



Okra or Gumbo.



“This vegetable is extensively grown

in the south. It is easily kept and makes

a delicious vegetable for the winter.

“’aSh the young pods, cut them in short

lengths, pack them in cans, cover with

water, seal and sterilize as for tomatoes.

With a little experience any vegetable

or fruit is as easily canned as those de-

scribed above.”



The Profit in Canning.

“Last year from my Own garden of a

quarter of an acre, I gathered and put up

for sale, 600 cans of vegetables. Besides

this I put up 20 dozen cans for others

who supplied all material, receiving 75





‘ cents per dozen for my work.





“I sold the 600 cans at 15 cents apiece,

gross net, $90. Deducting the $12 paid

for cans, I had $78 left for my vegetables

and pay for my work. As most of the

work of making them was done by my-

self and husband, and as we had all the

vegetables we wished for our own use,

and as I kept sufficient for our winter

use (there being only the two of us), I

consider I made a neat profit off my

garden."



Marketing.

“I have found "no difficulty in finding





 





a market for my goods, and I sell direct





APRIL 5. .1913.





to the consumer. A wisely placed adver-

tisement in a local paper is a'great‘h’evlp,

Putting your Own labels on your products

is another help. Irusermy telephoneto':

great advantage, also. .



“My_expe1~ience has taught me that if.

I want to do preserving, jelly making,

putting up peaches, berries, etc., for sale,

it is well to go among my customers each

season before I begin. I get many spe-

cial orders this way.



“There is no work, judging from my

own experience, in which a. farmer’s Wife

can engage, which will bring in as large

returns as canning for market.— Get a.

portable canner, if you go into it on a

large scale, but otherwise your clothes-

boiler will answer 'every purpose."





 





AMONG THE FLOWERS.





 





Double Zinnias are native in Mexico

and were long cultivated as single flow-

ers. Later came the double zinnia which

was introduced by Messrs. Volmorin, of

Paris, who had succeeded in getting the

double from the Mexican specie. This

flower is easy of cultivation, the seed

germinating in five days and the little

plants growing rapidly. TVhen danger

of frost is past the plants should be

set in the garden giving i'hem plenty of

room, at least two feet apart. They

show a great range of color, and branch

and bloom freely.



Tuberous Begonias may be started

from seed as well as from bulbs and

cuttings in the summer. They should

have plenty of water and never be al-

lowed to get too dry as the root growth

is comparatively small. They do the

best in pots but may be bedded out if

desired.



There are a number of bulbs that

should be planted in the spring or sum-

mer because of being tender. Among

the list may be found the gludiolus, the

tuberose, the calla, the canna, the dah-

lia, the arum and the amaryllis. They

may be started indoors for early bloom.





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92





, pages illustrating over 700 of the season’s





latest styles, and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of 10 cents.





 





 





anifi’ . '

-43:—





3297 —.





 

 





 

 





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—-i

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lung—.-

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, ‘ V66 4 1





No. 7472—A blouse with Robespierre

collar, 34 42 bust; 21/8 yds, of material 36

in. wide, with {it yd. 27 in. wide for col-

lar, 9;. yd. of lace 6 in. wide for frill, 1

yd. of narrower lace for wrist frills, 2

yds. of lace. for frills at wrist and sleeve

openings as shown in back view, are

needed for medium size.



No. 7663—Fancy blouse, 34 to 40 bust;

2%; yds. of material 36 in. wide, with 5/3

yd. 21 in. wide for trimming portions, 3%;

yard 27. in. wide for girdle, 1%. yd. 18 in.

wide for yoke and collar, 3:1, yd. lace for

undersleeves are needed for medium size.



No. 7657—Semi-princess Norfolk dress

for misses and small women, 14, 16 and

18 years; 414 yds. 36 in. wide with 1% yd.

27 in. wide for collar and shield are need-

ed for 16-year size.



No. 7649—Gir1’s dress, 10 to 14 years.

With or without trimming in front and

chemisette. To be worn over any guimpe

or made with chemisette and under-

sleeves; 31/, yds. 36 in, wide with 1/2 yd.

27 in. wide for trimming, 3/3 yd. 18 in.

wide for chemisette. W; Yd, are needed

for chemisette and undersleeve.



N0. 7664—Three-piece skirt, 22 to 30

waist. With or without panel, with high

or natural waist line; 3%yds. 36 in. wide

% yd. 12 in. wide for panel, 2 yds. of

braid are needed. Width of skirt at





 





 





l





 





lower edge 1%. yds.





 





 





 





 





" W “"
" W u"!





 





 

 





When Dreams

Come True





Dreams of ‘a better, bigger home/





Dreams of more comforts, more

luxuries!





Dreams of more of those things

that make life worth living!





Dreams of—

But why dream?





Why not put Montgomery Ward & Co.’s

new 1000 page catalogue back of your

dreams and turn dreams into realities.





Why not harness every one of your hard

earned dollars and make them yield for you

more value in the future than in the past...

and then your dreams will come true.





The conservation of the dollar is the vital issue in these

days of high cost of living. |



And the Montgomery Ward 8: Co.’s catalogue is the

great text book that will help more than any other

book to solve that problem.





It tells how to purchase your foods, furniture, clothing,

farm implements, luxuries, everything for the home,

farm or field at the lowest possible prices, with all the

useless middleman’s profit left out.



It has a thousand pages, with a hundred thousand

opportunities for saving.



This great text book is free for the asking. All you

need do is to write us a note today saying: “Send

your new 1000 page book without cost or obligation to

me”—and it will come by return mail.



You have had the dream of better living, of getting

more comforts for all the family than you have had in

the ast. Why not let this dream come true. Why not

sen for the book today—Now, while you think of it.





MONTGOMERY WARD &CO.”TE.’3‘





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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS INTER-

ESTED IN MARKETING.





 





President Wilson had a long conference

recently with Secretary of Agriculture

Houston and statistical experts of the

department, on plans fOr expending the

$50,000 appropriated at the last session of

Congress for the division of markets. The

importance of rural credit systems and

other farmers’ benefit organizations,

which are to be investigated by the Ag-

ricultural Commission appointed by the

President, also was taken up at this con-

ference. The President is intensely in-

terested in plans for a division of mar-

kets in the Department of Agriculture,

through which it is hoped to benefit both

the farmer and the conSUmer by elimi-

nating the middleman as far as possible.



Arguments that more than 50 per cent

of the market price of the annual crops

of the country is spent handling the crop

after it leaves the hands of the farmer

have been brought to the President’s at-

tention. It has been estimated that the

crop of 1912 will yield $6,000,000,000 to

the producer, while the same crop by, the

time it reaches the consumer, will have

increased in cost to $13,000,000,000.



The appropriation made by the last

Congress is to be used in investigating

marketing methods, co-operative and oth-

erwise, in this country and in Europe,

the demands for farm products at the

various food centers, and in devising

plans for marketing so as to make pos—

sible the handling of farm products at a

reduced cost.





F..—





 





TRYING TO REGULATE THE COM-

MISSION BUSINESS IN NEW

‘(ORK STATE.



In a previous issue of The Farmer, at-



tention was directed to bills before the

New York State Assembly for the regu-

lation of the commission btwiness of that

state. One of the bills in particular in—

troduced into the I'pper House by Sen—

ator Roosevelt contains provisions that

seemed to the commission men so radical

that they declared their business would

be endangered if the bill became a law.

The publicity given the measure brought

it to the attention of practically all par-

ties concerned in the improvement of the

commi.:sion business, who have volun-

teered information that has furnished the

foundation for another measure, krfown

as the Cole bill, which will likely be sub—

stitutcd for the other.

This new bill has many features that

Seem commendable. It‘provides, in the

first place, that a man must have a

license and give a. fidelity bond for $3,000

before he can do a commission business

in the state of New York. The license

fee amounts to $10. It also provides that

the commissioner of agriculture may, up-

on proper information, take away the li-

cense of any commission man. The lat-

ter may, however, appeal from the de-

cision of the commissioner to the courts.

In case a farmer becomes dissatisfied

with a sale made by a commission mer-

chant, the farmer must first serve notice

on the merchant stating his dissatisfac-

tion. The merchant then has ten days

in which to satisfy the farmer, but in

case this is not done the latter can file

a verified complaint with the commis-

sioner of agriculture, who, after giving

the commission merchant notice, is au-

thorizcd to investigate the account of the

complainant in the office of the commis-

sion merchant, upon which information he

may act aCcording .as the facts appear

to him. The bill also provides that the

commission merchant must send an ac-

count of the sale and check to the ship-

per within 48 hours after the goods are

sold, unless otherwise agreed upon by

the parties.



The measure has another feature that

will undoubtedly be of much benefit to the

distribution of farm products in general,

and that is the provision making it ob-

ligatory upon the shipper to pack his

goods honestly. The bill reads: “Any

person handling, shipping or selling farm

products who shall make false statement

as to grade, condition, markings, quality

or quantity of goods shipped or packed

with intent to deceive shall be guilty of

a misdemeanor.”



The bill specifies the grounds upon

which the commissioner of agriculture

may revoke the license of a commission

man. They are (1) where a judgment





 





has been entered against a commissibn

man and the execution is returned un-

satisfactory; (2) where false charges for

handling or for services have been ren-

dered; (3) where the merchant has failed

to account promptly and properly for

goods received, or has failed to make

settlement with intent to defraud; (4)

where a false statement has been made

as to the condition, quality or quantity

of goods received, or held for sale when

the facts might be known on reasonable

inspetcion; (5) where marketing condi-

tions have been misrepresented with the

intention of deceiving the shipperi (6)

when the merchant has entered into a

combination with others to fix prices, and

(7) when a merchant has directly or in-

directly purchased goods for his own ac-

ount without authority from the shipper

or without notifying the consignor.



It appears that with this control over

the business by the commissioner of ag-

riculture that much improvement should

be made and more satisfaction secured

to both producer and consumer.





A NEW IDEA IN MARKETING.





 





In this day, when so many are giving

attention to the manner of distributing

farm products and looking f0r ways and

means of accomplishng that end, it is

not surprisng that we should occasion-

ally run across a person that has a new

idea along these linCS, and so far as

most of us are concerned, the idea given

by Mr. Farrand, of Eaton county, before

the Michigan State Horticultural Society

at Jackson recently, is different.



The Scheme.



The plan consists in combining the

financial interests of the producer and

the seller. A' commission concern that

had been handling Mr. Farrand’s fruit,

was approached with the proposition that

if they would join capital with his in

renting of orchards, caring for the trees

and the crops and making them ready for

shipping, that when the crops were sold

they would divide the proceeds. The idea.

was suggested by a little incident which

enabled Mr. Farrand to see some of the

apples which he produced with much

care and expense and sold for $3 per bar-

rel, re-sold by this commission firm the

following March for $6 and $8 per barrel.

He wondered why he, who had worked

so hard to grow the fruit, could not share

in the Wide margin obtained by the com-

mission men. After listening to the

scheme the commission men accepted it

and made themselves responsible for

their share of the expense of producing

the apples. It was arranged that Mr.

li‘arrand was to give all of his time to

the production of the fruit and that the

commission concern with its organized

selling equipment and force was to take

the fruit and sell it.



An Important Princlple.



TVhile he is in no position to say yet

whether the plan is going to prove suc-

cessful, he is relying upon one principle

to help him secure larger returns than

he would get were he to send the fruit

to a concern to sell on commission: Hav-

ing a financial interest in the apples it

is to the benefit of the sellers to secure

as much for the fruit as they can, a

matter that usually does not concern the

firm selling on commission for the in-

creaSe in commissions from a little in-

crease in price are so insignificant that

they will not ordinarily spend much time

looking for higher values; but here every

dollar additional that they receive for the

apples they are enriched half that

amount, which makes astrong incentive to

work for good prices. Just how the plan

will work out in actual practice will not

be known till later. However, we hope

to learn from Mr. Farrand the final re-

sults and publish them, should be con-

sent, that others who are similarly situ-

ated may have the benefit of his experi-

ence to aid and guide them in organiz-

ing a selling agency.



Uncommon Conditions.



The conditions under which Mr. Far-

rand operates are unlike those of the av-

erage person who has fruit to sell. The

larger portion of the apples which he

produces are grown in orchards scattered

over a considerable area, and most of

them are rented. His capital, instead

of being in land, trees, materials and

equipment, is largely tied up in rents,

equipment, materials and labor. 'The

facts, therefore, that his investment is





.APRIL 5, 1918;: ~.





not necessarily permanent, and that he

can readily expand his operations to new

fields where promising orchards and sum.

cient capital are available, undoubtedly

proved strong contributing factors in mak-

ing his scheme possible.



Regarding the plan, Mr'. Farrand says:





.“During the past year I was able to giVe





my entire attention to the production of

my crop of 5,195 barrels of apples and I

did not have to worry about marketing

them at all. As soon as they were har-

vested, graded, packed and shipped. my

part of the job was done. I was entirely

relieved of the difficult task of marketing

them and that is a big responsibility to

haVe off one’s shoulders. .The commission

firm of Indianapolis, who market our ap-

ples, are financially interested in the bus.-

iness of producing the crop as well as

marketing it, and this double. interest

causes them to make a much greater ef-

fort to secure better prices for the fruit."



Mr. Farrand believed that the cities of

10,000 to 15,000 people of the middle west

and northwest, and there are a lot of

them, could be developed into geater ape

ple conSuming markets and declared that

they offered an especially attractive in-

ducement to co-operative organizations.

Traveling salesmen could unddubtedly be

quantities of apples there.



Discussion of Marketing Problems.



Mr. Bassett discussed a few‘ important

points in co-operative organizations for

marketing apples. He emphasized the

advisability of a few—a dozen or two—

growers of a community getting together

and organizing instead of waiting to get

all the growers for many of them prob-

ably would soon become dissatisfied and

want to drop out. He recommended the

adoption of strict rules and regulations

which cannot be evaded or violated with

great loss to the individual violator. At

the start strict and definite rules of grad-

ing must be adopted and the grading 0v-

erseen by inSpectors who are responsible

to the organization only. They must get

all their instructions and orders from the

manager. In no case shOuld the grower

have a word to say as to how “his fruit”

is to be graded. Even the most: reliable

growers cannot be allowed to do their

own grading. An organization must have

such rules if it is to amount to anything

at all.





employed profitably by them to sell great'





 





\PUBLIC MARKETS IN CITIES.





 





Many of the Michigan cities are agitat-

ing the question of a public market, with

a view to having a place where the pro-

ducer and consumer may meet and do

business to their mutual advantage. The

idea is to eliminate the middlemen and

lessen the cost of living. Do public mar.-

kets in cites accomplish this end?



Last summer an attempt was made to

cater to the retail trade and to the'ulti—

mate consumer in Grand Rapids, by run-

ning street cars to the market and by

opening stalls to the farmers and gard-

ners free of charge in the retail quarter.

But the plan, for some unexplained rea-

son, failed to get the patronage it mer-

ited. Ultimate consumers would not

come to buy and farmers were not in-

clined to sell at retail. The producers

prefer to follow the old custom of selling

their stuff by the load and getting home

early, rather than the bother of retailing

by the bushel and consuming a lot of

valuable time. City people do not fall in

with the market-buying idea, because

they are not used to it. Indeed, it is not

strange that the present method of call-

ing up the grocer by telephone and get-

ting as much stuff as one wants, or as

little, and at any old time, is more at-

tractive than the new plan of getting up

at five o’clock in the morning to go to

the market and bring home a basketful

of stuff. .



Southern people are more accustomed

to going to the public market house, with

baskets slung over their arms, and the

writer spent part of a day recently in

going back and forth through the long

aisles bordered by booths at the Lexing-

ton market, at Baltimore. Rich and poor,

white and black, mingle here together

and fill their household needs in the way

of meats, fish, fruits and vegetables. Two

things were especially noticeable to me,

there were no producers in sight, the

sellers were middlemen and were getting

snug prices for their stuff. I went from

booth to‘ booth in quest of a bargain, and

found none. Finally I took a dozen

oranges of a. tradesman for half a dollar,

out of sympathy, for he had tried hard

to make the sale. Meats, especially,

seemed prohibitve in comparison with

prices in the north.



The problem of bringing producer and





 





 





 





 





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Apart. 5; 11118.





T. HE MICH 1cm





irsnMHR





 





 





23~411





 





 





consumer nearertogether in the public

markets of cities 11.111119115111111: «be solved

some day. Chamber of commerce secre-

taries, who include some of the brightest

men in the countrY. are working on the

problem. Farmers are not getting what

they should for their produce and the

middlemen. who are taking the toll,

have to get out of the way some time

and Join the ranks of producers. But as

everyone is aware, the problem is a 'big

one and will need the united support of

those who STOW and those who consume

to eltect a satisfactory solution.

Kent Co. -A. GRIFFIN.





 





WHICH PLAN «OF SELLING SHALL

WE CHOOSE?





 





Observing that you have given space

in the Farm Commerce columns of

the Michigan Farmer to direct selling by

the individual and also co-‘operatlve sell-

log, I am anxious to ascertain your posi-

tion on the relative importance of these

two plans



Gratiot Co. B. B.





Our position is that no single method

or system of selling goods can be ap-

plied in all cases and that every person

should use the best method available.

There are so many factors involved in

the conditions surrounding every individ-

ual that it becomes unsafe to-recommend

any particular plan of disposing of farm

products without knowing the identical

circumstances and problems to be solved.

The direct selling plan by the individual

may give the best results under one set

of circumstances, while the co—operative

method may offer additional advantages

under another set of circumstances, and

there are situations when perhaps the

commission method would best serve the

interests of the producer. The question

asked by the inquirer is akin to those

seeking to determine which is the best

dairy breed of cattle, or the most profit-

able crop to grow, etc. .



Experience as well as reason indicate,

however. a few general principles that

may be set down, which ought to help

anyone desiring to select a plan of dis—

tributing his farm products. “'e might

here mention some of these principles:



In the first place, an important consider-

ation is whether the party is. growing

crops that are produced abundantly in

his community or whether he is an iso-

lated producer. If there are a large num-

ber of producers of some particular crop

or crops, then it is undoubtedly to their

advantage to form a co-operative selling

agency. On the other hand, if the grow-

ers are widely separated and do not have

easy communication, one with the other,

then under most circumstances there

may be some question as to the advisa-

bility of instituting a co-operativc or-

ganization, and probably the direct sell-

ing method by the individual would serve

best.



A second consideration would be the

distance from market. If products are

produced near the consumer, there is

usually little difficulty in making delivery

direct to the persons who use the pro-

ducts. As the distance increases between

the initial and the final parties the diffi-

culty of distribution increases, making

a oo-operative agency of greater utility

and of more economic importance.



A third consideration would be the

transportation facilities. It frequently

happens that a party living near a large

city latks transportation conveniences

that others have who live much farther

away, although the opposite condition is

more likely to prevail. HoWever, many

living a considerable distance from their

market center and along lines of trans-

portatiOn can frequently make use of a

diiiferent plan of selling than those who

lack such conveniences, and while the

former may sell direct to advantage, it

may become necessary for the latter to

organize in order to secure the highest

returns from their products.



The last condition that we wish to

mention is that the nature of the products

themselves become more or less import-

ant in considering how we shall market.

Marketing a car load of live stock or

beans may require a; different method

than disposing One one’s output of eggs.

Perishable products may require to be

handled in a. dilferent manner to those

products which may be disposed of at

any time. Where one is required to mar-

ket in small lots it frequently becomes

expensive to sell his goods alone to a city

consumer, or- even to retailers, whereas.

if he can dispose of a considerable bulk

then such a. course is feasible. Where,

however, the value of the goods is of

such moment as to make it possible to

send shipments direct to the consumer,





 





will.





 





as is the case with butter. eggs and like





products. 'then it is possible to sell one's

output alone, even though the production

is distributed more or less throughout

the whole year.



These are among some of the important

conditions that ought to be weighed when

choosing a. plan for marketing one’s pro-

ducts. There are others that should be

taken notice of, such as the help prob—

lem, road conditions, the person's own

idiosyncracies, etc.; all of which go to

prove that no one plan can be univer-

sally applied, but that, like most other

matters of business, we must study the

separate plans as well as our conditions

and then select the one that offers us the

greatest efficiency.





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





What—In anshwer to the question,





“Has wheat during February suffered ln-j

jury from any cause?” 3'28 correspondents





in the state answer “yes” and 238 "110;”

in the southern counties 210

“yes” and 91 “110;" in the central coun-

ties 87 anSwer “yes" and 46 “no;” in the

northern counties 30 answer “yes" and

82 “no” and in the Upper Peninsula one

answers “yes” and 19 "no."



Snow protected wheat in the-state and

central counties 13 days; in the southern

counties 8; in the nmthern counties 24

and in the Upper Peninsula 28 days.



The average depth of snow on Febru-

ary 15 in the state was 2.55 inches; in

the southern counties 0.48 of an inch; in

the central counties 1.25; in the northern

counties 6.35 and in the Upper Peninsula

12.81 inches. On the 28th the average

depth of snow in the state was 5.88

inches; in the southern counties 4.13; in

the central counties 3.66; in the northern

counties 10.30. and in the Upper Penm-

sula 18.46 inches.



The total number of bushels of wheat

marketed by farmers in February at 85

flouting mills is 69.656 and at 7.0 elevators

and to grain dealers 49,564, or a total of

119.220. Of this amount 77,921 bushels

were marketed in the southern four tiers

of counties, 28,465 in the central counties

and 12,834 in the northern counties and

Upper Peninsula.



The estimated total number of bushels

of wheat marketed in the seven months,





August-February is 3,500,000. One hun-

dred and twenty-three mills, elevators

and grain dealers report no wheat pur-





chased i11 February.



The average condition oflive stock in

the state is reported as follows, compari-

son being made with Stock in good, heal-

thy and thrifty condition: Horses, sheep

and swine 96, cattle 95.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.



Mccosta 00., March 27.-——March has been

quite stormy, except for a day or two

at a time throughout the month. Yet.

taking the Winter as a whole, it has been

a mild one. There hasn’t been a month

during the winter that a farmer could .not

pasture cattle a day or two some t1me

during the month. The recent rain and

wind has damaged us but slightly. All

kinds of farm stock selling at high fig-

ures. Horses going better than $400 per

team for good ones; cows from $40@65

each and yearling cattle from $12@20

each. Bay from $10(t_t12 per ton. Pota-

toes are at a standstill, and some of the

farmers are letting go at 300 while oth—

er; think they see better prices ahead.

Good hens are selling for as much as 850

each, at sales.



Sanllac 09., March 28.—Spring weather

has not been very constant yet. The

past week has been one of long remem—

brance. the 211st was the terrible blow

that did much damage in Sanilac, sever-

al barns being blown completely down.





and hay and straw stacks scattered

across the fields. Since then we have

had all kinds of weather; yesterday.





(March 27), was considerable like a good

old blizzard and with the ice still on the

trees that came the day before in the

form of rain, breaking down some of the

tree branches Not very much maple

sugar made yet, in fact. there are not

many “sugar bushes” left in the coun-

try. Real esiaic agents have a lot of

farms listed for sale but prices seem too

high, considering the congested condition

of some of the staple products. Sugar

beets 1.1111 not have as great an acreage

this season. Market mites are: VS heat

96@98c; oats, 28c; barley, 90c per cwt:

b r1115, $1.50: hogs, 7c, live weight; veal





cal es, $5@7 per cwt,‘ butter-fat, 33c;

eggs, 15c.

Northern Isabella and Southern Clare





Co. ’3) March 25. —M:1nv fa1mers a1e hold-

ing tl1ei1 beans and hay on account of

low prices. Beans only $1. 50 per bu;

hay, $9@10 per ton; wheat being scarte,

is about $1.06 per bu; potatoes, 25@35c;

apples 500 per bu; eggs 15c: butter,

25c: butter- fat. 33c per lb Heavy rains

make the land in bad shape for spring

crops.





 





 





 





1‘00 LATE T0 CLASSIFY.





s c “III. legions—Year around layers. Eggs 8!

15- rope 2.35311

snoonw. snows, 11.”?1). a” nayvme, 9111111103





1211a Ileana Buck Egg:“§.’1?1'€..p§.‘zg°$§1"§ 1151211101111

3275, 41 :1. so on 1' 1 '

”We 1133111111}. 111151312?" 1%...





DOGS.

MISS F0! HUI II" Inflatfihsi'ifi'.“ FEIIREIS





Send 2:: stamp. Holmesvllle. Ohio





FOX ANO‘D :WOLF HOUNDS





tbobost build: drains in harl-





407 years on in bmdl I.

these fine ho a s f

I now o‘er tin foot-lmy on wort.





'10 ling. Sum





answer -





 





 





I. swam. muy. bob- 6... II.





W’ Ill-10110“.

cams. ‘





-Houaa. enamels.» also».





5.2:- w mm. .111





 





swine and

Peal: reed Stock





 





Ad... srldWood-an. 800' y.- I‘ow .Psw Pamlioh.

Aberdeen-An us.

Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericss sokbirds Aand





Prid . i In headed by flatten“ . 121190

011131 FIOnIIbu 11.1.1119 mw 1m 1111.1

1113" Oit’amlmgnmiznr'nnnu‘fd:mn cs " '91

1912‘” ”03m s'rocx FARM. Ionic.





AYRSHIRESWdffifl





d b 11 1 11111 Berkshim

3311.1.“ "11°11 °r calm." 1101- Mt. 1111111. Mich.





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,

YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.

”I“ cm nu. Saginaw. W. S.. Mich.

Bulls. 0rkshready for service. Large





orkshlre he the best.

Comorwrlm. J EYNEBELSJ ”53 Holland Mich.





HEREFCRII BULLS MSAIE 651,111? 01113::

M





8' aw





111111211 sum neurons-Ohmcrgrsc





enable prices. HATCH HERD. Ypsilanti. Michigan.

CHOICE Bull Calves from A. R. O. dams. Sired by

hordolre





 





 





 





whose

ovcr801b3.k7dam EB HComoll Howell. Mich.





A FEW 6.0! Holstein Frisian Bull Calves





for Sale. 0. took.

GREGORY E BORDEN.KOWOI1I, Michigan.





M SALE—BOISE“ BULL CAIF





Born June 5,1912

Pontiac; frofm a dis her

Dam calf 13A. 0. do ughtorm of Sadie Vale

Concordia" s Paul BeKol, her dam 112011). imported cow.



ED. 8.1..EWIIS. Marshall. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





Rum

I‘I OLSTE IN GATT LE

Tho Greatest Dairy Brood

Sold I" w: W W

Holstein-Frieda» Assnu Io: l64_. Bram-hora.Vt-





“Top-Notch" Holsteins.





Yearlin bulls all mid. Choioebulloalves from 1 to

5 mo. 01:. of fashionable breedi 113 and from dams

with Wendell, milk and butter records for sale at





MOPHEISOH FARMS coal-lows“. "billion.





Service Bulls and Bull Calves





8111111 by Johann 6111001111 0111111111111,





whose sire '_s dam and dam’ s dam average 34. 06

lbs. butter 111 7 days. average {at 4 .67 % Also cows

and heifers bred to him. I can ofier you bulls at

bargain prices. Try me and see, and do it quick.





L. E. CON NELL

Fayette,





 





Ohio.





Bigelow’s Holstein Farms





Broodsvllle, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high oflicial

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





Mm. 1111: 1111311111 31111





mo! PONTIAC BUTTERB





 





H's dam ve ”gonadsmilk a day, oven-1600 110111119311

7 dgys an l3131112:qu ciai record of 24 pounds butter in

aye.





CEZM

C. D. l.I'IOOIDBUBY. Lansing, Michigan.





FAIR LAWN FARM





Offers the following young





Holstein Friosian ‘FBuII





Prince Sarcastic—

Fine in form and breedim. Beautifully marked.

Sure to please you.



REED & KNOWLES, 'I'Iowcll, Mich.





LONG BEACH FARMS,

IIOLSTEII BIILI. MINES





WORLD RECORD 8100K. from $75 to $250

Augusta.(Kslnmmo 00.) Mich. F. B. Keufiald. Prop.





BULL CALVES





Oifcred by YPSILAND FARMS, Y ”and. Mich.

Home of Milk and Butter State fiampions.





—ymmg bulls out of A. 10

"(2,313!” Fried." cm]. dams and sired by a bull with

lb. dam. W. B. JONES. Oak Grove. Michigan.

EGISTEREdD HOLSTEIN COWS 3 11116 years I

R mother and daughter; dark markiggs, extra girlie





pair, recently fresh. one served. $425delivered. Write

or pedigrees. HOBART W FAY, Mason. Midiigan.





BUTTER BRED JERSEY 312%“





CRYSTAL SPRING S'I‘OCIS0 FARM.

Silver Creek. Anegan County. MichiganJ





 





 

 

 





 





Butter Profits





You ought to get more butter



profits. :1 1) mean



erpro ts, ecause



gee-yaetoost a! keep th at

an an



other breed. y





THE JERSEY





mob in been or dairy type. 811

gig tech.n The: 1:: Ion udm k 110:.1.‘s .

a e as th

The, mean steady halite:- ofllIs. W

now ’tor Jersey facts. Free or the asking.

AURIGA All Juan! CATTLE 01.08

3241 w. it. New York





 

   





     

 





 





1011 1111. 111114010112.htm 1111,, 0-1! 1....





06.“me

fellow from 3 Cd. Sm rod e 500 lb

1119 months. ASSFQII‘n, ov r s butts;





Kalamazoo, Mich.

For'sa‘e—m :eredJersoy Castle tuberculin both

calves; cows with 11.1.1 star





bulls and bull calves: Iloifer and heil‘er

Association records.





first "11‘ 2:..." has“

Lillie 5::de Jerseys '

has bor-

so

minds.) Masada“ bunsNull bull oasis-Bast“ of





 





 





‘Jo





dam and 9110' a dam each made_





   





-—Bulll ready (or service. bred for '

s—D‘! pioductdon.I Also oowsand heiters .

Backwater Farm. 8.1!. D. No 0. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.





Dairy Bred Sharthornsrlifism‘;

at. present. J. B. HUMHEL, Mason. Michigan.





shim—Larges” Cattle—Heavy Milken.





mot mom km:

No stock for sale at presentm

W. W.K LAP? KNO. 4. Water-diet, Mich.





Scotch Shallow Bulls and Heifers For Sale.





W. W. KN NAPP. Howell. Mlchk





Fun SALE—7 Reg. 8. H. Bulls from 8 to 14 months by

Victor Bo‘bln led by International

Winners. JOHN SCEIIDT.BeedyCit1. Michigan.





SHEEP.

“111111111 or 11111111 mm... 1...... egg

PARSONS.” “The Noflhegran Manta of t 6' £212.:

951011111111111 111111. Pm 11.1 111.11 111111





PEBCHEBON HORSES. 2% miles

E. Monica. 01143.73 Laud M. U. B. J.0.A . 000K.





- SHROPSI‘IIRES {'5 DUROCS





Kora-K911 run. Kinderhoo’k. Michigan

_—___._._________________

H008.





um a'ICIUna —A Desirable Bunch of Saws of

3 Either BreeddueA riland May.

..T Story. R. B. 48Lowell. Mich, icy Phone65.





BERKsm Choice spring bears and 311111.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





move quick. Farmers

stock. ELMHUBS’f STOCK FARM 1111110111 M1011





roedi boat .

Quid Mainrlng Berkshire: 3.113.01103’2111131091’”

ornaneyrefnn ed. 0. S. BARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.

BEMSHIIB~Yoafling Bows bred for April & Muy





farming. 150 a few Grits.

A. A. PATTULLO. Deckervllle, ngan.





 





 





“\1'1-113





3





$0" WEIGHED 932 I38





 





A 23 MONTHS





I has-started more hex-cedars on the road 11......



manliving. Ihavothelamostand in-



ast miner-d min 0 U. 8. Every one an early developer,

ready for the market at six months old.



me one 11 no comm-unity to advertise my



Write ormy plan “Howto Make Moneym from



Ross.” 6. 8. BENJAMIN. ammo Peru-ad.” oh.





 





 





o 1. c. sWIN We .1. 1...

- rice on Spring

Pigs, airs and tries. not akin. vs a number

of servxce males of good type. Write me describing

of your wants. A. J. GORDEN. “No 2 Dorr. Mich





 





0' .c Extra. choice bred gilts, service hours

I I and spring pigs. not akin from State

Fair winners. Avondsle Stock Farm Wayne. Mich





 





 





 





 





 





 





M

fibula- teem.

001.01! C. tamper-vine. Mlch.





 





0. II c Is—all sold. Orders booked for April

and May pigs of the choicest breeding.





C. J. THOMPSON N. Rockford. Michigan





0 l C’s—Eight. young sows to farrow 111 June

0’spr1nlg pigs pairs and tries not akin

FRED NICK 1, Monroe. Michigan.

0 I s—All sold, will book orders for

0 Manh pl s.

ALBERT NSEWMAN, lifarlette, Michigan.

0 I —Boars all sold. A few elite of





0 extra analih hred or o e

GEO. P. ANDREWS, Dsnmile. Ingham 0:,nMict1,





0. l. C’s*‘“





on young stock;





 





 





00 t RHIthhI 3: 11A Itargcé. M .1105

088 so 111 i use we ices

H 11.7an Mn. 1111111131,





0 L c -—1 extra fquslity last March oil Wt. 395Ib1-1

due to furrow Aprl 14th pr 11 9:51 .5. Br; 11



to Scott. No.1 Grand Champ on If 111i



OttoB. Schulw, Kmllewos 1!depot,anhvllicd\li1h





Bum'JElS“ I". .. and Spring boars from



p 1 1 winnlng strains. Suns

all ages. SPECIAL bAHtlAIN in summer piss.

Brookwater Farm, R.F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor,M1ch





111113 111 301.1 molt-Fags grasped

Station A, Bay City, Mich. Routeo 4. Box 81.



F I

911111: Jerseys °r 182.32.: sesame“ 1111...“

price $25 each. M. A. BRAY. Okeulos. llIlchigun.





UR'SOCBJBIED 80W S all) 1311131. tier-vice Bsoaro $40

nun ei ersex. ati f

tionguarlntoed. lifiook. BouteZ. Stanuond. 5:13;.





BURN: JERSEYS—DIED GILTS FBII SALE.





CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.





 





SWINE. Spring and summer 1 f

nuroc 10780] sale both sexes. I pay 'exprgsis (g

morperience. J. H. BANGHART. Lansing Mich





POLAND WNM“W Both nggemsex and lHGmsB





El

Prices right. W. J HAGELSHAW. Augusts.l Mich.





Lam 1‘," P :- ~Largestdl131Miohigan. Brded ilts

ave some 00 t.



and Oct. pigs that have size. bone and qualigty. will...

your «nuts or come and sec. Expenses paid if not as re-

presented. Frceliv.ery W E.L1vingston,Parm.1.Mioh.





A BIG TYPE POLAND CHINA BOAR—Cheap or

will each ange for so A few light weight.

gilts left. ROBERT NEVE Pierson. Michigan.





cumAs—Elther sex. 311:] 113,88. Some-

P. D LONG. RN11. 8,thflrma;id; 13121191211313.





P. AC. MARS AND SOWS‘IHEBEI iiwash-ed





A. A. WOOD & WN. Saline. 'mcfigxn





P10 "eon :ou:—1B)redbo for neA‘I’r ril and May furrow.





rol' (1

ready for use. MsplewoodaStock Farm: fileflffi‘igf

ARGE Yorkshires—Choice breed' stoc “a,

L not skin. from State Fair pri$swinngrs‘ll Podi-

grees furnished. “KC C.(‘OOK.R 42.80: 22.Ada, M' ch.





Stop liaising Short Bodied Pigrl°gs “efflwei‘sh





produce these. For sale. W

WATERML'N, Ann Arbor. Mich. “9.4331135? {‘31:





—Au¢ fen-owed -

IorIuIm Swine 1... J.1... .9115“??? ““3.

Champion York and 211 best carcass sti. L. 8. Blood

ers'liwine Show at E. Lansing, Jam, 1

GEO. MoMULLEN Grand Lulu, Michigan.





Lillie Farmstead YORKSHIRE:





Sprring bred slits all sold Gilts bred for next August

pl as either sex. and





w; 813mm

not “I 901.9me l.3099."me Mich
r at; ,





. . rw-S‘t,~_-fl r—--





$1.70.





448—24





. . J Y _ ' .

illliiliililliIillliillililllllllllfllmilliiillllfllllillllillllllllIII|llllHill!IllImilllllflfllfllllflllllllllllla $235 as fO'llOWS‘:





’Markets. é





.Elllllllll|IllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllI|llIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlll|lIllllllllllllllillllllllIllllllllllllll ‘





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





April 2, 1913.





Wheat—In spite of the fact that most

of the crop reports show the growing

grain to be in splendid condition, the

market this past week has gone up. The

strength was largely from abroad. In

Liverpool especially, values advanced on

Monday, due in part, it is thought, to a

squeeze in closing up the March deal

there. European war news also aided





 





supply and larger stores in some "of the

European countries than a year ago. In

this country the crop is doing well, ex-

cept in Ohio, Indiana and other states

visited by the flood, where local damage

has been done by excessive moisture.

Primary receipts Monday were larger

than for the corresponding day a year

ago. There is no improvement in the

demand for cash grain. The price for

No. 2 red wheat one year ago was 99%c

per bu. on the local market. Detroit

quotations for the past week are:

No.2 No 1





Red. White. May. July.

Thursday . . . .1.07 1.06 1.07% 921,9

Friday . . . ...1.07% 1.06% 1.08%, 92%

Saturday . 107% 1.06% 1.0814 92%

Monday, . . . . . 108111, 1.0714 1.08%, 93

Tuesday f ...................... . . . .

Wednesday . 108% 1.07%, 1.0914 93%

Chicago, (March 31).—-No. 2 red, $1.01





@1.07; May, 90%0; Sept., 891/20 per bu.

New York, (March 31).———Spot, No.

red, f. o. b. afloat, $1.12 per bu; May, 98c;



July, 96%0.



Corn.—-A substantial improvement was

made in this deal the past week, prices

ruling a. full cent higher on the local

market. There ’is a good demand 'for

the cereal and receipts are not coming

as fast as they were, due to the opening

up of spring work upon the farms in the

corn belt; keeping the farmers from de-

livering. The eastern states were not

heavy buyers this week, but the demand

from the central states has been heal-

thy. One year ago the price for No.

corn was 731/2c per bu. Local quotations

are as follows:





No.3 No.3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday .................521,é 531/2

Friday .. 521/2 531/2

Saturday 521/2 531/2

Monday 53 54

Tuesday .. ..

Wednesday 53% 54%





Chicago, (March 31).——No. 2 yellow, 54c;

No. 3, 51@53c; May, 535/30; July, 547/30.

Oats—This deal shares in the advance

noted in the other two major grains with

the price ruling a fraction higher than a.

week ago. \Vhile there is not a large

volume of business being done there is

a fair demand, with the receipts coming

in small lots. The local market is in-

active. One year ago the price for

'standard oats on the Detroit board of

trade was 58c per bu. Local quotations

for the past week are: N 3

o.





‘ . Standard. White.

Thursday ................35% 34%

Friday 36 35





Saturday 36 35

Monday ..... 36 35





»Tuesday





Wednesday 36% 35%

Chicago, (March 31).—No. 2 white, 35

@351/20; standard, 34%@34%c; May.

343/8-c; July, 33%0.

Beans—The improvement in the bean

trade noted in last Week’s issue has

continued. and while the advance in





» prices is limited to cash offerings there





is a better demand for the legumes than

for any time during the present year. A

large part of the poor beans were fed

to stock this past winter thus leaving a

smaller amount of last year’s crop to go

into the usual avenues of trade, and now

that the holdings are safer to handle it

is expected that better market conditions

will prevail. QuotatiOns are: Prompt

and immediate shipment, $1.90 per bu;

May, $1.95.



Chicago, (March 31).—On this market

the bean deal holds about steady with a.

week ago. Prices are unchanged. They

are: Pea beans, hand-picked, fancy,

$2.20@2.25; do., choice, $2.050i)2.10; prime,

$1.80@1.85; red kidneys, $1.75@2.25;white

kidneys, $2.50@2.75 per bu.



Clove-r Seed.—Although clover. seed val-

ues went higher during the past week,

on Monday they were back to the figures

reported in the last issue. Alsike also

advanced and lost, but the decline was

small so the present price is above that

of last week. CaSh seed is now quoted

at $12 per bu., and prime alsike at $12.50.



Toledo, (March 31).—Common seed

shows a decline for the past week while

alsike is a little higher. Quotations:

Cash and March, $11.95; April, $11.40;

alsike, prime, cash and March, $12.65.



Timothy Seed.——While this trade shows

activity prices remain the same as a

week ago, prime spot being quoteed at





Toledo, (March 31).—-Cash and April,

$1.721/2 per bu.



Rye.—This cereal is dOWn and no busi-

ness is being done. The nominal quota-

tion is 60c per bu.





Chicago, (March 31).-—-I—Iigher. No. 2,

601/2@61c. .

Barley.—-——Chicago. Trade about steady.





Prices rule from 46@65c per bu., accord-

ing to grade.





" FLOUR AND FEEDS.





FIour.+Jobbing lots‘ln 55 paper seeks

are selling on " the Detroit market per 196





 





I





Best patent, $5.60; see-

, $5.20; straight, $4.90; spring patent,

$5.10; rye flour, $4.60 per bbl.

Feat—Detroit jobbing prices in 100-

lb. sacks are as follows; Bran, $23;

coarse middlings, $23; fine middlings, $27;

cracked corn, $25; coarse corn meal,

$22.50; corn and oat chop, $22 per ton.

Hay.—While quotations remain un-

changed, the market is not so badly ov-

’er-supplied because of poor roads. Car-

lotls on track at Detroit, No. 1 timothy,

$13.50@14; No. 2, $11@12; light mixed,

$12.50@13; No.. 1 mixed, $11@12 per ton.

Chicago.‘—Market higher, largely due

to cutting off of deliveries. Choice timothy

$17.50@18.50 per ton; No. 1, $15@16;'No.

2 and No. 1 mixed, $13@14; No. 3 and

No, 2 mixed, $10@11; clover, $5.50@10.50;

alfalfa, choice, $17@18; do. No. 1, $15@

16 per ton.





$8.50 per ton; rye straw, $8@10 per ton.-





Rye. $7.50@8;wheat

straw, $5.50@6; oat straw, $6@6.50 per

ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Butter.-—-Prices have advanced in all

markets during the week, Elgin showing

a lo gain, due to an excellent consump-

t'ive demand and little or no improvement

in production. It is still a hand-to-mouth

affair, however, with dealers keeping

stocks closely cleaned up. Locally all

kinds are 1@2c higher. Detroit jobbing

prices rule as follows: Fancy creamery,

360 per 1b; firsts, 34%0; dairy, 24c; pack-

ing stock, 22c. . ‘



Elgin—Market firm at 35c.



Chicago—This market may be de-

scribed as a strained and nerVOus one

for, while in participated in the general

advance, dealers are plainly anticipating

'a break. Quotations are: Extra cream-

ery, 361/2c; extra firsts, 351/2@I36c; firsts,

34@35c; seconds, 32@33c;

33c; firsts, 28@290; seconds, 26c; packing

stock, 12@25c as to quality.



New York—Barely steady; creameries

quoted lower while dairies hold their

own. Quotations are: Creamery ex-

tras, 35c; firsts, 34@341/éc; seconds, 3,3@

3335c; state dairy, good to prime, 31@

33c; common to fair, 26@30c; packing,

20@24c as to quality.



Eggs.—Eggs have held their own well

in all markets the past week, the excel-

lent demand taking care of the heavy

offerings in good shape, even bringing

fractional gains at some points. The lo-

cal market is very steady at last week’s

figures. At Detroit current offerings, can-

died, and cases included, are quoted at

171/2c per dozen.



Chicago—This market is steady with

all grades showing a fractional gain over

last week. Miscellaneous receipts, cases

included, are quoted at 16%@17%c; do.,

cases returned, 1614@16%c; ordinary

firsts, 16146916640; firsts, 17(017140.



New York.——An advance of more than

a cent during the week has rendered this

market unsteady and a decline is prom-

ised. Fresh gathered extras, 20@21c;

firsts, 19@19'%c; sec0nds and lower grades

181/2@18%c per dozen. »



Poultry.—Poultry markets generally are

inactive, due to the high range'of val-

ues and mediocre quality of much of the

stock offered. Locally the demand the

past week‘has been sufficient'to force a

still further advance on" fowls and so-

called spring chickens. Quotations are:

Live—Spring ~chickens, 17%@18c’; hens,

171,5@180; No. 2 hens, 15c; old roosters,

12c; turkeys, 19@20c; geese, 15@151/2c;

ducks, 18@20c,per lb.



Chicago—Chickens quoted higher al-

though market generally is quiet. The

quotations on live are: Turkeys, good

weight, 150; others, 100; fowls, good,

18c; spring chickens, 18c; ducks, large,

fat, 18c; do., thin, ordinary, 15@16c;

geese. full feathered, 12c; do., plucked,

'8@10c per lb; guinea hens, $4 per dozen.



New York.——'Dressed stock steady, fowls

being quoted higher. Fresh killed west-

ern fowls, 16%@1‘8c; frozen turkeys, 15

@241,éc per lb.





Cheese—All kinds lower. Wholesale

lots, Michigan flats, new. 13%@14c;

old, 16%@17c; New York flats,

new, 16@161/2c; old. 18@181/_;c; brick

cream, 14@14l/2c; limburger, 18@190.



VeaI.—Detroit.—Unsettled and frac-

tionally lower. Fancy, 15@151/zc; com-

mon, 12@14c.



Chicago—Quiet and lower. Fair to

choice, 80617110 lbs., 121/2@131/2c; extra

fancy stock, 140; fair to good chunky,

111/2@12%c.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Apples.-—Market about steady at last

week's values. Detroit quotations now

are: Fancy, per bbl., $2.50@3.50; ordi-

nary, 750@$1.50 per bbl.



Chicago—Fancy grades are





 





steady





while lower kinds are sold at buyers'

prices. Standard winter varieties, $2@

4.50 per bbl.





Potatoes.—No improvement is shown

and prices are unchanged. Michigan stock

in car lots, 43@45c per bu.



Chicago—Ample receipts keep val-

ues down to former levels. Fancy Mich-

igan stock, 45@47c per bu; best Wiscon-

sin, 40@48c; Minnesota, 43@47c.



New York.-—Plentiful and easy. West-

ern stock, $1.70@1.75 per 180-lb. bag.





WOOL.



Boston—There is a feeling that: values

have softened 3, little recently, this ap-

plying more particularly to western of-

ferings than to fleeces. It is difficult,

h0wever, to make comparisons as the

amount of exchanges are small, due to

the short supplies in the hands of brok-

ers. Little interest has been taken thus

far in the new clip as compared with





other years, and where the farmers of.





the western states have been approached

they have asked good prices for the new

Mich! an. unwashed





wool. QuotatiOns:





delaine, 24175@25d;' fine, 2 @213; %-"blood





dairy extras, ,





LIT'H 3 MI c HI‘GAN'rAfi‘a M Eli ,





combing 28'@29c; %-blood do.

M-blood.'do., 29@300 per lb. '





DETROIT RETAIL emcee.





29@300:





 





Eastern Market.—-—The‘re was a. larger

and better market last Tuesday than the

previous week. The increase in the bulk

of the offerings was due to the larger

number of truck gardeners present, since

bad roads almost prohibit farmers from

delivering goods on the market where it

is necessary to pass over any distance of

dirt roads. There was, as a consequence,

a falling off in the amountbf potatoes

and apples shown, and the prices for

these commodities were higher. Potatoes

were selling around 60c for a good qual-

ity and the better grades of apples reach-

ed the dollar mark, although a large part

of the offerings of this fruit were of low

grade that found buyers at from 50 to

750 per bu. Because of the many wag-

ons carrying cabbage that product sold

lower than the recent low values, going

down in some instances to 150, the bulk

selling at 200. Other prices: Onions,

50c; parsnips, 25@3OC; red cabbage, 60c;

carrots, 30c; eggs, 25c; loose hay, $16@

18 per ton.





Grand Rapids.





The potato market has improved a

trifle, Greenville dealers quoting at 35c.

Roads are still bad for delivery of pro-

duce of any kind. In meats, veal is

scarce and dressed hogs firm at 11%@

12c. Live hens are firm at 13@14c. The

mills are paying as follows for grain:

\Vheat, $1.02; rye, 45c; oats, 35c; corn,

54c; beans, $1.50; red kidney beats, $1.70.

Hay is unchanged at $10@13.





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.



(Special Report of Dunning. & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



March 30, 1913.



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 145 cars; hogs, 80 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 35 double decks; calves,‘

500 head. '



With 145 cars of cattle on our market

here today, and 20,000 reportedln Chi-

cago, we quote our market from 10@15c

per cwt. lower than last week, owing to

the lack of buyers who were unable to

get in here from the flood districts of

Pennsylvania and New York. About ev-

erything was sold at the close, and the

market closed about steady. ‘



“'e quote: Best 1350 to 1500-1b. steers,

$8.65@8.95; good prime 12.00 to 1300-lb.

do., $8.50@8.60; good,to prime 1100 to

1200-lb. do., $8@‘8.25; coarse, plainish 1100

to 1200-lb. do., $7.25@7.75; medium butch-

er steérs, 1000 to 1100, $7.25@7.75; butch-

er steers, 950 to 1000, $7@7.50; light

butcher steers, $6.50@7.25; best fat cows

$6.50@7; butcher cows, $5@6; light butch-





er cows, $4.25@4.75;» cutters, $4@4.65;

trimmers, $3.50@3.75; best fat heifers,





$7.75@8.25; medium butcher heifers, $6.50

@7; light butcher heifers, $6@6.25;- stock

heifers, $5.25@6; best feeding steers,.de-

horned, $7@7.25; light common stockers,

$6@6.25; prime export bulls, $7@7.25; best

butcher bulls, $6.50@7; bologna bulls,

$5.75@6.25; stock bulls, $5@5.50; best

milkers and springers, $65@80; common

to fair kind do., $40@50.



Our receipts of hogs were fairly liberal

today; in fact, too many to hold prices

steady with the close of last week, and

a readjustment of prices was necessary

to get in line with other points. The

market‘ opened very slow, with a few se-

lected light hogs selling at $10. After

these urgent orders Were filled, sellers

had to depend on the packers, and when

hogs run around 200 lbs. average, with

a little top on them, it was impossible

to sell at over $9.75, with an occasional

load at $8.80@9.85, but where sales _were

made at these figures, the load usually

contained a good number of pigs. Mar-

ket closed about steady, but enough go-

ing over unsold to hold tomorrow’s trade

about level with today’s close. Roughs

sold from $8.50@8.75, and Stags $7@8.'



The sheep and lamb market was fairly

active today On the handy kind, but slow

on heavy; prices about, 15c lower than

the close of last week. Most of the

choice lambs selling from $8.90@9. Heavy

lambs were slow sale; lambs weighing

over 90 lbs. very little demand. Look

for about steady prices the balance of





the week.

We quote: Choice lambs, $8.90@9; cull

to fair do., $7@8.75; yearling wethers,





$8@8.25; yearling ewes, $7@7.50: wethers,





$7@7.25; handy ewes, ‘$6.50@6.75; heavy

ewes, $6@6.50; cull sheep, $3.50@5.50;

bucks, $4@5.25; veals, choice to extra,





$11.50@12; fair to good, $8.50@11; heavy

calves, $4.50@6.





 





Chicago.

March 31, 1913.



Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.



Receipts today ...... 20,000 54,000 19,000

Same day last year..1‘8,270 33,528 27,629

Receipts last week...38,580 121,059 75,237

Same week last year.48,588 141,006 110,616

This week st'arts off With railroad and

telegraph service still impaired, and

there is a small attendance of outside

buyers in the- market, while Buffalo re-

ports large sheep and lamb receipts,

which checks the shipping demand here.

For fat sheep there is a demand atlsteady

prices, but at a late hour lambs were

neglected and buyers trying to get them

at reduced values. while seller’s were re-

fusing to shade prices. The cattle trade

was slow also, and despite the mode ate

run, buyers acted independently. bu it

looked like a steady market. Hogs of the

better class of light weights made still

another high record by bringing $9.50 and

later $9.60. averaging a dime higher, with

the tOp 15c‘higher, but heavy packing

hogs were weak to a nickel low . Hogs

sold all the way down to $8.90@q£. Hogs

marketed last week averaged 242 lbs.,





 





APRIL 5, iékizli.‘





compared with 238 lbs. a week earlier,

232 lbs. 3. month earlier, 219”.lbs. a year

ago, 240 lbs. two Years ago and .220 lbs.

three years ago. - . ' , _



Cattle were in greatly curtailed general

demand most of last week, especially for

shipment east, the floods and washouts

preventing the shipment-east of stock

quite generally, and the feeder trade suf-

fered as well as the beef cattle trafl‘ic.

Even extremely liniite'd offerings proved

to be more than the market could take

care, of without lowering ,prices, and

breaks of 15@25c occurred in the general

run of steers, female cattle and bulls.

The receipts were checked through the

same cause as the shipments out of Chi—

cago, and as the week wore on there

was a disposition upon the part of stock-

men to hold back supplies, even where

the railroads were prepared to accept

consignments. Many stock trains sent

out of Chicago were delayed many hours

on the way, and many trains were un-

loaded long before they reached their des-

tination. Of course, these conditions were

temporary, and early recovery of former

normal operations was expected. Beef

steers sold largely at~ $7.90@8.75, with the

commoner class of short-fed. light-weight

steers going at $7@8, while the better

class of long-fed heavy beeves sold at

$8.50@9.10, good to prime yearlings bring-

ing $’8.35@8.75. To a greater extent than

ever buyers discriminated against the

better class of heavy steers, showing a

marked preference for the medium-priced

offerings. Butchering cows and heifers

had a fair outlet at $5.10@8.55, while out-

ters brought $4.50@5, canners $3.25@4.45

and bulls $5@7.50, but to a large extent

the .higher prices for all kinds of cattle

were paid during the first half of the

week. There was a moderate movement

in stockers and feeders, the former sell-

ing at $6.10@7.85 and the latter at $7.50

@825 for good weights, and an Indiana

man paid $8.25 for 21 head of prime.An-

gus steer calves. There was a complete

collapse in prices for veal and other

,calves, sales being much slower at $5@

9.35, whereas a week earlier prime light

vea'lers broulght $1?.50@11. Milkers and

sprmgers sod sparn l on the at

$50@85 each. gy b SS Of



Hogs make new high records for the

year every week as a regular matter, and

last week was no exception to the estab-

lished rule, the moderate receipts going

off briskly, althOugh after Monday’s good

purchases by eastern shippers the outside

demand fell off materially. _Prime light-

Weight hogs adapted for the fresh rfieat

trade continued to top the market, with

medium-weights coming next and good

heavy swine sold to better advantage

than of late. The market promises to

go still higher, as all the indications are

that a considerable period will elapse

before supplies become anywhere near the

liberal requirements of the trade. As

has been the rule for a long time. so

many hogs are used for the fresh pork

necessxtiestof the country that extremely

little can be done in bringing up the

stocks of lard and cured meats in west-

ern warehouses, and these command high

prices, sympathizing with the raw ma-

terial. Saturday saw the highest prices

yet reached, sales ranging at $8.85@9.45,

the top comparing with $9.20 a week-ear-

,ller. Pigs went at $7@9.15, stags at $9.40

@965, boars at $3.75@4.75 and throwout

packing sows at $8.35@8.65.



Sheep and lambs shared in depression

suffered in the cattle trade last week,

and prices were materially lower all along

the line. although the receipts were much

smaller in number than a year ago. At

times trade was almost at a' standstill,

and even on Monday. when the run was

only 19,557 head, a decline in prices took

place. Some light-weight feeding lambs

sold at steady prices early, but later in

the week Wyoming wooled hay-fed lambs

were hard to dispose of, even at reduced

prices, because of the lack of transporta-

tion facilities. Demoralized dressed mut-

ton markets in the east helped along the

weakness, and packers supplied their

wants on much easier rates, even choice

handy-weight wooled lambs going off

sharply. Lambs continued to comprise

the great bulk of the receipts, Colorado

furnishing the greater part by far. The

close of the week saw prices 25@40c low-





er than a week ago, wooled lots oina as

follows: Lambs, 5565063865; yfgarlitngs.

$7697.75; wethers, $6606.75: ewes, $4.50@





6.50: bucks, $4.50@5.75;

salable at $7.25@8. feeder lambs were

Horses were in much poorer demand

than usual last Week, and there were

quite a number of instances where sales

looked from $56310 per head lower, fol-

lowing the greatly improved trade of the

preceding fortnight. The trouble was the

lack of transportation due. to the floods'

The demand centered on farm horses.

mares preferred. with prices ruling on a





,basis of $140@250, but sales above $220





comprised but a small number. ‘The poor-

er class of horses sold slowly around $90

@125, with better ones chiefly wanted

and desirable drafters fetching $175@225

while better ones were scarce and sala:

ble at $250@300 or even higher.





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Five car loads of‘hogs that avera

weight 305 lbs., were marketed in Cfifgagg

recently by an Illinois stockman for $6-

874.38 gross, an average of $1,374.87 ’8.

load. Not a stag nor a piggy sow was

among them, the entire lot being perfect

in grading.



American ranch owners, cowboys and

citizens along the Mexican border in Tex-

as are arming and organizing to cross

over mto Mexico to pursue Mexican ban-

dits and recover stolen property. L. D.

Leuthiap, ranch owner of Presidio, near

Rio .Grande, says: “Ranch owuers are

preparing to take matters into their own

hands, come what may. Mexican bandits

seem to think the United States is afraid

and they, are‘now extending their thiev-

ing operations 100 miles into Texas.”
l





APRIL 5, 11913.





THis-i's THE Finer” SUIT" "toil."





 





In the first edition (the Detroit Live,





stock marketsare reports of last week;-

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given _in the lastyeditiOn. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to-thoge who care more to get the

paper earl than they do for Thursday's

Detroit L e Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a. card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.

March 27, 1913.

Cattle.

‘ Receipts this week, 848. Market steady

at last week's prices; run very light.



We qu0te: Best steers. $8@8.15; steers

and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $7.50@8; do. 800

to 1000, $7@7.50; do. that are fat, 500 to

700, $6@7; choice fat cows, $6@6.75; good

do., $5@6; common cows, $4.50@4.75; can-

ners, $3.75@4.25; choice heavy buls, $6.50

@7; fair to good bolognas, bulls, $5.75@

6.25; stock bulls, $5@5.50; choice feeding

Steers. 800 to 1000. $7@7.50; fair do., 800

to 1000, $6@6.75; choice stockers, 500 to

700, $6.50@7; fair do., 500 to 700, $5.50@

6; stock heifers, $5@5.50; milkers, large,

young. medium age, $50@65; common

milkers, $35@45. .



Roe Com. Co. sold Thompson Bros. 8

canners av 862 at $4.25; to Sullivan P.

Co. 3 steers av 850 at $7, 3 heifers av

777 at $6; to Breitenbeck 5 cows av 976

at 5; to Bresnahan 3 butchers av 750 at

$6.5 ; to Goose 2 bulls av 1400 at $7; to

Thompson Bros. 9 cows av 985 at $6, 8

do av 1040 at $4.50; to Kamman B. Co. 4

steers av 970 at $7.40. 10 do av 922 at

$7.65; to Nagle P. Co. 2 cows av‘ 1380 at

$6.50; to WyneSs 2 bulls av 965 at $6.25;

to gammond, S. & C0. 15 steers av 1105

at .



Bennett & S. sold Youngs 15 steers av

1200 at $8.15.



Same sold Kamman B. 00. 2 cows av

945 at $5.50.



Haley & M. sold Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows

av 1175 at $6.25, 7 steers av 730 at $7.25.

1 cow weighing 860 at $4.50, 1 do weigh-

ing 920 at $5.50, 6 steers av 845 at $7, 1

bull weighing 820 at $6.50, 1 cow weigh-

ing 890 at $5.50, 1 heifer weighing 550 at

$6, 2 cows av 965 at $5, 1 do weighing

1240 at $6.25; to Kull 10 steers av 810 at

$7.50, 2 do av 760 at $7, 8 do av 490 at

$5.90, 7 butchers av 680 at $6.40. 4 do. av

990 at $5.40, 2 cows av 850 at $4.25, 5 do

a'v 880 at $4.60, 1 do weighing 720 at $4;

to Breitenbeck 6 do av 991 at $5.40; to

Rattkowsky 3 do av 1043 at $5.25; to

Grant 4 oxen av 1445 at $6; to Thompson

Bros. 5 cows and bulls av 1062 at $6.35,

10 butchers av 568 at $6.20; to Breiten-

beck 15 do av 862 at $7.55; to Sullivan P.

Co. 2. do av 500 at $6, 7 do av 671 at

$7.25; to Applebaum 6 cows av 900 at

$5.15; to Rattkowsky 1 do weighing 1300

at





 





Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows

av 1080 at $5.65, 1 steer weighing 880 at

$7, 5 cows and bulls av 900 at $6.25, 1

canner weighing 1070 at $4, 23 steers av

770 at $7. 16 do av 964 at $7.25, 1 cow

weighing 900 at $5; to Kamman B. Co.

4 cOws av 1085 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co.

2 butchers av 690 at $5, 4 cows av 845 at

$5, 1 steer weighing 920 at $7.50, 2 bulls





av 1300 at $6.50, 2 do av 830 at $6.50, 4 4 7“





steers av 770 at $7. 7 butchers uv 791 at

$6.15; to Rattkowsky 4 steers av 982 at

$7.65; to Marx 5 do av 902 at $7.40; to

Mich. B. Co. 17 butchers av 914 at $6-75,

1 steer weighing 1020 at $6, 4 canners

av 842 at $4; to Sullivan P. Co. 3 bulls

av 1333 at $6.55; to Thompson Bros. 2

cows av 1230 at $6.50. 3 do av 847 at

$6.25; to Kamman B. Co. 4 steers av 882

at $7.60; to Hammond. S. & Co. 15 do av

1113 at $8.25, 1 cow weighing'1000 at

$5.75 ‘





Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 9 butchers av 780 at $6.85. 14 steers

av 850 at $7.25, 11 do av 926 at $7.45, 2

canners av 970 at $4.25; to Rattkowsky

6 cows av 966 at $5.75; to Sullivan P. Co.

14 butchers av 780 at $5.70, 17 do av 1037

at $7.40, 9 cows and bulls av 800 at

$6.25, 1 cow weighing 790 at $5.25, 4 do

av 1220 at $6.25, 1 do weighing 650 at

$5.25, 2 do av 900 at $6.25, 2 do av 870

at $5, 5 do av 986 at $5.75, 6 butchers

av 836 at $7.45, 10 do av 750 at $5; to

Nagle P. Co. 5 steers av 1320 at $8; to

Kurk 2 cows av 825 at $4.50; to Ham'-

mond, S. & Co. 2 do av 870 at $4.25. 1 do

Weighing 1000 at $4.50. 2 do av 1115 at

$5.50, 8 steers av 912 at $7.50, 1 cow

weighing 1000 at $4: to Bresnahan 5

butchers av 522 at $5.50; to Rattkowsky

1 cow weighing 1100 at $5.50; to Sutton

3 cows av 843 at $5, 3 steers av 843 at

$6.75; toMich. B. Co. 7 cows av 1031 at

$6, 2 do av 845 at $4; to Newton B. Co.

1 do weighing 920 at $4.25. 18 steers av

777 at $7.25. 7 cows av 950 at $5.50; to

Thompson Bros. 3 cows av 900 at $4.75,

8 steers av 750 at $7; to Parker, W. &

Co. 12 do av 888 at $7.75, 8 do av 1070 at

$7.85; to Hammond, S. & Co. 12 do av

1000 at $7.85; to Nagle P. Co. 2 cows av

1360 at $6.65; to Goose 1 bull weighing





1740 at $7.

Veal Calves.



Receipts, 408._ Good grades 25@50c

higher than the close last week; common

steady. Best, $10@11.50; others. $6@9.50;

milch cows and springers steady.



Bishop, B. & H, sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 4 av 130 at $10.50. 6 av 135 at $10.50,

4 av 133 at $8.50; to Rattkowsky 4 av

250 at $6.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 4 av

145 at $11, 2 av 135 at $11. 10 av 130 at

$10.50, 1 weighing 180 at $11, 5 av 125

at $10.50, 1 weighing 110 at $6, 1 weigh-

ing 180 at $5, 2 av 145 at $10, 6 av 110 at

$10.40, 7 av 130 at $9, 6 av 140 at $10.50.

4 av 135 at $10.50, 20'av 125 at $10.50, 3

av 130 at $10.50, 6 av 115 at $10.50. 16

av 150 at $11.25, 5 av 150 at $10.50, 6 av

140 at.$10.50; -to -Ham-mond, S,— ~& Co. 4‘

av 140.at-$10.50, 1 weighing 150'at $11.50.

9 av 140 at 311- ‘



Spicer & Rasold Costello 3 av 150 at





 





 





THE 54.1 c H roar; F A._R M E R





"‘39,“.1‘ Weighing 120-at $9; to Rattkowsky





7 av130 at $9; to Sullivan P. Co. 7 av

135 at.$.8, 24 av 140 at $10.65, 4 av 115 at

$8, 6 av 140 at $10.50.



Haley & M. sold Goose 5 av 120 at $10,

3 av 250 at $5.50, 7 av 140 at $10.50, 2 av

160 at $10, 2 av 100 at $9, 9 av 150 at

$10.50. 2 av 145 at $10.50, 1 weighing 130

at $10.50; to Mich. B. Co. 10 av 131 at

$10.50, 16 av 135 at $10.50; to Sullivan P.

Co. 2 av 145 at $11, 8 av 130 at $10.50;

to Burnstine 3 av 130 at $10, 3 av 130 at

$10.50.



Sandall sold Mich. B. Co. 3 av 140 at

$10. 18 av 125 at $10.50.



Dancer & K. sold Burnstine 3 av 100 at

$8, 7 av 135 at $11.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 2281. Market steady at last

week's prices. Best lambs, $8.75; fair to

good do., $8@8.50; light to common do.,

$6@7.50; yearlings, $7.75@8; fair to good

sheep, $5.50@‘6.50; culls and common,

$4@5.



BiShOD. B. & H. sold Costello 24 lambs

av 70 at $8.50, 23 do av 70 at $8.25. ,29 do

av 50 at $7.75; to Swift & Co. 215 do av

85 at $8.75, 215 do av 86 at $8.75, 33 do

av 85 at $8.75, 230 do av '80 at $8.75. 114

do av 88 at $8.75, 207 do av 75 at $8.75.

75 do av 80 at $8.75, 121 do av 80 at

$8.50,‘20 sheep av 90 at $6.75, 76 do av

95 at $6.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 18 lambs

av 75 at $8.25, 12 do av 60 at $7.50, 13 do

av 65 at $7.50; to Thompson Bros. 47

yearlings av 87 at $7.85; to Sullivan P.

Co. 100 yearlings av '84 at $7.85, 26 sheep

av 120 at $6, 7 lambs av 78 at $8.75.



Spicer & R. sold Costello 11 sheep av

75 at $6.25, 13 lambs av 55 at $7, 8 do

av 75 at $7.50: to Rattkowsky 1 buck

weighing 200 at $5.50; to Mich. B. Co.

23 lambs av 67 at $8. , .



Hogs.



Receipts, 2369. Nothing doing up to

noon; no activity at outside markets;

looks steady with Wednesday, or 30@350

higher than last week.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $9.50; pigs, $9.60; light yorkers, $9.40

@950; stags one-third off.



Bishop. B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

106 av 123 at $9.50.



”Eggs Com. Co. sold same 225 av 190 at



Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & CO.

200 av 210 at $9.45.





Friday's Market.

March 28, 1913.

Cattle.



Receipts this week, 1229; last week,

1522. Market steady at Thursday’s

prices; run very light. We quote: Best

steers and heifers. $8@8.25; steers and

heifers, 1000 to 1200, $7.50@8; do. 800 to

1000. $7627.50; do. that are fat. 500 to 700,

$6597; choice fat COWS, $6@6.75; good do.,

$5@6; common cows, $4.50@4.75; canners

$4@4.25; choice heavy bulls, $650607; fair

to good bolognas, bulls, $5.75@6.25; stock

bulls, $5695.50; choice feeding steers, 800

to 1000. $7@7.50; fair do., 800 to 1000.

$6@6.75; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6.50

@7: fair do, 500 to 700, $550626; stock

heifers $5695.50; milkers. large, young,

medium age, $50@65; common milkers,





$35@45.

Veal Calves.



Receipts this week, 574; last week, 780.

Market steady at Thursday’s prices. Best,

$10@11.50: others, $6@9.50; milch cows

and springers steady.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week. 2718; last week.

0 . Market steady at Thursday's

prices. Best lambs, $8.75; fair to good

do., $8658.50; light to common do., $6@7;

yearlings, $7.75@8; fair to good sheep,

155.50.056.50; culls and common, $3.75@

@425.



H





098.



Receipts this week, 3779; last week,

4292. Market 5c lower than on Thursday.

Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $9.45; pigs, $9.50; mixed, $9.45; Stags

one-third off.





 





 





The ruling prices for beef cattle, as

well as for cattle of the stocker and feed-

er classes. are still extremely high and

promise to remain so for some time, but

whether it is safe for farmers to purchase

the better class of cattle for fattening at

the prices asked by owuers is extremely

doubtful, to say the least. Iver since

the remarkable boom in the choicest

class of long—fed, heavy beeves that took

place during the latter part of last year

there has been a great reluctance among

slaughterers to pay extreme prices, and

as a general rule these have been the

slowest to advance and the first to sell

off, notwithstanding their scarcity. Com-

parison with a year ago will show that

while the advance in prime beef cattle

has been comparatively moderate, the

commoner grades have had an extremely

large advance. Recently sales in the

Chicago stock yards have ranged from

$7@8 per 100 lbs. for the poorer light-

weight steers that have been warmed up

by stockmen, while the choicest cattle

have been bringing $8.75@9.15. Mean-

while stockers and feeders have been

fetching $7.75@8.25 for the better class,

and not long ago a venturesome Indiana

stockman had the courage to pay $8.30

fer a car load of heavy feeders. Beef

steers a year ago brought $5.10@8.85.



J. A. Delfelder, former president of the

American Wool Growers’ Association,

was in Chicago a short time ago arrang-

ing for the reception of a band of 10,000

‘Vyoming lambs which he has been feed-

ing on hay and Nebraska-grown corn in

the Rivertovvn Valley. and which he will

shear and finish at one of the big feed—

ing stations near Chicago. He said there

are very few sheep or lambs feeding in

Wyoming for the market. “It is esti-

mated,” continue-d Mr. ‘Delfelder, “that

two million ewes were bred in Wyoming

this season. The winter has been mild

and open, the bucks haVe done their

work well and sheep on the open range

never wintered better. If spring weather

conditions are propitious. the Wyoming





lamb crop will make a large percentage.’





It must be remembered, however, that

Wyoming now has 50 per cent fewer

sheep than three years ago.” .





MATITE is made



of pitch, and it

makes an ideal roof.

There are two layers of

this wonderful water-

proofing material in

Amatite.





The wearing surface is com-

posed of a pitch-concrete made

by embedding crushed mineral

matter into a tough pitch

matrix.





 





Rain has no more effect on

the pitch than it has on the

mineral, and year after year

Amatite roofs give perfect ser-





 





 





vice Without any paint or care.





 





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Creonoid sprayed on cows keeps away files.





Use it. before milking and. cows will yield l

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—Pl (1 ' .

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gale

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DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FIAvRMER





Eflllllllllllllll||lllllll|lllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllIllllllillllll||||lli|l||lllllllllIlllllllllllllllillllllllilg





g Veterinary. g





i—fillIll|Ill||lllllllll|lllllllllllllllilllllllllllll|||llllIlllllllllllllilll||||||l|IllllillllllllllllllllllliillllIIIIIIIF

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a. fee. of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





Stifle Weakness—Occasionally my 3-

year-old filly drags hind foot a step or

two when first taken out of stall, but

shows no lameness nor swelling of stifle

joint. G. 1)., Nottowa. Mich—Apply al-

cohol to stifle joint twice a day.



1ndigestion—Bloat.—I have a 12-year-

old horse that is inclined to have colic

and more Or less bloating after eating

grain. He also has a bunch on side of

throat about the size of a goose egg. C.

M., Grand Ledge, Mich—Give your horse

a teaspoonful of salicylic acid at a dose

in feed three times a day. He should be

fed no clover or musty, dusty, badly-

cured fodder; furthermore, he should be

watered before feeding him grain. Apply

one part iodine and ten parts lard to

bunch in throat twice a week. .



Goitre—Udder Hemorrhage—I have a.

herd of grade Holstein cows and one-

half of their calves are born with large

necks and live only a few hours. then die.

I also have a heifcr that recently came

fresh and instead of giving milk, blood

came and the udder rapidly lessened in

size. J. R. S., ()wosso, Mich.~Nothing

can be done for such young animals that

have abnormal thyroids and it is per-

haps the result of feeding cows certain

kinds of food. Your other heifer no doubt

met with an injury, causing her to give

blood instead of milk.



“'orms—Lice.—-l have a

colt which is not thriving. it is fed oats

and hay and I am inclined to believe

this a case of worms. My other colts

usually get lousy about this time of the

year and I would like to know what to

use in the shape of a louse-killing pow-

der. ii. C. \V., Montague, Mich—Give

your colt IA, oz. fluid extract gentian, and

:10 grs. of salol at a dose in feed three

times a day. You should increase COlt’S

food supply. adding some roots. Apply

Persian inset-t powder or any of the lice-

killing powders that are so‘regularly ad-

vertised in this paper.



Stricture of Tcat Canal.——I am having

trouble with stricture among our cows

and am unable to cope with it. I wish

you would give causes and treatment for

it. J. B. MCG, Durand, MiclL—Stricture

of teat canal very often follows bacte-

rial infection of udder; it also follows in-

jury to teat and in order to relieve this

stricture condition the opening should be

made larger and this is best done by us-

ing a “concealed bistoury,” which is ar-

ranged so that you can make the opening





two—year-old





 

 





Apply lanolin to hoofs once or twice a.





day, stand him in wet clay not less than

two hours a day. If this treatment fails

to relieve him. ”clip hair off coronet and

apply one part powdered cantharides and

six part ,fresh lard once a week. These

blisters will stimulate a healthy growth

of horn. .

Indigestion-Rheumatism.——First of all

I want to say that the remedies I have

used taken from veterinary department

of the Michigan Farmer, have sawed me

considerable money. I have a ‘mare that

has not done well since last summer and

I was obliged to wean her colt when

three months old. She seems to crave

salt and would cat a handful a day, but

our local Vet. advised me not to give her

much. I am feeding her clover hay,

ground gentian, carrots, beets, also po-

tatoes, but she does not improve much.

I am anxious to put some flesh on her.

I also have a boar that acts dumpish,

has a poor appetite and is not thriving.





C. J. M., Blissfield. Mich—First thing

you do, examine the mare's teeth; they

may need floating. Give her 1/2 oz. of





Fowler’s solution, 1/2 oz. fluid extract of

gentian and 1 dr. fluid extract nux vom-

ica at a dose in feed three times a day.

Her appetite for salt should be satisfied;

however, it should be fed to her in feed

three times daily. Give your hog 10

drops fluid extract nux vomica and a

dessertspOOnful of fluid extract gentian

at a dose in feed three times a day. Also

give him a t aspoonful bicarbonate soda

at a dose in feed nig‘rt and morning.

Horse Becomes Cast in Stall—Infectious

Abortion—I receive much valuable in-

formation through the Veterinary depart-

ment of the Michigan Farmer, but have

failed to notice a remedy for preventing

a horse getting cast in open stall. I also

wiSh to know if it will do any good to

give cows carbolic acid as a preventative

of contagious abortion and if you regard

it as a remedy; what should the dose be?





L. G. 1)., Clayton, Mich.———A horse that

itchcs is inclined to roll on his back,

therefore, if you will groom your horse





well and wet him with a lotion composed

of one part bichloride mercury and 1.000

parts water twice a day, it will make

him more comfortable and less inclined

to roll. He should be kept in a box stall

not less than 12 feet square. and the low—

er three feet of wall should tapen in at

least 18 inches. This will prevent him

getting in corner. Another plan is to

use a blanket with large pad on each side

which will, of course, make it impossible

for him to roll over. Now. regarding the

effectiveness of carbolie acid as a cura-

tive remedy and preventing miscarriage

in cattle. I have my doubts. But. when

it, is given it is usually prescribed in 30

gr. doseS, highly diluted and mixed with

feed every day. The time to get rid of

contagious abortion in your herd is when

your cow calves and following her up

with treatment for two or three weeks

after she freshens. My candid opinion

is that carbolic acid given to cows

will not either prevent or cure abortion,

but it does assist in controlling it.

Bruised Leg.—~I have a young mare

that for three weeks has been troubled

with a swollen hock the result of getting

leg through a stall partition. G. C., Mar-

iette, Mich—Dissolve 14 lb. acetate of

lead, 3 ozs_ sulphate of zinc and 2 ozs.

carbolic acid in a. gallon of water and

apply to hock three times a day. Give

her a dessertspoonful powdered nitrate of





 





APRIL 5, 1918.





 





warranted

to give satisfaction.





 

   

 





GOMBAULS

CAUSIIC BALSAM





A safe, speedy and

positive cure for





Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Cap ed Hock

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diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.

gentifves all Bunches from Horses or

a e.





As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

mntllm, Sprulnl, Sore Throat, etc., it

is invaluable. —



Every bottle of Cnnltlc Balsam sold is

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price 81.50

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use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-

nials,etc. Address





' TEE LAWRENCE-WILLIAIS COMPANY, Cleveland. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 





) Removes Bursal Enlargements,

Thickened, Swollen Tissues,

g I Curbs, Filled Tendons, Sore-

mm Al... ness from any Bruise or Strain;

Cures Spavin Lameness, Alloys Pain.

Does not Blister, remove the hair or

lay up the horse. $2.00 a bottle, de-

livered. Book 1 K free.

A B S U R B lN [J R the antiseptic

limment f o r

mankind. For Synovitis,Strains, Gouty

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SAVE-THE—H RS





 

 





 





 





(Trade Mark Registered.)





4

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lMaKe Farming Pay

Use Labor-Saving Equipments.

Handling your hay easier and in less





   





 





in tent any size you please. After the

operation trcat wound with a few drops

will form





 





potash at a dose in feed twice a day.

Chronic Stifie Lameness—\Veakness.—~





   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

   





 





     

 





 





 





 





 





my Shropshire ewes droppcd twin lambs ‘whcn on dry feed.





 





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803 XVI-st Broadway,

FAIRFIELD, IOWA.





 

 





 





 

 

 

 





 





Test this nay PreSs

_ w __ IO days ‘

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Write today for FREE Cntnlol.





 





 

 

 

 





Don't. break your back lining. Put. your engineto work.

has it save you time and earn money driving an _





Ireland Holst

Eaves one man and two horses. Strong,

heavy, durable, fully guaranteed. We al-

so build Drug Saws, Wood Says, Shin-

gle Mills, Saw mills. Send for literature.

hing a Poundfiyytio. ,





and bcfore they. were an hour old she

had bitten off their tails. They bled so

much that I took them away from her

and when returned, she was inclined to

bite them and would have perhaps killed

them both. “'hut ailed hcr‘? \\". “7.,

Sunfield. l\Iich.—On account, of her hav-

ing a high temperature she became de-

lirious and, of course, did not know what

she was doing. If you have another case

give her 15 drops of tincture aconite. 15

grs. of bromide of potash at a dose ev-

cry three hours and apply cold wet cloths

to upper portion of head: also give her

enough epsom salts or castor oil to open

bowels.



Sow Eats Pigs—I have a sow that has

had three different litters of pigs and

she has eaten two of these litters, and I

would like to know if there is a preventa-





tive? A. Y., Kalamazoo, Mich—Feeding

meat to sows of this kind is claimed to

assist in preventing sows from eating





any or all of their litter; however, I am

inclined to believe that there is no rem-

edy for a vice of this kind. Feeding sows

a. mixed ration before farrowing is per-

haps the best preventative.



ChrOnic Fistula of Face—I have a.

horse that has had fistula of face for a

long time and I applied a remedy taken

from the Michigan Farmer, which slough-

ed out pipes and now I would like to

know what should be applied to heal

sore. W. T. T.. Newberry, Mich.——You

had better apply one part iodoform and

15 or 20 parts boracic acid twice a day.

Before applying this powder, use hydro-

gen peroxide to clean out pus.



Foot Lameness.—~I recently purchased

a small pony that has contracted fore

feet and I find that the frogs are ex-

tremely hard and I have applied cow ma-

nure to soften them, but it fails to re-

lieve soreness. D. P., Ithaca, Mich.—





 





Your cow would do a whole lot better in

if she was fed plenty of

roots. Also give 1 oz. cooking soda, 1

oz, ground gentian and 1 oz. powdered

charcoal at a dose in feed three times a

day. Change method of feeding calves

and they will do all right.



Light Milken—I have a three-year—old

cow that came fresh last September. In

December she fell off in her milk and

although on a full feed of cob meal, lin-

seed and cottonseed meal. I fail to in-

crease her milk flow. \V. S., Dclton,

Mich—As your cow appears to be in

perfect health, I do not, believe it good

judgment to give her drugs. but would

advise giving her more bran, middlings,

roots and clover hay.



IVarbies.—My cows have grubs in their

backs; how can I get rid of them and

what harm will they do if nothing is

done? V. J. C., Jonesville, Mich—Grubs

in the back of cattle cause some irrita-

tion and uneasiness, also perforate the

hide, making it worth less when sold. Use

a sharp penknife to make opening large

enough to squeeze out grubs and, of

course, be sure and kill them. Also ap-

ply boracic acid to wound twice a day

until it heals. Paint the smaller ones

with tincture iodine once a day.



Inflammation of Stomach and Intestines.

—Have lost about 30 of my hens lately;

they first act dumpish for a day or two

.then die. Bowels loose and has a bad

odor. These chickens have a wide range

and a variety of food. Have buried dead

ones right away and given the whole flock

iron and pepper in drinking water. J.

W. F., Milan, Mich.——Your chickens die

from a. parasitic diseaSe affecting and

causing inflammation of the stomach and

intestines. Or you may have caused it





winter months





by feeding too much cayenne pepper and





overloading the stomach. Give 1,5 gr. of

salol in a. teaspoonful of olive oil at a





u





 





Send today

'0'“ only will cur. m, c... or

PERMANENT "'0'"! refund“





 





t‘ m of peroxide hydrogen. which . ,,

"n" means ore money. gas and dilate teat canal. I would like to know how to treat my

. .1 . _Louden Hay Tools are lndigcstion—~Impaction.—I would like to two-year-old filly. She is troubled With HY]: LAEEES'I; sm'fihfiig‘é’dbnlgnofiiis'l‘imh 1"

designed. better: bu'lit but?“ WI“ know what is wrong with my shcep; five stifle lameness and I am inclined to be- aver-1031.300 hgglegligi?anngbonv—Thoropin—Srgzhilg

IL mind” [“23" loads” 1‘55 “"‘c a,” of the 42 have been sick and one of licvc she is not well for she tires out mdAL‘LLameneas. ItisaMlndBettler—Telsnow

w wnhlcss cfloniha" °‘h.°'5' They re them died. The firSt symptom is dull— quickly. J. T., Selkirk. Mich—Apply one 3° T9“ for 3P8Vin- “$0130 torn me Horse,

irouble-prooiandrepair "00‘: ness. kicking the abdomen, stretching and part iodine and 10 parts fl‘CSh lard ,tO D°'°“58 “flu“L"°"°"-m“‘"‘°d- MAILEDFBH‘

00 _Louden 5 Junior Bay Center is Shifting position. i gave them salts and stifle every two or three days and give ow!!! d Butnmtedmfllbhsiguactfigtgr‘:

I x3315;23::li?llt;1li|nTselil;gagging; this seemed to Cure four. but the other hcr if“. dr. of ground nux VOmIC‘fl. 2' (lFS- xomn;§m°:n’;bmn;gg 33:35,, ovenon .‘

a ropes;adjustnblcstops;runs ensillyigwiil 0118 (“ML C. A. l\f.. “’E‘I‘il'ml. ,Mi0h~“ gm‘md ge‘l‘tm“ and 4 d".s' ground ginger "unkind of one. and advice-311 W(W.h°fl°

is not hunt on mick. Your sheep suffer from indigestion and at a dose in feed three times a day. ownero and managers). ,,

P Louden’s BalanceGrappie Fork imllaPliOH 0f the bOWNS- Giving 111?") I'nthrifty Cows—I have a cow that Writ“ «6ND STOP THE‘LOSB. Y :

RK isthc only fork that willhandlc all short either epsom salts 01‘ castOI‘ 0” and olive thrives well when on grass, but in the TROYCBEMICALCO. 2 Commercehvanghmtomll. .

wo stuff as Pericctly as Timmhy. Carries oil to erupt." their bowels is good prac- winter. while eating dry feed, she grad- Druggiau everywhere loll anothonoleTlI i

E haliaton Withoutaslrain. Good in the ticc. If you suspect any of your sheep ually loses appetite until she eats only CONTRACT or sent by In Expreu Prepaid» -

“ER barn or for stackmgnn the field. lof not thriving and if their bowels are about enough to keep her alive. She is 1

See the London line at your dealers very costive you had better give them now eight years old and has been in this \

w LL orlwriie for Illustraich (éataiiig fi"ving either one of these cathartics. condition for three years. Her calves , MINERAL

fulinformaiionabout an en ay ools, I qr, , p 8—4 ew an ’s a 0 one of appear to do well When young. but Change ‘\ In H ‘l

A n. no Iw . . f 3 g A. L., Hillman, Mich. Use EA E i





0,1335? REMEDY





 





/

,/",/.

’/





I'HEAV ES”; \





 

   

   

 

   





31 Package



cures ordinary cases.

. ‘ Postpaid on receipt of price.



Agents Wanted

‘ Write for descriptive booklet





 

   

 





u





   

 





flUinorai Have Remedy Con-163 Fourth Av... Pittsburgh.





 





one memo Kl ALI. nuts





and keeps SHEEP free from fresh attacks.

Used on 260 million sheep annually. Increases

quantity and quality of wool. Improves appear-

ance and conditio of flock. If dealer can’t

supply you send $1. 5 for $2 packet. Shipments

can be made from New York City. Specially

illustrated booklet on "Ticks" sent free for ask-

, ing. a. post. card brings it.



WI. COOPER & IEP GIIIGAIO. ILLS.

Dept. 23 M I. note 8t.





 





 





When writing advertisers





. . _ please

mention The Michigan Farmer.
iu.‘





 





 





 





 





APRIL 5, mg.





dose ‘ two or three times a day ”and change

their feed. You had better put some

oatmeal in their drinking water and it

would help them to give 1 gr. of bicar-

bonate soda and 2 grs. of sub-nitrate bis-

muth three times a day. .4



Loss of Appetite—My brood sow that

was bred three .weeks ago lost her ap-

petite two days ago; she arches her back

and acts as though she had the rheuma-

tism. H. B. L. White Cloud, Mich—Give

sow 1 oz, castor oil, 2 ozs. of olive oil to

clean out stomach and» bowels; then give

4 grs. quinine and 1 dr. ground gentian,

either in feed'or as a drench three times

a day. Feed her some apples, carrots,

cabbage, or potatoes, and instead of feed-

ing her corn. feed oats. Apply one part

turpentine, one part aqua ammonia and

six parts olive ’oil to back once a day.



Turkeys have Tuberculosis—I am anx-

ious to know what ails my turkeys. They

have swollen knees and bunches on their

wings; they are very lame and move

about with difficulty. I have kept them

in basement of barn all winter and fed

them mostly corn and oats. J. H. Y.,

Levering, Mich—I am inclined to believe

that your turkeys suffer from tubercu-

losis. which is not an uncommon disease

in turkeys; however, it is possible keen—

ing them in basement may have pro—

duced rheumatism, affecting the joints.

Give 1, gr. sodium salicylate at a_ dose two

or three times a day and paint knees

and bunch on wing with iodine three

times a week.



Roarer.—I have a mare 12 years old

that has enlarged throat glands and when

traveling fast breathes like a wind-brok-

en horse, but soon after stopping her she

breathes quietly. E. O. “K, St. John s.

Mich—Apply one part iodine and ten

parts fresh lard to enlarged glands three

times a week.



Sluggish Kidneys—My mare seems to

have some difficulty in passing urine, but

appears to be in good health. E. H..

Dowagiac, Mich—Mix together equal

parts powdered buchu leaves. powdered

nitrate of potash and resin and give her

a tablespoonful at a dose three times a

do .



Xcute Lymphangits.——My 18—year-old

horse swelled buddy in one hind leg, also

under 'the belly, but i succecded in re-

ducing quite a portion of swelling. Now

i would like to know if I can remove the

rcmainng SWelling? 10. B. T., Belleville,

Mich.-Give 2 am. potassium iodide and

apply extract of witch hazel to leg with





cotton and bandage over it, twice or

three times a- day. It is doubtful about

your removing all the swelling. He





should be exercised every day and never

fed much grain when idle.



Contagious Abortion—Rolls in Stall——

Impaciion.—I have a mare that lost her

colt some three years ago: colt came SIX

months too early. at which time she

stocked under belly. I would also like

to know how to prevent her from rolling,r

in stable and if rolling r‘ght not cause

a miscarriage. I would also like to know

if I had'better continue feeding my mare

that had impacton. some molasses. She

has thrived since you prescribed for her.

.i. I. W., NOrth Branch. Mich.——Your mare

may have produced miscarriage twice by

rolling and getting cast in stall, but I am

inclined to believe she suffers from con-

tagiOus abortion. Dissolve 1 dr. per—

manganate potash in One gallon of tepid

water and inject her with this lotion three

times a week. Why don't you keep the

mare in a large box stall? Feed your

mare some roots and plenty of well salt-

Cd bran mash to keep her bowels open.



Indigestion—J‘have a cow that came

fresh November 1: have been feeding her

clover hay, oil meal, and ground grain.

She eats well, looks fine. but very sud—

denly lessened to :1 pint of milk at a

milking and I am not sure that the sup-

ply is of normal quality. H. 1)., Durand,

Mich.—-Give her 1 lb_ sulphate magnesia

and 30 grs. of calomcl at one dose to 0p-

en bowels. Also give her 1 oz. ground

ginger, 1 oz. bicarbonate soda, and 2 drs.

salicylic acid in feed three times a. day.

A change of feed will greatly benefit her.



Navel Infection—The last two cows I

have had freshen lost their calves about

four to seven days after they Were born.

These cows were apparently in good

health, udders free from cake or other

disease of bag. I feed the cows clover

hay and ground oats for grain ration. H.

B.. Palmyra, Mich—Your calves died, not

from any diseased condition of their

mother. but from becoming infected

through navel. The cord of every young

animal should be tied with a sterilized

string and a good home healing remedy

should be applied to navel twice until it

heals.



Knuckling.-——I have a. nine—month-old

colt that is knuckling On both hind fet-

lock joints and I would like to know

what can be done for it? J. V. 0., Conk-

lin, Mich—Apply one part turpentine,

one part aqua ammonia and five parts

soap liniment to fetlock joints two or

three times a week.



Partial Paralysis—I have a cow that



commenced showing lameness in one hind

leg about two months before she fresh-

ened and gradually got worse and finally

could not get up for three weeks before

she calved and her calf is now four weeks

old, but she has not been able to get up

without assistance for the seven weeks.

We put a sling under her and helped her

up, but I do not believe it helped her

very much. C. S. D., Vermontville, Mich.

Give her 1% drS, ground nux vomica and

2 drs. potassium iodide at a dose in feed

three times a day. Apply equal parts

turpentine. aqua ammonia and raw lin-

seed oil to back every day or two. A190

give her a tablespoonful powdered salt-

Deter once or twice a day, if her kidneys

do not act free enoug .

- Hard Milken—I have a cow that milks

extremely hard and I have thought that

a. good deal of the trouble was in end of

teat. G. A. I...” Vermontville, Mich—By

dilating the teat canal with a. tapering

highly polished, dull-pointed steel probe

once a dull. You will help her,





, T HEMICH I‘GA‘vN . FA RM ER v





In his laborato

Dr. Hess OLD” D. .S.) has 9.1





or the U. S. Diapensatory.





‘ pensatory.

Dr. Hess Stock Tonic our Pr

contains:





In: Vomica. Digestive

Nerve Tonic.





Digestive Tonic

and Warm Expeller.





Bflplouoflroa. Blood ““9159 ”“1

Builder





39cm mu. Laxative.

Nitrate otPotuh. Stim-

ulate: kidneys





Charcoal. Prevents

Noxious Gases.

Pal: . Tonic and

AIM.

The above is carefully

. compounded by Dr. Hess

(It. .,D.V.S.) with us!

enough cereal men to

make a perfect mixture.





 





 

 

 





 





 





back if it doesn't.





relieve stock ailments can be verif

The formula for





Dr. Hess*SiockiTonic





is printed in the left-hand panel here with extracts from the U. S. Di!-

goes furtherfind makes this proposition:

Hess Stock Tonic to your horses. your cattle.

your hog: and your sheep: especially when you are preparing for

ed beyond the shadow of a doubt that

y mcreastng digestion, improving

ce. keeping your animals free from _

worms. go to your dealer and he ls under con-

tract with us to refund





Dr. Hess even

Mont—Feed Dr.





market. If you are not confine

it has proven a paying investment b

the general condition and appearan

free from





General . .

Tonic. Dr. Hess Stock Tome m

Sulphate of Soda. Laxa-

tive and Liver Tonic.

common au¢.Appeflzex-. remed , write us care of the

Cleanser.





 

 





Learn





What You Buy .





Work of a lifetime and selling his various scientific products '



, ways taken our farmers into his fullest confidence.

He believes that the farmer should know exactly what he buys. It is his beliefthat



the more people that know what Dr. Hess St





our mone .





DR. HESS a; CLARK

Ashland, Ohio





We guarantee it t





Ashland, Ohio





 





ock Tonic is made of the better. Then there

is no mygfirdy. no exaggeration—all claims that Dr. Hess Stock Tonic will increase growth

and milk led by referringto the medical writings





Y

-lb. pails costs you $1.60; loo-lb. sacks 85.00.

1y costs 8 etc. per month for the average hog.

Furthermore, for any condition which Dr. Hess Stock Tonic does not. -

_ Information Bureau and special prescrlp-

tion Will be furnished you free of charge.





Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-ea





The ingredients of this poultry table are also printed on. the package.

effects poultry must derive from these ingredients.

chicks to robust maturity, shorten the moultmg period and keep your flock hardy and well.



If your dealer cannot supply you, we Will. .





DR. HESS & CLARK





0 make your hens lay more eggs. help





INSTANT lOUSE KILLER KILLS llGE





/ll

% l





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





   

 





FWW/Il





(Ix/111,140.41





 

 

 





 





 

 





 





1%

mi" “I‘M-fl"

4....





Your druggist will tell you what beneficial





Your money





 





 





Conia





 

 





by it.





 





tagious an





every year.





 





 





“Experiment is more

costly than neglect”

-Dr. Roberts.





 

 





gious Abortion





Worse Than Tuberculosis in Cows





Fully a fourth of all the cows of the country are affected

There is loss of calf, loss of milk, damage to the

cow, dama e to the entire herd. Disease 15‘ highly con—

spreads rapidly when started. Losses run into

hundreds of millions





 

 

 





yours. send25ce his and receive a copy direct. postpaid.





Dr. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY CO. 964 Broadway. Waukesha, Wis.





, Dr. David Roberts'

Anti-Abortion Treatment

Stamps Out the Disease





because it meets the germ at every turn.

ANTI-ABORTION medicine overcomes

the germ in the mother's blood.

ANTISEPTO overcomes the germ in the

genital organs.



IBIIPECTALI. overcomes the germs in

the stables.

No one medicine can possibly overcome

the disease.

Dr. Roberts’ treatment. applied by your-

self. makes it impossible for abortion to

exist in your her .

The Practical Home Veterinarian, Dr. Roberts’

great book, gives particulars on all animal

diseases. 184 pages. Praciiml, plain, authorita-

tive. Best book published for posting up on your

Distributed free at drug stores. It not at





 

 





 





 





 





   





Saginaw Valley Stock Farm





Importers of





Belgian and Percheron

Stallions and Mares.





Fnrmeriy cf Decatur, Radian. 15 Years important.





 

   





 





 





 





$35t0$75 WEEKLY m A

Bus! 55 or YOUR own





We need a man—Farmer's son preferred—to

handle household necessities always in use. terri-

tory is free—work profitable. steady and healthful.





No Experience Necessary FRE





WE TEACH YOU





If you are ambitious lot a business all your own. write

for our planije will explain everything in detail,

many are making bi money ev week under our

direction and plans of odern Merchandising. You

um do t same—tins is your opportunity—take ad-





)xoca v.r.co





_ Boxn ::

' Winona, Minn.





 





vantage of it—writc today.





 

   

   

 

 





 





 





)‘3’9'23 (Wt/x”

aptly ..-_..41





FOR SALE gas-veer-





PERCHERON STALLION





Chapelle No. 62940





Sire Olbert. Site of dam—Calypso. A. black weigh-

Ing 1800 lbs. Bred by the Michigan Agricultural

College. and owned by





A. A. PALMER & SONS, fielding, Mich.





Pneumonia





bred for utility as well an chow» quality.



includes several international winners. Young

oekfor sale. Come. or write



B. F. ANDERSON. B. No. l. Adratn. Michigan.





PEIGIIEIOIS—BUGKS and GRAY:





We can show more bone and muscle than any breed-

er in .Mlchifin. Young stock for sale from mare.

weight 1 to 2000 lbs. Innocent 79KB (7&5)

weight lbs. at head of stud.



CHAS. 050000 & SONS.





     

     

 





 





 





 





Mendel: , Mich





m ed and um bred W mak '-

1 min: & gemheron SW:- ale of con“ :3.

Bone and.Weigl-lt.. G. t H. LOCKER luflton. Ohio.





BUSY





EVERY DAY





SHOWING





STALLIONS





SELLING





AT THE





LOW DOLLAR





SEE THEM AT





GEO.W. SOUERS & SONS,





HUNTINGTON. INDIANA.





(Stallion Service Book, 10 cents.)





DUNHAMS’

PERCHERONS





are today as for the past

forty-seven years the





- B-E-S-T-

Fresh importation. Cat~

alogue F REE.





hummus. Wayne. On Page County. Ill.

TWO PERCflERON STIlIlS. CIII'ZAI’.





One imported 13-year-old, wei be 1800 lbs. in. bread-

ln condition. One registered ve-yeabold. weighing

in Show (It. Both horses are black with star. Sound.

bi$boned23ud setters of hi , uniform colts, ri uttered

In . 6. of A. J. 0. Butler. Miamuich. Bellzplxone.





SOME flue {oung registered Clydesdale Stallions

. for Sale rom Ito mold. In the spring some

Will make ton horses with lots of quality and good





 





 

 





 





 





Fractious-am “1.6:... “we:





 





J. M. mouse 83133. R'.'2. St. Johns. Michigan.





notion. Must be sold before the tint. of April.

« F. A. PETZ. Capac. Michigan.





 





 





   





 





Just arrived with an extra good importation

oi stallions from 2 to lyears old. which we

ofl’er at very reasonable and attractive prices

With guarantee the best. If you come with

cash or bookable paper we will try our best

to sell to you. We have our selling cloth on

every day in week. Write your wants or

come and see us.





ELI SPRUNGER In SON, Props.

Boll Phone 292 I 4—2. Saginaw. W5. Mich.





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





 





BELGIANS





NEW IMPORTATION





 





We have given more than a quarter

century to importing breeding and dis-

trlbution of the Belgian horse. We

‘handle no other brood and believe we

have now In this new importation of

stallions and more: a clan of horses

that will _ you. 3nd all are for

pic at prices not acid by anyone

in the bosom when Inuit is concidor

ed. Will be plemdto have you not

about them and to visit us at. any time.





[1.8: H. WOLF





Wabash, Ind.

HBWO STOCK FARM
452—28





POTATO bugs

"and the host of en-





emies of your vines are

on the job early and late.





Your best defense is in

using our Devoe 8: Ray-

nolds Co.’s’ Pure Paris

Green. Use it when

the bugs first appear.





You’ll have a better fruit

crop if you use our Devoe

Sprays-Arsenate of Lead,

and Lime and Sulphur Sol-

ution.





Specify these goods in

ordering. It will pay.





Devoe 8t Raynolds Co.

171 West Randolph St.

Chicago





New York Kansas City





Largest makers of pure paints





 





FREE TRIAL. No money

inadvance-Nobankdeposit.

Don't lei. blight scab,roi. or bugs

out your yield in half. Hurst Spray-

ers pay for themselves n Extra Profit. an and

Horse Power—high pressure—cyclone agitation. Brass

ball valves, plungers, cylinder and strainer. No leather



. or rubber to cause trouble. Guaranteed 5 you".



pay fret. ht. Write today for catalog,

, ' spraying guide and '

_’ ' our Special Free

Sprayer Offer.





24w North St.

0 o.





 





 





 





AGRIGIILTIIIIAL LIME





Now is the time to place your orders for the





Strongest Lime in Ohio





to benefit your soil. The Government and ex-

perimental station advocate its use. Write

for prices. sample: and free booklet.





,The Scloio lime a Stone 00., Delaware, 0.





PULVERIZED lIME ROCK





for correcting acidity in soil. We pulverize

the genuine magnesian rock and ship direct to

you from our new pulverizing plant at Mus-

kegon. Mich, Write today for sample and

interesting soil literature. Act NOW and double

your crops this season. A postal will do.





LAKE SHORE STONE COMPANY,

MILWAUKEE. Wiscousm.





WEEDLESS nun suns





Are what we are tryin harder than ever to furnish

our customers. FRE SAMPLES will show that we

come pretty near doing it. In many yarieties we DO

IT Red Mammoth, Alsike, Alfalfa. Timothy, Orchard

seed of any

Write today.

Ohio.





 





 





 





 





Grass, Sweet Glover and all others.

kind to sell. send samples and price.





0. M. SCOTI' & SON, 56 Main Street. Marysville,





Hill’s Evergreens Grow





All hardy stock—twice trans-



planted—root pruned. Pro-

tect buildings, stock, crops.

Hill’s Evergreen Book, illustra-

ted in colors, Free. Write today.





.1). Hill Nurser Co. , Inc. .230 Cedar 81.,

Dundee,lll. vergreen Specialists





   

   

 





 

 

   





 





fiC‘i. Farm Seeds 3233;;





ILéIiIZDS‘ I Medium, Mammoth and A l s i k e

1"" " I Clover. Timothy, Grasses. Beans. etc.

‘z’r.’ o. c. sacrum co..9 M Ave..Medina. o.





 





 





WHOLESALE PRICES





On .1 worth and up. Strawberry. Raspberry,

Blackberry. Bush Plants, Grape Vines, and Garden Roots.

Extra heavy rooted, high grade stock. No better

plants can be grown. Everything fully guaranteed.

Catalog free. .

A. A. WESTON & 00.. Bride-man- Michigan





—Spreads as evenly

as a snow fall. any

quantity desired.

and does not balk.



CLEMENT MFG. 00.. Adrian, Michigan.





The Berlin Quart Our Specialty





A WHITE package which insures



, highest prices for your fruit.



;,' Write for 1913 catalog show-



ing our complete line. and secure



your BASKETS. CRATES. etc. at

WINTER DISCOUNTS



III. IEILII FIIIII' IIIX 30..

Berlin IIOIlIllI. one. i





 

   

   

   

   





 





 

 

 





 





THE MICHIGAN FA-RMER~ /.





NEW THOUGHTS IN ORCHARDING.





 





The discussion of this general theme by

W. W. Farnsworth, of Ohio, in his lucid

and practical way, before the winter ses-

sion of the State Horticultural Society

at Jacksoa last week, proved a. most

profitable number of the excellent pro-

gliim given on that occasion.





Thorough Orchard Drainage.



If not provided naturally the grower of

fruit must see to it that his ground is

well drained should he seek the most

economical results from his labors. On

wet soils it frequently happens that

spraying is delayed because it is impos-

sible to get the team and the spray rig

on the ground. The damage resulting

from such delays in some seasons will

often amount to a considerable partgof

the cost of tiling the land. Again, fruit

growers are cognizant of the advantage

of starting cultivation of the land early

to liberate plant food and conserve mois-

ture for later use, and this is made pos-

sible through careful drainage. Still an-

other advantage comes in planting trees

and bushes and vines, in that they can

be gotten into the soil at a much ear-

lier period, thus aiding them to get a.

far better start the first season of growth

in the orchard. Other reasons exist why

the fruit grower should give this matter

special attention but these are important

ones and of peculiar interest to the man

producing fruit.



Have Plenty of Equipment.



Although there is a tendency for most

growers to be provided with just enough

equipment to do the work under pressure,

it was the declaration of Mr. Farnsworth

after many years of experience and study

that a fruit grower ought to have a, re-

serve of equipment. In his own case two

spray rigs would handle his work toler—

ably well, but he has invested in three

rigs so that if the occasion demands,

work can be rushed or, should one of the

rigs in use fail for any reason, the third

spraying outfit is available to carry on

the work as it shOuld be. He believes

that the insurance gained by having this

larger equipment exceeds the interest on

the investment and helps to make his

fruit production more certain. In other





 





lines of equipment the same argument

holds, more particularly, however, for

that equipment used for work that must

be accomplished at some definite time.





The Use of the Disk.



In orchard cultivation, Mr. Farnsworth

believes that the future will see agreat-

er use of the disk barrow than is made

of it at the present time. He mention-

ed two particular advantages that this

implement has over the ordinary plow:

The disk leaves the land in smoother con-

dition—doing away with the dead fur-

I‘OVVS-—all(l prevents the breaking of the

tree roots. The large amount of team

and hand work done in the orchard makes

it desirable to have the ground as level

as it can be kept consistent with efficient

cultivating operations. Again, there has

been a tendency in recent years to feed

the trees more, that larger annual crops

may be produced, and if we each spring

break off a large number of feeding roots

by cutting them with the plow, we natu-

rally reduce the feeding capacity of the

root system of the trees. Inasmuch as

the disk leaves practically all of these

feeding roots intact its use is to be fav-

ored over that of the plow. Now that

the gasoline tractor is being employed

in our larger orchards, the use of the

double disks of larger size is certain to

find a more extensive place in the future

cultivation of big orchards, at least.



Early Culture. .

We do not seem to appreciate the nec-

essity of breaking the orchard soil early

in the season. Nevertheless distinct ad—

vantages accrue to the practice as ex-

periments of Mr. Farnsworth and others

show. The reason, perhaps, why early

cultivation is not better attended to is

due to the fact that our trees live on for

several years. \Vith an annual crop we

note the results from late sowing that

same year and are usually able to trace

the cause of a poor crop to its source,

but the influence on trees may extend

over a number of years, and thereby be

partially lost from view, although the

greater influence of cultural methods is

likely to be seen the same year the work

is performed. This early culture traps

the moisture for the use of the trees

later in the season when needed to de-

velop the crop, and also warms up the





 





soil, gives freer access to air, and im-





tivity of bacterial life.

The Use of Fillers.





 





With the appreciation in land values

there comes a. strong incentive for own-





 





.\L





ers to better occupy the land while an

orchard is developing. Mr. Farnsworth

gave it as his opinion that, because at

the fact that different kinds of fruit re-

quire different cultural methods and soil

conditions, the best plan to follow is to

use the same kind of fruit f0r fillers as

are used for permanent planting. For

instance, he would use apples as fillers

in an apple orchard, selecting the early

varieties for this purpose. Then, just

before the trees begin crowding the 9.1-,

ternate ones can be removed.





Fertilizing the Orchard.



While a. New York bulletin raised the

question a couple of years ago as to the

advisability of fertilizing orchards grow-

ing on strong soils, Mr. Farnsworth is a

firm believer in the practice of feeding

hard-working trees. He is confident that

in his own experience the reasonable use

of stable manure and commercial fer-

tilizers is not only beneficial but highly

profitable in the production of fruit.



Cover Crops.



Mr. Farnsworth employs a variety of

cover crops. There are conditions which

make certan ones more desirable than

others, and he aims always to select the

crops to suit the need. He has used sand

vetch, mammoth clover, cowh-orn turnips,

sow beans and millet to mulch, enrich

the soil, regular-e moisture and perform

the other functions of these crops.



The Curculio.



Mr. Farnsworth has abandoned the old

method of fighting the curculio, which

method consisted of running a canvas

hopper underneath the tree. jarring the

branches and causing the insects to fall

into the hopper. His present method is

to spray with arsenate of lead for this

insect. By doing this work carefully for

a series of years he finds that now there

are very few of the curculios remaining.

The same may also be said of plum rot,

which is controlled by a. fungicide



Spraying Large Orchards.



The question or how the large orchards

now being planted can be properly spray-

ed was raised in a previous discussion.

and Mr. Farnsworth took occasion to

state that he- believed to a certain degree

this difficulty could have been overcome

had they planted a diversity of fruits,

using such kinds as will enable the grow-

er and his men to treat the different

kinds at different times. This arrange-

ment also makes possible a more eco-

nomic method of handling fruit, since la-

bor can be employed better than it can

were a limited number of varieties of a.

single kind is planted.



Thinning Frults.



One of the most profitable practices in

the fruit orchard is that of thinning. Mr.

Farnsworth not'only thins his peaches

and plums, but apples, pears and other

fruits. The greatest good is secured

when the work is done as soon after the

June drop as possible. The size of the

specimens are often increased from 25 to

50 per cent where proper thinning has

been done. A number of incidents has

caused him to conclude that the succeed-

ing year’s crop is superior on trees that

are thinned than on those not so treat-

‘ed. Usually thinning is not done prop-

erly, especially by men new at the work

who will not remove a sufficient amount

of fruit to be effective. He- finds that

ordinarily a man has to be called back to

his first tree three or four times before

he learns how to take off a. proper num-

ber of specimens.



The Advantage of Keeping the Orchard

Sanitary.



There is an advantage in persistent

spraying. For a long term of years Mr.

Farnsworth has practiced careful spray-

ing and he has learned from that expe-

rience that his orchards have become

freer from insect pests and fungus dis-

eases than are thOSe plantations lacking

this attention. At the present time he

finds that the purpose of spraying is al-

most completely accomplished by going

over his trees twice. What he means by

a. single application, hOWever, is not

merely sprinkling the trees upon one





\





side, but at_least from two sides, and if





the trees are large, applications from

three and four sides constitute a single

spraying. He took the precaution, how-

ever, to advise others that they should

not depend upon giving but two applica-

tions of spray for the reason that his

orchards are peculiarly located, there be—

ing but few other growers in his immedi-

ate community, and from the fact above

mentioned that he has followed a careful

program of spraying for many years.

Since Mr. Farnsworth grows a very su-





proves conditions generally for the ac- Operior quality of fruit this condition tes-





tifies to the advantage of constant spray-

ing and to the good that would result if

every person having trees w0uld practice

that same method.





 





 





“Shall I Buy a

Spramotor





or an ordinary spraying outfit?”





That’s the question.



Your decision should be determined

by what you expect the machine to do

and how long you expect it to do it.



If you want a durable hand machine

for the purpose of destroying weeds—

spraying orchards, potatoes and row

crogs—one that you can also paint

wit —you want a





Hand Spramotor





If you want a durable H. P. machine

to do all these things besides spraying

grain and doing the white-washing

you want. a i





H. P. Spramotori





If you want a durable gasoline ma-

chine to do all these things in abigger

way but mainly for orchard work and

white-washing you want the





Model “0” Spramotor





The SPRAMOTOR in every class,

has demonstrated its superiority to

all other spraying outfits and‘ there's

one built specifically for your needs.





Prices rang; from $6 to $350.





Write for Catalog.





SPRAMOTOR Ltd.

1605 Erie St., Buffalo, N. Y.





 





 





 





 





Michigan Experiment Association

Offers Seed For Sale "I.





This society is organized for the purpose of teetinc.

growin and distr huting im roved seeds and the

study 0 other local crop pro lems in oo-operation

with the Michigan Agricultural College. Members of

the'Association offer for sale pure seeds of several

varieties of cats, corn. wheat, beans. and potatoes.

Most of these have been bred by the College and all

have been tested by members of the association in

comparison _w1th .other varieties. As the supply of

these seeds is limited. orders should be sent in earl .

When ordering fiéve a. cgeful description of your soil.

Address; SECR TAR MICHI AN'IEXPER -

MENT ASSOCIATION. East Lansing. Mich.| .ul





SEEDBEANS





Spring Rye and Buckwheat.

Northern Michigan Grown.

ASK FOR PRICES.





TRAVERSE 0|" IIILLIIIIi 00.

Traverse City, Mich.





BIG ssro noox FREE





Just out. Contains

92 pages of valuable and useful information with

prices on implements and ALL KINDS OF SEEDS

including Alsike, Alfalfa. Crimson. White, Red and

Sweet Clover; Timothy. Grass and Field Seeds. Bar-

ley, Seed Oats. Seed Corn. and“. a complete line of

Vegetable and Garden Seeds. Simply send your

name and address on a postal to





THE HENRY PHILIPPS .SEED 8i IM-

PLEMENT 00., Dept. 0. Toledo, Ohio





. FOR SALE.





Common Red Clover Seed. true to name.



Green Mountain Potatoes great blight resistors.



Black Victor Oats, a great feedin oat.



Wing‘s White Ca rn. thoroug ly acclimated.

fire-dried. COLON . LILLIE, Coopersville, Mich





—-100 varieties—32 l

StraWbeny Plants Early and late segdr p382:

toes. asparagus roots. All as ood as'grow—at bargains.

Catalog free. J. G. PRE TAGE, Allegan, Mich;





 





 





 





 





 





F WE CAN'T SAVE YOU MONEY. don’t buy but

send for our Catalogue and sec. Apple Trees 80,

Peach 30, Cherry 80. Peer 150 and up. All kinds

of Shade Trees. Berry plants, Roses Privet. etc.

An Orange or Lemon lant that bear free with

order. ERNST NURSE IES. Box 2. Moscow, Ohio.





500,000 TREES, APPLE, PEACH, ETC.





200.000 Strawberry plants. Catalo 9 Free.

W. A. ALLEN. & SON, sleneva. Ohio.





 





(”Ts—Reg. Swedish Select and Imp. American. Two



best yielders. A so SEED CORN.Seed Potatoes

Clover, Timothy and GARDEN SEEDS. amples and

catalog free. THEO. BURT a SON. Melrose, Ohio.





 





REGENERATED Swedish Select Reoleaned Oats at

75c bu. Fine ellow dent seed corn :2 bu. age

Free. JOHN L HMAN. Sr" Hamilton. Michigan.





SEED CORN—Early white cap dent. fire dried. yield





 





 





over 100 bus. to acre. 81 per bus. on our order-e rl .

, on. o. s. LAYTON. Ypsilanti. idiom ‘. y





x i
dim 6,151.2."





seaAvi-NG "amides.





 





Spraying ,1s one of the most important

factors in'g‘rape growing, as it will in—

variably be’ a. failure if. spraying is not

done. Persistent fungus diseases and in-

sects are obstacles for the grape grOWer

to overcome in his endeavor to produce

good bunches of grapes.



The black rot and the mildew are two





of the worst troubles of a fungous na-

ture.‘ By thorough spraying they can,

hawever, be easily controlled.





Some of the insect enemies are harder

to control and in some cases it is some-

times almost impossible to do anything

to control them. The rose chafer or

rose bug, is undoubtedly the worst.

Sprayings have apparently no effect on

them even it five to six pounds of arse-

nateof lead is used to 50 gallons of wat-

This amount of poison, with a gallon





er.

of molasses added to the mixture to

sweeten it, has given the best results





but it has not yet proven to be of any

very great value. The rose bug cornea

quickly and in such large numbers that

poison has very little effect on them.

They also disappear as quickly as they

came. Hand-picking is'the only reliable

means we have for controlling them.



Dilute lime-sulphur, which has proven

so valuable on most of our other fruits,

is of little value on the grape. 'It does

not keep the fungous troubles in check

and seems to have a detrimental effect

on the foliage.



Bordeaux mixture, which was discover-

ed in the attempt to get something to

control the fungus diseases of the grape,

is still its best fungicide. It readily con-

trols the fungi and seems to have a ton-

ic effect on the foliage.



Scale rarely attacks the grape and

therefore it does not need the dormant

season spray. The first spraying should

be made when the new shoots are about

eight inches long; Bordeaux mixture and

arsenate of lead should be used. Two

pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons

of spray is enough. The Bordeaux mix-

ture should be made with four pounds of

copper sulphate and six pounds of lime

to 50 gallons of water.



To make good Bordeaux care must be

taken to have both the lime and the

copper sulphate diluted before pouring

them together. If they are put together

in concentrated form the mixture will

be thick and curdy, and will not stay up

in suspension well.



The second application should be made

when the blossoms are falling. Ten days

or two weeks hter this should be repeat-

ed. Bordeaux mixture and arsenate of

lead should be used in all of the spray-

page.



These three sprayings will generally

control the fungus troubles and all of the

insects except the rose bug and the leaf

hopper which is sometimes incorrectly

called the. thrip. Kerosene emulsion, ap-

plied about the time of ’the usual first

spraying, will keep the leaf hopper in

check. The commercial tobacco extracts

are also very good and. although they

cost much- more than the kerosene emul-

sion, the-re is not the danger of burning

the foliage as there is with the kerosene

spray.



When there is anything which injures

the foliage of the grape and so cuts down

the natural! amount 01! leaf surface to

any extent, the fruit does not ripen prop-

erly. It fails to sofiten up or get its na-

tural color and the hard red grapes will

be the result. The unusual amount of

-ildew during the past season made the

hard red grape almost more common than

the properly ripened ones. Those who

sprayed thoroughly had as good fruit as

uSual.



Van Bore-n C0. Benn A, WILKEN.





REOOMMENDED VARIETIES OF

SMALL FRUITS.

..___..



The following are some of the varieties

of small fruits recommended by Mr. W'il-

ken, of the South Haven; Experiment Sta:-

tion, recently;



Gooseben‘ies.



Downing, originating in New York state

has a round. medium large-sized berry of

good quality, maturing in mid-season and

popular for both kitchen and market pur-

poses.



Boughton, a native. of Massachusetts,

has a small greenish. red; berry of large

size and very good quality maturing about

the same time as the Downing. Favored

as a dessert and kitchen kind.



Mr. Wfiken mentioned the Portage as

a. promising new kind.



Currants.



Lem Market. imparted 'nmm Eng-



land,” has a. round; medium-sized, red ber-





 





   





THE Ma‘EICHIGAN‘ FA'RMER





7y 9! good quality and used as a kitchen

and market klndf It matures in ‘mid-

season.



Victoria, another importation from

England, also has a round. medium—sized;

red berry of good quality but is recom-

mended for market purposes only.



Blackberries.



Elder-ado, of Ohio 'birth, has an oblong

very large black berry of superior qual-

ity and is popular everywhere. Ripens

early.



Early King is another

good favor in this state.

Black Raspberries.



Eureka, another variety from Ohio, has

a. round, medium large black berry of

good quality, grown for both kitchen and.

market and of medium early maturing



habit.



Gregg, a kind from Indiana, produces

a roundish, oblong, large-sized black ber-

ry of good quality but is grown almost

entirely for market, Ripens in midjseason.



Cumberland, from Pennsylvania, grows

a roundish oblong, very large black ber-

ry 'of the very best quality and finds de—

mand for both market and dessert pur—

poses. Matures early. ’



Red Raspberries.

Cuthbert, a product Of New York state





kind meeting





yielding a roundish, conical, medium-siz- .





‘ed red“ berry of very good quality and

popular for dessert and kitchen purposes.

This is the one great red raspberry.



King, of unknown origin, bears round,

medium-sized crimson red fruit of good

quality and is grown for dessert and

market needs. Is preferred for heavy

soils.





THE BLACK. KNOT OF PLUMS.





 





 





(Continued from first page).

these wild fruits near the orchards be

destroyed.



This disease is very destructive, and

it is common. Frequently a locality will

become very much alarmed and do al-

most everything exeept call out the mill-

tia. Such a scare is not necesary—noth-

ing but careful control measures, as sug-

gested above. is required. Wholesale con-

demning of young trees and the discour-

aging of plum orchards are certainly not

necessary.



The Michigan Agricultural College in

the past has contributed to the knowledge

of this disease. A. A. Crozier, more than

20 years ago, brought out the fact that

spores mature before spring. B. 0. Long—

year, formerly of the Department of Bot-

any, by his careful account in a. bulletin

on. fruit diseases. did much to enlighten

the state- He made the illustration which

accompanies this article, and J. B. Dan-

deno, B. 0, Longyears successor, made

the. first successful inocuhtion experi-

ments with this fungus. The department

of botany is willing to undertake a co-

operatiVe experiment- one in a county,

to demonstrate the feasibility of fighting

this disease.



Mich. Ag. Col. G. H. COONS.





 





OAKLAND





 





At the annual meeting of the Oakland

County Horticultural Society which was

held in Pontiac on Tbmselay, March 20,

the following officers were elected for the

coming year: President, Chas. A. Bing-

ham, Birmingham; first vice—president.

W. D, Flint, Novi', secretary; Sarah E.

Sly, Birmingham; treasurer, Charles B.

Pettibone, Farmington; prompter R. J.

Coryel]; Birmingham.



The executive committee appointed by

the president is as follows: A. L. Ross,

Rochester, chairman; H. J. Broughton,

Harry McCracken, James W. Cobb.





The next meeting of the Oakland Coun-

ty Horticultural Society will be held at

the Family Theatre, Birmingham, Sat—

urday afternoon, April 5- Business meet—

ing at 12:30. At 2 p. m. Prof. H. J. Bus-

tace, of the M. A- C., will give a stereovp-

ticon lecture on “Orchard Management."

This lecture will be of great interest to

everyone, especially those engaged in

tlinorgiicultnre, and they are urged to at-

en .





CATALOG NOTIC E.





 





“Spraying a. Profitable Investment," is

the title of a booklet published by the

Sherwin-Williams 00., of Cleveland. 0.





In this booklet are given, in simple lan- ‘





many facts of value to farmers

and fruit growers. In it instructions are

given for the spraying of all kinds of

fruit and all kinds of farm and garden

crops that are benefited by spraying,

either to prevent the ravages of injurious

insects or fungo-us diseases. In addition

to the many valuable articles and illus-

trations contained in this mil-page book-

let, there is a. spraying calendar and

space for the keeping of a record of

spraying operations upon the farm. This

booklet will do more to convince any

farmer or fruit grower that spraying is

a profitable investment and. gives com-





guage.





pteh-ensive instructions on its moth.





plishment. Mention. the Michigan Farmer





 





 





COU NTY H ORTICU LTU HAL

SOCIETY. ,





 





 

 





 

 





Hundreds of





Fires Start on the Roof

A brand from a burning buildingfsparks from the

chimney or lightning quickly sets a. wooden roof afire.





Kanneberg Ste“





Shingles

I“We Pay the Freight"





, A building roofed with Kanneberg Shingles is protected from such

danger. They are fire-proof, weather-proof, lightning-proof, heat and

cold-proof. Can be laid more quickly than wood shingles and last longer,

look better all the time and require no repairs. They do not. curl, rot,

crack nor fall off like wood or slate. Many Kanneberg roots are. still in

use after 15 or 20 ears’ service.



Our patent [00 joint is absolutely water—tight. and allows for expan-

sion. Nail heads are protected from weather. '

Kanneberg Shingles prove the most economical roofing for all budd-

ings because of their long life and freedom from maintenance charges.



Kanneberg Steel Shingles are 28 gauge steel, painted or galvan- /

ized, and come singly, eight on a sheet, orin clusters on one sheet.





 

 





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





5ft. by 2 ft. We send special nails, free. Every shingle is ’ guru:



backed by a money—back guaranty to be up to sample. Com" co.

showing sizes and dc‘igns of shingles and



send for catalog our corrugated rootlbng and Siding. Get; ggtxl'anim





our rock-bottom prices before you buy. Ask (or sample shingles.

We sell direct to you. saving you middleman's profit. We pay

the freight, and ship orders day received.





KANNEBERG ROOFING 8: CEILING C0. .’





Established 1888 ' Name

cant“ . . 9 llllitmm





Address





A Quality Pledge





When you buy tires other than Ajax you pay ibr

Quality but take chances in getting it.





Send catalog and

sample shingle to





43 Douglas Street





 

 





 





 





 





 





 

   

 





In buying Ajax Tires the Quality is absolutely pledged m a

written guarantee of 5000 miles and has been so pledged for

the past eight years.





   

 





The fame of Ajax Tires has been built on quality of product-

not quantity of output.





   

 





We Show our confidence in Ajax Quality by guaranteeing 30%

more mileage than other makers. This means a saving of from

$4.00 to $20.00 a tire. '





   

   





 





   

 





as: flag; as as.

or for





   

 





i TIRES





Hm' Tread Abn- Skid





‘5000 5000

MILES MILES





Drop us a postal fin' Booklet “Figures That Don’t Lie"

and name of nearest Ajax dealer.





AJAX-GRIEB RUBBER COMPANY

1797 Broadway New York City





   





 





   





 





 





 





 





   

   





Factories: Trauma, N. J.





 

 





 





 





«ligating

{till} i

‘t





HERE IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY

To Buy the Famous Kcfly silty

Peach and Apple Tree: at low rim.

In order to introduce Kelly Qunlity to growers in all sections of the country .. we make very

quid. plicuon all orders for Peach and Apple Trees received immediately. This will give every

fruit grower in the land a. chance to find out for himself that Kelly Quality is real Qualiy; that

Kelly Varieties are Money Makers. Write at once for catalogue and take advantage of this ofler,

KELLY BROS. NURSERIES 58 MAIN STREET, DANSVILLE, N‘.Y.





You'll Never Regret Planting Kefly Trees.





 





 





 





when writing {or I. copy. ,





 





 





an: SUPPLIES and arm BASKETS





Dee-Hives, Sections. Pound - Ber Basket 1! 18 .



thin. , etc. new": bong Crates. {hum ygct. Hot—m,

wanted. Send for fufl'y illustrae- Bed flash mode of express. Bond ”

. .1 m for bake: catalog. ‘ ‘





I. Ill. my ‘80”. 400 oomu,um m
_ 454....30





llllilliiliiiillliililiiliiliiiliiliiilli|iliiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|iiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiliiiilliilliilliiiiillliilllliiill|Iiiliiiiliilll||IiillililililiilIiillllillilliiil|liiliilllilliilliiilll|iiilliliiiiiililliil|iIIlliiiI|lilliliiiilillililllliiillililiiL





Practical





EiiiiililliiiilllilliIliil|||iillilliilllllilliiiiilliilliiillllllliiilllIiil|IiiliiillilllliilIlliilllliil|iiilIll|iiillillliil|||Iiili|||lill|lliiilliillllliiliilliiil|||ii||iiill|liilIiiillliilliil|liilliiiilliillililliililliil|i|i|||ii|||iiii|lii||||ii V





CHEMICAL LEAVENING MATERIALS.

(Continued).

BY FLOYD w. ROBIBON.

The Baking Powder Corner.



Shortly after the. introduction of bak-

ing powdcr on R oommorclnl scttlo. an

attempt was outdo by cortnln individuals

in Alnoricu‘to 1min control of tho market,

in raw mutoriuls used in tho 111:1nufnoturo

or baking powder. 'l‘his uttcmpt cul-

minatod in tho prncticnlly coniploto dom-

lntttion of tho cream of tartnr murkot. us

it was commonly supposod thnt :1bout tho

only kind of bnking powdcr thnt could

be nutnufuoturmi would be derived. in





purl. or crieim of tuitiu.

The Time of Saturatuc.

llot‘oro tho ndvont of commercial bnk-





tnrtnr wns almost

to tho lltlllSt‘-

powder is

us it is





lug powdcr, croam of

us woll known 11 commodity

wifo tho ordinary bukinu

now. .v\t tho same limo. sodu. or

popularly known. anorutus, was

Used in roaily onormous ounntilics in UN

baking: or biscuit. cnko, und urticlos which

it was tlt‘Sil‘Otl it) tll‘ollnl‘o for food in a

short limo. and those two ingrcdionts.

soda and cronm of tartar. wcro ntixod in

tcitspoonfni lots by tho housowlfo 11t tho

timo of baking. it is by no moans 1t

simpio nutttor to accurutoiy mix soda and

tartar in tho homo. whoro in

poorly o\'ot'y instauco thoro is loft of tho

combination. on olthor of soda on

ouo hand. which would loud to mako tho





“3*





llltii't‘





orcatn oi'





(‘Xt‘t‘SS





biscuit soapy and bittor. or of crcam of

tartar on tho othcr hand. which would

hayo tho oi‘l‘oct of icavinu :111 itcid tasto





in tho product.

Baking Powder

inanut‘acturod

found a wolcomc

nuinut‘ucturcd. it is

of morit. linking: powdor is

almost "tict‘thitios" of tho pros-

out timo. and tho road is not oitsy for one

11d\‘oc.ttos tho abolition of baking

\Yo do not lako issno with such

hayc





was WeICOme.

baking powdor.



market. and



indcod 1111





Ullt‘





'l‘itt‘

thi‘rot‘oro.

whon “oil

urticio

Oi~ lilt‘





\\ hp

powdcr.

(‘l'il‘

niadc

in‘





and

post ry

cannot

ouuai.





t‘t‘llt‘otio

and othcr

pou dor

boing‘





pcrsous, for we

codod that broads

by tho of

\\‘l1oiosomo.

as broad undo with



\\'o hayo giycn prt‘l‘otcuco

crcnm of tartar baking: powder :ts wc

liclioyo that loss objcctions can ho found

to tho use of oroam of tartar baking pow-

dor than to tho othcr two of

powders \\‘o hare boon. honcvor.

cut of sympathy with tho ot’t‘orts mado

from certain othor sources propuro

powdcr from othor matoriais. in

such ot‘t‘orts may l1:t\'o workod

toward proyonting tho monopoly of the

baking powder market. and its usually

accompanying: condition known as exces-





uso baking:





as othor thing's

ycast.





to puro





classos





iltll





ltl

bu king

for





SO ll S





prices.



have Taken Sides

Controversy.



that many times the- food

boon unwittingly drawn i11-

powdor controversy and

have .at times lout the iutluonco of their

position to further tho interests of this

tlmt party in this controversy. “'e do

not believe that in it single instance this

was done with tho of taking sides in

the controversy: but fully from a stand-

point of \\ hat believed to be the i11—

juricusness of at least, particular

baking powder.



In plain language.

has been





high

Food Officials





sit'oly

in the





“'o believe

t‘ilitiais intro

to the baking





(ll.

itlt‘Ll





llt‘





Ullt‘,





alum baking powder

considmed from many source.\‘

to be distinctly injurious to health. and

this attitude has been 111.1intained by

many food commissioners, and at times

by officials of the government. “'9 per-

sona'ly believe that the slum powders

are more injurious than other powders.

and by experiments we have been able

to luring to bear on this point. have con-

firmed this statement. However. we de-





sire the reader to appreciate that it is

our opinion that all baking powders are

more or less injurious, and that so far





as alum is concerned in compaxison with

the others, it is merely a question of de-

gree. We believe the principal objection

to alum has arisen, not from direct ex-

perimental evidence against alum used in

baking powders. but because of well es-

tablished. and without doubt. well found-

ed belief that alum itself, employed in

food products, and in accessories to food

products, was certainly undesirable.

Was Alum Used in Bread?



Many years ago it was reported that



alum was used as a constituent of bread





THE MICHIGAN‘ FARMER





 





Science.





whilo we believe that

boon used to any great

extent in bread, yet, like the case of the

half-bushel ol clover Hood sown in the

early history of tho M. A. C.. nearly ov-

ory person who has written. no matter

how small :1 degree. with reference to

hroud. hits nutdo moutiou ol‘ the. {not that





in Englnnd. nud

t-tlum has 11cVor





ulum wuH, at one time, an adulterant of

brcnd.

.lugo. ono of the foremost authorities on





the science of broud mnkinu‘. even in his

modern book on tho sublcct. dcvotcs con-





sidornblo spaco to 11111111 in brood. and

practically ovcry text book thnt gives

methods of nnniyziup: Hour and brcud in-





dicates n mothod tor dctocllng nium in



brood. “'9 will any that we. have. ncvcr



yot found :1 sample of hrond to conlttin



alum and we do not believe that it is



used in broad milkingr in this country.

Alum In Unit in Pickles.



Alum is uscd. howovcr. to 11 consider-

nblo doa‘roo in tho proparution ot‘ cu-

cumhor picklos :tnd nutny nmnut‘ncturors

dot‘cnd tho addition of 11111111 to pickles

with docltlcd emphasis. So commonly has

tho udditlon of Mom to tlit‘kios boon prac-

ticcd thut luivo known nmny houso-

wivos who uscd alum in prcpnring pick-

lcs in tho homo. \\'c lmvo 11ovor tniton

11 very dccidod position rcmirdlng tho. uso

baking powdcr cxcopt us We.

stitlod tintt we. considcrod

powdcrs to lch tho loin-1t

dosirnblo place of any of tho powdcrs.

llut wo tire Vory mnphntlc in ottr objcc-

tions to alum in picklos and other foods.



\\'hon alum is an inm‘odloni of linking

powdor. during tho proccss of liilkllll: tho





\\' t‘





of ninth in

havo horcln

nintn baking





douuh or cako. tho uium composition is

brokon 1111 11nd honcc docomposcd so lhc

rosiduai product is no longcr :tium. it is





supposod that tho alum boconics clutngod





to hydroxido of aluminu, which undoubt-

cdly is not so olrlotcionabio its is tho

original nium. in pickics. howcvor. tho

alum unticruocs no chanuo whatsocvor

:ind consoqcntly outcrs tho syslcm its

:ilum. Manufacturcrs claim :1 docidcd 11d—

yuutan‘o in tho uso ol' alum. ’l‘ho :1lum

mukos tho picklcs lu‘ittlo and hurdol‘.

which ttro, of course. desirable. features





lloonol‘. oth-

housowlvcs

bc





tho markctabio pickio.

111:11111t'acturcrs and many

have shown cicarly that pickics c1111

pt‘opttt‘od tirm 11nd hard and brittic with-

out rosortiug to uny such chemical agent





of





t‘l‘





alum.

Some States Prohibit Alum in Foods.

tlnc ot‘ the state laws prohibits. the. cm-

pioymost of alum in food or food accos-

ln tho stato of Michigan. in pick-

ios and foods whorcby its idonlity is not

changed bct'oro tho product is pluccd 11p-





3*





sorios.





on the table for consumption, tho cm-

pioyment of alum has not bocn encour-

aged. Some 111auufnctrors. howcver,





around

printing

is used.





and have gotten

the matter by

fact that alum





have. uscd atlum

tho iog‘nl phaso of

on the label the



How Cream of Tartar ls Adulterated.



Cronin of tartar baking: powders were

for n time subject to adulteration in a

variety of ways. one. of the principal of

which is that an unpuritiod cream of tar-

tar is frequently employed. Very fre-

quently. likewise, in the preparation of

wine, in which preparation crcam of tar-

tar is obtained as u b_\'—product. gypsum

is employed for clarification. consequently

a cream of tartar prepared from such a

product would likely contain, im—

purity. lime.



Leach suites, among other things. cal-

cium phoSplinte, starch and alum are

also :11 times employed as adulterants of

cream of tartar.



Besides cream of tartar and soda, which

are. used as ingredients in the manufac-

ture of pure cream of tartar baking pow-

der, a varying quantity of starch is like-

wise employed. This would hnrdly be

cons‘idercd adulteration of baking powder

unIeSs present in very large quantities.

Pure cream of tartar and pure soda, when

absblutely dry, may be mixed together,

but with the presence of the slightest

quantity of water, chemical reaction takes

place between the two. and this condition

makes it necessary that some other ma-

terial be mixed with them to prevent the

absorption of moisture. Starch is the

ingredient usually employed and an

amount must be used which will prevent





(IS an





- the powder from caklng, which will occur





because of the absorption of moisture

(Continued on page 455).





 





APRIL 5. 1913. l“





 





 





 





 





 





Would a





of New Mexico and Texas.

profits.

effort.





from this valley?





of Texas by the





easily available by pumps?

quickly to irrigation.





You are not. dcpcnticni on npplca, nionc;

aw-mt potniocs (liillllltllllltfl, pcnru 11nd

pcnthca ttrc good moucy- -11111kt11~1. 11nd trutk

f11r111i111tpuyu \thl too but licxt 11ftcr 11p-

plcs comcH illt".1lf11.'l‘hc bright, pcn moon

iiifult‘n of tho lt‘(()H \lllltV in in Blit‘t‘iill

dcmand 11nd is 1111 «1191) 11nd proliiublc crop

to grow whiic tho orchnrd is tlcvcloping.



Do you know that. splcntlid hind, rcndy

for tho plow. with \vntcr dcvclopcd, cun ho

bought. for $75 1111 11crc 11nd up, on long

limo. with low inicrcst?



Arc you willing to lot. this opportunity

slip by you? In thcrc any good rcnson for





 





and Steady Income

Interest You ?





Would you be willing to work hard i or a few years to have it?





You have read of the splendid apple crops of the Pecos Valley

You have seen reports of the large

You know the results that can be secured by intelligent

You know these things. but have you ever sat down to

analyze the advantages offered by the l’ccos Valley?





Do you realize that most of the apples used in Texas come



Do you know that time 2116 4000 000 people



‘ in icxas. all apple- hungry and willing to pay Well for good fruit?

Do you know that the l’ccos has the nearest apple Otchards ?_





Do you know that the Pecos Valley has a particularly favor-

able climate and soil for apple-growing? It is the nearest apple-

growing country. and other apple sections arcppractically shut out

long hauls and expense of transportation. "





Do you know that the Pecos Valley has numerous irrigation

prothts also artcsian wells and abundant underground water,





lhc rich soil of thc Pecos Valley responds generously and

The splendid climate and abundant sun-





shine put color and flavor into all crops.





Write for I‘ccos Vullcy foldcr—lt'a t'rcc—iind got the whole story.





(2].. HmmawmtlcncrnltoloniI.11tion Atrcnt,

Atchiso11,”lopok1t k. Huntn It‘c ltuilwuy,

229.") linilwny Itixchungc. Cliiottgo





N. B.-—Homeseekers' Excursions are run twice a month.

be clad to tell you about the trains and fares. H





SUre





not. using the little foresight. cncrtry and

hurd Work thnt will ultinuttcly innlto you

tho posncnuor of :111 lrrigutcd uppit‘. orchttrtl

in thc i'ccon Vullcy 11nd 1111 the prosperity

that nit-1111s?





You will find thcrc. now-gootl schools.

good romis 11nd muny thriving littio citics

morc c11tcrpri1tlntz 11ml bcttcr coimtnncrt-t tlnm

laru'cr t'onlllltllliiit‘N in (lltit‘l‘ scoliona. You'll

not 11 hcarty Wclcomc 11nd won‘t. be lone-

Hotnc, llt‘t‘llilHt‘ orchurd homcu muke close

noitrhbors 11nd tho rcrtulting social activity

doc to common interests.





lwlll





 





 





 





 





Cont only one-t l -





 

 





M38“ Sufi- tu uI Ire furnlIho

lnclu a everything except. the

two piece mIlloui 10 hi muI . le'





 

   





-. l’ute





 





AlvinVJlowml’roI. ms to 80 lnchaI. a“ m." .





,30 Days Free Trial and





5 Year Guarantee ,. , .

Catalog shows both complete Gates ' ~., ' "7‘“

Ind .tuIt lg: Sml‘ffig :33?!“ can w'lllrtlord

“mlmamdfrfigm :zofl'". m -‘

,, Alvin V. Rowe. Pros.

now: MAuuucrunmo co.

865 Adam It. Onloobu III.





90 FOR THIS

2 DANDY GATE





These gates are not

a. special lotbulltdown

to a low price. but are

full of the same qual-

ity. satisfaction and

durability which can

be obtained in any of our

trlplo-galvnnlzod, hlgh-

carbon stool





Iowa Gates





The filling of this serviceable and ornamental gate 15



extra close diamond mesh. Gate has strong frame, pat~



ent latch etc. Comes in all sizes; plain and fancy tops.

Style E Farm Gate illustrated below. is another



leader sold at a much lower price then asked for other



gates of its kind. Painted or galvanized. All sizes.

The best lumber dealer in your town has these

ates on sale. If you don' t know his name, write us

or booklet, name of dealer, special prices, etc.





IOWA M1" 60.. 570lly 8t" Codnr Falln, In.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





ELT-

1-0-

I

l

“2““ 1 t --\',':.l 3“.“ "'d' :fiifi-“I‘h'et-"wa . Fl“ "‘1‘

l ‘-

‘l'hl 93“? WW " |"“iiii;





 





 





Save Work,

T lme, Money





By using ourlow down

steel wheel

wagon





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 





saves high lifting, lighten

(in t, don't rut roads. Spokes

do on 't loosen—wheela don’t dry out or rot.

Write for free book on Wagons and Wheels;





flash-Io W 30-. 85 Du Shoot. Qulncy. Ill.

WAIT!” Am or wanna. ell ormro time. to secure

Mon-motion (or us. Experience not noceI-

331'! Nothln to Ioll. GOOD PAY. Send stump for port-

”onion. Adana I. I. I. A.. IndlInIpollI. IndlInI





as . inary iron. wire or gas pipe



gates. but last twice as long. NeIt in appearance—beat and atrongeut can



nude—light, easy to handle. opens both ways.



between eight Inglo stool uprlzhb Ind double truu brIceI. guaranteed new to I60.



Cost Less Than All Wood Oates—Lat 5 Time; Is Lens



com Iota road! toh 11mm or just the Gate 8me|1b¥hlell

Iolf inn on





Improved Elevating Attachment p.

con pm an at. Ind to flying over now.





 





 

 





 





 





Bonrda are double bolted





   

 

 





 

 

 

 

   





 





hinge fttoItura-nr





-l(

fllmlll’ TruII Broca- mnko Rntel extrI It. tons.





 

   





it- tho rate to be ruined lull length





 





. For I" purpoou. Direct tron notary.

(night preplid.

1: ' Bargcin Prices—43¢ per rod up

.4 11 Get our new lance book baton

P‘ ' youhuy lencc (or Hones.

do. Show. Hon. Poultry, Etc.

Alto Lawn Fence and Gates

We uvo you big many -—¢ive you h but

qu-lity, MIll poet-luau: mlor Big Fence Bug-in It

Do! 49 TH! now "NC! 0 VII! 00.. CLBVllLAND. omo





 





 





 





 





 





 





fl

AHfiE





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





100 other styles of

GENTS

denlor' s-pro bar-ices. Our





Farm, Poultry and

large catalog is free. A non

MACHINE RY in mm.





F A ll'M F E N ti E

l

Lawn Fencing direct

KITSELIIAN 8308. Box 218 luao.‘ [Id

have been maklwng

it for over 20 years.





4| INCHES HIGH 2'

from facto It sue-tita-

THE URGEST MID BEST llHE 0F

Do not. buy until you see





our new Illustrated Catalo e No.14. Send for

it now. It' is FREE, 3“





rough sketch for tree rleponu to patent

ability. Paton“ ndve lead (or sale at

our expense in MInutIcturerI’ Journals.





CHANDLER figmgl. Patent Ill?!
f,

‘I





 





Mn. is. 1913. ' '

:2 ‘ lliiliiililiillilliilillliilIllllliiiliiiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiliiiiiiiilliililliliiiiiliiiiliiiiiiiiiiiliiiiliiilllliii





E

Farmers’ . Clubs 3





iii |iiilliiiiiilillilillillllllililllIliliillliiililiilillllilliii||I|IiiiiiiilillliiilliIIlillillliliilllililiilillIiill





all communications relative to

thgdgr‘gr’usstion of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson. Metaphors. Mich.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 

 





 





Club Lsdlss Favor Equsl Suffrage—Mr.

and Mrs. Wm. Thiemkey most royally

ascertained the Hadley and Elba Farm-

ers’ .Club, of Lapeer county, at their new





home, “Pleasant View,” March 20. Af-

ter the bountiful dinner, President R. L.

Bnook called the meeting to order. Music

by the quarettte. prayer by Rev. Bar-

num. and minutes of the last meeting

were approved as read. It was moved

and supported that the Club endorse the

request of M. A. C. for a liberal appro-

priation. The motion was carried, and

petitions to that' effect were circulated

during the meeting. The question, “Will

it better conditions if women vote?" was

rather one-sided as the affirmative. leader

was not present. Mrs. Bartenfelder. the

negative leader. showed careful study and

rare skill in handling the subject. C. l’.

John~4on outdid himself in preaching what

he did not believe and trying to create a

rumpus. C, A, Bullock, Edwin SteWurt,

Mrs, Mott, and others scored some excel-

lent polnts for the affirmative and arising

vote of the would-be voters showed they

knew what they want. Charles Riley

gave a short talk on co-operative buying

and selling. Aftcr a closing musical se-

lection the Club adjourned to meet with

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Pierson. April 17.—

Mrs. C. P. Johnson. Sec.



Adopt Resolution Favorlnq Equal Suf-

frage—«One of the most enjoyable ses-

sions in the history of the Indianflclds

Farmers' Club, occurred at the home of

'Mr. and Mrs. James l’aul. February 20.

About 50 members and invited guests

were present. After a bountiful dinner

served by Mrs. Sarah Auger, ‘I'rcsldent

Eldridge called the meeting to order.

Following the opening exercises a reso-

lution on woman's suffrage passed by

the State Association of ‘lt‘urmers’ Clubs,

was read, and a similar resolution urging

every Club member to do his part toward

the passage of the constitutional amend-

ment: this spring was adopted. After the

business meeting. the program of the day

was carried out. and was especially good.

(me feature was' an agricultural address





by M. II. ()aklcy. Martha l'urdy read a

paper on "licauiifying the farm dom‘

yard." The question box tended iostim-





nlnte with its timely topics. Question for

debate. “Resolved. that the sugar beet

crop Is the most important crop for "i‘us-

cola county." Leaders, (lrant. Ross; and

David Vnnburcn. Nearly all prcscnt took

an active part in the diucusson, which

was decided in the affirmative. Club clos-





ed by singing—Miss Margaret Arnold.

Secretary. ‘

Discuss Local 0ptlon.~——'I‘he Odessa.





Farmers' Club. of Ionia county, met with

Mr. and Mrs, Eugene 'iiunt. Saturday.

March 8, with about 60 members and

friends present. Following a good liter-

ary program and dinner. Mr. Foght gave

a fine talk on the subject of “Smokeless

Powder.” Justice could not, be done to

his remarks in the short space alloted to

us at this time. Suffice it to say the

smokeless powder is “Human Energy."

Mr, Foght believes in world-wide peace

and that it is possible. There was a fine

discussion of the subject after Mr. Foght.

Some time was devoted to talks on the

local option question by the Rev.’s Pres-

tidge and Laity, several others follow-

ing. This was instructive and as out-

lined ought to prove effective. The Club

members are ready to do their part in

the good cause. After the roll call Club

adjourned to meet with Mr. and Mrs.

Chas. Begerow in April. This will be an

afternoon meeting—Reporter.





Have Annual Oyster DInner.—On March

1 the Hartlnnd Farmers’ Club. of Living-

ston county. held their meeting at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Hibncr.

The day. was beautiful and the oyster

dinner was enjoyed by 100 in attendance.

The meeting was called to order by I’res-

idcnt H. W. Ciark.,the Club sang “Am-

erica.” and while standing repeated the

Lord’s Prayer. After the secretary’s re-





   





 





TH‘EEMIUCHIGAN FARMER"





I lliilililllliililiiilillilllliiiiililllilillililillliliiilliilililiiiiilliliilllIiiillllill|lliillliiliillliiillliilill





Grange. .





illiilliililliiiilliiiilliliillililllilliiiilliIIIiililiiiiiliilllililiiiliiiiiiillllliliiiiiiilliilliiiiliiiiiillliilfi





Our Motto-"The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

that improved."





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGEB.





H'ouse-to-house Meetings have been

held by Ithaca Grange. of (,lratiot county,

during the winter months. resulting in

the development of renewed interest in

the organization and its purposes. The

last meeting was held Wednesday, March

19. with Brother and Sister R. C. Lake.

the sisters serving an oyster dinner, with

all the good things that go with it. The

lecturer being absent. Sister Betta Lcc

acted, and timely questions were discuss-

ed. “Resolved, That Woman's lmtiesare

more Arduous than Man's." was debated

by Sisters itedman. Coleman and Lewis

on afllrmatIVe. and Brothers VanDchn-

ter, M. C, Lake and Lewis on negative.

It was decided in favor of the affirmative.

About 45 were present. including visitors.



Present-Day Needs In Rural Life.-—Dis-

cussing the multitude of needs in rural

life at the seventh annual rural life con-

ference held at Kalamazoo last month.

President Butlerfleld. of Massachusetts

Agricultural College, said: "The more

prosperity the more needs arise. Many

feel that better credit is one of the most

important needs at the present time; oth-

-ers that the farmer should have an op-

portunity to borrow on good terms. be-

cause his needs are great and the more

capital he has the better work he can

do; others a better distribution of farm

products, the difference In price which

the farmer receives and the consumer

pays being too grcat; others that we need

better roads, hotter schools, better

churches, and no on. But there are three

things I regard as lhe greatest needs of

rural life today, namcly: “Co-operation,

(lrgunlmttion and Leadership. First, that

the people of each rural community must

make up their minds that. they will make

that. community the best possible; that

the church. school and Grunge will be

more helpful and intcrcstcd in the poo-

plo, rather than in buildini,r up a. mom—

hcrshlp only. Second. I would 5113'. ”Y‘-

gunizlng those communities on a national

scale. I do not mean into one great or-

ganization, but co-opcration to secure the

thousand agencies for rural bctty-rrnmnt.

I‘lach organization and institution must

do its particular work with the end in

view to make the Amcrlcun rural com-

munity the best in the world. The third

of leadership.





need as I see it, Is that



We can do nothing Without trained, in—



spiring leaders, great, and little."



St. Clair Pomona Discusses Up-to-date

Topics.





One of the best l’ornona meetings ever

held in St. Clair county was that occur-

ring March it), in Iirockway Maccabcc

Hall. ()1: account of the very bad con-

dition of the roads many were late in ar—

riving but the dinner hour did not find

many absent. ()ur deputy, Bro. l‘iurr

Lincoln, was with us and'hclpcd much in

making the program a success.



A paper on “Woman Suffrage and the

Home” was read by Mrs, C. Mason in

which she said: “To parents have been

committed the management of the home

—not. to the mothers only. but to the

fathers and mothers of this country.

Neither the one nor the other can evade

responsibility without doing incaiculable

injury to society at large, and any father

or mother should deem it one of the

highest honors to be elected to a position

which demands of him the full exercise

of all the god-like faculties with which

he is endowed.”



“The Good Roads Question" was the

topic assigned to Mr. J. G. BrOWn and it

found ample scope for discussion.’ Mr.

Lincoln called the attention of voters to

the necessity of deep ditches and proper

drainage where any gOOd roads system is

adopted. as no kind of road. however well

built. will stand without proper drainage.



Mr. J. Cook discussed the merits of the

concrete silo, placing It ahead of all other

silos in use.



“Co-operation and How it would Bene-

fit the Farmer," was led by Mr. Albert

’i‘osch. All agreed that farmers must co—

operate to find proper prices for their

produce. which is as much a necesaity 35*

the growing of crops.——Mrs. C. Mason.



e .





port was read the roll was called and a L ct





few responded by a current event, or a.

quotation. Following a good program

the Club adjourned to hold their next

meeting in the Town Hall at Hartland,

April 5.-—-Mary Openo. Cor. Sec.





COMING EVENTS.





 





 





Charievoix Co., withh-Peninsula Grange, '





Thursday. A pril 17.





 





CHEMICAL LEAVENING MATERIALS.

(Continued frOm page 454).



when too small an amth of starch is



present.



The method we have used to determine

the effects of the different baking pow-

ders on the action of the digestive juices

is a method we have followed from

Vaughn’s experiment. He made use of

the Mets tubes. which are really small.

capillary glass tubes, the same as are

used in making thermometers, with a.

very small hole through the entire length

of the tubes. These tubes are then filled

with the white of an egg. which may be

easily done by placing one end of a. long

tube in a dish containing fresh egg al~

bumen, and drawing it up by suction;

then capping the end with a. rubber can

to prevent the egg from running out





agaim‘ If, this tube fisnow placed in hot'

water. a; coagulaqefi,'i',Wbite. column will





form ‘ rod-mun my arr-tire tube. ~ The





tube is then cut with a file into small

lengths, and these tubes are then placed

In artificial gastric juice containing vary-

ing amounts of the baking powder in

question which has been allowed to re-

act. Then the tubes are placed in an

incubator for some time. and the one

on which the artificial gastric juice acts

most accurately Is the one which ex-

hibits the least retarding effect from the

baking powder.



Our experience has always shown that

we get the least retarding effect when

cream of tartar powders are used, and

the next in order of excellence are the

phosphate powders. and last, the alum

powders.



Over against this physiological and ex-

perimental evidence. we have the prac-

tical condition that the alum powders are

usually the cheapest of the three. and

thus. these twa conditions present them-

selves to purchasers. ' ' "





 





 





 





._.dvamudmzltoui¢





 

 

   





lg

Bargains





For Every Men Who Owns a Horse.





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ll 0.

Durable

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complete lint: oi

prices over prs-so

You not:





 

 

 





 

 

 





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Only $ 13,22 '





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cIy illustrated Special llarncss Catalog is now

is >41) pages. many In r‘olors. showing the most

harncss. saddlory and accessories at economy

ntcti.





   

 

   

   

 

 

 





 





 





   

   

 

 

 





 





Farms and Farm Lands For Sale

For Sale Or Exchange





First. class 237 acre "stock 'or‘! dairy farm In Allegun

County, Michigan. 3% miles from l’luinweil lid miles

from ntomrban. Fair bulldln . dark loam soil

ilos lovol, no waste lend. Price 5 per acre. Will

take ood Income property or stock of general mer-

ohs in for one-half its value.

REY 'I'HOMABMA. Owner.



433-438 Houseman alum, Grand Rapids. Mich.





Alléitaundsmrsme





Michigan hardwood cut over lands. some Improved

most productive virgin soil out of doors, three

bumper crops alfalfa per your, excellent for all r aim:

and lrssses and fruit. Terms and prices may to





 





attract quick development. Write

one interested in the wonder-

Uullmitod opportunitios. Thou-ends of sens svsilsbls st





Thad. ll. PRESTON, Unaway, Mich.

ful Sacramento Valley. the

right prices. The pines for the men wanting s home In the finest





F n E E Literature will be sent to any—

richest valley in the world.

climste on urth. Write to a public mgsnlsstlon that gives





' “s.:..m..i.iiAI.IFilllNl





Western ilanada Farm Lands.





l I I n d

The cansdlsn Paulie liaivay 21:..‘::;.';‘i§°.fi'g‘;§.§.‘t

lug lends throughout Alberta and Baskstchewsn.

P oes $11 to m per acre. moo loaned by company for

improvements. also new losned for live stock. Set.-

tlers havefl) years to pay. A splendid opportunlt to

stailinfptoflggie {:rméfi‘ Spool? chesg‘ucursdmn

weeyrom roots can. Oil-u scout).

sstisfl before buying from as. W particulsrs.





B. P. l. Land Dept. Hammond It“, Mel.

Spring Farm Catalogue





Just out





Big New fem Casi No. 36. just out: profusely

illustrated. filled with atest reliable information of

gills. crops, markets. climate. schools. hard-surface



ads. etc, with traveling instructions tom achnlce

assortment of money-making farms throu bout the

Eastern states; stock and tools thrown in V th several

tosettle allairsqulckly: you can move ri ht in and

make money from the start; our home one market of

MAXI). J poo to In these wealthy Eastern states is

making our armors prosperous. Farm products of

New York State alone total $246.0“).M) yearly. More

for your money here today in. improved farms at 310m

3503:: acre. than the same money will buy anywhere

else on earth. Get. the facts Write toda for your free

copy of this remarkable book E. A. B’fROI. T FARM

At; ENCY. Station 101. linlon ksnk Bldg..Pittl-burg,Pa.





—70 ACRE.“ line. high.

$300 Required Down m... "in... a...

only 2 miles from Bosvorton. (llmiwin Co., Mich.

We I located on good romi. Cedar river flows through

land. fenced on two sides. Easily cleared. Don't.

miss this chance. Immediate wmsosulrm. Only an

down. I700 in five years at ll per vent. Interest

U. G. REVNULDH. (ilmlwln. Michigan.





when you can buy

the ”at. land In

Mil-hi an at. from

SlZ to 1:3 an acre.





near Saginaw and Bay City, Writo for no”. and par-

ticulars. Clear titlo anti easy terms. Hts cid Ernst.

(owners) 15 Merrill Bldg. Hautnaw. W. 8.. Michigan.





CANADA [AND-«Write for our 32 pm booklet.

c o n t. ai n i n 63 photographic

views, and statistical and dotai od information





about ourlands incest. centrsi Saskatchewan It's

free. The Which Land 00.. Winnipeg. Canada.





BUY NEW Y0“ FARMS NOW.





[lost Lands, Best Crop. Boot Homes. Biggest barns,

Finest schools, churc ml. roads and transportation.

For list. of New York farms address.



MoBUBNEY a (.30.. Fisher Building. Chicago. Ill.





IF WE WOULD GIVE YOU A till-ACRE Hill FREE





Alon outline of railroad. would you be willing toiell

your rlonds about our land opening? For particulars

dress Mr.J. H. Clark. Land (Yornmissloner Live “at.

Perry & Hui! Railroad (10.. Box 1%. Live flak, Florida.

' and unim roved lands In Delaware.

F.ml. PM": diversifl farming live stock. de-





licious fruits and ideal homes. l"or information

address. Htate Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware





nun mm us .. ..





money in bu In s

MICHIGAN FARM HOME (30.. (ireenville.





form. ABKF I! T.

CASH FOR YOUR FARM





Mich.



I bring buyers and sellers together. Write me if

no wanttobu , Hall or trade. Established ll'éil. Frank



. Cleveland. . Adams [iron-es Bldg, Chicago. lli.





arm for Bale—containing M) acres. 1% miles from it.



. Station. good soil. lane house and burn. new gran-

ary. and hen housc. 1 mile from Oak Grove. lein ton

Co. Mich. Inquire of i. W, Hart. H.1i.Howell. Ich.





FARMS WANTEHE: *1::.ii:::.t.:2my..333.8

scribing property. naming iowean. rice. We help buy-





ersiocste dwirsbleapm rty FEE ‘. American Invest-

ment Association. Pa ace Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn.





~(ireztlsfl. Fruit (2/ unty.



We SeilOoeana Farms A... M... (3...; M.

ails. Stock. List free. HANSON «ir HUN. Hart. Mich.

—’l'hrc.e Good Farms. rnnidn front



For sale [to m 17o .u-mi. All haw.- [not build-

Ings and fertile soil. Box 39. Ccntrsi Lake. Mich.





McClure - Stevens Land Co.





Successors to A, .i. Stevens 4 (In. ntullished 1%.

Form. Fruit and lithek Lands, We 0er 11),!!!) sores of choice





 





 





 





 





 





 





unimproved lands in Gladwm and t tare (fanatics. .‘irrifl on

essy payments. Interest ti percent. Write for information.

Glndvvin -:- Michigan





 





 





 





 





“Kuhn California Project”

In the Sacramento Valley





The 'canal, (haulage and road construction coxnpietcd, these lands are now being

sold in small subdivisions. The soil, 3 deep alluvial silt loam, the best in the valley.





RA ILR DAD PASSES





THROUGH THE LAND





Towns, Schools and Churches Near At Hand





CROPS—All kinds at fruits (including oranges and :

lemons); vegetables, seeds, berries, alfalfa, cattle,





bogs chickens.





WA TER SUPPL Y—Uniimhd. Water delivered





to‘boundsry of every40saeirsa. Canal

drainagesystempalect.





TWPORTATTON—Both by rail sud river





todlegfelt mopoliunm





LAND PRICES—Lomsndtmnsot pay-eat easy. 5





“youwsutosecmsbominCsli-

“when“ sod-duster

ml. ”worth yelovetunc' Hindus





Q





 





KUHN [RRIGATED LAND C0.





and





Name





 





A ddrm )





 





.

i MA, 137 S. LeSelle 5t. China“.

U

5

U





Check 0! this list h '

inter “(1);- w “you are particularly

Citrus Fruits. Deciduous Fruits. Dairying:





O

0

H133. Poultry Nuts. General Fan-In .

"s! ful a. Berries. bees. Garden Truck. ‘





' TEN YEARLY PAYMENTS
"I am very much pleased with there-

sults from feeding ‘Sal~Vet.'

worth the money and I do not intend

ever to be without it.”—



FRANK B. HILL, U'tica,'Mlch.



“Am paying for the ‘Sal-Vet"which you

sent me on trial, as I am satisfied that

it is worth the money.”



A. B. ROBLIN, Germfask, Mich.





"‘Sal-Vet' has worked Wonders with





our stook, and, saved a lot of grain; our





 





Iver





now. a. J. Lovuov

Secretary Berkshire

Swine Breeders’ Ass’n,

Roscoe, Ill.. says:

“Please send us two

barrels of Sal-Vet at

once. This is the best

thing we have ever

used. We use it for

sheep, horses and over

100 hogs, and find it





all you claim. We

can heartily recom-

mend same to all





sheep breeders as Well

as swine breeders."





Hogs Doubled Their Weight in 50 Days



I used your Sal-Vet regularly while feed-

ing a bunch of fattening hogs, and can say

it is surely a fine article—a great condi-

tioner and reliable worm destroyer. My

hogs doubled their weight in fifty days.—

Wm. Lotz, Lanark, Ill.





cholera, but my neighbors all lost their





‘ —Andrew Thomas, Olive, Texas.





Cholera Rages on All Sides

I fed a earload of hogs on which I made a thorough

test of Sal-Vet for seventy days. Cholera or some

disease like it was killing off hogs all around me, but I

never had a single one sick; they remained in fine con-

dition during the entire time.—W. C. Grove, Box 235.

Hominy. Oklahoma.





Will Not Be Without Sal-Vet

Sal-Vet freed my hogs from worms by

the wholesale. I’ll not be without it.—

Henry Iverson. Wagner. S. D.





1‘11

1’" Show

You. How





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





to RM Them of Worms—How to Make

Them Grow Faster, Thrive Better, Look .

Slacker and Put On Flesh With No More Feed





I’ll drive out the pests that steal your profits.

every animal on your place worm-free, thrifty—put them in

condition to get the full benefit of their feed—make them bring

l’ll prove these things right on your





you the most profits.

own farm, right in your own barnyard,





It is well "





 





Sal-Vet Saved Hie Hogs

I have been greatly benefited by feeding your Sal-Vet. My

hogs went through the entire winter without a single case of





Thad. McCormick, 113 E. Douglas Ave., Wichita, Kansas.





Sal-Vet Stopped Lunb Losses

:Before feeding Sal-Vet I had lost one hundred and fifty lambs within three

months; since feeding it. I have lost just one lamb. The balance of the flock are

looking fine, and I shall never do business without Sal-Vet as long as I keep stock.





horses are now the» best" in the country";





NELS ERICKSON.





R 54, Box 75, Alto, (Kent Co.) Mich.

“I am 'well pleased with ‘Sal-Vet.’

Since feeding it my sheep look so well

that they are the talk of the township.”

E. L. POWERS, Clio,,Mich.





“I am sending remittance for the ‘Sal-

Vet’ you sent me on trial.





that I prefer to" use ‘Sal-Vetf for my





DR. 0. D. SMEIID



The Eminent Author-

ity on Live Stock Dis-

eases, says:



"As a stock tonic and

Worm remedy. I do not

'hesitate to say that Sal-

Vet is unsurpassed by

any compound I have

ever given a trial—and.

as you well know, my

business as veterinary

editor of the National

Stockman and Farmer

and the Tribune-Farm-

er of N. Y., requires me

to test many tonics and

remedies for animal ailments."





Read How Sal-Vet Saves Sheep

I have not lost a single sheep since I

began feeding Sal-Vet. Last winter. with-

out its use, I lost 25% of my flock—Chas.

E. Wyman, Pekin, Ind.





 





entire herds.





Hogs Gains 4 Pounds Daily on Sal-Vet



Your Sal-Vet is certainly o.k. One of

our hogs has made an average gain of

four pounds daily since we have been feed—

ing Sal-Vet.-—Herbert Taylor, Rt. No. 1,

Geneva, Neb. -





Fed Sal-Vet, Horses Sleek as Moles

I have been feeding Sal-Vet to my horses

and cult, and can say that my horses

never looked as Well. My colt was full of

worms, but Sal-Vet has entirely rid him

of these parasites, and he is as sleek an

a mole—J. A. Rilea, Rt. 6. Batavia. Ohio.





Am perfectly-

willin‘g to pay for it, and want to say_





 





 





.\ - N‘t)‘\\§\ . m

‘Ihe Great Worm Destroyer and Conditioner

Sal-Vet Worth More Than Four Times In Cost





I enclose check in payment for the Sal-Vet sent recently. Four times this

sum would not begin to pay for the benefit I derived from feeding Sal-Vet.





stock .in preference toany other~ prepara-

tion for the same purpose.”

- CAL E. HARDY.

Rt. 3, Mayville, Mich.

"Am paying for the 500 pounds of

fSal-Vet’ whi‘ch you shipped 60 days 8.80;

it has given such good satisfaction that

I have since bought 600 pounds of your

dealer at Perry.” '

GEORGE BOUTELL, Perry, Mich.





. “I find ‘Sal-Vet’ a. great worm destroy-





helmin





"08005 M. WOOD



Secretary of The

Standard Delaine Me-

rino Record, Saline,

Mich, says:



“We have found a.

worm preventive in Sal-

Vet when proper condi-

tions of pasture are

maintained and it is

kept constantly before

the flock so they can

eat all they want and

have no other salt. We

have found this prep-





 





aration economical to

use under all condi-

tions."





Are Worms Robbins You Like This?



My hogs were not doing well. It seemed impossible

to get any flesh on them until I commenced feeding

Sal-Vet. Now they are doing fine.—P. C. Hathaway,

Wilcox. Neb.





 





-—W. H. Wallace, Franktown, Va.





 





Sows Fed Sal-Vet Raise Bigger ”Hero





I have been feeding Sal-Vet to a bunch of little pigs.





oped great appetitesand have grown rapidly. I have two sows. I fed one

of them Sal-Vet and she raised eleven fine pigs. The other to which I did

not feed Sill-Vet lost six out of nine in the littsr.-Mrs. Ads C. Pal-males.





Rt. No. 16, Newtown. Conn.





Prove It To You-I‘ll Feed

Your Stock 60 Days





BeforeYou 1.





I'll make





BEFORE YOU PAY





Pay





 

 

 





 





I’ll Save Your Stock—

l’" Save Your Feed—I’ll Rid Q

Your Stock of Worms—or No Pay



I





Worms can’t live where Sal -Vet is used. Why take

chances? Why let these pests continue to sap the strength

and vitality of your farm animals, leaving them n asy victims to

plagues, cholera and other contagious diseases ? Just send me





the cou on below— ou take no risk whatever. Get my 60





er. It er‘h: icated 'worms‘h'trom two colts.





which ‘v’ve e duite badly infested. They

now have good appetites and look very

much bet‘ter."’ ‘ ' ‘ '

JOSIAH HULL,

Believes, Mich.

“The first dose of ‘Sal-Vet’ I gave my

horse started to exD‘el the WDEmSLand I

could see the difference in him--.in’agvery

short time. McNELL ‘ ‘ ' "'





r"





 





L. H. 6006"



Editor Practical Farm-

er. Philadelphia, says:



"In order to have re-

liable data before express-

ing my opinion about Sal-

Vet, I gave it to twenty-

one cows in their feed for

a month. Eight other:

were given no Sal-Vet at

this time. At the end of

thirty days' test, the 21

cows that had been given

Sal-Vet showed a tone

and condition of health

that was really remark-

able. In my experience

feeding this tonic to

horses also. I can only speak of it in the words

of highest praise. I am satisfied that Sal-

Vet is a wonderful vermifuge and tonic for

horses.”





Lost No Hogs. While Neighbors Lost AILThey Had

My hogs certainly did fine while fattening, and I did not lose

a. single one, while some of my neighbors lost their entire herds.

I must. and do give Sal-Vet credit for these results.-—J. Wales

Munroe, Rt. No. 6. Plainfield, Ill.





Sal-Vet Is by For the Best and Cheapest

I like to feed Sal-Vet to hogs of all ages, as it completely

cleans them of worms without starving the hogs before feeding

it. I consider Sal-Vet by far the best and least expensive worm

destroyer and conditioner I have ever fed—Jens Ingwersen,

Rt. No. 1, Avoca, Iowa.





 





SIDNEY R. “It,

President

7 Registered

‘H, Pharmacist

Graduate



" National

Institute of





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





They have devel-





 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





_’(





mum/(I





i





(





E- F. _ y.. . .. ~..

Rt. 2. Farwell. (Clare .Co.)',j‘i Mich. . ,





g ‘





 





 

 





 

 

   

   





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





.

~~_..‘ "

-





ME A PENNY. I am doing it for thousands of farmers every

day. All I ask is the privilege of sending you enough SAL

VET to last all your stock 60 days—so you can see the results

on your own animals. I want you to see. With your own eyvtles,

the wonderful benefit it produces—BEFORE YOU PAY E





A SINGLE PENNY.





Send No Money— Just the Coupon!





Fill out the coupon—tell me how many head of stock you have~mail it to me today. You pay the freight charges when

it arrives and when the 60 days are up report results. If Sal -Vet fails to do what I claim, ’11 cancel the charge—you





won’t owe me a penny. Address





OI..-III-I-III-I-IIIIII-I-I.





SIDNEY ll. FEIL, President 9.





THE S. R. I-‘EII. COMPANY

Dept ‘ F . Cleveland. 0.

Ship me enough Sal-Xet to his:I nay-tstoclixvgi 223k 821.}.2.

' ' t en 3 arr . _

leggiltgirl giddyglgiid fvii‘lrtghegnvr'iay for it if igdoehiyvhat o 43111138: *fipfigfizdbggz

. h e C 9. In G

you claim. If it does not, you are tocance g .. Vet packs es. Shipmenm





   





days' trial supplyof a1 -,V_et right away. See how it Will work

"w 1111 your stock—how it will stop your losses. Sal-Vet is a

medicated salt—easy to feed. Stock relish it—let them run to it freely

and THEY WILL DOCTOR'THEMSELVES. No starving—no mix—

ing—no drenching—no dosing-mo trouble at all. .

al-Vet kills and expels the deadly stomach and free intestinal

worms and then tones the blood. stimulates the‘ appetite and puts the ,

animals in the "pink of condition“. ‘





   





t

tr

V:



1/ t,





   





 





 





s.\\\\\\\\\i‘\\\»\‘ ‘





x

_s\\‘





 

 

 

 





SIDNEY R. FEIL Presldent

THE S. R. FEIL 00., Man’f’g Chemists » . 4

DeptMF CLEVELAND, omo , d





‘ e o. . ; 0

t mess. as assist





   





 





(101)





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





1913153 ‘ I ‘





 

 





o for 60 ays"tnal are i



Name ‘. b‘alwed onllb.ot8al- ;

.Q or hog, .



POC-vleloulllueloles-sleosle to! s oooooooo OQIIIIOOIOIOOIIO ‘

." h .

“ ~ wit out ‘ ,

“zippingSte........... ........... btate.................,.... \ brawn” : G

, regulators:





Number of Sheep.......Hogs...... .Cattle.. ......Horses......l.. ‘





5W

‘fi

3.





f‘ _ . . ‘