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Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





VOL. CXL. No. 21. ;

Whole Number 3644.





in this latitude that will give better



returns one year with another,

when free from disease and insects, than

the potato. For this reason more than

any other, it is necessary that we devote

Special study and attention to selecting

healthy seed and employing meaSures to

keep the crop growing rapidly from plant-

ing time to maturity.



Scab is a fungus disease. Some of the

better varieties are more susceptible to

scab than those of inferior quality. This

disease is carried to soils which are free

from it by planting infected seed. To

control scab we must plant healthy seed

and plan a system 0f cropping which will

bring- potatoes on the field only once ev-

ery three or four years.



Scab thrives in a sweet soil. Four

years ago we had two acres of ground

lim‘ed and prepared for alfalfa but on ac-

count of the alfalfa Seed proving unsat-

isfactory, the field was planted with po-

tatoes. The result was a large crop of

tubers so badly infected with scab that

it was necessary to utilize them for hog

feed. If lime is used to get the soil in

condition to grow clover or alfalfa it

should be applied immediately after the

potatoes are harvested.



The scab fungus will not thrive in an

acid soil, and although it may be pres-

ent, or even scabby potatoes planted in

Such a soil, the crop will not be badly

affected. This does not mean that one

cannot grow good potatoes on a sweet

soil, for it is possible to keep the soil in

cendition to grow clover and still not

sweet enough to ruin the potato crop by

reason of scab, if due attention be given

to the use of healthy seed.



If it becomes necessary to plant- in-

fected Seed, or if there is reason to sus-

pect the soil being infected from previous

crops the seed should be disinfected by

soaking it in the formalin solution. It is

an inexpensive operation and may be done

before the rush of work at planting time.



Soils that are badly infected with scab

should be seeded to some green crop to

plow under and set up a slight acidity

which will help eradicate the disease. If

the soil is badly infected any kind of

treatment will not insure a clean crop.

On average soils there will be no trouble

from this source if a. rational system of

crop rotation ispracticed and the humus

content of the soil maintained by plowing

green forage crops and clover





PROBABLY there is no crop grown





under

stubble. '

The Colorado beetle (potato bug) wm-

ters in the soil, coming out in the spring

in Such numbers that they often make

short work of the young plants as they

are. just breaking through the ground.

It is at this time that





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, MAY 24, 1913.





Insuring The Potato Crop.





nated in that state quite recently. This

is not so, for many growers here in this

locality have practiced it for 12 years

that I know of. The professors have ov-

erlooked this section if they claim to

have originated the idea. The work of

destroying these bugs should never be

delayed until damage is done the plants,

as the loss will amount to many times

the cost of the labor and poison required

to destroy them.



In some sections the flea beetle does

more damage than the bugs. This insect





am coming to believe that it is not all

that is claimed for it, or else there are

other influences offsetting its efficiency.

That it does some good I am sure, but

just how much I am not prepared to say.

In the one point of killing the Colorado

beetle the Paris green mixture combined

with the Bordeaux may be very cheaply

applied. This reduces the cost of apply-

ing the insecticide and makes its use

more effective because it adheres better

to the leaves than when used alone.

Spraying, to be effective, must be thor-





 





 





 





 





 





lllustrating the Advantages of Alfalfa in the Allegan County Campaign.





comes in greater numbers and is more ough. No machine can do a good job if

difficult to destroy. Fields attacked by the rows are crooked or the ground

these tiny insects are more likely to rough. The work to be effective must





blight and are more susceptibleto ar-

senical poisoning on account of the plants

suffering from loss of vigor and because

the poison has a tendency to settle in the

depressions partly eaten through the

leaves. Much of the complaint about Bor-

deaux injuring the plants is due to pre-

vious injury by these insects. Bordeaux

has a tendency to drive away these beet-

les from the field.





be begun before the blight is established.

and this also holds good for the larvae of

the potato bug. Set the nozzles a little

forward or backward to force the spray

into the crown of the plant and provide

angleenough so that it will be forced

among the stalks and under the leaves,

giving both leaves and stalks a liberal

dose, of the remedy. Sufficient pressure

should be maintained to give the mixture



I have considerable faith in the use. of force like a jet of steam. Keep the. noz-

Bordeaux mixture as a preventive, of zles close to the row and get spread

blight, but during the past two years I enough to cover the whole of the plants.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

52 FOR 5 YEARS.





Take pains to adjust the, nozzles and

spray to the sides of the plants and give

the under side of the leaves the full ben—

efit of the application. It is better to go

twice over' the field. using a lighter ap-

plication. Various growers estimate the

cost of spraying differently. I have nev-

er kept an exact record of the cost of

the materials and time used in spraying,

because I buy large amounts of the ma-

terial for use on my orchards and vine-

yards. However. speaking from a gen-

eralized experience, I should say that the

average cost was from six to eight dollars

per acre.



FOr spraying potatoes I believe that it

is better to use quite a lot more lime

than for fruit. Lime helps prevent the

browning and hardening of the leaves.

This is why the home-made Bordeaux is

preferable.



Do not try and save a few dollars when

buying a sprayer and get one that is not

strong and durable. Sec that it has a

strong agitator working close to the bot-

tom of the. tank to keep the mixture in

suspension. 0n lcvcl laud six rows may

be effectually sprayed at a time. A

working pressure of from 75 to 90 pounds

is needed, whether four or six rows are

being sprayed. There are several makes

of sprayers on the market and all have.

some desirable features. It is a machine

that needs good care and a patient op-

erator. Study the various makes of ma-

chines and demand that one does good

field work.





New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





OBSERVATIONS ON TILE DRAINING.





 





The following information on under-

draining may be of some benefit to J. B.,

of Occana county, and others similarly

situated. l'nder no circumstances Should

subsoil be used next to tile, when dig-

ging ditch for tile put soil on one bank

and subsoil on the other. Try and get

down three feet or more in your soil. If

unable to get that deep, get as deep as

you can. and you should have one-fourth

of an inch fall to the rod. When ready

to lay tile begin at upper end and lay

down stream: 9;”) per cent are laid down

stream. Place a, flat stone or brick at

end of first tilc, turn each tile till you

get a fairly good fit at end. About every

third or fourth tile laid stop and give

them a bunt with your foot, that will

take up slack between them. Should you

find a place too soft to carry tile. use a

six-inch board to lay on. Do not let end

of tile come even with end of board as

the joint will settle there and cause

trouble.



\'\'hcn you begin covering. sprinkle soil

lightly on the tile. so





 





they are the most diffi-

cult to destroy. My

practice is to coverthe

potatoes with an im-

plement which leaves

:he rows highly ridged.

Soon after the field is

planted I level off this

ridge and continue har-

rowing until the rows

show plain enough to

cultivate. If the bugs

are numerous at this

time I go over the field

with‘the same machine

used to cover the seed

and throw dirt over the

plants 'to kill the eggs.

This does the business

effectively and gives the

plants an opportunity

to get ahead of 'the

next batch of eggs. In

one of the recent Maine

bulletins this practice





 





as not to disturb them.

Do not cover nearer

than about six tile to

where you are laying.

\Vhe-u your tile is cov-

ered two inches deep.

with soil, shovel in the

soil you dug out. Also

cave soil from bank on

each side, if you can,

into ditch. Your ditch

now is almost one-half

full. Now put your

subsoil in on top and

the job is done. The

reason w h y subsoil

should never be used to

cover tile is that if

there is clay in it. as

your caSe seems to be,

the first “heavy” rain

that comes will puddle

the joints; if the sub-

soil is sand it will run

into your tile and if





 





 





 





 





is recommended and it

is claimed to have origif





Allegan County.





short of fall the tile

will fill. The best time.





. »-- ”w. . «axes-"o »
THE MICHIGAN ‘FARMER





'MAY 24, 1913. '





 





The“ easiest

surest way to

kill bugs!





 

 





 





No one will ever use

a liquid sprayer who

has once used the





.‘CHAMPION ’Iiii‘sif’é’g"





The Champion works faster—dusts two rows

at once-as fast as a man walks. Weighs onl



six pounds. Simple to o erate, any farm han,



even a boy can use it. t gives better results,

at less expense—in time and material used-

than an other machine. No w...: to any.

Least nger because the poison is ke t at

a safe distance. Price 58. 00. If your oeal

dealer can 't supply you, we will ship direct on

receipt of price. Guaranteed satisfactory.





011 large acreage. use the Beetle Duster. 1

Dub tear rows as fast as ahenewalke.





Write for literature to





LEGGETT & BROTHER .

301 A Pearl Street. New York City





 

   





   

   

   

 





 





Different

In This Way:





Most anybody can build a stave silo, but it's

quite another matter to build one with a steel

frame like this. Look at the Saginaw Angle

Steel Rib Look at the Saginaw Steel Inner

Anchor. Next note the heavy Saginaw Base

Anchor. And the All-Steel Spline Dowels!

Every one of those features is found on the

Saginaw, and not on any other.

ey make the Sn inew as



solid as a rock—just ike one

sin le. solid iece of mate-

ria rooted to he ground like

a. 100- y-enr oldo s.k



Don’ t buy any Bold silo. In-

vestigate. Corn are. Gel:

the Saginaw Silo ook No. 42.

L: 1y it side by side with other

Books and see for yourself

why the Saginaw ends

Send postal now and get (w

book by return mail.





The McClure Company

(Formerly Farmers Handy





Wagon Company)

Saginaw, Mich. Cgiro, Ill.





 

 





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Des Moines, Iowa.

Minnesota Transfer, Minn.

Fort. Worth Texas





 





 





 





Backed up by



.3 years of experience



The Rose is the only machine of this type that

is equipped with steel cutting I mutt".

steel blower dlsc. and steel truc. Other

machines of this type are furnished with cast

iron cutting apparatus, cast iron blower disc.

The steel equipment makes the Ross Indes-

tructible. and the most reliable and durable

silo filling machines on the market. Strong

claims made for strength. capacity, durabil-

ity and ease in feeding. Ask for large catalog





The E. W. [loss 80., Box 114 Springfield. Ohio

Manure Spreader _$ 6 4L5

Prices Slashed! Up





My low direct- from- factory prices will

sate you $26 to $50 My prices on complete

spreaders, $64. 75 to $79. 50. Attachments only

$39. 60 up. Think of it! Prices never before

equaled. Lowest ever made] write today—act

quick, These special prices good for 60 days only.





30 Days’ Free Trial





, Backed by a $25, 000 legal





 





 





 





 





 





   





   

 

 

 





 

 





11"

\“‘.:‘

WILLIAM GALLOWAY co.

189 Galloway Station (449) Waterloo. low.





sEl Hog-Catcher





Catches any sized hog with a pull of

the lover and looks. A push on lever

opens for largest hog to walk out free-

ly. No Hog—Raiser should be without

this cheap simple device. Every pur-

chaser highly pleased. l-‘res circular.





Bailey 6 Phillips,

Delavan - Illinois





SEED BEANS





' ed -bean.1912 are harvested

-13b."blmpgmdepyrlminatiopfiefit mi: high rial?-



tesl: : c e roe camp e

pnrghaid. nesrUyNT 308?? Tekonsha. Michigan.





Mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing to advertisers.





 





 





for your job is between the 15th of Aug-

ust‘ and the 15th of September. The wet-

er level goes down until about“ August 15.

It begins to come back to the surface

about September 15@20, rain or no rain.

That is the reason why that time of year

is taken for such work.



From description given do not believe

you have Quicksand. It is what we call

common water sand, and at a depth of

three or four feet you will not experience

much trouble in August. In nine cases

out of ten reported, quicksand is water

sand.



Three- inch tile is large enough to carry

water in drain up to 40 rods, unless

you tap springs. If you are going to run

in branches you must use larger, accord-

ing to your own judgment. Place a

screen or drive dOWn two or three iron

rods in front of the outlet. to keep out

the muskrat and the turtle.



If hardpan in your fields gets too dry

in summer, when water settles, as it

surely will, the ground will become so

hard as to be almost impossible to dig.

You can save money and time by taking

off 18 inches or two feet in fore part of

summer, but remember you will save

from one-fourth to one-third of the price

of your work if done at the time above

stated. Just one warning: if conditions

are such that you cannot get tile in two

feet below the surface, go slow in ex-

pending money on tiling. You may get a.

fair or average crop, but never'a bumper

crop, such as this land should produce.





That was bad advice you gave your

neighbor about coming to the top of the

ground to get rid of surface water in

that pond. Tell him to proceed as fol-

lows: Go to center of pond, uncover five

tile. work center one loose, then take the

five out of ditch, cut 11/_, inches off one

tile, then put tile back in place and

there will be one-fourth of an inch be-

tween tile. Cover them with swale hay

or coarse straw, about two or three

pounds to each tile is plenty. Now fill

ditch with cobblestones, using small ones

first, be careful in putting in first ones

not to disturb tile, fill just a little above

the ground with the stones, level dirt

that was dug out of ditch back upon the

ground or remove it to low places, the

stone pile should be three feet across

each way on the top of the ground and

about four inches above the level. The

objection to using gravel is that some-

times the ground freezes in the fall be-

fore the snow comes. If you have wheat

or hay you will surely lose it; ice will

freeze to bottom and smother it, Or will

drown it out before the ground thaws, so

water can get into tile. In summer it

takes too long for the water to filter

thrOugh the gravel. Water standing up-

on a crop longer than 48 hours will ruin

it, as a rule. Sometimes you may get a

part of crop, whereas the stone system

never fails. If you will stop and think

a. minute, water weighs 62 lbs. to a eu-

bic foot. V’Vhen the water is say,'three

feet over your tile there is a pressure

of 186 lbs. to the square foot, air will go

in with the water and the tile will run

full. “’here ditch is filled with earth

there are tw0 currents of air. the upper

going up from the outlet and lower com-

ing brick with the water, the tile run-

ning about two-thirds full.



I have several drains on my place as

above described, have been working for

eight or ten years and never lost a crOp.

I know of one here that was put in 30

years ago still in good condition. It takes





about a half :1 day to construct one but





once put in will last during your lifetime

and it insures a big Cl’OD every year.

Livingston Co. N. P. MORTENSEN.





ALFALFA HEAVES sADLY ON WET

LAND. '





 





In the March 22nd issue of the Michi-

gan Farmer I gave my experience in

seeding alfalfa in cats in April, 1912, and

I wish to come back to you again. The

season for growing the plant I think was

all right, the plant did as well as it could

under existing conditions of the soil, and

I believe that it would compare with the

land in the surrounding vicinity. As I

said in my former article. the year be-

fore I gave it a light sprinkling of ma-

nure, as near as I remember, 12 or 14

loads, not very rich in humus to be sure.

Could I have had as much again manure

I very likely could have put up a much

better showing of alfalfa, but as I said

the winter would tell and it has, or rath-

er, the spring. I believe it came through

the winter all right until it began to

thaw and freeze in March and the fore

part of April, and the freezing was very

light this spring to what it has been a.





 





 





great many times. During the latter part





._the ground.





ofMarch the alfalfa. began to heave, and

continued until the second week in April.

It did look diacouraging enough. I dare

say one-fourth of the plants were lifted

out, and a great. deal of it today. May

5, is sticking out of the ground three or

four inches. ~



I got on the ground as soon as I could

owing to the conditions and nature of

the ground, and rolled it, but it was a.

little too late to make much of an im-

pression on the alfalfa in pressing it into

This land is made up of

three or four different kinds of soil, from

rather light sand to heavy sand and light

clay to heavy clay, inter-mixed, and in

patches heavy clay. It is very sensitive to

spring freezing and thawing and when

soft is very soft, just like a mortar bed,

and about as sticky. It gets hard very

quickly when the weather is suitable. It

is good land to produce. have raised 30

bushels of wheat to the acre. It is very

seldom too wet for any kind of grain

crop. The limestone rock seems to make

natural drainage for it, but for any kind

of clover it will heaVe more or less——

some seasons 3. great deal worse than

others—and to tile it is almost out of

the question.



I ran furrows wherever it needed them

to take off the surface water and could

I have had more manure to put on I be-

lieve. it would have stood the test better.

Or a. number of tons of wood ashes would

have put up the showing in great shape,

as I had burned a few brush piles around

and scattered the ashes around as far as

I could, which proved to me that the

ashes will do the business and do it

right, and I don’t believe there is much

danger of getting them on ice strong.





The reason I am writing this as I am

is that I believe it is quite useless to try

to raise alfalfa where the land is not

well underdrained. Alfalfa will not thrive

well in water any more than chickens

will. Both need water, but not a great

deal at a time. Now as to seeding al-

falfa in oats, the kind of land you are

seeding has a whole lot to do with the

success you are likely to have. If the

soil is heavy and strongfso that it will

produce a strong, stiff straw, a, straw

that will stand up, I think there is no

danger in seeding with a moderate seed-

ing of cats, say two bushels per acre,

and secure a fair crop of cats and get a

good catch of alfalfa.





Monroe Co. J. M. TUTTLE.





 





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





Seeding Alfalfa.





We have just finished sowing 15% acres

of alfalfa, May 10. This is sown in three

different fields or patches. Two of these

are intended primarily for hog pasture.

They are odd fields that will come in

handy to use in connection with hogs.

One field of four acres is a clay sidehill

next to the creek with creek flats. This

was tiled out in the low places last fall

and fall plowed. I know that June grass

is an enemy to alfalfa, and I know that

experts tell us not to sow June grass

sod or, in fact, any sod to alfalfa. But I

wanted to get it seeded to alfalfa as soon

as possible and so I ran the risk. As I

say, it was plowed last fall, and this has

been a splendid spring to subdue the June

grass, 11nd when we sowed the field to

alfalfa there wasn't a spear of June grass

to be seen. It worked up nicely. The

other fields that were sown to alfalfa

were into sugar beets and lima beans

last year and worked up nicely this

spring. They were in fairly good condi-

tion. On a portion of one field we had

rape as a. catch crop last season for hog

pasture. Some of this rape lived through

the winter and is growing up and going

to seed. I didn’t plow the land but work-

ed it all with disk barrows and spring—

tooth barrows, but these tools didn’t kill

all of the. rape. It is a pretty tough plant

to cut up with these kind of tools. The

only thing to eradicate it entirely is to

plow it, and this I didn't want to do be-

cause I was afraid the land would dry

out so much, and not only that but it

would cost so much for tillage. After the

land was loosened up then it would have

to be packed down and worked up, cost-

ing as much for tillage to prepare it after

plowing as it would before it was pIOWed,

and I think I have got a better seed bed

for alfalfa than I would if I had plowed

the land.



Nurse Crops for Alfalfa.



I made some experiments with regard

to the nurse crop for the alfalfa. On a

portion of each field I used winter rye as

a catch crop. The idea is that this rye

will not have to be cut for-hay. Being a

winter plant, by sowing it this spring

when the warm weather comes, it will





 





not' head out, and yet it will act as a

nurse crop, spring up Quickly and shade

the land, preventthe Weeds from grow-

ing, and when hot summer times comes





it will cease to grow and give the entire,





land to the alfalfa. This is an experi-

ment. On a portion of the field I sowed

cats at the rate of a bushel to the acre

as a nurse crop. And then on a portion

of each field I seeded the alfalfa alone,

and will know more about which is the

best way later on. I am- confident that

unless the weeds bother to smother the

alfalfa. it is better to seed alfalfa or any

other plant for that matter, without a

nurse crop than it is with a nurse crop.

I expect to get at least one cutting from

this alfalfa. this year. At the present

time the weather is very dry and cold.

We have had very little rain this spring,

and while, by conserving the moisture by

disking and harrowing rather than plow-

ing, we have got moist dirt near the sur-

face, and I think most of the alfalfa will

sprout as soon as the weather gets warm

enough, yet we need a good warm rain

to bring it along. In fact. we need this

rain for all kinds of crops at the present

time. My idea is to cut one crop of this

for hay this year if the season is favor—

able and not attempt to pasture it at all,

wait until next year before I use it even

as a hog pasture. Unless I need one field

I will not make a hog pasture out of it

but keep it permanently for alfalfa as a

meadow. This is somewhat rough or

rolling, a. little bit too rolling to work

with the traction engine to advantage,

and I conceived the idea that on this sort

of land was the place for me to put al-

falfa and then keep it seeded down just

as long as it would be thrifty, thus avoid-

ing plowing and filling this rough land.

It is not exceedingly rough, there is no

place on it but what one could work with

a binder or any kind of tool, but it

doesn’t work as nicely as good level land,

and I intend to put alfalfa in two other

fields where there is a gully and a. side-

hill and leave it permanently. Then I

'will have all level land for tilling. I can

use clover or alfalfa or any rotation that





I please upon this land, but retain the ’





rough land as a permanent meadow. If

we get a good catch of alfalfa, too, then

this land won’t erode or wash in the

winter time. One has to be pretty care-

ful in keeping these sidehills covered with

growing cropsor they will gully in wet

weather. Even when it is seeded to

wheat. if the rain comes before the wheat

plants get a good root, that is, a heavy

rain, it will gully.

Inoculation.



I have taken considerable pains to in-

oculate these fields with bacteria which

live upon the alfalfa plant. We got a.

good big load of dirt from the old alfalfa

field and took pains to get it where the

alfalfa seemed to be the thriffiiest. I

screened this through a gravel netting so

that it could be sown with a fertilizer

drill and I mixed this dirt half and half

with a good commercial fertilizer and set

the drill to sow 350 lbs. per acre. Now

this dirt is certainly evenly distributed

all through the soil. But to make Sure

and to give double inoculation I also in-

oculated the seed by the glue method. I

dissolved a pound of glue in about a gal-

lon and :1 half of water. Then I took

some of this dirt and screened it through

a very fine screen so that it was nothing

but fine dirt. Then I moistened the al-

falfa seed with the glue water and then

mixed some of this exceedingly fine dirt

from the alfalfa field with the seed, stir-

ring it all up together. This helped dry

up the seed and when the glue dried it

glued some of the fine particles of earth

to the seed. One would be surprised to

see how much of this fine ezirth it would

take up, and it sticks. The glue sets

quickly, the dirt helps dry up the mois-

ture that you put in and we could drill

the seed successfully through the drill in

an hour or two after it was mixed. Now

if I haven't introduced the alfalfa bacte-

ria into this soil I don’t know' how one

would go to work and do it.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





 





FIRE DRIED SEED CORN.





 





More than 90 per cent of the Michigan

Corn Crop of last year went into the shed

or crib in more or less soft condition, and

after being subject to excessive moisture

and hard freezing all winter, very little

of it is fit for seed purposes. It is only





Corn that has been kept in the house, or

some building where theref has been a.

fire, that is really fit for seed purposes.

We shall be pleased to mail samples of

our High Test Fire Dried Seed Corn uporf

request, free of charge—AlfrediJ. Brown

Seed Co., GrandrRapids, leOh.'g-.'M’V.‘z~ . .»
MAY 24, 1913.





 





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A Horticulture.





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LIME-SULPPHUR INJURY.





 





Lime-sulphur succeeded Bordeaux mix-

ture in popularity mainly on account of

the injurious or burning effect, which

caused the russeting on the fruit, that

Bordeaux mixture had. We thought that

we had gotten away from spray injury

when we started to use the lime-sulphur

as a summer spray. But we have quite

frequently spray injury or burning from

the lime-sulphur. The injury is mainly

that of the foliage althOugh it sometimes

affects the fruit. It is not nearly as ser-

ious as the injury from Bordeaux mix-

ture in seasons when Bordeaux injury is

prevalent.



Too Much Material.



The cause of the injury from lime-sul-

phur is too much lime-sulphur on the

parts burned. This may be done by ap-

plying too strong mixture or too heavily

of a more dilute mixture.



The method of application undoubtedly

is the most important determining factor

with reference to this matter of spray

injury from lime-sulphur. A compara-

tively strong dilution, when applied by

a. fine mist and with the spray rod kept

on the move so as to not drench any

part of the tree, may be applied with

safety when a weaker dilution applied

by a coarse spray and with low pressure

would burn the foliage.



Water used for dilution is only the

carrier of the lime-sulphur. It is the

amountpf lime-sulphur left on the foliage

after the water evaporates that deter-

mines whether there will be injury or

not. Therefore, a dilution of one to 50

applied With a fine mist would not leave

much more lime-sulphur 0n the foliage

than one to '75 would if it was applied

twice as coarse and twice as heavily.



One might present the argument that

the foliage will hold only about so

much water and that the surplus will

drip off and therefore the weaker strength

applied heavily will not do any injury.

The drip does not carry with it the orig-

inal amount of lime-sulphur; there is

some of it left on the foliage. The heav-

ily sprayed parts of the orchard can al-

ways be distinguished from those not

sprayed so heavily by the heavier coating

of material.



Effect of Weather Conditions.



The cOndition of the weather undoubt-

edly has much to do with burning effects

from the lime-sulphur. There is consid-

erable difference of opinion as to what

kind of weather is most favorable for in-

jury. The writer used to think that if

rainy conditions prevailed during or near

spraying time the injury would be worse

than at normal times. Recently, how—

ever, his conclusions are that the dry hot

weather is more favorable for injury. He

has sprayed trees right after rain and

just before and noted no injury. He has

also noticed more injury after a dry spell

either during time or some time after

than he has at other times. During the

season of 1911 we had more burning than

during 1912 When we had considerable

rain.



Some Experiences.



The following incidents show well the

main cause of injury, the method of ap-

plication:



In a pear orchard all of the trees Were

burned in about the Same place which

was a. little more than half way up on

the tree. Two men were doing the spray-

ing, one on the tank and the other on

the ground. Each had his part of the

tree to cover but at this place their work

overlapped. The double dose of spray

caused the burning.



In an apple orchard the outer side of

the end trees of the row Were the only

ones burned. Here, the spraying was

done by one man and from the top of the

spray tank. His horses were well train-





‘ed and would obey his commands without





his touching the lines. While they were

turning at the end of the row to go back

on another row he kept his spray rod

playing on the trees, giving the outer

parts a much heavier application than

the others, and therefore the burning.



A peach grower did not care to use

self-boiled lime-sulphur on account of

the trouble of mixing it. He was told

of the precautions to be used when using





, the commercial lime-sulphur as a sum-





mer spray for peaches but did not think

them important enough to give them

much consideration. Therefore he hired

the spraying done by. the gallon. The





_prev<,nt even





man who did the job had his own inter-

ests in mind and put on all of the gal-

lons the trees would hold. Six hundred

dollars of fruit was spoiled and some

trees were killed.



The lime-Sulphur can not be generally

recommended for peaches because of the

differences of opinion regarding what a.

fine mist is and what keeping the spray

roa on the move while spraying really

consists of. Many are using it success-

fully, but others who wish to try it

should do it on their own responsibility

for no one else Wishes to be responsible

for a crop of fruit.



Some growers are using it quite suc-

cessfully on peaches, and some have been

successful with it as strong as one to 40.

One grower having a steam sprayer has

very good success as the spray comes out

almost like a vapor. But, while one to

40 has been applied safely one to 140 has

caused injury. These differences in re-

sults must have been due to differences

in methods of application, weather con-

ditions. or both.



Those who wish to try it should pay

especial attention to their method of ap-

plication. Care should be taken to have

a mist-like spray. There should be no

time taken to tell fish stories while

spraying, because strict attention should

be given to keeping the spray rod on the

move. Every part of the tree should get

just a thin coating of the spray material.

One to 75 is the strength which would be

best for peaches.



Van Buren Co. FRANK A. WILKEN.





PLANT GARDEN SEEDS CAREFULLY.





Even‘stands of garden crops where the.

plants come tip the same time and in

their proper place, are almost always the-

result of careful planting. Seed can

be well planted only when the ground

has been made fine and mellow. Lumps

covering and the making

of straight rows. But care must go with

this well-prepared soil.



The 1'(\\S need to be establisl§d by

some plan that will make them straight

and regular so they Will not only look

well but offer no obstruction to cultiva-

tion and the best way in the average

garden is to use a. line. The spaces

should be measured exactly each time

the line is set over and the marking of

the row or the digging of holes for set

plants, like cabbage and tomatoes, should

always be done from the same side of the

line.



Seeds vary as to the depth they should

be planted. Generally speaking, fine seeds

should not be planted as deep as coarse

No absolute rule can be laid

down, however, for the nature of the

seed, the climate, kind of soil and its

preparation all have a bearing upon the

question. The information given on the

packages in which garden seeds are usu-

ally sold, is generally reliable and should.

he. followed except where experience has

proven that a different depth is better.

Btit the matter is a very important one

and when making the mark for the seeds

one should know what is going to be

planted and the requirements for that

particular kind.



All garden seeds require that the earth

be packed firmly about them. The gard-

ener proves this by pointing out how a

better stand is secured where the soil

over the seeds is tramped down by tread-

ing it, after which a mulch is formed

by pulling the garden rake over the row.

This practice presses the soil close around

the seed and still loosens the surface to

prevent rapid evaporation. conditions

which supply the seed with a. constant

supply of moisture. This benefit is aug-





seeds.





mented where the spaces between the

rows are cultivated before the plants

come up.





If you have been planting the garden

carelessly try doing it well this Season,

that the garden may have a chance to

show you it should be more highly re-

garded.





._______—______





Because fruit growing is not an exact

science it requires a closer application of

thought and executive ability than do

most manufacturing processes. After a

manufacturing plant is once in order

much of the work can be delegated, but

the fruit grower needs to be constantly

watching his trees and suiting his work

to new conditions as they appear.





 





 

 

 

 

 





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l RY

Instance...





eccateutofinon |LLL'STF.‘.Y!C‘ (sum:





 





   

 





   





   





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L'V S k

1 6 too .

filllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlll||lllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllll|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||IllllllllllllllllllllliilllllllllllllHllllllllllllllllllllfi





FEEDING AND CARE OF THE CALF.





 





Few farmers raise the skim—milk calf

as he should be. Not enough care nor

the right kind of food, is given the ani-

mal and consequently he often turns out

badly. As soon as the calf is able to

stand, he shOuld be aided to the colostrum

milk. Some farmers milk this out, think-

ing it harmful to the calf, since it has a.

disagreeable taste. Colostrum is laxative

and highly important f0r cleaning the

alimentary tract of accumulated fecal

matter and properly starting the work of

digestion.



The calf should be with the cow two to

lhl‘Ee days before weaning. The sooner

he is taken frOm the cow the easier it is

to teach him to drink from the pail. Af-

ter taking from the cow he should be

starved for 12 to 24 hours. Then after

he once gets a taste of the milk from the

pail, he will be anxious to drink. First,

let him suck the finger, and then thrust

his head into the pail. After he once

gets started there is little trouble in get-

ting him to drink. The first few days

after weaning feed the calf small amounts

of whole milk four or five times a day.

After three weeks gradually change over

and feed~ him skim-milk. Increase the

milk from time to time but do not over-

feed, as scours will result. The average

amount of milk for calves, 75 lbs, in

weight, is eight to 10 lbs. per day. divid-

ing the milk equally between the feeding

periods.



At feeding time the calves should be

confined in simple stanchions, to remain

for .1 time after the milk is drunk, in or-

der to consume their grain allowance and

pass the desire to suck each other’s ears.

it is important to have a fresh supply of

suitable dry concentrates, preferably

whole grain, in the feed box at this par-

ticular lime. Dry feed then eaten takes

up the saliva which is flowing freely in

the mouth, Stimulated by the warm milk.

The change from whole milk to skim-milk

should be made gradually. Feed one

pound of skim—milk to two pounds of

whole milk the first day at each feed,

and two pounds of skim—milk the second

day. and so on until on full feed of skim-

milk. This change should take at least

ten days. Have the milk sweet and at

blood temperature. When the calf is

three months old, he will be drinking

about 20 lbs, the amount depending on

the animal. Some can handle a large

amount more satisfactorily than others.

Milk from the creamery is not good to

feed as it is often contaminated with

disease germs. It should be pasteurized

if used at all.



Scours are due to improper feeding or

unsanitary conditions. If the calves have

a bad case, out the milk ration one-half

and give them one teaspoonful of blood

meal with the milk. A couple of raw

eggs or two drops of camphor given with

the blood meal every hour is an excel-

lent remedy. It is best to prevent this

dlsease by proper feeding and sanitary

conditions.



Fall calves or spring calves can be

turned out on pasture, feeding grain at

the same time. Grass makes them grow

and keeps them in a healthy condition.

It is best to use care in first turning

them on grass as too sudden a change is

dangerous. This may be overcome by

allowing the calves to graze for only a.

short time the first day and gradually in-

creasing the time each day until they

become accustomed to handling the green





feed. or what is better,’ gradually get-





them used to green feed by an increas-

ing daily allowance of soiling crops. Have

plenty of fresh water and salt at all

times for the calf.



Start the calf to eating grain when he

is small. Put a little corn meal or bran

in the pail of milk and he will soon learn

to eat it. When he is six weeks old he

should be eating one pound of grain per

day to be gaining properly. A good ra-

tibn is three parts of shelled corn, three

of ground oats, one‘ of bran and one of

oil cake by weight, increasing the amount

gradually, the amount depending on the

way the calf cleans up the feed. Shelled

corn is uSually better than ground corn

as it is relished by the calf to a greater

extent. The calf learns to eat the grain

more readily if a. little bran forms apart

of the ration in the start. The following

are excellent combinations and may be

used as a. guide to suit your conditions:



Whole oats and bran, .equal parts;





 





whole oats and corn chops, the latter

gradually replaced by shelled’ corn in

three to six weeks; whole oats. barley

and bran; a mixture of 20 lbs. of corn

meal, 10 lbs. of blood meal, and 5 lbs. of

bone meal, changed to corn and oats and

bran when the calves are three months

old. There is little danger of the calves

getting too fat on any of these grains

while being fed skim-milk.



Roughage of some kind must be fed.

The quality of hay should be of the best,

always clean and bright. It can be plac-

ed in a rack in one corner of the pen

and any uneaten should be removed at

the next feeding time and a new supply

added. Roughage increases the develop-

ment of the digestive organs and increas-

es their capacity. When the calf is six

months old, a. full grain ration and rough-

age ration can be fed and be very satis-

factorily without the skim-milk.



Indiana. J. C. KLINE.





 





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





Vetch and Rye Hay for Horses.





What experience have you had feeding

Vetch and rye hay to horses?.



Oceana Co. H. L. K.



Vetch and rye is said by those who

have grown it to make a fairly satisfac-

tory hay. The writer has, however, had

no experience in fceeding it. We will be

glad to hear from our readers who have

had experience in feeding this hay to

horses and other live stock,





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





In an address delivered before the sheep

breeders of Illinois, A. J. Knollin said.

"At present we are consuming nezirly

eighteen million sheep and lambs per an-

num in the United States, and there has

been no time within the last ten years

when business conditions were normal

that lambs did not bring the grower re-

munerative prices. On every quarter sec-

tion farm 40 ewes can be kept with very

little expense.”



According to John Martin, a. prominent

sheepman of eastern Montana. the num-

ber of sheep in that part of the state is

30 per cent less than last year, and

throughout the extreme eastern part of

Montana there are hardly any flocks. In

the Burns Creek section, where last year

approximately 50,000 sheep were rum,

there is now not a hoof. Conditions are

generally the same in the vast region ex-

tending eastward from the Divide, he

says, and Chicago and northwestern mar-

kets will notice the Change the coming

summer and autumn.



Fat little yearling Steers and heifers

have been extremely popular with buy-

ers in the Chicago market recently, and

frequently prime yearling steers have sold

at higher prices than the best long-fed,

heavy cattle. Not long ago a Missouri

stock feeder marketed there a car load

of mixed yearling horned well-bred Here-

ford grades thut averaged in weight 772

lbs. at $8.75 per 100 lbs. They comprised

steers and heifers and were fed molasses

feed.



Superabundance of cheap corn and oth-

er feeds is causing stockmcn throughout

most feeding sections to feed all the corn

their cattle, hogs and sheep will get

away with these times, and no better use

can be made of corn than by converting

it where grown into beef, pork and mut-

ton. The extremely high prices that have

been prevailing in the markets of the

country for finished cattle. hogs and

sheep have furnished the strongest of in-

ducements for finishing them off in good

shape, and the average weights of cattle

and hogs have been running much heav-

ier than a year ago. while Sheep and

lambs have received far more care than

has been the practice in former years.

In the case of lambs and yearlings it

does not pay to make them heavy. since

the public calls for light cuts of lamb

meats, and the heavier lambs are strong-

ly discriminated against by the packers

and smaller butchers in the Chicago and

other markets of the COuntry.



Fair supplies of fat hogs are reported

in northwestern Iowa, South Dakota and

southern Minnesota, but elsewhere they

are far from plentiful, and there is a

well-known shortage in Illinois. Light

marketings for May are generally 'ex-

pected. A good many pigs farrowed in

March died and many farmers are dis-

posed to breed sows back. so that sum-

mer marketings promise to be severely

curtailed. Many farmers are discovering

that marketing their older sows and us-

ing gilts for breeding is a mistaken pol-_

icy and one that must be held largely the

cause. of short pig crops.



W. D. Merritt, of Iowa. a well-known

breeder of Angus cattle, has three brood

sows which on April 14 farrowed 46 pigs

—-0ne 12, one 16 and one 18. This all

happened within two hours. He owns

eight sows that farrowed this spring 102

pigs, 80 of which are now living. Mr.

Merritt breeds Duroc-Jerseys.



Distillery cattle are moving in gradu-

ally increasing numbers to market. a.

goodly number having reached the Chi-

cago stock yards already, and it is un-

derstood that large shipments will be

made from Kentucky and other states

during this month.





 





 





aranoanoiieo.

EASY AND SAFE TO USE

INEXPENSIVE





KILLS—LICE





on All. we srocx





DISINFECTS.

CLEANSES.

PURIFIES.





It has so many can that It la

. noeoaalty on every farm.





CURES MANGE, SCAB,

RING-WORM, SCRATCHES

Destroys All Disease Germs

DRIVES AWAY FLIES

erta for Free Iooldou





PARKE, Edits & co.





ctpanrmmr or ANIMAL mourn"

DETROIT. - - MICHIGAN





 





   





 





0





our DIPPIII nus ALI. nets





and keeps SHEEP tree from fresh attacks.

Used on 250 million sheep annually. Increases

quantity and quality of wool. Improves appear

ance and condition of flock. If dealer can't

supply you send 81.76 for 82 packet. Shipments

can be made from New York City. Specially

illustrated booklet on "Ticks" south-Be tor ask-

. inc. 9. post card brings it.



II. 000!!! I: IEP CHICAGO, ILLS.

, Devl- ‘23 M I. sole 8t.





   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 

 





   





 





Prevent.-





m stock in discus-resisting condition.

Animal Regulator

la the world's best conditioner.



15c. we.“ PRATTS HEAVE CURB



. nameluuly more. Ila. I.





 

 





"Your money heck I! It falls”



Get Pram Prone-sharing nooks-tram



Our products are sold by dealers everywhere.“-

PRATT FOOD COMPANY





 

   

   

   





 





vahto

tissue —- reaching the cause —

and cures without blistering or

loss of hair.

nose- I untreted.

This BOOK—Sample Contract and Advice—ALL

Free to (Horse Owners and singers only). Address





Over 106,000 Satisfied Users.



- There is no better time than



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sweating for our treatment-



We 01- inated the treatment



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IROY CHEMICAL C0.,2°Conn, eree Ave, Binglrsmlon. ILY.

Drngglau everywhere aell Save-Tho-Horae WITH COITBAG’I





which penetrates both bone and



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our Latest Save - The - none



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loin ,

.1 ‘ ‘

.l‘l ‘

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/ 0% hymn-:MEDY





   





‘.

}

7





 





83 Package OUREB any case or money ref nd (1.

81 Package 00328 ordinary oaaes. Mineral lulenevo

Remedy 00.. 463 N. Fourth Ave" Pltuburghma
MAY 24, 1913.





“J IIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIlll|llllllllllllllllHlllllIlllHg





Dairy.





HI|HIllIIH||ill|||Illlllllllllll|Ill|illlillIH|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|ll|IllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllll E

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





llllillllllllllllllllllillllill





_|





E’JJlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlL





WHERE TO PLACE VENTILATING

SHAFT IN STABLE.





will a ventilating shaft 8x20 in., built

directly up through the barn roof, be all

right? How far abOVe the roof should it

extend? And how should the end of the

Shaft be covered? In your recent answer

to my inquiry you favored a different

plan than I suggested. I would like. to

change plan but have lumber and tim-

bers at mill and cannot rearrange it now.

However, it does not appear to me that

one can arrange two rows of stalls with

an alley for feeding in front of each and

a driveway between for removing manure

with wagon and team, where the barn is

only 36 feet wide. I am planning on

flooring my horse barn with cedar blocks

six or eight inches long, placed on end

and held in place by pouring cement be-





tween them nearly to the top of the

blocks and filling the remainder With

sand. The blocks would protect sharp





shoes from being dulled.

Osceola Co. L. V.





It doesn’t matter So very much where

you place the ventilating shaft so far as

efficiency is concerned. Place it in the

most convenient place. Like the hay

chute, it is out of the way more in the

storage part of the barn, and, in fact.

in the stable, if you place it to one side

and have it run up through the stable,

through the storage or hay loft, and then

out the roof. If you put it in the center

of the barn it is right in the way, es-

pecially in the storage part of the barn

where it would come right in the middle

of the mow. Now the air will get to

this shaft no matter where you place it,

at the end of the barn or near the mid-

dle 0f the barn. I would recommend that

you place it at the side of the stable

midway from end to end. Then, of

course, the foul air don’t have to go so

far to get to the ventilating shaft as it

would if it was placed to one end of the

stable.



With regard to its height, the ventilat-

ing shaft works on the same principle as

a. chimney—the taller it is the better it

will draw. If you go through the roof

near the eaves then you will have to

build it up higher than the peak of the

barn. It certainly ought to be higher

than the peak of the barn in order to get

good draught. If it only just nicely pro—

jects through the roof near the eaves

then when the wind comes from the right

direction it will just swoop over the peak

of the barn in a downward course and

some of the air will be forced down the

ventilating shaft. It is just the same as

a chimney. When a chimney goes up

thrOugh the roof near the caves and it

is not as high as the peak of the roof

when the wind is in the right quarter

the stove below will smoke. It won't

Work right. And that will be the way

with your ventilating shaft.



There ought to be some sort of a roof

on this ventilating shaft. It would be an

excellent thing if you had a funnel-shape

which could revolve with the wind so

that yOu would always have the opening

away from the direction of the wind.

Then the wind would not interfere so

much with the draught. This, however,

is quite expensive on a large. shaft, al-,

though it is the very best way. But if

you *have the shaft project up higher

than the peak of the barn then you can

put any kind of a. roof over it. A peaked

roof, like the barn roof, open at the small

gable ends, will work all right.



Since the plans are all made for the

barn and the orders given for the saw-

ing of the lumber, arrangements made

for the cement, and everything of that

sort, there is little use in discussing this

proposition where they cannot .be chang-

ed. You say, however, that a barn 36

feet wide isn’t wide enough to have a

driveway in the center, but if you will

figure over carefully you will see that it

is. You will have room for two four-foot

feeding alleys for your animals, you will

have room for two rows of stalls, also

for two gutters a foot wide, or eight

inches wide at least, and then have a

driveway between plenty wide enough to

drive through to remove the manure.





BALANCED RATION FOR DAIRY

COWS.





 





I have ,oats, barley, rye and wheat.

Could you compound a balanced ration

for milch cows with them? The cows

have plenty of grams in summer and win-

ter rye hay, wild hay and straw for

roughage in winter.



Mont. A. J. M.





For milch cows I w0uld feed liberally

of cats. You could feed oats and wheat.





 





THE MICfiIGAN FARMER





which would make a. very good ration for

dairy cows. I would feed these in the

proportion of two parts of oats to one of

wheat, ground together, giving as many

pounds per day of this grain ratiOn as

your cows produce pounds of butter-fat

in a week. If you have good pasture you

won’t need to feed as much of the grain

because pasture is more digestible and

more palatable and the cows will eat

more of it and need less grain on pasture

than they do when you feed dry rough-

age. In the winter time when you are

feeding the rye hay, or wild hay, this

would make an especially good balanced

ration for the cows.





PASTURING COWS ON ALFALFA.





 





 





I have a small field of alfalfa two years

old in June next. Cut it for hay three

times last year and the fourth growth

got large enough to out. But I turned

my hogs in to see the effect of feeding

them and I never had hogs do as well as

they did while on that, with a. liberal

amount of corn, as I was fattening

them. It is now thrifty, and good color,

and I intend to use it for hog pasture

this summer. Now what I want to know

is. what about putting cows in? The

effect on the cows and the alfalfa as a

damage to its future usefulness? \Vill

it injure the alfalfa by turning the COWS

on? I have read that it is not safe to

pasture cows and horses on it. But I

have lately returned from a trip to Ne-

braska (left last November), and Cali-

fornia and there they pasture it lightly,

and alfalfa is their principal hay crop.



St. Joseph Co. 0. J. L.





Alfalfa is not an ideal plant for a cow

pasture. In the first place, if cows con-

sume green alfalfa, especially when it is

wet with the morning dew 0r right after

a rain this wet alfalfa will ferment in

the cow‘s stomach and cause bloat 0r

hoven. Many people have lost cattle

from turning them onto alfalfa fields. So

it is dangerous to pasture cows on this

luxuriant growing legume. On the other

hand, the very nature of alfalfa is such

that it is not adapted to being pastured

by cows or horses or sheep. Alfalfa ought

not to be out until the new growth starts

at the crown. Now when cattle: and

horses and sheep pasture they bite the

plant off tight to the ground or the

crown, and this is injurious to the plants.

If you pasture alfalfa very much with

cattle or horses or Sheep you may be

sure that you are shortening the life of

the plant. It may survive for a year or

two but it will s00n run out. because you

are injuring it every time you cut it be-

fore the new growth starts from the

crown. Then it ought to be cut.



Now in a hog pasture the case is dif-

ferent. Hogs do not bite off the top of

the plants the same way as cattle, sheep

and horses do. They walk through the

alfalfa and bite off a branch here and

leaves there, but they leave the largest

part of the plant. It isn’t cut dOWn close

to the crown, and if you don’t have too

many hogs for the amount of alfalfa it

will scarcely be injured by a hog pasture.

The idea is to have a large acreage of

alfalfa in proportion to the hogs so that

they will not consume anywhere near all

of it. Then. when the time comes that

the new growth starts from the crown

take the hogs out and out what is left

for hay. Then after the alfalfa starts up

again you can turn the hogs back and

pasture.



Again, many animals like horses and

cows tramping thrOugh the alfalfa, step

upon the crowns and crush and injure

them. The plants won’t stand this tramp-

ing. But with hogs it is different. Hogs

have small feet and they step between

the alfalfa plants and do not injure the

crowns, and so alfalfa may be considered

to be an ideal plant for hog pasture if

you do not have too many hogs to feed

it down close. It should never be pas-

tured so but what you will have a crop

of hay when it is time to cut it. Then

you can pasutre it promptly with hogs,

but always remember you must have a

large area. On the other hand, it does

injure the plant to pasture it with horses

and cows and it is liable to injure the

animals by causing bloat or hoven. I

would not think of turning my cows or

sheep into green growing alfalfa. Ishould

be afraid that they would have the above

serious trouble.





 





The kicking cow is sometimes an out-

growth of long finger nails. The manicure

set is not one of the ordinary tools of the

dairyman, and yet well trimmed nails

are an essential.



If any utensil has become sour or taint-

ed, special scalding will be necessary to

restore it to usefulness. Steam is still

more powerful than water as a. destroyer

of bacteria, being more penetrating as

well as giving more lstense heat.





 





 





No Excuse for any Cow





Owner BeingWithoutOne





There is no reason why any cow owner who sells cream or





> I makes butter should be without a cream separator and there is





no excuse Why he should not have the best. separator.





Any creameryman or experienced dairyman will tell you that





the world





 





a good cream separator will give you a

great deal more and a great deal better butter

than you can make with any gravity setting

system, and equally, of course, more and

better cream, if you are selling cream.





The‘ DE LAVAL in acknowledged by

creamerymen and the best posted dairymen





“World’s





over to be the





Standard” and the one and only separa-

tor that always accomplishes the best results

possible and always gives satisfaction.





You cannot make the excuse that you

can’t afford to buy a De Laval, because it





will not. only save its cost over any gravity setting in six months

and any other separator in a. year but is sold either for cash or

on such liberal terms that it will actually pay for itself.





A little investigation will prove to you that the truth of the

matter is that you really can’t afford to make cream or butter

without the use of a DE LAVAL cream separator.





The nearest De Laval local agent will be'glad to demonstrate

this to your own satisfaction, or you may write to us direct.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.





CHICAGO





NEW YORK





SAN FRANCISCO - SEATTLE





 





   

 





For

. 200 lb.

Capacity





lowest Price! longest Guarantee!





6

g

No need to do without a sep- é

arator now. We have put the price /

within the reach of all. Only $19.65 %

for a FULL SIZE 2001b. capacity ma- %

chineGuaranteedaLifetime against %

defective material and workmanshi . /

Slums 1M Qfiarts a minute and gets AL %

the cream. asallthe latestiinprovementa /

—many exclusive features. For instance. %

.\ .- a



é



%



a



/



¢



%



a



%



¢



4





2 -





 





Cream Separator has a. One-Piece Skim-

mlng Device made of aluminum—light.—

rust-proof—eoay toclenn. Hus no discs—no ‘ ord-

iio-geo-at” places to wash. Easy to turn. Ellyto

clenn. Ens to buy.





60 Days’ Free Trial ~





Write a. ostnl for our big

Free S can: Separator Catalog u.

today, hows five sizes, from 200 lb.

capacit up 30 the big 609 lb. cup-city shown





   

   

 

 





‘ flu





 





   





1‘.‘ N1 : .

here—s I sol at low prices—n! guaranteed ~:\_‘ l H

a lifetime. 2 months’ free trial. Thouoan ' ‘ I i

in use. 't uy until you at. our . .-

cutalog—compu'e machines on prices. ‘1; >



e the big money you save. a '





The Charles William Stores.inc.





Dept A17 56 Pine 81.. IIEW VIIIIK GI"

01: ck Shipments from New York, Chicago

(3) and Kin-as City





   

   





 





A

:i‘s

a .

a?





\\\\\\b§§k\\\\k\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\_\_\\\\\\





{SEPARATOR





. THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.





 





   





 





, /////l//////////////////////////





 





 





“' The "I 913 ' ' ' " Cream'

Automa lC Separator

Only One of Its Kind





Skims faster than ten men can milk; re-

quires no cranking—no watching. When

milking is done

skimming is done.

Everyfarmermilk-

ing eight cows or

more should have

the facts about the





. , “AUTOMATIC"





. , Itisdriven byan

, efl-lc1ent' little gaso-

line_engine,magneto



equipped; solidly



built into the separ-

atoritself. The en ine



isalittle wonder; h.



p.: can be used to run



a washin machine,



churn and omanyoth-



er farm c ores. The



AUTOMATIC is gearless.



notthii‘igfabgut llat. IX:



go on 0 or er. ow



3::3'3; spins for hours with-



out a trace of vibra-

tion. Bkims closer than can be done



by hand power. Write for catalog 13





Standard Separator 60., mwgogxggkm-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





‘ .3" ' "T ‘ f

r'qijaw “





 

   





 





 





 





"L‘





 





 

 





 





booklet X 82 tells how. Write today—





GOVERNMENT Positions are easy to get. Mfi 61R?

EARL HOPKINS. Washinzton. D. C. '





 





   

   

 

 

 

 





AMERICAN





it is a solid proposition to send,

on trial. fully guaranteed. a new.

well made easy running separa-

tor for $15.95. Shims hot or cold , .

milk; making heavy or light -

cream. Designed especially for

small dairies. hotels and private

families. Different from this pic-

ture, which illustrates our large

capacity machines. The bowl is

a. sanitary marvel. easily cleaned.

G e :1 rs thoroughly rotected.

Western orders ill on from

Western points. Whether your

’dairy is large or small, write

us and obtain our handsome

free catalog. hAddreu:





minim SEPARAIOR co.- .....





 





 





on $35 to $50





Yes 511', I’ll save

in the first cost. alone on the est, most modern,

most sanitary and closest skimming cream

separator ever built. When you buy the





New Galloway Sanitary ,





—you pay Just one small profit above

actual cost of materials and labor: Why [)8

any dealer $85 to $110 for an inferior ma-

chine. Buy direct nod save one-h-lf. Get my





Spodal 1913 Offer and

90 Days FREE TRIAL





test of this machine r'gaht on your form.

he now Galloway nitu'y skims to n trace your.

n oil--eaay to runneasyto elem. Sold direct.





WM. CALLOWAY COMPANY

183 Galloway Station. Waterloo. In. ~ «3





BEATRICE





Beats all on Close Skimming





BEATRICE CBEAMERY COMPANY

Chicago, Lincoln. Nob” Del Molnar. I... Dubuquo, In





Cream Separator





A. 1‘- AW\ _

7-;-I-I E I-I‘Ii ,





 





 





 





 





 





 





l o

Easily made, easily erected. Molded from .‘ w.- ;'

cement with an inexpensive mold right on " ‘

youriami by any farm hand. Makes a silo "

like rock. frost and fire proof, positively air- ‘

tight. We also sell guaranteed tile silos all '

ready to put together. Either silo big money 1.

saver. Write for booklet and s ecial offer. '

cum 1. me sun 30.

M 52 Islam. I
Agsnis Vlssistl

For Best Vacuum Cleaner-

Sclling for Five Doha.

Also Vacuum Washers.





More than 100 per cent

for Agents. We make at-

tractive vices delivered,

and refun all your money

if not pleased. Drop us

a card.





Cash Buyers Mfg. Co.

lies 5. 11mm. 11111.





 





 





 





 





Save $1.50 on This line flat





The ”Chellenge"—-a style the best dealers will soon be

showing “03.00 and 33.50. You get it from us for $2.00.

prepaid because we deliver to you direct from our hctory

by Parcel Post and save you the middleman' s prodts.

YOUR MONEY BACK if not satisfactory Made from Fine

l’ur Felt in L1 rht Tan. Black. Pearl Gray and Tobacco

Brown. beautifully trimmed and Iinished. Style in every

line. wear in every fibre. Order now—~state size and color.

and enclose 02.00. Write for Style Sheet 8 showing other

models. l-‘rse. ONE-PROFIT “AT 00.. Danbury. cone.





 





 





 





 





It pays to bale your hay in





DEDERICK’S





STANDARD





Baling Presses





Catalogue Free





P. K. DEDERICK’S SONS.

46 “vol! 81.. Albany. N. Y.





 





 





 





AWERH‘AN GUARANTEED FORG‘3O YEARS





‘T 1150111101 11001111





\/\t



34 Money back or a new roof 1! it do-



UR! toriorates or rusts out. No painting

or repairs required. Our Indemnity Bond pro-

tects you. Costs no more than ordinary roof-

ing. Write for big illustrated book FREE.



0 American Iron Roof ind Co.

Station ~ nun. OHIO.





   

 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





ence

pays to buy. Get our new book.

convincing prool oi quality and

sensationalncw low prices.



EMPIRE FENCE ~



. ls sold directlrom factory. ire!

prepaid-23 styslcsto choose iron—-

silrurposes. Writeu apostai now tor Oder





m Free «Host to. so a ism. es “finalist.





A ROOF "f" PROOF acsmer

W'ND LIGHTNING RAIN





We manufacture the world’s best Steel Roofing in

Roll Cap-Pressed etandingeeam and V crimp. Gal-

vanized Conductor Pipe. Eave Trough and Fittings.

Itwill pay you to send for catalog and prices. Free.





THE MILES I110“ d. STEEL ROOFING 00. "lies, 0.





YOUR MONEY“: “"” 5%





if invested with this Society. Interest paid

semi-annually. Let us have your name and

address and we will tell you of the advan~

rages offered by this Society which has been

doing business for over twenty years.



The Industrial Savings Society,



219 Hammond Bldg. .. Detroit. Mich.

I nor syn-111111111111 Pres. 1115111111 111111115. Soc].





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





ANTED FOR U. 8. ARMY—Ablenbodicd. un-



married men. between ages of 18 and as; citlsens

of United States. of good character ant ntl tangents

habits. who gen s not tlgnnd Ilvyrit:o Be

angu age. r ornsa appy out in;

Ollioer 212 Griswold Street. Detroit Mich” Heaven-

rich Block. 'nnw. Mich. 1st and Saginaw Streets.

Flint. Michs, West Main BtrockJ ksok Mich.

Huron t Quay Streets. Port Huron. ich





WANT Ell—Farmer and Wif €3.33. 4’3

house and 613d 1 Mud

start Jun 0d raddness w th "bronco

BOUGHTON. Michigan Farmer omoe. Detroit. Mich.

WANTE room work. State Psycho-

ital. Ann Arbor.

Mich A nice position for a 'rl or n11 die wmnen





who desircsa amnent pc- tion and a home and

good wages. dukcl'otary of Psychopathic Hospital.





 





FE





 





 





—G irl for kitchen and dining





 





boos.





11111111: Fill Illlllll '°'“ 0%”12“ FERRET!





fiesta-p. W.l. Y. Roi-“ville. Ohio





FOX AND “WOLF HOUNDS





best-EnclishstrainsinA-eri

. inb

ca-flroars misuse seeding





 





 





 





of

the-clinches crayon

Inowcflertheinfor-le.





. - Send I m s

.1. s. sum 1.1.3211





 





Poultry.





$11111“IllliHllllllllflilflllllllllllflll!lllllliiilllfllllillllflmmllllIIIWIIWWNIHIII|”W?





CARING FOR MARKET EGGS IN HOT

WEATHER.





g .





llllllllllllllllllllllllHll .5





Last year the Department of Agricul-

ture called attention to the fact that, for

keeping qualities, the infertile egg is su-

perior to the fertile one. and that of the

loss of $45,000,000 or more in the annual

value of our egg cl'op, due to poor qual-

ity, at least one-third. or $15,000,000. is

due to “blood rings." A blood ring is

caused by the development of the embryo

of a fertile egg subjected to heat and its

subsequent death. No embryo can form

in an infertile egg. In short, an infertile

egg will keep under adverse conditions

where the fertile one will not.



In co-operation with Kansas Agricul-

tural College the Department has carried

on some experiments designed to throw

light upon practices and conditions pre-

vailing upon a majority of farms and in

large part responsible for the great ag-

gregate loss mentioned above. Results

show that infertile eggs, regardless of

where they may be kept, are much more

resistant to deterioratiOn than fertile

ones. For instance, the development of

the embryo in fertile eggs was easily seen

by the aid of the candle after 24 hours

of incubation, while at the end of 36

hours the presence of blood could be de-

tected. Subjected to the same conditions.

infertile eggs showed only a slight shrink-

age of the contents.



From the general study thus made of

the conditions surrounding the produc-

tion and care of eggs upon the average

farm the conclusion was reached that

about two-thirds of the total annual loss

occurs on the farm, being due primarily

to haphazard management. However, it

was found that, with the present meth-

ods of tranSportation, it is impossible to

avoid some deterioration in quality of

eggs during shipment in hot weather.

From data secured it has been estimated

that this loss is in the neighborhood of

12 per cent of the original value of the

eggs. The results in general point un-

mistakably to the fact that the produc-

tion of the infertile egg is the greatest

asset in the attempt to produce high-

quality market eggs during the hot

months, and, to those engaged in such

production. observance of the following

five general rules is urged by the experts

who have been studying this important

problem: 1. GiVe the hens clean nests.

2. Gather eggs at least once each day.

3. Keep eggs in a cool, dry place. 4.

Market eggs at least twice a week. 5.

Kill or sell all mature male birds as soon

as the hatching season is over.





 





 





GUINEAS FOR PLEASURE AND

PROFIT.





(Concluded from last week).





When starting with gulneas. better buy

eggs than birds, because when the latter

are taken to a. strange location, they are

liable to take “French leave" and never

return. They usually stay where they

are raised if possible. Like quails they

go in pairs or tries, as a rule.



Guinea. eggs can be successfully hatch-

'ed in incubators. Those who hatch them

in large numbers nowadays, are using in-

cubators, almost exclusively. Guinea hens

should never be used to hatch the eggs,

because they are poor sitters and poor

brooders. The safest plan is to use large,

quiet chicken hens. Hens soon tame the

guineas if they are used to hatch them.

It is a very good plan to put a few hen

eggs with the guinea eggs, after they

have been set; a week or a little less. As

a rule guinea eggs require from 26 to 28

days to hatch. Under very favorable con-

ditions they will hatch a day or two

sooner than this. A large, heavy hen

that is a. good sitter will usually hatch

any kind of eggs in less time than one

that will not stay very closely on the nest.



Be very careful to keep the hens free

of vermin. Young guineas, like turkeys,

are easily killed by a few lice. If there

are any lice on the premises one must

keep up a canstant warfare. I always

give the sitters fresh. clean nests, well

dusted with some good louse powder. The

hens are dusted also. Never use oil on

sitting hens.



When saving guinea eggs for hatching

purposes I wrap them carefully in paper

as soon as possible after they are laid.

then place in a box kept for the purpose.

turning them every day until they are

put in the nests. If guinea eggs are kept

in a cool dry place they will keep in good





 





 





THE MICHIGAN PARAMER





hatching condition for 21 days. HOWever.

it is best to set all varieties of eggs

while flesh.



A good nest is necessary for a good

hatch. If a. nest is too deep (as a guinea

hen is apt to have it) the eggs will not

hatch well because those underneath will

not be kept; warm enough. A piece of

thick grass sod makes a good foundation

for a. nest. It should be slightly hollowed

out and lined with some line dry grass

or something similar. After guinea eggs

are set two weeks they should be dipped

occasionally in tepid water. Every three

or four days is about right. The shells

are very thick and, even after the chicks

break them they have more or less trou-

ble getting out. When they are slow to

hatch I pick off a little of the shell and

they soon get free. By “slow,” I mean

those eggs that remain merely plpped,

after the others haVe hatched.



Be careful to have the nest either on

a floor or close to the ground. A young

guinea is ve y active and will not stay

long in the nest. I always have the

nests enclosed with boards or fine mesh

netting. Half-inch poultry netting is the

kind to use. Guinea chicks are so small

that they can easily get thrOugh one-

inch mesh.



Have the coops or houses ready for

them when they hatch. Small yards en-

closed with boards or netting are essen-

tial. Coops or houses should be well

ventilated and arranged to admit plenty

of light. Scatter some fine litter or out

straw on the floor of the coop so it can

be easily cleaned. I sometimes. spread

heavy paper on the floor of the brood

coops. When soiled it can easily be re-

moved and burned. This is a great la-

bor saver when ordinary brooders are

used.



Young guinea. chicks are very timid

at first. and slow to learn the ways of

the chicken hen. unless they are CIOSely

confined for a few days. If a, few hen

eggs are placed with the guinea eggs the

chicks will learn the young guineas to

follow the hen. Otherwise they will wan-

der off or take fright and get lost in the

grass when given free range at the end

of the second week.



Feed young guineas a little every two

hours for the first two days. Then ev-

ery three hours until they are a week

old, and after that every four hours until

they are given a larger range. I feed

young guineas when they are 12 or 15

hours old. They are unlike other young

fowls and must be fed little and often.

Of course, they are fed Only in day time.

The first feed should be dry bread, eith-

er soaked in a little sweet milk or crum-

bled finely, dry. I sometimes mlx hard-

boiled eggs, crushed shell and all, with

the bread crumbs, but it is not advisable

to feed very much egg. Chopped lettuce,

chopped onion tops or fine young grass is

frequently added to the other feed; also

coarse clean sand. for grit. I prefer to

feed a little finely chopped fresh meat

once in a while, say every other day.

until they are turned loose. The meat

is better f01‘ guincas than boiled eggs.

However, their food must be varied.

They thrive on anything and everything

that is suitable for young turkeys, such

as cracked wheat, pin-head oatmeal. (roll-

ed oats are as good), soaked millet seed,

etc. Cracked corn is an excellent food

after they get a good start. Grit and

plenty of clean water must be kept in

reach at all times.



Ohio. ANNA W. GALLIGHER.





 





 





YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY

of getting one of the beautiful six-page

Michigan Farmer Wall Charts for only

30c, postpaid, if you send your order at

01106.



It is the finest collection of charts ever

put together. Contains a map of Michi-

gan, showing congressional districts, coun-

ties, railways. etc., the latest 1910 census

of. all Michigan towns, 25 colored plates,

showing the anatomy of the horse, cow.

sheep. hog and fowls. and giving the

name and location of each organ, muscle

and bone. A treatise on each animal by

the best authorities, treatment of com-

mon diseases of farm animals. map of

the world, showing steamship lines. map

of the United States, flags of all nations.

rulers of the world, Panama canal, all

our presidents. and several other features

too numerous to mention.



These charts have been sold mostly for

$1.00 or $1.50. They will decorate and

instruct in any home or office. We ofler

them at this price' to quickly get rid of

them and after our present stock is eat-

hausted no more can be had. Remember

the price is only 30c. while they last.

Send your order to the Michigan Farmer,

Detroit, Mich—Adv.





 





 





MAY 24, 1913.





HER “BEST FRIEND”

A Woman Thus Sp-ke-cl Portals. '



We usually consider our best friends

those who treat us best.



Some persons think coffee a. real friend,

but watch it carefully awhile and ob-

serve that it; is one of the meanest of all~

enemies for it stabs one While prefessing

friendship.



Coffee contains a poisonous drug—caf-

{cine—which injures the delicate nervous

system and frequently 'sets up disease in

one or more organs of the body. if its

use is persisted in. V



"I had heart palpitation and nervous-

ness for four years and the doctor told





_me the trouble was caused by coffee.





He advised me to leave it off, but I

thought I c0uld not," writes 11 Wis. lady.



“On the advice of a friend I tried

Postum and it so satisfied me I did not

care for coffee after a. few days trial of

Postum.



“As weeks went by and I continued

to use‘ Postum my weight increased from

98 to 118 pounds, and the heart trouble

left me. I have used it a year now and

am stronger than I ever was. I can hustle

up stairs without any heart palpitation,

and I am free from nervousness.



”My children are very fond of Postum

and it agrees with them. My sister liked

it when she drank it at my house; now

she has Postum at home and has be-

come very fond of it. You may use my

name if you wish as I am not ashamed

of praising my best friend—~Postum."

Name given by Postum 00.. Battle Creek.

Mich.



Postum now comes in new concentrated

form called Instant Postum. It ls~ regular

POStum, So processed at the factory that

only the soluble portions are retained.



A spoonful of Instant Postum with hot

water, and sugar and cream to taste.

produce instantly a delicious beverage.



Write for the little book, “The Road

to VVellville.”



“There's a Reason" for Postum.





SKU N K FAR M ING‘“.1.‘;§.° $3931?“

110 a, sheep. cattle or poultry. Requiresles essepace and



small 0 to.start Bend for tree information.

LAIMON FIIBW FARMING 00., Box 5. Spencer. Ind





POULTRY.





 





 





 





 





ARogldED ROCKS. 8. 0 Beds. We. ltlill have a tow

Red Oockerels for sale at: for

hattfiilnmdg OSTRANDER nno aTron-liar. ich.





 





CHICK —We ship thousands. diflerent varieties.

prioeer New booklet inst out. free.

FBEEPOBT HATCdlL’BY.12.F1-eeport. Mich





EGOGS BARRED 1100613.? “3.3121?

0.00FFMAN. 11.1%. 6. Benton arbor. ioh.

EGGS—Barred Rock.WhiteWyandotte.81lveeran¢led





Hamb rgs. Li tIBrahma. 31 set Hing 50two

settings. 1131.113h 131 error. Lake Odome. Mich.





bred t 1

E398 aday Barred ROCKS. from rgcordylamccrse?

per-15. E‘gaday Poultry Ranch. Marshall. ich.





 





 





 





E E —Barred Rook. first few mated with o.kls

8E3. K‘sdirect fromA Brodie BM .9 per13. Utility

00 82 per 15. A. A. ,Deckerville. Mich.





 





OR SALE-Jun from prize winning 11.0.3.1. Reds .31 00 per 15.

Eggs from standard bred fawn & white Ind. Runner Ducks.

white gggs strain. 81. 00 per 13 Coy G.Bru1n|n. Nashville. Mich.





ILVER LAOID golden and whithyandottee. Eggs

BS for hatchin at reasonable prices send for circular.

Browning's W‘yandctto Far-uni! . 36, Portland. Mich.





8. c. I. llinom Gukorsls as“. ll. Fall Pigs.





Satisfaction guaranteed [1. W. Mills. Saline. Mich.



‘ Barred Roch]. BL Beds. Mam-

mzo Winmnfi moth Pokin midi. Bu nner ducks.

Stock forsalc. 81. 32. 9. perset. Utilityfiper 100.

EMWOOD FAR. ..R R. No. 13. Grand Rapids. Mich.





 





 





 





 





OLUMBIA Wyandottes. Winners at Chicago. Grand

ids South Bend and 8t Joseh Stock andeggs.

11101111115 sswrna. Benton rbor. 111101113“





8. C. R. 1255333. 558181 1111115.





Elmer E. Smith. B. 2.80: 52. edtord. Mich.





RINGLETS BABRFD BOOKS—Birds of $u uality and

8129 Cook weighs 11 lbs. and cockercls that thead

selected pom. nus 31.60 for 15.81001: nthat

laid 240 eggs gain ear Ten years a breeder. Plain

View Farm.J .Baliard. Prop.. Romeo. Michigan.





R38}: COMB BROWN LEGHORNS from Mad. Square Garden

mners, eggs and day-old chicks our firefly. Also lam,

Pekin Duck eggs. Claudl la Bette. llsdalc. Mich.





 





 





 





 





STANDARD 11111311 POULTRY 11.113118 either comb. Show

quality eggs 82 per 15. Fancy 32 per 30. Runner A Rotten

duck eggs' :1. 50 per 12. A! geese eggs .50 per 5. t”All mailed

free to lic.h dent seed corn ”pa



FRENCH yFRUIT .19 POULTRY FARM. Lndinpgatron, Michigan.





 





RYS’I‘AL WHITE “ORPINGTONg-olnool lent laying





once stock

rend'nowncesafterua 1st.Matinn1ist.MBS.

SEOUG .Pino Crest am. Boyer Oak Mich.





LILLlB FARI'ISTEAD POULTRY

«w dad“...“‘...i=° r...Z'.‘.:.‘r‘*‘;°-'.2..°:'

RITE BOOK.8 8.0 WRIT] LEGEOBH. BLACK





%s&aéi¢ and Indian Runner duck 03311.15. £1.25;

1N“. G. 11.301113 Oekwood. Ohio.





ll. 11m ii. I. IEO IEGGS, $1.50 PER 15, 103111111.

08.. Ann Arbor. Michig chican.





m “din-Snow“ white. Winter laying-"‘1'!!!i

amino-v14 3.515..“ Awhile-hum." Mich.





Mm—"wnroa Strain". stock

. & circular free.

11.1119 cm Poultry Plant. Box 0. Kim Mich.





1111‘. “11:13“ .,, in mi. 33'





I'm A. mex SMITH. AuAlbor





lreatlr





 





 





 





+1-





 





 





 





 





+-
MAY 24, 1913.





 

 

   

 





It . -

, Needs N0

Painting,





 





 





HE superiority of Amatite

over all other ready roofing





is apparent to anyone who

uses it.



Amatite does away with all roof-

ing troubles and unnecessary ex-

penses because it is made with a

real mineral surface which needs no

painting.



Itis durable, fire retardant, prac-

tical, economical.



Don’t buy any other roofing till

you look up Amatite. Write to

nearest office for samples.



Creonoid Lice Destroyer

and Cow Spray





Oreonoid sprayed on cows keeps awa flies.

Estetit before milking and cows wil yield

9 er





Everiet Elastic Paint





Save money by using this black paint

wherever the color 1s no objection. Elastic

heat- proof, durable. Use it for ”'rubber

roofings and all exposed iron and wood.





Barrett Manufacturing Co.

New York Chicrégto LPlriladelplii’ai Boston





Cleveland 0111s ttsbur 11

Cincinnati Kansas (‘ity Minneapo is

Seattle Corey. Ala.





 





 





 





 





Hams Stalls

and Sienohlons make the

cows comfortable. 8. re

sanitary and last a life-

time.Well cared for cows

give more and better

milk. This means biggoer



, profits. Thousands

pleased dairymen use our





lsiigliam Elwipmeilt





1-°—’:l"'_l-e





slit.

’-





Herris Feed and Litter Carriers



i e s s on disagreeable barn



work. They’ll help you do



more work in less time.



Write today for



FREE Illustrated Cstslog.

Describes complete line



of high-grade barn necessities.



Send for it today sure.





‘ Harris ”1.00., 30:50 Sslem,0l1io





 





 





 





 





New Silo Book





- F REE-





It’s full of valuable infor-

mation for every farmer

and stock raiser. Tells all

about the special and

exclusive features of the

famous

INDIANA 811:0



Twenty-Five Thousand in

use. Write and learn why

it is best and cheapestm and

get our New Silo BookFreo





INDIANA SILO COMPANY





The largest makers of Silos in the

world. Address nearest factory:

582 Union Bldg. , Anderson. ind.

582 Indiana Bldg. .Des Moines, In.

582 Silo Bldg, Kansas City, Mo.





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





Run On Coal 011





Ellis Engines give more power on coal oil than

other en nes on gasoline. You save 50c on the

dollar in uel. Strongest, simplest engines made

-only three working arts. New two-cylinder 12

H. P. engine does wor requiring up to 15 H. P. All

Ellis Engines can be run on gasoline. distillate or

any fuel all without extra equ pment .





so Days Free

'l'risi p





have patent throttle, giving three en- _ ,



glnes in one. Automobile mumer,



s eed- changing governor, runs

other way, reversible while run-



ning. Guaranteed 10 years. We



gay freight. 30 days free trial.

uy direct and save money. Write



for catalogue showing 1913 models



with special prices.





IS ENGINE COMPANY

Jill: .I) it





 





Construction is right. material

is right. Only silo made with full-

length. structural steel door frame

heavily galvanized after the riveting. Not

a crevice exposed to rust. Choice of seven

kinds of wood. Infiexible guarantee. We



_ prepay freight. Catalog shows man more

fine points, write for it Ms]. Address .30





KILIIAZW III! S 3110 1:0.

Islam. list.

we. sun. Is. a. claim' tau





 





IIriIs 600. E. Schairsr, oi Sslins,licl1., £2: °“;,°“.‘,::

oi the best combination hay and stock rack made





 





THE





g





   

 





Practical





MAINTENANCE OF SOIL FERTILITY.

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

Prevention of Waste as a Good Indication

of Thrift.



In journeying through the country it is

very difficult for one who has agricultural

interests at heart to avoid a study of the

comparative thrift of any particular com-

munity. There are different points of

View as 10 this question. One judges the

thrift of a country by the appearance of

the soil; another perhaps by the condi-

tion of the crops; still another by the

kind of buildings and their condition; and

some undoubtedly judge a community

from the. standpoint of the cleanliness of

the surroundings, the upkeep of barns

and absence of weeds and rubbish. There

is, however, one almost infallible meas—

ure of a farmer‘s thrift, and that is on

the question of the conservation of the

natural manures 0n the farm.

Successful Farmers Carefully Save the



Manure.



A number of years ago the writer had

occasion to journey quite extensively

through the rural districts of the south-

ern peninsula, in obtaining samples under

the law of commercial fertilizers on sale

in the state. \l'e were quite struck with

the uniformity with which this relation-

ship between the conservation of ma-

nures, the use of commercial fertilizers

and successful farming were associated.

Not all apparently thrifty farmers used

commercial fertilizers, but all, almost

without exception we may say, exercised

great care in preventing the waste of the

natural manures which they had on the

farm.



Saving the Manure Almost,as Important



as Saving the Crop.



It w0uld seem an absolute waste of

time and money if a portion of the crop

raised were allowed to decay on the land

or be entirely wasted. No argument is

needed to convince even the most sloth—

ful farmer of this plain rudimentary fact

and yet many times more is wasted by

a failure to properly conserve the natu-

ral manures upon the farm than if acon-

Siderable portion of the crop were al-

lowd to remain unharvested on the land.

For, in the failure to harvest the crop

you are not particularly depleting the

soil of its fertility and a succeeding max-

imum crop is possible, but in a failure to

return to the soil the natural manures

which bclong there, not only is a con-

siderable value of that particular soil

wasted but its effect is apparent likewise

upon succeeding crops.



Basis of Manure is Food Consumed.



The basis of all natural manuresL of

course, is food consumed, and if the

liquid excrement as well as the solid ex-

crement is properly conserved, the ma-

nures are almost exactly equivalent to

the food consumed. In a mature animal,

that is, we may say, a siecr or a dairy

cow three years old and over, if we

should analyze the food before it is con-

sumed and again analyze the excrement

both liquid and solid, which are.111e re-

sults of the digestion of that food, we

would find that the nitrogen, phosphorus,

and potash in this excrement would be

practically equivalent to the nitrogen,

phosphorus and potash in the food con-

sumed. In other words, the maintaining

of a. mature animal on the farm, if prop-

erly managed, is not at the expense of

soil fertility. On the other hand, be-

cause of the reduction of the complex

food compounds, formed from the soil by

the growing crop, to the simpler com-

pounds. through the medium of animal

digestion. the soil may in reality be

building up its immediate productive ca-

pacity with the use of animal manures.

The nourishing of a mature animal, there-

fore, simply consists in an almost even

exchange of nutrients, the phenomenon

of digestion returning to the soil the

equivalent in more available form of the

nutrients COnsumed by the animal in the

feed removed from that soil.



Solid Excrement is the Undigested Food.

The solid excrement represents, of

c0urse, the coarser and more stable un-

digested food compounds and if these

constituents were even put back upon

the soil in the condition in which they

were grown they would not be nearly as

available for plant food as after having

passed through the alimentary canal of

the animal during the attempted digestion

which these more resistant portions have

withstood successfully. They have been





 





MICHIGAN FARMER





r.lllillllllllllllIlllIlllll||illl|IllIllIIIll|Ill|llilll|Illllllll||IHIIllll||||||[illlllTllllllIIII||Illll|llllillIlllIllIll!|Illlillllllllll|Illilli|l||lillIll|l||Illillill|llll||H|ll|lIllilllIll||IIIIIiilIlllllllllliI||Illl|[illllllllilllllllillilllllfl





 





Science.





=Ellil|Iiii|||llll||lllll|llll|llll|Illl||iIill|llll|lllll|III||Iiil|lli|||IllI||||llll|lll||||Illl|llHIlIIIIIlliIll|l|Il|llll|I|lIlllllllI!IllIlll|lIl|i|llIIIIlllII|l|lHIlI|llI[IllIll||lHI|IHIIIHHIIIHIIIIIIIIIIlllll||l|l|iIll||l|llllllllllllilllllllglj





subjected to the attacks of the various

digestive juices together with the me—

chanical grinding and pulverizing of the

various digestive organs; the prolonged

subjection under trying conditions to body

icmperaturc; all of which have had their

very desirable influences in rendering

more accessible to the. various agents of

the soil the compounds there repreSented.

Not only has this action conferred its

valuable effects upon the undigested resi-

due but if the manurcs are properly

treated, this further modified influence

outside the animal body ‘lends likewise its

valuable effect. Altogether too frequent-

ly, however, this step outside of the ani—

mal body which, of course, dcptnds upon

the intelligently directed efforts of the

farmer is turned into an actual waste

and the results which nature has so beau-

tifully started and encouraged are turn-

ed to naught.

Liquid Excrement Represents the

Digested Food.



The liquid portion represents the di-

gested and assimilated portion of the food

and in a mature animal, as we have Stat-

cd, there. is, of course, given off in the

liquid excrement just as many nutrients

in soluble form as have been consumed in

the food in insoluble condition. This por-

tion represents an almost complete re-

duction of the. food compounds to their

constituent elements and requires there-

fore but very little activity in the soil

to render them immediately capable of

becoming an administrative agent for the

immediate use of the next growing crop.

The consiituents of the liquid excrement

represent from 50 to 100 per cent of the

food nutrients consumed. How important

it is, therefore, in the conservation of

scil fertility that this liquid portion be

very carefully saved. Not only is it val-

uable because of its own constituents.

but because of its nature and physical

composition as well, it will materially as-

sist in the reduction of the undigested

Solid excrement which has at 1he same

time defied the activities of the animal

body for its reduction.





LABORATORY REPORT.





 





Distilling Oils.



Could you give me any information in



regard to distilling Wintergreen and cedar



oil, and where I could purchase apparatus



for doing the same? is there any money

in it on a. small Scale?



Mlssaukce Co. A. M.





“'0 think probably the best method of

distilling Wintergreen oil is the regular

laboratory method, using a current of

steam. If a considerable quantity of the

material is at hand, a still, such as is

used in the western part of 'the state for

distilling peppermint ’oil may be used.

l‘nless, however, there is a considerable

quantity of this material we think it

would not be economical to do this work

on a small scale for commercial purposes.



Green Bone as a Fertilizer.





(‘ould you tell me what amount and

what kind of fertilizer there is in green

cut bone and how to make best fertilizer

cf them? Are they good for cucumbers,

melons and such?



Kent Co. SUBSCRIBER





(:rcecn cut bone, if ground to a condi-

tion of very fine meal is a very excellent

fertilizer indeed, insofar as nitrogen and

phosphoric acid are concerned. It will be

found to contain from 13 to 15 per cent

of phosphoric acid and from three to six

pcr cent of nitrogen. it Should, however.

be very finely crushed or its use will be

uncconomical.



A Very geod way to handle such a pro—

duct, if no means are at hand for prop-

erly crushing, is to break it into small

pebble-like pieces and feed it to poultry.

In this way it becomes modified by the

digestive mechanism of the fowl, which

makes it more available as a fertilizer.

It is a good fertilizer for cucumbers, inel—

ons, etc. Of course. it should be. remem-

bered that bones contain no potash, and

consequently if a. complete fertilizer is

desired potassium salts should be added.



Winter vs. Spring Wheat Bran.



What is the difference in feeding value

between winter and spring wheat. bran?



TuScola, Co. J. H.



There is not a great difference in the

feeding value of winter wheat bran and

spring Wheat bran. In fact, on the aver-

age there would be no general difference

recognized. The protein content, on the

basis of 100 analyses, shows the average

content to be about the same in either

kind and there is no perceptible differ-

ence in their digestive characteristics.





 





Kanneberg Shingles

Are Easy to Lay





Just a hammer and nails. Go on

quicker, last longer and always look

better than wood shingles.





Kanneberg





‘ Steel Shingles

"We PI! ill: Freight"





make the most economical roof. First

cost is low; there’s no repair expense.

Do not curl, rot. drop of} nor crack like

wood, tile or slate. They are fire-proof.

weather-proof. lightning-proof, heat and

cold-proof. Many Kanneberg roofs have

bcen_in service 15 to 20 years. The patent

lock-Joint is absolutely water-tight and

allows for expansion. Nail heads are

protected from the weather.



Our galvanized shinglesarenotpainted.

You us what you buy. The steel is full

28 gauge. Every shingle is guaranteed

equal to sample or your money back.



Kanneberg Steel Shingles are galva-

nized or painted: come singly. eight on a

sheet. or in clusters on one sheet 5 it. x 2

feet. We supply special nails. free.





Send for Catalog





showing designs, sizes and many styles. Get

samples and our low prices on shingles and cor-O

rugatcd roofing and siding. Give sxzc of roof; .

this may lower cost. We sell direct and save 0 Karl-

you middic’man a profit. Orders shipped 0' what.

day received and we pay the freight. 0' Canton, 0'





Klmeberg ROOflng & ' send catalog





0 I O

Ceiling Co. 0 and sample





 

   

   





 

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Established was ,0 shinrlc to

99 Douglas Street o ’ ‘ ’

Canton, Ohio .0. Name" "nu-nun"...





 

 





7" Address...





1

............u....uue,





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





In 1111: Simple Way

. Build a Hy-lllb Silo.





Hy-Rib (‘oncrete Silo.

‘ are easily built by

ordinary labor. Re

quire no forms. Water

'3 proof, fire-proof, las

‘ indefinitely Economi

cal in material and

labor.



Write for free Silo

Book, with valuable

information 011 all

farm buildings.





TRUSSED CONCRETE :

STEEL C0.,





688 Trussed Concrete Bldg. v

DETROIT. MICH.





 





 





 





FRESH PURE AIR

FOR YOUR BARN





will keep it dry and at an

even temperature.

The best and most economical

way to provide this ventilation

is to place on your buildings a





Buckeye All- Metal

Cupola - Ventilator





The Buckeye not only does the

work but lasts the longest. It is the

only CnpoIn—Ventllntor made entirely

of metal having a heavy metal base.



A handsome weather vane mounted

_ with horse. cow, sheep or hog tree

m‘ ' with each one.



Ev very owner or prospective builder should have our

helpful book. The Ventilation of Modern Farm Build-

ings. It' is free. Write today.



THE THOMAS d1 ARHSTRONG CO.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 

   

   

   

 





28 ILR.St..London,0.





   





 





, Pump Grind Sew

: inns. r011 mum USE

Wood Hills are Best

Engines are Simple

Feed Grinders, Sew

Francs. Steel Tanks





CATALOOVIS FREE

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WI GUARANTII to stop Till MICHIGAN

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CURRENT COMMENT.





 





The howling bill

providing for the

i‘cgulution Hiltl sulo.

inspcction nun production of milk, and

cream for the consumption of nil incor-

porntod cities within the stuto, which was

undo the subject of a comment during

the curly days of tho logislativo session,

was onc of the measures in which at least

n percentage of Michigan Farmer readers

\vcrc interested which failed of passage

during the legislative session. Naturally

the city boards of health. particularly

that in the city of Detroit. were opposed

to this bill. which would have in a way

modified their control of the inspection of

producers' plants and herds by including

the state dairy and food commissioner and

one practical dairyman. together with one

member of the city board of health. in a

commission to prepare it score card and

regulations to be used for periods of two

years‘ duration.



While from the producers' standpoint,

this bill sought to establish only a rea-

sonable degree. of justice in milk inspec-

tion work. its defeat makes it incumbent

upon the city boards of health to improve

their inspection service by the employ-

ment of more competent inspectors than

some of those who have served in that

capacity in the past. and by modifying

their regulations to an extent which will

make them less of a hardship to produc-

ers without making them less effective in

the protection of the city consumers of

mirket milk. Organized producers will be

in a position to bring about such a re-

sult provided they maintain at all times

high ideals with regard to the quality of

the mill: which they are willing to

furnish.





City Milk inspection.





One much discuss-

ed item of legisla-

tion enacted by the

Legislature in the recent session is com-

monly spoken of as the "Blue Sky" law.

The purpose of this law is to protect in-

nocent purchasers of stocks and bonds of

industrial or other corporations which

may be offered for sale in the state of

Michigan. Under the terms of the law

a commission composed of several state

officers is designated to pass upon the

validity of the stocks and bonds which

it is desired to market within the state

and brokers or bankers are prohibited un-

der penalty from selling within the state

any stocks or bonds not approved by this

commission.



“'hile the purpose of this law is an ad-

mirable one, it is :1 new proposition in

législation in Michigan and from the dis-

cussions of same which have occurred

since the adjournment of the Legislature

it appears that it may fall somewhat short

of the purpose for which it was passed.

in actual operation. It is stated by some

competent men who have made a careful

study of the proposition that the most

notable defect’of the law is a failure to





The “Blue Sky” Law.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER ‘





malts its provisions apply to securities sold Jhs Washington Post of May 18. Mr. Row-g





from points without the state by corros-

pondonce. so that unless the Clo-operation

of thefsderal postal department can be

secured. stocks and bonds which have not:

been [mused upon fuvorably by this com-

mission might still bu Hold by mail to

Michigan customers from outside points.



Wholhor Michigan Farmor readers will

be greatly intorostcd in tho provlslona of

this low or not is an open question. but

if any should be solicitad for the :4an of

stocks or bonds from outside p‘olnta

through the malls it would be wall to

remember that tho tin-called “llluo Sky”

law does not apply to this kind of tran-

saction, and that thorough investigation

should ho mach» bcforo purchasing such

securities. As it gonornl proposition. form-

ors who have m-cumulntcd a, surplus will

not be intoroslcd in this class of scouri-

tics, but A Word of caution to the few





‘who might be will not llo out of place in





cunnot'tlon with this bl‘lcf t‘olnmcnt upon

tho rocontly cunctcd “llluo Sky" luw.

Other footuroa of this luw uro nbjocicd

to by the roprcsontntlvos of manufactur-

era in that it entails it delay in tho mult-

ing of loans which they have arranged

for in (ll‘llt‘i' to give the stipulated time

for the commission to pass upon the so-

curltlos in quostlon. The general render,

bowwcr. will not be lntorosted in this

fouture of the low. This legislation is

doubtless a bop-inning in the right. direc-

tion towurd cllmiuutlng "get—rich-qulck"

stock jobblng schemes from exploitation

In Michigan. but it is still incuuibont up-

on tho lllm‘ont investor to make u care-

i'ui invostlgntlon upon his own account.

before purchasing this class of securities.





On ihc first page

(if this lssuo will

be found repro-

ductions of scones token during the Po-

ccntly conducted ult‘uifu cumpnlgn in A1-

lognn county. 'l‘lioso illustrntc something

of the interest taken in tlloso ulfulfu. cum-

paigns in tlic countics whora they have

been inaugurated by the county agricul-

turlsts. A similar campaign on is less

extensivo sculc will bc conducted in a.

few other counties of the stutc in the

noar future. The sumo interest may well

be inkon in those other efforts along this

line by the farmers of the sections of the

stnte whore they are conductcd.



Some rcccntly collected statistics with

regard to the success of alfalfa in Mlch-

ignn show that the crop has passed the

cxperimcntnl slugc in practically all sec-

tions. Statistics covering a total of 701

Sfiedlllgs with a total area. of over 4.000

acres show that on certain types of soil

as high as 72.7 per cent of all seedin’gs

were a success. which were the figures

for all grni'cliy soil, of which there is an

abundance in the state. Of the total

number of failures 34.4 per cent were at~

tributed to poor preparation of the seed

bed and 30.6 per cent to lack of inocula-

tion.



Failures with alfalfa. are annually be-

coming less frequent as the farmers of

the state learn more about how to grow

the crop. They are learning all the time

and it is none too early for the average

farmer to take an interest in this great

forage crop and sow at least a small area

of it upon his farm. The interest in this

alfalfa campaign cannot be too general

or too keen for the future good of Mich-

igan agriculture.





The Alfalfa Campaign.





In government

by party. which

is the universal

development of

modern democracy. it is interesting to

note the lack of constancy in the princi-

ples or policies of the party leaders in

political parties which have existed for

a lOng term of years under varying eco-

nomic conditions. Vi'hether these changes

have been due to changed economic con-

ditions or to political exigencies has of-

ten been a question of debate among

students of politic‘al economy with the

consensus of thoughtful opinion inclined

to the latter view. These two proposi-

tions are, of course, often difficult to sep-

arate. For instance, while changed eco-

nomic conditions no doubt had most to

do in bringing up the matter of Canadian

reciprocity two years ago, there is little

doubt that political exigencies had a.

great deal to do with shaping the details

of the plan. Apparently the same might

be said of the tariff bill now under con-

sideration by Congress if we accept at its

face value the opinion of that brilliant

Michigan student of political economy,

Mr. LOuls E. Rowley, who has been in

Washington seeking to secure a modifi—

cation of the proposed sugar schedule in

the interest of the Michigan beet sugar

industry. In an interview published in





ECOnomi-c Conditions va.

Political Exigencles.





ley ll quoted as saying:



“It is interesting to notice that while

in 1890 the ‘produclng masul' were the

especial object of the lollcltudo of the

radical democracy. the 'consumlng mass-

es' are today absorbing the entire sym-

pathetic mmslderation of the self-same

militant olement of the party. I should

like to have somebody tell me why the

‘prnducing massos’ have been shunted

and the ‘consumlng masses' given the

exclusive right of way in tho new demo-

cratic program for roiulntlng the frame

of things, politically and economically, in

this country. Certainly the 'produclng

masses' constitute a far larger element. of

our citizenship than they did in that hour

of abysmal Woo. when labor (or was it;

mankind?) was crucified on :1 cross of

old, nnd the democracy was pressed

(own by a crown of thorns that didn't

come off for 10 long years.



“is tho remarkable reversal in the dam-

ocrntlc attitude toward those. twu grand

divisions of the ‘mnssoa' to be uscrlbod

in now coollomlu conditions, or to new

political exigencies? Partly to both. I

think. us the former certainly have

changed, and political exigencies invari-

ably change with them, an is attested by

tho fnct that in the hard-times purlud in

the nineties the wholo- democratic. plea





was for higher prices for ugrlcnitul'ai

products, whllo tndny tho some party's

plea. is for lower prices for those pro-





ducts. in order to ameliorate the lot of

tho 'cousumlng numSi-s' in the cities. As

for as I can understand it. the present

democratic contention seems to be that

tho American farmer is too prospomun,

and that the first duty of the inujorlty

in Congress is to sec to it that the intol-

erable extortions which he is practicing

on the consumers of the country are

[stopped by frce listing his products. It

in in this way that the contents of the

market bnskets are to be cheapencd. and

every prospect turned to rose. at least as

for us the consumer is concorncd.



“It is u very funny business. and it

grows all the funnier, in view of James

.I. Hill's statement, in his roccnt inter-

viewin The Post. tbut ‘iho one grout and

viinl economic fact“ that inukes for the

mineral industrial welfare of this country'

is the prospcrlty of the farmer. hut how

can the farmer be prosperous if be com

not get fair prices for his pl‘mitlt‘lfl? And

how cnn any sane denim-rut expect to are

his party carry the country again upon

tho rccord made by a ('lcmm-rutic Con-.

gross in so lnvldiously discriminating

ngnlust the domestic ngrlculturlst by ro-

Inovlng cvory vestigo of izlrlf'f pl‘nlct'tifll’l

from soil productions, while retaining

“competitive tariff' rates on manufactured

goods?"



Apparently Mr. Rowley has reached the

conclusion. in common with others who

have studied the Underwood bill, that it

is strictly a consumers' tariff. Notwith—

standing the efforts which are being made

to modify its terms, however, present in-

dications are that this bill will be enact-

ed into law with few changes. simply be-

cause the political exigencies of the pres-

ent situation are permitted to outweigh

the more important economic conditions,

to which Mr. Rowley refers, by the lead-

ers of his party who are at present in

the saddle.



It is but another argument for taking

the tariff out of politics by the es-

iublishment of a permanent non-partisan

tariff commission through the medium of

which tariff schedules might be gradu-

ally revised in accordance with changed

economic conditions without regard to

the political exigencies of any party or

the leaders thereof who may be in a. po-

sition to dictate political policies. True,

this is an ideal difilcult of actual attain-

ment. but which might easily be much

more nearly approached than is possible

under the present system of tariff legis-

lation.



The second bulletin

Khiamazoo County sent to members of

Com Club. the Juvenile Corn

Club of Kalamazoo

county deals with methods of preparing

the soil and the early cultivation of the

crop. This systematic follow-up work in-

dicntes that this contest will be made

of exceptional educational value to the

boys and girls participating. Regarding

the progress of the organization, Mr.

Cary A. Rowland, one of the three men

in charge of the work mentioned in a.

previous comment, writes as follows:



Some time since, I sent you data as to

the plan of the Kalamazoo County Juve-

nile Corn Club cantest. We now'enter

the active season with an enrolled mem-

bership of 60 members. Great credit is

due the secretary, Almond Stanley, of

Mattawan, Mich., who, although only 13

years old. has handled the correspondence

with all of these boys and girls. The

county will be divided into sections, a.

local corn man will act as advisor in

each section. During the season the

county agent will visit the plot of each

boy, accompanied by the local corn en-

thusiast. A series of three bulletins, the

second of which I enclose. is sent each,

besides the regular government bulletins.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National. -





A statement by eight of the railroad

companies entering'Chicago to the newly





created council committee of that city on





’ mm a. 1m.





railroad terminals. leads to’ the belief

that a. plan will be. allowed for tho abuts.

ment. to a comidsrabls dour... of the

smoke nuisance along the railroad lins-

lnsldo the city limits. The plan can-

template: the: electrification of all rall-

roads entering Chicago.





The National Association of Manufac-

turers are holding thslr annual meeting

is Detroit this week.





Four Cornell students were drowned in

Lake Cayuga. Sunday, when the canoe

in which they were riding upset.





An abstract of the report by the Eu-

roan of Social Hygiene, regarding condi-

tions of vice in Greater New York. re-

veals startling facts on the traffic in Man-

hattan borough. It points out many seem.

lngly respectable citizens who are iluun-

clally interested in commercialized vice.

It estimates, after it very careful canvas.

that there are 16.000 women who are

leading “Veil of shame in the one bor-

ough. The evil resulting from the public

dance hall is shown; and the many ways

in which the Vice in organized and com-

mercialized is pointed out.

a preliminary one und will form the basil

for other bulltilns dealing particularly

with remedies for the social evil.





Stephen Dudley Field of Stockbrldge.

Mass. on inventor of l tot-national fame.

died at his home last Sunday at the age

of fill. llo is known us tho father of the

trolley our. Among his inventions are

the quudruplcx telegraph, tho electric

elevator, stock ticker, hotel annunclator

and the police. patrol telegraph. Cyrus

Field. who laid the first Atlantic cable,

was up uncle.



Last Sunday morning a mull wreck oc-

curred on the Erie railroad at Hunting-

ton. ind. The train was running at a

high rate of speed when the engine left

the truck, pulling with it n (lily much nnd

throe l'ullinuus. Two persons were ltlll-

ed and 28 hurt. ,



An automobile was hit by an express

train of Lcnvlttaburu. 0., Sunday, and.

four persons were killed.





The Petosltey & Chicago divisions of

the l’cre Marquette ruilwny have been

moi-god, with headquarters at Grand

ltupldn.





A manifesto has been issued inviting

all nations to join in the celebration of

the 100 years of police botweon America.

und England. The celebration will be

held in New York city.



Something of an innovation will be in-

troduced at the coming state fair when

the several state departments will dis-

play exhlblts purporting to show the fair

patrons the system employed by the dif-

ferent bureaus to carry on the state

Work of the people. Gov. Ferris has in-

structed the departments to this end.





Recent frosts have done Michigan fruit

men extensive damage. in some sections





‘of the fruit belt it is reported from dif-





fsh'ent sources that perhaps one-half the

crop of all fruits except late apples is

gone. All across the southern portion of

the state a similar condition prevails.

Uhtll the cold nights. the different varie-

ties of tree fruits promised a heavy yield.





A co-operative organization that prom-

tse- much to the grape industry of south-

western Mlchigan was affected recently

at St. Joseph. It is to be known as the

St.‘ Joseph Fruit Exchange. This organ-

ization is the amalgamation of three old

ones that have been annoying each other

more or less because of rival interests.

The new concern boasts a thousand mem-

bers. which is about 75 per cent of the

number of commercial grape growers of

that section.



An interesting case is on in Massachu-

setts where William M. Wood, president

of the American Woolen Company, other-

wise known as the' “Wool Trust." is

charged with conspiring with others in

planting dynamite during the 1912 strike

of the woolen workers. for the purpose of

gaining public sympathy for the com-

pany. On Monday of this week the state

opened its side of the case in which it

showed aline of evidence pointing strong-~

ly to the guilt of the defendant.



By agreeing to put the questions in

dispute between the street car strikers in

Cincinnati and the traction company. be-

fore an arbitration board. the strike has

been called off and arrangements have

been made to resume service.



Foreign.





Chinese authorities are using drastic

means to blot out every semblance of the

opium trafllc. It is reported from Shang-

hai that in the province of Runan sol-

diers set fire to a building where 100

Chinese gentry and farmers were gather-

ed to dismiss resistance to the imperial

tr00ps sent out to destroy the poppy

crop, and 67 of the men were burned to

death.



\Villiam Jennings Bryan, Secretary of

State. is about to launch his first dis-

tinctive policy for international peace.

The move contemplates the negotiation of.

treaties between the United States and

all the civilized nations of the earth. His

most original feature will be a tempor—

ary limitation upon armament and war

preparations of disputing nations.



The controversy between this country

and Japan is nearing a crisis. Governor

Johnson, of California, has signed the

alien land bill against which Japan has

been protesting because of the provisions

of the bill being considered an affront to

the Japanese people. Secretary of State

Bryan has replied to the protest, but the

contents of his answer are unknown. It

is believed that no action except the re-

pealing of the law by the state of Call-

fornla. will satisfy the Nippon govern-

ment, and for this reason an expression

of the attitude of Japan is awaited with '

anxiety.



An escort ,of Mexicans has arrived in

Spain and called upon tanner President

Dias, of. Mexico, for the‘purpose of invit-

ing him to return to his country and





again become, a. candidate for chief ex.-





ecutlve.





The report ll ,
11.11: 14. viola.





Reducing Distributing Costs.





IByg DR. CLYDE L. KING.





 





(In last week's issue Dr. King consid-

ered the question, "Can the wholesaler-'3

commission be lowered and abuses pre-

vented?" In this issue of The Farmer

'he continues the general discussion of re-

ducing distributing costs by pointing out

the ways in which attempts have been

made to reduce or eliminate the retailer's

charges—~13 11!.)



ll. Gen Retailere' Profits be Reduced and

Abuse. Eliminated?





The situation as to the retailers of

food products in the city can well be

illustrated by the situation in l’hlladci-

phia. There are at the present time

(1918) in this city about 4110 chain stores.

There are also 700 members of the Retail

(lrocers' Association. 111 addition to





these two groups, there one, according to

lioyd’n Register, 4,160 independent gro-

cers. As Dr. E. M. Patterson points out,





“a fair statement of the situation, how-

ever, should include 10 per cent, or 200,

of the 2.000 butchers and retail meat

dealers, 11s at least that percentage of

them carry Home groceries as a side line.

In addition, there are 258 delicatessen

stores. all of which comp-etc with tho

grow-rs, and 1,023 ‘vnricty stores,’

number of which also compete in many

lines." For purposes of comparison. the

chain stores and association stores may

be included in the same group. This

makes 1.100 “chain" stores 11:1 compared

with 6,550 “Indepemlcnt” stores. Com-

paring the three groups we find that of

the total seven per cent are chain stores.

11 per (lent fll't' members of the Retail

(lrocu-rs' Associuiion, and 82 per cent are

“independent."



it is clear that the maximum point to

which prices can be boosted by the re-

tailers in that fixed by a subsistence

wage on the part of the small "independ-

ent" stores. That is, the possibility in

upward prices to the consumer is fixed

by the cost of keeping'up the average

small, inefficient store throughout the

city. The chain stores, and it must be

remembered that there are all kinds of

chain stores, as a. rule keep prices up

almost to the level charged by the large

number of small stores. No one assumes

that the chain stores. as a whole. are

charging a, just price in the sense that

they charge the lowest price that would

give them a. reasonable profit. For the

chain stores to lower their prices further

would mean the driving out of the small

stores. It is clearly evident that these

small independent stores are slowly Wear-

ing out, despite the fact that there are

today, in New York City, about 11.000 of

them.



The chain stores first became a vital

factor in Philadelphia about 1895. Their

success has been due chiciiy (1) to their

cash sales which make possible a quick

turnover of the capital invosted; (2) to

the elimination of losses from bad bills;

(3) to their ability to purchase their goods

in large quantities from the jobber or

direct from the manufacturer; (4) to

economics in distribution within the city,

and (5) economics in management. The

principle of retailing in the future will

probably be to keep a limited variety of

goods which can be turned over from day

to day, with a minimum of overhead

charges, small rents. knowledge of local

customs, and few bad debts. That is,

the small, independent corner grocery-

man, if he fails. does so not because he

is small, but because he can not avail

himself of the economies practiced by

chain stores.



One of the most potent factors making

for this_is the fact that so many goods

are being standardized as to quality and

price; for on many such goods the price

is fixed by manufacturers' agreements.

By standardized goods I mean soups.

many varieties of canned products and

many kinds of breakfast foods which are

known to all housekeepers. The inevita-

ble result of this standardization in price

and quality is the temptation for the

small store-man to boost prices on per-

ishable products, that is, on just those

in which the farmer is most directly in-

terested. To increase profits and get the

maximum returns, the retailer is also

under temptation to sell articles at un-

derme‘ight, to ~make over-charges, to mis-

represent, and to pack falsely.



Proposed Methods of Eliminating Abuse:

of Retailers.



There are four schemes for eliminating

the abuses of retailers and lovyering the

costs that now so to them as profits.





.First, public ownership- and operation of





retail stores; second, co-operative stores:





a large,





third. price regulation: fourth. readjust-

ment of 'existing transportation and dis-

tribution agencies so that the unneces-

sary handling by middlemen, and all un-

nocost-mry cartaue. may be eliminated.

economics for retnlicrs oriented, and in-

formation as to prices of foodstuffs and

profits disseminated, so that the consum-

er can guard himself againSt exploitation

and abuse.



l‘ubllc ()wnersl1lp.-—»l‘ubllc (lWllcl‘flIiID is

urged by some as the only solution of

the problem. It is hold that through

public ownership only can the desire for

profits be taken away, and there substi-

tuted for it a desire for social approba-

tion. This scheme, however, is as yet

little more than a “wish," and that on

the part of but a few of our people. 'i‘ho

cost of the venture alone puts It out of

the question for the time being.



(Jo-operative Storms—0411- formation of

co-operalch stores is a second proposal.

1 refer here to real (so-operative stores,

owned and operated by “It“ consumers,

not the so—cnllcd co-Opcrailvc stores rc—

ccntly adopted by certain corporations

for their cmpioym. (lo-oporntiVo stores.

0me and oporalcd by the consumers.

have back of tln-m yours of success, ex—

pressed in millions-1 of dollars of dividends.



in Great lirlialn niom- there are today

2,700,000 llltelllln-l's of such concerns, or.

counting them as ill-ads of families, one-

iourth oi’ the tot.:1i population. Germany

follows with 1,600,000; Franco, one-haii'as

lnnny;' Austria, 500,000; Itusnla, 300,000.

:Ilnl In Italy and Switzerland. 11. qunrtnr

of a million cal-l1. Denmark, chdr-n,

liclgluul and Finland have snmllcr num-

bers, although a larger percentage of the

population.



Such stores in

had a rather gloomy

score have started, one has succomlwl.

The probable reason for the failure of

the Farmers' Alliance store-s. howuvcr.

was that they were organizations of

country buyers and. rural dwellers, all of

whom have a poorly chcloped feeling of

class solidarity and, therefore, little loy-

alty to :1 store because it was their own.

It is to be noted. however, that the co~

operative store plan ameliorates condi—

tions only for its members. Saw: in so

far as such stores can become numerous

enough to affect competitive conditions in

the average city store, they will be of

no advantage to those non-members who

must, through need. avail themselves of

the lowest prices-I.



Price Regulation—A third group advo-

cates :1 price-fixing industrial commission

with power to fix food prices-1 at a point

that will bring reasonable returns on the

investment, and with power to prevent

abuses in weights, measures and quality.

It is prOpOsed that this commission be

endowed with powers similar to those

exercised by the Interstate Commerce

and Public Service Commissions over the

rates and service of a common carrier.

The legal, as well as the practical, rc-

suits of this proposal, however, must

await greater consolidation of the stores

into large comps-ting units; for no com-

mission could legally fix a. price to be

charged in each of the stores-1 now exist-

ing in Philadelphia, for instance. and

huv.o that a reasonable price.



Should the food retailing business of

our cities be divided up in the future, as

it promises to be, among a. very few

competing chain companies, a price-fixing

commission will not only be desirable,

but essential to the protection of the

public. Nothing can hastcn this more

rapidly than the creation of a chain of

co-operative stores, for,‘sincc the econ-

omies of the chain store are so evidently

greater than the economies of the small

independent groceryman, the injection of

a chain of co-operative stores would in-

evitably mean the driving out of .the

small. independent groceryman, and hast-

en the day when the consumers would be

depending upon the will of a small num-

ber of monopolies. But as schemes of

price regulation of foodstuffs by an indus-

trial commission offer little hope of im-

mediate adoption, they can not be looked

to as a remedial agent for present con-

ditions.



Readjustment of Transportation and

Distribution Agencies —The fourth plan

is to readjust existing transportation and

distribution agencies so that all unneces-

sary handling and cartage may be elim-

inated and all the information dissemi-

nated‘ essential to bringing a Well "“0”!”

ed producer and a well-informed consum-

er as close together as 9055“”6





America have thus far

history. Where 11





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





PUBLIC SAL





9- 609





—-125 [lead Holstein Cows.

Iieiiers and Iieiier Calves.





cross lawn Farms, Gustavus. Trumbullco.,0.,luosda ,lunol, ’13, 1011. m.





deb ad of registered Roi-tel w: golfers and

Pleas. Uiothil do. P11 sol Beets Dog 91 an i

0 b of heavy uquG red eflo

culi- wnod I!!! :01“

Train leaves Amhtsbuls 7: 05 A. I.

Moved Holsteirin





WANT To .UY he erosive-1 of





broodlu. W. I]. H. WERTZ. Woooter. Io.





III-IIS’ DIIEC'I‘OII’.

CATTLE.





Abe rdee n-An





Bord. mlnsietinund of ’l roinn Erica-1

I’rides out pin 1:ng I“ti le GRAND

ossu'rto 1.111111 1511:1111. Michigan 111.11

I!» City Velma! liIlZ the st to eol‘ winners at. these





If. "null THE INTERNATIONAL Chic 1. of

1312. WOOIX‘O'I‘E STOCK FARM. lonln. Ich





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,

YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.

melts Gurus" mu. Suinnw. w. s.. Mich.





 





 





 





U S.

sckbirds. nd





 





 





Hulls. ready for ‘:.m1rvl(o laruo

III “0‘. “"0"“. Yorkshire I10 I. the bostl Mt

Home or write. J KN SEEM. 0. Holland. Mich.





 





GUERNSEYQ-"Mll calves. reg” toiulrenliuloet-«J. bpl-m

did breeding Imicrntoprilu. Wlwdomoro form. Writer-

vliot. Mich. J. K. Blutchforrl. Auditorium Tow-tr. ”deem Ill.





HEREFORD BULLS 11011 $1111 6.51:.”1’1'332

ALLEN BROS" Paw Paw. Mlchlgun.

(‘IIUII’IE (Iiiuill (Jallives 13mm Alli“). (Isms. SihrodJlrz



..vté’i‘o' 1113' 1.1‘ i?1.'.'..°"’11:."i1‘. 211.351? “11.7.3.5“11 171.

A FEW CIOICB g’olmiln Framing” Bull goings

GRIN-DRY 0L BURDEN. IIWQII. “habit-It.





F0! SALE—IOLS'I’EIN Bllll. CALI’





Born June 6 sire s of the Kinglof the

Pontiac: from a (In ”vagina-anew m #01.





 





Dun of calf. r of Eadie Vole

(loncordia'sIt’lsltrlmkoi',0 berth-1's lb in actions.

ED .LEWIS. MorOhal. Mlch.





 





P1018111!k BULLS-«ell bred. at reasonable prices.

Book Chi eke-us (ma 1!: you! brooding Good





layers 611.1 lb (or 81. W 3.1110”. (lek Grove. Mich.





Purebred Redacted

I1 0 L STE IN" CATT LE

The Greatest D-Iry Breed

Sell for m. 11w Boobie-

Holstein-Frieda. Asa». lo: I“. IreMehroNe.





"Top-Notch” Holstelns.





Choice bull calves from 2 m 8 no. old. 0! fashion-

able brooding and from dams with oflciul will

And butter records for sale at reasonable prices.





MOPHIIIOI III”. 00.. Howell. Ilolllgla.





Service Bulls and Bull calves

Sirod by Johanna torcorila Champion,





whose slre' s dam and dsm's dem average 34 .06

lbs. butter in 7 annoyance let 4. 67 % Also cows

and heifers bred to him I can ofler you bulls at

bargain prices. 'l‘ry me and see, and do it quick





L. E. CONNE LL,

Fayette. - - -





Bigeiuw’s Holstein Farms





Breedsvllle, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out. of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





FAIR LAWN FARM





Otters the ioliowin: young





Holstein Friesian Bull





Prince Sarcastic—

Flne in form and breeding. Beautifully marked.

Sure to please you.





REED a: KNOWLES, Howell, Mich.

IIA'I'CI IIEBII IIILS'I'IZIN 1011‘8‘333' {12°13





onublo prices. HATCH HERD Ypsilanti. Michigan.





 





Ohlo.





 





bGalvan-1 of the very best engerveld. Korndyke. DoKol,





”-15.60”, sadly.

we in dl mt. stem of lactation. All Animals tuber-

lustsvneis reached from Kinnu1nnAthMtion.Youw ill. 6. Ity.

Leaves Young-town 7:1!1M,

..B TOTTEN. P. 0. Farmdalc.





utown Branch of 14.3

I moot. tui us.





Ohio.





Lorre Cattlc fleav Milken

Ngit! Stadium 11111. .m’... .11 .35.... 1.....1:





11“,. '15“ Klillplgw.' N... 1. Watervliet. M11111.

Dairy Bred Sho rthorns".’f.°.".°.‘l';





at. present. J I}. HUMMEL. Manon. Mic-Ilium,





Scotchw 11111111111 lull: 1111i lislim For his.





w. w. KNAPP Howell. Mmblxun.

SHEEP.

7 nrtolnrtmcn IIAMI’HIIIItEl-is





 





 





 





 





s50





I-Iicfllmfifi'i‘r” 1'1‘3Ii.1."2.'i‘151".'.'~,’1'.'.”{713.1333 1‘33

shire swine. Elmhurst fltock Farm. Aimont, Mich.

” OXFOINIUI SHEEP " {1311353311 13$...”1'ifi;

P:IISIII3. ..I”:.i‘."f’-”‘.’.‘;: 'i’, GIIIIII LEIIOE, IICII.

lmsteiliel Sheep. Pm Imi Poland Cilia:





II and PEBCHl-ILON HOME”. 2% miles

Marries. on U T. It Item! M. U J. QA A..()0(IK





lShropshire»; for Sale

A choline re Interval flock of forty ham].

Address I ORG ILA( u FARM. Augusta. MI: I:





SHROPSI‘IIRBS 6 DUROCS

KOPE-KON FAR“. Kinderhooh. “Ichltn.

H008.

Dunc: I Twisriu' i..{i:’:i'1’i‘.’.’."...’.i‘i:"1" ill .231"; .27

. 'I‘. ls'tory, B It 1'“ Lowell. fllch. ity Plum": (1).

Quiet Metering IeMku‘mi-mi‘i‘flumfim

orwy refunded 1‘ II. BAK'i i".LE'IT Pontiac. Mich





1 line Item. iliiwm (It 3 I IIInIm all for

(l I). W()()I)Bl' HY. Lon-ling, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





o l c ~Biuurowtl1y ty 11.1.1.1 full slits Ind this

- nprinu fnrrrrwt: and stock





11111.49! V1 ry g

licott No.1 bowl of 11- rd Farm 54 mileweet ofd





0'1"") II. SCHULZE. Nulllvlllr, MM





 





0 I C —Hervi(nsble boars all sold. Bows

- bred for August furrow





 





11m.1'.lllwuzws, Demiile. highest: (1.... Mich.



Write me for

Os C. SWIN (””0“ ”UPI“

Pius. lire and trios. not shin. eve a number

of can males of good Writ. no describing





II. No. 2 Don. Mich.





 





of your wants. A . GUBDEIJJI

~80N8 AND





CHESTER WHITE 1111 mm-





F‘mflof ”CI‘IAIIPIORH Ind ORNADWCIf‘1AmP-

. r 11 now weaned and or lo-

36! N‘IEPB'EAE FARM. Alanna. Whichlun.





meat.

\. TH l‘





 





80W WEIGHID 932 I38.

A 23 MONTHS 0





" iONlA 01m.

[Mum-Lon





hneden oaths roedto

oouthonm manlivinthavethlsrgut and flu-

eet had in t. Every one an dfleIopet

ready forthemsrket at six months old, I want to

Inc. one hoe In each consummate” advertise my

erd. Writolotmyplsn. 'Eowto Money from

.30“. " O. I. "MA-II. ..“IO FM Int.





 





 





 





0- I c1.-—oll sold. Orders booked for April

and Maypmfm the choicest breeding.

C. J. TKO)! Huhltan

0 I C’s—Bred sows. March Ice pain and

. 0 ”1011.311. 1:11 “Hi per 15.

FRED NICKEL R. I. Monroe. filchlcun.





o l 98 ~All stun. growthy and large. Melee



0 0 sreody MOB wle‘c L from. Attractne prum



on young shock. UMP Munith Mich

—3I.1rt h pit-)1 readv to ehip.tl1r: long





0- II c: .rowthv kind with plenty of botm.1t

farmers prices. A. NEWMAN l, Mariette. Mich





DUIOC- JERSEY





all Ices. EPEOIAL

Brookwater Far-1.8





lIlllIIC JEIS"





F. J. DBOIYI‘.





 





 





 





 





——Pell and Bpri been from



Binge-IV -winnln‘ rain-.801"

IN in summer 01591



No. 7. Ann Arbos.M‘1ch.





-Fsll Gilto bred or open.

Nflprlnz’giu pain not akin

onroe. Wan





 





F 0 R S A L E—l'lve "clustered





R. N PORTER. R. 5. Wllflamm’n. I“belllclxlxwan.





“HE: “J. SUI n It” o'E—BzunncyN fall Boxggulorsalfi.





Station A. Bay City. Mich.





 





REGISTERED ROLSTEIN EEII'EII. born Decor-

ber,1912. Good brooding. nice individunl. dark

nsrklnfiogfi . delivered your express office.



RT W. FAY. Macon. MIchlxan.

F R SAL —Holltein Bull fit for service

W from A. B 8 k.





toe

J. MORGAN. Saginaw. W. 8. Michigan.





J BS '.

BUTTER BRED E mfi'Wj‘L“





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FAB.“

Silver Creek. Allen“: County, Kichizan.





LIIIIe Farmstead Jerseys

(Tnberonlin Mod. manual free from Tuber-

culosis.) Several gooda bulls and bull calves out of



dairy cows for eel No ensla- for sale at





a.

present. Satisfaction Manned.

COME C. M000 Coomvfllo. Huh.

stored Jersey Cattle tuberculin Lost-

F.’ Sale-w 0d: bulk and bull lvcalos ~iflso ”Grand heifer

calves; cows wi 1th Register of lerit and Cow Testing

Association records. IBVIN FOX Allegsn. Mich.





FOR SAL —JEBsEv BULL CALF





ready for] teervioo. from

high.) 11.th WA TEBMAN WAATERUAN.

Meadolwland Farm. 3. F. D. 6. Ann





Arbor. Mich.

Jersey Cows and Heifers

To reduce tho herd we will sell 25 head of females at at.

tread" prices. Block Meadow rem. Royal Gullah.





Joruys-— -—Bulls may for service. bred for





ptodno'tlon. Nun com (1 half

BMW Farm. 8.1.13.1! AMA=IDOL H121?





For Sale"r 1.... ..1... "”" 3" "°"°“





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





them. lion ud’lm ‘11:!

3% one

Pod“. PHIL“ m .Allegnn. lick.





DUI“: JERSEYS—IBM Gill! Fill SIiE.





 





CAREY U. EDIONDS Mull. Ilkhlgnn.

— W



P0111111 cums 32:. eagerneflmmé



lecesr'lght. VI. .EAGE‘LSHA W. Augusta. Mich.





 





Butler’s Big Bone Poland chinas





We have I in site tall burs. else me big ms

bred for (all furrow, ()ur hog! are all cholera proof.

.1. C. BUTLER. Portland. lehIz-n.





Big Type Poland China Pigs ifioui'ii’i; 137-33.. 11 “3”





floor 15.808331 NEVIS. Pierson. Mich





 





—Largest in Hichi an. Bred

lift. 1’" P c all so Id. have mgmegood



and Oct. pin that have size. bone andqnallty

your wants or come and





lit-s





”“er





Ex id f .

w.‘Lpen-espe inotaere





 





presented. Freolivery. lvinumml’amlich.



POLAND CIIN ”511‘“... ”" ‘9?“ 1.. 3°“

me



P. D. 110116.11. No. 8. Gm?“ 11.31“ Him.





 





I’. C. ”AIS AND SOWS‘LWfigaéI-a‘





A. A. WOOD I SON. ”no. lie





ABGE Yorkshireo—Choioe bingreed stock. all a”.

tot-kin fro- Stato I it - .

furnished W..O KI. E1151” 1'12an Pedi





Lillie Farmstead YORKSHIRE: 1





Spriubled local! wild. Gilt-bred tor xt A It

arrow. PI- olthor nu. rounder: was





”I

not akin. rule:- bookol to:

count c. UlLlfl.wi:v-Ille. 111:1. J
6] 0—10

E llllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIlIIIIlllIIIINilIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Markets.





lllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllIIllllllIIIIIlllI|IlllllllllIlllllIllIlllIIIIIIIIIIllIlllIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIE

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





 





 





E





 





May 21, 1913.





Wheat—Throughout the past week the

wheat market has been more satisfactory

to sellers than to buyers. The foreign

demand continues to be the controlling

bullish factor, although during the past

week news from this side has been more

encouraging to those who want higher

prices, than for some weeks past. It is

stated that foreigners will demand about

7,000,000 bushels per week to satisfy their

wants until the new crop is harvested.

Offerings from South America are lighter

than they have been and the market

there is much firmer. Both France and

Bulgaria report their crops in rather poor

condition. In Canada the situation has

also taken a bullish turn, reports from

Manitoba indicating a lack of moisture

and cold weather, and unless a change

occurs soon for the better an inferior

crop will be the result. In the states,

crop conditions are very favorable. Ev-

ery important wheat state reports prom-

ise of a bumper crop. There is, however,

unconfirmed news from Oklahoma that

the crop there will not be as large as es—

timated earlier, but this report is yet 'to

be verified. The United States visible

supply decreased over two and a half

million bushels. One year ago the price

for No. 2 red wheat was $1.15 per bu.

Detroit quotations for the past week are»:





No. 2 No. 1



Red. \Vhite. July. Sept.



Thursday ....1.051/2 1.051/2 901/2, 90



Friday ..... ..



Saturday . . . .1.07 1.06 90% 90

Monday ...... 1.071/2 1.06%; 91 903,4

Tuesday ..... 1.07% 1.06%,» 90% 901/“,

\Vednesday .. .1.08 1.07 91% 91%,

Chicago, (May 20).—No. 2 red, $1.06@

1.07-'3’; July, 88250; Sept., 8894c; Dec,





90940 per bu.



New York, (May 20).—-May, 991/30; July

97 3-16; Sept, 95714.0 per bu.



Corn.—This market has developed ad-

ditional strength during the week. The

change is partially due to the better price

being paid for wheat. But an equally

prominent factor is found in reports from

western states, Iowa in particular, where

planting has been delayed and shipments

of old corn detaind. Statistics indicate,

however, that offerings throughout the

country have been slightly heancr than

in the prev10us week, but not enough to

counteract the bullish factors. One year

ago No. 3 corn was quoted on the local

market at 771/20 per bu. Quotations for





the past week are as follows:



' N0. 3 N0. 3

Corn. Yellow.



Thursday 57 59



Friday ..... .. ..



Saturday 57 59

Monday ...... 57% 591/2

Tuesday . . . ........ . ...... 571/2 591/2



Wednesday . . . ........... 58 60

Chicago, (May 20).—N0. 2 com, 571/;@

5794p; N0. 2 yellow, 571/5 @580; July,



56%0; Sept, 5714c per bu.





Oats—Prices in this division of the

grain market continue to rise above the

advanced quotations of last week. The

improved market appears to be due to a

large demand which is the outgrowth of

the reasonable prices for ‘which this

cereal has been selling during the past

winter. Besides. there is scarcely any

oats in storage in the local elevators. The

growing crop was benefited by the recent

rains which constituted the main bearish

feature of the trade. One year ago stan-

dard oats were quoted at 56c per bu. on

the local market. Quotations for the

past week are:





No. 8

Standard. White.

Thursday 40 39

Friday . ..

Saturday ........... . . . 401/2 391/2

Monday ............. .. . 41 40

Tuesday .................. 411/2 401/2

Wednesday ............... 411/2 401/2

Chicago, (May 20).~—N0. 2 white oats,

40c; standard. 391,§c; May, 387,43c; July,

:iti-égc; Sept., 36c per bu. -

Beans.——The trade in this market is

merely nominal and the board has not





seen fit to change the quotations pub-

lished the past tWo weeks. They are for

immediate, prompt and May shipment,

$2.05 per bu., and for June, $2.10 per bu.,

at country points.



Chicago, (May 20).—Pea beans are

quoted higher, while the kidney varieties

remain steady. Quotations are: Pea

beans, hand—picked, fancy, $2.421/2@2.45;

choice, $2.40; prime. $2.30; red kidneys,

‘2: white kidneys, $2.50 per bu.



Clover Seed.—Mar_ket is lifeless and

quotations are merely nominal. with

prime spot and alsike both quoted at

$13.25 per bu.



Toledo, (May 20).——Both cash and Oc-

tober clover seed are off from last week’s

prices.

October $7.971/2 per bu. Alsike is quoted

at $9 for October offerings.



Timothy Seed.-—Not‘hing is being done

on this market with the nominal quota-

tions at $1.75 per bu. for prime spot.





Toledo, (May 20).—Timothy seed shows

'higher prices here. Prompt, cash and

May shipments are quoted at $2.05 and

September $2.15 per bu.



Rye.-——This cereal lost a cent in price

as compared with a week ago. There is

practically nothing doing in the market.

No. 2 is quoted at 631/..c per bu. At Chi-





cago the same grade shows a cent ad-

vance and is now quoted at 63c per bu.

Barley—While Chicago’s price shows a

lo advance and is now quoted at 48@68c

per bu., Milwaukee’s trade remains steady

at 52@680 per bu., according to quality.





. igan flats,





Cash is now quoted at $13.60 and.





THE 'M‘IICHIIGIAN' FARMER-





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Noun—Jobbing lots in 115 paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

le. as follows: Best patent, $5.70; sec-

ond, $5.20; straight, $5; spring patent,

$5.10: rye flour, $4.60 per bbl.



Feed.——Detroit jobbing prices in 100-

1b. sacks are as follows: Bran, $21;

coarse middlings, $21; fine middlings, $27;

cracked corn, $25; coarse corn meal,

$22.50; corn and oat chop, $21 per ton.



Hay.—All grades rule steady with last

week. Carlots on ack at Detroit

are: No. 1 timothy, 14.50@15; No. 2

$12@13; light mixed, $13.50@14; No. 1

mixed, $12@13 per ton.



Chicago—Both timothy and clover are

advanced since last week. Choice tim-

othy, $18@18.50 per ton; No. 1, $15.50@

16.50; No. 2 and No. 1 mixed, $13.50@

14.50; No. 3 and No. 2 mixed, $10.50@12;

clover, $9@11; alfalfa, choice, $16@17; do.

No. 1, $14@15; do. No. 2, $11@13 per ton.



Straw.—Steady. Carlot prices on wheat

and oat straw on Detroit market are $8

8.50 per ton, rye straw, $9@10 per ton.



Chicago—Higher. Rye straw, $9699.50;

oat, $7@7.50; wheat, $6.50@7 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





~o





 





Butter.—Creameries are quoted a trifle

higher in all markets on the strength of

the 1/20 advance at Elgin on Monday, al-

though apparently there is little in the

situation to warrant higher values. 0th-

er kinds continue unchanged. Detroit

jobbing prices rule as follows: Fancy

creamery, 28%c; firsts, 271/20;

packing stock, 20c per lb.



Elgin.——Market firm at 281/2c.



Chicago—This market is quiet with

storage men inclined to hold back be-

cause of the attempt on the part of deal-

ers to follow the advance at Elgin. Re-

ceipts liberal, while the general demand

is only moderate. Quotations are: Extra

creamery, 281/2C; extra firsts, 271/20; firsts

261/20; seconds, 256/251/20; dairy extras,

260; firsts, 250; seconds, 240; packing

stock, 12@22c as to quality.



New York.~Steady, with practically no





change in values. Quotations: Creamery

extras, 28%(0290; firsts, 271/2@2814c; sec-

onds, 26%@27c; state dairy, finest, 28@





281/2c; good to prime. 27@271/éc; common

to fair, 25@261,éc; packing, 211/2@23c as

to quality.



Eggs.——Desirable qualities continue in

active demand at prices slightly in ad~

vance of recent quotations, but ordinary





stor-k is harder to move. In the local

market values show another fractional

advance. current offerings, candled, be-





ing quoted at 19340 per dozen.



Chicago—The demand continues equal

to the supply of good eggs, even with

prices slightly higher than a Week ago.

Miscellaneous receipts, cases included.

are quoted at. 161/2@181/2c; (10., cases re-

turned, ‘16@180; ordinary firsts, 1634(1)

1734c; firsts, 1814617181540; storage packed,

firsts, 19@191/§c per dozen.



New York—Unchanged; good grades

steady. Fresh gathered extras, 221/2@23c;

fresh gathered storage packed, firsts, 21





@220; western gathered, whites, 20@

221/2c.





Poultry.—Chickens declined at this

week’s opening under the influence of

fairly liberal receipts from the west. All

other kinds steady and unchanged. Quo-

tations are: Live—Broilers, 30@32c; heins





17@217l,§c; N0. 2 hens, 13((915c; old roos-

ters, 13@17c; turkeys, 19(020c; geese, 14





((1/141/2c; ducks, 18(9200 per pound.



Chicago—The rather limited supply at

this week’s opening encountered a very

moderate demand, thus preventing any

marked change in Values. Quotations on

live are: Turkeys. good weight, 15c; oth-

ers, 10c; fowls, good, 151/zc; spring chick-

ens, 30611320; duclli, 15c; geese, full feath-

ered, 90; d0., plucked, 7@80 per lb; gui—

nea hens, $4 per dozen.



Cheese.~—Steady, “’holesale lots, Mich-

new, 131/3@14c; old, 161/2@17c;

New York flats, new, 141/4361‘15c; old, 17@

171/20; brick cream, 131436.140; limburger,

18@19c.



VeaI.—Steody; trading not

Fancy, 12(013c; common, 10@110.



Chicago.~—Few on sale and little call

for the-m. Fair to choice, 80@110-lbs.,

1249121/3c; extra fancy stock, 13c; fair to

good chunky, 11%@12c.





FRUIT—S AND VEGETABLES.





active.





Apples.—This fruit is firm with prices

higher. Movement is better than it has

been any time this year. Detroit quota-

tions are: Fancy, per bbl., $2.50@4; or-

dinary, 75C@1.50 per bbl.



Chicago—The best grades of apples

are firm at steady values. Standard win-

ter varieties, $2694.25 per bbl. ;



Potatoes.—Those who have potatoes to

sell are now hopeful that they will profit

by waiting. Most growers have disposed

of their holdings and the southern crop

(if new potatoes has been cut short in

many places by frOst so that the. change

to better figures is a. matter of supply

and demand. L0cal prices are up 50.

Michigan stook in car lots, 45@500 per

bushel.



Chicago.~Decided firmness pervades

this market again, due to healthy demand

and moderate receipts which are five

cars short of those of last week. Quota-

tions are about 5c higher than a week

ago. Fancy Michigan stock, 48@53c per

bu; best Wisconsin, 45@53c; Minnesota,

45@500 per bu.





WOOL.





Boston—There is nothing new to re-

port regarding conditions in the 'wool





market. About the only buyers out in

the field are representatives of a few of

the manufacturing concerns who need

raw material for filling immediate orders.

There are no speculative features in the

market whatever. The operators are

naturally making the most of the present

news in order to secure wool from the





dairy, 22c; -





farmers at the IOWest price it can be

bought and they undoubtedly feel that

the waiting game will be the most ef-

fective way of accomplishing this end,

while at the same time they will not be

placing themselves in a position to lose.

On the other hand, farmers do not ap-

pear to be so easily scared as in. former

years, which attitude Will aid them to

some extent in meeting the. lower price

cry of the buyers.





E—EAND RAPIDS.





 





The egg market is a trifle higher, deal—

ers paying 1794c this week. Dairy butter

is unchanged. Tuesday’s market on the

Island was the biggest of the season,

with 250 loads of farm, garden and or-

chard products in sight. Potatoes were

5c higher, bringing 45c. Asparagus rang-

ed from 85c@$1.25; pieplant, 40c; spin-

ach, 70c; potatoes, 45c; old apples, $1.

Potatoes are higher this week. Hay con-

tinues at $11@14. Grain prices at the

mills are: Wheat, $1.04; oats, 400; rye,

45c; corn, 59c; beans, $1.50. In live poul-

try, fowls are worth 14@150.





 





 





DETROIT RETAIL PRICES.





 





On the Eastern Market—This market

is about normal for the season, there be-

ing a fair representation of buyers and a

reasonable number of wagons present on

Tuesday morning. Prices for old‘crops

are advancing, while those for this year’s

products are on the decline. Apples

are moving well at present and Steele

Reds have sold on the market as high

as $1.75 per bu. the past week. Prices

rule from this down to $1, and less, for

poor grades. Potatoes have also-ad-

vanced and a good grade sold Tuesday

at 65c per bu. Carrots, 40@500; head

lettuce, 750 per basket; rhubarb, (green),

1260150; radishes, seven bunches for 250.

Pansies were offered quite liberally at

90c for 15 boxes. Eggs, 240 per doz.

Hay is quoted at $16@18c per ton for

good timothy.





THE LIVE STOCKI MARKETS.

Buffalo.

May 19, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



Recei ts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 160 cars; hogs, 95 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 70 double decks; calves

1600 head.



With 160 cars of cattle on our market

here today, and 22,000 reported in Chica-

go, we will say that there was fully 60

loads of the best cattle on the market

today. more than has been shown here at

any one time this year. All cattle weigh—

ing above 1150 lbs. selling from 10@20c

per cwt. lower than last week. The

butcher grades sold steady to a shade

lower.



We quote: Best 1350 to 1500-lb. steers,

$8.25@8.60; good to prime 1100 to 1200—lb.

(10., $7.75@8.25; good to prime, 1100 to

1200-lb. do., $7.50@7.75; coarse plainish

1100 to 1200-1b. (10., $7@7.50; medium

butcher steers, 1000 to 1100, $7.50@7.75;





butcher steers, 950 to 1000, $7.25@7.75;

light butcher steers, $7507.25; best fat





cows, $6@7; butcher cows, $5@5.75; light

do., $4.50@5; trimmers, $3.50@4; best fat

heifers, $7.25@8; medium (10., $6.75@7.50;

light do., $6.25@6.50; stock heifers, $6@

6.50; best feeding steers, dehorned, $7.50





@775; light common stockers, $6@6.50;

prime export bulls, $7.40@7.50; best

butcher bulls, $7@7.25; bologna bulls,

$6.75@7.25: stock bulls. $5.50@6; best





milkers and springers, $7560100; common

kind (10., $40@60.



Our hog receipts were moderate today,

about 95 double decks. A good demand

and trade was strong at Saturday’s best

prices. All grades of good hogs selling

at $8.90; a few selected pigs up to $9,

but sales in any class above $8.90 were

very scarce. Roughs, $7.50@7.75; Stags,

$6.50@7.25. Market closed strong and

with a good clearance we should have a

good trade the balance of the Week.



The sheep and lamb market was slow

today, with prices about the same as the

close of last week; most of the choice

handy lambs selling from $7.75@‘8; lambs

weighing 85@90 lbs. very slow, $7.25@7.50.

Best wethers selling mOStly at $6@6.15;

ewes, $5@5.50, owing to weight and qual-

ity. Look for about steady prices the

balance of the week.



Vi'e quote: Choice lambs, $790608; cull





to fair (10., $4@7.50; yearlings, $650607;

bucks, $3694.50; wethers, $6406.15; handy

ewes, $5@5.50; heavy do., $5@5.25; cull

sheep, $3@4; veals, choice to extra, $9.50





((010; fair to good,$7@9; heavy calves,

$4.50@6.





0_

Chicago.

May 19, 1913.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 22,000 43,000 22,000

Same day last year..16.982 55.932 22.937

Received last week..39,006 131,594 74.408

Same week last year.31,262 144,981 79,227





This is a blue Monday in the steer

market, with scarcely anything doing up

to a.rather late hour. and sellers calling

prices 10@15c lower. but butcher stock is

fairly animated at steady values. Despite

the large receipts of hogs, prices are

strong, with a lively general demand.

Hogs received last week averaged 242

lbs, compared with 239 lbs. a. week ear-

lier, 245 lbs. a, fortnight ago, 235 lbs. one

year ago, 240 lbs. two years ago and 237

lbs.‘ three years ago. There is no par-

ticular change in the market for desir-

able sheep and lambs. but the other kinds

look weak, with a poor demand. Receipts

include about 900 head of California

spring lambs, which were offered on the

market, and a double-deck of Kentucky

springs consigned direct to a, packing

firm.



Cattle prices firmed up' and were large-

ly somewhat higher for a fewdays last

week On account of the decreased re-

ceipts, but packers objected to paying ad-

vances, and later the improvement dis-

appeared. It does not require a great

many cattle these days to go‘iaround,





r ' ‘ ,~ 'I ~ u. '

MAY 24, 1913.





cheap eggs andvegetables being largeiy

substituted for dear beef, and demand

runs strongest on theumedium class of

steers and female cattle, only a. few of

the higher',priced steers being needed.

The bulk of the steers received sold for

$7.60@8.60, the commoner lots of light-

weights going at $6.90@7.75 and the

choicer heavy beeves fetching $8.50@9,

but the only sale at $9 consisted of 31

fancy 1,560-1b. Herefords. Medium grade

Steers sold at $7.80@8.20 and good lots

at $8.25 and upward, with medium to

prime yearlings taken at $8@‘8.65. Butch-

er stock, as usual, was more active than

steers, with good purchases of cows and

heifers at $5.10@8.50, while cutters went

at $4.45@5, canners at $3.40@4.40 and

bulls at $5.40@7.35. The traffic in stock-

ers and feeders was restricted by the

limited offerings of desirable steers and

the competition from packers, who want—

ed the fleshy feeders. Stock steers sold

at $5.90@7.75 for inferior to choice lots,

and feeders carrying much weight brought

$7.20@8, a sale being made of some

choice 1,085-lb. feeders at $8, but very

little was done above $7.85, and the great

bulk (if the trading was well below that

figure. Most farmers were too busy

planting to pay much attention to re-

stocking their pastures, and there was

a prevailing opinion that cattlewere held

much too high to render the feeding prop—

osition a safe one. The best demand

centered in good light stockers, with de-'

sirable lots going at $7.25@7.60. Limited

numbers of stock and feeding cows and

heifers were on sale at $5.75@6.50. Calves

sold freely during the week at $4.50@

9.35, the best prices being paid early.

Milkers and springers had a moderate

sale at $60@120 per head, common cows

going for beef.



Hogs were marketed in moderate num-

bers last week after Monday, when the

receipts amounted to 45,032 head, and

some rallies in prices followed that day‘s

decline. As has been the case for many

weeks, the weak feature was the poor

eastern shipping demand, eastern packers

receiving a large share of their supplies

from their home territory, and the Chi—

cago packers were opposed to placing the

market on a higher level. The best ship—

ping demand centered, as usual, in choice

light weights, and as a general rule the

market was apt to show weakness after

this demand was satisfied. Heavy pack-

ing hogs sold the lowest, and were the

slowest to advance. while light hogs in-

variably sold the highest, with medium

butcher weights the next best sellers.

although strong weight pigs, often class-

ed as light hogs, sold near the top fig-

ures. Local speculators took a hand in

the game and were liberal operators at

times. Hogs continue to average well in

quality, and the bulk of the sales are not

far from the daily top quotations, with

prices much higher than in former years,

1910 excepted. The week closed with

hogs selling at $8@8.621/2, prices being

5@71/zc higher than a week earlier, while

pigs brought $6.50@8.40, boars $3.50@4.50,

stags at $8.50@8.85 and throwout packing

sows at $7.60@8. ,



Sheep and lambs had a fairly large de-

mand on local and shipping account the

greater part of last week, and the de-

creased receipts helped to strengthen

prices, but subsequently there was a set-

back, with sharp declines, especially in

sheep and yearlings. Part of the’ time

finished stock was scarce, with the gen-

eral quality fair to good, and the offer-

ings included a better representation of

yearlings than usual. Lambs were‘in-

variably the favorites and brought the

usual liberal premiums over yearlings,

the great bulk of the offerings coming

shorn. Wooled stock was not in‘ favor

with buyers. Lambs made up the great

bulk of the offerings, and a few spring

lambs arrived from Louisville consigned

to packers. Closing prices were not ma-

terially different from those of a week

earlier, clipped flocks selling as follows:





Lambs, $5@7.75; yearlings, $6.15@6.85;

wethers, $5.50@6.35; ewes, $3.25@6.15;

bucks, $4.50@5.25. The southern spring





lambs are moving, and in a week or a

fortnight Chicago packers will be receiv-

ing plenty of lambs direct from Louis-

ville, some having arrived already.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





Newaygo 00., May 14.——April and May

so far have been quite windy and dry.

So far in May has been unusually cool,

with a hard freeze May 9 and 10, which

damaged all early fruits to a great ex-

tent; early strawberries all gone, but late

ones promise a full crop. Farmers are

busy plowing and getting the ground in

shape for corn and late potatoes. Wheat,

rye and oats looking good; also pastures.

Potatoes, 32c; eggs, 17c; butter-fat,30c;

chickens, 13c.



Livingston 60., May 13.—The weather

has been very dry for this time of the

year and pastures have not started

enough so that stock can get enough to

keep them yet. No corn planted yet.

Farmers will wait for rain before plant-

ing as the ground is very dry. There

will be about the usual acreage of beans

sown. Heavy frosts last week out clover

quite badly in places and probably injur-

ed fruit to some extent. Before the frost

the indications were for one of the largest

fruit crops in years. Potatoes are a.

drug on the market, some being sold for

25c per bushel. The bean market is very

inactive for this season of the year.





Ohio.





Carroll 00., May 15.—Yesterday and to-

day we got a few nice showers of rain.

Last week We had a few Very frosty

mornings and nights, which killed most

of the fruit. Most farmers haVe their

groin planted. Tlhese showers will make



ngs grow as t e ground was ver

Eggs, 16c; butter, 24c. y dry.





_————\_

Wool dealers have reduced the buying

prices to a. free trade basis ,on' the 'ex-





peCtation that thenew tariff bill lacin V

‘Wool on‘the'free list will become Da‘lawg. '
"9“! U. -





vi





 





 





 





 





 





* my 24,: 1913'.





 





2 :“il‘jlfiimfl' 'THE Finer 'Imrrlon.





 





.In the first edition the Detroit Live

stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets ‘

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

gamer ear than they do far Thursday



etroit ve Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that eflect.





, ____.___..__.__

DETROIT LIVE, eTQcK MARKs're.





Thured-a—y'e Market.

May 15, 1913.





Cattle.



Receipts, 907. Opening slow and 10c

lower; good prime steers dull.



We quote: Extra dry-fed steers and

heifers, $8; steers and heifers. 1000 to

1200, $7.50@7.75; do. 800 to 1000, $7@7.50;

do. that are fat. 500 to 700, $6.50@7;

choice fat cows, $6@6.50; good do., $5.75

@625; common do., $5@5.25; canners,

$3.75@4.25; choice heavy bulls, $6.50@7;

fair to good bolognas, bulls, $5.75@6.25;

stock bulls, $5@6; choice feeding steers,

800 to 1000. $7@7.50; fair do., 800 to 1000,

$6.75@7; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6.50





@7; fair stockers, 500 to 700, “@650;

stock heifers, $5@5.50; milkers, large.

young, medium age. $60@70; common





milkers, $35@40.



Roe Com. Co. sold Jones 3 cows av 873

at $5, 2 do av 780 at $5.50; to Hammond,

S. a Co. 2 canners av 655 to $4.25, 4 cows

av 955 to $5.75, 3 do av 907 at $4.50; to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 bulls av 1370 at $6.75.

9 steers av 824 at $7.25; to Rattkowsky 2

heifers av 465‘ at $5.50. 1 bull weighing

440 at $6, 1 cow Weighing 760 at $5; to

Donovan 2 do av 850 at $5; to Kamman

B. Co. 4 butchers av 737 at $6.50, 1 heifer

weighing 570 at $6. 1 do weighing 480 at

$6; to Donovan 13 stockers av 454 at

$5.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 4 cows av 875

at $6. 1 do weighing 940 at $5; to Jones

1 bull weighing 500 at $5.50. _



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. 8;

Co. 18 steers av 92:: at $7.35, 7 butchers

av 814 at $6.50, 1 ull weighing 1060 at

$6.25, 1 do weighing 880 at $6.25, 1 steer

weighing 690 at $6.75; to Sullivan P. Co.

3 cows. and bulls av 1003 at $5.85, 3 cows

av 1033 at $5.50, 2 bulls av 1005 at $6.

2 do av 940 at $6. 3 cows av 1040 at

$5.50, 3 do av 917 at $6, 4 steers av 905

at $7.25, 2 cows av 965 at $5.75; to Ratt-

kowsky 4 heifers av' 645 at $6; to Cham-

bers 13 feeders av 938 at $7.50, 12 do av

870 at $7.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 27

steers av 1081 at $7.40; to Nagle P. Co.

5 do av 1110 at $7.50, 11 do av 1216 at $8;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 6 cows av 1036 at

$5.75, 1 bull weighing 780 at $6, 2 do av

1575 at $6.65, ,1 do weighing 1520 at $6.50,

1 steer weighing 790 at $7, 4- do av 940 at

$7.25, 1 cow weighing 970 at $4; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 3 do av 1007 at $6.15, 2 do

av 1240 at $4.25, 9 do av 966 at $6.10, 5

steers av 846 at $7.25, 1 bull weighing

1640 at $6.50.



Spicer & R. s‘old Mason B. Co. 11 steers

av 1008 at $7.60, 1 bull Weighing 1300 at

$7; to Sullivan P. Co. 3 cows av 1057 at

$5.25, 2 do av 1370 at $6.50, 2 steers av

910 at $7.40; to Hammond, S. &. Co. 22

do av 1040 at $8, 2 cows av 1030 at $7. 1

do weighing 1120 at $5, 25 steers av 1030

at $5.75, 6 do av 860 at $7.50; to Rattkow-

sky 2 cows av 1210 at $6.25; to Laboe '8

steers av- 1025 at $7.50, 6 do av 1123 at

$7.50; to Kull 3 bulls av 950 at $6.25, 1

cOw weighing 920 at $4.50, 14 steers av

811 at $7.20, 2 do av 695 at $7.20, 2 bulls

av 400 at $5.50; to Jones 11 stockers av

442 ,at $6.



Haley & M. sold Jones 1 heifer weigh-

ing 580'at $5, 2 stockers av 655 at $5.50;

to Breitenbeck 2 cows av 1070 at $5.50.

1 do weighing 890 at $4.25; to Kamman

B. Co, 4 butchers av 885 at $6.40, 6 steers

av 866 at $7.55, 1 do weighing 710 at

$6.50, 3 do av 823 at $7.50; to Newton B.

Co. 4 cows av 1062 at $5.50, 8 do av 1044

at $6, 1 do weighing 1170 at $4.50; to

Bresnahan 4 steers av 667 at $7.50.



Weeks sold Heinrich 15 steers av 931

at $7.60. .



Lowenstein sold Home 21 cows av 956

at $5.60.



Same sold Bresnahan 1 bull Weighing

1300 at $6.26, 1 heifer weighing 700 at

$6.50.



Groff sold Thompson 1 cow weighing

600 at $4, 1 do weighing 750 at $5.25.



Veal Calves.





Receipts, 933. Market steady at last

week's and Wednesday's prices. Best, $9

@925; others, $4.50@8.50; milch cows and

springers dull and lower.



Spicer &. R. sold Applebaum 12 av 140

at $9.25, 4 av 135 at $8.50, 5 av 150 at

$9; to Newton B. Co. 8 av 150 at $9, 1

weighing 160 at $9.25; to Mich. B. Co. 5

av 125 at $8.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Nagle P. Co. 3 av

125 at $8.50; to Thompson Bros. 3 av 140

at $9, 1 weighing 100 at $7, 18 av 130 at

$8.50; to Goose 13 av 135 at $9; to New-

ton B. Co. 4 av 125 at $9, 3 av 110 at $7:

to Hammond, S. & Co. 3 av 165 at $9.50,

31 av 130 at $8.75; to Mich. B. CO. 14 av

130 at $8.75; to Sullivan P. 00. 3 av 130

at $9; to Parker, W.‘ & Co. 36 av 125 at

$7.75, 25 av 135 at $8.50. 18 av 125 at $8;

to Nagle P. Co. 27 av 135 at $8.75; to

Burnstine 10 av 142 at $9, 2 av 105 at $7,

11 av 140 at $9; to McGuire 9 av 155 at

$9.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 17 av 140 at $8;

to Goose 9 av 150 at $9, 13 av 135 at

$8.75, 35 av 145 at $9; to McGuire 21 av

140 at $8.75.



Roe Com. Co. sold Goose 19 av 145 at

$9, 12 av 135 at $9, 8 av 125 at $9, 3 av

155 at $5; to Hammond, S. & Co. 6 av

145 at $9; to Mich. B. Co. 21 av 130 at

$8.25, 32 av 135 at $8.75; to Barlage 11 av

165 at $9.



Lewis sold Newton B. Co. 6 av 155





t 89..-



Haddrell & C. sold Burnstine 3 av 140

at $7120 av 145 at $9.25.



. sold ,Newton B. Co. 3 av

16 av 150 at $9. 2 av 120 at

$7. 7 av 140st $9: to,Convers_e 5 av 145

at $8.75, 17 av ,150 at $9.25; to Goose 12





are right up to data-





THE‘ MI CHI





av 140 at $9; to Newton B. 00. 5 av 145

at $8.75; to Mich. B. Co. 26 av 140 at



8.735é 325 av 95 at $7; to Goose 19 av 135

t . .



Sandal! sold Kull 18 av 140 at $8.60.



’ Sheep and Lamps.



Receipts, 2430. Market steady at Wed-

nesday’s and .last week’s prices. Best

lambs, $7.25@7.50; fair do., $6@7; light

to common do., $4.50@5.50; fair to good

sheep, $4.50@5.15; culls and common,

$2@3.



Bennett 8: S. sold Nagle P. Co. 152

lambs av 80 at $7.50, 8 .do av 65 at $6.



Spicer & R. sold Nagle P. Co. 37 lambs

av 65 at $6.25; to Mich. B. Co. 26 do av

65 at $4.35, 42 do av 50 at $5.50; to New-

ton B. Co. 106 do av 68 at $7.30; to Cos-

tello 12 do av 55 at $6, 25 do av 60 at

$5.50; to Mich. B. Co. 50 do av 70 at

$7.25, 5 sheep av 160 at $5.25, 6 lambs av

75 at $6.50, 6 sheep av 125 at $5.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

55 mixed av 65 at $4; t% Nagle P. Co. 209

lambs av 85 at $6, 178 0 av 70 at $7; to

Nagle P. Co, 16 do av 55 at $6.50, 31 do

av 55 at $6.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 7

spring lambs av 50 at $10; to Mich. B.

Co. 10 sheep av 107 at $5; to Thompson

Bros. 11 do av 75 at $5; to Costello 52

lambs av 48 at $5.75; to Sullivan P. Go.

33 do av 60 at $6.50, 20 sheep av 100 at

$5; to Nagle P. Co. 106 lambs av 75 at

$7.40.



Haley & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 50 lambs

av 60 at $6.75, 14 sheep av 90 at $5.25;

to Newton B. Co. 9 lambs av 70 at $7, 1

sheep weighing 130 at $4; to Sullivan P.

Co. 14 lambs av 78 at $7.50, 9 do av 80

at $7.50.





Hogs.



Receipts, 4627. Market 5c higher than

on Wednesday; 25@30c higher than last

week's close.



Range of prices:: Light to good butch-

ers. $8.65@8.70; pigs, $8.65@8.70; mixed,

$8.60@8.65; stags one-third off.



Bishop. B. & H. sold Newton B. Co.

59 av 170 at $8.70, 180 av 180 at $8.65.



Same sold Parker, W. & Co. 3400 av

190 at $8.60.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 425

av 150 at $8.65.





Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

640 av 190 at $8.60. ~



Haley & M. sold same 647 av 180 at

$8.60.





 





Friday's Market.





May 16, 1913.

Cattle.

Receipts this Week, 1158; last week,

1558. Market steady at Thursday's

prices. We quote: Best steers, $8; steers





and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $7.50@7.75; do.

800 to 1000, $7@7.50; do. that are fat. 500

to 700, $6.50@7; choice fat cows, $6@6.50;

good do., $5.75@6.25; common cows. $5@

5.25; canners, $3.75@4.25; choice heavy

bulls, $6.50@6.75; fair to good bologna

bulls, $5.75@6.25; stock bulls, $5.50@6;

choice feeding steers, ‘800 to 1000, $7@

7.50; fair do., 800 to 1000. $6.75@7; choice

stockers, 500 to 700, $6.50@7; fair do., 500

to 700, $6636.50; stock heifers, $5@5.50;

milkers, large, young, medium age, $60@

70; common milkers, $40@55.

Veal Calves.





Receipts this week. 1383; last week,

1121. Market strong at Thursday's

prices. Best, $9@9.50; others, $5@8.50.





Milch cows and springers steady.

Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week. 2910;

2586. Market steady at Thursday's

prices. Best lambs, $7.50; fair, $6@6.50;

light to common lambs, $3.50@4.50; fair

to good sheep, $4.50@5.50; culls and com-





last week.





mon, $2.50@3.50.



Hogs.

Receipts this week. 7928; last week.

7855. Market steady at Thursday’s

prices. Range of prices: Light to good





butchers, $8.60; pigs, $8.60; mixed, $8.60;

stags one-third off.





 





allllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllll||IllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllll|lllIlllllllllllllllllllllg

s - s

g Vetermary. s





fillllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllll|lillllllllllilllllllllllllllHlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllEE-I'E

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. 8.





Advice through this department is free

Each communication





 





case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a. reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a. fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter. .





 





Leucorrhea.——I have a heifer 13 months

old, bred three weeks ago, came in heat

today again and was served, but do not

believe she will get with calf as she has

a. vaginal discharge. My neighbors had

a similar experience and their heifers

were sold for beef. K., Montague.

Mich.—.—Dissolve 1 dr. permanganate -of

potash in six quarts of tepid water and

wash her out daily if she comes in heat

again.



Barren Cow.—My Holstein cow dropped

her last calf in October. 1911; she has

run with bull quite a portion of time, but

has failed to get with calf. Our Vet.

examined her, found neck of womb clos-

ed; opened it, since then it has been kept

Open and cow regularly bred, but she

falls to get with calf. R. P., Pinchney,

Mich—Breeding her to another bull

might be the means of getting her with

calf; however, I am inclined to‘ believe

her barren. V



Laryngitis.——I have a horse that is‘trou-

bled with cough, but is not broken-wind-

ed and does not suffer from distemper.

H. P., Grandville, Mich—Apply one part

tincture iodine and four parts olive oil

to throat once a day and give 1 dr. po-

tassium iodide and a dessertspoonful of

fluid extract of opium at a dose three

times a day. '





GAN FARMER





Light Attacks of Colic—Indigestion.—

My eight-year-old horse has sick spells

every once in a while, but has very little

pain. I had his teeth floated. but this

does not prevent him from bloating after

meals. E. V. B., Caro, Mich.—-—Change

his feed. Give 1 oz.- ground ginger, 2 drs.

grOund fenugreek, and 1/2 oz. bicarbonate

soda. at a dose three times a day.



Contagious Abortion—I have a Per-

cheron mare 12 years old that was bred

when two years of age and has had‘ a

colt each year until now she is not with

foal. She lost her colt last January and

I thought perhaps it was accidental, but

she has been mated several times since

and fails to get with foal. W. L. L.,

MariOn, Mich.——Dissolve 1 dr. permanga-

nate potash in a gallon of clean boiled

water and inject her daily for two weeks,

using not less than a pint each time.





'Give her 1,9 oz. hyposulphite soda at a





dose in feed three times a day.



Checked Perspiration.—I have a three-

year-old colt which I am breaking to

work; she became heated, caught cold

and has been quite sick. She now pants

when exerted and I would like to know

what to give her. J. D. M., Pinconning.

Mich.—Give your colt a dessertspoonful

of tincture arnica, a teaspoonful tincture

nux vomica and a teaspoonful muriate

ammonia at a dose three times a day.



Vertigo—My 19-year-old mare has been

having some queer spells‘ develop sud-

denly; the first symptoms shown is a

jerking of head, trembling of muscles

and groans as if in pain. H. K., Ithaca.

Mich—Give her so dr. of calomel, 7 drs.

of aloes and 2 drs. of ginger made into a

bolus and given at a dose——one dose only.

Give 1 dr. ground nux vomica, 1,5 oz. of

ground gentlan, at a. dose in feed three

times a day.



Parasites .in Muscles—We are at aloss

to tell what ailed our hogs last fall and

winter; they were examined by our Vet.

and he pronounced it paralysis of hind





quarters, causied by eating too much

corn. One of the hogs died. the others

lived, thrived, grew fat and some time





ago we killed them. When I cut through

hip I found small worms near joint and

1 would like to know how they found

their way there. If a person ate this

meat after it had been properly cooked

would it harm them? Mrs. M. B. H.

Vickeryville. Mich—The parasitic germs

are taken into the body with either water

or food, pass from stomach into the gir-

culatiOn and are deposited in different

parts of the body, there they grow and

mature. If meat of this kind is Well

cooked before it is eaten it is not harm-

ful. The safest way is to throw away

affected parts of the carcass.



Stringy Milk.~—VVe have a cow that

gives thick stringy milk; will you kindly

advise me what to do for her? E. S..

Millbrook, Mich—It is always good prac-

tice to change food and water supply in

these cases. Give 2 drs. bisulphite of

soda at a dose in feed twice a day and

be sure that her water supply is of good

quality.



Thoroughpin.——I have a two-year-old

colt that has bunches on each side of

hock joint and I might add this enlarge—

ment appeared three months ago. Our

local Vet. thought it a normal condition.

A. P., Stanton, Mich—Your colt suffers

from thoroughpin the result of a sprain.

Apply one part iodine and ten parts lard

three times a week.





WE WANT POTATOES





Write or wire for prices.

J. M. SMITH 84 CO.

4! West Woodbridge Si.. Detroit. Michigan.





FARMERS 3qu room 598.?





 





 





 





to us. We pay good prom um for d

ego. Write us. ME I AN BUTTER do

C EESE 00.. 31-33 Griswold St.. Dotrolt. Mich.





We Want HAY 8o STRAW





We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal advancements and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaflrey's Sons Co.

PITTSBURG. PA.





 





 





 





 





 





 





"' W " :“ ‘1'th - "maybe-hint)“,

Ship your cur-load lots to us.

THE E. L. RICHMOND 00..



Detroit. — Michigan.





FARMS All] FARM [AIDS

Hill SALE 02 EXGHANBE





T09 ‘cr's—all under cultivation. sandy loam. od

house and barn fences. .

down. balance long time. A. E. Oramton, Vassar.Mich





UR NEW YORK IMPROVED FARMS-are great

bar sins at recent low prices. Sand for free list.

MoBU NEYc 0.,703 Fisher Bldg.. Chicago. Ill.





wooml Hols. $li°bio:.lisor“vr..isrim

lends. VENABLE dc FORD. Lynchburg. Va.

Forlilo Farms 32.23.73” 21.93.2315: P43332953:





liolous fruits and ideal homes. For information

address. State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware





IOIEY I‘KIIG “B's—13 stem: 310005501411 acre:

' live stock and tools often

included to settle quickly. More in productive land

near markets here than the some money will

urcheeo elsewhere on earth. Get the facts. Bin

fllustrated catelo e No. as free. E. A. BTROUT



“an AGENCY.‘gltatlon 1m. Pltteburg. Penna.

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Unlimited rtuniiics. Thousands of acres available at

right pricesfw'lu'l: piccolo: the men wenfing I borne in the ilneei





 





   





 





 





 





 





Literature will be sent to any-

one interested in the wonder-





 





elilneto on earth. Write to I public organisation “gives

reliable intermeflnn. Seen-v

rented Valley Melee-en!

eec -

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Every bottle of Can-tic Balsam sold is

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TH! LAWRINOl-WILLIANS GOIPAIIY, Cleveland. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 

   

   

 

   

   

   





Saginaw Valley Stock Farm





Importers of





Belgian and Percheron

Stallions and Mares.





Formerly of Decatur, l'ndiaoa. 15 Years Importers.





 





 

 





Just arrived with an extra good importation

of stallions from 2 to 4 years old, which we

offer at very reasonable and attractive prices

with guarantee the best. If you come with

cash or bankable paper we will try our best

to sell to you. We have our selling cloth on

every day in week. Write your Wants or

come and see us.





ELI SPRUNGER 8: SON, Props.

Bell Phone 292 I J—Z. Saginaw. W.S. Mich.





BUSY





EVERY DAY





SHOWING





STALLIONS





SELLING





AT THE

LOW DOLLAR





SEB\THBM AT





GEO.W. SOIJERS & SONS.





HUNTINGTON. INDIANA.

(Stallion Service Book, IO cents.)





PERCH ERO N S





bred for utility as well as show quality. Stable

includes several international winners. Young

stock for sale. me. or wri



B. F. ANDERSON. R. No. l. Adrain, Michigan.





FUR SAL 3:37.; Belgian Stallion





Sound and right in every way. Also a 3-year-old

JACK. Or will trade for other live stock and real

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: —2 registered Percheron Stallio ‘

For sale one year old. Both greys and WEE:





fellows. M. A EBAY. Okemos. Michigan.





 





ERCHERON STALLION—Bleck. ti: d

P wt. 1000 lbs. No. 1 worker. A headgear. all“





prove a money maker. B. l. Pettibone. Bolcm. Ohio.





 





When writing advertisers please





 





mention The Michigan Farmer.
612-12





 





THE-MICHIGAN FARMER





MAY 24, .1913.





 





 





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‘Soap make happy homes.”





H o u s e W o r k

need not have

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she will do it the





 





 





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' LIES and mosquitoes. one of Clark’s Fly Exits at-

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gllllll||IlllillllllllllIllIIlllllllllllllllllilllllllillllllllllllIllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIIlllllllllHHIHIIIlllllllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllilllllg‘



Women and ,Her Needs. g

= At Home and Elsewhere. , g

fit!|||IIIII|IlIlllllllIllillllllilllllllllllilllilllI|llllllllllIl“Ill“Illllllllliillllllll|Hlllll|IIllllllillIlIlllllll|Illllll|I|lllllllllllIlllllliIlllllllIIIIIllllllllllHHIlllllllilllilIlIIllIHIllllillilllillilllllliliilliiiil"HillillilliiillllIf?





A Little AdVice To Father.





 





who read this department get as



tired of being told their duty as I do

of being told mine? When I think of the

countless magazines and newspapers de-

voting page after page of perfectly good

space to‘ tell women what they ought to

do to be perfect wives and mothers, and

calmly ignoring the fact that men also

owe a duty to their families, it strikes me

that justice must indeed be blind. Scores

of mothers’ magazines and not one de-

voted to father. Thousands of “Woman’s

Pages” in the dailies, and not a "stick”

of space given to “Man and His Needs.”

Not that man doesn’t need to be told his

duty, far from it. The real secret reason

of the omission is that men are the rul-

ing power in every publication and they

refuse to make the slightest admission

that their Sex needs to be told anything.





Again and again have I tried to smug-

gle in a column of real good advice to

“father,” only to have it tossed into the

wastebasket, or so trimmed and touched

up that by the time it got into cold type

it was a real complimentary article.





I always try one about the time in the

spring when all the articles begin to

come in to the woman’s department about

"beautifying the waste places,” cleaning

up the back yard, making the vegetable

garden, weeding the strawberries and

planting trees and shrubs. It always

seemed to me that a large part of that

work was father’s. For the life of me

I don’t see why he can’t rake up the

yard, cart away the ashes, plow the gar-

den plot and get it in shape and help

with the weeding, a little bit easier than

can mother. Certainly he is stronger and

has just as much time. Of course, he

has to get in his crops and do the chores,

while all the women have to do is to

cook and wash dishes and wash and iron

and mend and sew and scrub and clean

house and paper and paint and look after

the milk and the chickens and sweep and

dust and get the older children off to

school and look after one or two smaller

ones and help look after the younglambs

and calves and carry wood and water

and put up dinners and see that father

and the boys change their clothes when

they need to and a few minor things like

taking care of the fruit and chasing the

chickens out of the garden because fath-

er hasn’t time to fix up the fence.





One can see at a glance that mother

hasn’t enough to do to keep her in good

health, and she really ought to have the

exercise in the fresh air that cleaning up

the yard and making garden would give

her. That is the masculine attitude, any—

way. But to me it looks as though here

was a. chance for some magazine to put

father wise as to a. part of his duty.



I have always thought, too, that sev-

eral columns might be devoted to telling

father how to keep the confidence of his

children. We never pick up a paper, we

women, that we don’t read the awful

things that happen when mother fails to

keep her daughter’s confidence. How

many mothers and daughters would be

spared heartbreak and suffering if some

father had kept his son’s confidence. I

never hear a father say, “Go and ask

your mother,” or “Go and get your moth-

er to do it,” that I do not want to rise

up right then and there and ask him if

he is willing to admit that “mother” is

wiser and more capable than he in ev-

erything. In a business deal, men would

neVer turn everything over to the wife

and abide by her decision. But in the

business of raising the children they take

the attitude that it is of so little im-

portance that women can do it as well

as not.



In bringing up the family father has

assumed that his duty ends when he pro-

vides the money for food and clothes and

medicine. Mother is to cook the food.

make the clothes, decide as to drugs, and

after tending to physical wants, look af-

ter the mental and spiritual as well.

Has father no share in the really respon-

sible part of bringing up the family? Is

he not to be held accountable for the

sins of the children] if he has failed to

give them the teaching that each soul

needs? Ve'rily the sins of the fathers





I OFTEN wonder if the busy women





 





are visited upon the children, and this sin





of father’s failure to counsel his sons and

daughters is the one most prolific of suf-

fering.



What boy will listen to his mother af-

ter he has reached a certain age? With

all the masculine contempt for woman’s

rule he ignores her advice and entreaties.

But if father should speak the same

words, father, who, being a man is, of

course, infinitely wiser than mother, the

words would carry weight.



There is an old song which brings out

most aptly the attitude of the average

American father, city and country, as re-

gards the children:



"Go rock the baby.” said Mary,

“Go rock it yourself,” said John.

"The half of it's yours,” said Mary.

“The other half’s yours," said John.

The consequence of this story

It wouldn‘t be hard to tell.

Mary got up and rocked her half,

While John let his half yell.



And the “rocking” is carried on in jUSt

the same way all through life. Mary does

her part, and if she is able, she does

John’s, too. If she is not big enough or

wise enough or good enough to do John’s

part, a time comes when the state steps

in and tries to correct John’s omission.





DEBORAH.





 





BABY’S MILK SUPPLY.





 





Temperature of Milk.-—It is very im-

portant that milk be cooled immediately

after it is produced. How the cooling

can best be brought about depends large—

ly, of course, upon the quantity and the

conditions under which it is produced.

Milk should be cooled to 50 degrees tem-

perature or less, immediately after its

production. An ideal milk would neces-

sitate cooling to 40 degrees and main-

tained at not to exceed 50 degrees.





Preparation of Babies’ Food—Just as

important as cleanliness and temperature

is the method of preparation of the day’s

rations for the baby. It has been stated

that the average pig in Michigan receives

nearer a balanced ration than does the

average bottle fed baby. This is perhaps

not literally true, but is worth consider-

ation. As soon as the day’s milk supply

is delivered to the house, the first busi-

ness should be the preparation of suffi-

cient quantity for the baby during the

next 24 hours. The entire quantity should

be prepared at one time, divided into

portions for individual feedings and plac-

ed in the refrigerator or otherwise dis-

posed of so it will keep cool. If the milk

is not known to be pure it should be

pasteurized in the home. It is unsafe to

feed a baby commercially pasteurized

milk. Milk that must be pasteurized be-

fore delivery should be looked upon with

suspicion. The word “pasteurized” on

the bottle or cup is practically always an

acknowledgment of unsanitary methods

in milk production and distribution.



To pasteurize milk in the home, set

the bottles unopened, as received from

the delivery man, into a pail or basin of

water. Put a small block of wood or a

cloth in the bottom of the basin, under

the milk bottles, so the heat will not

break the bottles. The water in the pail

should reach at least two-thirds to the

top of the bottles. Set the pail contain-

ing the water and bottles of milk over

the fire. Heat until the water (but not

the milk) begins to boil. Remove the

whole thing from the stove, and allow

the bottles of milk to remain in the hot

water 15 minutes. Then cool the milk as

rapidly as possible and it will be prac-

tically pasteurized.



After pasteurization, if that is neces-

sary, prepare as many individual feedings

as the baby will need during the next 24

hours. In the preparation of the feed—

ings the advice of a competent physician

or a properly trained nurse should be

sought and carefully followed. Within

very narrow limits, a competent person

can determine the proper proportion of

fat (cream), sugar, proteid, etc., that a

baby should have. This is usually a defi-

nite proposition in relation to individual

babies. Because Mrs. Brown’s baby got

fat on "cow's milk diluted one-third with

water” is no argument for feeding Mrs.

Smith’s baby the same. Absolute clean-

liness should be observed in the prepara-

tion of the baby's milk. Every bottle





 





 





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by grocers





Post Toesties have

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Stunning

“Society” Style





Get it Today





Style No. 6100





HIS beautiful Pump ii iii

of the many styles in f‘Sot

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It is made of the finest White No-

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heels, counters and soles.





You never were a more comfort-

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thing more correct far Summer. '





The “Society," like all other

“Star Brand” shoes, are better in

value than other shoes you have

bought at the same price.





Our 2_3 big ”Star Brand" factories

are making over 750 styles—over 15

million parts per year. No substi-

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Sold by near! 20,000 mi

Don’t iust £0 intry) ANY sfgre, [23:33:313‘0.





the “Star Brand'f dealer or write to us for

name of nearest merchant who sells them.





“Star Brand Shoes Are Better”





 





ROBERTS. JOHNSON QORANn





usuvnmsns Brunch 0' Inf-emotional Shoo etc-0m.





 





 





Placed “Mus, e!-



trscts and kills ell

niss. Neat,clesn.o¢o

namental. conveni

cheap. Lasts sl

IOLIOBV Made 0!

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injure anything.

Guaranteed slecflva.

Sold bstslsl'! 0'

55¢!“ Prepaid for“.





Ave" Brooklyn, I. I.





 





nun www.mnonib





 





-GIRL or WOMAN—

WANTED housework. Suburb ($0,53ng

Must be capable. Two in 'amily. Pls coo





in

Good w . References h . ’ K

nonuniform Box 47. Grogipgiii‘ieghor‘o‘i. Wilding;





 





 





over: will not soil 0' ,
MAY n, 1913.





and nipple should be thoroughly cleansed

by. boiling. .



It may be necessary to “change milk"

for the baby, but it is about as often in—

dicated to “change methods.”



Avoid, if possible, the patent, prepared

baby foods. They are unnecessary, un-

safe and expensive. Many a “— ’5

food baby” has rickets. Cooked milk,

pasteurized or sterilized, is liable to cause

rickets. Babies should be given fruit

juice, preferably orange juice, daily after

the first few weeks. This tends to pre-

vent rickets. .



Sanitary Nursing Bottle—The bottle

should be so shaped as to be easily clean-

ed. There should be no corners on the

inside. Immediately after being emptied,

the bottle should be well rinsed and

washed out, using a bristle brush. Before

being refilled it should be thoroughly

washed and boiled.



The nursing nipple should be of the

sanitary sort. It should be a kind that

can be turned wrong side out and washed

and boiled. We are told that boiling

nipples soon spoils them and it is advised

that instead of boiling them they should

be well washed and then soaked in a





 





‘ saturated solution of boracic acid.





TheSe long tube attachments should

never be used. Any nurse or mother

equipping a baby’s bottle with such a

device should be prosecuted for cruelty to

children and punished as criminal. They

are filthy, germ—breeding, disease pro-

ducing “conveniences.”



Regular Feeding Time—The clock is

almost as important as the bottle. Ba-

bies should have a definite schedule for

meals. This should be followed very close-

ly. The habit of feeding a baby every

time it cries is to be condemned. The

mother or the nurse should determine

upon a feeding schedule and stick to it.



Sleep—This is essential to the welfare

of the baby. He should have his sleep at

regular times. The sleep should not be

interrupted by loud and unnecessary

noises. On the other hand, he should be

able to sleep amid the usual household

noise. —-Form Michigan Public Health

Bulletin.





HOME QUERIES.





 





Housahold Editor:—Will you give some

advice through The Farmer’s Household

column in regard to making a case for

the family medicines? Tell something

about the size. Shape and the proper

place and way of fastening it to the wall.

—Reader.



The nicest way to build a medicine cab—

inet is to have it built in the wall, but

in case of fixing a case for an old house,

of course this would be too expensive a

method. A good way of building one

from an old clock case is described

in another column in this issue. Lack-

ing this case, I should have the handy

man of the house build one about 7 inches

high, 18 inches wide and six inches deep,

of planed lumber. If you utilize a pack-

ing box it would have to be papered on

account of the rough boards, and to be

really sanitary it should be painted or

given a coat of White enamel so it can

be washed out every two or three weeks;

Have about fOur shelves inside, the first

one at the top to accommodate small bot-

tles, the next shelf for those a bit larger,

and the bottom shelf for eight-ounce bot-

tles. Of course, it must have a door

carefully hinged and provided with a

fastener. It could be fastened to the

studding with large, strong screws, or

stand on a shelf in the bathroom or

kitchen.



HOusehold Editorz—Please deSCribe the

process of preparing chicory roots for

coffee. Seedmen offer three kinds: Large

green curled, moss curled and ever white.

Which is preferable or are all three

equally good?—H.



Write the Department of Agriculture

for Farmers' Bulletin No. 19—“Chicory

Growing as an Addition to the Resources

of the American Farmer.” Also the Uni—

versity of Nebraska for Bulletin No. 49,

“Suggestions for Chicory Culture."



Allow me to pass along something

worth knowing to those who make fried

cakes. I was at a neighbor’s recently





-when she was getting ready to fry cakes.





When she got a match I said. "Well,

what now?" “Oh, to tell when the grease

is ‘hot enough.” So it was, for when the

heat was just right, the match lit as

soon as dipped into the fat, but not a

second before. Try it yourself and you

will agree with me that while the bread

test is all right, the match test is even

better, and a part of that minute may

be used in frying cakes—M. S. '





A neat and handy medicine or spice

cabinet may be made from the, case .of

an'old-fashionoed clock. Remove all the

wOrks and. {Men Sheives of some thin

wood by cutting so as just to fit in, and





 





 





T'HE'MICHI-GAN FARMER





glueing the ends to cross pieces first

glued to the sides of the case. It may

require a new coat of polish but the fine

woods of which the cases were made re-

tain a handsome appearance for many

years, making a useful and ornamental

cabinet.—~C. L. C.

LETTER BOX.



Trying to Appear What we are Not.



Will my laughing girl of today be the

worrying woman of tomorrow? Notwith-

standing the fact that there are many

inborn characteristics in every child

which will remain as long as life, yet

there are also many influences on the

subconscious mind that will mark and

mould it, the larger number of which are

likely to escape our notice. We say

women worry more than men, but are we

not teaching our girls today that they

are more responsible for high morals,

neatness of appearance, and general ex-

cellence of deportment than their broth-

ers? Indeed, we take pains to impress

upon them that they are to be “refined

ladies," which society has deformed into

deceitful and distrustful bric-a—brac.



I have heard a school superintendent

who was trying to impress the band-box

idea upon a group of girls, tell them they

were “tom-boys.” and that if they ex-

pected the respect of boys they must be

ladies. I dare say a multitude of mothers

are saying that very thing in one Way or

another today, and in a sense they are

right. But, dear mothers, are you sure

llttle daughter does not get a wrong im-

pl‘ession and believe that she must ap-

pear to be what She is not? Would it

not be far better to teach boys and girls

alike that “There is nothing as kingly as

kindness and nothing so royal as truth?"



I honestly believe that above all other

things the source of woman‘s worry to-

day is the everlasting subconscious idea

that we are expected to be something

that we are not. If a man is industrious

and honest with his fellowmen he is

looked upon by everybody as a good man

and he is happy. why not woman? ,Let

us teach our girls and boys that with

God there is but one rude of morals and

there will need be no stamping of feet to

secure equal suffrage—A Subscriber.





FASchhxls BY MAY MANTON.





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92'





pages illustrating over 700 of the season’s

latest styles, and devoting several pages

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with or without frills.





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with fronts that can be rolled open to

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or without cuffs and pockets.



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or .natural waist line.



The. above patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

or the Michigan Farmer on receipt of 10

cents for each.





 





 





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THE MICHIGAN F‘ARMER‘





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"‘ Home and Youthg

fillmlllllHilllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllHlllllllilllllilllllllllll”HillillllllllllllllllIllllllilllllllllllllllfi





A SUNDAY GAME.





 





BY GENEVA M. SEWELL.



“What will we do thisafternoon?” ask-

ed Frank Morgan, of his cousin, John

Shirley, as they came home from church

one Sunday.



“I don’t know what, but mother’ll have

something nice for us to do. What do

you do at home on Sunday afternoons?”



“Oh, Dad reads and sleeps, and Mother

plans her work for the week, and the

girls go out with a giggly bunch of girls

and make ‘goo-goo’ eyes at every fellow

they meet, and I skip out to the picture

show or take a trolley ride to the ball

game. I should think it would be awfully

poky in this little burg on Sunday, no

ball games nor amusements of any sort.”



“Well, we always manage to have

Something nice to do that makes Sunday

afternoon the best. time of the week,” re-

sponded John cheerily.



When dinner was announced 'each one

of the young people found a card at their

place with the words, "What am I" in

large letters on one side and in the cor-

ner the words, “In the library at 2:30 p.

m.” On the other side were the direc-

tions, “Hunt in the Bible until you can

find some object mentioned that you can

describe in a few words and that can be

answered correctly in one word.”



“I don’t see what fun there’ll be in

that,” protested Frank as the young folks

all gathered in the library after dinner.



“Get a Bible and hunt,” answered his

cousin Mary. “If it hadn’t been a good

game mother would never have pr0~

posed it.”



"Oh. I know all there is in the Bible,





 





 





and it’s hundreds of years behind the

times. It’s dry as dust; guess I'll ask to

be excused and go fishing, if you don’t

mind, Aunt Anna.”



“1 want you to enjoy your visit, Frank,”

answered Mrs. Shirley Soberly, “but be-

fore you go I wish you Would tell me the

answer in one word to this little word

story. As you know the Bible so Well,

it will not take you long and will help to

show the olhers how the game is played:

1 am a well known implement of hus-

bandry in common use even half a. cen-

tury ago.” .



“Oh, that’s not in the Bible then, for

it’s older than that. I caught you that

time, Aunty," laughed Frank.



“I was formerly frequently used, meta-

phorically in the Bible," continued Mrs.

Shirley.



“Huh ~ metaphorically~what

asked Frank.



“When made of iron, I was supposed

to represent, metaphorically, an unusu-

ally gulling bondage.”



“Oh, a chain,” guessed Frank.



“No, though I was also used asa meas-

ure of land, the amount being as much

land as could be plowed in one day by

a couple of oxen. I am mentioned sev-

eral times in this quarter’s lessons.”



"Are you sure it’s in the Bible, Aunt

Anna? It sounds altogether too interest-

ing to be in the Bible."



“Well, it's there, Cousin Frank,” an-

swered Lucy, ”for I’ve just found it.”



“What is it?" asked Frank eagerly.



“Look in First Kings, Chapter' XII,





next?”





~ verse 4,” replied Lucy.





“Well, wouldn’t that get you,” declared

Frank as he found the word.



“Say, that was a good one, mother,”

said John, as he also found the word.

“Now it’s Lucy‘s turn, she got that one."



“Well,” began Lucy, “here. is one from

today’s lesson: I am used for warlike

and for peaceful purposes, but most com-

monly for the former.”



“Oh, I know—a spear,” guessed Frank.



“No," answered Lucy. “In the Bible

you will find me first spoken of in Egypt

where Joseph, as a mark of distinction,

was placed in one of Pharaoh’s."



“A basket,” hazarded Frank.



“You must be thinking of Moses,”

laughed Mary.



"Oh,” said Frank rather crestfallen, “I

guess I was.”



“Where else were you used?” asked

John.



“In Jacob’s





funeral procession there





were several of us; we were used as a.





sort of guide or escort of honor.”



“Go on, Lu, I believe I’m getting a

glimmer of an idea," said John.



“In ancient times we indicated the

military power of a nation.”



“How many could ride in one of you?”



“Two or three persons usually occupied

us. The Prophets frequently allude to

us as a type of power." '





 





MAY ' 24, 1913.





.“Look in 2’nd Kings. Chapter XVIII. -

verse 24, and you will find the word,” (16- -





clai‘ed JOhn triumphantly.



“What is the word?” asked Frank.



“Look, and find it, Lazy,” laughed

Mary. “Now it’s your turn, John.”



“I expect you will guess me at once,

but here goes: I was once used to let

one of the Disciples down over the wall

at Damascus—” ‘



“Huh, a rope,” guessed Frank.



“No, not that, though a rope may have

been used to help.”



“What are you made of?” asked Mary.



“Out of various things, depending up-

on the use to which I am to be put;

sometimes twigs, sometimes reeds, some-

times papyrus.”



“Well, what are you used for?" queried

Frank.



“For different purposes, depending up-

on the size; sometimes things are stored

in me, sometimes they are carried in me;

then I have to be strongly made. When

I was used to let the Disciple down over

the wall I was a large, strong one, and

when I was used as a sort of cradle or

boat for a baby I was made out of bul-

rushes daubed with clay and then with

pitch.”



"Oh, I know—look in Acts IX, verse

25," said Frank gleefully. "That’s easy

as pie; when you began talking about

boats and babies I was sure of the word

and turned to the concordance and took

one of the references and it told about

letting Paul down over the wall at Dam-

ascus, so I knew I was right. I just be-

gin to catch on now and, believe me, this

is some game."



“I think so, too,” assented John; “let’s

see what you can do.”



“I am frequently referred to in the

Bible. The first place I am mentioned is

as being used to make articles of cloth-

ing; now guess,” grinned Frank.



“Articles of clothing! that is a hard

one, Frank; can’t you tell us more?" ask-

ed Lucy. .



“I am also referred to as a. sign of na-

tional prosperity.”



"Tell us your color or size or shape,”

said John.



“\\'ell, I am tall and strong and grow

best in sandy places."



“You must be a tree or a plant, and

yct~articles of clothing,” pondered Lucy,

"do you grow in this country now?” she

suddenly asked.



“Yes, I've been in this country for

many years.”



“Are you still used to make articles of

clothing?" asked John.



“N—no," smiled Frank.



“Well, then, what good are you; do you

bear fruit?” asked Mary.



“Yes, I usually produce quantities of

fruit and um considered one of the val—

uable products of Palestine. It is said

that our Lord, on finding one that did not

bear, cursed it and it withered. He often

spoke of me metaphorically, or I might

say, guratively.” and Frank smiled

slyly.



“Oh, I know—Luke VI, verse 44. Isn’t

that right, Frank?” guessed Mary.



“Right you are,” answered Frank.



“Well, wait a minute till I look it up,”

said John.



“That was a good one, Frank, that

about being used as articles of clothing—

ioolcd me completely.” laughed Lucy.

”Now it’s your turn, Mary."



“I have a literal, a metaphorical and a.

symbolic use in the Bible.” 'began Mary.



“Tell us some of your literal uses

first,” requested Frank.



"I was used for signaling.”



“Oh, a flag,” guessed Frank.



“No.” laughed Mary, “though I could

carry certain things.”



“Tell us some of your metaphorical

uses, Mary,” asked Lucy.



“I was used on the altar of burnt 0f-

ferings, also on the incense altar.”



“You certainly are a goat, then,” laugh-

ed John. “Tell us some of your sym-

bolic uses.



“I served in scripture as symbols of

power, dominion, glory, and fierceness.”

“\Vhat color are you?" asked Frank.

"Sometimes a white, sometimes almost

black, and sometimes a sort of grayish



white.”



“Are you to be found in Luke I, verse

69?” asked John.



“Yes," replied Mary.



“lVell, who'd think such simple every-

day words as that had such interesting

meanings,” commented Frank. “I’m go-

ing to spring this game on the folks at

home the first Sunday I am there.”



The words in the order in which they

were given are “Yoke,” ”Chariot," “Bas-

ket,” “Fig tree” and “Horn.” A Bible

with concordance and dictionary is all the

things 'you need to play this very inter-





,esting game.
— "i" a.”





 





 





 

 





 





TH EM ICH'I:





 





G A-N FA R'M 'E R





 





15--615 ~





 





 





W ' ' 7' Minimum"unuummnmmumiinmtmmmummmmmunmg

a





g Farmers’ Clubs





EIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IlIl|IIlIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIllllIIIlIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

OFFICERS or THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION- or: FARMERS’ ewes.





President—~Jas. N. McBride, Burton.



Vice-President—C. B. Scully, Almont.



Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. P. John-

son. Metamora.



Directors—C. P. Johnson,

H. W. Chamberlain, White Lake;





llllllllllllllllllll





Illllllll





Metamora;

Wm.





T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spaulding.

Belding; R. J. 'Robb, Mason; J. F. Re-

main. Flint.





Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





Aucelatlonai Motto:

The skillful hand, with cultured mind.

is the farmer's most valuable asset.





 





 





Aucciatlonal Sentlment:

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.

THE FARMERS’ CLUB AS A UNIT IN

BUSINESS ORGANIZATION.





While the Farmers’ Clubs have been

successfully organized and conducted

along social and educational lines in the

many Michigan communities where they

exist, it is entirely possible that there is

a wider sphere of usefulneSS for these or-

ganizations than they have yet occupied

in most communities. There are a. great

many lines along which the farmers of a

community can be organized in a. busi—

ness way to their mutual profit. Recent

experience has demonstrated this fact in

a variety of different ways.



For instance. one field man represent-

ing the agricultural college has organ-

ized something like 60 breeders’ associa-

tions in different parts of the state with-

in the last few years. In some cases at

.least the Farmers’ Clubs in these commu-

nities were made the nucleus or unit about

which was built up the other business or-

ganization. Some years ago the writer

attended the initial meeting called for

the organization of one of these breeders’

associations through the action of a lo-

cal Farmers’ Club. The farmers of many

other communities in the state might

well emulate the action of those identified

with the Farmers’ Club above mentioned

and where there is a Club in the commu-

nity it could with profit be made the cen-

ter or unit of a business organization of

this kind which would profit its member-

ship to a degree. There is no question

but that these breeders' associations'have

been the source of considerable profit to

their members and will be a constantly

increasing profit in years to come, as

their herds are built up to a higher stan-

dard of production.



Also the Farmers’ Clubs would serve

to just as good purpose as the unit of or—

ganization along other lines. There are

in Michigan 3. large number of alfalfa.

Clubs which have been organized for the

purpose of introducing this valuable for-

age crop. There are potato clubs in

some sections of the state through which

experiments are conducted with regard to

the increase of the production Of this sta—

ple crop through improvement of the seed

and methods of culture. There are ex-

periment associations organized to con-

duct general experiments under the di—

rection of expert advisers, and here,

again, the Farmers’ Clubs would serve as

an admirable unit in such an organiza-

tion. .



The matter of co-operative marketing

is attaining increased importance in dis-

cussions throughout the state and theer

is no good reason why the Farmers’

Clubs can not be made the basis in

the development of marketing organiza-

tions along lines of community produc-

tion where Clubs exist in a community

largely devoted to the growing of some

special crop or the production of some

special commodity. Later, as the cam-

paign in the development of rfiral credit

in this country along lines adapted to the

needs of our farmers as determined by

thorough investigation of European or-

ganizations of this kind, it is probable

that the Farmers’ Clubs can be made a

suitable unit in the development of such

organizatIOns.



In fact, there is a Wide field for useful-

ness open to the progressive Farmers'

Clubs along the several lines in which it

may be‘made the unit in business organ-

izations without in any way detracting

from its present usefulness as a social

and educational factor in the community.





 





.This is an ideal wall worthy of careful





studyby the membership of. every local

Club in the state to the end.t'hat these.





organizations may be made to serve the

community in which they exist to the

fullest Possible degree. This .does not

mean that these various kinds of work

should be conducted by the Club as an or—

ganization. Probably for best results

they should not, but the Farmers' Clubs

can be profitably made the medium in the

discussion of their desirability and the

detailed work of effecting an organization

to carry on such lines of work can be

very profitably accomplished through the

Farmers’ Clubs.



While the members not so much inter-

ested in the proposed business organiza-

tion might not care to have the energies





of the Club devoted to same for any con- ‘





siderable period of time, yet they could

not well object to the Club as an organi-

zation taking charge of the preliminary

work incident to the promotion of organ-

izations of this kind, and those who are

particularly interested in the effect of

such business organizations will greatly

appreciate the Club taking the initiative

in them. There is, in fact, no" medium

more suitable for the discussion and pre-

liminary work which must precede the

formation of profitable business organiza-

tions in farming communities than the

Farmers' Club, and this should be made

the subject of discussion and considera-

tion in every local Farmers’ Club within

the state.





Oakland Co. A. R. FARMER.





 





WHAT THE LOCAL CLUBS ARE

DOING.



The Genoa Farmers’ Club, of lelng-

ston Caunty.——This Club serves dinner

upon the assembling of the members and

the program is rendered after dinner.

The dues are 25 cents per member. Eight-

een families are included in the member-

ship and the children grow up with the

Club.



The New Century Club, of Oakland

County.—This Club is the second largest

in the state. The delegate from this Club

emphasized the fact that to make the

Club more valuable to the community

the active work of the Club should be

carried on by a large number of people.

New people should be sent to the asso-

ciational meetings each year, as is the

policy of this Club. There should be co-

operation in the matter of routine work.



Berlin and Almont Farmers' Clubs—Our

Club has over 100 members and keeps a

good interest in farming problems. One

new idea in regard to the destruction of

sparrows was, “make boxes about wood-

house and trees where sparrows build

and take out the speckled sparrow eggs.

One lady found 90 last season. This is

better than destroying the nests andlet-

ting the sparrows go free."——Mrs. T. C.

Taylor, Rec. Sec.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





Discuss Temperance Subjects.—At are-

cent meeting of the Washington Center

Farmers’ Club, of Gratiot county, the

question for general discussion occupied

most of the time during the afternoon.

“Immigration, Liquor or Trusts; which

is the greatest menace to our National

Prosperity?” This was led by O. J.

Campbell, and followed by‘ Mr. Allen,

'both declaring liquor to be the greatest





menace and proved their declarations by

good arguments. A debate, “Resolved.

That moral suasion does more to check

the use of liquor than law." The afiirma-

tive was taken up by Mrs. S. Z. Crowell,

who made a good argument for moral

suasion. The leader for the negative be-

ing absent, several volunteers took that

side of the question. It was decided in

the affirmative. The question box was

well filled.





HoId Special Meeting.—The special

meeting of the Putnam and Hamburg

Farmers' Club met at the pleasant home

of Mr. and Mrs. Wirt Hendee and proved

to be a very profitable meeting. All pres-

ent responded to roll call with conun-

drums. Silas E. Swarthout received a

prize for answering the greatest number.

After a supmtuous dinner W. J. Nash

read a well prepared paper on the prep-

aration for the corn crop which was ably

discussed. Good music enlivened the

meeting.





Butter vs. Egan—The Hartland Farm-

ers’ Club held their May meeting at the

pleasant home of Mr. and Mrs. James

Brian. After dinner the meeting was

called to order by the president, H. W.

Clark. America was sung by the Club.

Mrs. H. W. Clark responded to the ques-

tion, “In which is the most profit, but-

ter-making, or poultry raising?” She

thought that if you put $60 into a flock

of hens and paid the same amount for a

cow that you would receive the most

profit from the hens. Mr. Hacker and

Mr. E. Rose each gave a short talk on

alfalfa. Following a good musical and

literary program, including a paper by

Miss Corcoran, the Club adjourned to

meet the first Saturday in June with Mr.

and Mrs. Frank Travis—Mary E. Openo,

Cor. Sec.





EJIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIE

g Grange. :

Ell“IlllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIllll|IIlllllllllllllllllllIllllllIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIE‘JEJ





Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”





 





THE JUNE PROGRAMS.





 





State Lecturer's Suggectlone for First

Mee’elng.



Song.



Roll-call responded to by each giving

experience with a pleasant piece of work.



Recitation, “When June gets here."



How to make some piece of home or

school apparatus for play.



Do sugar beets increase soil fertility?



Song.



The most attractive part: 1.

township. 2. Of myvcounty. 3.

state.



Pantomime or dialogue.





Suggestions for Second Meeting.





Song.



Roll-call responded to by each giving

a favorite verse of poetry.



Reading, “The best will ever written."



Soil cultivation: 1. Why cultivate? 2.

When cultivate? 3. How cultivate.



Song.



Stunts in tongue twisters.



Results of teaching agriculture in our

schools this year, by an eighth grade pu-

pil, a teacher. and school officer or

parent. '



Mock School meeting. conducted by the

women.





01‘ my

Of my





THE GRANGE’S CHANCE FOR GREAT-

ER USEFULNESS.





 





The Grange has dOne a great work and

should it pass from the face of the earth

today it would be entitled to a prominent

place in any history that purported to tell

the story ‘of the agricultural deveIOpment

of America.



Life is but an ever readjusting to a

constantly changing environment. This

definition is true whether we think of life

from the biological, the intellectual, the

business. or the social standpoint.



The Grange has lived for more than 40

years, and it is going to continue to live

because it has within it the power to ad-

just itself to new conditions. It has been

an important factor in the solving of

many vital problems, but its greatest field

of activity is just ahead of it.



The all-important problem in agricul-

ture today is that of teaching the mem-

bers of our rural population how to CO—

operate for their financial betterment. of

teaching them, if you please, how to or-

ganize so as to do collective bargaining.

Nobody claims that the producer of agri-

cultural wealth gets his full share of the

prosperity that he makes possible. The

reason for this is that the moment he

begins to exchange that which he pro-

duces for that which he needs be comes

in contact with organizations consisting

of men who are banded together for mu-

tual aid. The truth of this will be quick-

ly seen when an enumeration is started

of the various business associations. [The

produce buyers are organized, the retail-

ers are organized, the wholesalers are or-

ganized, the railroads are in combination.

the lawyers, (IOctors, bankers, in fact all

with whom the farm has business are in

organization to improve their economic

welfare. It is right that they should be

so banded. And it is right and. further-

more, imperative. that the farmer should

follow the example set him. Collective

bargaining is the order of the day.



It is currently reported that the farmer

gets but 35 cents out of each dollar that

the cOnsumer pays for that which is pro-

duced on the farm. The farmer should

have more. but he will never get it until

he goes after it with an organization pow-

erful enough to force financial victories.





The farm develops independence of

thought and action. “'e need both in

this country to keep us on the path to

greatness and power. But the farmer

needs a larger share of the wealth which

he is producing in order that he may be

all that he is capable of being. To get

this wealth he must organize for financial

purposes. '



There is need of a leader. a great lead-

er. one who will bring the farmers to-

gether in an organization that will get

them the better prices that they are en-

titled to. The Grange should produce

that leader.



The greatest Service that the Grange

can perform today is to produce a lead-

er who is big enough to band the farm-

ers together for better prices. It matters

not whether this leader comes from the

state, the county or the subordinate

Grange; the important thing is that he

come quickly, that he come before the

Grange loses touch with its environment.



Gd. Traverse _Co.‘ R. HHELSWORTH.





Thursday,





EATON POMONA SHOWS GROWTH.





 





The members of Eaton County Pomona

met with Prospect Grange on Saturday,

April 26, and were royally entertained.

Despite a havy rainfall, representatives

were present from Roxand Center, Need-

more, Charlotte, Vermontville and Oneida





Granges and a goodly number of the

members of Prospect Grange. In the ab-

sence of Pomona Master Pray, Bro. Chas.

Lundquist. assistant steward of Michigan

State Grange, called the meeting to order

and filled the master's chair throughout

the session. The secretary's report show-

ed an increase of over 100 new members

since the December meeting of Pomona.

Reports of subordinate Granges showed.

all to be in good working condition and

an increase of membership.



The program opened with a song by

Prospect Grange. Bro. H. D. Burroughs

read a paper on the relation of Pomona

Grange to the Subordinate and what ben-

efits are derived from Pomona. He said

Pomona was a very important link in

Grange work and be valued the personal

benefits he had received from Pomona.

as did all who took part in the discussion.

Bro. Halligan. who was to give the talk

on fruit. growing in Eaton county, missed

the train in Grand Rapids, and Bro. Up-

right was asked to open the talk which

he did. and was followed by Bro. Hager

and others. These talks brought out the

fact that farmers in that section are dis-

couraged with apple growing and a num-

ber have cut their orchards down, leav-

ing just encugh for family use.



The next meeting of Pomona will occur

with Northwest Walton Grange on Satur-

day, June 21.





 





Home and Rural Sanitation held the at-

tention of members of Harmony Grange.

of Wayne county. at its last meeting. the

program being made up of interesting

discussions, recitations, instructive papers

and readings. The program for the next

regular meeting will pertain to Mother's

Day and Arbor Day, with special music

a prominent feature. The sisters are re—

quested to respond to roll call by nam—

ing the native birds of Michigan. and the

brothers are to respond by naming the

native trees of Michigan.



Bear Lake Grange, of Manistee county,

recently held a social at a local school-

house which netted its treasury over $17.

This Grange has purchased a. building

which will be converted into a Grunge

hull as rapidly as funds for the purpose

can be raised. The younger members are

also planning to organize a ball team.





THE GRANGE IN OTHER STATES.





 





Connecticut State Grange,

legislative committee, is working against

the enactment of an employers’ liability

and workmen’s compensation law unless

it shall exempt the farmer. They are

also working to have the present per-

sonal tax of $2 retained. A Patrons’ Ex—

change, for purchasing farm supplies, is

a feature of the work in that state. A

single Grange has made purchases to the

amount of $18,000 the past year. The

present membership of the Grange in the

state is something over 15,000.





through its





 





Grange Credit System.—Pennsylvania

State Grange has adopted a co—operative

credit system which it believes to be both

practical and workable, as well as not in

conflict with present banking laws. It is

based on the principles of the foreign

credit systems of which we hear not a.

little these days. The plan proposed is

as follows: In 21 Grange of 50 members

each would pledge his individual credit

for a sufficient amount which, taken col—

lectively. would make a credit basis large

enough to do the business of that Grange

on a cash basis. It is proposed to use





this collective credit as collateral at the

bank, where notes are given for pur—

chases made. An executive Committee





will have charge of the credits and will

pass upon all purchases at meetings of

the Grange. If a loss should occur it will

be divided pro rata among those whose

credit has been pledged, no member to be

held liable for an amount larger than

his pledge. I'nder this plan those who

have pledged their credit pay no interest.





 





H0w New York Patrons Co-operate.—

Germantown Grange, of Columbia county.

N. Y., has less than 200 members. and

yet its col-operative buying has exceeded

$15,000 in one year. Purchases are most-

ly of flour. feed and coal. The Grange

has a purchasing committee the members

of which are located in different parts of

the .township. Any member desiring to

purchase anything gives his order to

some member of the committee and when

sufficient orders to fill it car are secured

they are placed with the chairman of the

committee and he buys where he can

secure best at the lowest price. He takes

charge of the car when it arrives and

delivers to those who have placed their

orders with him. Bills are enclosed and

must be paid within 30 days. A charge

of one and :1 half per cent is made for

expenses, such as unloading. interest on

investment. etc. This affords about the

Simplest and cheapest method pOSsible of

transacting a co-operatiVe business and

with very general satisfaction to all con—

cerned. '





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomona Meetings.



Eaton Co., with Northwest Walton

Grange,- Saturday, June 21.



Montcalm Co., with Langston Grange.

June 19.



Wayne Co., with West Road and Wil-

low Granges. in Willow Grange hall, Fri-

day. June 13.



.Ingham Co., with Locke Grange, Wed-

nesday, ‘June ”11. /
Shabby Furnitu

Made New





1.79





f.





 





 





 





I The Power of Silent Service





if the crowd on the stock ex-

change keptquiet and let one man

talk, that man could be heard in

every corner ofthe room. But the

shouting members produce a com-

posite of sound, so that no one

trader is understood except by a

small group around a particular

trading post.





 





The \ telephone converts. the

Spoken words into silent elec-

trical impulses.





In a single Bell telephone cable,

a hundred conversations can be

carried side by side without inter-

,ference, and then distributed to as

many different cities and towns

throughout the land. Each conver-

sation is led through a system of

Wire pathways to its proper desti-

nation, and whispers its message

into a waiting car.





If everyone were able to shout

twice as loud, the result would be

only a greater noise, and less

intelligible.





Silent transmission and the in-

terconnecting lines of the Bell

System are indispensable for uni-

versal telephone service.





For communication to be univer-

sal there must be silent transmis-

sion. In a noisy stock exchange

where the voice, unaided, cannot

be understood across the room,

there are hundreds of telephones

which carry speech halfway across

the continent.





Without such service, our cities

would be slow of speech and the

States would be less closely knit

together. ‘





AMERICAN. TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMEANIES.





Every Bell Telephone is the Center of the System





 





 

 

 





   

 

 





The New Press with

the powerful eccentric

drive





 

 

 





JOHN DEERE

Motor Press





Ask for Free Book





 

 





 

 

 





Ask for Book





 

 





 

 

 

 





 





if I “"‘“'*:“-"7’7”7 .‘ 277— ;i?\/i\ls r ' 4

I . Lt ‘ ‘ v 1 . t “

' i i “k4 -_I -QEFEE l Ii? -_ _. ,l I _

'— 'm ‘> - \ w .

‘ ‘ I :§\\\'/. ‘ . . i’ ' ’





 

 





. I





 





CCENTRIC gears give 25 per cent more

power on working stroke than is possible

on ordinary presses.



Double drive with straight belts eliminates

wear on belts, press, and engine bearings.



Plunger head has a pryinginstead of butt-

ing action, applying power to better advan-

tage and relieving press of jar and shock.



No back gears, no fly wheel, no clutch means

fewer parts, less friction, less wear and tear,

and less repair expense.



Improved block dropper prevents crushing

of blocks or breakin feeder head.



Baling case is bri ge trussed and will stand

enormous strains.



High grade steel frame is continuous

throughout, no joints or splices. Made of

angle steel with heavy plates.



Press mounted on substantial all-steel truck.



The John Deere Motor Press is a complete,

self-contained power baling outfit, always

ready to move and quickly set for work.

Spend your time in baling—not in moving

and setting.





JOHN DEERE PLOW C0., Moline, Ill.





Write For Free Books





THE JOHN DEERE

Line of Hay Tools

Consists of





DAIN MOWERS

4%, 5 and 6 foot cut





DAIN LOADERS

6 and 8 foot width





DAIN RAKES

Sulky and Sweeps, all sizes





DAIN STACKERS

In all styles and sizes





Thelineis complete and

is without exception of the

well known high-grade John

Deere Design and construc-

tion.



Attractive folders will be

sent free.



Be sure to mention the

kind of machine in which

you are interested so that

we will be sure to send you

just what you want.





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Get Phelps' book first—post yourself on the latest buggy and harness

facts—get the news about styles and prices-then compare with others

and decide.





H.0.W‘Pm..m0hiocmflfgsco:,$tlfion"3z, - ,





Thatl



marred



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furniture-—



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have to throw it



away or send it p g

to the attic. You can fix it Up your— '

self—make it look like new.





war”! QUAllfYfl





Paints, Enamels, Stains, Varnishes





applied by you will do wonders in refinishing Worn or marred



chairs, tables and other furniture.‘~They impart a distinctive lustre



and brilliancy to dull surfaces, and freshen up not only old furni-

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for beautifying and improving about the home. Write for





“ Acme Quality Painting Guide ” and “ Home Decorating”





They make it really an easy matter to do refinishing and redecorat-

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the possibilities for making improvements about the house, '

but you will also learn the advantages of Acme Quality '

for buildings, farms, silos and farm machinery.

Write today for the books and the name of the

dealer near you who sells Acme Quality.





ACME WHITE LEAD AND

COLOR WORKS

Dept. AA, Detroit, Mich.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





   





_\ PITTSBURGH CINCINNATI TOLEDO NASHVIllE Y



[$7.7 BIRMINGHAM FORTWORTH DAllAS TOPEKA llNCOlN 1117?

“/9/ SAIT lAKE CITY SPOKANE TACOMA PORTLAND

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APPLETEI





BT01‘F/ ;11 .‘./



.. , ' ' «IV " A 1' -G dh W' ' ‘ '

w, ._ . J; ._ ,4. pp eton oo ue indmills Will pump your watel‘ocon-

I QM ‘ omicslly, work whenever the wind blows and keep atitfor



years. For a nominal sum we will

against cyclones, tornadoes,





 





 





 

 

 

   

 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





Insure for 5 years

anything but neglect. ;

. Why experiment; buy a simple, sturdy, cafe, self-oiling,

self-governing Appleton Goodhue outfit. ,





FARM POWERS

When the wind don’t blow you will need an Appleton



Gasoline Engine and pump jack. You can belt on to the



pump, when needed, or run your churn, hand Iheller, etc.

For heavy work,running the huekerorsilo filler you haveyour

pick up 'to 18 H. P. Hopper cooled, speed changing device,

single side rod; 3 perfect engine. Write us today.





_ APPLETON MFG. CO., 32 o Fargo St., Betevie, ill.





 





/ IYzTO l8 HI? ”

SKIDDED-PORTABLE





, ~. '

far—7% Protect Your Ha y.

a Every pound of hay spoiled by rain or rust



' ‘ or mildew is money thrown away. _ .





Rust- Proof Metal Stack Covers ' .

Pay for Themselves on One Stack 1





These corrugated galvanized Metal Stack covers

save allelic hay just as well as barns or sheds. Made

in lightinterlocking sections that a. 15- ear—old boy can put

together. ’I‘wo boys cover a stack 20x40 eet in afevv minutes. I

Wind-proof, water-tight. nut-proof. last a lifetime.

Farmer Agents Wanted. Write toda for descriptive

circular, prices and special terms to armer Agents.





Metal Stack Cover (20., 27 s. Desolaines St. Chicago





B EE Let Me Pay the Postage ,

On My Buggy Bargain Book

My 1913 Offers Save You $25 to $40,





Don’t buy a buggy, surrey, phaeton, carriage. runabout.

spring wagon. or set of harness till you see what sensational

. money‘saving offers Phelps is making in his new 1913 Spflt



Hickory Book. Over 140 styles—full and complete line of ‘

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Just a postal Will do. Addres «AL





\





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’i/ l/ [(‘i ii .





 

 





 





   

 





 

 

   

 

 





 





Send In Your Name Now





   

 





Be sure to write now.





   





 





 





 





 





When iwriting‘advertisers please. mention The Michigan Farmer, .





 





 





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