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TheIOnly Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live .Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





VOL. CXL. No. 20. 2

Whole Number 3643.





proper up-keep of the farm home



and equipment which is more often

or generally negelcted by the average

farmer than is that of painting. At the

same time there'is probably no section

of the country in which the farm build—

ings on the average farm are kept up as

Well as they are in Michigan, and particu-

larly in the older agricultural counties of

the state. Yet often this needed work of





THERE is perhaps no. item in the





painting is too long delayed upon farm-





buildings and there is no year, and

scarcely a. month in any year, when there

is not some little job of painting that

shOuld be attended to upon the farm,

either on the exterior or interior of the

buildings or the farm tools or equipment.

It would be profitable to give this matter

more consideration upon the average

farm, not only from the standpoint of im-

proved appearance but as well because

of the more lasting and satisfactory ser-

vice which will be gotten from both

buildings and equipment if kept properly

painted; for, while a profitable degree of

satisfaction will result from the use of

paint for decorative purposes, the great

object in the use of paint is as a preser-

vative covering for the surface painted.

To secure the greateSt degree of bene-

fit in this direction, and also from a dec-

orative standpoint, it is

good paint be used and that it be prop-

erly applied. lience the first considera-





‘tion in preparing for this work is the





kind of paint secured. This should, in

the writer’s opinion, depend largely upon

who is applying it. If an experienced

painter is employed it will be the best

policy to let him look over the job and

then take his advice as to the kind of

paint to be purchased and whether ready

mixed or in the form of the necessary

ingredients.



Where the work is to be done by home

labor, however, the case is somewhat dif-

ferent and for seVeral reasons. A man

who is inexperienced in the work of

painting will not know just the proper

ingredients and proportions of each to

use in mixing the paint for any particu—

lar job. Then considerable time is re-

quired to get the paint properly mixed

and unless enough is mixed at one time

to do the whole job the inexperienced

man will not get two batches of exactly

the same consistency. “'hcn these fac-

tors are considered, as well as the waste

of ingredients which may be left over. it

will be more profitable for the man who

is to do his own painting or haVe it done

by inexperienced help, to purchase a good

quality‘ of ready mixed paint adapted to

the particular use for which the paint is

needed. If purchased from a reliable

manufacturer or dealer of known reputa-

tion, who advertises his goods in reliable

mediums, one will be certain in this way

toget good material properly compounded

at practically the same cost as the in-

gredients required for home mixing.



The paint can be purchased in quan-

tity to suit the immediate demands, and

for ordinary home use in the doing of

small jobs of painting the ready mixed

paint will be most satisfactory. Care

should be taken when purchasing to ex-

plain just what the paint is intended for

in order to get a paint especially adapted

to the purpose. Also a good quality of

paint should be purchased as this is the

cheapest in the long run. The cost of

the paint is a much smaller factor in the

cost of painting than the cost of the la-

bor to apply it and it requires just as

much labor to apply a poor paint as a

good paint.



Where the ingredients are purchased

for the home mixing of the' paint, just

as great care should be taken to get ma-

terials of the first quality. In the mixing

of paints there. are tw0 elements to be

considered; the pigment used and the ve-





 





   





essential that'





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY,





MAY 17, 1913.





Painting on-T he Farm.





hicle for carrying it. The pigment used

in white paint and paint of the lighter

shades, is relatively expensive because of

the few really good substances available

for this use; the base used in the com-

pounding of a good white paint, or a

paint of light shade, is ordinarily a pig-

ment of white lead. Zinc white and oth-

er pigments are sometimes added. ac-

cording to the work to be done. In some

colored paints cheap pigments may be

used with satisfactory results.



But. for all paints a good quality of

linseed oil is the most desirable vehicle





linseed oil and from five to 10 per cent

of a good drier. These ingredients will

weigh about seven and three-quarters

pounds per gallon. About six and one-

quarter pounds of the vehicle and 15

pounds of pigment is required to make a

gallon of good paint. \X‘hen white lead is

used alone and mixed by an inexperienced

painter it will often “chalk off,” while the

zinc pigment will crack and peel, but

where the paint contains both these pig-

ments as well as a small quantity of so-

called inert pigments it will produce a

more serviceable paint than either one





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





for carrying the pigment, to which is ad-

ded varying proportions of driers, depend-

ing upon the character of the work to be

done. Both pigments and oil may be of

low quality or adulterated, but it is the

part of wisdom to get a good brand of

white lead and pure linseed oil. Even

pure linseed oil becomes “fat,” as its de-

te'riorated condition is technically termed,

when it has been kept in stock for some

time instead of being sold out while in a.

comparatively fresh condition.



Paints of the best quality contain a.

Vehicle consisting of 90 to 95 per cent of





 





alone, and it is for this reason that the

manufacturers of prepared paint who

have been experimenting for many years

are able to turn out a; product which is

guaranteed to give satisfaction or which

is backed up by the reputation of respon-

sible or reputable manufacturers at ap-

proximately the same price which the in-

gredients of a good quality of home mix-

ed paint would cost.



But there are other factors quite as

important as the paint itself. It is es-

sential that the paint be applied with a.

good brush; It is impossible to do a. sat-





“quality of oil. The bright red

'such as are used on implements, are lead





50 CENTS A YEAR.

52 FOR 5 YEARS.





isfactory job of painting with a. poor

brush. For the inexperienced painter the

most generally useful brush will be a.

round one with about six-inch bristles,

or an oval brush of similar length. These

bristles are too long for proper working

and from one to one and one—half inches

next the handle or binding should be

wound with cord to form what is termed

a “bridle," and as the brush is worn

down from use this can be removed, thus

lengthening the service of the brush.

Many painters prefer a broad, flat brush

because the paint can be applied more

rapidly, but inexperienced painters will

not get the paint as evenly spread or as

well brushed in with this kind of a.

brush.



There should also be a suitable scraper

for scraping flaky paint from the surface

to be painted, and a. stiff brush to re-

move the dirt a‘nd dust, a well cleaned

surface being a most important factor in

a good job of painting. In order to do a.

good job of painting a brush must be in

proper condition. A brush can be kept

over night by putting same in water,

but if not used for several days it should

be washed out, preferably with turpen-

tine. However, it can be fairly well, and





much more cheaply, washed out with

kerosene, then afterward washed with

soap and warm water, after which it





should be thoroughly shaken out and hung

up to dry, then wrapped up to protect it

from dust before being laid away for

future use.



The surface to be painted should be

properly prepared. All knots in new wood

surfaces should be coated with shellac to

prevent the pitch in the wood from de~

stroying the paint. New surfaces should

be primed over with a thin mixture of

paint. A paint of ordinary consistency

to which is added an equal volume of raw

linseed oil will furnish good priming ma-

terial. After the priming coat. is applied

all nail holes and other rough surfaces

should be puttied in order that the fin-

ished job in be smooth. All surfaces

to be painted should be, perfectly dry, as

the presence of moisture underneath the

film of paint will cause serious trouble.

Many painters use more drier than is ad-

visable in order that they may put on a.

Second coat quickly. It is preferable,

however, to let at least a week elapse be-

tween coats. On new work three coats

will be rcquil'ed for a first-class job, but

on buildings which are kept well paint-

ed 0110 coat applied at a time at reason-

ably frequent intervals is suilicicnt.



lied paints such as are used 0n barns

are made of a cheap pigment and a good

paints,





paints. however, but where the user does

not care to bother with mixing the in-

gredients the manufactured ready mixed

paints are available for practically every

use, and if purchased with a View to

their adaptation to the particular use for

which they are intended they will give a.

good degree of satisfaction.



These are the essential factors to be

considered in planning and doing the

needed painting on the farm. Those who

become interested in the work and de-

sire more detailed information, including

interior painting, the use of calcimines,

etc., can obtain same from U. S. Bulletin

No. 474.



__

ECONOMICAL LEVELING -OF HIGH-

WAYS IN SPRING.





 





The accompanying illustrations show

a very efficient method of straightening

up the highways after the winter travel

in muddy conditions has cut up the roads

and left them badly rutted. Tire work

was done by Bert Miller, Commissioner,

of Highway of Ganges township. Farm-

ers were busy with their-teams and ,it'
“it H Ram‘s-ell!





 





 

 





I.





, ML? '

. Iln u “ u... an I'u :I I" u,

«





This can contains the





 

 





hendiest effective insecti-





 

 





cide you can buy. To use





 

 





it you simply empty a pint





 

 





can into 100 gallons of





 

 





Bordeaux mixture or





 

 





i





   





.9 We





freshly slaked lime water.

~ . . ‘9)

SE? _





$1513 1





remains long in suspension—be-

cause it is the lightest insecticide

ever manufactured. It at i 0 fr 5

well. even through a heavy ra n.

Arsite is quick death to otato

bugs and a l other leaf-eat. ng in-

sects. _It can not burn foliage be-

cause it. contains no free arsenic.

Arsite keeps indefinitely.



Herrmann’s Arsite is put up in

650 pint and 35a half-pint cans.

and Herr-menu's Oslite in 300 pint

and 500 uart cans. If your dealer

hasn't 1; ese insecticides. we can

supply you direct.





Semi/"or All Information about Ar-

.ute and Cairn—afar»: to out without

Earle“: ”freshly staked lime.





The Herrmanu Laboratories

For Insecticides sud Fungicides





MORRIS “REMARK & COMPANY

33 Fifth Avenue Building, Newton

Sole Manufacturers of Herrmann's

Iii-Grade Pure Paris Green





 

 

   

 





i

i

!





 

 





 





 

 

   

   

   

   





 





HEN you buy





Paris Green, you

want to be sure that it

will do what you buy it

for—kill potato bugs and

other pests of their kind.



Devoe 8r. Raynolds Co.’s

Pure Paris Green is made for

bug-slaughter; nothing else

—-nothing less. We guar—

anty its purity and strength.





Devoe sprays for fruit trees

—Arsenate of Lead, Lime

and Sulphur Solution help to

make better fruit and more

of it. No better investment.





Of dealers everywhere. If yours

does not sell Devoe, better write us.





Devoe 8c Raynolds Co.

171 West Randolph St.



Chicago



New York Kansas City





l Largest makers of pure paints

Pump Grind Sew





HAD! FOR HARD Us!





 





CATALOGUES FREE

mans wxxran

Perk-hr Wind Mill &

Elise Co. “.1860

135 was sr.





league. as.

mau.r.'w«,omuu,uiel., i°,{.i“?.“.l:§





   





 





 





 





climbs-impact: heyuuistock rack medals. soil will give up about a certain





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





was impossible to get horses to do the

work at the time when it could be done

most advantageously, so a gasoline trac-

tor was employed for the purpose. It is

a 30-horsepower machine and cost $10 per

day, including gasoline and a man to

operate it. Two road graders were at-

tached to the tractor direct, one drawing

the earth up from each side of the road.

Two King road drags were attached be-

hind the graders to level off the dirt in

the center, and these were followed by

a heavy land roller. Two men, besides

the one operating the tractor, one on

each grader, were all the help required in

running the entire outfit, where straight

leveling was done; but where grading

was undertaken another man with a.

team was needed to assist in turning at

the ends of the turnpike. The tractor

easily handled all of these tools and did

full more work than the several machines

would have done with horses. Three

heavy teams of horses would hardly have

cut as heavy a slice with the. grader as

was raved with the tractor. Working

with horses it would have required at

least 18 horses and 11 men to have drawn

the machines that the grader handled, al-

though perhaps the horses might have

covered a. little more ground. In going

straight along the tractor drew the ma-

chines from eight to 10 miles in a day.

supposedly of 10 hours. The expense for

leveling off the Surface of the roads

should not have exceeded $15 per day, not

allowing for use or wear of graders, or

not far from $1.50 per mile. Considering

the condition these roads were in when

dry weather came on this was certainly

a most reasonable expense.

fit would perhaps not. be very practicable

for turnpiking short stretches of roads,

as too much time would be consumed in

turning the separate machines at the

ends, but for long strips it would doubt-

less be economical.





Allegan Co. EDWARD Hurcnms.





 





PLANTING THE CORN.





 





After having the soil in a good condi-

tion and the seed ready to place in the

corn planter, the next problem is to de-

termine how thick in the row or how

many grains per hill should be dropped.

It is a. common practice to plant just a

few more grains than it is desired should

grow in order to allow for some failing

to germinate. This practice I consider

a poor one, especially in hill dropping, for

in every case if this theory is carried

out at least one more grain per hill must

be drOpped. If the seed bed is in the

best of condition and seed of good

vitality is used then all the seeds plant-

ed in a hill will germinate. If a hill

happens to fall in a dry, cloddy place

then there is not much chance of any of

the grains germinating. I have always

observed on the home farm and on the

neighbors’ farms that the person who

gets his seed bed in the proper condition

and then plants the right amount of seed,

will get the best results, provided other

factors are not overlooked.



But, just what is the proper amount

of seed to plant? This varies greatly

with the fertility of the soil. Two, or

more often, three, grains per hill is the

common number used, regardless of soil

and moisture conditions. If you have a

piece of bottom land Or hill land where

moisture is always plentiful and a yield

of 60 to 80 bushels per acre may be ex-

pected then, by all means plant three

grains per hill. On slightly poorer land

two seeds to the hill are sufficient. Where

the soil is poor in fertility and inclined

to dry out rapidly at single stalk per hill

may give the largest yield of grain if not

the most feed per acre.



To be convinced that this is true it is

only necessary to study a detailed report

of some corn experiment where the num-

ber of stalks and yield per bill are giv-

en. Simply average up the yields per

hill with a certain number of grains and

you will see the results. It is very com-

mon for the average yields of the hills

with two stalks to be greater than that

for three, while the one stalk often pro-

duces nearly as much as two. usually

about three-fourths as much.



In order that an ear of porn may be

produced it is first necessary to have a

stalk, the grain being formed last. If the

young corn plant is crowded it is evident

that about all it will do is to grow into

a stalk. whereas, if a less umber of

plants were in the hill the fertility and

moisture required to produce the extra

stalks would go to make the one or two

stalks larger and the extra plant food

would form a heavier ear of corn. In

other words, under the same conditions





Such an out-_





planter.





amount of plant food and whether this

food goes "to form forage or grain lies

almost wholly with the system of farming

used. , _



The moisture supply also plays an im-

portant part in determining how thick to

plant the corn, that is, where there is

any possibility of its being deficient at

any time during the season. This is a

factor that seems to be overlooked to a

greater extent than even fertility.

Farmers as a. class do not seem to un-

derstand the wet and dry soil conditions

as well as they do the rich and poor. The

propositions are exactly identical. Just

as a soil. gives up so much plant food so

is it capable of giving up just a certain

amount of moisture. Considering that a

dust mulch is maintained then the chief

source of loss of water from a soil dur-

ing a. hot summer day is by way of the

leaves of the plants. If t‘here are three

stalks of corn to the hill rather than two

then the loss of water from an acre is

very Imuch greater. Where drouth pe-

riods are common or where ‘the soil loses

water rapidly it is certainly necessary to

plant less corn per acre. A field of corn

may appear too thin for the average year

but if the season happens to be a dry

one I have often noticed that the yield

is greater than on an adjoining field

where the stalks are much thicker.



In conclusion, I would say, first prepare

the seed bed well and obtain the best of

seed, but at the same time take into con-

sideration that the yield you may expect

is directly dependent upon the number

of plants per acre. In determinlng this

you must know'your soil both as regards

fertility and capability of retaining mois-

ture.





Indiana. 0. M. HAYES.





 





 





FARM NOTES.

Land Plaster for Beans and Corn.





I would like to know what you think

of sowing land plaster with beans. with

fertilizer drill. What effect would it have

on beans? Do you think it would give

them a better start or give a better

crop? How would it be to drop plaster

on hills of corn before corn is up?



Montcalm Co. E. H.



Land plaster is not a fertilizer in the





sense that it contains any available plant

food. When' the soil was comparatively

new farmers very generally practiced

sowing small amounts of plaster, par-

ticularly on clover seedings, with the re-

sult that it tended to release some of the

unavailable plant food contained. in the soil

and converted it into an available form,

especially potash, which had a beneficial

effect upon some crops, notably upon clo-

ver. which is a liberal feeder on this ele-

ment of plant food. As the soils became

older and their store of available plant

food smaller, however, plaster failed to

produce .the effect above noted and its

use has been practically discontinued.

For the reasons above noted it would not,

in the writer’s opinion, be profitable to

use it either on beans or corn, as sug-

gested in this inquiry.



Concrete as a Material for Granary Floor.





I am building a granary; would like to

put a concrete floor in it. What is your

opinion in regard to the grain spoiling on

the cement fioor?



'Gladwln CO. J. E. W.





This is a question which has been dis-

cussed at some length through the col-

umns of the Michigan Farmer in former

years. The consensus of opinion of those

who have used concrete as a material for

granary floors is that if properly laid on

a well drained foundation and not used

until thoroughly dry there is no danger

of grain spoiling from moisture absorbed

through the floor. In fact, entire eleva-

tors are now manufactured of concrete

and givo entire satisfaction in use. The

floor should be raised some distance

above the ground level and preferably

laid on a foundation of coarse gravel or

Cinders, while the soil about the founda-

tion wall should be tile drained if not

naturally well drained. If this method

of construction is followed and the con-

crete is allowed to become firmly set and

well dried before using we do not believe

any damage Would result to grain stored

in same from this cause.





Planting Treated Seed Corn.



After seed corn istreated and limed to

protect it from predatory birds and ani-

mals can it be successfully planted with

a corn planter? I have never planted it

except with a hoe but think it could be

planted with a hand-planter-



Van Buren CO. 0. C.



There is no doubt that seed corn so

treated would not work as satisfactorily

in a corn planter as in its natural condi-

tion. We have had no experience with

attempting to plant same through acorn

Perhaps some, Michigan Farmer

reader can give personal experience upOn

this point.





~ MAY 17, on.»





MILLET ON LOW LAND 'F’OLLOWED'

BY CLOVER.





 





Three years ago I bought a. 30-3Cre

field about twa miles from our home

farm, of rather low land. We fitted jix

acres for wheat. The wheat did not

show up very good so we plowed it- under

in the spring of 1912 and planted corn.

Last summer was very wet and the corn

only yielded some fodder. The land is

very hard to keep clean, the wild grass-

es keep coming up. My neighbors have

raised some very good crops of corn in

dry years. 'I would like to seed millet in

the six-acre field besides breaking up

about six or eight more for corn. What

kind of millet would you recommend?

How much seed D9? acre? What time

should it be planted? Is it cured like

other hay? Is millet very hard on land?

I would like to seed to clover the next

spring after the millet. I realize that

the farm should be tile drained but I

can't get around to that for a, couple of

years. Would you recommend any other

crop in preference to millet?



Van Buren Co. SUBSCRIBER.



It is certainly pretty risky trying to

farm on this wet land before tiling. Ina.

very dry year Subscriber Says that neigh-

bors on the same kind of land raise fair

crops of corn, but he had a. wheat failure

and a corn failure which would pay for

ditching the land, and that is the first

Step in the improvement of this land.

There isn’t much use in putting it ofl.

The risk is so great in trying to raise

crops on land that needs tiling as bad as

this does that one can almost advise let-

ting the land go bare, not trying to raise

any crops on it at all unless he is able

to go to work and tile it and get it in

shape. It isn’t profitable to put in acrop

and have it all drowned out, or have it

do next to nothing because there is too

much moisture in the soil, and the first

thing to do with land that is naturally

too wet is to tile it. You can’t get good

results unless you do. Probably millet is

as good a thing as you can raise on this

land because you don’t have to sow it

until along in June, say the 20th of June.

1 have sown millet as late as the first of

July and got a. good crop of millet. Such

season of the year, of course, the ground

will be dry if it is dry at any time, and

since millet is a. quick growing crop it

will come off before the land gets wet

again by fall rains. I would prefer to

sow Hungarian grass. This is a. millet

and it makes the best quality of hay. Sow

a half bushel of seed to the acre. Many

people would think that this would be too

thick, but it makes a. nicer quality of hay

and fineriif it is sown thick, and by sow-

ing it thick you Smother out Weeds and

have a better quality. This grass should

be cut when it is in full growth before

the seed forms and cure it as you would

any hay. Mow it in the morning, rake it

in the afternoon, and cock it up and let

it cure in the cock. If you leave it over

night after it is partially made in a swath

and it gets wet with the dew it will

bleach out and become dry and hard and

unpalatable.



I would not think of sowing this wet

land to clover. It will practically be

wasting your time and your seed. Clover

will not grow on cold wet land. It must

be tiled. The probability is that this

land is acid, that it: doesn't contain

enough lime. If you. would drain it then

by draining the water off at the bottom

some of the acidity would wash out, and

it would help to sweeten it, but in all

probability this low wet land is deficient

in lime and a. good application would

Day. It certainly ought to be taken into

consideration before trying to seed to

clover. If you want to seed this land and

make a meadow out of it I would seed it

to timothy and red-top rather than clo-

ver. A little alsike clover might be mix-

ed with the timothy because this will

grow on land much wetter than red clo-

ver will. It is too much of a speculation

trying to grew com on this kind of land.

Unless you have an extremely dry season

you can’t expect to get a crop. After you

have DUt all Of Your work into the crop

it Will be ruined by too much moisture.





COLON C. LILLIE.





ALFA LFA.





 





While it is true that the best crop on

the farm is boys and girls, the next best

crop is alfalfa. If you want valuable in-

formation as to the best methods of

growing it, let us send you such infor-

mation and sample of Seed free of charge.

We make a. specialty of high grade hardy

Northern Grown Seed. sure to grow and

thrive in Michigan, if a little well direct-

ed care is exercised. Our seed is tested

as to purity and germination and has

been found the best obtainable. Write

today.



Mention the Michigan Farmer.



ALFRED J. BROWN SEED 00..

(Adm) Grand Rapids, m
MAY '17. 1913.





THE MICHI





   





GAN FARMER





 





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on

on

on





 





 





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Horticulture.

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SUCCESSFUL METHOD OF HANDLING

‘ STRAWBERRIES.





 





No early fruit is more popular than

the strawberry and it is easily grown,

even by any novice, on a great variety

of soils. Of the many varieties there are

those suited to soil and climate require-

ments of all states. Here in this section

of the state, the Wilson, VVarfield,

Brandywine, Sharpless, Glen Mary and

many more old standard sorts do remark-

ably well. Of the more recent varieties,

the Corsican does best with me. This

berry requires a deep rich soil and high

culture for best results and that is what

we aim to give it. It is a mammoth sized

berry, good all the way through, \and of

the very best quality. requires room to

color up Well, stands local shipment nice-

ly and where once introduced customers

are crazy for it afterwards. It is not a

prolific plant-maker with me, but after

all, makes sufficient plants for the mat-

ted row.



Strawberries are cultured in many

ways. I make rows Six feet between and

plants two feet apart when setting in the

row, and as I set beds only during early

spring this intervening space between

rows is invariably drilled to black—seed

onions in rows about 14 inches apart for

easy tending, with a hand cultivator. In

tending the one crop, both crops are kept

clean and the strawberries respond to

Clean and frequent cultivation as well as

the onions do. Being spaced six feet the

berries run and set just about right to

leave a space in the center to pick from

and by the time the vines throw out run-

ners the 'Onions are bottoming. which

keeps them, to a great extent, from set-

ting too thickly. “’e have the whole

piece free of weeds by this time and cul-

tivation ceases, except for pulling of stray

weeds which may come on later. In the

fall the bulbs are' pulled and topped ir-

regardless of the young plants near them,

which I find, after all, delight in having

the soil loosened. Then the onion tops,

usually rank, are distributed as a partial

mulch over the field evenly. I thus get

big returns from onions the first season

from my new berry field, besides giving

the plants clean and frequent culture.

Bear in mind, this is rich soil and the

season following the onion crop is always

our heaviest berry production for the

bed. lVe. set new beds each spring and

never allow more than two fruitings in

succession from one setting of plants



Gladwin Co. G. A. RANDALL.





THE OAKLAND COUNTY HORTICUL-

TURAL SOCIETY.





 





The May meeting of the Oakland Coun-

ty Horticultural Society was held at E.

J. Van Duyn’s fruit farm near Novi. on

Saturday, May 3. The attendance was

very good, considering that it is a busy

time of the year with fruit men.



The forenoon was taken up largely with

the business of the society, such as ar-

ranging the programs for subsequent

meetings and planning for special work

in the interest of the members of the

society. Plans have been made to use a.

cut of the Steele lied apple on the sta-

tionery used by the members (if the or-

ganization, as Oakland and surrounding

counties are considered the home of that

best of all winter apples that has char-

acteristics distinctively its own. In no

other portion of the. country does the

Steele Red seem to do as well, or make

such generous returns for the labor be-

stowed, as in Oakland county and ad-

joining districts.



Mr. \V. D. Flint gave an excellent talk

on “Orchard Cultivation.” He emphasiz-

ed the importance of thorough cultivation

when undertaken at all. Cultivation pro-

motes the growth of the trees, subdues

weedS, helps to retain moisture, conse-

quently increases the size of the apples,

breaks up the nesting places where in-

jurious insects live and increase, and bur-

ies diseased leaves of the former season

which helps to control some of the fun-

gus diseases.



If he were to plan to set a new or-

chard, Mr. Flint said he would first en-

rich the ground with barnyard manure.

and then subdue it by thorough cultiva-

tion before setting the trees. Cultivate

the fore part of the Season to promote

the growth of the young trees and use a

cover crop to check the growth during





 





 





the latter part of the season and furnish

a mulch to protect the roots during the

winter. Where commercial fertilizers are

used, if the trees are getting a rapid

growth, leave out the nitrogen and a1),-

ply the potash and phosphoric acid. One’s

good sense and judgment should be his

guide.



The entire afternoon was given OVer to

Prof. O. K. White, of the M. A. 0., who

gave a lengthy lecture on insect pests

and fungus diseases with which the or-

chardiSt has to contend. The lecturewas

illustrated with drawings on canvass of

how the diseases look under'a compound

microscope.



The different kinds of sprays were de-

scribed and instructions given for the

application of the same. Reasons were

given why different kinds of spray mix-

tures are used, and the effects of differ-

ent kinds of poisons. Spraying with poi-

sons serves a. double purpose; it kills the

insects and keeps the foliage healthy, a

matter of great importance, as the leaves

are the lungs and stomach of the trees.





Spray when the tree is dormant with a

strong solution of lime and sulphur for

San Jose scale; just before the blossoms

open with a weak solution for scab; just

after the pollen has fallen with poison

added to the solution for codling moth.

Arsenate of lead is considered the best

and safest poison to use. Ifse three

pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons

of the solution for codling moth. If there

are canker worms use five pounds of the

arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of the so-

lution. Spray every two or three weeks

with the weak solution and poison to

keep the scab under control and main-

tain a healthy foliage. Spraying for fun-

gus diseases is a preventative, not a

cure. Spray about the first of August: for

the second brood of the codling moth.

Emphasis was placed on the importance

0f driving the poisoned Spray into the

calix, or blossom end of the apples, when

Spraying just after the pollen has fallen,

as that is the place where the little

worms from the eggs of the codling moth

usually attack the fruit.



The matter of the importance of thin-

ning the fruit on the trees was taken up.

It is the only method by which a uni-

form and good quality of fruit can be se—

cured. .~\s to the proper time to thin

there, seemed to be a difference of opin-

ion“ Some prefer to wait until after na-

ture has done her work in what is called

the June drop. Then begin thinning on

the most of the fall and early winter

varieties first and leave the later varie—

ties until the last.



Mention was made that consumers in

the city of Detroit complain that they

are unable to buy first-class fruit from

their dealers. The fault is not with the

growers who would be glad to furnish

good fruit to consumers at a fair price,

but the street hawkers and dealers buy

inferior fruit because they can get it

cheap, and then sell it to consumers at

a good price, thereby making a. large

profit. The law should define what is





 





DESCRIPTION I





Breast collar style. Bridle,

‘ %-inch. overcheck or round

side reins. Lines, lé-mch

fronts, I’m—inch, hand parts.

Breast collar 2%. inches wide,

V shaped. Traces. IVS-inch.

Gig saddle, harness leather

skirts, flexible tree, 1-inch

bearers. l-inc wrap straps.

Breeching, lira-inch harness

leather body, 5/s-inch split hip

straps, %-inch side straps, 7/fi-inch

turnback, crupper to buckle on.



No. IOL358I With nickel



buckles, solid nickel hook and



tenets.............. S I 6-95 J





loops.





//





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





instead of three or four.



All parts of the harness are securely united, they all

work together and there is no Jerking, which means

less strain on the parts. _ . .



Either tug. when hitched, unites two complete Circuits

of harness, one for draft, one for holding back, and

makes certain the movement of the vehicle. forward or

backward, as the horse moves.

caused by failing to unhitch one or more of the straps

in old style harness. _ . ' _ _ .



Works automatically in hitching and is Just as quickly

unhitched by pressure of thum . ' . .



Women and boys—and busy men, Will appreCiate this

new “Quick-Hitch" Harness.

best story of big values.





\. Send for Our Big Harness Catalog .





V ' . Contains over seventy pages of bargains in fine Har- .



L ' I . ness. Saddles, Bridles. Collars, Whips,

mings. Blankets, Etc.

of every horse owner.

Please ask for Harness Catalog No. 75M47





SEARS. ROEBUCK





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A New “Quick-Hitch”

From Sears, Roebuck and Co.





Enables you to hitch or unhitch in less time

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Only one place on each side to hitch,





This avoids accidents





Our low prices tell the





_ ////////////////////////////////////////////////





   





Pads. Trim-

Should be in the hands

Write postal now.





AND (20..

Chicago, Ill.





 





 





Here In the

"Quick-Hitch"

Attachment.





 





 





m\\\\\x§ , ,,





a





l Free

2' Harness

£- 3 BOOko





 





mailed free. Write for it to-day.





 





 





Will pay for it-

self first season.

Best , Orchard

Ladder made

and only one

that will stand

secure on side

hill or un-

even ground.

Easy to set,‘

. light rand

strong. Automatic lock,

improved hinge and bracket.

6-8-10 and 12 foot heights.

Sold on five days free trial.



Ask your dealer to show it to you,

or write for our Ladder Folder.





II. S. IIIIDDIIIS. Dept. 2, Orleans. Mich.





 





 

   

   

 

   

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





number one. and number two fruit. and it





should be made a. penal offense for a

dealer to sell number two or inferior

fruit as number one fruit. Too much





cheating is practiced on the part of the

dealers for the good of the fruit growers

and consumers .



These monthly meetings are doing

much to educate the fruit growers and

should be attended by more of them. Too

many wait to learn by example from

their more enterprising neighbors, which

means that they make progress slowly.



Wayne Co N. A. CLAPP.





 





GOOD SEED CORN.



“Thile the selection plays a. most im-

portant part, the yield per acre depends

upon every hill doing its part. This can

only be accomplished by planting seed

that is of high vitality. Corn selected for

seed purposes should be tested and prov-

ed to be good. The better the vitality,

the more bushels of corn to the acre.

Our Fire Dried Corn Which has been se-

lected especially for seed purposes, is of

high vitality, some of it showing a. test

of 96 to 98 per cent strong germination.

Ask for samples and prices, mailed free

upon request.



Mention Michigan Farmer.



ALFRED J. BROWN SEED‘CQ,





 





 





The Berlin Quart Our Specialty





A WHITE package which insures

highest prices for your fruit.

Write for 1913 catalog show—

ing our complete line, and secure

your BASKETS. CRATES. etc. at

WINTER DISCOUNTS

'I’III BEIILIII FRUIT BOX 60..

Berlin Holghlo. 0hlo.





Bee-Hives, Sections. Founda-

tion. Smokers. etc. Beeswax

wanted. Send for fully illustrat-

ed catalog.





 





ADELET H N





SILIJ FILLERS





Handsomc.illustrated booklet giving 30

convincing reasons for buying the

powerful, low down. underslung. cut-

under oak frame, Appleton Silo F illor.





APPLETON MFG. CO., 42w





 





 





 





M. H. HUNT G SON. ‘00 Candi! 51-, LANSING, MICH.





 

   





 

   

 

 

 





 





   





 





.. BATAVIA. ILL, U. S. A.





SEEDBEANS





Spring Rye and Buckwheat.

Northern Michigan Grown.

ASK FOR PRICES.





TRAVERSE CITY MILLING 00.





Traverse City, Mich.





 





F WE CAN’T SAVE YOI,l MONEY. don’t buy but

send for our Catalogue and see. Apple Trees 80,

Peach 3c, Cherry 8c. Pear 150 and up. All kinds

of Shade Trees. Berry plants. Roses Privet. etc.

An Orange or Lemon plant, that. bear free with

order. ERNST NI'RSERIES. Box 2, Moscow, Ohio.





SEED CORN—Reid’sfi‘ellow Dent. Early Learning



. and Vlhite Cap. Gathered Early.

Back Dried Germination Perfect. Ask for samples

and catalogue. THEO. BURT & SON. Melrose, Ohio.





WHITE CAP DENT CORN—Fire dried. 99% germi-

nation. $2 50 per ha. Bags free. Yield 130 bu. per

GEO. E. LAPHAM. H. 8. St. Johns. Michigan.





SEED CORN-Mich. Yellow Dent, home



grown. lire dried. tested.

Golden Fleece and Reg. Swedish Select Oats. Send

forsample and circular. EA. Bywater,Memphis.Mich.





acre.





I EGENEBA‘TED Swedish Select Recleanod Oats at

75c bu. Fine yellow dent seed com 32 bu. Bags

JOHN LOHMAN, Sn, Hamilton, Michigan.





WEEDLESS ALFALFA





is'what we try to furnish our customers. Free samples

Will show that. we come pretty near doing it. All

other field seeds. Also Field Peas, Boys. Vetch, Rape

Pasture Mixtures. Reid’sYellow Dent. Corn, etc.





0. M. SCOTT & SON, 66 Main St. , Marysville, Ohio.





Free.





BEE SUPPLIES and BERRY BASKETS ”





Berry Baskets and 16 qt. "her

board Crates. the best yet. Also

two, three. and four quart bas-

kets. Send for basket catalog.





 





 





GROW ALFALFA





 





 





Inoculate your seed

itively get a good “catch".





are big money crops.





to 60%.





 





Inoculated with Fer- size, 500).

Enlon’s

the right not inoculat-





ou'neun No. 159.





 





(Adv) Grand Rapids, Mich.





 





LEGION“: Richmond. Va.)





By Inoculation.





_ on any soil that has been properly prepared.

Try one or two acres this season in Alfalfa, Clover,

Vetch. SoyBeans, Fees or any legume—inoculate with Ferguson’s Bacteria

and you Will be amply repaid. Ferguson’s Bacteria is a. composite culture

which can be used upon any legume—not restricted to any one variety, also

IS a liquid culture 'which affords a great deal more bacteria than a. gelatine

surface—shows highest count by government experts.

. ‘ Make good crops on barren soil, also improved crops on good land.

Oflicial reports show they store more nitrates in the soil to the acre than

several tons of average commercial fertilizer.

Formula of Dr. Meade Ferguson. State Bacteriologist of Va. Remit $2.00 for

“fulfa, plug on leg prepaid package, enough to inoculate one acre (or $9.00 for sacres.

. _ ’ Simple to use—mix with your seed. Ask your seedsman for it—

Bactem. on if he been '1; it. send his name and we will send through him or direct if you

From Governmem prefer. Live Bacteria guaranteed; full instructions sent.

booklet and proof of results. Get posted in time to plant.



Agents wanted. Write for proposition.





Homewood Nitrogen Company

‘Dopt. H. 55 Liberty St. NoerorKOity





FOR $2 PER ACRE





 





 





with Ferguson's Nitrogen Bacteria and pos-

Make a. bumper crop first season. Practical

ALFALFA and CLOVERS





Increase plants 25%





Endorsed by thousands.





Garden





rite today for

Don’t put it off.





 





/ .
584—4





TH E MICHIGAN .FA R‘M E._R





MAY 17, 1913.





 





 





\' .

I.





OUR comprehensive Mechanical





portent document to the dairymen

now current. Forwarded on request.





Chicago Ill.

Portland Ore.





Manufacturer: of SHA R P L ES

TUBULAR

TORS—the [00% efficient Separa-

tor with the 3-part easily washed

bowI. Write for the Sharplee Sep-

arator Catalogue.





.IIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIII-IIIII-CUI‘CIIIIIIII-ICU...-I.-I.I.U....-III.I.I'.I.-I.Ilnlu...





tion.





milking cannot do.





The cows are more contented. The teats

and udder become far better conditioned. The

milk product is absolutely uncontaminated—-

pure and more valuable. Laborcutto one third. ' ‘





Sharples Mechanical Milking means

the end of all drudgery of milking.





installations of

SHARPLES MILKERS within easy distance, where the

actual operation of this equipment can be observed under

conditions approximating his own. We shall be pleased to hear

from dairymen with a view to their making such inspectionl.





Practically every dairyman can visit





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Milker Catalogue is the most im-





T h e S h a r p l e I

Separator Company

West Chester. Pa.





Bmecli Oflices:

San Francisco, Cal.

Dallas. Tex.





CREAM SEPARA -





Agencies Everywhere





 

 

 





T‘H RPL’ES-m





MECHANICAL

M I I... K-E R





HIS equipment is revolutionizing‘modern dairy opera-

During the four years since its perfection it has



been installed with unqualified success in hundreds of

the leading dairies throughout America and abroad





The distinctive features of the SHARPLES MILKER, to

which its complete success is due, are the Tent

the Upward Squeeze and the Patent Pulsator operating them.

This device reproduces nature’s own method of milk ex-

traction, which the most skillful hand-





Cups with





anneal-Illlljmljjll





 

 

 





\





 





 





 





 





 





 





The Patent Pul-

eator operating

the Teat Cape ‘

with the Upward

Squeeze.





 





AMERICAN





SEPARATOR





THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.

It is a solid proposition to send.

on trial. fully guaranteed, a new.

well made. easy running separa-

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milk; making heavy or light

cream.

small dairies. hotels and private

families. Different from this pic-

ture, which illustrates our large

capacity machines.

a sanitary marvel. easily cleaned.

Gears thoroughly

Western orders til ad from

Weitcrn points. Whether your

dairy is, large or small, write

us and obtain our handsome

tree catalog. Address:





MERICAN SEPARATOR C0.





"make good" because they're mall good.

And they‘ve been getting better every

year for 15 years. If you want to be ..

treated right, ordera Kalamazoo now. , 3"

We prepay freight. Get our catalog; it ' '





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lmzi hot or cold





Designed especially for

The bowl is





rotected.





Box I0

BBIDG





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





tells the whole story. Mum: Dual. 30.





KAIAIAZOO Tm & SM 00.

Kalamazoo. Ila. (mutt? . m.

llama. ll





.M—g





. A: in! -





 

 





 

   

 





 

 

 

 





53g _





Do n





 





   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





 





Our patented device leaves the

machine spotless and perfectly

sanitary. Clean as a new pm.

Look at theseyricesl 550 to 600

pounds capacity—855; 760 to 800

pounds capacity—865; 950 to 1000

pounds capaCity-875. Why pay

more ? There’s no better machine.

For the first time in separator

history you are offered an effi-

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sonable price. You pay 825 to 840

more for other standard makes

with smaller capacity.

Then. on close. clean skimming the

Beatrice beats them all. It will pay for

itself in cream saved in a single ear.

Ask our dealer. Orwrlte us or tree

bookiets and full information.

BEATRICE CREWY COKPANY

Chicago llncoln, Neb.

Des Holmes. Is. Dubaqne. la.





   

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

   

 





 

 

   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





   

   





 





 





Buy- the New lutter- .

fly .lr. N04. Light runnin .

easy cleaning, close altim-



mmg, durable. guaranteed ' '

e “Ml..- Skimr 95 qts. ,





   





 





Save $25 to $40





 





 





 





rhour. ledealeointour





or size: up to 5 1-2 shown





 





 





 





anthem-n aerator-and save . (13) . ,_

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GIEIIIEIII Hill SALE—$3,, gm; $2321.33

0’93"”?! at Pewamo for sale. Any legitmimato





in

oilyer will be considered. Here is your opportunity to

eeourea bargain. John E. Pennington, Pewamo,Mioh.





. mention the mango Per." .vhe’a

to “venture. .





 





gIllllIllllliilllllllllllllllilllllllIlllllllllllillllllllllilllllllllllIlilllIlllllllllI|HIIIII|lllllllllllllllllllllllallg

g ' ' ° 2

Da1ry. g

$-lillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIIIlllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIE





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





BARN VENTILATION.





 





I intend to build basement for a. barn

36x46 ft., with end entrance, having

horse stalls on one side and cows on the

other with feeding alley in center. I want

to install a ventilating system in walls.

My wall will be 2%, or 3 ft. above the

ground, 16 in. thick. I think by using

3-in. tile and elbows, and put elbow flush

to outside, just low enough to take one

length of straight tile, then elbow in

about 4 in. below overlays, this would

not be a direct intake, and it would give

room to use all I want, by using sides

only for intakes. I have only 40 acres so

will keep two or three horses, and from

two to 10 cows. Now, how many intakes

as described, do I want? Do you think

the one endputlet in center about 6x12

in. inside measurement. enough or not?

is it best to run this outlet shaft through

roof or not? It; will spoil the looks of my

roof to build a small roof over it. “'1”

you please outline a plan for me. not too





expensive? VVlll have 10 or 12 two-sash

windows in the Wall. I want plenty of

light. .





OSceola Co. L. V.



I think your idea of ventilation is cor-

rect, but I’ll tell you frankly that I don’t

like the idea of having the stable down

in the ground so far. .If your wall pro-

jects only two or three feet above the

ground that means that your stable will

be down into the ground some four or

five feet. I don't like this kind of a. sta-

ble. 1 would build the stable part. en-

tirely above the ground. Even the floor

of the stable ought to be high enough

above the ground so that no moisture

from the outside could ever run into the

stable. This makes a healthier and bet-

ter stable. There is nothing gained so

far as expense is concerned, when you

figure the extra Cost of excavation in

putting the stable down into the ground.

It will cost no more to build an approach

to the first story of your burn than it

will to make this excavatinn for the sta-

ble, and you will have a better barn for

animals to live in than if you put it

down into the ground four or five feet.

If you have it farther above the ground

you can put} in your pure air intakes in

the same way, by the use of tile, having





 





them open at the bottom on the outside

and up next to the ceiling on the inside.

NOW there ought to be more of these in-

takes than you really need and ought to

be distributed all around the-barn so





 





that when the wind blows hard in one

direction you can stop up the intakes on

that side and still have enough pure air

intakes to furnish all the pure air needed

for your stock. Otherwise. the force of

the wind will drive so much cold air into

the stable that it will cool it off too much

in real cold weather.





Your ventilating shaft ought to be at

least a foot square. I would make it a

foot and a half square. I don‘t believe

that would be any too large for a barn

that was 36x46, and it certainly ought to

project up through the roof. Of course,

after you haVO got it up to the plate of

the barn then you could make a bend in

it and run it up the roof and out the

cupola, which would answer very well,

although you won’t get as good circula-

tion, there will be so much friction in

this joint, as you would if you run up

through the roof and as high as the peak

of the burn, or higher. \tht do you carc

about the looks? The all-important thing

is getting a sanitary stable, a stable in

which animals will do well. After you

get a ventilating shaft and see it on’the

barn once you wouldn’t think the barn

would look right without it. You could

make the same criticism with the chim-

ney on the house and say you didn‘t

like the looks of it, but really a house

don’t look right without some kind of a

chimney on it. . '



I think you will like your barn better

after you get it built if you have the

feeding alleys on the outside and the

broad alley between the cows so that you

can drive through and load the manure

directly on trucks or a. manure. spreader.

You certainly ought to investigate this

proposition carefully before you arrange

the barn with the feeding alley in the

center.





 





BUTTER AND CHEESE SCORING CON-

TESTS TO BE RESUMED.





 





There will be four educational scorings

conducted for the benefit of Michigan

butter and cheese makers’ by the Dairy

and Food Department this summer; The





 





first will be held during May and the last





in connection with the state fair in Sep-

tember. Blanks, rules and shipping in-

structions are being mailed; should any

fail to reCeive those sent address the de-

partment at Lansing -wlth request for

more. A diploma of merit will be issued

to all who have butter or cheese scoring

90 points or over. The department is anx-

ious for the co-operatlon of all butter

and cheese makers of the state.





 





DOES SILAGE SHORTEN THE LIVES

or cowsr





 





Does silage shorten the life of the cow?

I have heard it advocated that it did.

Mason Co. A. N. F.





Again, I cannot conceive how a. man

would ask this question, living in the

state of Michigan, with silos in almost

every township in the state. Silage ab-

solutely is not injurious to cows or any

other stock‘ to which it is fed.

fed cows, sheep and horses silage for

years, and it is a. healthful food. It does

not shorten their lives. but rather tends

to prolong them, because it is a succu-

lent food fed in connection with other

dry feed, always tends to better digestIOn

and better assimilation and a. more

certainly is reasonable to suppose that

the thousands of farmers who have used

and are using silage have learned its

merits, and if there existed the slightest

fault every wide-awake man would know

and publish it.





M“





HANDLING THE DAIRY CALF.





p—v‘-





 





The effort to secure a more efficient

type of dairy cow has-Centered attention

upon the dairy calf, and commands that

every reasonable condition be provided

that will serve to develop the promising

calf into an adult of all—around dairv

quality. Thus it is highly important that

the calf have continuous growth, for

should it be required to paSS through

some hardships that impair development,

to any degree, it is more than likely that

when_the animal comes to be a dairy

producer the relults of neglect will be

evident. The calf should not only be sur-

rounded so as to provide this continuous

growth, but such an environment is need-

ed as will gIVe it a. rugged constitution

and proper disposition. That these con-

ditions are to a large degree within the

possibilities of the dairyman to provide.

is apparent to careful students of the

dairy business.



There are differences of opinion as to

the best time to remove the young calf

from its mother. Some argue from the

standpoint of labor while others look to

the interests of the animal. Because it

is easier to teach the calf to drink from

the pail before it has been allowed 'to

suck, many would take it away immedi-

ately. Others more patient in this re-

gard and being willing to forego some in-

cmwenience in teaching the calf to take

milk from the pail, leaVe it _With its

mother for from one to three days. These

latter men are aware of the importance

of the culf’s securing the first milk, or

colostrum, from its mother. This is a.

natural provision for purging the diges-

tive system of the young animal and pre-

paring it for receiving other nourishment.

Since the best dairymen follow the latter

method it seems wise for the novice to

pattern after them.





One of the disagreeable duties on a.

dairy farm is teaching the calves to drink.

Yet it is a peculiar fact that some men

are far more successful in this work than

are others. I‘Vhethcr it is because their

methods are peculiar is a queStion. Nev-

crtheless, it appears that those who ex-

crcise patience succeed best—this quality

being an important one in the handling

of the dairy cow from her birth to the

end of her career.





Nature does not develop in the calf the

instinct for drinking, from a. pail. It is

natural for the little animal to lift its

nose high in the uir and bunt, two quali-

ties not easily reconciled to the practice

of taking milk from a pail. 'i‘he trainer

must, therefore, overcome these two ten-

dencies by getting the calf to hold its

nose down into the bucket and to hold

the bucket SO as to insure the milk not

being wasted. The writer has had the

best success in getting the calf to incline

its head downward by holding the hand

under the lower jaw with a finger near

the calf’s lips. This will cause him to

incline his head in the proper direction

in an attempt to get hold of the finger.





In so doing his head can be readily dl- _.

Where the finger





rected into the bucket.

is placed over the nose of the calf, after

the usual manner, it becomes necessary

to force 'his head downward by main





 





 





I have
MAY 17, 1913.





strength, which is not an easy task, es-

pecially should the calf be a strong, vig-

orous individual. As noted above, how-

ever, any method tried will demand that

the instructor be patient and as kind as

conditions will allow.

i ' To protect the calf against contracting

scours and allied alimentary troubles,

clean utensils should be used in feeding

and clean quarters be provided for re-

straining the youngsters. Frequently

calves are fed from a. wooden trough.

While such a receptacle may be used

without apparent harm, in the event that

the sun shines upon it constantly and

thereby renovating it after each meal, yet

the chances are nine out of ten that it

will soon become sour, get in a filthy con-

dition and be the source of infection for

the above mentioned troubles. \Vooden

pails are likewise objectionable. Strong,

galvanized pails make serviceable and

sanitary receptacles for feeding. They

may, however, cause'trouble unless they

are. cleaned every day. The stables, too,

should be kept free from filthy manures

as is too frequently the condition on

most ordinary farms. Clean straw should

be provided where necessary and some





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN F‘ARMER





out suddenly, but a small quantity of

skim-milk or sour .milk should first be

introduced and then the amount gradually

increased until after several days when

the full amount of the subStituted mate-

rials is fed. This permits the digestive

organs to accommodate themselves to

the change and will obviate any incon-

venience to the young animal. A similar

precaution should be exercised as to the

temperature of the milk, not to turn sud-

denly from warm to cold feeding.



A few other essentials should be men-

tioned. Fresh air, sunshine and exercise

need to be looked after and provided for.

Salt supplied regularly effects similar re-

sults upon the calf that it does on adult

animals. A piece of sod thrOWn into the

pen, if the calf is kept inside, will be en-

joyed. When flies are bad give it a cool

dark place to lie in during the heat of

the day, and a spray with some fly repel-

lant will also relieve from the annoyance

of these pests. _



Where many calves are raised stanch-

ions become indispensable. The illustra-

tion on this page illustrates how these

may be made and.shows the position of

the buckets used in teeding 'the calves.





 





diSinfectant, like lime, should occasionally

be scattered about the premises.



If milk is fed only when in the right

condition, the calf will be well insured

against being stunted. This means, first,

that the feed should be of the_right tem—

perature, which is somewhere around 90

degrees Fahrenheit. \Vhen the tempera-

ture gets below 70 degrees it is not safe

to feed it to the young animal. A second

condition is with regard to the acidin of

the milk. Vt’hen the calves are young

they should not be fed sour milk. Sweet

milk ought to be continued for at least

three weeks, and better until the calfis

weaned. In feeding separator milk re-

move the froth before offering it to the

calf, since it occasionally causes colic.



When the calf is about four weeks old

it should be fed a little grain and hay.

The rule usually followed by dairymen is

“ to start feeding these feeds when’they

change from whole milk to skim-milk. A

small handful of grain dropped in the

bottom of a bucket after the milk is fed

after a few days, lead the calf to

eat it. GI‘Ound oats or linseed meal may

be used for this purpose. Unless in a

good pasture the calf should also be given

access to some bright clover hay, which

it will early learn to eat.



The quantity of feed given the calf is

a matter too frequently disregarded and

often leads to trouble. The amounts re—

quired vary with the individual, but ordi-

narily from five to seven quarts of milk

will be needed every day until the calf is

about three weeks old, after which the

quantity should be increased to from sev-

en to nine quarts. If possible, continue

feeding milk till the young animal is

around six months old. When the change

is made to skim-milk a temptation to

feed liberally shows itself, but this should

not be indulged in as most calves will

drink more than is good for them if al-

lowed to do so. At six weeks of age

“ ‘ the average calf should have about a half



pound of mixed grain per day and at

' four months of age it should consume“

* about two quarts of mixed ground grains

per day.



One of the important matters to watch

in the handling of the calf is changing or

introducing feeds. When substituting





will,





 





skim—milk for whole milk or sour milk

for sweet milk it should not be carried





 





Feeding Calves Becomes a Pleasure when Stanchions Are Used.





The use of stanchions prevents the ob-

jectionable habit of the calves sucking

each other, a practice which occasionally

is highly detrimental to the health of the

individual animals. The stanchions also

decrease the amount of labor necessary

to care for the calves, in that one man

feeds a dozen as carily with the stanch-

ions as he does one without. By the use

of pails each calf is given its own allot-

ment of milk, which does away with the

objection of feeding in a trough where

the calves that drink rapidly get more

than they should have, while the more

modest drinkers are deprived of their just

share.



Wayne Co. SUBSCRIBER.

BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION CREDITED



WITH PROMOTING DAIRY

INTEREST.



I was very much interested in the arti-

cle in your paper of May 3 from J. A.

Kaiser, Hilsdale county, entitled, “Grow-

ing Interest in Dairying.”





 





Mr. Kaiser does not seem to get at the

key to the situation in dairying'at Litch-

field. The Litchfield creamery has been

running for 12 to 15 years but the farm-

ers in that vicinity made dairying a. side

issue. Not until the Litchfield Jersey

Breeders’ AsSOciation was organized did

all the farmers take an interest in dairy—

ing. From the organization of this asso-

ciation has come better dairy cows, bet—

ter methods of feeding, better methods of

caring for the cows. Also, better methods

of handling the product from their herds,

viz., the organization of the Litchfield

Co—operative,C.reamery. The whole prop-

osition summed up is this: Here is a

community of intelligent young men, well

organized and working for the betterment

of their business and all working togeth-

er. It is not by chance that one receives

$160 per month for. butter-fat from I]

Jerseys. It is by hard work and study

and the use of good business ability, in

selecting, breeding, care and feeding the

cows that bring this amount, alsa by get-

ting all the product is worth before it

goes to the consumer. That means thor-

ough organization. The Litchfield dairy-

men are organized and are all working

together. “Go thou and do likewise."



Ingham Co. W. F. RAVEN.





 





 





//.~’“





.\





Illllll l

The ll

Simplest





CREAM "l





SEPARATOR

Ever Built —-





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NOR ARE THERE ANY PARTS WHICH REQUIRE FREQUENT

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/////////iZlW/77//l/





In





   





.4





 





Combination Wrench, furnished with each De Laval machine,

which is the only tool required in setting up, taking down .or

using the De Laval, the simplest cream separator ever but".





THERE IS NOTHlNG ABOUT THE MACHINE THAT CANNOT

be taken apart, removed or replaced by any one who can use.a

wrench or screw driver. In fact, the only tool which 18 needed m;

the use or the operation of a De Laval Cream Separator is the

combination wrench and screw driver illustrated above, Wthh is

furnished free with every machine. Visit the local De Laval

agent and see for yourself its simplicity of construction.





The new 72-pagc Dc Laval Dairy Iland Book, in which important dairy questions

are ably discussed by the best authorities, is a book that every ."“‘V owner should

have. Mailed free upon request if you mention this paper. INcw 1913 De Laval

catalog also mailed upon request. Write to nearest otlicc.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR Co.

NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE





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' Send for our .9





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Professor Van Pelt





The famous cow judge, has an article in

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and other authorities on feeding stock.

Every stock owner should get this book

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for catalog A.





NATIONAL FIRE PROOF ING

COMPANY

Huntington, Ind.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





fifJfllM/ZJ [1.7] Pa





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vi! the only real Sanitary Stanchlon now on the market

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The smgle chain, fiexxble suspensnon, patented

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aced roofing we are offering is our famous one- ply ".Agax” brand. Elia? tigogmesg-

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eludes necessary cement and nail? ll) lay it. and

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roofing IE guaranteed to wear as long and give as good service as any Ready alibi; Surfing;

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SEE THEM AT YOUR DEALERS.





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We are the world’s greatest headquarters for Roofing!

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Chlcago House Wrecking Company, Dept. 42., Chicago, Ill,l
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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"‘ .‘_ T ‘—\_-‘k"‘ « h. r‘z‘:::‘7«“m~4“€~<~;: . '.'-_* ‘1‘:- '





 





 





 





 





 





any other





and gives positive comfort.





affected by manure.





or counters. And the

that insures y

feet and wil





give the wear every

demands.





whole vamp, B cher style, full

bellows tongue that keeps out

water, snow and dirt, and has

outside counter pocket.





The workmanship is the very best

thruout. There is probably a

OADY Dealer in your town—see

him and examine the CADY FARM

SHOE for yourself.





quality.





CADY





G 1:. EV E LA N D

Trade Mark.





 





 





 





 





 





E mean just that. The CADY Farm Shoe is not an



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b thousands of farmers who will not have



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The CADY is made of solid leather thru-

out—there are no pasteboard insoles, heels

leather—known as

Tull Hide—is tanned by a special process

ou a shoe that is easy on the





Note these special features of the CADY:

Full length heavy double sole with slip,

u





If you can’t get the CADY of your dealer . write

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The CADY is made in Black (No. 6731/2) and Chocolate color (669%) both the same high

Look for the trademark on the Sole and be sure it's a CADY.





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BE SURE YDIIR FEET ARE SHOT! with the CADY when you GO IIITO THE FIELD THIS SPRING





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





farmer





Cleveland

Ohio





 





 





BEE SUPPLIES





Send your name for free cats





10 .

s. J. ORIOGS & co.. 25 N. Erie StuTolcdo. o.

POULTRY.





INGLETS BARRED ROCKS—Birds of uality and

size. Cock weighs 11 lbs. and cockerels . that head

selected pens. Eggs $1.50 for 15. Also choice Bronze

Turkeys. eggs 3 1.50 for 10. Ten years a breeder. Plain

View Farm, J. W. Saliard. Prop., Romeo. Michigan.





ARRED ROCKS. B. 0. Beds. We still have a few

00d Red Oockereis for sale at $2 a iece. Efis for

hatching. OSTRANDER BROS. orley. ich.





B R E D TO LAY—3' °‘ 1335 Ié‘i‘i'i°'£€t





J. H. STEPHENSON. Boyne ails. Michigan.





CHICKS—We ship thousands. different varieties.

prices r1 ht. New booklet lust out. free.

FREEPOBT HATOIfiERY, Box 12. Freeport. Mich,





s it —-Small consignments from pro-

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attractive prices. Returns, day of arrival.



' Refer to Mich. Farmer. Dun s or Bradstreets.

Zenith Butter I Egg (30.. 855459 Greenwich St.. New York.N.Y.





EGGS BARRED ROCKS—$3.“..iei’é’illiiii





W. O. OOFFMAN. R. No. 6. Benton Harbor, Mich.





EGGS—Barred Rock.WhiteWyandotte,BilverBoangled

Hamburgs. Light Brahma. Si setting 8 .50 two

settings. Mrs. E. D. BISHOP. Lake Odessa. Mich.



bred to lay. Eggs





[gonaday Barred ROCKS, from record layers.

81- p





or 15. Ecsaday Poultry Ranch. Marshall. Mich.





-—Barred Rock. first few mated with okls.

Eggsv Ex‘sdirect from Bradley Bros..83 per 13.Utilllty

flock, $2 per 15. A. A. PA’l‘TULLO, DeckerVille. Mich.





OR SALE-Eggs from prize winning R. 0.3.. LRedsJLOO per 15,

Eggs from standard bred fawn 5L white ind. Runner Ducks.

whit-e eggs strain. $1.00 per 13. Coy G.Brumm. Nashville, Mich.





SILVER: IfiAOElz. golden lalrid whiteWyadnfdotgols-é‘figgs

l.' c in a reasons eprices; sen or .

Broglnirfg's W§andotte Farm. R. 30. Portland. Mich.





8. c. l. linorca liockaruls and l'. 0. Fall Pigs.





Satisfaction guaranteed. R. W. Mills. Saline. Mich.





Prize Winning





Stock for sale.

EMWOOD FAR





Barred Rock. R. 1. Reds. Mam.

“mgzthé’ekin artid %fil}finnsgr duolkxs).

. . . rse . y per .

. R. B. Naploil. Grand Rapids. Mich.





COLUMBIA Wyandottes. Winners at Chicago,Grand

Ra ids. South Bend and St Jose h. Stock and eggs.

RICHARD SAWYEB. Benton





arbor, Michigan.





OAK KNOLL POULTRY—Silver and Partrldzo

Wiandottes and Ind. Runner Duc Eggs for

sale. . H. «LIA. COLLAR. Oooporevillo. Mic ignn.



E833 $1 per 15.





S. C. R. ng‘ifi.





Elmer E. mu]. R. 2. Box 52. Redford. Mich.





 





OS! 60.3, mwgidLEGlleORgS‘from ladihSquazkel Ogden

innsrl.‘ min are c c some so ty. so am

" ,. Claudia Bette. Ilia-dun





Poll: Dub “I





TANDhARD Bill-ID POULTRY R. I. REDS either comb. Show



quality eggs 32 per 15, Fancy '2 per 30. Runner 0; ltoueu

duck eggs 31.50 per 12. At. gee-e eggs $2.50 per 5. All mailed

free to you. Mich. dent seed corn ’2 per bus.

FRENCH FRUIT Jr POULTRY FARM. Lndington. Michigan.





 





RYSTAL WHITE ORPINGTON8--Excellent laying

strain, eggs at half price. Breedin stock at

greatly reduced gices after Ma 1st. Matin dist. MRS.

WILLIS HOUG , Pine Crest arm. Roy Oak. Mich.





 





LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY





B. P. Rocks. R. I. Reds. and S. O. W. Le on can

for sale. 15 for :1; 3 for 31.50: 60 for .

OOLON O. LILLII. Cooper-ville. Mich.





 





HITE BOOK. 8. 0. WHITE LEGEORN, BLACK

8&anish and Indian Runner duck eggs, 15 01.25;

30. :2; 33; 100. :5. e. N. BURT. Oakwood. on...





ll. 0. ii. I. llEll E668, 81.50 FEB 15, POSTPIIII.





BUELL BROS.. Ann Arbor. Michigan.





' ' -—Snow white. Winter laying strain.

Wild. “vandal“: E; for hatching Send for 1913

circular. David Ray, Forest Ave.. psilanti. Mich.





Wlli'l‘ii lEGIlOINS‘L‘Xl’S‘ik‘é" 83:312. “33$





8

Maple Oity Poultry Plant. Box 0. (E‘arlotte. Mich.

' —Noted for size. vigor and ro-

Wllll. wylfldnms duction. 1913 circular res. yp in

February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor. Mich.

GULLlES Queen. Her pups have proven ideal

farm do . pedi reed. eight and ten





dollars each. BROOKD LE FA M. Hillsdale. Mich.





lsllllllllls FOR llllllllllgrfiflfitg'il‘.“ FERRETS





and 2c stamp. W. LECKY, Holmesville. Ohio





 





 





 





 





 





 





DOGS.





 





A fine litter now ready from Beliflelds





 





 





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





of the best English strains in Ameri-

ca: 40 years or erienoe in breeding

these fine houn s for my own sport.

I now olIer them for sale.



Send stamp for Catalogue.

T. I. llllllSPETll. Sibley. lutmi 00., II.





Healthy

Hens





 





   

   

   

 





 

 





are always profit payers.





Poultry

[v Regulator

insures perfect digestion. vigorous





ON 3.

$1; 15."). Pail. $3.5.

“gfiufiqney‘ back if it hilt?





At dealers everywhere. on

, PRATT FOOD co. .

- \ Philadelphia. Chicago.





 

 





   





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~ ‘l’guigymaii.





 





     

 





 





   





I. . ,

MAY 17, 1913. .





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011 r an €68. s-

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GUINEAS FOR PLEASURE AND

PROFIT.





 





There seems to be a good demand for

guineas in nearly all of the large mar-

kets, and this demand is rapidly increas-

ing, as the excellent qualities of these

birds become known. Those who have

learned to appreciate the guinea, as a.

table fowl, are not slow in expressing

surprise at the fact that this bird is not

more extensively raised.



A plump young guinea, broiled. baked

or fried. is delicious to say the least.

while an older fowl may be cooked by

any recipe devised for the cooking of

chickens and the result will be as good,

if not superior. Those who relish the

wild, gamy flavor. consider the guinea

fowl equal to our native pheasant. For

this reason. the guinea makes a good

substitute for the wild game birds which

are so rapidly becOming extinct. Some

of the hotels and cafes in large cities

serve young guinea fowl for pheasant or

grouse.



The guinea is an interesting bird and

can be easily raised by any person who

can raise turkeys, as they require about

the same kind of care. A few guineas

should be kept about the premises, if for

no other reason than that they are use-

ful as “watch-dogs.” The high, shrill

notes which they utter will quickly put

to flight any hawk or crow on mischief

bent; while after night, no prowling ani-

mal or person can approach a house

where guineas are kept without starting

a chorus of discordant cries. Their sense

of hearing is marvelous.



The two varieties usually raised in this

country are the White African and the

Pearl. They are about the same in size

and shape, but quite different in other

ways. In colorthe Pearl guinea is dark

with small white spots, while the White

African is pure white with bright yellow

beak and shanks. The white guineas

present the most attractive appearance

when dressed for market, because the

small pin-feathers do not show. I used

to raise Pearl guineas but found they

were very difficult to handle. During the

laying season they would “steal" their

nests some distance from the buildings

(usually in a meadow) and before they

could be located they would sometimes

have such a nestful of eggs that they

would desert it. This happens when sev-

eral guinea hens lay in the same nest.

They dig their nests out so deep that

the eggs are sometimes Several layers

deep. If they sit on such a nest of eggs,

as they will sometimes do, the result

can be imagined.



They resent intrusion, and if their nest

is approached while they are near they

will leave it and make a new one some

distance away. If they leave it of their

own accord, that is, if the eggs get too

numerous, they will usually begin anoth—

ei‘ nest close by. If the nest can be

found while the eggs are still few in

number, they should be removed daily

with a large spoon and replaced with

nest-eggs. Or, better still, to be on the

safe side use no artificial eggs but re-

move all but a few. every other day, and

if they are wanted for hatching purposes

be sure that the fresh ones are removed

each time. .



Guinea eggs are as good as hen eggs

for table purposes, but are much smaller.

They are too small for market purposes.

All of the guinea’s eggs are laid during

the summer months. Or, rather, to be

more accurate the usual laying season is

from about the first of May until the

latter part of August. This will vary a

little at times, however, depending- more

or less upon the climate and season.



Having disposed of the‘Pearl guineas.

some years ago, I started with the White

African. They are much easier to handle

because they are more domestic in habit.

They stay with the chickens a great

deal, even laying their eggs in the hens’

nests. As a rule, a White African guinea.

hen will only “steal” her nest before be-

ginning the last laying in a season, and

then it is apt to be only a few rods from

the house and therefore easy to locate.

They can often be found easily, just by

listening for the peculiar sound of their

voices, while they are still on or near

the nest. All guineas “cackle” alike.



White African guineas bring higher

prices in large markets than others, for

the reason stated above. It would seem

that this should induce anyone‘ to keep





the White instead of the Pearl, but for

some reason the latter variety seems to

be most extensively raised in this part

of the country. A flock of White guineas

can be easily kept almost anywhere with‘

out interfering with other poultry, and

there is profit, as well as pleasure, in

it. Our market~ facilities are not the best,

here, and yet I have found the guinea to

be a profitable fowl.



The guinea is a great bug catcher, a.

large part of their summer diet consist-

ing of insects. They will devour injurious

worms and beetles in a garden, and they

do not scratch, as a rule. Their feed

costs very little during the summer

months, if they have a good range. If

there is an orchard or pasture near by

the guineas will stay there the greater

part of the time. They require some

shade in summer, and some protection

from hawks. A field where there is a

natural growth, such as small bushes or

tall grass, makes a very good range dur-

ing the summer and fall. However. it is

not often that “’hlte guineas wander far

from home. Such a range is more es-

sential to the Pearl variety, although the

'White African will wander quite as far

as a Leghorn hen, which is sometimes a.

surprising distance.



As stated above, White guineas are less

wild than the Pearl, and will lay their

eggs in hens' nests. But all guineas are

“bossy,” and for this reason it is best

to house them by themselves especially in

winter when they have to be confined.

Guineas cannot-endure much cold. If

they are let alone and not confined in a.

house, during a. blizzard, they will ,fly

onto a tree or roof and stay there until

they die of cold and hunger. ’The guinea. .

is a native of warm climates and there-

fore needs good protection from the cold.

Any poultry house that is sufficiently

warm and comfortable for hens will an-

swer for gulneas. But it must be above

freezing to be COmfortable.



(Concluded next week).

Ohio. ANNA W. GALLIGHER.





SEED CLOVER GRATIS.





 





Such an announcement in the adver-

tismg columns of any paper would either

lead to a general rush for the seed or a.

denouncement of the whole thing as a.

fake. And yet good seed may be ob-

tained for nothing from a reliable firm.

if We only go after it in the right way.

All admit this; and yet with the high

prices that have prevailed for the past

season many have striven to solve the

problem indirectly in some other way

than seeding as heavily as heretofore.



It is well known that bees and clover

are mutual factors of gain, the insects,

through their cross-fertilization, greatly

increasing the yield of seed, and at the

same time collecting much of the choicest

nectar. Last season one farmer in Penn-

sylvania made a record which we be-v

lieve to be the greatest ever recorded

outside of the southern apiaries, where

work is continued every month in the

year. He took 127 pounds of the best

alsike honey from a single swarm of bees.

and later an even 100 pounds of buck-

wheatn, leaving quite a quantity in unfin—

ished sections to piece out the honey in

the lower frames, which usually keeps

the swarm over winter. This alone paid

for the seeding of a. few acres near the

hive to timothy and alsike mixed, and

the yield of hay was clear gain, proving

the truth of the claim in our title.'



But to do this he commenced feeding

very early. thus stimulating to brood

rearing, and had a strong swarm ready

for the first fruit blossoms. Good ven-

tilation and an abundance of room, with

more supers added as the section boxes

seemed crowded, overcame the tendency

to swarm, while the clover field but a.

few rods away kept the workers contin-

ually busy. By gradually increasing the

acreage of clover, supplementing 'with a.

good field of buckwheat, a single farm of

moderate size' would carry an apiary

large enough to yield a goodly profit; this

would at the same time provide for keep-

ing up‘the forage crops of the farm and

building it up in fertility, as nothing can

do better than the legumes. In a region

where alfalfa can be grown, the gain

through the bees may be still further in..-

creased. And bear in mind the fact that”

everything the bees garner-is that much

extra. 7



Pennsylvania.





Boasts L. Pumas. ,-





ro ,.\
,MAY 17, 1913.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





   





 





 





 





iilllillilIllIlll“llllllllllllllllilllllllllillillllllll|llillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllil|llllllllllllllllllllllillIlllllllllilIHHIIHIllllllllllllllllllllllllillllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllIMMUNE

s ' _ - , =

L1vc Stock.



filllillllllllll|li|lIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll"|iIlllllllllllllllllIIIHIHIIIIHHIHIHIHIHill!”HIHillllHlillilllllHillIlllllllilllllllilliillllllllllilllllllllHlilIllilllllllllliillllllllllllllilllilllllllllllllfi





WHEN THE PIGS ARE WEANED.





 





The weaning period is a. critical one

in the young pig’s life. Some farmers

wean their pigs entirely too young. A

pig is not ready to depend altogether on

feed from the trough before it_ is at least

ten weeks old, although it may seem

previous to that time that it is not get-

ting much sustenance from its mother.

But that little :helps wonderfully, there-

fore the mothers should be so fed that

they will keep up a good flow of milk

until the pigs are old enough to depend

fully upon themselves. Pigs that have

learned to eat freely can safely be wean-

-ed earlier than those that have never

been given a feeding pen of their own.

In all cases circumstances will have to

govern to a great extent the age at which

the pigs are weaned, but the mistake

should not be made of weaning them too

soon. Some farmers let them wean

themselves, but if the sows are to raise

two litters'a year this method of wean-

ing will not do for the sows must be

bred at a certain time. \\'here the lit-

ters are large the pigs are not so large

in size at a certain age as when the lit-

ters are smaller, and in these cases it is

a good plan to take away one half the

pigs, leaving the weaker ones with the

sow for a. few days longer. One or two

of the weakest pigs may even be left for

a week or two. With this method of

weaning the sow’s udder will dry up in

perfect condition, and at the same time

the weaker pigs will be given a good

start.



The male pigs should be castrated be-

fore they are weaned. At that. time, if

the operation is rightly performed and

conditions are favorable afterward, they

will grow off with no appreciable set-

back. But if they are allowed to run un-

til they are great big fellows they will

receive a setback when castrated, from

which a few may never recover. After

castrating, arrange for shade in case

the Weather turns hot immediately and

provide plenty of pure drinking water

and clean sanitary beds.

‘After the weaning period

passed safely there are still many re-

sponsibilities for the swine breeder to

meet. A reasonably safe rule to ob-

serve in feeding the growing shoats is

to allow them at their regular meals ev-

ery ounce they will eat up clean, provid-

ing the ration is a reasonably well bal-

anced one. An abundance of skim—milk

is a. valuable help at this time. Forage

crops will also assist materially in the

finishing process. Not only do forage

crops promote good health in the shoats

but the gains made from these crops are

attained at far less expense than sim-

ilar increases on grain alone.



During hot weather shade and an.

abundance of drinking water are very

essential for the shouts. Hogs suffer

much in ‘hot weather Without shade and

get weakened in vigor. A few trees in

the hog pasture are always desirable, but

when these are lacking sheds should be

\Vaicr for drinking must be

given four or five times a day. Much

labor can be avoided here if a tank or

trough is arranged for water to run into

from the stoek tank. The shoats can

then help themselves to a drink at will,

and on warm days one or more will be





has been





constructed.





at the trough drinking nearly all the

time. The practice of keeping a constant





supply of water before growing pigs will

add 20 or 30 pounds to each one’s growth

during the summer and fall.



Indiana. W. F. PU'RDUE.





 





PREVENT SORE SHOULDERS.





 





More horses are taken off of duty in

the spring on account of sore shoulders

than from any other cause. The care of

the young horSes' shoulders is one of the

most important factors I bear ‘in mind

during the first few weeks of work, and

I am never bothered with my teams hav-

ing sore shoulders. I could not permit

a horse with pain in his shoulders to be

driven to the plow, as it is not only

cruel, but the work he does is always

unsatisfactory. .



My observation in dealing with horses

having sore shoulders shows that they

generally get their injuries from poor fit-

ting collars, especially when the collars

are too large. Some horses are hard to

fit with collars, and if one has ananimal





 





of that kind it is best to have a harness

maker fit the collar to the shoulder. I

have seen collars that fitted badly made to

conform to the shoulders by removing a

small bit of the padding and taking up

the surplus leather caused by the same.

I never use heavy collar pads, as they

are hot and become saturated with sweat,

keeping the shoulders wet and rendering

the skin soft and easily irritated.



I think dirty collars almost as respon-

sible for sore shoulders as ill-fitting ones,

and I always see to it that the face of

the collar. (the part next to the shoulder),

is kept clean of dirt and other accumu—





lations. In the early spring the horses”

shoulders are covered with long hair

which becomes matted with sweat and





dirt and scales from the skin. This I

keep removed by uSing a little Warm

water and soap Occasionally, followed

with a good brush. As soon as spring

has advanced enough for them to begin

to shed I clip the hair off the shoulders

and use the brush regularly three times

each day.



I give thewollar a good cleaning each

night by using a, little water and harness

soap, occasionally followed with a, bit of

oil. This not only keeps the collar clean,

but renders the leather soft and durable.

I have noticed the horse collars used by

farmers who complain of their horses

having sore shoulders, and have almost

invariably found dirty, poor fitting col-

lars or pads. Some teamsters think the

only cleaning a collar needs is to rake off

the dirty accumulations with a knife

blade or piece of tin. This is not the

proper way to clean since it leaves a

rough surface and often injures the

leather. ‘



Another precaution I use in regard to

the young horse is to not allow him to do

a full day’s work until he gets used to

his job, and also until he ceases to fret.

Jerking a horse into and out of the fur-

row, permitting him to work with his

head to one side, or throw his head up

and down, are good means to develop

sore shoulders. After the collar is re-

moved from the colt I find it a. good plan

to sponge his shoulders with pure, cold

water. If I have a little tannic acid at

hand I sometimes add a small bit to the

water before sponging. The acid seems

to help toughen the skin.



Texas. A. M. LATHAM.





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





Hogs have sold recently in Chicago at

the lowest prices recorded in several

weeks, the cause in great part being the

uncertain eastern shipping demand for

the better class of light and medium

weights. although a wide—spread impres-

sion that the months of May and June

would see much larger receipts in the

leading markets of the country was a





powerful factor in the recent rapid de-

clines. As is usual at times when the

market is headed in a downward direc-





tion, the local packing fraternity took ad-

vantage of every opportunity afforded by

especially liberal offerings and a restrict--

ed shipping demand to force quick de-

clines in values, and as large numbers of

swme were carried over unsold from day

to day, this added to the existing depres-

Sion, the speculators losing on several

days a. great deal of money. These men,

who are known as “scalpers,” exist by

buying straight loads of hogs just as

they arrive and subsequently assorting

them and then selling them to the pack-

ers and others, relying on advances after

they get the hogs, but depending a good

deal on obtaining profits from the better

class of the assorted swine. Naturally,

the buSiness partakes largely of a spec-

ulative character, and it is really a good

deal of.a gamble. As profits are wholly

uncertain, such traders must obtain lib—

eral profits part of the time in order to

offset the declines and leave a fair mar-

gin of money to the good.



Several things have conspired recently

to increase shipments of cattle to mar-

ket, including an unwillingness upon the

part of numerous money lenders to renew

loans on such stock and fears of the ef-

fect of the removal of the tariff on cattle

and meats and a consequent invasion of

our markets by beef from the exporting

companies of Smith America and of cattle

from Canada and Mexico. Country bank-

ers have been pursuing a cautious policy

of late, and there are quite a number of

cases reported where they have urged

weak holders of cattle to cash in their

stock while there was a profit in sight.

The tendency always is to ship in a good

many cattle just before the time arrives

for pasturing stock, ripe beeves being

shipped out, as well as cattle that owners

think it will not pay to place on grass,

and the recent experience is by no means

out of the ordinary.



A decidedly bearish sentiment has been

developed recently in the provision mar-

ket,’ in sympathy with bearish move-

ments in the hog market.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 

 





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H l'IIll'IllJ! :5,-

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The Michigan Farm er

Bellhlished 1343.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 Con . St. West. Detroit. Michigan.

snlruoxn MAIN 4525.

New Yon]: Orrrcu—a Park Row. ‘

CHICAGO Option—600 First Nat’L Bank Buildinfi.

CLEVELAND Ornam—lOll-IOIE. Oregon Ave., N.





 





 





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE ............................ President

M. L. LAWRENCE ..................... Vice-President.

E. E. HOUGHTON.... ...................... Sen-Tress.

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DETROIT, MAY 17, 1913.





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





 





 





 





In another col—

The Alfalfa Campaign. umn will be found

. a brief account

of the alfalfa campaign conducted in Kent

county during the early days of this

month. County Agent J. H. Skinner, of

Kent county, who directed the campaign,

states that he considers it an entire suc-

cess. the attendance and interest at the

meetings throughout the county being

better than he had anticipated. At the

32 meetings held in five days there was

an attendance of something like 5,000

people, and the names of about 400 farm—

ers were secured who signified their in-

tention of sowing from one to ten acres

of alfalfa during the next 12 months.



Perhaps the strongest point in this

campaign is the system of follow-up work

which is planned in order to get personal

direction and instruction to the farmers

who are co—operating in this campaign

on their farms, which will insure a

large percentage of successful object les-

sons to other farmers throughout the

county.



Aside from Mr. Skinner and several of

his colleagues in county demonstration

work, as Well as prominent farmers and

educators mentioned in another column,

special acknowledgment should be made

of the services of Prof. P. G. Holden, in

charge of the educational work of the I.

H. C. Agricultural Extension Department,

and the staff of eight representative men

in the same work who accompanied him.

The some men also aided County Agent

C. 8. Cook, of Allegan county, in a sim-

ilarly successful campaign in that county

the following week, and will aid in sim-

lizll’ work in adjoining states and prob-

ably in more counties in Michigan during

the season.



Similar campaigns are planned in at

least three other Michigan counties, al-

though details liave not yet been fully

formulated. It is certain that Dr. Mum-

ford and the farm inzmagemcnt experts

under him in the several counties of the

state could scarcely have directed their

work along any line which would have

produced better immediate results in the

improvement of Michigan agriculture.

Such efforts are worthy of the co-opera-

tion of every farmer in the state and

every Michigan Farmer reader should at-

tend these alfalfa meetings in counties

where they are yet to be held, to the

end that this most valuable of forage

plants may be more rapidly introduced in

every county in the state, until the farm

on which it is not grown has become the

exception rather than the general rule.





A joint congressional



Co-operation for committee on federal

Good Roads. aid for the construction

of post roads. of which



Hon. Jonathan Bourne, Jr., is chairman,





,__-has been making an exhaustive investi-

1’ gation of the best method of co-operation

of the government with .the several states





-.‘..





for the censtru'ctiOn and maintenance of

good roads. A plan recently submitted

to the committee by Mr. Bourne- ls wor-

thy of mention, not alone because of its

ambitious character. but as Fwell because

of the lesson in finance which its details

hold.



This plan contemplates the apportion-

ment of a billion dollar road construction

fund among the states upon the basis of

area, population, assessed valuation and

road mileage. The plan 0f distribution is

that the several states shal’l deposit in

the United States treasury their 50—year

four per cent bonds for the amount ap-

portioned to them, the government to

loan the states the par value of such

bonds for the purpose of road construc-

tion. The government funds for the pur-

pose are to be raised by the sale of 50-

year three per cent government bonds.

The plan further contemplates the credit-

ing of each state every year with the

excess of the one per cent interest paid

by the state over the interest which the

government pays upon its bonds, together

with three per cent interest compounded

annually on the excess of the one per

cent. By this means a sinking fund

would be established from which the gov-

ernment would pay off the bonds at the

end of 50 years and the states be re-

lieved of the payment of the principal of

their bonds deposited with the govern—

ment. Further provisions of the plan

provide for the maintenance of roads, the

government to pay to each state annually

for road maintenance an amount equal

to two per cent of the amount of the

bonds on, deposit, provided the states ex-

pend a like amount for the same purpose.



Under the plan there would be constant

co—operation between the states and the

federal government. without placing the

states under the control of any federal

bureau or department in the execution

of the work. It also contains a sugges—

tion for the establishment of a. national

school for highway and bridge engineer-

ing to educate trained specialists as a

means of supplying competent state and

district engineers where needed.



VWiether or not the plan is adopted it

contains a lesson in finance as above sug-

gested, which holds just as great possi-

bilities along other lines. The same prin-

ciple applied to the establishment of co-

operative rural credit would hold a large

measure of the. same possibilities as this

plan of financing a scheme for govern-

ment aid in road building, provided a

feasible plan could be worked out which

would be adopted to our modern Ameri-

can conditions.





The American com-

Co-operation and mission now on its

Sentiment. way to Europe to study

co-operation as exem-

plified by the farmers of Europe, partic-

ularly in relation to co-operntive agricul-

tural credit has an important task be-

fore' it. Aside from the federal com-

missioners appointed by the President,

whose names were given in a recent is-

sue of the Michigan Farmer, there are

nearly 100 delegates, chosen for their fit-

ness for the task which confronts this

commission, coming from every section

of the country, many of them represent-

ing states or organization interests in this

proposition. The first task of the com-

mission will be to investigate the details

of different plans of co-operative credit

which have been successfully established

in European countries.



Since efficient capitalization is the first

step toward, improved agriculture this is

a fortunate line of inquiry and it is great-

ly to be hoped that the two objects

sought may be attained as a result of

this investigation, viz., first, to effect a

saving to farmers by reducing interest

rates on needed loans. and, second, to

better the terms and increase the avail-

ability of loans. It is certain. however,

that the accomplishment of this result

cannot be attained alone through the

three months of investigation pursued by

this commission.

backed up by a public sentiment embrac-

ing a. considerable percentage of the 12,-

000,000 farmers in the United States.



After all, the success or failure of this

enterprise'which has been under discus-

sion for more than two years will depend

upon the attitude of individual farmers

throughout the United States. Unques-

tionably much in the way of educational

benefit will result from this investigation

on which the American commission has

just set forth, but there is really little

that this body of efficient men can do

other than to advise with regard to th

application of the experience of European

farmers along this line to American con-

ditions. Permanent organized work will

be required to bring about the desired





T- HE MI C H I'"G.,A N‘ FAR M ER





Their efforts must be L





   





result and the. coeoperé'tlon“ oi! the farm,-

ers themselves will be most essential to,

this end. - _ ° .



With proper interest and support from

the great body of American'farmers the

development of public sentiment along

this line is bound to be rapid-and results

most gratifying in their benefit to the

agricultural industry of the United States.

With a start made in co—operation along

these lines it will be but a step further

to organize suitable marketing associa-

tions to conserve the interests of the

producer to a reasonable degree. Unques-

tionably the greatest good to the great-





est number demands the greatest efii-'





ciency in production upon the farms of

this country, and yet that efficiency

should not be penalized. as under pres-

ent conditions, by making a large crop

less valuable than a short crop, as is il—

lustrated in that staple product of Mich-

igan, the potato crop, this year, and as

was illustrated in the southern cotton

crop last year.



Vi'e hope and believe that this semi-

official investigation of European co-op-

eration may be the first step toward the

solution of these problems in our agri-

culture, and to that end we bespeak for

the work of this commissiOn and the ear-





nest work which must follow before these,





ends are realized, the e:irnest thought

and attention of e'Very Michigan Farmer

reader. '



Mothers’ Day is an in-

Mothers' Day. stitution which had its



inception some years ago

in the state of Pennsylvania. Gradually

the sentiment has spread until now it is

a day quite commonly observed in many

states in the Union. Former Gov. Os-

born was the first to designate a date

to be known as Mothers’ Day in Michi-

gan. Following the precedent, Gov. Fer-

ris has issued the following proclamation:



Never did the word mother have a

broader and deeper meaning than it has

today. The welfare of the world is re-

lated to motherhood. Would that the

mothers of our sons and daughters fully

realized the power they wield. Through

the double standard of virtue established

by man long ages ago, mothers have un-

consciously granted their sons license to

disregard the sanctity of womanhood.

“"hen mothers shall insist upon as clean

men fOr husbands of their daughters as

they now insist upon clean daughters for

wives of their sons. 3 new era will have

dawned in which the social evil and the

white slave traffic will have largely dis-

appeared from our fair land. The highest

type of woman is the mother. The word

mother thrills the heart with joy and

gratitude, and gives to memory priceless

treasures.



Therefore, I, “'oodbridge N. Ferris, ask

that the people of Michigan set apart the

third Sunday in May (the 18th) as Moth-

ers’ Day. As far as possible, let parents

in their homes and both young and old

in public meetings discuss the theme of

Mother with that enthusiasm and sin-

cerity which should characterize all loyal

Americans.



The fitting sentiment of the occasion is

so well expressed in the above proclama-

tion that further comment is unneces-

sary. ,VVe bespeak an appropriate ob-

servance of Mothers' Dayby the great

family of Michigan Farmer readers.





 





ALFALFA CAMPAIGN IN KENT

COUNTY.





 





The gospel of alfalfa for every farm in

Kent county has been preached in each

one of the 24 townships, during the first

week of May, with great success. Kent

has had the honor of putting on the first

national alfalfa campaign ever undertak-

en and was aided by perfect weather. ex-

cellent roads for the motor cars and by

enthusiastic greetings of men, women

and school children everywhere. About

40 meetings were held, the time allotted

for each one averaging about an hour.

Kent has fully 200 acres of alfalfa al-

ready and as a result of this campaign.

it is estimated that the acreage will be

multiplied by ten within a year.



The campaign opened with a dinner

meeting Monday night in Grand Rapids

and inspiriting talks Were given by J. H.

Skinner, in charge of farm demonstration

work in Kent, C. E. Bassett, of Fenn-

ville, secretary of the state horticultural

society, President Snyder, of the ~M. A.

C.; Eben Mumford, director of farm bu-

reaus for the state, ‘H. R. Pattengill and

. L. Wright, of Lansing, educators of

state-wide fame, J. C. Ketcham, master

of the State Grange. Senator McNaugh-

ton, R. D. Graham. member of the state

board of agriculture, and last, but not

least, Prof. Perry G. Holden, the far-

famed Iowa corn expert, who is leader

now in agricultural extension work in the

middle west.



Next morning ten big motor cars load-

ed with alfalfa boosters, accompanied by

a motor truck loaded with alfalfa litera-

ture for distribution, also free packets of

alfalfa seed, left Grand Rapids on a long

tour through the county, which did not

end until Saturday night. J. H. Skinner

was leader and opened the meetings with

concise directions on alfalfa culture. Prof.

Holden folIOWed him and expressed his

pleasure on being able toreturn to his

native state and open a; ’movem'ent that

is bound. .to spread throughout the states.

It was shown that alfalfa is a. profitable

crap; that it increases. farm values and





.corn ration, was pointed out.





' f“‘ in: @1913. .





 





excels every other crap in the yield per.





acre... Its value as 'a drouth resister, as

a soil enricher and as a balance for the

Experi-

ments show that profits from the crop in

Wisconsin were $31 penacre. as compar-

ed wlth $14 per acre for timothy or clo-

ver. Alfalfa is rich in digestible protein

and is equal to bran for milk production.

Bran costs, $21 per ton, alfalfa hay $5.15.

Alfalfa balances the corn ration for pigs

and makes cheap pork and cheap beef.

There were usually short talks given

by other Speakers, while at the evening

indoor meetings, with an increased at-

tendance, a. longer program was given.

As an example of what one man is doing

it was learned that H. Morley of the north-

ern part of the county, has 40 acres of

alfalfa. and will put in 40 acres more in

June. He says he will keep at it until

he has 120 acres of alfalfa. and judging

from results with the first 40 acres he

will receive a net income of $6,000 per

year from .the 120 acres.

Kent Co.





HAPPET‘HNGS OF THE WEEK. '





National.





The city of Cleveland is suffering from

an‘epidemic of typhoid fever, which is

believed to be the result of the big floods

of early spring, when the Cuyahoga river

went outside its banks and swept con-

taminated water far out into Lake Erie.



President Wilson is appealing to Gov-

ernor Johnson, of California, to hold the

alien-land bill, recently passed by the

Legislature of that state and now before

the Governor for his signature, until

matters can be diplomatically considered

between this country and Japan to the

end that evils may be corrected in a way

that will be less likely to bring the two

nations into unfriendly relations.



One person was. killed and three in-

jured when a Saginaw & Flint Limited

car hit an automobile at a crossing at

Clio last Sunday.



Street car men in Cincinnati are out on

strike, with the result that the city is

commercially at a standstill.

tempt was made Sunday to man the cars

with strike breakers but this failed and

resulted in several riots. It is expected

that the strike will be extended unless

the demands of the men are met.



The naval board is planning for the

construction of a. 40,000-t0n battleship and

will ask Congress to appropriate $20,000,-

000 for the' purpose. .



Railroad conductors -are holding their

national convention in Detroit this week

Fully 2,500 delegates had arrived by Sun-

day and? that many more were expected

by the opening of the sessions Monday.



A fire in a candy plant at Kalamazoo

damaged property to the extent of $75.-

000 on May 11. ‘



The city of Monroe, Mich., has planned

-to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the

battle and massacre at the River Raisin.

The date has been set for June 18.



COngressman H. 01in Young has re-

signed as representative of the twelfth

congressional district of Michigan. Al-

though the board of canvassers, in com-

pliance with the election law, granted

Mr. Young a certificate of election, the

returns would have given the seat to his

opponet, Mr. McDonald, but for the mis~

printing of the latter‘s name on ballots

in certain precincts. These votes being

counted out gave the election to Mr.

Young, who now resigns; The action to

be taken with regard to the representa-

tion of the twelfth district is a question.





A. GRIFFEN.





- It is possible that a, special election will





be held. .



For the first time since the Civil War

the four great divisions of the Presbyte-

rian Church of the United States will

convene at Atlanta, Ga. Five thousand

delegates are expected to be present.



The conference of republican senators

and leaders is being held in the city of

Chicago for deciding on the program

looking toward the rehabilitation of the

party. Senator Sherman, of Illinois', pre-

sided over the meeting.



George Shippey, at one time a promi-

nent lumberman of Muskegon, died in

Los Angeles, May 12



‘Lansing is bringing suit against the

Michigan Power Company to permanent-

ly enjoin that corporation from contract-

ing with its citizens to furnish electricity

for light. The city has a municipal plant

and since it is giving excellent service

and returning to the city coffers subtan-

tial dividends, the officials are anxious to

give it a clear field and therefore hope to

refuse the Power Company the right to

do business.



The National Association of Manufac-

turers will hold its annual convention in

Detroit May 19-21 inclusive. This organ-

ization is composed of 4,000 of the lead-

ing firms of the country. Industrial, po-

litical and economical questions will be

considered at the sessions.





Foreign. .





A typhoon struck the Philippine Islands‘





on May 12, causing many deaths and

wrecking several small steamers and nu-

merous other craft. The known fatalities

total 58, but it is believed that later re-

ports will greatly increase the death list.

lNot Americans are known to have been

0s .



Five persons were killed and five oth-

ers seriously injured by an explosion in

a fireworks factory at Rome, Italy, where

laborers were working overtime on sig-

nal rockets to be used by the Italian war

department.



A collision between two Bulgarian mil-

itary trains resulted in 100 persons being

killed and 300 injured.



The international tribunal for the ar-

bitration of private outstanding claims

betwaen United States and Great Britain

will hold its first meeting- in Washing-

ton, Tuesday. The claims to beradjudf-

outed "are of ‘a private "nature. Thin is

the first attempt to Settle snob com-

plaints since:1853. The American claims

assregate





.x__





- rm '





An at- _





84.380.000 and th, Br

claims, $2.ii§6‘.000.k;_; ‘; . ,1. .e, itish
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





PUBL! _ ‘





EfirQQ/If

,5 H L. D WEEKLY





\

-





 





 





 





ection ‘





 





‘Ihe FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC (ma

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





First American Slaver Convicted as a Pirate.





By CLARA NEWHALL FOGG.





one hears of the buried treasure of



Captain Kidd, king of pirates. As

the old men, in the twilight time of life,

gather on the shore and tell strange

stories of the past, they also whisper,

with bated breath, of the slaver, Captain

Na-t Gordon, of Portland, and his tragic

history.



Nat Gordon was a Maine man born in

Portland. Down on York street his home

still stands, one of the older Portland

residences, built in 1740 by the father of

the slaver captain. Three stories high, it

was one of the largest square-roofed

houses of its day and, when built, was

called one of the finest in the city. It

has three chimneys, and the roof pitches

four ways, running to a point at the top.

McLellan was the architect, a man who

built many of Portland’s old-time home-

steads. First owned by the Gordons, the

house became the property of Thomas

Fagan in 1879 and now belongs to J. R.

Libby.



\Vith its deep fireplaces, its richly carv-

ed mantels of rosewood and mahogany,

and its fine finish, the house is a very

good type of colonial style. All the hinges

and bolts on the doors are of rolled gold

plate—not a mere wash, but genuine gold.

A finely carved piece of





3 LL along the New England coast





er, tried and convicted under the law of

1823 as a pirate—the first slave trader

convicted of piracy in America.



Even before this there had been strange

tales of the popular captain brought back

from the Indies by ships’ crews, home-

ward bound; of picture5que isles far out

in mid—ocean, where pirates landed now

and again to divide their treasure; where

slavers sometimes plashed their oars

through shallow waters to the shore. In

those times there was easy interchange

of trade to suit the exigencies of the case,

and the slaver made brave showing with

his more rapacious brethren for his share

of the booty looted from some foreign-

bound ship of commerce. No absolute

proof of such a. circumstance in Captain

Nat’s career has come down th‘rough the

years, but there are stories of rich silks

and jewels, of gold cups and vases found

in the house on York street.



It was in the summer seaSOn of 1860

that Captain Nat took the Erie to Hav-

ana and completed an outfit for the slave

trade that he had bought in New York.

The three slave voyages made by him

had proved remarkable in the way of





Then came the punishment of Captain

Nat Gordon. Under the law of 1820, he

would be condemned as a pirate, and this

turned out a, matter of difficult adjust-

ment. To understand this law one must

try to realize the conditions which pre-

vailed at that period when the privateers

made frequent attacks on unarmed mer-

chant vessels. This was the time when

West India waters swarmed with pirates

and slavers; and, when it suited them,

it was an easy matter for the slaver to

turn pirate and the pirate,.s1aver. Such

a state of affairs caused the passage of

the bill that became the act of 1820.



The sections of this act pertaining to

the slave trade Show how the nation felt

at that time in regard to the abominable

traffic. The bill became an act on May

5, 1820, and on May 12 a resolution pass-

ed the HOUSe “That the President of the

United States be requested to negotiate

with all the Governments where Ministers

of the United States are or shall be ac-

credited, on the means of effecting an en-

tire and immediate abolition of the slave

trade.”



The law was limited to a period of two





on and as at' Gordon’s first trial he had

secured a, disagreement of the jury, ac-

cording to all the laws of precedent he

was almost certain to go free again. So

the‘people read the war neWs and there

were few spectators in the court room.

It was on November 8, of a Friday even-

ing, when Judge Nelson deliVered his

charge and at seven o’clock the jury re-

tired. After being out but twenty min-

utes they came back with the verdict,

“Guilty.”



Captain Nat was apparently unmoved.

There was no scene in the court room,

and the few people present accepted the

verdict in matter-of—fact fashion. It did

not dawn on them that they had assisted

in the making of history. But next day,

after the verdict appeared in the papers,

New York redeemed her attitude of in-

difference. Motions for a new trial Were

denied, and when, on a Saturday morn-

ing, November 30, Captain Nat Gordon

stood up and heard his sentence, the

court room was packed with people who

crowded to see the first American slaver

Convicted as a pirate.



(‘aptain Nat took his sentence calmly

and, when the usual question was put,

stated that he had nothing whatever to

say. Judge Nelson ordered that the slav-

er be executed “between the

hours of noon and three in





 





workmanship was the par-

lor mantel, and Thomas

Fagan gave it to a citizen

prominent in Portland his-

rtory. Later the brass knock-

er was presented to the

same man. All the finish of

the house, the hand rails,

runs of the stairways and

the balustradcs were of

carved mahogany.



The blackest period of the

country's history was that

of the American slave trade,

and the dreadful ate of

Captain Nathaniel Gordon

marked the beginning of'the

end of the infamous traffic.



Ithn Nat Gordon was a.

young fellow at his Port-

land home he heard much

of the slave trade, of the

adventurous life of the slav-

er, of the mystery of the

barracoon; and it is prob—

able that the romance of

the tale wrought on his

youthful imagination long

before he understood its

commercial value.



The horrors of the slave

ship, the tragedy of the

middle passage, Were not

then known to the boy who

lived in the square—roofed

house on York street. A

companionahle lad of likable ways and

much charm of personality, young Gordon

was even then a leader. Quick to learn,

he was a keen observer, and as he grew

older he realized that no trade paid larg—

er returns on its investments than that





- of the slaver.





From the time the unnamed Dutch

trader of 1619 sailed up the river to

Jamestown with a cargo of slaves on

board, to the days of Abraham Lincoln

and the suppression of the nefarious traf-

fic, the slave trade was a disgrace to the

c0untry. But older and wiser men than

Na't Gordon did not hesitate to share the

profits of the business and he followed

the example of men even better born

than himself.



JuSt how Nat Gordon became a slaver

is not known, but it is probable that

while pursuing a. legitimate business as

commander of a ship, he fell in with men

who'had amassed wealth in the unlawful

traffic. Young and ambitious, he grew





,every year more covetous, and it was





after his third voyage as commander of

the Erie that he was captured as a slav-





*.

a

r





 





the afternoon of February

7, 1862, hanged by the neck

until dear.”



Nat Gordon’s friends made

the greatest efforts to save

him. When, on February 7,

news came of a two weeks’

respite by the President, it

was thought he had com-

muted the sentence, but

I\IarShal Murray undeceived

Gordon as In: this. telling

him there was absolutely no

hope. 0n the last (lay of

his life one if his lawyers

sent word that the governor

of the state had sent an ap-

peal to the l’reSidcnt, and

requested that the execu-

tion be defined until the

answer came. Marshal

hiurrax told him it had been

al‘l‘angul with the President

that no telegram I'ioin any

source should intaricrc with

the demands of justice.



The morning of the. exe-

cution dawned, a. clear, cold

February day. There had

been whispers of a mob that

had vowed to break into jail

and rescue the prisoner. It





 





 





profit, and he was anxious for another.



He sailed forty-five miles up the Congo

into the interior, where he discharged a

cargo of liquor; then he made the Erie

ready for her return voyage with the

cargo of slaves which he took on board

near the mouth of the river. This was

the seventh day of August; the slaves

were packed ’tween decks and Captain

Nat sailed for Cuba. Eight hundred and

ninety slaves he t00k with him, and of

these only 172 were men; 106 were women

and the rest were boys and girls.‘ It was

easier to carry children, and safer.



The Erie, sailing with her dreadful car-

go, was seen and captured by the Mo-

hican, United States warship. The slaves

were taken to Liberia, and Gordon and

his ill-fated vessel brought to New York

for trial.



As the ship had been taken with the

slaves on board, the evidence was plain

and she was condemned and sold at auc-

tion in October of that same year. Al-

though she measured but 500 tons, she

brought $7,823.25, showing that she was

a staunchly built ship. ‘*





 





A Mansion of Nearly Two Centuries Ago—The Home of the Slave Trader, Captain Nat Gord'on.





years but was made perpetual on the

30th of January, 1823.

Tried and Condemned as Slaver.



Captain Nat Gordon was condemned

but he had powerful friends who worked

strenuously in his behalf, and when the

case first came up there was a. mis-trial.

Later, a new administration came in

power and a new district attorney, E.

Delafield Smith, was in office, a man who

never compromised by juggling with the

law. Gordon’s second trial was Novem—

ber 6, 1861. Ex-Judge Dean and P. J.

Joachimson, both men experienced in

cases of this nature, defended him. Judge

Nelson presided. A jury was obtained in

two hours.



As was customary at that time when

the captain of a slaver was arrested, the

plea was that Gordon was a passenger.

The slave captains, ever in danger of ar-

rest, always took with them on their voy-

ages some foreigner, and when their ves-

sels were boarded by alien ships, they

turned the command over to this man.



At first people failed to take much in-

terest in the trial. The Civil War was





Was a stormy time in the

nation’s history, and before

that negroes had been hang-

‘cd to lamp posts by New York mobs. But

the Government was prepared. It was

resolved that Gordon should die. that no

mob should free him. Early that morn-

ing, just after the midnight hour rang

out, a guard of eighty marines marched

from the navy yard to the city prison.

Entering the yard they loaded their

muskets with ball cartridges and fixed

their bayonets. The groups of men lin-

gering in the neighborhood of the prison

slunk away; there was no attempt to

rescue by mob.



Not until that morning did Captain Nat

give up hopes of pardon. Friends had

conveyed, secretly, to him a. dose of

strychnine and this he managed to swal-

low unobserved by the guards. But he

was not to escape the shame of the gal-

lows. The doctors saved him and he was

conscious when led from his cell. Just

before the noon hour the marshal came

and read the death warrant, asking the

prisoner if he had anything to say. In

a firm voice Gordon made this remark-

able speech:





“My conscience is clear. I have no





 





 





’Ji
mi





590j~10





fault to find with the treatment if have

received from the marshal and his dep-

uty, but any public man who will get up

in open court andsay to the jury, ‘If you





Iconvict this prisoner I will be the first





man to sign a, petition for his pardon.’

and will then go to the Executive to pre-

vent his commuting the sentence, is a

man who will do anything to promote his

own ends, I do not care what people may

say."



II 0 1'





Made in the shadow of the gallows





though 413 ~was‘, this speech was 4mm.

for when the stenographic report of the

trial was read carefully it was found





that the, district attorney’s words con-





tained nothing to confirm Gordon’s state-

ment. One learns, from the record of the





hanging that has come down through the.





years, that Gordon went to the gallows

pale with terror, his head hung over his

shoulder, and had to be supported as he

stood. under the fatal beam. Thus he

went into eternity, a black lie the last

words from his lips.





.llllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIHIIIIllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIHIIHHHNHHIlllllll|l[Il|||llllllllllllllllllllllll||Hlll[IHIllHIIIIIIHHIHHIIHIHHllllllllllllllllllllll|ll|Ill|HlIllllHIllilllilllllllllllllllll





Merle Dunsmore’s Sacrifice.





By PEARLE WHITE M’COWAN.





The great convention hall was packed

to its utmost. Men stood on tiptoes in

the halls and craned their necks to catch

a. glimpse of the fair young singer, whose

tender rendition of the old hymn was

Winning their hearts.



With rare insight for one so young.

.she has instinctively known that men still

love the old songs best, and as her liquid

warbling voice trailed out in,



“Saviour thy dying love, Thou gayest me,



Nor should I aught withhold, Dear Lord,

from Thee,”



men held their breath for very fear of



losing one single note of the sweet old



tune.



Merle Dunsmore was not a great sing-

er. She was one of those who know their

limitations and do not aspire to fame.

But unto her it had been given to touch

men's hearts by the simple gift of hymn

singing. And now, thrilled by the enthu-

siasm of hundreds, and by the sight of

the little blue and gold badges scattered

all over the room, and the uplift of in-

spiring Words and sermons, she sang with

an abandon and joy that captivated all

her hearers.





The song finished, Merle’s face still

glowed with exultation and ‘happiness.

Adulation is very sweet to the young,





and it would have needed one far less

acute than she not to have read the si-

lent aum‘oval in the upturned faces of

that vast audience.



More than this, she counted herself a

lucky girl just to be able to be here. It

had taken considerable management and

some sacrifice. but the result was proving

well worth the price. Already she felt

repaid for the efforts put forth and all

the former self denial. The whole con-

vention had been a glorious treat, each

session an uplift, and the best was still

to come.



01] this, the last evening, Madame L—,

famed the world over for her wonderful

vocal talents, had consented to grace the





occasion with her presence, and two

solos. It was for this that Merle had

really come. For years Madame L—





had been her idol in the musical world.

Almost all her life she had longed to hear

that great prima donna, and this was

her opportunity—her dream was about to

be fulfilled. It was almost too good to

be true.



But listen, the chairman is speaking.

“\\'e have already arranged for two over—

flow meetings tonight, but word has just

‘Come to us that down on \‘l'ater street

there is a little mission that has been

kept open ever since its foundation, five

years ago, Its laborers have missed many

a good thing bLt‘aUSe they felt it their

duty to be there. Can we not send a

delegation clown there tonight from this

great convention, to take charge of their

little meeting, and leave, those workers

free this once to come and take advan—

tage of the uplift and inspiration that

they will receive hero? \Vc'd like about

two speakers. “'lio’ll be the ones to

volunteer?”



A moment of silence, and then the one

who had made the principal address of

the afternoon arose. “I'll go,” he said

simply, and the audience, spurred by re-

ligious fervor, clapped. Anlother mo-

ment, and a young man over in a corner

arose. He, too. would go, and again

there was applause.



Then the chairman made another re-

quest. “VVho will go and sing for

them?" and Merle felt a sudden tighten-

ing of her throat strings. \Vho. would do

that? What singer could be induced to

leave Convention Hall that night when

there was such a musical treat in store?



She looked around over the vast con-

course of faces. No one volunteered. The

seconds ticked themselves ofi—and still

no one offered to go. A full minute rolled

away into space. “Perhaps they can get

along without a singer,” began the chair-

man doubtfully, and then—Merle arose.





She felt her companion's detaining hand

upon her skirt. She was aware of keen

disappointment. And yet she arose. A

sure consciousness that this was her “of-

fering” which she had no right to with-

hold, was thundering itself into her very

being. The applause of the people meant

very little to her now. She could have

cried in vexation and disappointment. Yet

she knew that she must go.





The meeting over, the reproaches of

her comrades, who knew What she had

sacrificed to come, and how it meant the

abandoning of her long cherished and al-

most fulfilled dream, rallied her senses

and brought her to an unyielding defense

of her act. When they suggested that

there was still time to change, she met

them with firmness. Already the sensa-

tion of well doing was making itself felt

in her heart.



That night a little group picked its way

gingerly through the slime and mud of

“'ater street and made its way toward

the mission. There were the two speak-

ers, Merle, and an older lady of her own

party who, seeing the girl's persistence,

and not being quite willing to let her go

to such a place merely under the protec-

tion of two strangers, had volunteered to

chaperon her.



Chance remarks showed that some of

the party were still more or less disap-

pointed at missing the evening session of

the convention. Nevertheless they were

all determined to make this little service

in “'ater Street Mission one to be re-

membered.





then they reached the doors

found the place already crowded. News

of the expected coming of some “big

bugs" (in “'ater street parlance) had

quickly sped and drawn an unusual at-

tendance.



From the first the meeting was a suc-

cess. The enthusiasm of the big conven-

tion had spread even to this little out of

the way mission. The congregation sang

with all the gusto and lustiness of the

illiterate. The afternoon convention

speaker outdid himself in forceful, logical

statements that carried conviction and

weight. The young man followed with

pleadings and entreaties that brought

strOng men to the altar. And then Merle

sang—another of those old sweet songs

that everybody loves. A newer hymn

would have failed to reach Vt'ater street

hearts that night, but “There “Vere Nine-

ty and Nine" brought tears to many an

eye.



Clear on through the whole five verses,

ringing in the pathos, and the glad cry

“Rejoice I have found my sheep!



And the angels echoed round the throne

Rejoice, for the Lord brings backrhis own.”





they





Merle sang and, singing, failed to note

the eager eyes, back in a corner of the

poorly lighted room, which hungrily de-

voured each Word and tone and 100k.

She could not know how one young

man’s heart was touched to the breaking

point. How the old hymn, sung by this

fair—faced singer, brought back a flood

of memories that hurt and lashed and

softened a heart made harsh by criticism

and blame and a too intimate contact

with an unkind world, until he yearned

with a great yearning for the home and

love that he had spurned. It brought

back memories of a mother tenderly

pleading, with tears in her eyes, for him

to mend his ways; and of a father, justly

angry, and unforgiving. and a little fair-

haired sister who had loved and clung to

him despite his wild and headstrong ways.

And he had rejected it all. “Sold his

birthright for a mess of pottage,” and he

Would have given his life, and all its un-

alluring prospects, to have been back

there basking in the love of home and

dear ones just for one little day, Bitteriy.

he upbraided himself, as he had done

many times before, finally resolving to

begin that night to make a man of hung





T H E Mic H I out * FA RM E R~_~>





mu, worthy once more *sto‘onter his, nth-

.er’s door.



But he did not go to the altar. Instead

he slipped out just as they were singing

the last hymn. He did not dare trust

himself to stay longer. Slipped out and

started for his barren little room a few

blocks away, determined not to give way

to the longing that possessed him. But

before he had reached his rooming house,

that dominating yearning in his heart

overpowered him, and he turned back.



A few moments later the little delega-

tion from the convention, flushed with

the Success of the meeting, was wending

its way cityward. Merle and her com-

panion, lagging a little way behind the

'two gentlemen, heard footsteps rapidly

approaching. Turning aside a. bit for the

hurrying pedestrian to pass, they were

surprised and half affrighted when he

wheeled about abruptly and faced them.



The older woman, annoyed and sus-

picious, would haVe ignored the strang~

er's outstretched hand and hurried Merle

along to join their escorts, walking on





ahead, engrossed in their own, conversa-'





tion, and as yet unaware of their com-

panions’ detention, had not something in

the quality of his speech made her pause.



“Don’t you know me?" he asked, ad-

dressing Merle. "Don’t—~you—know—me?"

and his voice was husky and full of feel-

ing. And then suddenly Merle gave a

glad cry, and breaking from her com-

panion’s restraining hold she clasped his

hand in both of hers and leaned eagerly

toward him. “It’s Ben.” she breathed

exultantly. “Oh, Ben!’My Brother Ben,”

while the quick tears Streamed down both

their cheeks. “Is it—ecan it be—you—

really you?" giving him a, glad little

shake to assure herself.



“Yes, Merle—it’s me,” he answered

brokenly. “I didn’t intend to make my-

self known to you. But I couldn't help

it.. I, just couldn‘t help it. I wanted—to

hear—" his voice breaking, “About all of

us,” she finished for him softly, “and so

you shall." ,



And when he would have drawn away,





 





MY '17,- m.





pleading his worthiness, she meager»

him and drew. him along with them; in-

troducing him to her‘ companions, too

truthfully glad at the unlocked-for reun-

ion to be annoyed by his poverty-stricken

appearance, all the time pouring out her

story of the loved ones at home; of the

father who had long since forgiven, and

the mother whose heart was breaking for

the return of her son, finally adding

thereto the tale of her own Borrowing, his

little fair-haired sister who loved him in

spite of_his wild ways. “And only think,”

she exulted, “‘I'd never have found you

at all if I hadn’t gone down to that little

mission. Oh. but I’m glad—glad,” squeez-

ing his arm joyously; And her-brother.

wholly repentant, .and truly humbled by

the unlocked-for tenderness of her recep-

tion, bowed his head and inwardly prayed,

"God make me worthy.”



"And you are going home with me,”

she planned, when their companions had

considerately withdrawn themselves a lit-

tle way. “Yes. you are,” and when he de-

murred and pleaded that he must first

“make good,” she still urged, “you must

come home first. Mother has waited long





enough. ’Twould break her heart if you

didn’t; come—and father—father’s not as

Well as he used to be, Ben. You can

make good afterward. We’ll all help





you, but—don’t deny them the joy of see-

ing and forgiving you now. That's the

first step.” And, catching his hesitating

downward glance at his shabby clothes,

"Never mind those,” she begged, “I have

money with me. We'll go shopping the

first thing in the morning; tonight you'll

stay at the hotel ,with me, and we’ll go

right now and ‘send a telegram to mother

and father. \V'e mustn’t keep them wait-

ing a minute longer than necessary for

such glorious news as this."



And when he had consented, and the

message had gone on its way, even the

very wires sang joyously, for though they

only carried a few simple little words,

yet they bore wonderful rejoicing to that

old home, because a son that was lost

was returning.





lllHill!IHIHHHHIIIHHHIIHIHIHIlllllHIHHIIHI!HHIHIHHHHHHIHIHHHHHHIl”HillHHIHHIHHIHHII|I!IllllllHill“IHIHIIIHHIHHHHIHHHHHHHIIHHIilllHllllHHHIHHHIIlHHHIlHilllillllIHlllll”Illlllllllllllllllllilll





PLOWING THE FIELDS FOR CORN.





BY CHARLES H. MEIERS.





They’re plowing the fields, and the smell

of earth. ‘

Turned up to the balmy air,

Makes life seem fresh and toil seem worth

Far more than a load of care.

“'hen I hear the plowman’s voice I sigh

For the place where I was born,

And I long for the peace that I knew

when I

Was plowing the fields for corn.





‘But I left the fields with their healthful

charm,

And I’ve journeyed far since then;

And I never toiled upon the farm

As I’ve toiled with a writer’s pen.

And oft when the springtime breezes

blow

I go forth in the early morn

To view the scenes that I used to know

Vi'hen plowing the fields for corn.





Though I find much joy as the years





go Y

In the life that I’m living now,

When the springtime comes I always sigh

And wish I might go and plow;

For there's peace, and health, and happi-

ness—

Three joys that no man dares Scornw

In the farmer’s life. I might worry less,

“'ere I plowing the fields for corn.





 





THE OLD FARM.





 





BY MILDRED M. NORTH.





I love the farm in springtime——

“'hen the grass grOWS green again;

“'hen each day I look and listen

For the blue-bird and the wren.





\Vhen dauntleSS pussy-willows,

In sleeping-bags of fur,



Are. calling from their lookouts

That sap is all astir.





And then the fruit trees blossom,

My longing eyes to greet,



“Vilh wealth of perfumed beauty

“'hose life is all too fleet.





I love the farm in summer—-

Its fields of new-mown hay,



The busy bees, sweet—laden,

The skies at close of day.





I love its shady forests,

And wave-rocked seas of grain,

The bright blue skies and sunshine,

The showers of welcome rain;





Its dew-gemmed early mornings,

The twilights, cool and late,

IVhen some bird, half-awakening,



Calls softly to its mate.





I love the farm in autumn——

Its leaves of red and gold,



Its tiny folks all busy , .

Preparing for the cold;





The apple trees low-laden,



, The cricket choir well hid,



And semewhere in the darkness

The hoarse—voiced katyd-id,





I love‘its days or glory.





All gold and purplehaze,

King Midas' touches showing

Doyvn all the woodland ways.





I love the farm in winter—

Shut in from all the world.



Outside the falling snowflakes

By icy winds are whirled.





I love the ring of sleighbells,

The snowy hillsides set



With hosts of flashing jewels—

King Winter's coronet.





Shut in with those who love us

We have no wish to roam.

'Tis then we prove most truly

The dearest place is home.





In green of spring or» summer,

In fiame-hued robes of fall,



Or Winter’s snowy garments,

The farm is best of all.





Lady (at the jeweler’s)—Is

mond genuine?



Jeweler—As genuine as your own hair,

madam.



Lady——Ahem—let me see

else.





this dia-





something





 





Mr, Jawback—My dear, I was one of

the first to leave.



Mrs. Jawback—Oh,

that.



Mr. Jawback—I can prove it this time.

Look out in the hall and see the beauti-

ful umbrella I brought home.





you always say





 





YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY





of getting one of the beautiful six-page

Michigan Farmer Wall Charts for only

30c, postpaid, if you send your order at

once.



It is the finest collection of charts ever

put together. Contains a map of Michi-i

gan, showing congressional districts, coun-

ties, railways, etc., the latest 1910 census

of all Michigan towns, 25 colored plates,

showing the anatomy of the horse, cow,

sheep, hog and fowls, and giving the

name and location of each organ, muscle

and bone. A treatise on each animal by

the best authorities, treatment of com-

mon diseases of farm animals, map of

the world, showing steamship lines, map

of the United States, flags of all nations,

rulers of the world, Panama canal, all

our presidents, and several other features

too numerOus to mention.



These charts have been sold mostly.

for $1.00 or $1.50. They will decorate

and instruct in any home or office. We

ofler them at' this price to quickly get.

rid of them and after our present stock

is exhausted no more can be had, Re- V

member the price is only 3.0c, while they

last. Send your name to the Michigan

Farmer, Detroit, Mich—Adv. ,





,.,. ..,
7 my” 17,1913.





LITTLE FARM EABLES.





 





BY AUNT QUILLIA-





 





Getting There.



A herd of cattle having learned that

Farmer Wiseman had thrown his mead-

ows open for the summer and had invit-

ed all stock for miles around to come in

and get free pasture, a few of them fell

to discussing their good fortune.



“While I am thankful for the privi-

lege.” concluded Shorthorns, “I can’t un-

derstand why he should have done this

thing. Not another farmer about here

would have thought of being so liberal,

though their pastures are much finer and

more numerous.”



“\Vhy, my dear greenhorn,” replied; Sir

Galloway, “It is not an act of charity at

all. He is simply doing it for his own

benefit. Wants to fertilize you know.

What is your opinion Hoofit?"





“I have neither opinions nor curiosity ~





concerning the matter," replied Hoofit.

“My. chief interest is centered on getting

there. Wouldn't give a straw for the

motive. As the bars are to be closed by

sunrise tomorrow, and those first on hand

are tlo have their pick of the lots, it

seems to me that all of us should be

thinking about getting there, and getting

there on time."



During this discussion most of the herd

had been dozing or quietly chewing t'he

cud, and soon after Shorthorns and Sir

Galloway joined them.



Hoofit fell to ruminating—in a. way—-

also. "Ge-t there,” thought he, “that is

my watchword, and get there I Will. Not

only are my own advantage and reputa-

tion at stake but the honor of my breed.

Everybody knows that I come from the

longest line of thoroughbreds in the old

country. Ambition has always been our

motto. Our family escutcheon is lost and

I have been selected to design another.

One thing is certain. ‘Get there’ will be

emblazoned upon it and stand forth in

letters that will challenge the admiration

of the world.”



So all night long while the stars circled

above him, bringing midnight, then the

wee small hours, then cock-crow, and

fin-ally the first hint of dawn, Hoofit stood

with head above the enclosure intent on

his plans of getting there.



This was in the day of the old worm

fence, and long before midnight he had

the rails displaced in order to facilitate

the final break for the highway.



When at last a cloud of dust heralded

the approach of a long line of grass-seek-

ers, with tail erect and a snort of de-

fiance, Hoofit tossed aside all remaining

obstacles and, with one bound, plunged

into the midst of the caravan.





On his way to the front he trampled on

many of the younger and weaker mem-

bers of the company, leaving them to die

of heat and thirst. broke the legs and

smashed the ribs of stronger ones, and

even gored the sides of others until the

blood ran down in deep red channels to

the ground.



At last Farmer WiSeman's premises

were reached; the bars were still down

and, with one wild leap and a snort of

victory, Hoofit landed inside of the green

Eldorado.



Selecting a retired lot through which a

clear creek ran, and believing himslf to

be the sole occupant thereof, 'he began

reviewing his success and chuckling

thereat.



Presently a serious countenance peered

at him through a clump of bushes. It

was the face of a venerable friend whom

he had long supposed dead.



“We have a choice lot indeed,” began

old Durham, “but having ‘heard your

methods of getting here I can’t say that

I congratulate myself on my company.





"Years ago I attended a state fair, and

while they were tying the blue ribbon on

me two judges fell to diSCussing a speech

they had just heard. The theme was

Success, and the speaker had closed by

quoting these words: ‘If, in getting

there, as you call it, you leave your prin-

ciples behind you, the best part of you

does not get there.’





“NOW, we are not supposed to possess

principles, but we have plenty of good

instincts and, although you are here—

hoofs, horns, and hide—that is all. The

finest part of you was left, in the race,

Do you call that getting here?"



"I’m a self-made man," said the proud

individual.



“Well, you are all right except as to

your-head," commented the listener.



“How's that?”



“The part you talk with is too big for

the part you. think with.”





 





 





 





I .dVC





' THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





J

L





w





 





 





.No-Rim-Cut Tires

10% Oversize





 





 





Our 1 l % Reduction





On April I; 1st, we reduced our

prices on No-Rim-Cut tires 1 I





per cent, on the average.





This was partly due to lower

cost of rubber, partly to multi-





plied output. -"

Rubber Prices





Cultivated rubber is becoming so

plentiful as to force down the price

of Para.





For the twelve months ending

March Blst, we paid on the average

$1.09 per pound. On March 3151:,

the price of rubber was 88 cents

per pound.





On the other hand, fabrics, in the

same time, advanced 15 per cent.

Labor cost materially advanced.





So, on tires in general, lower cost

of rubber has led to no large re-

duction.





Factory Cost





But Goodyear sales have doubled

over and over. Immense new fac-

tories have been com-





At the end of each year we ad-

vertise our profits. This is to assure

you that in Goodyear tires you get

all the value possible.





In times past this profit has aver-

aged about 8% per cent. And this

reduction, in our opinion, keeps it

that low this year.





Goodyear prices.





There will always be tires sell-

ing under Goodyears, until all learn

that lesser tires don’t pay. Tires

can be made at half the Goodyear

cost, by the use of cheap com-

positions.





Our policy is

you every cent





keep our profits down to 8V2





per cent.





Our Profits





figure.





a tire.





duction,



Under this policy, and with our standard

vast output, it will never be pos- These

sible to sell equal tires for less than ‘ 23 per ce





Cost Per Mile





tires are

clinchers





That is one reason why Good-

year tires far outsell all others.





But we shall see that you never,

in any tire, get lower cost per mile.

And that’s the only right way to





ruined in that way.

In air capacity, No-Rim -Cut





erage car, adds 25 per cent to the

tire mileage.





Yet these new-type tires, with all

their advantages, cost no more

than old-type tires without them.

That’s why hundreds of thousands





always to give

we save. To





 





 





We shall never offer, at





any price, less than the utmost in





No Extra Cost





No-Rim-Cut tires, since this re-





cost no more than any

make of. clinchers.





tires never rim-cut. And

nt of all old-type tires are





10 per cent larger than

. And that, with the av-





of motor car owners





 





pleted, with the most

modern equipment.





Our output is the

largest in the world. In

motor tires it is nearly

ten times larger than

three years ago.





It was this multiplied

output, in main part,

which justified our 11

per cent reduction.





 





GOOD





No-Rim-Cut Tires





Mt]: or Without Non-Skid Treads





 

   





ETEAR





AKRON,_0I:"Q.





 





have come to No~Rim~

Cut tires.





Your tire upkeep will

be immensely lowered

when you adopt them.

too.





 





 





 





Write for the Good-

year Tire Book—14th-

your edition. It tells all

known ways to econo-





 





mize on tires.





 





THE GOODYEAR TIRE &. RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO





More Service Stations Than Any Other Tire

We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits

Main Canadian Office. Toronto. Ont—Canadian Factory. Bowmanvillo. Ont.





Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities





(1129)





 





Ge

I4





My Big. Illustrated





phofoa raph 5





Try your buggy before you buy. Don't think of buy-

ing a buggy (or harness) until you have seen my fine.

color-illustrated catalog of Split Hickory Vehicles. '1

send you this book absolutely free of cost—and I even

pay the postage. Why? Because I know you’ll want

nothing but 3 Split Hickory Vehicle. For 12 long years

I’ve been making Split Hickory Vehicles and all told

I’ve sold 167,000 farmers the best buggy they ever rode in!

I sell only on the direct -to -you -plan—and there’s

not a single dealer or middleman’s profit that you have

to pay. I can actually save you 525 to $40. That's why

161,000 Men Have Bought Buggies From Me—

Froo Book and My Low. Fac-

tory-Direct Prices Sold Thom I!

Write Mo Today? Do It now!





T is 13.31913 Boo





Phelps





pays the Postaée—Se'nd Y’our Name





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Hickory Vehicles





Phelp





dealer could put into a





quality in carloads.

My low prices are 0

actual user.

Write for free book.





H. c. Phelps. Pros.

THE OHIO CAR-

”AGE MFG.

COMPANY





Station 32

. — Columbus. Ohio





y Don’t You





I show you more styles to .

choose from than your local





ing ten times the size of his——

and I quote you prices lower

than he would pay for the same





 





Genuine Split Hickory Ve-

hicles 30 Days’ Free Road

Test Guaranteed for I'm

Years.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





bulld- " '





nly for the
.

I





I

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i.

9

i:





 

 





 





 





592—12





 





Biggest’Thing in the

[Clock Business





Big Ben is the biggest thing today

{inthe alarm clock business. ‘

[He is only two years and a half old.

but he's already getting more work

fromjrheLStates than any clock alive,





,:I’nttwo years and a half time. 18.000

‘ewelers—70% of the total number of

JUnitedfiStates watchmakers — have

already‘adopted him. Two million

and a half families leave it to him to

call them up in the morning. Two

million and a half families use him

_all day long to tell the right time by.





He is really two good clocks in one—

'a'crackerjack of a timekeeper and a.

crackerjack of an alarm.





Big Ben stands seven inches'tall.

He is triple nickel-plated and wears .an

inner vest of steel that insures him

for life.~:- His big. bold figures and

hands are easy to read in the dim

morning light. His large. comfortable

keys almost wind themselves. He

rings five minutes :teadzly or 1672

'z'ntermz'ltently. If he is oiled every

other year. there is no telling how long

he will last.





He’s sold by 18,000 watchmakers. His

price is 152.50 anywhere in the States.

$3.00 anywhere in Canada. If you can’t

find him at your jeweler’s, a money order

mailed to Weslclnx. La Salle. Illinois. Will

send him anywhere you say. express

charges prepaid.





; BIG BEN





10 DAYS

gVnEEJlilAL





e Will ship you a

“RANGER" aicchE

on approval, freight

prepaid, to any place in

the U, S. without a cent

deposd an advance, and

allow 10 days' free trial

from the day you receive it.

If it does not suityou inevery



way and is not all or more

, _ than we claim for it and a

' . better bicycle than you can

4. get anywhere else regardless

\ ' of price, or if for any reason

..I_-—-—” whatever you do not wish to

if" keep it, ship it back to us at

our expense for freight and



you will not be onevsent culti t h



e se 9

WHEELS 1.1.1.... a...

-' bicycles direct from factory to rider at lower

prlcoa than any other house. We save you

.10 to 825 middlemen’s profit on every bicycle. Highest

grade models with Puncture—Proof tires, Imported Roller

chains. pedals. etc.. at prices no higher than cheap mail

order hie cl‘eii; also ireliable medium grade models at

unhear o ow pr ces.

in each town and district to

W ride and exhibit a. sum le

1913 “Ranger" Bicycle furnished by us. You will 0

astonished at our wonderfully low prices and the

liberal propositions and special oil‘er we give on the first

1918 sample going to your town. Write at once for our

special offer. DO NOT BUY a bicycleora pair of tires

from anyone at anypn’ce until you receiveour catalogue

and learn our low prices and liberal terms. Bicycle

Dealers. you can sell our bicycle under your own name

late at double our rices. Orders filled the day received.

cond-Hand B cycles-A limited number taken in

trade by ourChicago retail stores will beclosod out at once

at 83 to $8 each. Deacri tive bargain‘listlmailed fags.

. rear w as s. nner u ,

W Iamw.gvclometers. parts

repairs. and evergthing in the bicycle line at half

usual prices. 0 No WAIT but writotodayforour

Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a

real; fund of interesting matter and useful information.





tithing. w It It 0*.

siE'iiicé’i'éffitfi” With-n cilic'iiéo.’ in.





THE .MAJESTIC





VACUUM CLEANER

0'19 S W E E P E R





We send it on tial.‘ You are to

be the judge. Send it back at our

expense if not pleased. Will place

but one in your township at whole-

sale price to agents. Let us tell

you how to pay for one by helping

us a little. Be the first, write today.

Give name of county and town.





”‘D' L. A. BUELL,





State Agent.

HIG H LAN D,

MICHIGAN.





 





 





 

 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





25 BEAUTIFUL HIGH GRADE '0

Souvenir POST CARDS for only G

— roll cum co. wuuawxau. N-J. —





 





 





THEi-MICHIGAN'FARMER





lllliiilllllHlllllli





 





woman herself the sound of the

first robin and the glimpse of the

first crocus is inseparably bound up with

the smell of strong soapsuds, paint, var-

nism and paste. Nature sends her March

winds and April showers to sweep and

wash the old' world clean, and we, being

naturally imitative, can not help copying

her. So we make clean and fresh our

dwellings.



Most of us are going to paper one or

more rooms, and those who are not going

to paper now will want to before the

summer is over. There are certain rules

which we have read and heard so often

that we all know by heart, such as not

putting gray or blue paper in a. north

room. We have been told so often that

those rooms'which get little sunlight need

paper that suggests the sun, such as yel-

low or tan or perhaps red, while cold col-





F OR some reason best understood by





fllllllIllll|||||lllllllllllllllllllilllllllIllIllllllillllIIlllllllllllllillIlllllllllllllllllllllllIHillllllllllllllll|lllllll|||illll||llllllllllllllllllllllllllilllIllllllIIIIH|HIIIlillllmlIlillllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllillllllllll”NINE





Women and Her Needs.





_ At Home and Elsewhere. _ =

fillllllllllll||IlllIll"ll|Illl|IlllllllllllllllIll||||lllllil|||IlillIHI|||Ill|IIllll||||l||||||I|IlllllIlllllll|l||||Illlllllllllllllllllllll|||l||l|||||"ll"HillllllllllllllllIlllllllll||l||IIIIIHIIlllllllllll||IIIIlllllllllllllllllllllll”WINNIE





This Will Help You Select Your Paper.





 





leather and grass cloth for dining-rooms,

and the light papers in stripes and colo-

nial effects for bed—rooms If your cell-

ings are low, say not more than eight

and a'half feet, use a. striped paper to,

give the appearance of height. The drop

ceiling with the picture molding a. foot

'and a. half down the wall is entirely out.

The molding must go to the ceiling and

a crown or cut out border used if you

wish to be strictly up to date.



Now a crown and a cut out border are

two different things. A cut out border

is sold by the yard, the price ranging

from eight cents to 20 cents for living-

rooms, while crowns are individual de—

signs which are made to exactly fit the

design at the top of your strip of wall

paper, and cost about 15 cents apiece.

Crowns are Usually used with paneled pa-

per, While the cut out borders are good

with paneled paper or plain effects. The





 





 





33$





 





 





Cut-Out Borders





ors, such as gray and blue, belong in

sunny rooms, that we have the lesson

thoroughly learned. The paper man gave

me two or three hini's, however, which

were new to me at least, about the

sort of paper to use if we wish to show

up our furniture to the beSt advantage.

One of them is, do not use a. tan or

yellow paper in a room with your brass

bed. Light green will show off the brass

to a better advantage, while the tan or

brown will make an ideal background for

mahogany furniture. Light green is also

best for quarter—sawed oak. I suppose

if we stopped to think of the colors which

go best together we would know those

things without being told, but most of

us have the habit of picking out the pa-

per we consider pretty. or that we can

afford to buy, without regard to our fur-

niture. .

If you are. to paper, stop and consider

your room, its exposure, its height, the

color of your rug and the sort of furni-

ture. Then choose the color which will

fit. Tans and ‘yellows are very popular

this Spring for. living-rooms. imitation





 





 





 





Frame the Walls.





cut out border is used frequently at the

bottom of the room as well as at the top,

when a plain paper is used, and adds

greatly to the beauty of the room. In

putting it on at the bottom, in a small

room, it is better to stop at openings and

begin again on the other side. Some con-

tinue the border around the; sides and

across the top of windows and doors, but

this usually makes the room look over-

done. If the room is large, say 16x16 or

14x20, or some such size, it could stand

the border continued.



Occasionally a wall is paneled with a

border, or a “liner.” A liner is a. run-

ning band in a conventional design. while

borders are usually floral. When the

room is paneled, the border or liner is

simply run around the outside edge of all

four walls, not down each strip of paper

as was done for awhile in dining-rooms.



Now that plate rails are abolished, the

break in the dining-room wall is fre-

quently made with a liner. A beautiful

dining-room can be secured by using an

imitation leather for the lower part of

the wall, say five and a halt feet or six





CLEARED AWAY





Pr opor Food Put the Troubles Away.





Our own troubles always seem more

severe than any others. But when a:

man is unable to eat even a. light break-

fast, for years, without severe distress,

he has trOuble enough:



It is small wonder he likes to tell of

food which cleared away the troubles.



“I am glad of the opportunity to tell

of the good Grape-Nuts has done for

me," writes a N. H. man. “For many

Years I was unable to eat even a, light

breakfast without great suffering,



“After eating I would suddenly be

seized with an attack of colic and vom-

iting. This would be followed by head-

ache and misery that would sometimes

last a. week or more, leaving me so weak

I could hardly sit up or walk.



“Since I began to eat Grape-Nuts I

have been free from the old troubles. I

usually 'eat Grape-Nuts one or more times

a day, taking it at the beginning of the

meal. Now I can eat almost anything

I want without trouble.



"When I began to use Grape-Nuts I

was way under my usual weight, now I

weigh 30 pounds more than I ever weigh-

ed in my life, and I am glad to speak of

the food. that has worked the change."

Name given by Postum 00.. Battle Creek,

Mich. Read the little booklet, “The

Road to Wellville," in pkgs‘. “There’s a.

Reason." ,,





Ever road the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine. (rut.

and full of human intoroot. r.





We Pay For Your Help





When you have the chance to easily

make some money, won’t you take it?



It will mean money in your pocket if

we can provide your friends with our un-

usual combination insurance for non-us-

ers of alcoholic liquors. This insurance

pays an income during disability from any

kind of accident, in addition to insuring

the life for a substantial sum. Rates are

lower than usually paid for life insurance

alone. This is the only policy in exist-

ence giving special low rates to temper-

ate people. .





Here Is Our 0lier





Just send us the names of a few of

your friends who ought to have this kind

of protection and we will present the ad-

vantages of the insurance to them, with-

out using your name unless permitted.

When the policy is issued and paid for,

you will receive. a liberal commission.

That’s fair, isn’t it, and worth a few

minutes of your time to get your list in

first?



This is a case where promplness willpay. Write to-day



AMERICAN TEMPERANGE LIFE

INSURANCE ASSOCIATION





253 Broadway. Dept. 40-A. New York





1., RMDMCT TO YOU 1-

«3 PiilPlllfD Save 50o on Every Gal-



l) 1 Ion oi High Grade Paint

, Alb! i To introduce it to reader's of

vJ The Michigan Farmer we will





send you our regular $1.75

grade of





WILSON’S PREPARED PAINT 3°‘i’i‘i’s





For only $1.25 per gallon in lots of six gallons

and over. Frelfght Prepaid (East of the Mississippi.)

We are manu actiirers selling direct to the con-

sumer. Satisfaction positively guaranteed. Dre

8. ostal for information about our special trio

0 er and handsome 35 color card.





The Wilson Paint 6: Glass Co.

548 Main Street. Cincinnati, 0.





Reference—First National Bank of Norwood. Cincinnati.





 





 

   

   





 





 





 





“When the Juice is in the Apple"

MOUNT GILEAD '-’

CIDER masses





The best. most efiicient and most.

economical method of getting

the money out of that apple

crop is to s ueeze it out with

a Mount Head Cider

Press. Capacity range of

from 10 to 400 bbls. daily.

We make a press for every

purpose. Also cider evaporators.

app e-butter cookers, Vinegar gen-

erators. spraying outfits, etc.

HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. 00..

(Oldest and largest manufacturers of cider presses in the world).

131 Lincon Avenue. Mount Gilead, Ohio.





. 'Sliirleg ‘

-. President

suspenders





The adjustable back over-

come: evfelry drawback som-

men 0 0 mary auapen era.



Light. Medium or Extra

Heavy. Extra lengths for

tall :11 en. Satisfaction or

money back.



Price 50 cents. any dealer

or the factory.





the c. A. Eilnrion Mfg. Co.

flimsy. Macs.





 

 

 

 

   

 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 





” 501 Main St.





I





   





W

FLIES and mosquitoes. one of Clark’s Fly Exit. at-





 





tached to screen lets th t. ' ‘

exits. 100 0a.. 81 dos. Dr. L?%.°éllu§?a:rggurfe,t§u§





MAY 17, 1913.
I»x‘" .. s'»...





 





\





 





" an 17, 1913.





nil-7' ppm are Wra-





THE MICHI





feet from the floor, and a. Tiffany tapes- of spending your money for “depe,” take

try for the upper wall, with a liner har- it to a'competent physician and let him

monizing in color with both papers sepa- tell ‘you what is wrong with your child.





rating them. Of course, the upper part Always remember that a healthy baby is





will be lighter than the lower and the a happy one, and the reverse is equally

ceiling still lighter. These Tiffany papers true. A cross baby is not well.





are very beautiful. The pattern is indis-





I—Iousehold Edition—How can I use up

C.





tinct like the patterns in a Dresden rib— cold baked beans?-—-Mrs.





bon. They come in gray, tans, greens, in





You might make baked'bean soup.





fact, all colors. But while they are beau- Simmer the beans in boiling water ten

tiful and popular they do not give as minutes, using cup for cup. Then force

good service as a plain paper. through a strainer, add as many cups of





If you wish a green dining-room, the

imitation leather would, of course, be in

brown or russet, you will do well to

choose grass cloth for the lower portion

and Tiffany, or oatmeal, or even a plain

paper for the top. Don't choose a grape

border, though, even if the dealer does

advise it. Get a cut out floral border or

a simple liner with a Greek key or other

conventional design. Grapes were good

seven years ago, and while some dealers

are still showing them, they were worn

out long ago. .



If you are wise you will not paper your

kitchen. It will get two or three coats

of pale green or tan paint. But if you

can not paint, by all means get a glazed

paper. You can get these for 35 cents

a roll. They will not absorb steam and

moisture and can be washed like paint or

oilcloth. , ‘



The bedrooms are easily cared for.

Light colors, green, French blue or

French pink, grays or yellows, are any

of them good. Do not choose a floral de-

sign, however, but rather a stripe or cre-

tonne effect. Papers with roses and

chrysanthemums the size of cabbages

went out when out out borders came in,

as you can readily imagine the two do

not go well together. Of course, cre-

tonne papers have flowers in them, but

they are tiny posies arranged in stripes,

never sprawled all over the paper.

and blue fade, but as all paper does in

time it really makes little difference What

you choose on that account.



Nursery papers, that is, papers with

Mother Goose pictures, are out. They

had a short vogue for children’s rooms,





cooked tomatoes as you have beans, sea-

son with salt, pepper and butter, boil up

well and serve.





LETTER BOX.





 





How Shall we Read?

As we read the Michigan Farmer we





enjoy reading the Practical Science, The

Nomid System, The Labor Problem Solv-

ed, As on One Man's Farm, and Home

Queries. How shall we read? With

thought. Stop and think, we must to

reason out things. The saying, “All

things come to him who waits,” I never

did reason out, but this saying, “All

things come to him who hustles while he

waits," I have proven true.





Take, for instance, Practical Science,





as the writer tells, compare it with physi-

ology, Kellog's Laws of Health, and sim-

ilar writings. See what we can accom-

plish in good health by practicing with

thought what we read.





“Oh,” says one mother, “I have no





time." Dear mother, while you are rest-

ing think on these things. Do not wait

to get sick but practice these proven say-

ings, not only in eating and drinking but

also in dress. In the latest styles in

dress one cannot get enough clothes on

to brace against our Michigan winters.

Just think, to wear slippers in winter, is

Pink it reasonable? And our state supports

a. tuberculosis hospital. Who for? For

thOSe who transgress the laws of prac-

tical science.





There is enough reading to teach all





how to prevent, or not contract, tubercu-

losis and, if you please, many other dis-





untll it was found that the children really eases. Prevention is better than cure any





didn’t care much for them. Most chil-





dren have a few pictures of their own ing for.





time. We can get just what we are look-





If you are looking for something





fer their walls, and these never showed on health write the State Department Of





up well against the nursery paper.





 





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editorz—Slnce living where

I now do I have found a moth, different





Health at Lansing, Mich—L. F.





 





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92





pages illustrating over 700 of the season’s





from any moth I ever saw. All I ever latest styles, and devoting several pages

saw before were long ones, called feather to embroidery designs, will be sent to any





moth. These are small and round. Don’t

know if it is what is called Buffalo bug

or not. I find it everywhere, not only

where furs and flannels are, but where

there are none. In dresser drawers and

where there may be a little (lust collect-

ed. I find nothing I am sure has been

eaten by them unless once in a while a.

break in carpets is caused by them. Still

that may be from other causes. Can any—

One tell me what they are and what to

do to get rid of them?—Mrs. M. S.



Take all carpets and rugs out doors

and beat thoroughly. Then drench with

gasoline and roll tightly. Place in an

unused room and leaVe 24 hours, after

which unroll and air thoroughly. In the

meantime wash all floors and woodwork

and shoot gasoline or wood alcohol and

red pepper into all crevices. Sprinkle

burnt alum in all drawers and in book-

cases, as the moths eat the bindings off

books in some cases. Vthn you relay

your carpets and rugs put tar paper un-

der all. Keep careful watch all summer

as these moths breed rapidly in warm

weather and are almost impossible to get

rid of if they get a good start.



Household Editorz—Vl’ould you advise

putting the baby out doors to sleep?—

M. L.





By all means, in fair weather. And in

bad weather he should always sleep where

he gets plenty of freSh air. The old no-

tion that the windows must be kept dowu

and the baby constantly in an overheated

atmosphere is 21 (Museums one.



Household Editox‘:——HOW should lunch-

eon table be laid, with a cloth or doilies?

—-Mary B.





 





 





 





 





addreSS On receipt or 10 cents.





 





 





'No. ‘7651—Fancy waist, 34 to 40’bust.





Dollies are preferable for luncheon, if With or withouU loose panier and chem-

you have a pretty polished table. If the isette.





No. 7659—Single-breasted coat, 36 to 46





table is old or scarred I would use the bust. With cutaway 0,, straight fronts.





cloth.





No. 7272—Semi—princess dress for misses





- ._ and small women, 14, 16 and 18 years.

Household Editor. Would you give a With three-piece skirt, with revers and

baby soothinglsyrgp or things to quiet it high neck or Shawl collar and open neck,

and make it seep. My mother says she with long or elbow sleeVes.





always gave them to us and they didn’t





No. 7675—«Two-piece skirt for misses





kill us.——Y0ung Mother. and small women, 16 and 18 years. With

Times have Changed a great deal since or without tunic, with high or natural

your mother brought you up, and modern waist line.





thought has changed regarding soothing





No. 7236—Three-piece skirt, 22 to 32





waist. Wit‘h round or square corners at





syrups. It is DOW known that a healthy side-front, Wlth high or natural waist

infant will not be fretful and wakeful, line,





and will get all the sleep he really needs.





The above patterns will be mailed to





any address by the Fashion Department





If your baby is cross and does not sleep of the Michigan Farmer on. receipt of 10





he is not in a. nermal condition. Instead cents for each.





 





‘ 5. Va. .4; V i, '1. . 4" g...





G A N F A R M E R 13—593





 





 





 

   

 

 





   





   

 

 

 





   

   

 





 





' 1111





l





1 ‘





11.1...





 





 

 

 

 





ran. N ”1‘ ,, .1W\<\V

WWW HI " 11111111111





Preserving, a Pleasure

—with Parowax





Dip top of jars and catsup bot- that it can be chewed like food

ties in melted Parowax. Or pour or gum.





this pure paraffine directly on top . .

of contents of each jelly glass. Re- Indispensable m the





 





suit—a perfect air-tight, mould-



proof seal that keeps canned vege- Laundry -



tables, catsup, chow-chow, pre- Parowax cleans and whitens

serves and jellies indefinitely. clothes in the wash. It imparts a.





. beautiful finish to them in the

NO T1113 01‘ TOPS ,' ironing. And Parowax hasahun-

dred other household uses. No

Needed home should be without it.

Your druggist and grocer both





It is even simpler than it sounds. keep Parowax. Order it today.





It is as cheap as it is easy. No





bother with tops that will not fit. 9



Not even paper covers need be Mrs. Rorer 8



used. The direct contact of Paro- '



wax with the jelly cannot adect its Reelpe BOOk



taste or goodness. Ask our dealer for this valuable

Y





Parowax is tasteless and odor- free book by this celebrated culi-

less. It is so thoroughly harmless nary expert. Or send direct to us.





STANDARD OIL COMPANY, Chicago, Ill.





(AN INDIANA CORPORATION)





 





 





 

   





That Picnic





-—-to ensure complete success





 





   





take along a case of





 

 





I





 

 

 





 





The satisfying beverage—in field or forest;

at home or in town. As pure and whole-

some as it is temptingly good.





Delicious—Refreshing





 

   

   

 





 

   

 





o 0 At

Send Thirst-Quenching Soda

for Free Demand the Genuinc— Fountains

B 0 O k 1 C t . Refuse Substitutes. of Carbon.





51-A ated in bottles





 

 





THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, Atlanta, Ga.





Used F urne





We have exceptional values in USED FURNITURE, for sane and sensible

thrifty people who prefer used goods of good quality to shoddy goods, fresh from

tlie'factory With the wood still green and smelling of cheap varnish. Rare oppoh

tu'nitles to economize in getting the new furnishings you require, with articles that

will look better and last onger, below original manufacturing cost. Parlor Suites,

Sideboards, Beds. Chairs, Bureaus, Bookcases, Desks. Couches, Tables, Stoves,

Ranges, Ice-Boxes. Kitchen Cabinets. Rugs, Carpets. Pianos, Organs, Sewing

Machines, Chinaware and Glassware.





Everything Cleaned And Polished And

Guaranteed Absolutely Sanitary





 





   

   

 





 





Tell us what you need and we will send bargain list from which you can make

your selection. or send us cash for the price you want to pay and describe fully

what you want. .We will select the best bargain we have for the money, ship it to you

promptly, and Will absolutely and fully guarantee that it will in every way





Please You or Money Back





We buy our goods in Chicago. from people who are leaving the cit and d n't

want to Sth their furniture, people who are breaking u housekeepingyor moeing

into smaller homes, and from the mammoth storage waregouses, which have many

lots uncalled for. We buy only sound, modern, well~made goods, and clean, polish

and put them in_perfect order efore offering for sale. References: North West

State Bank. Chicago. If you need any furniture, investigate our bargains before

you buy. save money and be better pleased. for our goods have stood the test of use

and good woods improve With age, Address





PIONEER BARGAIN HOUSE





2102 North Ave. (Dept. 3) Chicago, Illinois-
~ ._ “w.""r . 3— re r. .“ —?;,~<.- -.—:-*





,_ .,.,.. ”4 .3-”





_ in; 342-1...





 





. 2 594—14





=IEIIlllIll!|IlllIlllIlllllllllIllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllfl





Markets.





Ellllllllllllllllllllllll|l|||||||l|Illlllllllllll||Illlllllll|llllllllllllll|l|||||l||llllllllllllIIIIIIIIHIHIIIIIIIIIE

GRAI NS‘ AND SEEDS.





May 14, 1913.



Wheat—Although there was a slight

decline in wheat values on Tuesday, the

market during the past six seSSlOIlS has

recovered nearly all the loss of the pre-

vious week. The trade is supported large-

ly by foreign demand, while the bears

continue to publish the excellent crop

conditions in this country. At Liverpool

the trade may be said to be slightly eas-

ier, but on the continent the demand is

still healthy and the wheat in stock and

abroad does not appear ample to satisfy

the trade until harvest time. Crop con-

ditions in Europe have slightly improved.

The bullish side is strengthened, how-

ever, by a stronger tone in India and

South America, as well as lighter offer-

ings in Manitoba. In this country. the

crop in the southern zone of the Winter

wheat section seems to be past the pe-

riod when damage from moisture and in-

sects are probable, except, of course, the

possibility of lowering the quality through

excessive rains at harvesting time. Far-

ther to the north, additional rains at thls

time would probably help the crop, al-

though no serious damage is as yet re-

ported. Probably spring wheat is suffer-

ing more than winter wheat because of

the contiiinus dry weather. The govern—

ment crop report places the condition of

the winter crop above the normal condi-

tion by 6.3 points. One year ago the lo-

cal price for No. 2 red wheat was $11834





   





 





per bu. Detroit quotations are as fol.-

lows:

No. 2 No. 1



Red. \Vliite. July. Sept.

Thursday . . . . .1.051/2 1.04 1,4,, 91 901/2

Friday . . . . . . .1.061/2 1.05 1A,; 911,; 90%,

Saturday ....1.061/2 1.051/2 911,1, 90a,

Blonday ......1.071,43 1061/; 91‘}; 91%,

Tuesday ...... 1.07 1.06 91 901/;

\Vednesday . .1.061,§ 1.051%; 901/; 90





Chicago, (May l:ll.—1\'u. 2 red wheat,

$1.05ié46ol.06%; July, 8804c; Sept., 881/20

) r bu.

1eNew York, (May 13).——No. 2 rod, $1.14

f. o. b. afloat; May, 981w; July, 9623c;

Sept, 9553c per bu, _



Corn.-—The corn trade has increased in

strength with wheat and shows an ad-

vance over the closing price of a week

ago, fully recovering the-decline of that

period. Trading would likely liaVe been

attended with greater activities were it

not for the fact that unusual weather

(onditions have favored the preparation

of the fields for planting and enabled the

farmers to rush work more rapidly than

usual. It is also anticipated that heavxer

receipts will be fortliComing soon, due to

the fact that farmers‘ work will be less

crowding immediately following corhn

planting time. The offerings at DetrOit

are small. One year ago No. 3 corn was

quoted here at 80c per bu. Local quota-

tions for the past week are:





No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellrcgw.

Thursday 56 a

Friday ...... . . . . . ....... 56 58

Saturday ..... 06 58

Monday . ...... . . . . ..... . 561A; 081/2

Tuesday ............. _ ..... 57 59

\Yednesday ............... 57 59





Chicago, (May 13).—~No. 2 corn, 561/263

57c; No. 2 white, 591,464591/2c; July, 5574c;

Sept., 56%0; 1)cc., 541/2c per bu. _



Oats.‘This cereal shows comparatively

more strength than either of the other

two major grains. Although seeding was

cOniple ted earlier than usual, dry weather

has not allowed growth to go on as rap—

idly as would have been the case had

more moisture fallen. There apptars also

to be an improvement in the demand.

One year ago standard oats were selling

at Detroit for 600 per bu. Local quota—

tions for the past week are:



No. 3





Standard. White.

Thursday ................. 381/2 37%

Friday . . . ..... . ......... 381E; 371/2

Saturday ............ 38% 371/2

)Ionday ............. 40 39

Tuesday ................ . . 40 39

XVednesday .............. 40 39





Chicago, (May lily—«No. 2 white oats,

383,40; N0. 3 do., :ltifii6ll373fgc; standard,

381,46L381/gc; July, 35340; Sept, 351,30.



Beans. There is practically nothing do-

ing on the local market in this product

and the quotations given are merely nom-

inal. They are for immediate, prompt

and May shipment, $2.05 per bu. at coun-

try points. ,



Chicago, (May 13).—No change occur-

red in bean quotations here and the mar-

ket is inactive. l’ea beans. hand-picked,

$2.35@2.40; do. choice, $2.306L2.35; do.

prime, $2.206b2.25; red kidneys, $2.50 per

bushel.



Clover Seed.~—This market was regular



and unchanged during the past week,

prime spot and alsike both being quoted

at $13.25 per bu.

- Toledo, (May 13).—“’hile~ cash seed re-

mains unchanged. bids for October deliv-

ery are higher. Cash is quoted at $13.85;

October, $8.05; Dec., $8; alsike steady at

$13.60.



Timothy Seed—This market continues



steady with prime spot quoted at $1.75

per bu.

' Toledo, (May 13).—An advance of 100

occurred in the local timothy deal, prime

spot and May, now being quoted at $1.90;

Sept, 3 per bu.



Rye»: . hile prices are steady with a

Week ago, the market for this cereal

shows a fair demand and limited offer-

ings. N0.' 2 rye is dotted at 64%c per bu.

At» Chicago'btzhe same grade sold Tuesday

atfizc per. ,



annexe—~11: “hot-h Chicago ‘and Milwau-

kee boardsrolg: trade this marker shows.





 





 





a, slight narrowing of quotations; in-the

former they range from 47@67c per bu.,





while in the latter from 52@68c per bu. ‘





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Noun—Jobbing lots in 1% paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

le. as follows: Best patent, $5.70; sec;

ond, $5.20; straight, $5; spring patent,

$5.10: rye flour, $4.60 per bbl.



Feed.——Detroit jobbing prices in 100-

1b. sacks are as follows: Bran. $21;

coarse middlings, $21, fine middlings, $27;

cracked corn, $25; coarse corn meal,

$22.50; corn and oat chop, $21 per ton.



Hay.-All grades rule steady with last

week. Carlots on track at Detroit

are: No, 1 timothy, $14.50@15; No. 2,

$12@13; light mixed, $13.50@14; No. 1

mixed, $12@13 per ton.



Chicago—Timothy grades are higher,-

while all other kinds continue steady.

Choice‘timothy, $176017.50 per ton; No. 1,

$15@16; No. 2 and N0. 1 mixed, $13@14;

N0. 3 and No, 2 mixed, $86912; clover,

$7.50@11; alfalfa, choice, $166017; do. No.

1, $146015; do. No. 2, $11@13 per ton.



$traw.-—Steady. Carlot prices on wheat

and oat straw on Detroit market are $8

8.50 per ton, rye straw, $9@10 per ton.



Chicago—Rye straw, $8609; oat, $6.50

607.50; wheat, $5.50@6.50 per ton





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butter.—~Butter values are holding up

well, considering the fact that there is

still a pretty liberal percentage of us»

tier-grade product offered. The demand

is limited almost wholly to immediate

needs, buyers for storage finding fault

with both quality and price at present.

Detroit jobbing prices rule as follows:

Fancy creamery, 28c; firsts, 27c; dairy,

22c; packing stock, 200 per 1b.



Rigid—Market firm at 28c.



Chicago.—\Vliile offerings are liberal

and quotations a shade lower on nearly

all grades, a firmer feeling is in evidence

this week. Home consumption is good

and outside buyers are showing more iii—

terest than in some weeks. Quotations

are: Extra creamery, 27%60273/40; extra.

firsts, 27c; firsts, 2660261/éc; seconds,- 241/2

6125c; dairy extras, 260; firsts, 25c; sec-

onds, 24c; packing stock, 126022c as to

quality.



New York.~——Market steady with values

holding up well except on packing goods,

which are lower. Quotations: Creamery

extras, 281/36029c; firsts, 271/26v28c; sec-

onds, 2661,27c; state dairy finest, 286D

281/2c; good to prime, 261/260271/zc; com-

mon to fair, 256026c; packing, 21%60230

as to quality.



Eggs—Good eggs continue strong in all

markets, the, demand for storage purposes

having a tendency to pull prices up a

little. On the other hand, the propor-

tion of ordinary stock is increasing, caus-

ing a widening of quotations and closer

attention to candling and grading. In

the local market values show another

fractional advance, current offerings,

caiidled, being quoted at 19140 per doz.



Chicago—Demand good for the better

qualities, with prices a shade higher, es-

pecially on all offerings fit for storing.

Ordinary stock rather slow. Miscellan-

eous receipts, cases included, are quoted

at 166D18c; do., cases returned, 151/261)

171/2c; ordinary firsts. 16%60171/2c; firsts,

1861.;181/3c; storage packed, firsts, 19@19%c

per dozen.



New York—Firm with good grades

higher. Fresh gathered extras, 221/26023c;

fresh gathered storage packed, firsts, 21

61‘22c; western gathered, whites, 206D

20%c.



Poultry.——Chickens reached a. new high

level late last week but the feeling is eas-

ier, due to more liberal receipts this

week. Geese are quoted lower. Quota—

tions are: Live—Spring chickens, 186D

1815c; hens, 18@181/_.c; No. 2 hens, 13@

15c; old roosters, 13@17c; turkeys, 1961?

20c; geese, 1460141/20; ducks, 18611200 per

pound.



Chicago—Market slow and without ma-

terial change under an indifferent local

demand. Quotations on live are: Tur-

keys, good weight, 15c; others, 10c;

fowls, good, 16c;spring chickens, 306i32c;

ducks, 15c; geese, full feathered, 190; do.

plucked, 76(‘Sc per lb; guinea hens, $4 per

dozen. .



Cheese.—New York flats and brick are

quoted lower. XVholesale lots,’Michigan

flats, new, 131/260140; old, 161/262170; New

York flats, new. 14%;6015c; old, 1760171/20;

brick cream, 131/36014c; limburger 1860190.



Veal.—~Supply limited and demand good.

Fancy, 1265130; common, 10@110.



Chicago—Trade slow in the face of a

good supply. Fair to choice, 8060110—1bs.

1260121/gc; extra fancy stock, 13@131/zc;

fair to good chunky, 11%@120.





WOOL.





 





Boston—The market has not changed

during the past week. For normal sea-

sons the month of May usually finds

large numbers of agents of manufactur-

ers and brokers in the fields drumming

up sales, but with few exceptions it is

not so for 1913; there are a few manu-

facturers who have men out buying, but

the small way in which they are con-

tracting‘indicates that purchases are not

made for the purpose of piling up sup-

plies. Immediate and the near future

needs seem to be as far asmakers of

cloth are looking at present. This very

situation is likely to improve the trade

for the coming months as some of the

leading dealers have remarked. There

being no stock on hand manufacturers

will need to buy more liberally than

where they were better supplied, which

should aid in keeping values above what

they would be without the extra demand.

Some buying is done in the fleece’ states

with quota-tions around 180 for medium

grades. , . - '





'TH‘E‘ MICHIGAN FARMER





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.-‘—This fruit is. firm with prices

unchanged. The small offerings of other

fruits from the south are helping the

deal. Detroit quotations are: Fancy, per

bbl., $2.50@3.50; ordinary, 75c@$1.50,per

bbl. ‘

Chicago—The best grades ‘. of apples

are firm at steady values. Standard win-

ter varieties, $2@4.25 per bbl.



Potatoes.——This point continues to be

well supplied with tubers, which are

changing hands at last week’s improved

qoutations. M=cliigan stock in car lots,

4360450 per bu.



Chicago—An unexpected increase in

receipts brought prices down from last

week’s level but at the lower figures the

movement is good. The offerings aver-

age much better in quality than they did

earlier. Fancy Michigan stock, 40@45c

per bu; best Wisconsin, 35@45c; Minne—

sota, 35@400 per bu.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





The butter and egg markets remain un-

changed this week. Tuesday morning’s

market was the biggest of the season.

with 175 loads offered and prices were

as follows: Hay, $116014; potatoes, 40c;

asparagus, $1; pieplant, 35c; lettuce, 8c;

spinach, 90c; parsnips, 300. Beans are

now quoted at $1.50; red kidneys, $1.70;

wheat, $1.03; oats, 380; frye, 45c; corn,

590 per bu.





THE LIVE STOCKl MARKETS.

Buffalo.

May 12, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

.East Buffalo, New York).





Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 140 cars, hogs, 90 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 100 double decks; calves

1750 head. -



\Vith 140 cars of cattle on our market

here today, and 20,000 reported in Chi-

cago and a lower market there, we have

to quote all cattle weighing 1150 lbs. and

upwards fully 25c per cwt. below last

week. Cattle weighing from 1100 down,

of good quality, sold generally about 100

below last Monday‘s prices. At the CIOSe

of the market, however, about everything

was sold, with the feeling about steady

at the decline.



We quote: Best 1350 to 1500-lb. steers

$8.40@8.60; good to prime 1200 to 1300-lb.

do., $8608.25; good to prime 1100 to 1200-

lb do., $775608; coarse plainish 1100 to

1200-lb. do., $7.25@7.75; medium butcher

steers, 1000 to 1100, $7.50@7.75; butcher

steers, 950 to 1000, $7.256p7.85; light

butcher steers, $7607.25; best fat cows, $6

607; butcher cows, $561575; light do.,

$450605; trimmers, $350604; best fat heif-

ers, $725608; medium butcher heifers,

$6.75@7.50; light do., $6.25@6.50; stock

heifers, $6606.50; best feeding steers, de-

horned, $7.50@7.75; light common stock-

ers, $6696.50; prime export bulls, $7.256!)

7.50; best butcher bulls, $6.75@7.25; bo-

logna bulls, $6.75@7.25; stock bulls, $5.50

((126; best milkers and springers, $75@100;

common kind do., $406960.



Our hog market today was a little bit

lower than the best time of Saturday,

with a fair supply, about 90 double decks.

Hogs weighing around 190 lbs. and up-





wards sold at $8.75 generally. Selected

lights, $8.806478.85; pig stuff generally





$8.85; few lights up to $8.90; roughs, $7.40

607.60; stags, $650607. Demand strong

for light hogs and this kind closed strong

with a good clearance.



The sheep and lamb market was slow

today, with prices about the same as the

close of last week; most of the choice

handy lambs selling from $7.906L‘8. Lambs

weighing 85 to 90 lbs. very slow, $7.65@

7.85. Best wethers selling mostly at $6;

ewes, $5605.25, owing to weiglit'and qual-

ity. Look for about steady prices the

balance of the week.



We quote: Choice lambs, $790608; cull

to fair do., $4637.75; yearlings, $650607;

bucks, $3694.50; wethers, $5.75@6; handy

ewes, $5605.25; heavy do., $5605.25; cull

Sheep, $36174; veals, choice to extra, $9@

9.50; fair to good, $7698.50; heavy calves,

$4.50@6.





 





Chicago.

May 12, 1913.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today- ...... 20,000 42,000 16,000

Same day last year..11,065 44,612 21,357

Received last week..47,718 119,714 86,745

Same week last year.56,049 109,074 55,518



This» week opens today with plenty of

cattle to meet trade wants, and prices

are no more than steady. Hogs are fair-

ly active, prices ruling about a nickel

lower early, but firming up later on in-

creased buying. The best hogs brought

$8.50. The average weight of last week’s

receipts declined to 239 lbs»., compared

with 245 lbs. the preceding week. The

average was 227 lbs. one year ago. 239

lbs. two years ago and 234 lbs. three

years ago. Sheep and lambs are fairly

active at unchanged prices.



Cattle receipts on Monday last week

were unusually light, because of a bad

break in prices the previous-week, the

run being 19.190 head, in place of the

usually liberal receipts the first of the

Week. This caused a rise of a dime in

prime beeves. with sales of 248 head of

heavy cattle at $9 and 40 fancy steers at

$9.10. Otherwise the cattle market was

no more than steady, and the demand

was quite moderate. Wednesday saw a

run of 20,359 head, and it was too large

for the demand, prices ruling largely 10

@150 lower, while some sales looked as

much as 25c lower, but fancy yearlings

that tipped the scales at 1,134 to 1,139

lbs. brought $9 and $9.05, and 16 branded

steers that averaged 1.481 lbs. sold at $9.

The market for fancy cattle, whether

heavy- or light in weight, has been a

strong one, the demand 'being large

enough to take the comparatively moder-

ate offerings of such stock, but other of»





~»ferings ruled weak most of the time, and‘





3 MAY 17, 1.913. I





there was a. further decline on Thursday

of about a dime.

that what in past years Were Only normal

receipts of cat-tle roannot now, be: dispoged-

of without weakening prices, for beef is,

a dear article offood, and eggs and veg-

etables are largely eaten as substitutes.

Beef steers sold last week largely at

$7.75@'8.75, with the best class of heavy

steers taken at $8.50@9.10 and the com-

mOn to medium class of light steers at

$7@8, medium to prime yearlings bring-

lng $8@9.05, while butchering cows and

heifers brought $5.10@8.50. Cutters

brought $450605, canners $3.40@4.45 and

bulls $5.50@7.75. Only moderate trading

was seen in stockers and feeders, the

former going at $625608 and the latter at

$720608, while stock and feeder cows and

heifers were scarce and firm at $56061)

6.65. Calves found buyers at a range of

$5609.25 per 100 lbs. for coarse heavy to

prime light vealers, and milch cows sold

moderately on the basis of 5135061100 each,

few being offered choice enough to bring

as much as $75. During the latter part

of the week beef cattle sold largely 25@

35c lower than on Manday.



Hogs have shown for another week

much the same characteristics as have

featured the market for so long, with no

particularly large supplies and a re-

stricted eastern shipping demand that

meant 'no‘ strong competition between

buyers. As a general rule hogs do not

advance in value when the Chicago pack-

ers are in a position to dictate terms,

and there is no reason, so far as can be

seen now, for expecting any marked im-

provement in prices.- Recent purchases

by eastern shippers have been even

smaller than usual, and advanging prices

even on small receipts was difficult for

owners. Stockmen generally are making

their hogs good and fat, there being ev-

ery inducement to do so, with corn ev-

erywhere plentiful and cheap and hogs

bringing much higher prices than in oth-

er years at this time, 1910 excepted.

\Varmer weather has checked consump-

tion of fresh pork, but cured hog meats

are having a fair sale, and stocks of pro-

visions in western warehouses the first

day of the month were down to 227,000,-

000 lbs., compared with 330,000.000 lbs. a

year ago, having undergone reductions of

14,132,000 lbs. in April, against reduc-

tions of 7.384.000 lbs. a year ago for the

same time and an increase of 19,920,000

lbs. in April two years ago. At the

week’s close hogs sold at $7.956128.55 for

the poorest big packers'to the best light

shipping lots, stags going at $8.50@8.75

and boars at -$3.50604.50. Only 14,283

hogs were shipped from Chicago during

the week, against 26.351 a week earlier

and 32,613 a year ago. Light hogs and

medium butcher weights sold the highest.



Sheep and lambs suffered severe reduc-

tions in prices at different times last

week, with increased offerings at a time

when demand was by no means corres-

pondingly large. Even the best offerings

did not move very briskly as a rule, with

the best demand centering, as usual, in

prime handy-weight lambs, while heavy

lambs sold unsatisfactorily. Slumpy mar-

kets for dressed sheep and lambs made

bad markets for live offerings and there

was an especially poor outlet for the in-

creased showing of trashy stuff offered.

There Was a steady increase in the pro-

portion of clipped stock, which was pre-

ferred by slaughterers to wooled flocks.

A very few Spring lambs have been of-

fered and sold at $10 per 100 lbs. Prices

for sheep and lambs declined largely 25@

40c last week, prices for clipped lots clos-

ing as follows: Lambs, $6.356‘117.60; year-

'lings, $5.75@7; wetliers, $56,426.60; ewes,

$4.25@6.35; bucks, $4.2567r5.75.



Horses were much less active last week

than in recent weeks, the spring trade

being largely over, although a spurt of

life was furnished by the special sale of

about 60 head of harness horses and sad-

dlers at auction. a good many buyers

showing up. Sales ranged up to $1,500,

with popular prices for pairs from $60060

750. Farm workers had a moderate sale

around $14061i225 per head, with good to

prime mares wanted at $2306Ll285. Draft-

ers were salable at $22561l300, with some

0f the horses quoted around $300 sold at

losses. Fancy extra heavy drafters were

largely nominal up to $350. Inferior to

fair horses went at $856312”), and 1,250 to

1,350-1b, chunks sold at $185@250.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.



Advices from various cattle feeding

districts indicate fairly large cattle sup-

plies for May and June. Most reports

say there is no scarcity, and distillery

cattle will be marketed extensively in

these months. This does not point to

better prices for cattle, and stockmen

should use

their holdings so as to avoid over-sup-

plies and breaks in values. Later in the

year packers will depend largely on

grass-fed cattle, and then a deficiency in

the supply of corn—fed cattle may be

looked for, a: well as inadequate offer-

ings of grass .tock, there being a shortage

in pastures west of the Missouri river.

The aggregate receipts of cattle in Chi—

cago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, St.

Joseph and Sioux City for the first four

months of the year were 2.185,000 head,

compared with 2,294,000 received in the

same period last year, a falling off of

109,000 head.



With pastures and meadows in re-

markably fine condition pretty much ev-

erywhere, farmers who are short of cat-

tle are extremely desirous of buying

some to eat the grass, and buying orders

in western markets have been numerous

much of the time in recent weeks. The

scarcity of well-bred young cattle on the





stocker and feeder order is the Only;





drawback, this leading to their being

held at extremely high prices—lliigherfig-

ures than seem safe to pay. In‘ fact-the.





choicer cattle of this class have been-5





selling relatively higher than 5





beef cattle, and it is extremely doubtful"

how much longer the current prices will _





prevail for. choice beet'esgg





Conditions are such





conservatism in marketing





 





 





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‘ MAY , 17, 1913.





THIS IS THE. FIRST EDITION.





In the firet edition the Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Livo Stock markets

are given in the lasteditIOn. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursda ’3

Detroit Live Stock market report. ~ on

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that enact.





DETROIT LIVE OTOCK MARKETS.





 





Thursday's Market.

May 8, 1913.

Cattle.





Receipts, 1232. Market 10@15c lower

than last week on all grades.



We quote: Best steers, $7.75@8; steers

and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $7@7.75; do. 800

to 1000, $6.75@7; do. that are fat, 500 to

700, $6@6.50; choice fat cows, $6.50@6.75;

good do., $5.75@6.25;,common cows, $5@

5.25; canners, $3.50@4; choice heavy bulls

$6.75@7; fair to good bolognas, bulls, $6

@650; stock bulls, $5.50@6; choice feed-

ing steers, 800 to 1000, $6.75@7.25; fair

do., 800 to 1000, $6@6.50; choice stockers,

500 to 700, $5.50@6; fair do., 500 to 700,

$5@5.75; stock heifers, $4.50@5; milkers,

large, young, medium age, $60@80; com-

mon milkers, $40@55. .



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan.P. Co. 40

steers av 1095 at $7.85, 6 cows av 1037

at $6. 2 do av 650 at $4, 1 do weighing

1170 at $4.25, 2 heifers av 765 at $6, 18

steers av 1056 at $7.50; to Kammnn B.

Co. 15 do av 796 at $7.25, 21 do av 860 at

$7.30; to Newton B. Co. butchers av 918

at $7, 2 cow and bull av 1310 at $6, 1 bull

weighing 700 at $5, 17 butchers av 763 at

$6.85, 5 do av 772 at $6; to Parker, W. &

Co. 34 steers av 948 at $7.50; to Schuer

2 cows av 750 at $5.25; to Rzittkowsky 2

bulls av 1000 at $6.50; to Cooke 17 steers

av 874 at $7.50, I do weighing 1180 at

$8.25; to Bresnahan 10 do av 700 at $7.10;

Rattkowsky 3 cows av 957 at $6.25; to

Mich. B. Co, 25 steers av 890 at $7.40,

3 do av 1007 at $7.40, 11 butchers av 703

at $6.90, 5 do av 754 at $7.10, 1 cow

weighing 1150 at $6.25; to Davenport 5

stookers av 760 at $6.65, 2 do av 745 at

$6.50, 2 do av 693 at $6.65; to Sullivan P.

Co. 2 cows av 1170 at $6.25, 8 butchers av

915 at $7.40; to Schuer 2 cows av 825 at

$5, 3 do nv 897 at $5, 1 do weighing 1140

at $5.10. 3 do av 1013 at $4.75; to Parker,

W. & Co. 14 steers av 920 at $7.50, 1 bull

weighing 1170 at $7, 5 cows and bulls av

1096 at $6.50; to Nagle P. Co. 5 bulls av

1182 at $6.65.



Haley & M. sold Mason B. Co. 20 steers

av 1010 at $7.65; to Sullivan P. Co. 9 do

av 708 at $7.10, 3 cows av 1003 at $6.25;

to Hirschleman 2 heifers av 575 at $6.85,

1 do Weighing 780 at $6.65, 9 butchers av

935 at $7.60; to Mich. B. Co. 8 steers av

849 at $7.65; to Scham 2 cows av 695 at

$4.80: to Marx 5 steers av 926 at $7.25.

13 do av 973 at $7.45; to Davenport 1

stocker weighing 530 at $6.25, 3 do av 510

at $5.50, 10 do av 620 at $6.60; to Schuer

4 cows av 917 at $5; to Rattkowsky 1

bull weighing 880 at $6.50. 6 cows av

1140 at $6.05; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 bulls

av 920 at $6.25, 1 do weighing 1430 at

$6.75.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 4

cows av 1030 at $6.15, 1 do Weighing 890

at $4.25; to Wyness 1 bull weighing 1000

at $6.75; to Nngle P. Co. 12 steers av 887

at $7.65; to Kamman B. Co. 6 cows av

1065 at $6.25, 1 do weighing 1100 at $6.25;

to Rattkowsky 1 bull weighing 1000 at

$6.50, 1 steer weighing 1070 at $7.60, 1 do

weighing 700 at $7.25; to Bresnahan 4

heifers av 690 at $6.60; to Potts 3 can-

ners av 927 at $4.90; to Parker, W. & Co.



cows av 1014 at $6.25, 1 canner weigh-

ing 710 at $4. 1 cow weighing 950 at

$6.25, 2 steers av 715 at $7, 3 cows av 727

at $4. 2 bulls av 960 at $6.50; to Newton

B. Co. 9 butchers av 984 at $7.40.



Allington sold Parker, W. & Co. 2 bulls

av 1390 at $6.75.



Spicer & R, sold Newton B. Co. 1 cow

weighing 1160 at $6.50, 20 steers av 922 at

$7.50, 7 butchers av 857 at $7; to Sullivan

P. Co. 10 cows av 1023 at $5.90, 1 do

weighing 1210. at $5.90. 2 bulls av 1320 at

$6.65, 2 cows av 925 at $5.75, 1 do Weigh-

ing 1040 at $6; to Goose 4 do av 980 at

$5.65; to Mich. B. CO. 14 steers av 1019

at $7.40, 14 do av 944 at $7.40; to Ratt-

kowsky 11 do av 977 at $7.60, 2 bulls av

1050 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co. 5 butchers

av 884 at $6.75, 2 cows av 1220 at $4.25;

to Bresnahan 11 butchers av 650 at $6.60;

-to Newton B. Co. 2 cows av 1100 at $5.25;

to Parker, W, & Co. 2 do av 1265 at $6.50.



Allington sold Bresnahan 8 canners av

800 at $4.90.



Sandall sold same 44 stockers av 532

at $4.60.



Sharp sold Mich. B. Co. 2 steers av

1160 at $8.25, 28 do av 1134 at $8, 1 bull

weighing 1440 at $6.75, 7 cows av 974 at

$6.25.



Allington sold same 19 cows av 947

at $5.50.



Besancon sold Newton B. Co. 11 steers

av 874 at .



Haddrell sold Mason B. Co. 1 bull

weighing 947 at $7, 1 cow weighing 760

at $4, 2 do av 960 at $4.50, 3 do av 940

at $6, 1 do weighing 1160 at $7, 18 butch-

ers av 766 at $7.25.



Veal Calves.



Receipts, 637. Market steady at last

week’s prices. Few choice at $9.50; good

38.50699; common, $4.50@7; milch cows

and springers strong.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

8 av 150 at $8.50, 4 av 140 at $8.25, 1

weighing 90 at $8. 8 av 130 at $9. 6 av

136 at $8.75; to McGuire 14 av 140 at

$9.25, 2 av 145 at $9; to Goose 23 av 130

at $8, 1 weighing 260 at $4.50, 1 weighing

70 at $4.50; to Sullivan P. Go. 2 av 95 at

$7, 6 av 145 at $9, 2 av 130 at $7.50. 5

av 155 at $9. 16 av 135 at $8.25; to Goose

14 av 130 at 489: to Rattkowsky 2 av 150

alt-.3950; to Newton »13. Co. 5 av 120 at





THE MTCHI





to Thompson Bros. 11 av 140 at $9; to

Rattkowsky 2 av 120 at $9. 21 av 180 at

$8.75, 1 weighing 80 at $7; to Hammond,

S. & Co. 19 av' 140 at $9.50, 12 av 135 at

$9; to Burnstine 22 av 145 at $8.90; to

Nagle P. Co. 24 av 140 at $8.75; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 14 av 150 at $9.50, 44 av

135 at $8.75; to Burnstine 12 av 140 at $9.



Haley & M. sold I). Goose 16 av 140

at $9.25; to ,J. Goose 16 av 135 at $9, 9

av 135 at $9; to Newton B. Co. 8 av 150

at $9.25; to Burnstine 6 av 185 at $9.25.



Bennett & S. sold Newton B. Co. 3 av

145 at $8.50.



Weeks sold Burnstine 4 av 145 at $9.25,

1 weighing 260 at $5.50.



Groff sold same 9 av 140 at $9.50.



Roe Com. Co, sold Newton B. Co. 17

av 140 at $9.



Haddrell sold Thompson 4 av 120 at $7,

11 av 135 at $9.





. Sheep and Lamhe.



Receipts, 1223. Quality common, mar-

ket about steady with last week. Best

lambs, $7.50; filll‘ to good lambs, $6.50@

7.25; light to common lambs, $4.50@5.50;

fair to good sheep, $475635; culls and

common, $3@4.50.



Sheep closed 50c lower than last week’s

close: lambs steady with last‘week.



Bishop, 3. & H, sold Fitzpatrick Bros.

2 lambs av ‘80 at $7, 5 do av 48 at $9.50;

to Thompson Bros. 3 sheep av 90 at

$5.50. 13 do av 75 at $3, 39 lambs av 55

at $6.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 257 lambs

av 83 at $6.50: to Sullivan P. Co. 24 sheep

av 75 at $3.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros, 36 do

av 70 at $4.50, 7 yearlings av 100 at $6,

78 lambs av 70 at $7.25; to Hayes 53 do

av 57 at $6.75; to Barlage 22 sheep av 80

at $4.50; to Young 37 lambs av 57 at $7,

12 do av 60 at $6; to Mich. B. Co. 81 do

70 at $7.30, 17 sheep av 80 at $4, 12 do

av 110 at $4.25, 19 lambs av 65 at $4.75.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 15

lambs av 50 at $6.50, 5 sheep av 100 at

$4, 7 do av 75 at $4.50, 23 lambs av 55 at

$7; to Goose 7 sheep av 100 at $5; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 60 yearlings av 105

at $6. *



Sandall sold Sullivan P. Co. 43

av 70 at $5.



Spicer & R. sold Newton B. Co. 70

lambs av 65 at $7.35, 26 do av 85 at $7.35;

to Mich. B. Co, 36 do av 65 at $7.15, 7

sheep av 85 at $5.50, 23 do av 70 at $4.50,

6 do av 95 at $5, 5 lambs av 80 at $7.40.

22 sheep 21V 110 at $5.25: to Costello 48

do av 55 at $3.50, 29 lambs av 60 at $4.75.

Hogs.



None sold up to noon;





sheep





Receipts, 4249.

looks as follows:



Range of prices:

ers, $8.35.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 3675 av 190 at $8.30.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 625

av 180 at $8.30.



Sundry shippers sold same 410 av 190

at $8.30.



Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 470

av 180 at $8.30.



sgéiley & M. sold same 560 av 170 at





Light to good butch-





Friday's Market.





May 9, 1913.



Cattle. ’

Receipts this week, 1558; last week,

1224. Market steady at Thursdays'





prices. ‘lVe quote: Best steers and heif-

ers, $8; do. 1000 to 1200, $7.40@7.75; do.

800 to 1000, $7697.50; do. that are fat. 500

to 700, $6666.75; choice fat cows, $65061)

6.75; good do., $6656.50; common do., $5

@550; canners, $4654.50; choice heavy

bulls, $7: fair to good bologna bulls, $6.50

613675; stock bulls, $5636; choice feeding

steers, 800 to 1000, $6.506il7; fziir.do., 800

to 1000, $6696.50; choice stoekers, 500 to

700, $6606.50; fair stockers, 500 to 700,

$5.75@6.25; stock heifers, $5@6; milkers,

large, young, medium age, $60@80; com-





mon milkers, $406955.

Veal Calves. .



Receipts this week, 1121; last week,

1350. Market steady at Thursday's

prices. Best, 55875617925; others, $450608.



Milch cows and springers steady.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week, 2533; last week,



3106. Market steady; run very light.





Best lambs. $7.35@7.50; fair to good do.,

$6.25@7; light to common do. $4.75@5.50;

fair to good sheep, $450615; culls and

common, $3@4.





Hogs.



Receipts this week, 7784; last week.

7980.. Market 100 higher than on Thurs-

day. Range of prices: Light to good

butchers, $8.40; pigs, $8.40; light yorkers,

$8.40; Stags one-third off.





CROP AND MARKET Kori—:3.





 





 





Sanllac Co., May 9.——Two weeks have

passed since we have had any rain. The

ground is pretty dry but still the cats

are growmg good; all sown and mostly

all up. Meadows are growing but would

do much better with a good shower.

Spraying is one of the many jobs the

farmer finds to do and is not neglected

to any great extent. Some varieties of

apples are well loaded with blossoms,

others have very few. Peaches asd cher—

ries are covered with flowers also. The

greatest Scarcity in years for hogs is at

the present time and sheep will also

soon be a thing of the past, seemingly.

Farmers are awakening to the necessity

of the protection of the song bird, for

no estimate can be made of the good they

do. All grains are at about the same

level of prices. Eggs hold at 16c: butter-

fat has dropped to 28c in creameries. It

now appears that considerable of the 1912

hay crop will be kept over until fall.



lndlana.



Laporte 60., May 7.—Heavy frost this

morning with ice in water trough: mer-

cury at 30 degs. Fruit trees in full bloom.

Farmers busy plowing for'corn. Very

dry and hard plowing, only light sprinkle

of rain the past two weeks. Corn plant-

ing will be delayed until May 20 and

later. Fruit trees begin to show green.

Stock on pasture, but not full feed. Pig





138.60; to Mich; B. .06. 22 av 135 agnherop is an average. , ~ .





G'AN FARMER





'|lllllll|llllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllllllllIlllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll"mung





Veterinary.





filllllIllllllllllllllIilllllllll|llll|IlllIllIllllIllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. 8.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired informmthn in a reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





lllliliilllllflililllllllilli'i‘





 





Hernia—Tell me how to reduce a. run-

ture on side of cow. Bunch about as large

as a base ball, yields readily to pres-

sure, but returns as soon as pressure is

released. The rupture came as a result

of an abscess which broke and discharged

pus. W. E. P., Vandalia, Mich—If the

rupture is doing no harm, better leave it

alone. The only way it can be reduced

is by a surgical operation.



Enlarged Gland—I have a four-year-old

cow that has a large loose bunch the size

of a goose egg under jaw. H. C. K.,

Elkton. Mich—Apply one part iodine and

ten parts fresh lard t0 bunch in throat

once a day, and if it softens, open it.

Then inject one part carbolic acid and 20

parts Water into sack twice a day.



“'eaning Pigs—\Vill it: injure a sow to

take away pigs at once and wean them,

or should one or two pigs be left with

her for a few days? G. K., Merrill, Mich.

If the sow is a big milker, it is better

to leave one or two pigs with her fOr a

feW days or let the whole litter nurse for

a few minutes every day or two until she

dries.



'l‘humps.-——I have a few small pigs that

commenced to have thumps when they

were three months old. The mother com-

lnenced‘ eating her pigs, therefore we

took them from her and raised them by

hand. They are now fed ground feed and

milk; besides, they run on grass. Mrs.

C. 0., Adrian. Mich—I ain inclined to be-

lieve your pigs suffer from indigestion.

which is affecting their heart action.

Feed less corn and more oats for the next

ten days and give each of them a half

teaspoonful of cooking soda and a tea—

spoonful of powdered charcoal in feed

two or three times a day. If they are

very fleshy, reduce them.



Navel Infection—My ewes appear to be

healthy, lamb all right. but the lambs

seem to sicken when four or five days old

and become quite stiff, weak and die in

ten days or two Weeks. H. 8., Marshall,

Mich.~—If you will treat the novels of

your lambs at birth, few, if any, of them

will die. ’Apply to navel tincture iodine

and tie cord; also apply one part carbolic

acid and ten parts glycol-inc to navel

once a day. Two or three applications of

iodine is all that will be necessary.



Crop-bound.~I have 8. disease in my

flock of hens that baffles me. The chick-

ens commence clucking just as though

they had a brood of chicks, but eat good.

Sometime later they commence nnd run

down, losing ilesh and strength until they

die. M. “1, Allenton, Mich.-—Give your

chickens two tablespoonfuls of olive oil

eVery three or four hours until their

bowels uct fairly free. if you will feed

them plenty of grass and keep their bow—

els open, I believe they will be all right.



Chronic Diarrhoea—I wish you would

tell me what to do for my cats. Several

of my best cats have died the result of

chronic purging. Mrs. D. H., RivesJunc—

tlon, Mich.—-Give your cats each one

grain of powdered kamnla to each pound

of their weight at. a dose once :1 week.

Also give each one one grain of salol

at a dose three times a day.



Bruised lldder.———Bloody Milk—I owned

an ugly cow, but before I sold her she

injured udder of another cow and she

giVes bloody milk. J. R. C.. Vermont-

ville, Mich—Apply one part fluid extract

of arnica, and four parts water to bruis—

ed udder twice a day. Milk her care-

fully. For grubs in the back open skin,

Squeeze out- grub, kill them. and apply

bomcic acid to sores twice a day.



Tongue. Lolllng.~I have a driving mare

who persists in keeping tongue over bit

when driving and I would like to know

if there is a way of stopping it. J. M. V.

VI. Linesville, Pa—There are several

kinds t’ bits that will remedy this trou~

ble. A crooked bar bit, a spoon hit or

an oval shaped piece of iron fastened to

center of bar bit works very Well. A

vice of this kind can only be ovei'vome

by experimenting with different kinds of

bits. The bit should be pulled up ren-

sonably high in mouth in order to pre-

vent her placing tongue over it.



Horse Ate Paris Green—I have a sev-

en-year-old horse that ate a teaspoonl‘ul

of Paris green; this accident occurred

last September and our local Vet. was

called, but failed to help him much.

Vi'hen worked he scoured and is losing

flesh. This same horse has a habit of

hanging out tongue. C. M. 0., Center-

ville, Mich.-—Give your horse 2 drs. of

iodide of potash at a dose in feed or

water two or three times a day.



Navel Infection.——VVhen my calves are

about a day or two old they commence

to scour, and I am unable to figure. out

what causes their sickness. I am in-

clined to believe that the one takes it

from the other. The one that died had

a great deal of pain. W, H. S., Gladwin

county, Mich—As soon as calf or colt is

born, the navel cord should be tied and





treated much the same as a wound. AD--





ply tincture iodine to end of cord after

it IS tied once a day: also apply one part

bichloride mercury, 1.000 parts water to

navel twice a day. Many of the home-

healing remedies are proper ones to ap-





ply in this case.





 





 





l





l





 





 





. 15-595





'1 “Him"

039/

' .





Make $4.00 to $8.00 more I?" am from

your Clover, Alfalfa, Peas, lax, Velci,

Timothy, etc., etc.



Don't knock off the seed and leaves with a

rake or tedder. Equip your mower witha





THORNBURGH





SIDE DELIVERY

BURCHER and WINDROWER





8 ii the seed d is es and half lh labor.

03323:“): with o ltga oi;- over tbs flel’d ith

to der. top





dump-r ke. side-do ivory-rake an

ower





is epoe ted to side out of t. 9 way of



no team on next. round an is left in

hollow bunches or windrows. heads and leave!

in center and the atoms. which hold the up.





sticking out.

No Bleaching—{Inns Quicker—File

Any Mower. Ne Seed or Leaves Wasted

Ii' ,0“ are not one of the 100,000 tilfled users

write today for free catalog an give your





Dealer'- name.

THE THORNBURGH

MFG. COMPANY.





 





 





LIGHTNING 300

9c PER rant





1 Beat Quality Copper~£xtra Heavy Cable



A better conductor than required by In-

surance Companies. System complete with

full directions for installing. No agents.

You get wholesale price.



Buy Direct—On Trial—Freight Prepaid

, Pay after on are satisfied. Our Rods are

, secure! pro ecting thousands of farm homes

and Wll protect yours. Write postal for

FREE book on lightning protection“ Tells

ou WIII be inter- /

ay.





 





plainly just the facts

estedin. Ask tor-it





1"” “5.93 F’Sé’uhfifdrp‘”





 

 

 





 





 





HEAVY COPPER CABLE





Ligining Rods





Guaranteed Over

98 per cent Pure





7c Per Fool





Direct lo you

lie Middleman





If goods when received are not. satisfactory. return

them at our expense. when we will re and every

dollar you paid .us. Let us know your requirements.

We w .1] advise Just what it will cost you. Full in-

structions for installing.





International Lightning Rod Co.,Dept. M, South 30nd,”.





 





 





 





 





 





 





We Want HAY 85 STRAW





_ We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal advancemezts and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons 60.

PITTSBURG, PA.





 





 





 





 





 





I' ,' “:‘ Trust" , "warn-hint)“,

Ship your can-load lots to us.

THE E. L. RICHMOND 00..



Detroit. - Michigan.





 





 





FARMS illll mm Liinsi

FOR SALE on EXlilllllliE _





OUR NEW YORK IMPROVED FARMS—are real:

bargains at preeen low p i . S i’ g

McBURNEY a 00., 70% Fiahe’r cii’idg.. ‘Zh‘ioi’éof'i’fiim'





 





 





 





-—ell under oultivati ,

'09 ‘crc: house and barn, gogd1 13:22:: 85303. $30063

down. balance longtime. A. E. Oramton. Vassar,Mioh.

' and unlm roved lend ' D

Fuhh F.ms diversiflecl) farming lllvx'g etgtliiilvagg:





lioious fruits and ideal homes. or i f ‘

address. State Board of Agriculture, Dover?1‘())erlnalvavgl:en





CASH FOR YOUR FARM





I bring buyers and sellers to eth .

£1)“ want to buy. sell or trade. Egtableirellegvlggll.o It‘ll'oanikf

. Cleveland. 948. Adams Express Bldg” Chicago, Ill,





~Farm in Michigan, 57 acres. near

Fun s‘l-E of 5000, good market. fair house, (1:181:33?

concrete cow stable. running water, hen house. i'

Eon, corn crib. tine apple orchard—cheap at $24003

80. H. Albertson, 907 St, N. E... Washington. p.02





FARMS WANTED—$33,223.33 “”63 9°“

scrlbin property. naming lowest price. ”$79 “1613;

erslooa desirable pro erty FREE. AmorloanInveet.

ment Association, 3 P ace Bldg, Minneapolis. Minn.





MONEY-HIKING FIHIS‘ll-avflifik‘lfii '35“ “3"”

included to settle quickly. More in product!vl'aeoliil'nodI

near good markets here than the same money will

purchase elsewhere on earth. Get .the facts. Bl

lluatrated catalogue No. 36 free. E. A. STROU

FARM AGENCY. Station 101. Pittsburg. Penna.





Literature will be sent to any-



one interested in the wonder-



:iul Sacramento Valley. the

1





cheat voile in

quilt-3&0. mug: “Thousands (z mouth-ovum: 3%

r

:lfmete on . '1“. ”0.11:: hmnflnfthol‘l. in the finest





reliable lnlounaflon. Ceere- ““0“ that '- ’ ‘ y I» ‘

=::e.:|.vllley DeveleemchllFORN ' ‘ , ”f

.u... Sacramento. 7. _ . ._ .. ~
Saginaw Valley Slook Farm





Importers of





Belgian and Percheron

Stallions and Mares.





Formerly of Decatur, Indiana. 15 Years Importers.





 





 





Just arrived with an extra good importation

of stallions from 2 to 4 years old, which we

offer at very reasonable and attractive prices

with guarantee the best. if you come with

cash or bankable paper we will try our best

to sell to you. We have our selling cloth on

every day in week. Write your wants or

come and see us.





ELI SPRUNGER 8i SON, Props.

Bell Phone 292 I J—Z. Saglnavv. W.S. Mich.





BUSY





EVERY DAY





,SHOWING





STALLIONS





SELLING ‘





AT THE





LOW DOLLAR





SEE THEM AT





.GEO.W. SDUERS 81 SDNS,





HUNTINGTON. INDIANA.





(Stallion Service Book, IO cents.)





A. A. PALMER & SONS





Open the season with the finest aggregation of





PERGHERD Stallions





and Mares



they have ever ofiered to the breeding public.

60 Head to select from.



P. 0. Balding, Mlch. R. R. Orleans.





PERCHERON S





bred for utility as. well as show quality. Stable

includes several international winners. Young

stock for sale. Come, or write



B F. ANDERSON, R. No. 1, Adruin, Michigan.





FOR SALE error. Belgian Stallion





Sound and right in every way. Also a. 3-year-old





 





 





 





 





 





 





JACK. Or will trade for other live stock and real

estate. Address W. G. Himmelwright, Frankfort.Ind.





 





DIIE DIPPIIIG K".





and keeps SHEEP free from fresh attacks.

Used on 250 million sheep annually. Increases

quantity and quality of wool. Improves appear-

ance and condition of flock. If dealer can’t

supply you send $1.75 for $2 packet. Shipments

can be made from New York City. Specially

illustrated booklet on “Ticks" sent free for ask-

ing. a post card brings it.

VIM. COOPER & IEPIIEVIS, _ GIIIGABD, ILLS.

Depl. 23 64 VI. Illinois St.





ABSOPBINE.





Will reduce Inflamed, Strained,

Swollen Tendons, Ligaments,

Muscles or Bruises. Stops the

lameness and pain from a Splint,

Side Bone or Bone Spavin. No

blister, no hair gone. Horse can be

, used. $2 a bottle delivered. Describe

"‘ your case for special instructions

“error are . .

- , t cantiseptic iniment or

I‘nankind. 'Ile’duce’s Strained, Torn Liga-





nts, Enlarged Glands, Veins or Muscles.

male Cuts. Sores. Ulcers. Alleys pain. Price





 





 





 





     





 





   





T.H E‘ MIC H-I GAN FAR M,E.R





 





STANDARDIZED.





on so DIP N91





EASY AND SAFE TO USE





INEXPENSIVE





KILL§chE





0N ALI. |.|VE STOCK





DISINFECTS.

CLEANSES.





PURIFIES.





It has so many uses that It Is

I necesslty on every form.





CURES MANGE, SCAD,





RINGWORM, SCRATCH ES





Destroys All Disease Germs

DRIVES AWAY FLIES

erte for Free Booklets





PARKE, DAVIS & CO.





DEPARTMENT or ANIMAL mousrnv

DETROIT, - -





MICHIGAN





 





 





Hess Dip





to put in the hog wa low.





diseases. Besides





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





lates.

should be kept in eve





 





meets the





solution.

\





circular.





Dr.lless Dip and Disinfectant





cleans up and purifies the premises. It

should be sprinkled in the poultry house

and yard, poured into sinks, drains, and

p. used everywhere where filth accumu-

It has hundreds of uses and

. home. It

is absolutely uniform in strength,

U. S. Government re-

quirements as an OffICIaI_ clip for

. sheep scab. is non-paisonous

—and costs nearly noth-



ing. One gallon makes

.. 60 to 100 gallons of





Write for Dip





Dipping Sheep





is only one kind of cleaning up

needed at this time of year. Dr.

and Disinfectant kills

ticks,dismfectstheskinandfleece,

cures scab, mange and all parasit-

ic skin diseases. Is 'ust the thing

_ Keeps

its strength and hogs can free

themselves of lice, at the same

time heal and prevent skin





 





 





 





"'v “timezone"

R E E cures ordinary cases.

0 u ”J Postal“ on receipt of price. .

“Hedi! ‘- -' fiche“! wi I'ml tedl I L





 





   

   

   

 





liner-cl Ilene Ilemody 00.. 463 Fourth Ave“ flilsbnrgll. Pa.





 





 





_ .t (rarer or delivered. Book Evidence" Inc. For Sale

”Jam, Penn s, 2.68 Tomplo 3t, spfln‘flfld. M35.- IQIIOWS. Mafifefirnvok‘Y.BgfihelgI}-ng fifegggd l





—-2 registered Percheron Stallions coming





ergo





ucts than it costs to raise them. To

put it the other way, the farmer gets

for his produce less than one~half what

the consumer pays for it. Just here is

the proper point of attack in the much-

mooted cost of living problem. So long

as this situation continues, it ill-behooves

the city dweller to talk about the ineffi-

ciency of the farmer. It is the city that

needs to clean house.



As given in greater detail in preceding

articles, the method of distributing food

products that fixes pr'oducerrs’ rind con-

sumers’ prices is as folloWs: First, the

professional huckster or commissioned

agent buys from the farmer to sell to the

wholesale merchant. He is paid for his

services by buying as far below the

Wholesale price as possible. At a mini-

mum, hc increases the total cost of the

goods from nine to 25 per cent. There is

then added from one to 20 per cent to the

cost of the goods in freight to the

wholesale terminal. Then the wholesaler

deducts from five to 10 per cent for sell-

ing to the retailer, thereby ridding on the

average around 11 per ccnt to the job-

ber’s price. Then, for handling the goods

and selling them to the consumcr, the

retailer charges from 30 to 100 per cent

increase of the wholesaler's price, on an

average 45 per- cent. in addition, there

is frequently, betwcen the wholesaler and

the retailer, at lcnst one johbci‘, and of-

ten two. There is a natural tendency for

the jobber to pay its little as he can; for

the wholesaler to buy goods as low class

and sell them as good class; for the re-

taile'r to boost prices up to where they

will secure maximum returns.



A city StOI‘e-lllzlll recently said to me,

“Why spend time or thought about what

the farmer can g‘i-i‘ for his producc? lie is

just like the rest of us. lie is out for all

he can gel.” To be sure ‘he is. ”(WVCVCI‘,

there is this Significant difference .bc-

twcen the farmer’s ability to boost his

prices and the retailer's and the commis-





IT costs more to distribute food prod-





sion merchant‘s power to inunipulrrte

prices: The forces fixing thc farmer's

price are nation—wide in opcz'allou, and





hence 11 single farmer, or, indeed, all of

the farmers of a given state, (‘zlll have

comparatively little effect upon that price.

But the wholesaler"s misreprescnrations,

the prices paid by the retailer, the

amount of food held back or destroyed,

on the other hand, are determined by 10-

cal situations, not by national forces.



Can this methcid of distribution be

simplified, and can distributed costs be

lowered? This question can be most

thoroughly answered by resolving ‘it into

three questions: (1) Can the wholesaler‘s

commission be lowered, and wholesale

abuses prevented? (2) Can the retailer’s

profits be reduced and their abuses abat-

ed? (3) To what extent and how can the

middleman be eliminated so that the pro-

ducer may sell as direct as possible to

the consumer?



I. Can Wholesaler’s Commission be Low-

ered and Abuses Prevented?



Through the elimination of the risks

due the method of assembling and dis-

tributing farm products, as‘shown in the

first of these articles, it is only reason-

able to expect that the commission charg-

ed by tho wholesale merchant or the

profit made by the wholesale jobber

should be decreased. There is some evi-

dence to indicate that these has been a

liglitdiminulion in such commissions and

profits. But numerous other abuses have

arisen, none of which need to be enu—

meraled to farmers. Farmers are already

too familiar with such practices as re—

porting goods to be sold as low grade

when they were sold as high grade; re-

porting hzilf the chickens (lead when but

five per cent were dead, and the making

of improper returns.



Another practice iis to lower the pub-

lished (Notations on goods sold, so that

it appears one 01' two cents below'the

price at which sales were actually made.

This fact was brought out in the recent

actiOn of the federal government in im-

posing a fine on the market commission

of Kansas City. Still another practice is

to misrepresent time of a sale. For in-

stance, if potatoes sell at 35 cents a

bushel in the morning, and the price

rises‘in;the- afternoon to 38 cents, the

commissicm man" reports sales as occur-

ring in'lthe morning; and pockets the

difference. '



There is at hand a means by which

such abuses may be reduced to a mini-

mum. This method has been adopted 'in





 





Texas, Oregon, Washington and Minne-"





 





MAY 17, 1918.





Reducing Distributing CoSts.-





By DR. CLYDE L. KING.





sota. Under it the wholesaler must ob-

tain a. license from some state authority,

filing a bond to the state for the benefit

of consignors. Under the Minnesota law,

the commission merchant must indicate

the exact minute and hour of the day

when the sale was made. This was to

avoid the abuses as to depressed quota-

tions just indicated. Of particular im—

portance are the provisions of the \Vash-

ington law authorizing the Commissioner

of Horticulture to hear and pass upon any

complaints by farmers; requiring the





books of such concerns to be kept open’





for inspection by the secretary, who also

has plenary powers of regulation and

supervision. This law gives to the farm-

er a direct and inexpensive method for

fci'reting out to what cxicnt he has been

injured and for securing compensation

for such injuries.



There is now before the Pennsylvania.

Legislature, a bill.pi'oviding for the li-

censing and bonding of persons engaged

in selling agricultural products on com-

mission. If payment for agricultural pro-

ducts consigned to Sili‘h merchants shall

not be made within .‘10 days after the: re-

ccipt of some, the farmer may enter suit

in any court for the recovery of sums

due him. This act is good, so far as it

goes, but it does not go far enough. It

protects the former from :rbsr-onding or

defaulting wholesale merchants. It also

protects the good name and business of

the rcliablc commission man. It is spe-

cifically weak, however, in that the farm

or must first go before a court to secure

redi'css. This method of redress is too

costly. The course is open to the farmer

now. The only additional advantages

that the low gives is the bond, so that

the former mo)’ have something to levy

upon in cusc thc commission merchant

docs not have suiilcicnt property in his

own name. The act is also inadequate

because it does not give the. Secretary of

Agriculture powci‘ to inspect the books.

That is, the machinery for redress is so

cumbersome and expensive that the small

farmers usually can not afford to go

through the process. It might just as

well have bcen made an administrative

matter, and the Secretary of Agriculture

givon adequate power in the premises.

Suchlnws elsewhere hch met the approv-

al not only of the farmer's but also of re-

liable commission men [is well.



Another remedy is to put

wholesale markets under

and control of the municipality.

New York Market Commission

caring a wholesale terminal municipal

market for New York City. It believes

that such a market will save curtage ex-

penses; for there, as in Philadelphia,

large quantities of food supplies are car-

ried past their point of destination to a

distributing center and then back again.

In Philadelphia, the farmer who comes

to the city to diSpose of his products at

Vine or Dock Street whoif. drives 10

miles through the heart of the city. His

goods are then purchased by a vendor

who drives back the ten miles and sells

them to the consumers along exactly the

same road that the farmer passed, Ade-

quate ter'minui wholesale- fil('i1iti€‘S might

do away with some of this extra cartage,

although it will also add to it in other

respects.



The terminal wholesale municipal mar-

kct would provide a conspicuous place for

producers to send to and on economic

stand so that they can sell cheaper, make

it possible for licensed gardeners and

farmers to Sell their articles of food, re-

duce the cost of distribution, provide

sanitary conditions for handling food—

stuffs, permit segregation of live poultry,

provide for storage of focd in time of

plenty against a time of Scarcity, elimi-

nate two classes of middlemen between

the producer and consumer, and put the

control of the food supply under therpub-

lie authority.



(Continued next week).





terminal

the ownership

The

is advo-





 





PAYING CROPS ON THE FARM.

The success of the farm dependsnupon

the crops that pay. If interested in A1-

falfa, Cowpeas, Soy Beans, Dwarf Essex

Rape, Good Seed Corn, Vetches, Good Seed

Beans, Mangel Wurzel, Turnips, in fact

any crop that pays to grow, white us and

ask for catalogue and prices. Our seeds

are well known, and always give the best

of satisfaction. Address

ALFRED J.'BROWN SEED, CO., .

Grand Rapids, Mich.

Mention the Michigan Farmer.-—-(Adv.),
My ’17, 1913.





NATIONAL one.» REPORT.





The Crop Reporting Board of the Bu-

reau of Statistics of the United States

Department of Agriculture estimates,

from the reports of correspondents and

agents of the Bureau, as follows:



On May 1 the area of winter wheat to

be harvested was about 30, 938, 000 acres,

or 4.5 per cent (1, 449 000 acres) less than

the area planted last autumn. but 16.4

per cent (4, 367, 000 acres) more than the

area. harvested last year, v17... 26,571,000

atoms.



The average condition of winter wheat



on May 1 was 91.9. compared with 91.6

on April 1, 79.7 on May 1, 1912, and 85.6

the average for the past ten years on

May .

A condition of 91.9 per cent on May 1

is indicative of a yield per acre of ap-

proximately 16.6 bushels assuming aver-

age variations to prevail thereafter On

the estimated area to be harvested 16.6

bushels per acre would produce 513, 571. -

000 bushels, or 28.4 per cent more than

in 1912, 19.3 per cent more than in 1911,

and 18. 3 per cent more than in 1910. The

out— turn of the crop will probably be

above or below the figures given above

according as the change in conditions

from May 1 to harvest is above or below

the average change.



The average condition of rye on May

1 was 91.0. compared with 893 on April

1, 87. 5 on May 1 1912. and 89. 6, the aver-

age for the past ten years on May 1.



The average condition of meadow (hay)

lands on May 1 was 88.5 compared with

85.7 on May 1, 1912, and a ten-year av-

erage on May 1 of 88.5.



Stocks of hay on farms May 1 are es-

timated as 10.828.000 tons (14.0 per cent

of crop), against 4.744,000 tons (8.6 per

cent) 011 May 1.1912. and 8,673,000 tons

(12.6 per cent) on May 1,1911.



' The average condition of pastures on





 





'May 1 was 87.1 compared with 81.7 on





May 1.1912 and a ten- -year average on

May 1 of 86. 1.



Of spring plowing 67.2 per cent was

completed up to May 1, compared with

52.8 per cent on May 1 1912 and a ten-

year average on May 1 of 65. 7



Of spring planting 57.0 per cent was

completed up to May 1, compared with

48.9 per cent on May 1, 1912. and a sev-

en-year average on May 1 of 54.3.





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





‘ Wheat—The condition of wheat is 83

in the state, 84 in the southern counties,

81 in the central counties. 85 in the north-

ern counties and 87 in the upper penin-

sula. The condition on April 1 was 82 in

the state, 83 in the southern counties, 79

in the central counties, 80 in the north-

ern counties and 94 in the upper penin-

Sula. The per cent of wheat that will be

plowed up because winter killed or oth-

erwise destroyed is 4 in the state, south-

ern and northern counties. 7 in the cen-

tral counties and 1 in the upper penin-

sula. The damage by Hessian fly, in

per cent is 5 in the state, 9 in the south—

ern counties and 1 in the central and

northern counties.



Owing to the light yield and inferior

quality of Michigan wheat for the year

1912, the grain suitable for milling and

shipping is practically all marketed; con-

sequently I think it unnecesasry to ask

the millers and grain dealers of the state

for any more reports! relative to wheat

marketed by farmers until the month of

August next, when .the 1913 crop will be

on sale.



Rye—The average condition of rye in

the state is 87. in the southern counties

'89, in the central and northern counties

88 and in the upper peninsula 94. The

condition one year ago was 81 in the

state, 77 in the southern counties, 80 in

the central counties, 88 in the northern

counties: and 96 in the upper peninsula.



Meadows and Clover.—-The condition of

meadows and pasture in the state and

southern counties is 89, in the central

counties 85, in the northern counties 88

and in the upper peninsula 95.



The acreage of clover sown as com-

pared with last year is 94 per cent in the

state, 96 in the southern counties, '92 in

the central counties, 95 in the northern

counties and 93 in the upper peninsula.

The acreage of clover that will be plowed

up because winter-killed or otherwise de-

stroyed is 10 per cent in the state, 9 in

the southern counties, 13 in the central

counties, 8 in the northern counties and

3 in the upper ptninsula.



Oats—The acreage sown, or that will

be sewn, as compared with last year is

99 in the state. 98 in the southern and

northern counties, 100 in the central coun-

ties and 105 in the upper peninsula.



Spring Pigs and Lambs—The per cent

of spring pigs saved as compared with

1912, is 89 in the state, 88 in the south—

ern and central counties, 91 in the north-

ern counties and 94 in the upper openin-

Sula. The per cent of lambs saved as

compared with 1912, is 93 in the state,

southern and central counties, 91 in the

northern counties and 98 in the upper

peninsula.



Farm Wages—The average monthly

wages with board. is $27.77 in the state,

$28.44 in the southern counties, $26.55 in

the central counties, $26.59 in the north-

ern counties and $30.68 in the upper pe-

ninsula.



The average wages by the day without

board is $1.68 in the state, $1.75 in the

southern counties, $1.58 in the central

counties, $1.57 in the northern counties





.and $1. 85 in the upper peninsula.





The average wages in the state last

year, by the month with board was $26. 48

and the average wages by the day with-

out board was $1. 59.



In 1904, ten years ago, the average

wages in the state by the month was

$22. 20 and the average wages by the day

without board was $1. 34.



Fruit. ”Reports from all sections of the

state indicate a decided increase in the

prospect of. the various kinds of fruit

over the 1912 report.





\





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





No Butter Fat Lost





When You Uoo

"Cream





‘ 9 3

Auto1 1 matic CSeparator.





It skims faster than ten men can milk. And

the skimming' is absolutely even, because the

speed is uniform.

It therefore skims

closer than any

. hand ower mach-



.ine.. o butter fat

is lost.





“AUTOMATIC”





. Cream Senaralors

Self-powered. Sep-

arator and engine a

compact unit. They

are so solidly com—

bined that thereisn't

a chance for vibra-

tion of the bowl

which spins at high.

even speed forhours.

he AUTOMATIC“ is

almost a neces-

sity where eight

cows ormore are

milked. Write for catalog 13





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Big

It wasn't just: an “accident" or a matter of “luck"

that made the Saginaw the lenvding Silo. There

are reasons. Good reasons. FIV 1 good reasons.





Here they are: The Patented Angle Steel Rib.

the Spline-Dowel. the Saginaw nee Anchor

the Sn lnuw Inner Anchor. and the All-Steel

Door ame. No wonder the Saginaw laughs at.

wind storms. No wonder 587 cinuinuws have been

sold in a single day. No wondhr five big factories

are needed to supply. the Saginaw demand. Farmers

and Stockmen al over the country are simply doe

lighted with the “Sn lnaw. " And you will be. too.

when you get our Boo which pictures and describes

the Saginaw. The Book is I'll HIE. 8( 11d 11 postnl

for Book No. 42 and it will come by return mail.





The McClure Co. (formerly Former: Handy Wagon Co.)





Saginaw. Mich. Don Moines,r Iowa Cairo, 111.

Minnesota Transfer, Minn. tWWorth Texas





Save $501035300





I absolutely guarantee to save you $50 to





on anys Galloway giasoline engine. hMade in

sizes from 1 84b of. to 15 M fun hf‘ engine

-—without on can on the market-oello for 8 9. 50 for

the next 60 day. only! Buy nowl Same size costs

8225 8300 through youdidooler. Think of it! 0ver80, 000





All sold on some. liberal, free 90





 





 





 





 

 





 





 

 





 





   

 

 

   





Galloway o0 no: in use 1

Day Trial 011?: lmko younoynd all giving «defection. Isn't that

proof enough





Get My Catalog and Low IiirectPrices





Write me before you buy any

other style or d.make Get my cats-

log and low direct price on the

famous Galloway line of frost-

geoof, ,water cooled engines. Free .



rv1ce Dopartmcntoty our-dia-



polsn . My specialfl i918 oflerh will be}

you not on and u

out coal: to you.

WILLIAM GILLOWAY COMPANY,

185 Galloway Station. Waterloo. low.





   

 

 

 





 





 





This new Gilson

Engine represents

the greatest value ever before offered in I

gasoline engine.





GILSON W





Write tOdang for the proof and the facts. If

you are lo

(or the best en-

3 i n 9 ba r g a. i 11

there is, this I: it.

GIUOI IFO. 00.

M Park St.

PLWoshlngton.

Wis.





 





 





 





You Can’t Grow AlFALFA





if your soil is "sour” or acid. To secure a suc.

cessiul “catch” the soil must. be limed. Write us

TODA Y for special prices on the genuine n19.8-

nesian lime rock direct to you in socks or bulk.

We ship quick from Muskegon and Benton

Harbor. Send for sample and booklets.





LAKE SHORE STONE C0., Milwaukee, Wis.





WANTED FARM WITH STOCK

For $3000 equity, Chicago Store and Flat,





Income 846 per month, incumbrance $1500.

ABBAM ROKS. 61 48 Wentworth Ave..Chicam.





E. 2. [MG CATCHER





cuckoo any size with one pull.

He walks out. freely. Free circular.





BAILEY & PHILLIPS, Belovan, Ill.

FARMERS and STOCKMAN





Bond 250 for sample of the latest thing in tie ro

for horses. cattle. shoe ,oolves. 'eto. .. fl.egumlpe pod w 1111

patent- rope buckle. o adjustinng time put

on B1 sel.ler Special terms to ngqnts.

BARK R MFG 00.. Rochester. ewflYork.





WANTW TO BUY 12: Efditufi‘imoéiw





W. n. H. WEBT ouster. 0





 





 





 

 





4

”W”





 





 





 





1mm. macro".

CATTLE. '





Aberdeen-An us.

Herd. consisting of Trojan Eric». B aokbirds and

W. the RAND





Pridee. onoi . is headed bbe 'iwm Ml hi d

0 can an





CHAMPIO bull at. the

City Fairs of 1912 on ”he roof winners at thee?





Fa round at THE INT RNATIONAL . Ohio

1912. WOODCOT ES STOCK FARM. Ionla.





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES.

YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.

HICKS FUEINSI'Y, FARM. Saginaw. W. 8.. Mich.



Bulls, ready for service. aLarge





In "Us. amrnfly Yorkshire hogs. yet

Come or write. JOHN EBELS 0.1101131113111311.





 





UERNSEYS—Bull calves. reg“ tuberculin tested. Splen-

did breeding. Moderate price- Wlldomoro Farm. W ster-

vliet, Mich. ,K. Blatchford, Auditorium Tower. Chicago. ill.





IIEIIEFORII BULLS l-‘0ll SALE 61133: $333.





ALLEN BROS“ Paw Paw. Michigan.





HOI E Bull Calves from A. R. 0. dams. Sired by

our erd sire whose dam and aire’s dam each made





over 30 lbs. in 7 days E. R. Cornell. Howell. Mich.





A FEW ClolCEf Holstelln eFriAeaiafil Ball €313?





GREGORY 81 BORDENS.a 1IIowelI. Michigan.





80! SALE—IIILS'I'I'IIN BULL CALF





une site a sonof the Kin of the



Pontioos from o o h r of oneerveld 9.110]

in calf. . do on r of Sadieo Vale

oordla’oPaul “Betchhorduna lb. importedoow.

D. 8. LEWIS. Marshall. Mich.





OLSTEIN BULLS—well bred. at. reasonable prices.





Barred Rook Chickens from 15 your: broodin mGood

layers eggs 15 for 81. W. B. Jones, Oak Grove. Mich.





Purebred Rezlotored





H OLSTE IN CATTLE





s“Id‘l‘ho Greatest Dolry Brood

Sondfor FREE tum Bookbh

Maintain-Friction. Auc.. Box I“. Brottloboro.Vt.





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Choice bull calves from 2 to 8 mo. old. of fashion-

able breeding and from demo with oflcial milk

and butter records for sale at reasonable prices.

MoPHERSON FARMS GO.. Howell. Mlohlaan.





Service Bulls and Bull Calves





Slred by Johanna Gorcordla Champion,





whose sire ’s dam and dam’ a dam average 31 06

lbs. butter in7 days. average fat 4 .67 % Also cows

and heifers bred to him. I can offer you bulls at

bargain prices. Try me and see. and do it. quick.





L. E. CONNELL,

Fayette. - - -





Bigeluw’s Holstein Farms





Broodsvillo, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





FAIR LAWN FARM





Offers the following young





Ilolslein Friosian Bull





Prince Sarcastic—





Fine in form and breeding. Beautifully marked.

Sure to please you.





REED & KNOWLES, Howell, Mich.

IIATCII IIEIII) IIOLSTEIN 1‘18?iii:i§f’°f£i‘£





onuble prices. HATCH HERD. Ypsilanti Michigan.





 





 





Ohio.





 





 





 





OLST EIN Bull. month old. Dam. rand-daughter

Piotertie Hengorveld Count DeKo: sire, grand-

son of Pontiac Kornd1 ke who have 12 dan hters from 30

1:038 lbs. 860, delivered. Hobart. W. Fay. neon, Mich.





FOR SALE—figg‘fl‘f BUII).fit8tf$i{ service

WM. J. MORGAN. Saginaw. w. s Michigan,





BUTTER BRED JERSEY“ BULLS





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARML.E

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





 





 





 





They Keep It Up





There are some cattle that give more



milk when the are fresh than aJersey.



gut there lsn any breed that givesu

cb milk





The Jersey





at as small feeding cost. nor is there

any breed of cattle that will keep it up

like Jerseys will, year in and year out.





That’ 3 why you ought to buy Jerse s to

increase your berd' s efficiency. end

for Jersey facts.



AMERICA! JERSEY CATTLE 01.178





 





33‘ w. 384 38., New York





 





Lillie Farmstead Jerseys

(Tuberculin tested. .oGuar nteed free from Tuber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

flood dairy cows for 115.16 No females for e at

present. Satisfaction fluoron



COLON C. LILLIE. Cooper-ville. Mich.





-—Re lsteredd Jersey Ootte tuberculin test-

For saleed ell-glullsand bull oulveo’:e Lemar and heifer





calves: cows wit Register of Merit and ow Testing

Association records IRV VIN FOX Alleunn. Mich.





FOR SALE—JEéRfSElY EULLI CALF,

high class ancestry. WATea 8511038 15W tserv TEOBMXAON.

Meadowland Farm, 11.11.116.111: Arbor. M1 1.0]:





«Bulls ready for service. bred f1

JOI'OOVS p1oduotion. Also cows and heifego

Brookwoter Farm. RF. D. No. .Ann Arbor, Mich.



-+-Two thorou bred Bed Foiled



For sale bull calves kgeoob. Firstoheck

gets them. Also Po oheron Sta lion and Mares and

hotlond Ponies. E RA BRACKETT.AlleguL Mich.





son a notchjow a... ...222- ‘91315’3‘52’1°322

Micht? 8’1qu Bo E‘fikfi Devil In: on 14.2.1180”.





 





 





 





 





17—“597





llairi Shorihorn:‘.i‘.’il.‘fi.fi$“df3?§fi%3£‘f§52:





1. t. 1

N° .100 °"‘_‘1°K'iv§rr.mu. No. 1. wmnnet. Mich.





Dairy Bred Shonhorns‘fiistifi'é





at. present. J. B HUMMEL. Macon, Michic_o___n.





Scotch WShllrllmrn Bulls and Heller: For Sale.





W. W. NAPP. Howell. Michlgan.

SHEEP.





“1111111111 up 1101111 311111111" 2112;168:1222:

PARSONS. “T2222.“ .2222 22.232 9122.





REGISTERED HA MPSHIREss

7 1 fine Rom. 3 Ewesd: d3 Lambs. all for $5

0.1). W.OODBURY Lansing. Mich.





lie . llambuillol Sheep, Pm Brod Poland China





H( S and PEBCHERON HORSES. 2“ mileo

E. MOI-rice, on G. T. R. R. and M. U. R. J.Q. A. 000K.





Shropshires for Sale

Achoice refistored flock of forty head.

Address LONG EACH FARM. Augusta. Mich,





SHROPSHIRES Cd DUROCS





ROPE-ICON FARM. 'Klnderhook. Michigan.

H005.

—A Desirable Bunch of Sowe of





Dunc: ‘1 “dorm: Either Breed due April and May.

M. T. Story. 3.11.48 Lowell. Mich. City Phone 56.





III'IIIKSIIIIIES 0323521" ”53359 ”3381‘3‘311'55832

stock. ELMHUBS STOCK 1111lel Almont. Mich.





' — 8th I b I:

Quick "alluring Berkslnm gfuumfg “find...”

or money rofu «1.0.8 BARTLETT. P011 lac. Mich.

o i 0 —Big growthy type. last. fall Hilts and this

o spring furrow to offer. Very good stock.





Scott No.1 hand of herd Farm 3-6 mlle west of depot.

OTTO B. SCHULZF‘. NashvilloLMIch.





O —Servl(eable boars all sold. flows

0 bred for August. furrow

GEO. P. ANDREWS. Danovlllo. Inshom 0011111011.





Write me for

O. I. C. SWIN mm, 3,...“

Pigs. pairs and trios. ntot akin. ave a number

of sex-V100 molesA of goodt ENE Write me describing

of your wants. 608 .No. 2 Don. Mich.





CHESTER WHITE ‘SONS 11.9153





ERS of CHAMPIONS and GRNADD CHAMP-

IONS. S rln pi now weaned and readv for ship-

ment. B NN E B AE FARM, Algonac. Michigan.





 





 





0

saw WEIGI'IED 932 L38.





23 MONTHS OLD





I have started more breeders on the road to suc-

cess than any man living. I have theiargcst and tin-

est herd in thoUS.Ever1 one an earl y developer.

ready for the market at six months old. I want to



lace one hos in each community to advertise my

or .erto for my plan.‘ ‘How to Make Money from

Boa a." o. a. BENJAMIN. mm. 1 o Pom-no. 1111.11.





 





 





o ' c5 —all sold. Orders booked for April

I I s and May pfls of the choicest. breeding

C. J. THOMPSON. ockford. Mich! son





0 l 95 —All sold, nil! book orders for

o 0 So Manh p

ALBERT NEWMAN. 132119119. Michigan





 





0 C9 —Bred sows, March iga pairs and

tries. Bull Rook H0155“ 8160 per15

FRED NICKEL R. 1. Monroe, Michigan.



0 l C’s—All a on. growth. and large. Males



. 0 ready. 00toseleotfrom. Attractive rioes

on young stock. H. H. JD U.MP Munith. 10.71





1212.0 1.212.115.2221. 2221:2222

Broolgwater Farm. R. F. D..No 7. 2111111313311." 1531':

IIUIIOC JERSEY £39m? ”1‘23 [gigs 3181121731





E. J. DRODT. a. No. 1. clam-cc. Michigan.





MILES ILL 80'. ll BUI OIEJW‘ 1181” titifi'imd‘flfiz





Station A. Bay City. Mich. RoutJe 4 Box8

UBOOS BRED SOW S all sold. Service Boers $40





to $50. Jenner-ill. pigsO 812 to $15. either sex Satisfac-

tl'On guaranteed 0.0011 Route 2. Stanwood. Mich.





IIIIIIOC JERSEYS—88E!) Gills FOR SALE.





CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.





Punoc JERSEY Gll'l's—Bred for July and August.

furrow. Write for prices,



Ipoythe express. J. H. BANGHART. Lancin8.Mich.



—Essex p13. to 8 weeks old. from



For sale Miohigangs6 oldedst herd. 8.116 money by



buying while Pyou nfv edn for catalog and low

prices. Elli,i 8040311 815.. Flint. Mich.





POLANII CIIINAS'Ii‘fil‘. 18811211933117.2811?





Prices right. W. J. HAGELSH H.AW Augusta. Mich.





Butler’s Big Bone Poland Chinas





We have a low nlco fall boars. also some big sows

bred for fall fartow. Our hogs are all cholera proof.

J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Michigan.





Big kTypo Poland China Pl 2‘ “.2” 13m“

lper 15. 11.0313ng108ng 67913387983151?





 





 





 





lu'ga Typ. P c—Largest in Michigan. Bred ilta





have some

and Oct. pigs that havle sham bone and qualftoy.d well.





your wants or come and cum aid if n tw -

presented Freelivery. W. E. Laingstgn. Parmgdaaigfi.





-—Eh' i111 . wuss.

"LAND CIINASBt ‘ °’ 2.1:: .1 . 10. $3133?





P. D. LONG. R. No. 8. “Gran Rapids. Michigan.





ll’.A C. ABIIARS AND SOWS“‘,’“° £29335?





A. WOOD £1 SON. Saline. Hichlcan.





LARGE Torkfhires-Ohoipoeibreeding stock. all agel.

from

areas furnished. we. (1001i3 11.!)4'2321‘1'11327331. 171933;.





llllla Farmslead YllllKSlllllES





Spring bred lite all sold. Gilte bred for next August

furrow. n8,“ mber pigs either sex. ppairo and tries

notch odfor a flu





GEOLONe C. LILLIB. ooporlvlllo. Mich





 





When writing advertisers please:





mention The Michigan Farmer.
598—18





 





 





 





     





”THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





'\





MAY 17, 1913.





 





 

 

 





85 YEAR\ ‘

(OI/MAN]?!

$32....2;.,£. «~13

_ , v;; ‘7 “hwy/u

”and? ‘71:?le





   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 





 





MUTUAL BUGGIES are reco nized everywhere II

standard—proves the best. 0n y line lust-ante“! for

5 years. Sold direct cutting out middlemen's profits

and saving you $25.00 to $45.00 on each buggy.

This Fine Model Retails

Style 6. L. Only $29.50 at $55.00

Delivered Price on request. .

Other styles have twin auto and triple auto seats.

with automobile top. Also Surreys,Spring Wagons,

Form Wagons. Farm ‘l‘rucks. etc. All at lowest

wholesale prices—Sent on approval—Guaran-

teed topleose or your money back.





MUTUAL HARNESS is the best on the



market—made 0 highest {rude Patel-3952118533?

' In 0 o e



Reference- (U irec I luv g lN'l‘l'gED.





s.lll.Nai'l. FULLY GUAM

“'





Single buggy harness $5.85



per set up: double .

up ; work harness,$l§.00 up.



' Delhered Prices. C“ ’

Mutual Carriage d Harness Mlg. C0,.

Station 51-E East St. Louis, 111.





51-19 27 E. Monroe St., Chicago,lll.





   





 

 

 





 





   

 

 

 





 

 





or Sta.





 





 





$ 90 FOR THIS

2 DANDY GATE





" These gates are not A

aspeclallotbuiltdown ’e‘e'ofih‘égte'o'e .

to a low price. but are ' « >.0.o.0.t.o.t,o.t.ooo.t.4

full of the same dual- HMNMMM

. . 00 000000000

ity. satisfaction and N 0.0.9 0.9.9.9.

durability which can 9 f

be obtained in any of our -

trlpIo-gaivanlzod, high-

earbon ates





I .. ‘b o . .

. 00

~ 000.00. ‘

Iowa Gates ° stems . .





The filling of this serviceabl

extra close diamond mesh. Gate has strong frame. pat-

ent latch, etc. Comes in all sizes; plain and fancy tops.

Style E Farm Gate, illustrated below, is another

leader sold at a much lower price then asked for other

gates of its kind. Painted or galvanized. All sizes.

The best lumber dealer in your town has these

ates on sale. if you don’t know_ his name, write us

or booklet, name of dealer, specml prices, etc.





IOWA GATE 00., 57 Clay St“ Cedar Falls. la.





 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

 

 

 





asoliiie Engine-s

5:44.332?





FACTORY

PRICES





80 Days Free Trial—You Run No Risk





The Witte is conceded the best engine

in America. Made by E. H. Witte. mas-

ter builder for 25 years. Ask any Witte

user. Any size from 1% to 40horse-power

all tested to ten per cent overload. 61

special advantages.





And You Now Pay Only

FACTORY PRICE





We cut out all dealers-dheir profits go

to you. You also get the full benefit of

our low factory cost. We have no power

expense at our plant, as we own our gas

well: testing heatinglilghting fuel, all free.



Take a. 60 day trio . ive year guarantee.

Write for book, "How to Judge a. Gasoline En-



ine," and complete catalog. Our wholesale



aetory prices will interest you mightily. Write

NOW, telling us also engine you need.

WITTE IRON WORKS CO.

1193 Oakland Ave. Keno-o city. Mo.





The WITTE

Cuts Gasoline

Bills in Half





 





   

   

 

 

   

 

   





 





DlCKELM AN Extra

“Cluster” Metal Tile





Cheaper Than Wood or Slate

100 Percent Better Than Either





u x





 





~ « »“la n





 





   

 





 





-» ‘ ' ’ _ --4

‘NNNh—I-‘r-x A" “i





 





Ehwdi‘vt‘mk-J





mlSNlQN§QN§§i





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





Positively proof against (ire, lightning, Windstorm

or rust. Fit perfectly tight with lock and flange

No water can seep through. _ No soldering—just

hammer and nails. Cost 0 laying will not exceed

25 cents per square. Made from DICKELMAN

EXTRA best quality 0 en hearth plates. If you

want a perfect roof at a ow cost put on





DICKELMAN EXTRA

“CLUSTER” SHINGLES





If your"dealer does not handle them write us di-

rect—don’t accept any cheap substitute.

DICKELMAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY

66 Ciormley St,, Forest, Ohio.

We also make Corrugated,V-crim ed and Roll Roofing.

Ask for catalog an prices.





 





 





til.



i



r .

‘\|¥MII‘\ i '. awn .3233“ ""0 ' flint; ‘ 'h.‘-‘-_‘:‘"V' t rilll (fl‘ll

“will fir v“ V s “““liLlL





 





 





FENCE PRICES BUSTED

15 is:





bu 5 this High Grade Ho Fencing" heavier

Ella}; usual kinds offered. inoheshigh, 7 bars.

weigh? about 613%. to It: :réod,]€ll lfieighits at pro or-

tiona 8 prices. inc ou ry enc ng



strongest built. rod-...- .._...........'..z c





s1 .25 {fig oAL'VAmzro WIRE





This rice is for No. 6 an . Other sizes in pro-

rtioii? This is our Gslvlniged gin-e Shorts put up 100 lbs.

Ego bundle. suitable for Fencing and gene 9





B WIRE





Best and strongest: standard , ,

weight. Made of No.12 gauge, , $ 1 95

galvanized.putup1001b5.toareel,per1001bs. I





FENCE CATALOGUE FREE 3:932:13:





Fencing,WireGates, Lawn Fence. Fence Posts.etc.

Chicago House Wroeld n; 60.. Dept. L42 . Chlcazo





 





 





 





 





Fill Your Silo 33.5.32?





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





M 11‘

2‘5" ROSS ruff; $3353.:

Years You take no risk

Experience

Back of it. ‘

_





 





1_ largest

III the World



We want to prove that our machines are a

good investment before you give up your

money. We know they are so good that we do

not feel it a risk to make this offer. Many new

features have been added which you should know about

before buying a machine. Catalog explains all. It is free.





The E. W. Ross 60.. Box 114 Springfield, 0.





 





 





 





Slop Pitching Hziywfloisl It





Don't break your back lifting. Put your engine to work.

Let it save you time and earn money driving an





Ireland Holst





Saves one man and two horses. Strong,



beavy,durable, fully guaranteed. We ul-



so build Drag Saws, Wood Saws, Shin.



glc Mills, Saw mills. Send for literature.



Ireland Machine a Foundry 00.,

33 State St... Norwich. N. Y.





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





l I '

' .- . L

For allow-poem. Dimtlroin tseto .

_ . . M! prepaid. f!

H .4 H : {Bargain Prices-13c per rod up

’4 V‘s." Getoin-newteneebookbelore

H P‘ P‘ a ,4 f‘ you‘biiy fence for Horses. Cat-

ifi‘ p. f. tie. Sheep, Hogs. Poultry. Etc.

If" - W Also Lawn Fence and Gates

H - ' ' ll

quality. {lamenting $1743: W

D‘ ‘9 THE BROWN FBNG U WIRE 60., CLBVBLAND. OHIO





 





   

 

 





llse flog! Shingles





I , ‘° lIs

and Save Big Money .3. m,

Send for amazing low g, .‘i’

factory-price on genuine 53'

Edwards Steel 8 ingles. .

Theiy beat wood shingles

an repared roofing 9.

MIL , yet cost much less. .

And we pay freight l i‘\.





“MM“ 5333]





are guaranteed rust-proof. fire-proof. lightning-proof and

weqtlter-proof-due to our famous Tightcote Process. No

pqmtmg. no patching, no hiring mechanics—any man can

quickly lay them. Made in big sheets ready to put on over old

roof or sheathing. Every Edwards roof is guaranteed against

lightning by a $10,000 Guaranty Bond. Over 100,000 Edwards

roofs in U. S. Made by biggest sheet-metal maker in the world.

Postal sent now brings Catalog 507 and Special Factory

Prices by return mail. Give size of roof it you can. (88)





the Edwards Mfg. co.. 517-567 lock sr.. Cincinnati. 0.





   





 





 





   





 





 





 

 

 

 





“ . - . ” Cost less ‘

W 68195 last 5Times as long i ~





   

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 

 

 





'11 save you big money on your farm

astonishingly low prices on CAN'T-SAG OAT

't aflord to build no or clumsy. all wood gate. My

ojor short-lived stee .wire and gas pipe gates. I \





 





—

Can

on you 18



lo





(6) Son Gate Catalo





   





 

 





 





 





ll m‘ I

ll "_ g — .I

ll ‘ ' 7‘ ”T " I

Ii “ —— — ll

Ii ' in

II w — —_ -_ l

.l I

III -

:2: w w...— —————— m ...l





i

l





’ —'5

30 Days Free Trial Year Guarantee

- Bodaafreetrial a i as m t '5'.“ -ee

9 an I 3 DE ' .

- ‘i'v "3' bruise: nuclei-ls. °" 'igédc'ihiiaé’ifihi'ififidEigkgiii‘i‘igiiihm'

. _ coupe ' - . ‘. '

on! nth-Damned or unpainted or if you prefer you can order 'ust the GiTllEméglyEtlil’lgnv‘vhifiylgggggi 11- ’





, fl.





 





ates. My new catalog quotes such ,

AND GATE STEELE that you simply

FREIGHT PAID PRICES are half what others





 

 





 

 





'wo. ' a

verytliing b tth b .

Oates in 80 minutes. guildss VE tlcmfigllfim build your own





game 13'”... Special Features

to tw 4 i ‘ gm



upfights fifigtfiu °a°¥§us§§n°afci§9L£m tn



en creed F- l 0 "JOE. teswinu ensll both



ways—g ways hum- an e endpoint). Elevation Attoe men



(faults: at slight l l JIM-écgermh its We," 1



eastern-no” ' "dfirachi’ o’r'fi. g mull":





I"

“I 1....‘J.‘





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

So far as the purity of the product is

concerned, olive o_il is second in import-

ance only to butter. \Ve belieVe that

probably of the edible fats, butter-fat has

been subjected more to adulteration than

has any other. VVit'hout doubt, however,

olive oil has been nearly as widely adul-

terated as has butter: Like pure butter-

fat, pure olive oil enjoyed a very distinct,

wholesome reputation. For a great many

years it has been almost the sole vege-

table oil extensively used for edible pur-

poses wherein the characteristic flavor

and pmperties of the oil have been items

of consideration. ,



Olive oil, when pure, is a very choice

article of commerce, and with the in-

creasing use of salads and the like, the

demand for high grade olive oil has been

rapidly and steadily increasing. There is

also a very distinct difference among the

different grades of oliVe oil, and one is

apt to become prejudiced against the pro-

duct if he does not come in contact with

the very best grade. We believe that

much of the adultcraiion of olive oil has

been possible just because of a lack of

general familiarity with the qualities of

the best product.



Standards.



The standards which have been adopted

by the United States Pharmacopoeia and

the Food and Drugs Act, do not distin-

guish between the different grades of

olive oil. Naturally this must be so, be-

cause these standards are concerned

merely with the question of purity, and

not with the question of excelleiicy. The

requirements of the i'nited States Phar—

macopoeia are as follows:



Specific gravity ill 77 degrees F., should

be between 0.910 and 0.915. Iodine value

not less than 80 nor more than 88. Su-

ponification value from 191 to 195. Read-

ily soluble in other, chloroform and car-

bOn disulphide. Very slightly soluble in

alcohol. ‘



Source of Olive Oil.



Olive- oil is the oil obtained from the

sound, mature fruit of the cultivated olive

tree. It should be free from any ran-

cidity. Commercially. the best olive oil

is known as virgin olive oil, and is taken

from the. first pressing of the carefully

selected fruit. The oil is suspended in

the fruit in a. watery fluid and exists in

the fruit to the extent of about 50 per

cent. The lowcSt grade of oil is obtained

from the olive pits or stones, sometimes

obtained through pressure, and some-

times by the use of Suitable solvents,

such as gasoline; or carbon disulphide.



As stated above, it is usually the lower

grades of olive oil that are most subject.

to adulteration. There is no vegetable

oil with which we are familiar that ap-

proaches the delightful flavor of the pure

virgin olive oil. It is popularly supposed





‘ that the best grades of the oil are yellow





in color. This is not true. The very

purest virgin olive oil has a very light

green color and its consistency is quite

watery and free from the thick viscous

nature of the lower and yellower and

browner grades.



Cottonseed Oil an Adulterant.



The chief adulicrant of olive oil has

been until very recently, cottonseed oil,

and we understand that it has been the

practice to ship abroad from this country

cottonseed oil, which was then refined in

Italy and Spain and returned to this

country either labeled as olive oil, or

mixed as an adulterant with olive oil.

The paSSiiig of the National Food and

Drug Act has almost entirely done away

with this practice, as the government in-

spectors at the ports of entry have made

it very impractical for importers to hun-

dlel this sophisticated article. Cottonseed

oil is quite readily detected in the lab-

oratory, and when it became inexpedient

Ito adulterate olive oil with cottonsed oil.

various other vegetable oils began to be

introduced into the product, the principal

one being peanut oil.



Peanut Oil is New Used as an

Adulterant.

Peanut oil is a very clever adulterant in

connection with the product. The prin-

cipal means of detecting it is by deter-

mining the amount of arachidic acid pres-

ent in the oil. Here again, some gross

and serious errors have been made in the

laboratory in determining the presence





 





‘ .of arachidic acid, and as a. consequence,





 





 





@HIIIIHIIIIHIIIlllllllllllllllll|lllllillllllllllllllIllllllllllllllIllllllll|IlllllllllllHI|||||Illllllll||IllIllllIlllllIlllllllIllIlllllllll|||||lll|llllllll|Illlll!||lllllllllllllllllll|IlllllIlllllllllllIlllIlll|||l|||ll|||Illllllllllllllllllllllg

E . . ‘

E g

E "a“

= O E—

: P 1‘ nodes] SC1€nC€ ;

Emil"|IlllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllIlilllllllllIllll|Illll|l|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillIlllIlllllllllIlllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllll|ll|IlllIlllIll|Illl|llllllIllllillIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllililIllllilllllllllllllfi



OLIVE OIL. reporting the oil as adulterated with pea-





nut oil. The best for arachidic acid, while

Quite simple in so far as the technique

described in text books is concerned, in

reality requires a considerable degree of

skill, especially in interpreting the re-

sults. After the arachidic acid has been

isolated, the analyst should determine

very carefully the exact melting point of

the crystals before he should presume in

any instance to pass judgment on the

same. A very desirable way of analyzing

olive oil is to carry along in each in-

stance, under exactly the same conditions

with the analysis, a sample of olive oil

of known purity. In this way, the alalyst

is much less apt to pass snap judgment

on the sample.



Among other‘adulterants of olive oil

are sessame oil, rape seed oil, corn oil,

c0coanut oil and certain animal oils, such

as lard oil.



The Liking for Olive Oil May Easily be

Acquired if One Selects the Best

Grade.



Olive oil is being used quite largely as

a diet correctaut, and because of its

pleasant and agreeable taste, it can be

taken very regularly and one soon ac—

quires a liking for it. To those who have

tried without success, the taking of olive

oil, we sugest that if they secure this oil

to corespond with the general character-

istics we have mentioned herein. it will

be much easier to naming the habit for

olive oil. One may judge by the color

and fluidity very closely regarding the

purity of the oil. It should be light green

in color, and very fluid without being

viscid. On salullS, such {is lettuce and

tomatoes, with pure aromatic cider 01'

malt vinegar, and with pure spices, there

is scarcely a more agreeable or palatable

dish.





 





_





TUBERCULOSIS,





 





Some of the best work that has been

done by those studying the relation of bo-

vine to human tuberculosis is from Dr.

Park and his associates. Dr. Park is

connected with the Research Laboratory

of the Department 01' Public Health of

New York city. They have recently re-

ported a study of 252 tuberculous chil-

dren under five yours of age, each case

studied individually. Of these 252, there

were 201 due to bacilli of the human type

and 51 to the so—(rallcd bovine type of

the tubercle gci'm; or about 20 per cent

due to the bovine type. They have also

completed a study of 1,511 cases of tu-

berculosis of all ages, 1118 list including

478 cases of their own. Of this total

number there were 368 cases among chil-

dren under five years of age; and of

these 368 cases 292 were due to germs of

the human type, and 76 to the so-callcd

bovine type of tubercle germs. If we

accept the. View that the germ from the

human and the germ from the bovine

are merely different varieties of the same

germ, then, of course, human tuberculosis

and bovine tuberculosis become identi-

cal. If, on the OillOl‘ hand, we hold to

the view that there are two distinct

types, then at the same time we must

concede that the lllllllzlll being is Sus-

ceptible to the bovine type, and that

about 20 per cunt of tuberculosis in chil-

dren under five years of age is due to

that germ.



On a recent report on the relative pre-

valence of liumzin and bovine tubercle

germs in bone and joint tuberculosis of

children, there are included 70 patients,

each one studied critically. All were

children under 12 years of age except

three. Of the 70 cases of bone and joint

tuberculosis, the bovine variety of the

germ was present in 41 crises and the

human in 26. Both varieties were found

in three cases. Where there were his-

tories of tuberculosis in the families, 71

per cent of the cases were due to the

human type. Where there was no family

history, only 17 per cent were due to the

human type, and about 82 per cent to

germs of the so-called bovine type.



StntiStics on a large average show that

about two tuberculin reacting cows out

of nine give virulent milk, capable of in-

fecting experimental animals. The other

seven cows give milk that does not at

the time seem capable of causing such

infection. There is no means, practical

on a, large scale, for detecting the cow

that gives dangerous milk. Cows with

tubercular udders practically all give vir-

ulent milk.~—-Minn. Ex. Bulletin No. .82.
» whom are critically ill.» —A.‘-. L,





MAY 17, 1913.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER'





 





 





grillIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllHllIllill|llIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfl

g Grange.

ElllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi





EXTENDING GRANGE USEFULNESS.

—III.





“The task of agricultural education will

never be c0mplete until we seek to reach

the very last man on the farm with the

best things,” said President K. L. But-

terfield, at Kalamazoo, in March, speak~

ing to 300 people assembled to confer

with him concerning rural affairs.



For 47 years the Grange has been con-

cerned with the effort “to reach the last

man on the farm with the best things.”

Sometimes it has led, again it has fol-

10wed other institutions in the quest.

There never was a time when it was

nearer the goal; nor a time when it

might see so clearly how distant is that

same goal, as today. There is still a

wide gulf between "the last man” and

“the best things” agriculturally, albeit

great movements are stirring to bring

them together. Greatest of all present

movements is that one which aims at co-

operation which, in reality, includes all

others of whatever name. And for co-





' operation in theory the Grange stands, if





it stands for anything. The difficulty

now is to assist in applying it practically

so as to carry the “best things” into the

byways to “the last man.” It means

working shoulder to shoulder with those

we never have co-operated with both in

and outside the Grange.



‘One form of possible co-operation which

is tapping at our doors today is that of

the county farm bureau. Great diversity

of opinion is held by individual patrons,

and exactly opposite actions are being

taken by different Granges, which alone

shows the need for thorough investiga-

tion and deliberate action on the subject.

At best the whole matter is in a hazy

state, so new that as yet it has taken no

form that universally prevails.



It is certain that pure paternalism on

the part of city business men will be re-

sented by country business men. Just

as certain is it that no one can possibly

object to the farmers of a county form-

ing an association among themselves for

promoting the rural welfare of that coun-

ty from any and every standpoint they

may see fit. Both of these plans for.

farm improvement exist now, together

with. many other plans in between. Some

counties hire a “secretary,” “manager,"

“demonstrator," “agent,” “expert.”—call

him what you will—others do not. Where

employed, in some instances this field

man devotes special efforts to soil im-

provement, in some to alfalfa and forage

crops, in some to seeking better markets

and to standardizing the products offered

for sale, in some he is active in strength—

ening and extending organizations among

farmers. Varying forms of this idea have

been variously launched—~by the federal

government, by agricultural colleges, by

bankers, by city boards of trade, and by

farmers alone. In all of these the Grange

will find material for study and compar-

ison.



Here, then, is a. large opportunity for

extending Grange influence outside its

own borders, yet one which also concerns

its membership vitally. If the county

farm bureau, by and large, is a harmful

proposition, the Grange should condemn

it wholly after careful and full examina-

tion. If, however, it finds in the idea

possibility of developing into a plan for

“reaching the last man on the farm with

the best things," the Grange ought un-

doubtedly to stand as a constructive

agent in developing it to that end.



JnNmE BU'ELL.





 





Montcalm Pomona Remembers Sick Pa-

trons.——A very interesting session of

Montcalm Pomona Grange was held at

Coral, April 17. Grange opened in the

fifth degree and most of the morning

was given to regular routine work. There

were members present from eight sub-

ordinates, and reports from ten subor-

dinate Granges were given. Dinner was

served by the ladies of Coral Grange, and

in the afternoon Earl Johnson, of Butter-

nut Grange, was elected press reporter.

Ashley M. Berridge, worthy master of

Pomona, by request gave a recitation

that was very much enjoyed. The sub-

ject, “Agricultural Resources of Mont-

calm County," was discussed by Brothers

Eli Boyer, Wesley Taylor and others.

Some very interesting statistics as to the

amount and quality of products raised in

Montcalm county were given. “Has the

Grange done its best work in Montcalm

County up to date?” was generally dis-

cussed and it seemed to be the opinion

of many members that, with higher de-

velopment of the county. the Grange will

continue to increase its usefulnex. ~It

was voted to send flowers to Henry

Thornton, of Lakeview Grange, and to

Mrs. Knapp, of Trufant Grangekboth of





 





Ell!IIIlllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllI|lIIlllllllllllIlIlllllllllllllllllllllllafl





Farmers’ Clubs s





LEI”lllllllllllllllllllllllIHIlllllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllHJllll|lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





How the Ladies would Farm.-—At the

last meeting of the Conway-Handy Union

Farmers‘ Club, of Livingston county,

held with Mr. and Mrs. S. R. Holmes, on

April 25, there was a large attendance.

notwithstanding the busy season and its

pressing work. The first topic, “How I

would farm if I were a man,” was hand-

led in a very clever manner by Mrs. Alton

Grant. She would, first of all, thoroughly

acquaint herself with the soil of the land

she was to work, carefully and thorough-

ly fit the soil for the crop, give special

attention to securing the best seed, see

to it that the crops were in on time,

would have only such crops as could be

cared for and harvested, would not farm

with the idea that the dollar was the

only thing to be obtained, would have

a time to begin and a.time to stop work

and w0uld not work too many hours. use

up-to—date farm tools, and when not in

u:‘le see to it that they were under shel-

ter. Would keep pure-bred stock and a

horse that all members of the family

could drive, would have a good garden

and plenty of small fruit for family use,

would aim to have farm pleasant in ap-

pearance, would not depend on one thing

alone for an income but would do general

farming and try to have time, for attend-

ing Farmers' Clubs and institutes. Mrs.

Holmes, in discussing the topic, said she

WOuld not have too large a farm as there

were so many big things to do that the

many important little things were sorely

neglected. She Would have the farm

named, would keep a book account. She

thought the idea of specializing, to the

neglect of other things, a poor one.

\Vould pr0vide a suitable place for small

animals about the farm and aim to keep

them in it, would keep tools sheltered

and look after the care of small things,

such as grain sacks etc. Thought every

farmer should consider it a duty to look

after holes in the road and bridges near

his home. \Yould wear clean clothes

about farm work, would not work hard

for 30 years and spend the first bank

account for an automobile. Mrs. C. Gor-

don thought it advisable to pay hired

man weekly or monthly, that he might

have money to use when he wanted it

Without asking for it. ,





Co-operation Among Farmers.—-Dr.

Eben Mumford, of M. A, C., in charge of

government farm extension work, was

present and spoke on the above subject.

In his opening remarks he expressed

pleasure at being able to be present at

such a gazhering and said that the Farm-

ers’ Club movement was the most prom-

ising method of developing country life

and bringing to it delirnble s0cial advan-

tages lacking in the past. Lack of so-

cial advantages, due to unorganization,

the only real disadvantage in country

life. The independent life of the farm

has made it difficult for organization but

has developed a strong type of individual

manhood. Organization and co-operation

need to develop a strong community. Im-

proved methods of communication and

transportation are doing away with hith-

erto drawbacks to organization. If or-

ganization has been necessary to the de-

velopment of the city where communica-

tion is easy, it surely is necessary to de~

velop permanent agriculture. As an ex-

ample, the secretary of a cummercial club

is employed to look after the gen-

eral interest of members of the club.

Farming is really the greatest of all kinds

of business. Back of it are all the known

sciences. The college has been storing

up knowledge which it must now bring

to the farmer through community organ-

izations. Mr. Mumford explained why

this was necessary now as never before.

The United States census of 1800 showed

only four per cent of all people in the

cities. That of 1910, 50 per cent in cit-

ies of 2,500 inhabitants, thereby leaving

only one-third of'all people on farms to

maintain the other two-thirds. The tide

has turned since 1900, population has in-

creased faster than products, farmer does

not get his share of the advanced price.

Need of organization in marketing shown

in fact that the present cost of deliver-





lll





 

 





ihg to the consumer is more than first '





cost of producing. Must have a perma-

nent agriculture. The accumulated knowl-

edge of the college and experiment sta—

tion hard to apply because farmers as a

rule do not read bulletins or books. To

get best results must be in personal

touch with teacher. Movement must be

regarded and maintained as a part of

the educational system by the county.

state and nation. At present most of

the cost of maintaining is by the county.

Thirteen counties in Michigan have or-

ganized. Best results to be obtained

where there are township or community

organizations closely in touch with coun-

ty supervisor or organization. The duty

of farmers, through organization, to con-

trol their products. Products belong to

farmer until in hands of consumer.





Honors Even ln Debate—Mr, and Mrs.

I. N. Taggett entertained the Indian-

fields Farmers’ Club in April,,when only

about 35 members were present, “spring

work" detaining many at home. Vice-

President R. W. Black presided over the

business session. A good literary and

musical program was rendered. J. L.

Truax told many interesting incidents of

his late visit to Idaho, where he saw

farmers sowing grain in March, and

where some land sold for $1,000 an acre.

Mrs. B. H. Smith gave an interesting ac-

count of her sojourn in Florida the past

winter, then came a. debate, Resolved,

“That Robert Fulton did more for the

people throughout the world than Thos.

A. Edison." <





 





 





‘





Your farm is more valuable if ybur





farm buildings look well and are well preserved





The way to keep them so is to keep

them well painted, and the easiest

best and most economical Way to do

this is with S W P (Sherwin-

Williams Paint Prepared.)



Easiest because 8 W P comes

ready to use—thoroughly ground,

mixed and put up in sealed cans—

and because it can be had from

dealers everywhere, any time.



Best and most economical be-

cause it spreads over the largest

possible surface and lasts for the

longest possible time.





SWP takes hold of the surface





 





and keeps its hold through sun-glare

and snow and rain. It is made of

pure lead, pure zinc and pure linseed

oil, combined with the necessary

dricrs and coloring matter. It is

scientifically prepared to give the

greatest possible satisfaction.

Before you do any painting, be

sure-to send for our booklet,

Paints and Varnishes for the

Farm.’ ’ It gives much valuable

information in small space and

will help you to decide what

paint to use in different places.

Write us for this booklet today.





SHER WIN-WILLIA MS

PAINTS 6» Mammy/53





Mdmm Add!“ all inquiri to The Sherwin-William Co.. 669 Canal Road. Cleveland. Ohio





 





THE'TRINID





Make your

and you’ll have a roof





The Barber Asphalt Paving Company

Largest producers of asphalt. and largest

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k—proo to stay. I Lay Genasco





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To advertise our buninen, make new friends and introduce our great cats-

, logno of Elgin watches we Wlll send this elegant watch to any address by

mail postpaid for Only 98 cents. Regulu- geutlemen’e size, open two.

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WELL DRILLING





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Austin Manufacturlng 00., Chicago.





that will revolutionize

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USERS PAINT, ready for

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worth four times its cost. Addrem





The Hut: Patties, 1.23.331 ,, Detroit. Mich.

FACTORIES—Detrolt. Mich” St. Louis. Mo.





YOUNG MAN would you accept. and wear a fine



tailor made uni just for showing it

to your friends? 0! e 811 -on Raincoat Free? Could

you use ndey for a litt 9 up to time? P

can oler you a steady Job? rite at once and t

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BANNER TAILOR NG 00.. Dept. 321. Chicago.





 





 





 





60‘ nigmpgr Positions are easy to let. My’tree





h an, tel . wme today—NOW.

. MELWWa-meton. n. Q. ~





 





.- T‘YOUFEIDERS





$9.000 offered for certain inven-

tions. Book “How to Obtain a Patent"

and "What to Invent" :4th free. Send

rough sketch for free report as to patent-

nbllity. Patents advertised for sale at

our expense in Manufacturers‘ Journals.





‘CIIANDLEE & CHANDLEE, Patent July.





Established 16 Years





C

' ’l 1037 P. Streak Washinflon: D. G.





Di] YOU NEED FARM HELP?





We have on our listanumber of men wishing to

obtain employment on farms. Many of them are

without. experience. but they are able-bodied. and

Willin towork. If you can make use of such help

write or an order blank. We are a philanthropic

organization whose obJect is to assist and encourage

the Jews to become farmers. We charge no commis-

ston to employer or employee. Address.

avg?‘3'“t¢i‘i”3 a°s Tl”: “i"? “ “mm"

n nus a oceyo ew ork.704

W. 12th. Street. Chicago. III.





were sew- Amaweewt.



a n, e so a l ; ‘



of United States, of good'1 0113:15ng 13th I: 2::

o





. re a

oneness. For Information apply to Room ting

Queer 212 Griswold Street. Detroit. Kick. Heaven-

rich Block. Saginaw. Mich" 1st and Engine route.

Flint. Mich. 1 West Main Street. Juno Mich"

Huron & Quay Streets, Port Huron. flicking.





 

 

 





Mention the Michigan ltzth'Or-i.

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Just forty years ago Ward's first catalogue camgi’a‘

stranger, into a few thousand homes.





Back of this first tiny, homely book there was a sincer-

ity of purpose—an honesty of statement, a bigness of

value and a pledge of honor that made for it many

friends—friends that are still its friends after forty years.





The first book of 32 pages is now a thousand-page volume.





But the honest value, the high quality, the truthful statements

are still there.





And the pledge of honor “Absolute satisfaction or your money

back”—the first guarantee ever given by merchant to buyer is

still in force.





If you have not seen this store in book form, you should send

for the 1913 edition today.





Millions have it.





Millions buy from it. And these millions of customers, these

millions of friends save millions of dollars each year on their

purchases.





No matter what it is you want, whether it be something to eat

or wear, something for the home or farm, you can get it at C

big price saving through this thousand-page book.





Ask for your copy today. Address Dept. w.11





MONTGOMERY WARD 8; COMPANY





Chicago Kansas City Fort Worth





 





Charles Dan a Gibson,

America’s greatest artist, has

caught with his gifted pen the

secret of Montgomery Ward’s

wonderful growth and success.





The old customers have

stayed. Each year has brought

others who have also stayed-

linked to this house by the

one policy, the one tie that can

bind house and customer to-

gether—the policy of old-fash-

ioned honesty in every

transaction.





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Drawn expressly for

l Montgomery Ward tt' Company

by Charles Dana Gibson





 





Makes tile 3 to 8 inches in diam.. 12% inches long. One man or boy operates it by hand

.or power. 500 tile per day by hand, 1.200 by power._ Tile thoroughly cured by patent

process. No tamping or use of pallets. This'machme and tile used by E nment Sta- , .

tions of Agricultural Colleges and the U. 8. Dept. of A culture. 5.900 armors have

doubled the yield of land by underdrainag‘e. and saved 75. of cost by usrng our Machine.

You can do the same. Save cost of hauling and breaking. Make perfect

tile .8 to $5 per thousand. MACHINE SOLD DIRECT FROM FACTORY

YOU. TEN DAYS' FREE TRIAL. SEND NOW for 36-er Illustrated

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levels and‘ut grades. make and lay Your tile at low





rm. cum-mum +193.“ .*





 





' Let us prom

that this is the cutter you need.





RW“





Don't send us a dollar in advance. The burden of





proof rests on us. We want to

I. prove" thatlfor speed,economy of power,

‘ uniform cutting and general eficxency





"’""" The Light Running





“SILBERZAHN”





ENSILAGE CUTTER

has no equal. The Silberzahn has the strongest built frame.

a throat and a blower that never clog and a positive saf

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-. and FREE TRIAL OFFER.

. GEHL BROS.- MFG. CO.

' 13380.7Nster Sn. West-BeninWls.





 





 





 





   





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