.m’mi‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





any“.





 





 





 





 





The ,Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





VOL. CXL. No. 19. l

Whole Number 3642.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, 'MAY 10, 1913.





Crown Gall and Its Control.





ROVV'lV \' gall is one of the diseases

found in orchards vineyards, and

berry patches that is a source of

considerable t10uble.It is known under

many names, such as “galls," “tumors,"

"root knot,” “hairy root,” “woolly root."





 





etc. .The disease is caused by a para-

sitic' bacteria which seems to be' well

distributed over the country. Not only





are all of the common trees subject to it,

but ber1ies, grape vines, and many her-

baceous plants and forest trees as well.

The diSease appears in many forms,

the most common of which is the hard

knot. The characteristic appearance of

these is shown in the accompanying pho—

tograph of the limbs of apple. These galls





In fact, young rapidly growing trees are.

more subject to attack than older trees.

The wounds caused by root grafting and

budding, and injuries caused by culti-

vation and borers offer a favorable place

for the entrance of the germs. With

grapes it is supposed that cracks due to

frost afford opportunity for the entrance

of the germs. Berries are usually set SO

close together that the disease will spread

from one to another. \\'l1ile the soilcar-

ries the germs from season to season, the

great source of infection, especially for

apples, is in the nursery.



Upon seedling and root grafted apple

trees in the nursery we find the hairy

root condition and galls of a soft nature.





 





 





 





 





 





Specimens Showing Effect of Crown Gall on Apple Twigs.





at first are small, nearly spherical masses

of succulent tissue. They usually appear

early in the year and continue to grow

throughout the season. Their growth is

slow and the galls often live for many

years. As they reach maturity they de-

velop a bark—like covering which becomes





dark brown, uneven, and warty in ap-

pearance. They are easily seen in the





tree when the leaves are off as enlarge—

ments of the limbs. The soft galls is the

form commonly found on the cane fruits

and many herbaceous plants. They grow

rapidly and form a fleshy outgrowth or

enlargement of the stem. This will usu-

ally decay and slough off at the end of

the season and then reappear the follow-

ing spting.





Another fo1n1 of the disease and one





which is very important 10 the fruit

grower is the hairy root. This is found

very commonly 011 peaches in the state





and to some extent 011 apples. In this

form there are no enlargements as in the

galls, but instead a series of small suc-

culent fleshy rootlets appearing at right

angles to the main roots. '\\'hen dry these

rootlets shrink up and become hairy in

appearance. They are often so numerous

as to completely cover the roots over. It

is usually hard to identify trees infested

with this form of the disease. They be-

come sickly in appearance and in some

cases die, when no apparent cause can be

seen unless the trees are dug up.

A Bacterial Diseaset



It is only recently that the real cause

of crown gall has been discovered as a

small bacterium This organism enters

the cells of the wood and stimulates them

to an abnormal growth which results in

the enlargement of the branches. Often





1'11 number of suckers spring up from the





gall, forming a, .“witehes, broom." The

bacteria will live in the soil as well as in

the wood, and hence young trees planted

in an old orchard may become infected.





     





 





O11 older trees the hard galls are found,

both on aerial branches and 011 the roots.

Tumors are often found around the crown

of the trees. The trouble causes a. great

deal of loss to nurserymen, due to laws

forbidding the sale of infected trees. For

this reason some dealers will cut out'the

galls and sell the trees, which galls us-

ually reappear latc'r. '_ '



There hue. been many diScusslons as to

the advisability of setting: out trees af—

fected with the disease. Careful investi-

gation by the government workers has

shown that it is not so serious as’is gen-

erally supposed. Some trees die while

others will entirely recover. The same

is true when only healthy trees ‘ are

planted out; some will develop the. gall

and die. In an experiment in which 23;”)

diseased trees were set out, 30 died, 7:1

entirely recovered, were diseased with

the hard form, and 69 developed the hairy

root.



It is always advisable to set

thy trees when





63





out . heal-

possible to obtain them,

and the orchardist should see. that his

nursery stock is not affected before he

plants it out. If an old tree which af-

fected appears healthy and profitable. it is

not recommended to remove it or even

to cut out the galls. as greater injury us-

ually results than is caused by the pres-

ence of the galls. lf the tree is unpretit-

able the galls should be cut out and the

surface of the wounds painted over and

disinfected. If this does not improve

the condition cut the entire tree out.

in the Case of Stone Fruits.



Of stone fruits the peach is the one

most seriously affected. The root system

of peach trees is often so affected that

the trees cannot be established. Never

plant out a galled peach tree. Remove

the badly affected trees as soon as the

trouble is noticed. Chetnies and other

Stone fruits have been known to be at-

tacked but never sexiously.





is





     





covery are also known with the stone

fruits the same as with the apples.

Raspberries and blackberries are often

very badly affected. The galls usually

appear on the same ground where af-

fected plants have been grown. Most all

of the grapes are subject to the disease

also. It appears here in two forms, as a

root gal], and as a. cane gall. The effect

of the galls is to stunt the growth of the

vineS. The leaves are frequently smaller

and show poor color. There are no re-

sistant varieties of grapes but a few pre-

cautions should be exercised. Secure cut-

tings where possible from vineyards free

from the disease; plant deep so as to es—

cape the frost cracks as much as possi-

ble. It is best for the grower to propa-

gate his own stock and thus avoid possi-





bility of introducing crown gall for an

infected district.

General Treatment.

The following gencral directions are

given for the control of crown gall:





lllllllllllllllllllllli: llll ‘l11lll1w/ 1111llllllll’ll illllllllill1111.l‘1:illlillllll iillllllliillllllllll llillll lilllllll‘l1'”lt”l.ll





3 50 CENTS A YEAR.

82 FOR 5 YEARS.





1. In order to keep the disease under

control trtes and small fruits should nev-

er be‘ grown 011 land previously infected.



2. Neither root nor scion used in root"

grafting should come from stock having

galls or hairy root.



3. \ll nu1serv stock should be carefully

inspected and all trees show 111g evidence

of crown gall and hairy root or the pre-

vious cutting off of the galls should be

discarded. Growers should never plant a.

diseased tree. ,



4. Trees which are found to he affect—

ed with crown gall in the orchard should

be allowed to remain as long as they are





profitable, but if unprofitable should be

removed. Recovery sometimes results

from the complete removal of the galls,





followed by disinfection of the wounds.





1'1. On account of the great difference

in susceptibility of different varieties,

resistant varieties should be used where





possible to obtain such.

lngham Co. A. C. MASON.





l'3“1.1lllIll{llilllllllll!lllllllllllillllliiillllil“tll1l1dilllll illlllllllllllllllllll





 





Blossoming of the Fruit Trees





Blossoming time is the time of promise,

of hope and of It is mating time

for the fruit tree; blossoming is the ex—

preSSion of love. in the vegetable kind-

dom. The harvests are the fruits of love

of this kingdom, and the farmer deals

with cold cash. as well as with apprecia-

tion, in the results of inanimate love.



Blossoming time is :1 time of anticipa-





joy.





tion and anxiety to the fruit grower. He

feels hopeful and glad of the promise

shown but he does not know whether the

results will be fruit or failure If failure,

hopes will be blasted as well as blos-

soms.



The movement of the mercury in the





thermometer tube becon‘tcs a thing of es—

pecial interest at this time. and the llrst

thing that one likely to do upon

tumbling out of bed in the morning is to

look outvof the window for signs of frost.

A thin crust of ice on the pail of water

outside makes the heart sink and spoils

the appetite for breakfast.



Foresight is about the only cure for

frost we know of. Orchards should be

set in places that are frostless at this

time of the year. High up. on the cool

side of a hill, is the best place Orchard

heating not generally satisfactory. as

yet, in this part of the country, and us—

ually the opportunities for use are not

often enouglrto warrant an investment

of forty or more dollars per are for an

outfit.



Blossoming time is a time of

millions of fruits are either born or blast-

ed. As with all processes of birth it is

:1 critical time, and as with all critical

times pessimism seems to be predomi-





is





is





birth and





nant. More. ciops have been ruined by

tongue than temperature ever killed.

Don't borrow 1rouhle it is bad for your-

self and the 1111lt— glowing business. Cven

if you hmc a 11*g111ar crop 1:1ilurc. smile

against your will and soon you will will

to smile. and just be regular farmer for





a year lllStt‘kltl of a fruit-grower.



There, are many things which will cause

a blossom to blast. Many we do not un—

derstand. Frost is probably the most cer—

tain agency of destruction. But. even

so, investigations show that while in full

blossom fruit trees are able to stand

a degree or two of frost without injury.

Swelling buds stand as much as a dozen

degrccs frost.



Moisture also has much to do with the

setting; of the blossoms. Continued rains

are not good. although experiments show

that the blossoms will stand quite a little

rain and still pollenize. Last season well





lillI'





U 1‘





illustrated that. \\'e had rainy Weather

during blossoming time and still there

was a heavy setting of fruit. 11' the air

contains considerable moisture there is

not near the liability of frosts. The mois-

ture. will take the form of dew and will

serve as a sort of protection. Spraying

trees with wa‘cr for frost pr’otection





showed well the protective value of mois-

ture. Plowing at blossoming time has

served as protection on account of evap-

oration of moisture from the soil.

Moisture will also delay and prolong

the blossoming,r period. So. during rainy

periods the blossoming time is long and

a few good days in between rains will

give opportunity for fertilization. Places

near bodies of water are less susceptible





 





 





‘ .. . > .. 1. -





 





 





 





Cases of re- Many Elements are Present at Blossomlng Time to Influence f0:- Better or Worse.
to frost than places not: having water

'infiuence, other things being equal, be-

cause of the delay in. blossoming andalso-

to the protective feature of moisture.

Tests in continued spraying of only

parts of trees showed that the blossoms

of the unsprayed parts were much more

advanced than the other.



So moisture and temperature play the

most important part in the matter of

weather and the setting of blossoms.





Another thing which must be given"





consideration with reference to the set-

ting of fruit is the matter of self-fer-

tility. In setting out an orchard this

must be given careful attention. Some

varieties of fruit, although bi-sexual,

have not strongly enough developed an-

thers, or male organs, to properly fer-

tilize themselves. In other cases, as has

been found in the case of some grapes,

they are so strongly self—fertile that they

are self-fertilized before blossoming. Pis-

tilate varieties will, of course, have to be

set with some strongly self-fertile variety

before they bear any fruit.



Quite often we find varieties, especially

of cherries and plums, and sometimes of

pear, which blossom heavily but seldom

set to fruit. This is a case of oven-pro-

.ductlon of blossoms and the blossoms are

not strong enough for proper fertilization

and therefore no fruit. Trimming out

quite a. few of the 'fruit spurs in spring

will often remedy this trouble by giving

the tree fewer, but stronger, blossoms to

support.



Blossoming time affords an excellent

opportunity for the study and teaching of

one of the most important and essential

questions of life—that of sex. Few little

boys or girls whose rapidly developing

minds get their first impression of the sex

question from the apple blossom and in

such surroundings as the blossoming ap-

ple orchard will go wrong. It Would do

many older minds a lot of good to re-

learn the sex subject under such con-

ditions.





Van Buren Co. FRANK A, \l'ILKEN.





 





SEEDING RYE TO PERMANENT PAS-

TURE.





What Grasses to Use.





I have a field sowed to rye that I wish

to seed to permanent pasture and would

like to know what variety of seed to sow.

Part' of this field is light sand and part

clay in a run-down condition. “'hat is

the difference in feeding value of millet

and clover hay?



Calhoun CO. IV. F. R.





In making a permanent pasture one

wants to figure on having some grasses

that will last for a long time. These are

usually grasses that take quite a little

while to get' established, consequently it

pays to mix in clover and timothy with

these grasses. Clover and timothy come

quickly and furnish pasture. By the time

they are useless then the other grasses

like orchard graSS and meadow fescue.

and red-top will be ready to take their

place. Hence I would advise that you

sow a mixture of red clover, some alfalfa,

and timothy together with orchard grass,

meadow fescue. tall meadow oat grass

and red-top. Now some of these grass

seeds are very chaffy or light and it

would be almost? impossible to get a good

seeding in the rye. The ground ought to

be specially prepared, the seed sown and

harrowed in. Consequently if I wanted to

get this rye field to permanent pasture

I would harvest the rye and then plow it

and fit' it and get it in good condition and

seed in August when you can barrow the

ground and cover this seed. If you sow

orchard grass seed. for instance, on top

of the rye, much of it never gets to the

ground and you Will 1058 a great deal of

your seed.



Millet Compared with Clover Hay.



Millet is very much like timothy hay

so far as the feeding value is concerned,

and not at! all like clover hay. -If millet

is cut when it ought to'be cut, in bios-

som, is well cured, it makes a very good

'hay substitute but it is not as good as

clover hay because it is not so rich in

protein. COLON C. LILLIE.



ERADICATING 'BURDOCK.



Burdock is one of the most pestiferous

weeds the farmer has to deal with

around the dwellings. It also flourishes

on vacant village and city lots, highways

and unused streets. In fact. burdock

grows readily in all soils and it has a.

strong vitality. No other weed is more

cerualn to get every seed germinated and

the plants thrive wherever the seeds fall.

No other growth ever crowds them out,

for they am equipped by nature to hold

their own in} any struggle for survival

with other plant life.





 





T HE M I c HIG‘A N {F A‘R MEE,





wmr' proper attention, ' however, . no

weed can more easily 'be stamped out.

While— the plants are ‘very young. every

one can be. destroyed by carefully dig-

ging them up with hoe or spade. But

after they attain a good growth it is

necessary to out the roots out below the

ground with a sharp shovel or spade.

The necessity of this is due to the fact

for several inches below the; crown the

burdock root is" covered with eyes or

buds which will send forth new stocks if

the root is cut off above. This is the

reason that oftentimes the efforts to de-

stroy the mature plants with spade fail;

they are not cut off low enough.



Care should be taken to let no burdock

plants go to seed. Should any go to

seed, select some damp day and‘pull and

pile all seed-stalks, then burn them as

soon as they are dry enough. When dead

ripe the burrs will drop off, and the

seeds will fly out: and scatter every-

where, hence the plants should be cut or

pulled only while the burrs are damp.

Burdock seed will lie dormant in the

soil for several years, so 'when waging

warfare on a patch of this weed care

must be taken each spring that no new

plants from the seeds already in the soil

are allowed to mature. The work of de-

stroying the young seedlings is compar~

atively easy if one will but give it due

attention in time, and after three or four

seasons a. patch can be completely erad-

icated.



Indiana. W. F. PUB.D.UE.





DRAINING A MOUND SPRING.





 





In reading .I. B.’s trouble and failure

in draining his sticky. yellow hardpan,

would say J. B. has the right idea about

filling his ditch with surface soil, provid-

ing it is porous enough. Now, many peo—

ple know there are certain kinds of soil

that water will not readily penetrate and

will remain on top of a perfectly laid tile

drain. \Ve had an experience in draining

a mound spring 13 years ago after many

failures, some by professional ditchers. In

our last attempt we found the main head

and dug a hole five feet in diameter and

set a sewer crock over the flow, sealing

the top after piping to the barnyard.

some 200 feet. The bottom of the sewer

crock was set on coarSe gravel and the

hole filled with gravel. This spring fur-

nishes one gallon of water every minute

and never stops running. lut still this

ground was not properly drained. growing

nothing but wild grass and water rushes.



\Ve then put a tile drain on each side

of the. mound soil just as .T. B. describes,

and pulling about a foot of the most por-

ous soil of this ditch on the tile and put-

ting a dam below. Next morning we

were surprised to find the water running

over the dam. The tlile was again taken

up and a thin coat of gravel laid on the

ditch bottom, the tile again laid true to

line and the ditch filled with gravel. This

proved a success and no one would ever

know there was a spring there. On

springy, fine grained, sticky muck we

have seen water stand on top of tile

drains and by refilling with sand and

gravel have seen it prove a success. In

draining clay soil the lowest depressions

are filled with gravel and sand for a few

rods. If .T. B. tries this let‘ him speak

about it. This will also apply to Mr. J.

R's neighbor who has the frog pond

mentioned.



Lapeer Co. . W. H. HURD.





‘





A QUESTION IN PLANT NUTRITION.





IVe have been repeatedly told that

commercial fertilizer will give the plant

a quick start without regard to its analy-

sis and we have been told that the dif-

ferent elements in commercial fertilizer.

namely. nitrogen. phosphoric acid and

potash are beneficial in this way; nitro-

gen to make a luxuriant growth of rich

green; phosphoric acid to help the filling

and maturing of the grain, and the pot-

ash to stiffen the straw. Now the ques—

tion is, what part or kind of fertilizer or

plant food does the plant use first in

starting?



Sanilac Co. W. D. I.



I confess that I do not know how to

answer this question, and I doubt if any-

body could give a correct answer to it.

As a matter of fact. the plant gets its

first food from the seed itself. Nature

has stored up in the seed a sufficient

amount of plant food to give the em-

bryo plant a start until it begins to send

its tiny rootlets into the soil and its stalk

above ground. There is enough plant

food in the seed to start the plant. Then

the roots begin to reach into the soil af-

ter further or more plant food. Now the

question is. 831 understand it. more

roots~ get into thesoil, which meson-the

three essential elements of planthoodfl





 





 





f. .' "_ ~' . ' 'voj





nitrogen, phoaphorie acid, and.r potasm

dées the plant. use first? [doubt-if any-

liedy knows- eacactly. Ii thinledt needsall'

three of' them in a certain. oganomon,

just: the same as an animalllneeds both

protein and carbohydrates ‘ins'iitcertain

proportion to make growth; ",We know

full well that if any one of these is left

out of the soil the plant cannot live.

Some might argue that nitrogen produc-

ing the growth of foliage was the most

important. and yet this cannot be said

because the plant needs all three of these

essential elements and must have them.

we are told by those who. have experi-

mented most upon this question that

phosphoric acid seems to have a won-

derful effect in starting the young plant.

Just why this is so nobody knows, but

soluble phosphoric acid put where the

young roots can get hold of it seems to

greatly invigorate the young plant, and

yet I do not believe that it uses this ele-

ment first, but it uses all of them and

must have them all in a certain definite

proportion. A lack of a sufficient amount

of any one of them limits the growth of

the plant. A sufl‘lcient amount of all

three produces maximum growth.

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





FARM NOTES.





 





Fertilizing Corn In the Hill.





In the issue of April 26. I noticed an

inquiry in regard to fertilizing corn in

the hill. Can you advise me about how

much of the 2:8:4 fertilizer should be used

to the hill. and the proper time to apply

it? Soil is in fairly fertile condition and

lighter spots have been covered with

well rotted manure. Would I get enough

better yield to make it profitable? About

how many tons would be needed for 10

acres, planted 3 ft. 8 in. each way?



Barry C0. J. D. S.



The amount of fertilizer which can

safely be used in the hill for corn de-

pends not a little upon weather condi-

tions at the time the corn is planted.

\Vhen the ground is rather dry at corn

planting time any considerable amount of

fertilizer applied in the hill, especially

fertilizer as rich in potash as the one

mentioned in this inquiry, is likely to in—

jure the germinating quality of the seed.

For some years the writer has practiced

using a little fertilizer in the hill, distrib-

uting same through the fertilizer attach-

ment of the check-row planter.





The fertilizer feeds ordinarily used ap-

ply the fertilizer at the rate of about 125

pounds per acre in checks three feet

eight inches each way. Two years ago

one of these feeds got broken and a.

larger one was substituted in one. of the

fertilizer boxes, thus, of course, applying

more fertilizer on one row than on the

other. When the corn came up we found

that there was a fairly good stand in

each alternate two rows planted with the

lesser amount. of fertilizer applied in the

hills, while. the stand in the rows where

the larger amount was applied was com-

paratively poor, necessitating liberal re-

planting to get a good stand. In this

case the ground was rather dry. which

no doubt contributed to the inury of the

germinating quality of the seed. Thus,

under average conditions, it is the writ-

er‘s opinion that it is not profitable to ap-

ply more than 100 to 125 pounds per acre

in this manner, using the balance of the

fertilizer needed by applying same broad-

cast upon the corn field. There is no

doubt that a little fertilizer applied in the

bill will give the plants a quicker and

more vigorous start, but it is questionable

whether the yield will be materially in-

creased over the yield secured where- the

fertilizer is distributed broadcast. This

year we shall use about 500 pounds of

fertilizer per acre on corn ground which

has received a light application of stable

manure. All things considered, we be-

lieve as good results will be secured by

this method.





Sowing Alfalfa with Wheat.





I have about six acres of corn stubble

which I have manured and plowed. I in-

tend to top-dress with well rotted ma-

nure and work thoroughly until the mid-

dle of August. when I shall sow one

bushel of wheat, and also about six

quarts of alfalfa seed to the acre. When

conditions are right I shall cut the super-

fiuous wheat growth and let lay in the

hope that it may protect the alfalfa

plant from the severe winter Weather.



Kent Co. T, B. P.





While this plan might be a successful

one. it does not appear to the writer as

being a logical one. If the alfalfa is sown





early enough to get a sufficient growth to-





withstand the winter it would come on

and make a good crop the following

spring, provided it had no competition in





its occupation of" the ground. In 3. fav-





orable seasdndt is probable that alfalfa





-_sown.in the middle of August would. get M





 





\





MAY-$10, 191,8. ‘





a sufficient ngWth‘ to withstandf‘thé mm





ter fairly Well." The writer do? a perfect

stump: alfalfa sown in. com. the midnig- ‘





of" July last year, which. 'vvithstood the

winter perfectly and is now making: a.

very vigorous growth and bids we to

make an excellent first crop of hey this

year.



If sown in wheat, the Wheat would

probably live over, even if" treated as sug-

gested in‘ this». inquiry and make a con-

siderable growth the following spring.

thus competing with the alfalfa for plant

food and moisture and probably decreas-

ing the yield of hay which would be se-

cured the first season. It seems a better

plan to work the ground well until the

lust of June or the first of July, then to

sow alfalfa, in which case it should get

sufficient growth to afford it protection

over winter. HOWever, the proposed ex-

periment. would be an interesting one,

and in the event of its trial we should

like a report of its success for publication

in the Michigan Farmer. to the end that‘





all available knowledge upon this? import- ‘





ant point may be disseminated among

Michigan farmers.





Cutworms.





Which is the best method to pursue to

avoid trouble with cutworms on heavy

timothy and June grasssod intended for

corn. to plow as soon as possible and

harrow occasionally before planting, or

to wait as late as possible and then plow

and plant the corn immediately?



Ionia_Co. H. W. W.





In the writer’s opinion, where an old

sod is to be plowed for corn that serious

trouble with cutworms will be more suc-

cessfully avoided by letting the‘ grass get

a. good start then plowing and fitting and

planting as soon as possible, the theory

being that the cutworms will continue to

feed upon the grass roots until the corn

gets something of a start. Whether or

not this theory is well grounded in fact

is, however, not an easy question to an-

swer. In some seasons these pests will

be much more destructive than in others,

depending, perhaps, largely upon weather

conditions. Perhaps also, one good rea-

son for the holding of the above theory

by many good farmers‘is the fact that

where practice of plowing and planting

at once is followed, the corn is not likely

to be planted quite as early as where the

ground is plowed early and is ready to be

planted whenever Weather conditions are





favorable, and that for this reason the‘





corn germinates more quickly and makes

a more rapid growth, getting beyond the

stage when cutworms will injure it ser-

iously in a shorter space of time. There

are also many farmers who believe that

an application of salt is beneficial for

keeping the cutworms in check. As a

general proposition, however, it is better

to practice a short rotation of crops

which will readily obviate the danger of

the destructive ravages of these insects.





The Proper Depth to Plow for Corn.

What is the proper depth to plow sod





for corn? I have plowed eight inches and .





raised good corn. Would it be better to

plow shallow?

Van Buren Co. 0. C.





This question is one upon 'whlch

farmers will not agree for the reason that

the season has much to do with the suc-

cess of shallow plowing. As a general

proposition, however, it is better to plow

comparatively‘deep on a deep soil which

has been previously plowed to a depth of

eight inches or more.



SECURING TOMATO FOUNDATION



STOCK—A CORRECTION.





 





I have just noticed in The Farmer of

February 8, a report of a talk on tomato

culture, which I gave last, winter, which

I can't let go without a correction which

seems to me very important. I am re~

ported as advising the sowing separately

of the'seed of each of the 10 best plants,

making a trial planting in parallel rows

of about 100 plants from, each of these

samples, and I am reported as saying

“select and save seed from' the most»

promising row and you will have a foun-

dation stock.” I am thus made to advise

the doing just what I tried to guard

against. I would not use any of the seed

grown in the trial rows, but rather use

the reserved seed of the lot. which the

trial rows indicated was the most uni-

form of the desired character. Vi’hile to-

matoes do not cross as freely as many

plants, yet I am satisfied that they often

do cross, and the seed from the most sat-

isfactory row in the trial is liable to be

contaminated by pollen from the inferior

one.





 





Cannot Do Business, Without It:

Enclosed please find $1.00 to renew my

subScrjption to The Farmer. Kaye tried

but. lglamd‘not. do businesa without; it.-~Geo.-

. or , i . - l





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





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ALA.“





 





 





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MAY 10, 1913.





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.



I was hopeful of an early spring, but it.

didn‘t come. In fact, we have had very

hltle warm weather yet. On the other

hand, since it did fair off and dry up the

weather has been so favorable to do

spring work and we have got along so

nicely at Lillie Farmstead, that I have

almost made up my mind never to find

any more fault with the weather.





So far, since we began working the

land, it has been an ideal Spring for do—

ing farm work, and we have been doing

some business, too. As I said, we got

started late because cold and bad weather

continued late, but since the middle of

April the land has been in condition to

work and one could make his plans and

carry them out fairly well. I have put

in five acres of peas for the canning fac-

tory. The ground was fall plowed last

fall and we got the ground fitted and the

peas sown April 17 and 18. Some of them

are just coming up at .this writing, April

28th.



Fall vs. Spring Plowing for Sugar Beets.



I also had the beet ground fall plowed

and that worked up nicely. I never had

land work 11p any nicer. I harrowed it

over. let it lay a few days, 'harrowcd it

again, rolled it, then sowed the fertilizer

broadcast with a grain fertilizer drill,

and we have sown the beets, on April

26. This is the carliest that I ever put in

sugar beets. Once before we planted

them on the first day of May, and that

year I had the best crop of sugar beets

that I ever raised. I am hopeful of re-

pcating that experience. \\'e have had

such bad weather the past two falls for

harvesting sugar beets that I was almost

discouraged, and I cut the acreage down

materially this year. I made up my

mind that I would plant only about four

acres, but we have had such good luck

in getting them in that I have a notion

that I will plow a little bit more. I can

plow it and get them in then before the

middle of May should good weather con-

tinue, and I’ll have a. chance then to see

the effects of spring plowing and fall

plowing upon this crop. The land will he

identically the same. in every respect

with the exception of fall plowing and

spring plowing. and I have an idea that

by spring plowing and then thoroughly

packing it with a big traction engine

that I can get a good seed bed from

spring plowing. At least I would like to

try it and I have about made up my

mind to put in at least a couple of acres

more on spring plowing and try the ef-

fect of preparing a. seed bed by packing

it real firmly with a. broad wheeled trac—

tion engine.



At this writing we have two fields of

cats sown, and one more field to prepare

to put in, but if it doesn't rain so that

we cannot till the around it is only a

short job, because thc traction engine

will fit the field in a short time. ‘The

ground dried off So nicely that the trac-

tion engine has worked fine so far. “'e

haven’t used it any at plowing. simply

disking, but with the big engine disk

heavily loaded with stone and a three-

section spring—tooth harrow behind we

have been able to fit the ground in al-

most ideal condition. In fact, in some

places it dug it up almost too deep for a.

good seed bed.



Notwithstanding the fact that we have

a traction engine to do the greater part

of this heavy tillage, yet this spring we

have had plenty of work for the horses





.to do, because I had several small fields





that were rough land that I wanted to

get into alfalfa. for hog pasture, and we

have been working the horses on these

fields. Then, also, the orchards which we.

want to put into peas and oats and rape

for hog pasture. had to be worked up

with the horses. and taking that with

some extra work in getting a carload of

feed home we have kept the horses

very busy during this fine weather. In

fact, I regret very much that we had

to unload the carload of feed, when the

horses ought to have been working on

the land.

Late Seeding of Clover.



Then, again, this spring has made more

work for the horses owing to the fact

that I did not get my clover seed hulled

in time so that I could sow it as early as

I usually do before the frost went out

of the ground. We usually sow the clo-

ver seed in March, but not having the

seed hulled, we couldn’t sow it, and con-

sequently had to wait until the land dried

off so that we could harrow the seed in.

This has made extra work for the horses.

As a. matter of fact we haven't gOt the

seed all sown yet, but it all has to be

dragged both ways and it takes some

little time to harrow the 40 acres of





   





   





wheat ‘that I am seeding both ways. Be-

sides this we have all of our chores to

do. The spring has been cold and dry

and the pastures have not started. We

are not able to get the young stock out

to pasture, and the cows have had no

grass yet, so we have just as many

chores to do as we did in the winter,

and with all of the spring work coming

on besides it makes a pretty busy time.

Wheat and CIOVer‘ Wintered Well.



The‘wheat crop looks splendid in this

vicinity. The winter was mild and 1

cannot see that any of the wheat was

winter-killed.~ One small piece that we

put in late last fall made a very poor

growth in the fall. I told the men that

we would have the job of rc-fitting that

in the spring and sowing it to some

spring crop, but it is coming on so that

1 think it will be a fairly decent crop.

The balance of the wheat looks fine. That

which we sowed first. however. is much

the best, but. then it is on the best field

also. This, I think, bids fair now to be

as good a crop of wheat as I ever rais-

ed. and one year on this same field my

wheat yielded 42 bushels per acre.



The young clover also looks well. I

don‘t think any of that was winter-killed,

and it is starting. If We have favorable

growing weather 110W, and I think we

must, because it has held off so cool 11n-

til it is getting time of the year when we

must haVc warm weather, and with little

danger of cold spells and frosts after-

wards. and I do not think that we will

have weather that will injure either clo-

ver or wheat from now on because it is

nearly the first of May.



Harrowing Alfalfa.



The alfalfa. too. has started nicely this

spring. I tried a little experiment in us-

ing a spring-tooth harrow to kill out





 





some June grass. In many places, how-

ever. the June grass had got such a. start

it was almost impossible to get the har-

row in, but where the harrow would go

in sutlicicntly it would dodge around the:

alfalfa roots and dig out the June grass,

in splendid shape and I am sure that that

is the way to eradicate .Iunc grass in an

alfalfa ficld. I don't think you ought to

put in the spring-tooth harrow the first

season. neither do I think the June grass

will get so well established that it will

be necessary to harrow it, but the second 1

season if the June grass is coming in,

just as soon as the alfalfa is cut put on

the spring-tooth harrow and harrow it

both ways and you can pull the June

grass out, and my observation and expe-

rience would lead me to recommend that

one use a spring—tooth harrow rather

than a disk harrow on an alfalfa field.

You can't make me belicve that it does

the alfalfa any good to mutilate the

crowns and cut them up with a disk har~

row, but a spring—tooth harrow will dodge

around the tough alfalfa roots and dig

out the June grass with apparently little

injury to the alfalfa. COLON C. LILLIE.





TILE DRAINING IN HARD PAN.





 





 





 





In the Michigan Farmer of April 12,

lfll.3, the above named topic is discussed

by .l. 1%.. of Occana county, and Colon C.

Lillie. I liavc not as much practical ex-

perience with tile draining as Some of the

readers of the Michigan Farmer. but I

was the owner for four years of a 44)-

acre farm in another county which was

practically the same kind of soil as J.

B. describes. My experience and obser-

vation was very much like his own and

by permission 1 will give my views.



On a. few square rods on my farm this

hardpan appeared on the surface. After

a shower the water would form a little

pond there, and\- the only way it could

disappear was by evaporation. The only

other way I could get rid of it was by

open furrows and ditches and that which

did not flow into the ditch over the sur-

face had to evaporate; it would not seep

down if only one foot from the ditch. My

11cighhor laid a drain from his cellar to

the creek, he had good fall and the drain

drained his cellar but outside where the

hardpan was the water wOuld in places

stand right over the drain until it evap-

orated. It seems impossible for water to

seep through this kind of soil. Even dy-

namite would not raise my expectations

very high. I would have to see it tried

first before I would risk much expense

on it.



Such soil needs draining if any does,

but how to do it is the great problem.

I came to the following conclusion:



1. Lay the tile as shallow as feasible

abova the hardpan, where that is possi-

ble, and lay the drains ClOSeI‘, say about

two to three rods apart and run them

into deeper main drains.





2. Proceed as J. B. suggests, by filling:





 





   





3—563





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S'EEDBEANS





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ASK FOR PRICES.





TRAVERSE GITY MILLING 60.





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FIELD PEAS





nothing better for making a big lot. of feed. Also

Soys. Vetch, Rape. Reid's Yellow Dent Corn, etc.. and

the best Alfalfa that, you ever saw. “'rite for sample s.





O. M. SCOTT & SON, 166 Main St. , Marysville,0hio.

SEED POTATO ES.





The Experiment. Station has :1 surplus: of fine Sir

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SEED BEANS





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rths ditch with surface soil over the tile.



3. Fill the ditch over the tile with

crushed .stone to the height of the hard-

pan. Or of that is too expensive fill in

a little space every 10 to 12 feet with

crushed stone and finishing with surface

soil.



In any case the drains would have to

be laid closer than in. ordinary soil. The

above is what I had studied out that I

would have to do with my farm, but I

never got around to do it, for I got a

chance to trade it off. which I preferred.

I never deSire any more such hardpan.



Gladwin Co. L. V. SOLDAN.





'THE EMPLOYER AND THE EMPLOYE.





 





Two hired men have taken exception to

my recent article in the Michigan Farmer

on the average hired man. Both of these

men, however, must be above the aver-

age, for they read the Michigan Farmer

and are able to express themselves clear-

ly and intelligently on paper, and the

average hired man does neither of these.

But they both evidently think to meet

my statements with the contention that

.very many farmers have various and

grievous shorcomings. While this is un—

doubtedly only too- true, yet it by no

means affords every hired man a license

to be either heedless or thoughtless or

obstinate about his work or to take any

undue liberties with his employer's prop-

erty, as I instanced in my former article.

I should not therefore think it worth

while to take the matter up in reply.

only that the effort of Mr. A. F. Root in

the Michigan Farmer of May 3 shows a.

spirit so characteristic of quite a large

‘class of hired men that I desire to notice

it, not with any purpose of entering into

any controversy with Mr. Root regarding

the matter. but becauSe it represents the

very essence of much of the difl‘ifficulties

between the farmers and their hired help,





One‘of the chief difficulties farmers

find with help is that the help are too

“bossy.” My brother once on being ask-

ed why he had discharged 3 man. replied

that he couldn’t work to suit the man.

Mr. Root presumes to lay down “rules"

for his employers It is generally sup-

posed to be the employer's prerogative to

give the directions, and he pays his

money for having his directions and

wishes carried out. If the hired mun

finds there requirements unreasonable he

enjoys all of the privileges of a free

country. As a matter of good policy. I

like to encourage the men to suggest

ways of doing the work. Other men may

have methods that are an improvement

over mine. and men who are working

around are likely to learn other ways of

doing work than those I have. By en-





; com-aging them to express their ideas I





get onto the different ways of doing Work.

Occasionally substantial improvements in

methods are picked up in this way. Then,





~too, the help improves by working on

I, their own initiative. They cultivate ex-





ecutive capacity and become really more

elfilcent workers and more capable mem-

bers of the community by such exercise

of their faculties, and it is only an hu-

manitarian act to help these men in self-

training in such ways. If I think my

methods are better than theirs I suggest

a different way of doing the work, and

uSually the men see the advantage of my





. ways and fall in with them.‘ But if I





think their ways more advantageous, I





~ have learned something and I allow them





to follow out their own ideas. And they

will usually work more contentedly in

this way. But as a matter of privilege

the hired man has not the right to offer

any other suggesuons than to follow the

directions of his employer.



And the spirit so characteristic of a

large class of hired men appears more in

detail in Mr. Roots second “rule." It is

this: “HaVe all tools used every day

stored away. It: gives the man exercise

to get them and put them back.” Mr.

Root has evidently worked for men who

realize, as evidently he does not, that

tools are expensive and are worth caring

for. It is understood that tools depre-

ciate as much by weathering as by wear,

and where they are left out to be wet

with the dew or a possible rain. it injures

them more than the Roots may suspect.

A man who takes pride in his tools

guards against this. A rain may come

up during the night and so wet the

ground that the tool may not be used

again for days, and as a matter of fact,

unless the tools are put under cover ev-





. ery night they usually remain out dur-





ing the entire season. It requires little

time, as a man is leaving the field, to

take the tool he" may chance to be using

along with him and put it under cover;

and again take it out in the morning as

, .





 





.Mar ‘ 10,- 1913.





he goes to work, and probably the 'em-

ployer would notexpect him to work ov-

ertime in doing this. Them, Why should

Mr. Root object to this as-Vlong- as his

employer pays him for his time? But as

Mr, Root does not have to buy the tools

he fails utterly to appreciate the import-

ance of. this, and I can easily imagine him

coming up' at night and leaving the tool

in the field. And if the employer asks





why it was left, possibly Mr. Root may





say he “forgot,” While the fact is he was

simply obstinate. Mr. Root, of courSe,

may not do this, but it is characteristic

of a large class.



Now, the employer who uses much help

can easily cite a dozen different instances

of just this kind of heedlessness or ob-

stinacy. For instance, I like to have the

horses have fresh water, especially dur-

ing warm weather, and not infrequently

have occasion to suggest this to the men.

But it is nothing unusual to find the wat-

ering tub full of water, and when the

teams come from the field they are ex-

pected to drink this water that has stood

for hours and become warm and stale.

And what am I to do? Must I have a.

scrap with the men, (I never “cuss”

them), or must I allow the horses to

drink stale water all summer because of





some “rules" that the obstinacy of some





Root may frame? The difference between

a scientist and a person who is not may

be found in the fact that the one

understands and weighs the importance

of a whole lot of little _thlngs as the‘other

does not. And a very large proportion

of the differences and difficulties between

employers and their help grow out of the

little things which the one wishes and

the other thinks unreasonable.



If I have said anything in my former

article that should widen any possible

differences between the employer and his

help it has failed of its purpose. But

these differences are best- cleared up by

having a full and clear understanding of

the relations and obligations of one to

the other. Some employers are Without

doubt unreasonable and overbearing and

perhaps tyrannical, but those who em-

ploy help have reached a position of re-

sponsibility and acquired property by ob-

serving certain methods which those who

are less Successful fail to grasp or un-

derstand. They have no doubt learned





some things of value as well as some





valuable things by experience—among

other things that tools and stOck as well

as crops, cost money and are worth car-

ing for, and if those with less experience

could understand that there are perhaps

a good many little matters that seem to

them unimportant which have really a.

significance that they little appreciate,

they w0uld avoid many of the differences

which arise between them and their em-

ployers, and would at the same time be

on the road to more successful careers of

their own. If those who read this will

accept it as written, in no spirit of un—

kindness, but as a plain statement of

facts, I think they will admit its truth-

fulness.





Allegan Co. EDWARD HUTCHINE.





YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY





of getting one of the beautiful six—page

Michigan Farmer Wall Charts for only

30c, postpaid, if you send your order at

once.



It is the finest collection of charts ever

put together. Contains a map of Michi-

gun, showing congressional districts, coun—

ties, railways, etc., the latest 1910 census

of all Michigan towns, 25 colored plates,

showing the anatomy of the horse, cow.

sheep, hog and fowls, and giving the

name and looation of each organ, muscle

and bone. A treatise on each animal by

the best authorities, treatment of com-

mon diSeases of farm animals, map of

the world, showing steamship lines, map

of the United States, flags of all nations,

rulers of the world. Panama canal, all

our presidents, and several other features

too numerous to mention.



These charts have been sold mostly

for $1.00 or $1.50. They will decorate

and inStruct in any home or office. We





offer them at- this price to quickly get

rid of them and after our present stock

is exhausted no more can be had. Re—

member the price is only 300, while they

last. Send your name to the Michigan

Farmer, Detroit, Mich—Adv.





 





CATA LOG NOTICE.





The "Light Running" Silberzahn En-

Silage Cutter is fully illustrated and de-

scribed in a. new catalog. published by

Gehl Bros. Mfg. 00.. Dept. 123. West

Bend, Wis. In addition to the above this-

catalog contains information 'which will“

prove beneficial to. all who are interested

in “the high cost of living for stock.”

Write the above firm ,for copy of this:





 





catalog, mentioning the Michigan Farmer. .





x
MAY 10, 1913.

lllllllll|lllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||IllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll “

. o '

Da1ry.

filllllllllllIlllIllllllIlllllllllllllllll|||llll|ll|llIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





llllllllll'lF'





 





a

a





SILAGE PUT IN TOO DRY. WILL

WATER ADDED NOW BE





BENEFICIAL?





 





I have a silo 18 ft. in diameter, 40 ft.

high, 30 ft. of staves and 10 ft. of ce-

ment and I want to keep about 10 ft. of

it over until next winter. But it was

put in too dry and it has‘ molded quite a

lot. It is warm now. I think if there is

a lot of water put in it would stop the





molding.

Jackson Co. H. T. S.





If your silage is still warm it certainly

shows that actual fermentation is taking

place at the present time, and this is due

to the fact that the silage is getting air,

your silo isn’t air—tight or the silage was

so loosely packed that there is enough

air left in with the silage, or with this

dry corn, so that it still ferments. Now

the trouble in applying water at the

present time is that you can’t get it down

into the silo. \Vater ought to have been

applied at the time you filled the silo so

that all parts of the corn fodder or dry

silage would have been moistened. "i think

Water will help some now, especially

around the outer edges. It is barely pos-

sible that the t'tlllt‘lll part of your silo,

‘the lower ten feet, is not plastered with

good rich cement mortar and that it

not fine grained enough to be sufficiently

tight to kcep silage properly. \Vatei‘

poured around the outside would cer-

tainly lielp~tliis and what would soak

into the silage would also be benelicial.

l'ntlmibtedly, wetting it now would

benctit to preserving it. but the question

is whether you can wet it sufficiently and

get this moisture eVenly enough distrib-

uted through the silage to prevent fur—

ther loss. if you cannot. in all probabil~

ity by next winter, the time you say you

would like to saVc it, much of it will be

spoiled. If that is the case, then it,

would be better to feed it out now, rather

than to try to hold it over. You can

apply water and can tell probably in a

Short time from appearances whether it

has had the desired effect or not.





is





he ';L





WHAT ROOT CROPS TO GROW AS A

SUBSTITUTE FOR SILAGE.





 





Since I am not in a position to build

a silo for a few years yet, what root

crops are best to grow to take the place

01' silage to furnish succulent food for

my cows through the winter. My land

is half sand and about a quarter mucky

loam and the balance is muck in: has

not been opened up as plow land yet.



Kent Co. I). E. \\'.





The best root crop, that is. thc,one

producing the largest number of tons of

roots per acre. is the mangel wurzel beet.

There is no other root crop that even ap-

proximates it in yield. These beets can be

grown in rows 28 inches apart, thinned

to one foot in the row, and on good rich

land as many as 20 to 25 tons per acre,

can be grown. Many times the mangel

wurzels grow two or three feet above

the ground. It is not uncommon to have

them project above the ground one foot,

and they grow eXceedingly large so that

one can raise immense crops of them on

an acre. Sugar beets. turnips, carrots,

rutabagas are all good root crops to use,

adding succulency to the ration. but with

no other crop can you get anywhere near

as many tons to the acre as you can with

mange] wurzels. Growing above the

ground so much makes them easily har-





vested. It is no trouble at all to plow

them out or pull them. Next to corn

silage you can get succulency for the





dairy cows cheaper with mangel wurzels

than anything else I know of.





 





 





A SILO PIT.





 





I would like to ask a few questions

in regard to making a Silo pit. I would

like to dig down in the ground eight feet.

Some tell me the ensilage will not keep

as the cement draws all of the moisture





from it. XVhat do you think regarding

this?

Kent Co. SUBSCRIBER.

You can 'dig down into the ground





eight feet to get the capacity of your silo

if you choose to do so. It is not a good

plan, however, to do it. But you can dig

dOWn and by properly cementinghthe sides

you can make a pit that will hold en-

silage. We know this becausemany peo-

ple have done the same thing. I have

se’en‘silos that were 30 feet deep andtlhey

kept silage perfectly, but it costs 'so

much to get the silage out.7 You might

better build the silo above ground, build





 





THELMCHIGANFARMER





it up into the air. You can easily fill it

with a modern blower ensilage cutter,

and you can get the silage out much eas-

ier than you can take the silage out of

the ground where you dig a pit.



If you have a dry, porous sub-soil there

will be no trouble at all about makinga

silo that will preserve the silage. You

have got to put on a good coat of mortar.

In the first place it ought to be» stoned

up, and then plaster on the inside of the

stone with a good coat of cement mortar

made in the proportion of two parts of

good sharp fine sand to one part cement.

If you have a wet sub-soil you will be

bothered some by moisture seeping

through the cement into your silo, es-

pecially When it ls‘.empty. Some of it

will seep through a little even when it is

not, although there will not be very much

because the pressure on each side of the

cement then will be practically equal,

but when your enSilage is out of the silo





there will be no pressure on the inside

and the water will gradually seep

through. But the chief objection is that





it is a hard job to hoist the ensilage out

of a pit in the ground.





ADDITION TO BARN.





 





Our stable is a half basement 24x44

ft. on one side of the barn tloor. There

is an alley between a row of horses and

a row of cattle. They head toward each

other. Behind the row of cattle there is

room for some small cows. ()ur idea was

to put up a bent about 20 ft, to the end

of the barn on an 8-H. wall. It would

be for dairy cattle. They would head to-

wards the old barn the way the door is

arranged in the cow stables the cattle

kept in the old part would have to pass

through the new part. In the old part

of the stable we thought of keeping the

cows that \\'(‘I‘c coming in. also young

calves. I would like to keep from 12 to

15 cows. I would like to have it as con-

venient and as sanitary as possible with-

out too great cost.



'lluron Co. F. L. C.





One trouble with the proposed plan is

that it would make a stable that is diffi-

cult to Venlilatc. and another difficulty is

to get a sullicient amount of light where

_\ou build on the end of the barn that

way. Your horse stable is then entirely

on the inside and it would be quite im-

possible to get enough light. And. also,

unless you take away the end of the barn

between the two stables it will be almost

impossible to have a circulation of air

that would properly ventilate the whole

stable. It possibly might be done but it

would be quite expensive. Of course, the

part of the barn where the cows now

stand would be suitable for box stalls for

cows when they freshen and also for

young calves. This Would be a good place.

And if you build the end on the barn 20

feet. wide you can have a. four-foot feed-

ing alley in front of the cows and then

have sufficient room behind them so that

you could drive through with a wagon

and load on the manure. which I think

is very important in a cow stable.



Personally. however, I would prefer to

have an entirely different plan. I would

build the, cow stable and horse stable and

the space for young calves or box stalls,

in a building which would end up against

the side of the big barn, just in front of

the barn driveway and I would have my

stable under that. Then, when I thresh—

ed I could throw the straw into this new

part of the barn over the stable. I would

have this stable at least 36 feet wide and

as long as I wanted it to get sufficient

room. You can have two rows of ani-

mals facing the outside with an alley be-

tween them so that you can drive

through. If the arrangement would not;

permit driving through the main part of

the barn from the stable a. door could be

placed on the side of the new part where

it joins the old barn, then by turning

one can go out with a load of manure

there. You wouldn‘t have to build the

building much larger than your 20 foot

addition or 20 foot bent on the end of

the barn, and you could arrange your

stable much more conveniently, besides

it would provide a place where you could

put your straw when you threshed and

have it all inside so that it would make

nice dry bedding.



There is no objection to keeping the

horses in the same barn with the cows.

You could have the cows all on one side

of the barn, and the horses on the- other

side in one end and then the balance of

the space on that side could be used for

box stalls and pens for calves. Then. to

clean out the barn you would drive right

in with the wagon, load the manure di-

rectly without being compelled to use a

.wheelbarrow, and draw to the field. In

this way the barn can be easily ventilat-

ed by the King system with one erect

ventilating shaft, and it can be properly

lighted because you can put windows in

On all sides. . / .





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 





are De Lavals.





 

 

 





think of their machines.





 

 





this spring.





The De Laval satisfies, pleases and

makes money for its more than

a million and a half owners.





There are probably quite a number of your

neighbors who are using cream separators'ancl

in most communities a majority of these machines





ll you expect to buy a separator it will be worth

your while to see what some of these De Laval users





It the evidence of your neighbors who use and recom-

mend the De Laval is not enough to convince you of

De Laval superiority, have the local -De Laval agent put

one in on trial for you‘and try any other machine you

want to alongside of the De Laval.





Let the De Laval start saving your cream right now,

It will soon pay for itself.





The new 72-paue De Laval Dairy Hand Book. in which

4 important dairy questions are ably discussed by the best authori-

ties, is a book that every cow owner should aave.

upon request if you mention this paper. New l9l 3 DeLaval

catalog also mailed upon requeol.





 

 

 





Wherever

you find a De Laval.





user you will find a “ booster."





 

 





 

   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

   

   





Mailed free





 

   

 





Write to nearest olhcc.





 

 

 





 





 





SOONER 0R LATER

YOU WILL BUY .A





 





 





 





 





 





MDOH>WVUFJM





Here’s the separator

that solves the price

problem. Sells for 825 to $40 less than

other standard machines. The con-

necting link between separator effi-

ciency and reasonable price.

Another point.- Our patented device

cleans the machine In less than 2 min-

utes. Will save 011 time—will save

you money—Wil save you cream.

Skims close and clean. Easy to run

——hard to wear out. Second to none.





Sold by dealers. Ask them or write

us for free booklets and full particu-

lars. Address nearest office below.





BEATRICE CREAMERY C0. .





Chicago Lincoln, Neb. Den Main», 1..

Dubuquo, In. I





 





 





Save $2510 $40.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





AMERICAN





SEPARATOR "





THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.

It Is a solid proposition to send,

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well made, easy running separa-

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milk; making heavy or light.

cream. Designed especially for

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ture. which illustrates our large

capacity machines. The bowl is

a. unitary marvel, sully cluned.

Gears thoroughly rotected.

Weston) orders fll ad from

Western points. Whether your



is hit e on small. write '

us and obta our handsome - ~ -

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CA" 55?me co. cushions.“





 





7





Two Months’

F R E E Test





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Longest “no risk"trial—

strongest guarantee.



3, Warrantod a Lllotlmo

. / minfit defecdvemriolot





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Separator at 519.66 is aworld beat—er. Full size 1—

20 lb. cannon? Slums 1 1-2 unrta per min- l

um and gets A Ltho cream. rite 11

ml for our Free Sc arator Catalog an see

for yourself wh t e Maynard skim» fast-

0 0 can, easier to turn. Don't buy ,

at our 60 Dal/5‘ Free Trial 017'".



our larger sizes up Do 600 lb. capa- ‘



city shown heremll sold at low prices,all uar— 7V? '





DS-





anteed a lifetime. Send for catalog to ay.

The {Charles William Stores. Inc.

DepLAl7 56 Pine St. New York City

Shipm'ts from NewYork,Chlcago, KansnnCity _





 





 





New Silo Book





FREE-





lt's full of valuable infor-

mation for every farmer

and stock raiser. Tells all

about the special and

exclusive features of the

famous

INDIANA SILO



Twenty-Five Thousand in

use. Write and learn why

it is best and cheapest and

get our New Silo Book Free.





INDIANA SILO COMPANY





The largest makers of Silos in the

world. Address nearest factory:

582 Union Bldq., Anderson, 1nd,

582 Indiana Bldg, Des Moines, In.

582 Silo Bldg. . Kansas City, Mo.





 

 





 





 





 





   

 





Construction is right. material

is right. Only silo made with full-

length, structural steel door frame

heavily galvanized after the riveting. Not

a crevice exposed to rust. Choice of seven





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





kinds of wood. Infiexible guarantee. We

prepay freight. Catalog shows many more

fine points. write for it today. Address ”Opt. 30.





KALAMAZOO TAIIK ti. SILO 80.





Kalamazoo. Mlch. Kansas City. Mo.

Hummus. Minn. In. fl. Worth. 1m:





 





I.

Easily made. easily erected. Molded from .'

cement With an inexpensive mold right on '

your farm by any farm hand. Makes a silo "





like rock, frost and fire proof. positive] air~ '

tight. We also sell guaranteed tile silci’s all '

ready to put together. Either silo big money '

saver. Write for booklet and s ccial oficr. .‘

calm a. in: sun So.

pl. 52 “km. Ilcll.





 





 





—Owin to preseinfi businem

e





GIIEIIIEIIY Fllll SAL am... moon... dtooflor





my Cranmer! at qunm'o for sale. Any legitmimato

otter will be considered. gore is your opportunity

secure a. bargain. John H.





ennington, Pewamo,Mlch.

Pluu I'cntlon the I'llchlnl For." when

mum to ndvorflo‘on.
kRIESODIPN?”





 

 





sunommzzo.

EASY AND SAFE TO USE

INEXPENSIVE





 

   





" manure





 





THE MIC HIGAN. anm‘





E have had a splendid opportu-

nity this past winter at Lillie

Farmstead to note the effect of

palatability upon dairy cows and, in fact,

upon all kinds of live stock. Our clover

hay, as stated last! season, was out in a.

heavy rain. It was injured by this rain.

The fine aroma and flavor was gone, was

washed, out, but, of course. we had the

hay, and we had to get out of it all that

we could. It was practically unsalable

and besides that I don’t believe -in selling

clover hay. It is worth too much for

purposes and for feeding pur-

poses. Our covvs have had an abundance

of clover hay this winter but it was of

poor quality. As I stated before, we had

between 10 and 12 inches of rainfall in

the month of July last year and no one

need tell anything about the condition of

hay besides that. Every practical farmer





 





KILL§LICE





DISIN F ECTS.

CLEANSES.

PU RIFIES.





It In. so many In” that It I.

a noeoulty on ovary farm.





CURES MANGE, SCAB,

RINGWORM, SCRATCHES

Destroys All Disease Germs

DRIVES AWAY FLIES

Write for Free Booklets





PARKE, DAVIS 8: C0.





oceanrmcur or ANIMAL mousvav

DETROIT. MICHIGAN





   

   

   

   

   

   





 





   

 

 





 

 





‘ “\u u- '





Pratts Animal Regulator





has for forty years been the standard live-stock

-conditloner. 25c, 50c. SI. $3.50





’51"? Colic Cure

F (Veterinary)



Sure cure for colic and indigestion. 81

“Your money back if it fails"

‘913 Sold by dealers everywhere. or





PRATT FOOD CO.





Philadelphia

ABSORBINE

TRADE MARK RE6.U.S.PA|'. OFF.





Removes Bursa! Enlargements.

Thickened, Swollen Tissues.

Curbs. Filled Tendons. Sore-

ncss from any Bruise or Strain:

Stops Spavin Lameness. Allays pain.

Does not Blister, remove the hair or

' lay up the horse. $2.00 a bottle,

delivered. Book 1 K free. -



ABSORBINE. IR.. the antiseptic lini-

ment for mankind. For Synovitia, Strains.

Gouty or Rheumatic deposits, Swollen,

Painful Varicose Veins. Will tell you

more if you write. $1 and $2 per bottle at

dealers or delivered. Manufactured onl by

w. r“. yours, P. D. r-., 2138 Temple St, Springfield, .





Over 106,000 Satisfied Users.

_ There is no better time than

, while the horse is working and

all

g ,

H RSE cats and treat 58 forms of lame-

ness—Ii lustrated.





sweating for our trea tmen t'

This BOOK—Sample Contract and Advice—ALL





   

   

 

 

 





 

 

 

   





 

 

 





 





     





which penetrates both bone and

tissue — reaching the cause --

and cures without blistering or

loss of hair.



We Originated the treatment

of horses—Under Si nevi Contract;

to Return Money if fiemedy Falls.

(In!- Latest Save- The - Horse

1100K is our 17 Years' Discov-

eries. Fully describes how to 10-





Free to (Horse Owners and Managers only). Address





[ROY CHEMICAL canon-m Ava, Binghnlm, if].





”fulfil.- everywhere cell Buve-fl‘ho-llono WITH canine!

_ or we um"! hv Fund Page or hare-I In“.





 





Fuck-n GURES any case or‘ money refunded.

Puck-nu CHRIS ordinary oases. _ Heats

Ito-Ody $0.. 463 N. Fourth Ave“ my».





Item can





, ‘. Kewflks out freely. 'F‘reepcircu r.

A um & Mimi».





 





..‘





 





realizes what one is up against with that





amount [of rainfall during the haying

season. ,



Then, again, there was so much wet

weather and so little sunshine that the

.corn for silage did not mature as well as

it ought to. It was glaZed when it was





cut, so far as that was concerned, but it

didn't seem to have the fine quality that

it does when it grows in a normal sea-

son, and it didn't make as good silage.





 





   





 





Therefore, our cows have had rather un—

lpalatable hay and not choice silage, and

the COnsequence is they have not done as

Well as they ought to. Again, they did

fairly well as long as we had our own

£peas and oats to feed, which were of

,good quality. These were relished (and

lthey overcame, in a large measure, the

Sunpalatability of the clover hay and the

room Silage. \\'hen our own peas and

ioats run short I was induced to buy a,

‘carload of salvage barley to feed the

grows. I did this, of course, because it

fwas cheap and I wanted to cheapen the





-tration, and I wanted to find out what I

, would do.





One never knows anything un-

til he tries it. One is rarely satisfied

with the opinion of others, he wants to

know for himself, so I purchased a car-

load of salvage barley. The cows ate it

all right but they didn‘t seem to eat it

with a relish. “’e mixed some corn with

this also and part of the time we mixed

oats. Then I fed some gluten feed in

connection with it. The cows look fairly

well so far as flesh is concerned, but it

must be remembered that a cow will first

take care of herself, if there is anything

left then it goes into the milk pail, and

our cbws haven't held out on their milk

as well as. they ought to, not as well as

I am sure they would had all of their

feed been palatable. had they relished it.

They have eaten enough to keep in good

condition and to give, of course, ordinary

messes of milk; but they haven’t done as

Well as I wanted them to do, and I am

of the opinion that it is almost entirely.

due to the lack of palatability in the food

which. they have been fed. They simply

ate the food because they had to eat it,

not. because they really liked it.



We had another little experience also,

and. that was with a. few steers which we

have been trying to fatten. They didn’t

fatten well on this hay and silage and

salvage barley and corn meal. They were

not going to get ready to sell, and the

consequence was that I had to quit feed-

ing them the salvage barley and give

them corn and oats. Now they eat the

corn and oats with a. relish and it shows.

They have been doing well ever since we

changed the grain from salvage barley to

corn and oats. I am confident that it is

simply because this food is more pala-

table and they like it and will 8111: more

of it. Eating more of this palatable grain

they will also eat more of the poor hay

and of their only fair quality silage.



Palatability is a great factor in the'

feeding of animals. It is just as much

of a, factor as it is in feeding human be-

ings. If Our food is not cooked in a

manner which makes it palatable we do

not eat as much of it and do not do as

well upon it. Of course, we can live and

probably get along all right. It may be

that our foods are made too palatable.

That is one reason why we eat too much,

;eat more than we need, more than is

‘7ng for our health. But when we come

5to want to fatten animals we havegot

to look at this from a different stand-

point. If we simply kept store animals.

:wanted to get them through and finish

lthem on grass or something of that sort,

‘thcn some of these damaged feeds might

Elbc cheap, but where we are trying to





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





'moke good gains, where we are trying to





The Importante of." Palatablhty in FOO‘d .

for Live Stock.





 





make. these animals do their best, either

at the'pail or by adding growth to their

carcass, even with hogs I do not believe.

in‘ the long run, it pays to feed food that





has been in any way damaged. Of course, _





a farmer is up against a proposition

sometimes, his feed is damaged and he

cannot help it, he has got it on his hands

and it is practically unsalable. The only

way for him to get anything out of it is

to feed it to his animals and get as good

results as he can, but, when it comes to

purchasing the beSt quality is the cheap-

est in the long run.

COLON C. LILLIF}.





GREEN FORAGE FOR THE LAMBS.





 





with feeding the ewes liberally to

promote a strong uniform milk flow. ad-

ditional attention should be given to

growing some tender palatable green for-

age for the lambs to graze while they

are still obtaining a portion of their daily

sustenance from their mothers. As the

spring and summer seasons wane the

pasture gradually becomes less palatable

to the dainty appetites of the lambs and

if compelled to rely upon the dry, Sun-

parched pasture onw‘hich the ewes graze.

the lambs will fail to make the best bone

and flesh growth. It not infrequently

happens that too much live stock is run

on the pasture and the supply becomes

insufficient. consequently the young lambs

suffer more than the older sheep because

of their more dainty appetite. If a little

attention is directed early in the season

to have growing a small area of green

forage nearby the regular pasture easily

accessible for the lambs it will materially

assist in maintaining a steady and uni-

form development.



There is no period in the age. of the

lamb crop when so rapid and profitable

gain can be made as when nursing their

dams and encmu‘aged with supplemental

feeding on sweet. tender forage. Nursing

lambs early in life acquire the. habit of

searching about in quest of something to

satisfy their appetites. If the proper kind

of feed is near at hand the lambs soon

learn to 'become self—supporting and not





Along





only reduce the strain upon the ewes.

but also induce physical growth. The

leguminous crops are always desirable





for supplementary forage because of their

protein Content and their beneficial effect

on the soil. If attention is paid to se—

lecting crops adapted to the soil and oil-

mate large yields of highly palatable and

nutritious forage can be grown on a yer.v

small area.

Clover Best for Young Lambs.



Clover is a very excellent forage crop

for young lambs if so managed that reg-

ular posturing keeps the crop from mak4

ing too rapid growth. I have followed the

practice each spring of fencing off a small

area, about what I thought 50 or 60 lambs

would care for. and turn it over to the

lambs to graze upon. I always endeavor

to have this forage adjoining the field

the flock is pasturing in or along the lane

where the lambs can easily get to it. I

the'n make a small opening in the fence

just large enough for the lambs to get

through so that they can have access to

the pasture whenever they wish. Very

frequently I notice during the summer

the entire lamb crop pasturing on this

supplemental forage when the ewes are a

half a mile away on the regular pasture.

(Homer is particularly an early lamb for-

age crop as it comes on very early and if

not over pasturrd will supply an abund-





ance of palatable forage for several

months during spring and summer and

sometimes into the fall.





Peas and Oats 3 Substitute for Clover.



Canadian field peas and oats make a

splendid early forage for young lambs and

may be sown from early spring to the

middle of May. Young lambs are very

fond of this kind of forage and when pas-

tured judiciously it yields well and will

continue to grow through June and July. I

have grown this combination forage crop

with Very satial‘actory results and when

impossible to secure clover I considered

it an excellent substitute. The common

rate of sowing is one and a half bushels

of each per acre. The'peas are usually

scattered broadcast on disked 0r harrow-

ed ground and then turned under about

three or four inches. I have secured very

good results, however, from sowing with

the grain drill, setting the teeth so as to

put the seed into the soil about three

inches; The, CI'Op can be pastured with-

out: d‘angerjand makes an excellent forage





pasture for growing lambs.





MAT Io, dine.-





Rape an Excellent summer Forage.



Rape perhaps is the most commonly

grown forage crop for sheep pasture we

have had and, being well adapted to al—

most any kind of soil rich in available

plant food, it is a very valuable plant for

their owners. It is a non-leguminous crop,

however, although on account of its large

root system it has a tendency to loosen

the soil and improve its physical condi-

tion. No flock owner can afford to go

thorugh the summer without growing a

large acreage of rape for both the ewes

and lambs. 'It is not advisable to attempt

to make one pasture do for both as the

forage the ewes are pasturing upon is

very likely to become too woody and

coarse for the lambs. I find that the

same practice I follow with the clover

works splendidly with the rape forage for

lambs. By starting the lambs on the

rape while quite small and tender it does

not grow tough and 'woody and makes

excellent supplemental feed during the

entire growing season. I do not like to

pasture the‘ rape. when wet or the dew

is on as I find it causes digestive trouble

among the lambs.



There are numerous ways and means

of supplying the green forage for the

young lambs during the summer months

and no flock Owner should neglect the op-

portunity to promote growth by such eco-

nomic source. It is imposSible to foretell

the season, but it is a safe policy to pre~

pare for a dry Season. An over~abund-

ance of pasture is a great deal better

than to run short and always more prof-

itable. When paSture is short a large

amount of grain must be fed, thereby

materially increasing the cost of produc-

tion and cutting down profits.



Shiawassee Co. LEO C. REYNOLDS.





FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.





 





Summer Forage Crops for Hogs.



I raise O. I. C. hogs. I pastured them

on rape last year and it did not seem to

agree with them. Could you tell me of

some other early crop to take the place

of rape that would make me a good pas-





lure?

Barry Co. P. L. G.

“'e know of no crop which could be





sown in the spring and give as great an

abundance of nutritious forage for h0g9

as will rape. The ideal pasture for hogs

is alfalfa.‘ Clover is good but does not

furnish fresh, nutritious food throughout

the season as does alfalfa. IVhere rape

gets a rank growth and the small pigs are

permitted to run through it it is some-

times irritating to their skin to a degree

which interferes with their thrifty growth.

This is probably due more to the fact

that the moisture on the rape plants

keeps their skin wet; although there may

be some irritating property to the plant

Itself. However, if very young pigs are

not pastured on the rape or are kept out

of it when the plants are wet, We have

never“ known injurious results to at-

tend its use as a green forage for hogs.

and experience has proven it to yield a.

larger amount of green feed than any

other summer-sown crop. Of course, peas

and oats can be sown and will make con—

siderable late pasture and under favor-

able conditions will afford some grain as

well, but will not make the quick growth

and abundant pasture which is afforded

by rape.



At the North Dakota Station, where

COnSiderable attention has been given to

this matter of. summer forage crops for

hogs, the following mixture was used with

good success: One bushel of oats, one

bushel of Canadian field peas; four pounds

of rape and two pounds of millet. At

this station it was found that this mix-

ture‘ would pasture about 16 pigs per

acre, but as the conditions were especial-

ly favorable it is the opinion of experi—

menters that 10 01' 12 pigs per acre would

be about all this mixture Would carry an

ordinary soil. The pigs Were turned into

this forage crop about the middle of

June. A good supplementary grain 4ra~

Lion is, of course, fed in connection with

this summer forage.





.___





 





*—





Provisions in the Chicago market are

meeting with very good cash sales, de—

spite the fact that they command unusu-

ally high prices, being much highe’r than

a year ago, with a big shortage in hold-

ings in Chicago and other western ware-

houses. The bulls are banking strongly

0n. the southern requirements, especially

for the cheaper meats. Both hogs and

their products are evidently going to

bring extra high prices for a long time

ahead, althOugh beyond a certain point

prices cannot be advanced without cut-

ting into general consumption. Fresh

pork, partly because of its relative cheap-

ness has long been an extremely popular

article of meat throughout the country,

and it is so still, although just now the

abundance of choice fresh eggs that sell

at low prices tends to Vastly increase

their consumption, thereby ‘disp‘lacing

meats of. all lei-ads. .
MAY 10, 1913.





HOW TO GET A HERD OF BEEF

CATTLE.





I would like to start a beef, herd of 20

or 25 cows in a year or two but ‘there

are no beef cattle. not even a beef-bred

bull in this locality. What plan would

you suggest to get cows? I want pure-

bred or good grades. \Vas thinking of

buying heifer calves.



Sanilac Co. ' W. D. I.



Under the circumstances mentioned I

should say that the best way to get a

herd of beef cattle would be to buy heif-

ers; that is, it will be the cheapest way.

The quickest way. of course, would be

to buy animals old enough for breeding

at the present time, two-year-olds, or

three-year-olus, or mature cows. One

could go out and buy grade females of

any of the beef breeds of cattle and then

purchase, a beef-bred bull and, of course,

begin to do business at once. If he buys

young heifers he has got to wait until

they mature before he can get a start

and this will take a long time. On the

other 'hand, it will c0st more to buy ma-

ture animals than it will to buy heifers

and one must take his own conditions

into coiiSideration, the amount of money

which he has to put into the herd, and

use his own judgment.



My opinion is that \V. D. I. will want

to get dual purpose animals instead of

strictly beef bred animals if -he wants to

make the greatest profit out of his ven-

ture. The day is practically gone by

whcn you can keep cows just for the

sole purpose of producing calves. They

must give some milk in addition to this

in order to make the great profit.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.



The percentage of heavy steers coming

on the Chicago market is quite small, and

not many are reported left in feeeding

districts.



The course of the Chicago hog market

in recent weeks has disappointed many

stockmen, who were unprepared to wit—



; ness a lower scale of prices, but at such

itimes as eastern shippers are small pur-

‘chasers, it is natural to expect sales on

a declining market, provided the receipts

are not materially lessened. The packers

are talking in a bearish way and profess

to believe that later on there will be much

larger supplies although the great s’hrink-

age in the country’s swine supply as com—

pared with a few years ago is based on

facts that seem incontrovertible. The

tspring pig crop is reported as good, so

ifar as is known, and before many weeks

lioll by it is probable that a good many

told sows will be marketed, thereby in-

icreasing the manutacture of lard and the

icoarser hog meats. . .



. In Montana settlers are bringing in





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





7—567





 





 





 





'thousands of cattle. and agricultural ma-

ichinery is being purchased in train loads.

.The ranges are fast disappearing, and

IMontana towns report fast increasing

populations. Dry farmers are crowding

out the cattlemen. and it is stated that

Mentana will market this year barely ’90,-

000 head of cattle, compared with 105.000

last year. Marketings will include a good

many Mexican, Texas and Arizona cattle

that were taken there in 1011 and 1912.

On the remaining ranges cattlemen are

greatly short of breeding stock, and de-

‘sirable breeding cows and heifers are

likely to be largely retained for breeding

purposes.



Milch cows have been in active demand

‘ in the Chicago stock yards for some time

’for shipment to Utah, Montana and Ida-

ho, and entire carloads have been pur-

chased for around $77) per head. Bankers

in'those states are glad to encourage such

purchases and advance. the required mon-

ey when their assistance is requested.

These cows are wanted largely for the

condensed milk industry, which is an ex-

tremely and fast growing one in that

great inter-mountain country.



\Vestern sheepmen are holding out for

prices for their spring clip of wool that

buyers refuse to pay, but some buyers

are coming around to their terms. A

short time ago it was reported that up-

ward of half a million pounds of shorn

wool around Phoenix, Arizona, was sold

to Boston dealers for about 101/20 a pound.

Thus far the amount of contracting wool

in western states is the smallest in many

years for like periods, with buyers and

sellers frequently from two to three cents

per pound apart. it is stated.



The yearly spring marketing of calves

from the dairy districts of the country

started in recently, and Chicago has been

receiving liberal supplies of the calves,

the offerings including no large percent-

age of heavy ones, nor are there many

female calves, most of these being re-

tained by the dairy interests. Tuesday

of every week is the great market day

for calves, and it is known as “calf day.”

The bad days for selling calves are Mon-

lday and Saturday. and after Friday noon

the demand is very poor. Light weights

are much the best sellers always, but

calves that weight under 50 lbs. should

not be offered for sale and are likely to

be condemned by the health officers as

unfit for food. The most desirable calves

are those from three to six weeks old

and weighing around 100 lbs, or from 80

to 120 lbs. The heavy calves. such as

thOSe that hay been fed on buttermilk.

are not high sellers, being neither good

for veal nor beet. “Bob” condemnations

are frequent,_ and skim-milk calves are

sure to sell at low prices. These are

times when choice veal is among the lux-

uries and sells at extremely high prices

in all retail markets. Calf sweetbreads._





 





 





'Here are‘some

'things which you

should look for in a

L913 can

without them lacks

things you should





have.





:5





A car





New Features





The leading cars of this year

have the left-side drive.

have electric dash





lights—not

lamps.

They have





oversize





They ,

lights—set-in

old projecting





tires.





Real 191 3





 





 





.‘By R. E. 010's, Designer





Rco the Fifth, my latest car,

shows what such cars require.





It is built of steel made to for—

mula, and analyzed twice. The

gears are tested in a SO—ton crush—

ing machine. The springs are

tested for 100,000 vibrations.





Every driving part, as a margin

of safety, is given 50 per cent





overcapacity.

\Ve use 15 roller bearings,

though they cost five times as





much as common ball bearings.

“'c use 190 drop forgings to avoid

the risk of flaws





\Ve use a $75 magneto, a doub-

Iy-heated carburetor, a smokeless

oiling system.





Skimpy tires, which double one’s

tire bills, are quite out-of—(late.





All cars, in such things, follow





the leaders.





doned.





Then men today are buying cars

So the best makers

now are building cars which will

run for years like new.





for keeps.





New ldeals





which cut down upkeep.





 

 

 





30-35





Horsepower '

Wheel Base—1





1 l 2 inchc

Tires—





R. M. Owen & Co., General Sales Agents for Reo Motor Car Co., Lansing, Mich.

Canadian Factory, St. Cathorines, Ont.





34 x 4 inchecl





Center

Control



1 5 Roller

Bearing;





Demountnblc





Three Electric;





lg to

190 Drop

Forgings

Made with

5 and 2





‘ Passenger





odics





And cars





\Vc build slowly and carefully—-

grind parts over and over—~watch

them through endless inspection.





So don’t get features

which the best makers have aban-





Each engine is given five long

tcsts, lasting 48 hours altogether.





 





\Ve could save in our building

about $200 by using less care and

less costly parts. But it would

cost you in upkeep, in years to

come, several times $200.





So we give you the best we





 





Top and windshield not included in price. We equip this car with mohair top. side curtains and slip cover. windshield.

Presto-Lite gas tank for headlights. speedometer. self-starter. extra rim and brackets—all for $100 extra (list price $1 70).

(Gray 8: Davis Electric Lighting and Starting System at an extra price. if wanted.)





Q





know. Then we save you about

20 per cent on our cost by con-

fining our output to this single

model.





Thus we give you a car, built as

we describe, at this matchlcss Reo

price.





Rod Control





Rco the Fifth has our new con-

trol. All the gear shifting is done

with one center rod, entirely out

of the way. it is done by moving

this rod only three inches in each

of four directions.





There are no lcvcrs to clog the

way of the driver. Both brakes

are operated by foot pedals. So

the driver enters from either side.





You will want this feature in

your car when you see how much

it means.





After 26 years spent in can".

building, Reo the Fifth marks theI

best I know. If you want the,

best, please see it.





 





Write for our catalog and we

will direct you to the nearest Reo

showroom. They are everywhere.-





Reo the Fifth





The 1913 Series





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





retail in Chicago for 750 per pound.





   





 





 





 





Buy





13°





tee. ba





G





Clo

$25 .00.

once in



Go

Clothcr

craft la





 





Clothcraft with a Guarantee





K for something more than fit. Whatever you pay.

you have a. right to know how your clothes are

made and what's in them. The Clothcraft guaran-

cked by maker and dealer. tells you.





CLOTHCDAFT





CLOTHES





uaranieed All Wool at $l0 to 525





Every Clothcraft suit carries the written assurance of cloth

that is absolutely all-wool and last color; of first-class trimmings,

scientific tailoring, permanent shape and satisfactory service.

The guarantee in the inside coat pocketcovers these points.





thcraftis made in many fabrics and styles, at $10.00 to

The. fine workmanship is the result of 67 years of experi-

makiug good Ready—for-Service Clothes.



to the Clothcraft store. Ask especially for 5130, the

aft Blue Serge Special at $15.00. Look for the Cloth-

bel and the guarantee.





If you can't locate the Clothcraft store, write us. We will

send you a card of introduction to the nearest dealer, a Cloth—

craft Style Book for Spring and a sample of 5130 Serge.





THE JOSEPH & FEISS COMPANY





Founded 1846—Old65t M akcrs of Men's Clothes in America

623 St. Chit Ave.. N. W.





Cleveland. Sixth City





 





 





 





 





RI . AGENTS

was WANTED

k





 

 

 

 

 

 





l





 

 

 





II EACH TOWI and district to

ride and exhibit a sample 191:1

Model “ Rauger‘ ‘ bicycle

furnished by -us. Our agents

everywhere are making mone

fast. Write at once for fu l



articulars and sgccial ojfer.

£10 MONEY R QUIRED

until you receive and approve

at your bicycle. We ship

anywhere in the U. S. without

a cent deposit in advance.

pre (if rei‘ lit. and allow

10f) 5'! EE TRIAL.

during which time you may

ride the bicycle and put it to

any test you wish. If you are

‘ then not perfectlysatlsfled or

_ _ don't wish to keep the bicycle

" you may sblplt back to us at



our expense and you will not





I

A. .





o be out one cent. W tn 1 hth

e rn s e

I. w FACTORY PRIGES MM, We





bicycle it is possible to make at one small

profit above actual factory cost. You save

010 to 025 mlddlemen’s profits by buying direct





of us and have the mouutooturor’a guarantee behind





your bicycle. DO NOT BUY 3 bicycle or a Dlll‘ of

tires from anyone at any rice until you receive du-

catolo uea and learn our un eord otfactoru prices and

fieailizrwtillillf ssecialsofor.

when you receive our

E “ OIISHE' beautifuloatalogueond

study our superb models at the wonderful low prices we

can make you. We sell the highest grade bicycles at

lower prices than any other factory. We are satisfied

with 01 profit above factor cost. Bicycle Dealers. you

can sell our bicycles un er your own name plate at

double our prices. rdors filled the day received.

SECOND HAND IICYcLIS—A limited number taken

in trade by our Chicago retail stores will be closed out at

filfiofi? Rios???clhhaesfiriptive bargain ilint “ninth:

. rear w eels, nner .

' K lamps. cyclometera. .

repairs and rte for all bicycles at half uouol coo.

DO NOT W lT—but write today for our-Large an at no





beautifully Illustrated and containing a not run or





luterestlngomottcr and maul inform» on. It only





in to t thi d t

°u°hipc°i3i£ 6%.?” "in“ ”them. ll.l..‘
prevent dam-totem garden truck. fruits.

on road to market. Make an wagon aminm

save cost—produce brings inner prices—zngon lasts

. gen—lionesbenefiteduihousands in use— my wagon

rides like auto" says one. Get a pair at dealers.

' If not at dealer's write us. Insist on Harvey's. -

40 sizes—fit any wagon—sustain any load to

10,000 lbs. Catalog and fistful of proofs free.

mm W" 60.. 75311": 8L. nude. Ila.





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 

   

 





 

 





 





 





 





SALESMAN WANTED





SALARY or COMMISSION





Lucrative sition for man with team and wafion. selll

ing Medic nee. Extracts. Spices. Toilet Artie es, etc,

to the Rural trade. '8 can use only responsible men.





Splendid opening. for right man. Want a man for,

l





Genessee and S awassee 00's and for Wayne or

ashtenaw. Apply at once to





THE J. E. DILLON, CO., Ypsilanti, Michigan.





' for the Sterling. the most up‘

“chub“ ‘g'nh "lined to-date and effective hand oper-

ated Vacuum Cleaner made. Works like a carpet sweeper;

three bellows. no dust or germs, three plv hardwoodveneer.

guaranteed, thousands are using them. Sand for prices and

free booklet "Cleanliness in the Home.” Frank Chapman.

Sales Manager for Sterling Vacuum Cleaner 00. .Mnrcellus,Mich.





A ROOF “.2" PROOF Aonusr

WIND LIGHTNING RAIN





We manufacture the world’s best Steel Roofing in

Boil Cap-Pressed standing seam and V crimp. Gal-

vanized Conductor Pipe. Eave Trough and Fittings.

Itwill pay you to send for catalog and prices. Free.





'l'llE MILES IRON s STEEL ROOFING GO, lilies, 0.





 





 





 





 





 





POULTRY.





INGLE’I‘S BARRED ROCKS—Birds of (aunlity and

size. Cock weighs 11 lbs. and oockerels _ that head

selected pens. Eg $1.50 for . Also chome Bronze

Turkeys, can I LNfior 10. Tenfiyesrs a breeder. Plain

View Farm, J. W. Baliard, Prop., Romeo. Michigan.





 





ARRED ROCKS. 8. 0. Beds. We still have a few

00d Bed Cocherels for sale at 82 apiece. Eggs or

hatciiing. OSTRANDER BROS. Morley. glob.





CHICKS—We ship thonsands.difl’erent varieties.

prices ri ht. New booklet just out. free.

FBEEPORT HATC RY. Box 12. Freeport. Mich_





EGGS BARRED Rocxs-lni“.$.:€i::§::¥

W. 0. OOFFMAN. R. No. 6, Benton Harbor. Mich.

East—Barred Bock.WliiteWyandotte.Silver-Sfiangled





Hamburgs. Light Brahma. ‘1 setting .50 two

E. D. BISHOP. Lake Odessa. Mich.





 





 





settings. Mrs.





Eggsday Barred helium}. ékil’igfi

$1. mil.





per 15. Eazsday Poultry Ranch. Marshall.





E ‘ E —Barred Rock. first few mated with ckls.

v usdh‘ect from Brodie Bros..83 per 13,Utility

floc . 32 per 15. A. A. PATTUL O. Deckerville. Mich.





 





 





Oll SALE-Jinn from prize winning B.C.B.I.Reds.$l.50 per [5.

Eggs from standard bred fawn a white Ind. Runner Ducks.

white eggs strain, 8.50pm- 18. Coy G.Brumin. Nashville. Mich.





ILVER LACED. golden and whiteWyandottes. Eggs

S for hatching at reasonable prices: send for circular.

Browning's Wyandotte lam. R. ill. Portland; Mich.





S. t. I. Ilium liockml: and l'. ll. Fall Pip.





Satisfaction auaranteed. R. W. Mills. Saline. Mich.





Barred Rock. B. 1. Beds. Mam-

mo Winnin‘ moth Pekin and I. Runner ducks.

Stock for sale. E 31. 82. 33. per set. Utility 5 not no.

EMWOOD FAR . R. R. No. 13. Grand Rapids. Mich.





OOLUMBIA Wyendcttes. Winners at Chicago.Grand

Rapids. South Bend and St J h. Stock and eggs.

RICH. RD BAWYE’B. Benton arbor. Michigan





OAK KNOLL POULTRY-Biker and Partridge





Winndcttes and Ind. Runner Ducks. for

sale. . H. QJ.A. COLLAR. Cooper-ville. Mi igan.





S. C. R. er 81 pct 15.





Elms! E. Smith. R. 2. Box 52. o‘ford. Hid].





 





 





 





 





 





 





ROSE COMB BROWN LEGHOBNS from Mad. Square Garden

winners. ears and day~old chicks our fiecialty. Also Mani.

Pokin Duck eggs. Claudia Bette. llledale. Mich.





STANDARD FRED POULTRY R. I. REDS either comb. Show

quality eggs ‘2 per 15, Fancy 82 per 80. Runner & Rene:

duck eggs 81.50 per 12. At. geese eggs 82.50 per 5. All mailed

roe to you. Mich. nt seed corn ‘2 per us.

FRENCH FRUIT & POULTRY FARM, Lndinzton, Michigan.





CRYSTAL WHITE ORPING TONE-Excellent laying

strain. eggs at half price. Breedin stock at

gvreatly reduced rices after May let. Mating int. M38.

ILLIS HOUG Pine Crest Farm. Boy Oak. Mich.





LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY

B.P.Bock 3.1.“. d .0.W. e-

for sale. 5" for 81: I 1331.350: liO fell"0 '33"

COLON 0. 1.11.1.1]. Cooper-ville. Utah.

HITE BOOK. 8. 0. WHITE LEGEORN. BLACK





8 ninh and Indian Runner du k e .5;

30. :2 $33; no. :5. o. N. BURT.6-k:gg'd.15(')iiio.





 





 





 





 





 





AHMOTH BRONZE TOM TURKEYS. weighing

from 10 lbs. to 36 lbs. each. accordinqvto sue. Also

Turkey Eats. 33hr 10. A. E. ORAMTON. assar. Mich.





ii. a. l. i. “ll £668, $1.58 PER 15, mmm.

ohm.





BUELL 3308.. Ann Arbor. If

“a. ' .u‘m—gnowfwhite. Yinter layin drain.

circular.’ David Ray. fimevd.f%Msfi=n‘t§A-Ilt:hg

wmr mesons-unto" 3...». m-

Maple cm Poultry Plant. °Bo§ offliifigfgf‘rufifiii

n‘dhs-«Noted for size. vim and pro-





While '1! ductlon. cirou!





er in

February. A. "norms surm. Ann Arbor. lilies.

noes.





on IE8 auilnelittner now ready from Belllilgld?

l I eon. er pups ave ven on



far i . i t d ten

dollars each. 3308‘an FAWEOl-dn‘h fannioh.





 





 





 





 





 





h

H





 





W m llillll“ hams?“ FERRET:





Sen stamp.





W. 'E. LBOKY. Bolmeevllle. Ohio





 





 





 





TH E M if: Hi1 o AN! F A""R.M E‘Rfi





 

 





   





gummflmllwmflmmmmmflmmmmmmlm W H H IlllilvwwhIIiuil‘HHil illhlumi- rli'lmio-r‘vvmnwu u' “mm iimilmmniwlé

g i E

Poultry and B cs. 3

gilllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllflllllllIIllflllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





EXTERNAL PARASITES OF FOWLS.





 





, There‘ls nothing in the management of



poultry—too small or too trivial for no-

tice. Although one is apt to forget this

and deal. with greater subjects, even if

not of more importance, I will say a lit-

tle about the external parasites of fowls

and} the best way of preventing and de-

stroying them. ‘ . _



Of the animal parasites there are three

kinds—fleas, lice and mites—and neglect

of these will account for loss instead of

profit in any poultry yard. Growing

chickens suffer most from these insidious

little enemies, broody hens next; but any

and all kinds lose condition through them,

and not only are considerably less pro-

ductive but are rendered an easier prey

to the diseases caused by the internal

and minuter parasitic life. One of» our

keenest observers says that he has never

found roup in fowls without an accom-

panying large number of body lice.





Fleas are true insects. having six legs.

and feed upon the blood. Theyhave a.

sucking mouth, and are not usually found

on the fowls as they feed at night. Neg-

lected sitting-boxes swarm with them. I

have known orange boxes, taken from a.

sitting-housc and kept in the open for

months. often during very wet weather,

to Show fi'eas present in myriads and as

lively as ever. This shows how tenacious

they are of life and how easily they breed

under adverse circumstances. Dark, bad-

ly-ventilated h0uses are where they thrive

best. and where it is most difficult to ex-

tirpate them. All cracks and crevices

harbor them, as well as holding the dust

and filth in which they revel. The female

lays the egg in such crevices, and in the

dirty straw of the nests. They mature

into fleas in from three to five weeks, ac-

cording to the warmth. There is only

one variety, and that is one too many for

the comfort of either fowl or man.



The Biting Lice (M-allophaga)

have many species, eight being found up-

on the chicken, four on the duck, five on

the goose, and three on the turkey. My

experience has been that they are rarely

present on waterfowl and seem to do lit-

tle or no harm there. The kinds common

to one species of bird will not thrive on

another.

different parts of the body. - The two

principal ones are found under the wings

and near the anus. the latter especially

being found in clusters. ”Very few heal-

thy fowls are so clean that a few of

these may not be discovered unless one

is continually dressing. To examine for

lice, always look under the tall first; if

there are none. the chances are there are

none elsewhere. It needs a quick eye. for

as soon as the feathers are opened they

rush to cover. Another species, the Men-

opon palladium, wanders all over the

body, and is often found off it in the

nests. This is the kind that covers the

hands when plucking a fowl. These lice

do not suck the blood as do fleas and

mites, but scrape so hard at the skin as

to set up inflammation. They live upon

the skin scales and outer quill layers; in

fact, little of the secretions come amiss

to them.

Young Turkey Pests.



There is one kind, resembling a, dog

tick, which is found on the heads of fur-

key poults. and I believe this is identical

with the one found on chickens' heads.

These should always be looked for in

turkey poults. Lice breed rapidly, and

eggs deposited on the down at the base

of feathers hatch out into small complete

lice in a week if the weather is warm.

These moult their skin many times be-

fore full growth is arrived at. Mites,.in

my opinion, cause more direct loss than

lice, as the latter rarely’increase to such

numbers with fairly well managed fowls

as to make serious loss, while mites, if

directly neglected, will bring “hideous

ruin” to a. poultry yard.



The worst is the red hen-mite (Der—

manyssus avium). These are often to be

found in large numbers in poultry houses

,where the owner had no idea of their

presence. If ever I visit a yard where

the fowls look anaemic, I search for the

red mite. If the perches are of rang-h





poles, with the bark cracked and lifted





from drying, huge clusters will often be

found on removing the bark, the color





-. varying from dark red in the early morn- ’





ing to pale yellow at eVening, according

to the length of time since the blood was





.but a





Different kinds of lice infest‘





drawn from the fowl’s body. Dark, filthy-

smelling houses always are favored by

them, and those with damp, festering

h‘éaps from leaky roofs are almost certain

to be infested. Even with the greatest

care, mites cannot always be kept away.

In my own pattern houSes, as light as the

day and built so that the sun can flood

the inside, I have occasionally found

them in the slots where the perches rest,

amOng the little skin dust which will ac-

cumulate unless the perches are moved

very often. These mites, under a. micro-

scope, are seen to have four pairs of legs,

and to be of a, hairy appearance. They

are, when full, little more than sacks of

blood, and if one of them ’is cracked be-

tween the thumbnails there is little left

splash of blood. They are most

tenacious of life and can live for, cer-

tainly months, although no one knows ex—

actly how long, without the live host to

feed upon. Another mite (Sarcoptes mu-

tans) is responsible for the Scale—like

eruptions on fowls’ legs, while still an~

other, sometimes called the “depluming

mile,” is generally responsible for feather

pulling.



ln combating all these parasites. com-

mon sense and cleanliness go a. long way.

First, houses must be light, airy, and

kept clean. They must be so construct-

ed that there are no crevices and no dark

cornerS. Once a, week best, although once

a fortnight may do, they should be tidied

up. Perches and nest boxes should be

thrown outside, walls and roof swept

down with a hard brush, and the whole

interior sprayed with fluid disinfectant

and water (about one in fifty). The

loose floor depOSit should be forked over

or stirred up with the foot and the nest

boxes sprayed and put back into place

with a little fresh straw. This does not

take more than ten minutes. The perches

may be wiped occasionally with a cloth

soaked in petroleum. There will prob-

ably be no fleas and no red mites in

these houses. \Vith such cleanliness and

the use of a dust bath—best made out of

sand, wood ashes, and a little lime, creo-

sote or petroleum, mixed in~there should

be no body lice on the birds worth con-

sideration. It is not much trouble to do

all I have said, and that trouble is well

repaid. It only requires system and a.

determination to properly look after poul-

try, as well as the larger stock.



Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





 





 





FEEDING YOUNG DUOKLINGS.





 





Duckii’ngs should be 1m In the incu-

bator for 24 to 48 hours. They do not

need feed during this period and would

not eat if it were given them. Just be-

fore hatching, the duckling absorbs the

yolk, which supplies food enough to last

during the period mentioned.





When removing from the incubator

place them immediately in a brooder or

brooding pen and give the following ra-

tion: Four parts bran, one part corn

meal and one part flour middlings. They

should be kept on this ration for a, week

and should be fed at least fiVe times

daily. The mixture should be damp but

not sticky.



When they are a, week old, and from

then on until they are four weeks old,

the following ration should be fed: Four

parts bran, one part corn meal, one part

flour, 10 per cent beef scrap, 10 per cent

green food, three per cent grit and one

per cent oyster shell.





At the end of four weeks the ration is

again changed to the following ingredi-

ents: Three parts bran, one part corn

meal, one part flour, with same percent-

ages of other ingredients as above. This

is fed until they are six weeks old, when

the ration is again changed to the fol-

lowing: Equal parts of bran and corn

meal, with 15 per cent flour, 10 per cent

beef scrap, 10 per cent green stuff, three

per cent grit and one per cent oyster

shell. This is fed-until the duckiings are

ready to be fattened at eight, or ten

weeks of age. .



\Vhere ducks are grown for breéders a.

simple maintenance ration may be given

after the eighth week, as they Will 116-

come too fat for breeding purposes if kept

on heavy rations. The main. thing- is to

keep the ducklings growing from the

first.



Fresh water should be easily accessible





to the ducklings at, feeding time. The





yOunz ducklings 'eat so fast that there is





MA¥ .10. -1913.





danger‘orchomng unless water is handy

to washthe fooddcwn. Ducklings mite

several trips to the water fountain during

feeding. No more feed should be given

than will be thoroughly cleaned up in 15

minutes.





Wisconsin. GEO. C. Mon-ms.





 





PREPARING BEES FOR THE HONEY

FLOW.





 





From the time that bees start bringing

in the first pollen, the care the bee-keep-

er gives his bees means the securing of

a large or a small crop, according to the

time and attention given and the skill

displayed. As soon as the first pollen is

secured. bees should‘be encouraged to

rear brood as fast as possible. This pol-

len will, in most localities, be the green-

ish-pink of the soft maple and the yel-

lowish-green of the elm. These are val-

uable trees for the bee-keeper as they

are early and profuse pollen producers.



Hives should be well protected. as cold

days in a changeable spring will some-

times seriously impair the working force

of a hive that is well populated. The

feeding of a little sugar syrup every day

up to the starting of the honey flow is

highly recommended. Exception to this

may be made during days when bees

are able to get some honey from some

early nectar sources, such as the dande—

lion and the fruit bloom. both of which

last but a few days. Next to the feeding

of a little sugar syrup or the daily gath—

ering of a little nectar, the having of

plenty of honey stores are valuable.



Look over and inspect each hive and

see that each has a vigorous queen. If a

poor queen is found, she is killed and a

good young one given, or the bees in

Such a. hive united with a weak hive

having a good queen. An old or poor

queen is easily told by the scattering of

her brood. Many cells which are empty

or Occupied by eggs or larvae will be

found among capped brood. This scat-

tering is, to a greater or less extent, ac-

cording to the DOOl‘lleSS of the queen.



In putting the apiary in readiness for

the coming active season, the hives may

be lined up in straight rows or in some

sort of symmetrical manner that allows

caSy access to any one of them by wheel-

barrow or cart. Hives should also be

level-ed both ways. with the exception of





a slight pitch to the front to allow water -





to drain off the bottom-board in case of

a beating rainstorm. Hives being level is

important, especially when producing

comb honey and when the rows of sec-

.tions extend lengthwise, as the majority

of comb-honey supers are thus arranged.

“later is essential to bees in the spring.

If a small stream, well protected by

shrubbery, is near. this will be excellent,

but water in pails, with grass or pieces

of wood floating in them to keep bees

from drowulng, will answer the purpose.



A condition of the hive at the first of

the seaSon which makes many bee-keep-

ers think that robbing is going on.

is. that seen when young bees play. At

that time of the year there are a large

number of young bees and every nice

day they go out to play and sun them-

selves. They walk over the front of the

hive and fly backward and forward with

their heads toward the hive, acting in a.

manner similar to robbers. A careful

look will show that they are fuzzy, rather

grey Colored young bees. Robbers are

generally shiny dark bees with few hairs

on their body.



Get Supplies Ready.





All supplies needed for the coming sea-

son should be in readineSS for use, with

the exception of putting the foundatiori

into the brood frames and the sections.

This may be left until the latest time at

which You will have leisure before you

need them. I find that bees accept this

fresh foundation much. more readily and

start work upon it much quicker than

on that which has been in for some time

and which has become hard and brittle.



Hives should be well painted, not only

because it Day’s in preserving and length—

ening the life of the hive but also be-

cause it keeps out moisture.





Care should be taken that no Weak ccl- _





only is robbed by its stronger neighbors

by reducing the entrance of the hive to

fit the strength of the colony. No larger

entrance should be given in the‘spring

than they are able to guard and defend.

Weak colany entrances may be reduced

to as low as two inches in width. Later,

during the honey flow, the very Weakest,

ones may be opened full width, as there

is little danger of robbing git that time.

Shiawassee Co. N. F. Guru.



-Den't set your. bees in a. place where.

they will annoy the public. ' '





 





 





 





 





1

l





 





H v 2..-
y.





MAY 19, 1913.





a

E

E

E

5





Practical





E

=





SPICES—(Continued).





-—___





'clnnamon and Cassia.





There are two varieties of this spice

which have been allowed, up to date, to

pass on equal terms in the market. These

are cinnamon and cassia. They are used

largely for the same purposes, but be-

long to two entirely distinct species. The

true cinnamon is much more valuable

than cassia, even as the high-grade va-

nilla is superior to the extract from the

Tonka bean. The flavor of the true cin-

namon is very delicate and pleasant,

while the flavor of cassia is much strong—

er, and coarser.



Cinnamon is obtained from the bark of

the cinnamon tree. It is native to Java

and Southern Asia, particularly the is-

lands of the tropics. The purest quality

of cinnamon comes from the island of

Ceylon. It has a dietinct color when tak-

en from the inner bark and is thin and

very delicate in flavor.





Oil of CinnamOn.





Both cinnamon and cassia owe their

value as a spice to the peculiar pungent

volatile oil. The principal content of this

oil is cinnamic aledyde, although there

are other esters present that undoubtedly

contribute to its value. There is abun-

dant reaSOn why there should be a dif-

ferentiation between cinnamon and cas-

sia. If the consumer is desirous of get-

ting the delicate flavor which is conveyed

by cinnamon alone, it will be necessary

to insist (in-being supplied with cinna—

mon, and not casSia. The two products

are not identical and should be differen-

tiated in commerce.



In the detection of adulterants in cin-

namon and cassia the microscope is again

one of the best agents at the. hand of

the analyst. The main adulterants of

these two spices are the same as in other

spices, namely, ground olive stones, co-

coanut shells, cereal products and other

bark than cinnamon.





Cloves.





Clover are the dried flower of the

clove tree, which is an evergreen, and

the flowers are undeveloped. Cloves are

valuable, of course. because of the vola-

tile oil which they contain. The clove

tree is native to the West Indies and

tropical regions.



Eugenol is perhaps the chief constituent

of the clove oil. It is antiseptic to some

degree. The microscope is the analyst’s

chief agent in detecting adulteration in

c.0veS‘.



Clove Stems are Used to Adulteratc.





The usual gross adulterants are the

same as are used in other spices, but the

substitution of clove Stems in the ground

product, in the absence of the micro-

scope, might destroy some of the chem-

ist’s evidence in attempting to detect

adulteration in this form.



Tannin is considered quite a constituent

in cloves and this determination will

Serve to assist in identifying possible

adulterants.



The use of cloves which have been ex-

hausted of their volatile oil, and their

fixed oil likewise, for clove extract or oil

of cloves, is also used as an adulterant

of ground cloves, and in the absence of

chemical methods might successfully pass

scrutiny under the microscope.



So it will be seen that to detect the

various forms of adulteration that are

now practiced in spices needs the clever

combination of skill with chemical ma—

nipulation, and the microscope at the

same time.





TUBERCULOSIS 0F CATTLE.





Tuberculosis is a widespread disease

affecting animals and man.



Human beings and cattle are its chief

victims, but there is no kind ‘of animal

that will not take it. Hogs and chickens

are quite often affected; horses, sheep

and goats but seldom, while cattle are

the most susceptible of all animals.





History.



Where did tuberCtIIOSis come from? We

do not know. History records it from the

earliest times.



Over a century ago its contagious na-

ture was suspected and many facts were

recorded to prove that it must be “catch-

ing.” Doctors differed about it and fora

long time the questiOn was hotly disput-

ed. Finally it. was settled by Dr. Robert





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





ll|lllll|llIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIHII|Ii1lmillllllilillllllimlllllIllIllll|mmIIllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllIilIIIllIlIllIllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIlllll|IllllllllillllHlllllllllUilllllllllllllllllllit





llllllllllllllll





 





Science.





lIllIllIlII|Illlllllilllllllllllllllllll|illlllilllilllllllllilllllllllIIllllllillllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl





Koch, a distinguished German physician,

who discovered the germ of the disease

in the year 1882, and named it bacillus





tuberculosis. He proved by experiment

that the disease is produced by these

germs and without them the disease can-

not be produced. It is now universally

admitted that tuberculosis is a contag-

ious disease and may be transmitted from

animal to man.



In America the disease was introduced

with early importations of cattle and has

been with us ever since. Modern meth-

ods of transportation by rail and water

have spread the disease from one end of

the continent to the other. No part of

the country is entirely free from it but

it is more prevalent near the great cen-

ters of population than in the remoter

parts. '



Importance. ..





The importance of the disease must be

estimated from two points of view;first,

the loss it entails upon the cattle owner,

and second, the danger of communica-

:ion to human beings.



Consider first, its effect upon the pock-

et of the owner of the cattle, whether

farmer, breeder or dairyman. A serious

percentage of the dairy cows of the con-

tinent are. affected and the. disease is

found in even a larger percentage of

herds. The disease is commoner in some

regions than in others.



It is no uncommon thing to find as

many as 70 per cent or 80 per cent of the

cows in a herd diseased. These animals

will be in various stages of the disease,

some recently infected, showing no signs

0f ill health, others badly diseased but

outwardly appearing healthy, while a few

are evidently breaking down and wasting

away.



The loss to the owner is evident when

a cow dies of the disease, or when an

apparently healthy cow is slaughtered for

beef and found so badly affected as to be

unfit for food.



The calves in such a. herd do not long

remain healthy, they catch the disease be—

fore many months old and are a source

of loss instead (if gain.



Although the distaste is most frequent-

ly found in herds that are more or less

closely confined, such as dairy herds and

pure—bred cattle, other herds are by no

means free from it. Even range cattle

are sometimes affected and the infection

spreads in spite of the open air life of

thc cattle.



TubcrculOSis is common among hogs.

The. public abattoirs report that a serious

percentage of all hogs inspected are found

to be tuberculousfi,‘



The aggregate of these losses among

cattle and hogs is enormous, amounting

to millions of dollars every year, and ma-

terially decreasing the food supply of the

country.



Turning to the other aspect of the case,

the danger of infection of human beings

with tuberculosis from cattle, we have

only to conSider a few facts to realize

the vital importance to every community.



Milk is the staple food of infants and

young children and is usually taken in

the raw state. If this milk is from a tu~

berculous cow, it may contain millions of

living tubercle germs. Young children

fed on such milk often contract the dis-

ease, and it is a frequent cause of death

among them.



Meat from tuberculous cattle is not so

likely to convey the infection for several

reasons. It does not so frequently con-

tain the germs, cooking destroys those

that may be present, and lastly, meat is

not consumed by very young children.





Nature of the Disease.



Tuberculosis is contagious or “catch-

ing." It spreads from cow to cow in a

herd until most of them are affected.

This may not attract much notice from

the owner, as the disease is slow to de-

velop and a cow may be affected for

months and sometimes years, before any

signs of ill health are to be seen.



This slow development is the chief rea-

son for the great loss it causes to the

farmer. He does not suspect its presence

in his herd until perhaps a large number

are diseased. If the disease developed

rapidly and caused death in a few days,

the owner would soon take steps to check

its'progress and protect the rest of his

herd. Tuberculosis is slow and hidden in

its course and thus arouse no suspicion

until great damage is done—(Facts from

Minnesota Extension Bulletin No. 32).





fHay Forks that Make





9—569





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HE Highway Magazine

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economy in road making and maintenance.





 

 

 





I, . .

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[93‘0" - K ':



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Send us your name and the name of the man who is responsible

for the roads in your township, and we will put you on our compli- .

mentary mailing list, and send you the Highway Magazine regularly

for a year. FREE. Write today.





Publisher HIGHWAY MAGAZINE





539 Walnut Street Cincinnati, Ohio





 

 

   





 





 





_(.. SIMMO/ys '





Work Easier KEEN‘ I

You warm up to Keen Kutter Hay Forks KUTTER .





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KEEN [(UTTEK





Quality Tools





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If you buy any tool bearing the Keen Kutter trade

mark and it does not prove absolutely perfect, you!

dealer will refund your money.





 

   

   

 





" The RecoIIeclion of Quality Remain:

Long After the Price in Forgotten. "

Trade Mark Registered. —E. C. SIMMONS.





 

   





If not at your dealer's, write us.





SIMMONS HARDWARE CO., Inc.

St. Louis, New York,



Philadelphia, Toledo, Minneapolis,



Sioux City, Wichita.





 

 

   

 

 

 





 





iiiiilmillliiiui '





., ‘ 'liiiliiiiilli...m





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 





 

 

 

 





 





see. a A I: I: L ET uN.

- A a!” . Appleton-Goodhue Windmills will pump your wafluconfi

f": ;, r, ' “1""?! 0mICfllly, work whenever the wind blows and keep atitfor





years. For a nominal sum we will Insure for spears

against cyclones, tornadoes, anything but neglect. '

> Why eyperiment; buy a simple, sturdy, safe, self-oiling,



self-governing Appleton Goodhue outfit.





FARM POWERS





When the wind don’t blow you will need an Appleton

Gasoline Engine and pump jack. You can belt on to the



pump, when needed, or run your churn, hand Iheller, etc.

For heavy work,running the hulkerorsilo filler you have your

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. APPLETON MFG. CO., 32 o Fargo St, Bahvio, Ill.





 





/ veto I8 are .

SKIDDED-PORTABLE





 





 





When Writing, to Advertisers please

mention the Michigan Farmer.
7' V. “was"





 





570—10





The Michigan Farmer

Esmbllshcd 1843. .

The Lawrence Publishing Co.

Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 Conmtsgwwit. Michigan.

Nuw You Omen—41 Park Row





Omoaeo Duluth—ll) First Nat'l: Bank Building.

Omvnumn Orifice-10114015 Oregon Ave.. N. .





 





 

 





 





M J. LAWRENCE...........................President

M. L. LAWRENCE ....... ....... Vice-President.

E. II. HOUGETON..........................Sec.-Treas.

I, R. ATERBURY .......



0. E. YOUNG Associate

BURT WERMUTH itors.



ALTA LAWSON LITTELL.................





 





E. K. HOUGHTON..................aniness Manager





 





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lean, postofllce.





COPYRIGHT I9l3

by the Lawrence Pub. 00. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

this issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN

FARMER immediatly upon expiration of time sub-

scribed for. and we w ll pay all expenses for defending

any suit brought against any subscriber to The Mich-

igan Farmer by the publisher of any farm paper.

which has been sent af er the time ordered has expired.

providing due notice is sent to us. before suit is started.



Avoid urther trouble by refusing to subscribe for

any farm paper which does not print. in each issue. a

definite uarantee to stop on expiration of subscrig-

tion. '1‘ e Lawrence Publishing 00.. Detroit, Mic .





DETROITLMAHY_10’ 1913.





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





So rapid has been the

The Tariff and progress of the House

the Farmer. debate on the l‘nder-

wood bill that within a

few days at most this general tariff rc-

vision will have passed the House and

bc. before the United States Senate for

consideration. As previously indicated.

the great fight against this bill will be

conducted in the Senate. and it is prob-

able that much time will be consumed.

not 'only in debate but in hearings ot‘

the varied interests of the country, the

representatives of which will seek an 0])-

portunity to be heard on this momentous

question. It is stated upon good author-

ity that a systematic campaign will be

conducted by the manufacturers of the

country with the hope of getting import-

ant amendments made to the l'nderwood

bill. Also the farmers and special pro-

ducing interests of some scctions of the

country will doubtless enter formal pro-

tests where there is any hope that such

protests might prove effective,



So far as Michigan is concerned, as

has been heretofore stated in our col—

umns, there is little that farmers or, in

fact, any interests of the state can do

along this line that would be at all ef-

fective in influencing this legislation. As

has been previously noted, it has been

conceded by all that there was no hope

of preventing the passage of this bill,

substantially as drawn, through the lower

House of Congress. The big fight against

it will be made in the Senate, and as

Michigan's two senators will in any even'

be opp05ed to the bill, because of their

party affiliations and previous declara-

tions upon this question of public policy.

there is no opportunity for Michigan peo—

ple, and especially Michigan farmers, to

do any very effective work against this

bill since their influence with other than

Michigan senators would be very small

indeed. .



This fact has deterred us from com-

menting upon this pending legislation in

a manner which would naturally excite

our readers to alarm over its probable

effect upon Michigan agriculture. A care-

ful review of the provisions of the L'n-

derwood bill cannot but convince any

thoughtful man that its primary object

is to cheapen the cost of the necessities

of life to the consumer. rather than to

afford any 'degree of needed protection

to the producer of such necessities, al-

tnough as a matter of fact, as previously

nored, the necessity of providing an ade-

quate revenue has operated to retain at

least a semblance of protection. on many

commodities, even in this bill. “Vere

there any pessibllity of doing effective

work toward securing its amendment' in

any important particular. which would

be helpful to Michigan agriculture, the

publishers of the Michigan Farmer would

be just as” active and contribute just as

freely in effort and money to bring about





 





 





such creatures they did when‘ the pro:

paced reciprocity agreement with Canada,

was pending two years ago.’ But, as

above noted. that opportunity is not now

afforded and the best available informa—

tion seems to indicate that the demo-

cratic leaders will be able to pass this

bill through the Senate, regardless of the

strenuous protests which will be regis-

tered against it by representatives of the

industries affected.





Under these conditions we can perform

no better service to our readers than to

point out the host course to pursue, as

we see it, pending the readjustment of

business which will naturally follow the

enactment of a radically changed tariff

law. At first thought in looking over the

schedules of the Underwood bill it would

seem that Michigan would be affected by

these changes to as great if not a greater

degree than any other state.





First mentioned among the changes

which will be heard aong farmers, par-

ticularly in the sugar beet sections of the

state, is the proposed change in the sug-

ar schedule. This will result it is stated,

in a reduction of the present duty by

about 25 per cent with a proviSion that

sugar will be placed on the free list on

May 1, 1916. In the intervening period

the sugar mills of the state should be

able to operate with profit without re-

duction in the price of the raw material

rom farmers, although their policy will

doubtless be shaped, in some degree at

least, with a view to the future.



In other sections where sheep produc-

tion is a factor the free wool provision

of this bill is perhaps more talked of.

Fortunately pcrhaps, the sheep industry

is not made a specialty except as a feed-

ing industry on many farms, the bulk of

our sheep being kept in small ilocks on

farms where diversified farming is prac-

ticed. which will make this less of a

hardship to most farmers than would

otherwise be the case.





“'hile meats are put on the free list, 8.

moderate duty is retained on all live

stock with the exception of swine, and

since the price of meat in this country

can scarcely be considered to be above

the world price level. no immediate. dc-

ciine in meats or meat products should

follow the enactment of this law.





“'hile cream and milk are placed on

the free lis‘t the duty is rctained on but-

ter and cheese. and also upon eggs,

which will be likely to protect these in-

dustries from any immediate hardship.



Erains, with the cxception of rye. still

carry a moderate duty, flour, however,

bcing placed on the free list, but with

the proviso that it shall be free only from

countries which do not impose a duty

upon the same products from this coun-

try. The duty on beans is reduced from

45c to 25c per bushel. In this case it is

difficult to prophecy with any degree of

accuracy what the effect may be in ad-

mitting foreign grown beans. but under

these conditions this great Michigan in-

dustry can hardly be destroyed.





Potatoes are placed on the free list.

and in a season- of limited production

this will undoubtedly make considerable

difference, althOugh in a season of heavy

production like the last it would prob-

ably not be noticeable.



A duty of $2 per ton is retained on hay

instead of $4 as under the present law.





On fruits, such as are grown in Michi-

gan, more adequate duties are levied un-

der the new bill. appleS. peaches, quinceS,

cherries and plums retaining a duty of

we per bushel of 50 pounds, edible ber-

ries onc-half cent per quart and grapes

:23 cents per cubic foot of capacity of

the package in which they are packed.





The above covers the principal items of

the staple agricultural products of Mich.-

igan. “’hile the situation might be bets

ter from the standpoint of all who are

interested in Michigan agriculture, still

it might be even worse. If the hopes of

the democratic leaders are carried out

and prices of necessities are lowered or

made more uniform through the operation

of this law, but one avenue lies open 'to

the producers of Michigan and that is by

intensive culture, by the use of more la-

bor-saving methods, to cheapen the cost

of production to a degree which will still

yield them the approximate profit which

they received under the higher price

level. There is a likelihood that if the

result aimed at is brought about the cost

of labor will' also be cheapened.



“'e have indulged in this, plain talk

with regard to .the pending tariff bill.

not only as an assurance to our readers

that we would gladly do anything to aid

in changing many of its provisién's'were‘

that poSsible, but as well 'to present such





.-...,. ......c- ... «.....s .....;.......-





\





T H EM ICE 1 G ANVJF‘AR'MFE R~~~





items of, asneouragement as may be

gleaned from an analysis of the same in

the light of present cOndltions of Mich-

igan agriculture, to the end that need-

less alarm may not be indulged in, but

that all practical steps may be taken to

forestall any possible effect of this change

in tariff conditions by improving our

methods and cheapening the cost of pro-

duction until opportunity is afforded to

bring about in Some other manner

changes in these schedules which may be

demonstrated as necessary to the pros-

perity of our industries.



Michigan is an exceptionally prosperous

agricultural state. Its widely diversified

farming is an insurance against general

crop failures and no change in tariff

policy can permanently injure her agri-

culture. '





Pursuant to our pur-

Tax Legislation. pose expressed in the



last issue to briefly re-

view the legislation enacted ,by the Leg—

islature in the 'session just closed during

the ninety days which Will elapse between

the final adjournment and the date when

these laws will be put into force, we will

take up in this comment one phase of

legislation enacted. There is perhaps no

matter of greater interest to all the peo-

ple of the state. and especially country

people, than that of taxation. Hence in

this comment we will touch upon the tax

legislation enacted by the Legislature

during its recent session.





Perhaps the most important act in this

claSs was that giving the State Tax Com-

mission supervisory power over all mu-

nicipal and township assessing officers

and authorizing them to call-upon the at-

torney general or prosecuting attorney to

prOsecute before the Governor any charges

against an assessing officer who fails to

assess the property within his jurisdic-

tion at its true cash value as required by

constitutional provision and providing

that if such charges are substantiated

the Governor may remove the assessing

officer from office. This legislation is in

line with that enacted by previous legis-

latures in broadening the power of the

Stale Tax Commission. At the present

time the State Tax Commission is con-

tinuing its work of the previous year in

looking over all the property in several

counties in order to ascertain its true

cash value for assessing purposes. This

broadening of the law will enable the tax

commissioners to put all of the property

of the state on the assessment rolls at

its true cash value prior to the next:

equalization of assessed valuation of the

several counties of the state and will

put them in a position to bring about a

more just equalization of property values

than has ever previously been made in

Michigan. In the end this placing of all

property upon the assessment rolls at its

actual cash value will not increase the

burden of taxation paid by any particular

property, although the assessed valuation

of the property upon which state taxes

are apportioned. will, in: the opinion of some

members of the Tax Commission at least,

be increased approximately one-third. It

may in effect decrease to some extent the

rate of taxes paid by corporations now

aSScssed at the average rate which other

property pays throughout the state. but

it is probable that here again cash val-

ues will be readjusted as upon other

classes of property, so that. carried out

in accordance with its spirit, this law

will tend toward justice in the equaliza-

tion of the burden of general taxation

rather than favor any kind or class of

property over any other.





Perhaps the item of tax legislation of

next greatest interest. to many readers

at least, will be the act providing for a.

uniform tax of 50 cents per horsepower

on all motor vehicles in lieu of all other

local and state taxes against such prop-

erty. The income from this tax will go

into the good roads fund and it is esti-

mated rhat the amount derived from this

source will reach $600,000 annually at the

start.



Another act requires the members of

the State Tax Commission to devote their

entire time to the duties of their office

and increaSes their salaries to $3,600 per

annum.



Another act requires the county treas-

urer to notify property owners by regis-

tered mail 30 days before their property

is to be sold for delinquent taxes, thus

giving them an opportunity to redeem

their property if they are able and will-

ing to do so.



Another act previously mentioned in

these columns, provides that the county

treasurer shall certify on deeds presented

for Certificate that all taxes .are__paid,





‘v





that the owner called for that purpose, ~

then the owner must be notified if any





errors should be made and any items of

unpaid taxes found to be charged against

the property.



The inheritance tax law was amended.

requiring the payment of taxes on the

stock or bonds of foreign corporations,

when such securities are owned by an

estate, before valid transfers of such

stocks or bonds can be made. This

amendment also provides that bequests

made to grandparents up to $5,000 shall

be exempt from inheritance taxes, grand-

parents not being included with parents,

husband, wife and children in the ex-

emption under the previous law. The

amount of exemption of all of the above

is raised from $2,000 to $5,000.





Another act which completes the list of

important tax legislation enacted at the

recent session, provides for the payment

of one-half of one per cent upon bonds

and security investments issued by cor-

porations of Michigan and other states

in lieu of all other taxes, the sameas

mortgages are now assessed under the

present law.





In a recent issue of

Cold Storage and the Michigan Farmer

Food- Prices. some statistics recent-

ly prepared by the

Department of Agriculture, from data

collected in an investigation of cold stor-

age in the United States, were published.

These statistics shed considerable light

upon the economy of cold storage and

when considered in connection with an

investigation of the influence of cold stor-

age upon the price for foodstuffs stored

are still more illuminating.





In studying this problem of the effect

of cold storage of foodstuffs on prices of

same, the statistics with regard to the

fraction of such products so stored are

surprising in that they Show such a rela-

tively small percentage. The statistics

above mentioned show that only about 3.1

per cent of the year’s production of fresh

beef goes into cold storage; 4.1 per cent

of fresh mutton and 11.5 per cent of fresh

pork being so stored for varying periods.

The percentage of farm and factory pro-

duced butter stored during the year is

9.6 per cent and of eggs 15 per cent.





When the aggregate value of this small

percentage of foodstuff is considered,

however, the showing is more imposing,

the estimated value of the 9.6 per cent

of butter stored beirig $40,000,000 and of

the 15 per cent of eggs stored $64,000,000,

while the aggregate value of the above

mentioned commodities received in stor-

age during the year was estimated at

$138,000,000 in 1911. These figures further

show that by far the larger proportion of

most of these products is delivered from

storage within 90 days of the date of re-

ceipt, with the notable exception of eggs.

while practically all of the receipts are

delivered within seven months of the

date of receipt with the single exception

of eggs. The carrying over from the

end of the natural storage year is small

in all the products, but smallest fer eggs,

amounting to only 0.2 per cent. The av—

erage length of storage for the different

commodities was greater in the case of.

eggs than any other, being 5.91 months.



The cost of storage is ‘shown on this

report to be an important factor in the

timely movement of products, the report

stating that “owners of cold storage

commodities must use good judgment and

take their goods out of storage before the

cost of storage added to the original

cost of the goods, and some profit, will

raise the total amount of the cost of the

goods above the market price.” The cost

of storage is relatively higher on butter

and eggs than any other commodity for

the reason that they are held a longer

average length of time. being 2.532 cents

per pond for butter and 3.505 cents a

dozen for eggs.





In investigations conducted to deter-

mine the ‘effect of cold storage upon

prices of such commodities, the period

since 1880 was divided at 1893, the ap-

proximate time at which cold storage

had grown to be important in its influ-

ence upon conSumption. Two methods of

computation were employed in order that

the result might be as accurate as pos-

sible. Taking into account the general

rise in price of all commodities for-the

latter period as compared to the period

prior to 1893, it was found that a cheap-

enlng of cost in the distribution had more

than offset any tendency to higher price

levels in New York city. so far as butter

was concerned, it being conclusively

shown that both fresh. and cold storage

butter was sold in New York on a lewer

price level in cents for the, last period





, 1" mm... 191:.
‘. w-«N.—r





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





’ an 10, 1913.





than the first, although in the United

States "as a Whole there was a tendency

toward a. higher price level. -It is con-

ceded that under the method of monthly

redistribution used in computation a slight

tendency toward higher price levels was

shown in a number of commodities en-

tering into this investigation, although

this tendency is not inevitable, as above

shown in the case of butter.



The investigation also extended to the

influence of cold storage in the mainte-

nance of more uniform prices throughout

the year. In butter it is shown there

was in New York a marked tendency to-

ward uniformity of price throughout the

entire year accompanied by a lower av-

erage price to consumers, although in

the country at large there was a ten-

dency toward greater uniformity of price

for only 11 of the 13 months for which

the statistics were taken, while in eggs

there was shown to be the same ten-

dency for nine months of the Year. It

was found. however, that in the matter

of fresh beef and pork a. tendency toward

uniformity of price was shown only for

three and five months of the year, re-

spectively, in the two commodities.





Thus the report shows that whileVihua

general way cold storage of foodstuffs has

made for a uniformity of price as claim-

ed by cold storage interests, this is not

true in all commodities, nor in all years

nor periods of years. It is, however, con-

clusively shown by these reports that un-

der improved methods of distribution such

as are now practiced in supplying New

York city with butter, there will be an

actual cheapening of price to consumers

because of the redistribution of supply

effected through the storage of small

fractions of the total production.



Butter is now largely shipped directly

to New York in carload lots by the man-

ufacturing creameries, many of which

are co-operative in character, thus elim-

inating an unnecessary cost in distribu-

tion at the producing end of the line. It

will thus appear that when other products

are more largely handled in this manner,

cold storage will not only be a factor in

increasing the profit of producers, but

will at the same time lower the average

price of food products to the consumers

in distant centers of consumption,





The advantage of

The Farm Name 2 having the farm home

Trade~mark. named and using the

name on the busi-

ness stationery has often, been discussed

in these columns. Desirable as that has

been heretofore, a law passed by the Leg-

islature recently adjourned makes it still

more desirable, since it is designed to pre-

vent a confusion of farm names in the

same section of the country.



This law provides that owners of farms

may have registered with the county

clerk any name they may select for their

farm or ranch, and gives them the ex-

clusive right to use such name in any

county. Thiskwill prevent confusion Of

names to a very desirable degree and

will also enhance the value of the name

of the farm as a business trade-mark.



It has been demonstrated in many in-

stances that where products are grown

upon the farm which may be so packed

as to reach the consumer in original

packages, it pays to have the name of

the farm where the commodity was grown

on the package, particularly if the qual-

ity is kept at a high standard at all timeS.

since customers using a satisfactory arti-

cle so marked will be sure to want more

of the same thing. It would be the part.

of wisdom for Michigan farmers to take

advantage of this law when it goes into

effect and register their farm trade-mark

with the county clerk, and in the mean-

time it would be well to consider suitable

names for the purpose.





State Fire Marshal Pal-

Observe Spring mer has issued a proc-

Ciean-up Day. lamation setting apart



Thursday, May 15, as

"spring clean—up day" for Michigan. In

this proclamation the mayors of cities,

tire chiefs, health officers and the teach-

ers and children of public schools are

specifically requested to take an interest

in this needed work and they are told

how they can help in accomplishing the

desired results.



It is well to have our attention called

to this matter in a specific way. Many

times the needed spring ciean~up about

the farm is too long neglected. Let us

all join in this general movement toward

better sanitation and cleaner environ-

ments about the house and farm, and not

delay this important work beyond the

date when our city cousins have been

officially requested to give it proper at-

tention.





THE-MICHIGAN :F'ARMER





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.





On Sunday last twelvé’ persons were

injured and property valued at $150,000

was destroyed by a fire at Sheridan, Ind.

Two blocks in the business section of the

town were destroyed.



Preparations are already under way by

the state department at Washington for

bringing the alien land bill passed by the

California. Legislature before the United

States court to make a. judicial test of

the law. The outcome is anxiously

awaited, for should the courts decide fav-

orably to the action of the California

Legislature then the national government

will be in the position where it must de-

fend the law agains Japan. The matter

has also focussed attention upon laws of

other states which infringe upon treaties

with foreign nations. Altogether there

are indications of a feeling of unrest that

may lead to demands upon the national

government which perhaps cannot be

complied with, a situation that may re-

quire a readjustment of the functions of

national and state government insofar as

they concern aliens.



The sentences imposed upon Samuel

Gompers, Frank Morrison and John

Mitchell, officials of the American Feder-

ation of Labor, for contempt of court in

violation of an injunction of December,

1907, forbidding the officials to institute

a boycott of the products of a St. Louis

stove company, have been reduced by the

court of appeals of the District of Col-

umbia. Mr. Gnmpers will be imprisoned

30 days inStead of one year, while Mr.

Morrison and Mr. Mitchell will each be

fined $500 with no jail term.



After a. long wait the people of Sagi-

naw are now hopeful of having a public

market. Seven years ago the electors

voted to establish such an institution but

the bonds issued for the purpose were

diverted to other uses and until the pres-

ent time has not been repaid. The com-

mon council has now provided that this





shall be done. The market Will be locat- ,





ed in the heart of the city.



The citizens of Grand Rapids are cam-

paigning to raise a. fund of $250,000 for

the erection of a new Y. M. C. A. build-

mg.



A fire destroyed the plant of the Sagi-

nuw Wood Products Co., at Saginaw, and

caused a loss of $75,000 worth of prop-

erty.



it is the purpose of the federal admin-

istration to make a new use of the De-

partment of Commerce, following the

enactment of the present tariff bill into

law. in the event that wages are cut by

concerns where the effect of the new

tariff is declared to make such a cut

necessary, the department will use its

authority to make a thorough investiga-

tion to learn whether the claims of the

manufacturer are bona fide or not.



The board of education of Detroit has

adopted a recommendation which pro-

vides that teachers who have been in the

service of city schools for seven years be

given a year’s leave of absence with pay

at $50 a month. The purpose of this ar-

rungcment is to give the teachers oppor-

tunity to travel and thereby increase

their efficiency for future school service.



The Wayne County Circuit Court has

denied the motion of Detroit saloon keep-

ers who were recently refused licenses

for doing further business in the city

and who are asking in the motion that

a writ of mandamus be issued to compel

the common council to reissue their li-

censes. The matter will probably be car-

ried to the higher courts. ‘



During the past week Detroit has suf-

fered considerable 103s from fires. On

the last day of March the Detroit Forg-

ing Co.’s plant and another building were

destroyed, entailing a loss of about $100,-

000, while Sunday night a big fire at the

Detroit Stock Yards resulted in an esti-

mated 105s of $200,000 more. It is believed

that the blaze at the stock yards was or

incendiary origin.





Foreign.



Pope Pius has entirely recovered from

his recent illness and is now assuming

his regular duties.



Internal conditions in Mexico are by no

means in a settled state. There is a

strong censorship over news sent out

which prevents little information getting

to the press of this c0untry. However,

reports from Mexico City to VV'ishington

Indicates that from 1,200 to 1,500 lives

have been lost in engagements outside

of Sonora the past week. The blowing

up of a railroad train by the followers of

:Aapata is also stated to have killed 150

men. There is fighting between the fed-

erals and rebels south of Ortiz, Feeling

against Americans is running high.



The Duchess of Connaught, wife of the

Governor-General of Canada, is reported

seriously ill at London, England. Two

operations have failed to relieve her.



Jeanne d'Arc was honored by France

May 4, with feteS, the first of the kind

in which all parties and classes of the

country have participated.



The little government of Montenegro

has finally submitted to the demands of

the powers and retired from the strong—

hold, Scutari. which she recently cap-

tured from Turkey after a long siege.

Austria continues to gather troops and

prepare for a war campaign, not, how-

ever, against Montenegro, but to put

down lawlessness and anarchy now

said to be general in Albania. Italy will

co-operate with Austria in this task. The

action of Montenegro relieves the Euro-

pean powers of solving a delicate prob-

lem and probably is the first step toward

the general settlement of trouble in that

part of Europe.



General Tancrede Auguste, president of

Hati, died last Friday night. Congress

re-assembled on May 4 and elected Michel

Ocrste to succeed the late executive.

During the funeral of Auguste and the

session of the Legislature, riots were

frequent in the streets of Port-Au-Prince,

the capital, and troops were called out

to restore order.





 





"I'I'IE McCLURE COMPANY "Wlflfifiifl"





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





<93 “ The K-r-i-t-Farmer

, "535‘" drives a- low-priced car

of high-priced efficiency





That’s what 4000 K-r-i-t-Farmers tell us. They satisfied

. themselveslon the power of the K-r-i-t motor, the durability of

the K-r-i-t transmission and the suengthpf the K-r-i-t axle.



They have proved for themselves that the motor IS the heart, the lungs.



the very life of any motor car; the transmission. its muscles and nerves;



the axle its backbone and legs. ,



No farmer would buy a horse with weak legs or . a weak back. The



K-r-i-t-Farmer knows the strength and safety of the K-r-i-t Axle. He en-



joys that feeling of security afforded b the knowledge of extra braking

surface. Here’s how intrinsically good the K-r-i-t Axle really is:



. _'- ‘ '- . reset and aresatisfactory



Tlilfinggii: figfifigofyg‘: sew float wgdtgfiigemger test it is impossible for





. them to get out of alignment.

The malleable iron and tube mm It requires great accuracy to make axles

struction give a rigid support to of this type so they can be assembled

the gear bearings, maintainmgan





economically.

. This we are enabled to do as we make our

exact alignment of the gears at

all times which is essential to





own gears withinfiour own organization.

quiet running and long life.





We have used this t pe of axle on K-r-i-t

gar: for “heartlasgtu ree gate and never

. . en

The centre housmg casting is so a“ we r m °m " hmk

constructed that the metal re-

quired for the bearing supports





axle shaft and repairs are practically nil.

'The spring suspension on the K-roi-t car

also carries the stresses of the

load on the mde. .

lighter in





helps the axle in that it is flexible and

does not bind the axle or put any undue

This construction is actua .

w ' t than a correspon mg pressed





 





 





All nodal: 8900 f. o. 5. Detroit





 

 

 

 

 

   





 





strain upon it. .

Let us tell you what 4000 K-r—i-t-Farmem

say of the K-r-i-t axle.

Send filg’ the: rcilamle and Eider-as l [agile neag;

' l d is used b est -r-i- ea er an e w: glad

algst fillllbolltilgjhgefx 1?ng cars and bring the K-r-i-t to your farm. ,

most universally on ebcstfa‘elmcars. Write us today—now. . ,

Knt' Motor Car Company. 1608 But Grand Boulevard. Detroit, Mich.

" . :2

v a! ) O

I .- r a ‘%

> Q‘ \'_ I.)

\\





 





 





 





 





It Takes The Pain

Out Of Painting





IT’S. certainly a painful process to keep on

painting a roof every two or three years—

you feel it in your back and in your pocketbook.





A matile Roofing never need: aintin aou

—- nds

almost too good to be true, doesn’fit. g

Just lay it with an ordinary hammer, and you've

solid roof comfort ahead for many years to come.





Costs less than similar roofings of same weight.

The mineral surface is also fire-resisting.





Sample showing the pitch waterproofing

and real mzncral surface free on request.





Barrett Manufacturing Company

New York Philadelphia





St. Louis. Pittsburgh

Kansas City Seattle





Chicago

Cleveland

Minneapolis





_ Boston

Cincinnati

Corey. Ala.





Why do men now demand so many “Saginaws” that five huge factories

must be 0 erated at full capacity in order not to disappoint dalrymen and

stockmen Just think a minute and you‘ll remember. Hasn’t the “5331-

naw” introduced everyjmprovement known to Silos in the ast7years?



Didn't the Saginaw Silo recently adopt the Patented Anglo gteel Rib and

the Spline-Dowel? Wasn’t it the Saginaw that made the All-Steel Door

Fran” famous? And was ever anything invented to compare with the

Saginaw Base Anchor or the Saginaw Inner Anchor? Men. this year's

Saginaw is a we .; Strong no a City Skyscraper. Even when empty, it

stands as immovable and strong as the great Rock of Gibraltar. Your

Sling}: always bright and clean clear to the edges next to the wall.



W El Rush oriental to us at once and '01: will soon'hnvo before our eyes the

gmixgggng 5:35} gltmstWfix-‘lidl'gnflgoatwttsdo. No [gunman or Btockmnn can af~



. 8 888m

Silo Book 0. and it will be unsung? by 3:33:3in want the new I





   

 





 

   

 

 





 

 





   

   

 





 

 





males. ”mm. m 1' .m...

' ' nu worm. Texas. "a” (a)
«,- ..,..~.s.... .. .





 





FRESH PURE AIR

FOR YOUR BARN





will keg-p it dry and at an





   





is to place on your buildings a





Buckeye All-Metal

Cupola - Ventilator

The Buckeye not only does the

work but lasts the longest. It Is the

only CI Ill-Ventilator made entirely

0! meta having I heavy metal louse.

A handsome weather vane mounted

with horse, cow, sheep or hog free

- - - with each one.

Every wn r or prospective builder should have our

helpful book, The Ventilation of Modern Farm Build-

ings. It is free. Write today.

THE THOMAS A ARIBTIONG CO. 28 Kmshhndono.





 

 





 

 





 





 





 





KENDALLS SW”

CURE

-—has saved thousands of dollars

and thousands oi horses. The

old 'reliablc cure for Spavin,



Ringbone, Splint or lameness.

For sale at alldruggists. Price

$1 per bottle, 6ior SS. "Treatise on the Horse"

tree at dru gists. or write to Dr. ll. J. KENDALL

COUPANY, colours Fells, Vt., U. 8. A. 5





   

   

   

 

 





 

 





 

 

 





 





3*" “willow Death to Heaven

' ' _ "Guaranteed or None Back."

» Coughs,Dilwmfirilnoggeuion.

’p" v 1. per-can.

" NEWTON Shar'geforlieavu.

At druggiau' or sent postpaid.





 





 

 





 





 





Saginaw Valley Slook Farm





Importers 0!





Belgian and Polohoron

Stallions and Mares.





Formerly of Decatur, Indiana. 15 Years Importers.





Just arrived with an extra good importation

of stallions from 2 to 4 years old. which we

offer at very reasonable and attractive prices

with guarantee the best. If you come with

cash or baukable paper we will try our best

to sell to you. We have our selling cloth on

every day in week. Write your wants or

come and see us.





ELI SPRUNGER a. SON, Props.

Boll Phonc 292 I J—Z. SIglnavv.W.s. Mich.





   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   





 





 





   

 





 

 

   

   

   

 

   

   

 





 





BUSY





EVERY DAY





SHOWING





STALLIONS





SELLING





AT THE

“LOW DOLLAR





SEE THEM AT





GEO.W. SOUERS & SONS.





IiilNTINGTilN. INDIANA.

(Stallion Service Book, 10 cents.)





A. A. PALMER 6t SONS





Open the season with the finest aggregation of





PERcHERU Stallions





 





and Mares



they have ever offered to the breeding public.

60 Head to select from.



P. O. Balding. Mich. R. I. Orleans.





PERCH ERO N S





bred for utility as well as show quality. Stable

includes several international winners. Young

stock for sale. me. or write



B. F. ANDERSON. R. No. 1,, Adrain. Michigan.





 





 





Hill SAL our; Belgian Slallion





Bound and right in every way. Also a 3-year-old

JACK. Or will trade for other live stock and real

estate. Address W. G. Himmelwright. FrankfortJnd.





-~2 registered Percheron Stalli '

For me one year old. Both mys undo” ”$33

fellows. M. A. BRAY. Okemoc, Human.





 





TH-E MICHIGAN FARMER





 





HE first article in this series dealt

with the national agencies in food

distribution. It pointed out that,

through the rapid and extensive deveIOp-

ment of facilities for carriage of inter-

state freights and oceanic commerce,

through the perfection of cold storage,

with the resultant possibility of hauling

perishable foods long distances, through

the nation-wide and, indeed, world-wide

reports on crop conditions, through the

custom of selling in transit and of arriv—

ing at wholesale Quotations on farm pro-

duce, the wholesale price of the output

of the farm was fixed by forces over

which the eastern farmer had relatively

little control. That is why the price of

farm products vuries nominally in differ-

ent parts of the United States, due to

difference in freightage charges, etc, yet

actually the wholesale price is now about

the same. It is the purpose Of this arti-

cle to discuss the methods and cost of

distributing food products from the farm-

er to the consumer, with special reference

not to transportation facilities. but to the

hands through which they pass.

Just what share. of consumers’ prices

goes to the man who raises the food?

iVithin the last year, two reports have





filllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllsl’fl





Farm Commerce.





|1:“llllll||||lllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllllIll|llIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllll|lllllllllll|llIlllll|lllllllllIIIllllIll||llll||lll|IllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllE

Cost of Distributing Food Products





By Dr- CLYDE L. KING.





E

E





 





some instances the freight charge has

been estimated from points where the

freight is greateSt, while in other in-

stances the minimum transportation

charge is taken; all, however, are typical

transportation costs.



The third item indicated in the table

is the price'reccivcd by “the jobber."

By the jobber is meant the huckster who

goes from farm to farm buying farmers’

In‘oduce, or the country store man who

sells to commission men. or-the jobbers

who buy for large wholcsale houses or

large Philadelphia stores The prices re—

ceived by the wholesaler were secured

from the daily reports of wholesale

prices.



The prices received by the retailer

were taken from the repOrts sent in

from the Department of Public \Vorks.

These reports were carefully prepared at

the instigation of the director, by the

leading employes in the Department.

There Were, in most instances. a half

dozen or more reports from each of the

wards in the city. If there were not more

than two reports from each ward, the

data were not included, unless further

investigation proved these reports to be

typical. Every pOSSiblel effort was made





 





 





MAY 10, 1913.





paid by the consumer, for it is this

round-about method that the majority of

country produce still takes.



That this table is typical is amply sup-

ported by evidence from all quarters. Of

special significance is the situdy made un-

der date of AuguSt, 1912, by a committee

on market, prices and costs to the New

York State Food Investigating Commis-

sion on

Wholesalers' vs. Retailers' Prices In New



York City.



A table in this report shoWs how much

is added to the cost of a food product

from the time it lands at the terminal in

New York City, that is, the cost to the

wholesaler, until it arrives in the hands

of the consumer, that is, retailers’ prices.

In other 'words. the figures from this t‘a-

ble. as given below, are the per cents the

retailer adds to wholesaler’s prices, that

is, the cost of distributing food products

within the city. Thus the table reveals

an increase from the terminal to the con-

sumer of 17 per cent per pound for

creamery butter, and from 19 to 43 per

cent for eggs. Meat prices increased

from 25 to 70 per cent. Fish prices in—

creased from 25 per cent for blue fish to

85 per cent for halibut; 160 per cent for

haddock and 180 per cent for cod. Can-

ned goods increased from 20 per cent for

a low grade of pork and beans to 70 per

cent for string beans. 72 per cent for

peas and 80 per cent for :1. can of corn.

Staple groceries increased per pound from

20 per cent for flour to 33 per cent for

sugar and rolled oats, to 100 per cent for

rice, 112 per cent for tea and 114 per

cent for codfish. Fruit increases were:

Peaches, quart, 67 per cent; Baldwm ap-

ples, pound, 116 per cent; bananas, 135

per cent, and lemons, 122 per cent per





Table givlng the price received by the Producer and each middleman and the Per Cent Increase of each price. over the

Preceding Price, together with the Total increase of Consumers' Prices over Producers’ Prices.





3’



‘6 ED ,



5.5.33



:5 . :4



Lucio.

Butter (low grade) per lb ........ $0.181/2

Butter (high grade) pcr lb ....... .23

Potatoes (low gmde) pcr bu. (3) .53

Potatoes (high grade) per 1111.... .63

Eggs (low grade) (2) per dozen.. .11

Eggs (high grade) pcr (102911.... .21

liucklcbcrr‘ics (i'w g.) 1301' gt... Oil/é

Hucklclocrrics (h. g.) per qt ...... .07

Blackberries (l‘w gd.) per q*t.... .O-i

Blackberries (h. gd.) per qt ...... .06

Live poultry (l’w gd.) per 1b.... .06

Corn per dozen ................. .15

Tomatoes per peck (3) ........... .32





(1) For definltion see article.





. A 5/“



a.) H ‘ 2-4



,_: a)? V 8 .3.”



“H «r 1__p 32 c5 5'5

«:5 E .0 a to. 8 8 to .

Q, tag a,” g r: m o .— 1: cu

BEc 5* :52 5 9:2

2—. :2 - 1L. 7“ L.

EL; (“—2 2'23 If: 53%“

$0.19 2 $02114. 12‘ $0.24

.2399 2 26 10 .20

.02 17 .ns 0 .73

.72 14 .80 11 .90

.12 9 .1315 12 .13

.22 4 .21 10, .27

.0315 22 .06 0 .07

.08 14 .10 23 .11

.03 2; .031g 10 06

.07 10 .09 11 00

.061é 7 .09 38 .11

.3214; 1 .36 10 .40





(3) This is the total price when sold in the quantities. the average purchaser





a quarter or half peck of tomatoes.





:5 as

r. on U1 ,

: L . c o

{i .9 to , 8 $3

':‘ 'ZE 0’ 2 H a)

:4 45:..2 a 53 B

. so: 9 :5

11 $0.22on .3 23o» 58 7363100

11 .4070 .45 38W 55 74(1) 96

10 1.10m 1.30 46m) 73 108612143

12 130611.60 44qu 78 106mm“

11 .2361) .30 67@100 121@l73

11 .34 30 67

16 .13 71 166

10 .13 1:6 114

.‘l .12 100 200

2 .17. 66 150

22 .22 100 266

40 167

11 .80 100 150





u (2) in many cases these eggs are candied and part of them sold as freshly gathered eggs—the others being sold as

rots and spots,” etc. in other cases, however, they are sold to the consumer as eggs fresh from the farm. Thus one man

writes that they sell them as such and asks: “What is the effect of the egg law on us?”





buys; that is, a basket of potatoes and





 





 





been issued that attempt to answer this

question for Philadelphia and New York

city, respectively. The first was made by

the author Vof this article to Mayor Ru-

dolph Blankenburg on Philadelphia prices;

the other, by the committee on markets,

prices and costs of the New York State

Food Investigating Commission. The for-

mer was made in October; the latter in

August, of 1912. These reports are typi—

cal of prices received by farmers and

paid by city dwellers.





Farmers’ vs. Consumers' Prices in Phil-

adelphla.





The accompanying table gives the





 





 





prices received by the former for certain

types of produce shipped into Philadel-

phia from the outlying counties. It also

gives thc prices paid by each set of mid-

dlcmen and the consumer, and the per

cents added thereby.





The first item indicated in this table is

the price received by those farmers

whose sales are not large enough to war-

rant their dealing directly with the com—

mission men. The price received by the

farmers who sell direct to commission

men would be the price indicated for the

“jobber.” But the average farmer, whose

sales are not large and who is not in

telephonic communication with commis-

sion houses, usually sells through some

intermediary, who in turn sells to the

commission man. The price received by

the farmer was secured from the price

paid by country stores and other jobbers

and from replies to scores of letters sent

out to farmers in all directions from

Philadelphia. This letter particularly

aSked the farmers to give the prices on

allvproduce thatthey had sold during the

weeks ending July 20 and 27.



The cost of freight given as the sec-

ond item is an estimate for freight on

small quantities for distances of from

25 to 50 miles. Often it is the trolley

rate. although sometimes it is the cost of

transportation by steam rail. or the es-

timated cost of wagon transportation. In





to secure rcports for the same grade of

goods and for the same week. Both lhe

farmers and the employes of the Depart-

ment of Public “'OI'ks were asked to des—

ignate the grade of goods and to des-

ignate with care the ekact date of the

sale or purchase. The price indicated

for any article in the table is, therefore,

a price fur a given week.



From this table it will be noted that

the excess of the price paid by the con-

sumer over the price received by pro-

ducer ranges from 67 per cent to 266 per

cent, the average being 136 per cent. This

is an average increase of consurncrs’ ovcr

producers’ prices, as the “prices received

by the farmer" are those received by the

average farmer. who does not soil in

large lots, and the “prices paid by the

consumer,” who buys in ,relatively small

quantities.



Where the Costs of Distributing Foods Go.



An analysis of this table shows that

the costs of food distribution go for the

following purposes;



1. A professional hucksier or a coun—

try storemnn buys from the eastern

farmer and sells to the Philadelphia

wholesaler. As :1. rule, he makes around

10 per cent of the price he pays the

farmer. plus the freight to terminal, thus

increasing the total cost of the goods

from nine to 25 per cent.



2. From one to 20 per cent' of what the

farmer rceives goes for frcight to Phil-

adelphia terminals.



3. Then the wholesaler deducts from

five to 10 per cent for selling it to the

retailer, thereby increasing the price to

the conSumer on the average of 11 per

cent over the jobber's price.



4. Then for handling the goods and

selling them to the consumer, the retail-

er charges from 30 to 100 per cent in-

crease over the wholesaler’s price, with

an average of 45 per cent.



It is not meant that all farmers’ pro-

duce goes through just these channels,

but it is very clear that it is this method

of food distribution that fixes the price





dozen; while vegetables increuScd from 60

per cent per pint box of tomatoes to 100

per cent for cabbage, carrots and beets,

to 150 per cent for celery. Of the 60

products cnumcrated, 26 increased from

17 10 50 per cent, 21 from 50 to 100 per

cent, and 14 over 100 per cent.



And these prices, it must be remem-

bered, are the costs added to foodstuffs

by the retailers only, including, of

course, cartoge and delivery charges.

What these Costs Mean to the Consumer



and the Farmer.



It is difficult for the imagination to

grasp just what these costs of distribut—

ing farm pI'OduCc mean in lower prices

to- farmers and higher prices to consum-

ers. The consumers of New York City

pay annually around $645,000,000 for food.

This food costs at the terminal $350,000—

000. That is to say, the people of New

York City are paying over $150,000,000

e:1ch year to have their foodstuffs taken

from the terminal to their kitchens. At

:1 cost of 14 per cent per meal per person,

for all classes in Philadelphia, high and

low, rich and poor. Philadelphia citizens

are spcnmng $223,000,000 eVery year for

food. or this amount, they pay some-

thing less than $73,000,000 each year in

carlugc and delivery costs and in retail-

ers’ profits. Of the $146,000,000 paid an-

nually by the people of New York City

for eggs, milk, onions and potatoes, less

than $50,000.000 was received by the men

who raised these crops. For certain 'pro-

duce for which the eastern farmer last

summer received $1, the Philadelphia.

consumer paid $2.35.



Isn’t it needless to point out other re-

sults of this method of distributing food

products? Isn’t it clear that the inter-

ests of every farmer and every consumer

point to the necessity for developing a;

cheaper method of food distribution

whereby at least much of the handling

and the profits of a few of the middlemen

may be eliminated? All are interested in

cheaper costs for food distribution. The

farmer is,‘of course, because it means
my 10, 1913.





higher prices; the eonsumer is, because .





that is his only hope f0r lower prices. So

itis a, question or the city as Well as the

cOuntry. If our urban dwellers are to

have released a. larger share of their in-.

comes for other than subsistence pur-

poses, these food costs must be reduced.





Probably half of them now spend annu- ‘





ally nearly .halfbi’ their income for food.

In the‘ future that city will have'the best

civic and industrial prosperity which first

perfects plans whereby subsistence costs

may be reduced to its each and every

citizen. In the past, city growth depend-

ed on the exploitation of virgin resources

and in the development of new indus-

tries. From now on, city growth must

hinge more and more largely upon com«

munity efficiency, expressed in lower liv-

ing costs. The food problem is vitally

wrapped up with the solution of the city’s

induStrial supremacy and the extension

of its industrial boundaries. Thus Phil-

adelphia’s every interest will be enhanced

by placing its $225,000,000‘3’early food

purchasing power as near as possible to

the gate of the farmers from whom the

food supply must be purchased.



Moreover. the manufacturer and the

employer of labor should be particularly

interested in a reduction of the food

supply costs, and in perfecting a, closer

industrial unity between the city and all

of the surrounding agricultural Commu-

nities. According to all statistics avail-

able in 1904, over 60 per cent of the males,

at least 6 years of age, employed in man-

ufacturing, mining. trade, transportation

and other occupations associated with in-

dustrial life, were earning less than $626

per annum, or about $2.00 a day. while 30

per cent were receiving between $626 and

$1,000, and only 10 per cent earned $1,000

per annum. If to these, the agricultural

laborers are added. 65 per cent of all

laborers in the I'niterl St'ates receive less

than ">626 annually, 27 per cent from $626

to $1,000, and only eight per cent $1,000

or above.



This means that half of the present

total yearly income of the city wage-

earners must be spent for food; and this

means, with a family of five. that the

food COSt per day must not be over 28

cents per family, or five cents per per-

son per-meal. Now the labor employer,

if he wishes contented labor. and the

city, if it wishes well-nourished citizens,

must squarely face this food problem.

There are only two ways by which it can

be solved. First, by increasing the mon-

ey wakes of the laborer, and second. by

increasing the actual wage through a re-

duction ofliving Costs. Any plan what-

soever, therefore, that will tend to have

any effect upon lowering food costs should

have the hearty co-operation not only of

the‘city as such but of every manufac-

turer or other employer and all others in-

terested in the wage-earning class.



It is to plans for lowering food costs

that the remaining papers in this series

are directed.





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





Lapecr 60., May 3.—-—Extra fine weather.

Oats not all in yet, but some are plowing

now for corn, potatoes, etc. Another good

rain would be the proper thing at pres-

ent. Ground some hard this spring, some

fields plow up chunky. SOme farmers are

undecided on the sugar beet question,

whether to go in for a crop this season

or not on account of the death of protec-

tion and paralySiS of business. Orchards

are profuse with. blossoms. Meadow::; and

pastures are looking well and dry feeding

for stock is closing up for this spring.

Spring pigs high in prices, $36014 each and

scarce at that. Hay prices lower. Po-

tatoes 300.



Livingston Co., May 3.—'l‘he weather

has been very favorable for farmers to

rush their work along and as a result

considerable work has been accomplished,

probably one-third of the corn ground

is plowed at this date. Prospects for a

profitable price for wool are not very en-

couraging; buyers now offering around

180 per lb. for good clips. Potatoes are

plentiful at 30c per bu. The bean mar-

ket is beginning to liven up some.



Emmet 00., May 1.——The last half of

April was fairly favorable for farming op-

erations, and now the weather is simply

great. Tree buds are beginning to} open,

and wheat, rye and meadows are coming

on nicely. Spring seeding and other farm

work advancing rapidly. HEY. $13; straw

$9; eggs, 16c; butter. dairy. 300.



'Shiawassee' 00., April 28.~—Cold wave,

accompanied with rain, prevailing for the

past three days. Roads nearly as bad as

’early spring. Wheat looking fine and lit-

tle injured by the excessive water last

spring. Rye is also making splendid

growth. Oat seeding about half done, a

large acreage being seeded. Farmers are

undecided as to growing beans and sugar

beets, the low price not encouraging. A

large number of farmers are considering

buying cows and going into the dairy

business and leading up‘ their farm-grown

grains. 7; Several new barns are being

built; "and, a number yet to construct.

Much. ihficrest" is' being. shown in the

county-soda system. adopted last. spring.

‘ “(Continued ‘on .pages‘u). g





brings :’

i





" THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg





g Veterinary.





fillllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllll|Illlllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllFm‘

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.-





Advice through this departmen. is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired informatiOn in a reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 

 





 





Thrush—I have a driving horse that



has thrush in right fore foot. I have

tried to cure it with white vitriol, but

failed. L. D. H., Millington, Mich—The

foot should be kept clean and dry, the

diseased portion of frog cut off, then ap-

ply calomel twice a day and he. will get

well. -

Wolf Tooth—I have a three-year-old

colt that has a wolf tooth and I am told

by a neighbor that if it is not pulled c :t

it may cause blindness. Do you consid-

er it necessary to have it taken out? W.

N., \Vexford county, Mich.—VVolf teeth

should be extracted, but if left in sel-

dom do any harm.



Articular Rheumatism.—I have a mare

six years old that has been driven on

mail route steadily for over two years,

and for the past 12 months has shown

some soreness in left fore leg. Her pas-

tern, shin and knee of lame leg is some

inflamed but not swollen. One year ago

She was quite lame, but seemingly recov-

ered and went fairly well until four weeks





ago. I removed shoes and stood front

feet in wet clay. but she is not much

better. H. E. F., Spruce. Mich—Give





your mare 11/2 drs. of sodium salicylate at

n dose in feed three times a day and ap-

ply one part turpentine, one part aqua

ammonia and four parts soap iiniment to

lame leg twice a day.



Periodic Ophthalmia.—-VVhenever I work

my black horse. hard. one of his eyes be-

comes sore and with a few days’ rest the

eyes seem to clear. The remedy you

prescribed for my father's horse cured

‘hlm quickly. A. R. S.. Scottville, Mich.-

Your horse Suffers from periodic oph—

thalmia, a disease that is considered in-

curable. His bowels should be kept 0p-

en: apply the following eye lotion to eye

three times a day: Dissolve 40 grs. bor—

acic acid and 40 grS. borate of soda in 4

ozs. of clean boiled water. Give him 2

drs, Donovan's-rrsolution at a dose three

times a day for the next 30 days.



Dropsy.—I have a mare that must be

about 20 years old, which was due to foal

April 7 and has not yet dropped her colt.

There is considerable swelling under belly

extending from udder to navel, and I

might say_that this small mare was bred

to .a large horse. She seems to be in





 





 





fairly good health and runs in a large

box stall. C. S., Trout Creek. Mich.—

Feed your mare enough bran mash to





open her bowels, exercise her more, clean

her stall thoroughly and supply her with

plenty of clean bedding and give her a.

teaspoonful of powdered nitrate potash at

a dose in feed three times a. day. The

swelling under abdomen will disappear

soon after She foals.



Garget—Scours.—I have a ten-year-old

cow fresh six weeks ago, with one teat

slightly obstructed which caused me to

use milking tube: now the whole quarter

is swollen hard and inflamed. I would

also like to know what to do for a five-

weeks-old calf that scours. F. IV. S.

Lapeer, Mich—The quarter of udder may

perhaps have been diseased by using an

infected milking tube. “When n milking

tube is used. great care should be exer-

cised in cleaning the instrument every

time it is used. The tube should be

boiled for ten minutes or else dipped in a

five per cent solution of carbolic acid; or

burn tube in a flame for a minute or

two and then wipe it clean. Apply one

part iodine and 20 parts fresh lard to in-

flamed udder once a day. Give your calf

10 grs. salol at a dose four times a day

and his pen should be thoroughly cleaned

and disinfected.



Hole in Side of Udder.—I have a Jer-

sey heifer that came fresh a few days

ago and while milking her I discovered

a hole in udder where she leaks milk.

How can I stop milk flowing from this

Opening? J. B. T., Dowagiac, Mich.—

Scarify edge of opening, stitch closely,

using silkworm or catgut material for

sewing, and apply equal parts oxide of

zinc, powdered alum and boracic acid to

wound twice a day.



Eczema.-— The hair around eyes, on

head, breast and legs shed and the skin

gives off a bad odor. The sore part

seems to itch and I imagine causes some

pain. E. H_ F., Flint, Mich—Apply one

part chinosol and 250 parts water; or ap-

ply any one‘of the coal tar disinfectants

that are regularly advertised in this pa-

per. Give 10 grs. bromide of soda at a

dose three times a day.



Navel Ill.—-—I find the veterinary column

of the Michigan Farmer very helpful,

and would like to know a little more

about diSinfectlng navel of young colt.

H. L. M.. Levering, Mich—It is needleSS

for me to say that scrupulous cleanliness

in the stable is one of the preventatives

and it is always a good plan to have a

very clean box stall for your mare to

foal in. The navel cord should be tied

with either a silk or linen string, dipped

in a. three per cent solution of carbolic

acid. It is also good practice to split

navel cord and paint center with iodine

one part and glycerine 10 parts. or dust

on some iodoform before tying cord. The

stub should be wet with either a three





(Continued on page 575).





 





 





"r‘





Oil! meme Kl LS All. TIGKS

and keeps SHEEP tree from fresh attacks.





Used on 250 million sheep annually. Increases

quantity and quality of wool. Improves appear-





ance and condition of flock. It dealer can’t.

supply you send 81.75 for 82 packet. Shipments

can be made from New York City. Specially

illustrated-booklet on ”Ticks" sent. tree for ask-

. inmapostcnrd brings it. enlcuo ILLS.

II. “OPE! I: IEPIIEIS. .

lent. 23 M I. Illinois 8!.





 





 





BILLBIIIS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





'—Horses, cattle. sheep. swine and

For sale poultry, nearly all breeds. Sires

oxoha ed. South West Michl n Pedigreod Stock

Asc'm. avidWoodman. Scc’y - reas..in Paw. Mich.





Aberdeen-An us.

Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas. B ackbirds and

Prides. onlfi. is headed by Egerton W. the GRAND

CHAMPIO bull at the State. West Michigan and

Bay City Fairs of 191?. and the sire of winners at those

Fairs and at THE INTERNATIONAL, Chicago. of

1912. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,

YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.

KICKS GUERNSEY FARM. Saginaw. W. 8.. Mich.

GUERNSEY BULL GAL .

of 8-15. 722. 604, 518, 441 41811». of butter res ctlvel .

bargain prices. G. A. WIGENT, Wutervllgt. Mich.





ll]. ling. liuorme





Come or write. J





GUERNSEYS—Bull calves. reg" tuberculin tested. Splen-

did breeding. Moderate pricol. Mada-nor. Farm. Water-

vlict, Mich. J. K. Blatcbfcrd, Auditorium Tower. Chicago. Ill.





HEREFORD BULLS FOR SALE 3153.31.33:

ALLEN BROS" Paw Paw. Mlchlgan.

CHOICE Bull Calves from A. R. O. dams. Six-ed. by





our herd sire who-o dam and site's dam each mode

E. R. Cornell, Howell, Mich.





-Six dams have

yearly records





Bulls. ready for service. Large

Yorkshire hogs. the best. yet.

KN EBELS. R. 0. Holland. Mich.





over 30 lbs. in 7 days





A FEW CIOICI'I fil‘hfii‘aml’mri‘ 36” 82.122?





GREGORY a BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.





FOR SALE—IOLSTEIN BULL CALF





Born June 5. cite a son of the Kin of the

Pontiacs from a nu tor of Hengerveld eKol.

Dam of call, an A. . 0. daughter of Sadie Vale

Concordia'lPaul DeKol, her dam awlb. imported cow.



D. 8. LEWIS. Marshall. Mlch.





OLSTEIN BULLS—well bred, at reasonable prices.

Barred Rook Chickens from 15 years breeding. Good

layers eggelé for 31. W. B. Jones. Oak Grove. Mich.





Purebred Remtcred

l'l 0L STE IN CATT L.E

The Greatest Dairy Breed

SO“ I" m: M

Holstein-Friction. Auo.. Box 164. kettlolnoro.Vt.





“Top-Notch” Holstolns.





Choice bull calves from 2 to 8 mo. old, of fashion-

able brooding and from dams with oflciai milk

and butter records for sale at reasonable prices.

MOPHEISON FARMS 60-. Nova”. Michigan.





HOLSI ElN BULLS.

3 tarmac-.55 “immense as

FABMS.vAu‘x:ota?nKa $11500 00.. Mich. A H





 





 





Holstein Bull month old out of and daughter of





Pietert'cfiongorveld'sOount do oll bya grandsoncl

Pontiac orndyke who baselevon thirty pound daugh-

ters fifty dollars dcl ivered. HobartW . Fay. Mason, Mich.





Service Bulls and Bull calves

Slml by Johann Corcordla Champion,





whose sire‘s dam and dam’s dam average 34.06

lbs. butter in 7 days. avenge fat 4.67 % Also cows

and heifers bred to him. I can ofler you bulls at

bargain prices. Try me bnd see. and do it quick.





L. E. CONNELL,

Fayette. - Ohio.





Bigelow’s 'Holslelu Farms





Brocdsvillo, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





FAIR LAWN FARM





Offers the following young





Holslein Friosian Bull





Prince Sarcastic—





Fine in form and breeding. Beautifully marked.

Sure to please you.





REED & KNOWLES, Howell, Mich.

IIATCI Ill'lllll IGLS'I'I'IINS'ACfi'S‘SmS'iifi?





enable prices. HATCH HERD. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





BUTTER BRED mastitis“





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allocan County. Michigan!





For sale— “stored Jersey Cattle tuberculin test-



ed: ulls and bull wives: cifcr and heifer

calves; cows with Register of Kent and Cow Tooting

Association records IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Mich.





Lillie Farmstead Jena 8





(Tubercuiin W. Guarantee-3 free from

onlocll.) Several good bulls “(l bull culve- out of

good duh-y cow- fcr solo. manic. for sale at





road. lumen '

’ cono'II‘c. " . M“ m





ron SALE-ngwrgggna

6.





 





 





tor

1: class Incest! . WAT! AN.

MuMOVIM Fwy LED. hm Arbo‘ggich.





 





13—57 3





. 5L-





—Rulls randy. torn-onion bred for

‘ pioductlcn. Also cows and heifers

Breakwater Form. B. l'. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.



‘ Bull calves 4 to 7 months old.

SGOICII d. SWI‘II I” algo you cows and heifers

bred to Bright Sultan. W. B. HelgUILLAN. Chilean.

Mich. 54 mile E. of Davis Crossing on A. A. R. R.





2 Reg. Shorthorn Bulls





9 and 17 mos. old. color red. Write or come and see.

WM. D. McMULLEN, R. 9. Adrian. Michigan.





Dairy Bred Shorthorns‘fii‘m:

at present. ' J. B. HUMMEL. Manon. Michiran.

Dairy sladorns-Iat‘asamfimw'm:

No stock for sale at present.



W. W. KNAPP. H. No. 4. Watervllot. Mich.





Scotch Shorlllorn Bulls and Holler: For Salt.





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.

SHEEP.

[denim—£35331: {titularllméllzr £33

shire swine. Elmhurst Stock FarmflAl‘mont. Mich.

REGISTERED HAMPSHIRES

1 fine Barn. 3 Ewes dz 3 Lambs. all for 5 o

C. D. WOODBURY, Lansing. Mich.

" axronnqwu sHEEP "tastednzrla

"Ilsa“. thihéailfill‘lfi. ”1‘, llllllll IEDBE, Mlllll.

lllg. llamobuillel Sheep. Pm Brod Poland China





HUGS and PEBCKEBON HORSES. 256 miles

E. Mon-ice. on G. T. ll. R. and M. U. R. J.Q. A. 000K.





Jersey





 





SHROPSI‘IIRES 6 DUROCS





KOPE-KON FARM. Kindcrhook. Michigan.





[1005.





' ' —-A Desirable Bunch of Son's of

”Wills ‘Vlcloflfl Either Breed dl‘eA ril and May.

M. T. Story, R. R. 48 Lowell. Mich. ity Phone 55.





Quick Planning:i dislikes-3°“ ”mains: beame-





Satisfaction guaranteed

or money refun C. S. BARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.





CH ESTER WH ITES‘SBKlyé‘rlR





ERS of CHAMPIONS and GRNAD CHAMP-

IONS Sgri pigs of weaned and ready for ship-

merit. B NN EBBA FARM. Algounc. Michigan.





—Ecsex pl 6 to 8 weeks old. from

For sale Michigan coldest herd. Save money by

buying while youn . Send for onto and low

prices. E. P ()L VER. 804 Oak St . Flint, Mich.





o I 0 —Big growthy type. last fall gilte and this



I I I spring {arrow to oiler. Very good stock.



Scott No. 1 head of herd. Farm )6 mile west. of degot,

OTTO B. SCHULZR. Nashville Mic .





O. l. C. SWINE g3é3°onm§prl§§

33:88.9:ng and tries. not akin. ave a number

of your wants.





0. moles of good I . Write me describing

A. J. dauphin. n





. No. 2 Dorr. Mich.





 

 





run-us.





I 0.1. c. ‘-





80" WEIGI'IED 95 LBS.

A 23 ”OWNS O D





‘ lONlA GIRL





I hounded more broaden cnthc road to no-

oc- than any man iving. I have thalargcst and an.

out hard in the U. . Every one an early developer.

ready for themarkct at six months old. I want to

Kim one boy in each community to advertise my



ord. Write for my pl on.“How to Make Money from

.8033.” o. s. IllJAIII.I.IIo.IO Pom-u. mop.





   

   

   





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

   





 





o I c Extra choice bred line. service hours

I I I and spring pip. not akin from State

Fair winners. Avondnlo Stock Forum. Wayne. Mich.

o I O! —ull cold. Orders booked for April

I I s and May pigs of the choicest breeding.



C. J. THOMPSON. Rochtord. Michigan

, —All sold, will book orders for



0. I. C S. Mgrch pigs,



ALBERT NEWMAN. Mariette. Michigan





0 l c, —Bred sows. March lgs airs and

o n s trios. Bufl Rock gnu per 15.

FRED NICKEL R. 1. Monroe. Michigan.

0 I c -Iie isterd Boar. 225 lbs. A few

0 o - bre mite of extra quality.

GEO. P. ANDREWS. Dansvlllc. Ingham 00.. Mich.



I —All ea. growthy and. large. Male.

00 l- c s ready-.3imtoaoloct from. Attractive prices

on young chick. H. H. JUMP, Munlth, Mich.





wlocctnsns-w ..... 8...... .0... a...



rile-winning strains. Sow:

all ages. SPECIAL B RGAIN in summer pigs.

Breakwater Form B. I". D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich





IRES “l 30’." WT alE-l'nnoy fall ilta for sale,



station A, 3..., (my. Mich. n ou&3F§0,s§'1‘fNICOLL‘



Dyrggos BRED SOWS all sold. Service Boats :40

o





_ . Januarly pigs .12 to 815, either sex. Satisfac-

tion guaranteed. . B. Cook. Route 2. Stanwood. Mich.





gill“: JERSEYS—IMO Gill: Fllll SllE.





REY U. EDMONDS. Rustin-I. Michigan.





8

lllllllll JERSEY filllrgafiif" whifi’fi $352?

I pay the express. J. H. BANGHART. Lancing. Mich.





POLAND “WAS—133°”? Efitlmm'fn‘lnnm’





Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Mich.





Butler’s Big Bone Poland Chinas





We km a m nice fall burs, also sum his «I:

bred for fall fax-row. Our hogs are all cholera proof.

.1. C. BUTLER. Portland. Michigan.



II: in» Poland chm Pigs atom; arias. l. .

Rocks, 81 per 15. ROBERT FIVE, Pierson, Mich.





 





 





 





—Largoet in Mlchi an. B d '

tars. I!” P. c- all sold. have 3081118 gourd5 £1?

andrOct. tplies that hardedziomeIone and quiialigy. Wr to

you won oroomeon . uses '

presented. Freolivery. W.E.Lilv?n¢st:;l’;r;:fhalaicr§:





POLAND CHINA —Eitllor sex. all





thing 0d It I Seine-

‘ O P .

P. D. none, B. No. a one? Rapids. Nielsen.





——_—______

P. C. BOAIS AND SGWSTE’“£§§§‘.£§Z°§





A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.





 





ARGE Yor lieu—Choice breeding stock. all ages.

L not skin. tom State Fair i - i . Pedi-

glee-furnished. w. 0.00011. npézfio'll‘flfi'}. ' .





 





mm Farmstead vonxsumll





Springbred all sold. Gilt: bled for next Assn-t





 





furrow. mpi althou- x, air: and trio-

“ “figuffifilgmglm. ma
574—14





 





EllllllIlll|Il|lI|Illlllllllllllllllllllfllllll||lllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllll|IlllI|lIlllllllllllllllllllllllfl

- Markets.

E‘s-I . E

Ell"|lllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllllllIIllllllllllllllflllllfllllllg





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





May 7, 1913.



Wheat.—The market for this cereal set-

tled to a lower level during the past

week. Two important influences have ap-

parently worked to bring about this re-

sult. One was the improvement in crop

conditions in this country which put aside

for tlie' time being the possibility of dam-

age to the growing crop from drouth and

insect pests, rai’n having supplied plenty

of moisture, especially in the southwest.

The other influence is the change in

political affairs in Europe where, because

of the submission of Montenegro to the

demands of the powers, a delicate inter-

national situation has been solved and

the probability for peace in the immedi-

ate future is more likely than it has been

for a considerable time past. 'Besides

these two bearish features, Russia and

lndia report favorable crop conditions. On

the other hand UledVOl'id’S visible supply

shows a heavy decrease, a big interest

is being taken in July wheat and export

sales have been fairly large in Chicago

and Duluth. Besides the acreage of the

spring wheat is reported to be about 1,-

000.000 acres short of last year’s. These





 





bullish features, together with the reduc-

tion in price occurring the past two

weeks, Ought to maintain the market





somewhere near present quotations, at

least dealers believe that the market is

now on a fighting basis. No. 2 red wheat

was quoted one year ago at $1.20 per bu.

on the local market. Detroit quotations

for the past week are:





No. 2 No. 1



Red. \Yliite. July. Sept.



Thursday . .1.071/4 1.0614 931,4 93

Friday ...... . 07 1.06 93 921};

Saturday . . . . . 1.07 1.06 9234 92%



Monday . . . . . . 06% 1.05% 921/4 92



Tuesday . . . . . .051; 1.0414 911,; 91

Wednesday . .1.051/2 1.04% 1.05% 91%

Chicago, (May 6).—No. 2 red, $1.006!)





1.03: July. 893;»; Sept. ‘89c per bu.



New York, (May 6l.——I\Iay, 98c; July,

971/2c; Scpt., 96%0 per bu.



Corn.——In spite of the decline in wheat

corn was maintained at prices corres—

ponding to the closing figures of a week

ago. The trade is generally slow, not a

very large volume of the cereal changing

hands. especially on the local market.

Weather conditions have been favorable

for preparing land to plant which has

furnished news f0r the buying side of the

deal. One year ago No. 3 corn was quot-

ed at 811/2c per bu. Quotations here for

the past week are as follows:





No.3 No.3



' Corn. Yellow.

Thursday .....mm..... 57 58

Friday .. 57 58

Saturday ................. 57 58



Monday .................. 571/; 581/“,

Tuesday ............ ...... 57 58

\VedneSday 56 58



Chicago, (May (Sr—No. 2 corn, 551§@



561/550; July, 55c; Sept., 557;.0.





Oa'ts.—~Values in this department have

continued at the highest quotations of the

previous week. There. is a small cash

demand for the cereal and the stock at

the. local elevators is not very large. New

seeding is promising well. One year ago

the price for standard oats on the local

market was 630 per bu. Quotations are

as follows:





No. 3

Standard. White.

Thursday 381/2 371/2

Friday .................... 381/2 371,4;

Saturday 6 881/2 371/;

Monday -.................. 381/; 371/;

Tuesday 381/2 371/2

\\"cdnesday .............. 381/; 37%

(“hit-ago, (May 6).—No_. 2 white, 361/3613

Iltiflc; standard, 36@361/,c; July, 34390;

Sept. 341,40 per bu.





Beans.~This product has lost the ad-





yancc made a week ago. There is no

call on the local market and quotations

are merely nominal. Immediate, prompt





and May shipment are quoted at $2.05

per bu. at country points.





Chicago. (May ii).r~No change in quo-

tations were made here the past week.

Trade is slow. Quotations are: Pea





beans, hand-picked. fancy. $2.356T/2AO:

choice, 3123061235: prime, $2.20612.25; red

kidneyS, $2: white kidneys, $2.50 per bu.



Clover Seed—The only change in loeal

quotations is in alsike which has ad-

vanced 2250, bringing it up to the price of

common seed. both being quoted at $13.25

per bu.



'l‘olcdo. (May 6l.—Both common and al-

sike seed have advanced on this market.

The former is quoted at $13.85 for cash

and October at $7.50. while. alsike is 40c

higher at $13.60 per bu.





Timothy Seed.———This un—





market is





changed. Prime spot is quoted at $1.75

per bu.

Toledo, (May 6).-l"rime, cash and May





timothy seed $1.80 per bu; Sept. $2.90.



Rye—There is a good demand for this

cereal with the price holding steady at

last week’s advance, the quotation being

641/3c for N0. 2 rye.



Barley.—Chicago, (May 6).—The differ-

ent grades are quoted from 4663700 per

bu. At Milwaukee the price remains

steady for malting barley at 52@70c per

bushel.





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Fiona—Jobbing lots in 1,5 paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs, as follows: Best patent, $5.70; sec-

ond. $5.20; straight. $5; spring patent.

$5.10: rye flour. $4.60 per bbl.



Feed.——Detr0it jabbing prices in 100-

1b. sacks are as follows: Bran. $21;





THE M i" C H I G A N 'F A R, MER





coarse middlings, $21; fine middlings, $27;



cracked corn, $25; coarse corn meal,



$22.50; corn and oat chop, $21 per ton.

Hay.—All grades rule steady with last





week., Carlots on track at Detroit

are: No. 1 timothy, $14.50@15; No. 2,‘

$126313; light mixed. '$13.50@14; No. 1

mixed, $12@13 per ton. ~

Chicago—Values have changed with

the general level about steady. Choice





timothy, $16@1'Z per ton; No. 1, $14@15.50;





‘ No. 2 and No. 1 mixed. $12@13.50; No. 3





and No. 2 mixed. $7@11; clover, $7.50@11;

alfalfa, choice, $16@17; do. No. 1, $14@

15; do. No. 2, $116i>13 per ton.

Straw.-—Steady. Carlot prices on wheat

and oat straw on Detroit market are $8

8.50 per ton, rye straw, $9@10 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Button—Conditions show little change

from last week. Values are from 1 to

2c lower all along the line, with dealers

still backward about taking more than

immediate needs demand. Offerings are

showing some increase but still contain

a pretty large proportion of product that

is lacking in body and flavor. Elgin de-

clined 20 on Monday, while in the local

market creameries are off 3c and other





kinds 20 from last weeks figures. Detroit

jabbing prices rule as follows: Fancy

creamery, 28c; firsts, 27c; dairy, 220;





packing stock, 200 per lb.



Elgin.—Market firm at 280.



Chicago—All kinds in pretty good sup-

ply and meeting a rather slack demand.

Conditions of market not very satisfac-

tory but early improvement is antici-

pated. Quotations are: Extra, creamery,

27%60280; extra firsts, 27@271/2c; firsts,

261/261I270; seconds, 25%@26c; dairy ex-

tras, 27c; firsts, 260; seconds, 240; pack-

ing stock, 12@23c as to quality.



New York—Steady with values about

on a par with other markets. Quotations:

Creamery extraS, 28%6L'29c; firsts, 271/.»@

28c; seconds, 261/26t227c; state dairy, fin-

est, 2861281/2c; good to prime, 261/262271/20;

common to fair, 25@260; packing, 2260240

as to quality.



Eggs.—The egg market continues re-

markably steady, on the whole, about the

only fluctuation seen being in ordinary

to under-grade stock. The local quota-

tion is a, fraction above that of last week.

At Detroit current offerings, candled, and

cases included, are quoted at 181/2c per

dozen. '



Chicago—No change here beyond a

slight widening of quotations on miscel-

laneous receipts, which indicates that the





season has arrived when the quality of

such receipts has become more variable





than has been the case in some weeks

past. Offerings liberal but trade is good.

Miscellaneous receipts, cases included,

are quoted at 166118c; (10.. cases returned

15%61171/zc; ordinary firsts, 16@17c;firsts

17%6518c; storage packed, firsts, 183469

190 per dozen.



New York—Firm with values showing

slight advances. Fresh gathered extras,

211,664,220; fresh gathered storage packed,

iirsts, 20@21c; western gathered, whites,

ZOQleéc.



Poultry.——No change this week. Offer-

ings so light that prime stock would

probably command a slight premium over





the quotations. Quotations are: Live.—

Spring chickens, 171/2@18c; hens, 171/261)





180; No. 2 hens, 12611130; old roosters, 12c;

turkeys. 19@20c; geese. 15632151/2c; ducks,

186r20c per lb.



Chit-ago.~—’l‘rade light and market quiet.





Ducks again quoted lower. Quotations

on live are: Turkeys. good weight, 150;

others, 10c; fowls, good. 161/fgc; broilers,

$350617 per dozen; ducks, 15c; geese,

full feathered, 10c; do., plucked, 76080





per lb: guinea hens, $4 per dozen.

Cheese.—New York flats and brick are

quoted lower. \Vholesale lots. Michigan

fiats, new, 131/2,@14c; old, 161/26D17c; New

York flats, new, 141/2@15c; old, 176i‘171/20;

brick cream, 135960140; limburger 18@19c.

VeaI.—In small supply and stronger.

Fancy, 121/26013c; common, 1062110.





Chicago—Quiet and unchanged under

light offerings. Fair to choice, '80@

110-lbs., 1264;121/20; extra fancy stock, 13





6i131/gc; fair to good chunky, 11%@12c.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples—This fruit is firm with prices

slightly improved. The small offerings of

southern fruits is helping the deal. De-

troit quotations now are: Fancy, per

bbl., $2.506t.3.50; ordinary, 75c@$1.50 per

bbl.



Chicago—The best grades of apples

are firm at advanced values. Common

k’inds more slowly. ,Standard winter va—

rieties. $2654.25 per bbl.



PotatOes.—Although the local market

does not reflect the gleam of hope start-

ed in the east by the damage to the new

potato crop in Virginia. and the Carolinas

by frost, and by the short supplies of

Maine farmers due to recent heavy sell-

ing, the dealers of New York and other

eastern centers enjoyed a sudden ini-

provement in the deal, and it now seems

Within the range of possibility for a

strong market to develop. Loeally prices

are up about 30. Michigan stock in car

lots. A3@45c per bu.



Chicago—VVitli receipts continuing to

run behind those of a year ago and deal-

ers contending that their stocks are not

large there is promise of a. little better

market. Prices have advanced already

and those best informedare looking for

further increases. The only drawback is

the belief that farmers have many pota-

toes in reserve; Fancy Michigan stock, 43

@450 per bu; best Wisconsin, 40@47c;

Minnesota. 38@43c per-bu.





WOOL.





Boston—Although inquiries. have been

more numerous and several sfnall sales

consumated here, the general condition

of the trade is practically the same as

for some time past.

and the majority of manufacturers is





 





Dealers are waiting '





taking just encugh' wool to fill immediate

orders. The goods? market continues

quiet and buyers of men's wear goods

have allowed their stocks to become very

low. About the only activity reported

is that of a. few agents of some of the

large woolen mills who are‘in the west

buying raw material. The sales‘in the

fleece states that have been reported

were made at prices around 18c for me-

dium and fine unwashed. The foreign

situation remains unchanged with de-

mand steady and firm and the supply





moderate. The amount of wool sold here

since January 1, aggregates 25,189,800

lbs. compared with 57,130,000 lbs. for





the coresponding period in 1912.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





Dressed hogs are lower, farmers get-

ting 10@10%c this week. In live. poultry,

hens and spring chickens are worth 150.

The egg market continues at 1795c; dairy

butter 28c. Hay is worth $116014. The

attendance of sellers on the city market

Tuesday morning reached 150 and prices

were as follows: Pieplant. 35c; spinach.

80c@$1; asparagus, 75c; potatoes, 45c;

apples, 90c@$1.25. Grain prices are:

\Vlieat, $1.03; corn, 58c; oats, 37c; rye,

45c; beans, $1.60.





THE LIVE STOCKi MARKETS.

Buffalo.

May 13, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning &. Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 150 cars; hogs, 125 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 85 double decks; calves

2,200 head.



\V‘ith 150 cars of cattle on our market

here today, the feeling was slightly bet-

ter than last week, in fact, some of the

heavy cattle sold about 15c per cwt.

higher. The butchers grades that were

fat sold strong to 100 higher. At the

close of the market there was but a few

loads left over. and We anticipate a better

feeling from this time on in the trade.



\Ve quote: Best 1350 to 1500-lb. steers,

5585065875; good to prime 1200 to 1300-lb.

do., $8608.40; good to prime 1100 to 1200~

lb. (10., $7.85@8.25; coarse plainiSh 1100

to 1200-lb. do., $7.50@7.75; medium butch-

er steers, 1000 to 100, 3575063775; butch-

er steers, 950 to 1000, $7.25@7.85; light do.

$7657.25; best fat cows, $6@7; butcher

cows, $561575; light do., $4.50@5; trim-

mers, $3.506D4; best fat heifers, $7.25@8;

medium butcher heifers, $6.75@7.50; light

do., $6.256176.50; stock heifers, $6636.50;

best feeding steers dehorned. $7.50@7.75;

light common stockers, $6606.50; prime

export bulls, $7.25@7.50; best butcher

bulls, $6.75fl725, bologna bulls. $67560

7.25; stock bulls, $550606; best milkers

and springers, $75@100; common kind do.





$406i60.

Our market was oversupplied with

hogs; fully 30 to 40 double decks more





than we expected, 125 loads being on

sale. Slow trade all over the west, and

with just a moderate demand here, our

prices were 1563200 lower than the best

time of Saturday, and the close dull with

some unsold. A few closely sorted light

hogs sold at $8.65, with the bulk of the

transactions at $8.60; pigs and lights from

$8.65@8.75; stags,,$6.25@7; roughs, $7.25

@760. ,



The sheep and lamb market was slow

today, with prices about a quarter lower

than the close of last week; most of the

choice lambs selling for $8.15@8.25; bcst

wethers selling mostly frOm $6@6.25;‘ few





at $6.35; ewes, $5.25@5.75, owing to

weight and quality. Look for about





steady prices the balance of the week. ~



\\'e quote: Choice. lambs, $8.15@8.25;

cull to fair do., $5@8; yearlings, $7@7.25;

bucks, $3604.50; wethers, $6.25@6.35;

handy ewes, $5.50@5.75: heavy do., $52564)

5.50; cull sheep, $350604; veals, choice to

extra, $9609.50; fair to good, $7@8.50;

heavy calves, $4.50@6.





Chicago.

' May 5, 1913.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 18,000 40.000 22.000

Same day last year..27,651 38,686 21,158

Received last week..46,697 132.362 75.221

Same week last year.56.413 172,274 77.953





This week opens with a much smaller

Monday supply of cattle than is usually

seen, and early this morning a few sales

were made of fat cows and heifers 1069

15c higher, while a sale was made of

fancy heavy steers of a better class than

last week’s offerings at $9. After these

transactions the market became rather





slow, and general prices were no better

than late last week. llogs opened 50

lower. with a fairly active shipping de-





mand, the best hogs bringing $8.55, but a

little later trade became slow, local buy-

ers holding off, and prices were partly as

much as 100 lower. Hogs marketed last

week averaged 245 lbs, compared with

228 lbs. a year ago. 243 lbs. two years ago

and 227 lbs. three years ago. The sheep

and lamb trade was dragging, and prices

averaged 106(15c lower.



Cattle prices had quite a shaking up on

Monday last week. when the receipts

reached nearly 30.000 head, causing a fall

of 15619250 in the general market. As is

usual when there is an excessive run,

buyers held back, and at the close large

numbers had to be carried over unsold

to swell the Tuesday offerings. VVednes-

day saw a rally in prices, part of the

decline being recovered, with receipts of

only 10,575 head, and the Thursday mar-

ket was a strong one because of light re-

ceipts. The extreme irregularity of the

receipts is always a source of great an-

noyance to sellers, increasing the Work

of liVe stock commissiOn firms on the big

days and leaving little to do on the "off

days," it being either a feast or a. famine.

Taking the week as a whole, a. large share

of the beef steers crossed the ‘scales at

$7.50@8.50, with the choicer lots of heavy

steers going at $8.50@8.90, the top com-

pa‘ring with $9.25 ’during the previous

week. Common to fair light-weight steers





MAY '10, 1913:





brought $7.15@7.95, with Sales of medium

to prime little yearlings at- ”@890:

Butchering cows and heifers brought.

$5.10@8.60, only a few sales taking place"

near the highest figures, while cutt'ers

went at $445605, canners at $3.30@4.4i0

and bulls at $5.25@7.50. The stocker and





feeder trade was slow, and prices ruled





irregularly lower/the less desirable offer;

ings showing the greatest decline as a.

general rule. Stockers. sold at an ex;

treme range of $590608 for inferior to

prime cattle, while feeders carrying much

weight sold.at $7.30@8, quality rather

than weight being desired by the average

buy-er. Most stockmen are holding back

their well-bred cattle worth finishing.

and very few of the better class are of.—

fered on the market. Calves had agoo'd

sale, with the better class of light-weight

vealers going at $8.50@9.50, andcommon

to fair heavy calves fetching $5607.50.

Milkers and springers sold moderately at

$55@90 per head, inferior co-ws going to

killers. A few prime calves brought 9.75,

but attlie close $9.10 took the best fe-

male cattle declined sharply, being large—

ly 25@35c lower.



Hogs continue to show large weekly

declines in prices, the eastern shipping

demand being most of the time much

Smaller than was the rule earlier in the

year, when this outside buying made

competition lively and resulted in hogs

selling at extraordinarily high prices. As

is the case with cattle and sheep, the

marketing of hogs is very unevenly dis-_





tribu ted over the week, with extremely

liberal offerings on Monday and only

moderate supplies on other days, this





leading to early declines and later partial

recoveries of prices. Light weights con-

tinue the best sellers, this being explained

by.tlie large consumption of fresh pork.

whlch is much cheaper than any other

meats, and pigs of good weight are also





selling relatively high. Medium weight

butcher hogs sell next best to prime

light hogs, and coarse, heavy packing





hogs are lowest of anything in the hog

market. MoSt of the stock feeders are

making their hogs very good in quality,

as well as fairly large in weight. Trad-

ers in hogs and provisions are counting

on increased receipts for May and June

and further reductions in prices. Hogs

are still higher than one and two years

ago, while provisions are lower than a

year ago. At the close of the week hogs

went at 3579061860, with pigs selling at

$6.50@8.45, and st‘ags at $8.406i28.75. A

week earlier the best hogs sold at $9.

Sheep and lambs continued to sell at

extremely high prices last week, even at

times when the market was on t’liedown-

grade, with lambs comprising the great

bulk of the offerings and receipts coming

largely shorn. Handy-weight lambs sold

the highest invariably, and heavy lambs

took the lead in reductions in prices. Con-

ditions a year ago were even more favor-

able for sellers than they are: now, the

mutton production then being abnormally

small, and prices for fat lambs were ex-

traordinarily high, being far above recent

quotations. In a few weeks more Ten-

nessee spring lambs will be marketed

freely, and later there will come the crop

of Kentucky spring lambs, the latter

showing up mainly in July and August.

Kentucky reports an average crop of

lambs, but Tennessee is said to be a lit-

tle short. Despite light receipts, the bulk

of the sheep and lambs closed irregularly





lower than a week ago, the best lambs

ruling only .5@10c IOWer. “'ooled lots

closed as follows: Lambs, $6.25638.85‘;





yearlings, $7.106c7.85; wcthers, $6.25@7.‘25;

ewes, $4.50@7.25; bucks, $5.256r6.25; clip-

ped lambs brought $7.156D7.83. A few

spring lambs sold at $11 per 100 lbs. '





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.



(Continued from page 573).

Work has already begun on different

parts of the county. Lamb feeders are

well pleased with the season’s feed. All

the fault found is that they did not dare

to buy heavier last fall. A large amount

of hay will be carried over on account

of the,low market. Potatoes are being

marketed quite liberally. No beans going

to market.



Northern lsabella and Southern Clare

Co.'s.—Ten days of fine weather have giv-

en the farmers a chance to get a lot of

plowing done and they all seem to be

getting there. .No plowing was done last

fall owing to being so wet. Quite a lot

of hay being moved and is selling at $961)

10 per ton. Beans are on the raise at

the present time, selling at $1.706i'1.75 per

bushel. All kinds of cattle selling well.

Farmers just beginning to shear their

sheep. Horse's selling very high. Butter,

25c; eggs, 15c; cream, 320.



' Ohio. '



Hardin Co., April 30.——1\'c have been

having fine weather for the past two

weeks, but some are just getting through

with their oat sowing. But very little is

plowed for corn yet, only what was plow-

ed in the winter. EVerybody is busy,

the spring opening up so late. There Will

be quite an acreage of corn planted this

season. “'heat and graSs look fair for

this year. Butter, 25c; eggs, 160. .



Carroll '00., May 3.—lt has been pretty

warm down here for the last few days.

Most of the farmers have their cats sown.

Lots of ground to be plowed for corn vet.

Grass is growing nicely. Sheep are doing

well. Some horSe buyers looking for

young horses, but there are very. few

colts for sale. Most of the apple orchards

are in full bloom. All farmers are very

busy. Kl'heat came through winter in

fine shape; also rye.



Pennsylvania.



Erie Co., May 5.—VVeat‘her very-warm

with but little rain. Grass looking very

good; large outlook for wheat. Farmers’

are now sowing their oats, and many

plowing for corn. The prospects for fruit

are good. Cows are very high,- ranging

from $50@100. Horses (draftifrom‘ "200

@300. Beef cattle, $8 per cwt; hogs. 3 .50

@9 per » cwt; calves ~_'(ve-al)

live; butter-{3003168881. 17c. ....--





from “6@91;éc,





 





 





 





.... y- N .





 





‘g

g
>419





 





.milkers,





' 980 at $5.35;





.. m 10‘; 1913. ‘ , ~





frms is rue-Inner EDITION. -





mine am edition the Detroit 1115

stock markets are 0‘ not week;

all at er— mn‘rketa' up to, date.





are: mt ’

Thursday's Molt Live Stock . _

are-817011 in tho.m,odit10n, who am

edition is, mailed ’Thuredeywthe; last out-

tion Friday mornan' The first edition .is

mailled'to those. who care more .to- get the

new only: then they do-tor Thursdwy’s

Detroit; Live Stock market report.- You

may have extradition- desired. Subscrib-

ers may change mom one widen to‘ :9-





other M dropping-‘11,“: a. card to that elect.





lumen HY! ‘ Hm Harm'-

" ’ Thur-day's. Market. .

- May 1, 1913.

Cattle.





Market steady at Wed-

10@15c lower than last





Receipts, 1059.

nesday's prices;





week. , , .

- W‘e _gquote: Best- dry-fed steers, $8@

8.25; steers and heifers. 1000 to 1200,





$7.25@7.75; do. 800 to 1000, $6.75@7.25; do

that are fat. 500 to 700, $6@6.75; choice

fat cows, $6.50@6.75; good do, $5.50”@6

common cows, $4.,50@4.75; canners, $3.50

@415; choice heavy bulls, $6.75@7;' fair

to 300d bolognas, bulls, $6.25@6.50‘; stock

bulls, $5@6; choice feeding steers, 800 to

1,000, $6.75'@7.25; fair (10., 800 to 1,000,

$6@6.75; choice stockers, 500 to 700. $6.50

@675; fair stockerS, 500 to 700, 5.50@

6.25;‘stock heifers, $4@5; milkers, large,

young, medium, age, $60@75;- common

$35@50. .



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co. 6

cow: av 1005 at $6, 2 bulls av 1250 at





-





$6.75. 1 cow weighing 1100 at $6.35, 4 (10‘





av 1052 at $5.90; to Hammond, S. & Co.

1 steer weighing 970 at $7.50, 6,do av 766

at $7, 5 do av 824 at $7.40, 8 do av 987 at

$7.65, 8 do av 934 at $7.65, 2 canners av

780 at $3.75; to Parker, XV. & Co. 2 cows

av 990 at $5, 4 do av 1137 at $6.50, 2 do

av 1150 at $6, 2 do av 920 at $5. 4 do av

780 at $5.25, 2 steers av 920 at $7, 1 bull

weighing 1710 at $7, 1 do weighing 1100

at $6.50; to Goose 2 cows av 840 at $4, 3

butchers av 770 at $5.50, 4 do av 830 at

$6.75; to Hammond, S. & Co. 8 steers av

1064 at $7.65; to Rattkowsky 4 COWS av

to Hammond, S. & Co. 1

steer weighing 1180 at $7.75, 8 do av 815

at $7, 1 cow weighing 910 at $6, 3 steers

av 953 at $7.50, 1 cow weighing 760 at

$4.50; to Mich. B. Co. 6 cows av 906 at

$6.55, 5 steers av 1004 at $7.35, 5 cows

and bulls av 870 at $6.50, 4 cows av

1007 at $6.25, 2 bulls av 1080 at $6.50, 7

cows av 1023 at $6.50. 1 steer weighing

780 at $7; to Parker, 11'. & Co. 7 COWS av

1086 at $6.50, 3 bulls av 1323 at $6.75; to

Kamman B. Co. 12 steers av 883 at $7.50.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 1 can-

ner weighing 870 at $3.25, 4 butchers av

635 at $6, 2 do av 995 at $7. 9 do av 765





.at $7; to_ Sullivan P. Co. 2 bulls av 1350





at $6.85, 3 cows av 1000 at $5.50, 3 cow

and bulls av 960 at $6.25, 1 cow weighing

1370 at $6.50, 2 do av 1090 at $5.75, 4

steers av 825 at $7.30; to Goose 1 cow

weighing 960 at $6.50, 2 do av 870 at

$5.60; to Kull 8 steers av 807 at $7.30; to

Jones 16 stockers av 344 at $4.90.



Roe Com. C0. sold Breitenbeck 13 cows

av 1005 at $5.50, 1 do weighing 900 at $5;

to RattkOWSky 1 do weighing 870 at $4.35,

5 do av 1072 at $5.65; to Sullivan P. Co.

1 heifer weighing 670 at $5, 3 cows av

1100 at $6.25, 1 do weighing 920 at $4.50,

12 do av 1125 at $6.35, 1 do weighing

1000 at $4; to Donovan 4 do av 817 at

$4.50; to VVyness 2 steers av 1000 at

$7.50, 1 bull weighing 820 at $6.50, 1 steer

weighing 800 at $7, 4 heifers av 58-2 at

$5.75; to Hammond, S. & Co. 4 steers av

957 at $7.60, 2 bulls av 1090 at $6.50.

-Taggart sold Newton B. Co. 1 steer

weighing 840 at $7, 10 do av 991 at $7.60.



Sharp sold Mich. B. Co. 9 cows av 1041

at $6.15.



Bush Bros. sold Gerisch Market 00.,

19 steers av 933 at $7.50.



Spicer & R. sold Thompson Bros. 1

cow weighing 680 at $4.25; to Sullivan P.

Co. 8 steers: av 770 at $7, 7 cows av 1017

at $6.25, 6 steers av 1086 at $7.75. 2 cows

av 1010 at $6, 8 steers av 919,at $7.45,

1 cow weighing 1020 at $5, 2 do av 910

at $6; to Breitenbeck 1 do weighing 1230

at $6, 29 steers av 800 at $7; to Goose

6 cows av 981 at $5, 2 heifers av 855 at

$7; to Donovan 4 steers av 855 at $7.40,

2 cows av 905 at $4.75; to Sullivan P.

Co. 11 steers av 971 at $7.50; to Kull 14

butchers av 971 at $7.50: to Mason B.

Co. 12 do av 933 at $7.50: to Hammond,

S. & Co, 34 do av 947 at $7, 1 bull Weigh-

ing 1670 at $7. 7 heifers av 840 at $7, 9

do av 590 at $5.75, 2 bulls av 935 at $6.25;

to Mason B. Co. 20 steers av 830 at $7.20;

to Sullivan P. Co. 2 do av 980 at $7.50, 11





- do av 847 at $7.15, 4 do av 907 at $7.40;





to Hirschleman 11 do av 767 at $7.10.

Veal Calves.

Receipts, 973. Market steady at last

week’s prices. Best. $9629.50; others, $5

@850; milch cows and springers steady.





Haley & M, sold Goose 25 av 135 at $9,





13 av 110 at $8.50, 1 weighing 270 at $6,

2 av 150 at $9.25: to Kull 4 av 140 at

$9.25; to Applebaurn 6 av 125 at $9.50;

to Burnstine 21 do av 140 at $9.25.

Weeks sold Burnstine 17 av 130 at $9.

Vaughan Bros. sold same 12 av 135

at $9.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 5 av

120 at $7.50, 9 av 140 at $9.25; to Sullivan

P. Co. 4 av 140 at $9; to Goose 15 av 135

at $8.50. 33 av 135 at $9.25; to Bray 5 av

110 at $9.25, 2 av 140 at $9.50.



Sandal! sold Goose 8 av 150 at $8.975.



Downing sold Newton B. Co. 9 av 135





at $8.75. .

Bls‘hop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

{Say 11 at $7.50, 10 av 135 at $9. 1





Weighing 100 at $7.50, 8 av 145 at $9, 4

av 115 at $8.50; to Kull 12 av 130 at $9;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 43 av 135 at $9:

to Mich. 'B. CO. 3 av 110 at $7.50, 17 av

135 at 350; to Parker, W. &

140 at , 2 av 215 at $5.50; to Goose 3

av 126; at $6.60, 26 3.15140 at $8; to Mich.

B. Co. 12 av 135 at $9; to Rattkowsky 8'

$6150 at $9.86: to Parker. W. a Go. 4 av

119- at .175; «to -



145. at. $7.50.,





 





 





137. '16 av 150 at





00. 10 av





 





 





T HE M I c. HI G .4 N7 F. A .1; ME .R.





12 av 130 at $9, 28 av 135 at, $9.25. 7 av

110 at $7.50, 18 av 130 at $9.25, 2 av 15031:

9.25, 7"av 115 at 39'; to





McGuire 4 av 13 at $7.50, ‘19 av 140 at





$9.50, 5 av 150 at $9.50; to Rattko-wsky 4‘





av 115 at $8.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 13 av.

130 at $9; to Nagle P. Co. 43 av 140 at

$8.50, 52 av 130 at $9, 11 av 135 at' $9;

to Sullivan P. 00. 5 av 140 at $9.25, 3 av

140 at $9.25,, 15 av 135 at $9.25, 6 av 145

at $9.25; to'Hammond, S. & Co. 54 av 130

at $8.65; to Nagle P. Co. 11 av 135 at $9.

7 Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 2278. Market 10@15c lower

than last week; quality very common;

trade dull. Best lambs, $7.50; fair d0.,

$6@7; light to common do., $4.50@5.50;

fair to good sheep, $5.25@5.50‘; culls and





* common, $3@4.





Sheep market closed weak and 50010w-

er than the opening.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Nagle P. Co. 53

sheep av 125 at $5.50, 6 do av 70 at $2.50,

25 do av 100 at $5.50; to Harland 9 spring

lambs av 50 at $9; to Sullivan P. Co. '89

lambs av 75 at $7.50; to Parker, W. &

Co. 20 sheep av 90 at $5.50, 6 do av 95

at $5.50, 6 do av 125 at $5.50; to Thomp-

son. Bros. 50 lambs av 78 at $7.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 82 do av 88 at $7.50; to





Newton B.- Co. 62 do av 70 at $7.25; to'





Nagle P. Go. 7 do av 85 at $7.75, 32 do

av 70 at $7.50, 18 sheep av 105 at $5, 8

do av 125 at $5.25; to Fitzpatrick Bros.

18 sheep av 85 at $3.50, 33 do av 75 at

$4.75, 19 lambs av 50 at. $5. 30 sheep av

95 at $4.50. 18 do av 80 at $3.50, 33 do av

90 at $4.75; to Young 15 lambs av 75 at

$7.50, 67 do av 85 at $7.50, 16 sheep av

85 at $5; to Sullivan P. Co. 17 sheep av

120 at $4; to Davenport 10 do av 70 at

$4.50. 35 do av 105 at $5.



Spicer & R, sold Thompsou Bros. 4

sheep av 105 at $3.50, 6 do av 100 at

$5.50: to Sullivan P. Co. 17 spring lambs

av 60 at $10; to Newton B. Co. 63 lambs

av 70 at $7.55; to Kull 15 do av 55 at $6;

to Hayes 58 do av 49 at $4.85; to Thomp-

son Bros, 14 sheep av 90 at $5.60, 14

lambs av 65 at $7.50.



Ree Com. Co. sold Bray 15 sheep av

85 at $5; to Youngs‘ 15 lambs av 75 at

$7.50, 67 do av 75 at $7.50, 16 sheep av

90 at $5: to Barlage 10 do av 66 at $4.50,

37 lambs av 55 at $6. 80 do av 70 at $7.50.

28 do av 55 at $7, 3 spring lambs av 45

at $9.50, 20 lambs av 55 at $4.50, 2 sheep

av 85 at $4.



Hogs.



Receipts, 6023. None sold up to noon;

prospects 5c higher than on Wednesday;

about 206’25c lower than last week.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers‘ $8.80; pigs, $8.90; mixed, $8.70@8.75;

stags one-third off.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker. W. & Co.

2900 av 190 at $8.80. 815 av 210 at $8.75,

82 pigs av 120 at $8.90.



Roe~ Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 300

av 190 at $8.80. '





Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

250 av 180 at $8.80.

Haley & M. sold same 270 av 190 at





$8.80, 140 av 200 at $8.75.





 





Fridayfs Market.





, May 2, 1913.

Cattle.

Receipts this week. 1222; last week.

1743. Market steady at' Thursday’s

prices. W'e quote: Best steers, $8; steers





and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $750698; do. 800





to 1000, $7.25fa 7.75: do. that are fat. 500

to 700, $050677; choice fat cows, $625617





6.75; good do., $6626.25; common cows.

$5615.50: canners, $3.50fll4.25: choice heavy

bulls, $7677.25; fair to good bologna bulls,

$6.50@6.75; stock bulls. $5.50fii6: choice

feeding steers. 800 to 1000. $650417: fair

do. 800 to 1000. $6716.75: choice stockers.

500 to 700, $6.50fi6.75; fair (10.. 500 to 700,

85.50436: stock heifers, $450675; milkers,

large, young, medium age, $65@75; com-





mon milkers, $40@60.

» Veal Calves.

Receipts this week, 1350; last week,

1065. Market 2.50 lower than on Thurs-





day. Best, $8.75fl9.25; others, $5@8;milch

cows and springers steady.

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts this week. 3106;

4838. Market steady at Thursday's

prices. Best lambs, $7.50: fair d0., $6.50

(07; light to commOn do, $450626; fair to

good sheep, 34.75675; culls and common,

$37114.

Ho





Receipts, this week, 7966; last week,

6247. Market 10c lower than on Thurs-

day. Range of prices; Light to good

butchers. $8.70; pigs. $8.80; mixed, $8.65

((18.70; stags one-third off.





last week,





In Idaho many sheepmen wintered as

many good breeding ewes as they could

obtain, retaining their ewes, besides buy-

ing more, as they had a strong faith in





the future of the sheep industry. Other-

wise flocks were pretty well marketed.

and the high prices prevailing in the





markets of the country for fat lambs and

sheep resulted in a more thorough ship-

ment than usual. The ranges last sum-

mer and autumn were unusually good.

and flocks were made fat without any

difficulty as a rule. Reports from south-

ern Idaho speak of plentiy of good hay

and water. rendering the region an ideal

one for sheep feeding. but the railroad

transportation facilities are very limited.

while rates charged are so high as to

take a large share of the profits.



8. U. COwger, of Waukee, Ia... was in

the Chicago market recently with a car

load of fat cattle and a car load of

choice hogs. The steers were branded

westerns that tipped the scales at 1.472

lbs. and brought $9 per 100 lbs. Mr. Cow-

ger purchased them last fall on the Oma-

ha market for $7 per 100 lbs. and put

them on feed in Nevember. They were

furnished fodder mornings and ear corn

every night, while of latefio lbs. of a1-

falfa meal wee fed to the 18 head every

day, the entire period of feeding extend-

ing oVer 140 days. Mr. Cowger reported

an extremely moderate supply of cattle





.and swine 'feeding in his part of the





COllntTY.





VETERINARY.





(Continued from page 573).



per ~cent Solution of carbollc acid or a

one to 1,000 solution of bichloride of mer-

cury and water; or a five per cent solu-

tion of coal tar disinfectant. In my prac-

tice I have very often covered end» of

cord with wood tar 'or collodlon. It is

not unusual for the attendant to infect

colt by having dirty hands or using a

dirty string in tying cord.



Shaking Head—We have a horse eight

years old which we raised and seems to

work all right on. plow, but when we drive

him single, he has spells of throwing and

shaking his head. acting as if he was

crazy. Sometimes we have to stop,“ let

him quieten down and lately he shows it

most when going faster than a walk.

Mrs. G. T. 0., Grass Lake, Mich—«His

harness may need adjusting; you may

check his head up too high; if fleshy, re,—

duée him; if bowels are costive, keep

them loose. Give him 2 drs. of potas-

sium bromide and 1 dr. ground nux vom-

ical at a dose in feed three times a day.

He may perhaps suffer from vertigo.



Chronic Heaves.——I bOught a mare

last February supposed to be ten years

old, sound and all right. A month later

I discovered she had heaves. Since then

she has been getting worse every day

until now she is so bad that She refuses

to eat. I am anxious to have her put in

working condition. Would it be all right

to breed her? H. F. B.. Fosters, Mich.—-

Feed no clover, or musty, dusty. badly

cured fodder of any kind, and not much

bulky food. She should be well nourish—

ed on food that is not bulky; also give

her 3 drs. Fowlers solution, 1 dr, fluid

extract nux vomica and 1/2 oz. fluid ex-

tract gentian at a dose in damp feed

three times a day. She will perhaps be

able to do light work. but you should not

work her if she is not eating plenty of

nutritious food. I do not approve of us-

ing this kind of a mare for breeding

purposes.



Heifer Gives Bloody Milk—I have a

Holstein heifer which has been giving

bloody milk most of the time for two or

three months. She is a very hard milker

and in low flesh; the bloody milk comes

mostly from one quarter. H. ’ Alto,

Mich.—There must be an open blood

vessel in her quarter and in order to

have it heal you must discontinue milk—

ing that quarter: therefore, I advise you

to draw off milk through a tube and

avoid manipulating that portion of the

udder.



Barren Conn—l bought a cow last Sep-

tember which the owner stated had been

fresh six weeks and he thought she was

with calf again. One week after I bought

her she came in heat and after breeding

her in three separate heat periods she,

ceased to come in heat and has not shown

any indication of it since. Do you be-

lieve she is now with calf? I also have





a nine-year-old cow that gives lumpy

milk and she will be fresh June 8. I am

m~1king no use of her milk and would



‘1





like to have your advice what to do.

8., ‘Vayne County, Mich—Your cow is

perhaps with calf and should be left

alone and your other cow should be dried.



Foot-rot.—I have been feeding western

lambs since last February and nearly all

of them are afflicted with sore feet. A

crack cOmes between the toes well back

on the heel and in most cases causes

lamenesS; besides, the sores discharge

pus. Our local Vet. prescribed sheep dip

applied to the feet, but this failed to do

any good. I have 118 head that are dis-

eased. I forgot to mention that there is

lots of manure in the yard and pens

where they are kept. Any information

along this line will be greatly appreciat-

ed. G. M., Bellevue, Mich.~—First of all

they should be kept in a clean pen and

the ground should be thoroughly soaked

with one part carbolic acid and 50 parts

water. or copperas water made by dis-

solving 1/3 lb. powdered sulphate copper

in a gallon of water. They should also

be driven through a solution of this kind

once a day. Your box should be pluced

in a hallway and the liquid should be

about one inch deep. These applications

should be made daily. Apply either pow—

dered alum or oxide of zinc to sores after

a few days' soaking in the first mention-

ed lotion.



Nasal Catarrlr—I have a nine—year-old

driving horSe that has been coughing for

the past four or five months and when





driving him a white slimy substance

comes from both nostrils. But he does

not appear to be sick. G. F. 8., Linden.





 





Mich. Give your home a teaspoonful of

powdered sulphate of iron, 1A. oz. ground

gentian and a teaspoonful‘of powdered

nitrate of potash at a dose in feed three

times a day.



Indigestion Collc.—--I have been a read-

er of the Michigan Farmer for five years

and always enjoy reading the veterinary

column. Have a 14-year—old horse that

shed nicely, is fleshy and apparently

thriving, but during the past lWU weeks

has had two attacks of colic. I am feed—

ing ground oats, carrots and clover hay.





 





and always wet hay. B. .17)., Marion.

Mich—Discontinue wetting clover hay

and give; him two tablesponnfuls of gin-





ger and the same quantity of powdered

charcoal at a dose

day.



Out of Condition—M'y eight-year-old

mure had a colt last summer; since then

she appears weak and has not thrived.

Her bowels are c09tive and excrement is

Mich—Feed





coated. A. T., Falmouth,

your mare plenty of well salted bran

mash, roots and clover hay. Give her 1





oz. of ground gentian, 1 (1r. powdered

buchu leaves and 1/2 oz.





dose twice a day; also give her a. dessert





spoonful of Fowler’s solution at a dose,





three times a. day. _

Painful Spavin Lameness—Hide-bound.

~I have a mare 12 years old that has





been out of condition all winter and I-





have not been. able to restore her. She

has had two. colts. 1911 and 1912, and is

troubled with a spavin. Have Worked





her very little all winter. 0. C. 0., Bar-





v





 





 





in feed three times a‘





fenugreek at u .





 





l5---Ei75~





Clinging Afterbirth.——I would like to

know it giving a cow medicine will re-

lieve her of a. clinging afterbirth? C.

A. F., Fremont, Mich—The most useful

drug is ergot, but results are not by any

means always satisfactory. .I have be-

lieved by giving a cow 1 oz. of fluid ex-

tract of ergot every three or four hours

for 24 hours after calving, it assisted the

cow in expelling placenta. It must not

be forgotten that ergot is a somewhat

dangerous drug if over-doses are given

or if it is kept up for too long a time.

If the afterbirth of a cow does not come

away in 12 or 24 hours, it should be tak-

en away by hand as completely as pos- ,

slble, then treat her .with mild antiseptic

remedies. A normal salt solution is about

as good as any.



Light Milker.——Have a Jersey heifer,tw0

years old that came fresh April 17; she

gives a very small quantity of milk and

I am letting calf suck her, thinking she

may improve. H. F.. St. Louis, Mich——

She is perhaps a light producer and I know

of no better way to improve her, than by

liberal feeding. .

aga, Mich—If She is rough coated, clip

her; her teeth may need attention. The

pain of spavin is affecting her health.

Apply one part red iodide of mercury

and four parts lard to bunch every week

or ten days. Feed her mixed hay and

plenty of roots. besides feeding her plenty

of grain. '





nit users! norusrunior





WELL DRILLIN





MACHINE RY in America. We





have been making

it for over20 years. Do not buy until you see

our new Illustrated Catalogue No.14, Send for

it now. It is FREE,





 





 





 





Austin Manufacturing 00., Chicago.

that will revolutionize

the paint world. The

USERS PAINT, ready for

use, is a high grade machine

made paint, which will stay

on where other paints are

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toda for full information and free color card show-

ing fodelesa shades. We sell you direct and save

you from 40 to cents per gallon and give you a paint

worth four times its cost.





dress

The User: Paint 00., $235353; Detroit, Mich.

FACTORIES—Detrott. Mich. St. Louis. Mo.





Pump Grind Sow

MADE FOR HARD USE

Wood Mills are But

Engines are Simple

Feed Grinders, Saw

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Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons Co.

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" ‘ ,W 4’ :‘ Trust!“ , ,.orenybenkin0ity

HAY Ship your curload lots to us.

THE E. L. RICHMOND 00..

Detroit. - Michigan.





FARMS AND FARM uuns

Hill SALE DH EXEHANEE _





ER 1:.EW EORK ItMIPROVED FSABlglg—aro great

at ms a reset: ow rices. f ' .

MoBU NEY 4! E30,, 703 Fishlhr Bldg.. %1hic:;(),rffi.118t





80 ACRES choice farm and fruit land, Benzio

County. Michigan. Good house and



barn. Home orchard p‘lanted. Two large springs.

Mustsell at. once. ‘MUR A‘I ACKLIN. Darling. Miss.

and unim roved’lande in Delaware.





hrl'lc F'rms diverslfl farming live stock, de-

licious fruits and ideal homes. or information

address, State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





FOR SALE—Choice dairy or general farming proposition: 268

acres; 8 miles east on Williamsburg road, 20 minutes from

the capitol. Well improved. Plenty water. wood, fruit and 3

dwellings, 200 acres cultivation andplsture. Safe investment.

Owner's lddl‘eis, H. D. Johnston 3 Sons. Richmond, V3.11. 3.





noun-mime Finns-rsammgror are



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included to settle quickly. More in :rodliggvgeddgg



near good markets here than the same monev will



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Literature will be sent to any-

one interested in the wonder.





 





 





 





A

WI LBUR cor, . E. x.

A.81. 1mm term, A. a Laggi'ol'vllhm

slamming?» #11 a. Carolina.

tantalum a. Manon. N. c.
M rs.





Granger — “And

friends, the last thing on our

program is a standing vote of

thanks to Anty‘ Drudge for

coming among us and' telling

us about the wonderful labor-





now,





saver, Fels-Naptha S o a p.

Every woman who uses

Fels—Naptha Soap is a life-

long friend-”of Anty Drudge.”





There are over

a million women

in the United

States who find

3 o m e r e a s o 11

every day to be

grateful to Anty





Drudge and F els-

,Naptha Soap.





Fels-Naptha S o a p

makes all kinds of

housework easier, and

does it better than it

was ever done before.

It works best in cool

or lukewarm water. It

lwashes clothes snowy

white, with no boiling

and hard rubbing; it

cuts grease on pots

and pans, and makes

china and glassware

glisten.





Follow the directions on the inside

of the Red and Green Wrapper.





 





Fels & Co., Philadelphia.





THE MICHIGAN FA‘RMER,





 





A Shawl Pattern.





BY VESTA C. HANEY.





This shawl, while substantial and inex-

pensive, combines warmth and coziness,

and for this reason would be especially

suitable for an invalid or elderly person.

It is developed entirely of Shetland floss.

Two threads are taken, and they may be

allke or contraSting 0r harmonizing in

color, as is the usual way with Shetland

floss shawls. It works up beautifully in

the mixed gray or rich red floss. About

one pound of the floss is required, half of

each color, or perhaps a little more than

a pound if fringe of considerable depth is





1‘





g1Illlllll|lllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllll||Ill]|lllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllIllllllllllllll||lllllllllllIl|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg





Women and Her Needs.





At Home and Elsewhere. . _

fill”llll||||IlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllll|llllllllIllllllIllll|||llllllllllllIllllllllllll|||llllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll”HUME





 





one has to buy it and pay five cents for

two stalks it is a luxury few can afford

very often, and it seems strange that.

more celery isn’t grown in more farm

gardens.





To begin, I get two boxes of good, fine





MAY 10, 1913.





-MORE THAN EVER '

Increased Ca eel? for Mental Labor Since

envy 1120“ Coffee.



Many former coffee drinkers who have

mental work to perform, day after day,

have fOund a better capacity and greater

endurance by using Postum instead of



coffee. An Ills, woman writes:



“I had drank coffee for about twenty

Years, and finally had what the. doctor

called ‘coffee heart.’ I was nervous and

extremely despondent; had little mental

or physical strength left, had kidney trou-





soil, one for the early kind and one for ble and constipatiOn.

the late. If the early celery is started “The first noticeable benefit derived

now it should be ready to eat the last of from the change from coffee to l’ostum





 





 





 





 





 





Iwill send you we aid,





vawrw‘rflrw ,

P.’ m‘ rm- , '

the most wonderful ittle





F“ R $2 WASHING MACHINE





ever made, Re ular price $33. 50. Easy to operate—the

. children “illt tiink It. fun It is dboolutely guaran-

ed, and if not satisfactory money will be returned.

ct as my agent, and earn big commissions anda

trip to California. ALICE C. PAGE. Call Bldg...

San Francisco. “Everybody knows me.‘





Chairs &Tricycles ‘-\ ._





’ For Inn“; and Cripple.





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





A Shawl Suitable for an





1

1





desired. If the shawl is deshcd fol cool

,‘spring and summer evenings, perhaps it

l . . — .



.\\'11h a cha111 about "1 niches long. 011





iii work onc row in double crochet, one in

cach chain excepting the first two, which

arc skipptd.



1 Second l:ow.——'l‘u1‘n, chain two, ‘1‘ make

onc double crochet around the post,

stem, the first double crochet of first

row. working it on the front; then one

double czochct around the post of the

my stitch. working it on tho back. The

terms “flout" and "back" refer to the

sut1atcs of the work. (if course, the

11"1ont is that which is toward the worker.

tc1:wtt 1‘1om 5‘, making one double cro-

chct on the front and one on the back,

1111111 the cud of the row is reached.



l The third row is worked like the sec-

lolld 11|\\'. but reversed. That is. those

lstitchcs which in the second row \Vcre

worked the back, in the third are

worked on the front; and, vice versa, the

stitches woikcd on the front in the sec-

}ond row are worked on the back in the

llilll‘tl.



1 Continue in this way for the length of

{illc shawl. about one and one—half to one

'and thrcc—t'ourths yards, as desired. Al-

though it is not the sides may

be linishcd off with either a small shell

short double crochet stitch. For

this one thread of the floss will be

sullicient and a small bone hook better

for the purpose, but for" the body of the

shawl a large ltook of wood or celluloid

will be found more satisfactory as the

work can be held looser in this way.



_\ simple and appropriate fringe for

this shawl. as it adds warmth and soft-

ness, made by taking about sevcn

threads ot‘ the floss, of twice the desired

length of 1hc fringe, and tying them quite

closdy acrOss the ends as shown in the

illustration.





(ll'





0 1'





l

1

1

l

l

1

l

l





 





(lll





essential,





Ul‘ {l

(«1341:





is





 





THE CELERY PLOT.



nr FANNIE v. WILSON.

is a good time to get the early

plants started for the garden. Some peo-

ple would rather go to the greenhouse

and get the plants they need when it is

time to set them out, but I find it much

more interesting to get seeds that I know

are right and start them at home in pans

and boxes. Everyone knows how to start

cabbage, tomato and cauliflower but why

not try some celery this year? When





Now





 





 





August. Scatter the seeds rather thickly was the natural actiOn of the kidneys



over the soil and cOVcr by sprinkling and bowels. In two weeks my heart



with a thin layer of more soil. Water action was greatly lmpt'ovwl and m?“



sparingly each day and when the. plants nerves steady.



get to be almost an inch high tran:plant “Then I became. less dcspondcnt, and



in larger boxes to about an inch apart. the desire to be active again shcwcd



'l‘llf‘ (lays will be warmer by this time proof-of renewed physical and mental



and the boxes can be. set out of doors strength.



in the sun during the day. at least. 'l‘hey “I am steadily gaining in physical

strength and brain powcr. I formerly



w did mental work and had to give, i; up



on account of coffee. but since using

Postum I' am doing hard mental labor

with less fatigue than chl' before."



Name given by Postum Co” Battle,

Crock. Mich.



l’ostum now c0111cs in ncw concentrated

form called instant l‘oslum. it is regular

Poslum. St) pmccsscd at tho factory that

only the soluble portions asc rctaincd.



,\ spoonful of instant l’-stum with hot

watcl‘. and sugar and cl's-am 1o 13>‘t0,

producc instantly a dclicious beverage.



\\'l‘i[1- for thc little lumk, "The llofitl





 





Invalid or Elderly Person.





should bc labeled so that you can tell

the carly from the late.

About; the lir<t ol".lune the early plants





can be. transplantcd if lhcy scom large

enough, but tho first of July is soon

cnoua‘h for the lalc va1icty. \\'hcn trans-

planting to thc gardcn set about five

inches apart, in rows about thrcc feet

apart, in good rich soil. Of course. all

vegetable; grow faster and larger in loose





mucky soil but they have more flavor and





t0 \\'cllvilic."





“'l‘hcro's u for l‘oslum.





Save

$205





$75





on First Cost—

Then





WITH LESS FUEL

Are you willing: to pay 825 to 875 more for a fur-

nace not nearly as good as the Kalamazoo?

Certainly not, especially when the Kalamazoo

gives greater heat and cuts down fuel bills.

Furnace and complete Ilttings shipped direct of

factory Pi'ICl’.



30 Days Free Trial-Cash or Credit

You don t kecp tho Kalamazoo unless it proves

in service that it can heat 3 our house perfectly

at minimum expense. C0111 ement payments.

We pay freight charges.





Furnace Book Free

Gives you facts that will snxe you money in

buying, installing and operntim: your furnate.

We're g lad to mail it free write a request on

apostal; -ask for 1 31.1102 No. 909.





Kalamazoo Stove $0., Mfrs. ., Kalamazoo, Mich.

We have two other catalogs, one describing

Heating and Cookiwmf Stoves, the other describ-

Wil





licason"





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





 





 





 





are more solid material when grown on ingGas Ranges 'choncdoyou wish?

upland. Trade Mark Registered.



lf grown on the upland the. ground AKalama'loo 81':

Should be loosened on each side of the - " 510101

row near the plants with hoe or rake to DIIQCt (0 You To”

preserve the moisture during the hot

summer months.



\\'hcn the early celery is nearly grown

bleach it with small tile, boards or dirt. 3 great features



i like the tile because when one stalk is Overhead- valve Motor—more

cut out the tile can be placed over an— powerandspced. RearSpring

other plant and in this way it can be type lnbures(01nf0rt Spring

bleached HS llSHl- Fork absorbs \ibmtiou.



The late variety may be banked rather nodein”l-1gl1tweight"

early in the fall to insure its gctting T2613?“

bleached bcl‘ore the frost as it should be “rm“,

taken up and put in the cellar bcforc 13363;}:iiiiiurdbgliliitd‘co.

1111s. It 1t doesn't seem to have bleached _ 3





much when taken up it will be

but it will take a little longer. Stand it

in trenches with sand around the roots.

That which we had last fall started to

growing soon after it was put into the

cellar and we had nice, tender celery all

winter long, until the first of March.



If the mother or father hasn’t time to





all right





 





 





 





 





grow a small patch. perhaps the children Av 10 On Every "/ __

could be interested in it, and if they like 3 E ceallon 0' PAI T

cclery they would find it more interest- $2 Quality Direct To You $1030

ing to grow than any Olher vegetable. I gffifitifiarfifii‘fiifi‘éfig‘ii‘l’ii

STYLE lN EGGS. Reldyiouse—Sl 30pergalloninlotsoffigal. andover.

Freight prop-id. W rite for trial offer.

' Y _ BATTLE CREEK ROOFING 8: MFG. CO.

BY “- F- “II-1C0)?“ To W. Siaio Si. Battle Creek, Mlch.





Don't put all your eggs in one basket

if they are not all one color. Some peo-

ple prefer white eggS. some. brown. Some

markets pay more for one color, others

more for another.



Anyway, a basket of mixed colors isn't

half so attractive as a basket of one col-

or. No one would think of packing a

barrel or box of apples of mixed colors,

red, -yellow, etc. Neither do redgand

white potatoes sell well mix-ed.





Also makers of Pope~liartford Auto- ' ’

111ol1ilcs Columbia and Pope Bicxclt L C“





 





 





 





REF::rn1-NCE—Old National Bank





YOUR MONEY“: ""” 5%





if invested with this Society. Interest paid



semi-annually. Let us have your name and



address and we will tell you ofthe advan-



tages offered by this Society which has bee'n



doing business for over twenty years.



The Industrial Savings Society,

9 Hammond Bldz. .. Detroit Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





No doubt a box of mixed apples would

be worth just as much from 'a'. purely

food value standpoint as abox‘of one





 





i25 ASSMITED POST





silver.





21

I. ROY \VATERBURY. Pres AUSTIN N KTMMIS. Secy,

and 100 Gold





c‘nns Eyed Needle-





nnseorted sizes, sent poo pa (1 on receipt 01525 t ,

BERT C. PEC .Charlotte. Miclaigiifrli.l
MAY 10, 1913.



color but they won't sell as well. So a.

dozen eggs of one color may not proscess

any more foodvalue than a dozen mixed.

but they sell better.



Somebody "ultimately grades your eggs

and places them in cases according to

the color, and for. the Work makes sev—

eral cents on a dozen. ,The producer

might as well do the grading himself and

get the- reward. The farmer might as

well be onto the frills and styles and

females of the market as the middleman.





 





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editorz—I have a cream-

colored hat of good quality of fine straw;

would like to color it blue. Can you tell

me how to dye it and what kind of dye

to use?—Mrs. E. W.





Get a package of any of the standard

dyes and mix it as directed on the pack-

age. Then apply to the hat with a

camel’s hair brush and dry‘in the sun.

Be careful to preserve the shape of the

hat while it is drying.



Household Editor—What color would





you advise me to get in a suit and hat?

What colors are to be stylish?——Mrs. X.

Y. Z.





Blues and grays are to be especially

good this spring. If you can wear gray

there isa shade called dove gray which

is.pretty, but unless you have a. clear

complexion and some color, it is better

not to choose gray. French blue is con-

sidered Very smart. It is apt to fade in

the sun, however. Checks are worn and

tan.





Household Editor:———VVhat is

meat ?—Cook.





Meat cooked in a. closely covered kettle

with diced vegetables and-a very little

stock or water. It must be cooked slowly

and for a long time. Some cooks add a.

little salt pork as well as vegetables.



Household Editor:'—~I saw a reference to

junket in the Michigan Farmer. \Vhat

is junket?—Cook.



To be really accurate, Junket is milk

which has been “clabbered” by the use

of a junket tablet. It is recommended

for persons with weak stomachs.





Household Editorz—How do You Dre-

pare and cook mushrooms?—Beginner.





Trim the end of the stalk which has

been in the earth, and wipe the top care-

fully with a damp cloth to remove all

impurities. If the skin seems tough pull

it off. They'may then be cooked in a

variety of ways. The easiest is to put

a bit of butter in the frying pan, turn in

the mushrooms and cook a. few minutes,

then add enough milk or cream to nearly

cover and simmer 20 minutes. Thicken

the milk with flour and serve as a sauce

with the mushrooms.





Household Editorz—If you could only

have one hat, what would you get?—

Doubtful.





I should get a small, dark hat, close fit-

ting and with nothing about it to attract

notice. A hat with huge flowers or plumes

would call attention to itself and before

the season was over would advertise the

fact that it was all you had. If you are

a young woman get one of‘those small

ones with a narrow brim which droops

just a little and trim it with a pretty

wreath or with a. wide ribbon which

comes around the hat and droops off in

a big bow in the back. If you are mid-

die—aged choose a turban, trimmed with

a. cluster of fruit or flowers and a ribbon

bow, or perhaps a simple feather. The

acme of good dressing is to wear things

which do not attract attention, 'and are

yet in good taste.





Household Editorz—Are the dresses

With a high waist line still worn?——Mabel.





Yes, but the long waisted, Bulgarian ef-

fects are better, or rather, newer.





“braised"





 





 





EDIBLE WEEDS.





BY MARY C. BLUE.





God makes nothing without its use.

Even the despised nettle that so severly

stings us is used as a poultice to blister.



A doctor who makes a well—known

blood purifier tells us that thistle root

is a remedy for kidney diseases.



A popular writer on hygiene states

that the dandelion is worth its weight in

gold in the early spring. We almost call

it a medicinal food, and the roots of the

dandelion when sliced and toasted make

an agreeable addition to coffee. In some

countries dandelion root is roasted and

ground, mixed with barley and sold un-

der the name of “POOr Man’s Coffee.”



Late in the summer when the leaves

become bitter the dandelion may be

served as greens if the water is changed

two or three times while cooking. The

tender leaves of mustard make delicious

greens in early spring. The leaves of

wild m'ustard‘ make an agreeable addition

to salads and sandwiches. They give the





h





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





muStard flavor and are said to be without

the irritating effects of ground mustard.

Lamb’s quarters is another‘ cemmon





weed that is edible. In England this

weed is cultivated in the garden for

greens.





Our commonest weed is purslane and

must be fought with eternal vigilance the

whole summer, but it is very good when

cocked and serVed as greens or made

into salad.



Many women, as a rule, cook greens

with fat pork. but they are much more

healthful when cooked in salt water and

seasoned with cream and butter..



Greens are very nice when chopped fine,

packed in molds and served with French

dressing.





 





HOME-MADE MAKESHIFTS.





 





BY MARY CLAIRK.



No doubt many of the women readers

Would like to have nice carpets, furniture

and other things with which to make their

homes neat and “homey," but, like my-

self, must do without, so perhaps some





of my makeshifts will be of benefit to_





them.



We have moved around a great deal

and haVe found that the less furniture,

fine dishes, and other breakables " we

have, the better off We are when moving.

And as we are not yet permanently set-

tled, are just “getting along” without

such things. But as I have received so

many compliments on my “pretty rooms,”

will tell how I made something out of

nothing. *



For one sitting~room carpet, I first

covered the floor with heavy paper, then

stretched gunnysacks sewed together to

fit the room, and tacked firmly all around

the wall. I next prepared a thick, cook-

ed paSte of flour and water, and spread

w‘hile hot. over gunnysacks. When that

had dried, I applied another coat. filling

all meshes, and after letting it thomughly

dry, gave it a coat of yellow floor paint,





then covered the paint, when dry, with

a coat of oak Stain. This makes a

smooth, durable, brOWn carpet. which is





cleaned in a jiffy by wiping with a. cloth

dampened with kerosene.



Our couch is a home-made frame, over

which I tacked an old canvas hay-filled

tick, covered with a fitted cover of flour

sacks, dyed a dark green. With plenty

of cushions it looks real nice.





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





 





 





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92

pages illustrating over 706 of the season’s

latest styles, and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of 10 cents,





 





 





 





, _ 7§86



No. 7692——Child's cap, 6 months or 1

year and 2 years.



No. 7681—Child’s tucked dress, 1, 2 and

4 years. With or without shirrings at

long waist line. 707 embroidery design.



No. 7695—Girl’s dress, 10 to 14 years.

With three-piece skirt. with round or

square collar, long or elbow sleeves, high

or 10w shield, with or Without lacings.



No. 7686——~B0y’s knickerbocker suit, 2

to 6 years. Vi'ith round or sailor collar.



No. 7697e—Child’s empire dress, 1, 2 and

4 years. 'With high or square neck, long

or short sleeves, with straight lower edge,

adapted to bordered material.



The. above patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

of the _Mlchigan Farmer on receipt of 10

cents for each. ‘





 

 

 

   

 





17 ~577





 





Have your Bedrooms





in White Enamel





A clean white bedroom—enameled woodwork, enamel-ed dresser

and table, enameled chairs, enameled bed with spotlessly white

sheets—this is the ideal furnishing for the bedroom-*an ideal, too,

so easily realized. ‘



Suggest to your boy or girl, fast growing up to the helpful age,

that they can have an enameled bedroom. It is as often lack of

beauty in their surroundings as lack of comfort that makes the

young folk loo'k longingly toward the city. See that they—your-

self and your wife, too—have bedrooms that are inviting in ap-

pearance, not mere places to sleep. If youprefer some color, you can

get it. No matter what color scheme you choose, you will find it in





 





 





 





Paints, Enamels, Stains and Vamishes





They make the work of painting very easy, as they come all prepared for use.

Simple directions for use on every can. For those who appreciate helpful

suggestions along the latest styles in decoration and color schemes, we have

prepared two books which will be helpful. They are





Acme Quality Painting Guide and “Home Decorating”

Etchings in color make these really valuable reference books to have.

They are free. If you do not know who sells Acme Quality near you,

ask us for the information.





ACME WHITE LEADAND COLOR WORKS, Dept. AA, Detroit, Mich.





Boston, Chicago, Hinnnpolil, 8t. Lentil, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Totedo, Nashville, Birmingham,

Fort Worth, Dallas, Topeka. Lincoln, 831th.“ city, Spokane, Tacoma, Portland, San Francisco.

Lol Angela, San Diego.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





{Half the Rubbing, takem

out of. Scrubbing





a , DldDutch

\ Cleanser





M. .,





Jold liult‘l‘fl

( ltanscl‘





 





 

 

 

 

 





. — \ t

”

' ,:.—-—‘ 3‘ a





9-51—-





,0...-
578—18 ' '





 





 





' * l

30% More Mileage





Mileage is the unerring test of

tire quality.





Ajax Tires carry the biggest

mileage guarantee of any stand-

ard tire because Ajax are built

to give maximum service.





Eight years ago we set a mile-

age standard of .5900 miles

guaranteed m wmtmg.





The only way’we could give

300/0 more mileage than other

standard makers was to build

tires that would meet our guar-

antee.‘ So we concentrated on

quality of product rather than

quantity of output. As a result

we hold the trade of thousands

of car owners all over the

country.





H@fl X

TIRES





Guaranteed 5000 Miles





There’s an AJAX Dealer near you. Send

us a postalfor‘ his name and our inter-

esting booklet ‘ Figures That Don'tLic."





AJAX-GRlEB RUBBER C0.

1797 Broadway New York City





Factories: Trenton, N. J.





is yours. no matter what you

are up against. if you own a





Fish Braiid Reflex Slicker





The coat that keeps out

ALL the rain





On every label

we print plainly





(in writing)





(10)





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Satisfaction

Guaranteed

and

we mean it.





$3.00





Everywhere





 





 





 





If not at your



ealeris. sent

prepaid on re-

ceipt of price.

Send iorillustra- -

ted folder de-

scribing thisand

other Fish Brand





garments.





«OWER’S





 





TRADE

XIV"





A. J. TOWER (30..





”SH BENm BOSTON

Tower Canadian Limited, Toronto 213 ii





$190 FOR THIS

= DANDY GATE





These gates are not

a special lot built down

to a low price, but are

full of the same qual-

ity, satisfaction and

durability which can

be obtained in any of our

triple-galvanized. hlgh-





Whales ‘





The filling of this serviceable and ornamental gate is

extra close diamond mesh. Gate has strong frame, pat-

ent latch, etc. Comes in allsizes; plain and fancy tops.

Style E Farm Gate, illustrated below, is another

leader sold at a much lower price than asked for other

gates of its kind. Painted or galvanized. All Sizes.

The best lumber dealer in your town has these

ates on sale. if you don't know his name, write us

or booklet, name of dealer, special prices. etc.

IOWA GATE 00., 57 Clay 8h. Cedar Falls, la.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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1 "u u | ...,..ug.%¥3£:._,....,. ’6i‘."'~"¢.‘ . . .‘ u '

ll. ., .. 4. ~. will;





 





 





 





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Q“IllIll!ll|||IHHIIHHIIIIHI|llIll”!lllllllllHilllIllllll||llllllll|llllllllIlllll|||IllllllllllllllillIllHIIIHLLl—E





Home and Youth;





ind—HIHIIIHHHIIIIHIIIlllllllliillIllll|llllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllll||IIHIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

TH E NEW BATTLE-CRY.





 

   





   





 





BY ALONZO RICE.





On history’s page, the scholar reads

About the famous cries that ring



D0wn the long years. of daring deeds:

Thus, “Liberty or death!" will bring

Triumphant throbs! “Long live the



King!”



We hear the admiring concourse cry;

My rhymes well sterilized I string;



“Kill the mosquito, swat the fly!”





‘The regulars are coming!” Speeds

Brave Paul Revere. Once more we fling



Old Glory out, and hear the steeds

Down Concord streets as lightly spring

The “minute men” while bullets sing



Of death; nor question how or why!

“\Yhen in the course”—that buzzing



wing!



“Kill the mosquito, swat the fly!”



And “Don’t give up the ship!” Who



hecds

Our latter wants? We bravely cling



iVith Lawrence to the flag! \Vho needs

Another call? Once more we sling

Rifle to back and “right about" swing!



And “Millions for defense!” All creeds

Contain no words that may outvie;



\Vould we overt the foe’s fierce sting?

“Kill the mosquito, swat the fly!”



L’ENVOI.



Prints? Countless ones of foreign breeds,

And “bills present,” who may deny?

Though cruShed, another swarm suc-



coeds;

“Kill the mosquito. swat the fly!”





 





RACCOONS A CANNlNG BY-PRODUCT.





BY DlR. L. K. IIIRSIIBERG.





In Maine, growing fat raccoons is a by-

product of raising sweet corn for the

canning factories. Plump and weighty

raccoons are next to the lust crop har-





 





vcstcd from the corn patch. The first is

'1119 roasting ear in the milk; the second,

the glazing kernel for the cannery; the

:lhird. the green cornstalks or stover for

the silo; the fourth, Or next to the last,

consists of a dozen or more raccoons to

may acre of corn. and the last benefit

,comes in winter, when the nutritious en-

jsilage is fed to the hungry cows and con—

;vcrtul into milk. or cream, or high-

:pi'iced dairy butter.



,1 Tho Maine raccoon is a compact and

active bundle of sharp claws and teeth,

or loose fur and diabolical cunning. In

ja fair fight, with no favor shown to

Ecither party, a raccoon will whip and

"send howling home in disgrace any dog

,‘of its weight that lives. ,



i The senson which the Maine farmers

[formerly set apart for hunting raccoons

’was during the full moon of Octlfibci',

partly because the shocked corn in the

field held the sweetest and most nourish-

ing nubbin ears at Iliat period, but large—

ly for the reason that all raccoons be-

come more ravenous at the approach of

biting cold weather, just before the time

comes for them to den up inside of some

hollow tree.



For chasing the coons foxhounds are



by far the best dogs to employ because

their scent is very keen and their stay-

ing power such that they will remain in

the open for nights and days in succes-

sion, barking and biting at the roots of

a two with a raccoon comfortably stowed

jawny among its topmost brunchcs.

‘ In the old days when hardwood timber

was abundant it was the custom to chop

down the tree in which the raccoon was

lodged and enjoy for a few moments the

cruel sport of watching. by lantern light,

while the pat-k of dogs tore their fighting

and struggling victim to shreds. But the

increasing scarcity of hardwood timber,

combined with the growing values of

coon flesh and fur. has caused a change

of tactics in conducting such hunts in

Maine. However large the company of

hunters may be, the number of dogs tak—

en along is limited to two, or three at

the most. Instead of felling the tree. an

active boy is sent aloft with a lantern to

spy out the hiding place of the animal.

“'hen discovered the raccoon is often

dislodged by shooting rookets into its

place of hiding. Often the daring coon

leaps 20 or 30 feet to the ground and gets

away before the dogs can discover its

track. As a rule these dramatic escapes

are no more than temporary respites, for

the coon invariably “trees” again, far-

ther in the forest, when the conflict must

be renewed. .



It is not conSidered sportsmanllke for

a hunter to try to shoot the coon when

it is hiding in a tree top, though the

difficulty 'of aiming in the uncertain

light no doubt affords the best protection

the coons could demand. It is even a

worse offense against hunting ethics to

climb a tree by lantern light and slay a





 





 





THE" Mic H IVGA‘N‘ FA R‘M ER:





coon with a, elOSe-range shot from a re-

volver. -

The most desirable specimens are the

large and weighty old ones, too old to

take to the trees, but which turn and

fight the dogs as they come along in suc-

cession, the swifteSt dogsgettlng killed

or disabled first. ' '





The average Maine raccoon, when'fat





and not aged, weighs from'20 to '30

pounds. The coveted fighters which are

too old and fat to climb trees weigh, at

times, 40 and even 55 and 60 pounds.

Though the outlay required in dog‘ flesh

and human endurance is enormous, the

hunting party which captures one of

these fighters has something to boast

about.





 





LITTLE HOLLANDERS.





 





BY MRS. JEFF DAVIS.





Uncle David had spent two years in

Holland, and James and Roland never

tired of hearing about the little Hol-

landers.



“If you were to go to Holland,” said

Uncle David, “you .would notice many odd

and curious things, and after a while you

would begin to wonder if there were no

little boys in that country.”



“Why,” asked Roland, “aren’t the

children allowed to go about, as we do

here?”



“Oh, yes,” Uncle David replied, “there

are little children in plenty, but appar-

ently they are all girls. They are dress-

ed exactly like their tall mothers, in many





~long pelticoats, and look more like little





pin-cushion dolls than children,”



“But what becomes~of the boys?” in-

sisted James.



“That is what I wondered, at first.”

said Ifncle David, “but I soon learned

that in Holland the boys and girls are

dressed exactly alike until the boys are

seven years old.”



“W'hat a funny custom!" said James.



“Fancy Roland here having 'to wear

three. four, or, on Sundays, five long pet—

ticoats under a. very wide skirt of abi'il-

liant color, and over the skirt a bright-

colorcd apron, pieced at the top with still

another color. And lL tight little waist

of gaii'ly flowered stuff, with a handker-

chief arouiid his neck,” Uncle David con-

tinned.



“I wouldn't wear such funny clothes!”

Roland declared.



“That is not all,” Uncle David replied.

“The head-dress is still funnier. First

the hair is all shaved off except two long,

curled tresses just above the ears, and

a heavy hang over the forehead. On this

they put a sort of glue, that makes it

stiff, and Straight, so that it looks like

a piece of board. Then over that a snug-

litling white cap, and over that another

one of different shape, gay with all the

colors of the rainbow. On the buck 0f





the boys' cups are little discs of black'





cloth, the size of a fifty-cent piece. This

is on the girls’ caps also, but is entirely

covered with embroidery. This is the

only difference made in the dress of a.

boy and girl, until after the boy’s sev-

enth birthday.”



“I just know the boys in Holland are

glad when they are seven years Ol(,” said

James.



“I believe they are,” Uncle David

agreed. “Then they put on the queer,

wide trousers just like the ones the men

wear, cut off the two long curls, and

don’t bother with a but at all.”



“An easy job will suit me, Senator."



“How about winding the clocks every

week?"



“I might make that do. But what’s the

matter with my tearing the leaves off the

calendar every month?"



Mack—“Do fiSh make brains?” Denby

—“Can‘t say, but I know they make

liars.”





 





 





BOOK NOTICES.





James Barn Magazine, published by the

James Mfg. 00., (formerly Kent Mfg.

(30.), of 633 Cane street, Fort Atkinson,

VVis., illustrates and describes many dairy

barns in which the James equipment is

installed. It also contains considerable

matter of general interest and Value to

dairymen, and in fact, all stock owners.

\Vrite for a, copy of this magazine, men-

tioning the Michigan Farmer.



High School Geography—Physical, Eco-

nomic and Regional. ,By Charles Red-

way Dryer, F.G.S.A., F.R.G.S., Professor

of Geography and Geology, State Normal

School, Terre Haute, Ind. This textbook

is an effort to afford a clear idea of the

relation between the earth and man,

showing both the dependence of human

life upon natural conditions, and the in-

fluence of those conditions is turn upon

human life. Half leather, Bvo, 536 pages,

illustrated. Price, $1.30. American Book

Company, Chicago.





 





 





 





 





 





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-- Buildings



under .

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Roofs that are fire-proof, lightning-

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Steel Shingles“





"We Pay the Freight"



They make the most economical

roof you can buy. Easier and quicker

to lay than wood shingles, cost no

more, last longer, always look bet-

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Do not rot, curl, buckle, crack, drop

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Lock joint is absolutely water—

tight, and allows for expansion; nail

heads are protected from the weather.



Our galvanized shingles are not

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Every shingle is absolutely guaran-

teed to be equal to sample. There is

no better roofing nor siding for any

building.



Kanneberg Steel Shingles come

singly, eight to a sheet, or in clusters

on one sheet 5 ft. x 2 ft. Special

nails sent free.





Send for Catalog





showing designs. sizes and styles. Ask for sauic

ple shingles and get our rock-bottom prices on

them and on corrugated roofing and siding. 0’

Give size of roof; this may lower cost. I

We sell direct and save you middle— 0

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received and we pay freight. O “mom 0.

KANNEBERC rooms a. .0 58"" ““19“

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Valuable information on Ceiling. Siding & Roofing

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hat's the only kin: of once it



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EMPIRE FENCE --'



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New

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saves high lifting, lighten

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Write for free book on Wagons and Wheels.

Electric Wheel 00.. 35 Elm street. Quincy. Ell.





[ll] YOU NEED FARM HELP?





We have on our listanumber of men wishing to

obtain employment ,on farms. Many 0 them are

without experience, but they are able-bodied and

Willing to work. If you can make use of such help

writepr an order blank. 6 are a philanthropic

organization whose obJect is to assist and encourage

the Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis-

smn to employer or em loyee. Address,

axgiisntgrntfigclangfdos Tiler, Jewlfvh Agricultural



us a oce y o ew York 704

w. 12th. Street, Chicago, Ill. '





nAiNi-Ii-ligd FORbUt S. ARMYFfiblehbcégied, un-

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‘ character and temperate

habits. who can speak. re and write the English

language. For information apply to Recruiting

Officer 212 Griswold Street, Detroit, Mich. Heaven-

rich B ook. 8a inaw. Mich.. lot and Saginaw Streets,

Flint, Mich. l 4 West Main Street. Jackson. Michu

Huron l Quay Streets. Port Huron,‘ Michigan.





YollNG MAN would you acce t and wear a fine



tailor made out. Just for showing it

to your friends? Or a fill -on Raincoat Free? Could

you use 85 a day for a litt 0 Spare time? Perhaps we

can 0301' you a steady job? rite atonoe and et

beautiful sampl . at les and'this wonderful 0 er.

BANNER TAI B NG C0.. Dept. 321. Chicago.





 





 





 





' > EBNMENTEPositions are ORSV to t My free

bookletxm 118 how. ,w‘it ' ' —

30v EARL noisxms. Wrights-9&3? .%.W'





don’t loosen—wheels don't dry out or rot. '
, >MAY ~10; 1913.





 





‘ THE, ‘MICHI





GAN- FARMER





19—579





 





 





EllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg

Grange... :





Elli|lllllllllillIllllllllllllllllllIlllfllfllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllla





Our Motto—W'l‘ho farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improvod."





THE MAY PROGRAMS.





 





Suggestlono for SecOnd Meeting.



A story, read or tol‘d.



Improved Methods of delivering milk,

by a. man and woman.



Character song.



Work of the Travelers’ Aid Society and

similar organizations for assisting strang-

ers, a paper.



Ought We to use lime on our soils? If

so, how much? Where get it? Answered

by three men.



Humorous recitation.





Roll call responded to by each giving:





experience with an unpleasant piece of





work. ‘

Self-Serve refreshments in charge of





men named S———-—.





 





EXTENMN'G GRANGE USEFUL-

MESS—ll.





 





In a former issue I referred to the fact

that in every neighborhood live men and

women who have been peculiarly unfor-

tunate, or who, for one cause or another,

fail to bring things to pass in their farm

operations. There are, besides these, oth-

ers whose mental movements are slug-

gish; and still others who lack conven-

iences in their houses and barns that

they might have if they were shown spe-

cifically how to get them there; and still

others who, although capable and alert

in their own affairs, have as yet felt -no

“call” to unite with their neighbors for

the good of all. The re-statement of this

obvious fact. raises the question, “Ought

not a Grange to seek definitely to reach

theSe people?" In other words. is it not

true in many cases that our Granges have

reached, with their influence, principally

those who least needed help and but com-

paratively few of those who would not

have come of their own accord?



How frequently Granges are found do-

ing really fine work with a membership of

30, 50, or 75 persons I recall many such.

The question is, have these Granges ren-

dered their full service, either to them-

selves or to their communities?



In January the lecturer of one such

Grange wrote me: “As I am to fill this

office this year, I want to try to make it

so good that everyone in our vicinity will

hear of our programs and want to join

our Grange.” Notice that she says “ev-

eryone." This is not too high an aim in

many a country community; but, al-

though the programs may be excellent,

still more definite plans must be laid to

accomplish that aim. .



Let us aSSume ,that this lecturer does

provide attractive and helpful programs

as she hoped to do. In addition, she ad-

vertises these programs in advance and.

when each has been presented, sees that

it is concisely reported for the local paper

in a way that gives the gist of real infor-

mation brought out under the main topics

discussed. All this is fine. A few mem-

bers are attracted and knock for admis-

sion at the Grange door. Very good. in-

deed. Progress is being made.



But here, on the way to this Grange,

is a man who rents a farm. He works

hard, very hard. His schooling has been

limited but he is working out as best he

can the scraps of scientific agricultural

help that come his way. He buys ex—

pensively because he buys alone and in

small lots. His wife works equally hard





’ and the babies help as soon as they can





toddle. It is uphill, but they are all

climbing. Two things strike us, now we

stop to think of them. One is, what if

they lose heart or fall down? The other

is, what about themselves, while they

work so hard in their fields and for their

COWS and DigS? "



The strong, kindly hand of organized

neighbors would mean much to such peo-

ple while they are getting their start.

They do not venture to ask for member-

ship in the organization. They cannot

always attend if they do join; but what

will it not mean to be invited and urged

until they become members! What a

help the Grange might be to these peo-

ple in times of sickness, or discourage-

ment, or mistakes with crops, calves or

children! (Sometimes, most of all we

need sympathy and a. “lift” from an out-

side source because of our mistakes)! '





Suppose, again, that someone in each

Grange should, prepare a. large, reugh

map of its Grange jurisdiction and locate

upon this map its actual members and the

non-members- ‘Ianearly every instance

enougu‘rglieible;material W9¥l¢_..be' dist-0W.





 





ered to fill the vacant chairs. or to make

another Grange. '



Suppose-dust once.’more-—t-hat a. list of

the; people who are not members should

next be prepared from this map, and that

six members agree to invite the first five

persons upon that list to become mem—

bers of their Grange, each one offering to

present their applications; and that the

next five names be assigned to six other

members, and so on to the end of the

list. .If this is done in your Grange, heart-

ily and sincerely, do not wonder if it

grows in numbers and multiplies in in-

fluence many fold.



“There’s a reason!"



JENNTE’ Bonn.





 





Gardening and Bean Growing were dis-

cussed at the last meeing of Sumner

Grange, of Gratiot county. it being gen-

erally agreed that it does not pay to

plant the garden until the ground is

warm enough to start the plants quickly.

Early plowing, liberal fertilizing and

planting garden crops in rows far enough

apart to make possible the use of a one-

horse cultivator were some of the ideas

advanced. The bean discussion was a

spirited one and details of raising them

were gone into at some length. There

seemed to be much difference of opinion

as to the number that should be planted

to the hill when check rowed and the

distance apart; some thought they ob-

tained better results when only three or

four beans were planted in the hill and

others thought from seven to nine the

proper number.





El“lllllllllllll“lIll“lllllllll[HillllIlllllllllllHlHlHllllllllllIIIHIIlllIIHIIIHIHHHIHHIHHlllllHHllHfil





. 9

Farmers Clubs

EHIIHIHHIINIIllllllllll”NIHIllHllllllIlllllllllHIll|||Ill”llllllllllllllllllIll]!HHIIlllllllllllllllllllllll





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





_l





Illlllllllllllllllllllllllll





E





President—Jae. N. McBride, Burton.

Vice-President—C. B. Scully, Almont.





Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. C. P. John-

son, Metamora.

Directors—~C. P. Johnson, Metamora;





H. \V’. Chamberlain, White Lake; Wm.

’l‘. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spaulding,

Bedding; R. J. Robb, Mason; J. . Re-

main. Flint.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





Associational Motto:

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer's most valuable asset.





 





Associatlonal Sentiment:

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





 





INTERESTING THE YOUNG PEOPLE

IN CLUB WORK.



A very noticeable feature of the con-

ference of local Club Workers, which is

held each year as a part of the program

of the State Assoeiation of Farmers’

Clubs, is the close connection which

seems to follow between the interest ex-

hibited by the young people in Club work

and the success of the Club as an or-

ganization through a series of years. In

every case where mention has been made

that the young people are interested in

the Club it is also stated that the Club

is in a very prosperous condition on this

account, and whenever a delegate at this

conference speaks of a waning interest in

the organization, in the same connection

mention is apt to be made Of the fact

that the young people are not as inter-

esed in the work as they should be.



If this, then, is the key to success in

a large way for the Farmers’ Clubs, some

means should be devised in every Club to

maintain the interest of the young peo-

ple in the work. How this can best be

done will depend not a little upon local

conditions, but there are numerous ways

in which it can be brought about. In

some communities a Junior Club is or-

ganized in connection with the regular

organization and through this medium

the yOung people are interested in the

work of the parent organization, and in

other sections corn contests or some sim-

ilarly interesting work which will inter-

est the young people in the Club and at

the same time provide them with an in-

centive to study the underlying principles

of agriculture and thus better appreciate

the opportunities which it affords them as

,a life vocation.



There are, in fact, innumerable ways in

which the young people can be interested

in the work of Farmers' Clubs, and since

only by interesting them can the per-

petuity of the organization be assured

and its meetings be made of greatest

profit and enjoyment.- to the older mem-

bers, no effort should be spared to this

end in any Farmers Club in Michigan.



In order to stimulate this work of in-

teresting the young people in Club affairs.

We ‘should be glad to have the corres-





 





 





 





ponding secretary of any Club which has

been successful in this direction describe

the methods followed, for publication in

this department.





 





WHAT THE LOCAL CLUBS ARE

DOING.





 





Berlin and Almont Club, of Lapeer

County.——This Club holds ten meetings

during the year. Special features are a

Children’s Day and a Women’s Meeting.

Yearly programs are used, the disoussions

being kept up-to-date by a current

events number on each program. The

Club is a great success, with an average

attendance of 125 to 150. Meetings are

held at the homes of the members. A

special feature during the past year was

the introduction of lectures by speakers

furnished by the University of Michigan

at Ann Aarbor.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS





Busy Time Makes Small Meeting.-——Ow-

ing to the unusual stress of farm work

the Hadley and Elba Farmers' Club meet-

ing, held April 17, at Twin Maples, the

new home of Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Pierson,

failed in its usual large attendance. The

roll call received a hearty response in

numerous witty Irish sayings. Prayer by

Rev. Eberhardt was followed by a dis—

cussion on planting and pruning fruit

trees, by C. P, Johnson and A. M. Bul-

lock. A humorous recitation by Norma

Riley received hearty applause. A long

and spirited discussion followed a short

talk on The Automobile vs. the Family

Horse, by Mrs. C. P. Johnson, and the

meeting adjourned to meet with Mr. and

Mrs. Charles Riley. at Homestead Dairy

Farm, May 15.—Mrs. C. P. Johnson, See.



A Big Afternoon Session.-—The Assyria

Farmers’ Club met at the pleasant farm

home of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Tuckerman,

Saturday, April 26. No forenoon session

was held and a most excellent dinner was

served to about 75. President Hartom

called to order at two o'clock. Club song

was followed by devotionals, the chaplain

reading the First Psalm. Roll call found

all officers present except chorister. The

first number on the program was a piano

duet by inez McIntyre and Lyle Tusker.

It was greatly enjoyed and they respond-

ed to the hearty applause with a second

number. “Making the best of our sur-

roundings" was a reading given by Mrs.

Emma Hill. Doing for loved ones and

making home and home folks happy

Should not seem like manual labor and

the true home maker is the most unsel-

fish person in the world and one who

makes the most of everything. The de-

bate, “Resolved, that the American In-

dian has been more ill treated than the

Negro," was defended by Loyd Tasker.

Eva Kent and Ruth Cargo and the nega-

tive was led by Dick Kent, followed by

Ilza McIntyre and Thera Back. The pro—

gram committee appointed Mrs. Charles

Cox, IVm. Jones and Mrs. Henry Stevens

as judges. Strong arguments were put

up on both sides but the judges gave the

decision in favor of the affirmative. Club

sang “Mount Vernon Bells" and “Red,

\Vhite and Blue.” and one of the most

interesting Club meetings of the year

adjourned to meet with Mr. and Mrs. Roy

Moore the fourth Saturday in May.



Discuss Road System.—At a recent

meeting of the Conway-Handy Farmers’

Club. of Livingston county, the question

for discussion was: “Is the present road

system a success and if not. how can it

be improved?" Fred Rathbun said, the

road question is one of primary import-

ance; all agree that the present road sys-

tem is too expensive. A question wheth-

er advisable to issue bonds or not. Dis-

cussion of roads are not made specific

enough. The miles 'of state road are

a great improvement over old roads;

larger loads can be drawn, time is saved

and they are easier on teams and wagons.

Better roads help to develop free rural

system, parcel post, uSe of motor trucks,

etc. Old dirt roads might be greatly im-

proved if individuals were responsible for

dragging and filling up holes after a

storm. Gravel roads seem to be best for

our community. Macadam and concrete

roads neceSsitate the use of very expen-

sive machinery and large amounts of

water which would not be accessible, and

large expense for raw material. Gravel

roads are solely labOr roads. Distance to

carry gravel is an objection but owners

of gravel can be forced to sell it to the

county road system, which seems to be

the only logical way of solving the prob-

lem, under which system a commission of

three members have general supervision

of the roads of the county.



County Road System Favored.—The

discussion was led by S. R. Rickett. He

did not consider the present road system

an entire success. Did not oppose the

miles of state roads but would not build

at the sacrifice of the roads. While some

roads are better. the roads as a whole are

worse than before. Favored the idea of

every man taking some personal respon—

sibility in keeping up roads in his own

locality. Had come to the idea that the

county system is the solution of the

problem. A general discuSSion followed,

in which H. C. Benjamin, L. C. Kanouse.

O. E. Carr, A. Grant, J. Snyder and J.

B. Fuller took part. All seemed agreed

that present road system was not meet-

ing the needs of the most people; what

the county system or some uniform sys-

tem would be an improvement over the

present system. Mr. Snyder was in fav-

or of more thorough and systematic

drainage. J. B. Fuller advanced the» ad-

visability of a change in the method of

taxation. Let those benefited by state

road be taken according to benefit, as in





«county ditch, etc.





 





 





 





 





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H. C. PHELPS, President





OHIO CARRIAGE MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Station 32 ICQLUMBUS, OHIO