'l





 





 





Jan/34M





 





ED 1843





 





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





VOL. CXLl. No. 1. i

Whole Number 3650.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1913.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

$2 FOR 5 YEARS.





The Anthracnosc of Cucurbits.





scribed the wilt of cucumbers and

muskmelonS. This is a disease which

does more or less damage in Michigan.

It shows up, as was fully described, as

a slight affection of the leaf, which Works

farther and farther back until a wilting

of an entire runner is produced. This

disease is caused by bacteria, and is

brought about by the stOppage of the

water tubes by the organisms. Its effect

on the fruit is purely secondary—that is,

the fruit is not directly rotted or injured,

the effect coming wholly from the wilting

of the runner.

The disease





IN a preceding article the author de-





to 'be discussed in this

article is of a fungous nature, and it

ShOWS up in three ways: First, in its

effect on the leaves; second, in its effect

on the general health of the plant; and

third, as a rot of the fruit.



The name «of this disease, anthracnose,

is the name more or less in common use,

which is applied to the characteristic

class of diseases produced by a related

group of fungi. We have, classed under

this head several of the worst fungous

diseases: notably, bean anthracnose, cot-

ton anthracnose, clover anthracnose, and

apple anthracnose, or bitter rot. The





'general character of the diseases is quite





similar, and in the main





severe attack the fruit is gnarled, off-

color, and diStorted. The grower calls

the cucumbers so starved “nubbins,” and





many a crop last year was in a large

part of this kind.



Then we have the direct effect on the

fruit. Germs from the leaves are washed

on the young fruits, and here produce the

characteristic anthracnose spots—small,

soft, round depressions which, when ripe,

become covered with masses of pink

Spores. Each spot upon a cucumber,

muskmelon, or watermelon, shows where

a spore was washed, and each spot in

turn becomes the center from which mil-

lions of spores are sent out, each capable

of producing rot.



The rot starts as a very small soft

spot. Soon the flesh sinks in and be-

comes watery, and finally the spot may

become an inch in diameter and extend

very deep into the flesh.



The loss caused by this fungus is enor-

mous. The loss may be looked at from

several angles. First, a shortage. This

comes from the effect on the leaves and

the general stunting of the plants. Fre-

quently the farmer sees no reason for

the lack of crop; he only knows that the

cucumbers are not yielding. Here is

where the weather is blamed. Then there





the complaints made by the farmers, as

reported by managers of salting stations,

this form of loss is considerable,



It may be asked why it is, if this dis—

ease is so widespread, and does such

damage, that the farmers have not heard





of it, or do not mention it. For the

most part, all know it, but as yet no

commonly adopted name exists. Growers

call the effect “blight,” “rot,” “wilt,"





“rust," “leaf blight,” confusing in these

names many other diseases. It is because

of this confusion of popular names that

students of plant diseases are attempting

to bring the name anthracnose into com-

mon use for this trouble. There is much

in favor of the usage.

Weather.



Many growers feel that much that is

written about plant diseases is unneces-

sary. Thcy have an explanation for all

the symptoms described above. They

say the weather isn’t right—too cold, too

wet, too hot, too dry. It; is only when

we View the diSease in light of the cause

and consider the effect of the weather

upon this cause that we can get means

for fighting the disease. “'e can't pro-

tect frOm the weather, but we can pro-

tect our plants from this cause of rot-

ting when the weather threatens.





past two years, and so far no complaint

has been made. Orton recommends:





First—Planting close in the row, but

with wide rows in order to allow spray-

ing throughout the season. Keep at least

a foot alley open.



Second—Spray with Bordeaux mixture

326250, when the vines begin to run.

Spray thoroughly, and cover the stalks

and the under side of the leaves.





Third—Spray every ten days with a

stronger Bordeaux, 4:4:50—cvery ten days

in dry weather, more often in wet

seasons.



Profits thirty times the c0st of spray—

ing have been obtained by this method.



In view of the careful trials reported

by Orton, and their evident success, it

seems safe to recommend his advice, but

we must hold in mind the chance of ef-

fect on the blossoms. The early spray-

ings can, of course, be given, and thus

insure the general health of the patch

before the fruit begins to be formed.

\Vlth the later sprayings, the grower can

soon decide whether the fruit is failing

to set, and thus avoid severe loss, should

such loss be a common result of spraying.



To sum up this article, I have compared

this disease with the wilt described some



months ago. Both are





 





the description given

here for melon an'thrac-

nose fits for the general

run of these diseases.

On the cucumber and

related plants, thefirst

effect of the anthrac-

nose is found on the

leaves. The careful

grower may notice yel-

low, brittle spots on the

leaves of his plants.

These show up on the

plants during July or

August, and are more

prevalent in a wet sea-

son. When the fungus

producing t'he dead

spots is in the right

stage, pink, gummy

masses appear. These

may be so marked in

the leaf as to make a

gummy exudation with-

out definite arrange—

ment, but more fre—

frequently the pink

masses are clustered

about the dead spot. As

has been said, only the

careful grower sees this

effect, since insect work,





 





 





Last Month.





 





 





Alfalfa Field on





the Farm of Henry Brodhagen,





..y‘.





 





severe diseases, and I

have told how the loss

-‘ _ is brought about from

' each. I have mention-

ed the relation to the

weather, and tried to

point out that while a

fungus causes the dis-

ease, the weather forms

and aids the spread of

the disease. Lastly, I

have told what the gov-

ernment recommends as

a control measure for

this disease, and have

mentioned the possible

danger in the use of

this treatment.



The pickle industry in

this state involves thou-

Sands of acres and much

capital is invested. To

many farmers the

growing of this class of

plants is an important

thing. The growing of

cucumbers, muskmclons

and watermelons, is

rendered uncertain by





 





 





An Object Lesson Which Doubtless Cantributed to the Success of the Alfalfa Campaign in Grand Traverse Co.

Less than One Year after Seeding.





this disease. Uncertain

crops mean loss and

hardship to the farmer.





 





 





dryness, etc., cause this

trouble to be overlooked more commonly.



But though the attack on the leaves is

.overlooked, the fungus soon makes its

presence felt. With the dashing rains

and the continued wet Weather the dis-

ease spreads rapidly and the effect on

the general health of the plant shows up.

The patch looks yellow and ragged, and

with severe anthracnose and the decima-

tio'n produced by wilt, the patch shows

bare areas.



As every farmer and fruit grower

should know,‘ the leaves of the plant

are the organs which make the food.

Water and minerals are obtained from

the soil, ' but the starches and sugars,

which form the bases for the making of

the foods, which nourish the plant and

which go into the fruit, are made in the

leaves, and unless the leaf-spreadis com-

plete and healthy, the plant; suffers and

the fruit is inferior.



Therefore, as a result of anthracnose.

the plants are stunted and in cases of





   





may be a. fair crop, but the quality is in-

ferior. It is said that the entire crop in

certain sections was off-color and irre-

gular in shape this past year. So far as

the information has been obtained, ’these

cases were due to the ravages of an-

thracnose—notice, not on the fruit, but

due almost entirely to the work on the

leaves. Just how much loss this means

cannot be known until it is found how

the poor colored and irregular pickles

sell. Many packers put up this sclt of

pickles, trusting that there would be a.

market for them even at a reduced price.

In some years any quality sells, in oth-

ers only the first-class can command a.

price. The other form of loss comes

from .' rotting in the field. Such loss is

hard to estimate, the only definite in-

formation ccimes from counts made in

the fields. These show that ten per cent

as an average of the pickles, late in the

season, are not pickled because of spots

and rotting. Indirectly judging from





     





By all odds the weather which favors

loss is the sort shown last season. A

very wet and cold August added to the

wet July, gave all that was necessary

to bring about enormous loss. In the

preceding year, when drought prevailed,

little or no IOSS was reported. These

two years when contrasted give the es-

sential points with respect to the weather.

Control.



To control this disease two sets of

experiments need be mentioned. One set

by W. A. Orton, of the United States De-

partment of Agriculture, done in 1906-07,

and the other by C. D, Jarvis, of the

Storm-Connecticut Experiment Station,

publiShed last year.



Orton had great success in his treat-

ment, while Jarvis noted some cases

where spraying did not help, but rather

interfered with the crop because of the

effect on blossoms.



Orton’s recommendations have been

given to farmers in Michigan for the





It is therefore urged

that farmers protect themselves by prop-

er preparations for spraying.



Mich. Agr. College. G. H. Coorzs.

FARM EQUIPMENT AND THE LABOR

QUESTION.



That the} labor situation is a serious

one no man familiar with the subject

can deny. Farmers are handicapped in

their operations by the lack of assistants.





 





The output of food products is not what





it would be were helpers more plentiful.

In any number of cases: acres are abso-

lutely lying unfilled because“ no one can

be hired to do the work which the farm-

er himself is unable to perform. In such

cases he tills what he can unassisted and

allows the remainder of his land to lie

idle , . '



As a. rule, there is less difficulty-£1121





securing help on farms large enoughélto





afford the best modern " equipment. A.” ’

man who can operate a. machine is bets
2——2 . ‘ _ . THE MICHIGAN EARMER M5; \Itl-‘ll .mulm





ter satisfied than the one lwho must four or five times, out up, bulked and so that its good and bad qualities are the buildings were not blown dowu or

work all day in the old-fashioned man- shelled, before it was ready for market; Well known upon our different soils. the orchard rooted out, or something of

ner when everything had to be done by The only expense of raising an acre'of There is a more or less popular idea in that sort. At any rate, the stormrdid an

the hardest way. Ihay after the meadow is seeded, is in this country that this grass is especially immense amount of good as well assume

Men and women in every walk of life cutting and drying the hay. Does any- adapted to dry'sandy soils deficient in harm. 7

are, after all, very much alike and all body believe that $5.45 would pay the plant food and humus. However, while In two hours time if it had not rained

seek the easiest way of securing results. difference in cost between raising a crop it does compare favorably with other We would have finished plantingour late

so by eliminating as much as possible of com and a crop of hay? , grasses in this respect, the best results potatoes. or course, this is pretty late,

of the drudgery of farm life We make it Most farmers continue to mow their with this grass cannot be gotten upon June 25, but we have had pretty good

more attractive not only to ourselves but meadows until the grass begins to run such soils. It will however, bear grazing luck in raising good crops of potatoes

to those whom we employ. out, and then put on the manure and well and with a thin seeding will take the last few years by late planting, so I

A man who has had his share of trou- plow them up fer corn, to be followed complete possession of the ground since was in no hurry. We could have planted

ble in securing help has recently been with oats or barley and wheat, and then it spreads by means of underground root these potatoes quite a little bif'sooner

enabled to install an electrical current reseeded. Grass seed is expensive and it stocks the same as quack grass. and like this year, the ground was all ready, but

in his farm buildings owing to his prox- would save a’great deal of cost if our it, becomes something of a. weed peSt I delayed it because We have been de-

imity to a large power plant. Not only meadows could be kept longer in grass when a field is broken up for any other layed planting until about this time for

are his barns lighted by. this means but which could be done by top-dressing with crop. Its chief use in this country has the last three or four years. We were

his milking machine and other dairy ap- manure. The writer drawed out stable been in localities where grass was desir- working the ground occasionally and kill-

paratus, including a vacuum cleaner for manure in the fall and winter and spread ed to bind loose soils, for which purpose ing the weeds and getting it in fine con-

stable and cows, is operated by this sil- it thickly on half of a ten-acre meadow. it is admirably adapted owing to the dition. This rain, of course, has packed

out but efficient force. He now finds no In the spring as soOn as the grass start- habit of growth above mentioned. The the ground so that we will have to har-

diificulty whateVer in securing all the ed, the coarser portions of the manure better way, ln the writer’s Opinion. would row soon on that portion of the field

help he requires. were raked up with the horse rake (to be to experiment with thlS grass on a which is planted, and the ground will

Employers everywhere are installing prevent it from getting into the hay), small scale at first rather than to sow it have to be refitted on that portion which

the last word in equipment and the and drawn back to the barn. The ground over any COnSlderable area. lS not planted because lt Wlll be packed

farmer is fast falling into mm Old- was then given a; thorough harrowing Sweet Clover as a Pasture Crop. down so that I don’t think the potato

fashioned methods won’t do today. In with a spike—tooth harrow to pulverize Sweet cIOVer has not been used as a planter will work very good. The task

exact proportion as We improve labor the manure, scratch up the hide-bound forage crop, but rather regarded as a of planting potatoes has been reduced al-

conditions, here as elsewhere, do we re- Surface, let in the air, and sweeten the Weed, in t‘hls section 0f the con 3'. In most to a minimum. Before we had a.

move objections on the part of our em- soil. some localities, however, it has b used potato planter it took several men quite

'hloyes. This means additional expense The benefit of the manure and harrow- successfully both as 3 paSture crop and a while to. plant what few potatoes 'we

but one that must be met by increased ing was wonderful. There was more than a_hay crop. .'lhe secret of pasturmg It plant. and 1t 18 hard work. But since we

profits of yield and marketing. Along twice as much hay on that part of the With success is said to be close pasturlng purchased a potato planter two men and

both these lines there is considerable meadow than on the other. In case wild 1“ the spring and keeping 1t sufficiently a. team can plant the potatoes in a short

1.00m for improvement, for even the most carrot, daisies, 0,. other noxious weeds Well stocked so that it will-be eaten time and do it better than it can. be

intelligent among us has yet much to should gain a foothold in the meadow down at all times t0 a point ‘where fresh done by hand, and distribute fertilizer





 





 





_. boots are continually starting. It is at the same time the seed is planted.

,. . Slbl l s f H. they should be spudded out effectually. 5



19:2“, about the pos Ht 6 O ag Pennsylvania. J_ W. INGRAM. conSldered doubtful, however, even by What used to be a hard and severe task



(ll‘uleé C F E R _______ those who are enthusiastic regarding its to be dreaded is now reduced to a pleas.-



.ene 88 0' “ ' ' FARM NOTES. merits, whether sweet clover will ever ant job. The man who sees that the



- __ serve a' more valuable place as a pas- seed is placed in the right place is the



HOW TOINle/ER?! 222:0:AY CROP Permanent Pastures for High Landt ture plant than for supplementing other only man that has to do any work, and





 





1 have 1, hog’s-back containing about pastures, but its ability to grow on poor he rides, and it is extremely light work,

A neighbor who movod into a new six or eight acres which is covered with Soils and build them up in fertility has and then again, the potato planter doesn't





h d d a 1 _ another ian old Junte grassl sod. Now what cttiiuld made it friends in the more or less lim- pull very hard forthe horses, and you

Ouse, an' ma 6' a g N en 1n sow on i to ma {e a permanen pas ure ited field of its use. . lk v ‘ lse

place, seeded the old one with timothy for sheep 01‘ cattle? The June grass af« can t have them wa ery fast or e





.md red-top The second year after seed- ‘i'ords but little pasture otter June. \Vould Either 0f the forage plants above men- the man cannot see that the seed is DPOD'





. ‘ alfalfa make a good permanent pasture? lioned are best sown in the spring, al- erly placed, So take it all in all, it is an

mg was very dry, and the best meadows if so what time of year should it be





ho ~ . - ' . ,

in this locality cut a very light swath. In sowed? “l have1 i sfmall lllluckletberrry ltn riflhutlhlarliermjrideaef§3§f§ilbéuézldslflzdn2é 52::V1233}aandgoidraplzlfatjgbp]221$:nt pota

Strlkmg contrast the grass on that Old illitrhé’mefle}}2,,.°§0,3d liaisihrttnhemiz Sweet clover is also a plant which should When to See-d Alfalfa.

garden Spot “as as tall 'and “”Ck as any where there are none, and what time of be grown in an experimental rather than The question is often asked now days,

grown in this country 1.” a wet season, year? 1" a WhOlesale way until the grower be- when is the best time to seed alfalfa?

and good enough to satisfy any reason- In'ghnm Co. . O. J. H. comes familiar with its habits and lim- Really I don’t think anybody knows just

able farmer. “hile June grass or Kentucky blue





_ _ ' itations. On soils that will grow alfalfa when is the best time to seed alfalfa. It

W'hy did this old garden spot rinse bet- grass is perhaps the most valable Single well it would undoubtedly be the most all depends upon conditions. If you have

tel‘ grass than any meadow ln the neigh- grass for a permanent pasture 0“ high profitable crop to sow. It requires a very the rivht kind of land and the season

borhood? “‘hy did it “ill Sllfiel‘ for land, if grazed closely and “Qt encour- firm seed bed for best results in seeding is rigllt a good time to. sow alfalfa,

moisture the Same as other grass lands aged with an occasional application of and, like other legumes does best on an then is’early in the spring. You stand

in the vicinity? Mainly because it was manure it does not yield a satisfactory alkaline soil. In some cases inoculation a chance of getting one good cutting that

so much richer, to supply abundantly amount of forage. The best authorities may be necessary to the getting of a. year On the other hand if your land

plant f00d_the means 0f growth, and was on grasses for permanent pasture, how- g00d stand, as with alfalfa. is foul or if other conditions are not

fuller of humus to absm'b, and retain ever, include Kentucky blue grass for all proper in spring it is undoubtedly better

more of the rain water for the use of the upland pastures in this latitude. LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES. to defer the seeding until this time of

plants. A large lil‘olwrtion 0f humus in For Sowmg With same' “mom.” or- the year or even until August. If the

the soil no doubt facilitated the rise 0f chard grass, meadow fescue, tall oat I don’t think I ever saw so much rain land is plowed early or fall-plowed and

the- ground water by capillary attraction. gras and sometimes RUSSian brome grass fall in one-half hour as it did this after- harrowed occasionally until this time of

The garden had been manured with sta- is advised, together with alsike and white noon, June 25, in our particular locality. the year the last of June or first of Jul}r

ble manure, year after year, fOr 50 years clover, and in some instances medium This rain was accompanied by a terrific and then there comes a good shower like

and plowed deeply, until it was as rich red clover and alfalfa. are included in wind. Had our wheat been as heavy as we have recently had, it would be a.

as a guano island to the depth of 13 moderate amounts some years it certainly would have lod-g- splendid time to sow alfalfa. It would

inches or more. These were the reasons Alfalfa pasture, however, cannot be ex- ed it fearfully. The straw is short and germinate at oncce and this warm weath-

—a rich, deep soil, containing a large Dected to endure well unless pastured stands up nicely. Practically no kind of or would bring it along rapidly. On the

proportion of hlnnlfi lightly and the residue 01” for hay, the“ a storm would cause it to lodge. Oats other hand, many seasons we have no

Of course, seeding down 01d gardens to StOCk kept 0‘” 0f the field for a “me of course, and corn are not high enough such rains as this and the seeding would

raise big crops of hay would not be wise until it makes some growth. Close pas- to be affected at all. Oats are heading have to be deferred until August. Then

so long as they Produced good vegeta- turing WOUld be very detrimental to the out, many of them not over a foot high. again I. have seen seasons when it was

bles, and were not polluted with cabbage stand. It makes the very best of hog The rain has come’ too late. I wish I a very poor time- to seed in August. The

club-foot. potato scab. and the numer- pasture, howevor, if handled in the man— knew just how much water fell in this land would be so dry that the seed would

ous blights that plague the garden, and 1181‘ indicated. terrific shower. Of'course, lots of it was not germinate. Before 'we would get

the gardener. One trouble. however, with permanent lost, it ran away on the surface of the sufficient rain to insure proper germina-

However, the same condition that made pastures of all kinds is that they are ground in great rlvulets, but we needed tion it would be so late in the fall that

this old garden Slmt so pl‘oduCthe in a. grazed t00 ‘ClOSelY. especially early in the the moisture and it did an immense it would be risky to sow it, and so it

dry Season can be secured for whole Summer and late in the fall, and H sat- amount of good even though it did some goes. One cannot give. an exact time for

meadows by the en iloyment of the same leaCtOI'Y yields 01 grass are expected harm with it. While we had a good rain anything of that sort. It depends upon

means. The cond one are a soil made from them this practice must be aban— only last Friday afternoon the ground the conditions. Get the land ready and

rich and deep with rotted manure. Of doned. Midsummer is a good time 01 'was again dry. The creek in the pas- seed it when conditions are right.

course, it would (“OSt considerable. but the year for Seeding permanent pastures, two had stopped running, and only on As I have stated before. I seeded 15

no good thing can be obtained without DFOVldlng a 800d seed bed is prepared, cultivated fields that had been cultivated acres early this spring, the last of April

the expenditure of money. or labor, by although they may be sown early in the since the rain could you notice that we and the first of May. It has been ex-

somebody: and it will be worth more by spring with equally good success. had had a recent rain at all. This heavy tremely dry and a very severe test, but

the increased crops of hay than the im- Propagating Huckleberrlea. shower, however, will wet down and do I am going to have some alfalfa just the

pl‘oven‘lent cost, Very little has been done with the ar- an immense amount of good, especially same. It will be remembered that part

It may be said: “Manure is all right, tificial propagating of huckleberries. to new seeding and the second crop of of this I seeded with winter rye as a.

for grass and grain, but we never have Plants are grown from the seed in green- alfalfa and clover. The new seeding nurse CTOD, part 01' it 1 Wild no nurse

enough of it and we keep all the stock houseSl, but a great deal of care is re- needed the moisture as much as any- crop, and part of it with oats. Now at

our farms will carry.” Try keeping more cluired to make this a success. They are thing and, of course, the second crop of the present writing I am pleased with

stock, and the additional manure will also propagated from their underground clover also needed it. It may be that we winter rye as a nurse crop. The rye

supply the gram and grain to feed them. stems which are found in many varie— have had sufficient rain now so that by dOesn’t grow up like the oats and shade

Meadows must be manured to raise hay ties, these being taken up in the autumn cutting the mower as soon as possible it the land and yet it seems to have dwarf-

profitably. It requires just as much la- and cut in, lengths of two or three inches will get a good start for the second crop, ed' all the weeds. The alfalfa is up high-

bor to mow and rake a light yield as a and planted in boxes of sandy peat or and I am sure that it will help the er now, much of it, than the winter We.

heavy one. Some farmers may say: loam, and also by layering. Perhaps the alfalfa. While in the oats the cats are taller than

“Robbing Peter to pay Paul. Put ma- best method, however, for farm practice, This severe wind raised havoc with the the alfalfa and have shaded it some.

nure on your meadows and have an would be to secure young plants devel- alfalfa which was all in cock and cov- Where we used the alfalfa alone the

empty corn crib. Corn is worth more oped under natural conditions and thick- ered with hay caps. Hay caps are cer- weeds are coming in so that it will cer-

than hay any time.” Maybe not. Take en the stand in the swamp by a supple- tainly no good in such a storm as this. tainly have to be clipped. It .looks now

the following states: Maine, New Hamp- mentary planting of these. The wind not only blew the caps off but as if winter rye was the best kind of a

shire, ”Vermont, Massachusetts. Rhode Is- Bromus lnermis as a Pasture Grass. it blew the cocks down and the alfalfa nurse crop to use when 3’01] 80W alfalfa

land, Connecticut. New York, New Jer- I have a field that is part clay the bal- is scattered all over the field. I had my in the spring. Of course, when it is sown

sey, and Pennsylvania. For ten years ance being sandy and some 0f it rather heart set on making some very choice late in the summer 01' in August it needs

. light. Could one seed it to Bromus mer-

from 1901 to 1910, the average production mis so as to make it a permanent pas- alfalfa hay, but this is a storm that no nurse crop, lt can get along WithOUt

of hay per acre was 1.26 tons. and the ture, or would sweet clover do better? teaches a man his insignificance when he it because the field has been cleaned 01'





average farm value per acre was $16.53. iVVOUlfil it be all rlght to cultivate the seed attempts to battle with nature. We have weeds and this is a time of the year

The average value 0f corn per acre in £1,139 en we cultivate the beans the last simply got to collect the scattered at- when few weeds grow anyway, and that

those states, for the same number of ' '





Mecosta Co. a, H. a. falfaand put it in cocks again and put is the principal reason WhY. taking 87-“

Years, was $21.98—only. $5.45 more than Bromus Inermis is a comparatively new on the hay caps and wait until it is dry, erything into consideration, his good to

an acre of hay. The corn ground had to grass in this country and has not been and take the quality of hay that We can sow it in latesummer. »

. be. plowed. harrowed, planted. cultivated grown here sufliciently long or generally get. I same we could be thankful that COLON c. LILLm.





‘ \
JULY 5, 1913.





-‘OPPORTUNIT|E8 IN NORTHERN

MICHIGAN.





 





Will some of your subSCribers in north-

eastern Michigan tell us. through your

columns, of the chance for a man with

not much money but plenty of grit, to

make a home in that part of the state?

If a man has just about money enough

to buy a farm of cut-over land, besides

his stock and tools, what chance has he

to pay for his buildings, fences and liv-

ing while clearing and subduing his land?

What will it cost to clear the average

cut-over land if hired by the acre and

how much can a good man clear a day?

I am tired of renting high-priced land in

southern Michigan and am favorably im—

pressed with Ogemaw, Gladwln and Are-

nac counties and think the actual expe-

riences of settlers in that part of our

state would be very interesting reading.



Hillsdale Co. A RENTER.



A man with such an equipment should

not fear to come north and make a home

of his own. Many of us about here have

started with less and won out.



You can buy this cut-over land on time,

put up some cheap buildings, clear your

land. raise your crops and be your own

boss. Then again, if the settler prefers

he can buy a farm partly improved, or

rent an improved farm at moderate cost.

Both wild and improved property can be

bought at a reasonable price. The cost

of clearing varies greatly, perhaps from

$5 to $15 per acre would be about an

average.



This part of the country is developing

steadily. All kinds of grain, potatoes and

hay, beans, etc., do well here. Alfalfa,

silos and dairying are rapidly-coming to





the front. Butter factories and cheese

factories are locating in nearly all the

towns. The country is well watered





with spring creeks, and trout and other

fish are abundant. Deer and bear are

sometimes seen, though they are becom-

ing scarce. We welcome settlers with

"grit.”





Ogemaw Co. A. L. DUNLAP.





 





There has been considerable inquir-





r'les about land in the portion of Michigan





comprising what is known as the tenth

congressional district and covered by the

Northeastern Development Bureau. A

portion of this land lies along Saginaw

Bay and going northward to the Straits

of Mackinaw the timber on most of these

lands has been removed years ago and

they were left by the lumbermen as not

suited for any purpose in which they

were interested.



An inquiry for homes from people liv-

ing in states where land has reached such

a price they could not purchase it with

their limited means, has developed the

fact that much of this abandoned land

is suitable for fruit growing and agricul-

tural purposes and a portion of it has

been. purchased and settled upon and the

owners are on the road to success. Of

course, there is an expense of cutting

brush and taking out the stumps but by

the improved methods in removing these

Obstructions to farming the costs have

been reduced to a minimum by use of ex-

plosives, Stump machines and fire, thus

rendering it quite easy to get a. home

and a productive farm.



Some of these lands were purchased by

men who intended working in the lumber

woods, and used as homes for their fam—

ilies and themselves when not so em—

ployed. Such men have not made a

marked success except in a few instances

and have drifted away to other places

where lumbering was still carried on,

while others are coming in and making

good. Much of this land was returned

for taxes and has been sold by the state

f0r about the expense incurred. The val-

use of land has appreciated to such an

extent that it will bring from $10 to $20

per acre in the market.



In some cases there is enough timber,

such as hemlock and hard woods, left for

fuel and building purposes, but in many

cases it will have to be purchased for

such uses.



One serious drawback in some portions

is large tracts have been purchased by

companies and are being used as stock

ranches, to the detriment of communities

in which they are located as it retards

settling and clearing up such lands, and

keeps settlers out.



Some lands contiguous to the bay shore

in Arenac county were formerly covered

with water, which has receded and left

the same dry. On these lands sugar

beetS, onions, and other crops grow lux-

uriantly and they have become valuable.



Some of the plains lands have been ex-

ploited by speculators and been sold for

prices far exceeding their value. Of

course, where such land will take clover

and grew seed at the present prices good

returns are received.



‘The writer came into Arenac c0unty





THE MICHIGAN ‘FARMER





nearly 30 years ago when lumbering was

yet carried on. Not much interest was

taken socially, mail facilities were lim-

ited, and, of course, no telephones. Then

there was only one primitive stone mill,

now there are two up-to-date roller mills

and six elevators in the county and seven

banks, all of which do a prosperous busi-

ness, and I think there is a good prospect

for anybody who will make the best of

his opportunities should he decide to Set-

tle in this county.





Arenac Co. BETE‘B, GILBERT.





w





Gladwin county is nearly centrally lo-

cated in the state, not so far north but

what the earlier dent varieties of corn

mature splendid crops on our new lands.

\Vheat, rye, oatS, barley, all do well here

after the ground has been cleared and





subdued, and no better clovcr can be

produced even on the older lands t‘ 1“ on

our virgin soil where we sow tiu- ed





from April any time up to September and

invariably secure a good catch. Alfalfa,

Where tried, grows remarkably well but

as it is still a new county, more of this

will follow later. Our soil, unlike so

many imagine, is not pine sand. While

there are waste sand stretches in this

county the bulk of its lands are clay,

clay loam and soils varying with a mix-

ture of black sand, gravel and clay. We

have no extensive marshes nor hilly

stretches of‘country, the land lies gently

undulating. so drainage is easy. Blue

clay subsoil from three or four inches

to 16 inches below the surface soil is

characteristic oflthese lands. Sugar beets

do extremely well here, the writer's test-

ing on an average of .1734 per Cent last

season, and chickory does equally as well.



What are these lands worth? They are

held at from $10 to $40 per acre unim-

proved, i. e., in the wild, cut-over state;

they range from $50 to $125 per acre im-

proved, up-to-date, fenced, buildings, etc.

Prices depend upon nearness to good

markets, whether upon good worked roads

or not, nearness to schools, etc. Forty

dollar land within two or three miles of

a good market, schools, R, F. D., etc., is

cheaper by all odds than equally as good

soil eight to ten miles further removed,

on poor roads, etc., at $10 per acre. A

man with but little capital can find no

better bargain for his money than in

farm lands in this section of the state.



Perhaps what one does all others would

not, possibly could not do, but 40 acres

for one man to chop, pick up and clean

up in one season, without any hired help,

was my stint last season and I came out

victor. This was work, real old-fashion-

ed labor. No man has any business upon

any farm who could not clean up 20 to

30 acres of most of theSe lands in one

season, one may figure out the acres per

day or week to suit. But the clearing

and cleaning of these lands varies so in

denseness of underbrush, trees, etc., that

to say how much one could clean in a

day or week would be well nigh impos-

sible. On most of these lands are green

and dead trees, most of them dead, such

as black ash, swamp-oak, elm, etc., which

are still sound and ordinarily enough to

be found upon an 80-acre tract to build

a fair sized barn, house and outbuildings

for the place.



A man able to work, even having cap-

ital, Would eventually make and accom-

plish more, I believe, by doing the brunt

of the clearing himself than to depend

too much on the hired help that is to be

had. There are here, as well as else-

where, men who for various reasons, rent

improved farms and fields every season.

These are in easy distance usually of

most of these unimproved lands so that

the newcomer finds himself not in a wil—

derness after all.



Fruits of all kinds do well here, and na-

ture has made acres of huckleberries

(high land), raspberries, blackberries, etc.,-

rivaling in size and lusciousness the tame

Varieties. These lands have no equal in

producing peas and potatoes, the latter

invariably smooth as eggs and of extra

quality. Any person with grit will make

himself or herself known anywhere

they’re staked, sooner or later, but grit,

with ambition to employ it can not fail

to succeed here when intelligently di-

rected.





Gladwin Co. G. A. RANDALL.





 





WANTED.





 





At once, a. few men who are hustlers,

for Soliciting. No experience necessary.

Good salary guaranteed and expenses

paid. The work is dignified, healthful and

instructive. In writing give references

and also state whether you have a horse

and buggy of your own. Address Box J.

F., care Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 

 





Good Land! 4, 4.2». ‘

Good Wheat \ §i\





Good Fertilizers \\





A.A.C- FERTILIZERS produce good yields

of good wheat because they contain the _i

wheat-making materials as well as the soil-quickening

elements that cause the bacteria in the soil to become

active in producing valuable plant food for the crop.





COME

FROM





 

 





It is a wonderful thing to observe the bountiful

results that follow even a small application of our

soluble, quick-acting fertilizers. Try them this year

at least on a portion of your own acreage, and we will

abide by the results. They are crop-producers and

soil-builders.





Farmers in this country are using on the average

about seven million tons of fertilizer every year

Are you using your share?





 





 





Write for further information and

tell your friends we want agents where

we have none. Let us hear from you.





 





The American Agricultural Chemical Co.

Dept. D Detroit Sales Department, Detroit, Mich.





\





MOUNT GILEMD

CIDER PRESSES ’





Net the biggest profit because they get

the most cider out of apples with the

least cost of operatic. 36 years of

success back of our guarantee to you.

We make a press for every pur-





—.——-





 





 

 

 

 

 





will net more money

for you than any other

investment y o u c a n

make. 10 bbi. to 400 bbi.

per day. Also makers

of apple buttercookers.

evaporators, etc.





A. B. FARQUHAR C0.. Ltd.. Box 108. York, Pa.





BEE SUPPLIES and BERRY BASKETS





Bee-Hives. Sections. Founda- Berry Baskets and 16 qt. "her

hot). Smokers. etc. _Beeewnx board Crates. the best yet. Also

wanted. Send for fully illustrnt- two, three, and four quart ban-

ed catalog. kets. Send for basket catalog.





M. H. HUNT I: SON. 400 Gondlt Sh, LANSING. MICH-





poso. Also cider evaporate”,

apple-butter cookers, vinegar

generators, spraying outfits, etc.





THE HYDRAULIC PRESS MFG. CO.

181 Lincoln Ave. Ht. Gilead, Ohio.





 





 





   





 





A

Can make 100 miles an hour





 





Yet safe in hands ofIOgcar bog





The Excelsior, the fastest and most powerful of motor-

cycles, is far the eaJiut controlled. Your hands never leave the handle

bars. The clutch is controlled by the left-hand grip, the throttle by the right.

The most powerful motorcycle engine ever made—obeys your slightest touch.

Every Excelsior victory is made with a motor of this regular neck design. You

need never take the dust of any machine, on two wheels or four, riding on an





 





Best at Portland, Ore.

Races, Juno 9, 1913





heelsior won llx III-ot- and

one Iceond out of seven

events. An Excelsior four-

Ilompower Ilnglo, which

Ind run 68,000 Inllon In

doll service. nude Ive



In on In live minute. In



Ancient time in its duo.





Excelsior





—the only motorcycle with complete

handle bar control





The Excelswr lasts for years. The machines of pioneer

days still give good service. Its remarkable strength and endurance is proved

in its racing triumphs. Exclusive Excelsior features such as the shock-absorb-

inz Knmfon Kushion scat-post and spring fork make it easiest riding. Write for llluotrated Catalog

and Dealer’s Nome. beam all the facts about the Excelsior—how it is fastcsu,asicet riding. safe-t.





moo! durable and low- 0

cat in upkeep. 13%" _ Excelflor Motor Mf

Write today 6%, g.





 





 





 





 





Single, 4-5 h. 1). rice zoo

ruin, 1-10 h. 3.: 3.... 250
ll





1 .. ‘ "ix I

'11 1‘ j ,

n" """llIIIm. -

11' oOnlyFeod W...

That's: Guaranteed





The Reedy Ratio-Her Dairy Cows





Go to your dealer (If he can’t ”suppkézGonp write

us} and gets- msn socks on you wont AID. ,

Feed two leeks ) lbs.) “I tehru



the second week. 1 LA.RRO-I'EED doesu n





pie-s eyou. return the unused sucks and yo urentire ur-

eh-e prleewillberefundodJlled bytlioueendlol this!“

“W“ m: unnow: MILLING co.

8% Clue-pl. Building





 

 





 





Saves Labor





Doors swing on hinges.





Easy to open and close.

Keeps silage winter and

summer. Send today for

catalog. We also sell the

light running Silberzalm

Silage Cutters. Address





Wood Bros. Sllo Ila. C0.

_ General Office, Box 15

llncoln. Neb.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Horse Owners





Look to your interests and use

the safest speediest and most

positive cure for ailments of

your horses, for which an ex-

ternal remedy can be used viz .





GOMBAULI’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM





Prepared exclusively

vyJ E. Gomllault, ex-

eterinarv Suigeon to

ghedFi-ench Government.

11





 





SUPERSEDES All. CAUIERY 0R FIRING.





Impossible to produce any scar or blemish.

The safest best Blister ever used. Takes the

Race of all liniments for mild or severe action.



036113va all Bunches or Blemishes from Horses



e



Every bottle of Caustlc Balsam sold is

Wan-tinted to giveb syatisfection. Price $1. 50

per bottle. Soldb mggists or sent by ex-

press, chitd s paid, ywith ll directions for its



or descriptive circulars, testimo-

nials, etc. dAddress





THE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY, Cleveland, Ohio





 





 





 





 





 





KEN DALL’S The old reliable remedy to;-

curb, splint, bony growths

SPAVIN





- ring bone,

Bpavin or

other lame-





results $1ebottle.6for$5-

.” dru es. Ask for Free





Book,

Dr. B. J. Kendall Cb. , limb“. Fella, Vt.





, MINERAL

hissnnavr:

Q, parsnemran





 





 





 

 

 





83 Package OUHES any case or money refunded

81 Package OURES ordinary cases Mineral Heave

Remedy Co. 463 N. Fourth Ave" Pittsburgh.Pa.





. ,Death to Heaven

“ . “Guaranteed or Haney Book.”

J A ‘ Conghs,Disten1per,‘lu$gmlon.

, 1 parents.

\ r/NEWTDI SLargetorHeavu.

« At. druggists' orsent. p tpaid.

mums-v 3... .IIII





FOR SALE m Belgian Stallion





Bound and right in every way. Also a B-yoar-old

JACK. Orvill trade for other live stock and real

estate. Adds-W. G Btmnelwright. Frankfort. Ind.





8K your dealer! or Burton's Patent no; Yo

' Alree told sow from tti under no

fences. ”Write tELMER BUBTO ,A on. Elohim.





 

 





 





Best. Conditioner





1'1 )4, f





 

 

 





 





THE MICHIGAN





FKRMEK





Sheep Feeding and Agriculture





 





HE sheep feeding industry in this



section began on a small scale 40



years ago. By the term sheep

feeding. as usedin this article, is meant

the feeding of lambs shipped from the

west, to be reshipped later to eastern

markets. From small beginnings the bus-

lness has developed till it has become

one of the principal industries of the

county, and has spread into some of

the adjoining counties where it is carried

on extensively. The center of the in-

duStry may be said to be around Jones-

vllle. It was here that the first start

was made. and it is here that the busi-

ness has been most largely practiced and

has reached its culmination. From this

station alone, upwards of 40,000 lambs

have been shipped in a single season.

The influence of the industry has been

many-sided and important, and has play—

ed a leading part in the development

and prosperity of this section, during the

last quarter of a century.



In considering the changes produced

on the farms of this locality, by the in-

troduction of sheep feeding, perhaps

one of the most marked is in the kind

of crops grown. With the coming of the

lambs from the west. corn «assumed a

greater prominence and was grown more

and more extensively each year, while

wheat took a second place. More. hay

and oats have been grown, since sheep

feeding became extensive, although the

change in the case of these products is

not so marked as in the case of corn.

For many years the corn crop has been

considered the most important and val-

uable, and it is seldom that a bushel of

corn is fed beyond the limits of the

farm on which it was grown. In spite

of the large amount of corn raised. many

car loads of western corn are purchased

by local fecdcrs, the home-grown crop

being insufficient to meet the demand.



In taking account of the changes

wrought by shccp feeding, the effect

upon the land itself is even more mark-

ed than the change in the kind of crops

grown. Sheep manure is one of the

best of fex‘tilichS, and the forms in this

locality on which thousands of lambs

have been fed in recent years, are the

most fertile and productive to be found

anywhere in this section. The farmer

who feeds his hay and grain on his own

farm has at hand the material with

which to enrich his land for future

cropS. The sheep feeder not only does

this, but often feeds many hundreds of

bushels of grain and many tons of hay

that he has not grown, the waste from

this extra produce also going to enrich

the land. As a resmlt of this process,

the farms -in communities where sheep

feeding is carried- on are unusually fer-

tile and produce banner crops.



But the influence of sheep feeding does

not stop with the effect upon the land

and the kind and excellence of the crop

grown. Another factor but little less in

importance, is the erection of fine large

barns. The man who feeds anywhere

from 200 to 2,000 sheep must have barns

adequate for the purpose, and as a. re-

sult farms in a sheep feeding district

are equipped with a group of fine large

barns such as are seldom seen else-

where. In addition to room for the

lambs, there is room for the hay and

often for straw and cornstnlks. One ben-

efit derived from the erection of so many

barns. is the saving over the old method

of stacking the bay. The barns grew out

of the necessity of the case, but they add

much to the prosperous appearance of

the farm and are of practical value not

only in the sheep feeding season, but all

the year round. Not the least important

of the benefits of sheep feeding as car-

ried on in this section, is the spirit of

enterprise which it fosters. The busi-

ness has received a black eye once or

twice, and feeders have lost heavily, but

on the Whole, good profits have been

realized. Mortgages have been lifted.

barns built, bank accounts made, and

new farms purchased—all the direct re-

sult of the sheep feeding industry. There

are farmers in this locality who have

fed sheep each successive season, for a

quarter of a century, and who w0uld

rather abandon any other feature of

farm work. At times, the available cap-

ital of the locality is pretty well invested

in western lambs. Some of the larger

feeders often feed lambs which at mar-

keting time, represent from twelve to

fifteen or eighteen thousand dollars. These

are the men who feed lambs year after

year, never missing, no matter what the

prospects may be. Many of the smaller

feeders may Skip a. year, because of high





prices of lamps or scarcity of hay 'or

grain. 'But the “large feeder is in the

game always, 'and‘ nearly always Wins.

Experience and good management are

requisites to success in the sheep feed-

lng business as in everything else.

Hillsdale Co. J. A. KAISER.





HORSE BREEDING FOR THE

FARMER.





 





 





The high price of horses which has

prevailed for the post 12 years has been

a puzzling feature to all of us. With the

many mechanical devices of travel, and

even_farm power for tilling the soil. one

would naturally think that the price of

horses would be on the downward move-

ment instead of going higher each year.

Of course, one of the principal reasons

for this is, land is getting so very high

in price that farmers think they can not

afford much pasture land on their farms

for pasturing brood mares, or any stock,

in fact. Then the larger ranches, where

thousands and thousands of horses were

bred and raised. have been broken up

into smaller farms for crop growing pur—

poses. In view of this it is the scarcity

of horses that undoubtedly figures in the

present high mice



In 1898 my father and I had a. sale In

Illinois. “’63 sold 25 head of good young

horses, Normans and Clydesdales, rang-

ing from two to seven years old. This

fine bunch averaged us around $50 per

heild, While at the present time it would

have brought $125 to $250 per head. Think

of what a difference In price. From that

year until now the price- of horses has

steadily advanced, yet we see more auto-

mobiles and motor trucks in large cities

than horses.



There is money in raising good draft

horses at the present prices, but the rea-

son moist formers do not cater to the

business is that it requires too long for

them to mature. In other words, a farmer

in moderate circumstances can not wait

so long for returns from his investment.

Therefore never again will we see “cheap

horse flesh.”



A farmer can produce thousands of

dollars worth of hogs or sheep in a year

or two. But when it comes to the horse

business and he hos to patiently wait

four or five years/Waking many chances

of even then having a marketable horse,

it is rather slow and discouraging. Yet

if a farmer can afford to go into the

horse business and follow the lines of

good heavy draft stock he can make as

much or more money and easier than

any other line of farming today. We

think that we are getting an extremely

high market price for cuttle and pork at

the present prices of $7.50 to $9 per c‘wt.

But when you come to figure up that a

good sound five or SlX-yO:ll‘-()Id horse,

that weighs 1.500 lbs, brings $250 to $275,

or around 20 cents per pound, it looks

pretty profitable. AS a matter of fact,

we can produce a, colt nearly as cheaply

as a steer, and in fact cheaper when we

come to figure the amount of “cash com"

the steer consumes before he will bring

the highest market price. One of the

greatest drawbacks to the horse business

is that there are too many light weight

horses bred. A light horse of 1,000 to

1,200 pounds is pretty handy, it is true,

but when you come to load them down

011 theroad or in the fields at work they

can’t stand up. _This is what accounts

for so many inferior, blemished, plug

horses—they have been worked beyond

their capacity. A small “engine” can not

do the 'work of a large one—yet the large

one can always fill the place of the light-

er kind. Like all other stock, there is

altogether too many inferior bred horses

in the country today. A well—bred draft

horse- which weighs 1,400 to 1,600 pounds,

sound and active, is the very best asset

that any farmer has or can invest in.



“'ashtenaw Co. B. F. WASHBURNE.

THE SILO AS AN ECONOMIC FACTOR



IN FARM EQUIPMENT.





There- is produced every year in this

country sufficient forage to feed liberally

all the live stock of the land, and leave

a good balance. The shortage each year

is due to the spoiling and V . mg of

forage already growans of

preserving this forage will solve the stock

problems of the country. The principal

waste is in the corn plant. It is most

noticeable in the corn belt states. where

over 80 per cent of the stalk and leaves

of this most valuable forage are wasted.

As. economic stock production is deter—

mined by- the proper see of forage, the





JULY 5 1913..





silo furnishes a. means whereby all farm

forage can be preserved in the best pos-

sible coudttlon for feeding. The silo is

too well known to. requirerdescriptlon, but

it‘s uSe is certainly sadly wanting. It





Can be safely said, on any farm where»

,ten head or more of cattle are/kept, a,

sllo' is a necessary equipment, and of,





great economic value.



Experiments have shown that the silo

will save 10 cents on the cost of produc-

Ing a pound of butter and $2.60 on the

cost of producing 100 pounds of. beef.

\\ ith this advantage the silo becomes the

stock farmer’s gold mine.





THE CATTLE SHORTAGE.





 





On a. recent trip I was astonished

to note all along the railroads pasture

after pasture where it didn’t look as if

there had been any stock in It this sum-

mer. There is an actual scarcity of cat-

tle. The high price of feed a year or two

ago and the high price of cattle has in-

duced farmers to sell off everything that

they possible could, and now they haVen’t

cattle enough to eat the grass that grows

in their pastures. The future will cer-

tainly demonstrate to these farmers that

they have made a. sad mistake. They

were afraid that the high prices of cattle

would not continue and that the high

prices of feed might. One thing that pro—

duces the high price of feed is to have

plenty of cattle to eat it up, but if you

sell off the cattle and increase the amount

of food grown, what will be the reSult?

Cattle will be higher and feed will be

lower. A farmer ought not to be influ-

enced by high prices of live stock or high

prices, in fact, of anything that be pro-

duces upon his farm to such an extent

that he goes to extremes and sells every-

thing in sight, because the future will

teach him without any question that if

he does this he will lose in the long run.

We should mark out a plain straight

course for us to follow. Have a plan to

follow. If we plan to keep so many dairy

cows, keep them year after year and

year after year. If we plan to have such





a sizcd flock of sheep, keep it uniformly,’





and so on. If we plan to produce about

so many acres of wheat, have a. System

to follow, and taking ten-year averages

we will not make a mistake. The man

who plunges and goes to extremes one

way or another may make a slight tem-

porary gain, but in the long run he is

bound to lose.

COLON C. LILLIE.





 





FEEDING DRAFT COLTS THE SECOND

WINTER.





Please give your best authority for

feeding draft colts the second winter.

How much grain and what kind is the

best with clover hay and oat straw for

roughage?



\Va'yne Co. E. S. C.





The draft colt should have more rough-

age. in proportion to the amount of grain

fed the second winter than the first.

Measured in cuts the cult coming two

should have from four to six pounds of

grain daily.



With clover hay and cat straw, as

roughage I would advise fecding a. grain

mixture mode of oats three parts, corn

one port. and bran one part. At the

present prices of oil meal I would not ad-

vise using it With bran and clover hay.

Unfortunately there is no definite stan-

dard for colts of this age. and because of

their systems are so different, individual

study and good judgment are of as great

importance as the feeds used.



Mich. Agl. College. R. S. ,HUDSON.

YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY

of getting one of the beautiful six-page

Michigan Farmer “72111 Charts for only

30c, postpaid, if you send your order at



once.



It is the finest collection of charts ever

put together. Contains a map of Michi-

gan, showing congressional districts, coun-

ties, railways, etc, the latest 1910 census

of all Michigan towns, 25 colored plates,

showing the anatomy of the horse, cow,

sheep, hog and fowls, and giving the

name and location of each organ, muscle

and bone. A treatise on each animal by

the best authorities, treatment of com-

mon diseases of farm animals, map of

the world showing steamship lines, map





of the United States, flags of all nations,

rulers of the world. Panama canal, all

our presidents and several other features

too numerous to mention.



These charts have been sold mostly for

$1. 00 or $1. 50. They Will decorate and

instruct in any home or office. We offer

them at this price to quickly get rid of

them and after our present stock is ex~

hausted no more can be had.

the. price is only 30c, while they last.

Send your order to the Michigan Farmer,





' Detroit. Mich —Adg





 





Remember _
Z:





-.......,..... - ._ . ,THE MICHIGAN F'ARMER





7f





 





gilllllillllIllllllllllliilllIllIIlllillllllllilllillIlllllllilllllllIllllillllIlliilllillllillllllllllllllllllllllllllll





g ‘i Dairy.





aIIlllllllllIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllilll

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.

_____________._______.———-—————————





E

E

5—5:

E





"E





VITRIFIED TILE SILO.





5 induced last summer to build a

Vilriilvgd clay tile silo. It proved to be

not air tight between joints. Ensilage

was warm, more or less. to the last, May

10. Also after every rain storm, partic-

'ularly a beating one, water and mois-

ture may be seen running down the

sides—~in and out—long after the storm

has moved, away, say for eight to 14

days after storms and not another show—

er between times. The silo is 10x30 ft.

Can you suggest a radical remedy? If

so, I would like to have you tell me of





'better silo could possibly be built, than





a vitrified clay tile silo if properly con-

structed. The only possible objection

that can be made is the big first cost.

Cheaper silos may be made to take the

place of vitrified tile silos but they can

be no better. '





 





THE KING SYSTEM OF VENTILATION

—WIDTH OF COW STABLE—SEED-

I'NG ALFALFA lN AUGUST.





 





I would like a little information about

the King ventilating system. I have

seen it explained in The Farmer and

read discussions pro and con, and to my

mind the statements have conflicted.

From some I have understood the air

chutes were outside and from others in-

side the building. I am rebuilding a

barn and am trying to make as near as

circumstances will permit, an up-to—date

dairy barn. I will try to give an idea.





You need . a new





DE LAVAL

Separator NOW





If you are still using some gravity or setting

process of creaming—





Because your waste is greatest and quality of product poorest





 





 





it. During the last winter you spoke of the situation and then would like a

once through the Michigan Farmer, about little information as to the number and

plastering stone silos from the inside. Size of the air intakes needed. The old

As you were not specific 1 am in doubt barn is 32@52 ft. With two 12—ft. divis-

whether you meant or included in your ions in the center and one 13—ft, at each

remarks-a silo made out of vitrified clay end. The plan is to make a barn floor

tile. And if you did, will not, in winter 0f one of the 14-ft. diVlsions and put

time, water get behind the cement plas- the two 12-ft. and the other 14—ft. di-

ter from the outside and through the visions into cow stables and build an

porous joints, and force the inside plas- 18—ft. addition at the other end for horse

tering off? , stable. From what I have read I am



Jackson Co. B. 0, agraid the}??? 1isl a tlliltne narroxfir ,but



. ( S n I i‘

A vitrified tile silo properly put up, and I :Vlrlrlnlrilaveaplengyo org I‘OOem“?0!}‘{ :3: {3‘3





jointed between the ends of the tile with leys in front of the cows and a 10_ft_

cement mortar, ought to be the very alley between. Am putting in no gut-





_ ters simply a 6-in. drop behind each

. S '

best kind Of a silo “fit it would be no row of cows; as you will notice, this





sible to make. I cannot conceive of any- makes two rows of cows 38 ft, long or

One making a silo out of any material room for 11. cows in each row and a

that would endure longer and keep sil- :{nall'1alley tflor conveying ensilage from

age in better condition than vitrified tile. 213:0 Slifoul‘d “$902201;Igwnttlrlerogfiicg

Of course, in putting it up the mason about alfalfa. I have a small piece of

might not properly point the silo between ground I intended to seed to alfalfa but





. . i on account of bad weather the extra

the ends 0f the the and in that way t building work, .etc., I haven't been able





might not be air tight. but this is NO to get it plowed. Now would it he prac—

fault of the silo proper. If there is any tical to plow it, say sOme time this





- .. _ i h, work it well through Jul and

defect of that sort it still can be 191116 mint . . Y



_ . when co 1 tio s 0 .'

died by going over it carefully and pomt— August?ml n are fav rable sow it in





ing up with a good rich cement mortar, Monroe Co. F. S.

filling up all of the cracks. ‘ With the King system of Ventilation



I am inclined to think that even though the pure air intakes should either be

your ensilage did keep warm for a con- built in the wall or else on the outside

siderable length of time it possibly was of the wall, you wouldn't want them on

not due to the fact that your silo is not the inSide of the stable because they

air tight. In all the experience that I would be of the same temperature as the

have had when a silo is not air tight Stable and might allow the warm air in

the silage will rot around where the air the stable to go out. which is what We

comes in if it comes in through the out- want to avoid. “'hcre one is building a

side. If there was an opening through new stable and making a double wall for

the tile so that the air could get in you it you can build a regular chimney right

would find a rotten place in the silage. in the walls of the stable itself and have

But where it keeps warm in the center this open on the inside up next to the

of the silage, I should say it was due ('(‘iling and on the outside down 'next to

more to the failure‘to cut the corn fine the sill or wall of the barn. This makes





in mid-summer, when the milk supply is greatest.

Because time is of greatest value on the farm at this season and

the time and labor saving of the good separator counts for most.





Because the skim-milk is poorest without a separator in hot

weather and often more harmful than helpful to calves and

young stock.



Because the work of an improved De Laval Cream Separator

is as perfect and its product as superior with one kind of weather

as with another.





2nd If you have a very old De Laval or an

= inferior separator of any kind—





Because thelosses of the poor separator from incomplete

skimming and the tainted product of the diflicult to 'clean and

unsanitary separator mean most when the bulk of milk is greatest.





Because of the great economy of time at this season in having

a separator of ample capacity to do the work so much more quickly.





Because an improved De Laval separator is so much simpler

and more easily handled and cared for than any other, and you

cannot afford to Waste time these busy days ”fussing” with a

machine that ought to have been thrown on the junk-pile long ago.





Because the De Laval separator of today is just as superior to

other separators as the best of other separators to graVity setting,

and every feature of De Laval superiority count for most during



' the hot mid-summer months.



These are all facts capable of prompt and

easy demonstration, whether you have a poor

separator or none at all. The new De Laval

catalog, to be had for the asking, helps to

make them plain. Every De Laval local agent



. stands eager to do so with a machine itself.

with no obligation on your part to buy unless

he does—and that to your own satisfaction.



WHY DELAY? Why put off so important

a step as the use of the best cream separator,





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





{’YJ"





enough so that it would pack close to-

gether, thus leaving enough air in to

keep up a slight fermentation, which

would produce heat. It may be also that

your corn was pretty ripe when it was

put in, or pretty dry. But I don’t think





a splendid pure air intake and is not in

the way at all. Where one is remodeling

an old barn or putting the King system

into an old barn and it is not practical

to make this little air passage in the

wall of the stable itself it can easily be





 





 





which you need more RIGHT NOW than at any

other time?





The De Laval Separator Co.





NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO





 





 





a silo that was not air tight would tend done by spiking 2x4’s on the outside of

to keep the silage warm in the center of the barn and then boarding over these

the silo, but it would around the outside 2x4‘s with matched lumber and tar paper

where the air was admitted and the sil- under, then cutting into the stable up

age would actually decay. next to the ceiling and leaving the bot-

Now with regard to the moisture after thm 0f the ChUte Open. This answers

a. storm. Is this not due to the conden— every purpose.

sation of the moisture in the atmosphere, . YOU will find that a 32-foot barn is

just the same as it would be on a glass Just a little bit crowded, although where

tumbler? For instance, if you have a you use stanchions With?“ any gutter

glass tumbler full of cold water or ice yhh can get along.‘ It Will, however, be

water and it stands in a warm room, f1 httle narrow. I dlShke the idea of hav-

the warm atmosphere coming in contact ing a SIX-IhCh drop behind the two rows

with the cold glass condenses the mois- hf COWS Wlth the Whole center of this





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   





AMERICAN





SEPARATOR





THIS OFFER IS NO CATCH.

It is a solid proposition to send.

on trial. tully guaranteed. a new.





   

 





mean bigger profits. The cost of modern

equipment is ver small, compared with

resulting gains. on can do more work

in less time and your cows will give more





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





. «' ' . 811 d 9 i -

ture in the atmosphere and forms in iloor'slx inches below the cows. It will nndbettermilkityouinstsll {2,(3“;1°5.9§.”s'fii}$Efitsfl’fiéi‘d

be difficult to take care of the liquid ma- milk; making heavy or light





drops or runs down the side of the tum-





bler quite perceptibly. It can do the ' .

Same thing with a vitrified tile because gett‘hg around to mllk the cows and care





the vitrified tile is not impervious to the for them. In other words. you can‘t keep

moisture just the same as glass. This thls floor as dry as you COUId With gut-

would not happen on a wooden silo, nor ters.

On a cement silo because it would be In regard to the alfalfa I think it will

absorbed. Besides, there would not be be 311 right to plow the ground now and

such a marked distinction between the work it this summer, form a gOOd seed

warm wall or cold wall of the silo and bed,.and the“ seed ih AUE’USt- Probably

the warm air. I cannot believe that this “t W‘” hOt be quite as 300d as it would

condensation of moisture even though it if the ground was plowed earlier, but with

would condense enough so that it would hh-Vthihg like favorable COHditionS. with

run down the side of thc silo would be now and then a decent SON; Of a rain

any detriment to the eilsilagc or the during the Summer time, and the land

building itself. WWW] after the rain. you can get a

Providing your silo is not au- tight and good seed he'd by August and have Splen-





cream. Designed especially for

small dalries. hotels and private

lamlllco. Different from this pic~

tux-e, which illustrates our large

capacity machines. The bowl is

a unitary marvel. easily cleaned.

Gears thoroughly rotected.

Western orders ill ed trom

Western points. Whether your

dairy is large or small. write

us and obtain our handsome

free catalog. ‘Addreu:





MERICAN





MBmEquipment





Our patented Stalls are easily kept clean.

' require no repairs,make barn chores easier.

- Harris Stanchions never get out. of order.

last a llfotime.make cows more comfortable.





Harris Feed and Litter Carriers





are equipped with many unique devices.

. Built for hard service. If your pride in I

clean. orderly barn, write for our





Large Catalog FREE

Illustrates and describes

our line oi! high-grade barn

necessities a t moderate



. .prices. Gladly sent tree.



Ask for it today.





The Harris Mfg. Co.

' Box 350 Salem. Ohio





nure so that it will not interfere when





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





   

 





Keeps flies and

other insect pests of?

of animals—in burn or

pasture—longer than any im-

Itation. Used and endorsed

since 1885 by leading dIu-y' -

men and tumors.





 





l

r

I





I: 7""C4W/71- ’

a #‘f’l all





 





"L‘K’V -

. m/— ‘ -.





 

 





   





   





Worker , I A , 33 3 .





it cannot be made air tight by pointing did conditions for growing alfalfa, I in— Butter $1W03TIISAVES$20~001

. . ' _ '.: _, . 1 ».‘



it between the tiles it certainly can be tend ”to ‘3‘; something along this line FAliuiififii-yfgd cowins.inéiemson.hosi-ngrewllt‘oxilcnfinzidmc:



‘Dlastered on the finside with cement my” ' ere have a clover meadow Creamery. :fitm‘mfighfigtmfl 5““! fore-1k- Killslicowd





plaster and made serviceable just as well now I intend, as soon as we get the hay





Cream Separators it .

. , . yo «I 1 cont 1 . ’

as yOu could a brick silo or a stone silo, CUt' to plow a portion 01’ this field. a SEND $1 m u u "pm,“ Well





and Engines. .9 send enough Shoo-Fly to protect

Write for free Meowsnlso our 3-tube gravity sprayer without





 





 





or a lath silo. There would be no trou- silde him and dwgrlk this pretty carefully pamphletto gm eta-“53¢. gong hack it no: uni-notary. Name

‘ 1916 in gettin 00d rich cement .mortar to a Summer an en W on conditions are -—- - - . KB. DISBROW. Slpm' “1 °° “FREE“ 59m“ ”m‘”°-“°“"-

g g . right in August seed it to alfalfa » ‘ ~ Dev" 32M,“ F" m” Co., Deh'u’ 13.1hOINstiliih 3'" lhh.‘



stick to theSe tile, not at all. You can ~ - . Owstonln, . . “Whommm ”pun“. ‘ tin-6.x.





 





 





put On a thin coat of mortar and it will

stick to the tile so that it will be im- Limited nlili.mbe.rs (5)1: high-class milch

cows are se ing in icago for $100@125

possible to get it Of;- 1_3Ut the smooth per head. It is difficult to find such cows

vitrified surface of t e tile ought to be and buying orders are accumulating.

smoother and therefore it ought t0 be Recent reports from the northwestern

f ‘ better for a silo. From your letter 1 am range country represent grass as luxu-

‘. inclined to think that yau are misjudg- riant. and 3. Wyoming firm has brought





 





old/1m 0 o 51/05

Easily made. easily erected. Molded from ,

cement With an Inexpensive mold right on '

youriarm by any farm hand. Makes a silo "

like rock. lrost and fire proof. positively air- ‘





tight. We also sell guaranteed tile silos

ready to put together. Either silo big manila: '-_





   

   

   

   

   

 





, _ PUMP GRIND SA fl}: 6::

' ’ Wood Mills are Best. Engines are Simple



‘ Food Grinders. Saw .

Promos. Steel Tub “





CATALOGUE! Fill

sens-s warm





 





 





 





in 10,000 cattle from the Mexican re- 225, .w

. ‘ ing your silo. It is possibly all right. public. In parts of Wyoming cattle e ,1. Elsi-0913mm saver ntsaagozkletnagosfifialoficr. _________ .

, As I said at first, I do not see how 8. replacing sheep. a1 ‘ I . “Kiwanis! but.» new.“ ,. ----,~---



* ' ’i
6—6-





The Michigan Farmer

. Established 1843. ’





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





4 Editors and Proprietors.

ees St. West. Detroit. Michigan.

39 to 45 GongnLupnons MAIN 4626.





w Y BK OFFICE—41 Park Row.

ggrcsdb OFFICE—m0 First Nat‘l. Bank Buildiiig.

CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave.. N. .





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE.............................Pres_ident

M. L. LAWRENCE ....... . ............ “Vice-President

n. H. Houon'ron ...... ....................Sec.-Treas.

I. R. WATERBUBY..............‘............



0 Y UN . . .......





BURT WEBMUTH .............

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL...

E. H. HOUGHTON .................. Business Manager





 





 





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





One year. 52 issues............ . ..

Two years. 104 issues....

Three years 156 issues....

Five years. é60 issues....

All sent postpaid.



Canadian subscriptions 50¢: a year extra for postage.

Always send money by draft. postofilce money order.

registered letter or by express. We will not be re-

sponsible for money sent in letters. Address all oom-

munioations to. and make all drafts checks. and post-

office orders payable to. the Lawrence Publishing Co.





....50 cents

.. .00





 

 





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:





40 cents per line agate measurement, or $5.60 per

inch. each insertion. No adv't inserted for low than



.20 per insertion. ‘



03’ p lottery. quack doctor or swindling advertise-

ments inserted at any price.



Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Mich-

igan, postcflice.





COPYRIGHT 19I3





by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

this imue without our written permission.





DETROIT, JULY 5, 1913.





 





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In the

The Need of Currency the

Reform Legislation.





last issue

serious con-

sideration which

has been given to

the need of currency and banking reform

legislation by students and statesmen

alike, was commented upon and an out-

line of the tentative administration plan

for currency reform legislation by the

present Congress was given. In view of

the fact that there is no great unanimity

of opinion, even among those who have

long studied the question, with regard to

the desirable details of currency reform

legislation, the subject is a particularly

confusing one for the layman who has

had neither the time nor the opportunity

for a special study of the question. For

this reason and because it is desirable

that the Michigan Farmer readers should

have a broad knowledge of this import-

ant question we have determined to_ de-

vote some space to its study and analysis

while the currency reform bill is pending

in Congress.



It should be remembered in comment-

ing upon the matter of the need for cur-

rency and banking reform legislation that

there has been practically no legislation

along this line since the days of the re-

construction following the Civil war. In

the nearly half century which has elap-

sed since that time there has been a

very remarkable business development

and it; has been necessary to transact the

bulk of this greatly increased business

by means of a credit system which has

been developed, of necessity, but in an

individualistic and undirected manner.



Based upon the credit secured by bus-

iness men at the banks, their private

checks have been depended upon for pro-

'viding elasticity to our currency, actual

currency being used only in special tran-

sactions where needed, as ,will be noted

later.



So long as no disturbing factors entered

into business, this plan has proven fairly

successful, but when for any reason the

unusual has occurred or seemed in pros-

pect there has been an immediate cur-

tailment of credit by the banks. The

last striking example of this kind oc-

curred in 1907 when there was a general

hoarding of currency by the banks. Then

it was difficult and sometimes impossible

for even the solvent manufacturer to get

currency to meet his payroll, and his

banker, even though he may have had

large reserve- deposits in Chicago or New

York, could not get funds from those

sources. Credit, no matter how ~ ood.

could not be converted into casl nd

even solvent banks practically susp d

payment.



This sort of condition, which perio l-

ly occurs, is one of the best of reasons

for the passage of currency reform leg-

islation which will lessen the likelihOod



‘of recurrences of such a. condition. Ob-

viously a responsible business man who

has good security to offer should always

be able to get credit A farmer who

needs funds for the purchase of live stock

or feed for them. or who would hold a.

crop already harvested for 'a future mar-

ket. should be able to realize upon his





 





 





credit .for that purpose, but under the

present individualistic banking SYStem, if

system it may be called. this is impos-

sible in time of financial stringency from

whatever caue it may ariSe. At such





times there is an immediate tying up of





reserves .and a curtailment of credit

which hampers business.



The present threatened stringency has

been commented upon and attempts have

been made to analyze it in recent issues.

Quite largely we believe this is due to

the above mentioned cause. Some banks

to our knowledge have reduced credits

by 20 per cent .and have attempted to

advance interest rates to an amount

which would prevent a- loss in income

from this cause. This will give them a.

cash reserve- to guard against any future





25 stringency and also enable them to dis-

00 criminate more closely among customers.





It is everybody for himself, with the

banks in times of financial stringency—a.

sort of mob law of self-preservation in-

stead of a co-ordinated effort to relieve

the situation.



The propositions heretofore made for

the centralization of reserves have- been

feared because of the possibility of bring-

ing the control of credit within the pow-

er of a dictator. What is really needed

is co-operation rather than centralization,

a result which the tentative administra-

tion plan commented upon last week

would seem to promise, although its fur-

ther study may reveal defects which

would counterbalance such an advantage.





Last week rep-

resentatives of

most of the

banks of Shi-

awassee county held a meeting for the

purpose of affecting an organization to

promote the agricultural interests of the

county. This movement is in line with

the recommendations of the State Bank-

ers’ Association and the work under-

taken by the bankers of some other Mich-

igan counties, notably Allegan county,

through whose efforts an agricultural ex-

pert was secured for the county and

various lines of work started for the

betterment of the agriculture of the

county, first among which was a. success-

ful alfalfa campaign. The Ionia bankers

have planned to work along similar lines

to put the county abreast of others in

the state in this edcuational work.



The general interest which is being

taken by the bankers of the state and

country in agricultural promotion work

is a matter for general congratulation,

since it is certain to prove of educational

value to the bankers as Well as the farm-

ers and promote a more healthy and in-

timate relationship between them. 'The

business training and experience of the

bankers will doubtlesg aid them in teach-

ing their farmer patrons how to get bet-

ter returns from their farms. At least

they can do this in a. measure by proxy,

which amounts to the‘same thing. But

the most hopeful feature of this new

movement is that in bringing the bank-

ers and farmers into closer relationship

the former may soon come to realize

the farmers' need of better credit facil-

ities and turn their attention to the solu-

tion of this problem, and that the latter

may learn the importance of meeting all

business obligations with a promptness

which will make them more desirable

credit customers.





Bankers Organize to Pro-

mote Agriculture.





Last week the sec-





A Co-operative Man- 0nd annual con-

agers' Convention. vention of the Na-

- tional Association





of Managers of Farmers’ Co-operative

Companies, was held at Milwaukee, Wis,

with several hundred representatives in

attendance. In addition to the discussion

of their common problems, those who

planned this meeting made it broadly ed-

ucational in character by inviting speak-

ers to address the convention on more

general agricultural topics. Among the

addresses of this character was one by

Prof. John J. Ferguson, formerly of Mich-

igan, on “The Advantages of Live- Stock

on the Average Farm.” In his address

Prof. Ferguson pointed out some of the

reasons why live stock production has

fallen off in this country and enumerated

the many advantages of live- stock as a

factor in our agricultural production. He

also told his hearers that this proposition

should interest farmers' co-operative as-

sociations for the reason that such or-

ganizations have for their first and final

object the improvement of the farmer’s

bank account; that the farmer’s pros-





perity immediately measures the pros-

perity of all other producing classes, and

that co-operatiOn can be. and is being

applied to" the live stock industry with

immediate and highly profitable results.





‘ THE MICHIGAN EAJEMER





 





.This feature .of" theTpr'dgrainv-sr- this





convention is mentioned tc'illustrate the





comparatively new but very general ap-

preciation by all classes of. business men

of the intimate relation between the gen-

eral prosperity of our agriculture and the

prosperity and development of business in

general. All business men, including

bankers as well as merchants and menus

facturers, are more than ever before

awakened to this fact, a fact which

should be a source of satisfaction and en-

couragement to those of us who follow

agriculture as an occupation.





The alfalfa cam-

paign which began

so auspiciously in

Kent county a few

weeks ago has spread to nearly all sec-

tions of the state. Last month such

campaigns were carried on in several

counties, notably in Grand Traverse and

Newaygo counties in western Michigan,

and in St. Clair county on the east side

of the state. Reports from all sections

where these campaigns have- been in pro-

gress show a verygeneral interest in the

proposition by the farmers in the terri-

tory covered. ,



This is most encouraging for the future

of Michigan agriculture which would un—





The M lchlgan Alfalfa

Campalgn.





doubtedly be greatly benefited by the.





general introduction of this great forage

crop. But there is a. danger that many

may try out the crop by midsummer or

fall sowing under unfavorable conditions

which would result ,in failure and thus

tend to offset the value of the educa-

tional work which has been done in the

alfalfa campaign. County Agriculturist

Skinner, of Kent county, who pioneered

this campaign, has recognized that dan-

ger and issued a warning to the farmers

of his county in the form of some perti-

nent “Alfalfa Dont’s.” He reiterates the

basic principles of succeSSful alfalfa cul-

ture. with which every Michigan Farmer

reader should be familiar and advises

starting in a small way, but at once, as

with a fair chance alfalfa always makes

good. This is good advice which might

be acted upon with profit by every farm-

er in the state who has not already es-

tablished this valuable forage crop on his

farm.





An action of possible,





Meats and Food far-reaching import-

lnspection. ance was taken last

week by the Secretaries

of Agriculture, the Treasury and Com-

merce, upon the advice of the U. S.

Attorney General in putting all meats

and meat products under the provisions

of the Food and Drugs Act. This action

was taken by revoking a regulation adop-

ted after the law was passed which ex-

empted meats and meat food products

and their producers from the operation

of the Food and Drugs Act. This change

will not interfere with the powers of the

Department of Agriculture under the

meat inspection law, but will bring meats

under the operation of the pure food law,

so-called, the same as other food pro-

ducts.



A committee has been appointed by the

Secretary of Agriculture to provide an

effective plan for co-operation between

the Bureau of Chemistry and the Bureau

of Animal Industry to exercise control to

the full extent authorized by the law

over “domestic meats and meat food

products.”



W'hile the w0rds abova quoted are used

in the announcement, it would appear

that the same inspection would apply to

imported meat products, in which case

the new regulatiOn may prove beneficial

to American producers of meats if heavy

importations of this cla5s of products

follow the proposed removal of 'an duty

on same. '





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National. .

On June 27 inStruments recorded earth-





quake disturbances that had a duration.





of over 30 hours, somewhere in the

Northern Pacific Ocean.



The collapse of a tramway at Glad-

stone, Mich, resulted in one man being

killed and two others seriously injured.



The city of Corunna is authorizing its

attorney to bring mandamus proceedings

against the Michigan United Traction

Company to compel the latter concern to

live up to the terms of its franchise.



A severe Windstorm destroyed a large

block of timber east of Grayling last Fri-

day. Considerable other property was

damaged by the wind.



Reports from ,many sections of upper

Michigan ., indicate that unless rains

come soon the "districts will be in danger

of extensive forest-fires, which have al-

ready done considerable damage.



The commission appointed by the poo.-





\





ple of Marquette- to prepare and submit ‘





to the voters of that city a revised mu-

nicipal charter have. decided to propose





the commission form of government. All





members of the-commission. favored this

plan of City 'go’Vernmeht'. : -‘ ' g

A report of the State Fire-Marshal's

department shove that there arev385 mo-

tion picture threaters in Michigan. The

same authority states that out of 63' in-g

spectlons only 12 were equipped with

proper apparatus to entitle them-to re-

ceive a state licenSe. . —

. A conference of railway commissioners

from different states is in session at

Chicago to formulate plans for arriving





at the value of railroad property in the .





United States.



'For a number of years past the city of

Ann Arbor has been having its difficul-

ties with the traction company occupying

its streets and doing interurban business

between Detroit and Jackson. In order.

to bring the company to time the city

has now secured an injunctiOn restrain-

ing the company from running cars

through the municipality until certain





conditions have been complied with. The .





company has also secured an injunction

restraining the city from interfering with

traffic. It is expected that some arrange-

ment will be made the present week

whereby the difficulties will be settled.-



A movement is started at Lansing in

the common council for the estabalish-

ment of a municipal fuel yard.



The attorney-general has ruled that

automobiles do not have to display sig-

nal lights when standing near’the curb

unless there is a. city 0r village ordinance

covering the matter.



No disturbance has occurred this past

week in the matter of the strike of the

linemen about Muskegon and Grand

Rapids.



A ferry boat sank while crossing the

river at Leechburg, Pa... last Sunday

night and ten persons were drowned out

of the 75 passengers on the boat at the

time of the accident. The sinking was





,caused by the passengers rushing to one





side of the vessel when nearing the

landing place. ,



The semi-centennial celebration of.the

battle of Gettysburg began June 29, When

both federal and confederate soldiers

pitched camp upon the scene of the bat-

tle of 50 years ago. There are 5,000 tents

on the ground. Every arrangement has

been made for the comfort of the old

soldiers of both the north and the south.



The disclosures made by Col. Mulhall,

who claims to be a former agent of the

National Manufacurers’ ASsociation, has

stirred political circles in Washington, as

well as other parts of the country, since

they cover a decade of time and involve

many prominent men. The disclosures

undoubtedly mean that the senate com-

mittee, which has been probing the sug-

ar and wool lobbies at “'ashington, will

be empowered to investigate the so-call-

ed manufacturers’ lobby which is claim-

ed to exist, in the confession of Colonel





Mulhall.

Several drownings were reported on

June 29. Three persons were lost in the





Detroit river, one at Manistee,

Monroe, and one at Grand Rapids.

President Wilson has' signed the sun-

dry civil appropriation bill, but in doing

so made public a protest againstlhe sec-

tion of the bill which prohibits the ex-

penditure of any part of a $300,000 de-

partment of justice item in the- prosecu-

tion of labor unions and farmers’ organ-

izations in Sherman anti-trust violations.

Foreign.





An important movement toward the

suppression of the opium traffic between

nations is about to be consummated. at

a meeting beginning this week at The

Hague. The session is one continued

over from January, 1912. At that time

the meeting was adjourned to give time

to ascertain whether a sufficient number

of powers would join in ratifying an in-

ternational convention looking toward the

suppression of the opium traffic. Since

then all the European and American na-

tions excepting Turkey and Peru have

joined in the convention. It is believed

that with this representation it will be

possible to practically put an end to the'

general distribution of the drug which

has been a troublesome question in in-

ternational politics for several years past.





STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP,

MANAGEMENT, ETC.,

of The Michigan Farmer, Published‘week-

ly at Detroit, Mich., required by the Act

of August 24, 1912.

Name and Post-office Address.

Editor, I. R. \Vaterbury, Detroit, Mich.;

Managing Editor, M. J. Lawrence, VVash-

ington, D, C.; Business Manager, E. H.

Houghton, Detroit, Mich.; Publisher, Law-

rence Publishing Co., Detroit, Mich.

Owuers, (if a corporation, give names‘

and addresses of stockholders holding one





one at





 





 





per cent or more of total amount of stock):





M. J. Lawrence, “7ashingt0n. D. C.



M. L. Lawrence, Cleveland, Ohio.



P. T, Lawrence, New York City.



Nellie Lawrence Parsons, Cleveland,

Ohio.



Citizens Sav. & T. 00., Trustee, Cleve-

land, Ohio.



George Lomnitz,

Ohio.



Mrs. G. B. Rogers, Cleveland, Ohio.



Lillian Cotton, Cleveland, Ohio.



E. D. Pope, Cleveland, Ohio.



R. M. McConville, Cleveland, Ohio.



E. H, Houghton, Detroit, Mich.



G. J. Munsell, Detroit, Mich.





Known bondholders, mortgagees,

other security holders, holding one per

cent or more of total amount of bonds,

mortgages, or other securities:



None.



EDGAR H. HOUGHTON, Secy.

(Signature of editor. publisher, business

manager, or owner). ' -'

sworn to and, subscribed before me this

twenty-sixth day of ‘June. 1913. "

- f ' THOMAS H. BEERY.

Notary Public, Wayne County, Michfi

(My cemmlssion expires Oct. 9,1915). .. -

(SEAL). . ‘





Guardian, Cleveland,





"‘ amiss 5. 19135;“;





and-'





.3,





wwuf‘ Mffl‘ '
. \JI





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





fin ,





7‘,~-Wn :— Mfi/





 





, She would feel like a dunce.





 





LITERATURE

POETRY





 





 





HISTORY an?





 





 





INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





‘I7re FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





TEE-Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





The Nation’s Ultlmatum—By EDGAR WHITE





0, gentlemen, I prefer that my

N daughter be left off the program,

, if that is the part you want her

to take. It’s a cuStom that has almost

degenerated into a joke—getting a girl

to recite the Declaration of Independence.

Why, they’ve been doing it ever since I

was a boy."



“We thought it very,appropriate for

our Fourth of July celebration,” returned

Joseph Compton, an old merchant, who

was the chairman 0f the committee. “Of

course, there will be other features.”



“I sincerely hope so!" exclaimed Philip

Guthrie, divisiOn superintendent for the

Midland Valley railroad, who was seated

in his office in the second story of the

depot at Beverly. Guthrie was slightly

past middle age, large and still vigorous.

He was a man of kindly disposition, but

a strict disciplinarian and with a life

philOSophy dug out of the best school on

earth—that of hard knocks and antagon-

istic forces. From. the bottom he had

climbed to the swivel chair because he

had set out to do it. Naturally he had

a fair share of self-confidence. He be-

lieved that every man ought to have an

opinion and not be afraid to express it

on any occasion. There was more than

a touch of sarcasm in his rejoinder to

the committeeman, who colored slightly.





“I don’t understand how anyone could

object to the most important document

our statesmen ever gave utterance to,”

observed Mr. Compton.



“I'm not objecting to it,” retorted the

big railroad man, as he pounded his fist

on the desk. “It's good stuff—patriotic

and all that, but if I let Grace get up

there and droon through it half the peo-

ple would keep on talking and the bal-

ance would look bored and walk away.

I don’t ob-

ject to the Declaration of Independence,

Compton, but it’s the everlasting repeti-

tion of- it at Fourth of July celebrations

that’s made the thing seem ridiculouS.

‘Beyond the Alps Lies Italy,’ was good a

hundred years ago or so, but if my

daughter would undertake to speak it

now I'd think she was a goose. Let’s

be more up to date. Get up a good base-

ball game, turn the Glee Club loose, and

let yOung Jenkins, the lawyer, spout

about the Japanese situation. That’ll

fetch ’em!”



“Perhaps you are right," remarked

Compton as the committee turned to

leave. “There’s a difference in people

now from what there used to be.”



‘_‘Sure there is!” approved Guthrie;

“new things are happening all the time

and we must keep up with the proces-

sion. Good-by."



The superintendent turned back to his

desk and was soon absorbed in the many

cares that come to a man who aids in

guiding the destinies of a great railroad

syStem. But as he was walking home

that evening his interview with the

Fourth of July committee recurred to

him and he smiled. He was SO pleased

with the outcome that when he met his

wife he instantly began telling her

about it.



“The old fossils wanted our Grace to

get up there and make a monkey out of

herself by reciting the Declaration of In-

dependence. I could imagine the crowd

Snoring ‘when she started in On the old





song, ‘When, in the course of human

events,’ and so forth and so on.

Mrs. Guthrie eyed her husband cur-





iously a moment and then handed him a.

letter. He t00k it quickly.



“From the boy?” he inquired as he

eagerly opened the pages. “When did

it come?”



“The postman brought it this after-

noon," the wife replied. “I called You

soon as I finished reading it, but your

telephone was busy."





Mrs. Guthrie switched on the

and sat near him while he read.

letter was written in New Orleans.



“Dear Mother and‘ Father,” it began.

“This is the first time in six months I

have had the chance to write a letter

which I felt sure you would get, for we

have been mighty near off the earth in

more ways than one. As I wrote you

last fall, Emile Le Prohon and I had ac-

cepted positions with an American syn-

dicate that had obtained leases for inin—

eral exploitation in Central America. Our

operations were in the mountains, not

far from the coast. \Vhile engaged in

our work one of those periodic revolu-

tions broke out, and the insurgents over-

threw the government. The new presi—

dent, a good warrior, but uneducated,

thought the best way to strengthen his

administration was by killing off all his

enemies. Military executions occurred

daily. One day a company of troopers

foundlus at work in the mountains. The

captain saw our maps and decided we

were spies in the pay of the party that

formerly controlled the government. \Ve

were taken to the capital city and ar-

raigned before the president, a large,

heavily whiskcred man, who ruled with

a deSpotism no king in a civilized land

would dare attempt. Although Emile

and I can talk the language fairly well,

we could not make this half-savage man

understand we Were simply civil e11—

gineers, and that our maps were neces-

sary for our people to properly locate

their holdings. He insisted if we were

really miners all we need do was to dig

holes in the ground, or tunnels in the

mountains, to find what we wanted; the

maps and drawings could only mean that

we were showing the way for the enemy

to mass troops and fortify. Consequent-

ly we were nothing but spies, and should

be treated as such.



“\Vhile the preSident did us the honor

to summon a few officers and go through





lights

The





the form of a trial, he dominated the

whole proceedings and indicated to his

‘court’ that he wanted us found guilty





and sentenced to be shot. Human life

is pretty cheap down there, and the ex-

ecution of a dozen or so men on very

flimsy grounds excites hardly any com-

ment. Of course we demanded time un-

til our government could be heard from.

The preSident asked us what our gov-

ernment was, and when we told him of

its size and importance he only laughed

and said he guessed it wouldn’t worry

about a couple of citizens that far from

home.



"It happened that at this time there

was an American yacht in the harbor.

On board it Were Robert Bascomb of

New Orleans, and some friends. I want

you to remember this man’s name. But

for him your son would not be writing

yOu this letter today. Before I had ever

met him, Mr. Bascomb learned of our

so-called trial and sentence and imme-

diately'went to President Callejas in hot

protest, which was only availing in that

the despotic ruler agreed to put the ex-

ecution off for a week. Then Mr. Bas-

comb got into the prison to see us. He

didn’t tell us at that time that he was

a big railroad and mining man, but we

learned it afterwards.



“ ‘Keep a stiff upper lip, boys,’ he told

us, ‘and I'll see if anything can be done.

Maybe I can get a wire through to Wash-

ington, and they'll do something. In the

meantime I’ll see if I can’t find some in-

fluential man along the coast ‘who will

help out. Just you be good and quiet,

and I’ll do everything I can.’



“You can imagine how grateful we felt

at this interest by a stranger. If you

had been there yourself, Dad. you could

not have taken hold any better than he

did. I want you to meet him some time.





You and mother want to take youi next

vacation by way of New Orleans, and he

will give you the time of your lives in

his big yacht, and in showing you about

this interesting city.



“Well, we heard not another word from

our friend until the morning of the tenth

day, the day that was to be our last on

earth. Directly after breakfast a man in

gold lace andbrass buttons came into

our dungeon and, by the light of a can-

dle in the jailer’s hand, read our death

warrant, which recite-d that we were to

be shot as spies, and for treason against

the republic and a lot of othcr things.

\Vhen I see you I will go into greater

detail about what happened the night be—





fore, but I must hurry along with the





main points or this letter will be too

long.

“At nine we were marcched into the





court and stood against a stone wall.

Then a file of soldiers came out. I

thought of the pictures I had seen of

executions, and how true to life they

were. On one side were the officers with

their swords and gold tassels. and quite

a number of privates. Peering through

the bars of the gloomy old dungeon were

the prisoners, many of whom were also

under sentence of death.



“Emile and I had shaken hands and

bade each other good-by, and the ofificer

in charge of the firing squad had given

the first order to his men when a gold—

laced chap rushed frantically into the

court yard, waving his plumed hat and

shouting as if he was crazy. The cap-

tain of the squad directed his men to

ground arms and motioned us to accom-

pany him. Il'e trailed along behind the

gold-laced chap, who kept up a torrent

of talk as if something terrible had hap-

pened, or was about to happen. Our

leader led us through dark corridors and

all sorts of queer stone entry-ways and

under ancient arches until at last we

entered a big building, ascended abroad

flight of stairs and were shown into a.

room where Callejas and several of his

officers Were seated at a long table. In

front of the table was our loyal friend,

Mr. Bascomb, and a man whom we had

never seen before, and yet whom we

seemed to have known always. He be-

longed to that stalwart breed known as

the American—IriSh, and looked for all

the world like Tim Cadogan, who used

to be boss of your wrecker crew, Dad.

He was, if. anything, a little bigger than

Tim, and he carried such an air of au-

thority about him that Emile and I felt

relieved somehow the moment We laid

our eyes on him. He didn’t seem a bit

afraid. On the contrary, he looked like

a man who had come to chastise a lot of

bad boys. And the decorations he wore

would have made you laugh, if the oc-

caSion had not been so serious. He had

insignias showing him to be a member

of the Loyal Irish Knights and, although

he certainly wasn’t more than a baby

when the Civil was was on, he wore a

rosette OVeI‘ a G. A. R. badge, a shield

attaching a badge that showed he also

belonged to the Confederate Veterans'

Association, and some five or six others.

I can't remember them all. His name,

quite naturally, was Tom Murphy.



“Mr. Murphy didn’t waste any time.

In a forceful mixture of Spanish and Eng-

lish he informed President Callajas that

he was there as the representative of

the United States government, to present

the ultimatum of the federal authorities

at Washington concerning two prisoners

unlawfully detained by the Central Am-

erican republic, towit, Senor George

Guthrie and Senor Emile Le Prochon,

civil engineers.



“Then he advanced until he could al-

most touch the president, who also wore

a. great bunch of badges and decorations,





and unrolling something as big as a map

of our country, began in thunderous

tones, and with much striking of his big

fist on the table, to read~you will never

gueSs what! It was the Declaration of

Independence! I hadn't heard it read

since I was a schoolboy, but it all came

back to me, and in the fix we were I

tell you it sounded good. It was a large

fac simile of the original writing, in-

cluding the signatures.





“The resourceful Mr. Murphy had ad-

ded a large gold seal and an immenSe

festoon of blue ribbon. I tell you it was

a formidable—looking document, but I

shook in my shoes at the audacity of

this big Irishman going right into the

lion's den and trying to make the boss

of the republic believe that the Declara—

tion of Independence was a

order of the United





“But Mr. Murphy knew what he was

ab0ut. He played the game just right

for the men he had to deal with. Some-

times he would blaze along in English,

and now and then deliver a denunciatory

blast in Spanish. Just a little he fudg-

ed at one place. “'here it said ‘and de-

clare that these united Colonies are, and

of good right ought to be.





peremptory

States to release us.





free and in-

dependent states,’ he read ‘citizens’ for

‘colonies’ and ‘states.’ You know the

Declaration winds up with what is vir-





tually a gage of war thrown at England,

and Mr. Murphy ran this in so that Pres-

ident Callejas and his military board

thought it was aimed squarely at. him.

And then, when our pugilistic Irish ad-

vocate came to the names of those long

dead and gone heroes who had signed

the immortal document, he roared them

out in tones that caused one to think

they might be standing on the frontiers,

sword in hand, ready to execute dreadful

vcngeance in the event their ‘ultimatum’

were not obeyed.



“ ‘Today I come in the name of the

l'nited States government asking justice

for these two boys who have done you

no wrong,’ declared Mr. Murphy. ‘To—

morrow, unless they are released, I will

come at the head of my country’s bat-

tleshipS!’



“Long before the vehement Mr. Mur-

phy had finished I saw We were safe.

You could tell it by the agitated whis—

pering among the officers, the troubled

shaking of their heads and the way they

moved their hands about their whiskers,

indicating they were weakening. Even

the warlike Callejas showed considerable

nervousness, and was very pale.





“It was such a bold thing to do, such

a consummate piece of nerve, such a

marveIOus piece of strategy carried out

by a born actor, that the sheer audacity

of it enabled the astute Mr. Murphy to

get away with it. But had there been

in Callejas’s crowd just one man who

understood what Mr. Murphy was really

doing to them, our lives would not have

been worth two pins. I was informed

later by Mr. Bascomb that there was an

officer on the president’s staff who might

have caused trouble had he been pres-

ent, but a little entertainment was ar-

ranged for him on the yacht, and when

he returned to the city the order for

our release had been signed.



“Mr, Bascomb told me he had first

tried to get in telegraphic communication

with Washington but could not in time

to do us any good. Then he had sailed

from place to place along the coast hunt-

ing some man of influence, but the peo-

ple who might have helped seemed to be

back in the country on a visit, or out

of town on business. Things began to

look desperate, but Mr. Bascomb never

let the steam go down on his yacht, day

or night. Finally, but two days before

the time appointed for us to die, Mr.
any...”





.peculiar individuality.





8....8





BasComb found his old friend Thomas

Murphy at Balize. At one time ‘Mr. Mur-

phy had been the representative of the

United States to a Central American re-

public. While holding down that job,

an official at washington, knowing Mr.

Murphy’s hereditary antipathy to King

George III, had sent him a large fac

simile copy of the Declaration, for which

Mr. Murphy would have fought with the

last drop of his blood.



“Mr. Murphy, like you, Dad, was a

man of resourceS, as you will guess by

what I have already written. He had

been a railroader, had bossed construc-

tion gangs all over the south, built bridges

across deep mountain torrents, blasted

rock and handled pile-driver crews. He

reasoned that an absolutely genuine Uni-

ted States document of ’76 would be just

as effective with the sort of people

he had to deal as something enacted

a hundred years or so later. The dec-

orations he wore were some he had in

his trunk and others he had scraped up

from friends on short notice. They were

meant, of course, to give color to his

official representations, and were better

evidence than a whole file of letters sign-

ed by officers of the government would

have been. I think when the United

States comes to know Mr. Murphy right





‘THEAMIC‘HI‘GAN FARiM‘E'R ' ,





they will give him some important dip-'

lomatic position; they need him in their

business.



“President Callejas delivered a pro-

found apology to our spokesmanfi said he

would be only too happy to turn us

loose; that it was all a mistake anyhow;

he hoped it would not cause any es-

trangement between our country and his.

and ended by inviting the entire Ameri«

can party to take luncheon with him.



“We came north on Mr. Bascomb’s

yacht. A military guard of honor ac-

companied us to the docks. On the way

up I begged of Mr. Murphy his Declara-

tion, and he kindly let me have it. I am

sending it to you, mother, because I

know you will value it for the part it

played in saving your son’s life."



Guthrie sat in a meditative mood for

a few moments after he had finished

reading the letter. Then he walked ,over

to the desk where the telephone was.



“Is this you, Compton?” he called.

“This is Guthrie. About that little mat-

ter this morning. Since thinking it over

I believe yOu were right. No objections

whateVer. Sure—I will be glad to let

Grace read it for'you. I think it well

that the people’s minds should be refresh-

ed now and thenq by the foundation prin—

ciples of our government."





llllllllllllllllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill|l|Illl|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





The Boy Who





Was Different





By WM. A. COREY.





Philip reached. the Foulds farmhouse

just as the farmer, thick—chested kindly—

fzzctd and sweaty, turned his horses into

their stalls for the noon—day rest and

feed.



"\'\'ell,” he called out to the boy in his

hearty way as he removed the bridles

and, hanging them over the hames, pro-

ceeded to give each animal its measure

of grain. “\Vcll. you’re on hand, eh? All

right, you just hang around and sort of

lay of the land this afternoon

and tomorrow; and Monday there’ll be

something to do. I guess we’ll get along

all right. You just do the work that‘s

to be done and then the balance of the

time's your own. Brought your book of

’lectricity along, did you? All right, you

can do all the experimentin’ you want to,

You’ll find wires and bottles and jars and

things lying around, I guess. And if you

want anything down to Quimby I guess

we can get it, eh?"



Phillip thanked his employer as he put

his suitcase down and Mr. Foulds con-

tinued: “You see I believe in being rea-

sonable with a boy as long as he’s rea—





get the





sonable with me.

rel?" And the farmer slapped a. horse

affectionately. “All I ask is that a boy

is clean and square and honest. Just be-

cause he ain’t made out of the same

kind of pie. crust that every other boy. is

ain't nothing against him. I reckon 1t's

a good thing once in a while some boy

is a little diffcrent from the rest. I

reckon that’s how the world gets ahead.

lilacky, don‘t you get over into Sorrel’s

box! All right, Phillip, bring your satchel

and we'll go up to the house and see

what Mrs. I“. and Katie have for dinner.”

Phillip Silverman, it must be confess-

ed. was not an especially prepossessing

boy in personal appearance. He was

large enough, and tall enough, for a boy

of sixteen, but he looked “leliChY-" His

thick yclluw hair was unkempt and his

clothes looked as though they had been

worn by somebody che; as, like enough.

they had. Moreover, he had a dull, stam-

niering way of speaking which made you

at first doubt whether the boy was “quite

right” in his mind. This impression

would be very quickly corrected, how-

ever, if you got him started talking on

electricity, his hobby. For Phillip Silver-

man, although self-taught (more credit

to him), knew more about electricity than

all the rest of the Mill Valley neighbor-

hood combined, not even excepting the

telegraph operator down at Quimby.

Phillip’s unattractive exterior was due,

mainly to two causes. First, he was an

orphan and had no “folks" to speak of

except an uncle and aunt who were harsh

and even brutal to him. Consequently he

had had no “bringing up.” In the city

the back alleys would. have been his

home and the juvenile court would have

seen much of him. In the country he

was like~a stray dog whom nobody want-

ed. In the second place Phillip’s per-

sonal appearance was due to the boy’s

He was different

from other boys. Dull at what he took

no interest in he was alert enough in





Ain’t that right, Sor-'





science and mechanical appliances. Among

the neighborhood youth he was the Odd

sheep in the band.



And the odd sheep meant, in the gen-

eral estimation, the black sheep. His

ShirtleSS ways, his refusal to exert him-

self where he was not interested and his

general unhappy appearance had given

him a bad name in the community. He

was regarded with suspicion, and evil

prophesies were made as to his future.



But Farmer Foulds was ’a philosopher

with the bark on. He saw good in l’hil-

lip Silverman where others saw only bad.

So, with the consent of the boy's uncle

and aunt, Foulds, having no boys of his

< .n. agreed to give l’hillip a home and

a small wage in return for his labor.



.\t the house l’hillip was warmly wel-

comed by Mrs. Foulds. a kind, motherly

old woman, and ,he. soon made friends

with Katie, the grandchild, a beautiful

girl of five.



The whole atmosphere of the Foulds

home was a. new one to the boy and,

then and there, he resolved to merit the

kindness that was being shown him.



The meal over, Phillip and the farmer

left the house together. “Now,” said

Foulds, as he began hitching up his team’

for the afternoon work, “as I said, this

afternoon and tomorrow you can sort of

get used to the place and Monday there'll-

be something to do.”



Phillip took the farmer at his word and

made himself at home. Mrs. Foulds

showed him where he was to sleep, which

was to be in a small store-room built at

the side of the house itself. This, the

good lady informed him, was to be his

room. It was provided with a comfort-

able single bed, a chair and a table.

There was a door opening outdoors and

there was one large window with a heavy

hoard shutter. This shutter could be

closed on the outside and fastened with

a padlock; for the room contained farmer

ll‘oulds' chest of valuables and was al—

ways closed tightly when the family were

away.



Phillip was pleased with the room, even

though the floor had nothing but one

home—made rug before the cot and a coal

oil lamp and bare, unfinished walls. The

boy had never had a room of his own be-

fore. He at once installed his few be-

longings there, his satchel and his few

clothes and, which was his chief prize,

his book on electrical science.



He looked about the room and house

and premises for materials to use in ex-

periments—wires, nails, jars, tin cans,

string. etc., and his active imagination at

once filled his little room with a. most

wonderful collection of mechanical and

electrical contrivances. He thought of a.

telephone. He knew Mr. Filbert, who

lived half a mile away and who was an

attendant in the State Insane Asylum at

Quimby, had a telephone and he boldly

hoped that his own wages might enable

him to have an instrument in his own

room. More than this, he saw two long

poles and he wondered whether they

could be fastened to the roof of house and

barn .to carry wires for a possible Wire-





INDEPENDENCE oAY‘.





 





BY L. M. THORNTON.





We are a. free-born. people



A land that has one Cry—

True liberty forever.



Our banner, flung on high,

Means not a selfish glory,



But we have paved the way

Where other feet may follow



On Independence Day.





We are a free-born people,

No slaves upon "our sod.

No dungeons, where the prisoned,

Cry up in vain to God.

No heritage of bondage

For those who come our way,

But Freedom's gifts and graces

On Independence Day.





0





 





less station. Under the stimulus of ap—

preciative kindness the “queer” boy’s

spirit was soaring.



Monday morning came and with it came

Phillip’s opportunity to show Mr. Foulds

that he could make substantial return for

kind treatment. But it was a test of en-

durance. The boy had never acquired the

discipline of sticking to unpleasant tasks.

And the day, hoeing the long rows of

SWeet corn and pulling the suckers from

the bottoms of the stalks, seemed an

endless one. Nevertheless, he stuck it

thrOugh. And as he began to find out

that he could make headway at disagree-

able work his recreative hours became all

the mpre enjoyable.



Weeks fallowed each other and, with a.

few lapses, Phillip Silverman got the

habit of steady application. He endured

the work in the fields so that he might

enjoy all the more his “play." And the

play showed results as well as the work.

Soon curious mechanical devices began

to spring up all about the place. An

electrical door bell of home manufacture

made its appearance. A Wire door mat

was so arranged that the pressure of a.

visitor’s foot would ring a bell in the

‘back of the house. Little Katie was de-

lighted with wonderful windmills and oth—

er toys evolved out of crude materials. A

method of signalling from house. to fields

was a great help to Mrs, Foulds.



And finally, with the money which the

ingeniOus boy had earned at the disa-

greeable work, a telephone was installed

which soon proved itself of practical use

in the household economy.



Phillip was becoming a fixture in the

Foulds home. He was showing Mr. and

Mrs. Foulds that he could appreciate pa-

tient consideration. And he. was show-

ing the rest of the neighborhood that he

was neither a fool nor lazy.



But Phillip’s star did not rise to first

magnitude until after his adventure- with

the escaped lunatic from the Insane Asy-

lum at Quimby. Foulds and his wife had

gone on a visit to Holton that day, seven

miles down the Kaw river, leaving the

boy and little Katie alone. Of course they

would not have left the place if they had

known a dangerous lunatic was at large.



iut it was only that morning that the

man had escaped and there had been no

possibility of warning. Phillip was warn-

ed, however, by telephone message from

the neighbor, Filbert, who advised him

to be on his guard against any stranger

who might appear.



At about twelve o’clock the man ap-

peared at the Foulds farmhouse door. At

least a man appeared and Phillip guessed

him to be the lunatic though, casually ob-

served, there was little about him out of

the ordinary. He simply came quietly to

the door, rang, and asked for a drink of

water. But there was an inexplicable

something about the visitor that pointed

to mental aberration.



Phillip felt the cold chills run over him

but he struggled not to show the mortal

fear he felt. He realized that he was

face to face with a desperate crisis. Lit-

tle Katie was asleep on the bed in the

middle room, taking her noon-day nap,

and she was liable to awaken at any mo-

ment. The boy knew the man had com-

mitted murder and that he was afflicted

with homicidal mania, a mania that was

liable to change from seeming sanity to

murderous fury at any moment. What

was he to do. How face the situation?

He crushed down his fear, his nerves

turned to steel and his mind began to

work like a charged battery.



"Certainly,” he said to the man's re-

quest for water, trying to speak calmly,

“I'll get you a drink." And, stepping

back into the room, he returned with a

glass of water which he passed to the

stranger. Then as the man gulped down

the water. Phillip motioned to a rustic

chair outside the door and said, “Won’t

you take a seat? It’s a warm day.”



But the man. still holding the empty

glass in his hand, said in an irritated

tone, "No."



(Continued on page 10).





 





 





 





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TNE MICHIGAN

FARMER.

DETROIT, MICK.





   





 





 





 





 





Boys, here is the best chance that ever

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ltead this over and then get busy, if you

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That’s fair, isn’t it? .



HERE IS HOW YOU GET IT.



Go rto three of your neighbors who are

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[THE .MlcfilGAN FARMER, Detroit, Moll.





 





AWalclI To lie Proud at For Every Boy





 





 





.4

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JULY 5-, 1913.





No‘r‘. A’ s’AN‘E‘ FOURTH.





 





BY LALIA MITCHELL.





’ a bandaged arm and a broken nose,



I("Aland I’ve lost Some locks of hair;



My hand was torn by a cracker, and

A part of my thumb aln t there.



But Freedom ruled in our .town this year,

And the council didn’t try _



To curb the rights of the coming man

With a sane Fourth of July.





I s’pose the marks on my cheek will stay,

But I wen’t be- long in bed,



That is, of course, if the serum'works—

If it don’t, I’ll just be dead.



Our fathers they don’t believe in laws

That weren’t in the days gone by,



So the council voted a. motion down,

For a sane Fourth of July.





When Mother wept I was sorry, too,

The baby was hurt so bad;



She got in the way of a cannon that

The Middleton children had.



But it's only once in a year, you know,

That’s maybe the reaSOn why



The council didn’t see fit to vote

For a sane Fourth of July.





 





THE FOUR-'LEAVED CLOVER.





BY W. F. WILCOX.





Did yOu ever hunt for four-leaved clo-

vers?_ Did you ever find any? I confess

that I have always found them ever since

I could remember, but I will not admit

that they have possessed any particular

lucky charm for me so far as I have

been able to discover. I have never spent

any time merely looking for them, but

somehow or other I have always found a

great many of them. They always seem

to bob up when I am not thinking about

them.



Whenever I drive along a road with

clover growing beside it I see four-leaved

clovers seemingly standing out above all

the myriad of threes. I have seen them

by the roadside while riding a wheel,

when on horseback or walking. When

driving through a recently mown hay

field I have seen hundreds of them while

sitting on the hay-rack going out for a

load of hay. Sometimes it appears that

they are most numerous just after the

plant has been mowed or grazed off. I

sometimes think that this calamity on the

part of the plant causes it to produce

more four-leaved clovers than otherwise.

But this is mere conjecture.



Often I have found a dozen, or even a

score, of four-leaved clovers on a single

plant. This has led me to wonder why

someone has not or does not get to work

and propagate, after careful plant breed-

ing and selection, a four-leaved clover

plant. This would increase the forage

considerably and every farmer would

want to grow clover having four leaves

instead of three. I have also found a

great many five-leaved clovers, a few

sixes, quite a number of sevens and a

few eights. Fours and fives are more

common, often several fives appearing on

one plant. .



There is something peculiarly charming

about a four-leaved clover. It presents





\





"THE MICHIGAN FARMER





sharp eyes. Quickness to diScern will

lead one to see the fours among the

threes. It is this quickness, this alert-

ness that counts in life. Some people

seem to possess eagle eyes, while others

do not see half the beautiful things all

about them.



In life success comes from being quick

to discern. It is worth while to cultivate

alertness, quickness, and nimbleness of

mind. The four-leaved clover, I believe.

is a good luck sign, in that it betokens

alertness on the part of those who dis-

cover it, which quality of mind will make,

with proper application and other funda-

mental qualifications, for success.





0 thou queer little oddity—



Nature’s emblem of good luck—-

Show thy place of nativity,



Fain would thy lucky stem I pluck.





Rare as Yukon’s golden stream,

Sought by many a bashful lover;



Fair maidens coyly of thee dream,

Blessings on thee, four-leaved clover.





BIRDS AND THE WEATHER.





 





 





BY ORIN E. CROOKE'B.





The question whether birds can fore-

tell the weather is one upon which much

evidence on either side might be set

forth. Ordinarily one heralds a flock of

geese northward bound in February or

March as a token of spring—as of course

it is. Yet ducks and geese press north-

ward at this time of year as fast as open

mater presents itself and Without much

of any concern as to local weather con-

ditions, In the fall, however, it is much

more likely to happen that cold weather

will soon follow their southward flight for

the reason that they remain in the north

lOng after most birds have gone south

and consequently when they do start up-

on their migration flight it is ordinarily

not long before cold Weather sets in.





The average bird, so far as migration

is concerned, appears to shape its jour-

neying with but little reference to local

weather conditions, or even predictions

by the weather bureau. A few years ago

winter set in early in the Mississippi val-

ley and came so suddenly as to overtake

immenSe numbers of blackbirds, robins

and kindred species which are ordinarily

well south by the time snow flies. As a.

consequence, many of these birds per-

ished, and others, partially overcome by

the snow and cold, eked out a scantliv-

ing through the winter months in shel-

tered spots where. food of one kind or

other could be found. Two robins that

came under the writer’s observation liv-

ed for three months on the pulp of the

dried up apples which clung to a tree

near his home. If they possessed an in-

stinct by which they could foretell weath-

er conditions it does not appear likely

that they would have permitted them-

selves to have been 0vertaken.in this

way. Indeed, it has been shown that,

irrespective of an early season or a late

one, most birds pass through a given 10-





 





 





“Say, but Isn’t he a Fine Dog, Mister?"





 





a more symmetrical appearance, me-

thinks, than the three-leaved, as the four

leaves seem' to make a more complete

whole than the three, which suggest

something lacking on the vacant side.

Some people never find any four-leaved

clovers. Some boys and girls waste a.

good deal of valuable time hunting for

them. It is really but a question of





cality on their migration flights with but

slight variation from an average date.

Some people pin great faith to the call

of the cuck00 or the mourning dove as

an indication of rain, yet the scientific

observer will affirm that these birds call

quite as frequently when no rain follows.

Crows have a way in certain localities

of getting together in flocks in the fall





and departing for more southerly climes

in a body or in a' long straggling flight.

The writer witnessed one of these flights

-——said to foretell a big storm—that took

two hours to pass, a constant line of

crows in two and threes and larger com-

panies winging high overhead. A big

storm did follow within a day or two,

but it is to be questioned whether the

immense flight of crows at just that time

was any more than a coincidence.





 





 





LITTLE FARM FABLES.





 





BY AUNT QUILLIA.





 





A Reason far Not Trying to Reason.





A miSerable cur who chanced to be liv-

ing on the same farmstead with a fine





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





whittle frOm you, then you’ll





never out you."





“Always





 





9—9.

[BANISHED -





Cofleo Finally Had to (lo.





The way some persons cling to coffee,

even after they know it is doing them

harm, is a puzzler. But it is an easy

matter to give‘it up for good, when

Postum is properly made and used in-

stead. A girl writes: ‘

“Motlher had been suffering from ner-

vous headaches for seven weary years,

but kept on drinking coffee.



“One day I asked her why she did not

give up coffee, as a cousin of mine had

done who had taken to Postum. But

Mother was such a slave to coffee she

thought it would be terrible to give it up.



“Finally, one day, she made the change

to Postum, and quickly her headaches

disappeared. One morning while she was

drinking POStum so freely and with such

relish, I asked for a taste.



”That started me on Postum. and I

now drink it more freely than I did cof-

fee which never comes into our house

now.”



Name given by Postum Co., Battle

Creek, Mich. \Vrite for booklet, “The

Road to lVellville."



Postum comes in two forms.



Regular Postum (must be boiled).



Instant Postum doesn’t require boiling,

but is prepared instantly by stirring at

level teaspoonful in an ordinary cup of

hot water, which makes it right for most

persons.



A big cup requires more and some peo-

ple who like strong things put in a heap-

ing spoonful and temper it with a large

supply of cream. ~



Experiment until you know the amount

that pleases your palate and have it

served that way in the future.



“There’s a Reason” for Postum.





 





 





 





 

 





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constantly harrassed the

methods





shepherd dog,

latter by his criticisms of her

in handling the sheep.



“You should use more severity with

those thick—headed brutes.” declared he.

“You are spoiling them and making them

more stupid than ever by your indulgent

ways Only yesterday when driving,r

them from one lot to another I saw you

gently nosing an old laggard along. I

wish I had been in your place. Some—

thing would have been doing. If a round

of fierce barks had failed to stir her-

Stumps I would have got a move on her

by nipping her lazy flanks with my sharp

teeth.”



“That old ewe,” replied Bonny, “is

lame, and even were she not it would go

against my instincts to do otherwise

than I did I would have outraged both

conscience and reason, for I would have

grieved her and might have disabled her

for life.”



“Bosh!” exclaimed Mongrel. “Your

instincts and conscience are too fine, and

as for reason there is not the least glim-

mer of common sense in what you say,

much less a rational view of the matter.

You are too easy and I am looking ev-

ery day to see you ousted from your po-

sition. Should this occur I hope to fill

the vacancy myself, and I tell you right

now I will never stop to lick a peevish,

bloating lamb as I saw you do the other

day when driving them to water.”





“That lamb.” persisted Bonny, “had

strayed from its mother and was a home-

sick, heart-broken little thing. My

tongue soothed and comforted it I am

Sure.” I



“Bosh again!’ blurted out Mongrel. “I

only wish I had your place. I would

show those wool-heads and all of the

denizens of this farmstead what a. little

vim would do.”



Bonny was about to reply as she had

done dozens of times before to Mongrel’s

unreasonable attacks, when an old Shet-

land pony from the north of Scotland

spoke up. “I wouldn‘t waste my time,

Bonny, trying to argue the case with

that creature. He is not worth it. He

has neither blood, breeding, nor the com-

monest of kindly feeling. We came from





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Philip ll. McMillan. Pres.

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traditions and the canny senSe of its

people. He has never given a thought

to the nature of sheep. Waste no time

on trying to change his brutal instincts.

Your efforts call to mind what I heard

one of those boys who helped us in bar-

vest say. One day he and his chums

were discussing an obstinate classmate

when this one closed the conversation by

remarking, ‘You know, fellows, what

Swift says: “It is useless to attempt to

reason a man out of a thing that he nev-

er was reasoned into.” ’ ”





 





THE VALUE OF THE UGLY TOAD.





 





BY ISAAC MOTES.





Farmers would make very little money

were it not for the birds and other small

animals which work for them as insect

destroyers. The value of frogs in this

connection is not realized by one farmer

out of a hundred. Stirring out only dur-

ing twilight and the early part of the

night, they destroy millions of insects,

spiders. bugs, worms and ants.



I have known this in a general way

ever since boyhood, but recently I had an

interesting proof of the fact that the

more toads you have about your fields,

gardens and yard the better chance you

have for fine crops. They even help to

protect large trees. In our front yard

we have a young white oak which gave

strong indications last summer that some-

thing serious was the matter with it, for

it seemed about to die. The leaves dried

up and began to fall off much quicker in

the autumn than those on some of the

other white oaks in different parts of the

yard, and in my neighbors‘ yards. Also

some of the low limbs of the tree gave

unmistakable evidence that they were

really dying. for they failed to leave out

this spring.



“'0 have a great many small red ants

about our place, and I noticed these ants

on the trunk of the tree in considerable

numbers laSt summer. I came to the

conclusion that it must be the ants that

were gradually killing this tree, because

I found places where they were making

holes through the rough, outer bark, and

were eating the tender. inner bark next

to the sapwood. As the tree was a fine.

graceful one I hated to see it die, so I

put a circle of brick around it. about two

feet distant on every side, and dug up

the ground thoroughly within this circle,

keeping the grass and weeds down in

order that the ground might absorb all

the moisture that fell upon it, and that

no vegetation should appropriate the

moisture. Nevertheless I had grave

fears that my beautiful tree would fail

to leave out this spring.



To my surprise, however, it put forth

leaves as usual: In fact the buds swelled

earlier than those on other white oaks

growing near my place, perhaps for the

reason that this tree stood on level

ground, and the ground had been dug up

arciind it all winter, thus absorbing plen-

ty of moiSture. The tree looked so fine

and flourishing that I was agreeably sur-

prised at its appearance and came to the

conclusion that during the past winter

the weather had been so cold the ants

could not stir out and injure it and that

as a result it was recovering its vitality.



In order to protect it from ants this

year I hewed Off the rough, outer bark

smoothly all around, to a hight of about

three feet, without going deep enough to

injure the green, inner bark at any place,

then covering this surface with a rather

generous application of tar to keep the

ants from crawling up the trunk when

the weather became warm.



One pleasant evening in early May,

about twilight, I was walking in the

front yard when a toad frog hopped along

in front of me near this tree. I paid not

much attention to it, however, except to

remember that they are useful creatures

about the farm and garden. I walked on

to the front gate and, after being there

a while, I came back towards the house,

close by where I had seen the frog, and

looked for it again. I didn’t see it at

first but, knowing it couldn’t be far

away. I continued to look and presently

saw it at the foot of the tree. Squntting

close by the tree, with its mouth almost

against it, it was making short, quick

rapid nabs at ants on the tree.



This excited my curiosity and, looking

more closely, I‘ saw another toad on the

other siderof the tree, It, too, was eat-

ing the ants crawling on the tree trunk

near the ground. \Valking a little farther

around I saw a third frog busily nab-

bing the ants that came within its reach.

I stood and watched these frogs perhaps

fifteen minutes, and in that time they

must have eaten literally thousands of

the ants: There must have been a good





many ants which had started up the-





trunk and, upon coming to the, tar. had

been stopped and turned back.





How long the frogs stayed there after





I left I don’t know. Neither do I know

how early they began eating the ants in

the spring, or whether they all visited

the tree every evening or not, but Ihave

seen them there a number of times since

and have stood and watched them with

a great deal of interest. They snap the

ants with a motion of the head that is

surprisingly quick for such clumsy look-

ing creatureS. In fact I was never out

there on any clear evening in May that

I didn’t see at least one toad, and once

as many as four. During the summer, if

they continue in this way, they will de-

stroy millions of ants, so that with their

help and the strip of tar around the tree

it bids fair to take on a new lease of life.



This experience was a small thing in

itself, but it shows how valuable to us

as insect destroyers are the humble crea-

tures to which we so seldom give credit

for the good they do in ridding our fields

and gardens of pests which not only de-

stroy tender spring vegetables but large

trees as well.





THE INGENIOUS MR. JOLLY.





 





BY W. J. SPILLBOY. .



Mr. Jolly has written me a, character-

istic letter. He has read of the experi-

ments of a scientist who has learned that

earthworms have the endowment of

memory. This professor, knowing that

earthworms will quickly go from a light

to a dark place if permitted, placed a.

Worm on a plate. Through this plate were

bored two holes, one on the right, and

the other on the left, of the position as-

signed to the worm. In the bottom of the

left hole was a tiny wire carrying a very

small charge of electricity. “hen the

worm crawled into this hole to secure

darkness he was instantly shocked upon

reaching the bottom. He was shocked

literally as well as figuratively. Eventu-

ally retreating to tlhe other hole, he fin-

ally learned that only in it could he find

comfort and. when liberated from his

middle position upon the plate, he uni-

formly entered the hole on his right. This

proves that the earthworm has both rea-

son and memory. In this he is ahead of

some who consider themselves his betters.



Mr. Jolly‘s fertile brain conceives the

project of applying this principle to the

case of the scratching hen. l’lace her

midway between the flower bed and the

barnyard. Release her, and she will in-

evitably gravitate to the former. But,

run a few wires around the bed, charged

With electricity from small dry batteries.

\\'hen the intruder steps upon one of

these wires blisters are burned on her

feet, and she jumps higher than a rail

fence. After a few of these experiences

she concludes that discretion is the bet-

ter part of valor, and turns toward the

barnyard constantly. Result, a race of

educated hens, and no fences needed

around the garden or the flower beds.



I am writing Mr. Jolly that his plan is

ingenious, but liable to come to failure

through no fault of his own. The hen

has small brain capacity, for her general

size. She has a retreating chin and a

flat“ forehead. Moreover, like many other

feminine beings the chief bump upon her

cranium is that of curiosity. Let one step

upon the electric wires around the flower

bed, and two others will come running to

learn the cause of the disturbance. It

will be the old principle of killing one fly

and having live come to the funeral. For

the hen habitually inclined and constitu-

tionally directed to the flower bed and

the Vegetable garden there is only one

known cure. That is a surgical operation

upon the neck, and it is best performed

with a. hatchet.



Mr. Jolly is notorious among his friends

for reading the headlines of articles in

the papers and jumping at conclusions

before reading the articles at all. He

encloses me severaloarticles clipped from

various papers One is headed, “Sunflow-

er Growing for Poultry.” He inquires how

a plant could possibly know whatl it is

growing for. He wants to know if sun-

flowers think. Another'article is entitled,

"Outlook for Hogs.” He says the out-

look for hogs in his community is any-

thing but alluring, as there is a large

mortality among them this season at the

hands of the butcher. Sometimes Mr.

Jolly is so sly regarding these notable

items in the papers that when he writes

me for advice I almost fear he is not in

earnest. His last query is as to whether.

if one were to set a fried egg he would

hatch a fried chicken. Next thing he

will be wanting to know whether a dou-

ble egg will hatch twins. Sometimes I

fear that Mr. Jolly is making fun of me.





THE MICHIGAN, FIARMLE'R, 7-





.against the door like a catapult.





was only different.





   





CAMPING WITH DADDY:

B: n. r. GRINSTEAD.



That is just what Rob and Tommy

called him—not Papa or Father-Jus‘t

Daddy. And what fun it was to go to.

the woods and spend the day. Daddy,

who had been a soldier in the Philip-

pines, knew all about camp life. He"

would not let the boys take anything

cooked, but Tommy, who was the larger,

carried a small pail with some biscuit

dough that.Mamma had made at break-

fast time, and some slices of raw bacon.



Vi'hen they had loafed by the brook-

side, throwing pebbles in to see the ring-

lets, till the sun was almost overhead,

Daddy picked up some dry branches and

soon had a. brisk fire bprning on some

stones near the water. When the fire

had burned down to a bed of glowing

coals he wrapped a part of the bread

dough about the end of a slender hickory

stick and held it a. foot above the hot

coals. Presently the dough began to

brown on one side, and when he turned

it, and kept turning it till a nice crisp

cake of bread was ready for the hungry

boys.



Tommy had out another hickory stick, '

leaving tw0 little branches at the end.

Following Daddy’s directions, he- sharp-

ened the fork and thrust on the end a.

slice of bacon, which he held over" the

coals as Daddy had the bread. The meat

began to sizzle, and the drops of grease

falling on the fire made bright little

Spurts of flame. When the slice was

done Tommy laid it on a clean rock be-

side the piece of bread and put‘another

on. for they must have three.



Boy was not large enough to help

much with the camp lunch, but he dip-

ped a bucket of water from the spring

near by and set it beside the big rock.



Presently the meal was ready and they

all fell to with a zest. And oh, such

bread and meat, The little boys thought

they had never tasted anything quite so

good, not even Mamma’s doughnuts. At





home they would not touch bacon, but to ..





the-m this tasted different.



“Oh, Mammal" exclaimed Tommy and

Rob in a breath, when they returned

home late in the afternoon, "Daddy cooks

such good bread that we want to camp

every clay—every day but Sunday.”



“See,” said Roy, holding up a bit of

crust, “I brought you a piece so you

could see how good roasted bread is.”





 





THE BOY WHO WAS DIFFERENT.

(COntinued from page 8).



Then to add to Phillip’s horror, their

voices awoke Katie and the child got

down from the bed and came outside the

door. Here, passing betivee'n the stranger

and himself, she climbed up into the rus-

tie seat and sat down. The man turned

and looked at the child and poor Phillip,

still trying to talk calmly of irrelevant

things. imagined he saw a look of ma-

lignant hate come into the lunatic’s eyes.

\\'as the insane man going to throw the

empty glass at the child, or pick her up

and dash her against the stone flagging?



The strange man’s glance then wander-

ed to an axe that leaned against the

house near Phillip’s room door and new

horrors suggested themselves to the boy’s

tortured mind. “'as the fellow going to

spring for the axe and brain them both?

Still struggling to control nerves and

voice, Phillip stepped between the visitor

and the axe.



“Have you heard from Quimby this

morning?" suddenly asked the man as

though he had been paying no attention

to Phillip’s remarks.



Just then the telephone bell rang in-

side the boy’s room and Phillip, with a.

flash of heaven-sent inspiration, said:

“That‘s Quimby now. Do you want to

talk with Quimby?”



A cunning look came into the strang

eyes. He had a scheme for throwing hi

pursuers off his track. “Yes,” he said,

stepping toward the sound of the bell.



And then as the man entered the room.

quick as a flash of his own “lightning,”

Phillip slammed the big oaken door with

the spring lock, threw the heavy window

shutter and snapped the padlock. Then,

snatching up little Katie, he tied down

the road toward the Filbert place as an

insane yell came from inside the impro-

vised prison and a body hurled itself





An hour later officers from the asylum

at Quimby arrived at the Foulds farm-

house, overpowered the lunatic and re-

turned him to the institution. And from

that day the boy whose nerve and pres?

ence of mind had saved two lives and

captured a dangerous lunatic was univer-

sally reSpected. He was no longer the

epitome of all that was worthless. He





 





Chamber





 





   





Q I; j’ JULYHm

0. nus wmp f s

has a Red lawnmower



7 Iron: Snap through Cap





 





Red Rawhide gives tin and wear V

to aim gy whip. I is e erfec-

flex: 0 whi centers. 0 not





confuse it wi ordinary domestic

rawhide. Red Rawhide comes from

the East Indian Water Buffalo, and

is treated bya process which makes

it practical] moisture— roof. This

process, w ich is our rade secret,

is'only one detail that makes





Red, Rawhide

Center Whips





ivalongest and most satisfactory service.

In workmanship, style and appearance they

are unapproachable, Yet, notwithstand-

ing their high quality. they are moder-

ately priced.

Red Rawhide Center Whips are made in

the largest whip factory in the _Un_ited

States by workmen who have allietime

of experience as who makers.



Let Us Send You Front

01 Then-Quality



If you want to know more about

whips write us to-day for the

famous “Westiield Test." It is

conclusive proof that Red Raw-

hide Centers are the kind you

should buy.



You can probably buy these .-

whips at your local dealer's.

If he does nothavethem, urge

him to get one for you.





0mm STATES Wlm' co.

Wendell.

In».





 

   

   

 





 





 

 





 





   

   

   

 





   

   

 





WAN ED!





At once a few men, who are hustlers, for

soliciting. N 0 experience necessary.

Good salary guaranteed and expenses

paid. The work is dignified, healthful

and instructive. In writing give refer-

ences and also state whether you have a

horse and buggy of your own. Address





Box J. F., Care Michigan Farmer, Detroit.

SKUNK FARMING‘tfifif rain“





ho , sheep. cattle or poultré. Requires less space an:

on yams” ca. ital to start. end for free information.

LA MON F H FARMING 00.. Box 5. Spencer. Ind.





Farms and Farm Lands For Sale





03R NIEW tYORK IthlPROVIED FsAfiatI%—afre sheet

or a in u presen ow r can on or tea at.

McBUftNEY a 00.. 703 Fiahper Bldg" Chicago. Ill.





—W h . ’

FARMS WANTED s; seamstress;

scribing property. naming lowest rice. We help buy-

Ell‘E n





are locate desirable to erty FR . American vest-

ment Association. 3pPa. ace Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn.





CASH FOR YOUR FARM





I bring buyers and sellers tggether. Write me if

you want. to bug‘ssell or trade. tubltshed 1881. Frank

. Cleveland. . Adams Express Bldg” Chicago. Ill.





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS

Near Saginaw and Bay City. in Gladwin and Midland

Counties. Low price.: Easy terms: Clear title. Write

for maps and particulars. STAFFELD BROTHERS.

15 Merrill Building. Saginaw. (W. 8.), Michigan,





' and until: raved lands in Del ware.

Full". Farm: diversified, farming live stools de-

licious fruits and ideal homes. For Information

address. State Board of Agriculture, Dover. Delaware





160 Acre Farm For Sale‘At ‘“°“°“- My

Address. R. G. COLE. Charlolgtef‘oil Ehl‘gcgif."





' -13 States. 90 to $100

Money-Making Farms an me, n... “0...,

tools and crops often included to settle quickly.

More in productive land near good market! east

Ehatn 3:6 Iatimzsmongiy Wm putt-chase elgelwhefqe 0156 earth.



6 e no . us rue case 0. roe.

E. A. sraou'r {ABM AGENCY. gBtntion 101.

Pittsburg. Pa.





COME TO TEXAS!





Dq.you want to change location toaland of sun-

shine. health. good cm a, nod schools good so-

ciety? Where good land a sti 1 cheap? Postal card

for free and reliable inform'atian to De 1:. A.

Commerce. Weatherford, exas.





Alfalfa and [in Stock —





I s the combination that has made wealthy

many a rancher and farmer out west.

Alfalfa aflords the greatest amount of feed

with the least amount of labor; cattle and

hogs keep busy night and day turning it

into money. In many sections of the west

for alfalfa you don't have to lime or inocu-

late the soil.



I will give you reliable information con-

cerning tracts of ’fine alfalfa land which

may be had at reasonable prices along

the Union Pacific System Lines In Nebraska

and Wyoming. Write to me today.

Colo-inti- cl: “wire-2'0“ P dfic.



I

w 130.. Icon 2“, Uni-a hmc’BIilh'

, OMAHA. NBB. - .
.,¢





 





. 7—,





JD





 





 





 





 





 





 





{V





* Are You a “Street Saint?”





 





“Street saint and home devil” used to

be the expressive phrase applied to the

man 0r woman who kept all the smiles

and sweet words for strangers and the

scowls for the family. I heard the term

frequently during childhood, but of late

years it has fallen into inoccuous desue-

tude. I should like to think it is because

such abnormalities have ceased to exist,

but facts compel me to the opinion that

it is only because it is no longer good

form to refer to the gentleman last men-

tioned, he having passed out along with

other old-fashioned conceptions.



But if the name has died out the breed

has flourished. Indeed I am afraid the

majority of us have at least a, drop of

the blood in our veins, though we may be

far from meriting the old term. ,



It is so much easier to put on. our com-

pany manners for people who are really

nothing to us at all, while the folks at

home get the benefit of our headaches

and plain grouches. In this hurried age,



when the average American man and

woman is ailittle below par in health

and away dOWn in nerve control there is

a constant feeling of irritation, of chaf-

ing over little things which would not

exist if the individual were in perfect

health and leading a well-ordered, nor-

mal life. “'e make an effort to control

ourselves when strangers are about, but

when alone with the family we feel that

they should realize how tired we are or

how our head aches and make excuses

for our surly ways and snappy words.



“They know I don’t mean anything by

it, they understand it is just because I

am worn out," is the excuse we offer

ourSelves.



But unkind words hurt just as much

whether they are said because a. man has

a headache or because he has a devil.

And the other fellow doesn't always make

the excuses for you that you think he

will. Children never stop to analyze the

feelings 0f their elders, and all too often

it is the small people who get all the

benefit of the aches and pains. A scold-

ing is a scolding to a child, and the par-

ents who are constantly working their

ill-feelings off on the children and ex-

cusing it with the thought that they

work early and late to care for the

brood are laying up a store of future

sorrow.



“My father hates the sight of me," I

overheard an eight-year-old tell my boy.

“He never speaks to me except to find

fault with me. As soon as I’m 15 I’m

going to run away.”



That father would be struck dumb if

he knew his child harbored such thoughts.

As a matter of fact his whole heart is

bound up in that boy and he is working

himself to death to provide for the lad's

future. He is working too hard, and that

is where the trouble arises. He comes

home at night exhausted, nerves aquiver

and head aching, too tired to be jolly and

keenly sensitive to unnecessary noises.

All day he has forced himself to be smil-

ing. now he wants to relax.



The boy, a healthy, noisy lad, sprawls

around over everything, talks in a loud

tone, like all real boyS, falls over furni-

ture, drops his food and does all the oth-

er soul-trying things that a small boy

does if he is well. The knowledge that

he is annoying his father only makes him

more awkward and in his wild attempts

to make himself obscure he only becomes

more of a trial to his father. Sharp rep-

rimands follow, the boy sulks 0r crys,

mother tries to pacify, and everyone is

glad when dinner is over and laddie can

go to bed. .



As a matter of fact, that father never

does speak to his boy except to scold him,

but he doesn't know it. He is too worn

and tired when he gets home to want to

talk and the only time he speaks is to

scold the, boy._ But he wouldn’t believe

‘you 1; you told him so. .

’9 I like to think he is an exception. But



- there" are ’still‘tOoima‘hy‘ parents who let

’ ' /





ill-health excuse ill-temper. Of course.

it is far easier to be good natured when

you are well, but the old-fashioned brand

of religion and the newest cult as well,

both teach the necessity of controlling

the spirit, no matter what the outside or

inside provocationS. The great apostle

said, “I keep my body under," long be-

fore a modern teacher began the cry,

“Matter is nothing.”



If we must be cross sometimes, why

not be cross to the folks who don't have

to live with us? They might stand it oc-

casionally, but the ones who are in our

home surely deserve something better

than an atmosphere of scowls.



DEBORAH.

FRESH AIR CHILDREN ARE AGAIN

READY FOR VACATION.





 





The summer season is at hand and The





'Michigan Fresh Air Society is again ready





to begin its work. The soeiety was late

in Starting its work last year, but the

ready response, in reply to the appeal in

the Michigan Farmer, made it possible

to accomplish much good. The children

all enjoyed the happiness of real farm life

and returned with renewed health and

Spirits.



If the friends could only know how

much good these glimpses of farm life and

home life mean to so many of the chil-

dren sent out by the Society, they would

feel. many times repaid. There are many

to go this season, and offers from nearby

points are most helpful. Points within

100 or 150 miles from Detroit are best.



The class of children to be sent is not

always welcomed by the average family

sending in offers to take a child or two.

They usually want “attractive” children.

These- children are typical foreigners,

Syrians, Belgians and Slavs," frequently

with very dark skin and clumsy clothing

but they are good children and live in

such crowded districts that they are sad‘

ly in need of fresh air and wholesome

food.



Headquarters this season will be- in

Associated Charities Building, 69 Lafay-

ette Boulevard, Detroit.





IN JUNE AND DECEM-

BER.





ROSE-TIME





 





There is probably no flower so univer-

sally loved as the rose, “the queen or

flowers." This admiration is so much a.

part of feminine nature, that woman has

experimented along the lines of retain-

ing, not only the" odor, the soul of the

flower, but the rose itself throughout the

You can with a little work, and

care, preserve some of your June roses,

and have them fresh for Christmas, or

New Year. This is the way this seem-

ing miracle, may be accomplished.



When the roses are at their best, se-

lect a number of buds that are just ready

to blow, and cut them from the bush

with long stems, being careful not to

touch the buds or the stems close to

them. Before you cut them from the

bush, tie pieces of cotton thread tightly

around the stems, about three inches from

the buds. Carry the buds right to the

house, cut off the stems just below the

thread and apply to the stems some seal-

ing wax, previously warmed. It must not

be hot, but just warm enough to be duc-

tile, so the flower may not be injured by

the heat.~



Then roll a piece of paper into a cone-

like shape, place the rose-bud in it and

screw it up. Do this wit heach bud. then

place them in a box, and seal the edges

of the box so as to exclude the air. This

insures the success of the operation.



Lay the boxaway where it will be un~

disturbed until the roses are wanted.

open the box, cut off the ends of the

stems and place them in lukewarm wat-

er. In two or three hours the buds will

open and retain the freshness and frag-

rance of summer.





year.





TH E‘MICHIG‘AN FAVRMER





%





 

   





 





 





2A5:





\Vomal] : and Her Needy





At Home anb Eldewfi ere





 





 





 





 





 





$





The making of rose or pot-pourri jars

is redolent with the romance of paSt

ages. This custom was handed down to

us from our grandmothers, and is prob-

ably the best known, and simplest way

of imprisoning the spirit of rose—time all

the year.



To make these much is left to the in-

dividual taste, but the foundation of rose

leaves and salt is the same throughout.

Place the dried petals in a closed jar,

sprinkling each thin layer of leaves with

a. thinner layer of the table salt; not

quite a, pint of salt to each quart of rose

petals. Other flowers and various spices

may be added, but many rose lovers pre-

fer the rose alone. VVhen all arc in pour

over the whole one ounce of the best rose

perfume, the alcohol in which will tend

to prevent the decay among the loaves.

Keep the jar tightly closed except when

perfume is desired, when it may be op-

ened for a short time.



Many uses will suggest themselves for

these dainty jars. Handkerchiefs and

stationery may be perfumed by placing

them above the open jar, and shutting

the whole in a tight box.



Making rose pillows is another simple

way of preserving roses throughout the

year. Dry quantities of roses in the sun

quickly, and thoroughly to prevent must-

iness. Use these to fill pillows, either

alone or in conjunction with other mate-

rial. If other filler is used it is well to

add to the rose leaves rose sachet pow-

der to make the scent distinct enough.





For the economically inclined, it may

be said that white cotton scraps of any

kind, cut into the smallest pieces, make

a good filler for pillows. It is superior

to cotton batting because it is not in-

clined to become lumpy.



Though much has been

the making of rose-beads, during

past year, these are pcrhaps the

known of the rose novelties.



It is often claimed that rose beads were

first made by the nuns of California, when

the convents and monasteries Ilourishcd

in that country during the time of Span-

ish possession. The same romantic, au-

thority states that it was with rose beads

that these good Sisters made their beau-

tiful rosaries. \Vhothcr this be true or

mere tradition, we know that rose beads

are as fascinating in the making as in

the using, possessing not only fragrance,

but a quaint, appealing beauty.



To make these gather the roses while

the dew is still on them; cut off the tips

0r hard portion of each petal, rejecting

any grain of' the yellow substance. and

p0und them to a pulp in a mortar, as

was the old way, or lacking this, thc cvor

useful food cutter may he- used, putting

them through with the smallest knife.

Spread this paste out evenly to dry, some

on china, and some on sheet iron dripping

pans. This is ncccssary to make black

beads and those of a lighter color, that

dried on iron making the black beads.



Turn the petals every day, particularly

those in the dripping pan, so that cvcry

petal comes in contact with the iron, this

to insure evenness of color. Keep in the

sunlight about three days, at the end of

which time roll a piece between the

thumb and finger, when it feels elastic to

the touch it is ready to mold.



Spread the paste on a marble slab, or a

large- platter, and roll and knead as

though you were making bread; thn

perfectly smooth roll between the palms

into balls as thick as the thumbs. They

should be larger than wanted when done.

as they will shrink in drying. Let stand

a few hours, or until they have‘hardened

just enough to receive and hold impres-

sions. If allowed to become too hard,

they may be softened by dampening the

fingers slightly before beginning to mold

them. .



The- beads may be decorated in any

manner preferred. Little circles may be

made on them with a cloek key, or

crosses, diamonds or squares, with a

knife blade. But the smooth ones are

just as attractive. To make the hole,

run a wire, or a. very large hat pin

through the exact center of each bead





about

the

least





written





 





and impale it on a board to hold it firm

until dry.



When dry they are ready to be made

into beads, bracelets, etc. They may be

strung, either alternately light and dark,

or all of one color. Linen thread, fine

cord or a chain are suitable for stringing.



Perfume balls are made the same way

as the beads, but the reddest of rose

petals are preferred for these. A few

drops of attar of roses must be added

just before they are molded. The halls

are made much larger than the beads,

and are decorated or not as desired.

These balls are used in the place of

sachet bags, and molded in elongated

shapes are serviceable‘as weights in the

bottom of tunics, etc., instead of lead

pellets. They not only serve the purpose

of holding down draperies, but give the

garments a delightful perfume as well.





Roses have their place in the kitchen

also. They are delightful as flavoring

for cakes, pastry, etc. To make rose

Conserve pick fresh rose leaves, spread

out on a tray until you have a sufficient

quantity. Be sure to examine carefully

for insects. Put petals in a sound granite

basin, or better still, in an aluminum

kettle with just enough water to cover;

put lid on, and let cook very slowly until

tender. Then add almost equal propor-

tion of sugar and boil to a syrup; pour

into small jars and seal. A little of this

in cakes, creams, puddings, sauces, and

pies gives a flavor superior to anything

that can be purchased.



These rose novelties make delightful

holiday gifts. and the association of sent-

inwnt and personal thought of the mak-

cr give an added charm.



HOME QUERIES.





Household Editorz—How do you re-

move mildew?——L. M.

If the stains are old they can not be





removed. If freeh. wet in a strong suds

and cover thickly with a paste of soap

and chalk and but in a strong sunlight.

for several hours. Repeat the process

until the stains disappear.





Household Editor—“That will remove

grass stains?——Rcader,





Alcohol.





Household Editm':—Can you suggest a.

pretty salad for a luncheon to be given

early in July?





Select large firm cherries, pit them and

stuff each one with a blanched hazelnut.

Line a salad bowl with crisp lettuce

leaves, arrange the cherries in the green

nest, sprinkle with sugar and pour over





them a dressing thinned with orange

juice. Decorate the bowl with a cluster

or two of ripe cherries with the green

lcavcs. Of course, have the salad thor-





oughly chilled.





llousehold Editor:~—Can someone give

mo a recipe for raspberry jam?——Begin~

ncr.



Allow half as much sugar as you have

berries by weight. Press the berries

through a sieve. add the sugar and cook

slowly about an hour, stirring occasion-

ally to prevent scorching. This may be

poured into glasses like jelly and covered

with paraffine. - I



N, 8., Cedar Point—Thy burning a for-

maldehyde candle in the room. Full di-

rections for using will come with the

candle which may be bought at any drug

store.



Household Editorz—Could you give me





a recipe to make rose perfume of rose

pet;1lS?—Mrs. F. J. C.

Household Editorz—W'ill someone tell





me how to use overcoat material in mak-

ing a rug?~A Reader.





Household Editorz—VVould like to know

what will kill corn lilies and graveyard

rho-“1:. Barrel salt will kill myrtle—J.

Villousehold Editorz—Will someone please

Elva aCreCipe for apple conserve?——Mrs.

. A . l.





HOusehold Editorz—I am a reader of

the Michigan Farmer and find many help-

ful hints among Home Queries. Mrs. M.

E .H. wishes to know how to color cot-

ton goods with sumac berries and what

color it will be, so I send in the follow-

ing: Simply boil them up and put in the

rags. They will be a lovely drab. Noth-

ing is needed to set the color. Another
a





 





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Mrs. Countrywomam -- “Well,

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of farm-life, but I can’t see

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and no rest! I hate the coun-

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{If you don’t use El

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With F els—N aptha you

just use your hands to

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Easy directions are on the Red

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THE MICHIGAN FARM'EIR





drab which, I think better and cheaper

is as fol-lows: For five pounds of goods

take a. half pound of cheapest green tea

and two tablespoons of copperas. Tie

the tea in a, cloth and steep in a brass

kettle, then add the copperas and skim

thoroughly. . Put in the goods, stir and

air till colored enough, which should be

in a few minutes. If not dark enough

add more tea.——Mrs. M. F. S.





 





—-—--—1?»—.

KEEPING COOL.

_._.__

BY BESSIE L. PUTNAM.



Some northern people who went to a

southern city to live finally appealed to

the natives for a, recipe to enable them to

keep cool enough to sleep at night, and

found that the best way was to take a

cold bath just before retiring and to re-

frain from any further exercise. While

most of us do not meet the extreme tem-

perature, there are many days and nights

when the house is uncomfortable because

of some thoughtlessness on our part.



While sunshine is the best renovator,

it is not necessary to include it in our

homes during the hottest part of the day.

If the rooms are thoroughly aired morn-

ing and evening and the blinds or shades

drawn during the middle of the day the

rooms will be kept in a much more com-

fortable manner. If for some special

reason a lower temperature is wanted. as

in case of sickness, and dampness is not

to be feared. Wringing sheets out of ice

water and ‘hanging them before an open

window will soon make a hot room com—

fortable.



This same principle of evaporation is

sometimes applied in keeping butter or

milk cool without ice or a refrigerator.

A porous jug wrapped in a cloth kept

wet will keep the milk delightfully cool.

If the cellar is kept well aired at night

and during the cool hours of the day and

closed during the heated period it will be

found in good condition at all times. By

using the spray pump, if you have not

the water power for attaching the hose,

the air may be quickly cooled around the

house and yard every evening. The

sleeping porch is another comfort which

farmers can easily improvise. Heat pro-

ducing foods are being more and more

eliminated, and the simpler salads and

fruits substituted.





 





 





ABOUT LEMONS.





BY SUSAN M. KANE.





 





Fresh fruits rank high in food and me-

dicinal values and none higher than

lemons. During the warm days refresh-

ing lemonade is a favorite drink but their

juice can be used in all departments of

the home every day all the year round

with benefit and satiSfaction.



The use of lemon juice in the culinary

department in place of vinegar would

make for better health in the family and

for the preparation of fruit and vege-

table salads it should altogether replace

vinegar. For the sick room it is a pow-

erful germicide. On the dressing table

it is indispensible. In the laundry it

lightens labor. For cleaning in many

ways lemons are a necessity.



As examples of the uses of lemons the

following are suggestive and the few reci-

pes given are excellent.



Culinary,



Ilse pieces of lemon to garnish the dish

and add flavor to meat, fish and game.



Add one ~teaspoonful of juice to tough

boiling meats or a fowl of doubtful age

to make tender.



One slice of lemon in a cup of tea

makes a delightful drink.



One tcaspoonful of juice added to boil-

ing rice or sago whitcns the kernels and

imparts a delicate flavor.



Equal parts of oliVe oil .and lemon juice

make a superior salad dressing. Make

the dressing in the usual way, letting the

lcmOn juice replace the vinegar.



Improve the flavor of all dried fruits

by adding a few slices of lemon while

stewing.



Slices of lemon in canned cherries and

many other fruits greatly improve them.



Even insipid apples make a. dclicious

sauce if the juice of one lemon is used

for each pound of fruit.



The juice of one lemon and one-half

teaspoonful of baking soda. will take the

place of two heaping teaspoonfuls of bak-

ing powder. Sift the flour and soda to-

gether and add lemon juice as last in-

gredient to the mixture.



Lemon Catsup.



Mix one tablespoonful of grated horse-

radish awith grated rind of four lemons.

Add a teaspoonful of salt, the juice of

the lemons, a. dessertspoonful each of

white mustard seed and celery seed, a

few blades of mace, four cloves and a





 





dash of red pepper. Boil .35 minutes then





bottle white hot. In five or six weeks

thiswul be ready to serve with fish and

meat. _



Lemon Ice.



Three pints of milk.



One pint of sour cream in which a. level

teaspoonful of baking soda has been well

mixed. Stir cream and milk together

and chill thoroughly.



Grate the yellow part from five lemons.

Take their juice and mix with two cups

of granulated sugar. Mix well and add

the grated lemon. Add all to the chilled

cream (it will curd if the cream is not

chilled), and freeze.



Servlng Receptacles.



After the pulp is removed, the skins of

‘lemons make dainty receptacles for serv-

ing salads, ices, etc.



The juice of lemons boiled down to

half its bulk will keep indefinitely. A

tableSpoonful of the concentrated juice is

used to one glass of water.



Lemons for Health.



The cooling beneficial effect of drinks

containing lemon juice is well known.

It is an important and pleasant remedy

for all fevers and colds.



Flaxseed lemonade if taken at the be-

ginning of an attack of la grippe will

gene-rally break it up. To make, pour one

quart of boiling water over four table-

spoonfuls of whole flaxsccd. Add the

juice of three lemons and sweeten to

taste. Strain and use as warm drink be-

fore retiring.



Slippery elm bark tea is excellent for

bowel trouble. Pour one quart of boll-

ing water over two ounces of slippery elm

bark. Let stand until cool, add the juice

of three lemons, strain and sweeten.

Drink a small glassfull several times a

day. Used as a warm drink before re~

tiring relieves a cough or cold.



One tablespoonful of equal parts 0f

btl‘alllt'd honey and lemon juice taken ev-

ery hour will cure a cold.



Use pure lemon juice as a gargle for

sore throat.



Lemon juice one part and boiling water

two parts, will cure Sick headache. Sip

a tencupful as hot as possible every two

hours.



For a felon, cut off the end of a lemon,

stick the finger into the hole and bind it

on. Let it stay for a day or two when

it will be ready to lance.



Moisten the lips and tongue of a fever

patient with a bit of absorbent cotton

dipped in equal parts of glycerine and

lemon juice. Add lemon juice to the

bathing water of the patient and it will

reduce the fever.



A slice of lemon dipped in salt and

rubbed on chilblnins gives almost instant

relief from. itching and will heal them

if the macerated pulp with a little salt

added is bound on the affected parts for

a few nights. Many school children will

be glad to know this when they recall

chilblain torture they have endured, es-

pecially when the room was a little too

warm in thevmiddle of the afternoon.



lemove' a wart or corn by binding

lemOn on it a few times.



A few drops of lemon juice will re-

lieve bee and other insect stings.



Prevent and cure dandruff by using a

tonic for the hair twice a week made of

one part lemon juice and three parts

water. Rub into the scalp with the finger

tips.



Shampoo Mixture.



Put over the fire tWo ounces of pure

toilet soap and one pint of rain water.

Stir until soap is melted. Beat the yolk

of one egg and the juice of one lemon to-

gether and pour soap and water over it.

Stir with egg beater until nearly cold,

then bottle. Keeps indefinitely and is

excellent for the hair.



Miscellaneous Uses.



Lemon juice softens water and makes

WaShing less difficult. It should be used

only on white clothes. If soaked in water

to which the juice of one or two lemons

has been added they will require little

rubbing.



Ink, rust and fruit stains are easily re-

moved with lemon juice. Moisten the

stained goods with cold water. Lay in

the sun and squeeze a few drops of lem-

on on the spot. Dry and repeat until the

stain is removed. Do not rub. Add salt

to the stain if it be iron rust.



Rub discolorations on unvarnished wood

with a slice of lemon, dipped in salt.



Grind lemon peel, dry and use to

sprinkle over coals to kill disagreeable

odors. Use lemon peel to take the grease

off pots, pans, dishes, sinks and bath

tubs.



Clean brass Or other metal with a.

slice of lemon dipped in salt.



Rub silver first with lemon, then clean

in the usual way with alcohol and whit-

ing. The high lustre of new silver is

thus obtained. . .





\.





JULY 5, 1913.





Make glassware sparkle by washing in

cold water with lemon juice added.



For mildew, make a paste of equal

parts of soap and fine starch, using a.

knife blade as for putty. Moisten the

goods Where mildewed, with lemon juice,

then spread the paste on both sides of

the cloth and expose to the sun. When

the paste dries soften with more lemon

juice.



Lemons for the Dressing Table.





Soiled grimy hands, nails or face are

quickly cleaned with a slice of lemon.



One part lemon juice and four parts

water will removemfreckles, sunburn, and

blackheads. Never use lemon juice pure

on the face orneck. ,



Clear the complexion with a milk lo-

tion made of one quart of milk and the

juice of one lemon. Use morning and

night.



Rub the hands with a piece of lemon

before and after doing the dishes or the

weekly wash. Moisten the hands before

applying. This prevents chapping and

makes the hands soft and white.





Use a slice of lemon for the finger.





nails to loosen the cuticle instead of a.

sharp instrument.



Whiten the teeth with pure lemon juice.

Moisten bits of absorbent cotton with the

lemon and rub the teeth up and down.

Use bits on the end of a tooth pick be-

tWeen the teeth. Rinse the teeth thor-

oughly.



H

ECONOMY.





The front of a pretty shirt waist that

has been worn out. may be made into a

dainty apron. The embroidered front

makes the body of the apron, which may

be circular at the bottom if so desired. A

fiounce of half-worn embroidery or lace

that is not available for any other pur-

pose may be used for trimming it. I have

one, rescued from the rag bug, that has

been in almost constant use-for over a

year.—M.



Household Editor:——In the May 17 issue

Mrs. C. asks how to use cold baked beans.

I think she will like this way for a.

change. then baking do not let them

bake dry or do not let brown very much.

Take out some of them and put into a

granite bread tin and press down firmly

with your sp00n. Set aside and at night

you can slice off and place neatly on a.

platter. Your family will relish them as

well as something new. Garnish with

lettuce or parsley if desired—Mrs. E. S.





FASHIONS BY MA'Y MANTON.





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92

pages illustrating over 700 of the season's

latest styles, and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of 10 cents.





 





 





 





 





No. 7871~—Child’s one-piece kimona, 1,

2 and 4 years. With short or long sleeves

with or without seam at back.



No. 7861~Infant’s dress and barrow

coat; one size.



No. 7883—Boy's Russian blouse suit, 2

to 6 years. With straight trouSers, Square

or high neck. short or long sleeves. ’



No. 7870—Boy's blouse, 4 to 10 years.

With short or long sleeves, ,neck-band

or sailor or round collar, with or without

yoke on back. '



No. 7819—Cthild’s overalls, 2 to 6 years.



The above patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

Of the Michigan Farmer on receipt of 10

cents for each. \ -





 





 





\nn...‘ H
HULY, 5.1913





I





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Poultry.

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A NEW WAY OF BATTLING MITES.





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To rid hens of the common lice that in-

fest them is not at all difficult if they

are supplied with a good dry dust bath,

a little slacked lime and a clean place to

roost. However, it is a more difficult

task to exterminate the little red mites,

and they are the ones that do the most

damage. I tried many remedies, with so

little effect, that I almost became dis-

couraged. As a last resort, after white-

washing the interior of the henhouse and

washing the roosting poles withpne of

the coal-tar preparations, I gathered up

a lot of old socks and stockings and tied

them, one at a place, about the roost

'poles, choosing points at which the poles

rested upon their supports or any place

at which the mites seemed inclined to

gather. Every morning I carefully re-

moved those rags and burned them, put-

ting fresh ones in their stead. Often I

rwould find hundreds of the pests in one

of these rags and their bright red color

showed them to be full of blood. As it

is their habit to hide in daytime after

spending the night on the fowls. they

readily fell into these cloth traps, and by

burning these I was able to destroy thou-

sands of them. In fact I completely

cleaned them out and was soon able to

see a gratifying change not only in the

plumage and vigor of the hens them—

Selves but in the number of eggs yielded.



Wayne Co. J. P.





 





THE MOULTING OF FOWLS.



Once every twelve months birds of ev-



ery representation cast their feathers,

and our domestic poultry is no exception

to this natural rule. During the time

this moulting takes place, and while the

new feathers are being formed, the fowls

cannot be said to be actually sick, but

they are, nevertheless, passing through a

somewhat critical stage. When neglected

at this stage disastrous results occur, not

only in retarding the natural process, but

it does permanent injury to the fowls.

iThis is a time in the life of a fowl when

close observation is necessary.

I We often hear it stated that, since the

.moult is natural, the fowls will recover

naturally without extra care. The first

part of this statement is probably true,

and under fair conditions the fowls can

get through the period without the least

'harm to their health. but we must re-

member that domestic care has altered

the fowl in size, habits and fruitfulness.

It is quite often claimed by poultrymen

that in their management they are fol—

lowing nature. This is very well, and the

old statement that we cannot “better na-

ture” is sound in seme cases perhaps,

but it cannot be made to apply toa sav-

ing in poultry culture. It is usually the

moSt careless poultry keepers who carry

out this idea, and it will always be no-

ticed that the people who carry it out

do so because it entails less trouble to

themselves.



To secure st results from our poull-

try we must ouse and feed right, so that

their reserve force may be turned to an

increased egg yield. When fowls are al—

lowed to run at will, roosting in trees,

etc., this is hard to accomplish and they

show a tendency to revert, and return to

their wild nature; then we lose money

from our poultry when eggs are at the

beSt price. It is very important, there-

fore, that our hens receive special care

and attention at this critical time.



To get a hen to moult early is of the

utmost importance, and everything that

assists her is Worthy of being put into

practice. It is through the mode of feed-

ing that the moult may be hastened, so

that the new feathers may be fully form—

“ed before cold weather sets in, and in

Irecent years much has been said and

printed about the advisability of attempt—

ing to force fowls to shed their feathers

early in the Season, in the hope of in-

ducing them to lay earlier in the winter

than they would if allowed to follow their

natural habit. The way in which this

early moult can be secured is by starv-

ing the fowls for a few days; this causes

egg production to_ cease and the feathers

to loosen through lack of nourishing food.

Then the starvation period is followed by

liberal feeding of rich, feather-making

and egg-producing rations, whicn is sup-

posed to force a uniform, rapid and early

moult to be followed by heavy. early-

winter laying. -



Some of us who have tried "forcing





THE MICHIGAN FAIRMER





the moult” favor! it: others are condemn-

ing it. My opinion as to what causes

this wide difference of opinion is that the

experiment has been tried on different

aged fowls. From my own experience,

which is all I can present here, I advise

letting nature alone but assisting your

fowls in attention.



The temperature of a hen when moult-

ing is high, and it is better if cooling

foods be given in order to allay her fev-

erish condition. Green food and plenty

of clean, cool water fulfills this purpose.

and she can consume large quantities of

this food without_ becoming too fat. A

hen that is fat hangs in the moult much

IOnger than one that is rather' lean.



Now this food must not be reduced in

quantity to secure a reduction 0f fat, for

the fowl's strength must be sustained to

carry her through this trying period.

Foods strong in the formation of feath-

ers and strengthening to the body are

essential, while all fattening foods must

be avoided. If possible allow free range

during the moulting period. Where this

is 'possible they can balance their own

ration much better than we can for

them.



A good plan is to have a dry mash of

bran and linseed meal before them at all

times. Add some beef scrap, unless bugs

are plentiful. Another food that will take

the place of beef scrap is sour milk or

buttermilk for either makes long, glossy

feathers and keeps fowls healthy. I have

found buttermilk to be the best health

restorative you can produce.



I also wish to say that a lousy hcn

cannot molt rapidly and perfectly. I dip

my poultry four times each year at least

and more if needed; it keeps the skin

healthy, the legs free from scale, and also

aids moulting. I use any stock dip ad—

vertised in this paper, and have the wat-

er warm, putting enough dip in the wat-

er to make it almost milk-white. I then

take the fowl by the wings with my right

hand and hold the head in my left hand;

by so doing she cannot struggle much.

Hold in the liquid until the feathers are

soaked, let loose of wings and, with right

hand, loosen the feathers while under the

liquid so it can get to all parts of the

body except the head. In about two

weeks repeat this operation and you can

rest assured you have the lice conquered

for some time. Don't think such work

useless, for your next winter’s show

fowls and eggs will more than repay you

for the trouble.



Livingston Co. W. B. OPDYCKE.





 





UNTHRESHED GRAIN FOR POULTRY!





.-xlmos. everyone who has tried to keep‘





poultry profitably knows that it pays well

for time and trouble spent to store away





a small amount of unthrcshed grain for‘





winter use. It is well known by all poul-

try keepers that lt is the busy hen that

lays the eggs, hence they should always

be made to work for at least a part of

their food in winter as well as in sum-

mer. Vi'heat, rye and Cats are all excel-

lent for poultry. Oats are probably the

best for feeding in the unthreshed form,

as the fowls will have to work the oats

out of the straw, and they are not liable

to glut themselves on the coarse sharp

out-hull. As outs have a stimulating ef-

fect on egg production. they are espec-

ially useful in the winter ration.



At least enough unthreshed grain

should be stored away to furnish the

poultry with one good—sized bundle daily

for each 30 to 40 hens kept. The un—

threshed grain should be kept under cov-

er, so as not to get wet, as disease may

attack the hens if compelled to scratch

in the damp and Wet straw. In the ab-

sence of a suitable shed for keeping the

unthreshed grain, it may be piled up in

a small stack out of doors and covered

well with canvas, fodder Or marsh hay.



Minnesota. L. O.





 





 





CARE OF LATE-HATCHED CHICKS.





 





Most all of us have a few, or many,

late—hatched chicks which must have

exacting care if they are to amount to

anything. They should be kept separate

from the mature stock and early chicks;

also free from vermin of any kind. Wat-

er, grit and plenty of Wholesome food are.

of course, required. Disinfect their coops

twice a. week and clean them just as

often or oftener. Allow them free range

if possible, in an orchard or corn field.

preferably the former. Feed liberally of

some kind’of animal food to induce

quicker growth. I have found the four

most essential factors in successful rear-

ing of late chicks :to be shade, cleanli-

ness, range and water.



New York. F. W. anummn.





 





 





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‘7. IC‘E‘ t’\‘

'- . "m





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At

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o r C a r b o n -

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Thirst-Quenching





Demand the Genuine—

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3—A





 

 





 

 





 





   

   

   





Send for Free Booklet.





THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, ATLANTA, GA.





 





 





 





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R PRATTS rowpnnen LlCE mum



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Each the best. of its kind

“Your money back if it fails"

160—page poultry book 4c by mail

I ll Get Pratt; Proflt- whoring Booklet

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. PRATT FOOD COMPANY 8

Philadelphia Chicago





-I-I>zI





 





 





YOUR MONEY»: w'“ 5%





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The Industrial Savings Society,





19 Hammond Bidet. Detroit. Mich.

I. ROY WATERBUHY. Pres AUSTINN KIMMIS Secv,





 





 





 





 





 





 





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You Can Depend Upon

Advertised Goods.





It‘s a pretty good rule to keep

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those articles wherever you find





___j





Chairs arrays...

N ,-





hunting-demo.





 





 





 





 

 





 

 





 





 





BARRED ROCK EGGS, $1 FOR 15.





W. O. OOFFMAN. .No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mng





 





EGGS—Barred Rock. WhiteWyandotte.SilverSpangled

HamburgeELifizht Brahma. 81 setting 81.50tvvo





settings. Mrs BISHOP. Lake Odessa. Mich.





b t l

Eggaday Barred Rocks, 1.293. mimiylfiefif’

$1. 50 per 15, Eggadny Poultry Ranch. Marshall, Mich.





 





 





RYSTALWHITEORPINGTONS« Excellentlaying

C strain. eggs at half price. Breeding stock at

greatly reduced when after May lat. Matinglist. MRS.

WILLIS HOUG .Pine Crest Farm Royal Oak. Mich.





‘ ‘ ' Barred Rock, R. l. Redo. Mam-

Pnze Winn‘ng moth Pekin and I. Runner ducks.

Stock for sale. E3 881. $2. $3. per set. Utility 85 per-.100.

EMWOOD FAR , R. B. No. 13, Grand Rapids. Mich.





 





 





OLUMBIA Wynndottes. Winnersat Chicago.Grand

CR Rapids South Bend and St Jose h. Stock and eggs,

RICHARD SAWYER. Benton





arbor, Michigan.





SINGLE 60MB BLACK MINGRCA EGGS

at. $1.50 per setting. R. W. MILLS. Saline, Mich.

s. c. R. [2:52:12 garages”





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INGLETS BARRED ROCKS—Birds of (yiality and

size. Cock weighs 11 lbs. and cockerels that head

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LILLIE FARI’ISTEAD POULTRY





B. P.Books.RI Beds. and B. O.W. Lofhom on



for sale. ME for Shfi for $150 50 fo 250

COLON C.L1LLIE. Coopeuville. Mich.



SILVER LAOED. golden and whiteW yandottes. Eggs





for hatching at reasonable prices. send for circular.

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WHlTE LEGHORNS exifikgfiigff‘iigckgffii:





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ll. 0. II. |. RED EGGS,$1.50PEH15. POSTPMD.





BUELL BROS“ Ann Arbor. Michigan.





Whit: WyandofloS‘i'SmJ” “1‘51? 395.153?“ .233”.

February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor. ioh.





 





 





 





 





 





DOGS.





HBUIDS FOB HUNIIIEL 1“" “owns???" FERRET:





SendZo stamp. EOKY. Holmecville, Ohio





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





of the boat English strain- in Ameri-

ca: 40 years ex orienoo in breeding

these fine hound”! for my on sport

1 now offer them for sole.

datum) foi- Cats

1'. I. MUMPS". Sibley, Julian (30.. In.





 





When writing to advertisers please

mention The Michigan Farmer.
1.

I

if

i

i

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unmummmmnmlmlw





“ 14—14.





THE MICHIGAN F‘ARM'E‘R“





JULY ’5, .1913.





 





nIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIII|||Illll|I|I|IlllIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIE

Markets.

ElllllllllllIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl|l|l|||I|II|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIlHiIIIIIIIIIIIE





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





July 2, 1913.



Wheat—The direction of wheat prices

continue downward, while the condition

of the market and the growing crop are

substantially the same as they were one

Week ago. Additional rains in the sec-

tions where they are likely to do the

most good, have fallen and the effect has

been to cause dealers to act a .little more

cautiously on the buying side. It is prob-

able that the total of the winterwheat

crop will not be changed materially by

weather conditions unless it be to affect

harvesting and threshing, but the spring

wheat is at a critical period of its growth

and should ample rains fail to overcome

the drouthy conditions that have pre-

vailed the yield will be improved consid-





 





erably. To a small degree this has been

the situation the past week. European

conditions are also bearish. Favorable





weather has prevailed over practically all





-of the wheat producing sections of that





continent. Roumania alone is the com-

plaining country and she has too much

moisture to successfully mature a max-

imum crop. Millers report a good de-

mand for flour and they have been buy-

ing a fair volume of wheat. One year

the price of No. 2 red wheat on the

local market was $1.12 per bu. Quota-

tions for the past week are as follows;

No.2 No 1





Red. \Yhite. July. Sept.

Thursday . .. . 1.03 1.02 9114 92%,

Friday .......1.03 1.02 92 92%





Saturday .....1.02% 1.01%, 91%, 921/;





Monday . . . . . .1.0254 1.0114 90%. 911/2

TueSday . . . . .1.01 1.00 90 911/2

Wednesday . .1.00 99 901/2 921/4



Chicago, (July 1).—No. 2 red wheat,





93@96c; No. 3 red, 90@93c; July, 89%c;

Sept, 89%c; Dec., 9264c per bu.



Germ—The tone of this deal has con-

tinued steady to a fraction higher with

the closing figures given in last week’s

issue. At present there is a very liberal

use of this cereal which is acting to pre-

vent the reduction of prices and is ac-

tually keeping them steady to higher uno

der the pressure of improved crop con-

ditions. Rains have occurred in many of

the principal corn districts which, to-

gether with the warm weather prevail-

ing, has benefited the crop wonderfully

the past week or ten days. Large de-

liveries to fill July contracts have also

militated against the bullish influence of

a. large consumption. One year ago the

price on the Detroit market was 76%,c

per bu. for No. 3 corn. Quotations for

the past week are as follows:





No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellow

ThurSday 60% 62%

Friday 61% 63%

Saturday ....... 61% 63%,

Monday . ................ . 61%, 62%

Tuesday ............... . . . 60% 62%

Wednesday 61%, 631/4.





Chicago, (July 1).—N0, 2 corn, 60%@

611/;c; No. 2 white, 62@63%c; July, 601/8c;

Sept, 6164c; Dec., 58%c per bu. ,



Oats.—While quotations for oats have

fluctuated the values on Tuesday were

the same as two Weeks ago and showed

that the decline of last week has been

fully recovered. Moisture has improved

the crop but a liberal use of grain has

overcome the influence of the better crop

prospect and added strength to the trade.

One year ago the price at Detroit was

55%c for standard oats. Quotations for

the past week are:





No.8



Standard. White.



Thursday 43 42

Friday 44 43

Saturday 441/, 43%

Monday 441/2‘ 43%

Tuesday ........ . ....... .. 44 43

Wednesday 44 43

Chicago. (July 1).-—-No. 2 oats, 33%@

38640; standard oats, 411460420; July,





, 40%0; Sept., 421/,c; Dec., 43%0 per bu.





Beans.——Dealers on the local market

have accomplished nothing in the way

of contracting for beans the past week.

The bearish sentiment still pervades the

trade, with supplies ample and demand

ordinary. From crop reports over Mich-

igan it appears that the acreage planted

this spring will be about the same as

that of a year ago. The nominal quota-

tion for immediate and prompt shipment

is $2.05 and for August $2.10 per bu.



Chicago, (July 1).—Values remain un-

changed and trading is practically at a

standStill. Pea beans, hand-picked. fancy

are $2.35; choice, $2.50; prime, $2.20; red

kidneys, $2; white kidneys, $2.50 per bu.



Rye.———This market is very slow with

quotations unchanged. Cash No. 2 is

quoted at 64c per bu. The Chicago trade

is practically the same with No. 2 quot-

ed at 61@62%c per bu,



Barley.——There is a slight reduction in

barley values at both Chicago and Mil-

waukee..the range at the former point

being 50@65c and at Milwaukee 57@65c,

according to grade.



Clover Seed—A small advance is noted

in the Toledo market over the quotations

of last week. Detroit seed is now quot-

ed at $8.20 and Dec. at $8.20. Alsike also

shows improvement with Oct. quoted at

$8.95 and Dec. $9.



Timothy Seed.—-Both cash and Sep-

tember seed are lower. the former being

$2.35 and the latter $2.45 per bu.





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Florin—Jobbing lots in IA paper sacks

are‘sellinz‘on ’the Detroit market not 196

lbs. as follow“; Best patent, $5.70; sec-





ond, $5.20; straight, $5; spring patent.

$5.10: rye flour, $4.60 per bbl.

Pooch—Detroit jobbing prices in 100-

. sacks are as follows: Bran, $21;

coarse middlings, $21; fine middlings, $27;

cracked corn, $26; coarse corn meal,

$22.50; corn and oat chop, $21 per ton.

Hays—Values for old hay are still low-

er with dealing draggy. Carlots on the

track at Detroit are: No. 1 timothy,

$14@14.50; No. 2, $11@12; light mixed,

$12_50@13;, No. 1 mixed,_ $11@12.

Chicago—Market firm at lower values.

Movement is rather slow. Choice timothy,

$15.50@16 per ton,‘ No. 1, $13.’50@14.50;

No. 2, $11@12; No. 3 and clover mixed,

$86011; clover, $8@12; alfalfa, $14@17.

Straw.—Steady. Carlot prices on wheat

and oat straw on Detroit market are $8

8.50 per ton. rye straw, $9@10 per ton.

Chicago.———Steady. Rye straw, $8@9; oat

$6@7;‘ wheat, $5.50@6 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





5-





 





Butter.—Values are materially lower ev-

erywhere, liberal offerings and an indif-

ferent demand being factors. Elgin fol-

lowed up last week’s fractional loss with

a drop of a full cent on Monday. Local-

ly all kinds have declined, creameries go-

ing off 11,40, while dairy and packing

goods are 10 lower. Detroit Jobbing

prices as follows: Fancy creamery, 26c;

firsts, 241/20; dairy, 21c; packing stock,

190 per lb.



Elgin—Market steady at 26%c.



Chicago—All kinds in ample supply

except extra qualities, the hot weather

causing many of the receipts to miss the

top grade. The unsettled, indifferent feel-

ing which pervades this market is send-

ing a portion of each day’s receipts into

storage and giving the market an under-

tone of weakness. Quotations are: Ex-

tra' creamery, 26c; extra firsts, 25647251/2c;

firsts, 241/30; seconds, 2360231/20; dairy ex-

tras, 25c; firsts, 24c; seconds, 22c; pack-

ing stock, 12@21c as to quality.



New York—The decline here has been

fully as marked as at other points but

the market is reported firm at the lower

range. Quotations: Creamery extras,

261/2c; firsts, 251/2@26c; seconds, 24%6025c;





state dairy, finest, 251/2@26c; good to

prime, 24@25c; common to fair, 22@





231/2c; packing, 19@210 as to quality.



Eggs.-—~Prices in the local market show

another loss, due largely to the extreme-

ly variable quality of offerings at this

season. Current offerings, candled, be-

ing quoted at 171,420 per dozen.



Chicago—A slight widening of quota-

tions on some grades is-about the only

change in this market. Quality is the

ruling consideration at this season and

receipts that pass muster sell readily at

outside figures. Miscellaneous receipts,

cases included, are quoted at 15%6817c;

(10., cases returned, 1560161/2c; ordinary

firsts, 16@161,§c; firsts, 17%@17%c; stor-

age packed, firSts, 186i‘181/2c'per dozen.



New York—Receipts here are running

considerably ahead of this time last year

and the market continues unsettled and

irregular. Fresh gathered extras, 22@

24c; western gathered, whites, 20@24c

per dozen.



Poultry.——Offerings continue liberal but

the demand has held the market steady,

a 1c drop in broilers being the only

change. Quotations are: Live—Broilers,

246025c; hens, 1556673160; No. 2 hens, 12

6313c; old roosters, 11@12c; turkeys, 17@

18c; geese, 12@l3c; ducks, 1563160 per lb.



Chicago—Fowls and spring chickens

quoted lower, due to increasing receipts

of mediocre quality. Selected, uniform

stock commands some premium over the

quoted prices. Quotations on live are:

Turkeys, good weight, 17c: others, 12c;

f0wls, good, 140; spring chickens, 250;

ducks, 11@12c; geese, 7@90; guinea hens

$4 per dozen.



Cheese.-—Steady. Wholesale lots, Mich-

igan flats, 1414@14%c; New York flats,

15%@16c; brick! cream, 1414@15o; limbur-

ger. 14%@15%c.



VeaI.——Little doing: quotations largely

nominal. Fancy, 131/2@14c; common,

10@11c.



Chicago—Receipts so badly out of con-

dition on arrival that not enough business

is being done to establish a market.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES."





 





Apples.—Supplles are scarce and values

firm. Old apples are practically gone.

Detroit quotations are: Fancy, $5@6;

ordinary. $36134 per bbl.



Raspberries—Firm with offerings light.

Red, $6.50 per 24-qt. case.



Strawberries.—Market about over, with

remnant of crop going at $4604.50 per bu.



Cherries—Fair supply at $3.25@3.50 per

busheL



Potatoes.——The cleaning up of the old

crop was a disastrous one to those hav-

ing tubers on hand. The new crop is

now taking the place of the 1912 harvest

with values at about $2.50@2.60 per bbl.





WOOL.





 





Boston—Increased sales have given the

wool trade added impetus this past week

and while the present contracts do not

show a large volume of business for the

season, they. seem to point to further im-

provement Producers in Michigan and

Ohio who still have their wool on hand

are holding for 20c for mediums with the

outlook favorable for getting it. In the

west growers are advancing their prices

and dealers are also asking more from

brokers and manufacturers. The sales

at Boston amounted to 1.117.000 lbs. for

last week, against a total of 940,000 lbs.

for the previous week and 3,710,000 lbs.

for the corresponding period a year ago.





 





 





GRAND RAPIDS. ,





Jobbers are paying the country trade

220 for N0. 1 dairy butter, and 17c for

fresh eggs, delivered in Grand Rapids. In





 





.live poultry, broilers are quoted at 18@

22c; fowls and springs at 12@13c. .Veal

is worth 8@10c. The city market reports

300 loads of produce Tuesday morning,

including 75 loads of strawberries, which

sold at $1.75@2.65 per crate, and 50

loads of cherries, sours bringing $1 and

sWeet $1.75@2. Red raSpberries are com-

ing, first offerings selling at $2.75 per

crate, gooseberries $1.~ First summer

squash of the season was brought in by

K. DeHaan, of Paris township, and sold

at 2c per lb. Peas are worth $1.75 per

bu. Grain prices are as follows: Wheat,

97c; oats, 430; corn, 650; beans, $1.60.





DETROIT—RETAIL QUOTATIONS.





 





Eastern Market—There was a brisk

market Tuesday so long as the produce

lasted, but that was unusually short since

buyers were plentiful and supplies com-

paratively few. With the exception of

potatoes the offerings were disposed of at

fairy satisfactory values. Strawberries

are nearly gone and the quality of those

now on the market is very inferior; but

they are going at $2.25@2.75 per 24—qt.

crate. Potatoes are draggy at 40c per

bu. for the best. Lettuce is bringing

25c per bu; peas, $1.25; radishes plentiful

at 3 bunches for 10c; beets 3 bunches

25c; carrots, do, 25c; currants, $3 per

24-(1t. case. Loose hay $136316 per ton.





THE LIVE STOCKJ MARKETS.

Buffalo.

June ‘30, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 175 loads; hogs. 70 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 7 double decks; calves,

1400 head.



VVlth 175 loads of cattle on our market

here today, and Chicago reporting 19,000

and lower, with excessively hot weather

and a dull beef trade. the dry-fed cattle

all sold from 10@150 per cwt. lower than

last week, quality considered. Of course,

we sold quite a number of loads of cat-

tle today for $9 per cwt., but they were

fully 10@15c per cwt. better than the

cattle that brought the same price here

last week. Cattle weighing from 1200

down sold fully 1562250 per cwt. lower

than last week, as did cows, heifers, bulls

and in many instances the common

grassy kinds sold fully 50c per cwt. lower

and very draggy, and at the close of the

market there is at least 30 loads of cat-

tle unsold.



We quote: Best 1350 to 1500-lb. steers,

dry-fed, 18.756i'9; good to prime 1200 to

1300-lb. do., $8.406_08.65; gOOd to prime

1100 to 1200-lb. (10., 5681561840; coarse

and plain weighty steers, dry-fed, $7.65@

7.90; good to choice handy dry-fed steers

$8608.25; good to choice handy steers.

grassy kind, $7.40@7.60; medium butcher

steers, grassy kind, $7@7.25; dry-fed

steers and heifers, mixed, $780658; light

common grassy steers and heifer, $6.50@

6.75; best fat cows, dry-fed, $6.50@7; do.

grassy, $5.50fl6; good butcher cows, $5.50

@6; light butcher cows, $450605; trim-

mers. $4@4.25; best fat heifers, dry-fed.

$775628; medium butcher heifers, grassy

$650627; light and common grassy heif-

ers, $6636.25; stock heifers, $5@5.50; best

feeding steers, dehorned, $7607.25; light

and common stockers, $6626.50; best

butcher bulls, $625607; bologna bulls, $6

606.50; stock bulls, $5.25@5.50; best milk-

ers and springers, $50@70; common kind

do, $356045.



Receipts of hogs today 70 double decks.

Demand was fairly good and the prices

5@10c higher on the best grades. while

pigs and lights sold from 10@20c higher.

Yorkers, mixed and medium selling at

$9.15 generally; pigs and lights, $9.156?

9.25; roughS, $750638; stags, $6.50@7.25:

market closed about steady, everything

sod.



Sheep and lambs market active today:

prices about steady on sheep. and half

higher on lambs; choice handy yearling

lambs selling $6606.50; spring lambs, $8

@8.50; look for about steady prices the

balance of week.



\Ve quote: Choice spring lambs, $8@

8.50: cull to fair d0., $6627.75: yearling

lambs, $66D6.50; bucks, $3633.50; wethers,

$5625.25; handy ewes, $4624.50; heavy do.

$3.75@4; cull sheep. $2.506D3.25; veals,

choice to extra, $9.75@10; fair to good,

$7@9.50; heavy calves, $4.50@6.





 





Chicago.

June 30, 1913.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...... 19.000 40.000 24,000

Same day last year..20,661 42,429 21,310





Received last week..39.960 142.407 62,923

Same week last year.46.444 137.248 100.693



Although this week opens with a small

supply of cattle for Monday, the gen-

eral demand is so poor that up to a late

hour scarcely anything had been done in

disposing of the steers, and the market

was called weak to lower, largely on a

guess. Hogs were active at steady

prices, and there was a reported sale of

part of a car load of prime hogs at $8.85.

Hogs marketed last week averaged 242

lbs., compared with 248 lbs. a fortnight

ago, 238 lbs. one year ago, 235 lbs. two

years ago and 240 lbs. three years ago.

The market was overstocked with live

muttons, including some 5,000 head of

range spring lambs from Idaho and year-

lings from Oregon. The lambs were not

first-class, though good for the opening

of the season, and up to a late hour they

were unsold. The general market was

materially lower. witlrtlie best spring

lambs selling at $7.25, compared with

$7.50 last Saturday. and everything else

in the sheep and fed lamb line- showing

similar reductions.



Cattle were slow to advance last week.

as the packers had taken advantage dur-

ing the previous week of the slump in

prices resulting from the exceptionally

large receipts to store away plenty of

cheapened beef in their coolers. Conse-





quently the greatly lessened offerings fail-

ed to sell much higher, and even " the

light runs on Monday and Wednesday

‘sold only a little higher, plenty-of the

Monday offerings failing, to show any ad-

vance. The bulk of the beef steers sold

during the week at a range of $7.80@

8.80, the receipts running more largely to

grassy lots than heretofore, and the com-

moner light-weight steers going at $7.10@

8. while the best heavy beeves brought

$8.65@9, the top comparing with $9.20 for

the preceding Week. Medium steers

brought $8.10@8.35 and good lots $8.40@

8.60, with medium to prime little year-

ling steers taken at $8638.85. As usual,

fat butcher cattle were apt to show the

most animation and firmness. and cows

and heifers found buyers at $5@8.60,

while cutters brought $4.40@4.95, canners

$3.50@4.35, and bulls $5.25@7.60. In ad-

dition to the dearness .of beef, the de-

mand for cattle had to contend against

the extreme heat, and it is Well known

that in hot weather people eat less meats

and more vegetables, berries and fruits,

as well as eggs, now abundant and low

in price. After the recent increased an-

imation in the stocker and feeder branch

of the market, the movement in these

cattle looked meager last week, this be-

ing due altogether to the limited receipts

and the stiff advance in prices for de-

sirable kinds, for the desire to buy was

not perceptibly diminished. For stockers

buyers paid $5.50@8, but very few went

near the top, while weighty feeders

brought $6.75@8.10. Calves advanced un-

der the moderate offerings, selling at $5@

9.50, according to weight and quality.

Milch cows sold only fairly at $50@100

each. Late in the week beef cattle weak-

ened and closed 10@20c lower than a.

week ago. .



Hogs developed a firm undertone last





week under the influence of an excellent '





demand, Vand rallies followed breaks in

prices, With speculators taking a hand on





several days. Every hog was wanted,

but the best demand was for choice

butcher weights, these selling largely





higher than the best light Weights, while

rough, heavy packing hogs sold lowest of

all. Hogs are the most profitable of all

farm products still, selling far higher than

in other summers, 1910 excepted, and

there are no indications that they will

cease to commond high figures for months

to come. The packers are in control of

the provision market, ,. and predictions

have been made that hogs will go much

higher and that provisions will also move

decidedly higher during the last half of

the year. Patrick Cudahy. the Milwau-

kee packer, has placed himSelf on rec-

ord as predicting that hogs will bring $10

per 100 lbs. by August. Hot weather al-

ways lessens the consumption of fresh

pork, and it also tends to check the cash

sales of cured hog products, but stocks

in western warehouses remain much be-

low normal. Hogs average well in qual-

ity, and they also average heavier than

at corresponding dates one and two years

ago. In spite of the increased receipts

of hogs last week, prices closed Saturday

at $8.30@8.80, or about the same as a.

week earlier, with stags selling at $8.80@

9.20, boars at $3.506v4.75 and pigs at $7.25

@870, while throwout packing sows

brought $7.85@8.25.



Sheep and lambs had such a tremen-

dous collapse in prices week before last

that _it was a foregone conclusion that

supplies would immediately undergo a.

marked falling off. Very much smaller

numbers were shipped in from all direc-

tions, and prices experienced as pro-

nounced advances all along the line as

the previous declines. Spring lambs made

up an extremely large proportion of the

offerings, and the big packing plants re-

ceived a liberal share of the springs, these

being consigned direct from their Louis-

vdle buyers. Last year’s fed lambs, as

Well as ewes, were in moderate supply

and shared in the advances. During the

first four days last Week spring lambs

advanced from $1 to $1.50 per 100 lbs. and

sheep 506D75c, with the best lambs going

at $8.75@9, but the following day buyers

smashed prices, spring lambs going at

$525608, fed lambs at $5.25@7.25, wethers

at $5@5.75, ewes at $3@5 and bucks at

$3634, while prices were still lower Sat-

urday.



Horses were in the usual light mid-

summer demand last week, with no large

attendance of buyers from other places,

and sales were mainly restricted to horses

showing harness marks and offered

around $200@250 per head, a few selling

around $275. The best class of extra

heavy drafters ruled largely nominal at

$300@350 inhthe absence of offerings. The

commoner orses were uo

$85@125. q ted slow at





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





There is a growing demand in the Chi-

cago market for feeding lambs, many

farmers in Michigan wanting lambs for

grazing, and the moderate offerings sell

readily for $5@5.50 per 100 lbs. The in—

quiry fOr breeding ewes is not yet very

large, a few lots having changed owner-

ship within a short time at $3623.50 per

100 lbs.



There is a variable demand in the Chi-

cago market for stocker and feeder cat-

tle, depending upon whether prices hap-

pen to be up or down. The country de-

mand comes largely from Indiana and

Ohio. with a fair demand from Michigan

farmer-stookmen for well-bred light

Steers. Intending buyers will find that

time and frequently money are saved by

placing orders with some high-class com-

mission firm, stating the kind of cattle

wanted and the price limit, for the fre-

quent changes in the market cannot be

closely followed except by men on the

spot all the time. Besides, the stocker

and feeder business is largely in the

hands of speculators, and a country buy-

er has to be mighty sharp to make as

good terms as can be made by a com-

mission firm that knows every trader and

understands, the business thoroughly.
I





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





JUL} 5.1913.





r





HIS IS THE LAQT EDITION.





In the first edition the Detroit. Live

Stock Markets are reports of last week;





all other markets are right up to date.





Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday's

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Thursday’s Market.

July 3, 1913.

Cattle.





Receipts, 785. Market active at Wed-

nesday’s and last Week’s prices on all

grades.



We quote: Best dry-fed steers and

heifers, $8@8.25; steers and heifers, 1000

to 1200, $7.50@7.75;_ do. 800 to 1000. $7@

7.25; grass steers and heifers that are

fat, 800 to 1000. $6@7; do. 500 to 700.

$5@6; choice fat cows, $6.25@6.50; good

fat cows, $5.75@6; common cows, $4.75@

5; canners, $3.75@4.25; choice heavy

bulls, $6.50; fair to good bolognas, bulls,

$6@6.25; choice feeding >teers. 800 to

1000, $6.75@7; fair do., 800 to 1000, $6@

6.50; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6.50@7;

fair do.,’ 500 to 700, $5.50@6; milkers,

large, young, medium age, $50@70; com-

mon milkers, $35@45.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 8

heifers av 810 at $7; to Boyer 5 stockers

av 500 at $7; to Bresnahan 1 cow weigh-

ing 1070 at $5.50, 1 do weighing 1140 at

$5.25, 7 heifers av 667 at $5.70; to Brei-

tenbeck 5 cows av 1012 at $4.85; to

Bower 23 Stockers av 475 at $5.75: to

Schuman 3 butchers av 920 at $6.75, 8

cows av 1046 at $5.20; to Breitenbeck 11

butchers av 922 at $7.35; to Stahlem 2

do av 895 at $5.60. 1 bull weighing 620

at $5.50; to Rattkowsky 1 do weighing

1000 at $5.50, 1 do weighing 560 at $5,

cows av 980 at $5.10; to Bresnahan

heifers av 735 at $6: to Land 11 feeders

av 710 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co. 8 heifers

av 715 at $6; to Bresnahan 6 butchers

av 1120 at $5.85, 6 do av 970 at $7.35; to

Mason B. Co. 2 cows av 950 at $6, 2 do

av 1040 at $6.25, 2 do av 775 at $5.50, 2

do. av 860 at $5, 2 heifers av 525 at

$6.25, 3 steers av 887 at $7.35. 5 do-av

790 at $5.50, 1 bull weighing 650 at $5.80.

5 steers av 926 at $7.15, 2 do av 690 at

$6.10.



Sandall sold Kendall

535 at $6.25. ‘



Same sold Kull 8 butchers av 794 at

$6.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 3 cows av 917 at $6, 1 bull weighing

1250 at $6.25, 4 do av 1100 at $6.35; to

Parker, W. & Co, 5 do av 1200 ct $6.25,

3 do av 1050 at $6.25, 2 cows av 1065 at

$5, 2 do av 1000 at $5.50. 2 do av 1095 at

$5.50. 1 do weighing 1120 at $6, 1 bull

weighing 730 at $5.50. 2 canners av 825

at $4.25, 1 cow weighing 1000 at $5, 8

cows av 962 at $5; to Bresnahan 2 bulls

av 470 at $4.50, 7 butchers av 644 at

$5.50; to Boyer 1 heifer weighing 480 at

$5.50, 3 bulls av 457 at $5; to Kull 2

butchers av 660 at $6, 9 do av 820 at

$6.75; to Norey 13' cows av 740 at $5.50;

to Parker, W. & C0. 2 bulls av 870 at

$6; to Kamman B. Co. 13 steers av 905

at $7.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull

weighing 1150 at $6.25; to Schumaker 5

stockers av 740 at $6.10. 1 bull weighing





18 stockers av





680 at $5; to Kamman B. Co. 3 butchers

av 971 at $7, 3 COWS av 1150 at $6; to

Cooke 10 steers av 954 at $7.25; to Kam-





man B. Co, 7 butchers av 764 at $6.50;

to Parker, 15". & Co. 2 cows av 960 at

$4; to Marx 1 steer Weighing 880 at

$6.50, 3 do av 777 at $6; to Breitenbeck

3 steers av 853 at $5; to Bresnahan 3

heifers av 647 at $5.50; td Mich. B. CO.

1 cow weighing 1180 at $5. 1 do weigh-

ing 1220 at $6, 4 do av 1087 at $5.50; to

Sullivan P. Co. 3 cows av 1227 at $6; to

Hammond, S, & Co. 4 heifers av 810

at $7.



Roe Com. Co. sold Kull 1 cow weigh-

ing 740 at $4.75, 2 do av 800 at $5.50, 5

do av 888 at $5.35. 2 heifers av 685 at

$6.50, 2 COWS av 900 at $6; to Kendall 7

stockers av 671 at $6.25; to Goodwin 3

cows av 943 at $5, 1 do weighing 1000 at

$4.25; to Newton B. Co. 4 heifers av 760

at $6.50; to Goose 9 butchers av 501 at

$5.25; to Nancy 3 cows av 863 at $4.25;

to Kamman B. Co. 21 steers av 828 at

$6.60, 1 do weighing 840 at $7.25: to

Bresnahan 2 canners av 870 at $3.50, 4

do av 705 at $4, 9 butchers av 566 at

$5.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 3 do av 740 at

$5.75, 1 cow weighing 1180 at $4.25: to

Mich. B. Co. 11 steers av 1275 at $8, 1

bull weighing 1700 at $6.75, 10 steers av

1146 at $8. 2 do av 915 at $7; to Nancy

7 bulls av 601 at $5.25; to Newton B. Co.

2 cows av 875 at $4, 4 do av 990 at $6.25;

to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull weighing 1020

at $6.25, 1 cow weighing 960 at $5, 2

steers av 940 at $7.25, 2 cows av 1245

at $6.10.



Spicer 8.: R. sold Boyer 5 stockers av

454 at $5.75; to Kull 2 cows av 910 at

$5.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 3 butchers

av 710 at $6.60, 1 bull weighing 1120 at





$6.60, 4 butchers av 1005 at $7, 1 heifer"





weighing 730 at $6, 3 steers av 970 at

$7, 2 do av 570 at $6; to Bray 1 do

weighing 660 at.$6; to Nancy 6 cows av

861 at $4.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 7 butch-

ers av 764 at $6. 3 cows av 880 at $4.75.

6 do av970 at $5.25: to Boyer 7 stockers

av 367 at $5.75, 1 bull weighing 750 at

$5.50.

Veal Calves.





Receipts, 856. Market 25c lower than

Wednesday. Best. $10; others, $6@9.50.



Spicer & R. sold Ronick 11 av 145 at

$9.15; to Goose 21 av, 150 at $9.30; to

Burnstine 1' weighing 110 at $8. 3 av 160

at $10, 4 av 150 at $10, 15 av 155 at $10;

to Applebaum 7 av 250 at $6.50, 10 av

188 at $9; to Parker, W. & Co. 1 Weigh-

ing 270 at $7. 8 av 160 at $10; to Mich.

B. Co. 3 av 160 at 87. I4 av-IBO’ at 39+





4 av 90 at $4





V t





 

 





r





.THE MICHIGAN FARMER





to Sullivan P. Co. 10 av 175 at $5, 15 av

145 at $7.25. \



ROe Com. Co, sold Sullivan P. Co. 11

av 160 at $9.50, 14 av 150 at $9.50, 5 av

165 at $7, 5 av 165 at $10; to Mich. B.

Co. 6 av 120 at $9; to Bariage 3 av 140

at $8. 9 av 145 at $10; to Mich. B. Co.

6 av 155 at $10, 13 av 160 at $10.



Sandall sold Parker, W. & Co.

185 at $7.75.



Sandall sold Kull 7 av 145 at $9.50.



Haley 8r. M. sold Goose 2 av 200 at

$7.25, 8 av 155 at $10; to Parker, W. &





24 av





'00. 10 av 162 at $9.75, 15 av 150 at $9.50,





18 av 140 at $10; to Newton B. Co. 13

av 160 at $10. 9 av 150 at $9.50; to Mc-

Guire 6 av 160 at $9.75.



Waterman sold Newton B. Co.

175 at $9.75.



Weeks sold Rattkowsky 10 av 150 at

$9.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Burnstine 7 av

165 at $10.25, 6 av 160 at $10; to Parker.

W. & Co. 16 av 155 at $10, 19 av 160 at

$10, 20 av 145 at $9.25, 18 av 150 at $8.50.

6 av 190 at $7; to Goose 4 av 140 at

$10.25; to Applebaum 17 av 145 at $8.50;

to Thompson Bros. 17 av 150 at $10, 3

av 125 at $8.50, 3 av 165 at $9.50, 2 av

250 av $7.50; to McGuire 6 av 175 at

$9.50, 3 av 130 at $8, 14 av 160 at $10; to

Mich. B. Co. 11 av 145 at $9.75.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 887. Market strong at VVed-

nesday's or last week’s prices; quality

very common. Best lambs, $7.50@8; fair





13 av





lambs. $5.50@6; light to common lambs.

$4.50@5; yearlings, $4@6; fair to good

sheep, $3.50@4; culls and common, $2





@250; heavy fat eWes, $3.25@3.50.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Varso 18 lambs

av 68 at $8; to Sullivan P. Co. 30 do av

67 at $7.75, 4 sheep av 130 at $3.50, 6 do

av 88 at $5, 5 do av 155 at $2.75, 11 do av

70 at $4; to Thompson Bros. 22 lambs av

70 at $7.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 14

do av 67 at $7.75, 28 do av 70 at $7.75.

Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

11 lambs av 70 at $7.75; to Sullivan P.

Co. 12 yearlings av 85 at $6, 50 lambs av





58 at $7.25; to Newton B. Co. 17 do av

55 at $7.50, 16*yearlings av 90 at $5.

Sandall sold Sullivan P, Co. 12 sheep





Spicer & R. sold Newton B. Co. 6

yearlings av 105 at $5, 38 lambs av 70

at $7.50, 4 do av 50 at $7; to Sullivan l".

Co. 41 do av 65 at $7.25; to Mich. B. Co.

42 do av 68 at $7.50.





Hogs.

Receipts, 3108. None sold up to noon;

prospects 15c higher than on \Vednesday.

Range of prices: Light to good butch~

ers, $9; pigs, $9; light yorkers, $9; stags

one-third off.





 





Friday's Market.

Cattle.

June 27, 1913.





Receipts this week, 2022; last week,





1904;; market dull at Thursday's prices.

\\'e quote: Best steers and heifers,

$8@8.25; steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200.





$7.75@8; do. 800 to 1000, $7.50@7.75; grass

:teers and heifers that are fat, 800 to

1000, $6.75@7.50; do. 500 to 700, $5.75@

6.75; choice fat cows, $6@6.50; good do.,

$5.25@5.75; common cows. $475655; cau-

ners, $3.50@4.25; choice heavy bulls, $6.50;

fair to good bologna bulls $6@6.25; choice

feeding steers, 800 to 1000, $6.75@7; fair

do., 800 to 1000, $6.25@6.50; Choice stock-





ers, 500 to 700, $6.50@6.75; fair stockers,

500 to 700, $5.50@6.25; milkers, large,





young. medium age, $60@70; common do.,

$355050.

Veal Calves.



Receipts this week. 1228; last week,

1303. Market 500 lower than on Thursday.

liest, $9.50; others, $6@9. Milch cows

and springers dull.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this Week, 1913; last week,

2456. Market dull at Thursday's prices.

Best lambs, $7637.50; fair do., $6@7; light

to common lambs, $5.50@6.50; yearlings,





$5@6; fair to good sheep, $3@3.50; culls

and common, $2@2.75.

Hogs.



Receipts this week, 5357; last week,





6371; market steady to Sc lower. Range

of prices: Light to good butchers, $8.75;

pigs, $8.75; light yorkers, $8.75; stags





one-third off.





 





Many cattle have been marketed re-

cently from regions where the hot, dry

Weather during June burned up the pas—

tures. and some of these cattle were pur-

chased and returned to the country as

feeders. On the declines some rare bar-

gains were picked up. Ye-arlings that

were not fat enough Suffered big de-

clines in prices. rallying later on rcduccd

receipts. The break in prices resulted in

shifting many cattle from dry sections to

regions where feed is plentiful.



Cattle values in Argentian are advanc-

ing rapidly. and in Buenos Aires the

owners of freezers are paying around $95

for good grass cattle, the highest price

on record. A drought that lasted two

years caused wholesale slaughter of cows

and calves in that country, and five

years must elapse before beef production

can be restored to normal proportions.





Harses were in fairly active demand

last week. but there was not the large

call for farm horses seen a few weeks

ago. these selling on a basis of $140@225

per head. with desirable farm mares

adapted for breeding salable at $23057

285. The cheaper class of horses sold

around 585611125, with livery horses want-

ed at 515005200. Drafters were fairly ac--

five at $225@325, and an eastern buyer

paid $600 for a nice pair of bay Belgian

grades.



Country shippers of hogs are generally

exencising a good deal of care in making

up shipments and in seeing that the hogs

have sufficient space in the car. but this

care is sometimes lacking. and dead hogs

were taken from cars arriving in the

Chicago stock yards in considerable num-

bers on recent hot dams. Naturally. the

big, heavy swine are the ones most likely

to succumb to the heat. ' ' - ’~





‘





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Emmet 00., June 26.—The.short, but

severe June drouth now broken by copi-

ous local showers, a b00n to the farmers

of thOSe sections covered by them. How-

ever, the hay crop will not be helped by

these rains to any great extent, and will

therefore be light. Corn, though late, is

doing well. Eggs, 22c; butter, 20c.



lsabella and Southern Clare Co.’s, June

19,—It has been very dry but we have

now had a good rain. A very light crop

of hay will be harvested.

hardly worth cutting. Oats looking very

poorly from the effect of the dry weath-

er and the frost. On June 7 and 8 there

were heavy frosts that did a lot of dam-

age to potatoes, corn and early sown

beans. Not many bects sown in this

part of the country but a large acreage

of beans. A lot of farmers lost beans.

it being so wet they moulded in the bins.

Corn looks very poor where it escaped

the frost, as the weather has been so

cold.



Mecosta 00., June 23.—“’heat fair, oats

fair. corn late but doing well, beans good.

rye rather poor, hay rather light. Straw-

berries and currants hurt by frost; rasp-

beries and blackberry prospects good;

apples, peaches and plums light; cherries

fair. All kinds of stock sold off very

cloFe, especially hogs and sheep; less be-

ing raised than common.



Ohio.



Carroll 00., June 26.—-It has been very

hot, but we got a nice rain yesterday.

The alfalfa is cut but the crop was rath-

er light. Some farmers planting their

late potatoes this week. Nearly all the

corn has been worked twice already.

“'001 buyers are offering 22c for washed

wool but the farmers are still holding it.





 





 





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





of steers that were

bought in St. Paul last September and

shipped to Minnesota were returned to

the St. Paul market the first week of

June and sold for a good profit to the

feeder. The cattle were kept on grass

only about three weeks, when they were

turned into a seven-acre potato field and

allowed to eat their till. Up to the mid-

dle of November. when they were taken

off the potato diet, about 700 bushels of

potatoes were eaten by the steels, and an

average daily gain of more than two and

one-thirds pounds a day per head was





Two car loads





made during this period. The potatoes

had been dug and left upturned in the

rows. From the middle of NOVember

to the middle of January bundle corn





was thrown to the stock twice a day. For

a month and a half the feeding was can-

tinued, with corn on the cob as the main





article of diet, and late in April shelled

corn was substituted with hay as a

roughage. This was followed by a ration





of ground corn. outs and oil meal. The

last week the cattle were on feed whole

oats and hay were given. Last autumn

when bought the steers a‘vernged 823 le.

and cost $6 per 100 lbs. When matured

they averaged 1,228 lbs. and brought $7.70.



No large supplies of western range cat-

tle adapted for feeding purposes arc. ex-

pected to be marketed this year, unless

owners should be- obliged from lack of

grass later on to let them go. The range

is narrowing rapidly in the northwest,

settlers occupying the land very largely,





and only 185,000 western range cattle

reached the Chicago market last year,

compared with 430,500 in 1895, the year





when receipts were the largest on record.

Range cattlemen are paying unprecedent-

edly high prices for stock for replenish-

ing northern pastures, and recently dc-

liveries were made of Arizona cattle in

central Montana at a cost of $33 per head

for yearling heifers and $24 for yearling

steers. while twice as many were wanted

as could be furnished.



Murdo Mackenzie. general manager of

the Brazil Land, Cattle and Packing Co.,

in a letter to Charles 0. Robinson, of Chi-

cago, says his greatest objection to free

cattle for the United States is that it

might be the means of transferring the

raising of cattle from this country to

Mexico. If Mexico can produce a con-

siderable surplus of cattle. they can have

scarcely any other outlet except this

country, and with the expensive lands on

this Side of the boundary line. it would

be impossible for the American raiser to

compete with the Mexican cattle raiser.

As is generally‘known, MexiCo produces

a very inferior kind of cattle. The writer

places much stress upon the local com»

binaiions of retail butchers all over the

country by which high prices of beef

are maintained.



Several days ago the first cargo of Ar-

gentine beef ever landed in New York

arrived and was sold on the market. The

shlpment was made by British specu—

lators, who saw a way of making some

money as a result of the recent move-

ments of a clique of Chicago packers in

South America. it is reported that the

Armour-Swift group is engaged in an ef-

fort to control the cattle and sheep

slaughtering and export business of Ar-

gentina and Uruguay and that an at-

tempt is being made to force the inde-

pendent dealers in South American meats

out of business. The price of South Am-

erican meats were accordingly lowered in

London and Liverpool by the clique. and

this opened a way for English speculators

to ship this meat from London to New

York after it had been, sent to England

from South America at about two cents

a pound less than it costs to get plains-'

grown cattle from the west to the At-

lantic seaboard.



Stocker and feeder cattle have been

selling extremely high of late in the Chi-

cago market. prices paid being relatively

higher than prices for matured beef cat-

tle. Recently beef steers sold at $7.506!)

9.20 while stockers and feeders went at

$6.50@8.25. well-bred little yearlings go-

ing the highest. In June last year beef

steers brought $6.35@9.60. while stockers

and feeders sold for $3.75@7. The last-





Old meadows‘





 





15—15





six months of 1912 saw rising prices for

beef cattle, culminating in a boom that

carried the best steers to $11.10 per 100

poundS.



A recent 'hipment was made from

Mexico of 25 car loads of thin steers to

the Sand Hills of Nebraska for grazing

and putting on feed next winter.'



The distillery-fed cattle are being mar-

keted steadily in Chicago, and recent

sales have been made largely at $8.10@

8.75 per cwt. They will continue to come

through July.



Lambing is reported as backward in

Montana and Wyoming, but Idaho sheep-

men are having good luck. Wool dealers

are scouring the range country and of-

fering from 15@16c per pound for the

spring clip. Some of the Montana stock-

men are going into raising hogs. havxng

found this more profitable than the sheep

industry. They state that a hog can be

made to weigh about 150 lbs. at a cost of

from $1.50@2.



Most of the long-fed heavy steers com-

ing to Chicago are shipped from western

Iowa, South Dakota, Kansas "and Ne-

braska.



There is going to be a large demand

for feeding lambs this year. and there is

not much probability that the supply will

come up to requirements. owners prefer-

ring in many cases to do the fattening

themselves. Already a demand for graz-

ing stock is starting up in various quar-

ters, with demand especially good from

IVIichigan. -



Grassy cattle form a large and rapidly

increasing proportion of the receipts in

western markets, the long-fed beeves

having been mostly slaughtered. As the

season advances a widening out of prices

for cattle may be expected, although it

seems doubtful whether there is to be a

repetition of the extraordinary range of

values of a year ago, when beef steers

Sold on the Chicago market for $62001)

9.50. Of late the hot weather and the

dcarness of beef haVe combined to lessen

its general consumption everywhere,



Patrick Cudahy, the well—known Mil-

waukee packer, is as bullish as ever on

the outlook for hogs and provisions. in

a recent interview he said: “i can see

nothing but great scarcity and very high

prices for product between now and the

first of November. I believe hogs will

sell at $10 per 100 lbs. in August. We

have been selling cash ribs right along

through June at a cent a pound higher

than what September has been selling

for, and everybody in the trade knows

that between July 1 and November 1

there is three times as much product

consumed as what there is produced. We

also know that lard was very fully re-

ported 0n the first of June, yet there

was only one-third as much in this coun-

try as there was a year earlier. There

is something strange about lard. It

seems to bubble out of the ground dur-

ing May, .lune and July and melt away

like snow before the sun in August, Sep-

tember, October and November. The

world's lard supply decreased 306,000

tlerces during those months last year, or

more than the world’s entire stocks at

the present time. Cash lard sold in

September last year around 120 per lb.

The statistical showing is so much strong-

er this year that lard is likely to sell at

from 1361.140. The speculators who have

been selling another man‘s product short

this year are likely to learn that when

an article is actually scarce it takes more

than sentiment to break the price.”



The University of lllinois has sold the

wool from a flock of sheep. The prices





were: Twenty-one cents per pound, de-

livered, for the Downs wools, and 19

(cuts per pound, delivered, for the fine

wools.





Export of live animals from the United

States for the fiscal year ending with

June aggregated only about $9,000,000 in

value, against $52,000,000 in 1901, the high

record year. Meat and dairy products

exported approximated $150,000,000, com-

pared with $211,000,000 for 1906, the high

record year.





New lehr Bean Harvester





W131: Most Perfect Machine on the Market.

i o the work quickly and to youre t' ‘

ghetlon.d §tbis fully adjustable and you wli‘iluiiendmllzl:

ime an a or saver. 0 re i .

vester now is the time to guy. a 11 need 0‘ a hat





Write today for our special prices.

THE LEHR AGRICULTURAL 00.,

Dept. M, Froomonl. Ohlo.





HAY CAPS





Stack; implement, wagon and farm

covers. Waterproof or plain canvas

Plant—bed cloth; waterproof sheet-

ing; canvas goods.



HENRY DERBY

453 W. St. Paul Ave. Dept. M., Jersey clly, ll. J.





We Want HAY 8. STHAW





We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal advanceme is and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons Co.





PITTSBURG, PA.

Nuance. Wuhineton TN“ Comp-n1. or my but in as





”may; SlllP voun E068





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





to us. good premiums for fanc) fresh laid

eggs. er us. AMERICAN BUTT

CHEESE 00.. 31-33 Griswold St.. Dotroit. Mich.





 





Ship your curload lot. to us.

THE E. L. RICHMOND 00..

Detroit, - Michigan.





HA





When writing" advertisers please

mention The Michigan Farmer.
16—16





THE'MICH'IGANNFAR‘MERS -





 





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F:31'II1 COII'HIKH‘CC.





LisllllllllllllllIllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli|IlllllllIllIIIIHIIIIIllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlillllllllllll|Illllllll|lllllll|IllIllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIE





Begin Co-operative Society in Small Way





In reply to an inquiry in last week’s

number of The Farmer we pointed out

why it is necessary for a member to be

legally bound to patronize his co-opera-

tive society. In our talk this week we

wish to go back a little and point out

the advantages that accrue where an en-

terprise of this character is started in a.

small way but with the purpose of ex-

tending the work as the ofi‘iciary and the

machinery of the institution become ski11~

ed in accomplishing its variety of tasks.



And in the first place it must be noted

that to begin in any other manner is al-

together out of harmony with the natural

order of things. Even the child is brought

into the world and permitted to learn its

duties? one by one. Great businesses

were once small. The famous oil corpor-

ation which is at once condemned as a

great incubus to our economical comfort

and admired as a monument to American

industrial genius, was once an incon-

spicuous concern competing with others

of seemingly equal capacity to grow, The

chief of successful co-operative enterprise

in this country, the California Fruit Ex-

change, which now handles an aggregate

of $20,000,000 worth of citrus fruit annu-

ally, was launched with a capital stock

of $1,700. In reviewing the efforts of

men in the New England and North Cen-

tral states to work together, the greatest

successes have attended those born of

modest proportions and not the pompous.

It would be possible to add a list of the

names of co—operative associations that

have riSen from obscure beginnings to

places of pOWer, sufficient to convince the

skeptical and those who would upturn

our whole social organization upon learn-

ing that they pay middlemen a heavy tax

for whatever they handle. But for the

lack of space we must leave this phase

of the matter to the better judgment of

our readers.



To these who mOSt need to co-operate,

the business problems involved are, at

least at the beginning, complex. The

members, with but few exceptions, have

never been trained in the requirements

of ordinary business and commercial

ti‘ansactions, and almost every step of

the way needs to be pointed out, or un-

derstood by experience. The habit of

working together in an organized scheme

where the independence of the individual

must yield to the convenience of the

whole concern, is not so readily acquired

as it may seem possible; however, the

habit is more likely to become a. reality

if it can be nurtured with lesser prop-

erties at stake. And so, beginning with

the sale of one product and later includ-

ing others, appears to be the better and

most economical method of getting the

members and officials acquainted with

their duties



Therefore, education is needed and this

is more necessary among the members

of the going concern than among pros-

pective members of an association to be

organized. There is an opinion which is

not far short of universal, that when an

organization has once been effected no

further need of instruction and persua-

sion is required. But the school has just

been arranged and the real work of gain-

ing knowledge on how the undertaking

is to be carried forward, is but started

not ended. As the philosopher has told

us, it is easy to begin but hard to finish

our tasks. Necessarily we must, if we

are true leaders in the great co-operative

movement that is now taking firm hold

of the American people both as a cor-

rective of our economical disorder and as

a saving anchor to political excesses, see

that every member of every society is

given ample opportunity to know and to

develop those busmess and social talents

which might be incapacitated by-non—use.

While we have every confidence in the

usefulness of these societies to secure

for their members a greater revenue than

would naturally be received through in-

dividual efforts, we are equally convinced

that the money saving, or making. side

is the least of the benefits—-that the so-

cial advantages and, the opportunities for

development accruing to the members,

will outweigh manyfold the financial gains.



.Now the lessons suggested are learned

in'a small concern quite as thoroughly as

in a large one and that danger of the

whole school being broken up through the

operation of a clever manager who is at-





 





tracted by a large capitalization and

credit to embezzle, or otherwise misuse

the funds to his own ends, is absent.

There is little question that the enter-,

prise will go safer if its members are

informed, and they certainly can have a

better understanding of the needs of the

work if they grow up with it. Therefore

we believe that co-operative enterprises

Should not be launched on too large a

scale.





OBSERVATIONS ON CAR-LOT SHIP-

MENTS.





 





In farming on a large scale, the unit

of quantity for shipment is regularly a

carload. The advantage of a "car lot

over a smaller quantity is so great that





the smaller shipments competes at a

disadvantage, except ,in near-by mar-

kets. Not only are the freight rates for





carloads lower, but the time of transit

is shorter and the risk of injuring the

produce in transit is less. A car lot may

be sent to any one of a large number of

cities and towns, while the smaller ship-

ment is limited, by the higher freight

rates and by delays in transit, to fewer

markets. "



Since car-lot shipments form such a.

large proportion of the total supply, con-

ditions which affect their marketing in-

fluence also the marketing of the smaller

lots of highly perishable fruits and veg-

etables. Home-grown produce is more

apt to bring good prices in the neigh-

boring city or town under conditions

which tend to reduce the danger of an

overSupply from distant regions. Hence,

changes affecting the movement of car-

loads, as discussed in this article, affect

the entire truck-growing industry.



There are a number of plans by which

small shippers join in making up a car-

load. This is regularly done by farmers

co-operative associations. Country buy-

ers also gather produce from various

farmers, arranging their purchases so as

to have carloads for shipment. Of the

other plans for combining smaller lots in

carloads, two of the more noteworthy

are the local “pick-up” service of some

railroads and the system employed by

some forwarding agents.



There are forwarding agents whose bus-

iness it is to collect small consignments

at various points and to Ship them to

market. The forwarding agent gathers

enough produce to make a full carload

at a given station, consigns it to himself

at the destination, and delivers the con-

tents to various consignees. By this sys-

tem a small shipment by a producer is

carried as promptly as a full carload.

The forwarder, being responsible to the

shippers, makes it his business to check

the contents of the car as they are tak-

en out, to note their condition, and to

report to the shipper any irregularities

as to the condition or number of pack-

ages. The car manifest of the ‘forwarder

shows the names of the shippers and of

the consignees. the number and contents

of packages. The manifests frequently

contained each a long List of separate

items; the manifest for one car contain-

ed a list of packages for no less than 32

different consignees.



Inquiries have been made by the bu-

reau of statistics of the department of

agriculture, as to the different kinds of

highly perishable fruits and vegetables

which were received in car lots for local

use in cities having a population of not

less than 25,000. Of the 103 cities for

which reports were made, peaches were

Sold by the carload in at least 87; wat—

ermelons, in 86; cantaloupes. 77; bananas,

72; strawberries, 71; tomatoes, 66;

oranges, 65; grapes, 53; lemons, 39; pears,

32; pineapples, 28; plums, 24; celery, 18;

cherries 13; cucumbers, 11; green beans,

11; apricots, 11; and each of about 25

other commodities of this class were re-

ported to have car-lot markets in from

one to ten different cities. The reports

on which these figures are based are

probably incomplete to a greater or less

degree: some products are no doubt

omitted which should have been includ-

ed. If it had been possible to secure

complete lists of all Such products for

each of these cities. the figures just giv-

en would probably have been larger. As

they stand, these incomplete figures show

a. wide range of markets where car-lot





shipments of fresh fruits and vegetables

may be sold. The producer has many

good outlets for his crOps; if market

conditions in one place are not satisfac-

tory, there may be other places where

fair prices may be obtained. The cities

which absorb these products by the car-

load include many whose population is

‘less than 50,000. Of the 87 car-lot mar-

kets for peaches for which returns were

made in this

ies of less than 50,000 inhabitants; 23 of

these smaller cities took cantaloupes by

the carload, 19 received grapes and

strawberries, and 17 received tomatoes.

Other products ‘of this class also found

sale in car lots among these smaller

cities.



The number of car-lot markets for

fruits and vegetables has increased great-

ly during the past decade. This is indi-

cated by reports made by railroad freight

agents and produce dealers in various

cities as to the year in which the first

carloads of certain products'were re-

ceive-d fer local use. The products for

which the fullest reports were made were

peaches, strawberries, cantaloupes. toma-

toes, and grapes. Of the 42 markets

which reported the year when the first

carload of peaches was received for lo-

cal use, 13 had become carlot markets

within the past decade; the markets

whose first carload sale of strawberries

was made since 1900 numbered 15 out of

a total of 35 reported; for cantaloupes, 21

out of 40; tomatoes, 19 out of 32; and for

grapes the car-lot markets, which were

opened within the past 10 years, num-

bered 13 out of a total of 24 for which

reports were received. Taking account

of the minor products of this trade, as

well as the five leading ones just men-

tioned, the average rate of increase in

the number of car—lot markets for highly

perishable fruits and vegetables was over

40 per cent in the decade beginning with

1901 as compared with the ten years just

before.





CONSUMERS BENEFIT BY NOMID

SYSTEM.



Thinking that a statement from a buy-

er through the Nomid System of distrib-

uting farm products as described in The

Michigan Farmer last winter, would be

interesting to the readers I wish to go

on record as saying that ”We are pleased

with the plan. Although our buying is

not extenSive, having but a small family,

yet we save an average of over 50 cents

a week most of the year and much more

when poultry, fruits and meats are de-

livered. I think we can safely say that

we are $50.00 ahead each year by getting

our goods direct from the farm. But this

is only a part of the advantage secured.

\Vhat we get in this way is much supe-

rior to what we get from the stores. The

eggs and butter are hardly to be com-

pared—they have been so satisfactory

that we are spoiled for going back and

buying these products at the city retail-

er's again, which fact we believe is a.

Strong factor in keeping one buying di-

rect whenever it is possible. Since both

the producer and the consumer benefit

by the Nomid System it appears that ul-

timately the plan ought to be very gen—

erally used.



\Vayne Co. A CONSUMER.

PROFITS ON FARM PRODUCE TO BE



INVESTIGATED.



It is announced that the Department

of Agriculture, through its Office of Mar-

kets, will shortly begin a thorough study

of what happens to produce from the

time it leaves the producer until it

reaches the consumer. A specialist on

marketing perishable produce will inVes-

tigate prices received by producers, cost

of transportation and storage, change of

ownership, accumulated charges, profits,

and other elements. This specialist will

then study conditions in various sections

to determine the feasibility of a market

news service dealing with perishable pro-

ducts, and also the best method of mak-

ing statistics of supply and demand use-

ful to the farmer or truck gardener.



Other specialists will give attention to

studying co-operative organizations of

producers and consumers, including co-

operative marketing associations of farm-

ers and buyers, co-operative stores, etc.

They will make intenSive studies of typ-

ical communities dealing with special

products, and will assist in the formation

of new co-operative enterprises. An ex-

pert in co-operative accounting will as-

sist such organizations to keep their books

and records effectively, establishcost sys-

tems, and follow up methods of handling

goods en route and on sale.



Co-operating with the other investigat-





investigation, 30 were. cit- '





JULY 5, .1913.





ors will be specialists intfafisport’fiibn—

men who have had as much railroad

shipping experience as division freight

agents—who will assist producers in se-

curing proper freight rates, and will dis-

cuss questions of extending facilities, de-

termination of rates, routing, and other

matters concerned with the speedy and

cheap moving of produce to centers of

Wholesale and retail demand.



Especial attention is to be given to

the. milling, marketing and utilization of

cottonseed. A specialist in this line will

gather full information necessary for the

successful organization and operation of

oil mills by co-operating producers. He

will also endeavor to find new uses and

new applications for cotton seed and its

manufactured products.



Other specialists thoroughly familiar

with the marketing 6f cotton in Texas,

Arkansas, and Oklahoma, and other cot-

ton states will devote their attention to

improving trade in cotton and devising

improved methods of handling and selling

cotton and seed cotton.





 





CO-OPERATION IS RECOGNIZED BY

LEADING ECONOMIC STUDENTS.

The National Economic League, an or-



ganization representing every state in



the union, and having about 1,600 mem-

bers, recently took a. vote as to what

constitutes the most important questions

before the nation. Of over 60 matters

that have from time to time been raised

as important national issues, the follow-

ing 14, arranged in the order of their

importance, were given leading honors:



1. Efficiency in the administration of

justice. -



' 2. The tariff.



3. The monetary system.



4. Conservation of national resources.



5. Efficiency and economy in govern;

ment.



6. Child labor.



7. Government regulation and control

of dominant industrial corporations.



8. Direct primary nominations.



9. Co-operation vs. competition as a

social and industrial principle.



10. Employers’ liability.



11. The short ballot.



12. Good roads.



13. Relations between capital and labor.



14. The liquor problem.





LIVE STOCK MARKET NEWS.





 





 





The recent extremely hot weather play-

ed havoc with fat hogs on the way to

market, great numbers of dead hogs be-

ing taken from stock trains arriving in

the Chicago market. In several cars

nearly all the hogs were dead, and quite

a number died after being unloaded from

carS. The losses were by far the great-

est ever suffered by country shippers,

heavy lard hogs catching it the worst.

Owners who marketed their matured hogs

while the weather was cool hit it right,

and doubtless in many cases they pre-

vented large losses. After warm weather

sets in too much care in selecting favor-

able Weather for shipment is impossible,

and carelessness in such matters is cost-

ly. The worst lOSSes were suffered on

Monday last week, and the market had

a big break in prices, buyers being afraid

to operate freely, as they did not care

to assume the risk of hogs dying on their

hands.



The recent advances in cattle prices

were a surpriSe to many stock feeders,

as they had not looked for such an event

after their previous experience, but stock-

men had marketed most of their cattle

they were not going to graze, and conse-

quently the receipts fell off in the Chi-

cago market to such moderate proportions

that buyers were compelled to hustle in

order to secure their quotas The sum-

mer opened early, enabling the farmers

to get their cattle pastured much sooner

than usual.



The Bureau of Animal Industry of the

Department of Agriculture has issued a

warning to farmers of the southern states

to hold on to their cattle, as the shortage

in the United States is sure to result in

still higher prices. Thousands of south-

ern cattle have been purchased in recent

months by northern stockmen for breed-

ing purposes. Meanwhile the southern

farmers are reported to be selling off

their scrub cattle in the hope of getting

better breeds by next fall and getting rid

of the cattle tick at the same time, but

it is probable that when they go into the

market they will find no cattle for sale,

at least on reasonable terms. Traders in

the. cattle markets of the country are

calling attention to the fact that farmers

are holding their female cattle for breed—

mg purposes.



The Idaho crop of spring lambs is re-

ported to be a fine large one, and they

are beginning to move to market. South-

ern spring lambs are moving liberally

and are expected to continue to come to

to market throughout July.



The federal authorities have announced

that meat and meat products in inter-

state or foreign commerce, which hither-

to have been exempted from the provis-

ions of the pure food la-w, may be seized

if misbranded or adulterated. Beginning

at once, manufacturers of meat foods

will be required to comply strictly with

the food and drugs act as Well as with

the meat inspection ,law. , . " -, ;





 





 





 





 





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m





' Stairs.





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1913. ‘ '. .-





 





17—17‘





 





 





slim!llllllllllilllllllllilllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllHllllIHllIIIlflllllllllllllmllmlHF;

CONDUCTED BY w. C. FAIR, v. 8.





Advice through this department is free

' ' Each communication





writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired informaltiOn in a. reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

prithe practice, and a. fee or $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





Retention of Urine——Diarrhea.—I have

a mare that is troubled with retention of

urine and I also have two horses that

occasionally cough, but appear to be heal-

thy. I would like to know what to do

for my spring pigs that are troubled

with diarrhea. They are fed separator

milk, some ground oatS. wheat bran and

grass; also have plenty of shade. P. H.

H., Six Lakes, Mich—Give your mare a

teaspoonful of powdered nitrate of pot-

ash at a dose in feed three times a day

until her kidneys not free. then give her

an occasional dose to keep kidneys act-

ing. Give your horses that cough 1 oz.

of ground licorice and 1 dr. of ground nux

vomica at a dose in feed two or three

times a day. Give each pig a half tea-

spoonful of cooking soda and 15 grains of

powdered cinnamon bark at a dose three

times a day. If this does not check their

bowel trouble, give them from 3 to 5 grs.

of salol at a dose in feed three times

a day. _



Punctured Eye—Scours—Bog ~Spavin.—

I have gained much valuable information

through yOur veterinary department and

would like to know about a colt that was

dropped June 6, which, when trying to

get up fell against a partition, a nail

puncturedi eye and I have been washing

it with lukewarm water and witch hazel.

The colt also has scours and I am afraid

it will have blood poison. I keep her

stabled day and night. R. W. H., Holly,

Mich.—-Give your colt 5 grs. of salol and

2 grs. of quinine at a dose three or four

times a day. Apply one part iodoform

and ten parts boracic acid to wound twice

a day.



Strangles—Chronic Cough—I

nine-year—old mare that had

four months ago. seemingly recovered,

biit there is a rattling in head at times.

especially when she breathes fast and I

WOuld like to know if there is danger of

her coming down with the heuves. \V

S. B., Trenton, Mich.—»Her throat is now

normal and she will do her work With—

out blowing much if-you will put an ov-

ercheck and independent bit on him. Ap-

ply equal parts tincture iodine and cam-

phorated oil to throat every two or three

days. Give her a dessertspoonful of

glyco-heroin (Smith) at a dose in feed

three times a day. She is in no danger

of taking heaves.



Injured Udder.—I have a heifer 21 mos.

old that has had her udder injured by

older animals and calves sucking her. A.

L. B., Fremont. Mich.—-—Apply equal parts

extract witch-hazel and camphOrated oil

to diseased and injured teats every day.



Scours in Calves—T have six calves

and all of them have trouble with scours.



. J. F., Davisburg, Mich.—GiVe each

calf 15 grs. of salicylic acid and 5 grs.

of salol at a dose in milk three times a

day. It might be well to add one-half a

teaspoonful of baking soda to their milk

once or twice a day.



Bruised Udder.—About a month ago

my cow’s udder commenced to swell,

mostly on right side, and she gave some

bloody milk from one or two quarters.

K. . Y., Reese, Mich—Your cow must

bruise her udder when stepping out of

ditches or when traveling in lot where

there are logs and low fences. DlSSUlVe

4 ozs. of powdered alum and 1/2 pt. tinc—

ture arnica in a gallon of water and ap-

ply to udder three or four times a day.

Try and ascertain the cause of her trou-

ble and remove it.



Acidity of Stomach—My cows have a

sort of craving for bones and are inclin-

ed to chew leather and I have thought

that they could not be right with this

abnormal appetite. H. J. L, Goodell’s

Mich.—Give each of them a tablespoon-

ful of ground gentian. a teaspoonful of

ground nux vomica and 1 oz. of hypo-

sulphite soda at a dOSe in feed twice a

day. You had better discontinue feeding

wood ashes. A change of pasture and

feed is usually good practice.



Inflammation of Skin Glands—I have

18 spring pigs that are not thriving; their

backs are scaly, also hind quarters itch,

and the skin on different parts of body

cracks open. These pigs are running on

oats and rape and they dig at themselves

constantly. N. L. II. Grand Blanc, Mich.

«~Apply one part oxide of zinc and four

parts vaseline to sore parts of skin every

day or two. You should avoid keeping

them in a filthy place.



Bruised Leg.——-I have an elght—year-old

mare that is in the habit of kicking stall

partition, bruising leg badly, causing sore-

ness and lameness, the result being a

sweenied condition of hip. Our local

Vet. thought it a case of hip sweeny, but

hei lameneSS does not lessen and I have

been told that her hip was fractured.

She also appears to have- some soreness

of stifle and 1 have been using strong

liniment. I forgot to say that she holds

up foot when resting. and carries her leg

stilt. W. . H., Marcellus, Mich—I am

inclined to believe that both hip and stifle

are affected. You had better apply one

part turpentine, one part aqua ammonia

and three parts camphcrated oil every

day. It is possible that she .fractured

hip and instead of a bony union taking

place a fibrous union and ends of broken





have a

distemper





breathes much like a horse that has

heaves. She also has a discharge of mu-

cus from nostril. O. 8., Unionville, Mich.

Feed no clover or musty, dusty, badly

cured fodder of any kind and give her a

tablespoonful of glyco-heroin (Smith) and

a tableSpoonful 0f Donovan’s solution at

a‘dose three times a day. Grain and grass

is the best feed for her and all the hay

you feed her should‘ be free from dust

and moistened.



Partial Loss of Power.—About a week

ago my two-year-old colt commenced to

Show loss of action in hind quarters and

he now seems to have .poor control of his

hind parts. This is a nice large draft

colt, therefore I wish you would tell me

What to do for him. B. C., Ionia, Mich.

—Yo.ur colt has met with an injury or

possibly Wrenched back enough to cause

spinal pressure. giving rise to partial loss

of motion. Give him 1 dr. ground nux

vomica, 1 dr. potassium iodide and 30

grains of quinine at a dose in. feed three

times a day. If he- recovers at all, recov-

ery will be slow.



Stocking—At this season of the year

we give our horses a little fresh June

grass or orchard grass. Perhaps one—

fourth of the roughage being grass. We

have a six-year-old gelding that Stocks

if standing in barn over night, especially

in hind leg, but goes down with exercise.

He. never stooked until we commenced

feeding green grass. R. “t. Rushton,

Mich—The green grass has a tendency

to increase the fluids of body, conse-

quently it is not uncommon for hind legs

to stock a little until the animal is ac-

cistomed to this change of food. Give

him a teaspoonful of powdered nitrate of

potash at a dose in feed night and morn-

ing.



Knee-sprung—I read with interest the

veterinary column of the Michigan Farm—

er, but have failed to notice a remedy

for knee-sprung horses. I have a three—

year-old colt that is badly knee-sprung

and would like to know what to do for

him. Have been applying angleworm oil

on tendonS, but it fails to help him. This

colt seems to be growthy in body and

light in limbs. H. L. H., Ithaca, Mich.—

Some colts from conformation are, of

course, predisposed to tipping over in

knees and when one of this kind is

gz‘owtliy, they always become knee-

sprung and are difficult cases to help.

Showering his legs with cold water in

summer two or three times a day for 15

or 20 minutes at a. time will prevent him

from growing any worse, then when fall

comes or winter, blister back tendons

with one part powdered cantharides and

five parts lard three times a month. Re-

member, hard work and fast driving is

one of the causes of weak knees.



liiligbone.——I have a two—year-old colt

that is troubled with ringbone in both

hind legs. I applied an advertised sure

cure remedy, which blistered it severely

without effecting a cure. The bunches

are as large as ever and colt is very

lame. J. H., Scotts, Mich—“'hen ring-

bone is situated low down, affecting pas-

tcrn joint, it is very often incurable. Fir-

ing is the most heroic treatment, but

fairly good results follow giving horse

absolute reSt and applying one part red

iodide of mercury and four parts fresh

lard once a week will usually subdue

lameness and somewhat reduce bunch.





Bone Spavin.——I have a six-year-old

mare that is troubled with bone spavin,

have applied two bottles of medicine





which cost me 354, but I fail to notice any

improvement. P. 111., Elk Rapids, Mich.—

Give her rest and apply one part red

iodide mercury and four parts fresh lard

to bunch once a week.



Navel Infection—I have a mare colt

three weeks old that has a sore naVel





and udder. “'hen the colt was four days

old the navel and udder swelled, was

painful, soon broke and discharged pus





from both teats. W'lien she was foaled

i cut off navel cord but applied no heal-

ing remedies and thought perhaps I

made a mistake in not giving the navel

better care. W. S., Elberta, Mich—Ap-

ply one part iodine and 20 parts vaseline

to navel and udder once or twice a

day. You should have tied navel, paint-

ed end of cord with tincture iodine or

applied one part carbolic acid and ten

parts water for a day. then applied one

part carbolic acid and 20 parts water

twice a day.



l’oll-evil.—I

old that has

side of neck





have a roan mare 13 years

a running sore from each

just back of car which I

would like to know how to treat. About

48 years ago, when a boy, my father had

one in same condition and they called it

poll-evil; since then I have owned many

horses, but have never had a case like

this. G. R., Trufant, Mich.——Inject 8.

small quantity of tincture iodine into ab-

scess once a day for a few days. then

drop a small gelatine capFule filled with

one part iodoform,--and eight parts bor-

acic acid to' bottom of. tumor and let it

remain there. These applications should

be made every day.



Acidity of Stomach—I have a Jersey

cow which I bought last summer that

for the past month has been eating pieces

of wood and stickS. I am unable to ac-

count for her conduct. G. E. McG., Wil-

liamston, Mich—Give your cow two ta-

blespoonfuls of cooking soda, two table-

spoonfuls of ginger and a teaspoonful of

powdered charcoal at a dose in feed two

or three times a day.



Rheumatism—Diarrhea.7——My chickens

seem to be taken with a soreness and

lameness, refuse to cat, are very loose





in bowels. tremble a great deal, then die.

Have tried different kinds of poultry food

and given alum in their drinking water,

but they fall to show any improvement.

H. B., Morrice, Mich—Give 1,4 gr. sodium

salicylate and 1,4 gr. 59.10 at a. dose three

Disinfect their





or four times a day.





c00p.‘





 

 





 





5“l‘.'1 Fog -~ 7“

5" in. i

\‘y ' « 1"fl





Acrmotor C





Acrniolur "

WANT TO BUY siiaitcfioigga

0.





breeding. W. H. H. WERTZ. Wooster.





BIRDEIIS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





Aberdeen-An us.

Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas B ackbirds and

Prides. only. is headed by E orton w. the GRAND

CHAMPION bull at the Sta. 9. West Michigan and

Bay City Fairs of 1912 and the sire of winners at these

Fairs and at THE INTERNATIONAL. Oblong, of

1912. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia,. lch.





114-1 5. Campbell Ar. Chlcngo

., .d and Madison Stricts,01nlana,





 





 





 





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,

YORKSHIRE PICS. Good Stock.

HICKS corms“ Mill. Saginaw. w. 3.. Mich.





Guernsey Bu“ Calf Rich in A. R. breedin .





 





‘Flt to head any her .

AlGoe Dandy. G. A. WIGENT. Watervliet, Mich.





 





GUERNSEYS—Reg. Tuberculin Tested. WIndor-

. more Farm. Watervliet. Mich.

J. K. BLATCHFO RD, Auditoriun Tower. ChicagoJll.





 





Have 2 Reg. Guernsey bulls left. Ready for service.

the very best. breeding. cheap if taken soon. Guar-

antee satisfaction. John Ebels. R. 10, Holland. Mich.





Hangman liUiis Foil SA]. A... Poland





_ China Hogs.

LLEN BROS.. Paw Paw. Michigan.





 





 





 





> ,_ 7 ‘a,, . . » 1-, — ‘s‘ v ~2- . . . .. .. . . a. . . __. ..... ‘ ..... .



g "i” ‘ illl "LE. bone slipped past, making an imperfect ' ’ ‘ V - . —— “k ‘

éfilfliflWllmlmflllll|lllllllllilllllilillillllifllllllllilllllllllllIllllilllllllllllllll Hill a; ymon’ which Wm realm in permanent R“ n n l n g W ter gar!” flours”: £512? fcbmlgfiz. :38 1‘53, .

= .. _ - , O . g amenessh . a 05 or e n preeen . « . .



E _ . t \ fl“ 3193, 2 Chronic Cough—Incipient Heaves.——-I in House and Barn at ever. W- W. KNAPI’. R. 1‘10. 4. Watervliet, Mich.

:3 e e ‘ . have a seVen—year-old mare that has temperature Winter or gum-¢‘,, 4’:



'__=._='_‘ ‘ had a cough for the past year and she mer at Small Cost. I SHEEP.





 





IT PAYS TO BUY THOROUGHBRED SHEEP

0!‘ PARSONS, “the sheep man of the cash"

I sell and ship everywhere and pay express

charges. I will start one man in each twp-

Write for club offer and descriptive price list.

Shropshires. Rambouillet. Polled-Delaines and





PARSONS OXFORDS.





Grand Ledge.

' --Yea.rling and ram lambs from Chem ion

“"39“.” flock of Thumb of Mich. Also select Earl:

Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.





. 1.

Michigan.





shire swine.





Rog. Ramobulllel Sheep. Pm llrell Poland China

HUGS and PEBCHERON HORSES. 2% miles

E. Monica. on G. T. R. H. and M. U. R. J.Q. A. COOK.





SHROPSHIRES Cd DUROCS





KOPE-KON FARM. Kinderhook. Michigan.





“005.





' ' —A Desirable Bunch of Sows of

nurocs &' VIClonls Eitlier'Breed due April and Ma .

M. '1‘. Story. B. R. 48 Lowell. Mich. City Phone .



—With or with-





BERKSIIIRE PIGS F01! Sill. 0... mm...

Tex-nee Stock Farm. 1730 Michigan Ave., Detroit.Mich.

Quick Malnring Berksllirefé’fffigzfili‘fiui‘ifllxfi

or money refunded. C. B. BARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.





 





 





 





 





' —bred for July farrowing.also a choice

A Y'arlmg so" lot of Spring Plus for sale. Either

Sex. A. A. PATTULLO. R. No.1Deckerville. Mich.





 





0 r 0 {fig growthy’ type. last. fall gilts and this



I I 0 . pring furrow to oil'er. Very good stock.



Scott. No. 1 head of herd. Farm M mile west. of do at.

OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mic .





 





HOICE Bull Calves from A. Ti. 0. dams. Hired by

our herd sire whose dam and sire’s dam each made



over 30 lbs. in 7 days E. R. Cornell. Howell. Mich.

A FEW CHOICE Holstein Friesian Bull Calves

for Sale. A. R. 0 Stock.





GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.





 





HOLSTEIN BULLS—well bred. at. reasonable prices.

Barred Rock Chickens from 15 years breeding. Good





layers eggs 15 for $1. W. B. Jones. Oak Grove. Mich.





 





FOR Sale—~Two refit Holstein bull calves. 1th 7 months

old from good A. .0. dams. Fine individuals. Price

reasonable. Floyd F. Jones. R. 3, Oak Grove. Mich





“Top-Notch" Holsteins.





Choice bull calves from 2 to 8 mo. old, of fashion-

able breeding and from dams with oflicial milk

and butter records for sale at reasonable prices.





MOPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mlohlunn.





 





 





Purebred Registered





11 OLSTE lN CATTLE





The Greatest Dairy Breed

Sand for FREE 111de Booklet

Holstein-Fried“, Au‘o.. Box [64. Brettloboro.Vt.





IMPORTANT T0 HOLSTEIN BREEDERS.





If there is a. breeder or a community of breeders in

Michigan in need of one of the greatest. BULLS of

the G EATEST breed of Dairy cattle in the world. I

Wish. to callflyour attention to the fact that. I am

offering F0 lSALE, Pledge Duke De Kol Welsrij

No. 435‘ 7. He is a great breeder. a grand individual?

Bred I'lfiht. and guaranteed a sure breeder, sound

and rig i; in every respect. His dam is Nancy Pledge

Princess. -. Butter in 7 days. 32.39 lhs.; Milk in 7 days, 716.00

lhs,; Buttcrln 30 days. 132.81 lbs. ; Milk ill 30 days, 3057.701b8.;

Come and see him and see his heifers. and be convinced of





his worth. L. E. CONNELL. Fayette._0hlo.





Bigeluw’s Holstein Farms





Breedsville, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





HOLSTEIN COWS FOR SALE





Bred to a bull that is more than a half brother to the

Worlds record cow Benostlne Belle De Kol. This is

an opportunity for some one to start. in Registered

stock at a moderate cos .





l:

D. S. LEWIS. Marshall. Michigan.





“THIS HOLSTEIN BULL





wasfisircd by belt. son of PONTIAC BUTTERBOY.

Dam has official record of 24 lbs. as4-vr.-old. 90le. milk

a day. Price $100. 0. D. WOODBURY. Lanaing,Mich.



HOBART W. FAY.





REGISTERED ROLSTEIIS. Mason, Mich. Farm





right_inthe cltynonly few minutes from Jackson or

Lansing. Electric cars from both Cities every hour





HOLSTEIN BULLS.





3t€8monthg.old. 375 173 8300. Don'lijobuy until you

so our pe igtees ai- rices. NG BEA

FARMS. Augusta. Kn amazoo Co.. Mich. CH





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





—2-yr.-old Jersey Bull—Dean's?» r.-old

For 33'3710551 lbs. milk 513lbs. fat. ml lbs. $353:

Sires dam a record—12997 lbs. milk; 606 lbs. fat. 706 lbs.

butter. 2—yr.-old full Sister’s record—8610 lbs. milk. 436

lbs. {315, 513 lbs. butter. All authenticated. kind.

sound, sure. Waterman & Waterman,Ann Arbor. Mich.

A few young Jersey





"all.“ Farm, Grass Lak.,MIGll. bung sired by Jubi.

lee of Sylvan 56% 76 the blood of Jubilee of Boisd Arc.





I

Llllle Farmstead Jerseys

(Tuberculln tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber.

culoell.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. No females' for sale at

present. Satisfaction guaranteed.

COLON C. LILLIE. Cooperating. Mich.





 





 





 





—Bulls ready for eerv‘ ,

Jersoys production. Also cowliozndbllig‘ill‘efifliI

Breakwater Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich:

FOR SALE-egg: is.” 4...... 3......



GEO. C. BORCK. Grand Haven.wbil‘l!chi.%;ti(i,?k'

—Regietered Jersey Cattle.t beroul' t. . .

F" sale ed ulls and bull calves: hellfer and‘helairefr





: b

calm: cove with star of Merlt. d

Association records. IRVIN FOX.aillgg:li? M22111“





Bunmgrnnanzp measure“



A spam s-r



'fllver Creek. mm 00.10%.F‘gclifi'm.

to. bred bull 7-mo.





Macon. Michigan.





 





 





Ml MEI “Mme“:—

J.‘ , “EL. oi Mule. Pricesioo





 





O l C ,s—A FFW BRED SOWS‘FOR

‘0 0 SEPTEMBER FARROW.

GEO. P. ANDREWS. Dansvllle. Ingham 00.. Mich.





O. I. C. SWIN riceonSprinB





Pigs, pairs and tries. not akin. ave a number

of servmc males of good ty 9. Write me describing

of your wants. A. J. GORD N. R. No. 2 Don. Mich.





0.1. c. @-

sow WEIGHED 932 LBS.

A 23 mourns om





 





Write me for





 





‘. IONlA‘QIRl.’





I have started more breeders on the road to sub:

case thanany man living. I have the] argest and flu-

est herd in the U. S. Every one an early developer,





ready for the market at six months old. want to

Klace one hog in each community to advertise my



erd. Write for my plan,"£[ow to Make Money from

Hogs. G. S. BENJAMINJIJMJ 0 Peril-ml. Mich.





 





 





o I C’s—all sold.‘ Orders booked for April

I I and May pigs of the choicest breeding.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan





’ —Bred sows. March pigs airs and

0- '0 C S trios. Buil‘ Rook Eggs €150 per15.

FRED NICKEL R. 1. Monroe. Michigan.





 





 





9 —-All ages. growthy and large. ' Melon

0' I. C S ready. 100 to select from. Attractive rices

on young stock. 1111. JUMP. Munith. Mic .





0 I c —-March pigs ready to chip. the long

I I ' I growthy kind with plenty of bone. at

farmers prices. A. NEWMAN, R. 1. Mariette, Mich.





”URN-JERSEYS—le” and Spring bicare gram



pr ze-Winnin :- .



all ages. SPECIAL BARGAIN in Beautifmnesr (i2:



Breakwater Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. brick.

—Fall Gilts bred or 0 en.





DUROC JERSEY Spring pigs pairs not a in.





F. J. DRODT, B. No. 1. Monroe, Michigan.





 





 





Duroc Jerseys For Baler—Three fall boars. also sprin

Iplgs. either ser'of finest. breeding and individua

quality. John Mchcoll. Station A. B ~l.Bay City Mich.





 





Duroc Jerseys—Rolhing llul Spring Pigs For Sall.





CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.





 





UROO JERSEY SPRING PIGS of either sex for

sale, Pairs not akin. also 2 Reg. Percheron mares

2 years old. both graye. M. A. BRAY. Okemos. Mich:





—B th W

POLAND CHINAS mic Ell’fizimsefin‘liiE‘E’S‘Q





Prices right. w. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Mich.





Buller’sBig Bone Poland Chinas





We have a few nice fall boars. also some hlg sows

bred for fall fan-ow. Ounliogs are all cholera proof.

J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Michigan.





 





Big Typo Poland China Pigs





from bi b '

Rocks, 31 per 15- 8 usiness B





ROBERT NEVE, Pierson, Mic .

POLAND CHINA “3123' .1”...

P





. D. LONG. R. No. 8. Grand0





at. close prices. Eggs

h, .





 





Some-

od at a low price.

Rapids, Michigan.





all sold. Have the





URGE TYPE P. 0. FALL PIG 8.93.8... bunch of





a ring pigsI ever raised. Eight, sows f

ome or write. Expenses paid if not Batisgggweii‘gé

livery from Par-ma. W. E. Livingston. Parma, Mich.





P. C. BOARS AND sows-errands?



A. A. WOOD & son. Saline. Michigan. '

BIG TYPE MULE FOOT EGGS—All



350 .8316. Prolific and Hardy. also Ponies Beigebarggg



for Michigan. J. DUNLAP,Box M.Williameport.0hio.





 





ARGE Yorkshires—Choice breedin at

L not. akin. from Sta. Fair prize-Swisggrgu $33.1]:

grees furnished. W. C. COOK. R. 42 Box 22.Ada. M‘ch.





YORKSHIRE Swine—We have some nice a ti

pigs now ready for sale. Writef ' ‘ ‘ p as

prices. OSTRANDER BROS. Moi-11103933211? d





Lillie Farmstead YORKSHIBES





Spring bred gilte all sold. Gilta bred f



furrow. Se labor pine cit er sex. pgl'r: 0111;: aging:

not. akin. Idea booked for sgrinn pigs.



COLON C. LILLIE. ooporlvllle. Mlcll





 





Mention the Michigan Farmer





 





 





when writing to advertisers.
~18—1 8





THE MICHIGAN FAIR‘MER‘





- JULY 5, 1913. ’





 





 





glfllmlil|IlljlllllllllllIllllllllillllllllllllIIINIllllHH11llllIHIIIllllIllllllllllllllflllllllllllHlllllllllliHllIHIIIIHI||H“IIHillfllflflHlfiflmmi!llflhfllllflllmflllllIIIHIIllmflllliilllillilllllIIIHIIIIIIHHHIIHIIHIMHILE »

= . . g

Hort1culture

E, _ o g.

fill"IllI"|"HI"lII"IIIlIll"“HHIIIIIIIHHHHIHill”llllllllllllilll||IHHIIIHHHIII|lIllllllllllllllllllllllllllliIIlllllllllllllllllllllllIHHIII|||llllIIIIIll|IHIIllIH|IllIII"!|H“HilllIIIIlllilII|llIIIIIIIll"IIIHIIIIHHIIIIIIIIIIIE





SUMMER PRUNING.





 





The summer pruning of fruit trees is





greatly a matter of theory here and is.





not extensively practiced anywhere. There

are, however, some beneficial effects from

its practice which the orchardist should

know so as he may use it should neces-

sity require.



It is generally conceded that early

spring or winter pruning is rather stim-

ulative to wood growth, especially if done

too severe. Summer pruning, however,

does not have that effect but rather, en-

courages the tree to mature its wood

early and to form fruit buds.



It is necessary to prune at the proper

time to get, the desired results. Pruning

too early will cause the starting of new

growth while late pruning will give no

definite results. The proper ,time is

about when the upward growth ceases

and the terminal bud forms. This is

about the first part of July or very late

in June.



Summer pruning should never be done

to trees which are bearing well as it

may cause overbearing, but should be

used as a corrective means to bring

trees which make excessive growth and

lacking productiveness, into bearing. It

is one of the means of bringing unpro-

ductive trees into bearing. Others are

root pruning, ceasing cultivation and

girdling.



Some varieties have the habit of form-

ing their fruit buds on the ends of the

limbs and in such cases the spring prun-

ing is done at the sacrifice of a large

percentage of the crop. A light heading

back early in June will tend to cause the

formation of fruit buds lower dOWn and

will also check the heavy upward growth,

and then the spring pruning will not

have the effect on the productiveness of

the tree.



Summer pruning shOuld always be light

as a heavy pruning will decrease the leaf

surface- too much and the tree will send

out new growths in the endeavor to

bring it up to normal. These growths

will rarely ripen up properly before the

4winter sets in and as a result the tree

will be very liable to winter injury.



A light summer pruning of the denser

and heavier growing trees of apples,

pears, plums and peaches will be ben-

eficial to the tree and will save consid-

erable work at the time of the spring

pruning. This pruning should consist of

cutting out or nipping back growths

which are starting out in the wrong

direction and those which will interfere

with or crowd others when they are full

grown, and a slight heading back if nec-

essary.



Summer pruning is decidedly bene—

ficial to the raspberries and blackberries.

The natural tendency of these fruits is

to produce long and willowy canes with

small weak laterals. A slight clipping

back when they are about two and a

half to three feet high will check the

upward growth of the canes and will

cause them to thicken up and send out

strong laterals. Such short stout canes

will stand up better and be more con-

venient to pick. Cultivation and other

operations necessary in the patch will

also be facilitated.



The cutting out of the 01d canes in

the summer shortly after the fruiting

season has almost become a necessity

with raspberries and blackberries on ac-

count of the anthracnose. This disease,

sometimes called raspberry scab, can

not be controlled except by good care of

the patch. Spraying has no effect on

it at all. Cultivation to keep the mois-

ture in the ground, and pruning out the

old canes as soon as they are through

fruiting so as to check the spreading of

the disease from them to the younger

canes are the only effective measures to

be used against the trouble.



Occasiomally grape vines, when the

new shoots get so long as to reach from

row to row or lay on the ground, will

need cutting back some during the sum-

mer. Care must be taken, however, to

not make the pruning too severe as it

may hinder the fruit from ripening up

properly. Anything which reduces the

leaf surface of the vine to any extent

will prevent proper ripening and the





grapes will remain red and hard. Fungus

diseases on the foliage will have the

same effect and for the purposes alone

of keeping the foliage in good condition

spraying would. be profitable.





The cause





of the prevalencce of what was called

the red grape last year was the injury

of the foliage by fungus trouble.



Van Buren Co. FRANK A. WILKEN.





 





THE DAIRY COW ON THE FRUIT

FARM.



The dairy cow on the fruit farm will

be a paying proposition if only a. small

area of .the land can be used for the pro-

duction of feed. On the majority of the

farms in the fruit belt there is some land

that is not desirable for the raising of

orchards, and this can be easily fenced

off and used for pasturing stock. The

point is not to try the dairy business on

a large scale as the land is unsuited for

the production of sufficient feed, and the

fruit farmer cannot hope to compete with

the grain farmer in the raising of live

stock.- The orchard requires considerable

fertilizer and the stable manure is al-

most a. necessity in maintaining and

building up the fertility of the soil. If

the only profit derived from the stock is

represented by the value of the manure,

it will well repay the cost of the extra

labor necessary in caring for a small herd.



In the fruit country there are few dairy

cattle and there is always a good demand

for butter and milk. A certain farmer in

Van Buren county has said, “If the milk

and butter produced from my herd will

pay the cost of their keep, the valuable

fertilizer will be all the profit that I ask.”

it saves him a great deal of money that

would be spent for commercial fertilizers

and stockyard manure, and there is no

exDensive hauling from the railroad sta-

tion to the farm. This farmer also raises

enough corn to put up a quantity of sil-

age every year, and without injuring the

fertility of his orchards, he is able to

raise enough good feed to keep the stock

in firSt-class c0nditi0n. He cannot com-

pete with the grain farmer in raising

milk, butter, or beef and it is simply a

proposition of maintaining the fertility

of the orchard in the most efficient and

inexpensive manner.



The dairy cow is profitable on the gen-

eral farm, but has never been appreciat-

ed in the fruit belt. Specialization seems

to be the watch-word of American indus-

try, but the beef trust, for example, has

become enormously rich because every

available product has contributed its

share to the profit machine. The farmer

who makes one part of his business aid

in the development of another has Solved

the problem of the business man and the

manufacturer.



The fruit farmer who has believed too

thoroughly in specialization should try the

experiment of keeping a few dairy cows.

They will: give him something to do dur-

ing the winter and help to keep the hired

man busy during the dull times. They

will be a source of satisfaction and profit

to the fruit farmers who have entirely

disregarded stock raising, and will aid in

solving the problem of building up and

maintaining the fertility of the soil with-

out the extensive use of so much costly

fertilizers. '



lngham Co. B. G. I{I'B.BY.

THOROUGH CULTIVATION NEEDED



IN JULY.



This is the kind of season and time of

year that reveal the advantages of wise

cultivation. July is always a trying pe-

riod to most crops and in seaFOns when

the preceding month does not supply its

usual quota of rain and the temperature

averages above normal as during the

present year, the situation is augmented.

“'hat the growing plants need to assist

them in their battle with the elements is

a liberal supply of moisture supplied un~

der conditions that do not retard growth.



The only feasible way this can be done

is by cultivation. In the group of states

in which Michigan numbers there is am-

ple waterfall to develop our crops to a,

maximum growth if the water is judi-

ciously conserved. The constant stirring

of the surface soil prevents the evapora-

tion of this water to a large degree. In

the writer’s garden he has found it un-

necessary to irrigate, although some

neighbors have been compelled to do so,

because of the practice of keeping the

land stirred regularly- and that generally

with nothing more than a garden rake.

But to be effective this working must be

systematically followed up so that a. dust





 





may be over the spaces between the rows

continuously. If the work is allowed to

lapse for a time, its renewal may not re-

sult advantageously to the crops. All

corn growers have noted the wilting ef-

fect of cultivation on the corn during a.

hot day when the soil has not been ,work-

ed for a couple of weeks or so; but that

no such reSult follows where the work

has been regular. So in the garden, the

greatest advantage follows the syste-

matic program of culture. '



Moisture does plants the greatest good

phen air penetrates the soil. The pres-

ence of air in the surface soil enables

helpful bacteria to perform their func-

tions and thus assist nature in feeding

the plants. This is why working the gar-

den is followed by more rapid growth of

the plants, and furnishes a sufficient rea-

son for keeping the surface loose and

well stirred.





CULTURE OF TURNlP-ROOTED CEL-

ERY, OR CELERIAC.





 





Can you give me some information

about how to grow and raise turnip-root-

ed celery? I got the seeds sowed in a.

seed bed just like celery seeds are sown.

1 don’t know how to take care of them

farther. .



Allegan Co. J. V.



is a





Turnip-rooted celery, or celeriac,

plant closely related to celery and is cul-

tivated much in the same manner. Al-

though like the celery in many regards

it has a turnip-like root which constitutes

the edible part of the plant. The differ-

ence in culture is almost entirely due to

this difference in the plant—there being

no need of blanching the leaves, the rows

are planted closer together, as near as

will admit; of easy cultivation. The- seed

are usually started in a seed bed or un-

der glass and then transplanted, like cel-

ery, in the field about six or eight inches

apart in the rows. The roots are har-

vested much the same as other root veg-

etables and may be kept in winter by

packing in moss or sand. ,



In many European countries the vege-

table is popular, but Americans have not

gotten accustomed to it yet. It is worthy

of a place, however, and because of its

merits it will in all probability gain a

wider appreciation on this side of the

Atlantic.





SQUASH BUGS.





 





The squash bug is not a beetle. It is

a bug, which is something quite different.

This particular bug is not pretty. It is

not even as good looking as the cucum-

ber beetle. It has a. rusty-black color and

a disagreeable odor. Its long legs and

rather flat body give it an ungainly ap-

pearance.



Squash bugs, like others of their kind,

never bite anything. Therein they differ

from the beetle. Bugs insert their bills

into the succulent leaf or stalk and drink

the juice from the plant. For this rea-

son the arsenates do not affect them.



In the early summer the bug appears.

In a few days the amber-colored eggs are

to be found on the leaves and vines of

squashes, melons and kindred plants, us-

ually on the under side. There may be

three or four or there may be 20 or 30

together. Soon there will be colonies of

spider-like creatures. These are the

young bugs or nymphs.’ Little time is

lost. They at once put in their bills and

drink the sap from the leaf.



As the nymphs grow older they diSperse

over the plant. They pass from this

stage to that of pupa and adult without

interruption. In this they differ from

beetles, who take a vacation during the

pupal stage.



Leaves attacked become yellow. If the

beetles are numerous the whole plant

may be killed.



On the approach of cold weather the

bug finds a refuge .beneath a board, in a.

pile of leaves or under some other rub-

bish. ‘Here it remains dormant till spring

when it comes forth at about the time

the squashes are well started.



The old bug has a hard shell which

protects it against such caustic sprays as

can safely be used on tender vines. The

nymphs, however, are not so fortunate.

An application of kerosene emulsion plays

havoc with them and is perhaps the best

remedy for the young bugs. It may be

that a weak solution of lime-sulphur will

do as well.



Unlike the cucumber beetle, the squash

bug is not driven away by vile odors, per-

haps becauSe it is accustomed to some-

thing about as bad as well can be.



Hand-picking is a. practical remedy. The

bugs are gathered in a dish containing

water and‘enough of kerosene to form

a film over the top. They will swim in





 





‘ respectively, are as follows:





water alone.

kerosene there is an end to them.



Traps of boards or shingles are made

by placing them on the ground about the

vines, one end being raised a little so the

bugs can crawl under. In the afternoon

the bugs will leave the vines and collect

on the under side of these traps. In the

morning they will be sluggish, when it is

easy to gather them by scraping into a.

pan, or they may be crushed.



Planting the squashes among potatoes

is a preventive.

it difiicult to locate the vines among the

dark green foliage of potatoes. Some-

times such vines will escape the depre-

dations of the bug throughout the season.



The insect is named from the squash,

but is nearly as bad on the pumpkin and

cucumber. It will not refuse a melon,

though it chooses the others in prefer-

enc.



Cucumber beetles are often erroneously

called squash bugs, but this should not

be. They are not bugs at all and as

the treatment for the two insects is quite

different the mistake in the name leads

to confusion. If they must be called bugs,

which is wrong, then call them “striped

bugs," or any other name that will not

be misunderstood. F. D. WELLS.





SUMMER AMONG THE BERRIES.





 





IVe are prone to let the berry patch go

as soon as the berries are picked, with-

out any attention till mulching time in

early winter. A few days spent in work-

ing strawberries through the summer

will be Well repaid. If the strawberry

bed has produced two crops it should be

gone through with a plow tearing up the

old row, and leaving a strip of young

plants near the center to form a new

row. These will be all but covered with

dirt from the plow, but the harrow run

over the ground will rake off enough dirt

to leave a good stand of plants. We will

thus haVe a new row occupying a strip

of less than a foot wide, while all the in-

tervening space may be cultivated sev-

eral times through the summer. A little

fertilizer scattered along the rows in

August will stimulate the formation of

fruit buds for the Succeeding crop.



Too often the strawberry bed is allowed

to grow up in weeds. If the rows are

not to be renewed by plowing, at least

the weeds should be out before they seed.

After the mower is run over the patch

set fire to the dried leaves and weeds in

a few days while the wind is blowing so

as to carry the flames over quickly with-

out injuring the plants. I



Missouri, H. F. GniNs'rEAD.



(The advisability of burning over the

strawberry patch has been questioned by

progreSslve growers, the effect of the

heat being to destroy many of the plants,

even when the burning is done on windy

days—Eds.)





EXPERIMENTS WITH MUSKMELONS.



According to experiments reported by

the Illinois station, there may be wide

differences in the relative effects of dif-

ferent fertilizers for Gem cantaloupes in

different seasons. Under the conditions

of the experiments, however, it was found

that manuring in the hill proved far su-

perior to broadcast manuring, except

where a very large amount of manure

can be broadcasted. A large amount of

manure used in the hills is conducive to

the production of a large yield of early

melonS. Owing to the expense of the

manure, however, from two and one-

fourth to three .tons of manure per acre

carefully applied to the hills may pro-

duce a greater net profit than four and

a half to 12 tons per acre applied to the

hills or from 16 to 20 tons applied broad-

cast. The addition of raw rock phos-

phate to a moderate amount of manure

in the hills may increase the yield of

early melons, the total yield, and the net

profits in the field planted crop. The use

of a c0mplete fertilizer consisting of

steamed bone, dried blood, and potassium

sulphate, applied broadcast in addition

to manuring in the hill may increase the

total yield. The application of the chem-

ical fertilizer to the hills in place of ma.-

nure is attended with some danger, es-

pecially to the field planted crop, where

the yield may be greatly reduced as com-

pared with no fertilizer treatment.





KANSAS FRUIT PROSPECTS.





 





The condition of fruit in Kansas for

1913 compared with that of 1912 and 1911

Apples. 53,

71, 33; pears. 40. 66, 27; peaches, 26, 53,

10; plums, 41; 60, 36; cherries, 64, 70, 63:

grapes, 79, 73, 69: strawberries. 70. 68. 37;

Egspfiiengfs, 7o, 54. 46, and blackberries,





I





But when they come ‘to the ~





The bugs seem to find'
I EQIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIililillilllIfliflflfliilflflil'lfllflflllllifliflllfllflflfllllflfllfilliliflfliillfllllllliiflllllrill





   





. may. 3.; 1613.",





 





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





E * Grange."





EilllliIlIllIIIII|liIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIHllllllillllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be





first improved. ”





THE JULY PHOGRAMS.’





 





 





State Leéturer's Suggestions for First

Meeting.

Song, “Hail to the Harvest,” No. 124,

n Melodies.



Gr: 52w machine that interests me.

Recitation.

Common



homes. _ H

Song, “Lightly Laugh and Gaily Sing,



No. 180, Grange Melodies.



A rural co-operative laundry.

Reading, “Consumer—Producer."

What qualifications should a

school teacher have? Discussion.

Roll call responded to by each member

giving his experience with or observatlon



of parcel p0st, or suggestion on its im-



provement.





Suggestions for Second Meeting.





Song, selected by Ceres.



Review of one number of

Grange Monthly, by Secretary.



Reading or declamation, “The country

boy’s creed.” ‘



\‘Ve have contests f0r blue ribbon corn,

pigs and cattle—why not for “better ba-

bies?"



Song. selected by Flora.



What could the authorities of our near-

est town or village do to make the town

more attractive, or more convenient. or

of more financial advantage to c0untry

people who trade there? Discussion.



Are the town people or the farmers to

blame for the late hours the stores are

kept open on Saturday nights? 1



“Chip basket,” prepared by Womans

\Vork committee. .



Song, selected by Lady Assistant Stew-

ard.





inconveniences about farm





rural





National





 





 





“IT CAN’T BE DONE."





 





Of all fallacious nations to hug to ones-

self, about the most weakening is that

which whines, “It can't be done, because

it never has been done." One meets this

sort of sentiment in regard to Grange

work every little while. Not that it is

peculiar to the Grange as a whole, for it

isn’t, but it seems to be a state peculiar

to certain individuals and to certain

Granges.



Many a weak Grange would grow strong

and vigorous if it would cut loose from

this deadening weight. Many an officer

would walk into sturdy leadership if he

would say, “Behind me, Satan," to every

temptation to think that new plans won’t

succeed in his Grange simply because they

have never been tried there.



Not all new_plans are wise plans for

everyone, by any means. The point is,

none should be rejected just on account

of its being new. ‘



There are seme little verses deservedly

popular at present which express this val-

uable precept most aptly. Every Grange

officer may well pin this fragment of them

in his hat—or on her mirror:



“Somebody said that it couldn’t be done,



But he. with a chuckle. replied

That “Maybe it couldn’t." but he would



be one



Who wouldn’t say so ’till he’d tried.

So he buckled right] in, with the trace of



a grin



On his face. If be worried, he hid it.

He started to sing as he tackled the thing



That couldn’t be done, and he did it.”



JENNIE BUELL.





 





WASHINGTON STATE GRANGE.





 





The patrons of far-off Washington con-

cluded a busy four-days’ meeting on June

6, it being the 25th annual session of

their State Grange. One of the most

noteworthy actions taken by the dele-

gates was the endorsement of the com-

mission form of government for the state.

The proposition provoked a spirited dis-

cussion but a large majority of the dele-

gates favored it. The proposed measure

provides for the abolishment of all state

offices except governor, secretary of state

and auditor, and for the election of three

commissioners from each congressional

district to serve the year around as ad-

vwory to the governor and to take the

phce of the legislature as the law mak-

ing body.



A resolution favoring the removal of

the tarifl on all farm products, and the

raising of revenueby income. inheritance

tax and increased internal revenue funds

instead was passed almost- unanimously.

The attitude of the Grange on this mat-

ter was an endorsement of State Master

Kegley’s idea of “free trade for one, free

trade for :1. Let on stand steadfast to

this and appeal to farms everywhere to

join with us and wipe every tarifi priv-

ilege of! the books now and forever.”



The, issuance of local bands to be used

as a basis for currency issues by the

government and to b01091 .tender was





" also favored. ,while anthcr resolution





urged that the United WWW





 

 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER

@IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE’TWI





issue a daily report of market conditions,

as is now done by the weather bureau.‘



State-wide co-operation in buying and

marketing, and a boycott on all news-

papers carrying advertisements of whis—

ky, tobacco and drugs were favored.



The legislative committee submitted a

resolution favoring an alien land owner-

ship law substantially the same as that

passed by the California Legislature, and

this was adopted by an overwhelming ma-

jority and with applause. The Grange

declared against fees required of candi-

dates for office before the primary. but

advocated a law requiring all lobbyists

before the Legislature to register, pay a

fee and file a statement of authority to

act and by whom employed.



Memcrial Services for deceased mem-

bers were held, ,with special services for

“Father” 0. H. Kelly. It was decided to

hold the next annual meeting of the

Grange at North Yakima.





 





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





Eaton Pomona was entertained by

Northwest Walton Grange on Saturday,

June 21. More than~100 were in attend-

ance, taxing.the capacity of the host's

small hall to such an extent that the

meeting was largely held out of doors.

The business meeting was short and very

few matters came before it. F. C. Curtis

reported the amount received and dis-

bursed by the committee having in charge

the year book, and this report showed a





net profit of about $125, for which the

Grange extended a vote of thanks to the

merchants who patronized the book. The

resignation of Mrs. Quantrell as treas-

urer was accepted and Mr. Burroughs, of

Hoytville, was elected in her stead. Af-

ter several excellent musical numbers

Mrs. Dora Stockman, of Lansing, a splen-

did speaker and prime favorite with Ea-

ton county patrons, gave a splendid talk

on the subject of “Better Babies for

Michigan," illustrating her talk with

char‘ts. At'Mrs. Stockman’s suggestion

a vote was taken and carried unani-

mously asking the Eaton County Fair

Assoeiation to include in its program this

year a prize for the most physically per-

fect baby in Eaton county. An excel-

lent oration was then given by Miss Win-

ifred Wells, hersubject being “The Con-

servation of the Family.” Miss Wells,

without notes or reference of any kind

went into her subject in a. most thor-

ough and comprehensive manner and

presented her arguments and illustra-

tions to prove her points with the ease

and grace of a finished orator. Mrs.

Chauncey Jewett, of Marshall, a member

of Olivet Grange, closed the program with

a paper entitled “Girls of the Future.”





Keswick Patrons held a good meeting

Friday evening, June 20, in their town.

hall. A fine program was carried out,

and a good time had by the many who

attended. An abundance of music was

furnished by the Keswick Cornet band,

both before the program began and at

intervals throughout the evening. The

refreshments consisted of ice cream and

cake and as soon as these were disposed

ofOthe toastmaster, Dr. A. W, Mebert,

took charge. The formal address was

madeby Hon. Frank Hamilton, who told

of pioneer days and of pioneer roads

through Leelanau county. He followed

with information regarding the present

need ofx better highways and explained

how these could be obtained. R. H. Els-

worth, of Grand Traverse Grange, spoke

briefly of the work of the Grange and

urged that this institution be used to its

fullest extent, as it is the best piece of

machinery in exiStence for giving ex-

pression to the desires of those who live

in the rural sections. Excellent recita-

tions and readings, a boxing match and a

wrestling match were other features of

the program.



Charlevoix Pomona met with Marion

Center Grange on June 12, with a very

good attendance. Bro. E. H. Clark, the

new lecturer, had a very interesting pro-

gram prepared. In ‘the afternoon, C. H.

Bramble, secretary of the Grange.Life

Insurance Company, gave a talk on life

insurance and explained many things that

the members have not underStood before.

Hon, R. W'. Paddock, of Charlevoix, gave

a very interesting talk on "Sanitation on

a Dairy Farm." The different breeds of

cattle were discussed by the following:

Wm. Withers (Holsteins); Wm. Me-ars,

(Shorthorn-s); Walter Black (Jerseys); E.

S. Stacks (Ayrshires). After this John

Knudsen gave a short talk on “Beauties

of Farm Life." In the evening E. S.

Stacks, of Charlevoix, and C. H. Bram-

ble gave addresses on ”Alfalfa” and

"Farm Credits” respectively—L, D. Will-

son. Sec.



Clinton Pomona held an interesting and

instructive meeting with South Riley

Grange, WedneSday, June 18. It will hold

the next regular meeting with Ovid

Grange, July 16. The annual picnic will

occur on the fair grounds at St. Johns,

Wednesday, August 20, with John G.

Ketcham, Master of State Grange, as

speaker.——Cora. Sowle. Sec.



Nunlca Grange, of Ottawa county. held

a meeting on the evening of Flag day,

Master Libbey giving an appropriate talk

on the desirability and necessity of hav-

ing a flag in every American home. Af-

ter a short business session the members

retired to the lower hall where strawber-

ry shortcake was served.





COMING EVENTS.





 





 





Pomcma Meetings.





. Clinton ,Co., with Ovid Grange, Wed-

nesday, July 16. »





Picnics and Rallies.

Montcalm-Gratin furmers’ rally and

picnic, at Sumner. Wednesday, July 23.

Bate Master Esteban, speaker.





_"





z:

E





   





ill





E Farmers’ Clubs _





HEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllIIHIlIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIllllllilllllillilillllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIEI

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





President—J35. N. McBride. Burton.



Vice-President—C. B. Scumy, Almont.



Secretary~Treasurer—Mrs. C. P. John—

son, Metamora.



Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. Wm. T.

McConnell, Owosso. .



Directors—C. P. Johnson, Metamora;

H. W. Chamberlain, White Lake; \l'm,

T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spaulding.

Belding; R. J. Robb, Mason; J. F. Rei~

man, Flint.





IIIIIII





 





Aseoclational Motto:

The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer's most valuable asset.





 





Associatlo-nal Sentiment:

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.

THE TORRENS SYSTEM OF LAND

TRANSFERS.





 





Some years ago the State Association

of Farmers' Clubs actively interested it-

self in the proposition of promoting sent-

iment favorable to the adoption of the

Torrens system of land transfers tin

Michigan. For a number of years this

question was discussed and resolutions

favoring the adoption of the system were

passed at at the annual meetings of the

State Association. As a result of this

consideration of the subject a bill was

first introducced in the Michigan Legis-

lature providing for the establishment of

the Torrens system of land transfers in

this state by ex-associational President

Kimmis, then a member of the Legisla-

lure. Although considerable support was

gained for the' proposition it failed of

passage, as it did in future sessions where

it was introduced, largely, the friends of

the measure believed, because of the ac—

tive opposition of those who were inter-

ested in the abstract business in the

various counties of the state, whose buS-

iness would gradually become smaller

under the operation of a law providing

for the establishment'of the Torrens sys-

tem, although the proposed bill made it

optional rather than compulsory for prop-

erty owners to come under the law.



Finally, becoming discouraged by the

outlook, or attracted to the consideration

of other public questions, the matter was

dropped by the State Association of

Farmers’ Clubs. We believe, however,

that the time has come when this im-

portant proposition could again be taken

up with profit by the organization. With

nearly all the important foreign coun-

tries and something like ten of the

states of the Union having this system in

successful operation, there is no legiti-

mate reason why the people of Michigan

should not profit by its very apparent

advantages.



One of the most recent states to adopt

this system is Ohio, where a campaign

has for many years been in progress to

that end and many difficulties were en-

countered including constitutional objec—

tions which made the first law passed in-

valid. The Objections were later remov«

ed by the submission of a constitutional

amendment proposed by the constitutional

convention in 1912, which at last fall's

election was ratified by a very large ma-

jority, the second largest given for any

of more than 40 amendments submitted.

Last winter the Ohio Legislature again

passed a law providing for the adoption

of the system in Ohio. I



Inasmuch as such general and long

continued interest has been shown in

this proposition by the Farmers’ Clubs of

Michigan, we shall in future issues pub-

lish a leading Ohio attorney’s opinion with

regard to the comparative advantages of

the two Systems, which will reveal many

salient features of the Ohio law.





 





THE FARMERS’ CLUB AS A_ CO-

OPERATIVE UNIT.





 





In a recent issue it was pointed out

that the Farmers’ Club might very prop-

erly be made the unit for business or-

ganizations in a great many Club com-

munities of the state. A recent Minne—

sota bulletin states that in that state at

least one Farmers’ Club has met with

success along this line. This bulletin

deals with egg marketing and typical

cases of successful co-operative market-

ing are mentioned, one case being where

the local creamery was made the unit

of organisation for this purpose and the

other where an organization lmown as

the Dassel Farmers’ Club was made the

unit for successful "business organization

along this line. »





19—19





As pointed out in a previous comment,

it is probable that, as organized and con-

ducted in Michigan, the Farmers’ Club

as such would not be adapted to com-

mercial enterprises of this kind, but the

Club membership could well be made the

unit for the beginning of an organization

of this kind in any Community along any

particular line which might seem desir-

able, and there could be no better place

than the Farmers’ Club to take up the

preliminary discuSsion of such a prob-

lem, which is essential to a successful

organization of this kind.



To a. very limited extent this has been

shown to be practical in some Michigan

Club communities, but the opportunities

f0r successful work along this line are

so great that more Club communities

should avail themselves of their organi-

zation f0r at least the diScuSSiOl’l of the

possibilities of community business or-

ganization for the marketing of common~

ly produced products. This is the be-

ginning of an era of this kind of organ-

ization and probably the Farmers' Clubs

of the state could do no more beneficial

work at this time than to take up the

discussion of this line of work in their

monthly meetings.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





 





 





Club Ladies Have Organization—The

June meeting of the Indianfields Farm-

ers’ Club was entertained by Mr. and

Mrs. Charles \V. Smith at their pleasant

home on West Burnside street, which

proved to be a very interesting meeting.

One question for general disoussion was

“In which is the most profit, buttermak-

ing or poultry raising?” Leaders, Mrs.

S. G. Ross and Mrs, James Paul. Both

ladies read excellent papers and were

decided a draw. “Is gardening worth

while?” Leader Mr. Anger. Several of

the members took an active part in the

discussion in favor of farmers having a

garden. Reading, Rev. T. D. Denman.

“Flower game.” by Mrs. T, D. Denman.

Mrs. Ellen Purdy received the prize for

guessing the greatest number of flowers.

The question box contained a large num—

ber of questions which were thoroughly

discus-Sod. At the close of the meeting

all assembled on the beautiful lawn where

refreshments were served by Mrs. Ina.

Smith. The ladies of the Club have an

organized embroidery club, with presi-

dent, vice-president and secretary. They

sew or embroider, just as they prefer,

before and during the meeting. Last year

they had a booth at the county fair fill-

ed with beautiful fancy work and receiv-

ed first premium, which was $20.00. This

money is used to procure flowers for any

member who may be ill.——Mrs. Margaret

Arnold, Cor. Sec.





Wiil Celebrate the Fourth—The Wixom

Farmers’ Club was entertained in June

by Mr. and Mrs, B. A. Holden. A large

crowd was preSent and great interest was

manifested. New members were receiv-

ed. A federated committee was arranged.

consisting of one member from the

church, one from the Grange, one from

the school, and one from the Farmers'

Club, to work together to promote the

best interest of the community, Arrange-

ments were made for our annual picnic

which will occur July 4 at Wixom.—MI‘S.

R. D. Stephens Cor. Sec.





Small But Enthusiastic Meeting.—The

Ceresco Farmers' Club was very pleas-

antly entertained June 25. by Mrs. Jos.

Cunningham at her home in Marshall. A

small number of members were present

but a very good time was had by all

present. After dinner the meeting was

called to order by President Crosby, and

all joined in singing ”America.” The

Lord’s Prayer was then repeated by all.

Mrs Mary Hall, the secretary, reported

the last meeting, which was approved. A

piano solo by Alice Cunningham gave

great pleasure and the conundrum, “How

many apples did Eve eat?” by Mrs. King

caused much laughter and guessing. Two

instrumental pieces by Miss Markham

were much enjoyed. Hazel Crosby sur-

passed herself in two readings, and Miss

Markaret Powell’s songs were fine. J.

H. Brown, of the Battle Creek Inquirer,

told us all about the home-coming to be

held in Battle Creek August 19 to 25,

Some committees were appointed. Mrs.

King sang an old song and the meeting

closed by singing “God be Witn You ’l'ill

We Meet Again.” The Club was invited

to help in the “old time exhibits" at the

home-coming, by Mr, Brown—Mrs. P.

M. King, Cor. Sec.





 





BOOK NOTICE.





 





 





“Farm Management,” by Prof. G. F.

Warren, of New York State Agriculturfi‘l

College at Cornell I’nivrrsity. In this

volume Prof. Warren gives the details of

a. very careful study of Eh»: business prin-

cxples of farming. which he presents un-

der the following chapter heads: Shall

I_be a Farmer: Types of Farming; Diver-

s1fied and Specialized Farming; Intensive

and .Extensive Farming: Maintaining

Fertility; The Farm Management Point

of View on some Live Stock Problems

Size of Farms: Size of Farms and Other

Factors in Different Regions of the Uni-

ted States; Population: Method of Rent-

ing Lands: Farm Labor; Equipment; Lay-

out; Cropping Systems; Marketing Farm

Products; Farm Records and Accounts:

Cost Accounts: Choice of a Region;

Choosing and Buying a. Farm; and Some

Successful Farms. The volume is illus-

trated, contains nearly 60 pages, is bound

in cloth and can be secured through the

Michigan Former offico at $1.75 net per

volume. Published by the MacMillan Co.
20 4—20





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





JULY 5, 1913.





 





 





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E ' o o E

Pract1cal Sc1encc.



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HOW A HERD IS INFECTED WITH

TUBERCULOSI$.'





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.



Tuberculosis may be introduced into a

healthy herd in a number of ways:

1. By the purchase of a bull or other

animal that is infected with the disease.

This animal may be apparently healthy

at the time of purchase, but if it con-

tains the germs, the diSease may develop

and spread to other cattle. New animals

should be bought only from a herd that

is known to be healthy.



2. By feeding calves with milk, butter-





milk, or whey that has come from tu-

berculous cows. A farmer may have a

healthy herd, but if he brings home





skim-milk from a creamery and feeds it

to his calves he may give them the dis-

ease. Such milk should be rendered safe

by boiling 0r pasteurizing it.



3. By showing cattle at fairs and ex-

hibitions where no proper care is taken

to keep out diseased stock or to disinfect

the stables.



4. By shipping animals in cars that

have not been disinfected, as these may

have recently carried diseased cattle.



5. By allowing cattle to graze with

diseased ones, or to come in contact with

them over fences.



The Tuberculin Test.



Tuberculosis develops so slowly that in

many cases it is months and sometimes

years before any symptoms are shown.

During this period the infected animals

can not be distinguished from the hcal-

thy in any ordinary way. There is a

teSt, however, which does no harm to the

healthy yet detects the diseased prac—

tically without fail. This is known as

the tuberculin test, because the sub—

stance used in making it is called tuber—

culin. ‘



Tuberculin is a fluid containing the pro-

ducts of the tubercle germ without the

germs themselves. As it contains noliv-

ing germs, it can not convey the disease.

Great skill is required in its preparation.

A special fluid (or culture medium) is

prepared and the tubercle bacilli planted

in it, great care being taken to keep all

other germs out. The. fluid is then placed

in a special kind of incubator and kept

at the temperature of the animal body.

Under these conditions the germs grow





and multiply. Gradually the fluid be—

comes filled with the product of the

germs. “'hcn the right point is reached





the iluid is heatcd sufficiently to kill the

germs, which are then strained out. The

remaining fluid is tuberculin.



Tuberculin does not harm healthy cat-

tle, even in large doses. but on diseased

animals it produced a marked effect. This

is shown by a feverish attack which

comes on about eight to 12 hours after

the tuberculin is administered, lasts a

few. hours, and then subsides. This tem-

porary fever is called the reaction, and

the animals which show it are called re—

actors. ’,l‘hc value of the tcSt lies in the

fact that diseased animals react or show

fever and other symptoms, while healthy

ones do not.



Reliability of The Test.



The tuberculin test in the hands of a

competent and experienced man is much

more accurate than any other method of

detecting tuberculosis. The records of

large numbers of tests made by govern—

ment officials show that with certain pre—

cautions it is accurate in 98 per cent of

the reactions obtained. This gives amar-

gin of a possible two per cent of error,

and this small number may be still fur-

ther lessened by care in making the test.

For practical purposes any animal that

reacts must be considered tuberculous.



Limitations of the Test.



The test should not be applied to cows

that have just calved or are about to

calve, as the temperature at this time

is very apt to vary considerably from the

normal. For this reason it should not

be applied to any animal that is in fev-

erish condition from any cause.



The test fails to detect the presence of

the disease in the animal that is very

recently infected. The disease has made

a little progress before the test reveals

its presence, and in the beginning of each

case there is a period between the en-

trance of the germs into the body and the

time when they have multiplied sufficient-

ly for the test to reveal their presence.

This is called the period of incubation and

lasts from ten days to two months.



When the disease is far advanced and





 





the animal is wasting, the test some-

times fails to detect it. This is,_ not of

much practical importance, as such cases

can generally be recognized without the

aid of tuberculin.





A NEW POTATO DISEASE.

Attention was recently called by Path-

ologist I. E. Melhus of the Department of

Agriculture, to a disease of the potato

which, though little known, is becoming

wide-spread in the United States. This

is the silver scarf, which attacks and de—

stroys the outer skin and causes discolor—

ation and loss 0f moisture. Silver scurf

in its early stages of infection under

moist conditions causes blackish olive

patches on the surface of the potato.

Later the potato is covered with de—

pressed patches of greater or less extent

and as the disease progresses the infect—

ed areas increase in diameter and the

fungus penetrates deeper into the tuber.

As a result it is not uncommon to find

the whole surface of a potato discolored,

shrunken, and Shriveled. Mr. Melhus

first found diseased specimens in the fall

of 1912 in two barrels of potatoes ship-

ped to \Vashington, D. C., from western

New York. Later it was found on Irish

Cobblers bought in the \Vashington mar-

ket in December, 1912. These potatoes

were raise-d in Maryland about 15 miles

from the capital. More recently the dis-

ease has been found in potatoes from Vir-

ginia, Vermont, Maine, Kansas, VVeSt

Virginia, New York, Florida, and \Viscon-

Sin, which tends to show that it may

be quite generally distributed through-

out the eastern half of the United States.

In order to gain some idea as to the

amount of silver scurf present on pota~

toes being used for seed prposes this

spring several days were spent examin—

ing seed stock being planted in the vicin—

ity of Norfolk, Va. In 10 of the 500 bar-

rels examine-d the amount of silver scurf





 





 





ranged from 25 to 90 per cent, and in

another 10 it varied from about one to

25 per cent. Another collection, consist-





ing of 25 barrels that had arrived from

Aroostock county, Maine, showed about

25 per cent of silver scurf. Still another

collection from Maine needs mention. It

consisted of 15 barrels grown in the

south-central part of theistate. The col-

lection showed 25 per cent of silver scurf.



Experiments have been made with the

use of formalin solution similar in

strength to that used for scab. One test

showed that this treatment—«0.8 per cent

formalin solution—either killed or mate—

rially inhibited the growth of the fun-

gus, while another test condcted by the

officials of the Department of Agricultre

did not produce so satisfactory results.

Experiments are now in progress to de-

termine further the value of formalin as

a means of controlling this disease.





 





CA I AI ()(k NOTICF’Q.





 





“Learn New to Protect your Buildings

from Lightning.” Just how the system

should be erected, why joints and sharp

angles should be avoided, where and how

deep the groundings should be, why

points should extend above each promi-

nent feature of the buildings—these and

all questions relating to the .protection

of buildings from lightning are clearly

answered in an interesting booklet is-

sued by the .T. A. Scott Co., Department

.1, Detroit, Mich. If your buildings are

not protected drop a postal card to the

aboVe address and get a free copy of

this booklet.



\Vitte Engines,

factory to users,





direct from

are fully illustrated in

a. large size 32-page catalog sent by

\Vitte Iron \Vorks Co., Kansas City, MO.

The many types of gas engines manufac-

tured by this concern, with details of

construction, are fully illustnated. Write

for catalog No, 43, mentioning the Mich-

igan Farmer.



Marlin repeating rifles and shot guns,

manufactured by the Marlin Fire Arms

Co., New Haven, Conn., are illustrated

and described in detail in their new 128-

page catalog, published by this well-

known company.





sold only





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BOOK ‘ NOTICE.





 





“Making the Farm Pay,” by C. C.

Bowsfield, is a treatise on many phases

of farming, including general and special

crops, live stock, fruit, etc.





topics. 192 pages. 5x7 inches. Price, $1.

Published by Forbes & Co., Chicago, Ill.





 





Farmer-stOCkmen as a rule are retain-

Ing their go'od breeding female cattle, as





well as their best steer and female calves, ,





and consequently the receipts in the mar-

kets of the country are on a rather lim-

ited scale, resulting in high prices. ,





 





 





More Rye





 

 





are suitable for rye, but the





 





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, film it II M





McCormick Block, Chicago

Bank a. Trust Bldg" Savannah





/ Rye, serves the double purpose‘of -a

cover-crop or a grain crop. Infieitl'lcr .

case. it pays to use the right kind of



fertilizer on it—the kind that Contains enough Potash to balance



the phosphate. The mixtures we have told you to use on wheat





,_,_ POTASH





may be even higher, since rye uses

more Potash than wheat.



Use. from 200 to 400 pounds per acre of a

fertilizer’ containing 6 to 8 per cent. of potash.

If your dealer does not carry potash salts‘,’

write us for prices stating amount wanted,

and ask for free book on ”Fall Fertiliz-





,





ers.’ It will show you how to save

money and increase profits in your fer-

tilizer purchases.





Potash Pays.





GERMAN KALI WORKS, Inc.





42 Broadway, New York



Em ieRid ., ill

Whitney Central Bank Bldg, Ilcw origans g ‘ an .

25 California st. San Francisco





 





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APEC

ENSILAGE. CUTTER





Lighest Running Silo Filler Made





It cuts and elevates the highest quality of sil-

age at minimum cost for time, labor and re-

pairs. Builtof iron and semi-steel; gear driven

throughout; easily set up: fed from ground:

convenient to operate; fills highest silos; al-

most any power will run it; costs less for up-

keep, and barring accidents will lasta life-

time._ It throws as well as blows and the sil-

age is elevated in a steady stream, not in

bunches; it operates at slow speed and it is

absolutely safe. .Our catalog which explains

the construction in detail is mailed free upon

request.





PAPEC MACHINE co.. Box 50 ‘.SI:ortsviIlc,N.Y.





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25 Convenient Dz'str‘louting‘ Points





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BOSS sno FILLEBS





 





Backed up by



83 years of experience



The Rose is the only machine of this type that

is equipped with steel cutting a paratus.

steel blower disc. and steel truc . Other

machines of this type are furnished with cast

iron cutting apparatus, cast iron blower disc.

The steel equipment makes the Ross Indee-

tructlble. and the most reliable and durable

silo filling machines on the market. Strong

claims made for strength. capacity, durabil-

ity and ease in feeding. Ask for large catalog





 





 





The E. W. Ross Co., Box 114 Springfield. Ohio





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Also a num-v

ber of chapters on related agriculturalfi





 





 





“ Wonderful improvements of 1913 I

, Ohio” eclipse anything ever before

produced. One lever controls allmovements I





 





-—reverses by wood friction at finger rea-

aure. Self-feederf-with famous “Bull, 033’

grip. Patented Direct Drive—Shear out— |

non-explosive, non-clogging. Enormous ton-

nage on half mch cut—50 to 250 tons a day—‘

6.to 15 h. p. 20-year durability. “Ohio-cut"

Silage famous-cuts all crops. Used by Ex-

er‘ment Stations everywhere. Guaranteed. I





any big new features this year.

Write for free catalogue, I

- also send 10¢: for 264-page





   





, 7r.“ . -

iii-Jill





book, “ odern Silage I

—uj,i...— II .





Methods.

THE SILVER MFG. co.

Salem, 0hlo Q





wmr: FOR BOOK





 

 

 





 





Does not cut the potatoes—misses



none—leaves the potatoes clean on



the ground. Vines do not-interfere



githdthenyvorking of the

ow en Her.



The Dowden Digger is ful-

ly guaranteed - fast. clean

and durable; Thousands in

use all over the world. It’s

the Digger that meets every

demon .

cuticle“ cont frog ,



_ I-Ito no .toda





 





 





 





 





DOWDEN PERET POT

Solves Half the Cost of Harvest

Simple, strong durable, always in order. Works

in all soils at various depths, hillside and level.





New Silo Book





FREE





It's full of valuable infor-

mation for every farmer

and stock raiser. Tells all

about the specml and

exclusive features of the

famous

INDIANA sun



Twenty-Five Thousand in

use.'Write and learn why

it is best and cheapest and

get our New Silo Book Free.





INDIANA SILO COMPANY





The lax-gut makers of Silol In the

world. Address nearest factory:

552 Union Elam. Anderson, Ind.

52 Indiana Bldg. , Den Moinea. In.

582 Silo Bldg" Kansas City, Mo.





   





 





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iliilli giilli





"make good" because they‘re mil. good.

And they've been getting better every

year for 15 years. If you want to be

treated right, order a Kalamazoo now.

We prepay freight. Get our catalog: It





tells the whole story. Add!“ Bull. 30.





KALAMAZOO IAIIK 85 SILO 00.

Kalamazoo, Mich. Kenna c’y, Mo.

Minneapolis. Minn.

llo. FLVlorthJox.





 





Farmers, Attentionll

Buy Your Fertilizers Direct! Why?





You save salary and expenses of

high priced men—You save dealer's

profits—You get better value for

the money invested.



For an honest bag of fertilizer try such brands is:

GIANT CROP GROWER. FARMERS’ GRAIN and

GRASS SHOWER. SPECIAL FISH and POTASH.

SPECIAL TRUCK and POTATO.





We also carry a full line of farm chemicals for

home mixers. Write today for prices. Try us

and be convinced. Address





Farmers United Bone Fertilizer Co., Box 317 Reading. Pa





Eli Motor Baler





Capacities 2% to 3 tons per hour. Built 80 engine

can easily housed as a. portable general utility en-

gine. Runs press without belt or sprocket chain.





Complete Line clo, 6 and



Horse and 12 ll. .

Power Balers _ ' ' ,_ Double

Engine





 





   





   





 





   





   

 





 

 





 





 





 





 





The Largest and Boot Line of





Road Machinery





We have been making it for over-35 years.



Everything for Road Building. The oldest.



Company in the business with the Latest



Improved Machinery. Send for hand-

illustrated cute. 0





somely l 3— FREE.

THE AIISTIII WESTERN ROAD MACHINERY 00.. 0"chth





ATO DIGG ER





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I313 Elm urea, PPCII'Ingt-yr ll-





 





 





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