,. dam tyre-15"

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, nitrogen in the cheapest
' way possible.

////// ///

The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural,_and Live Stock Journal

in the State.

 

VOL. CXL. No. 17. i
Whole Number 3640. .

DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, APRIL 26, 1913.

50 CENTS A YEAR.
82 FOR 5 YEARS.

 

 

growing, it maybe well to divide it

into five headings in the order of
their relative importance, viz., soil, fer-
tility, cultivation, spraying and seed.

Potatoes will grow in almost any soil.
There is, however, a great difference be?
tween the misshapen, ill nurtured speci-
mens found in hard clay, and the smooth;
blue ribbon winners that roll out of a‘
sandy loam. This latter soil is the ideal
home of the potato. In it, it reaches its
highest perfection, being enabled to de—
velop naturally and untrammeled. Next
to a sandy loam, a pure sand under proper
treatment will produce the best results.
In the section of Hastings, Florida, which
is as noted for its potatoes as Sanford or
Kalamazoo are for celery, the soil is
nothing but sand, mile after mile there is
almost one' continuous potato field with
sand of a dirty gray, unpromising looking
but producing a. mighty harvest of num-
ber one potatoes. Even a heavy clay
may be made to produce the tuber prof-
Vitably. The first requisite is drainage
and this is necessary, not only for the po-
;tato but for any crop it may be.desired
to produce. This will sweeten the soil
and bring the air- into circulation, break-
ing up the sticky mass and tending to
crumble it into particles. After this, the
main thing is to fill the soil with humus.
Large applications of strawy compost or
leguminous crops turned under will has-
ten this process. In the latter case, it is
well to let the clovcr or other crop be-
come somewhat ripened, otherwise so
much green stuff fermenting in the earth
may tend to form acids and scab the
potatoes.

In giving fertilizer the second place,
we make it follow the soil, not because
it is less important but because logically
the one must follow the other. Consider-
ing fertilizers in general, and the needs
of all plant life, we find that among the
elements necessary for vegetable growth
three are absolutely essential; nitrogen,
phosphoric acid, and potash. Nitrogen
enters into the composition of the leaves
and working with the

IN considering the subject of potato

its nitrogen partly in nitrate of soda and
partly in some organic substance, as
blood or tankage. Also, it is well to use
sulphate rather than muriate as the

, source of potash, as the latter is apt to

affect the shape of the tuber.

,2 All foods that the plant takes through

its roots are absorbed by minute root

hairs, through which liquids pass, carry-

ing the food in solution. Thus it will be
. '. ‘- , .

seen that‘aV‘gr-stlfeeder like the potato

 

’ACTICAL POTATO GROWING,

vating, using a, narrow sharp tooth near fective must be used every ten days to

the plant but moving farther away each
time and working more and more shallow
until only the surface is being stirred.
This may be kept up after every rain as
long as it is possible to drive a horse
between the rows.

Spraying is necessary to combat both
bugs and blight. Many make such a
strenuous effort to escape the former by
late planting that they so to the opposite

 

An Example of Intensive Cultivation—Potato Field One Month After Planting.

will require great quantities of water to
assimilate its food. This brings us to
the question of cultivation. it has been
proven too often to admit of (liScussion
that the maintenance of a dust mulch is
the best way to conserve moisture. After
the potato is planted in a. well prepared
seed bed, having the fertilizer thoroughly
incorporated with the soil by frequent
harrowing, the weeder or drag should be
used repeatedly until the plants begin to
show the row. After this, begin culti-

extreme and are often caught by early
frosts, which ruin the keeping qualities
of their crop. A more desirable way is to
plant reasonably early so as to insure a
long growing period and to spray for the
health of the plant, adding poison to keep
the bugs in check. It has been proved
repeatedly that spraying with Bordeaux

increases the yield materially, whether
thq blight is troublesome or not. It must

be remembered that this is not. a cure
but a preventative and to be most ef-

two weeks during the period of growth.

In the Selection of.seed, it is important
to remember that the tuber is an en-
larged section of the stem and that We
are really planting cuttings and not true

seed. The proper way to select seed is
while the crop is being dug. Only the
strong hills should be saved. When this

is done the small potatoes are just as
valuable as the others for, being cuttings
they will reproduce the parent plant.

A number of methods have been used
to combat scab, but the simplest and
most effective is the formalin treatment.
The uncut potatoes are immersed in a

s0lution made of one pint of formalin to

30 gallons of water and allowed to remain
for two hours.

This covers in a way the five divisions
made above. Volumes might be written-
.on the Subject and we may be sure of
the fact that the only limit to our pro-
,duction of the potato rests in our
industry and an application of our thought
and knowledge to natural conditiOns.

\Vashtenaw Co. C. R. Ross.

GRADING, TESTING AND SHELLING
SEED CORN.

HID best time to grade seed corn is

I before shelling. The accompanying
out well illustrates the various

kinds of kernels found on cars of suit-
able size for seed. Practically all varic-
ties show these variations. The Office of
Corn Investigations of the United States
Department of Agriculture proved by
careful field experiments that such an
car as number ten produces ears most
of which ‘have crooked rows and kernels
of undesirable shape. Ears like numbers
ten and nineteen should not be used for
seed as they produce their like and are
not as desirable as ears like numbers one
and two. All ears that are undesirable
for one reason or another should be dis-
carded before making germination tests.
At this season for several years past
a number of satisfactory means have been
described for testing the

 

 

green coloring matter
contained in them, pro-
motes a healthy growth.
Phosphoric acid is need-
ed by the seed or grain,
and potash is used in
stem development and in
producing firm fruit.
The potato being a gross
feeder needs fertilizer in
large quantities. When
we consider that the
tuber is not a root at
all, but an enlargement
of the stem, we need
not be surprised that
potash is the thing most
If we are fol-
lowing a crop rotation
in which clover is used
every third year, this
will largely supply the

If stable
’manure is used, it is
better'applied as a top-
dressing to, the meadow
than immediately pre-
ceding the potato crop.
In any event, stable ma-
nure is acne-sided food
With which to attempt
to raise a. good" crop of
potatoes. I An' ideal form-
ula for use on~ this 'crop‘
is one analyzing 2:8:10
and having the' source of

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germination of a few
kernels from each seed
ear. Those who have
neglected to take good
care of their seed corn
may now find "dead"
cars among their sup-
ply. In such cases it

will be profitable to test
the germination of each
ear separately. IVhere
:well adapted varieties
are grown that properly
mature before frost, poor
germination has never
been found among - ears
selected as soon as ma-
ture and cared for prop-
erly. Those who have
given their seed proper
care should pick out 100
representative ears and
make a germination test
of ten grains from each

 

ear. If these ears ger-

minate well it is not

necessary to test the

balance of the seed

supply.

Why Nub the Seed Ears?
Before shelling the

small kernels should be
discarded from an inch
or more off the tips of
the ears. Accurate field .
tests have proved these-
kernels to be less pro-

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die... than the fully developed kernels
of the same ears, The thick, irregularly
shaped kernels should also be discarded
from the butts of the ears. These ker-
nels producesatisfactorily but their size
or shape prevents the corn planter from
dropping them satisfactorily. The lines
across ‘ears one, two and three in the
figure show what kernels should be re-
moved before the ears are shelled. It is
convenient to nub the entire supply of
ears before the shelling process is begun.

How to Shell Seed Corn.

Many farmers who plant 20 or 40 acres
of corn, carefully shell their seed by
hand and are profited by so doing. A
few remarkably successful extensive corn
growers shell hundreds of bushels by
hand. Where much seed is required there
is a strong temptation to run it through
the corn sheller. Hand shelling is profit-
able for the small farmer and therefore
more profitable for the extensive farmer.
The sheller breaks or cracks some of the
kernels and there is not the opportunity
of examining kernels from different por-
tions of each ear as in shelling by hand.
After being nabbed the proper way to
shell the seed cars is to shell by hand,
one car at a time, into a sieve that will
let the chaff fall through and leave all
the kernels from the ear in plain view
for inspection. If unsatisfactory, all the
kernels can be easily discarded and an-
other ear shelled. The ears should not
be shelled directly into the general seed
supply for it would then be difficult to
separate and discard the undesirable
kernels. ‘

Does Your Planter Drop Satisfactorily?

If the corn planter gave trouble last
spring, better order a‘new one now. A
poor corn planter is an expensive imple-
ment to use. Even though the planter
dropped satisfactorily last year, it should
be tested with this year's Seed supply be-
fore planting time arrives. The kernels
of a. variety of corn frequently vary in
size from season to season and different
plates may be needed this year from those
used satisfactorily last year.

Under favorable field conditions 10 or
20 per cent of the kernels or young stalks
are destroyed. \j'here extensive plantings
are made with first—class seed and thin-
ning is impracticable about five kernels
should be planted for every four stalks
desired. V'thre help is obtainable that
will attend properly to the thinning, it is
more Iirofitable to plant twice as many
kernels as stalks desired and thin out the
weak plants as soon as they become too
large and hard to be destroyed by cut~
wormS.

U. S. Dept. of Ag,

C. P. HARTLEY.

LEVELING TILE DRAINS.

 

After reading several articles in the
Michigan Farmer in regard to laying tile

drains, I will give a system that has
worked well for the writer, viz., the stake
system.

The first thing to do is to make sev-
eral cross stakes. Take a good piece of
board four feet long, three inches wide.
also a piece three feet long, three inches
wide; nail the latter piece across the
four-foot stake six inches from the top.
Use a carpenter's square and make a.
perfect cross. It is wise to make two or
three stakes of shorter and longer lengths,
to be uSed in high and low places on the
ground surface. Also make a plain stake
five feet long, three inches wide, for a.
grade stake. The width of stakes does
not matter, only to be convenient to ban-
dle they should be about three inches
wide. These stakes with a straight edge
161,5, feet long, and a common level, are
all that is needed for laying out an ordi-
nary drain.

Start at outlet‘of drain, stand grade
stake up at point where first tile is to be
laid, and drive stake No. 1 down even
with top of grade stake. Then take stake
No. 2 and go to the head of the drain, or
in case the drain is to be long, lay out
20 or 30 rods to start with, so that in
sighting over the stakes, all can be seen
plainly. F0r example. on diagram, we
will lay out 30 rods and at this point, 30
rods from stake No. 1 determine how deep
the drain should be, for example, call it
two feet, set grade stake up on ground
and drive stake No, 2 down beside grade
stake until just two feet of grade stake
stands above cross stake No. 2. This
will give a two-foot drain at this point.
Then take cross stakes No. 3 and 4, and
drive them down. about equal distances
between stakes Nos. 1 and 2‘u1’itil they
are down to dotted, or imaginary line A.
This true line is easily gotten by sight-
ing over stakes at either-end, either No.
1 or 2. ’Now for convenience in getting
a. true bottom with the last spading,

 

drive stake No. 6 a short distance below

stake No. 1 in same dotted line A. ~
The next thing, especially if the amount

of fall in a, drain is in question, is to find

just the amount to the rod and, by the-

way, it is wise to get all the fall there
is in the ordinary lay of land. this is
8853’ to figure out in using this stake
system.

To find the amount of fall to the rod,
drive a cross stake one rod from any one
of the stakes already set. For example,
drive cross stake No. 6 one red from
stake No. 3, lay a straightedge across
stakes Nos. -3 and 6, lay a spirit level on
top of straightedge and raise straightedge
at stake No. 6 until the level indicates
that the straightedge is perfectly level.
Measure the distance between cross arm
on stake No. 6 and straightedge, this
will be the amount of fall to the rod. If
we wish to get more fall do it by rais-

 

2 and adjusting
stakes Nos. 3, 4 and 5 to again get a true
dotted line A, and vice-versa to get less
fall.

Now just a word to save time and 1a-

ing upper stake No.

her in doing the work. In the first place,
before staking out the drain, plow a deep
furrow where the drain is to be laid, then
with the stakes set, remove dirt in fur—
row down within a foot, or one spading,
from where bottom of ditch will be. This
part of work is not very particular and
can easily be done right by taking up the
grade stake occasionally and {jetting it in
ditch and sighting over cross stakes be-
low, leave about a foot of grade stake
above dotted line A,

Now for last spading, start at outlet of
drain and as you take out the last spad-
ing, every two or three feet, take up
grade stake, stand it in the bottom of last
spading and by Sighting over top of grade
stake and cross stakes below, keeping
grade stake down to dotted lineA, we
get a true bottom, line B.

In laying the tile, start at outlet with
tile scoop, clean out loose dirt and make
a nice rounding bottom to lay tile in, the
length of scoop handle.
three tile, putting a little dirt each side
to hold them in place, stand on them,
clean out ahead and continue as yOu have
started, till tile are all in. Sometimes it
is necessary to lay the tile as fast as
last spading is taken out to avoid caveins
and it is wise to cover the tile as fast
laid to avoid damage by

as they are
heavy rains or stock getting in on the
tile.

Now, the beauty and advantage of this

system of putting in tile drains is the
fact of knowing just what we are doing.
first, last and every foot of the way. It
is simply a simple way of surveying out
a tile drain. After the stakes are made.
which will last indefinitely, and the sys-
tem studied a little, a man can stake out
an ordinary drain in a few minutes and
know just what his drain will be when
completed, which is very important. No
guesswork. ,

ShiawasSee Co. FARMER.

TILE DRAINING IN HARDPAN.

 

Exceptions might be taken to Mr. Lil-
lie's reply to J. B., of Oceana county,
Wet clay or hardpan is easily “puddled”
and becomes impervious. Taken from the
bottom, thrown on top on the bank, and
back again on the tile, this mass thrown
on tile in filling partly or wholly closes
the joints. Even in muck, conditions
sometimes make entry of water slow. A
year ago a neighbor was puzzled to know
why water did not run off from a muck
pocket or low place. On digging to the
tile, he found by prying one up the water
rushed in. Another case of this kind
was noted in underdraining a hog wal-
low ln an orchard two years ago. It nev-
er worked. The drain was taken up and
the tile covered with gravel and the tr0u-
ble was overcome. The past two seasons
have shown the defects of draining. Un-
derdraining is very expensive, and the
small added trouble of putting in gravel
in particular cases would add 50 per cent
to its utility.

Some writers in The Farmer have dis-

cussed modes of making a level of rub- .

ber tube with glass gauges at ends, etc.
After I had the mumps 'and measles, etc.,
I had the rubber tube level fever. This
was 25 years ago. They are not all prac-

Then lay two or

.is crowding the alfalfa

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

tical. One can get a regular drainage
level for from $15 to $75 One for $25
will do fairly good work. Most all drains
should be laid out. But it is better, and
not expensive, to get a. person familiar
with such work, and the result will be
very apt to be satisfactory.

Lapeer Co. "Drrcnnn."

 

BEST FERTILIZER FOR CORN.

 

Which would be the cheapest and best
for fertilizing corn in the hill? A fer-
tilizer with a 2:814 formula at $24 per
ton, or bone meal at $30 per ton?

Branch Co. W. S. H.

This is an exceedingly difficult question
to answer. One fertilizer is what is
known as a complete fertilizer, contain-
ing nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash,
the three essential elements of fertility.
While the other fertilizer, bone meal,
contains only two elements, nitrogen and

 

phosphoric acid, and does not contain any
potash. Now the question is whether the
land needs potash or not. Without know-
ing this, one does not like to risk bone
meal alone. IflV. S. H. has experiment-
ed so that he is satisfied that his soil
doesn't need potash, then undoubtedly
bone meal is the cheapest fertilizer to
use. Vi'e know very well that most of
our soils need phosphoric acid to grow
better corn, and bone meal contains a
larger supply of phosphoric acid than
does the 2:8:4 fertilizer. On the other
hand, if the soil needs potash as much
as it does nitrogen or phosphoric acid,
then the bone meal would not do as
much good as the 2:8:4 fertilizer, or a
complete fertilizer. Knowing no more
about the soil than is explained in W. S.
H.’s letter, I should say that safest and
best way would be to use the complete
fertilizer, 2:8;4.
COLON C. LILLIE.

 

FARM NOTES.

 

The Potato Blight.

Last summer I planted my potatoes be-
tween June 18 and 20. Seed was free
from scab or blight. The ground was
new sandy loam. Had a pretty fair stand,
but along the latter part of September
the blight struck them, causing a good
deal of the foliage to turn black. I have
got some fine white seed from these po-
tatoes and I intend planting, if spraying
these plants with Bordeaux mixture
would prevent them from being blighted
again. If it would prevent blight I would
like to know how to mix this solution,
and how much per acre if potatoes are
planted 32 inches both ways; and how
often w0uld I have to spray during the
season? I intend plowing three or four
acres of alfalfa stubble in which the grass
out in some
places. Which would be best for the po-
tatoes, to plow early or after the alfalfa
had got four or five inches of growth?

Kent Co. SUBSCRIBER.

The development of the potato blight
is due to the entrance of the spores of
this fungus generally through the leaf
tissues of the plant under favorable at-
mospheric conditions, the disease pro-
gressing very rapidly, as described in this
inquiry. Scientists are not agreed as to
whether this disease lives over in the
tubers and is developed in the succeeding
crop to any extent or not, although ex-
periments in the use of seed from the
blighted potatoes infected with the dis-
ease, show that infected tubers produce
weak and spindling sprouts, or in many
cases no sprouts at all. It is probable
that this is the most serious objection to
the use of potatoes from a. blighted crop
for seed, although some scientists contend
that there is a strong probability that
the fungus lives over winter in the tu-
bers in some instances and will appear
in the weakened stalks from these bills
the following year, from which source
the disease will spread. Prof. COOnS, of
the Michigan station, advises that pota-
toes which are sorted from either cellar
or pit where the blight has infected the
tubers to such a degree as to cause ex-
tensive rot should not be used for; seed.

The. advisability of using these potatoes,

for seed should, in the writer’s opinion,
depend very much upon their condition
and if any of them show an infected con-
dition upon cutting it would not be prof-
itable to use them in a season like the
present when potatoes are cheap.
Proper spraying with Bordeaux mixture
has been proven to be adequate protec-
tion from blight infection, where the
spraying is properly done. The number

  

AP: . L 2611-1953323... f

of. 'sprayings required, however. wuf Ede—'-
pend not a. little upon weather conditions. '
A‘s it will not be necessary to spray the
late-planted crop before early in August,
it is yet rather early to publish a formu-
la which many interested readers would
'mislay before that time, but this matter:
will be again commented upon at a suit-
able time before spraying is required.

Early or Late Plowing for Potatoes.

Undoubtedly better results would be
secured if this alfalfa sod is plowed as
early as practicable in the spring, al-
though it could be allowed to get some
growth before turning under; and still
be plowed comparatively early. The ear-
lier the potato ground is plowed, how-
ever, the better it can be prepared for
planting and a larger proportion of plant
food in the soil will thus be made avail-
able for the use of the potato crop.

THE VALUE OF WINTER EMMER VS.
SPELTZ.

Will you advise me as to the success
of emmer or speltz in Michigan and its
feeding value? AISO as to the success
of alfalfa and what is the best nurse crop
and about how much of both to sow to
the acre. What kind of fertilizer should
be used on both the Speltz and the al-
falfa, if any?

Genesee Co. B. F.

There is a difference betWeen emmer
and speltz. Emmer is a winter variety
and is sown in the fall like wheat. Speltz
is a spring variety sown in the spring at
the time of sowing cats. The plants are
somewhat similar and yet there is a dif-
ference. Emm‘ér is supposed to be the
best yielding plant. and it is'supposed to
be richer in food nutrients than speltz.
Winter emmer with the hull on analyzes
just about the same as Indian corn, or
winter emmer me‘al ground, hull and all,
as you would oats and corn meal, have
practically the same analysis. It is not
ucommon to raise 60 to 75 bushels of Win-
ter emmer to the acre, and this would
make it almost as valuable a plant as
corn, especially for cattle and horses.
There is almost too much fiber about the
hull to be used as a hog feed. Winter
emmer is being grown successfully in
Michigan at the present time. Last year
I grew about an acre of it and this year
We have a larger acreage. It is being}
grown as far north as Ogemaw county at
the present time. Whether it will prove
a more valuable plant for Michigan than
other plants which are grown here, I am
not prepared to say at the present time.
It is said to be a wonderfully drought
resisting plant.

Is Alfalfa a Success?

With regard to alfalfa being a. success
in Michigan, there isn’t any question
about it. Thousands of farmers are grow-
ing it now and getting all the way from
four to five or six and even seven tons of
cured bay to the acre in three or four
cuttings. A great deal has been learned
about growing alfalfa in the last few
years. W'e have learned that it wants
to be sown on rich soil and it wants to
be inoculated, that ordinary soils want,
in addition to fertilizer, lime to sweeten
the soil. And when we do this there is
little danger in having a failure with al-
falfa. Of course, alfalfa must be sown
on well drained land. If it is not natural-
ly well drained then it must be artificial-
ly drained by tile draining.

Best Fertilizers for these Crops.

The best fertilizer for winter emmer or
alfalfa or for any other crop grown in
Michigan is good stable manure reinforced
by commercial fertilizer rich in phosphOric
acid and potash. Stable manure is an
extravagant manure. to use alone because
it is comparatively rich in nitrogen and
we grow alfalfa and clover to get nitro-
gen. Now we want to spread our stable
manure on a little thinner and use a
commercial fertilizer rich in phosphoric
acid and potash to balance up this to give
the growing crops a balanced ration, Of
course, if one hasn't the stable manure
to use then he wants a little nitrogen in
the fertilizer to take the place of the
nitrogen which he would otherwise get in
the stable manure. In this way we feed ‘
the plants without stable manure, but
we must remember that we are furnish-
ing no organic matter in the soil and if
we feed plants in this way we must have
some plan or system of plowing down
some growing crop or some vegetable
matter to keep up the humus in the soil.

COLON C. LILLIE.

Stops His Advertisement.

The Michigan School for the Deaf.
which have been advertising stock in the
Michigan Farmer, writes as follows:

“Our advertisement for the present sea-
son has been so successful that all of
our surplus stock has been disposed of.
Kindly discontinue our advertisement un-I
til further notice."

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

APRIL 26, 1913.

SEDDING CLOVER AND ,ALFALFA
WITH OATS.;WHEN TO USE
LIME.

 

Am I on the right track? My soil is
a gravel loam and sand. Hard work to
get a. catch of clover. On account of
losing seeding my rotation for two fields
has been corn and oats and corn again
last year. I am putting the fields into
oats this year. I intend to lime soil Wllh
first dragging, then drag it over and in
sowing oats use fertilizers and seed with
oats. Or would it be better to use fer-
tilizer with oats then as soon as oats are
off lime my soil and chance a. fall seed—
ing? I intend to seed one field with red
clover and the other with alfalfa.

Washtenaw Co. J.

One cannot tell' whether this soil needs
lime or not without making an investi-
gation. Because clover has failed is strong
suSpicion that it is acid and does need
lime, but we are not certain. I would
apply the litmus paper test or the hydro-
chloric acid test. Possibly the only rea-
son why a clover failure was experienc-
ed was on account of acidity of the soil,
or possibly it was because the soil con-
tained a, very small amount of humus and
would not stand the drought. Then,
again, it is possible that it lacked plant
food, especially phosphoric acid and pot-
ash, the two mineral elements which the
clover plant must have if it prospers. Cer-
tainly J. L. G. is on the right track in
trying to get this land seeded to clover,
and probably he could do no better way
than to seed with oats this spring. but 1
would not seed with oats with the idea
of harvesting the oats as a crop of oats.
I would not sow over a bushel of cats to
the acre and then I would out these oats
for hay when they are just getting into
the milk, before the seed forms, and get
them off from the field. This will give
the land then to the clover and the al-
falfa and give it the. best kind of a
chance.

The proper time to apply the lime is
certainly after you have plowed the field
and harrowed it over once. Then apply
the lime and harrow it again and mix it
thoroughly with the soil. Then sow your
oats and clover and alfalfa at the same
rtime, that is, use a fertilizer grain drill
with grass seed attachment, letting the
clover seed drop in front of the drill hoes.
On the field which you intend to sow to
alfalfa it would be a splendid thing if
you would mix the fertilizer half-and-half
with screened dirt from an old alfalfa
field. This would inoculate the soil and
undoubtedly the soil needs inoculation.
The more liberal application of fertilizer

you have, not having stable manure, the

better chance you have of getting a good
catch and a good crop of either clover or
alfalfa.

I am of the opinion that it is better to
sow the alfalfa this spring with oats than
it would be to seed to oats and then
plow it later on and seed to alfalfa this
fall. Your clover and alfalfa will get a
better root system which will enable it
to withstand the rigors of next winter
better than it will if it is sown in August.

COLON C. LILLIE.

THE LABOR PROBLEM FROM THE
HIRED MAN’S STANDPOINT.

 

In the last issue of The Farmer I read
with much interest, the article on “The
Average Hired Man,” by Mr. Hutchins.
Now I am, I suppose, what he calls “the
average hired man.” I was brought up
on a farm and, not being needed much
at home, have worked for various
farmers.

Having had experience with good and
bad employers it seems to me that Mr.
Hutchins has stated only one side, and
that none too correctly. Because one man
has made a couple of aggravating mis-
takes, that does not make it out that
every “hired man” .is careless. It has
been my experience that the farmers are
more careless than their help. Most of
them expect their help to do just so
much with the team, regardless of the
weather. For example, I know of one
farmer who has had three or four good
horses spoiled because he insisted on his
man doing so much harrowing on a. sultry
day, yet that same man pretends that
he wants the help to be careful of the
horses and if his attention was called to
his horses’ condition would blame the
man for it. This farmer is not the only
one either, for I know of others that have
had their horses hurt,. and even killed,
by insisting on so much being done on
a hot day. Too many farmers hurry their
help and expect to get two days’ work

‘ in one and then blame the man for being

careless.

If they would pay better wages and
furnish work the year around and not
allow buildings, etc., to run down so that

.THE MICHIGAN FARMER ,

it takes four or five hours to get ready
for work, they would get better and more
reliable help. A man can’t be blamed for
going to to the city to work if he only
gets $25 a month for a few months in the
summer and has to work with old horses
and tools which are continually breaking
down, getting up at four in the morning
and working until dark at night, and then
doing chores until 8:30. I know of sev-
eral farmers who expect that of their
help, and yet they complain because the
men go west and into the ‘cities to work.

I have worked at only one place, and
that was in Illinois, where life was worth
living and where one could save money.
There one arose at four in the morning
but at six in the evening everything was
done and supper over, and the rest of
the time was yours. Up-to-date tools,
manure spreader, etc., cement floors in
the barn, and good harnesses, made the
chores and work easier and less irksome
and the work was done in less time.

If the farmers would have.» a system and
plan their work so that the hours would
be more regular, the “hired men” would
be more plentiful and more reliable.

Much more could be said if space per-
mitted, but perhaps this will cause some
farmers to realize that there is- at least
two sides to the farm help question.

Van Buren Co. A HIRED MAN.

 

 

—

SEEDING ALFALFA IN WHEAT.

 

_I would like to ask you a. few ques-
IlOllS about alfalfa. \Vould you seed with
wheat? We have 14 acres of first year
alfalfa and the June grass is getting in
it quite bad in places; would you disc it
up this year? If so, at what time?

Lapeer Co. SUBSCRIBER.

I don’t think our ground is well enough
inoculated with the bacteria which as-
sist the alfalfa plant in getting nitrogen
from the atmosphere so that we would
be warranted in seeding to alfalfa alone.
with wheat in the spring as We do with
common red clover. It is well inoculat-
ed with t'he red clover bacteria but it is
not with alfalfa bacteria. I am of the
opinion that the time will come after We
have raised alfalfa on all the fields of the
farm that we can seed the wheat ground
to alfalfa just the same way as we do
now to red clover, and be just as sure of
a stand, but I don’t believe that we can
risk this now. HOWever, I think it is a.
splendid plan to mix about one-third al-
falfa seed in with the red clover and seed
on the wheat in the usual way. Some
of this alfalfa will live and in that way
we will inooulate the soil so that when
We get ready to sow this field to alfalfa
it will be already inoculated.

I am aware that some are getting good
stands of alfalfa on fields that never
grew it before without any inoculation.
It is fairly safe to do it without inocu-
lat'ing if the field is rich and in good
tilth. The alfalfa will take care of it-
self without this bacteria until it gets
fairly Well established, and then it will
inoculate the soil without any particular
trouble. If I wanted to get this field
that is now in wheat. to alfalfa as soon
as possible I think I would rather not
seed in the spring but after the wheat
is harvested go on and fit the ground,
plow the ground and fit it, make a. fine
seed bed, work it carefully until the first
part of August, and then seed to alfalfa
alone. There is little danger that the
season will be dry at that time of the
year, eSpecially soil that is plowed aft‘er
wheat harvest, but if you will put enough
work on it I think that you can get this
in good condition by taking a little pains
in fertilizing when you sow the alfalfa
seed so that you will be practically as-
sured of a good stand. If I did this then
I would make arrangements to inoculate
the soil, either with soil from an old
alfalfa field or else get the commercial
nitro-culture.

With regard to the June grass which
is 00ming into the new alfalfa I would
not touch this until the alfalfa, was pret-
ty well established, certainly not until I
had cut one or two crops. Then, if the
June grass seems to be gaining on the
alfalfa. directly after harvesting the hay
I would goon with a spring-tooth har-
ro-w, not a disc harrow. I am sure the
spring-tooth harrow is the proper tool to
use for this purpose. It would be a good
thing if you had the spring teet’h sharp-
ened so that they would be a little point-
ed and not too broad. These will work
bet‘ween the alfalfa plants and not injure
them to any great extent and it will dig
out much of the June grass. If your al-
falfa field needs to be fertilized with a
phosphate fertilizer then is just the time
to put on this fertilizer before you har-

row the ground.
COLON: C. Lump.

 

 

3—515

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SOIL ANALYSIS—F REE !

TO USERS OF OUR FERTILIZERS
IN OHIO. INDIANA and MICHIGAN

Write for our “Silo Chart”——it tells you
What .to do.
. Dealers wanted—those interested in solvé
mg Silo-Problems for their trade.

THE OHIO STANDARD CHEMICAL CO.
(Soil Dept.) TOLEDO. OHIO

 


516-44

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For years farmers have been kickin

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TEE BEATRICE CREAMERY C0.

Chicano llnIuInl llob. lies linlnssl a Duhuulals.

 

 

    
  

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Gel A (lanadian Home

  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 

Free Homestead Area

The Province of has several
N
Manit toba W “5°31:
tricts that afford rare opportu-
nity to secure 160 Acres of
excellent agricultural land "E.

For Grain Growing
and cattle liaising

E, this Province has no superior
, and in profitable agriculture shows an
‘. unbroken period of over a quarter of a

century.

Perfect Climate: Good Markets: Rail-
ways Con venlent; Soil the very best. and
sociel conditions most desirable.

Vacant lands adheent to Free Home-
steads may be purchased and also in the
older Districts lands may be bought at
reasonable price

For Further Particulars. address

M. V. McInnes
17 6 Jefferson Ave.
Detroit, Mich.

 

or m Superintendent of Immigration.
Ottawa. Canada

 

 

YOUR APPLES

. .wm. NET you
MORE MONEY

After you have installed a
Monarch Hydraulic Cider
Press. .Wearethclurgest

  
   
 

J

tors, ere, in the country.
A B. Pnrquher Go.
LthBox 108.!orh.l’a.

In Western Ilanada’s

 

 

 

 

Mention the Michigan Farmer
when writing to advertisers.

TH E "Mic H I'G AN 7 1111-11-11 Ea

*J—IJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE .

Dairy

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIWIIIIII

fillIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIiIIlIIIIIIII|II|IlIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE
CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.

 

RAISING CORN FOR ENSILAGE.
Many times I have been asked the best
crop for ensilage. Corn is the only crop
that meets all the requirements. Land
that will raise a ton of hay to the acre
will raise 10 tons of corn, and land that
will raise one and one—half tons of bay
to the acre will raise 15 tons of corn.
Three tons of ensilage is worth as much
as a ton of timothy hay, so to make the
producing powers of an acre equal to the
corn for ensilage we would have to raise
five tons of hay.

My practice of raising corn is this. I
follow a four-year rotation—clover, corn,
potatoes and small grain. seeding with
10 quarts of red clover seed and two
quarts of timothy, mowing the clover
twice and planting it to com the next
spring. During the winter the manure
is hauled to the clover sod as fast as
made. about 10 to 15 loads to the acre.
It is plowed under in the spring about
six inches deep, then rolled and fitted
thorOughly with a. dim and spring-tooth
harr0w and planted in check rows three
feet each way. I find that it makes very
little difference whether the corn is put
in hills or drills if the same amount of
seed is used. except in cultivation, it
often being desirable to cultivate both
ways. In this locality Leaming corn will
make good ensllage. Never under any
circumstances put 011 more than eight or
10 quarts of seed to the acre. because
we must bear in mind that com is a.
sun plant and cannot mature it‘ planted
too thick.

As soon as the corn is planted begin
cultivation with a wecder or smoothing
barrow. After it. comes up go over it
again in the othcr direction. Kecp up
this early cultivation until the cultivat-
ors are started. This destroys the weeds
just as they are starting and hops the
plants better than could be done by hand.
The time has gone when we can afford
to hoe ensilage corn by hand. The early
surface work with the wecder and cul—
tivators makes short work of the weeds
and conserves soil moisture. As soon as
the weeder and smoothing barrows are
stopped keep up the good work with the

cultivator. Use some kind so that the
depth can be governed. Never put the
cultivator down dcep after the plants

have developed good root systems. If
necessary to go deep. do it while the corn
is small. but never after it is very large,
for deep cultivation injures the roots,
checking its growth to such an extent
that the crop will not mature before, frost
comes. Keep up cultivation frequently
until the corn is nearly full grown.
New York. W. MILTON KELLY.

 

l-iOW TO GROW PEAS AND OATS.

I would like a little advice on Iaising
Canada peas and oats, for feeding to
rows. I have a faiily rich soil, clay and
sand, and have a liberal amount of 2: 8: 4
fertili7er to sow. llow much oats and
how much peas should I sow to an acre
and what is the best way to sow them?
J have a giain drill with fertilize1 11t-
vtachmc11t.Cz1n oats and Canada 119 is be
cut with a grain bindel? Do Canada
peas and oats make, about a balanced r11—
Iion for cows, alone whe1e clovei hay
and fresh cut cornstalks are fed? I
have a liberal amount of corn which I
could mix in.

Saginaw Co. M. TV. M.

If you have a good rich soil containing
a. liberal amount of clay you can hope to
raise a profitable crop of peas and oats.
Both of these crops like a rich soil con-
taining 21 good per cent of clay to hold
moisture. A 2-8—4 fertilizer will be a
good fertilizer for this crop. It is a.
splendid fertilizer for oats Peas don’t
need probably quite so much nitrogen, in
fact, they get a good deal of their nitro—
gen from the atmosphere and one might
cut down on the amount of nitrogen in
the fertilizer, and yet it will give the oats
and also the peas 3. quick start and
might possibly on your soil be the very
best formula for you to use.

I would mix the cats and peas togeth-
er and sow them with a grain drill. If
you want to sow them to harvest for
grain and grind the grain to feed the
cows then sow equal parts by measure.
It you make hay out of them sow equal
parts by weight. Sowing the peas with
the cats the oats will hold the peas up
so that they can readily be harvested by
the self-binder and 'handled in. just the

 

 

same way you would an out crop alone.

>You “can make a splendid ration for
dairy cows if you feed them all the good
clover hay they will eat up clean and
all the fresh cut cornstalks.they care for
every day and then give them peas and
oats ground, for a grain ration. This is.
a splendid ration, and if you have got
good dairy cows you can afford to feed
as many pounds per day to each cow as
she produces pounds of butter-fat in a
week, and if a cow won’t do well on this
ration she should be disposed of.

 

HOW TO MAKE GOOD DAIRY
BUTTER.

 

Would you please tell me the correct
method for making good butter? Is there
any way to determine just how long the
cream should stand before churning and
how much salt to use per pound?

St. Clair Co. SUBSCRIBER.

Butter making is both a science and
an art. It is a science when we under-
stand the laws governing bacteria and
temperature. “'e cant’ hope to make
good butter unleSs we have good clean.
pure milk from healthy cows. Then this
milk must be handled properly. One
great trouble in making butter fromva
small number of cows is the keeping of
cream. in proper condition until enough
of it is accumulated to make a churning.
If one had encugh cream so .that it would
pay to churn every day then much of
the trouble with the butter maker would
vanish, but of course this is impossible in
the ordinary farm dairy. The cream
must be kept from one skimming to an-
other and sometimes for two or three
days before enough is accumulated so that
it will pay to bother to churn.

Now the thing to bear in mind in this
r‘eSpect is just as soon as you are through
separating to take the cream and
cool it down at least to 60 degrees. Set
it in cold water and stir it until the ani-
mal heat is out, and thou set it away in
a cool place. the cooler the better. “'hen
you skim the next milking cool the cream
down in the same way‘and then mix it
with the old cream. Never mix warm
with cold c1‘enm——y0u will get into trou—
ble. You will not have nice flavored but—
ter if you do this. The storage where the
cream is kept should be not only cool but
ventilated so that there will be a circu-
lation of air. _

After you have in this way accumulat-
ed enough crezim for a churning, depend-
ing, of course, upon the size of your
churn and the number of cows which you
have, then the cream should be ripened
before churned. Even the last batch of
cream that you have before you churn
ought to be cooled before it is mixed
with the other cream. If you keep the
cream too long it turns bitter and makes
bitter butter. Vl'hen it is time to churn
bring the cream out and warm it up to
70 degrees. This is best done on the
farm by setting the cream can in a tub
of warm water and gradually stirring the
cream until it gets up to 70 degrees.
Don’t trust anything but a good ther-
mometer in taking temperatures. There
is where mofit peeple make a mistake in
making butter; they guess at things that
thcy should know absolutely. After you
have warmed the cream to 70 degrees,
keep it in a room of about that tempera-
ture for 24 hours. This will allow the
cream to sour or to ripen, as the butter
maker calls it. One can tell after a lit-
tle experience by the looks of cream when
it is ripe enough. It has a golden glossy
appearance which is readily distinguished
by one who has had experience. At the
beginning it Would be a splendid thing
to have a Mann’s acid test to test the
cream for acidity, but after a time one
who is quite observing can get along
without the test for acidity. He can tell
by the looks of it, or by the taste of it
pretty well if he has a healthy sense of
taste.

Now when the cream is ripe enough,
it should be cooled down at least to 60
degrees in the Winter time and in the
summer time lower than that, before
churning. Churn until the butter breaks
and when it is in granules as large as
kernels of wheat, stop churning. If your
butter does not gather in granular form
it is a good sign that your cream is not
cold enough for churning. Next draw off
the buttermilk. If some of the butter-
runs out with the buttermilk you will
have to have a little strainer, because
you must not allow the butter to gather
in masses before yOu wash out the but-
termilk. If you do you will not get it
all out. After the buttermilk is thor-
oughly drained out then put in cold wat-
er. It must not be warm because if it is
the butter will gather in masses, which
must be avoided until after you get the
butter salted. Put in cold water and

mm; 20.1 11113.,

turn the churn over once.
this water off and put in some more wat-
er, turn it over again, and draw this off,
and keep doing this until the water runs
away clear. Then the buttermilk is ‘all
washed out of the butter.

And now, while the butter is still In
this granular form, grains' about the size
of kernels of wheat. add your salt. What
You want is about an ounce, or an ounce
and a quarter, of salt to the pound of
butter after it is packed. You must add
about an ounce and a half of salt, per-
haps a little bit more, to this granular
mass, and then 'it should be thoroughly
stirred in. You can do this with a wood-
en spoon, but a wooden form~ made on
purpose for it is better than a spoon.
After it is well stirred in take the ladle
and remove the butter from the churn
into a butter bowl and let it stand. Then
you can re-work it if you wish to. This
will, if it is not overdone, get out exces-
sive moisture and any remaining butter-
milk. Most people, however, take it in
this granular form, or after it is washed
and salted and turn the churn over un-
til it gathers in masses. Then take it
out and pack it directly into jars, or
they allow It to stand awhile in the gran-
ular form and then re-work it. I

Now this is practically all there is to'

making fine buttea. Nobody can make
tine butter unless they have flnesweet
cream to start with; if you have this and
handle it as stated above. you can make
a gilt-edge product.

 

HOLSTEIN BREEDERS MEET.

 

The ‘West Michigan Holstein Breeders'

Association met April 9, at the Board of'

Trade rooms, Grand Rapids, with an at-
tendance of 40 members despite the busy
season. A number of the members are
fruit growers also and are busy with
spraying. President M. “K Willard, of
Kent county, presided and the speakers
from outside were Frank R. Crandall and
H. TV. Norton, Jr., both of Livingston
county. Mr. Norton is president of the
Michigan State Holstein-Friesian Asso-
ciation and Mr. Crandall is ex—president
of that organization.

Peter Buth. of Kent county, who has
spent the past winter in Europe, spoke of
the, black and white cattle in Holland.
He says that while they have a fine lot
of show cattle there. when it comes to
milking, or performance at the pull, the
cows in this country are ahead. Beef is
high there, two and three—year-old steers
bringing $150.

Dr, Elzinga, of Kent county, spoke on
tuberculosis in cattle and answered many
questions. First physical symptoms of
the disease, he said, might be general
signs of not doing well. attacks of indi-
gestion, enlarged lymphatic. glands and a
cough. He prefers the interdermal t0 the
Iemperature test, though both fall some-
times.

In the afternoon Mr. Crandall spoke on
Holstein types and their relation to the
dairy function. He prefers the beef and
milk forms to the milk form, though care
should be taken not to breed too strongly
toward the beef type.

President Norton brought greetings from
the Livingston county Holstein Associa-
tion, organized about :1 month ago and
with a rapidly growing membership. He
spoke of the Central Michigan Associa-
tion. at Lansing, and the Lenawee coun-
ty breeders and said that all local bodies
ought to give support to the state organ-
ization for the sake of remedial legisla-
tion and other mutual advantages. It
was stated there are from 2,000 to 2,500
people in Michigan who are directly in-
terested in Holstein breeding in Michigan
and less than nine per cent of them are
members of the state association. He
gave official records‘of Holstein leaders
and also showed by charts covering the
Fast five years that the number of cows
being tested is increasing, With a good
increase also in butter-fat records each
year.

Secretary Harper made a report on the

recent sale of the Sprague herd. the facts.

being as follows: Less than four years
ago T. W. Sprugue started with a foun-
dation herd of,14 females and a yearling
bull, the investment being $4,000. His
herd since that time has paid over 20 per
cent interest in cattle sold, besides the
milk and butter product. and the ‘40 head
have just brought $14,415 cash. “What
Mr. Sprague has done," says Mr. Harper.
“can be done by any farmer who will
buy good quality cattle for a foundation
herd, feed and care for his cattle properly
and give every purchaser a square deal."
It was voted to hold the August, or
picnic meeting, of the association in
Grand Rapids. A. (3mm.

Then draw ’

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

._l
'3

APRIL 26, 1913.

 

TH 5.17? auras £5 QTE-Dii‘ib‘flksi C?

 

~ TheiDutchg’Beited’fw‘cattlef'ar'e natives ’ 6t

Hollandi‘and‘ the original name” is "Dalton;

field: This name is still u'seddn-Holland'
ahdcomég‘from the word, laken, méaning’

a ”sheet wound around the animal’s body.
1 Their type-and color were established
bys'cientiiic breeding, which dates baCk
beyond "the“seventeenth century and the
breed were .‘formerly in' the hands or 'the
HSii'an'a Bobmty‘ who still ‘keep them pure.
The'ihi's'torian, Motley, has said; "These
are the; iiiost wonderful cattle in the
world," and for a scientific breeding at-
taiimnnt they have no parallel. The wars

 

The potency of the white belt is a con-
spicuous characteristic of these cattle and
it will often show up on the grade stock
after several generations. When a Dutch
Belt bull is crossed upon other breeds or
upon grade stock, the result will usually
be gray belted, red belted, or black belt-
ed. No matter what; may be the founda-
tion color, the white belt is usually re-
tained on the grade animal. It proves
that the Lakenfield or Dutch Belt cattle
are not purely a. result of accidental
breeding and there is no other breed that

 

can compare with them in potency.

The Dutch Belts in Holland are said
to be larger and have broader belts than

 

 

Herd of Dutch Belted Caitle illustrating

on the continent Were responsible for
destroying many fine animals and at the
present time it is estimated that'there
are comparatively. few of these Dutch
Belted cattle in Holland. The animals
have a broad band of white around the
barrel which stands out in marked con-
trast to the black body. The white belts
are sometimes very broad, but the ten-
dency in recent years has been to breed
for a medium narrow belt. They are the
most beautiful of the first-claSS dairy cows
and never fail to attract great attention
wherever they are exhibited.

At one time there were herds of Belted
cattle in Holland having white heads and
around the eyes were black rings about
one inch wide.» This is an unusual and
peculiar feat in breeding and while it is
not a practical point worthy of the at-
tention of modern scientific breeders, it
is still of great interest because of the
difficulty of its accomplishment.

’ One of the first importers of Dutch
Belts was P. T. Barnum, the great show-
man. Their unique and attractive ap-
pearance struck his fancy and he brought
them over as a novelty to entertain and
‘please the public. He found that their
singular and attractive appearance in the
‘show tent was not their best recommen-
ldation as they proved to be excellent

 

Peculiar Color Markings of the Breed.

those in America. Most of them have
some white on the hind feet, but the
American breeders are trying to eliminate

 

all the white save for the broad belt.
The Dutch Belts have strOng, vigorousl

 

constitutions and are very hardy. They
stand sudden changes in climate and}
thrive well on ordinary rations. 'l‘bci
calves are of large size and the bulls
crossed with grade cows will produce:
calves of excellent size and quality. ’i‘he‘

Belts are a large size dairy cattle and
the cows usually weigh between 1.000
and 1,250 pounds, while some of the bulls
have reached over a ton in weight. This,
breed is distinguished for doeility and the
bulls seldom become ill-tempered with
old age. The cows are usually gregarious
and it is difficult to pick the mistress of
the herd. In selecting a family cow, no
more beautiful and useful animal can be
found than the Dutch Belt. For the
si‘iburbanite who desires several high-
class animals, there are few breeds that
have a more perfect combination of util-
ity and beauty.

.\t the present time there is an in-
creasing number of these animals in the
‘l‘nited States and the establishment of
amid herds is not so greatly restricted by,
the scarcity of good breeding stock. \Vben ‘
systematic breeding and selection are

l
I
l

 

 

 

 

 

 

KnoXJem‘AlI—Grand Champion Dutch Belted Bull

at Chicago National Show,

1912, Owned by Kirby Orchard Co., of Van Buren County.

milkers. D, H. Haight, the United States
Consul to Holland, made the first impor-
tation of these cattle in 1838. A number
of the Dutch Belted cattle have been sent
from this country to Canada and Mexico
and in recent years exportations have
been made to England, Brazil and Cuba.
There are about 600 Dutch Belt breeders
in the United States at the present time
and formerly most of the herds have
been largely cenfined to the states of New
YOrk, New Jersey, Connecticut and Vir-
ginia. There are now numerous and ex-
tensive herds in Illinois, Michigan, Wis-
consin, Iowa, Kansas, and California.

carried on to increase the production and
the popularity of these beautiful cattle.
it is expected that they will take a place
in the front rank of American dairy
breeds.

Van Buren Co. B. G. KIRBY.

Don’t» forget to plant some sweet corn
or other corn to be used to feed the cows
during the summer drought unless you
have plenty of summer silage. If you
have plenty of summer silage then this
can be omitted, because that will take
the place of all other green forage during

the drought. _ ‘

 

    
     
 
  
  
   
   
   
     
    

  

 

i

ran-‘2‘ \‘L' \. N ' '_
its!.ti*

IIHI-..-gl‘ u..--.1l|ll

Three cows and a,

DE LAVAL SE§§E2¥OR

will make ’more money than
four cows with gravity setting

Thousands upon thousands of cow owners have already proved
this statement; any experienced dairyman will verify it for you.
With such a big saving it is hard to understand why any cow
“owner should try to get along without a De Laval Cream Separator.
If you are selling cream or making butter, and have no sepa-
rator, or else an inferior machine, we.know if we could put a
De Laval on your place we would be domg you a personal favor.
If you haven’t a separator don’t make the mistake of starting
with a “ cheap ” or inferior machine. When you do buy a sepa-
rator—as sooner or later you surely will-be sure to get the best
—the De Laval.

Remember, you can’t make money by trying to save money .
in the purchase price of a cream separator. A De Laval. costs
only a little more than the cheapest and will save you tWice as
much and last five to ten times as long as other separators.

THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR Co.
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE

 

 
 

,The Hand Cranked «alamaoo m

Separator is Doomed SILOS Last!
Wherever Ten cows Are Milked Construction is right. material

is right. Only silo made with full-
The “AUTOMATIC” is :‘englth. sltguctuiraafltesrtff‘l Segtigrféaifiifi
' ' CaVI y ga V anC( .
(ttzlkllsrégitltgqpil?fees 28-} a crevice exposed to rust. Choice of seven
1' 0
cranking. Skims

  
 
      
  

  
    
  

   
  
 
 

  

  

lllllllll : m...
lllllllll-‘sllllllr
iumistilt; ‘
millennium .

    

       

kinds of wood. Inficxible guarantee. We
prepay freight. Catalog shows many more
fine points, write for it today. Adams Deni.30.

    
     
  

    

faster than ten .llflfllll'; “WW

. uumzoo mm a sun co. » M's l.....:':
men can. Illilk. Kalamazoo. Mich. Kanm y. a. \A, _ ' ,
\Vhen milking linnupolis. Minn. lo. Ft. Worth. Texas "P” map!

is done skim-
ming is done.

AUTOMATIC

Cream Separators

are driven by an effi-
cient little gasoline
engine, m agn e to
equipped, solidly built
into separator itself.
Everydairyman milk-

 

     
 
   

  
 
 

Only ailo made with these com-
"I bined features. Doors on Hinges.
. Continuous Door Frame. Refrig-
erator type of Door and Door
- Frame. Oval Door Frame to fit
‘ exact circumference. Not a bolt
‘ In entire door frame or°doors.
‘ xtrn Heavy Hoops and Lugs

  
  
  

iii
. llllllllllll

    
  

 
  
 
 

  
        
      

ingeightcows or more an m ‘ Root Butter. and Anchors furnilhod
should have the facts SepargIOI' FREE. Backed up by 83 years of ex per-
about the AU'I‘O- Combined lance. Write for catalog which explain:

 

MATIC." Writeforcatalog 13. on. AGENTS WANTED.

  

 

"‘ Standard Separator Co. MILW§OEK§§3WIS~

 

 

 

 

   
   
    

 

       
  
  

gang;

  

MAIN FEATURE

.l.

    

29 51765

 

 
 

OF A SILO
, IS a Good Door. Easily made, easily erected. Molded from .
. cement with an inexpensive mold right on
We Have It. Investigate. yourfarm by any farm hand. Makes a silo l

 
 

 

 

like rock. frost and fire proof, positively air-
tight. lVe also sell guaranteed tile silos all '-
ready to put together. Either silo big money :
saver. Write for booklet and special offer.
CEMENT 8i. TILE Sill) CO.
pl. 52 lialnmazoo, Mich.

 
 
 
 

 
 

Write us for our BOOK of SILOS.
BOURBON SILO CO.

 

        

 

 

 

 

 

BOURBON, INDIANA.
95 AND UPWARD
'— SENT ON TRIAL

TMERICAN

Thousands In Use isfaction Justifics

your investigating our wonderful offer to
furnish abrand new, well-made. easy run-
ning, eaSily cleaned, perfect skimming sep-
arator for only $15.95. Skims one quart of milk a. minute, warm or cold. Makes
thick or thin cream. Different from this picture. which illustrates our low priced
large capacity machines. The bowl is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our
latest improvements.

Our Twenty-Year Guarantee Protects You

Qur wonderfully low prices and high quality on all sizes and generous terms of .
the] Will astonish you. Whether your dairy is large or small. or if you have an old separator of any - - .
make you Wish to exchange. do not fail to get our great offer. Our richly illustrated catalog, Jentfree
zfrharge conquest, is the most complete. elaborate and expensive book on Cream Separators issued by
any concern in the world. Wertern ordersfillm'fram Western pointy. Write today for our catalog
and sec for 310147er what a big money saving proposition we will maké you. Address,

    

 

 


 
 
   

 

 

518—6

More Profit from '
. Your Cows
By Keeping them lien/thy.

If on have a cow that does not
pr uce as much good milk as you
, think she ought, you have a sick
cow—and sick cows cannot be ex-
pected to be profitable.
For sixteen years 1(me has been
proving its value as a great cow med-
Icine, and thousands of cow owners
use it constantly for the prevention
and cure of the ills of cows. Un-
like a so-calied stock food which
at best can only stimu-
late temporarily,

 

is a
remedy of great me-
, dicinal value, acting \
upon the blood, digestion h
and the organs of regeneration.‘
It repairs run-down systems and\
enables cows to thrive on nature’s
food. Kora-Kare is a positive cure
and preventive for Securing, Bunches, ~
Red Water, Milk Fever and Lost Ap-
petite; for Abortion, Barrenness and
Retained Aiterbirth. Sold by most
feed dealers and dru gists, to 50C
and $1.00 packages. aluable free
publication, “The Cow Book,"can
be had at your dealer’
or from
vDsiry Association
' Company
‘ Lyndonville,Vt.

2 Sizes
50 ¢ and 5130—0

 

 

-‘.: r .
and keeps SHEEP tree from fresh attacks.
Used on 260 million sheep annually. Increases
enormity and quality of wool. Improves appear-
ance and condition of flock. If dealer can't
supply you send $1.75 for 82 packet. Shipments
can be made from New York City. Specially
illustrated booki'eit. on 'i‘Ticks" sent free for ask-
ing. npostonrd b 1135 1;.
II. COOPER & IE? will”, ILLS.
lost. 23 M I. sols St.

'5

 

 

UUR‘SHEPHERD‘S leEND
AND GUIDE“ SENT FREE!

' slodornflofiodsot Mhowtoh
lect. Breed, Feed and Market them. Money wouldn't
buy this Book. it you could not getsnother. Sent
”MOW"... Writehosr'loolpholist. shows how
to cut out the middleman Ind geth toiic I lb. more for
was.

warm. won “.800. lax 10.. n. m.

 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
 

Shirley
President,
Suspenders

ive longest and most
iiomfortsble service to!
dress or work.
The back slides and pro- ,
vents binding on the .
shoulders. i
Light. MediumJL'xtrn Heavy.
Extra. lengths for tall men.
Signed guarantee on each pair.
PRICE 50 CENTS.
Any dealer or from the factory.
DGARTON MFG. 00.

THE C. A. E
”Mm 501 Main St.. Shirley. Mags.

 

CATALOGUIS FRIE
AG IX“ WANTED
Perkin Wind Hill &
Engine Co. Est. 1860
135 mm; 51.

Mishwsh. lid.

rum: sonar rat/5%

p, it in with this Society. Interest mid
._ semi-en uslly. Let us have your name and
, dress and we will tell you of the adven-
. ,‘ thus by this Society which has been
‘« doimr business for over twenty years.
’ The Industrial Savings Society.
' 819 mmmond Bide" Detroit. Inch. ,
‘ I. nor wusssusr. rm. “ warm at. nuts. s-oy.

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE MITCHIG

Animal Mentality and Rabies

given to our domestic animals a.

considerable attention and study
and yet overlook the important fact that
the natural bent of the mind of each ani-
mal has much to do with the symptoms
manifested when suffering from diseases
that prey upon all kinds of our live stock,
notably the rabies. Still farther, some
say that animals do not have any mind
in a degree worthy of consideration.

In consulting many different authors on
the subject of rabies resulting from a.
mad dog bite, some eminent in the pro-
fession of veterinary science, refer the
reader for symptoms in cattle to those
described when speaking of the symptoms
as manifested by horses. Such is an
egregious blunder that has, inlthe past,
and is likely to in the future, cause a
misapprehension as to the real difficulty
with whicu the practitioner has to con-
tend, and subject communities to great
danger from loss of stock and also loss of
human life.

The fact that animals manifest agreat
degree of mentality, is so well under-
Stood by those who handle them every
day, that no one who makes any preten-
sions at intelligence ought to venture a.
denial. The fact that the dog and the
horse have an acute mentality, which will
enable them to perform remarkable feats,
is also well known. I remember seeing
a horse take a chalk stick in his teeth
.and write down on a blackboard figures,

THERE' are a. good many who have

answering problems propounded by
strangers in the audience.
Dogs have keen perceptivcs. sec at a.

glance what is being done and draw con-
clusions as to what they should do very
quickly. The shepherd dog can distin~

guish as to numbers and can bring int0'

the flock the number of sheep mentioned
by the shepherd. In general dogs are
faithful and obedient servants. Dogsnre
descendants of the wolf and jackal and
inherit from their ancestors grout mental
acumen. When afflicted with the rabies
they seem to revert back to the mental
conditions of their ancestors and mani-
fest a disposition of cusscdness and dc—
struction during the frenzied paroxyms,
much like the natural disposition of their
wild ancestors. Biting is a mania with
them, except when afflicted with the
dumb rabies.

With the home, he manifests a differ-
ent line of symptoms which are distinctly
his own. He 'becomes restless, refuses
feed; at times munifests nervousness,
trembles, breathes hard. paws, reels
around and falls down, and after a se—
vere struggle rises, seemingly collected
until he is again seized by another par-
oxysm or fit. He is often ugly, bites,
foams at the mouth and Shorts, repeating
his round of furious manifestations until
exhausted, and finally dies.

VVVith the cattle the symptoms differ
greatly. Their inherent bent of mind
leads them to manifest their misery in a.
different manner. After passing the pe-
riod of “incubation,” the disease comes
on, the animal refuses food, stands away
from the herd in :1 kind of stupor, with
eyes half closed, breathes uaturully, but
the pulse is quickened and yet the tem-
perature is natural. A slight noise will
agitate, causing the eyes to glare and
exciting bellowing as though distressed,
at first strong and breaking into a weak
falsetto. The sight of a dog or hearing
one bark will set them in a rage and will
renew the peculiar lowing. The animal
tries to walk but staggers. Saliva falls
from the mouth and as the disease ad-
vances foams and froths zit the mouth.
If offered water plunges the muzzle in
but can not drink. Repeats the parox-
ysms until exhausted and dies.

Notice the difference in the manifest-
ation of symptoms: The dog and horse
bite to munifcst their mental condition.
The cow stands in a stupor until crazed
and then ruShes at any living thing to
bunt or hook. The cow does not try to
bite. The deg howls, the cow bellows and
moans. The horse has fits, or conVul-
sions. The dog has bloodshot eyes, the
cow has glaring eyes. The horse tremblcs,
the cow sways and becomes stiff when
she attempts to walk. They all foam or
froth at the mouth during the advanced
stages.

The Nature of the Disease.

Authorities do not agree as to the na-
ture of the disease, but there are some
things we know! The disease is com-
municated from one animal to another
by the virus carried in the saliva of the
rabid animal and the secretions such as
the milk, and possibly the meat. The

 

A N FA R M.E~R

minute micro-organisms get lodgement

in the tissue of the animal inoculated by ,
or getting the saliva on a. spot'

a bite,
where there is an abrasion of the skin.
and apparently remains‘ there during the
period of incubation, which varies from
seven days to a year and a half. After
these minute protozoa have hatched, they
seem to be carried by blood circulation to
the brain of the animal, and also operate
in the submaxillary glands and sublingu-
al glands the irritation causing a liberal
flew of saliva. While there are mani-
festations of thirst, it is impossible for
the animal to swallow. ‘

At the beginning of the disease animals

have an abnormal appetite and will eat
wool, hair, cloth and other indigestible
articles, which fact misleads ihe unin-
formed to believe that it is a case of in-
digestion. Post mortem examinations
have revealed the fact that the processes
of digestion were suspended soon after
the disease became developed.
Reasons for Reveallng the Facts.
I have been induced to offer these hints

 

  

 

a

i.
in regard to the dread disease, on ac—
count of misapprehensions of the actual
symptoms in a case near where I live.
()ne cow after another was taken and
died. the owner not knowing what the
disease could be until the fourth one was
sick and I was applied to. I at once
pronounced it a case of rabies, the brain
was sent to Ann Arbor to the Pasteur de-
partment and it was found that my con-
tention was correct.

Some facts should be borne in mind;
Each and every class of animal has their
own method of manifesting symptoms
when afflicted with rabies. There is al-
wuys great danger from communicating
the disease to other animals, as well as
men, when there is a rabid animal
around, henceihe necessity for dispos-
ing of the animals at once; burning is
safest and best. Do not: let any feed
be given to other animals that has been
near the diseased animal, for if the saliva
falls on it there is danger of the animal
eating it. getting inoculated with the
virus. Do not handle the diseased ani-
me], dead or alive, with bare hands. Al-
ways have the hands covered, as any lit—
lie abrasion of the skin may take in the
virus and serious results follow. Do not
use the milk from a rabid animal even
in the first stages, nor feed it to other
animals. Do not let dogs consume the
carcasses of animals that have died of
the disease as there is a possibility of
their scattering the diseasee.

Every farmer should become familiar
with the symptoms of the disease in all
classes of stock, so as to be able to de-
tcct it at its first approach, to prevent
loss of valuable animals and endangering
human life. The United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture has issued Farmers’
Bulletin 449 on the subject, and it con-
tains much valuable information. Culti-
vate the habit of scrutinizing every
strange dog t'hat comes along to see if
he has any symptoms of rabies. To see
that the local sanitary boards enforce the
muzzling of all degs allowed to run at
large in an infected area, and destroy
all dogs not muzzled, would do much to-
ward stamping out this dreaded disease,
which is destructive of property and a.
menace to human life.

Wayne Co. N. A. (Snare.

I
in“ \" ' '

mm is, 1.18;.

a , 2r .é‘lisgélflii‘”... Tiff"

“If? ni‘pjrs, y

 

  
 
    

" --7w_‘¢3 someneedlework“; _ .
don—of '9. crate desoribed- in‘FolrmeiiW-‘Bul-‘i‘

i_etinvNo.,,205_.-%The best size-is ‘611t;.iong;f-:‘f
2 ft.‘ 4 ,in.- -wide,‘and 21,9 ftwhighfvitvisi.
made; of 12x4-inchlscantling. ciosedggln“ -
front-and open bethd. On each side nan“ ‘
a. Ext-inch strip, reaching from the‘bot-f...‘:.. .

tom at the rear end to, a; point-about 14
or .16,;inches from the top..at the front
end for the boar to rest his feet—on. ~{1‘he
holes in theside cleats are for an iron
,rod to run through, just behind "the sow's ’
hock joints. The cut shows the bottom
' boards put in lengthwise. If put in side-
wisg. the boar will not. slip so much.
Light slats nailed'crossWise will prevent
slipping. ‘ - .

Fee3£3§?$§o_él’€i~as.

Alfalfa for Hog Pasture.

I have a hilly field which is difficult to
cultivate and would wish to sow this to
some permanent hog pasture. Would
alfalfa. do, or would the hogs kill it? It
alfalfa is not suitable for this purpose.
what could be used?

Ingham Co. A. S.

There is no plant so well adapted to a.‘
permanent hog pasture as alfalfa; It

 

 

 

 

 

"an. ,\ o
I K
.. 2...? .0 k6

' dis--
a

 

aunt?“ ..~

4/

‘ should have, however, intelligent handling

to succeed as a permanent ho‘g pasture.
The plants would be injured by over-
stocking the pasture and thus keeping
the growth down and not permitting it
to develop an abundant leaf surface. The
right way to handle an alfalfa hog‘ pas-
ture would be to have it divided into two
or three fields, keep the hogs off until it
gets a good growth then turn them in
without overstocking the pasture and
when the new growth begins to show at
the croWns of the plants take the hogs
off and cut the alfalfa which is left for
hay. H properly managed they can be
turned from one field into another in this
manner and have an abundance of the
very best pasture at all times without in
any way injuring the alfalfa which makes
such an_ abundance of forage that when
managed in this manner it will furnish
feed for a larger number of pigs than any
other crop, however closely pastured.
Grain Ration for Horses.

Which would be the more economical
grain ration, with clover hay, for horses
doing general farm work: to buy oats at
450 per bu. to feed with corn. which I
have, or to get the corn ground and feed

with bran and cottonseed meal or oil
meal? Please give me a balanced ra-
tlon.

Van Buren Co. M. N.

While corn and oats and clover hay will
make a. very well' balanced ration for
work horses and perhaps a more whole.
some one than one which can be made
up with the other feeds mentioned, yet
very satisfactory results can be secured
from them. The writer has used a grain
ration composed of 600 lbs. of corn, 100
lbs. of oil meal and 100 lbs. 0f bran even
where some oats were added, using
as few or as many oats as desired, which
makes a very well balanced and satisfac-
tory grain ration for work horses. Cot-
tonseed meal could be subStituted for the
oil meal and bran, but would not be quite
as wholesome a feed although a little
cheaper at the prices noted. Cottonseed
meal, being richer in protein, could be used
at the rate of one pound to six pounds of
corn to give a well balanced ration, but
While well balanced from the standpoint
of nutrients, the writer prefers the oil
meal as a. factor in the ration because of
its beneficial effect upon the digestive
system of the horse.

t
3. _
#3.

H4; ‘

 

 

 

An.

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

APRIL 26, 1913.

FEED FOR UNIFORMITY IN THE
LAMB CROP. ’ '

 

Uniformity in the growth and develop-
ment of the lamb crOp is of much greater
importance than generally considered by
the average flock owner as the amount
of profitable gain and the market value
is largely dependent upon this essential
quality. The market on every hand is
demanding a more uniform quality of
stock. The flock owner desiring to pro-
duce maximum gain at the most eco-
nomic cost and sell at the highest mar-
ket price must endeavor to produce stock
that most‘nearly meets the market re—
guirementS. The lamb crop that comes
to ‘market maturity in the fall possessed
of a wide variation in growth and phy-
sical form must be sold at a discount on
a discriminating market.

To encourage the growth and develop-
ment of uniformity in the lamb crop, at-
tention should be centered on giving the
lambs a good start. There are always
some lambs in the flock that are well
born and capable of looking after them-
selves, while others are more unfortunate
and require additional care. Strong milk-
ing ewes have a great advantage 'over
scant milking ewes and consequently in-

duce their nursing progeny to make_

greater bone and flesh growth. Ewes that
are naturally good milk producers need
not be given as close attention as the
ewes deficient in nourishment for their
young. Not infrequently ewes are found
that even~ on good pasture will not pro-
duce sufficient nourishment to promote
rapid growth in their nursing offspring
without a supplemental feeding, but such
ewes are the exception and can not be
taken as a guide for the management of
the flock. It is the poor nursing ewes
that require additional care in order to
supply nourishment to induce growth as
rapidly in the young as the ewes pos-
sessed of strong milk-producingtendency.

Ewes troubled with indigestion, dainty
appetites or physical disorder of any na-
ture are generally poor milk producers
and should be discarded. It is a waste
of time and feed to keep ewes troubled
with any form of physical disorder as
their lambs are generally unthrifty and
impair the uniform appearance of the
lamb Cl‘Op.

In every flock ewes are found that pos-
sess a wide variation in milking qualities.
This variation necessarily intensifies the
difficulty of encouraging uniform growth
in the lamb crop and may to a large
measure, prove an unsurmountable ob-
stacle. Poor milking ewes, however, can
be encouraged to greater activity by
proper feeding upon easily digestable food
along with the pasture. “'here a large
flock of ewes are kept and it is noticed
that a number of lambs are falling be-
hind in growth the ewes should be sep-
arated out and turned onto another pas-
ture where they can be given special care.
It pays well during the suckling period
to’resort to every possible method of
handling the ewes to promote uniform
development in the lamb crop as more
rapid and profitable gain in bone and
flesh can be made while the lambs are
nursing than at any other time.

Shiawassee Co. LEO C. REYNOLDS.
A LAMB SHOW AT THE LIVE STOCK

MEETING.

The Officers and executive committee
of the Michigan Improved Live Stock
Breeders' and Feeders’ Association re-
cently held their annual meeting and per-
fected arrangements for the twenty-third
annual meeting of the association, to be
held at. the Agricultural College, East
Lansing, January 14-15, 1.014.

The topics to be discussed‘and speak—
ers to handle them, were carefully gone
over, as a result some of the ablest men
in the country will undoubtedly appear on
the program next winter.

As it is impossible, because of the lim-
ited space in the judging pavilion, to,~hold
a show of more than one class of live
stock each year, it was decided to put on

 

’a lamb show next winter in place of the

barrow show held this year.

Three prizes will be offered for the best
wether lambs sired by pure~bred rams of
each one of the following breeds: South-
down, Shropshire, Hampshire, Oxford,
Dorset, Rambouiliet, Cotswold, Lincoln,
and Leicester, making in all 27 prizes to
be competed for by native lambs.

In addition to the above three prizes
will be offered for the best black-faced
western lambs and also for the best
white-faced western lambs. *

For the above prizes the association will

THE MICHIGAN FARM-ER

put up handsome ribbons and the State
Breeders’ Associations, representing some
of the breeds, will undoubtedly offer very
liberal prizes to their breed.

For the three best lambs in the show,
all first prize lambs competing, the asso~
ciation will give a gold medal to the
first, a silver medal to the second, and
a bronze medal to the third. .

Following the Show on foot, which will
be held Wednesday, January 14, the lambs
will be slaughtered and all breeds com-
pete in a carcass contest Thursday, Jan-
uary 15, and for the three best carcasses
gold, silver, and bronze medals will be
awarded.

The carcasses will be disposed of by
the officers of the association, or can be
returned to the exhibitor, as he may de-
sire. No entrance fee will be required,
but exhibitors muSt become a member of
the Michigan Improved Live Stock Breed-
ers’ Association by paying the annual
membership fee of one dollar. Entries
must be in by December 15, 1913. ,

Judges from out of the state will be
secured who will pass on the merits of
the entries from a market standpoint.

For further information address G. A.
Brown, Secretary, East Lansing, Mich.

—

 

*

LIVE STOCK NEWS.

 

It is learned that there are a good many
aged cattle in southern Texas which will
be started to market by the middle of
April. Grass has been good, and most
of the cattle are expected to reach the
markets in good condition. Probably
most of these cattle will be shipped to
Missouri. river markets. Grazing cattle
are held at such high prices throughout
the southwest that in all probability
there will be many pastures in Oklahoma
and Kansas that will not be stocked this
season. In these two states stockmen
are eager to purchase cows, the calf
raising proposition being highly alluring
because of the unusual scarcity of beef
cattle everywhere.

A farmer of Elliott, Iowa, who is a
large stock feeder, reports a decrease of
upward of 25 per cent in the hog supply
compared with one year ago, th‘e principal
cause assigned being swme disease. Some
of the stock feeders are confident that
many losses were due to vaccinating herds
of hogs by veterinarians who did not un-
derstand their business and to the poor
quality of the serum used. Numerous
hogs that were vaccinated appeared to
be healthy at t_he time, but after the
serum was injected they died shortly. He
added that where there is vaccinating
done, all the neighboring farmers should
do the same, as otherwise it is impossible
to prevent the spread of the disease. In
the same section of Iowa there are about
25 per cent fewer cattle than a year ago,

this being due partly to the high pricest

attracting many immature cattle to mar—
ket and in part to the scarcity and high
cost of feeding cattle. In spite of the
abundance of cheap corn and rough feed.
many stockmen did not feel like paying
almost fat cattle prices for stocking their
feed lots.

W‘hile everything in the live mutton
line commands higher prices than in
moat former years at this time, killers
are discriminative in making their selec-
tions, and they pay liberal premiums for
just the particular kind they are after.
Fat light and handy weight lambs are
the best sellers invariably, both local
packers and eastern shippers purchasing
them liberally in the Chicago market and
paying big premiums Lambs of heavy
weight are taken unwillingly as a rule
and have to be offered at a good dis-
count from prices paid for the lighter
ones in order to effect sales. Big year—
lings are also diSCriminated against and
sell much below prices paid for handy
Weights on the lamb order. Weight is
less of an objection in buying aged weth-
ers and ewes because of the small pro-
portion of aged sheep in the daily runs
at the Chicago stock yards. Colorado
sheepmen are n0w supplying by far the
greater part of the, lambs offered in the
Chicago market, little feeding as com-
pared with former winter seasons having
been carried (in in the states comprising
the middle west.

Eggs are being marketed everywhere
in extremely large quantities, as is usual
at this season of the year, and they were
never better in quality. Furthermore,
they are low in price, and their cheap-
ness commends them to general favor at
a. period when they can be bought at so
much lower prices than beef, mutton,
cured hog meats and poultry. Holders
of cold storage eggs in Chicago have been
making strenuous efforts to dispose of
their accumulations put in many months
ago, and to accomplish this, they are
compelled to resort to very low prices.
“Then April opened such holdings aggre-
gated 37.400 cases, compared with 56,000
cases a month earlier and only 5,000 cases
a year ago. Stocks of cold storage but-
ter in Chicago warehouses on April 1
amounted to 2,493,000 lbs., compared with
4,783,000 lbs. a year earlier. Prices for
butter are weakening gradually. and stor-
age lines are offered especially low in or-
der to stimulate saleS.

The recent vote on amendments to the
Chicago Live Stock Exchange rules re-
sulted in adoption of amendments apply-
ing the three o’clock closing rule to all
live stock except cripples and downers
and allowing agents of Chicago commis-
sion firms to register and visit sheep
feeding stations within 75 miles of Chi-
cago only for the purpose of preparing
for shipment.

7~519

 

    

flfl\
I f

5, éléiihonet Oriel

   

,/

    
    
 

K \

- 7f“ - 7, f ,
' (“A ,’ ’ 7- - -j
.. » . J \ ‘ ,
_ g .r r’~.-' “WW, 7% _

\. 9L L.
’\ \\ .

g ‘ ( \\ We will tell you who and
we

    

      
  

   
    
 
 
 
  

‘\ where your nearest K-r-i-t
dealer is. He will bring a
K-r-i-t out to your farm.
He will tell you what four
thousand K-r—i-t-Farmers

~ ~ . . say of their K-r—i-t-s; why
, they bought their K-r-i-t-s; what they have done and can do

Wlt _ their K-r-i-t-s. .He will tell you why you should be a
K-r-i-t-Farmer. He ‘wfll tell you of the three Cardinal Points
of K-r-i-t Dominance——

The K-r-i-t Motor
The K-r-i-t Axle
The K-r-i-t Transmission

The K-r-i-t Transmission is the
selective type of sliding gear, sup-
ported on annular ball bearings.
The transmission gears are forged
from chrome nickel steel. case
hardened and cut to perfect mesh.
insuring practically noiseless opera-
tion. The transmission drive shaft
is made 0’, specially heat treated
chrome vanadium steel ground
to size.

Those are some of the reasonswhy
the K-r-i-t Transmission is so dura- Write us and we Will bring the
ble that it is practically wear-proof. K-r-i-t out to your Farm.

Krit Motor Car Company, 1608 East Grand Blvd., Detroit, Mich.

       
 
 
  

    
 

    

   
    
    
      

The transmission is the muscles,
the nerves of your car. The trans-
mission applies the power of the
motorland the brains of the driver
to the wheels.

Like the K-r-i-t Motor, like the
K-r-i-t Axle, like the whole K-r-i-t
Car, the K-r-i-t Transmission is
designed and built for the K-r-i-t
Farmer. Let us give you the names
and addresses of Four Thousand
K-r-i-t Farmers. Your county——
wherever it is—has scores of them.
Ask them why they are K-r-i—t Farm-
ers. Then ask yourself why you
are not.

   
       
   
    
   
    
     
       
     
       
    
      
    
    

      

   

I \
lltlullqflh r

, m

 

   

 

   

ll PAYS lo ivGIJP

Homes, Mules and Cows. They are
healthier and render better service.
When the heavy coat that holds
the wet sweat and dirt is removed.
the; are more easily kept clean,
loo better, get more good from
their teed and are better in every
way. The best and most generally
used clipper is the

Slewari Ball Bearing
clipplng Machlno

It turns easier. clips tutor and
cloaer and stays sharp longer than
any other. Gears ure'ull tile hard
and cut from solid steel her. They
are enclosed, protected and run In
011 : little friction
little weal-JIM
six feet or
new style
easy run-
ning flex-
Ible shaft

      
   
 
    
     
 
    
  
 
 

  
    

 
  
 

, 01

Ind-cot longer. hotter wool that ‘ 6
WI" bring tho highest price. ' ‘ . '
You can easily not from 15c to 20¢ more on

ovo cheep you shear with astowan No. 9 Machlno.

Don’ labor with hand shears, in the old. hard, sweaty

wa . Don’t hove aching. swollen wrista. Don’t scar

on dlaflgure your sheep with uneven shearing and
spoil the wool with second cuts. Take off the fleece

cmoothly and quickly in one unbroken blanket with a

. Slowarl No. 9 Ball Bearlng
Shearing Machine

It’s the most perfect hum operated shearing machine
over devised. Baa ball bearings In every part where
friction or wear occurs. Has a. ball bearing shearing
hand or the latest improved Stewart pattern. ,_
Complete, including four combs and four cutters
of the 0610me Stewart quality $ 1 l .50. Got on.
your lulu. or send ”and we will ship C.O.D. for
balance. cum-um Guonnlcu. Catalogue of Sheep
Shooting and Horse Clipping Machines FREE.
CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT co.
_Ill LnScIlo Ave. CHICAGO. ILL.

   
  

 
  
 

    
 
   
   
   
 

    

    
   
 
 

 
 
 
   
     
       
  

   
   
      
     

    
 
  

 

    
 
   

 

   

Now that wood Slnvo Silos are every-
where considered better than cement.
tile or metal. the ucstion arises,
"Which wood stove si 0 is best?"

If this question were put to a. vote
among dairymenfind stockmen the
slalom” would Win by a tremendous
plurality. Postal Brings Catalog No. 48

Think what it means to have a. silo by Return Mail

'I'IIE McGlllllE COMPANY, (Formerly Farmers Handy Wagon Co.)

SI Inow Inch. Doc Molnoc Iowa Minna-on Transfer Mlnn
(5!). ' Coll-o, III. . Fort Worth. Tons ' '

that has—(1) All Steel Door Frame;
(2) Patented Inner Anchor; (3) Put-
ented Base Anchor: (4) PatentedAngle
Steel Rib; (5) The Spline-Dowel. With
all these patch ted features it’snowon-
der the Suginawcan’t twist Wing). col-
lapse. cavein. shift; on its foun ution
orlm. Bum like- big city Skyscraper.

 

THE FARMERS’ CEMENT TIL

Makes tile 3 to 8 inches in diam., 12% inches long. One man or boy operates it b h d
or power. 500 tile per day by hand, 1,200 by power. Tile thoroughly cured by $313311;
process. No tamping or use of pallets. This machine and tile used by Experiment, Sta-
tions of Agricultural Colleges and the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 5,000 farmers have
doubled the yield of land by under-drainage, and saved 75% of cost by using our Machine.
You can do the same. Save cost of hauling and breaking. Make perfect
tile $3 to $5 per thousand. MACHINE SOLD DIRECT FROM FACTORY .
TO YOU. TEN DAYS’ FREE TRIAL SEND NOW for 36-page Illustrated '

Catalogue. Tells you about great benefits of underdrainage. how to take .
levels and get grades. make and lay your tile at low cost.

FARMERS’ CEMENT TILE MACHINE C0" 0

 
    
    
     
 
 
     
 
 
 

  
 
 

 
  

  

        

 

 


WM... -_.

  

520—8

 

    

  

 

_\

 

7 ‘ 11%an Iona...

 

‘

 

 

‘EVERY FARMER

Should possess a copy of
Dickinson’s Hand-book
on Farm Seeds. Vest— '
pocket size. Over 50
pages of reliable informa-
tion about the growing of
the crops in which YOU
are most vitally interested.
Illustrated in color.

- Sent Free upon receipt
of4c in stamps to cover
cost of mailing. We
guarantee you will find
this book the, most valu—
able book of its kind you
have ever seen.

Write Us Today.

THE ALBERT DICKINSON C0.
SEED mcm
Chicago ‘ Minnespolis
Dept. I.

 

 

 

 

 

-0. KEDi'Iamplon Sprayer.

("“1“ 7': ‘, ‘ r", INSURE the
A“,i,;; ‘ ’ ‘1’ g

  
  
    

potatoes and
other
v e g e-
tables.
also
fruit and
trees from dis-
ease and pests.

ALL BRASS

‘ double acting high pres-
sure pump with toreilieffvalve. Absolute satis-

' . 't our

mfizlflbgrfl or carriage FREE
dawning- Spreyers. Planters. Diggers. etc.
m m. Isaiah.” 00.,
145Chimo Avenue. . "mull, Indiana.

SOY BEANS

We have tested every promising variety of soy
been that has been introduced inco the United
States. We are pioneers in this busmess and are
glad to see today that farmers are eosxly succeed-
ing with this great pleat. 3nd that they ore secur~
iug fully as good results when our vnrletlea are
used as we have prophesied. Every day some one
writes us that his soys yielded 25 to 30 bushels per
acre. We have discarded poor ones and offer you
simply the best there is anywhere. Write to-
day for free catalog which tells all about the best
seeds that can be grown.

WING 8m 00., Box ”2 Mechanicsburg, Ohio

Irish Cobblers

Best Early Paulo lor Michigan.

Selected Seed, myown growing. Bu.
90c or ZZ—Bu. bag $2 f. o. b. Meats,
Mich. Cash with order. ‘

Order now, grow an early big yieldcr
that will commands. price for eating or
seed. Remember first cost of seed is
small item in counting profits.

E. I. AVERILL, Hears, Michigan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SPRAYERS‘iifl. “29’s smog;

5%. also come bargains in large moo ines elitist”

in demonstntinfiéhormmhly overhauled and gunr-_

6] am to Get our circular and terms.
iffl‘lbs um. 00.. 431 River at... Lansing, Mich.

SE ED POTATO ES.

Th Ema-out 8min: lug 3 unique! fineSlr
Welt?” Bullock Seed Potatoes. Write for prices.
Horticultural Divide-n. East Wag.

ONION SEED NI SALE—3.3:. ’3???

A. E. MN. Vulgar. Michigan.

 

 

 

Sign!) GORE—lolly warm out? dent. fire rigged, yield
who. mule. per us. onear.o erear y.
of c. s. LAY'I‘ON. rpm u. Illehlgan.

I CAN‘T SAVE YOU MONEY. don't buy but
15.1% 0...: a.

fox-our II An .
PM (berry So. her 150 end up. All kinds
of 8&5: Tm Bony lento. Race- vet. etc.

3:». m nuns:

8m “IN-Rolfe Yellow Dent Early leaning
commune-mesofgéc kill“ El"iii

1' I or “m
3% run. near a son, Melrose. Ohio.

 

my: Gala‘DENg‘uOORN—Fire dziiiodlh 3"
m . r . Bus free. e u. not
some. 03?)“. n. diluent. n. 8. 81;. Johns. Michigan.

SEED CORN‘I‘“ Yfi'h'ingfi‘m‘fi"
5

Golden Fleece end 8% and“ 83,001: Oats. Send

for ample end circular. .A. Burdenlemphlleoh.

For 88'6“ ¥mmm
finds“ COLONC. LI “Lanna-vino.“

S mfglohifan m Early relia- Dent.

so . nan .
Allan'mr . {viii A’l’onfim’fim

 

 

Silva“ 1M 1...“? i3§§i“°’3fin’"m“2‘m
BIDD GB.

or“ R m I to Lake. Mich.

REJUVENATING FRUIT TREES BY
TOP-WORKING 0R GRAFTING.

 

For a number of reasons it may be-
come desirable to change the tops of old
trees that are healthy. but which are not
giving the satisfaction they should, and
the best method of doing this is by top-
working. ‘We may wish to change the
variety, to lower the top, to build up one
side of the tree that has become barren
of limbs, or what is more. frequently the
case, to bring a fruitless tree into pro-
ductivity. These ends we may attain
through top-working or grafting.
Securing Scions.

Scions, the portions of a plant cut cl!
to be placed in conjunction with other
plants to which they are expected to
grow, should be secured in the fall gen-
erally when there is danger of winter
killing, or any time during the dormant
period of the tree from which they are
taken, if such danger is not present.
They should always be made of last
year’s growth of wood, and are usually
out about eight or ten inches long. Since
the resulting growth will partake of the
nature of the scions, it is well to select
them from a tree that is in the habit
of producing abundant fruit of a desir-
able quality, and 3180 from such portions
of that tree that may be known to pro-
duce the fruit. as it frequently happens
that some limbs of a tree are barren. or
grow little fruit, while others are very
productive.

The time to do the grafting is nearly
upon us. It may be done at any time
during the spring before the sap begins
to flew and it is ordinarily done about
the time the trees are pruned in the
spring. In the selection of the branches
which should be top-worked. care and
judgment should be exercised. Do not
make the miStake of trying to do all the
work on the tree in one year. It Will be
found best to take about three to five
years to change the entire bearing sur-
face of a tree to the variety which is de-
sired. Fruit raisers agree that too vig-
orous pruning or cutting away of limbs
disturbs the balance which is maintained
between the top and roots and damages
the bearing capacity of the tree. Re-
member illut the scion which you Will
graft in will not grow in the direction of
the original branch but will have a ten-
dency to grow upward; hence, select
branches well away from the trunk and
graft the principal ones. It is safer to
graft too many branches and then to cut
out some of them in after years than to
graft so few branches that the bearing
area of the tree will net be all utiliZed
in fruit production. ‘ ’

Cleft Graft is Generally Used.

In making the cleft graft, the best re-
sults are obtained when branches be-
tween one and one-half and two inches
in diameter are used. The great pres-
sure which is exerted by a. stub of larger
diameter seems to be detrimental to the
fast growth 0f the Scion which is insert-
ed, probably because the pressure de-
stroys or mutilates the tissues which car-
ry the nourishment to the scion. Cut the
branch off with a pruning saw and be
careful not to tear or loosen the bark
on the stub. When a coarse saw is used,
the callousing of the stub will be best-
ened if the bark and end of the stub is
dreSSed with a sharp knife. There are
many designs of grafting knives on the
market for making the cleft or incision.
The important principle which this tool
should embody is that it should be curved
in somewhat the same manner as the
0mm: between the points of two joining
sections on a mowing machine knife. The
purpose of the curved tool is to cut the
outer portion of the stub down farther
than the center. This tool is placed over
the central part of the stub and then hit
on the back with a wooden mallet, being
careful not to Split the stub down too
far. A wedge is usually attached to the
back of these tools and with this wedge
the cleft is opened and the scions are
inserted, having first been trimmed to
wedges about one to one and a half
inches long. One side of this wedge
should be thicker than the other and this
side should be placed on the outside to
insure the firmness of the scion in the
stub. Be sure to insert the scion. right
side up and not with the buds downward
as. the writer has seen in some cases
New release the wedge in woolen and

 

the stub is ready to be waxed over. The

,. THE, MICHIGAN FARMER'

Horticulture.

fl"MilliIWWMHMMIIliiifliilfiilllilllllilllllililllilllillllillflliililflllllll ’ ‘
g
fillllfllllllmllllllllllllllll

 

mumnunmlmumnmfi ‘

g
E
i;
g
5
i

growing portion of the stub and colon is
that white line which is readily seen just
outside the woody portion and just inside
the bark. The whole bark does not grow
but only this white inner portion known
as the camblum layer and so in order to
have a successful union take place, it is
necessary that the cambium of the scion
come in contact with the cambium of the
stub. To be sure that these tWo cam-
bium layers come in contact, many suc-
cessful grafters bend the scion slightly
outward, thus insuring the contact of
the tw0 growing layers at some point.
The places which should be waxed over
are the top of the scion where the ter-
minal bud was removed. the top of the
stub which has been left exposed, and
the sides of the stub which show the
cracks made by the clefting tool. All ex-
posed surfaces should be waxed over to
prevent the entrance of water which
would cause decay and to prevent the
lodgement 01’ fungous spores which would
cause disease. Two scions are usually
inserted in one cleft and if they both
grow, the weaker one is cut off. This
prevents the formation of a crotch. If
the stub has not entirely calloused over
the first year, the exposed surface may
be rewaxed the following year.
. Grafting Waxes.

There' are many grafting waxes which
may be made, but the two which give
the most satisfaction and are the cheap-
est and easiest to apply for all-around
purposes, are the ones given below.

Tallow Grafting Wax—[n making this
wax, we make use of four parts of resin,
two parts of beeswax and one part of
beef tallow (rendered). The ingredients

'should be weighed out, placed in a ket-

tle of the required size and allowed to
come to a boil. It is necessary that the
wax be allowed to boil for a few minutes
to be sure that the materials are prop-
erly mixed. If grafting tape is desired.
a roll of bandage cloth may be allowed
to soak in the melted wax while if graft-

ins‘ mall: desired. n lull of no. 16 «km».
lng cotton may be thrown into the meltr

ed wax and allowed 'to remain for about
five minutes, or as long as it takes for
the ball to become thoroughly permeated
with the grafting wax mixture. After
the wax is boiled. it may be poured into

the pail of water which has been pro-‘
vlded and the water and mixture should »

be stirred constantly until], it is cool
enough to pull, when it may be taken out
and pulled like tafty until it is a light
yellow color. It may then be made into
rolls, wrapped in oiled paper and stored
away for further use.

Cautions to be observed:

1. Grease the hands well before pulling
the wax. -

2. Letting the wax boil for 10 or 15
minutes seems to keep it from sticking
to the hands.

3. Do not pour the wax into the water
rapidly. This may cause it to run over
by the sudden contact with the water.
Pour in gradually, stirring the water and
wax in the pull at the same time.

Careful observance of the foregoing
directions should not fail to give a high
quellty of grafting wax. ‘

Linseed Oil Grafting Wax—In making
this we: we use one pound of resin, one;
fourth pound of beeswax and one—fourth
of a pint of raw linseed oil. The linseed
all should be unadulterated and free from
cottonseed oil, if the best results are to
be had. The ingredients are placed in
a kettle“ of the required size and allovved
to come to a boil after which the opera.-
tion is the same as with the tsllow graft-
ing wax. This formula gives a wax that
is softer and more easily applied in cold

weather, which is a great advantage in-

some cases.

The ingredients used in the grafting
wax are inexpensive. The scions are eas-
ily procured and all the work may be

done by the ordinary schoolboy of 12'

years, if he understands the underlying

principles. This, taken together 'with the.

efficient manner in which the practice of
top-working solves some of the many
problems of the horticulturist, seems to
commend it as a practice which should
he more generally employed by fruit rais-
ers in the future than it has been in
the past.

lngham Co. I. J. MATTHEWS.

 

HINTS ON CURRANT CULTURE.

 

During an experience of ten years en-
tirely with small fruits, principally in
this state, the writer has learned many
traits as well as valuable data regarding
the culture of them. .At this season of
year. curl-ants should receive proper at~
tentlon. No fruit, especially small fruit.
is in such demand or more popular for
jam and jelly, than currents, and they
are an easy money crop, too, if handled
properly. The current gets its growth
early in the season and. unlike most oth-
er fruits, requires cultivation very early,
and not much, if any, culture should be
given after fruit is set.

‘For home fertilizer nothing excels un—
leached wood ashes. Thoroughly rotted
stable manure is excellent but usually the
abundance of weed and grass seed it
contains means ceaseless vigilance to keep
it from among the stems or canes. For
years I made it a practice to mulch with
straw all around them and between the
rows. but as a rule this is an incentive
and breeding harbor for pests. I found
that intense early cultivation, coupled
with wood ashes at the rate of 500 lbs.
per acre, broadcaSted' and cultivated in,
early in the spring, literally bent them
down with the nicest fruit imaginable.

As the currant feeder roots occupy a
position near the surface. deep cultivation
near the bushes should be avoided. If
the soil is clean, nothing beats the spike-
tooth or sugar beet cultivator to stir the
ground between rows. I make my rows
eight feet apart, with the plants three to
four feet apart in the row and leave from
eight to 12 canes to each hill which dis-
tances, under good clean culture on good
soil, will permit the plants to completely
fill the long way of the row and to crowd
within two or three feet the other way.

For Michigan soil and climate Fey's
Prolific, Red Cross and the White Vic-
toria Currants did best for me. Fey’s
Prolific is a large-sized berry, as large as
small cherries. of a dark clear red color.
sparkling, acid, with few seeds for its
size and of unequalled flavor, but it is no
berry to place in a novice’s hands; must
have rich soil and best of attention to do
well, when it is a money berry. Red
Cross comes very near Fey’s Prolific In
size, not quite as well flavored but an im-
mense yieldcr under, ordinary good cul-
ture; stands shipment well and one of the
best market sorts. The White Victoria

 

is a clear, transparent white current of
the size, under good culture, of the Cher~
ry curl-ant, but larger and longer in bunch
and a current hard to equal in produc~
tiveness. All currants, except some block
varieties, of not much account, are acid
by nature but the Victoria. when fully
ripe, comes the nearest to being sweet.

of any other varieties of good currents

l have grown. They are unexcelled for
home use and ,are a splendid market sort
after customers learn their good qual-
ities.

Currants, like grapes. may be propa-.

gated easily by anyone; simply out eight
to 12-inch lengths from the good sound
tips of vine or cane late in 'the fall be-
fore freezing 'weather commences, and
bury these in bundles of a. dozen. except
the tip ends, in moist sand in a box, and
place in a dark, dry and frost-proof place

during winter. In the spring when warm,

enough to work the soil, these will be
found to name rooted and will grow when
set properly. Grapes may' be layered, so
can Currants for new growth. I prefer
the former method as being better.

For current worms, one level teaspoon
of parts green to two gallons of water,
thoroughly mixed and applied from a
sprayer destroys them completely and
will not injure the foliage, but do not use
it stronger. Do not use the paris green
after the currents begin turning; it is
better not to use after fruit is half
grown. Arsena‘te of lead sticks too much
and fruit is apt to have traces of it on
them in pieces when picked. Paris green,
readily washes off after any ordinary
shower, and I prefer it for currents, but
not many worms will bother if absolute
clean cultural methods be observed.

Gratlot Co. G. A. RANDALL.

“—

MAY MEETiNG OF OAKLAND HORTI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY.

The Oakland County Horticultural So-
ciety will hold its next meeting at E. J.
\er Duyn’s fruit farm near Novi, on Sat-
urday, May 3. The meeting will open
at 10:30 a. m.. standard time, and after
a short business session there will be a
talk on "Orchard Cultivation," with dis-
cussions, and “My Problems," by the
host. Lunch will be sewed nt 13 o'clock,
after which Mr. O. K. White, of the M.
A. 0., will give a lecture and orcahrd
demonstration on “Pruning."

Conveyances will be at Northvllle (the
nearest stop), to meet all Northwestern
cars from Pontiac or Detrtoit which ar-
rive at Northvllle, 16 minutes after the
hOul‘, standard time—Sarah E. Sly, Sec.

  
 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 
        

APRIL 26, 1913.

SETTING THE STRAWBERRY PATCH. most popular, and in most all cases the
mose preferable method to use."

When setting it is a good plan to car-
ry the plants in a pail of water so as to
keep them well moistened.

When one man sets the plants a dibble

 

Tree fruit raising has become a spe-
cialty but small fruit, and especially
Strawberries, make good side lines for
either stock, grain, fruit, or dairy farm- , , ‘
ers, or for the suburbanite. Strawberries, iiethi'iziiirtiototcl’iet: :12: :1“ when two dio
chickens, and a vegetable garden are the the :e‘st Bne main ca’n mnaalgoiiieoriieole:
first things the city farmer thinks of. . ‘ _

The 10wly strawberry is the basis of while the other trims the plants and sets
delicacies which make the mouths of them' The one making the hOIeS should
kings water. Strawberries and cream SfouZIrdethznglairrigrouiiiley gfggceth; if]:
and strawberry shortcake are the main . " ‘ ‘
ones. On account of its adaptability. to s01] around the plant should.be loosened
care under various conditions, the humble so as to prevent the evaporation Of mOIS'
toiler can enjoy its refreshment. ture. In setting, the roots. should be
‘ A soil with plenty of available mois- spread .OUt as much-as posmble $0 that
ture, but not so moist that it is wet, and :23}, W1“ all come in contact Wlth the

. . 1.
1:2“S:1:CiZleiofvgialgfanTigt 51210016111311? 'Cultivation' should start as soon as pos-
has considerable sod it should have been s1ble after the .plants are set and should
be kept up during the season.
turned under last fall and thoroughly - -
worked early this spring so as to grind Any runners forming before the middle
and cut all of the coarse material A of June should be kept cut off, and all
fertile place on which hoed crops were blossoms should b? Clipped Off during the
grown last year is a very good spot. first year. This is done that the plant

Well rotted manure can be a l' d to may use ‘3“ Of Its energies m firmly es-

advantage before plowing Cargp should tablishingitself. The bearing of fruit is a.
' strain on the plant and should not be

THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER

 

 

be taken to get manure that was made permitted the first year.

after the first of August last year, oth- Vian Buren Co FRANK A W‘ILKEN
erwise it is liable to be infested with the . ' i I
white grub. The white grub in a straW-

QUESTIONS ON TOMATO CULTURE.

I have for. the first time contracted to
grow tomatoes for a canning factory. .A
prize is offered for the best acre of to-i
matoes grown and marketed. I have a:
fine clover sod on a rather heavy clay;
loam soil to use for this purpose but!
there is no barnyard manure at hand to
use on the field. XVhat would be the best
commercial fertilizers for the tomatoes
and how much should I use of it? I have
another piece of clay loam Where pota-
toes were grown last year. The field had
been in sod and was partly manured for
the potatoes. I am of the opinion that
this field is acid because of the abundance
of sorrel growing,r on it. It is also diffi—
cult to get a catch of clover. Would to-
matoes do better on this soil than on the
clover sod, which does not appear to be
acid. at least not as bad as the potato
patch? If 'I should grow cucumbers on
this acid soil I ought to apply lime to get
the beSt results. How close should to-
matoes be planted?

Van Burcn Co. V. C. S.

The probability is that the clover sod
would be the better field to plant to to-
matoes. From the fact that the potato
field will not catch clover readily it would
naturally be concluded that it is not in
good condition. The abundance of sorrel,
also suggests the presence of an acid soil
and it is the experience of tomato grow-,
ers that the tomato crop will not thrive!
upOn sour land. \Vhile excellent crops'

l

berry patch is one of the biggest nui-
Soils infested with it should

sances 'out.

 

 

 

 

of soil from the lightest sand to the heav-
iest clay, there appears to be a. preference
for clay loam, and, since this clover sod
is of such quality, the argument favoring
its use would therefore be strengthened.
A variety of experiences has been re-
ported from the different experiment sta-
Nothing can be done for it tions as to the proper method of fertiliz-
work, ing tomatoes, but the consensus of opin-l

  
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

Correcting a High and OneJSided Top.

 

not be set.
except to dig after it when its

‘ One Policy

 

The Winged Message

Noah’s messenger was a
dove. In Solomon’stime,
pigeons were trained to carry
messages. Brutus used them
at the siege of Modena. They
served the Turks in their
fights against the Crusaders.
in mediaeval wars they were
more useful than ever before.

France had a carrier—pigeon
mail service, with messages
reduced by photography and
read through a microscope. ‘

Even today carrier pigeons
are utilized as news-bearers
in isolated parts of Europe.

In America, the land of the
telephone, the carrier pigeon
is bred only for racing. The
winged word has taken the
place of the winged mes:
senger.

. Pigeons may fly more than
a mile a minute, but the tele-
phone is as quick as speech
itself.

The dove is the emblem of
peace. The telephone is the
instrument of peace. The
telephone lines of the Bell
System unite a hundred mill-
ion peoplehin gone _ national
family. /

have been grown upon almost every kind IANIERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COM PANY

AND A§$0C|ATED COMPANIES

One System

Universal Service

 

 

 

dying plants with roots cut, is seen.

The soil on which the patch is to be
set should be put into good tilth as early
in spring as possible. The early set straw-
berry patch is just as desirable as the
early set hen. Both bring the biggest re-
turns in the end.

The nearer home that the plants can be
had and the shorter the time intervening
between the digging and the setting, the
better' the plants will do. Pedigree plants
will not give pedigree results under scrub
care any more than would a pedigree
cow. Scrub plants may almost give ped-
igree results under pedigree care. It is
advisable, however, to get the plants
from a good healthy patch.

If possible, do not have it so that it
will be necessary to heel the plants in
for any length of time. It is far better
to immediately trim them up and set
them.

The trimming should consist of cutting
back the roots Slightly and cutting off all
the leaves except the last or newest one.

The distance for setting plants depends
upon the system and the Variety used.
For the narrow matted row the plants
Should be set about two feet apart in
rows which are three and a half feet
apart. Varieties which are not good
plant makers should be set closer togeth-
er in the row.

For the hill and hedge row systems of
culture the plants should be set from one

- foot to one foot and a half apart in rows

a. foot and a half to two feet apart. ,For
the wide matted row the rows should be
four feet apart.

The hedge row and hill systems should
be used when the growing of fancy fruit
is the aim, and are preferable for the
varieties which make few runners.'

The narrow matted row is by far the

ion seems to favor the combined use of
commercial fertilizers with barnyard ma-
nure or other vegetable matter as was
suggested in a recent number of The
Farmer for building up the soil of the
general garden. However, in the event
of there being little or no barnyard ma-
nure or other vegetable matter to use,
the amount of commercial fertilizers has
an economical limit, 1, e., one soon ar—
rives at an amount beyond which it
would not pay him to add more to the
land—no increase in the production of
the crop would come from the additional
fertilizer. The use of a fertilizer analyz-
ing about three or four per cent nitrogen.
six per cent phosphoric acid and eight
per cent potash at the rate of 500 to 600
pounds per acre ought to be a reasonably
liberal feeding for this soil. If, however,
about ten tons of good barnyard manure
could be added per acre, much superior
results could be expected.

We wish to impress upon readers, how--
ever, that soil cannot be suddenly chang-
ed from a run-d0wn condition to a state
of high culture capable of growing max—
imum crops by the mere act of adding
fertilizers liberally; but that this desir-
able end is attained only by careful atten-
tion running through a number of years.
This attention must not only be burdened
with the duty of adding plant food of the
right kinds and in the proper proportions,
but it likewise includes the wise manipu-
lation of the soil that enables the neces-
sary changes to go on to bring prepared
foods to the active rootlets of the plants.

There is much debate over the matter
of distances to plant tomatoes but for the
commercial field setting them every four
feet in rows five feet apart is satisfactory
to most large producers and generally
recommended by them.

  
 

  
  
  

For Corn, Beans and Other Seeds

you can find no easier, more dependable and
all round satisfactory way of planting than
with the Acme Rotary Corn Planter.

The Acme Rotary Corn Planter is automatic,
perfectly balanced, strong in action and in build,
light and handy.

AGME “£22.13“ PLANTERS

Acme Potato Planters are strong. plant at an even
depth. save stooping and the work of furrowing out
and covering.
.000 Acme Planters now in use. Any dealer can

sell you Acme Planters. Send for our free book~
let “The Acme of Potato Profit." Send us your

dealer‘s name and we will see that you are
. supplied. Insist on the planter with
\ the Acme trade mark.

POTATO IMPLEMENT CO.

 
   
     
     
       
    
 
    
     
    
     
 
    

      
  
  
 

{ACME ROTA RY,

    
 

 

1.

311 Front Street, Traverse City . ACM E I. )
sons PuurERl "‘""‘“‘ -POTATO PLANTER‘
s 1.75/ s . o. 9

 

BIG 8m ""FREE SEEDBEANS

J not out. Contains
92 pages of valuable and useful information with
prices on implements and ALL KINDS OF SEEDS

 

 

 

including Alsike, Alfalfa. Crimson. White. Red and
Sweet; Clover; Timothy, Grass and Field Seeds. Bar-
ley, Beed'Oats; Seed Corn. and'. a complete line of
Vegetable and Garden Seeds. Simply send your
name and address on a. postal to

THE HENRY PHILIPPS SEED 8- IM-
PLEMENT 00., Dept. 0. Toledo, Ohio

PEAGH & APPLE.TBEES.........,

t:.“..f3’é.‘:‘:i.i‘it.2i w. A. ALLEN & sons, “as“
BEE SUPPLIES and BERRY BASKETS

'PRIOE

Raspberry Plants n I o u c E n.

Bee-Hives. Sections. Founda-
tion. Smokers. etc. Beeswax
wanted. Send for fully illustrat-
ed catalog.

 

 

 

. M. H. HUNT l- SON. 400 Condlt Sh. LANSING. MIC".

Spring Rye and Buckwheat.
Northern Michigan Grown.
ASK FOR PRICES.

TRAVERSE GITY MILLING I30.
Traverse City, Mich.

IT as PRIGE

and

Berry Baskets and 16 qt. llbor
board Crates. the best yet. Also
two. three. and four quart baa,-
kets. Bend for basket catalog.

 

 


 
   

only
s 1 Lot N .
13°- i’s not galvanized. but black Steel R00 113.

Freight Prepaid Prices

ever offered in the history of Roofin
our surplus stock on all of our roo n

 
 
  
  

   
    
  
   
  

you the benefit of our years

tire writer an lightning proof; coo

 

 

Gum ROOFING

mileage llouss
- "recalls Company

‘ EYE" “. Send me. free.y our
Roofing Catalog.

_.

 

 

NEVA-T Before and Never Again 1
7 5 Roofing Offer Like This!

We have only a limited amount of this Corrugated Iron
Roofing at this price. It is brand new, perfect, first-class in eve
respect. but light weight. We bought it at a forced sale and must no
it quick. Sheets 22x24x1% inch corrugation. Our wrecking price is

. d li er dF. 0 B. CarsChic o. On thlsltern
’1 25 $1533??? Wevcsrfnot pa frel ht at thlggunheard of prim.

Materials. We must move
g materials. We have absolutely “smashed”

prices on every kind ofroofing material. This is your opportunity to buy what you need at a
tremendous saving. We intend to maintain our leadership as the largest “direct to consumer’ Booting
Material Concern on earth and we defy any competitor to meet our prices.

we Will save You Money on any and ever kind of roofing,

300K FREE ‘Write Today for Free Sample

Ii/Ii’i c HI bA’N FAR M E'R'

PerlOO Sq.Ft.
Buys Best

STEEL
ROOHNG

    
   
     
 
 

rite for our special

on Galvanized Roof-
ing. The lowest prices

   

siding or ceiling. I you are thinking of

re-roofing your house, barn, granaries, poult houses, etc. write us and we Will give

0 experience an our best advi
ity you should buy. We have full stocks of Plain Flat, Corrugated. Standing Scam and “V"
Crimped sheets, suitable for all covering purposes—Roofing; Siding, Ceiling, Lining, etc.

In {I b t nd ohea est in the lon run. easiest to _
Mots 0° "iii. Ir. 0. a For in Summer 8warmer in Winter: do not taint rain water; With

‘l l lit time. The une alled bu ing wer made
ordinary care m l est a e organizationqiind our ’32. ,060 Cap tal Stock—m es it possible
for us to pick up these "snaps'

ce as to the kind and qual-

y. longest life. non-absorbent:
lble by our rfect buying

    

and pass them along to you.

I
I ' ,
3 Tell us kind of building and size. also ask for our special low
Dabblmz Bhlmo . freight paid prices and clear, easil understood roofingprop-
h osition. including our BINDING GUARAN El which for twenty ears.

: has protected every purchaser. Your money back if any goods all to

meet our representation. Don't tell to send coupon for Great Free Roofing Book.

 

O O
Nam-u —--- Chicago House Wreckingco.
'Addrsss...... ....... nept. It. 42 chicngo _
POULTRY. BITE ROCK, 8. 0. WHITE LEGHORN. BLACK

 

' —Year around layers. Eggs 81
8- 0- Willie Le horns per 15: $2.50 per 60: $5 per 100.
BRUCE W. BR WN. ll. F. 1). No. 3, Mayville. Mich.

 

ARRED BOOKS. S. 0. Beds. We still have n few
glood Red Cookerels for sale at $2 a loco. Eggs for
hate ing. OSTRANDER BROS. oricy. Mich.

 

CHICKS—We ship thousands.dlfl'erent varieties.
, prices right, New booklet Just out. free.
FREEPORT HATOHERY. Box 12. Freeport. Mich,

 

Stock for sale. Egg: $1.125 per 15, $7 per 100‘
it. 0.

PRIZE WINNING PARTRIDGE W'YANDOTTEB
0. B. HAMILTON,

3. Sturgis. Michigan:
GOCKERELS Hill Silt—$9113. i?:fio.§2'£.d Willi

Wyandottes $1 each. Also eggs for hatchin $1 for 15,
$4. per 100. (1. D. STUART. Riverside. iehigan.

EGGS BARRED ROCKSififi‘aEFg‘ieEE’iXi-éiil

W. O. COFFMAN. R. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich.

 

EGGS—Barred Rock.WhiteVVyandottefiilverS angled
Hamburgs, Light Brahma. S1 setting I .50 two

settings. Mrs. E. 1). BISHOP. Lake Odessa. Mich.

Ii gaday Barred Rocks, 3263‘. .‘élmlt‘iaEér‘l?
$1.

per 15. Eggaday Poultry Ranch, Marshall. . ich.

~Barred Rook. first few mated with okls.
Eggs! Eggsdlrect from Bradley Bros..$3 per 13. Utility
flock, $2 per 15. A. A. PATTULLO. Deckerville. Mich.

FOESALE--Eggs from prize winning R.C.R.I.Rcds.$l.50 per 15,
Eggs from standard bred fawn & white 1nd. Runner Ducks.
white eggs strain, $1.50 per 18. Coy G.Brumm. Nashville. Mich.

ILVER LACED. golden and whiteWyandcttes. Eggs
S for hatchh‘i'rg at reasonable prices; send for circular.
Browning's yandotte Farm. ii. 30. Portland. Mich.

S.C.R. R. GOGKERELS FOR SALE‘ngsiss‘.

Elmer Smith. R. 2. Box 52. Redford. Mich.

3. ll. ll. Minorca Cockorels and P. 0. Fall Pigs.

Satisfaction guaranteed. R. W. Mills. Saline. Mich.

‘ B red Rock. B. 1. Beds. Mam-
szo Winning moatlh Pckln and I. Runner ducks.
Stock for 8316- En, $1. $2. 83. per set. Utility.“ per.100.
EMWOOD FAR . R. H. No. 13. Grand Rapids. Mich.

ORPINGTON —Aro winter layers and money

makers on the farm Egg?
from record layers. Bu fl'iand Whites. $2 for 30. $6 for’li .
BROOKDALE ()RPINGTON FARM, Hillsdale. Mich.

OLUMBIA Wyandottes. Winners at 0hicago.Grand
Ra ids South Bend and St Jose h. Stock and eggs,
maniac sswrns. Benton arbor. Michigan,

AK K'iIOLL POULTRY—Silver and Partridge
W sndottes and Ind. Runner Ducks. Eggs for
sale. E. H. d:J.A COLLAR. Coopersville. Michigan,

OSE COMB BROWN LEGEORNS from Mad. Square Garden
Bwiuners. eggs and day-old chicks our s ecialtv. Also Mani,
.ekiu Duck eggs. Claudia Bette. illedale. Mich.
NTANDARD BRED POULTRY R. I. REDS either comb. Show
5 quality eggs $2 per 15, Fancy $2 per 30, Runner & Rouen
luck eggs $1.50 per 12. At. geese eggs $2.60 per 5. ‘All mailed
free to you. Mich. dent seed com 32 per bus.
FRENCH FRUIT & POULTRY FARM, Lndington. Michigan.

RYBTAL WHITE ORPINGTONS--Excellent laying
0 strain. eggs at half price. Breedin stock at
rest] reduced rioesafterlilia 1st.Matin ist.MRS.
iVIL snoue .Pine Crest arm. Roy Oak. Mich.

LILLIB PARHSTEAO POULTRY

B.P.Roek.B.I.Reds.andB.O.W. 1116863
for solo. is for $1: 3 (or 1.50: 50 for .60.
00 ON 0. LIL Ooopersville. Mich.

 

 

S snish nd Indian Runner duck eggs, 1.5 81.2.);
30. :2; 65:3; 103. :5. e. N. BURT. Oakwood, chic.

AMMOTH BRONZE TOM runners. weighing
from 10 lbs. to 35 lbs. each according to age. Also
Turkey Eggs. safer 10. A. n. OiiAMTON.Vassa1-.Mlch.
- - —Whlt
Fawn and While lndian llunnsr Ducks “mi"
eggs for $1. W. E. POMEROY, Brown City. Michigan.

ll. ll. ll. I. llEll EGGS,$1.50PEII15, POSlPilll.
BUELL 3308.. Ann Arbor. Michigan.
WHITE WYANDOTTEEiliflfigifiiitfiiil“‘3
circulars now ready. L. M. OLDS. Ypsilanti. Mic .
Will. Wyanilolles'éi‘ilitnduniiifi’é“£33351i5
circular. David Ray. 202 Forest Ave.. Ypsilanti. Mich.

-‘O "I k

Wlill‘li lessons .ll’zikz‘; beams...
Maple City Poultry Plant. Box 0. (fiarlotte. Mich.
I _ f ' i u
While Wyandollos 513%.?” ”1‘31? égéifidrmf'd
February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor. Mich.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DOGS.

 

“iii SALE—Write W. A. EWALT Mt. Clemens,
Mich. for those beautiful bred Sable,
and White Collie Puppies and trained stock dogs

LIOUllllS FOll llllllllllghfgffifibgffi“ FEllilETS

end 20 stamp. W LEOKY. Bolmesville. Ohio

FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS

of the best English strains in Ameri-
ca; 40 years at rienoe in breeding
these fine houn for my own sport.
I now ofler them for sale.

Send stam for Catalogue.
l'. I. IIIIISPETII. ltlsy. Jackson 60.. In.

.55 Still Buys

World's Champion

Mil-Egg Incubator

Double cases all over;
best copper tank; nursery self-reg-
hinting. Best “(l-chick hot-water
brooder. $4.... Ordered together,
$11.50. Freightl’li I. in skies).
No machines s. ~
any price are
better. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Writetor book today or send price
nowand save time. Jim Rohan. Pres.

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
  
   
      
   
 
 
 
 
   

The incubator that Gives ,
Years oi latching Service " ,
Write for catalogue of high- '
class. low-price machines.
Sizes run from ISO-egg to 800-
cm; capacity. You can inspect
these incubators at dealer's in
K‘o‘ur town. We will send you
name and address.

m BAN'I'A In BEND“ CG.
soorho-d 8t.. monies. Ind.

 

Please mention the Mich. Farmer
when writing to adveriising.

 

 

 

waif mounmn cmcxs nu:

The book entitled. The History of White Diarrhoea, or why incubator chicks die. willbe
sent absolutely free by return mail. to any one sending us the names of 7 to 10 of their friends
that use incubators. This book can save you 8100 this summer. It describes white
din-£10,331 (g: bowel trouble. The cause and tells of 9. euro. 300K ABSOLUTELY FREE

N AMES.

RAISALL REMEDY 00., BLACKWELL; OKLAHOMA.

PROFIT lN RAISING PEKIN DUCKS.
As a market fowl, the Pekin duck has
no superior. Anyone can engage in the
duck business, in a small way, with very
little capital and few buildings, providing
the location is suitable, and build up Ll
profitable trade. Young ducks bring good
prices in almost every market, and in
spring there is always a. good demand for
eggs to hatch. There is such a demand
here that I never have been able to fur-
nish enough to go around, although I
keep a (lock of 50 (40 ducks and 10 drakes)
to furnish eggs for hatching purposes.
Pekin ducks are easier to raise than
chickens. They grow faster than any
other domestic fowl that I know of. They
are enormous feeders but they gain in
weight in proportion to the amount of
feed consumed. You can almost see the
ducklings growing. If properly fed and
cared for they will not be bothered with
lice or disease. Of course, they are neith-
er louse-Proof nor disease-proof, but if

thrive, and will grow into money rapidly.
Facts for the Beginner.

Those who wish to purchase eggs
shOuld go to someone as near home as
posSIblO. I have had some good hatches
from eggs that had been shipped 200
miles. over one railroad; and Some very
poor hatches from eggs shipped 500 miles
over several railroads. Duck eggs wlll
not endure catches handling as well as
liens' eggs. because the albumen is so
much thinner. And there is still another
important point to be considered: \thn
a I’ekin (luck egg is 10 days old it is worth-
less for hatching purposes. I never use
or sell the eggs for hatching when they
are over seven days old. This rule is
strictly adhered to and poor batches are
rare. About 93 per cent of the eggs
hatch. Of course, the eggs are not too
old for table use at this age, but for
hatching they mutt be fresh—not over a
week old——the fresher the better.

The Pekin duck is a non-sitter. I‘m-
less the business is to be conducted upon
a large scale, chicken hens should be
used to do the hatching. and only large,
heavy hens are suitable. It takes the
eggs 28 days to hatch as a rule; some-
times a little less and occasionally a day
or two lenger.

Great care should be taken to keep
down lice. If the lien is lousy the duck-
lings will be. A good powder, dusted into
the nest material and upon the hen, i9
recommended. I used to imagine that
young ducks would not get lousy, but I
was mistaken. They will get lousy if
there are lice on the premises, unless one
is very careful. However, a few lice will
not always prove fatal. In an equal race,
the duckling will win, but it is best not
to take chances. It is the same with
gosllngs.

If one wishes to raise ducks on a large
scale it will be necessary to choose :1
good location. put up suitable building's,
fence in a number of yards, and sow
crops to be used as green food—such as
clover, rye, alfalfa. grass, etc. Green
stuff not only helps to reduce the feed
bill, but is absolutely necessary. If ducks
are kept on a highly concentrated ration,
disastrous results will follow. Therefore,
plan to have plenty of green stuff. A Pe-
kin duck likes the “greens" mixed with
the mash. The green food in this way
adds bulk and helps to keep the ducks
in good growing condition. A halfI—fed
Pekin duck is an unprofitable fowl. A
well-fed, well-cared-for Pekin is both
beautiful and profitable.

Pekins and Runners Compared.

These ducks are too well known to re-
quire description liere. It might not be
amiss to say that the small white duck
that is Sometimes miStaken for the gen-
uine Pekln is not a very profitable bird,
compared with the mammoth Imperial
Pekin, which can be seen in all thelarge
eastern markets and in all the duck yards
on Long Island. I wish to say here that
I have neither eggs nor ducks for sale
except to home buyerS. I have not ship-
ped any of either for several years past.

I keep Indian Runner ducks for laying
purposes, but they are kept separate from
the Pekins. The Indian Runner likes free
range, while the Pekin sits around and

both old and young, needs some exercise
and the old birds should have plenty of

 

exercise, especially during the laying sea-

' lllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ‘

given a fair chance they will live and

waits for his feed. Of course, the Pekin,‘

' APRIL 26.“ 1913‘;

g . E
:1) lty dB“?
.2 011 I’ an 668. s
E . E
nalllIllllllIIIllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllIlllllIlllllllll|lllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllHIIllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll"17%.;

son. But a stream or pond of water is
not necessary. They enjoy it. however,
and if there is a creek or swamp within
reach they will surely find it. While it
may be an advantage to the matured
birds, I find that the young grow much
faster with only enough water to drink.
This must be deep enough to cover their
eyes and must be changed frequently,
that is, five or six times a day, at least.
I have raised ducks both ways and find
that the reason the young ones do not
thrive so well when they have a swim-
ming pool is that they spend most of
their time swimming and paddling. If it
is Very cold, they are liable to take
cramps. Taking everything together,
they are. as a rule, a great deal better
off on dry land.

The best place for a duck ranch is
where there is good drainage, a light
sandy or gravelly soil being particularly
well adapted for ducks. They consume
great quantities of sand.

Duck houses can be built of cheap lum-
ber. They are usually lower than other
houses and therefore less material is re-
quired. I know of one large duck ranch
where there is only one house. It ex-
tends from one side of the premises to
the other and is divided into sections by
the use of wire netting.

Unless the conditions are very favor-
able, it~is not a good idea to begin rais-
ing ducks on a large scale. That is. one
should consider every side of the ques-
tion, such’as shipping facilities, distance
from market, etc. Beginners should go
slow. Those who have never raised ducks
should begin with a few. VVhlle ducks
are easily raised, they are also easily
killed. A neighbor killed a fine lot of
young ducks last year by feeding too
much whole grain. Another beginner did
not know that ducklings needed sharp
sand and consequently lost a large num‘
her. This is not meant to discourage
anyone, Just a. mild him for beginners to
“make haste slowly.”

Duck raising seems to be the most fas-
oinatlng branch of the poultry business
as viewed by the thousands of recruits
who enter the ranks every year. Some
succeed, while others fail. Those who
take up the work, "by guess” usually quit
in disgust. at the close of the first sea-
son. Those who begin in a. small way
and learn as they go are the ones who
usually stay with the business. Experi-
ence is a valuable asset, if it does not
come too high.

Fruit growing goes well with duck rais-
ing. Tree fruits do well when planted in
(luck yards. Bush fruits or small plants
are not suitable for such places. I have
fruit trees in all of the yards. These
were planted several years ago and nearly
all are old enough to bear. Some of
tlieS‘e have borne several crops. These
are mostly peach trees. Apples are slow—
er, but the trees are making fine growth
and they furnish plenty of Shade. Ducks
must have shade in warm weather. The
ducks are a decided advantage to the
trees. enriching the soil so that no other
fertilizer is required, and they do not in-
jure the trees at all. -

There is no reason why any person of
ordinary ability should hesitate to try
(luck raising as a side line. They may be
successfully hatched by either hens or
incubators, but nearly every beginner pre-
fers the former. I have hatched them
both ways and each method has its ad-
vantages.

A great many people nowadays are be-
coming more interested in ducks for lay—
ing purposes. As stated above I keep
Indian Runner ducks for eggs alone. They
are small as compared with the others
and are small feeders. A young Pekin
will eat more than four Runners. The
Pekin lays a large egg while the Indian
Runner lays an egg about the Size of the
average hen's egg. A Pekin duckling
can be made to weigh 6 lbs. when 10
weeks old. Very few Indian Runners will
weigh that much when fully matured.
The Pekin is the market duck, while the
Indian Runner is the “egg machine.”

Ohio. ANNA W. GALLIGHER.

Don’t produce poor looking comb hon-
ey, or extract any from combs before
they are capped over.

Don't allow drone comb in any hive,
except one or tw0 which you use for
your choice breeding queen. There is no
profit in keeping a colony‘whlch supports
a large percentage of drone comb.

  
     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


   

' APRIL 26, 1913.

ACCESSORIES TO FOOD PRODUCTS.
Spices.—(Continued).

 

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.
What Causes the Bite in Pepper?

The peculiar biting, smarting, pungent
taste of pepper is due largely to the es-
sential oil which it contains. This oil
has a formula identical with the formula
‘ of turpentine, ClOH16. Another constitu-
ent bf the berry which contributes pun-
gency is a substance known as piperin,
which is a nitrogenous product having
the formula Cl7H19NO3. Pepper contains
also, a considerable amount of starch.

Standard for White Pepper.

The standards for. pepper, adopted by
the Association of Agricultural Chemists,
are as follows:

For white pepper, not less than six per
cent non-volatile ether extract.

Total mineral matter not to exceed four
per cent.

Crude fibre not to exceed five per cent.

Starch, not less than 50 per cent.

Standard for Black Pepper.
Not less than 25 per cent starch.

Non-volatile ether extract, not less than
six per cent.

Total mineral matter, seven per cent.
Crude fibre not to exceed 15 per cent.
Pepper Adulterantsi
The main adulterants of pepper have
been pepper shells, ground olive stones,
buckwheat middlings and foreign starch
products, such as corn meal, rice, tur-
meric, charcoal, etc. As stated in the
beginning most of these adulterants may
be detected with the aid of the micro-
scope by one familiar with the appear-

ance of theSe materials.

Chemical analysis will show many sam—
ples of adulterated pepper to consist
largely of pepper shells, which would be
determined by the high content of crude
fibre, and by excessive amount of dirt
and dust which would be detected mainly
by determining the mineral matter which
w0uld be much higher than in pure
pepper.

A Peculiar Instance of Adulter‘ation of
Whole Pepper.

We stated early in this discussion that
the whole pepper was not very suscep-
tible to adulteration. In spite of this,
however, we have seen a number of sam-
ples of whole black pepper which were
adulterated, the adulterant being dirt,
and a sort of starchy paste. Our atten-
tion was first attracted to this by observ-
ing that a large quantity of the whole
black pepper did not exhibit the crinkly
appearance which is characteristic of the
dried berry, and upon placing several of
the berries in water, we obServed that
after a few moments, the water loosened
a substance which, with slight agitation,
fell to the bottom of the dish, leaving
the berry in its crinkly condition. It
seems as though the adulteration of the
whole product in this way would be un-
i Successful, but evidently the adulterator
figured that the consumer in general was
not familiar with the appearance of the
berry, or else the purchaser paid so lit—
tle attention to the berry when buying
that the adulteration was not noticed.
We do not believe that this is practiced
to any extent at this time, though the
food officials must keep their eyes open
for this form of fraud. .

Red Pepper.
There are a variety of products which
i are considered under the heading of red
' pepper. Following the U. s. Standards in
this matter, we regard red pepper to be
any one of several varieties of the genus
capsicum which botanically belongs to the
solanum, or night-shade family. Its nat-
ural habitat is in the! tropics where it
flourishes very luxuriantly, but various
types of the species may be growu in the
temperate climates. The red pepper of

i commerce is either the whole, or finely
ground ripe dried fruit of the particular
genus to which it belongs.

The more important species are cay-
enne, pimento, capsicum and paprica.
The cayenne pepper is generally consid-
ered the most pungent and biting. It has
an average analysis of approximately the
following:

 

 

 

 

PerCent.
o 5

5to 9

Water .......
Mineral matter (ash) . . .

Fixed oil, trace to 1%
Volatile matter ............17t027
Fiber . ...... ....................... 17
Protein matte ........ 12
Non-volatile ether extract ........ 15 to 19

 

The leading varieties 0f cayenne pep-

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

” gill"lilllll|lIllIll"illlIlllllllllillllllllllllli|lllllllllllllilllllillliiilliillll"Milli“IlillllfllllillllllllllllllllHilllIlllllllll!i|illIIllllIlilllllllllllllllilllill|IIllllllIIIlllllllililllllIllllllllllllllllllliilllllilllllllllllllllllllilfl -

 

o o
P t l S
g rac 1C3 * CICHCC. s
EllllllIIlIllllIllIIIIlIlllll|llIililllIlllllllllllilllllillilllllllillllIIIIIHIIHIHIIIIIIHIlliilllllilllilillllillllllllllllIlllllllllllilllllllllllilllIll|llllllllllllilIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIillllllllllllllllllllllllllllillulilllillllilllfi

per are Japan and Zanzibar, distinguish-
able in appearance by their color, Zanzi-
bar being duller and lighter than Japan.
The active principle of red ppper is an
alkaloid known as capsicum. This seems
to be dissolved in the oil, and is usually
more abundant in the pod than in the
seed.
'Adulteration of Red Pepper.

Red pepper has been considerably adul-
terated, but the adulteratiOn is of a more
scientific nature than as in the case with
black and white pepper. The oil of red
pepper is a very characteristic constitu-
ent, and the coloring matter, likewise is
a very characteristic constituent. So the
adulteration of red pepper, to be per-
formed with any degree of'success at all
necessitates the adulteration of the oil
and color. Of course, the usual adulter-
ants of pepper are found also, such as
starch from corn and wheat, ground
cracker and bread crumbs, etc. But these
ordinary forms of adulteration are not
difficult to detect by one familiar with
the use of the microscope, and especially
by one familiar with the structure of this
class of product. Such products as red
wood have been used to intensify the col-
or, and also the use of some such spices
as turmeric, which, while it is a spice
itself is used to the greatest extent as
coloring matter to further enhance the
color of some other product, or to cover
up the use of some other adulterant.

Detection of Artificial Color.

The detection of such colors as coal
tar colors and added vegetable colors re»-
quire some considerable analytical skill.
In fact, the isolation and identification of
color has been one of the most difficult
tasks of the analyst in food and drug
analysis. Methods are now at hand,
however, which, when in the hands of
careful analysts, yield very reliable re-
sults. Too much emphasis, however, can-
not be placed on the fact that much er-
ror creeps in and much injustice is fre-
quently done to manufacturers by chem-
ists and analySts who, having very little
training and experience, follow set meth-
ods and make interpretations based on
particular set color tests and on the var-
iation of the analysis from maximums
and minimums which are recorded in
books. In food analysis, the averages
and maximums as well as minimums de-
pend largely upon the scope and the op-
portunity of the analyst making the ex-

amination. By stating, therefore, that a
product is adulterated because it has a
higher ash content than is recorded in

the text, or because it has a lower per-
centage, or even higher percentage of
volatile or fixed oil is placing the analyst
in a very precarious position, and which
is still worse, subjecting the distributor
or manufacturer to possible unjust pros-
ecution in the courts. An analyst, in
charge of such work should be a man of
training and experience.

The use of foreign fixed oils is another
source of adulteration in red pepper.
Aside from reinforcing the oil content of
the pepper, the fixed oil serves likewise
to intensify the color. The detection of
fixed oil depends. on the utilization of the
usual method for examining for oil, as
the determination of iodine number, re-
fracted index, etc.

Turmeric.

As we have already stated, turmeric is
used as a spice, and particularly in the
whole condition, unground. It is found
frequently in mixed pickles and is used
in the preparation of certain flavors, pe-
culiar to turmeric. Turmeric is not used
in the largest sense, however, as a spice
itself, but is used as an adultevrant of
other spices and frequently to give color
to such as mustard. It grows naturally
in the tropical regions of the east, and
belongs botanically to the same family as
ginger. ,

The Yellow Color Gives it its value as an
Adulterant.
It contains a fixed and volatile oil, and
a yellow color matter known as curcu-
min. Turmeric is quite readily identified
by means of the agent which turmeric
itself is used to identify in other food
products. This is boric acid. Turmeric
is one of the best indicators we. have for
detecting boric, or boracic acid, which is
one of the chemical preservatives. Con-
versely, therefore, we would expect that
boric acid would be an excellent agent to
indicate the presence of turmeric, which
is true. If a spice or mixture is sus-

u.

pected of containing turmeric, the spice
will be extratced with alcohol, and a
small piece of filter paper soaked in this,
which will take out the coloring matter.
This paper, when dried, is dipped into a
dilute solution of boric acid and again
dried. If turmeric is present, the strip
of filter paper turns cherry red in color,
and if a drop of ammonia is placed on
the paper, the color changes to dark
green at once. Incidentally this very
same procedure is followed in detecting
the presence of boric acid, that is. a strip
of filter paper is dipped into the sup-
posed turmeric solution and the same re-
actiOn takes place.
Ginger. ..
Ginger is the ground root of the ginger
plant and corresponds in its appearance
in the market in this respect, to pepper,
that is, the ordinary black ginger of com-
merce is comosed of the whole dried root
of the ginger plant. \Vhite ginger is pro-
duced by removing the outer layer, which

 

is known as decortigating the ginger
root. Ginger COntains a peculiar vol-
atile oil known as oil of ginger. The

two main methods of adulteration of gin- '
ger are by the addition of dirt, wherebyl
the ash content is increased, and by the;
so-called exhaustion of the ginger, by
which the pungent properties are greatly
reduced. A characteristic method may}
be invoked very successfully in detection
of exhausted ginger if the product is
mixed in any very large quantity. Ginger
itself has a definite structure under the
micrOScOpe, and here again the detection
of adulteration clearly is facilitated by
the use of the microscope.
Standard for Ginger.

So much adulteration with dirt and
other things which we have mentioned
has been performed that it has seemed
wise to adopt definite standards for such

products as ginger and the U. S. Stan-i:
dards are as follows: i
Per Cent. ’
Total ash not to exceed .............. 8
Lime. not more than ................. 1

Ash, insoluble in 1101 not more than 3‘
Starch not less than 42
Crude fiber, not more than ............ 8

According to Leach, the most common
adulterants of ginger other than those
we have mentioned, are wheat, corn, rice, a
turmeric and sawdust. '

BALANCES— vs. UNBALANCED RA-l

TION FOR DAIRY COWS.

 

Under date of July, 1912, the Univer-
sity of Illinois Experiment Station pub-
lished in bulletin No. 159 the results of
some very interesting experiments direct-
ly on the point of the balanced ration.

In a test started January 1, and con-
tinuing for 131 days, 20 cows were divid-
ed into two lots of 10 cows each. Care
was observed that the two lots should
be as nearly equal in milk production and
other characteristics as possible.

In the experiment Lot No. 1 was given
30 lbs. of corn silage; 8 lbs. of clover
hay; 4% lbs. gluten feed; 31,3 lbs. ground
corn.

Lot No. 2 was given 30 lbs. of corn
silage; 5 lbs. of timothy hay; 3 lbs. of
clover hay; 8 lbs. of ground corn.

The ration fed to lot No. 1 contained
1 lb. of digestible protein to 6 lbs. of di-
gestible carbohydrates and fats. In oth-
er words. the nutritive ratio was 1:6, a
very well balanced ration indeed.

The ration fed to Lot No. 2 contained
1 lb. of digestible protein to 11 lbs. of
digestible carbohydrates and fats, or in
other words, a nutritive ratio of 1:11,
which would be considered a very wide

 

ration for cows producing an abundant
flow of milk.
it was noticed that the cows in Lot

No. 2 were not in as good physical con-
dition at the end of the experiment and
did not consume as large quantities of
feed nor produce as much milk.

The total production of milk by lot No.
1 was 30.393 lbs; by Lot No. 2, 26,839
lbs., showing a difference in milk produc-
tion of 12,553 lbs. in favor of Lot No. 1
fed on the balanced ration.

At this rate 6% cows fed the bal-
anced ration produced as much milk as
nine cows fed the unbalanced ration.

The total difference in the production
of butter-fat for the two lots for the 131
days was 3591/2 lbs., and here again 61/2
cows on the balanced ration produced as
much as did the nine cows fed on the
unbalanced ration. The cows on the bal-
anced ration c0nsumed more digestible
nutrients than the cows on the unbal—
anced ration but they also made better
returns according to the nutrients con-
sumed. The lot given the balanced ra-
tion, that is, Lot No. 1, consumed 121/2
per cent more nutrients and made 33.7
per cent better use of the nutrients con-
sumed.

 

 

“fimfl

’Would Y

 

 

Your Handicst Helper! A

if you want an all-round
tractor for the spring and sum-
mer rush—a tractor that can
stand any pace, that will work
for you 24 hours a day—the
machine to buy is the

93”"9’4»

TRACI‘OR

15-30 hp.

' This tractor is built to
use every day, for any
power job on small or
large farms.

It has plenty of power, pulls up
to 6 plow bottoms in stubble,
will plow and disc 10 to M acres
a day—~—builds roads, saws, bales.
threshes. shreds—does the work
of four men and a dozen horses.

The OilPull is built to be used
with profit on small farms, and
it's a mighty handy machine on
a big one. too. it is the only
tractor that burns kerosene or
distillate successfully at all
times-a real fuel saver.

See your dealer aboul it or write
for OilPu/I “Data-Book No. 353.

RUMELY PRODUCTS C0.
' (incorporated)
Power-Farming Machinery

Battle Creek. Mich.
Head Office: LaPorte, Ind. 705

 

 

 

A Car Owner
Asked This Question

“Why is it you guarantee your
tires 1500 more miles than any
other tire manufactured?”

We answered,“simply because
we build in 1500 more tire
miles.”

REMEMBER THIS: The
AJAX 5000 mile guarantee has
been in operation for eight years.
Our business success proves
that this guarantee has been
invariably lived up to, for every
tire which shows a service of

less than 5000 miles means a
loss to us.

nagging
TIRES 1

Guaranteed (in writing)

Drop us a postalfor Booklet "Figures
Tnat Don't Lie” and name of nearest
Ajax dealer.

AJAX-GRlEB RUBBER C0.
1797 Broadway New York City

Factories: Trenton, N. J.

 

 

Ks)

 

  

For you to use and keep a month as

then to show M 1.th?- own.
.Zun‘umfiad'wwiag": “'3 “53%
“I
he all of which! will econ u on
I

low factory '
oflenl woufll with to you llofiggjn an
day. tom nee unthi- you lay letter bl '
Mature" and on our letter or
J. l. u

par t
Personal or can Procldo'nt 1|
uni-An CYCLE co. 77 main Block, cu

Mention the Michigan Farmer"
when writing to advertisers. .‘ " "

 

.. “was... ,_.-. 7,". up... ., . ~

 


 

 
   

”524—12

The Michigan Farmer

Established 1843.

The Lawrence Publishing Co.

Editors and Proprietors. ,

 

   
  
 

 

 

39 to 45 St. West. Detroit. mama.
ILIPHONI Mun «as.
an You Omen-41 Park Row.
memo Ounce—4m l'irst Nat’l. Bank Building.
nlvnmn Orwell—10114015 Oregon Ave.. N.
M. J. LAWR cs: ........... . ....... ....Presldent
M. L. LAWB on... .............. Vice-President.
E. E. 11006 0N ............... . .. . ..Seo.-Treas.
I. B. ATERBURY .....
0. E. YOU .. ...... Associate
BURT WEBMUTH.. Editors.
ALTA LAWSON LITTELL ..

 

 

E. E. HOUGHTON..................Business Homer

 

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

 
  

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ways send none by draft. postoiilce money order.

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tered as second class matter at the Detroit, Mich
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COPYRIGHT I9I3
by the Lawrence Pub; Co. All persons are warned
against reprinting any portion of the contents of
is issue without our written permission.

 

 

 

 

WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN
FARMEB immediatly upon expiration of time sub-
scribed for. and we will pay all expenses for defending
any suit. brought against any subscriber to The Mich-
ifilan Farmer by the ublisher of any term paper.
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Avoid urther trouble by refusing to subscribe for
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tion. T e Lawrence Publishing 00.. Detroit. Mich.

DETROIT, APRIL 26, 1913.-

 

 

 

CURRENT COMMENT,

We are in receipt
Suecess vs. Failure, of a letter from a
and Why? young country wom-
an who shows a
commendable degree of thought upon one,
of the most serious and important prob-
lems of life. This lady's sober judgment
apparently does not warrant her enter-
tainmcnt of the idea that the reward of
her own or her husband's labor has been
commensurate with the efforts expended
and she has made the very pertinent in-
quiry as to why this is apparently true,
and also makes an equally pertinent in-
quiry as to whether conditions might not
be bettered through :i change of occu-
pation. This unusual letter follows:

I should like to ask. and have answer-
ed. through the columns of your valuable
paper, “ii'hy do seven out of about every
ten renters of farm lands fail?" What
I mean by fall is, not being able to buy
a piece of land for themselves after ten
years of hard work, and saving in every
way. say just 40 acres?

Xi'e are young. were married and com-
menced farming ten years ago this spring.
My husband does not drink, ‘nor spend
his money in any way unnecessary. We
have had sickness, but always on my
side, so that it never inconvenienced us,
as far as farming went. Fifty dollars
would cover all our traveling expenSes.
Vi’e only have the bare necessities of life.
in eating, wearing apparel, and Working
machinery. Today we stand the proud
(‘3) owners of five head of horses. eight
head of cattle and some pigs. but square
with the world. Also enough farming
tools to farm a 180 acre farm. “Does it
Pay?" This full we are going to make a
change for better or worse.

Vi'ould like to hear from someone that
has had experience in buying a farm on.
time and from someone that is a me-
chanic. My husband is a natural born
mechanic but has no chance to study or
try his hand at the trade. He would
like to go to the city and work himself
up in the trade. “'Ould it pay better
than farming as we have done in the
past ten years?

Virould like to hear from anyone that
can tell us why we huVe failed, and give
us advice and a remedy.

When one recognizes that his efforts
have not been as successful as might be
desired, the best possible course to pur-
Sue is to analyze the situation and if pos-
sible determine the reason for failure. It
is the best 'plan, however, to first look
for the reason in the industry or sphere
of life in which the lack of result has
been noted, for some people are success-
ful in all occupations. The inquirer rec-
ognizes this in the estimate that seVen
out of ten renters of farms fail to make
a competence which enables them to buy
farms of their own. In the attempt to
determine why the seven fail there is no
more pertinent line of inquiry than why
the three succeed, whether by superior
management—which is the most compre-
hensive term which.might be applied to
the chief factor of success in farming or
any other business—whether by more
fortunate circumstances. or whether at
the cost of an industry and application
which makes the price of success an ex-

 

 

pensive one. Then having determinedthe
cause as far as possible by such compar-
ison, apply the obvious remedy.

It is hOWever, true in some cases that
a natural bent or inclination along cer-
tain lines will make one occupation more
attractive than another even though the
material compensation may be the same

or even less. and thus will give one the

feeling of having attained a greater suc-
cess in life. However, We are not at all
certain that the result described in this
letter should be considered a failure, al-
though to 'this ambitious young woman it
may seem so. It is a notorious fact,
which has often been commented upon by
business men in advising younger people,
that the first thousand dollars is the
most difficult one to save. It is getting
a start that is hard, and the other sav-
ings on the road to material success are
much more easily accomplished. .

The amount of personal property which
has been accumulated by this couple
would doubtless aggregate considerable
more than this first thousand dollars in
value. Also the knowledge which they
have gained in the cenduct of a farm
and the business experience which they
have enjoyed is an eduipment which rep-
resents considerable added capital so far
as earning power is concerned. It is also
not improbable that had this same couple
lived in a city where living expenses are
lhigh and had this young man been em-
ployed in an industry as a mechanic, that
their saving might not be as great as
it is at present. In fact, we believe that
more than seven out of ten of the aver-
age young people in the City do not make
a greater gain in a financial way during
the first ten years of their experience.

Let us for a moment analyze some of
the statistics which are available as to
the compensation of this class of work-
men. The report of the Commissioner of
Labor for 1912 shows that in 2.126 fac-
tories inspected in Detroit there were
employed a total of 109,345 men with an
avol‘nge daily wage of $2.61 per day,
which would be equal to $15.66 per week.
'\\'hen the high cost of city living is con-
sidered it is doubtful whether even with
economy the average young couple would
do better than is described in this letter.
The trouble is that when we have not
succeeded as well as we think we ought
we compare our lot, not with that of the
average in other occupations, but rather
with the more succeseful or more effi-
cient in other occupations. If we will
compare our success with that of the
most efficient of those in our occupation
we will find the same difference.

Success is not a matter of occupation
but of efficiency and while it is true that
a person may, because of natural tem-
perament‘ or inclination, be more efficient
in one line of work than another, suCcess
is after all a matter of efficiency, and our
efficiency can be to no small degree in-
creased by personal inquiry and effort
such as the writer of the above letter has
determined to make.

Following up .the
Tariff Legislation and study of the pro-
the Farmer. posed tariff legis-
. lation as repre-
sented by the Underwood bill now before
Congress, we will refer to some of the
proposed tariff changes as indicated in
the published reports of the schedules
contained in this bill. The primary ob-
ject of this bill may be considered to be
for the benefit of consumers rather than
producers. This being true, the heaviest
cut in duties is naturally made on agri-
cultural products and manufacturers of
same.

Reference has been made to the plac-
ing of raw wool on the free list and the
gradual reduction of tariff on sugar to a.
free basis in a period of three years. Oth-
or products in which Michigan farmers
are interested will, according to pub-
lished reports, he placed on the free list:
Among these is potatoes, which crop is
an important factor in Michigan agricul-
ture. In the items of reduction there are
also some which are very important to
Michigan farmers, among which is the
proposed reduction in the tariff rate on
beans which it is proposed to out nearly
in half.

There are also considerable reductions
in the duties on live stock, horses being
reduced from 25 per cent to 10 per cent;
cattle from 25.07 per cent to 10 per cent;
sheep from 16.41 per cent to 10 per cent;
hay from 43.21 per cent to 26.67 per cent;
poultry from 13.10 per cent to to 6.67 per
cent; eggs from 36.38 per cent to 14.29
per cent, etc.

With regard to the effect of these pro-
posed changes, if they are enacted into
law there is bound to be a great differ-
ence of opinion. In the matter of pota-

T‘H E - M 'I.C:H r as N 9:FAR*M‘1E: R '

toes. there is probably no doubt that in
some season's the proposed change "Would
make a considerable difference in the
market price 'of the staple‘in' this coun-
try, although in a. year like the present
one when price levels are low on this
side this would probably not be. the case.
In the next important staple, beans, it is
claimed by the bean jobber-s that the
proposed reduction in tariff would result
in letting in large volumes of beans from
Japan, Manchuria and Hungary, which
are great been producing countries. This.
however, is largely theoretical and the
duty retained upon this Michigan staple
may provide more adequate protection
than is anticipated.

So far as live cattle and horses are
concerned, no‘ country is at present in
condition to send them to the United
States in quantity. In the matter of re-
frigerated beef, however, the Argentine
could help supply our market to a very
considerable degree under the proposed
free meat clause, although it is obvious
that this would not be done at a point
below the world’s price level, to which
point American meats have only recently
attained.

Also in the proposed tariff changes
there are compensating reductions on
necessities which farmers purchase. For
instance, agricultural implements, fer-
tilizing materials, lumber, binder twine.
boots and shoes, harness, nails, etc., are
made free, while substantial reductions
are made in other manufactures. particu-
larly on woolen and cotton goods and cloth-
ing made from same. Blankets are re-
duced from 72.69 per cent to 25 per cent;
flannels from 93.29 per cent to 30 per
cent; yarn from 79.34 per cent to 20 per
cent; ready-made clothing from 79.56 per
cent to 35 per cent; women’s and chil-
dren’s dress goods from 99.77 per cent
to 35 per cent; carpets from 60 and 82
per cent to 20 and 35 per cent.

As before noted, Michigan people are
not in a position to exert any substantial
influence in the shaping of this tariff
legislation. Also, as before noted. it may
be very much modified before enacted
into law as the dominant party majority
in the Senate is so small that sectional
producing interests are bound to receive
more consideration than will be the case
in the House. Undoubtedly this bill is an
honest attempt on the part of democratic
leaders to carry out party pledges in the
interest of the people as a whole. but
like all legislation of this kind it is
largely a matter of experiment based up-
on assumed rnther than exact knowledge
of problems and interests involved.

In the meantime, however, there is no
occasion for premature apprehension in
the matter. It will be time to adjust
our business to changed conditions when
we find that tariff changes seriouslyraf-
fect conditions along the line of produc-
tion in which we have previously been
engaged. The fact that world consump-
tion has practically overtaken world pro-
duction should be taken into considera-
tion, since tariff changes can only influ-
ence the law of supply and demand in its
local application. ‘ ‘
‘ This week will close the
The Legislative active work of the Leg-

Session. islature, unless it should
be found impossible to
get the essential work disposed of and
the date which has been set for the ces-
sation of business, which is April 26, be
further extended. This, however, is im-
probable, as last week each House dis-
posed of the important bills before it for
consideration and this week is being de-
voted to the consideration of important
bills which originated in the opposite
House by each branch of the Legislature.
So much business has been disposed of by
the two branch 5 of the Legislature which
has not yet been acted upon by the 0p-
posite body that; it is impractical at this
time to give any comprehensive review
of the work of the body. As these mat-
ters are finally disposed of by the Legis-
lature itself, and the governor. we will,
however, review in as much detail as
possible the important acts which have
been passed by the present Legislature,
especially those which are of interest to
country people. As noted in another col-
umn of this issue, one important action
of the Legislature during the past week
was the provision for the appointment of
a commission to investigate European
rural credit societies and make a report
which will be of value to succeeding
legislative bodies in the consideration of
this important subject which is demand-
ing so much public attention at the pres-
ent time.

The present Legislature may Well be
said to have been markedly progressive
in its work, since many of the newer

. .»,
" . “skirt ,-

ideas in civic anatomy"sashes-mitten.

upon the statute books by alimony. Un- i;

doubtedly it‘will develop that some misj-
takeshave been made in this: direction,
but mistakes are the inevitable accom-

paniment of progress in every line of hu-. '

man endeavorg and can be corrected as
they deveIOp. As above noted, we will
review in greater detail the work of the
present Legislature in future issues.

As announced in the

Help the Alfalfa last iSSue, a strenuous
Campaign. campaign for the more
general introduction of

alfalfa upon Kent county farms is now
in progress, the county being fully cov-
ered by automobile parties, including ex-
perts on alfalfa culture who are lectur-
ing at farmers’ meetings and talking
with the farmers as they pass through
the county, with a view of getting every

farmer in the county if possible to try ,

this greatest of forage crops upon his
farm. During the past year or two the
Agricultural College has had one field
man who devoted a portion of his time
to the promotion of the alfalfa propa-
ganda in Michigan. Through his efforts
some 79 alfalfa clubs have been organ-
ized in almost as many counties in the
state, thus creating centers in alfalfa
production which will prove valuable eb-
ject lessons to other farmers in these
several communities.

All this is directly in line with the ef-
forts of the Michigan Farmer to interest
as many of its readers as possible in the
growing of this .most Valuable forage
crap. Any campaign of education is
bound to be slow, the more so when the
conditions under which a crop can be
grown are not well understood by the
educators, to say nothing of the farmers
themselves, but the difficulties surround-
ing the growing of alfalfa in Michigan
have been largely, if not entirely, solved.

It has been demonstrated that it will do
well on almost any well drained soil and
the essential factors in getting a suc-
cessful stand have been worked out un-
til now there is a reasonable certainty of
success for all who will undertake to
grow the plant. There should be from 10
to 40 acres of alfalfa on every Michigan
farm, and those who have been success-
ful in its production can do no better
missionary work t-han to induce their
neighbors to try it. This alfalfa cam-
paign now in progress in the state is one
of the greatest economic importance. and
one in which every public spirited citizen
Should help to the extent of his ability.

This maxim is one,

Where there'saWill the truth of which
there'aa Way. each and every one

. of us should ap-
preciate more fully than we do. Its truth
is well illustrated by an authenticated
incident which recently occurred in a.
neighboring state. A farm boy and his
father were at work splitting wood in the
morning of the day in which a judging
contest was advertised as a part of the
program at a meeting of the state live
stock association. The boy remarked
that he would like to go to this contest
and see the animals and if possible par-
ticipate in the contest. Fortunately his
father roSe to the occasion and told him
to get ready and go and if he won the
prize he would send him to the agricul—
tural college. The boy entered into the
contest with the will which will spell
succesg in his later life, and won. He
also demonstrated the truth of the max-
im, “Where there's a will there’s a way.”

The Kalamazoo Coun-

Kalamazoo County ty Boys’ Corn Club.
Boys’ Corn Club. which was organized

at a meeting at the

state normal school at Kalamaazoo in
January, has a prosperous Outlook in the
opiniOn of the advisory board, composed
of County School Commissioner Mapes
and Messrs. Carey A. Rowland and J. H.
McLaughlin. The officers of the club are
themselves boys acting under the advice
of the county school commissioner, who
is aided by the advisory board. The boys
who are members of this club will com-
pete in corn growing for prizes to be of-
fered at the end of the year for the best
10 ears of corn grown on an eighth of an
acre of land. The advisary board has
sent a circular letter to all teachers of
district schools in the county,'giving in-
fermation with regard to the contest and.
urging the teachers to interest as many
boys as possible in it. Also bulls-tins have
been prepared on different phases of corn
growing which will be sent out at differ-
ent periods during the season, the firm:
one which accompaniedthe letter to the
rural teachers containing advice regard-
ing the selection of site for the plot of

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_ ,_-_y.;relég-ms. ' TH E M21" :C H I G A, N :F A a M E a 13—525

 

corn, the fertilization of the coil and _the
testing of the seed " - >

This work holds great educational pos-
sibilities, and apparently the plant adopt-
ed are such as to make the most of these
possibilities in the district schools of Kal-
amazoo county The result will be watch-
ed with interest by the farmers and ed-
ucators of other sections of the state to
whom this work will prove a valauable
object lesson.

THE H UMAN PARASITE.‘

 

“Parasitism is an adaptation to a very
special mode of life in which the com-
mon nutritive difficulties are reduced to
a. minimum,” says a wise professor of
biology in one of our universities. A few
moments' study of this definition will re-
veal the, fact that it is scientifically cor-
rect and pholosophicaily true. A para-
site is an organism that lives at the ex-
pense of another without rendering it
any service in return. This holds true
in all cases, whether we think of the
miniature parasite that inhabits the di-
gestive tract of the earthworm, or the
human parasite that lives upon the hu-
man race generally.

There are several classes of the hu-

man parasite, but the one which we wish

to consider here is that unworthy and
often times contemptible class of hu-
manity that travel through the cOuntry
begging their food and lodging, and plead-
ing some form of disability as an immu—
nity from work. This class needs no
introduction to the farmer. Its members
are known the country over. Just why
society permits these parasites to exist
is not evident. However, exist they do
and always will unless there is a united
efforton the part of the better classes
of humanity to eliminate them forever
from our midst.

It is a universal fact in the lower forms
of parasitic organisms that their ances-
tors at one time led a separate exist-
ence. By lower forms we mean those
parasites/that are internal. The inter-
nal parasite is way below the external
parasite in organism. The early ances-
tors of these internal parasites were or—
ganisms that existed by the usual means
of exertion to gain a livelihood. They
possessed organs and appendages much
the same as other individuals of their
genus and withul, were fairly intelligent
animals for the class which they repre-
sented. However, by some unfortunate
circumstance they learned that therle
was an easier mode of life, which called
for absolutely no exertion. All that was
required to live was merely to eat. So
they gave up' the freedom of a separate
existence; they discarded the active life,
and adapted themselves to a fixed life.
The direct reSult was degeneration. Their
appendages and most of their organs be-
came rudimentary after a few genera-
tions, and their intelligence became a.
negative quantity.

So it is with the species of parasite
that we call “tramps,” “hoboes,” and
“beggars.” They have learned that it is
easier to live by parasitism than it is
to work for their daily bread. Their
main object in life, like the true para-
site, is merely to live. Hence they give
up all the pleasures of life that is in a
large sense joyful, because it benefits
others than self entirely. The value of
any man's occupation is measured, not
by the amount it benefits himself, but
rather by the degree in which it aids
others. The returns of labor in any
form are but the rewards for having ben-
efited humanity. However, the parasite
gives nothing for value received, and is
always a detriment to Society. More-
over, the habit of parasitism is a detri-
ment to the parasite.hlmself; for as the
true parasite degenerates, so does the
human one. Everyone who comes in
contact with a human parasite realizes
this degeneration to be a fact. He has
no high and lofty ambitions, no ideals,
no personal pride. His one desire is to
live without the necessity of giving value
for value.

Doubtlesa there are occasionally worthy
people who go through the country ask-
ing for aid of some kind. But notice, a
worthy person is never a parasite. It is
not hard to distinguish a worthy per-
son who asks for help. A worthy person
is invariably willing to do what he can
to pay for his meals or lodging. He will
ask if there is some kind of work he can
do to pay fer his keep. A man stopped
at the door of a farm house one day and
said, “Madam, have you any wood I can
cut, or any kind of work I can do to pay
for my dinner?” He was worthy and not
in the least in the parasitic” class. , He
was given his 'dinner, and when he had
finished it, he again asked if he could

 

. whatever.

 

pay for it in work. Such people are not
tramps, and any farmer's wife is willing
to help the worthy when she can.
Another man stopped at the door of
another farm house one night and asked
for lodging for the night. He claimed
that he was a cripple and could not
work. He said that half of his feet were
,cut off; but he gave no reason why he
could not work just as well as to tramp
through the country. His disability did
not seem to hinder him in walking at
all. Accompanying him was a little curly
dog. This in itself should have been
enough to stamp him as being unworthy;
for no worthy person having need of aid
will have use for a dog. But the farm
house at which he stopped on this par-
ticular night was owned by a young
farmer, and rather than get such a per-
son’s ill will, he permitted him to remain
all night. This parasite was surly and
ungrateful and demanded that his dog
be allowed to sleep with him, although
the farmer’s own dog always spent the
night in the barn. Farmers are unwise
to let such undesirables influence them
into donating either food or lodging.
After getting his breakfast the next
morning, the parasite tookhis vallse and
hurried up the road, his dog following at
his heels He walked as briskly as any
man could. He did not make any calls
in the neighborhood. Later it was learn-
ed that in another community he collect-
ed three dollars and got two dinners in
one afternoon. He was a perfectly heal-
thy man and was unworthy of any aid
He was capable to work as
much as any man, but like the true par-
asite, he had learned that there was an
easier life by living on the labors and
exertions of someone else. He had lost
all personal pride and was fast becoming
—if not already there—a degenerate.

There is only one cure for parasitism:
expel the parasite. There is but one
sure way to do this and ihzlt is to make
local conditions unfavorable to the para-
site so that he can not remain. chcral
ways are open to farm folk to make local
conditions unfavorable. A ready means
is to give the para<ite “cold shoulder”
and “cold tongue.” In other words. do
not sympathize with him, but refuse ab-
solutely to cater to his wants. Give him
to understand that he is unworthy of any
aid. Adopt the John Smith logic and tell
him that those who won’t work shall not
eat. Parasitism would soon die a violent
death if every farmer would adopt such
an attitude. Again, there is another
remedy. There are laws against vag-
rancy, and there are officials to enforce
them. Every farmer would perform a.
service to society if he would inform the
correct officials every time he came in
touch with one of lheSe parasites. Such
a method consistently carried out would
be fatal to this parasitism.

The world owes no able-bodied man or
woman a living. Every able-bodied indi-
vidual who has reached maturity and is
sane owes the world a service. With
the truly unfortunate it is a different
matter. The world is largely responsible
for every man's misfortune of an acci-
dental nature. If a mun has lost a limb
it has been torn away undoubtedly by
something that has benefited humanity.
It is the duty of society to take care
of those who cannot take care of
themselves, or have no one to take care
of them. Everyone has sympathy for
the really needy; but no man should have
a whit of sympathy for a parasite. If a
person can walk day after day, he can
work, and there is not yet a monopoly
on farm labor, as most farmers, who are
compelled to hire laborers, know.

Farmers, let the mandate go forth from

each individual that this form of para-
sitism must cease. You will not only
benefit yourselves and your posterity,

but you will be doing the parasite himself
a favor in that you will compel him 'to
seek a legitimate occupation.

Ionia Co. JAS. A. BIB,0WN.

LANSING TO HAVE A PUBLIC MAR-
KET.

That a very large majority of the peo-
ple of our cities believe in the direct mar-
keting of farm products was shown by
the vote taken in Lansing, April 7, on
the question of establishing a public mar-
ket within the limits of that municipality.
The final vote stood 4,012 for and 1,866
against, giving a favorable majority of
2.146 votes for the proposition. Not a.
single one of the six wards voted down
the measure. If the market is properly
located, equipped and managed it should
afford the residents a moresatisfactory
source of farm products and prove a
highly profitable place for farmers to sell.

 

HAPPENINGS or THE WEEK.

 

National.

The first serious break in the main
dykes in the lower Mississippi valley oc-
curred Monday afternoon when the Wood-
lawn levee north of Mayersville, Miss,
went out. It is estimated that with the
territory already flooded the area cov-
ered by water from this new break will
make a. total of 1,132 square miles under
water. Boats have been ordered to do
rescue and relief work in the affected
district. Communication assures the out-
side world that there is little danger to
life or stock in the troubled territory.

The little town of Fenton, 16 miles
southwest of St. Louis, Mo., was wiped
out by fire Sunday. The loss is estimat-
ed at $200,000. A hundred persons are
homeless. ,

The ice‘fields at Buffalo are delaying
the opening of lake commerce to that

port. On Monday there were 29 vessels
fastened in the ice outside the harbor
,there. Vesselmen look for no change un-

til the wind shifts to a different quarter
and drives the ice from the lake front.
The amount of beef exported from the
United States during the year ending
March 31, 1907, was 36 times as great as
for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1913.
In spite of the fact that the state gov-
ernment of California has been appealed
to by the state department at Washing-
ton to have regard in the matter of the
alien land legislature for the friendly re-
lations between this country and Japan,
the Californian legislature seems deter-
mined to adopt laws handicapping Jup-
anese ownership of lands in that state.
The laws, as now proposed, will provide
that no alien who is ineligible to citizen-
ship shall be permitted to acquire and
hold land in California for a period of
more than one your after date of such
acquisition. and, too, that no corporation,
the majority of stock of which is held
by aliens who are ineligible to citizen-
ship, shall be permitted to acquire and
hold land except for one year. The po—
sition taken by the Californians is that
the proposed laws are no more stringent
than those already existing in Arizona.
Washington, lllinois, Minnesota and Mis-
souri: and further, that the Asiatic im-
migrants will soon drive out all Ameri-
cnns from the locality in which they lo-

cate, since Americans will not long re-
main where there are Asiatic property
owners. It is expected that the mens-

ures will be voted upon some time dur-
ing the current week.

A new factor has bccn introduced into
the controversy between this countryund
Great Britain regarding the exemption
of American coaStwise trading ships from
paying tolls through the Panama canal.
A demand has been made by a number
of senators at “’ashington that the treat-
ties upon which Great Britain claims a
right to interfere in the matter of regu-
lating the tolls, be abrogated. The reso-
lution presented by Senator Chamberlain
of Oregon, is receiving more general sup-
port than was anticipated.

The Michigan Legislature will provide
for a commission to visit Germany and
other European countries for the purpose
of investigating the system of agricul-
tural credits thcrc. This commission will
likely work in harmony with similar ones
from other states in a general study of
agricultural credit systems of Europe.
Governor Ferris has already chosen A.
B. Cook, of Shiawussee county and H.
F. Baker. of Cheboygan county, as mem-
bers of this committee.

President Emeritus James B. Angel]. of
the University of Michigan, has been
selected to represent this state at a
peace Conference to be held at St. Louis,
luay 1-3.

Patrolman \Villar Blynn, of Pontiac,
was killed and another officer seriously
injured in an automobile smashup last
Monday morning.

Fire is reported to 'have caused :1 mil-
lion dollars loss in a lumber plant at
Georgetown, S. C.

Foreign.

King Albert of Belgium hopes to put
an end to the industrial strike of that
country, in which nearly half a million

Belgians are participating. by asking the
present premier and his cabinet to resign
and committing the formation of a new
cabinet to a. premier who will submit the
question of general franchise to a com-
mittee of inquiry. It is believed that
this move will have the effect of satis-
fying those who have gone on strike for
the purpose of securing the right lo vote.

A battleship of supcr-dreadnuughi type
was launched from the French govern-
ment dockyard at Laurient, France, April
20. Another similar ship is to be launch-
ed at Brest this week. The orders for
these ships were placed in May, 1912,
making their construction among the most
quickly achieved in the history 0f bat-
tleShip building.

V’Vhile a better feeling prevails among
the Japanese toward the ['nited States
because of the news that President Vi'il-
son and Secretary of State Bryan have
taken active steps toward having the Cal-
ifornia alien land laws altered, a feeling
of indignation was started by the publi-
cation of an official message to the effect
that anti-Japanese legislation is being
considered in several western provinces
of Canada.

The cOndition of affairs in Mexico has
assumed such a phase that it is reported
from unofficial quarters that interven-
tion by the United States will be the only
means of bringing about settled condi-
tions in that republic. The different army
posts in the United States are making
ready for moving troops and war muni-
tions to the Mexican border.

 

CROP AND MARKET NOTES.

 

Sanllac 00., April 18.—Prospects_ are we
are going to have seeding weather. The
frost is all out and the ground is drying
fast. Some are already working the land.

Most of the oats in this locality are put
in on bean ground (last year’s), which is
disced instead of plowed. About half of
the wheat looks good, the remainder is
very spotted and seems to have suffered
from the ice that covered it in February.
Hay prices are a little better but the
local markets are slow to ‘raise. Auction
sales still continue almost daily. Our
rainfall has been heavy so far in April.
Those who sustained heavy losses caused
by the wind storm (March 21), have not
been able to rebuild yet. the weather has
been so unfavorable for carpenters to
work, and not enough to go around.
Farmers are hoping for a good season.
Farm wages range from $28 to $35 per
month and board. Butter-fat, 34c; eggs,
fresh, 160. '

Genesee 00.. April 12.—Cold wet weath-
er has interfered with Starting work and
so far as reported not a furrow has yet
been turned. The land is too wet for
hauling loads so the annual cleaning up
of manure piles has not begun. Repair-
ing fences and other like work seems to
be about all that has been attempted
thus far. Grass and wheat are starting
well. The latter not apparently injured
by freezing, to any extent. The farm
adviser for this county has begun his
duties. An employment bureau where
farmers and laborers may be brought in
touch with each other. is being tried out.
So far demands for help are far in ex-
cess of the supply. County road making
will be resumed in a few weeks.

Lapeer C0,, April 12.—Season backward:
fields so water-soaked and soft that
teams cannot get over the ground, making
it unfavorable for farm operations, Sow-
mg on the usual clover and timothy seed
on fall grains has not, on many forms,
been attended to. Some farmers had
their oat ground prepared and ready to
drill in the oats, but the heavy rains of
the past week stopped operations. Farm-
ers are shingling thcir barns and other
buildings, repairing the some, and also
fences damaged on the memorable “Good
Friday” by the hurricane. The average
condition of stock is not extra. Some farm—
ers have been buying hay and fodder the
past week, while many are hauling baled
hay to the cars for shipment. Grziin and
potutocs seem to be well sold and but
little of the same left on farmers’ hands.
Full grains seem to be looking quite well
for as little protection as they have had
the past Winter. Clover has winter-killed
some. llelp appears to be scarce this
year. notwithstanding the good wages of—
fered. Farmers fearing free wool are
selling off their sheep.

Ohio.

Carroll 60., April il.——“'e have some
very wet wea'hcr down here. Farmers
are behind with their Spring work. Some
plowing «lone. but most of the bottom
land is too wet to plow. All live stock
looks Well. We had some high water
down here. The railroads were consid-
erably damaged but most of the damage
is repaired now. Grass is beginning to
grow nicely. liggs’, 170; butter, 26c: oats
40c; com, 65; hay, No. 1 timothy, $15.

. Pennsylvania.

Erie 00., April 12.—\Venther is quite
changeable. An unusual amount of rain
causing floods which traversed the coun-
try in general. involving the destruction
of much property. Farmcrs unable to
do much work, only the daily routine of
chores. “'heat looking extra good. Hay.
very best, $8 per ton; coWs, $50fi100:
horses from MSW/230; hogs. 0c. live: veal

.81/éC live: spring pigs, $8 per cwi‘. Land
increasing ill vuluc. Farm help very
scarce and wages rcusonably good.

New York.

Niagara 00., April ll.—Roads getting
good and some scraping being done on
them. Every orchardmau getting ready
for spraying. The dry lime and sulphur
solution is in great favor here at present.
It is guaranteed to kill scale in four
days; 500 100~lb. cans, or 50,000 lbs, have
been_ sold at one point at retail lately
at $0.70 a can, one can containing material
for 500 gallons of solution. The bottom
has dropped out of the hay market and
there is no demand for cabbagc. Beans,
$1.7»; calves and hugs each, Do a ll); corn

and oats, $29 per ton; outs. 45c a bu;
wheat, $1; flour, $5.75 per bbl. .
lndiana. '

Laporte Co., April 2].-—-Cold and late
spring; 24 degrees this morning, with

kccn cold wind. Very little plowingdonc

ycl. Outs :liScc-d in on fall plowing: We
expect a fair acreage of corn but late
planting, perhaps after the 20th. from
present outlook. Hauling manure the
principal work, with trimming orchardS,
repairs to fem-cs, ctc. Stock all right

and fair condition, mostly cows and young
Stock. the feeders. Butter. 30((135c; eggs
plentiful at 16c: hens; 15c, alive; reliable
farm help Scarce and demand good; corn
50c; potatoes. Wit-30c.

OHIO csopvco‘uovrrows GOOD.

 

Notwithstanding reports of heavy loss-
es to Ohio farmers from the extensive
floods, a recent report of the Ohio De-
partment of Agriculture states that while
the property damage to farmers was con-
siderable, the crop outlook is good. as
indicated by the following:

“ll'heat in places suffered no loss but
the average loss for Ohio is estimated at
7 per cent, 1913 crop, based on acreage
sown in 1912. However, the wheat pros-
pcct .for coming harvest is optimistic.
(:rowmg conditiOn is better at this time
than corresponding date of 1012. Acreage’
now in the ground exceeds acreage har-
vested in 1912 by 600,000 acres. In bush-
els the 1913 harvest ought to exceed the
1912 harvest by 15.000,000, if no handicap
is placed between now and threshing;
time. Oats already sown have suffered
severely in places, also by delay in seed-
ing. The crop may be impaired to the
extent of 3 per cent. Rye. 1913, depress
5 per cent. Comparative large acreage
in ground. Corn crop ahead, suffers only
from slight delay in plowing and washout
of soil. Loss estimated between one and
two per cent only." — ’

 


 

Mrs. Homelot—J‘Gracious, Anty
Drudge! I’m ashamed to have

 

you see my house! But the
new calf got the colic, and I’ve
been in the barn all morning.
It’s better now, and it won’t:
take me long to clear away
these dishes. They’ve been
;. soaking in cool water and
‘ Fels-Naptha Soap.”

Anty Drudge—“Lots of women
would be tuckered out after
nursing a calf through the
‘colic. But I see you believe
in making the best of things.
Besides, you saVe your time
and strength by doing things
the easy way."

~ Women don’t
need to be tired
out with their
weekly washing
nor housework if

they do it the
F els-Naptha way,
in cool or luke-
warm water, with
' no hard rubbing
and scrubbing.

Fels-Naptha S o a p
makes dirt disappear.
It cuts the grease on
pots and pans, and
makes them shine. It
cuts work in half,
too, and does it better
than it ever was done
before, w i t h less
trouble.

Use Fels-Aiaptha Soap according

'to the easy directions on the Red
and Green Wrapper.

 

Fels & 00., Philadelphia.

Household Editorz—I am a young girl
18 years old and have lived on a farm all
my life. I have a. good home, but not
much spending money. i think I should
get out and earn my own money but.my
folks don't want me to IeaVe. 'I have JuSt
an ordinary district school education but
I think there ought to' be something I
could do. I want to come to the city,
but my father won‘t hear to it. XVhat
B.

would you advise?—M.

I girl who has a good home on a farm
to come to the city for the doubtful

pleasure of having a little more spending

money. It has been my sad experience

SHOULD certainly not advise any

 

 

that most of that spending money goes to
pay 'for the necessities which you now
get for nothing, and there is nothing left
over to buy the clothes and pleasure
trips your soul longs for.

Just stop and consider your capabili-
ties. You say you have only an“‘ordi-
nary district school education.” That
means you might go into a department
store, perhaps, there is alwayspadong
waiting list when you get there, and as
you are absolutely without experience
you would probably have to begin on
$4.00 a week. You couldn’t get board
anywhere for that and if you could there
wouldn’t be a cent left even for postage.
You would, instead, have to rent a room
for at least $1.50 or $2.00 a week and
board and clothe yourself out of the re-
mainder. How near mother's cooking
would your bill-of—fare approach?

Or you might get into an office where
all You could do would bet to address en-
velopes, file letters, send out bills, ‘etc.,
at about the same pay. Possibly you
would get $5.00 in an office but the strug-
gle to exist would be the same. Factory
work might pay you more after you
learned to operate a power machine, they
pay by piece work, from 40 cents to 75
cents per dozen garments, so if you are

 

 

swift you might make $8.00 or $9.00 a
week. But, you would have to come
down to work at 7:00 o’clOt-k, bring a cold
lunch and eat it in the half hour allowed
for nooning, then pitch in again and
work until 5:00 or 5:30 p. m. in order to
make the higher wage. Your companions
would be f0r the most part foreign girls
whose interests would not be yours. You
would have no one around you who would
care for the things you did, and in all
likelihood would be cooped up in a room
where two or more Were suffering from
tuberculosis.

Again, you might do kitchen work.
This would be: the sanest, healthiest and
best paid work you could do. Everything

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

On Every

 

:8!“ We can... .. PAINT

2 Quality Direct to You $1.30
To introduce it to readers of the Michigan Farmer.

, STERLING PREPARED PAINT

loudly to lino—81.30 per gallon in lots of 6 gal. and over.
Fromm prop-Id. Write for trial offer.
IATTLI CREEK ROOFING & MFG. Co.
In W. 8‘... SI. BM“. Crook. Mich.
REFERENCE—Old National Bank,

 

 

 

 

“ll“, Amon or womn,oll «spare time. to secure
information for us. Experience not neces-
sary. Nothin to soil. GOOD PAY. Bend stamp for par-
ticulars. A dress I. 8. I.A., Indlonapollo. lndlono

 

you made would be clear gain, for there
would be no board or room rent to pay.
But the life of a kitchen girl in a city is
not altogether a bed of roses. There are
many homes where you would be treated
well and have enough to eat. There are
others where you would have a cold,
dingy room in the attic with a cracked
washbowl and pitcher, be denied the use
of the family bath tub, and would not
,have enough to eat. YOu would be ex—
pected literally to “eat of the crumbs
that fell from the master's table,” and
those crumbs would be few and scat-
tering.

In whatever home you worked, you
would not be treated as an equal. You
would be expected to enter and leave by
the side or back door, would not eat
with the family and would not be intro-
duced to their friends. What acquaint-
ances you made would be made at church
and the Y, \V. C. A. And it is a common
complaint among girls who do housework
that as soon as a nice young man finds
out you are a housemaid he drops your
acquaintance.

If you want to earn money there are
dozens of ways to do it in your own
neighborhood. I’ve no doubt there are a.
half dozen farm homes around you whose
mistresses would gladly give you $3.00 or
$4.00 a week for your help. Yflou might
get $5.00 or $6.00 in the city but would it
not be better to take less money and be
in a neighborhood where you have friends
and can have a good time? Besides, be-
ing in reach of your mother is worth
much more than the extra money you
might earn in a city. You will be work-
ing for someone you know, someone who
regards you as an equal, where, in the
city, many women you might work for

 

THE ‘MICHIGAN- FA'RMER
I 39:4“!lIll|IIIIllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIllllflllllllllllllll|Ill|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllIllllllIIllIlllllllllllllllIIlllIllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlIIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Women and Her Needs.

At Home and ElseWhere.
filllllIllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHlIIlIlIIIIIIllllllill”Hill”Hlllllllllll[ilillll|lllllIillllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllHHIHHHHHHHIIIHlllll“IllllI“IIllIIUIHIIHIIIIHIIHIHIllIllIllIIIIllI”mlII”“IIIII“IIIIHIHIIlllllllllilllllllE—‘r‘r;

Better is a Little with Contentment

 

ILL:

g

would scarcely consider you as more than
a machine.

If you don’t want to work out Why
don’t you raise chickens, or cultivate a
berry patch, or «try the home canning of
vegetables, as described in a recent issue
of The Farmer? Your father will surely
donate a garden patch and your mother
the use of her clothes boiler, and you can
use. that little spending money you do
have to- buy the cans. Home canned
things always find a market. It was only
last week as I was giving a grocery order
that I saw a; stack of cans on the counter
labeled, “Canned by Mrs. M. Blank, Sun-
ny Brook Farm, Virginia.” There is no
reason why someone should not see your
name and address on canned vegetables
and fruit, and you have your spending
money and keep your home too.

I should by no means advise a girl to
leave her home when father and mother
both want her to stay with them. There
are enough poor. Worn creatures now who
are forced out, not only to support them-
selves but to provide for others. If a
girl can live at home, by all means let
her offer up thanks for her blessings and
stay on,. even if she only has ten cents a.
week for spending money. That is more
than many working girls feel they can
actually spend on themselves for any-
thing besides bare necessities.

DEBORAH.
DIET.—No. 11.

Over-feeding of Starches.

There is a popular impression among
most of us that the fat, well—fed looking
individual is the well one. Yet all of us
have remarked some time or other hoW
funny it is that the thin, pindling look-
ing individuals seem to be so wiry and
so much better able to stand hard work
than the heavier ones. ln looking over
the list of your acquaintances isn’t it true
that the ones who are thin and appar-
ently not overly strong, keep right on the
job day in and day out, as a rule, where
the ileshier one is constantly complaining,
and is usually the first one to be taken
down with the epidemics which visit your
neighborhood?

It argues, doesnt’ it, that fat isn’t a
sign of health? “'e can see that in the
animal world, The sleek. trim, wiry horse
can itSuaIly out-run and out—work the
fat. over-fed animal. The first horse has
been fed with an eye. to getting the most
work out of him, while the second has
probably not been fed with any purpose

in mind. .

And the same rule holds in the human
family. The fat individual is invariably
not a walking advertisement of good

health but of incorrect feeding. He is
the product of a liberal diet of baked
goods, sweets and starchy foods, rather

than of a sane, well-balanced diet where
proteins play an important part.

Milk, lean meat and eggs, with beans
and peas, go to build up the wornout
cells and keep the body in repair. The
starches, sugars and fats are the fuel
foods, that is. they keep the heat of the

body up and furnish the energy needed
to run the human machine. A person
dOing muscular work, of course. tears

down a certain number of cells daily and
it stands to reason that he must have

the sort of food that will rebuild those

wornout cells. If. instead of giving him
the porteinS, milk and its product, cheese,
eggs, and lean meat, we feed him starchy
foods, it must follow that the work of re—
pair is improperly done and his system
is undermined. This is what makes him
physically unfitted to (lo heavy work and
leaves him liable to contract sicknesses,
not the least of which is tuberculosis.

It sometimes happens, though, that the
person who lives aln10st exclusively on
starchy foods, is thin and anaemic, in-
stead of plump, although starchy foods go
to making fat. This is usually due to
indigestion, he eats so much more starch
than the system can assimilate that the
food acts as a poison, and deranges the
whole system.

It is not only a mistake, but a crime,
to fail to provide a mixed diet for our-
selves and for our children. Growing
children should be given the sort of
foods which build up muscles, bone and
nerves, not to mention the vital organs.

 

 

 

I

 

l
l

 

  
  
  
 
  
  
  
    
  
  
 
  
  
  

 
 
   

APRIL 26, ,1913.

DR. TALKS ON FOOD
’ PremoI’Bool-d of Health.

“What shall I eat?" is the daily inquiry
the physician is met with. I do not hes-
itate to say that in'my judgment 9. large
percentage of disease is caused by poorly
selected and improperly prepared food.
My personal experience with the fully-
cooked food, known as Grape—Nuts, en-
ables me to speak freely of its merits.

“From overwork, I suffered several
years with malnutrition, palpitation of
the heart, and lose. of sleep. Last sum-
mer I was led to experiment personally
with the new food, which I used in con-
junction with good rich cow’s milk. In
a short time after I commenced its use.
the disagreeable symptoms disappeared,
my heart’s action became steady and nor-
mal, the functions of the stomach were
properly carried out and I again slept as
soundly and as well as in my youth.

“I look upon Grape-Nuts as a perfect
food, and no one can gainsay but that it
has a most prominent place in a rational,
scientific system' of feeding.- Any one who
uses this food will soon be convinced of
the soundness of the principle upon which
it is manufactured and may thereby know
the facts as to its true worth.” Name
given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich.

"There’s a reason,” and it is explained
in the little book, “The Road to Well-
ville,” in pkgs. .

Ever read the above letter? A
new one appears from time to
time. They are genuine, true.
and full of human interest.

  

. Do you realize that you can
» w d your old stove with advantage and profit?

' In construction, workman-
l‘aSts l“ongership and design. The Mon-
arch is years ahead of all other ranges. It is
made of malleable iron and steel. It has com-

plete triple walls—asbestos and
Less Fuel steel. Full protection against
damage by corrosion. The top and oven heat
quickly. Every seam is riveted tight—no bolts

or stove putty toloosen andfall
Less work out. The Duplex Draft and Hot
Blast Fire Box insure even heat and fulluse of

Better Cooking “1 ”‘9 “1°1- The relished

top neverneeds blacking.

 
   

Do your work
in half the time
' the

 
  
  
  
 
   
    

(fflmmulummmunm ._

H mmnmflflll'lll‘ vii-Imuuuuuuuun'
. , .. ’5

‘ne RANGE PROBLEM”

and
“CASH IN on
the OLD STOVE.”

1..
_.
y .

o

0

I

i

l

' .
i

0

0

WRITE .
for them
To-day
Address
MolIeabIe Iron Range Co.
*794 Lake Street. Beaver Dam. Wis.

 

 

on First Cost-—
Then

AT

WITH LESS FUEL
Are you willing to pay 825 to 075 more for a. fur-
nace not nearly as good as the Kalamazoo!
Certainly not, especial] when the Kalamazoo
gives greater heat an cuts down fuel bills,

urnace and complete fittings shipped direct at
factory price.

30 Days Free Trial-Cash or Credit
You don’t keep the Kalamazoo unless it proves
in service that it can heat your house perfectly
at minimum expense. Convenient payments.
We pay freight charges.

Furnace Book Free
Gives you facts that will save you money in
buying, installing and operating your furnace.

We‘re glad to mail it free—write a request 0
a postMr-ask tor cataJoz No. 909. .

Kala-om Stove $0.. Mfrs, Kalamazoo, Mich. -

We_ have two other catalogs, one describing
Heating and Cookin Stoves, the other describ-
ing Gas Ranges. Winch one do you wish?

Trade Mark Rogistam

‘A Kalamazoo .‘trf

Direct n, You" o

     

 
 
       
      
       
     
     
   
     
      
        
 

   

  

 

  

Chairs &Tricycles I
.3 q Fochnlidsuthriuloo ‘

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

3;. .» . i . I
Ai’RIL 26,4913.

 

 

And these fo’ods' are milk, eggs and lean
meat. Many mothers. say their Children
will not drink milk not eat eggs, and of-
fer this as sufliclent excuse for not pro-
viding the children with the food nature
demands. If children will not eat these
foods the fault is the parent’s. The sane
parent never asks her child what she
likes or doesn’t like. She sets before
them the food they should have, and lets
them eat it or go hungry. Hunger is a
good sauce for any food and the normal
child will not turn‘ up his nose at a-good
glass of 'milk or a nice fresh egg if he
knows he is not going to get a piece of
cake or a doughnut if he makes a big
enough fuss. If from babyhOOd the chil-
dren are fed properly, and not given any
freedom of choice, there will be no trou-
ble about their eating when they get
older. When y0ur child is sick and in
danger you see that he takes his medi-
cine, no matter how bitter. How much
better it would be to see that he takes
good health-making food every day, and
thus ward off_the sicknesses that the
wrongly fed child is heir to.

 

HOME QUERIES.

 

Household Editorz—My baby vomits a
good deal and I can not decide what is
the matter. Some mothers tell me it is
all right, that babies always do vomit,
but it worries me. What would you do?
——Y0ung Mother.

If the baby is fed naturally and is
plump and well and vomits ,immediately
after nursing, it is probably only because
he has eaten too much and nature takes
that way of protecting the stomach. In
this case it is not a cause for worry, but
only a suggestion not to let the baby
nurse so long. If it is a bottle baby,
there may be something wrong with the
food, or again it may be only overfeeding.
If it is not losing weight, try reducing
the quantity of the feeding. If baby is
not well and thriving it is possible that
the milk you are giving is not prepared
properly. Reduce the amount of sugar,
or if you are adding a patent baby food
reduce the amount of food added to the
milk. Too much starch and sugar causes
vomiting and the food vomited up will be
very sour. An excess of cream also
causes vomiting. If baby vomits 10 or 15
minutes after eating, it is only-from ov-
erfeeding. If it vomits an hour or so
after a meal it is probably due to too
much cream, sugar or starch. up;

Household Editorz—Do you think vege-
tables cooked in a tireless cooker are as
good as those cooked on top of the
stove?——Mary-B. ‘ .

No, decidedly not. Vegetables cooked
in a closely covered receptacle where
there is no chance for the vapors to es-
cape are never as good as those cooked
where the cover can be left off a bit for
the steam and odor to pass off. I tried
cooking potatoes in the fireless cooker and
secured a, mass of black-looking, soggy
things that even the household pets re-
fused to eat. Since then I have used the
cooker exclusively for cereals or meats
that needed a. lOng slow cooking.

“GOOD-LUCK" PATCHWORKz.

 

 

BY MATTIE M'CASLIN.

It is pleasing to note that the Granges
and both state and county fairs encour-
age the dear old pastime of making
patch-work, and many women, especially
elderly ladies, still love to indulge in this
useful “fancy work.” ‘Why not bring it
up-to-date, and instead of mere geometri-
cal blocks that mean nothing, embody
some symbolic design into the quilt or
cushiOn? Why not try the cheerful task
of making “Good Luck” patchwork in the
form of the ancient but ever popular
swastika. _

I have worked it out and the effect in
silk, wool and even calico in light and
dark colors alternating, is very pleasing,
while the idea embodied brings a helpful
suggestion. Though of ancient, Oriental
origin, we all love the swastika, sym-
bolic of the world’s life and activity, and
worn as a good luck amulet. Get out
your bag of scraps, follow these direc-
tions carefully and you cannot fail,

To make a dark swastika, first cut a
dark strip the length of which is exactly
five times its width. Next out six short
strips each double its width. Then make
four light strips the same size as the
short, dark ones. Sew the four light
pieces to the side of four of the dark
ones.

Then sew together a rectangular block
so that when placed before you with the
long way up and down the colors will be
in the following order: At the top, run-
ping across is a black stripe, next 13de

it _ a white one. then another black one.
'At the "bottom the stripes, m upt'and

   

 

 

 

THE M to Pi iGA N' iFA‘R ME R

down instead of sidewise, with the ends
sewed to the under side of the third
black stripe running crosswise. Put the
black stripe at the left of the bottom and
the light one at the right. Now make
another rectangular block identical with
the one just described and then turn it
with the bottom end up and place to the
right of the first rectangular block. Now
the firSt dark strip cut five times as long
as broad, is placed between these two
rectangular blocks and sewn to them.
If these directions are carefully followed
the resulting block will be your swastika.

To make a light-colored patch swas—
tika On a dark background, reverse the
colors. That is, one long, light strip. six
short light ones and four short dark
ones.

One large patch with a border around
will do for a cushion. To make a quilt
they may be set together with plain
pieces alternating, or sash-work. but a.
very pretty effect is attained by alter-
nating light and dark swastikas to com-
plete the quilt.

CONTRIBUTED RECIPES.
(We do not pay for recipes).

A three-layer sandwich is made as fol-
lows: Slice white bread thin and spread
with butter. Use brown bread for the
inner layer and ginger mixed with cream
(prepared ginger in cans should be used).
Spread this and chopped English walnuts
on both sides of the brown bread and
add a second slice of white bread.

Pineapple Jelly.——Pare a medium-sized
pineapple. grate and add to it one quart
of water. Boil for 15 minutes. Add one
and a half cups of sugar and two-thirds
of a cup of gelatine diSsolved in a little
cold water. Strain through a floured
bag. put in a pineapple mold and set in
a cold place.

Parsnips and Irish Potatoes—Boil pars-
nips in slightly salted water, and when
nearly done take them off and slice them
in circles; place a layer in a baking dish
and them upon this a layer of thinly slic-

ed, partially boiled Irish potatoes; con-
tinue the process until the pan is full;
pepper slightly and add several good-

sized lumps of butter; partly fill the dish
with cream or milk, and put in and bake
till both vegetables are well done.

FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.

Our large FashiOn Book—containing 92
pages illustrating over 700 of the season's
latest styles. and devoting several pages
to embroidery designs, will be sent to any
address on receipt of 10 cents.

 

 

 

 

N0. WOO—Fancy blouse, 34 to 40 bust.
With long or elbow sleeves, with or with-
out frills and chemisette.

No. 7677——Fancy waist, 34 to 40 bust.
With fitted lining, long or elbow sleeves,
round or square neck.

No. 7635—Fancy blouse, 34 to 40 bust.
With or without chemisette, tie ends and
cuffs, with Robespierre collar that can be
made high or low.

No. 74TI—Four-piece envelope skirt, 22
to 30 waist. With or without plaited por-
tions. with high or natural waist line.

No. 7407———Girl’s dreSS, 10 to 14 years.
With six-gored skirt. round or high neck,
with elbow or three-quarter sleeves.

No. 7703—Semi-prlncesse gown, 34 to 44

bust. With three-piece skirt, long or
three-quarter sleeves, with or without
chemisette.

The above patterns will be mailed to
any address by the Fashion Department
of the Michigan Farmer on receipt of
ten‘ cents for. each.

 

\\

  

    

{5—527

Q—r/

Keep Railroad Time
in Your Pocket

“Railroad time’ ’ is accuratetime.
Railroads spend thousands of doi-
larsa year to keep their employes’
watches correct. But few makes
of watches can meet the require-
ments. All South Bend watches
keep railroad time.

This is the watch that takes six
months to make and another six
months to test betore it is what
we call pocket-fit. Each must keep

rfect time in a refrigerator and
in an electric oven. Each must

“make good”
., under 411 in-
spections and
t h e m a s t e r
in s p e c t o r ’ 5
tests.

Yo u n e e d
such a watch in
catchingtrains.
keeping ap-

 

pointments in town, going in from
the fields for dinner, getting up in
the morning, and doing countless
things each day.

The South Bend is sold only by
expert retail jewelers—never by
mail. You get the jeweler’s regu-
lation with the South Bend. That
is important, for watches don’t run
the some for everybody. They
must be regulated to the buyer’s
personality. Ask the jeweler why.

Write for our free book, "How
Good Watches Are Made." It you
are going to buy a watch now or
in the future. you owe it to your-
Self to first get this book.

THE SOUTH BEND WATCH
COMPANY
42 Market Street, scum BEND, IND.

«Sigh-Jails”

uic y .-
Cleaned W1t ,

   

It digs right down into
the tiniest cracks and re-
movcs every particle of

keeps it sweet.

Many Uses and Full
Directions on Large

Sifter Can -— 10c.

grease. Cuts butter-rims
as nothing else can.
'Clcans the churn thor-
oughly, hygienically and

 

 

 

When Writing to advertisers lease state that

you saw their ad. in The

ichigan Farmer.

 


 

 

    

A natural food that strengthens and
builds up is' far better than any kind
of tonic or medicine for animals, as
well as for men. Scientists have
proved that this new food increases
the value of any kind of feed, when
mixed with it.

Buckeye Folding Molasses

helps make more milk, and keeps
your cows in good condition. It 1s
also a good fattener for beef cattle.

—Bucke e Feeding
MS Molassesy is relished
by horses. It keeps their stomachs 1n
perfect condition, aids digestion and
besides saving feed, prevents kidney
diseases, colds, etc.

-—Will keep your flock

 

 

For Slice healthy and well;

adds weight and makes finer woo
and more of it.

--M k h b
For "0 S hofifilmfiiirgé?

profits in pork.

GENTS a gallon in bar-
rels f.o.b. ‘ Detroit, or
170 freight paid to

any point in the U.S.

 

 

 

 

our Free Trial oiler:
Send this coupon. today and get our
test proposltlon.
W. l. EDGAR & son.
562 Lafayette Blvd.. :-: Detroit Mich
- — — — — — — - -

W. H. EDGAR a SON,
562 Lafayette Blvd. Detroit. Mich.

I have........................head of cattle...............

shoal-pun”............hogs 3nd..................homs

Send me your trial proposition to prove that
Buckeye Feeding Molasses will benefit all

'nHE MICHIGAN FARMER

  

filllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIHIE

I|IIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIlI|IIII|IIIIIIIII|II|||I|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII’IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII"I

Farm Commerce.

'Ié'lllllllllllllIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIII

LEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|II|I|IIIIIII|IIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIII|II||||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIII||II|IIIII|I|III||II||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIlIIIEII

Suggestions to the Beginner
in Direct Marketing.

The following hints may help the per-
son who is contemplating doing a direct
marketing business. Since these sugges-
tions come from those who have had prac-
tical experience in this method of mar-
keting, they should prove of assistance
to the novice by pointing out certain
things that it is eSSential to do, and by
cautioning him against other things that
if done might result in failure.

Correspondence—Answer all letters
promptly. Write plainly with ink on
good stationery and make your state-
ments clear.

Describing Products—Give as clear an
idea of what you have to sell as possible.
Regarding apples, the buyer would like
to know the variety, whether they are
hand-picked, comparatively free from
scab, rots and worm holes, the size and
color. Concerning eggs, he wants to be
satisfied that they are absolutely fresh,
clean and of average size. The important
questions about butter are that it has
no objectionable flavors, or smells, that
it is fresh, firm, of good color and that
it will be packed well for shipping. Space
does not permit a. rehearsal of the im-
portant matters to mention regarding all
kinds of products sold direct, but if the
producer will imagine himself in the posi-
tion of the buyer he is quite certain to
recall the particular things about a pro-
duct he would then like to know. If he
follows this rule he is quite certain to
make clear to the buyer the kind of
goods he has.

Prices: Asked—There is a temptation
on the part of the producer when begin-
ning a direct trade. to ask too high a
price for his goods before he has any rep-
utation with the: buyer. The men who

 

of them.
Ngmo ...... ... ........... .......

.R.‘F. D.........
P.08tete .....

 

 

"':/I
“Illa,

  
  

  

Don' t be content with skin
milk rofits from our livestock:
tthe eat of it al that Is due on.
I ust put your crass, cattle,a can

and hogs in condition to do
more work, produce more milk.

   
      

make greater gains in flesh. “at
is the secret of success.
easy! Just use

I ”Animal
Regulator
For forty macar- the standard stogk seals
“"53: f‘u-1b“’.‘°p.u,"“'."s‘.i'6
Keep on hand fora“

w Healing
Ointment

and Healing Powder.
Good for man or beast.1'hey kly

Stock

masq°g36 ”81M" 1?“ '1 2c
. In ma or
Bock “Your P“money If it falls"

Get Pram Prone“ Booklet.

FREE afleoduotsaroaoid by dealers svu'y-
PRA'I'I‘ FOOD 00le

THICK, SWOLLEN GLANDS
that make a. horse Wheeze,
Boar, have Thick Windo or
Choke-down, can be re-
moved with

—*

also any Bunch or Swelling. No

 

blister, no hair gone, and
horse kept at work. 8‘3 erbot-
tie delivered. B k 3 free.
ABsORBI E .13., liniment tor mankind.
Reduces Goitre, mots, Wens, Painful, Knotted
aricose Veins, Ulcers. 01.003111! 0.00 a 'tedbottle at
dealers or delivered. Book with testimonials free.

W. Fs YOU N6. Peo- For 26870le0 “I “Manila“. "‘3.-

SPECIAL

We are makings special proposition to six li-
able farmersin each county the Central St t.es

Royal ll ioated Salt is a guaranteed Worm De-
Its-(Igor a permine Conditioner and a Great Tonic.
raiser or dairyman can aflord

without it.p Write quick for the greatest proposi
tion ever made.
Royal stock Food 60., Newark, Ohio

 

get the big prices are those who‘have
been dealing this way for some time and
the buyer has learned to rely absolutely
on the goods. So ask a moderate price
for your first few consignments of goods,
at least. This will encourage the con-
sumer to buy of you and will give you
a. chance to show him that you intend
supplying a first-class article and mean
to deal with him honestly. Then, too,
the consumer will have to pay the trans-
poz‘tation charges. These you should as-
certain from your express agent, or post-
master and calculate the price you will
ask accordingly. An example. will illus-
trate what we mean:

_When eggs were retailing at 40 cents
in Detroit a party 100 miles up the state
furnished them to us at 32c per dozen.
It cost us four cents per dozen to have
the eggs shipped and the crate returned.
(Had they been sent in 30-dozen quantities
instead of 12-dozen, the transportation
charges would have been reduced to
one and one-half cents per dozen).
This enabled us to get our product at
four cents less per dozen than Detroit
prices, or 36 cents, which was an induce-
ment for us to buy. The person who
sold the eggs received four cents more
per dozen than on his regular market.
Thus, we found the arrangement mutu-
ally agreeable, and both are well satis-
fied to continue it.

Learn Transportation Rates—You can
call up your local express agent and ask
the charge on expressing a crate of eggs
or a certain amount of butter, or what-
ever product you are selling, to the city
where your consumer lives. Determine
also in what parcel post zone your pros-
pective customer is located. You can do
this by making inquiry of your postmas—
ter or rural mail carrier. Then, in writ-
ing to a prospective customer tell him
what the charges will be if shipment is
made by express and also by parcels
post. These facts will thus enable the
consumer to quickly determine whether
buying from you would offer him any
particular advantages. It would also show
him that you mean business by going to
the trouble of getting this information.

Quality of Goods Offered—You should
guarantee your goods to be a certain
quality and then you should see to it
that they absolutely measure up to your
guarantee. Don’t attempt to mix poor
goods, hoping to get rid of them all at

 

good prices. In the first place, such an

 

act is dishonest, and in the second place
you are certain to make a failure when
dealing direct with the consumer, for he
will have no one to lay the blame
upon except yourself; you cannot escape.
If there is any question in your mind
about the goods, don’t send them at all
to your direct customer, but get rid of
them in some other way. You cannot be
too particular about having the goods ab-
solutely as you guarantee them to be.

Making Collections—Do not send a.
second shipment of goods to a party un-
til he has paid for the first, unless you
are personally acquainted with him or
otherwise have confidence that he will
pay. It is a good policy to require re-
mittance for each shipment before an-
other order is filled. Should you have
fear about getting pay for the goods,
send them C. O. D., and the express
company will collect from the consumer
the price for the goods with the trans-
portation charges, and remit the price to
you, less a small per cent for the service.

"Weights and Measures—Give good
weight and measure. It is not necessary
that you cheat yourself by giving over-
weight and over-measure, but it is im-
portant that no stintl‘ng be done here.

Neatness.—Cit‘y people are in the habit
of having things delivered to them in
neat packages and for this reason it is
important that goods delivered to them
direct from the producer be put up in
clean containers.
regard. It will
for you.

Packing for Shipment by Express.—~Be-
cause of the dispatch with which express
must be handled packages are often giv-
en 1-0ugh treatment. It is important,
therefore, that all containers, boxes, bar-
rels, etc., used, be strong and capable of
standing this rough handling. Poultry
and meats may be sent in boxes; butter
can be shipped in boxes in cold weather
and in crocks or tubs when days are
warm. Apples will go in boxes or bar-
rels. Potatoes and roots may be sent in
bags, boxes, or barrels; celery should be
crated.

To Ship Eggs by Express—Pack care-
fully in strong egg crate, using ordinary
paSteboard fillers. Craltes of different
sizes to held from one to 30 dozen may
be found on the market. Experience
teaches that the eggs are made more se-.
cure and carry better if plenty of papers
are placed between the tiers of eggs, and
between the fillers and the walls of the
crate. If one makes his own crate he
should allow for this extra packing. It
has also been observed that less breakage
occurs where the eggs are shipped in 30-
dozen crates than in smaller ones, because
expressmen cannot throw them around so
easily. Fasten cover securely and ad-
dress the crate plainly, also give return
address.

Packing Goods for Parcels Post—The
parcels post regulations make it neces-
sary to pack goods in a particular man-
ner before they can be mailed. We give
below directions for packing eggs for
shipment by parcels post. For shipping
other products we w0uld suggest that
you send to the Post Office Depart-
ment, Washington, D. C., asking “1‘ Par-
cels Post Regulations, which will be fur-
nished you free. On page 15 of these
regulations will be found directions for
packing other products. Your postmaster
may also be able to furnish you with
these regulations by making request of
him, or tell you how to pack any par-
ticular product you may wish to send by
parcels post: Study these regulations
carefully that you may not be disappoint-
ed or embarrassed in shipping your goods.

To Ship Eggs by Parcels Post.-—Forlo-
cal delivery eggs must be packed in
basket or other container so as to pre-
vent damage to other mail in case of
breakage. Eggs will be accepted for
mailing regardless of distance when each
egg is wrapped separately and surround-
ed with excelsior, cotton, or other suit,
able material], and packed in container
made of double corrugated pasteboard,
metal, wood or other suitable material,
in such manner as to place each egg on

\

help get more business

 

. aw «f .,.~ - i

. board, metal,

Exercise care in this-

APRIL 26,’ 1913. .

its end and to-rprevent them from strike;
ing together or against the containers”

The container must be covered with an

outer cover of double corrugated paste-y
wood or other suitable mas .

terial and wrapped so that nothing can.
escape from the package. The parcel or
basket must be labeled ”Eggs." Address
plainly. .
To start with this may appear as quite

an undertaking but once you become :tga

miller with the practice it will ht:

 

more We than the present systéthffl

marketing, and much more profitable.
fi—h—-———_

 

WHERE can or DISTRIBUTION cm

BE REDUCED.

 

N. P. Hull, of Eaton county, Michigan,
struck"a key-note in the recent First
National Conference on Marketing and
Farm Credits held in Chicago. One of
the chief objects of the conference was
to devise a plan by 'which producers may
get their products tothe consumerwith-
out feeding so many middlemen.

Mr. Hull, who probably made the short-
est and at the same time the most point-
ed speech of the conference, said that
recently he had seen in the street of a
town of 10,000 population no less than 12
milkmen delivering milk to patrons. Fol—
lowing up the scent he discovered that
the same men trailed practically all of
the streets of the town, some of them
traveling several blocks before delivering
more than a single: bottle of milk. Here
were 12 men each getting a profit where
one good distributing concern properly
routing the town could handle the whole
business with but a single profit.

Several of the speakers at the confer-
ence, among whom were someof the
best posted and most able talkers at farm
meetings, pointed to the fact that in or-
der to handle the distribution of farm
products without unnecessary waste it
would be as desirable to organize the
consumers as the producers and any plan
that does not take in the rights of the
consumer as well as the producer was
doomed to utter failure. The milk con-
sumers of a. Michigan town are looking
forward to an organization to meet this
very question. In South Haven, Mich.,
each of the local merchants were running
a wagon to deliver goods. The merchants

organized a plan by which one delivering

concern handled the delivery business of
all the merchants. This man provided
himself with a kind of double-decked ve-
hicle on which he could properly route
the whole town. When he’d get off his
seat to make a delivery the parcel to be

delivered was the nearest at hand. This

proved e00110mical.

Business men as well as farmers can
well afford to give thought to the prob-
able asving in handling the volume of
business of a city like Chicago where
12,000 farmers ship in all the way from
30,000 to 40.000 cans of milk a day with-
out considering the big bottle shipments.

Illinois. J. L. Gimme“.

 

CONSUMERS’ BUYING ASSOCIATIONS.

 

We hear much about farmers combin-
ing to make shipments of wheat, corn,
liVe stock and other products direct to
consumers and to a single middleman,
but We hear little of consumers organiz-
ing to buy direct from the farmer. This
plan has already been tested with success
in England where many societies haVe
been organized to buy direct and in
quantities.

\l'lien certain farm products are selling
at almost prohibitive prices in certain
states or localities it would not be difl‘i-
cult for consumers to join themselves to-
gether and buy direct from the producer
in regions where the crop was large. In
car lots the freight charges would be
sufficiently reduced to make this manner
of buying entirely practicable.

In a certain year potatoes were selling
in Michigan for 30 cents the bushel and
in Minnesota for $1.25 the bushel. What
was to prevent consumers in Minnesota
cities from combining and buying Mich-
igan potatoes in car lots for division
among their members strictly for home
use? A permanent association could be
maintained with a secretary on a mini-
mum salary for time actually spent. When
certain products are required, members
will report the quantity or amount need-
ed to this secretary. He then makes in-
vestigations in regions of heavy produc-
tion, keeping in mind price, distance and
shipping rates. Orders are made for the

amount required, and on arrival the mem-
bers whose separate orders comprised the
general order are notified to call and get
their goods within a. stated number of
days.

This plan would go far to solve the

 

 
   

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

mung“, E MICHIGAN FARMER 17—529
question of high food rates in the cities. dressed poultry 1.079 cents per pound»; for BlflllEIS’ ”MCNRY. Dairy Bred Shoflhorn s‘fizflfig'

' The farmer would still receive as much

or more than by selling to dealers as at

 

5 present.
‘ Hillsdale ‘Co. 0. L. CHAMBERLIN.
COLD STORAGE.

 

The economics of cold storage is cov-
ered byarecently issued bulletin prepared
by Geo. K. Holmes, chief of the Division
of Production and Distribution, Bureau
of Statistics, Department of Agriculture.
The information Was collected from a
large number of cold storage warehouses,
both private and public, situated in all
parts of the United States. The com-
modities represented are fresh beef, mute
ton, and pork, dressed poultry, butter and
eggs. The subject of cold storage com-
modities in relation to prices is covered
by another bulletin, recently issued.
Months of Heavy and Light Receipts.
During the three heavier cold storage
months, (September, October and Novem-
ber), of the" storage. year 1910-11, 47 per
cent of the fresh beef placed in cold
storage during the whole year was re-

. celved into the warehouses, 59.8 per cent

of the fresh mutton, (August, September
and October), 59.2 per cent of the dressed
poultry, (November, December and Jan-
uary), 70 per cent of the butter, (June,
July, August, and sometimes May), and
79.4 per cent of the eggs, (April, May and
June).

In the lighter cold storage months of
the same year, February, March and
April, 10.3 per cent of the fresh beef
placed in cold storage during the whole
year was received into warehouses; in
May, March and April, 8.1 per cent of
the mutton; in May, June and July, 3.4
per cent of the dressed poultry; in Feb-
ruary, March and April, 2.7 per cent of
the butter; and in December, January and
February, 1.4 per cent of the eggs. The
receipts of fresh pork into cold storage
are Quite evenly distributed throughout
the year

Deliveries Out of Storage.

i; It was established in this investigation

that 71.2 per cent of the fresh beef was
received into cold storage in the cold
storage year 1909-10, was delivered with-
in three months after receipt, 28.8 per
cent of the fresh mutton, 95.2 per cent
of the fresh pork, 75.7 per cent of the
dressed poultry, 40.2 per cent of the but—
ter, and 14.3 per cent of the eggs.

The percentage of the year’s receipts
delivered in seven months is 99 for fresh
beef, 99.3 per cent for fresh mutton, 99.9
per cent for fresh pork, 96.1 per cent for
dressed poultry, 88.4 per cent for butter,
and 75.8 per cent f0r eggs.

An important result of this investiga-
tion is that the receipts of fresh beef,
mutton, and pork, dressed poultry, but-
ter, and eggs, into cold storage are en-
tirely or very nearly exhausted by the
deliveries within 10 months.

Carry-over to Next Year.

It is a matter of some consequence to
farmers and to consumers if the cold
storage of farm products results in car-
rying over to the next year of produc-
tion a quantity large enough to depress
the price of that year. From the natural
storage year ending August, 1910, 9.6 per
cent of the receipts are carried over to
the next year in the case of fresh beef;
the percentage of fresh mutton for the
natural storage year ending July, 1910,
was 15.1 per cent; for fresh pork for the
natural storage year ending April, 1910,
5.4 per cent; for dressed poultry for the
natural storage year' ending July, 1910,
7.7 per cent; for butter for the natural
storage year ending April, 1910, 4.9 per
cent; and for eggs for the natural storage
year ending April, 1910, 0.2 per cent.

Average Length of Storage.

The fresh beef received into cold stor-
age during the year beginning May, 1909,
was kept there on the average for 2.28
months; the fresh mutton 4.45 months;
the fresh pork 0.88 of one month, and the
butter 4.43 months. The dressed poultry
received during the year beginning
March, 1909, was kept on the average
2.42 months; the eggs 5.91 months.

Costs of Storage.

The report states that the owners of
cold storage commodities “must use good
judgment and take their goods out of
storage before the costs of storage, added
to the original cost of the goods and
some profit, will raise the total amount
of cost of goods above the market price.
It is a problem of the futre. ”

For the average length of time in cold
storage, as ascertained in this investiga-
tion, the actual costs of storage are: For
fresh beef, 0.997 of one cent per pound;
freSh mutton 1.564 cents per pound; fresh
pork 0.360 of one- cent 'per pound; for

 

 

butter 2.532 cents per pound; for eggs
3.505 cents a-dozen. ~
Fraction of Production Stored.

This investigation endeavors to arrive
at some tentative conclusions with regard
to the percentage of the national produc-
tion that enters into cold storage during
the year. The results of estimates and
computations make it appear that 3.1 per
cent of the year’s production of fresh
beef, commercial slaughter, goes intd cold
storage; 4.1 per cent of the commercial
slaughter of mutton; and 11.6 per cent of
the commercial slaughter of pork. Of the
farm and factory production of butter
during the year, 9.6 per cent goes into
cold storage, and of the farm and non-
farm production of eggs, 15 per cent.

Value of Commodities Stored.

A computation of the wholesale value
of five of the commodities embraced in
this investigation received into cold stor-
age during the year is ventured with the
result that the wholesale value of the
fresh beef received into cold storage is
estimated to be $15,000,000; of the fresh
mutton, $1,600,000; of the fresh pork,
$18,000,000; of the butter, $40,000,000; and
of the eggs $64,000,000. The total whole-
sale value of these commodities received
into cold storage during the year is $138,—
000,000 at prices of the year ending Oc-
tober, 1911.

The report contains a study of cold-
storage butter as a fraction of the sup-
ply for New York City, and a similar
study for eggs for Boston, Chicago and
New York.

It is declared in this report that the
results have been established by induc-
tive processes, and, in this respect, that
they are more or less distinguished from
results of investigations by state com-
missions which have had a narrow basis
of fact and have depended considerably
upon the academic processes of assumed
incomplete premises and upon deduc-
tions. The investigation negatives some
popular misconceptions with regard to
the cold storage business and substan-
stially sustains some of the assertions
made by cold storage warehousesmen.

PARCEL POST MAKING GOOD.

 

Although the United States parcel post
system has been operating less than four
menths, it apparently has given the pub-
lic a cheaper and more convenient means
of forwarding small parcels. Statistics
compiled by the various express compa-
nies for the Interstate Commerce Com—
mission show that for the months of Jan-
uary and February the companies lost
from 22 to 25 per cent of their business
in carrying parcels up to 11 pounds, and
this loss the express people ascribe to
parcel post. The above does not mean
that the introduction of the parcel post
system has saved the public from 22 to
25 per cent of the cost of carrying par-
cels coming within the prescribed limit.
but that the system was sufficiently at-
tractive to forwarders to divert from the
express business this quantity of goods.
The fact that the parcel post service is
still growing in popularity, among dis-
tributors would further support the con-
tention that it affords a more economical
service for certain lines than do the ex-
press companies?

Just how far the farmer .‘has been ben-
cfitcd by the system is a question. It is,
however, safe to aSSume that the great—
est benefit to him comes not so much
from a saving on what he sends to the
towns and cities as on the things re-
ceived by him from the centers of popu—
lution. In other words, a majority of the
products of the farm is so bulky that the
limitations prescribed in the act author-
izing the parcel post service are too nar-
row to encourage so sending them. For
this reason it would seem proper, now that
the plan has proven a success within its
present range, for farmers to urge the
adoption of rules or measures looking to-
ward the carrying of larger packages.
Such a ecurse would aid everybody by
cheapenlng the distribution of farm pro-
ducts. Within its present sphere of ac-
tivity it seems that the parcel post sys-
tem has proven its right to a place in
the list of public undertakings for the
benefit of the people,‘nevertheless we
should now go forward to improve it
wherever it can be made to render a
still better service and saVe to the people
a portion of that which is now expended
for parcel distribution.

Not until the farmer keeps an accurate
account with every crop and knows ex-
actly what he profits by producing the
different kinds, will there be any great
advance to a more economical agriculture.

 

r? “5" 1.4: w _\ as.» , .

 

 

CATTLE.
swine and

-- , ttle. Ihee ,
For Sala 5:132“! errant!” animals. 88152::
ed S t reed
eAxsl' :11 Davidvggodman. 800'1 y.11 roan. Paszaw. Mich.

Aberdeen-AnB mug. d
Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas kb r s an
Prides. onl is headed by Ego erton . the GRAND
0H HAMPIO bull at. the State. iWest. Michigan and
Bay City Fairs ofE1912 and the sire roof winners at these
Fairs and at. IENT ERNATIONA L. Chicago of.
1912. WOODCOTE s'rocx FARM. 'Ionia, M’Icn

GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,
YORKSHIRE PICS. Good Stock.
HICKS cums“ IAIN. Saginaw. w. s.. Mich.

IllEllllfiEY18 BIILL GAL ‘m‘dmhm

yearly records
418 lbs. of butter rec ively.
bargain mprlces. 18G. 441A.W G,ENT Water-vie t.M1ch.
BullI. read for service.
10 "03.50011" Yorkshire yhogs, the
Come or write. J HN EBELSJI 0. Holland. sMich.

GUERNSEYS—Bull calves. rem. tuberculin tested. Splen-
did breeding. Moderate priceI. Windomoro FIrm.W11ter-
vliet. Mich. J, K. Blntchford, Auditorium Tower, Chicago. lll.

HERENDRD BULLS Hill SALE 81533133.

ALLEN BROS" Paw Paw. Michigan.

llA'l‘Cll HERD llOLSTElNS‘l‘ii‘d‘fiifiiif’sfié‘i‘:

onable prices. HATCH HERD Ypsilanti. Michigan.

HOICE Bull Calves from A. R. O dams. Six-ed by
our herd sire whose dam and sire' s dam each made

over30lbs. in 7days E. R. Cornell, Howell. Mich.
A FEW CHOICE Holstelln Friesian Bull Calves
for A took.

GREGORY & BORDEN.a lHowell, Michigan.

F011 SALE-llilLSTElN BULL CALF

Born June 5.19 a son of the KingnofKo this

Pontiaos from a 1117:5113: of Hengerveld

Dam of calf, an A daughter of Sadie Vale

Concordia} a Paul DeKol, her dam 1120111 .lmported cow.
.LEWIS. Marshall. Mich.

OLSTEIN BULLS—well bred, at. reasonable prices.
HBarred Rock Chickens from 15 years breeding. Good
layers eggs 15 for 51. W. B. Jones. Oak Grove. Mich.

Purebred Registered
H OLSTE IN CATTLE

The Greatest Dairy Breed
for FREE [Huh-cud Booklet
Holstein-Frieda. Anon Box I“, Brnttloboro,Vt.

“Top-Notch” Holstelns.

_Yearlin bulls all sold. Choice bull calves from 2 to
71110.01 of fashionable breeding and from dams
with ofllcialr 1cmilk and butter records for sale at
reasonablep

lliloli'HERSDONe sFARMS 60.. Howdl, Michigan.

Holstein Bulls

3 to 8 months old,

$75 to $300

Don’t buy until you get our
pedigrees and prices.

LONG BEACH FARMS,

Augusta, Kalamazoo Co., Mich.

Sorvioe Bulls and Bull (iaivos

Sireo by Johanna Boroordia Champion,

whose sire's dam and dam’s dam average 34.06
lbs. butter in 7 days, average fat 4.67 % Also cows
and heifers bred to him. I can offer you bulls at
bargain prices. Try me and see. and do it quick.

L. E. CONN ELL,
Fayette. -

Bigolow’s Holstein Farms

Breedsvillo, Mich.
Have for sale several fine young
bulls out of cows with high oflicial
butter and milk records.

Send for circular.

FAIR LAWN FARM

Ofiers the following young

Holstein Friosian Bull

Prince Sarcastic—

Fine in form and breeding. Beautifully marked.
Sure to please you.

REED & KNOWLES, Howell, Mich.

EGISTERED HOLSTINE HEIFER—month old
from % poundA. R. O. dam and sire of fashionable
breeding, dark markings. nice individual. 2100 deliver-
ed. write for pedigree. Hobart W. Fay. Mason, Mich.

BUTTER BRED JERSEY 531%“

CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK g’ABM.
Silver Creek. Allegan County. MichiganJ

F Sal —Registered Jersey Cattle, tuberculin test-
or. e ed: bulls and bull calves: heifer and heifer
calves: cows with Register of Merit and Cow Testing
Association records. IRVIN FOX, Allegan. Mich.

Lillie Farmstead Jerse s
(Tuberculln touted. Guaranteer. free from uber-
ouloeiI.) Several mood bulls and bull oalvee out of

cows for sale No females for sale at.

mod aghast tief ti ' t
prmn 3 ‘0 On Bran 00¢.
com LOCN ..eriun Cocoonvfllo. Inch.

—BullI ready for service. bred f r
JOI'SOYS pioduction. Also cows and heifegs
F. D. No. 'LAnn Arbor, Mich.

Bull calves 4 to 7 months old.
an90 youn cows and heifers

B. Mo UILLAN. Ohilson.
5‘ 11111012. of Davis Crossing on A. A. B. B.

sLarge

 

 

 

 

Ohio.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Brook water Farm.

Scotch & Seoiohlop

1.1-9de1 can.”
Mich. ”h u n

 

' 8 ring bred
’ Se

 

 

at present. J. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan,

—La C ttl Hen Milken.
”I", ShMflIOfllS Mlli‘éeczrdfof allvc’owa kept.

N t kt is 1: en
"0° “9’13,“ Ki: £1538 u.’ No. 4 Watervliet. Mich.

Scotchw SIIWorihKorn Bulls and Heifers For Sail.

NAPP, Howell. Michigan.

sneer.
350

L ' .l —-Yearlin and ram lambs from Chain ion
.1008 a" flock of humb of Mich. Also select erk
shin swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont, Mich.

__ d .
u “Minnow" SHEEP ” 337239;;‘o'i’c15‘3en21i’lr‘31
PARSONS. mihfift'f-"Pi’tmfififi’. BRAND LEME, MIOH.

Hog. Bamobuilioi Shfloep. Pun Brod Poland China

HUGS and PER RON HORSES. A2“ miles
E...Monlce.onGTCR.B..UandM R...AJQ .00 OK.

SHROPSHIRES (‘5 DUROCS

KOPE-KON FARM. Kinder-hook. Michigan

. Hoes. ’

' ' ——A Desirable Bunch of Sows of
Dunc: & Victoria: Either Breed due A ti] and Ma. .
M. ’1‘. Story, R. R. 48 Lowell, Mich, ity Phone

Quick Motoringi Berkshim‘nm breedins: bosom.

Satisfaction guaranteed
or money refu ed. 0.8 S..BARTLETT Pontiac. Mich.

 

 

 

 

 

REGISTERED HA MPSHIREss
7 1 fine Ham, 3 Ewes & 3 Lambs. all for
C. D. WOODBURY. Lansing, Mich.

 

 

 

— i 6 to 8 months old. from
For sale Mlchigapn a oldest herd. Save money by
buying while Pyo Send for catalog and low
prices. 111.1) ouLfvER,° 9040.11: 132.. rum, Mich.

0 l 0 -Big growthy type. last fall gilt: and this
I‘ . spring furrowtooll’er. Very good stock.
Scott. No.1 head of herd. Farm 56 mile west of depot

TO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mich.
0.

Pi l. Ce SWIN riceon Spring

airs and trloe. not akin. ave a number
of serv ce malesA of good Rty Write me describing
of your wants. . DISNJI ..No 2 Don. Mich

Write me for

 

50W WEIGHED 932 LBS.
A 23 MONTHS 0 D

7‘ IONIA GIRL

I have started more breeders on the road to suc-
cess than any man living. I have thelargest and flu-
est herd 1n thoU .8. Every one an early developer,
ready for the market at six months old. I want to
filace one 1103' In each community to advertise my

erd Write for my plan,‘ ‘Howto Make Money from

H.038 " G. 8. BENJAMIN. much] 0 Portland, Mle‘h.

 

 

 

Extra choice bred gilte. service boars
and spring pigs, not akin from State
Avondalo Stock Farm. Wayne. Mich

o- 'l cl

E‘air winners.

0 I 0! —-all sold. Orders booked for April
I I sand Maypifisofthechoioestbreedmg.
C. J. THOMPSON. ockford, Michigan

0 l (:95 -All sold, will book orders for
o o - March pigs.
ALBERT NEWMAN. Mariette. Michigan
9 —Bred sows, March in pairs and
00 '- c S trios. Bufl Rock g238150per15.
FRED NICKEL R.1.Monroe, Michigan.
0 l C -Boars all sold. A few gilts of
0 0 extra quality, bred or op
GEO. P. ANDREWS, Dansv,ille Ingham 00.. nMich.
9 —All a growth and large. Males
00 l. C 5 ready. I00 to select tom. Attractive ricos
on young stock. J,UMP Mun1th, Mi 0
nunoc_JERSEYS-—Fall and Spring boars from
BXuze- -winning strains. Bows
all ages. SPECIAL 1N in summer
Brookwater Farm, R. F. ..No 7. Ann Arbor, 1&3

mus III 30' o BUT out-“3525:“ ii‘hi‘b’di’f'
Station A. Bay City, Mich. Route 4. Box 81‘.) '
DUBOCS BRED SOWS all sold. Ser1i<o Boers $40

hos. 50 January pigs .12 to 81), e1ther sox. Satisfac-
F. B. Cook, acuteZ, Stanwood, Mich.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

tion guaranteed.

llUllilC JERSEYS—BHED GILIS FOR SALE.

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.

ounoo JERSEY ours—12222.50: 9.1.2.313. $35.22?

Ipaytheexpress. J. H. BGAN HART. Lansing. Mich.
——B W

POLAND CHINAS 1339? EI€32°rmse$§IIE§E£

Prices right. W. J. HAGELB HAW. Augusta, Mich.

Butler’s Big Bone Poland Chinas

We have a low nice fail boars, also some big sows
bred for fall farrow. Our hogs are all cholera proof.
J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Michigan.

 

 

 

 

 

Big Typo Poland China Pigs #0333 $3532... 1135?

Rocks,$1per15. ROBERT NEVE, Pierson. Mich.

—Largest in Michigan. Bredgeilt'

ts
Large TYRE P- c- all sold, have some good
and Oct. pigs that have size, bone and quality. Wr to
your wants or come and see. Expenses paid if not as re-
presented. Freeliv.ery W E. Livingston. Parma, Mich.

-E h .
POLAND CHINAS 22952.21 :9 rig-w ”5.21::
P. 1). LONG. R. No. 8 Gran Rapids, Michigan.

9. c. 1101113 AND sausages-airs
A. A. WOOD Ar. SON. Saline. Michigan.
LARGE Yorkshires—Choice breeding stock. all ages,

not akin, from State Fair prize- -winners. Pedi-
W0. COOK R. ‘2 Box22..Ada M' ch.

Slop liaising Short Bodied Pigs‘ifigfe “flaw;
boars produce these For sale. WATER MAN 11%
WATERMAN, Ann Arbor. Mich, Meadowland Farm.

IIIIIIIIoIII modulus-12.2221? as oatme-
n.

furnished. CBIBBS BROS. Watervliet, Mich ga

Liiiio FarmsioaIi YUHKSHiiiES

lite all sold. Gilte bred for next August
rdmber pics either sex. pain and tries

anti
1111111.? eugeglvllle. Mich

 

 

grees furnished.

 

 

 

fart-ow.
not akicn

COLONe C.

 


‘ .433, r

“m new A «w» ‘

530-48 . .

[IElllllllll|||l|||llllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIIlllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllIIIlllIlllllllllllllllllllfl

Markets.

    

' T H E MI 0 “Hi—GA: N '1: A ,R, M E R,

FLOUR AND FEEDS.

 

Flour.-—Jobblng lots in 1,4; paper sacks
are selling on the Detroit market per 196
lbs. as follows: Best patent, $5.50; see-

; _ond, $5.20; straight, $5; spring patent,

E T $5.10: rye flour, $4.60 per bbl.

[L‘EIIlllllllllIllllllllllllllllllIIIHIIIIIIIIIIHHIIIIIIllllIlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllQJ] seem—Detroit jobbing prices in 100-
) sacks are as follows: Bran, $21;

GRAINS AND SEEDS.

 

April 23, 1913.

Wheat—The wheat market exhibited a
stronger tone last week than was an-
ticipated, although quotation changes
were within reasonably narrow limits,
both for cash and future contracts. The
situation in America is less bullish than
abroad for‘the growing crop here is de-
veloping under ideal conditions except
that there is a little fear of damage from
dry weather in the southwest unless rain
falls soon. From England and Europe
there comes a strong demand and it ap-
pears that the American market is about
the cheapest source at the present time.
Cargoes from Argentine have greatly
diminished during recent days and the
quality of the wheat from that country
is inferior to that sent out earlier. Can-
adian brokers are holding their stocks
for better values, which is forcing buyers
to come to this country. Roumania is
growing over a million acres less than in
normal years and France has a short
crop. On the other hand, harvesting con-
ditions in India are favorable, the Euro-
pean visible supply is increasing and
good weather prevails in western Europe
f0r developing what wheat is growing.
England is competing with the continent
for cargoes from abroad and this compe-
tition seems to give the foreign demand
a healthy tone. One year ago the price
for N0. 2 red wheat on the local market
was $1.14 per bu. Detroit quotations for

the week are:
No. 2 No. 1
Red. White. May. July.
Thursday . . . .1.081/1,. 1.07%, 1.08 1/4 92%
Friday . . . . . . . . 9 1.08 1.09 931/2
Saturday . . . . .1.091/2 1.08% 1.09% 941/4r
Monday ......1.09% 1.08% 1.09% 94%,
Tuesday .. . . .1.091/2 1.081/2 1.09% 94
Wednesday . .1.10 1.09 1.10 94%
Chicago, (April 22).—No. 2 red Wheat.
$1.07@]-091/2; May, 913.10; July, 913.90;

Sept., 90%0 per bu.

New York, (April 22).——No, 2 red wheat
$1.16 f. o. b. afloat; May, 351.00%; July,
990; Sept. 971/20 per bu.

Corn—Quotations show a. slight im-
provement for this cereal. The influence
of wheat undoubtedly was the greatest

factor, although there exists a normal
demand and the farmers are too busy
to make deliveries at primary elevators.
\Vhile the Chicago market on Tuesday
showed weakness, Liverpool cabled high-
er quotations. The Detroit market is

dull and firm and very little corn is be-
ing offered. One year ago No. 3 corn
was quoted here at 791/20 per bu. Quo-
tations for the past week are:
No. 3 No. 3
Corn. Yellow.
Thursday ................ 56 57
Friday 561/2 571/2
Saturday .................. 57 58
Monday . 57 58
Tuesday ...... 57 58
Wednesday 57 58
Chicago, (April 22).——No. 2 corn. 501/2 o)
57c; No. 3, 55@561/20; May, 55%,0; July,
56140; Sept, 570 per bu.
Oats—This cereal lost some of the

strength shown last week and quotations
now stand at the same figures as ruled
two weeks ago. The deal is easy with
a comparatively small volume exchang-
ing hands. One year ago standard oats
were quoted at 630 per bu. Local quota-

tions for the past week are:
No. 3
Standard. White.
Thursday 9 38
Friday .................... 39 38
Saturday 39 38
Monday ..... 38 371/2
Tuesday ......... 38 . 37
\Vednesday ........ .. ..... 38 37

Chicago, (April 22).—No. 2 oats, 331/20;
No. 2 white, 361/2@370; May, 347/80; July,
341/20: Sept, 341.40 per bu.

Beans—Although a further advance of
5c is noted in quotations for beans, the
local market continues sluggish with very
few transactions taking place. Immedi—
ate, prompt shipment and May beans are
all quoted at $2.05 pcd bu.

Chicago, (April 22).——\Vith the excep-
tion of white kidney beans, all the dif—
ferent grades show substantial increases
in price since a week ago. Pea beans,
hand-picked, fancy, are now quoted at
$2.55; choice, $2.25; prime, $2.15; red kid-
neys, $2; white kidneys, $2.50 per bu.

Clover Seed—Common seed has held
steady, while alsike shows a 50c advance.
This market has quieted considerably
within the past week. Cash seed is now

quoted at $13.25 and prime alsike at $13
per bu. _ . _
Toledo, (April 22).—TVith a diminished

call for seed, prices here have declined.
cash seed now being quoted at $13.40 and
April at $13.30 per bu. Prime alsike is
in better demand at an advance of 550
per bu., now being quoted at $13.10 per
bushel.

Timothy Seed.——This product is un-
changed in price with trade moderately

active. Prime spot sold Tuesday at $1.70
per bu.

Toledo. (April 22).—Timothy seed is
steady, cash being quoted at $1.70 per

bu. and September at $1.921/2.

Rye.»There is a fairly good call for
rye at the present season and the mar-
ket has advanced 10 since last week, No.
2 rye now being quoted at 630 per bu.

Chicago, (April 22).—Quotations for rye
are higher at this point under a better
dema d. No, 2 rye, 63@640 per bu.

Barey.-—Chicago, (April 22).—Values
are unchanged, the different grades rang-
ing in price from 46@69c per bu.

coarSe middlings, $21; fine middlings, $27;

cracked corn, $22.50; coarse corn meal,

$22.50; corn and oat chop, $21 per ton.
Hay.——Choice grades higher; others are

steady. Carlots on track at Detroit.
are: No. 1 timothy, $14.50@15; No. 2,
$12@13; light mixed, $13.50@14; N0. 1

mixed, $12@13 per ton.

Chicago.—-Prices are off since a week
ago. Choice timothy, $17.50@18.50 per
ton; No. 1, $15@16; No. 2 and No. 1mix-
ed, $13@14; No. 3 and No. 2 mixed, $10
@12; clover, $7.50@12.50; alfalfa, choice,
$17.50@18.50; do., No. 1, $15.50@17.50 per
ton; do. No. 2, $12.50@@14.50.

Straw.—Steady. Carlot prices on wheat
and oat straw on Detroit market are $8
8.50 per ton, rye straw, $9@10 per ton.

Chicago—All grades show a firming of
prices. Rye, $8.50@9; wheat straw, $6.50
@7; cat straw, $7@7.50 per ton.

DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.

Butter.—Nominally all markets are
about steady with last week although in
reality an easier feeling is apparent at
some points. Elgin is declared firm at
unchanged figures. Creameries in the
local market are quoted 10 higher but
this is only a belated advance made by
other markets last week. The general
tendency, however, seems toward lower
values, the only exception being
strength which packing stock is showing
in most markets. Detroit jobbing prices
rule as follows: Fancy creamery, 340
per 1b.; firsts, 321/20; dairy, 24c; packing
stOck, 22c.

Elgin—Market firm at 33c.

Chicago—Receipts are increasing here,
with prospects of a more rapid increase
in the near future, and dealers are shad-
ing quotations slightly in their efforts to
prevent accumulation. Nominally steady
and unchanged except for an advance
on packing goods. Quotations are: Ex-
tra creamery, 340; extra firsts, 33@331/20;
firsts, 3262330; seconds, 30@3lc; dairy ex-
tras, 3160320; firsts, 28c; seconds. 250;
packing stock, 12(w260 as to quality.

New York—This market-is reported un-
settled. Packing stock and the under
grades of dairy are quoted higher; other
kinds nominally unchanged. Quotations:
Creamery extras, 351/20; firsts, 3414760350;
seconds, 31/362340; state dairy, finest, 34
((1135c; good to prime, 33fi‘34c: common to

fair, 29@32c; packing, 2361271/20 as' to
quality. .
Eggs—The storage demand, which

calls for choice stock, is holding the egg
market firm in spite of continued heavy
offerings. The local market is in good
condition with the ruling quotation 1,40
below that of a. week ago. At Detroit
current offerings, candled, and cases in-
cluded, are quoted at 181/40 per dozen.

Chicago—Southern receipts are being
diacriminated against in this market
since the quality is such as to make
them less desirable than stock from other
sections. The demand for good stock
continues excellent, both for consumptive
and for storage purposes, and values show
little fluctuation. Miscellaneous receipts,
cases included, are quoted at 161/2@
173/40; do., cases returned, 166117140; ordi-
nary firsts, 16(017140; firsts, 1760180;
storage packed, firsts, 181/2@18%c.

New York.——Practically no change in
values. Market reported irregular. Fresh
gathered extras, 21c; firsts, 191/_)@20c;
fresh gathered storage packed, firsts, 19%
«0201/20; weStern gathered, whites, 20@
211/40.

Poultry.——-Last week’s Strong advance in
hens has disappeared with the special
demand which created it and the market
this week is barely steady under light
receipts generally. Quotations: Live.—
Spring chickens, 171/;@18c; hens, 171/2@
18c; No. 2 hens, 12@13c; old roosters, 120;
turkeys. 196L200; geese, 15@151/20; ducks,
18fi0200 per lb.

Chicago—Demand moderate and en-
tirely local. Fowls quoted lower. The
quotations on live are: Turkeys, good

weight, 150; others, 100; fowls, good. 160;
broilers, $3.50@7 per doz; ducks, large,
fat, 180; do. thin, ordinary, 1560160; geese
full feathered, 120; do., plucked, 8@100
per lb; guinea hens, $4 per dozen.
Cheese—New York flats lower; no oth-

er changes. \Vholesale lots, Michigan
flats. new, 131/2@14c; old, 161/260170; New

York flats, new, 15@15%c: old, 17@171/20;
brick cream, 14@141/2c; limburger, 18@190.
Veal.—\Yeak and materially lower.
Fancy. 111/260120; common, M0100.
Chicago—Supplies are in advance of
the demand just at present and the ar-

rival of warm weather is placing dealers S

on the defensive. Prices are a full cent
lower. Fair to choice, 80(0110-lbs., 11@
120: extra. fancy stock, 121/20; fair to good
chunky, 10@110.

l

 

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES,

 

Apples.——This fruit is firm and active
at last week’s prices. Storage goods are
moving out rapidly. Detroit quotations
now are: Fancy. per bbl., $2.50@3.50;
ordinary, 75c@$1.50 per bbl.

Chicago—The best grades of apples
are. firm at the recent range of values.
Common kinds more slowly and are hard
to place. Standard winter varieties, $2@
4 per bbl. for the best grades.

Potatoes—The run of potatoes is heavy
and the trade is slow and unsatisfactory
from over-supply. Values remain un-
changed. Michigan stock in .car lots, 43
@450 per bu.

Chicago—Increased receipts and a
drugged market crowded quotations down
last week several cents. Movement slow
but was improved slightly by the reduc-

' tariff schedules.

the

tion of prices. Fancy Michigan stock, 30
@380 per bu: best \Visconsin, 30@36c;
Minnesota, 30@380 per bu.

WOOL.

Boston—The local sales of wool here
are so insignificant as to .attract scarcely
any attention, especially since it is the
season when interest is centered in the
producing section and also because of
the attitude of Congress toward the wool
industry, it being anticipated that free
wool will be provided for in the new
\\'001 buyers and man-
facturers are anxious for the admission
of wool duty free, provided they can re-
tain a protection on the manufactured
article, which condition would enable
them to buy their raw material in a
world market and sell their product in a
protected market. It is predicted that
the removal of the duty will lower wool
values to the growers from five to six
cents per pound. There is already some
selling of wools in Michigan from early
Shorn lambs at around 20c per lb. In
the west a few transactions have been
made at prices substantially the same as
a year ago.

Grand Raplds.

Fifty sellers were on the city market
Tuesday morning and prices paid for
fruit and produce were as follows: Pie-
plant, $1.30 per bu; lettuce, 120 lb; cab-

bage, 30c; parsnips, 350; onions, 3 doz.
for 200; asparagus, $1.25 per doz; pota-
toes, 450; Baldwin apples, 900@$1. T-he

potato market is weaker, prices at load—
ing points dropping 36050. Dairy butter
is steady at 260, and fresh eggs delivered
are quoted at 17%0. Live poultry is in
good demand, with fowls and springs at
1460160. The mills are quoting grain as
follows: Wheat, $1.04; oats, 380; corn,
58c; beans, $1.70. Lettuce from green-
houses has doubled in price during the
past week and is bringing 120 a lb.

THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.

_ April 21, 1913.
(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,
New York Central Stock Yards,
East Buffalo, New York).

Cattle.

Receipts of stock here today as follows:
Cattle, 180 carsz chogs, 85 double decks;
sheep and lambs, 50 double decks; calves
1500 head.

\Vith 180 cars of cattle on our market
here today, nearly all cattle weighing
from 1100 lbs. up sold. about steady to 100
lower than last Monday. All the butcher
giades from 1100 lbs. down sold from 10
@200 per cwt. lower than last Monday;
lioweVer, at the close about everything
was cleaned up, and we look for asteady

to a higher markehfor the balance of the
week.

Werquote: Best 1350 to 1500-lb. steers
$8.80frt;9.10; good prime 1200 to 1300-16.
do., $8.75fu'8.85; good to prime 1100 to
1200-lb, do., $8.256j850; coarse, plainish
1100 to 1200-lb. steers, $7.25@7.75; medi-

um butcher steers, 1000 to 1100, $7.50@
8.10; butcher steerS, 950 to 1000, $7.25@
7.75; light butcher steers, $6.50@7.25; best
fat.C()\\'S, $6.75@7.50: butcher cows, $5.50
((70; light do., $450105: trimmers, $3.75@
$4; best fat heifers, 375065825; medium
butcher heifers, $6.50@7.25; light do., $6
006.50; stOck heifers, $5.25@5.50; best
feeding steers, dehorned. $7.25 (1,750; fair
to good do., $6.75@‘7; prime export bulls,
$7.25@7.50; fair to good do., $6.75@7; b0-
logna bulls, $5.75@6.50; stock bulls, $5.25
((06; best milkers and springers, $65@80;
common to fair kind do., $40@50.
Receipts of hogs today were fully up
to expectations, 85 double decks on sale.
Demand was limited for all classes, and
the general market 560100 lower. Bulk
selling at $9.50; few heavies at $9.40@
9.45, and pig weights, as to weight and
quality, from $9.25@9.50; roughs, $8.25@
8.50; stags, $7.25@8. Market closed about
steady, and a fair clearance was made.
The sheep and lamb market was active
today; prices about 150 higher than the
close of last week. Most of the choice

wool lambs selling at $9.40@9.50. Clip-
ped lambs mostly $8.25@8.50. Look for

about steady prices the balance of the
week. \Vool lambs about out of date.
The clips will have the preference from
now on.

Choice wool lambs. 3392;361:950; choice
clipped lambs, $8.25fi-8.50; cull to fair
do., $6.50fl-8.10; yearling wethers, clipped
$7.25fa.7.50; yearling ewes clipped, $6.50@
7; wethers, clipped, $6.50@6.75; handy
do., $6€r6502 heavy do., $6@6.25; cull
sheep, .3.50fl‘5; veals, choice to extra,
$9.50@10; fair to good, $6.50@9; rheavy
calves, $450606.

Chicago.
April 21, 1913.
Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.
Received today ..... 18.000 41,000 18,000
ame day last year.,22,198 65,585 23,439

Received last week..49,337 109,122 71,876
Same week last year.47,962 119,297 78,995
After unpleasant experience on recent

Mondays, country shippers acted more
cautiously, and instead of heavy cattle
supplies and lower markets, the run to-
day was small, so that sellers were able
to get advances of 100 in a great ma-
jority of cases, this applying to nearly
every description of cattle. Hogs opened
50 lower, and before the noon hour ar-
rived numerous sales were reported at a
dime lower, the top for the day being
$9.25. Hogs received last week averaged
245 lbs., compared with 242 lbs. a week
earlier, 228 lbs. ayear ago, 241 lbs. two
years ago and 229 lbs. three years ago.
The small offerings of sheep and lambs
made a stronger market, and some sales
were made a little higher.

Cattle have continued to decline in
prices for another week because of too
generous offerings coming on the'mar—
ket at a period when the consumption of
beef, in common with other meats, is
greatly curtailed- The warm spring-like
days. tend to lessen ,the desire for beef

, ,. ~ .'v"t,' '
APRIL 26, 1913;“ “if"
and mutton, and the great abundance of
eggs of choicest quality. which are of-
fered in the retail groceries everywhere.
at verylow, prices, renders, them highly
acceptable to families in place of the
dearer meats. Beef steers have been go-
ing mainly at a range of $7.90@8.85, with
sales of the choicer class of long-fed
heavy cattle at $8.80@9.25, one sale be-
ing made at the top figure, with not much
trading above $9. The cheaper class of
light steers, many of which were market-
ed prematurely on account of muddy feed
lots, brought $7.25@8, and pretty good to
prime yearling steers found buyers at
$8.35@9, few going around the top. Even
cows and heifers have participated fully
in the downward movement at last, al-
though they are invariably in brisker
demand than steers, and rectint sales took
place at $4.90@8.40 f0r butchering de-
Scriptions, while cutters Went at $4.30@
4.85, canners at $3.25@4.25 and bulls at
$5.25@7.75. It is generally expected that
as pasturage improves, the call for stock-
ers and feeders will show improvement,
but it may be set down as certain that
this outlet will be discouraged if the re‘-
cent high prices are charged by owners,
for they have sold for weeks too close
to finished beef cattle. Recent sales of
stockers were at $6.50@7.90, while most
feeders carrying considerable weight
found buyers at $7.400ii8.10, a few com-
mon weighty feeders going as low as
$7.15. Calves have been selling freely at
$5@8.90 per 100 lbs., with most of the
strength in choice light vealers, while
milch cows sold only fairly at $55@85
each. The average decline in cattleof
various kinds for the week, the best ex-
cepted, was 10@15.c, while the best calves
closed at $8.35.

Hogs have rallied on some days, recov-
ering part of their declines in prices, but
the prevailing tendency of the market has
been one of pronounced weakness, this
being brought about by the marked‘fall-
ing off in the eastern shipping demand.
Whenever this outside buying drops off
in any very appreciable degree, prices
are pretty sure to suffer, unless the re-
ceipts decline correspondingly, .and the
offerings have been as large as usual.
Demand centers still in choice light hogs
adapted for the fresh meat trade, with
medium weights selling next best and
extremely heavy packing lots slowest and
much the lowest of all. Prices have cov-
ered a wide range, with prime strong-
weight pigs selling especially Well. East-
ern markets have been getting more hogs
from their home territory, and there, as
well as elsewhere, the high prices are
tending to check the consumptiOn of hog
products to some degree, this being par-
ticularly true of cured meats, although
stocks of provisions are still much small-
er than in former years. The biggest de-
mand is for fresh pork. On the low day
of the week the best swine brought $9.10,
and closing prices stood at $8.70@9.30,
With stags at $9.25@9.50, boars at $3.75
(gt/‘5 and pigs at.$7.10@9. A week earlier
the best hogs went at $9.371/2.

Lambs have continued to comprise.
most of the offerings received in the
sheep house, and they are still the prime
favorites with buyers and sell high as
compared with former years, although big
breaks in prices have taken place re-
cently. Sheep also have taken a down-
ward course. the eastern dressed mutton
trade having fallen off materially of late.
Recent shipments of sheep and lambs
eastward from Chicago have undergone
a _ decided reduction, and this usually
brings about lower prices here, provided.
the receipts are of the ordinary propor-
tions. A close watch is always kept on
the Buffalo and Pittsburgh markets, and
when they are dull and lower, Chicago is
immediately affected. Clipped flocks have
been showing up much more extensively,
warmer weather encouraging owners to
have their holdings sheared before mar-
keting, and these offerings have met with
more favor from killers. At the close of
the week sheep and lambs were 40@600
per 100 lbs. lower than a week earlier,

wooled flocks going as follows: Lambs,
$6.50@8.75; yearlings, $7@7.75; wethers,
$6.10@7.50; ewes, $4.25@6.75; bucks, $5@

6; feeder lambs, $6.50@7.85.

_Horses were in good supply last week,
With the best representation of choice
animals yet seen, and there was a large
attendance of buyers from various places,
espeCIally from the east. Business was
much more active than during any pre-
v10us week this year, with sales at $300
per head or better no longer exceptional
and a gray gelding was sold to Swift 8;
Company for $500. A car load of prime
Kansas horses sold extremely well the
cheapest horse going at $312.50 ahd a.
gray fetching $387.50. while a pair of
browns sold at $685. Pairs of Clydesdales
and Belgian-Clydesdale cross ‘went at
$650 and thereabouts, and plenty of farm
workers Were sold on the basis‘of $1406!)
215 per head. while pairs of‘ choice farm
mares brought $425@450. Finished chunks
sold _s1ngly at $240@275, their weights
rUnning from 1,400 to 1,500 lbs., and in—
ferior horses were slow sellers at $85
@125.

-___
-—

Sheepmen of Tennessee and Kentucky
are in no hurry about contracting their
crop of spring lambs for future delivery
fully_realiz1ng that they are certain of
securing'extremely high prices.

An evfl of very long standing in the
Chicago cattle trade is the common prac-
tice of marketing much more than half
of the entire week‘s supplies on Mondéy,
thereby greatly unsettling prices and
playing into the hands of buyers. For
years there have been strong efforts made
by the live Stock commission firms en-
gaged in business in Chicago to reform
this evil, and the different buying inter-
ests have agreed to buy as freely on what
are termed the “off days” as on Monday
and Wednesday. the two .days when the
great bulk of the cattle come to market,
but it has been the common practice to

,fail to live up to the agreement, so that

the old order remains in .v0 He and ..
likely to continue indefinitely.g . is

 

.-¢

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

7 4m”, 1918.. I.

‘2..___

THIS Is THE Lao-r son-Ion.

 

In the first edition the Detroit Live
stock markets are reports 04! last week;
all other markets are right -up to date.
Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets
are given in the last edition. The first
edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-
tion Friday morning. The first/edition is
. mailed to those who care ,more to get the
paper early than they do for Thursday‘s
Detroit Live ' Stock market report. You
may have any edition desired. Subscrib-
ers may change from one edition to an-
- other by dropping us II. card to that eflect.

 

DETROIT LIVE sTocK MA—RKETS.

——————

Thursday's Market.
April 24, 1913.
Cattle.

Receipts, 1545. Bulls steady; all other
grades dull and 10@15c lower than last
week.

We quote: Best steers, $8@8.50; steers
and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $7@7.50; do. 800
to 1000, $6.75@7.25; do that are fat, 500
to 700, $6@7; choice fat cows. $6.50@6.75;
good do., $5.75@6.10; common do., $4.50@
5.10; canners, $3.75@4.15; choice heavy
bulls. $7@7.25; fair to good bolognas,
bulls, $6@6.50; stook bulls, $5@5.75;
choice feeding steers, 800 to 1000, $7@
7.25; fair do.. 800 to 1000, $6.25@6.50;
choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6@6.35; fair
Stockers,_500 to 700, $5.50@6; st-ock heif-
ers. $5@5.50; milkers, large, young, me-
dium age, -$65@75; common do., $35@50.

Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 3
cowa av 1043 at $6.25, 3 do av 1117 at
$6.90, 3 do av 1073 at $6.60, 6 do av 1028
at $6. 2 bulls av 1370 at $6.50. 11 steers
av 868 at $7.60, 3 h/eifers av 753 at $7, 11
butchers av 936 atl$7.25, 4 heifers av 680
at $6.25; to Breitenbeck 14 butchers av
1017 at $7.60; to Nagle P. Co. 2 bulls av
1675 at $7; to Hammond, S. & Co. 2 do
av 1210 at $6.75, 4 heifers av 700 at $7;
to Hall 8 stockers av 762 at $6.50; to
Nagle P. 'Co. 1 bull weighing 1280 at $7;
to Hammond, S. & C0. 1 do weighing
1240 at $6.75, 1 do weighing 1050 at $6.50;
to Mason B. Co. 15 butchers av 921 at
$7.65. 1 steer weighing 800 at $7. 2 do av
975 at $7.75; to Kamman B. Co. 8 steers
av 790 at $7.35; to Heinrich 8 do av 1104
at $7.80; to Newton B. Co. 2 do av 1160
at $8.25, 7 cows av 900 at $6.50, 1 heifer
Weighing 850 at $7.25.

Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 5
steers av ‘814 at $7.15, 1 cow weighing
1010 at $6.50, 1 do weighing '780 at $5. 4
do av 780.at $4, 1 bull weighing 800 at $6.
1 steer weighing 910 at $7, 7 do av 1090
at $8, 5 do av ‘732 at $7.75, 3 cows av
1083 at $6, 2 cow and bull av 1010 at $6;
to Sullivan P. Co. 6 steers av 908 at
$7.30, 2 bulls av 740 at $6.75, 2 heifers av
665 at $6.25, 4 steers av 855 at $7.25, 2
cows av 830 at $5.25, 1 heifer weighing
610 at $6.50, 7 steers av 973 at $7.75; to
Nagle P. Co. 2 cows av 110 at $6.25; to
Kamman B. Co. 13 steers av 970 at $7.65;
‘to Bresnahan 4 stookers av 443 at $5.80,
1 heifer weighing 750 at $7; to Breiten-
heck I cow weighing 880 at $5, 4 cows av
810 at $4.30, 1 do weighing 1040 at $5.50.
1 do weighing 890 at $5; to Nagle P. Co.
2 cows av 1080 at $6.25, 1 do weighing
‘840 at $5.75, 2 do av 1130 at $6.25, 2 steers
av 1085 at $7.60, 2 do av 1140 at $8; to
Schuman 16 butchers av 903 at $7.50; to
Breitenbeck 3 do av 810 at $7, 5 cowsav
960 at $5.25; t6 Sullivan P. Co. 2 do av
1130 at $6, 2 do av 835 at $3.75, 1 heifer
weighing 760 at $5, 1 do weighing 720 at
$6, 8 butchers av 861 at $7.25; to Mich.
B. Co. 2 steers av 1200 at $8.35.

Bishop B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co. 3
cows av 1077 at $6.50, 11 steers av 662 at
$7, 4 COWS av 880 at $5. 8 do av 1041 at
$6.75, 3 do av 717 at $6. 1 bull weighing
1300 at $7; to Thempson Bros 1 canner
weighing 740 at $3.75: to Hammond, S.
& Co. 1 cow weighing 690 at $3.50. 4
cows and bulls av 927 at $5.75;
3 cows av 866 at $4.50; to Parker, W. &
Co. 23 butchers av 772 at $7.40. 22 do av
935 at $7.75, 20 do av 7.69 at $7.40, 4
steers av 807 at $7, 4 heifers av 700 at
$6.50, 1 bull weighing 1200 at $6.75, 2
cows av 1085 at $5.50, 2 heifers av 785
at $7.25, 3 bulls av 1197 at $6.75, 21
butchers av 791 at $7.10; to Hammond, S.
'& Co. 6 do av 820 at $7.35, 3 do av 610
at $6.50. 1 bull weighing 1320 at $6.75, 2
cows av 1170 at $5.50, 8 do av 1106 at
$6.50. 3 do av 1073 at $4.50, 5 do av 1012
at $6, 2 do av 920'nt $4, 1 bull weighing
1160 at $6.75. 1 ox weighing 1580 at
$7.25, 7 cows av 1034 at $5.50; to Nagle
P, Co. 19 butchers av 987 at $7.85; to
Sullivan P. Co. 3 cows av 900 at $6.25. 1
do weighing 940 at $4.50, 1 bull weighing
1160 at $6.75; to Breitenbeck 20 steers av
980 at $7.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 2
cows av 1060 at $6.75, 1 heifer weighing
920 at $6.

Roe Com. Co. sold Nagle P. Co. 10
cows av 1130 at $6.75, 3 steers av 1266 at
$8.50; to VVy’ness 1 cow weighing 1010 at
$5.50: to Kull 6 steers av 771 at $7.85;
to Breitenbeck 6 cows av 1005 at $5, 1
do weighing 930 at $4: to Newton B. Co.
11 heifers av 756 at $7.25, 4 cows av 1022
at $5.25, 4 steers av 870 at $7.25, 25
butchers av 920 at $7.60: to Bresnahan
1 cow weighing 860 at $4.50; to Nagle P.
Co. 1 bull weighing 1200 at $7.25; to Sul-
livan P. Co. 12 COWS av 1105 at $6; to
Thompson Bros. 2 do av 825 at $4, 12 do
av 1010 at $6.25. 2 do av 1125 at $6; to
Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull weighing 1250 at
$6.75; to Newton B. CO. 20 butchers av
733 at $7; to Kamman B. Co. 12 do av
812 at $7.50, 4 do av 750 at $7.25, 3steers
av 900 at $7.35; to Nagle P. Co. 5 cows
av 1196 at $7; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1
bull weighing 1040 at $6.50, 1 do weig‘h-
ing 1080 at $6.50; to Bresnahan 2 cows
av 920 at $4. 2 bulls av 490 at $5, 3 cows
av 775 at $4. 6 butchers av 576 at $5.75;
to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull Weighing
1080 at $6.50, 3 cows av 860 at $5.35, 8
._ steers av 806 at $7.50. 28 do av 760 at
. $7.25; to Hall 4 feeders av 795 at $7.25:
to Sullivan P. Go. 13 steers av 1025 at
$7.75; to RattkoWsky 7 cows av .977 at
$6.10, 1 bull weighing 1000 at $7.85;1to

 

to CZISBY‘ '

 

Nagle P. Co. 3 steers av 1183 at $8.15. 3
-do av 990 at $7.66.

- 0 Veal Calves.

Receipts, 855. Good grades 500 higher
than last week; others steady. Best, $9
@950; others, $5.50@7; milch cows and
springers steady.

Roe Com. Co. sold Mich. B. Co. 8 av
125 at $8.50; to Nagle P. Co. 3 av 155 at
$9; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 weighing 140 at
$7, 4 av 145 at $9; to Nagle P. Go. 8 av
125 at $8.50, 3 av 170 at $6.50, 4 av 145
at $8.50, 8 av 120 at $7.50, 24 av 135 at
$8.50, 5 av 125 at $7, 15 av 135 at $9.25.

Sandal] sold Nagle P. Co. 10 av 132
at $8.75.

Spicer & R. sold Nagle P. CO. 3 av 145
at $9.25, 9 av 140 at $9.50, 1 weighing 110
at $8, 1 weighing 140 at $9, 50 av 145 at
$8.75; to Goose 3 av 140 at $9.25, 1 weigh-
ing 110 at $8; to Newton B. Co. 7 av
140 at $9. ~

Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson Bros.
27 av 130 at $8; to Sullivan P. Co. 10 av
130 at $9, 5 av 125 at $8; to Goose 35 av
128 at $7.50, 20 av 130 at $7.50; to Nagle
P. Co. 5 av 125 at $8.50, 9 av 138 at $8.75.
3 av 150 at $9.25; to Parker, W. & Co.
6 av 130 at $9, 2 av 125 at $8.50. 2 av
120 at $9, 4 av 145 at $9.25, 1 weighing
130 at $9.50. 4 av 145 at $9.50. 3 av 120
at $9. 6 av 135 at $9.25; to McGuire 6 av
135 at $8.75, 12 av 120 at $8; to Ham—
mond, S. & Co. 8 av 110 at $7, 19 av 125
at $9.50; to Newton B. Co. 44 av 135 at
$9.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 5 av 125 at $8.
12 av 130 at $8, 17 av 135 at $9; to Me-
Guire 6 av 165 at $9, 6 av 140 at $8.75.

Shee'p‘and Lambs.

Receipts, 4204. Market steady at Wed-
nesday and last week’s prices. Best
lambs. $7.50@7.75; fair to good lambs,
$6.75@7.25; light to common lambs, $5.50
((06.50; yearlings, $6.75@7; fair to good
sheep, $6.25@6.50; culls and commbn,
$3.50@4.50. ,

Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Co. 200
lambs av 65 at $7.25, 72 do av 85 at $7.60.

Vaughan Bros. sold Sullivan P. Co. 26
lambs av 60 at $6.

Bishop, B. & H. sold HammOnd, S. &
Co. 14'lambs av 60 at $6.75, 13 sheep av
105 at $6; to Sullivan P. Co. 12 lambs av
65 at $7.50, 17 do av 67 at $7.50, 73 do av
58 at $5.50. 11 Spring lambs av 48 at $10;
to Mich. B. Co. 54 sheep av 90 at $5. 42
do av 95 at .525. 14 do av 120 zit $5.50;
to Nagle P. Co. 31 lambs av 70 at $7, 80
do av 75 at $7.35, 162 do av 67 at $7.30;
to Bray 176 do av 73 at $7.25, 49 do av
48 at $4.50, 63 do av 55 at $5.50: to
Thompson Bros. 30 lambs av 55 at $7.25;
to Hayes 27 do av 45 at‘ $4.50; to Swift
& Co. 260 lambs av 78 at $7.75; to Ham-
mond, S. & Co. 14 sheep av 115 at $4.50.
4 do av 120 at $6; to Sullivan P, Co. 10
lambs av 61 at $6.50, 40 do av 55 at
$6.25, 39 do av 53 at $6.25, 10 do av 48
at $5; to Young 48 do av 68 at $7.35, 13
sheep av 100 at $5.50.

Roe Com. Co. sold Nagle P. Co. 56
lambs av 65 at $7.50, 4 sheep av 155 at
$5.50; to Barlage 31 lambs av 55 at $6,
8 sheep av 80 at $5; to Hayes 39 lambs
av 50 at $7.

Spicer & R. sold Mich. B. Co. 31 sheep
av 92 at $5.10, 7 do av 140 at $6, 5 lambs
av 75 at $8, 9 do av 60 at $7. 39 do av
50 at $8, 5 sheep av 70 at $4, 85 lambs av
60 at $6.75, 50 do av 55 at $6, 51. do av
60 at $5.75, 1'83 mixed av 58 at $4.85.

Hogs.

Receipts. 4805. No hogs sold up to
noon; packers bidding steady to 50 high-
er; looks as below:

Range of prices: Light to good butch-
ers, $8.90@‘8.95; pigs, $9; mixed, $8.90@
8.95; stzigs one—third off.

BishOp, B. & Pf. sold Hammond. S. &
Co. 2110 av 180 at $9, 670 av 250 at $8.95.

Roe Com. C0. sold Sullivan P. Co. 425
av 190 at $9. 75 av 220 at $8.95.

Haley &. M. sold Parker, W. & Co. 450
av 180 at $9.

9Spicer & R. sold same 360 av 185 at

Leading firms engaged in breeding
high-class cattle report a much improved
demand for breeders, both male and fe—
male, with sales particularly large of
Shorthorns, which are great favorites in
the country. One breeder sold over 80
head of Shorthorn breeders during March.
Prices are ruling much higher than last
autumn, and many farmers regret put-
ting off buying at a time when excep-
tionally low prices prevailed.

AllaliaLandsianale

Michigan hardwood out over lands. some improved
most productive virgin soil out of doors. three
bumper crops alfalfa per your. excellent for all grains
and grasses and fruit. Terms and prices easy to
attract quick development. Write

Thad. B. PRESTON, Unaway, Mich.

—to hear from owner who has good for;
warned for sale. Send description and rice.
Northwestern Business Agency. Minneapolis. inn.

FOR SALE 33:: Belgian Stallion

Sound and right in every way. Also a 3-year-old
JACK. Or will trade for other livestock and real

estate. Address W. G. Himmelwright. Frankfort.lnd.

 

 

 

 

—2 registered Percheron Stallions coming
For sale one year old. Both greys and good largo

fellows. M. A. EBAY. Okemos. Michigan.

We Want HAM STHAW

We get the top price on consignments. make
liberal advancements and prompt remittances.

Daniel IlcCaiirey's Sons Co.

PITTSBUIG, PA.
In.“ Inn-seam cone-n. er ween-hat.

HAY HE E. L. RICHMOND”;
'1‘ es
Man.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Detroit. -

  

   

THE MICHIGAN- F’AR'MER

 

   

 

 

 
  
   
  
   
  
    
  

Invest our savings and

Trust Bonds.

Banks.

and preferred stock.

given.

Engineers
Michigan Trust Building

 

U TIL! [ES COMPANY One Hundred Dollar Collateral

By doing so now your income will be 6% on the money
Invested just double the amount usually paid by Savings

These bonds are amply protected by sinking fund. Interest
will be paid by any bank March 1, and September 1.

Company successfully operates modern properties in .14
thriving cities of growing industrial and commercial Im~
parlance and is paying dividends on both the common

The net earnings are more than 13 times the amount

necessary to pay the intdrest on the bonds.
Investigation ls courted and any information cheerfully

We recommend the purchase of these bonds.

Kelsey, Brewer 8) Company

Bankers

buy flMERI CAN PUBLIC

Operators
Grand Rapids. Michigan

 

 

 

 

 

4“—

 

 

FARMS iliil FARM unus‘
run SALE nn EXGHAIEE

ow VIRGINIA FARMSI-iti’s'a’sna‘“;

Write Casssiman & Company. Richmond. _Vir.

 

 

 

UR NEW YORK IMPROVED FARMS—are great
bargains at present low prices. Send for free list.
McBURNEY & 00., 703 Fisher Bldg.. Chicago. Ill.

 

' and unim roved lands in Delaware.
FCdI'. Farms diversifie farming live stock. de-
licious fruits and ideal homes. For information
address. State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware

OR SALE—Choice dairy or general fanning proposition; 268
acres; 3 miles oust on Williaiusburg road. 20 minutes from

the capitol. Well improved. Plenty water. wood, fruit. mid 3
dwellings; 900 acres cultivation and posture. Safe investment.
Owner's address, H. D. Johnston & Sons. Richmond. Va .11. 2.

FOR SALE AT BARGAIN!

N S ald’in Dee Tilllng Machine. Not adapted
to con“:- He'll. $OU8EMONT FARMS. Detroit.

~2l7 ACRES. 8 miles Botha. beauti-
‘LBEBTA fully situated on lake, 118 acres culti.
vated. All tillnble. Black loam. fenced. crossfenced.
Excellent water. 2 miles school, house. stable 12. hon-
house, granary. etc. Snap $17 per acre. $1500 cash,
balance arranged. About this and other bargains
write George Grant, Herald Block. Calgary. Alberta.

McClure - Stevens Land Co.

Successors to A. J. Stevens & Co. Established 1883.
Farm. Fruit and Stock Lands. We own 20,000 acres of choice
unimproved lands in Glndwin and Clare Counties. Sold on
easy payments. Interest 6 percent. Write for information.

Gladvvin -:- Michigan

Western canada Farm Lands.

I ' ' ' oiiers you choice virgin
1h. Gunman Pacific Hallway wheat and mixed farm-
in lands throughout Alberta and Saskatchewan.
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6. P. ll. Land Dept. Hammond Bldg" Detroit.

 

 

 

CANADA lANn—Write for our 32 page booklet

. . containin 63 photographic
views, and statistical and detai ed information
about our lands in east central Saskatchewan It's
tree. The Waloh Land 00.. Winnipeg. Canada.

Literature will be sent to any-
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iul Sacramento Valley, the

richest valley in the world.
Unlimited opportunities. Thousands of acres available et

 

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smlllALIFUHNIA

.188 Acres, $1400 Cash Needed.

12 Cows, Machinery, Tools.

Immediate income from big dairy hord; term will

ay for itself in short time: in leading dairy county

ew York State; county's dairy products valued at
84.53111.le yearly: fertile Holds. easily worked. spring
and brook-wateredpasture for 20 cows, some wood
and timber, 110 fruit trees; 2-story T-room house, spring
water. big barn. other buildings: owner must retire;
immediate bu or gets 12’. cows. brood sow. 5 sheep. all
machinery an tools; price for all $3500, only $1400 cash.
balance on easy terms. Full details and traveling
directions to see it. and six hundred other good farms
in the best farming districts of the cast. page 33,
“Strout's Farm Catalogue 36." just out, write today
for free copy. E. A. STROUT FARM AGENCY,
Station 101, Union Bank Bldg. Pittsburg. Pa.

 

 

FOR iNFORMATlON AS TO LANDS IN

The Nation’s
Garden Spot-

Tlfl'l‘ GREAT FRUIT and TRUCK
GROWING SECTIQN—
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RAILROAD

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A. a i. Agt. for Florida. A. a l. Agt. for Virginia
Alabama. Georgia. and the Carolines,
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THE MICHIGAN
FARMER.
DETROIT, INCH.

       

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Easiest thing you ever did. The Mich
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THE IMICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.

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has»

 


     

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APRIL 26, 1913.

Wishing to Go A—Fishing. .
, By J. A. KAISER. '

I’m wishing to go a-fishing now, In grasses so wild and rank;

Where coves in the shadows lie; To cast for a. time here in the cove,

W'here sweetly from o’er the hillside’s And there in the eddy’s whirl;
brow Then on, and yet on, to idly rove

The song of the thrush floats by; O’er pebbles of gold and pearl.

Where over the bank the willows lean,

And silver the red-Wing’s song

Sounds sweetly and faint the shores be-
tween,

On zephyrs soft-borne along.

I’m wishing to go a-flshlng now,
And get, with my string of fish,

Yet nearer to Nature’s heart, somehow—-
That’s what in my heart I wish.

I’m wishing to breathe the free and wild
On margin of lake and stream—

To be for a day Dame Nature’s child,
And loiter, and muse, and dream.

’m wishing to go a-fishing now—
To idle along the bank
n sun and. in shade of bush and bough,

 

her they talked as happily as two pleased
children, and answered her questions
without hesitation.
b Would Mary come to school? Mary
(Concluded from last week). shook her head with a negative gesture,
When a white murderer is tried for a and glanced at \Villie, who answered:
crime, even when there is every proof of “No, I think not.” adding, with childlike
his guilt. or none at all, the proceedings frankness, “we go to town, next week,
are almost certain to drug along wearily. and be married, by minister."
Not so with the trial of \Yillie Rainbow.‘ {MiSS Melbye Offered congratulations. es-
The jury was druwn without comment or ‘pecially sincere from her' knowledge of
objection. The witnesses were few, With.the difficulty experienced in enforcing the
little to tell. Several Indians were called,’ civil laws of marriage and divorce among
who sat with grim. immobile faces and. ‘these irresponsible folk, who, although
g‘runled Out monosyllableS, or answered glad in most cases to assume the yoke of
evasively, through the interpreter, the: ‘citizenship, are loath to take up its at-
questions put to them. Several white tendant burdens. a:
men identified the. prisoner as the young k‘And what then?” was her next ques-
Tomah student whom they had seen‘ tion."“You really ought, both of you, to
With the murdered girl; this, With some ‘finish your school work. You are doing
details, comprised the testimony. '“ lso well, it is a pity not to keep on.”
The ”ism” I'efu"9d the Opportunity. " “-‘Yes,” said wuue slowly. "but I think
offered him to testify in his own behalf, we do better in Nebraska. Mary’s father
and ihe jury. after brief deliberation. re- have land there, on reservation; my fath-
turned a. verdict Of “guilty;” the judge er have land and much ponies. They not
pronounced sentence—“ten years impris- do well enough from it. I learned much
onment——” and \Villie Rainbow's trial was farming at Tornah. I think we do well.”
over. There were some expressions of .
surprise and diSapproval from those not Mlss Melbye was sure that they
in the agent’s confidence, but few white would. Then She ventured t9 'speak Of
People were sufficiently interested to her pleasure ‘md rehef at Willies free-
dom, and her regrets for 1115 unjust 1m.-

make comment. , .. f . t . n
School began at Sandy Plains the week prisonment. How un ortuna e It was,

after the trial and M-iry Fagle was she said, “that those white fellows chanc-
among the first to greet the teacher upOn ed to noflce 3:0“ With Ella. Green Grass
her arrival at the schoolhouse. At sight on the night She was murdered.

of her, the feelings of distrust and dread “we ”Stem“ calmly’ “"th‘mt 3,“
show of resentment. “That not me With

THE HEART OF A WINNEBAGO.

 

BY GERTRUDE K. LAMBERT.

 

Yes,

which had obsessed Miss Melbye since W” ‘ H, _ '
her visit to the agent, changed to pity, bf a Gleen Grass, he said (1u1etly, as a.
deep and sincere. \Vithout a ‘trace of 5mm“: statement 0f fact.

"Not you!” Miss Melbye was as much
startled by the admission as by the fact.

“I not with Ella Green Grass; I with
Mary. She no like me talk with Ella
Green Grass.” -

“Not you? Why, Willie, who was it?”

“You not tell?" he queried cautiously.

“No indeed! \Vhy should I?”

“That, Tom Decoraht He of my class
at Tomah.”

“\Yhy, \Villic!
Ella!"

\\‘illie shook his head in dissent, saying
ing day to give much thought to the
probable cause of her absence. Sitting
indication of any pleasure or gratifica- $110“ in the sc-hoolroom, after the Child-

ish vorces had drifted away into silence,

tion at the prospect. 1 h ' b N ,
During the winter Miss Melbye learned gay y omew.nd ound, leavmg a restful
peace to the teacher,

violent grief or tears, the Indian girl’s
checks were thinner, her eyes hollow and
mournful, ner lips firm set and unsmiling.
Miss Melbye's problem had lost none of
its perplexing qualities, but she formu-
lated one deduction: Evidently, the heart
of a Winnebago maid can ache sorely.
Once more, however, Mary became the
diligent student, and at the end of the
first quarter her teacher assured her that
she could easily finish the course in that
school by the end of the year, and should
plan to enter the Tomah school at the
opening of the school year in September.
Mary made" no comment, and gave no

And he stabbed poor

 

 

 

that “'illie Rainbow was to be given an-
other trial in the spring, which, she felt
sure, mean an acquittal, and the burden
of her secret suspicions grew correspond-
ingly lighter. Often she tried to brooch
the subject to Mary, but as often the
Words were silenced by a look from the
somber black eyes. Mary seemed to
take refuge behind a. barrier of reserve
that served to exclude all advances of
sympathy as well as curiosity.

Late in March school was closed for a.
short vacation before the final, or spring,
term; it was during this time that Willie
Rainbow was brought back to the county
seat for a second trial. Of the few white
people interested, probably none were
surprised, and at least one was profound-
ly relieved when the news came that
lVillie Rainbow had been acquitted and
set at liberty aftér eight months of im-
prisonment for a crime of which no one
believed him guilty. But Mr. Jones had
done his best, and if he had failed of his
purpose, it was his misfortune, not his
fault. The much discussed “Indian prob-
lem” of that sectiOn seemed still far from
solution, and, obviously, the earnest, well
meaning agent had, so far, missed the
key.

School reopened on a bright spring
morning, and Miss Melbye found a merry
group gathered on the school grounds
awaiting her coming, but Mary Eagle
was not among them. The day passed
without the Indian girl's presence, and
the teacher was too busy upon this Open-
ing faces of Willie Rainbow and Mary

 

Eagle. Side by side on the seat before

the weary woman
barely repressed a cry of surprise when,
without a warning sound, two figures
suddenly appeared in the open doorway.

After the first start of alarm came an
exclamation of pleasure and a hearty wel-
come; for she was looking into the smil-
gravely: “He not Stab Ella," then hesi-
tated and looked searchingly into the
white woman‘s face. “You not tell what
1 tell you?”

“You need have. no fear of my telling.
If you could suffer the long punishment
without telling, surely I can keep the
secret."

“Yes,” he said thoughtfully, “I suffered
puniShment.” Then he told, with a sim-
ple candor that left no doubt of its truth:

“Tom Decorah, he all time with Ella
Green Grass. llis squaw, she no like.
She heap—what you say—jealous. She

get very much angry. He no mind her—”
as he paused. Miss Melbye exclaimed ex-
citedly, “And Tom Decorah’s squaw stab-
bed Ella Green Grass?”

Willie nodded an assent, and she con-
tinued, “Oh, \\'illie! And yOu knew this,
and took the punishment!" '

“Me not Shut up long. They get Tom
Decorah’s Squaw, she be shutup long
time—maybe always,”he explained calmly.

“But, how c0uld Tom Decorah allow you
to be punished, when he, himself, was
really to blame? It was cowardly of
him!" . ‘

Willie made a graceful gesture of dis- .
sent. “T‘om Decorah, he‘ take squaw
away, very quick, in the night—back to
Nebraska." ' ‘


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I Ham-26.1913.

gs-

 

. TH '12” MIC H In A’N‘ 'F'A’R M E R

  
 

 

“She have little babee, now,”
teered Mary, softly.

Miss Melbye arose and took Willie's
hand, in her earnestness. “Willie," she
said, “it was grand of you! It may have
been wrong not to tell what you knew,
[Tut I honor yen for what you have done.
It is noble to suffer for the weak, and I
am sure that you and Mary will be hap-
py enough, now, to repay you both for
what you have suffered." And Mary’s
eyes echoed her sentiments, with some-
thing more.

Later, when the two lithe young crea-
tures walked away hand in hand, through
the soft spring twilight, Miss Melbye
stood in the doorway and watched.

through misty eyes, until they faded into‘

the gathering shadows.

“After all,” she mused tenderly, “the
heart of a Winnebago is just as certain,
and just as incomprehensible, as the
hearts of the rest of us.”

 

LEADERS IN THE COMMUNITY.

 

BY CHARLES H. CHESLEY.

In every community there are leaders.
and in no locality is this fact more pot-
ent than in the country districts.

A famous French writer has left us
this: “As soon as a certain number of
living beings are gathered together,
whether they be animals or men, they
place themselves instinctively under the
authority of a chief.” He might have
gone further and written that this leader
or chief is always one who has shown
himself better able to take hold of the
things within his reach, and who has
graSped that elusive quality called pres-
tige by simply using the nearest stepping
stones.

We look upon those men who are lead-
ing in the arena of politics, in finance
and in science as something apart from
and above the “common herd.” but they
are only filling the same-niche in present
society that the chief or medicine man
did in the stone age. In those days his
position may have been gained by brute

force, and today it is the same funda—
mental quality. It is prestige, and is
gained by doing the things immediately

at hand and doing them a little better
than somebody else.

If one fact could be drummed into the,
minds of the thousands of young men
and women who are still leaving the
farms becauSe “there are no opportunities
in the country,” the present-day prob-
lems of high prices of foodstuffs and the
perennial strike disturbances would be
largely solved. The place to do great
things is not away off in some other
place; it is right here at home. The
home town is the place to gain prestige.
The home tOWn is famishing for chiefs
and dealers, men who will put the newer
ideas of agriculture into actual practice.
The state colleges are sending out such
men, but so many of them adopt some—
thing a. little apart from actual practical
agriculture! One young man, scientifically
trained and engaging in actual farming,
is worth more to a community than a
dozen millionaires with all their taxable
property. Too often such a one is look-
ed upon with some degree of scorn by the
older School of farmers, but I have seen
several such become leaders by simply
demonstrating their fitness to lead. So I
emphasize the thought that it is not
necessary for young men to go away to
the city to gain prestige. Use the near-
est stepping stones and climb. Start right
now, young men and women, in the old
home towri.

A WHITE, BLACK BEAR.

BY C. J. HAM.

Lewis Murphy, a farmer living in Mid-
land county, in central Michigan, went
rabbit hunting one day during the past
winter and, while he had the experience
of his life, his lack of knowledge of ani-
mal life cost him a small fortune.

In an old hollow log in the woods Mr.
Murphy thought he might find a rabbit,
so poked in the hollow with a long stick.
A peculiar movement inside caused him
to investigate more closely, whereupon
he discovered a large animal curled up.
Hurrying to his house, he secured an axe
and additional help. Returning to the
log, he split it open and out rolled a.
large bear, pure white in_color. A blow
on the head with the axe killed it before
the dazed animal could wake up.

The ecstly mistake wasthis: Authori-
ties at the state museum, and others who
have later investigated the matter, de-
clare the bear wasa pure albino of the
black species. Albino types of an species
are rare enough in animal life. but an al-

volun- '

bino black bear is something almost un-
heard of. <Mr. Murphy had time, after
discovering the bear asleep in the log, to
return to his house for an axe and help;
he had time to chop the log open, and
time to kill the bear. Therefore, it is
conclusive that he would have had time,
had he known of the richness of his find,
to have nailed up the openings of the
hollow and saved this very rare speci-
men, which he could have sold to any zoo
or amusement company for hundreds of
dollars.

Unfortunately for him, he had never
studied the animal life about him. He
did not know that an albino was a very
rare specimen. A half hour of reading
on the subject, some evening after the
farm chores were done, would have been
worth more to him on this occasion than
a whole summer’s work. He did not pre-
pare for the occasion. Opportunity, the
greatest of his life, came easily within
his grasp, but he knew not how to value
it and it slipped away forever.

In every walk of life there is great need
to know a little about everything, and
considerable about those things not di-
rectly connected with our business, but
which surround it very closely. Farm-
ers, next to professional hunters and
trapperS, should make it part of their
business to know about all phases of an-

imal life, both domestic and wild. They
are constantly meeting animal life in
varied forms. Some day the “White,

black hear” of opportunity will be found
within easy reach and, unless they are
prepared, they will be blind to it and
allow it, or cause it, to slip forever away.
Vi'hen, on other occasions, they are not
meeting great opportunities, a knowledge
of animal life, apart from their knowl-
edge of horses and cattle, will prove a
pleasure and often a means of small
profit.

LITTLE FARM FABLES.

 

BY AUNT QUILLIA.

A Trial and a Tragedy.

A muskrat, having built her house in
the shallows of a pond near which a mink
resided, became very unhappy over the
fact that her offspring were not as hand-
some as those of her neighbor.

“Even in the eye of a parent,” mused
she, “their fur is comparatively coarse
and ugly and their whole appearance
lacking in grace and attractiveness, while
to strangers they must seem positively
uncouth. Indeed. I have noticed that ev-
eryone, strollers, hunters, trappers, and
even that poky old naturalist who haunts
these parts, are far more interested in
her family than mine.”

So much did she dwell upon her cha-
grin that at last her feelings gave vent

 

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Dept. AA, Detroit, Mich.

Tells you what paints

 

Boston. Chicago. Minneapolis. St. Louis.
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Lincoln. Salt Lake City. Spokane, Tacoma.
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Portland. San Francisco,
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\

 

 

 

to loud laments, and one day a wild duck
who frequented the pond swam over to
where she was grieving.

“Madam,” said he, “you have great
reason to congratulate yourself on what
you term the painful plainness of your
progeny. Instead of blaming nature for
this, thank her for being thus kind, for,
as I passed Mrs. Mink's I learned that
her whole brood had been captured and
carried away. Her home is desolate, and,
no doubt by this time the skins of her
darlings are tacked to rough boards or
unsightly barn doors, or, perhaps, are on
their way to the furrier's.

“One day as I hid in the rushes I heard
:1 couple of trappers discussing two fam-
ilies in the man-world. In one the rosy-
cheeked boys were so gallant and hand-
some, and the Winsome girls so graceful
and charming, that expressions of ad-
miration concerning them were heard on
every hand. Especially did the gay and
thoughtless, and even those without hon-
or or character, seek their company and
soon win them into their circles.

”One after another the boys went to
town and became resorters of the saloon
and gaming table, and lost all standing
among upright men. The girls, listening
to the. flatteries of base designers, also
left their country home and, ere long,
were classed among those without repu-
tation or virtue.

“In the meantime the plainer family
had risen in the regard of the better ele-
ment of the community. and were looked
upon as acquisitions to a. quiet and cul-
tured society.

“In concluding his remarks one of those
trappers said: ‘You know how it is, part-
ner, the finer the pelt the greater the
peril.’ ”

 

Hokus—Brownsmith was after a polit-
ical job for a long time. What’s he do-
ing now?

Pokus—Nothing. He got it.

h;

 

 

   

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anvEBNMENT Pool Ionl are

 
 
 
   
  

 

 

 

 

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booklet x. to 1. h . wine tod 510w
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Tn POPE MANUFACTURING 00.
49 Capitol Ave.. Hartford. Conn.

Also makers of Pope-Hartford Auto- '1

 

 

I10 YOU NEED FARM HELP?

We have on our Iistanumber of men wishing to
obtain employment on farms. Many of them are
Without experience, but they are able-bodied and
wil'lin towork. If on can make use of such help
write .or an order b unit. We are a philanthropic
organization whose object is to assist and encourage
the Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis-
sion to employer or em onee. Address.

“'estern Agencyo The Jewish A ricultural
and Industrial A (1 Society of New ork. 704
W. 12th. Street. Chicago. 111.

would you accept and wear a fine

YOUNG MAN tailor made suit just for showing it.

to yOur friends? 01' 5 Eli -on Raincoat Free? Could
you use 86 a day for a lit}. a spare time? Perhaps we
can offer you a steady 10b? Write at. once and at
beautiful samples. styles and this wonderful olfgr.
BANNER TAILOBING 00.. Dept. 32 1. Chicago.

 

 

ANTED FOR U. 8. ARMY—AbIe-bodiod. un-
married men, between ages of 18 and 85: citizens
of United States, of good character and temperate
habits. whoonn k. read and write the English

language. For nfcrmation a I to R ti
91333362.}: Griswold Street. Den‘gltl Mioh..e%r:dve:%

8 inaw, Mich" lat and 8 inaw Street .
"3111 West Main Street. Jggknon. Mich:

Flint. Mich
Quay Streets. Port Huron. Michigan.

Huron l

 

—Stock of General Merchandise
For 53'. in rich farming count in lower
Michigan. Present owners wish to retire. [lent or sell
building. Box D. 70 care Michigan Farmer. Detroit.

When writing to adver-
itsers please mention the

 

 

Michigan Farmer.

  


 

HEWO .
BELGIAN 8 ~

NEW IMPORTATION

We have given more than a quarter
century to importing breeding and dis-
tribution of the Belgian horse. We
handle no other breed and believe we
have now in this new importation of
stallions and mares an den of horses
that will please you, and all are for
sale at prices not equalled by anyone
in the business when merit is consider-
ed. Will be pleased to have you.ask
about them and to visit us at any tune.

H.& H.WOLF

Wabash, Ind.
HEWO STOCK FARM

 

 

 

 

THEI'MI’CHIGAN'V'FARMER

fl

   
 

llllllllllllllllll||ll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||l||lllllllll|Illllllllllllll|IlllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIE

Veterinary.

sill|llllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIHIIIIIIIIE
CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.

Advice through this department is free
to our subscribers. Each communication
should state history and symptoms of the
case in full; also name and address of
writer. Initials only will be published.
Many queries are answered that apply to
the same ailments. If this column is
watched carefully you will probably find
the desired information in a reply that
has been made to someone else. When
reply by mail is requested, it becomes
private practice, and a fee- of $1.00 must
accompany the letter.

  

 

 

Thickened Leg—Garget.—Last August
my mavre cut leg on disc harrow, mak-
ing a wound on inside of shin which heal-
ed fairly well, but left leg thick. I have
had it treated by two different horse
doctors, but to no avail. The leg is much
larger now than it should be, but it. is not
at all sorc. She is with foal now and in
good condition Otherwise. I would also
like to know treatment for garget in
cows. G. 13., Harrisville, ltIich.—~No mat-
ter what remedies you apply, you will
not be able to reduce the swelling very
much, but you may do harm. There-
fore, I would advise you to use no harsh
remedies, but ,wct leg with cold water and
apply cotton and bandage over it, leaving
the bandage on a few hours after she is
used. This will have a tendency to grad-
ually reduce the swelling. If you apply
a remedy, use one part iodine and ten
parts fresh lard occasionally. For chronic

 

Saginaw Valley Stock Farm

Importers of

Belgian and Percheron
Stallions and Mares.

Formerly of Decatur, Indiana. 15 Years Importers.

 

Just arrived with an extra good importation
of stallions from ‘2 to l years old, which we
offer at very reasonable and attractive prices

with guarantee the best. If you come with
cash or baukable paper we will try our best
to sell to you. We have our selling cloth on
every day in week. Write your wants or
come and see us.

ELI SPRUNGER 8- SON, Prone.
Boll Phone 292 l J—Z. Saglnaw. W.S. Mlch.

BUSY

EVERY DAY

SHOWING

STALLIONS

SELLING

AT THE,

LOW DOLLAR

SEE THEM AT

GEO.W. SflUE‘RS & SONS.

.IIUNTINGTGN. INDIANA.
(Stallion Service Book, 10 cents.)

A. A. PALMER & SONS

Open the season with the finest aggregation of

PERGHERD Stallions

 

 

 

and Mares

they have ever ofiered to the breeding public.
60 Head to select from.

P. 0. Beldlng, Mich. R. R. Orleans.

l

i PERCH ERONS

bred for utility as well as show quality. Stable
includes several international winners. Young

stock for sale. Oome. or write
B. F. ANDERSON. R. No. l, Adrain, Michigan.

 

 

Death to Heaven
. “Guaranteed or Money Back."
Coughs, Distemper, Indigestion.

. leWTouvsWfilflwercam

Large for Heaven.

- Beet Conditioner
. ' Expell -.

   
 

, At druggiets' or sent postpaid.

garget apply one part iodine and 1.3 parts
fresh lard; also give 1/3 oz. hypo—sulphite
soda at a dose in feed two or three times
a. day.

Chronic LymphangitismLameness. —-— I
have a horse that had lymphangitis a few
weeks ago; swelling has reduced consid-
erable, but the horse is quite lame. I
have applied liquid blister and given him
saltpeter, but he is no better. A.
McD., Millersburg, Mich—You made a.

mistake in applying liquid blister to leg.
llot water fomentations, then apply one
part alcohol and two or three parts tepid
water, this has a. good deal better effect
than strong liniments. Give your horse
2 drs. potassium iodide at a dose in feed
three times a day. Feed him well salted
bran mash. roots and mixed hay, and be
sure to exercise him daily.
Cough—Surfeit—Seedy Toe—Navel In-
fection—I have a cow that is troubled
with a cough, she also has sores on neck
and side. Also have a six—year-old mare
that lost her colt one year ago last Jan—
uary, has been out of condition since and
her fore feet are very brittle and flat. She
will also have a colt soon and I would
like to know how to treat its navel. F.
T., Carleton, Mica—Give your cow 1 oz.
0f ground licorice and 1,12 oz. Donovan's
solution at a dose in feed three times a
day. Apply one part oxide of zinc and
four parts vaseline to sores on neck and
side once a day. Stand your more in
wet clay
apply lanolin to hoofs Once a day. The
umbilical ctird should be tied with either
a silk or linen string that has been soak-
ed in an antiscptic, such as one part
carbolic acid and 30 parts water, or one
part carbolic acid and 10 parts olive oil.

Or in crude coal—tar disisfectant, then
apply any good home healing remedy,
Sllr'll as one part iodoform and 20 parts

boracic acid, once or twice a day.
Obstructed Teak—I have a cow that
just came. fresh which has a bunch in
one teat and another cow that has a
caked bag, affecting both quarters. Her
bag became sore two months ago and all
the inflammation seems to have left ud-
der, but little milk comes from this one-
half of her bag. Can anything be done
to make her give more milk? H. C. J.,
Sandusky, Mich—Apply one part iodine
and 15 parts fresh lard to bunch two or

three times a week. Nothing can be
done to increase the flow of milk from

diseased udder; however, you might; try
gentle hand-rubbing twice a day.

Rheumatism.—I am a reader of the
Michigan Farmer and quite interested in
the veterinary column. 1 have a. last
fall pig that is not thriving. shows stiff-
ness, soreness and pain in hind quarters.
It is not unusual to hear him squeal as
if he was suffering pain. J. “K, Vassar,
Mich—(live your hog 10 grs. of Slidium
salicylate at a dose three or four times
a day and apply one part turpentine, one
part aqua ammonia and four parts olive
oil to hind quarters every day or two.
Feed him more oats, oil mcal and less
corn. He should be kept in a dry, com-
fortable place.

i". '.l‘.. Hastings, Mich—The Vet. who
attempted to assist your sow in deliver-
ing her pigs, did perhaps all that anyone
could do, even if he failed to save her. I
myself have found it almost impossible
to successfully operate on some sows.
PrOper instruments are a great aid in
doing this kind of work.

Sow that Eats Her Pigs—In looking
over the veterinary column, I notice that
A. G., of Kalamazoo, Mich, asks how to
prevent a sow from eating her pigs and

1 galdly give you a remedy. J. V., Hud-
sonville, Mich.—~Just sprinkle common
vinegar over the head of sow and be

sure to wet her nose, and also sprinkle
a. little on her pigs, then watch the re-
sults. I cannot speak from experience
because I have never applied this pre-
ventative; however, I wish readers of this
paper who own sows that are inclined to
eat their pigs would try it, then report
results to me—Ed.

Contagious Scours in Calves—I wish
someone would tell me what will cure
calves of scours. We feed our calves
separator milk, prepared calf meal, and
it seems to scour our calves so badly

 

that several have died in the past four

two or three hours a day and,

or five years. Our neighbors all feed
separator milk and don’t seem to have
any trouble. We skim off the foam and
scald the feed pails often. Is this kind
of scours catching to the other calves?
We had one take sick and die and in a
few days the other took sick and I
thought that perhaps he became diseased
from the others. "We have tried a great
many different remedies, but none of
them seem to effect a cure. E. .,
Laingsburg, Mich—Acute contagious
scours in the new-born calves frequently
affects every one of the herd and the
calves seem to die within 24 to 48 hours.
I have known the disease to affect every
new—born calf that is dropped in the
building. It is important that the dis-
eased calve's should be kept by themselves
and the mothers of the diseased ones re-
moved. VVith the bowel movements there
is usually Some blood and the discharge
has an offensive odor. The disease
germs evidently enter the body through
the raw navel opening and if you will be
less careless in treating the navel of
your calves. you will have less scours and
deaths. Tie the cord with sterilized silk
or linen, taken out of a solution made by
dissolving 1 oz. carbolic acid in 30 ozs. of
water. The stump of cord and surrounding
parts should be washed with the follow-
ing solution: Iodine, 1/2 dr.; iodide potas-
sium, 1/2 dr.; water, 1 qt. When dry may
be covered with a. coating of collodion or
tar, each containing one per cent of
iodin. Whenever a calf shows any signs
of scouring, it should be immediately re-
moved to another building and the build-
ing it left should be cleaned and disin-
fected. It is not good judgment to have
the same man taking care of sound calves
and infected ones; furthermore, litter and
such like sh0uld never be mixed.

Sore Lips—“'hat is the cause and what
will cure sheep that are troubled with
sore mouth? These sores have very much
the appearance of a cold sore on a per-
son. \V P., Gagetown, Mich—Dis-
solve 2 ozs. borax in a quart of water and
apply to mouth twice a day.

Enlarged Fetlock Joint—One of our
two-year-old fillies cut ankle joint last
July; wound healed, but left joint thick-
ened and I would like to know what will
reduce this thickening. Mrs. E. C., Bea—
verton, Mich—Apply one part iodine and
ten parts fresh lard to bunch three times
a week.

Scratch'es.——For the past 30 days my
three-year-old colt has been troubled
with scratches and I would like to know
of a remedy. C. 1., Tawas City, Mich.—
.‘Dissolve 14 lb. sugar of lead, 14 lb. sul-
phate of zinc and 2 ozs. of carbolic acid in
1 gal. boiled and clean water and apply to
sores three times a day. Give him 14 oz.
Fowler’s solution at a dose in feed three
times a day. .

Stocking—4 recently purchased a six-
year—old mare and‘whenever she stands
in stable at day. she stocks in both hind

legs. M. B., Novi, Mich—Give her a
dessertspoonful of powdered nitrate of
potash at a. dose in feed twice daily.

Change her feed and keep bowels active.

IVeak Ligaments—The fetlock joint of
my five—year-old mare rocks at every step
and seems to be in and out of place. D.
A. DaB., Saline, Mich—Clip hair off and
apply one part powdered cantharidés and
six parts fresh lard once every Week or
ten days. She will be benefited by rest;

however, doing light work should not
hurt her. If you work her apply less
ointment at a time.

Scar and Fungus—I have a horse that
was cut with barb wire and wound seems
to be healing with a large ridge of proud
flesh in wound and I would like to know
what to apply to cut down fungus in
sore. H, S. 8., Midland, Mich—Either
cut off fungus with a sharp knife or ap-
ply powdered sulphate copper to proud
flesh only every day or two, or burn off
fungus with an iron at a white heat;
then apply iodoform lightly daily.

Worms—I would like to know what to
give a yearling colt that is troubled with
10ng round worms H. VdeB., Augusta,
Mich—Give colt tablespoonful of ground
gentian root, at dessertspoonful of ground
quassia and a dessertspoonful of salt at
a dose in feed twice a day.

Bone Spavin.—About five months ago
my mare injured left hind leg which was
soon followed by lameness. When start—
ing she walks on toe, but gradually im-
proves, then travels almost sound. A
neighbor, who is a horseman, tells me
she has spavin. F. E, L., Decatur. Mich.
_—Give her rest and apply one part red
iodide mercury and four parts lard every
ten days, or apply any one of the guar-
anteed bone spavin remedies that are
regularly advertised in this paper.

lmpaction—T’uncture.——On April 6 my
cow appeared to be perfectly well; on
the seventh we found her sick, giving
one-eighth of her regular milk flow, and
she died the following morning. She re-
fused food, but drank water; I gave her
two quarts of linseed oil, one quart at a
dose. I opened her after death and found
some stones, a tack, one nail and apiece
of tin in her stomach, but the contents
of bowels were fairly soft. Can I do
anything to prevent my other cows dy-
ing? J. 0., Maple City, Mich—You need
have no fear of your other cows dying,
unless they swallow foreign body that
will puncture some one Of their vital
organs. Your cow first showed symptoms
of indigestion, impaction of stomach, but
died the result of puncture.

Rheumatism.—I have some fall pigs
which I have been fattening and they
are ready for market, but recently they
have become stiff in hind legs and are
inclmed to have poor use of them. J. W.
8., North Branch, Mich—The quicker
you market your pigs, the better.

Breeding Question—Have a large brood
sow t’hat farrowed 11 pigs April 4-5, and
on April 6 she mated accidentally with
one of her last fall pigs; now what can
be done to abort her? M., Omena,
Mich.—'You had better leaVe her alone as
she may have a very nice litter of pigs
to this service; however, it is rather too
close in-breeding. '

 

 

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CURES MANGE, SCAB.
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Destroys All Disease Germs
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PARKE, n—mils & co.

DEPARTMENT or ANIMAL mnusrnv
DETROIT. MICHIGAN

 

War-ranted to am Sand-0mm.

Gorrrbault’s
caustic Balsam

‘ i

llas lmitators But llo competitors.

A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for

Our-b. 8 lint. Bweeny Cap ed Hooka
Sir-cine Tendonl, toun er, Win
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sh, Diphtheria. Remove. all
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A: a Human Remed for Rheu '
reme' , Sore Throat, £30., it is inflittim'.
very bottle of Genetic Bel m sold is
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testimonials, etc. Address

the Lawrence—Willlame 00., Cleveland. 0.

       

Saved I-Ilm $225.00

'Por spavln, splint, ringbone, thoropin, for swellings.
bruises, bony growths. and lameness, nothing in our
opinion has ever proved equal to Kendall's Spavin Cure.
READ THIS LETTER
ham 2. J. Dayton, Knobley, West VI.

“Two yeul ego the muscles at the point ofmy men's shoulder give
my, and three Veterinerlans told me she was mined; but I used Ken-
dall's Spuln Cure resenting to inetrnotlane and today I have returned
£5.00 (0; I?“ ring.“ Il claim! you nved practically the whole

oun . no r I most or eve chi i
and have found it wonderful.” ry as n the animal line I
H Price“ .00 a bottle or 6 for $5.00. Get our Book.
Treatise on the Horse”—Free at druggists or write us.

Dr. B. J. Kendall, Enosbnrg Felll. Vermont, U. S. A.

- -9-

’ MINERAL
, m , 'nozgounAvn

 

    
 
   

free _

Packs. 6 OURES an ease or none 1
£1 Package OURES ordixi’ary oases. Mingrgle {111151835
Remedy 00.. 463 N. Fourth Ave. PIttehurth’a.

 

 

 

 


 
  

  

 

 

 

 

     
   
 
 

  

- 1...... ins-isms“ «eases. .

 

 

Lari itis.—~When my 'two horses oat
gums???” Seem to cough considerable.
and cough some when trotting. W. D.
snake, Michu—Give each of your horses
1' 62‘." ground licorice. 15 dr.‘ pomlered

wopium and 1 dr. ground nux vomica at

a dose in damp feed twice a day. Apply
one part turpentine, one part aqua am-
mdnia and six parts olive oil to throat
once a day.

Heaves.—My 11—year-old horse has the
heaves and I am inclined to think a bad
ease. F. W., Suttons Bay, Mich—Feed
no clover, or dusty, musty, badly-cured
fodder,‘ and very little bulky food. His
food supply should be mostly grain and
if he is a ravenous eater, bed him with
shavings or sawdust. Give 1,5 oz. Fow-
ler’s solution, 1 dr. powdered lobelia, ye
oz. ground gentian and 1 dr. muriate am-
monia at a dose in damp feed three times
a day. He should be fed a good quality
of food and not overworked.

Stocking—Our local Vet. treated my
six-year-old mare for thoroughpin, blis-
tered her several times, which cured
lameness, but since then leg stocks, but
exercise takes it down. J. G., Selkirk,
Mich—Wet leg with cold water and ap-
ply cotton and a bandage over it, leaving
it on for two or three hours. Give her
a dessertspoonful powdered nitrate pot-

,ash and 1 dr. ground nux vomica at a

dose in feed‘three times a day.

Malignant Sore—Barren Mare—Several
months ago my colt cut leg on barbed
wire and wound has never healed. I
have also a seven-year-old‘mare that we
have failed to get with foal and I un-
derstand she has never been pregnant.
J. J. N., Lapeer, Mich.—Remove scab and
burn fungus with iron at white heat,
then apply one part iodoform and ten
parts boracic acid twice a day. Your
mare is barren; however, you might make
inquiry of a stallion owner as to best
method of getting her with foal.

Indigestion—VVeakness.——I have a 14-
year-old horse that fails to lay on flesh,
has a very heavy rough coat and is un-
thrifty., Our chickens dump around,
dragging their feet, walking knock-kneed,
some of them go blind and soon die. S.
A. G., Paris, Mich—Your horse should
be clipped, then give him a desse’rtspoon-
ful of Donovan's solution, tw0 tablespoon-
fuls of fluid extract gentian and the
same quantity of fluid extract cinchona
at a dose in feed three times a day. You
do not give enough symptoms of disease
for me to make correct diagnosis of your
chickens; however, I suggest that you
clean, disinfect their coop. increase their
food" allowance and discontinue allowing
them to roost in a draft. If their roost
has open windows, cover the opening
with muslin or cheesecloth.

Barren Mare—I have a nine-year-old
mare that has been bred for two seasons
and fails to get with foal. She has no
vaginal discharge and is in good condi-
tion. I also have anotherlmare 15 years
old that has raised a colt every year for
the past two years. but failed to get with
foal last fall. She is .also apparently
healthy. A. 8., Mt. Clemens, Mich.—
When she comes in heat inject her with
a soda solution made by dissolving 1 oz.
of bicarbonate sod-a in a pint of water.
She should not be bred for three or four
hours after this lotion is applied. Your
ot’her mare will perhaps get with foal this
spring; however, it will do no harm to
treat her the same as other mare.

Chronic Scratches—I have an eight-
year-old horse that has had scratches for
several weeks and I have been applying
medicated wool fat, but her heelshave
gradually grown worse. E. T., Camden.
Mich—Give your horse a tablespoonful
of Donovan's solution at a. dose in feed
three times a day and apply one part
chinosol and 100 parts water to sore heels
twa or three times a day.

Navel Infection.~I recently purchased
a ,mare due to foal May 14, but since I
bought her I have understood that her
three colts all died before they were five
days old. She carried all the colts 11
months. R. E. IV” Luther, Mich—The
colts die from navel infection and you
can perhaps save the next one by tying
cord with a string dipped out of one part
carbolic acid and 15 parts water. Also
paint end of cord with tincture iodine,
then apply one part iodoform and ten
parts boracic acid to navel and surround-
ing parts twice a day. »

Abscess In Throat—Have a cow that
had a bunch in throat which broke. and
discharged pus. How shall I treat it?
M. “1, St. Charles, Mich—Inject perox-
ide hydrogen into abscess once a day:
also inject one part tincture iodine and
ten parts water into abscess once a. daY.

Ulcerated Womb—For the past 18
months my cow has had bunches form on
womb and break and discharge pus. J.
A. L., New Haven, Mich—Dissolve 1 dr.
permanganate potash in a gallon of wat-
er and inject her, using not less than-a
quart at a time twice a day. Give her
1,9 oz. hypo-sulphite of‘ soda at a dose
night‘and morning. -

Lampas—Indigestion.—I wish you would
tell me whether or not lampas should be
removed from a four-year-old mare?
Have recently had her clipped, thinking
she was lousy, and have fed her ground
corn, oats and hay three times a day, but
she remains thin. Old Subscriber, St.
Clair. Mich—Nature produces a filling
of gums to protect incoming teeth, there-
fore, it is good practice to leave lampas
alone. Give your mare 1,5 oz. Fowler's
solution, 1 dr. fluid extract nux vomica
and 2 drs. fluid extract cinchona at a.
dose in feed three times a day.

Mange—I have a cow that seems to
have scurvy on right side and the cow
that stands next to her has it on left
side. I applied sheep dip, also washed
it with carboiie acid and water; neither
of these remedies have made an impres-
sion. J; A., thington..flich.+aive your
cows 15 oz. of Donmn's solution” at"- a
dose to each, of them in feed three times
a dar- iApnly. one port sulphur, 1,; part
carbonate 150th “and four ‘ rte fresh

I v

 

» gill!“IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllHIIIIIIIIIlIIIlIIIlIlIIIlIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllg

a Grange.

=

g g
EIIIHWIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIRWIIIWIMMMIIIWWMIIM

Our - Motto—“The farmer is of more
consequence than the farm, and should be
first improved." ”~

IIIIIHIIIIIII

 

THE MAY PROGRAMS.

 

State Lecturer-'5 Suggestions for First

eating.

Song by Grange chorus.

The farmers’ worst enemy, by a. man
and woman.

Recitation.

Humanitarian legislation in 1913.

Roll call responded to by each member
naming a plant whose name begins with
“C" and giving a brief account of it.

“Surprise feature."

Song, “The Grange Slogan."

Suggestions for Second Meeting.

A story, read or told.

Improved Methods of delivering milk,
by a. man and woman.

Character sOng.

Work of the Travelers' Aid Society and
similar organizations for assisting strang~
ers. a paper.

Ought we to mac lime on our soils? If
so, how much? Where get it? Answered
by three men. .

Humorous recitation.

Roll call responded to by each giving
experience with an unpleasant piece of
work.

Self-serve refreshments in charge of
men named

EXTENDING GRANGE USEFULNESS.

 

It helps much if we clinch in our
minds the fact that an organization is
only a larger individual! An association
of folks has the same liability to weak-
ness, discouragement, low aim and gen-
eral shiftlessness, and the same possi-
bilities of strength, courage, ambition and
execution that any man in the group
may have. .

One of our lecturers caught this idea
when she said: “I wonder if every Grange
is on probation in a. community for a
time?” Most assuredly, yeS! Just as
when a new man moves into the neigh-
borhood. At first all the neighbors are
expectant, waiting 'to see what direction
the new-comer will take. If he begins to
“slick up” his new premises, if he shows
a desire to make friends and to be in-
terested in his neighbors, these neighbors
look with favor and accept him. If, on
the other hand, the new-comer presents
a front in opposition to the established
order of the locality, or holds aloof from
it, he is not assimilated and the neigh-

borhood moves on regardless of his ex-
istence. Just so an organization. Us-
less it shows itself not unfriendly and

makes for itself a real, vital place in the
community, it becomes an excrescence—-
“a cumberer of the ground”—and is soon
counted as “a backslider."

Whenever a master enters upon a.
year’s work he receives this charge from
the installing officer: “You may en-
counter difliculties. Overcome them, re-
membering they are but opportunities .0
test our abilities." One of the chief
“difficulties” that any Grange is likely to
encounter is that of successfully adapting
itself to the changing needs of agricul-
tural people in general, and particularly
to thOSe needs in its immediate vicinity.
Fortunate is the Grange whose officers
understand this fact and who ask them-
selves, “What ought this community ex-
pect of this Grange?”

This is a fair question. A man who has
given much thought in this direc-
tion says: “Too many Granges do noth-
ing for the community where they exist;
they meet, talk, eat, buy binder twine
and go home again. As far as being heIp-
ful to any good work in the community
they fall. Henceforth we must lay great-
er stress on work for others."

Is it not true, as suggested above, that
many a. Grange is “On probation” when
it cOmes to this test? Many a, Grange,
too, that now flatters itself that it has
been a pretty-good-sort-of—a-Grange for:

years? Are not the tendencies of the
times to carry information to all the
people; to give repr entation to all

classes and to all in ividuals of each
class? Tru‘e, we have not reached that
happy state by any means but, if the
Grange is not sidetracked on’ the switch
of self—satisfaction, must it not exert it-
self actively in behalf of its neighbor—
hood? And who make up “the neighbor-
hood?” Not all its members are success-
ful, not all are strong and independent;
but scattered among the self-reliant and
capable farmers are men and‘women who
have been unfortunate or who have less
ability or forehandedness than others.
Should not a Grange seek to reach these
also? Are there not enterprises which the

stronger men . and women of the neigh-

THE MICHIGAN FARM'ER

borhood, already organized through the
Grange, can set on foot which will ulti-
mately help these unlucky or less capable
members of the community? Are these
not legitimate questions for a master to
put to himself and for a Grange to ask
itself?

At a. later time we will discuss some
of these Grange and neighborhood rela-
tionships at closer range and in more
concrete instances. JENNIE BUELL.

 

GROWTH OF THE GRANGE, NATION-
ALLY, DURING PAST QUARTER.

 

National Secretary Freeman reports the
number of Granges organized and reor-
ganized during the quarter ending March
31, 1913, as follows: »

Organized.

 

I 23—535

CLUB HISTORI ES.

 

The Texas Farmers" Club, of Kalamazoo
County.

The Farmers' Association, of Texas
Township. was organized April 8, 1907.
Its object is to improve its members mor—
ally, 50cially, physically and financially;
also to cause two blades of grass to grow
where but one grew before.

A history of this association must of
necessity be very brief, but inasmuch as
brevity is said to be the soul of wit this
article will at least have one merit. At
an informal social held at the residence
of Mrs. A. D. Jones, the subject of form- .
ing a Farmers' Club was talked over
quite freely and it was finally decided to
call a meeting for that purpose, this
meeting to be held at the residence of
Mr. J. T. Bright in Texas towuship. A
goodly company assembled and, after a
pleasant time spent in talking over dif-

' 7 . - ferent phases of farm life and with music
83331°Jféa.:::::::% $355832. ::::::::12 and some ..c........s, the company qu-
Idaho ...... . 2 Nebraska ..,.....10 ceeded to organizes Farmers’ Club. This
Illinois .....1 New York .......16 was done by electing A' L- Shaw presi-
Indiana .. .. 4 Ohio 4 dent; J- M- Davidson. vice-presuient;
Iowa. ' 1 Oregon Mrs. Mary’Allen, treasurer; J. '1‘, Bright,
Kansas 6 Pennsylvania ”121 secretary. An executive committee .of
Maine 2 \SOuth Dakota. ”'12 five was appointed: Vi. W. Allen. chair-
MArylandnuu.” 3 Washington 6 man, W- D- Gildea, Mrs- George Middle-
Massachusettsuu 6 Wisconsin 7 ton, Mrs. A' D: J‘mes' and D' Q Thomp-
Michigan» " 8 Wyoming 2 son. A committee of three was appomt-
Minnesota, """ ' ' 3 _ ed to draft a constitution and by-laws.

Total ........162 This duty was given to_Mr. and Mrs. A.
Re-organized' ' L. Shaw and. J. M._Dav1dso_n. At the first

Colorado 1 PennSylvania, 2 regular meeting this committee reported
Kans-is ' ........ 1 Washington a C0“StitUtl"ll and SEt 0f DY-Iaws that
Massachusetts-U. 1 ' __ was accepted and adopted without change
Ohio ' ' 1 Total ..........10 or amendment and was afterwards brint—

AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.
Brothers furnish Program and Dinner.
—At the last meeting of Emma Grange,
of Eaton county, the lecture hour was
given over to the brothers and they fur-
nished a splendid program, at the close
of which the sisters were invited to the
dining-room. where a Spread fit for a
king had been prepared by the men. Not
only was the meal prepared by them. but
the tables were set by the men and the
decorations were such as to elicit much
favorable comment from the ladies.
About 100 were present to partake of the
good things and they voted the men not
only royal entertainers but good cooks.
A Four-act Comedy Drama, entitled “A
Daughter of the Desert." was successfully
presented by a dramatic company organ-
ized by the members of Keene Grange,
of Ionia. county, at Keene Grange hall on
April 7. The local paper says of the per-
formance: “Each character was well
suited to the part, and brought out the
play in true Arizona style. Sammy Hop-
kins, Clurence and Lucy, received comin-
uous applause in their comedy parts. Sil-
vere, the villain, and Ruth, the daughter
of the deSert, were very catchy in their
acts, and the cowboys and Jim Parker
were “true blue." The house was pack-
ed to the doors long before the curtain
rose and. judging from the applause. ev-
eryone was well pleased. The play will
be repeated at Keene Grange liall Thurs—
day evening, April 17, and at Alto Grange
hall Friday evening, April 18. The cast
of characters included the following:
Verle Pinkney, Corwin Cahoon, Frank
DanieIS, Clayton Cahoon, Allie Knee, Er-
nest Pinkney, Evelyn Brock, Jeanette
Bunyan, Mrs. Addie Daniels and Elma.
Winegar.

 

 

COMING EVENTS.

Eaton Co. with Prospect Grange, at
Sunfield, Saturday, April 26,

ElllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllI|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl

Farmers’ Clubs

   

     

‘5 llIlllllllllIIllIlllllllllHI|llIHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllé’fl

I".

Address all communications relative to
the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.
P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.

Associational Motto:

The skillful hand. with cultured mind,
is the farmer’s most valuable asset,

 

 

WHAT THE LOCAL CLUBS ARE

 

DOING.
The Ray Farmers' Club, of St. Clair
County.——This Club is 14 years old and

has an average attendance of 60 to 75
members. Yearly programs are used,
Ten meetings are held during the year,
including an August picnic and a Club
Fair as special features. Good exhibits
are made at the latter and it has been
a succeSSful event in Club work.

The Green Oak Farmers' Club, of Liv-
lngston County—This Club has been in
existence 17 years. The Club owns its
own chairs, dishes and silverware. The
programs are prepared by a committee
appointed by the president. The ques-
tion box is a. permanent feature in the
meetings and creates animated discus-
sions. A picnic is held in August, gener-
ally in connection with two other Clubs,
viz., the Brighton and South Lyon Clubs.
This is one of the older Clubs which re-
maines enthusiastic in the work.

The North Marshall Club, of Calhoun
County, holds monthly meetings. The pro-
gram committee is appointed for a term
of three months. It is the policy of the
Club'to encourage the children to take
part in the meetings and the school ques-
tion is one of the main topics of dis-
cussion.

ed in pamphlet form.

Being placed on :1, sound basis the Club.
under the able management of President
Shaw, grew rapidly in membership and
has become a potent factor in doing much
good in this community. I think I may
claim, without fear of successful contra-
diction, that directly and indirectly. the
Club has boom the means of putting
thousands of dollars in the pockets of the
fruit growers of southwestern Michigan.

Under the able management of the
next president, \Villiam D. Gildea, the
Club made giant strides and became es-
tablished on a safe and firm basis, made
possible in a large degree by the co—op-
eration of the teachers of the various
school districts and the good work done
by scholars as exemplified in their edu-
cational day exercises. “'e also have
been very fortunate in having the moral
suppert and personal help of such people
as Dr. Ernest Burnham, of the state nor-

mal school, Prof. H. Gaylord Slocum,
Mrs. A. J. Mills and Mr. Jason VVood-
man, our governmcnt farm expert. That
we appreciate their help goes without

saying and much credit is due them for

our success. “'9 also have been very
fortunate in never having had. to use a
slang phrase. a “kicker" in the bunch,

but all have boosted to the best of their
ability for the welfare of the association.
W'e are firmly of the opinion that we
have been able to do much good and we
can see no reason why, under the man-
agement of our preSent president. Mrs.
Henry Walker, the future should not be
bright and promising, as it certainly will
be if hard work and hustling on her part
can accomplish it. The membership fee
is so small that it is no bar from joining
the Club and when we stop to think of
the great pleasure of our social meetings
and of the great benefit of the exchange
of ideas along the line of agriculture one
can not help but wonder why every town-
ship in the state does not organize 8.
Farmers’ Club.
Kalamazoo Co.

CLUB DISCUSSIONS.

J. M. DAVIDSON.

 

Good Meeting Desplte Bad Weather.—
The April meeting of the Washington
Center Farmers' Club was held at “Lawn
View” with Mr. and Mrs. John Pank-
hurst, April 11, with no postponement on
account of the weather. In spite of the
downpour of rain, which lasted from early
morning until two 1). m., the Club met
as per schedule, and a most enjoyable
time was the result. Our members who
live at a distance made Special effort to
be present, coming from Alma and Ash-
ley. The Club was delighted to Welcome
at this meeting our former members, Mr.
and Mrs. W. H. Ackley. now of Clinton
county, who made a long drive in order
to meet once more with the Club. Roll
call was responded to by giving a not—
able event of April. Little Bird Curren
is always willing to recite, and this time
delighted her audience as usual. The
question box for general discussion oc-
cupied the most of the time during the
afternoon. “Immigration, Liquor or
Trusts, which is the greater menace to
our National Prosperity?” This was led
by O. J. Campbell. followed by Mr. Allen.
Both declared liquor the greatest men-
ace and proved their declaration by‘good
arguments. A debate, “Restolved. that
moral suasion does more to check the
use of liquor than law." The affirmative
was taken by Mrs. Z. C. Crowell. who
made a good argument for moral suasion.
The leader for the negative being ab-
sent, several volunteers took that side of
the question. It was decided in the at-
firmative. The question box was well
filled. After these were disposed of the
Club adjourned to meet at “Highland
Home,” May 8, with Mr. and Mrs. F. L.
Cook. Those who were not at Lawn View
missed a good meeting.

Discuss Inltiatlve, Referendum and Re-
call.——The Putnam and Hamb rg Farm-
ers’ Club, of Livingston coungy, met at
the home of Mr. and Mrs.
Horn, Saturday March 22. The topic of
the day, “The Initiative, Referendum
and Recall," was brought up and ably
discussed by Mr. A. Schoenhals, after
which L. E. Howlett, of Howell, took up
the subject and gave a very interesting
and able talk on it. ”He pointed out many.
of the benefits but did not think It would.
be a remedy for all ills of our state; 7 ' '

E. Van

  


536~—24
IF.FEirbankS-Morse
‘Oil Tractors

 

   
     

   

Kerosene. Gasoline,
Distillate 15.25 H, P,

1 The power of 15 horses concentrated in a
single machine.

Easily handled—everything that requires
the operator‘s attention in easy reach.

Single Lever Control. This patented fea-
ture simplifies handling and makes stripping
gears absolutely impossible.

Economical. Develops more than rated
power on Kerosene. Gasoline or Distillate.

Engine is our well~known horizontal type.
used by farmers everywhere. Simple. De-
pendable. You can handle it from the start.

Details of construction and actual service
records gladly forwarded on request. State
size of your farm and general character of
soil. Ask for Catalog No.FM 601

Also build 30-60 H. P.

Fairbanks, Morse & Co.

Chicago Detroit

Put It In Your
Pocket

What? The money which the
wasted grain in your straw pile is
worth.

How? By hiring a Thresher which
beats out all the grain just as you
would do if you were separating by
hand with a pitchiork.

There is only one such machine. All
others expect the grain to drop out.

The Red River Special beats it out. It
saves all the grain. because it has the only
true and correct method of beating out the
grain. ‘

The Big Cylinder, the "Man Behind the
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and the uplifting Shakers don’t let any
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You worked hard to plant and harvest the
crop. Don’t let it be wasted.

Hire the Red River Special and put all the
mloney in your pocket and none in the straw
pi e.

Emil Steinke. Trenton. Neb., farmer.
says: “It has all other makes of machines
beat a mile."

Hire the Red River Special and save your
thresh bill.

Don’t pay double toll.

It is the only machine that beats out the
grain. Write for proof.

Nichols & Shepard Co.

Builders of "
Threshern. Engines and Oil-Ga Tractors

Battle Creek. Michigan

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

Run On Coal 011

Ellis Engines give more power on coal oil than
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80 Days Pm
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have patent throttle, giving three en-
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ay height. 30 days free trial.

uy direct and save money. Write
for catalogue showing 1913 models
with special prices.

ELLIS ENGINE COMPANY

111 unuen St. Detroit Mich. We my Freight

FACTORY PRICES
YOURS _..—(p

I"
J -"’ \\\ -/."-\

 

 

The famous WITTE
Gasoline Engine

for 43 years by .Witte,
master engine builder,now sold direct to you.
The standard engine of America, with every im«
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State style and also wanted. Address - ~

WITTE IRON WORKS CO.
2197“ Oakland Avenue, fun-no cltyLMo.

 

 

Til! mess! “new use or i ', ..

WELLIIi-BILLI’N-s;

use”; near snags
EBB

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him‘iiié’édfi 02min. ‘iidf’m; fl to}.

am .-"'I.t..'.i.§'!‘ E,

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5.1.4

R? i.

_: 0...:

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W“
N - ,

I
One of the extremely fertWileWanlleys ‘of Montana, about 60 miles ong lllwa Gales 7» . .

 
 

THE MICHIGAN," F'ARMw—ER

I r...” . a... .WWW. . ..._......

T HEW

H RIVER VALLEY

 

 

\
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in ”Madrid
lira/IR guiin' ‘ 4.
ii A‘ U
I illu\

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

rpm 26, 1913.’

 

all! A|R~COOLE D

c” . .,..
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Meets everytarming need. No engine made
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Your Wife Could Run II: 5

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There’s one for your own indi- - ,,- l
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A postal brings it.

in: wanna slain: ‘ '
386w. muuwii'g, In.

 
    
  

     
 
  
 
   

 

    
 
  

 

 

$ 90 FOR THIS
:DANDY GATE

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

.5).
a special lot built down , '0'9'0’0'9
to a low price, but are ‘ “0.0. .o.o.o.o,¢g .
full of the same qual- l "Aggy.”

ity. satisfaction and 00.9.0
durability which can

be obtained in an of our

 

 

 

 

Highly i

and 10 miles wide, situated in the south central part of the state

tween the Big Belt and Little Belt Mountains. This district has recently
been connected with the outside world by the construction of a new
railroad from Ringling, on the main line of the Chicago, Milwaukee & Rates on“ kind. Famed 0, galvanized. All sizes.

St. Paul Railway, through the valley to White Sulphur Springs.
Ofers Unusual Advantages

The country is new, so land values are low. There is also consid-
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The fertility of the soil, together with the mild climate, assures
large yields of wheat, oats, rye, barley, flax, clover, alfalfa and
timothy, also all kinds of vegetables and small fruits.

Learn first hand of these opportunities—Special low fare
settlers' excursions every Tuesday March 11 to April 29—Low
round trip homeseekers' excursions on the first and third Tuesdays
of every month via the

CHICAGO

Milwaukee 8: St. Paul

RAILWAY

This literature and full information will be sent free on request to

H. W. STEINHOFF, District Passenger WAgent
212 lilajestic Bldg" Detroit, Mich.

O. E. SHANER. Immigration Agent G GEO. B. HAYNES
750 Marquette Bldg. eneral Passenger Agent
CHICAGO

O

 

   
   

trlple-galvanlze . high-
cnrbon at”

The filling of this serviceable an ornamental gate is
extra close diamond mesh. Gate has strong frame, pat-
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Style E Farm Gate, illustrated below, is another
leader sold at a much lower price then asked for other

he

   
  

The best lumber dealer in your town has these
ates on sale. if you don't know. his name, write us
gor booklet, name of dealer, specxal prices, etc.

IOWA GATE co., 510lny It... Cedar Falls. In.
. , C.’

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A
T
l

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

i u \u i ' ”run-hm 9'12"”! ' 4",':.'.," "#0" “"‘W' I l “I W
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1‘1 1

 

 

 

 

 

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For all mot-mien: luctory.
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Also Lawn Fence and Gates
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DO“ 49 THB‘BROWN BBNCR O WIRB 00.. CLEVELAND. OHIO

Farm, Poultry and
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FA B‘M F EN 0 E
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large catalog is free.

 

 

 

 

helpii
lugs.

 

Every owner or prospective builder should have our

THE THOMAS & Alli! STRONG CO. 28 RJI..St.,London,0.

 
   

FRESH PURE AIR
FOR YOUR BARN

will keep it dry and at an
even temperature.

The best. and most. economical
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The Buckeye not only does the
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A handsome weather vane mounted
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with each one.

   

A

 

 
      

  

      
       
      

bond protects you. Costs no more than
90.54% run
A M_£_Ri_g N

   
  

    
  

 
   

   
 

      

ll book. The Ventilation: of Modern Farm Build-
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NEW ROOF FRE

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4| INCHES HIGH 2'
KITSELIIANBROSJMZIO Mandala!

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ordinary

 
 
  
  

 

 
       
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

unlimioiuring 00., chime.

  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    
   
       
  

Try your buggy before you buy. Don’t think of buy-
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H. c. Phelps. Pres. . ~

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My low, prices are only for the , .
actual user. — ‘ . , - ' - ‘
Write for free book. " "

 
 

\ ,

 

  

' 1913 B I m omo cAn'.~ .."~~‘+. :
Bldg - 00‘» maeemrc. « - / ‘ ., a: .. 4;... mil
.52 [1.2; h «5, W 1M, 1)}! ,1 ,— COMPANY : ' ‘W . «l5. :3! 35“ WW“ Wr.‘ {5
' ‘ "” P ,, ' . , 1 f" P») ...‘.S.tatlon, 3.2,. .' -' - ‘ '~

. ..- SEW; ~ n «:"i flu L; IV a n L C». ' “Minimal!" .