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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





VOL. cxu. No. 2. ;

Whole Number 3651.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1913.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

$2 FOR 5 YEARS.





 





Equipment of Up-to-Datc Dairy Farm





ness great emphasis must be placed



on finding suitable markets. If the

cows and surroundings are clean, well-

kept and have a thrifty and prosperous

air, one can find better markets for his

products. Let us consider the farm as a

unit in order to see what can be done

for its better organization, convenient ad-

ministration and the air of thriftiness

and cleanliness which ought to charac-

terize it.



Clean, dry yards are the first step to-

Ward producing clean and sanitary pro-

ducts. If the barn is built on low, wet

land, and the cows compelled to wade

through a mud—hole when going out and

in it is almost impossible to produce clean

milk. “'henever possible it is best to

locate the barns and yards on well-

drained land.



Other conditions

always best to locate

the buildings so that

the business can be

most econOmically and

efficiently conducted.

Providing the water

supply, drainage aspect,

protection and general

outlook is favorable, the

barn and cow yards

should be located as

near as possible to the

geographical center of

the farm. It is im-

portant, of course, that

the buildings be locat-

ed within easy access

to the public road, and

in case the road touches

only one side of the

farm, this may justify

an eccentric location.

The main points to con-

sider are the saving of

labor in handling the

dairy herd and coming

and going from the

buildings to various

parts of the farm, or

between the buildings

and the stores, markets

and railway station.



Good sanitary stabling

is an integral part of

success in the effort to

produce clean products.

The demand for clean

products and the prac-

tical experience of dairy

farmers i s rapidly

evolving a fixed type of

dairy barn. This barn

is about 36 feet wide

and as long as may be

necessary to accommo-

date the size of the herd. \Vhen so

constructed there are two rows of cattle

facing outward, with a ten-foot drive be-

tween through which a manure spreader

or litter carrier can be- driven for the re-

moval of the manure. It affords plenty

of room to facilitate the work of feeding

the cows and removing the manure. As-

suming that we have a two-foot wall,

which -I believe is correct, the 36 feet

inside measurements may be divided in

the following manner:



“,Two feeding-alleys 5% ft.

its: twomangers 11,4, ft. each, or 3 ft;

twoflstanding platforms 4% ft. each, or

9 ft.; two manure gutters 1% ft. each, or

3 ft, and one driveway 10 ft., making a

total of 36 feet. ’



For average- -sized cows the platform

should. be four and a, half feet long,



while the larger and smaller cows should

have platforms governed ~by their size.





I'N building up a profitable dairy busi-





being favorable it is





Only Under





each, or 11





So far as height is concerned I believe

that eight feet is correct. Too high ceil-

ings mean cold stables because the warm

air rises above the cows,

that the air is cold does not necessarily

mean that it is pure. If the ceilings are

low it is difficult to get enough light,

Sunshine and ventilation. As regards

lighting, it is best to avoid extremes.

Plenty of light and sunshine is essential

to the health of the cows. It is, how-

ever, expensive to have too much glass

and glass is colder than a good wall. In

order to get the most benefit from sun-

shine the barn should stand north and

south. This provides sunshine and light

mornings and afternoons. Southern slopes

which permit the sunshine to fall on the

barns and yards make them more san-

itary.



Concrete floors and mangers are easily

kept clean, comfortable for the cows, and





and the fact





swing stanchion is the best form of tie-

up, and that stanchions of angle iron or

iron pipe are more satisfactory than

those built of wood. The neck bars are

small and allow the cow more freedom

and are less likely to break. If the best

milk is desired, it is very essential to

have a chain that can be put under the

cow’s throat and prevent her from lying

down just before milking time.



The silo has won the rightful esteem

of succeszul dairymen. It furnishes ex-

actly what is wanted to maintain the

dairy cow's system in perfect normal

health in winter. Succulent feed is crav-

cd by every animal at all seasons of the

year. Tender and nutritious pasture

grasses make a ration perfectly suited to





dairy cows and hard to imitate. The

longer the pasture season the better the

cows thrive. ’l‘he dreaded gap between





fall and spring pasturing or during se-





choice products in a house that is foul

smelling and filthy.



Convenient and efficient systems of

watering the cattle and to supply the

milk house save much unpleasant labor

and help to keep the cows up to maxi-

mum production. Individual watering

basins by the side of each cow are a

good thing, but they should not serve as

an excuse for keeping the cows inside

all of the time, for they need the run of

the yards every day, although it is not

advisable to keep them out for very long

periods if the weather is cold and stormy.





Location plays an important part in

determining which branch of the dairy

business to pursue. For milk or cream





selling the farm must necessarily be lo-

cated near the market, or near seine ship-

ping station. For producing butter or

chccSe. or raising dairy stock to sell, it

may be located far from a public con-



chance or market; in





 





Conditions Affording the Greatest Comfort





give a. more substantial and attractive

appearance to the stable. From a sani-

tary point of view shallow mangers with

iron partitions are preferable, but in ac-

tual practice I like to have the mangers

high enough so that the cows cannot

throw their feed out of reach, and so

guarded that they will not be reaching

for their neighbor’s feed. Then cows

are sometimes injured by slipping and

sliding on the platform while reaching

over the low manger. The ideal manger

is made in‘a single continiious trough the

full length of the row of cows. Divisions

of iron thatt-can be raised and‘lowered

can be used to separate the cow's ra-

tions at feeding time; Such a manger

can be swept out and used as a, watering

trough in case it is desired to water the

cows in the stable.



Most dairymen agree that in regard

to cost, durability and cleanliness a good





 





Does the Dairy Herd Reac h its Maximum Performance.

W





/.

vere periods of drouth is spanned by the

silo. If possible, one should have two

silos; one for winter and one for summer

feeding. Properly constructed and situ-

ated in a convenient place to facilitate

the 'work of feeding the herd, the silo

adds to the efficiency of the farm and

greatly reduces the bills for purchased

feedstuffs. If kept painted and in good

condition it adds to the beauty and at-

tractiveness of the premises



I) very dairy farm should have a clean

and sanitary milk house, well supplied

with cold water and ice during the sum-

mer. Such houses should be away from

all contami‘hating influences and kept

clean and free from taints and foul odors.

Concrete floors and plastered walls are

more sanitary than wood. Whitewashing

the walls and ceiling occasionally will add

to the'general appearance and sanitation

of the dairy house. One cannot make





fact, for these purposes



the adavantagcs of a.



farm remote from mar~



ket or public convey-

ance may be more fav—

orable than near, as

land is much higher and

help more expensive

near a market and

transportation lines.

Some of the cheaper

farms are best suited to

raising hay. corn silage

and pasture grasses.

Such farms are cheaper

and can be put to no

better use than support-.

ing milch cows and:

raising young stock to

sell. By having the

cows freshen during the

season of the year

- when milk producers are

usually short, a ready

market can be found for

all the young cows one

can raise. Buyers are

continually scouring the

country for likely young

dairy cows because it is

becoming more and

more difficult to find

them at a time when

needed in their herds.

By producing summer

milk and raising young

cows to sell the dairy

farmer on cheap lands

further from shipping

stations and markets

can show as large prof-

its at the end of the

year as those in the

more favored sections.

Many milk producers are paying from $80

to $100 for the right kind of young cows

from five to seven years old. Such cows

can be made to pay their keep and as

soon as they drop two or three calves

they will have paid every expense and

leave good profits for the man who rais-

ed them. To grow and develop a grade

dairy heifer to the age when she begins

production ought not to cost more than

$40 on cheap lands and the net income

from the dairy in the summer ought to

pretty nearly pay operating expenses of

the business.



The production of clean products begins

at the farm and unless the dairyman

gets his farm efficiently organized to pro-

duce the best grade of products he will

not be in a position to take advantage

of the broadening outlet for products.

produced under_ ideal conditions of. clean-

liness and sanitation. Just how mUéh
,9





value to place upon things that add to

the beauty and attractiveness of the dairy

farm in finding better markets for the

products is difficult to estimate. still

there are very few who will deny that

such things haVe a marked tendency to

create a very satisfying impression

among those who buy the products, more

especially if one is depending upon a

trade where the customers may visit the

farm and inspect its management. The

big hotels. private consumers and ice

cream manufacturers are annually de-

manding more and better cream. while

the whole milk trade, both the city trade

and the big condensary plants are put-





ting hundreds of creameries and cheese

factories out of business. In another

article I shall discuss some of these





broadening outlets for dairy products and

show how it is pogsible for the man with

a well-equipped, attractive dairy farm to

find better markets for his products that

are produced under ideal conditions of

samtatibn and cleanliness.



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





CULTIVATING CORN.





 





This summer has been hot and dry and

consequently the corn has suffered more

or less from want of moisture. The

number of times to cultivate a soil de—

pends upon the character of the soil and

the season. \Vhen the soil has lain for

some time without being disturbed, or

becomes compact after a hard rain, an

ideal condition is formed for the water

to rise by capillary action. Cultivation

prevents this extra loss of water. The

water then. instead of passing directly

from the ground passes up through the

roots and brings the plant food into so-

lution from below. It leaves the plant by

passing out through the pores in the

leaves.



The Indiana Experiment Station con-

ducted experiments on cultivating plots

of corn 8. different number of times. Corn

that was cultivated five times gave an





average yield of 40 bushels per acre,

while that which was cultivated six or

seven times gave the same yield. An-





corn was culti-

nine times showed a decrease of

two bushels per acre. On the other hand

corn that was cultivated three times

Showed a still greater decrease in pro-

duction. The farmer who is only culti-

vating his corn three times can see why,

in one way. his corn crop does not yield

as heavily as his neighbor's who culti-

vated his corn five times.



Few farmers cultivate their corn too

'much. During haying and harvest they

are busy and rather neglect cultiVating.

A one-hundred bushel corn crop can not

be produced unless it is cultivated con-

tinually through the growing season. It

is the general opinion of a great many

farmers. that after corn is too large to

cultivate with a two-horse cultivator.

cultivation should cease. It should not

cease, the one-horse cultivator. should

be used to form a dust mulch and will

increase the production of the corn crop

quite materially, provided there is a lack

of moisture.



The depth of cultivating is very im-

portant. I know in particular. a farmer

who cultivated his corn to a depth of

five inches during dry weather, when it

was three or four inches high. He nearly

ruined the whole crop. it wilted and the

result was a great decrease in the yield.

He believes in cultivating the corn the

same depth all through the season. The

roots of the corn plant grow close to the

surface of the ground and spread out be-

tween the rows. If the cultivator dis-

turbs these roots after the first cultiva-

tion a reduction in yield is sure to re.

suit. The Illinois Experiment Station

performed several experiments along this

line and found that corn cultivated to a.

depth of two inches five or six times gave

the greatest yields.



From these facts it is necessary that

corn be cultivated five times to a depth

of two inches to produce the greatest

yields. A corn crop requires ‘810 tons of

water per acre to bring it to maturity.

or is equivalent to seven inches deep all

over the field. This shows the import.-

ance' of conserving all moisture possible.



Indiana. J. C, KLINE.





other plot in which the

vated





 





COMMON WHITE GRUBS.





 





A thorough study of the white-grub

problem throughout the United States has

recently been undertaken by the Bureau

of Entomology of‘ the, Department of Ag.

riculture, co-operating with the state en-

tomologist of Illinois and with the aid

of .the Indiana Agricultural Experiment





7\St&tion. The subject, is of the greatest





Almpdrtance to farmers, whose co- opera-





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





tion is much needed in carrying out the

work and securing practical results

therefrom. The investigation has only

fairly begun, but the Department will is-

sue ln a week or two 8. Farmers' Bulle-

tin—No. 543—011 “Common White Grubs,”

by John J. Davis. The bulletin is not

intended as a report, but merely a brief

summary of the life history and habits

of the insect and a few notes on the best

known means of controlling it.



Common white grubs or yubworms. as

they are often called, have for years

been recognized as among the most ser-

ious pests to farm crops, notably corn

and timothy, while strawberries, pota-

toes, and nursery plantings, particularly

(if conifers. have all been frequently and

seriously affected.



Probably the most serious outbreak of

white grubs in the history of American

agriculture occurred last year. Injury

was reported from almost every section

of the country north of the Ohio river

and westward to South Dakota. In the

worst infected districts it was not at all

unusual to find from 40 to 60 grubs in a

single hill of corn. Indeed, in a cornfield

near McGregor, Iowa, 77 two-year-old

grubs were found in an area two and

one-half feet square and five inches deep.

In Iowa, “'isconsin and Illinois, the total

damage to corn. timothy. and potatoes

aggregated not leSS than $7,000,000. The

damage to the same crops in the other

infested areas can not be figured at less

than $5,000,000, which brings the total

lUSS in 1912, exclusive of strawberries.

nursery stock, lawns, and miscellaneous

crops, to'not less than $12,000,000.



It is predicted by Mr. Davis that there

will be another outbreak of the grubs in

1914 unless they are materially reduced

by natural enemies. by artificial means.

or by adverse climatic conditions.



An infested field may be thoroughly

cleared of grubs by pasturing it with

hogs, and this method should be followed

wherever possible. Hogs are very fond

of grubs and will root to a depth of a

foot 01‘ more in search of them Such

DaSturing may be done at any time dur-

ing the summer, but it should not be

delayed later than the middle of October,

nor shOuld it be practiced earlier in

spring than April. otherwise the grubs

may be too deep in the ground for the

hogs to reach them. Domestic fowis

should be given the run of infested fields.

and especially when the land is plowed,

for they are very fond of grubs and will

destroy large numbers.



“’here it is impracticable to pasture

hogs in an infested field .much good can

be accomplished by plowing the land in

the fall. The plowing should be done

late in fall, but on» the other hand, it

should not be delayed until cold weather

sets in or until the ground becomes chill-

ed and frosty, for then the grubs will

have gone dotvn to their winter quarters

beyond the reach of the plow. This year

deep plowing at any time in the fall, es-

pecially early fall. will be of special val-

ue in ,those sections where the grubs

were very destructive last year, since

the grubs will then have changed to

pupae and adult beetles, and these will

be' destroyed it the pupal cells in which

they pass the winter are disturbed.



The Farmers' Bulletin is a most inter-

estlng one and may be obtained free on

application to the Secretary of Agricul-

ture or to your senator or representative.



“‘ashlngton, D. C. G. E. M.





IS A BASEMENT lCE-HOUSE. PRAC-

TICAL.





 





 





I would like information on an icehouse

in a basement with a wooden flOOr above.

Would the ice keep?



F. H. T.





Ionla Co.



While there are some rather serious

objections to basement storage for ice,

it would undoubtedly be p03slble to keep

ice succeSSfully in such a place, provid-

ing good drainage is available and suffi-

cient insulating material is used in pack-

ing it. Also some provision should be

made for the circulation of air to prevent

the accumulation of moisture and conse-

quent damage to the wooden floor above.



The essentials to the keeping of ice are

first, to have a minimum surface exposed

to the insulating material. If packed in

a solid cube this condition will be best

complied with; second. the insulation.

which should be sufficient to protect it

from temperature of air or surrounding

walls; third, drainage, which is important

because the lackof It prevents proper

insulation of ice;' fourth, the ice itself

must be so packed as to prevent as com«

pletely as possible the circulation of air

through -the mass. If these conditions

are met a basementor-underground stor-

age will be practicable, although more





to] consideration:





expensive to construct than a. cheap ido-

heuse above ground.





 





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





I am attempting this year at Lillie





Farmstead on a small piece of ground,





five acres. to grow two crops in one sea-

son, and it is a pretty short season ap-

parently. The season was so cold and

backward in the spring that we were

delayed. and this portion of land was

first drilled into early peas for the can-

ning factory. If I remember correctly,

these peas were planted the 17th day of

April. “'9: have just harvested them.

The hot weather brought them on rap—

idly the very last thing. The canning

factory was overworked and could not

handle them and consequently we were

delayed and the last three loads got so

ripe that the canning factory refused to

take them. and I suppose they will have

to be charged up to profit and loss ac-

count. Immediately after clearing the

ground of these peas. which, by the way.

were sown in rows 28 inches apart and

pulled with a common bean puller we

disked the ground with a disk harrow

and sowed a portion of it to soy beans,

and the balance of it to alfalfa.



The splendid rain at week ago wet the

ground down quite thoroughly in this pea

field. and just as soon as we could get

onto the field without having it muddy

we pulled the peas. The bean puller. of

course, worked the surface of the ground

and preserved the moisture. and then

we have followed it just as fast as pos-

sible with the soy beans and the alfalfa.

liut in spite of the rapid work the ex-

ceedingly hot dry Weather has taken a

considerable part of the surface moisture.

You have to go down about two inches

now on this field to get good permanent

moisture. In sowing the alfalfa a por-

tion of this I sowed ahead of the disks

of the wheat drill and disked it in the

same as before, and on the balance of

the field I was afraid it was getting a

little dry unless we should have rain at

once so that the seed would germinate.

and I put the spouts on the grass seeder

attachment into the regular hose on the

drill. and we have put the seed into the

ground in the sameway that we would

wheat or cats. I am no; sure but what

We have got the seed too deep. I am

sure that it is dowu to permanent mois-

ture. but it may be so deep that it; will

not germinate. that is. all of it. and come

up. but I am willing to run the risk of

the cost of the seed and the labor to

find out



This field had alfalfa on it two years

ago and I plowed it up because some

portions of it needed more thorough til-

ing before it could be left permanently

to alfalfa. We had a crop of lime. beans

on the held last year on the alfalfa sod,

and then peas this year. and now I have

re-seeded it to alfalfa. In many places

the alfalfa was not thoroughly subdued

by plowing and working and we had

good. healthy. vigorous plants of alfalfa

scattered all over the-field, but in spite

of this I again inoculated the seed by

taking some dirt from the old alfalfa

field and screening it through a Very fine

screen and using the glue method again.

This time I purchased five cents worth

of glue at the drug store and dissolVed

it in about two quarts of water and pour-

ed this on a bushel of alfalfa seed. I

stirred it up thoroughly until every seed

was moist with this glue water and then

mixed in this fine dirt. Very much of it

stuck to the seed so that if this soil Was

inoculated, and I have every reason to

believe that it was thoroughly, some of

the bacteria are glued to every one of

these individual seeds and ought to givo

almost perfect inoculation.



I am of the opinion that this sowing

of alfalfa will be better than the early

sown this year because of the exceed-

ingly dry weather following the early

sown. IOLON C. LILLIE.





“THE OUTLOOK FOR AGRICULTURE."





 





Dean Eugene Davenport, of the Illinois

College of Agriculture, delivered a fine

addresg before the alumni of the Michi-

gan Agricultural College during the tri-





ennial reunion or East Lansing. The

Subject was. “The Outlook for Agricul-

ture.” and it was considered from the





standpoint of what it means and what

is the outlook. He brought up the fol-

lowing questions that are worthy of care-

W’hat does the future

hold for agriculture in America, who will

rule and where will the American people

get their bread one thousand years from

now? Will the lands be fed or will they





JULY I2, 1913.

be starved until they revenge themselves

upon the lives of the people, and how

will the farms look one thousand years

from now. These were the questions that

are well worth the thought and study of

every progressive American farmer.





Four hundred years ago agriculture was

unknown in America and all the signifi-

cant achievements in this field of en-

deavor have been accomplished in the

last one hundred years. Greece and Rome

burned the candle at both ends and the

proposition before the farmer today con-

cerns conservation and planning for the

future. The forces newly engendered will

depend upon men who stand where the

farmers and scientists are standing to-

day.and there are influences affecting

agriculture which are favorable and un—

favorable, and they are always active

and powerful. There is no more farm

land available without expensive recla-

mation in contrast to the days when land

could be purchased for $1.26 per acre" and

the buffalo rambled over the wheat

lands.



No 'man now born will be a pioneer.

As long as fertile lands were free, no

great prices could be expected for farm

produce and the farmer ranged with un—

skilled labor, but land-hunger has been

a disease ever since the Garden of Eden.

Agriculture is a capitalized business and

the farm must pay an income on the in-

vestment, and the men who cannot make

it pay will soon be driven from the own—

ership of the land.



‘Vhat will the successful farmer do

with his money, buy more land or im-

prove his home, or will he move away

and leave the farm 'to a tenant? The

big question is what we as a people do

with our land. The limited amount of





land is important and not the labor, as





the population can be fed as far as the

labor is concerned. but the farming area

in America that can be added to this

country is now less than the area of the

state of Illinois. J. J. Hill says that

better methods will double the yield with-

out additional expense and long ago Dr.

Miles said that the question is not how

much we. can produce but how much we

can afford to produce.



Fertility has been exhausted by pro-

ducing more than has ever been produced

and now the labor and cost of replacing

this fertility makes expenSlVe food. From

now on a large pronortion of human en-

ergy must be used in producing food. and

the‘questlon of how to sustain and ad-

vance civilization will be of the greatest

importance. There are many forces at

work in the advancement of agriculture

and fifty years ago a, national system of

agricultural Schools was established.

There are few men today that can pre-

dict the future. as such men as Johnson,

Kedxle, and Miles were able to do fifty

years ago and agriculture was not popu-

lar then, nor was it an opening to pub-

lic honors. An evidence of progress is

in the unIVersal demand that agriculture

be taught in all the secondary schools

and some of the best farmers are coming

from the city.‘ Ten per cent of the stu-

dents ut the University of Illinois come

from Chicago and it all means a break-

ing down of the old—time bar between the

country and the city boy. Farming is a

business and as industry is a mode of

life, it will OVerrule and swallow up all

prejudice and all things must yield to

the forces of agriculture. Politics often

inflict colleges and experiment stationl

with its stigma and some of them are

now at the mercy of men who think that

form is more important than the busi-

ness itself.



Upon farmers depends the greatness of

our branch of the Anglo-Saxon race. Will

each of twenty generations of farmers

in the next 500 years live in hOVels on

the farm in order to build mansions in

the city? A people may end their career

in a blaue of glory like a rocket, and at

the present time we stand at the part-

ing of the ways because America has

long enough been exploited for gain to

men, and it may revenge itself upon

those who have destroyed it. The tomes

are now lined up for and against the ul-

timate prosperity of the country and the

farmers must not drift, but study and

work to presume their lands for the gen-

erations of the future



Dean DaVenport stated in a, compre-

hensive manner the great propositions

that are confronting the farmer and the

sciontllt at the present time and helped

to bring us all to a realization of the

far- -reachlng effect of proper methdds of

farming and the responsibility that is





reltlng on the farmers, of America in this .





great age of prosperity.

Insham 00.





R. G. Kmt.
,l





(

l

l.





--Js_u-





 





 





 





 





JULY 12, 1913.





OBSERVATIONS ON son. FERTILITY





AND sou. MOISTURE.





 





How to Improve Run-down Land.





Land that has been farmed for all it

is worth for a number of years and the

crops all taken off and 801d and no ma-

nure put back on the soil is what we

term run-down land. The proper way to

improve it is to grow clover. If you can

get a good heavy clover sod on such land

you have done a great deal towards its

permanent improvement. In fact. it will

raise good crops of almost anything after

you are able to produce good heavy clo-

ver sod. ‘The queStion then is how to

produce the clover sod. Sometimes clover

doesn’t do well.



The last few years I have been pur-

chasing some of this run-down land; one

40 acres in particular. the history of

which I have known all my life just as

well almost as our own home farm. The

pioneer on this farm wasn't very much of

a farmer. He didn’t give his whole at-

tention to farming. He raised something,

of course, but he did not plow well and

harrow well, did not produce big crops,

didn't try to. When he passed away and

the farm was disposed of it fell into the

hands of a hustling man, a man who

plowed and sowed and reaped and drew

the stuff all up to Grand Rapids and sold

it. This man did this year after year and.

year after year, until he paid for the

farm. But we all know he kept no live

stock on this farm at all; nothing was

put back, no green manure crops were

turned under, nothing but an occasional

light sod and the stubble from grain

crops.



This land was never tile drained. When

I purchased it there was a muskrat house

not 15 rods[ from where the old barn

stood. There were one or two other

places on the farm that were never plow-

ed because they were too wet. In a real

wet season you could not get anything to

grow for a. rod around these places. In

a favorable season you could grow crops

pretty close to them. When the season

was right this man got good crops, and

he was a. worker. Ile plowed well and

tilled Well, and in the eyes of the world

made money, because he paid for the

farm. I purchased this farm and at once

put in tile drains. That I thought was

the Very first factor in its improvement.

It (tost about $25 per acre to tile it. The

next year on one particular field, 20 acres,

one—half of this farm, I plowed down a

thin meadow and planted corn. The re-

sult was an extremely poor corn crop.

The next spring I disked this field up and

sowed to oats and peas and used fer-

tilizer. I got juSt an ordinary crop of

peas and oats. That fall we plowed the

land thoroughly, worked it down well,

and seeded to wheat, using 500 pounds of

grain fertilizer per acre. People at first

would say that this was a pretty heavy

application of fertilizer; that it was t0o

much to pay for plant food. But last year

was a poor wheat year and we got 25

bushels of good sound wheat to the acre,

and this year we have got an extremely

tine stand of clover. It is a stand of clo-

ver that is really worth seeing.



Now drainage and commercial fertilizer

have produced this clover; there is no

question about that. From now On I ex-

pect to raise paying crops on this field

no matter what crop I grow. I probably

could have accomplished these results

without the use of fertilizer had I taken

several years more time to do it, but

taking into consideration the time I be-

lieve that commercial fertilizer and clo-

ver is the cheapest and best way to

improve worn-out land, and I think the

wheat crop is the place to put the fer-

tilizer, followed by clover. In this way

you practically assure a good crop of

wheat and a, splendid growth of clover

following. The wheat pays the cost of

getting the land into clover. The other

way you can take more time, you do not

pay out money for fertilizer, but you are

out the use of profitable crops for several

years in succession.



On one strip through this field I made

quite a heavy application of carbonate of

lime for an experiment. The clover is

little better on this strip. You can hard-

ly notice it. The casual observer would

not notice where we put the lime. It.

simply shows that this land yet contains

a sufficient amount of lime. It has a clay

sub-soil. When we were tile draining and

dug the ditch down into the clay subsoil

you could see streaks of lime all through

it, and I was of the opinion that it did

not need lime very badly at the presgnt

time but I wanted to know for sure and

so I made a heavy application on one

strip through the field. This proved to

me that on this soil it would not be prof-





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





italrlo to use lime because the soil doesn’t

need it.

The Conservation of Moisture.



We have had a. splendid Opportunity

again this year of testing the propriety

of rolling and packing the land after it

is plowed and keeping the surface Well

harrowed for preserving moisture. Our

hoed crops have suffered very little from

lack of moisture. Meadows and pastures

and oats have suffered severely. I think

wheat also has suffered from the lack

of moisture. As I stated before, most all

of our land that was plowed this spring

was disked before plowing. This, I think

prevented quite largely the evaporation

of moisture. As soon as the ground was

plowed we pulverized it and rolled it and

horrowed it and kept it packed down,

yet took pains to keep it mellow on the

surface. Many years we have been un-

able to get anything like a stand of corn

on the heavy clay spots because it would

dry out in this way, but this year we

have a fair stand, even on the clay. And

in no place on the field was it so dry

that the cultivator did not bring up

moist earth. Small dry lumps sometimes

prevented the corn from being put in

deep enough so that all of it germinated,

and yet there is a ,very fair stand

even on these worst places. The big

traction engine again. has demonstrated

the fact that it is almost impossible to

pack dry soils too much. Wherever the

land was thoroughly packed with the

traction engine after it was plowed, it has

stood the dry spell better than any other

place, and other places where we have

used the horse roller the land has stood

the drought better than it did where we

did not roll it at all. If land is plowed

up loosely and the weather remains dry

the air circulating through this loose soil

rapidly takes out all of the moisture, but

if you pack it down so that the air can-

not penetrate it too freely and keep the

surface harrowed, it will save all of the

moisture that comes by capillary attrac~

tion from the sub-soil and keep the land

in condition so that plant seed will ger-

minate and plants will grow. The old

saying has been verified, and that is that

You can actually work moisture into land.



COLON C. LILLIE.





BUILDING DIRT ROADS.





 





As there is much written and said at

present about -ro:1d building I will con-

tribute a. leaf from the‘experience of

one of my neighbors, or. perhaps you

might say, from my own observation. I

live on a timbered land road. This road

has been worked for years after the old

style of plowing several furrows by the

side of the road and then Scraping them

into the center. “'e endured this way of

working for years because we knew of

no better. The result was mud, mud. In

the spring of the year when the frost

was coming out of the ground the roads

would be nearly impassable.



Finally an experienced road builder

moved into the road district and, as the

office of pathmaster is not hard to get,

he soon found himself at the head of the

road district. He started out by break-

ing all the traditions of the fathers by

striking a, back furrow through the cen-

ter of the highway. This action was so

unusual that he was Subjected to much

criticism, but he went ahead and back-

furrowed the road from the first back

furrow down to the ditches by the side

of the road. There was a hcavy June

grass sod on each side of the trench and

this he harrowed until the dirt was well

shaken out of the sods. He then struck

a second back furrow right up against

the first and continued the back furrow-

ing‘ until all the ground was plowed a

second time. On some pieces of road he

would strike a third back furrow in the

center of the road, or more if necessary.

The result was the same dirt which was

in the middle of the road at first would

be there still, except that it would be

moved towards the center of the road

from two to four feet. A little dragging

would complete the job.



I have come to the conclusion that the

dirt which is already in the center of

the road is better than any other'for

road building. The rains have washed

the muck out of it, leaving the clay and

gravel for the new roadbed. Such a road

will harden down in an incredibly short

space of time. Such plowing should be

done early in the season before the

ground gets too hard.



Branch Co. 0. A. VANDERBILT.





 





The Michigan Farmer offers excellent

articles in exchange for a. little time.

Write for list of articles and also you

will be informed how easily they are

earned.





3—23





 





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You take no chances when you

USE A. A. C. FERTILIZERS





OUR SOIL may be well cultivated, weather conditions



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The American Agricultural Chemical Co.





Dept. D Detroit Sales Department, Detroit, Mich.





 

   

 





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Do Your Hauling By Daylight





Many a farmer knows the discomfort of rising hours

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BARRED ROCK- EGGS, $1 FOR 15.



W. O. OOF‘FMAN. R. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Micg‘



[Gas—Barred Rock.WhiteWyandotte.SilverSpangled

I





Iamburgs. Light Brahma. 8] setting 81.50 two





settings. Mrs. E. D. BISHOP. Lake Odessa. Mich.





E uaday Barred Rocks. P33. .t‘iolii’ifi'i-i‘?

$1.





per 15. Eggaday Poultry ltaneh. Marshall. ich.





 





HYSTALWHITE ORPINGTOI‘SuExcellentlaying



1 strain. eggs at half price. Broedin stock at

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WILLIS HOUG . Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak. Mich,





' ' Barred Hock. R. 1. Beds. Mam-



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kf l.E .. .perse. 11y per .

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OLUMBIA Wyandottee. Winners at 0hicago.Grand_

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SINGLE COMB BLACK MlNollCA EGGS





 





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B. P. R0 k . R. I. Reds. and S. 0. W. Leghorn esp

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COLON O. LILLIE. Coopereville. Mich.





WHITE LEGHORNS‘SWK°“§“1&%"8£'1.3“?"



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at 81.50.1902 setting“ R. W. MILLS. Saline. Mich.





INGLETS BARRED ROCKS—Birds of uallty and

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' ——Noted for size. vigor and ro-

Whlio wyanihfl.‘ ductlon. 1913 circular r355 p in

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Iu torture the bane

191$? LICE KILLER

(Powderedgnurdfl lice and so

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>

Got gonna Profit-sharing Booklet

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PRA'I'I‘ FOOD‘COMPANY

Philadelphia Chicago





 





 





 





 





FA'RMER





 





JULY 12, 1913.





alumni|lllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHilllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllg

Poultry and Bees.

gllllmllIllllllmlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllIHlllllllllllllllllllllIl|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllI|IlllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi





GIVING POULTRY THE BENEFIT OF

STUBBLE FIELDS.





 





Despite the fact that grain binders do





not waste like men tying by hand, and'





that farmers as a rule do not wait for

their grain to be as dead ripe as they

did a. generation ago, there is still con-

siderable grain remaining in .stubble fields.

It is very rare Indeed that a field is har-

vested without leaving enough on the

land to repay the trouble of giving fowls

access to the field if possible. Apart from

the saving of food, the change does the

fowls a great deal of good, as it is so

complete. From grass, more or less soils

ed, on to clean, sweet-smelling earth with

an infinite variety of weeds and small

seeds to be had for the searching (and

what search so keen as a fowl‘s) is equiv-

alent to an autumnal trip to the seaside

for us. Those who are sufficiently ob-

servant will notice that fowls on oat

stubble will brighten up soonest and lay

the most eggs; thOSe on wheat will be

next; those on barley not so good and

while those on peas and beans may lay

well they will not have quite so clear and

bright a red in the comb. The comb is

so vascular that it indicates the slighteSt

change in the condition of the fowl, just





as does the complexion of a, human be-'





ing, but in a. greater degree.



Fowls do better on stubble fields when

we have a. dry “after—harvest” (Indian

summer). as the grain keeps so much

better, and the fowls’ feet are dry and

comfortable. liut even in showery weath-

er they are better for the change, and

the grown grain does them no harm.

This is one of the curious things one con:

stahtly meets with that are past all un-

derstanding. Newly threshed wheat,

straight from the field, which has never

undergone the process of curing in the

stack, will cause scours and throw young

birds very rapidly out of condition. Corn

is'a food to be used at all times with great;

(liFt'l‘ctlon, and though from its compo-

sition it is more suited for winter feed-

ing, yetl never find corn of greater value

than for mixing with new grain soon af-

ter harveSt in. the proportion of one to

two. \Vhen all the hens are in the fields,

and the chickens are reared away, too.

as they should be, the home yard is an

excellent place for the cockerels not yet

sold. as they will live on the shed grain

in the stackyard. and are close at hand

for picking out as required.





'Movable and Sectional houses.





It is just now that movable houses

come in useful; still, a sectional house

that can be taken to pieces in a few





seconds and loaded on a cart can be

moved about as quickly. and the fowls

taken to it. Fowls are best taken to

their new quarters at night, and if they

have had all night to settle down and

are on quite unknown ground they will

usually go back to the house at night

without any trouble. The first evening

someone should be in the field an hour

before roosting time to drive any stray

ones towards the house and to keep them

away from the hedges. 'Hens are like

sheep—they are not easily driven. The

only way is to quietly head them off in

every direction but the one you want

them to go, and allow them to take that

in their own time. Most of the houses

thus placed in stubble fields will be floor-

less, and where there is danger of pests

getting into them by burrowing. a piece

of two-inch mesh wire netting spread on

the land before the house is set up. and

of sufficient area to Come outside the

house walls a few inches will circumvent

the mar-antlers.





When Grain Gets Scarce.





After the fowls have been on the stub-

bles a week or two the feed may become

scarce. However, as long as there is any

grain to be seen in walking across the

field, they will not starve. It is a good

plan to examine the crops of the birds

while on the perches occasionally, to de-

termine whether they are getting enough

to eat. The fowls will have a high old

time if the autumn cultivation commences

near them. Beetles, wireworms, grubs.

worms—nothing comes amiss to them. No

doubt if they knew it they would chuckle

the song. “For we are all jolly fellows

that follow the plow.” Sickly sentiment-

allsts might stop to consider the sorrows

of the worm, as one lady did thesorrows

of a much blacker individual some years





ago, but it is not easy in this world to

haVe a gain without someone having a

1058.





Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





 





SECURING GOOD COMB HONEY.



It is by no means an easy task to ob-

tain really well filled sections, though if

the sections are properly prepared and

placed upon strong colonies or swarms

standing near fields of white or alsike

clover, or similarly good honey-producing

crop, the bulk of the sections will gen-

erally be well finished. The great secret

of obtaining well filled sections is to

crowd the bees. This is done in two

ways, either by removing the outer

frames from a strong colony and sub-

stituting dummies at the commencement

of the honey flow, or by giving a. very

strong swarm limited room in the broom

chamber when hived. By adopting the

former method the crowding has a ten-

dency to cause swarming but, so long as

fine weather continues and the bees have

ample but not too much super room, so

long will swarming. as a rule, be avert-

ed. It is when there comes a change in

(the weather, compelling the bees to

leave the super and further crowd in the

brood chamber that swarming is prac-

tically certain. unless, during the time

they are so crowded, work in the. form of

comb building is given by substituting

empty for full frames in the breed cham-

her.



I have found it very hard to get the

beginner to see the importance of“ keeping

the full working force of the colony t0-

gethcr during the entire honey flow. They

nearly all seem to think that the more

colonies of bees they have the more hon-

cy they will get. and it is very hard to

make them understand why it is that a.

good, strong colony of workers will gath-

er a surplus of 50 to 75 pounds of honey.

when, if they had been divided and two

colonies made out of them, they would

probably not have given their owner any

surplus honey at all.



I am becoming more and more convinc-

cd of the great value of drawn combs.

Supers containing sections with full

sheets of foundation do very well, but it

is plainly seen that those supers contain-

ing drawn combs are entered more quick-

ly, and filled with honey, and capped

over.





Towards the last of the crop the bees





would best be crowded a little for room,

for if too much space is given they will

be building additional new combs and

E'catlering‘ tlicir honey. while it is best

to have all the cells finished and sealed if

possible. There is no longer any danger

of swarming by narrowing the available

space to the minimum. in each hive, and

we make sure of much better results. se-

curing more finished sections. Until very

recently the most difficult and not the

least dangerous of operations in the

apiary was the removal of supers, but

with accurately fitting parts, and the

avoidance of all incentive to the building

of brace-combs, the difficulty is remov-

ul, while, by the use of bee-escapes, the

bees leave the supers without disturb-

ance. There are two or three advantages

in putting on a bee-escape. First, you

get rid of the greater part of the bees.

Then, if there are any brace-combs, or

burr-combs, between the' super and the

brood apartment, these are all broken,

and the bees clean them of leaking honey.



New Jersey. F. G. HERMAN.



If you do not like your breed change as

soon as you can, for you will never be

successful with a breed you do not like.

Do plenty of good thinking before you

make the change, as it is expensive not

only in money expended but in the ex-

perience you thVe already gained with

the breed you have.‘ Give the flock you

have a square deal and be sure that the

fault lies with them, rather than that

you just want a change.





 





The hens that are yarded should be

given the lawn clippings. Then their

daily ration is not complete without an-

imal food in some form. Skim-milk, fed

separately or with the mash, furnishes a.





partial substitute for the meat ration.





Be sure to provide some shade in the

runs or.you will find that some of your

chicks will not feather.





 





 





 





no:





 





7;

g

i‘





 





«gave.
"gr





 





JULY 12. 1913.





   





Dairy.





fiIII||IIIIllllllIIIIIIIIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll1‘

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





FF;





INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING BAB.

COCK TEST.-





 





I have recently bought a, two-bottle

Babcoek tester. second-hand, with which

there is one beaker marked 175—CC be-

side the two testing bottles. The in-

structions for using have been lost so I

come to y0u asking if you will either

give me full instructions as to its use,

the acid to use, etc. through your col-

umns? Is there any way to get a low

test and a high test from the same milk?

In testing cream do you use the same

acid and the same proportion of it as for





milk?



Bay Co. T. L. T.



One of the most essential parts of the

equipment you haven’t got, and that is

the pipet for taking the sample of milk.

As I understand it, what you have is an

acid burette, or an acid measure, grad-

uated to 17.6 cubic centimeters, which

is all right, and you want to take a.

sample of 17.6 cubic centimeters of

milk, but you could not take an accurate

sample with this acid burette 0r gradu-

ator, you have got to have a pipet, which

is a long-necked tube, containing a bulb

at the center. The 17.6 cubic centi-

meters of volume require it to be filled

up into the stem with a small caliber or

opening so that you can get the exact

amount of milk in the sample.



I think it would be much better if you

would go to some nearby creamery or

cheese factory or milk depot that has a

Babcock test and see it operated. Of

course, you can figure this all out alone.

I did once with the first Babcock tester

I ever saw. when they first came into ex-

istence, but it is quite a little job to fig—

ure it out and understand all about the

details; and still it can be done. But if

there is a cheese factory or a creamery

or a. milk depot anywhere convenient it

will pay you to go there and see a test

made.



In testing milk the principal thing is

to get a correct sample of the milk. If

milk stands for any considerable length

of time after it is milked the cream tends

rto rise to the top, and so the milk should

be thoroughly stirred. It; is better to

pour it from one vessel to another. Then

take a sample of the milk, and this can

be taken in any receptacle. Then with

the pipet take from this 17.6 cubic

centimeters of milk and carefully put it

into one of the test bottles. Then meas-

ure out 17.6 cubic centimeters of com-

mercial sulphuric acid, you can get it at

any drug store, and pour this into the

test bottle. Tip the test bottle slowly

and allow the acid to run in slowly and

run down one side of the neck‘of the

bottle. If you pour it in too fast it will

bubble over and probably spatter some on

your handS, which will be serious as the

acid is caustic. After slowly turning the

acid into the bottle take the bottle and

give it a gentle rotary motion until the

acid is all mixed with the milk. The acid

acting upon the milk Will turn it dark in

color. Now place the test bottle in the

machine and whirl it for five minutes.

Then take your test bottle from the ma-

chine and put in enough warm water to

force the fat up into the neck of the bot-

tle. Now put the bottles back into the

tester and whirl them for a minute or so

to collect all the fat in the stem of the

bottle. Then it can be easily read from

the graduated stem. In reading the test

you had better have a pair of dividers.

Place one point of them at the lower end

of the column of fat and one at the up-

per, and then place one point on the scale

at the nought; the other point will indi-

cate the exact per cent of butter-fat and

you will make. no mistake. You can get

printed instructions for making the Bab-

cock test by sending to any manufacturer

of this apparatus.



There is no way of getting a low test

and a big 11 test f1om the same sample of

milk. The only 1eason Why the test var-

ies is because you are not accurate in

taking the sample.



In testing cream it is not satisfactory

to take a sample of cream with the

pipet because the cream is so thick that

it is almost impossible to get an accu-

rate sample. To successfully take a sam-

ple of cream is to weigh out the sample

on a delicate pair of scales. Weigh out

an exact sample of cream and place it in

the test bottle and treat it with acid and

whirl it in the machine the same as

with milk, but in taking a sample of

cream you must have a different kind of

a. test bottle, one with a larger neck, else





\‘1





THE MICHIGAN FAR-MER





you cannot read the fat because the stem

of the ordinary test bottle will not con-

tain the fat. Cream bottles are gradu-

ated in a different way. The caliber of

the neck of the bottle is larger to hold

the larger amount of fat.





ANTI-FLY CAMPAIGN GROWING.





 





Where a few years ago there was gen-

eral apathy among communities to the

dangers that surround the presence of

flies, it is not strange now to find a con-

certed movement toward the eradication

of the pest for it has come to be gener—

ally recognized now that the anti-fly

campaign is one of the most important

methods of sanitation. Stables, of course,

are the greatest source of fly breeding

and the Department of Agriculture has

been making some experiments this year

in rendering manure piles around stables

and on the farms unfit for fly breeding

places. The scientists of the department

recognized that manure was too valuable

as a fertilizer to be destroyed, and the

problem was to find a treatment that

would kill the flies without damaging the

fertilizing properties.



Copperas and several other things were

tried, but it was found that all of them

in sufficient quantities to kill the flies

rendered the manure worthless Or harm-

ful. Finally plain lime was tried and the

results from this have been most prom-

ising. Moreover, many farm lands need

lime and if it can be put on the land and

used to eradicate flies at the same time,

it brings the total added expense very

low. The experiments show that about

five pounds of lime per head of stock

per day is effective. and the cost of this

is not over one-half to two cents. So

that if the lime is to be used on the land

anyhow, the saving is large.





Experiments have been tried by the

department in fly screening stables. It

is impossible to screen some stables,





though most dairy stables can be screen-

ed as readily as a dWelling. But it has

been found the lime treatment of fresh

manure is the most effective precaution

that can be taken. At the lowo State

Fair it was impossible to screen the ex-

hibition stables, but the management

placed a large number of fly traps not





only in the stableS, but all over the

grounds. The result was a perceptible

diminution in the crop of flies. The same





trapping experiment is being tried at the

Beltsville experimental farm.



A unique fly trap is that made espec—

ially for use in windows of dairies, sta-

bles, markets, etc. At the bottom is a

mack, about a quarter of an inch wide,

running the length of both sides. This

crack admits the flies to a space covered

by a ridge or roof of screen wire with

holes large enough for flies to go through

(punched with an ice pick) every two

inches. Large pans of fly baitwfish heads,

poultry cleanings, ctc., anything that will

attract flies, can be set on the bottom

board and thus- establish a whirlwind

focus for all the flies about the place.

The other eSSential in the construction is

the fold or folds in the screen walls.





These are simply folds or open pleats

running horizontally across the trap,

pointing upward and inward. The flies





in trying to get in or out of the window,

collect in these folds, run back and forth

in them until they pop through one of

the holes which occur every two inches,

and they have never been seen to find a

hole on the convex inside surface of the

wrinkle and crawl down and out again.

This trap is built in a frame which fits

closely in a window, preferably on the

best lighted side of the building.



Another efficient and easily constructed

trap is that deSigned by F. L. “’ashburn,

of the Minnesota station. The trap is 24

inches long, 12 inches high, and eight

inches wide. The upper part. either oval

or rectangular, serves as a receptacle

which the flies enter through the opening

in the top of the. middle portion made of

ordinary mosquito wire screen and shap-

cd like the roof of a house. Tlnder this

is the baseboard upon which rest two tin

bait pans. The space between the base-

board and the middle portion is about

one-half inch, and between this and the

bait pans through which the flies enter,

about one—fourth of an inch. Stale meat.

bread and milk are used. The trapped

flies are killed by immersing in hot

water.



“'here it is desired to poison the flies

instead of trapping them the following

method may be used with success: Fill

a soup plate with damp sand, cover with

a disk of blotting paper, spread sugar on

the blotting paper, and sprinkle it with a

mixture of one part of formalin (40 per

cent formalddhylde) with 20 parts of

water.





 





 





5—25"





Save Much Time and

Labor in Summer





ESIDES greatly increasing the quantity and improving the

quality of cream and butter DE LAVAL cream separators

save much valuable time and labor.





This great saving of time and labor counts for more in summer





 





than at any other season and often alone

saves the cost of a separator,

its other advantages.‘



As compared with any kind of gravity

setting the saving of man’s time and labor

and usually woman’s drudgery with 8. DE

LAVAL is a big item in its favor.



As compared with other separators the

DE LAVAL saves much time and labor by

its greater capacity,

handling, easier cleaning and freedom from

need of adjustment or repair.



These are merely some of the advantages





aside from all





easier running, easier





which make 9. DE IAVAL cream separator the best of all

summer farm investments, as every DE LAVAL agent will be

glad to explain and demonstrate to anyone at all interested.





See the nearest DE LAVAL agent at once or if you do

not know him write us direct for any desired information.





THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.





NEW YORK CHICAGO





SAN FRANCISCO





SEATTLE





 





 





 





Soil Improvement Talk No. 4





Complete Fertilizers on Winter Wheat

Actual Field Tests by Experiment Stations





ROTHAMSTED





ENGLAND

SI YRS. TEST





OHIO AGR. EXP. STATION

I8YRS.TEST





 





 





WRITE FOR SPECIAL CROP BULLETINS on





Corn,





PENNSYLVANIA

AGR EXP. STA.





3DYRS.TEST





INDIANA AGR. EXP. STATION

8 YRS. TEST





 





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co M

”$.29 SOIL IMPROVEMENT 9.6%...‘3121? mu.

of the NATIONAL FERTILIZER ASSOCIATION

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The Joe. Dick





 

 

   

 





 





 

   

 





 





 

 





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FA'RMER





HIS topic was the Subject 01' an

address delivered before the sec-

ond annual convention of the Na-

tional Association of Managers of Farm-

ers’ Co-Operative Companies, held at Mil-

waukee, VVis., on June 26, by Prof. John

J. Ferguson, formerly of Michigan. . Mr.

Ferguson said in part as follows:



In the laSt ten years the human popu-

latiOn of continental United States in-

creased about 21 per cent. It is very

difficult to secure correct figures cover-

ing live stook population and production,

but data given by the U. S. Department

of Agriculture may be taken as approxi-

mately and relatively correct. Depart-

ment figures show a heavy and steadily

growing decrease. In brief. with human

population rapidly increasing there is no

correSponding increase in the meat food

supply to feed them.



As against this marked decrease in

production, due to purely economic reas—

ons, we must place an increasing number

of consumers and marked increase in

wealth producing power which means

purchasing power on the part of the

nation at large. Appetite and demand for

high-grade meats is steadily increasing.

The people regard meat as absolutely

necessary and essential for their well-

being. If the spread between supply and

demand continues at current rate, meat

will soOn be claSsed among the luxuries

of life entirely beyond the reach of av-

erage wage—earners.



Scientifically equipped and economically

operated modern packing houses are do-

ing their part in the way of conserving

every pound of product from cattle, sheep

and hogs fit for human food. The Whole-

some, but less appetizing portions which

our grandfathers overlooked are now so

carefully handled they form a valuable

contribution to the food supply. Even

this most careful economy is but a fruc-

tionai factor in solving this problem.





The Country Needs More Meat.. Wlil

Get it?



The days of wholesale production of



cattle on the open range have passed



never to return to this cormtry. Farm





it





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Onl Filler whose power and capaoit rating

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Send postal for latest Catalog 42.





TH E McCLURE COM PANY

(Formerly Famere Mendy Wagon Company)

Manufacturers of the FAMOUS SAGINAW 811.0

Saginaw. Mich. Cairo. Ill. Des Moinee, Iowa



Minnesota Transfer, )linn. Fort Worth, texas





 





 





 





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*good business sense and





labor‘is scarce and high-priced. Farm—

ers are prOSperous and as their prosper-

ity increases they are less and less in-

clined to fuss aound with cattle. sheep

and hogs, preferring to take first 'profltS,

thOugh small, on the grain and coarse

feeds which they produce. Increased

production must begin on the small av~

erage farm. This will not be until the

farmer realizes better than he does to-

day that producing market live stock is

ultimately in-

creased profits Will inevitably follow per-

sistent live stock production intelligently

carried on. Governments, federal and

state, are spending vast sums to encour-

age agriculture and live stoek. Commer-

cial clubs, business men’s associations

and bankers over the country have seen

for several years past and have ad-

vised against the tendency of the times

in the live stock busineSs. Management





 





 





 





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of trunk line railroads have installed

farm and live stock promotion bureaus.

which are having good influence. Rail-

roads have equipped and operated over

their lines at great expense special live

stock demonstratiOn trains carrying t0

the man on the land practical lessons

proving that satisfactory profits follow

live stock operations.





The meat packers at central live stock

markets have but little direct connection

with the producers of live stock. Apack-

or is a manufacturer who depends upon

the man on the farm for his supply of

raw material. He must look to the con-

suming public for an outlet for his var-

ious finished products in the form of

fresh or cured meats and products inci—

dental to their manifacture. The packer

is the central connecting link between

producer and consumer. He must con-

duct his operations in line with supply

and demand, so that open markets will

be maintained at good prices to encour-

age the production of live stock and at

the same time to handle live stock and

their products so economically that the

consumer will be encouraged to buy

meats. These operations take up the

time of the packer so very fully that lit-

tle time is left for live stock promotion

work.



It is a remarkable fact that during the

last ten years, when production of live

stock has been decreasing, prices for live

stock and their products have been slow-





 





Thc Advantages of Live Stock

On The F arm.





ly but steadily advancing so that lack of

interest in the business and decreased

production have not come as a result of

discouraging market prices for live stock.





Why is More Live Stock Not Produced?



You ask any farmer in the middle west,

and‘ he will give you the following:



1. Corn belt land at $150 per acre can

no longer be profitably used for pasture.



2. Fifty acres of 50-bushel corn sold

at 500 per bushel brings the farmer $1,250

per year, which will give him and family

a comfortable checking account. ,Most

farmers work on the line of least resist-

ance so they do not care to undertake

the extra labor of marketing the corn

crop even for more money in the form of

beef, mutton or pork.



3. The hired man problem is the most

discouraging factor on the average farm

today. Good labor has gone west or into

the cities and towns, but even so, the

more or less efficient farm help available

is asking two or three times the wages

of 20 years ago. Rather than undertake

the unending struggle many farmers have

yielded to the pressure of these three

factors and have become what are known

in the northwest as grain minerS. As

against these discouragements here are

some of the benefits which come to the

live stock farmer.





Advantages of Live Stock.





1. The live stock farmer is not de-

pendent upon one or more grain crops of

uncertain yield and price. When he has

fat cattle, sheep or hogs to sell he is

sure an open market is waiting every

working day in the .year. His live stock

is the same as cash in bank and almost

anywhere can be realized upon inSide of

24 hours. Live stock returns are not

spasmodic when the business is properly

handled. Further. if he is a specialty

live stock farmer his crop is ready when

the supply is light and the price at the

high point.



2. The man on the farm who sells Off

wheat, oats or corn is selling raw ma-

terial on which a number of men will

later make a manufacturer’s profit. The

producer of raw material is usually rela-

tively the most badly paid man in the

line.



3. Growing and fattening live stock

permits the continuous economical em-

ployment of farm labor, which in a sys-

tem of exclusive grain farming is needed

only at special seasons when labor is

scarce and price consequently high.



4. Pasturing of live stock and rotation

of‘crops needed to supply them with the

necessary feeds is nature's own best pre-

scription for clean farms free from weeds.



5. This same system of crop rotation

together with the growing and fattening

of cattle, sheep and hogs permits in the

highest degree conservation of natural

soil fertility, which is the prime object

of every good farmer.



6. In sections devoted exclusively to

grain growing there is a time every year

when farmers complain of shortage of

cars, lack of elevator capacity and con-

gestion of loaded cars at terminals. Ev-

eryOne wants to ship grain at the same

time and everyone cannot be accommo-

dated. The daily movement of live stock

to market means not only daily revenue

for the farmers, but also prevents in the

most sensible way railway congestion,

enabling railroads to give all classes of

shippers more regular and uniformly bet-

ter service.



7, Live stock in the hands of the farm-

er furnishes him the best possible secur-

ity to be offered his local banker. When

a farmer wants a little money for per-

manent improvements on his land or any

other legitimate purpose American bank-

ers have found cattle paper absolutely

safe and liquid in times of financial

peace or panic.





Why Should these Things Interest Farm-

ers’ Co-operative Associations?



Because such organizations have for

their first and final objects the improve-

ment of the farmer's bank account. The

farmer’s prosperity immediately measures

the prosperity of all other producing

classes. Co-operation can be and is be-

ing directly applied to the live stock in-

dustry with immediate and highly profit-

able results.



Co-operatlve improvement.



.Co-operatlve‘ ownership and. use of

pure—bred sires for improving breeds of

cattle, sheep and swine is already an ac-

complished and profitable fact in many

communities. Many small farmers feel





 





JULY 12, 1918.





they cannot afford to pay relatIVely high

prices asked for‘ pure-bred sires of ap-

proved quality. ,



In Denmark 8. system of co-operative

live stock improvement has been follow-

ed for years, resulting in dairying and

bacon industries in Denmark having be-

come models for the world.



' II t II



A Permanently Profitable Market.



From our knowledge of the business

we are satisfied you will be perfectly

safe in using yOur best efforts to stimu-

late co-operative live stock improvement

over the country. Live stock prices may

not and probably will not remain at their

present high levels, but if they drop the

prices for grain and coarse feeds will

take a. corresponding drop so that the

scale of live stock profits would still be

very satisfactory.





 





THE FARM TEAM.





 





Good horse flesh is the true source of

any farmer's financial returns. If we- go

into our fields with the proper kind of

“power" to propel our improved machin-

ery We can accomplish great results, not

only in saving time and labor, but in

satisfaction and pride. How much hap-

pier any farmer feels with a. good, reso-

lute team of horses ahead of his plow.

Those that can go the ”last round” at

quitting time as freely as when they

start out in the early day. Of course,

someone seems to be destined to have

to own and use the more inferior horses,

but they should be on small farms where

the work is lighter and where there is

less acreage to till. If a man has many

acres of crops to produce he should not

attempt to do it with aged or inferior

horses.



The very best method of getting a good

dependable team is to buy three-year-

old colts that have never been broken

or driven enough by someone else- that

it may have ruined them.





Some farmers are continually having

sick horses or horses that are crippled

up in some manner. This usually comes

from carelessness and lack of “horse

sense” on the part of the owner. I have

a team of 1,500-lb, horses that I bought

when they were two and three years old

when I first came to Michigan. This

team has been in the harness a good

share of the time ever since and have

earned their owner thousands of dollars

and never been sick or missed a feed.

They are good for many years more of

hard service.





There is difference in opinion as to

the rations that are best for horses.

From my experience I had rather have

mixed clover and timothy hay and good

sound corn. Oats is too light a feed to

work a horse on. They are generally

chaffy and a goodly share hulls. A horse

should not be over-fed or fed or wa-

tered when heated up from driving or

working. This will bring on sickness or

colic. Of course, horses should be fed

according to their size and appetite. A

1.000-1b. animal can not digest as much

food as a 1,600—lb, one. It is good policy

to feed horses plenty of salt and when

they get the colic jamaca ginger is one

of the very best remedies; an ounce or

two will generally ease them, at once

but it should be given right on the start.





In Illinois, where I formerly lived,

farmers all used back pad harnesses with

a check hook and kept their horses

checked up. It is amusing here in Mich-

igan to see most of the teams grazing

like a lawless yoke of cattle when they

are at work. I was going along the road

one day and saw a. farmer mowing. The

hay was very thick and when a horse

would reach down to get a bite of hay

and the motion of the machine slack

down it wo‘uld clog up and the driver got

off several times to dig the knives out,

and fooled away much valuable time.

while he should have been mowing. I

feed my horses in the stable and that is

the place for them to eat—not out in the

field. It is all nonsense not to check a.

horse up as they should be.





I have noticed farmers, when working

their horses, let them stand on a cor-

ner nearly every tine around and when

they did move you’d have to set up a

stake to detect it. This is all foolish-

ness. Any team that is in good working

conditiOn should move along at a decent

gait and keep moving all day in order to

well pay the farmer for their keep. A

lazy horse will “eat its head of!” and

this sort of management is costing farm-

ers much useless expense. A barn full

of idle horses is like running a. "free

hotel.” No farmer can afford it.



Washtenaw Co. B. F. Wurmusnu.
JULY 12, 1913.





A TALK» ABOUT PASTURES.





 





Grass, during the season of its growth,

is the natural, the best and usually the

cheapest food for all graminivorous an-

imals and, when properly dried, makes

excellent fodder. There can be no bet-

ter food for cattle than grass. but in

some localities it would be more profit-

able to mow it, and take it to them in

the barn, as is the general practice in

Germany, than to allow them to rove

over the field, compacting the soil, bruis-

ing the plants, and checking their growth.

Perhaps the firs-t important thing to be

said is not to turn the farm stock on the

pastures too early in the spring or over-

stock it during the summer. Let the

roots get well established and then if

not over-stocked it will not get grazed

off into the ground in the fall and the

roots frozen in the winter.



Over-stocking a Common Practice.



In ancient, as well as in modern times,

the pastures got stocked with more cat-

tle than they could profitably carry.

There was strife between the herdsmen

of Abraham's cattle, 0nd the herdsmen

of Lot’s cattle, about the common pas-

turage, and to prevent fighting the two

patriarchs had to divide the country be-

tween them. There has been bitter strife

between the ranchers on the western

plains. and the cow-boys and the sheep

herders have fought bloody battles for

the pasturage.



Fertilizing Pastures Commonly Neglected.



Our pastures would support more cat-

tle than they do now if they received

better treatment. They seldom, if ever,

receive any fertilizing except the drop-

pings of the cattle quartered on them.

Formerly we sowed plaster on our pa~'—

tures and meadows every spring and the

good effects Were quickly apparent, but

now it does no good.



Weeds Limit Production.



Pastures soon begin to fail after seed-

ing, not only from the loss of fertility

and tramping of stock, but from neglect

to exterminate the weeds that soon creep

in, and which the cattle will not eat.

These are usually deep rooted, such as

dock, wild carrot, wild parsnip and dais-

ies, which continue to grow and flourish

during a drouth while the valuable grass-

es are being grazed off into the ground.

The pasture lot is apt to be the roughest

and poorest on the farm, with probably

some shade trees, which is all right, but

bushes ought not to be allowed to grow

and deep—rooted weeds should be spud-

ded





It}.





 





 





Stable Manure for Pastures.



To rejuvenate a run-down pasture there

is nothing equal to stable manure ap—

plied in liberal quantities, or at the rate

of four or five tons to the acre, and the

field harrowed well with a spike-tooth

'harrow to scratch up the hide-bound.

compacted surface of the ground and

permit the air to get into it. If somc

of the grasses have run out, grass seed

sown previous to the harrowing. will be

quite sure to catch and be of great sup-

port to the remnant‘that remains. The

manure bestows two benefits. It acts

as a mulch on the Surface, preventing

the ground water from rising by czlpil-j

lary action and be evaporated. Its rich-|

ness in plant food is soon carried down

by the rain to the roots of the starving

plants to revive them to their former

vigor. The writer has had proof of thiS.

A ten-acre meadow that was running

out as regards yield, though timothy and

red-top were still alive, was greatly im-

proved by the following treatment: Early

in the spring he drawed out and spread

on one-half of it, five tons to the acre,

of good stable manure, and harrowed it

Well with a spike-tooth barrow. The

Straw)‘ portions of the manure Were rak—

ed up and drawn back to the stable to

prevent them from getting raked up in

the hay at haying time. It was surpris-

ing to see what a wonderful change took

place in that meadow. The grass on the

part manured thickened up, grew taller

than the unmanured portion and produc-

ed twice as much hay per acre. One

spring the writer manured part of a

meadow intended for potatoes, and when

the ground was plowed for the potatoeS,

four Weeks after the manure was ap-

plied, the graSS on that part had come

up through the manure and was thicker,

and a good deal taller than on the un-

manured portion.





 





Supplementary Pasture Crops.



Supplementary pasture crops are grown

to good advantage. Rye, sown early in

the fall will be ready to pasture in the

spring before the grasses get started,

and will help the condition of the per-

manent pasture as well as the stock.



Pennsylvania. J. W. INGHAM.





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FA'RMER 7——27





 





II

_l





 





N o-Rim- Cut Tires

1 0 % Over-Capacity





The Chief Tire Problem





 





 





 





 





 





How to end rim-cutting, for Every great tire maker, again

years and years, has been the and again, has tried to make

chief problem of Tiredom. ' tires that can’t rim-cut.



Many devices have been tried We solved this problem in a ,





and abandoned. They devel- faultless tire, and by means that

oped faults. The tires fell down. we control. Thatis the reason

It Thousands came back for re- why Goodyears now outsell





 





placement. ‘ every other tire.

The Ruin of extracapacity,ontheaverage,adds We control these bands by se-

0 . 25 per cent to the mileage. crecy. They are made under lock

le‘CUttlng So these tires embody two enor- and key. “



Motor car owners have lost mil- mous economies. They save rim- . And, so far as we know, there

lions of dollars through having cutting and save over-loading. Is no other way to make a satis-

tires cut by rims. factory tire of thlsitype. Nearly



The trouble occurs when tires ‘ The secret every maker has tried It.

are run wholly or partly deflated. . '



And the ruin can’t be satisfactorily Bands 0f WIre NO EXtra Prlce

repaired. These tires are made possible by NO-Rim-Cut tires used to cost



Myriads of punctured tires have six flat bands Of i26 braided wires. one-fifth more than clinchers.

been wrecked in a moment—be- They are vulcanized Into the tire With our multiplied output the

fore the driver knew of the punc- base. price has come down. Now no

ture. Thus we get an unstretchable standard tire of any type costs less



tire base, and we don’t hook the than No-Rim-Cut tires.



No-Rim-Cut tires make this ruin tire to the rim. There is no reason whatever to

impossible. They have been used One glance at these tires in any try an experiment. No reason for

toryears,onhundredsofthousands Goodyear shop will show why tires that rim-cut, or for tires of

of cars. And not one has ever these tires can’t rim—cut. less capacity.

rim-cut. You can get at the





 





same price the tire





. which is now the most

CapaCIty , popular tire in the

Another fact is that ’w world.

No—Rim-Cut tires ex- . _ . -————

ceed clincher tires ten 7





AKRON’ (”1'9 Write for the Good-

er cent in ca acit . ' ' year Tire Book—14th-

p ' ' p ' Y NO-le-Cut Tlres year edition. It tells





That Is, In an ca-





pacity. It is air that With or Without Non.Skid Treads all known ways to





carries the load. This economize on tires.





THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO





Branches and Agencies In 103 Principal Cities More Service Stations Than Any Other Tire

We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits

(1180) Main Canadian Office. Toronto, Ont—Canadian F nctory. Bowmnnville. Ont.





Over-





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





l'll Feed Your Stack/u





PROOF V





D a law dnya after I commenced feed-



l In lnm bs Sa l-Vet. they began to



n gram oh and now Oct 8rd they are



, n per-fig ct health and fntnn the can

be I





. have used wbmo In large

unnutle orm powders of





es and

S a v e nastiest hamper “6





 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Ma 9 Hill Stock

Your lambs Your Figs «3...... ...—?"...°—— £33533?

/ I ll StoD your usual summer losses from worms 111 promptly rid your stock of these “£533: Tait”? ° ml'v?" 1°35!

blood—sucking. profit-eating. dangerous Pests and put your animals' In better summer condi- mm'fig 7,, ggngcgngggbn‘i'fl "‘17

tion than ever before. I 11 do it at my risk—not yours, You need not pay me a single cent If I (Sn GEO BEN

fail. I’ll do it with Sal-Vet. R No 1 “13,?“ Km“





 





.IOIb b" .32. 25.1mm.





The Great The areal llvo {33333310. ilgo No Egaegannedur;

9. l



Worm 8‘01”! _ fi$;§evfrdso§i: in split; :1:eg inn



nr ‘ - -



flesh-aye! Conditioner * Shlvmonu to. 63 min-”tini'ffe



blood on 1 lb. of Sal-Vet for each





Ihcop or ho , and 4 lb 5. for each





 





 





"Sal-Vet" requires no dosing, no drenching, no handling, no trouble at no or he of cattle. as near a.

Simply place this wonderful medicated salt where all your stock can runild mire“ .IzemimiiiW‘ hm" "3'

tfreiel y and TH EYW LL DOCTOR THEMSELVE E.S You 5- ‘





 





w Ill be surprised how Ithe will keep in better i i — ' p...

better-gain faster-make you more monoycmidllt Slim??? .9. 5'0"“ R' FEM" .' I

' right on your own farm at. my risk before you pay. 0' THE Sp '3- FE. '- COMPANY





Send No Money—lust the 0__o___upon ,‘L...?::“.*.'F .t'fififlfil'fl‘l‘fa‘ia





ouch

. II a: f i ht II

Fill out The coupon at. right—tell me how-— vmanzjhead ’0’ ,1 :31.“ repo [writ 1’2:le elnrsoedn 6083133“ “fisfifihfll‘p?

0 y no .





 





   





 





 





ochock you hove nd I'll you anon 2 It If ifo doe]: whet youe doc-

mayo“: ézmvcc..;f3:.lt Ragga”? to owhanglenfi11n ht el .0 ”Home“

0 Name

SIDNEY R. I'III..A Pf... P 0

$14th THE "8- a. ran. co.. Mfg. cum. I 8,”: ‘ s... a...

In. - Cleveland 0. ”m”

No. of Sheep ....... Hog- ....... Cattle-.-...Hanu......





 





 





w... .‘





I When writing to advertisers please mention The Michigan Farmer.
28—-8





The Michigan Farmer

i Established 1843.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

ess St. West. Detrolt. Michigan.

39 to 45 cong'FELEPHONE MAIN 4525.





New Yon: OFFICE—41 Park _Row. _

CHICAGO 0FFICE~004 Advertising Building.

CLEVELAND OFFICE—IOH-IOIS Oregon Ave.. N. E.





 





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE ......................... _....Pxesident

M. L. LAWRENCE ...................... Vice-President

E. H. ROUGHTON .......................... SeaoTreas.

I. E. WATEBBUBY.... ............ u}



0. E. YOUNG ................................. >Associate

BURT WERMUTH. Editors.

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL ................. J



E H. HOUGHTON .................. Business Manager





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

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Two years. 104 issues .................................

Three years, 156 issues ................................ 1.25

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All sent postpaid.’

Canadian subscriptions 500 a year extra for postage-

Always send money by draft. postoflice money order.

registered letter or by express. We will not be re.

sponsible for money sent in letters. Adar-en all oom~

munications to. and make all drafts checks and post-

oflce orders payable to, the Lawrence Publishing 00.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



I) cents per line agate measurement. or $5.60 per

inch, each insertion. No adv't inserted for less than



.20 er insertion. .



0;? o lottery. quack doctor or swindling advertise-

ments igserted at any price. , ,



Enter (1 as second class matter at the DetrOit. Mich-

ism. postoflioe.





l ‘COPYRIGHT 1913

by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All personsare warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

is issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





DETROIT, JULY 12, 1913.





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.

In an address made be-

fore the alumni of the

the Michigan Agricultural

College, a synopsis of

which is given in another column of this

iSSue, Dean Davenport, _of the Illinois

College of Agriculture, referred to a.

Statemcnt made many years ago by Dr.

Miles, then connected with M, A. C..

that "The question is not how much we

can produce, but how much we can af—

ford to produce." There is so much of

truth in this statement that every pres-

cut—day farmcr can Well afford to give

the matter his thoughtful attention.

0ft-times we are apt to be misled by

statistics with regard to production. Ex-

amples of old world production are given

us as an ideal to which we should zip-

proach in our agriculture. Many times,

however, the yields are secured at an

expense which we could ill afford. The

painstaking and laborious hand tillage

which is put on such staple crops as

when: and potatoes in many European

countries could not be made profitable

here. There it is possible only through

the hard labor of the whole family in the

field, which practice surely no American

farmer would care to emulate.



“'hile it is true that many European

countries surpass us in per acre produc-

tion of many crops, it is doubtful if any

of them surpass us in economic broduc—

tion, which is the true test of the farm—

er’s prosperity, and it is due to the abil-

ity of the American farmer along this

line. aided by the development of la-

bor-saving implements provided by Am—

erican genius that the American farmer

is in a class by himself so far as his

general prosperity and independence is

Concerned.



Economic production has been the

measure of our unparralleled prosperity.

hi this line perhaps no people can teach

us, but in other lines which would con-

tribute not a little to our success. we

may well take a lesson from old-world

experience, notably in the more economic

distribution and marketing of our pro-

ducts and in the adoption of methods

which will better maintain the fertility

of our soil for succeeding crops and gen-

crations.





Economic Pro-

ductlon.





A recent investiga-

The Value of Farm tion by the U, S.

Papers. Department of Ag-

riculture was under.-

taken with a view of obtaining data as

to the relative efficiency of the various

agricultural extension agencies in influ-

»encing,farrn practices. In this investiga-

tion four men were sent out over routes

varying from 400 to 700 miles in length

in different sections of the country to

inquire of each farmer living along the

routes passed over as to the assistance

which he had obtained from these var-

ious agencies such as publications of ex-

periment stations. and the Department

of Agriculture. farmers’ institutes, agri-

cultural organizations, farm papers and

books and demonstration agents. The re-

sults of this investigation haVe recently

been published, the data obtained being

summariaed as follows:

“Of the 3.698 farmers persmmlly'lnter-





THE'MICHIGAN FARM’ER





viewed in thissurvey. about one farmer

in every 1.5 visited takes a. farm paper,

one in 2.3 receives agricultural bulletins,

one in 3.3 attends farmers’ institutes, one

in 6.5 belongs to some agricultural or-

ganization, one in 14.5 writes to agricul-

tural institutions for advice, one in 23.8

has a few- farm books, one in 11 gets

perSOnal instruction from county demOn-

stration agents in the south. and one- in

159 gets personal instruction in the north

and west. One farmer in every 2.3 stat-

ed that none of the above agencies was

helpful in his farming.



“Of the farmers receivieng bulletins, 48

per cent put into practice something

learned from them, 54 per cent of those

attending institutes put into practice

suggestions made there, while 79 per cent

of those receiving instructions from dem-

onstration agents in the south put into

practice the instructions given.



“The replies from 469 farmers who re-

ceived agricultural bulletins, attended

farmers’ institutes, and took farm papers

indicate that 21 per cent of the number

favor the bulletins as being the most

helpful source of information on farming

14 per cent favor the farmers" institute,

while 66 per cent favor the farm papers.



“In the case of the 62 farmers who re-

ceived instructions from county agricul-

tural agents, took farm papers, and re-

ceived bulletins, practically 11 per cent

favored the bulletins, 24 per cent fav-

ored the demonstration agents, while 52

per cent favored the farm papers. So

far as this survey is an indication, the

agricultural press. would seem to be at

present the mOSt efficient of our agricul—

tural extension agents in reaching the

farmer.”



The fact that practically two-thirds of

the -farmers who received benefits from

three of these sources of agricultural ex-

tension thought the farm papers the most

helpful agency along this line and that

over one-half the farmers who received

benefits from all of the sources mention-

ed favored the farm papers, is an indica-

tion that the farmers’ trade paper is the

most profitable investment which he can

make, although information of educa—

tional value should not be neglected from

any source where it can be obtained.





 





Various opinions have

The Live Stock been expressed through





Situation. our columns with regard

to the future of the live

stock industry. “'hile these opinions





have expressed a variety of views, all

have agreed that the future holds not a

little of encouragement to the live stock

breeders and feeders. As bearing upon

this point, and interesting at this time

when there has been considerable talk

with regard to possible importations of

meats from other countries, some statis-

tics recently published by the Department

of Commerce and Labor are of interest.

“'hile the total value of meat products

and food animals exported by the United

States has fallen off greatly in recent

years, the total value f0r the fiScal year

ending June 30 is $150,000,000, as com-

pared with $250,000.000 in 1906. However.

the total for the present year is greatly

in eXcess of the value of exports of meats

and food animals made by any other

country. The total of this class of ex-

ports from Argentina in 1912 is estimated

at $67,000,000, while exports from Aus-

tralia for 1911 are placed at $31,000,000,

New Zealand $21,000,000, Canada $14,000,-

000 and from Uruguay $11,000. These six

countries are the chief meat exporting

countries of the world, and of the total

of exports from them the United States

not only furnishes the largest amount,

but an amount actually in excess of the

aggregate exports of her five rivals.





Notwithstanding the largely reduced

number of cattle in the United States,

we still have a cattle population of 56.-

000.000. according to these figures, as

compared with 29,000,000 in Argentina,

while in the total number of food ani-

mals, including sheep and hogs, the Uni-

ted States leads the world with 169,000,-

000 as compared with 104,000,000 in Aus-

tralia and 98,000,000 in Argentina, as rep-

resenting other meat exporting nations.

The principal shrinkage in our exports

has been in cattle and beef, pork products

having shown but a slight reduction.





The greatest factor of encouragement

in the situation, however, is the fact

that other meat exporting nations do not

compare with us in quality of the pro-

duct produced, and the American farmer

who produces quick maturing and high

quality of meat animals will be certain

to find a profitable market for them,

'even in competition with the products of

the other countries named. Stability

should characterize farm production along

this line, as only by such constant pro-





duction can farm --equipment-be profitably.

used and farm profits be made to reach

a. maximum average.





In the last issue

The Need of Currency w e commented

Reform Legislation. upon the causes

and effects which

have given rise to the need for currency

and banking reform legislation, which has

been generally recognized by both econo-

mists and statesmen in recent years. It

was pointed out that this condition of

affairs could beSt be alleviated by the

co-operation of financial institutions of

the country rather than by centralization

under the present individualistic plan of

conducting the banking business.



The prop0sed currency reform bill, late-

ly introduced into Congress, would seek

to bring about such co—operation in a

more or leSs forcible manner under the

strong hand of the government. Un-

doubtedly voluntary co-operation on the

part of financial institutions of the coun-

try would be preferable, but the tendency

has been in member direction in recent

years, and inasmuch as currency and

banking and credit are almost inseparable

subjects of consideration, there is per-

haps more excuse for government inter-

vention and control than is the case with

other activities in the nature of public

or semi-public service.



Certainly the government must be a.

factor in any scheme looking toward the

giving of greater elasticity to the cur-

rency, and as the efficiency of more

elastic currency in averting the business

ills which have already arisen under our

present system will depend largely upon

the manner in which the provision for

increased elasticity is used, a satisfactory

measure of government control in this re-

spect would seem imperative. This elas-

tic feature’of the new currency bill is

based upon the new proposition of per-

mitting the use of approved commercial

paper as security for the issue of cur-

rency. There would seem to be no good

reason why this would not be a safe

practice under proper regulation and con-

trol. But to be of the greatest value in

relieving the present unsatisfactory con-

dition a currency and banking reform

law should be made broad enough to per-

mit of business relations between the

reserve associations and the state banks,

which have become numerous in Michi-

gan and many other states in recent

years. This might be a difficult proposi-

tion to work out but is one which would

be. worth while, as by bringing all the

existing financial institutions under fed-

eral and state control into one system

more immediate and far reaching results

could be attained.



But if all of our banking institutions

cannot be brought into a. co-ordinated

system at once, it would undoubtedly be

desirable to bring about some form of

co-operatiou among those under federal

charters to the- end that the credit of

Solvent patrons may not be needlessly

curtailed in time of their greatest need.

This has been the ostensible aim of the

various plans which have been advanced

for currency and banking reform in re-

cent years, as it is of the currency bill

now before COngress, although the lead-

ers new in power hold different views as

to the best methods of accomplishing this

desirable result from those who have

drawn previously considered currency re-

form bllls, the principal diflerence being

thatgthey would have reserves held in

several centers throughout the country

rather than in a single resevre bank or

association and would maintain the sys-

tem under government control, rather

than under the unrestrained control of

the bankers themselves. On this point,

as well as on mostothers ‘which engage

the serious attention ~of Congress, there

are good arguments on both sideS. There

is a very general feeling throughout the

country that under present conditions too

great control of reserve funds is exercised

by a few strong financial instLtutlons, par-

ticularly those in New York, which insti-

tutions are dominated by the influence

of a few leading financiers. There is also

a natural belief that under any plan of

centralization of reserves in which the

bankers retain undirected control, these

same influences will predominate. Based

upon the assumption that this would be

inimical to the best interests of the

country, those responsible for the present

currency reform bill haVe sought to sub-

stitute what would practically be govern-

ment control of reserves for this plan.



The arguments against this plan are

that it would place too much arbitrary

power in the hands of the president which

might be used for political purposes and

that it would force the bankers into

politics as a matter of self-preservatlon.





\





JULY 1:, i913.





Undoubtedly it might open theway ‘for

the making of charges of political ma.-

nipulation' whether it existed or not. al-

though no seriously considered charges

of this nature have been made where

the gOVernment has assumed a large de-

gree of control of public service corpor-

ations. -



In view of the many conflicting opin-

ions held upon this important question in

Congress as elsewhere. it is probable that

the pending currency and banking re-

form bill, the important features of which

have been summarized in a previous issue

will be amended in important particulars

in the event that it is passed at all at

the present session of Congress. This is

perhaps a matter for congratulation, rath-

er than otherwise, since it is well to make

haste slowly in important matters of this

kind. Evolution is far better than revo—

lution in any matter which is funda—

mental to the prosperity of the nation,

but that evolution has too long been in-





operative in our currency and banking





system is the opinion of many students

of the situation. l\'hat should be consid~

ered is not the preservation of the influ-

ence of our great financiers, nor the po-

litical exigencies of men or parties, but

the best interests of the country at large.

“'e need currency and banking reform

legislation which will make it easier for

the solvent man to utilize his credit in

time of need and more difficult for the

insolvent speculator or dangerous plunger

to secure the use of other people‘s money

to carry on his operations, and that with-

out disturbing the normal progress of

legitimate business along any line,





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.





Practically the entire business section of

the village of Perry was wiped out by

fire last Monday morning. The local fire

fighting facilities were altogether inade-

quate to fight the blaze which was fan-

ned by a 25-mile gale, and the Lansing

department was called upon, and respond-

ed immediately and saved a small portion

of the business places and residences.

The total loss is estimated at $200,000. It

is believed that the fire started by a.

.spark from a passing Grand Trunk train.

alighting on the roof; of an elevator

building.



The city of Cleveland. by a substantial

majority, voted to adopt what is styled

a "home rule” charter recently drawn by

a commission of 15. The new charter

places the centrol of municipal affairs in

the hands of the mayor and councilman,

the only elective offices provided for.



The recent announcement of the en-

gagement of Miss Jessie Woodrow Wil-

son, daughter of President and Mrs.

lVilson, to Mr. Francis Bowes Sayre, a.

New York attorney, is the theme of so-

cial interest to the American people and

society folks in particular.



The toll of deaths resulting from the

recent hot period have reached an unus-

ually high figure. From cities and towns

in the central west the total number re-





ported came near the 100' markkwhile.





many others succumbed to the intense

heat in New York. Boston, Pittsburgh,

Philadelphia, and other large eastern cit—

ies. The cool wave that arrived .in the

central west Saturday undoubtedly saved

hundreds from being overcome.



The United State Senate lobby com—

mittee is now busy examining witnesses

regarding the charges brought by Colonel

Mulhall against a long list of hlgh pub-

lic officials and men of prominence. The

committee has been given increased pow-

er since the above charges were made

public and its work will occupy a consid—

erable time. for not only have the repu-

tations of prominent men been jeopar-

dized in the accusations, but the steel

interests. the Morgan financial institu-

tions and other concerns are also in-

volved.



The merging of the Atlanta College of

Physicians and the Atlanta College of

Medicine, at Atlanta. Ga., forms one of

the strongest institutions of science in

the south.



The First-Second National Bank of

Pittsburgh, the Firt National Bank Of

McKeesport. a neighboring city, The Am-

erican Waterworks & Guarantee Com-

pany. and the banking house of S. D.

& W. S. Kuhn. Inc.. of the city of Pitts-

burgh. wore forced into the hands of re-

ceivers through the. failure of the first

named lnStitution to open its doors Mon-

day morning. The closing of the bank

was ordered bv the deputy comptroller

of currency, after every effort had been

made by the institution to meet the gov—

ernment requirements as to the legal

reserve. ‘



Forty-five eastern railroads have joined

in a statement declaring that they can-

not meet the demand made by employee

of the roads for higher wages. Accord-

ing to the figures of the railroad mana-

gers wages have been increased 50 per

cent since 1910 and the present demands

amount to an additional increase of 20

per cent. Should the increase be allowed

the companies declare that the public

must pay higher rates for service.



Five young men ranging in age from

17 to 22 year-Q. were dro‘Wned in Lake

Erie near Buffalo, when the canoes in





~wblch they were riding overturned in a.





:udden galat The Ivictims were members

prom nen am ies of Niagam'

and La Salle, N. Y. “lb





Although press reports intimated that





a special session of the Michigan Le a-

‘ (Continued on page 41). 8‘
-...——_——_._. ._-_,.____.____,_





 





 





 





 





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





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PUBLISH





 





 





 





   





           





 





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Wye FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





A Summer in the Himalayas.





in central India becomes so intense



that all Europeans and Americans

who can do so, leave the plains for the

hill stations of northern or southern In-

dia. Some people go away up to Kashmir

on the northwest frontier and spend the

summer in a houseboat. The trip there

is long and tedious, the latter part being

by tonga (cart). The most fashionable

resort is Simla, where the official class

goes, for the seat of the government is

there during the summerf Darjeeling and

Naini Tal are two smaller stations, but

both are quite damp and cold.



Second to Simla in popularity is MuS-

soorie. Its climatic conditions are as

good as can be found anywhere in India,

and taken together with Landour, pos-

sesses all the social advantages desirable,

with an abundnce of rest and quiet. The

two stations are on the foothills of the

Himalayas, the former at an elevation of

six thousand feet and Landour a thou-

sand feet higher up.



We chose Landour in which to Spend

our first summer in India, and to an Am-

erican girl out from home but a few





B Y the latter part of April the heat





By CATHALINE ALFORD ARCHER.





only at very high excess rates and freight

rates are very high as well.



The trains are in the compartment

style with three seats and two upper

berths in a compartment. The seats are

arranged for sleeping purposes, but every

one has to take his own bedding. So we

start for a journey not only with the or-

dinary luggage but with an immense roll

of bedding besides.



Then as the food and water to be had

along the way are not considered safe,

we take a lunch basket which (with the

addition of a little fruit perhaps) contains

enough food for the whole trip. Besides

all this we must have a great clay bottle

filled with drinking water. When the

first supply is exhausted we can have the

bottle refilled with boiled water at any

station along the way. Altogether, we

have a varied lot of baggage to take into

a train, but there need be no embarrass-

ment about it for everyone travels the

same way in India.



The first part of the trip, and especially





their merits from the standpoint of com-

fort, which we soon found to be decid-

edly small. A dandi is a canoe-shaped

affair which is carried by four cooiies,



Coolies must bring all the baggage also

and continuously a great number are

trudging up and down with heavy trunks

and boxes on their backs. “’hat a hard

lief is theirs! And in return for carry-

ing a heavy burden up-hill for Seven

miles they receive six or eight cents! Yet

they are wonderfully cheerful fellows and

almost without exception honest. Very

easy it would be to stop in some seclud-

ed part of the road, open a bag or suit-

case, take out the valuables and hurry

away along one of the isolated mountain

paths. No one could trace the man. But

in spite of all this opportunity, only one

instance of such robbery has been re-

ported.



The climb was monotonous until we

neared Mussoorie. Some of the many

schools which surround the hill can be

seen from the road. First, we passed St.





narrow and crowded like all of its kind.

The shops, all huddled together, open out

onto the street and the merchants sit in

the midst of their conglomerate mass of

wares. Swarms of brown children are

all about, for the bazaar is the native’s

home as well as his place of business.

Almost everything is sold in the bazaar.

Many of the native merchants are direct

importers from the European manufac-

turers and have amassed large fortunes

for this country. They live, however, in

the same meager circumstances as their

humblcr neighbors.



Leaving the bazaar, one begins the as-

cent of the Landour hills. There are

three in a nearly east and west line. The

roads have been built around each sum-

mit, intersecting between each hill.

Where the road first divides at the west-

ern hill we passed the Church of Eng-

land. .\t the next intersection is the

Presbyterian church, which was built in

1902-} as a memorial to Dr. Kellogg, the

most widely-known American missionary

to India. “'hen the third hill was reach-

ed we took the northern road and soon

saw what was to be our home for the





 





 





 





 





 





Scenes in India:

months, the weeks spent there were both

strange and interesting. The trip up

from Jubbulpore in the central provinces

requires two days. Traveling in India is

quite different from what it is at home,

but quite as comfortable. The railways

are controlled by the government and the

service is very good, there being few ac-

cidents, although 'the trains all make good

time. Furthermore, the rate of fare is

very low and one has good accommoda-

tions at a half cent a mile; Or if the

journey is a short one it is possible on

some lines to go by the third-class at a

quarter of a cent a mile. But partially

offsetting the cheapness of the fare is

the fact that all heavybaggage is carried





1. Coolies and dandi on Rajpur Road. 2,





from Allahabad to Lucknow, was ex'trleme-

1y hot. We ,were passing through great

sand plains where the sun seemed to

have baked everything in sight excepting

some cacti and a few trees. But as the

elevation increased it grew cooler and by

the second morning we had gotten out

coats and sweaters preparatory to a sev-

en mile drive to Rajpur by tonga.



In Rajpur we had breakfast and a rest

and were then ready for the four-hour

climb up to Landour. About the hotel

veranda were gathered the conveyances

which were to take us— ponies for the

men, "dandies" for the women. It was

our first sight of the queer vehicles of

the mountains and we were interested in





Houses of Mussoorie with snows in Background. 3.





 





George’s College, a Roman Catholic in-

stitution; soon a large orphanage, and

later we could see XVoodstock College,





one of the best known schools of India.

It was established fifty years ago by the

Ladies’ Board of Foreign Missions of the

Presbyterian church of America and still

retains something of an American atmos-

phere, many of the teachers being from

the United States. In the various schools

about Mussoorie there are five thousand

English and American children in at-

tendance.



Without entering Mussoorie, we turned

aside to the Landour bazaar, said to be

one of the finestbazaars of India. The

bazaar street is about a, mile in length,





The Landour Bazaar. 4.





Dehra Dun Station.





summer snugly nestled under the crest

of the great hill.



The white houses of the settlement can

be seen scattered all about. Landour is

a military station and the soldiers and

their families are sent up here every

summer from one of the large military

divisions. Above us on the hill top is

the Army HOSpital. Ever since 1828,

when Landour was only a half-built col—

ony, invalid men from all the northern

cantonments have been sent here. It was

the first military hospital established in

India.



Our house faced northeast toward the

high ranges of the Himalayas. We look-

ed Gilt over a valley, hundreds of feet in
30 —-10





depth where a mountain torrent roared

unseen, to a range of higher, mountains

and far beyOnd to the towering peaks of

eternal snows. When the day was clear,

miles and miles of the snow—capped range

could be seen, the whole more than 20,000

feet in elevation. But there are a thou-

sand peaks of the Himalayas of such

hight and what we saw were only a few

of them. At evening when the rays of

the setting sun streamed in at either end

of our valley the whole aspect took on

such beauty as to seem almost unreal.

The fading sunlight penetrated the clouds

and mist, transforming them into orange,

rose and purple. It slanted across the

bright green mountains, streaking them

with gold, and finally fell upon the far-

off glistening peaks of snow. Above all,

the deep azure of the sky makes a fitting

background to a picture so grand that

one could not but stand in awe at such

a sight.



For the first few weeks after our ar-

rival our chief pastime was examining

the contents of the packs which the var-

ious peddlers brought around. There are

Kashmir walas (men), brass waias, box

walas and many others and their fre-

quent visits saved many a shopping trip

to the bazaar or to Mussoorie. The Kash-

mir things were embroidery and drawn

work, exquisitely done. There were cush-

ions, centerpieces, shawls and even em-

broidered rugs, and the most interesting

part was the absurdly low price for which

truly beautiful things could be purchas-

ed. A handsome waist pattern of silk,

elaborately embroidered and with drawn-

work front could be had for a dollar and

a half; beautifully embroidered lunch

cloths at from seventy—five cents to two

dollars, and many other things in the

same proportion. The men always asked

at least twice as much as they expected

to receive and everyone had to bargain

with them. Such fellows all know a

certain amount of English and conversa—

tion with them is always very funny.



Some are very much offended when

they are spoken to in Hindustani and

often they will answer in English. One

may go to the bazaar and politely ask

the price of “matar ka khana" and be

told that peas are ten pice a pound!

Many of the merchants and high-class

natives have learned English ways and

some use English costumes. Such “ln~

dian gentlemen" are wonderfully good

imitations, too.



The slope by which Landour is ap-

proached from the plains is in British

territory but the hills and valleys seen

on the other three sides form a part of

the native state of Tehri. a great section

of the Himalayas reaching to the per—

petual snows of the Tibetan border. The

very nearest villages below us were in

Tehri territory, Landour being on the

border line. Round about us in the nooks

and corners of the mountains were more

than a hundred of these villages.



The Villagers are all Hindoos, although

their religion has become almost a demon

worship. They do not speak any of the

languages of the plains, but a dialect of

their own. Many of them came to Lan—

dour and Mussoorie during the season.

There were the milk carriers who climb

up daily from villages within a radios of

ten miles; mcn bringing berries, peaches,

apricots or other mountain fruits; the

dandi carriers who came from forty to

fifty miles away near the Maharaja’s cap-

itol, and the men who came for salt, to-

bacco and cloth for villages, some of

them a hundred miles distant.



\‘Ve could see two or three of the queer

little villages on a hill just under us.

The small terraced fields were a vivid

green since the rains had come and

sprouted the crops of grain. A great

quantity of the different kinds of grain

is raised all about the hills. Of course,

the methods of farming are the very

crudest, as are all the trades But the

people have few tools just as they have

little clothing: few household furnishings,

in fact very few of the things we con-

sider not comforts but necessities of life.



The coolies have left their wives to do

the farming and

abOut the hill all summer. They live

(eight or ten together) in tiny huts,

sleeping anywhere—by the side of the

road or on the roof of the house. usually

with only a stone for a pillow, and have

only a few cooking vessels in which to

cook their scanty food. They have to

work in the midst of the pouring rains

of the monsoons and are drenched sev—

eral times a day. Occasionally one can

afoul an umbrella. but usually the cool-

ig.’ umbrella. is a hoodlike arrangement

of! leaves, as much as four feet by two

in: dimensions. What a queer sight is

an: umbrella of that sort with only two





they themselves stay_





 





THE' MICHIGAN {FAR'M‘E‘R





black legs showing underneath! Such

fellows live on two or three cents a day

and by the end of the season they have

saved what seems to theme large sum.



The rains worked wonders in the-looks

of all the vegetatiori everywhere. Grass

appeared on the hitherto bare hills, new

leaves came out upon the trees and the

weather seemed to an American more

like April than July. The flowers and

ferns come out in great abundance, the

latter of every conceivable variety—tiny

hairlike kinds and immense ones with

smooth, shiny leaves. Masses of begon-

has with their delicate pink and white

ilmvers were hidden away under the

ferns. Dahlias, too, growwild. The hill-

sides were thick with them and the hosts

of red, orange, yellow and scarlet blooms

made a gay sight. The little oxalis is

natiVe here and it covered large areas.

Then there were the beautiful orchids.

Those that grow upon the trees bloom

later on, but many varieties of the

strange ground orchid were found. The

lovely little purple one grows up about

six inches from the ground. while the

white one has six or eight flOWers on a

stem much higher. The wild iris is an-

other flower of the hills. We were a]-

ways glad to see some of the familiar

flowers of the home land, dandelions, clo-

vers, forget-Ine-nots, primroses and many

of our cultivated varieties.



Earlier in the season the hills were

covered with the Himalayan rose, Very

different from any roses We have at

home. The flowers are white and the

whole bush at a distance looks more like





the syringa than anything else.’





Upon

close inspection the general form and

leaves are found to be that of the rose.

\Vhen we came in April the rhododendrons

were ablaze with their great clusters of

scarlet bloom. The trees are so large

that rhododendron lumber is largely used

for all building purposes. In fact, the

mountain oak is the only other valu-

able timber. V’e did not recognize the

mountain oaks until we saw the acorns

for they are so different from other oaks.

Nevertheless they are the same big

friendly handsome trees as their brothers

in the woods at home. Here they are

covered with beautiful, velvety moss, and,

when the rains come, out of the moss

lovely feather ferns spring up so thick

that Often the limbs look like green

feather boas.



There Were few wild animals about the

hills. Some huge gray baboons came up

about the house and during the summer

two or three bears and al'leopard were

shot in the valley. Once in a while a

fox visits a chicken coop but otherwise

almost no animal life is seen, the game

having been all killed off by the numer-

ous EngliSh huntsmen.



Here we had the awful, unchanging

majesty of the mountains. In Jubbelpore

We saw the strange contrasts of the real

Indian life, the ever-shifting scenes of

a great, cosmopolitan city. Here we felt

the inSpiration of marvelous beauty;

there, the intense appeal of a people re-

markable still in intellect, though steeped

throughout the ages in false moral and

religious doctrine.





IlummumlmmnmmnnnmlmlIlmmImmmnmmmlmuImmuImlmmmnmnmmnnmmmmmnmnnnnnnnnmmlIImlIlI[mmnnnmnnumumllmnumnmlmmlImuunmulmnmmmmm





When the Ceiling Fell.





By HILDA RICHMOND.





 





“This ceiling looks shakier than usual."

remarked one of the letter carriers cast-

ing a glance up at the cracked plastering

overhead as he slung his letter pouch off

his broad shoulder. “One of these days

it's going to come down."



The postmaster quietly reading by the

rusty stove caught the words and also

glanced upward. “It does look pretty bad.

Billy, that’s a fact,” he- said, “but Iguess

there’s no danger. It has looked that

way ever since I've been here.”



In the general delivery there was a

quiet scrambling about, and five minutes

later a breathless clerk had everything

in apple-pie order. She had whisked the

waste papers out of sight, hidden the ap-

pie with which she had been relieving her

long fast from five-thirty in the morning

until noon, for in those days post—(mice

clerks kept long and Weary hours, and

had neatly dusted her shelves. Now she

stood demurely sorting over letters and

busying herself between patrons, while

in all other parts of the shabby ofiice

there was quiet systematic work going

on. The letter carrier who felt uneasy

about the ceiling was quickly and care-

fully putting his desk to rights, and the

deputy postmaster had a wet rag and

was clearing away the dust from the

money-order desk. Of all this the post-

master was blissfully unconsr-ious as he

resumed his paper and everything was

silent.



In the little post-office in the small city

of Peru there were, only three clerks and

four carriers, so that they were like one

big family. for all were young and jolly

and congenial. They had a complete lan-

guage of their own, they said, unknown

to outsiders or even the postmaster him—

self, and it often proved a great help to

them as well as a great protection.



“libero did you see him, Billy?" whis-

bered the mailing clerk as she industrL

Ously cleared her desk and put her be-

longings in order. ‘



“Over at the hotel getting his break-

fast,” whispered back the carrier. “He’ll

be here in a few minutes.”



Hardly were the words out of his mouth

when an- alert, business-like yOung man

stepped into the money-order office and

announced that he had come to inSpect

the ofiice. Everyone knew him and as

be greeted them all he noted with pleas-

ure that they were all busy and every-

thing seemed in fine order.



“Lucky escape this time," said one of

the carriers to another in a low tone.

“If Billy hadn’t brought in the word my

desk would have been a sight to behold.

Mother's been sick all week and I've

rather neglected ’ things.”



The inspection was quickly mule and

the young ofl‘icial departed to check up

another onlco, so lite settled back to the





old ebb and flow in the post-office. Times

have changed wonderfully during the past

fifteen or twenty years in regard to work

in post-offices, and the old freedom and

fun and lack of sy5tem are gone forever.

In those days clerks and carriers work-

ed over-time, if occasion required, and

nothing was said about it; Time was

recorded to suit convenience and with

little regard for accuracy, but now the

clock ruthlessly tells the tale of even one

minute over~time and the careful work-

ers must keep within the limit or suffer

the consequences.





“Everything looks remarkably clean and '





neat this morning," remarked the post~

master as he made the rounds after the

inspector left. "One would think you

folks knew when he was coming."



'Nobody said a word, though those with

their backs to the gentleman exchanged

sly glances. After the satisfied post-

master had gone out a general laugh

went up. “If that ceiling ever is repaired

I don‘t know what we will do," laughed

the mailing clerk. “It is such a safe

and handy expression."



“The P. M. is out now looking for the

owner of the building to have it mend-

ed.” said the assistant postmaster. “He

told me that was what he was going

for.”



In the midst of the general groan that

was audible in the corridor outside, the

general delivery clerk said quietly: “The

ceiling looks dangerous right now.”





The rest looked incredulous, but two

seconds later the inspector hustled into

the room, finding them all at work and

quiet. “I forgot some important papers,”

he said breathlessly. “I was just ready

to take the train for Sylvia and missed

them. Thank you very much! Goodbye

once more! There’s my train!” and he

dashed away to the station once more.



"I thought you were joking, Louise,"

said one of the carriers as soon as it was

safe. “I thoughbhe left on the ten-

five.”



“Nobody ever jokes about the ceiling.”

said the assistant gravely. "That is un-

derstood.”



“That is right, Mr. Newton," laughed

Louise. “Vi’henelver the ceiling is in dan-

ger it is a sign the inspector is close at

hand.”



At that mOment the postmaster walked

in with the proprietor of the building, a

big, pompous old gentleman, and togeth-

er they looked at the condition of the

room. “Something ought to be‘done,"

the postmaster was saying warmly. "It

is actually dangerous to have to stay in

such a building. If something isn’t done

at once I shall have to report the matter

to the Department." -



"Report and be hanged!" said the own-

er explosively. “If the Department wants





JULY 12, 1913.

to move the (mice out of! my building the

sooner-they do it the better I’ll be satis-

fied. It's a bill of expense to me con-

stantly, and the little bit of rent they

pay hardly covers the taxes and insur-

ance. I'm sick and tired of hearing about

repairs all the time. This plastering will

be on here when you are all dead and

buried.” His voice rose until outsiders

craned their necks to see what was going

on in the oflice, and after more heated

conversation he left the building.



“Of course nothing will be done.” said

the angry pOStmaster. “If the Depart-

ment could find a suitable location they

would move tomorrow, but Smith knows

there isn’t a vacant room in tOWn So he

does as he pleases. If I thought nobody

would be: hurt I'd wish the ceiling would

fall one of these days when the trains

rush through. and then he’d have to do

something. It’s disgraceful this way.”



It certainly was disgraceful, for no

paper hanger had ever been able to make

paper stick to the shabby ceiling, and the





strips hung in dusty festoons from above. ,





The whole place was disoolored with soft

coal smoke-the owner furnished rent,

light and fuel—and on a dark day it was

one of the most forlorn places imagina-

ble. But in the midst of the many un-

pleasant things they had to contend with

the young people did their work weil'and

enjoyed every moment of their existence

in spite of the long hours and hard work.



But during the next few weeks the agi-

tation over the destruction of the Maine

and the talk of war with Spain put ev-

erything into the background, and every-

one in the town was in a fever of excite-

ment. Every other interest was forgot-

ten. for in case war was declared every-

one had a cousin or brother or sweet-

heart or friend who would march away,

and in the post-office patriotism ran high.

One of the letter carriers was a member

of the local regiment and he was ready

at any moment to start to the front. 80

life was full of thrills, and even the in-

spector came in one day unannounced

and mercifully overlooked many deficien-

cies because of the unsettled state of at“-





fairs, for he was young and enthusiastic ‘





for war himself. But the crowning glory

came when the regiment was mobilized

in the town because the- colonel lived

there, and for one week business and ev-

erything gave way to the bold soldier

boys.



Of course, in a little city like Peru there

were no hotels to accommodate one thou-

sand men so suddenly thrust upon them,

so schools, private homes, halls, ,lodge

rooms and vacant store rooms were flung

wide open to receive them. Ladies serv-

ed meals in public places and the town

gave the soldiers a reception, a banquet

and so much attention it is wonderful to

record that their heads were not turned.

There were street parades and drills and

military talk and preparations for going

to the front and so much excitement that

a stranger might have imagined himself

right at the Seat of war if he had drop-

ped into Peru just then.



“Of all the unpatriotic people!” grum-

bled the mailing clerk, straightening up

a bunch of circulars in order to cancel

the stamps. "Here’s Mr. Schmidt send-

ing out circulars calling attention to his

superior groceries while we’re head over

ears in other things, Those soldiers are

sending out three or four thousand pos-

tal cards a day, and it’s no small task to

put them in order and postmark them."



"0, well, he’s only a foreigner and a

neWComer in town," said the general de‘

livery clerk soothingly. "Of course, I

think the soldiers should have the right





of way, but they’ll scon be gone."





“Yes, but if I have to get out all them

circulars I’ll miss dress parade at five."

walled the mailing clerk. “I always miss

my supper to see it and it isn’t fair to

stay in for this trash." _



"Put those circulars aside," said the

postmaster from his private oflice where

he had overheard the conVersation.

“Schmidt ought to know better than to

send them out this week. Let them wait

till the soldiers are out of town."



Clerks and carriers worked at the diffi-

cult task of sorting mail, and often it

was ten o’cioek at night before the weary

workers went home. They went to the





office at five in the morning and hardly .





had time for a. bite to eat—their hasty

eating could not be Called by so dignified

a term as meals—and early and late tried

to send out the vast numbers of cards

and get the incoming mail disposed of as

quickly as possible. However, they did

not complain, for next to going to war





, themselves they felt the high honor of





doing ”something for those who were 809

(Continued on page 32).





 





 





 





 





M..~.~.





“w "w "I..". Wyn’nwamfi‘cflfu
an.“ “a, , .

u





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





JULY 12, 1913.





A LADDIE.





 





BY ARTHUR w. PEACH-





Waking with the birds at dawn

He tunes his cheery whistle,

And the morning air .is .smit

As with shrilling missfle.

Then the elders rouse and shake

Sober heads quite sadly,

Prophesying direful ends

For that noisy laddie.





He is quiet—when asleep,

Doors seem made for banging;

Caps and coats are never found

\Vhere they should be hanging.





 





Father scowls and sternly growls,

Mother looks on sadly;



But what a quiet house ’twould be

\Vith no noisy laddie.





Gold and power some may have,

Find life nought but pleasure,

Have their cup of happiness

Full to dripping measure;

But no happier man there is

Than the one who gladly

Hears the greeting, “Hi, there, Pop!"

From his :iOisy laddie!

THE TRUE STORY THAT GREAT-

GRANDMA TOLD.

.._.____





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.





"O, dear,” sighed Edith. “What can I

do to pass away the time? It is raining

so I can’t go out to play and I am tired

of picture books and dolls. I ’most wish

Saturday would never come, for it’s al-

ways sure to rain.”



“How would you like to have me tell

you a story?" asked Great-grandmother

Robinson, a sprightly, white—haired lady

of 81 who had heard the little girl’s com-





‘plaint.





“O, that would be splendic,” was the

quick response. "And will it be a. true

story about the time when you were a

little girl and lived with your papa and

mamma in a log house?”



“Yes, my dear," responded her grand-

mother. “It will be just such a story as

that. We older people who years ago

experienced the hardships as vgell as the

pleasures of pioneer life are anxious to

have them handed down from generation

to generation so they will not be forgot-

ten. The pioneer is fast passing away,

and in a few years more there will he no

one to relate these stories of their early

life. So draw your little rocker closer

and I will tell you of the days when

Michigan was a wilderness. When you

are grown to be a woman and have chil—

dren of your own I hope you will not for-

get to tell the tale to them and so pass

it along.





“I was born in Genesee county, New

York, in the year of 1830," began Mrs.

Robinson, “and when I was five years





old father decided to move to Michigan

in company with a number of his friends

who, with their families, were going to

seek for themselves homes in the new

country to the west of them which was

then just beginning to attract settlers.

Perhaps it was owing to its name that

Genesee was the place decided on as a

location. Flint at that time consisted of

only one house, owned by a Mr. Todd.

Five miles north of this place father and

his fellow colonists located. As they

were all temperance men the home of

these settlers soon became known as the

Cold Water Settlement.



"I was too young to remember all that

took place on the long journey. but I

knew that we crossed Lake Erie on a

boat and landed at Detroit. From there

We started overland for our destination

with an ox team which carried our nonse-





T‘HE MICHIGAN FARMER





hold goods in addition to ourselves.

When we reached Flint, after several

days’ travel, We were at the end of the

road. Beyond that point the way was

merely an Indian trail, blazed so it could

be more readily diStinguished.”



“\Vhat does blazed mean, Grandma?"

interrupted Edith who was listening eag-

erly to every word.



“It means that the trail or road was

marked at different places by striking an

axe into a tree and removing a piece of

the bark a few feet from the ground.

This left a white spot which could be

plainly seen so that travelers would not

lo‘Se the way. All new roads through the

forest were marked in that way and were

known as blazed trails.



“Some of the settlers had preceded

us,” continued Mrs. Robinson. “and had

built for our use a tiny log house. Later,

when father built a larger one, I re-

member that my little sister and myself

pr0udly carried between us the brass

andirons from the first dwelling to the

second one as our part in the moving.

Our chimney was built on the outside

of the house and was composed of sticks

held in place with mud, instead of bricks

and mortar. The floor was of boards

brought from Pontiac but the walls were

of rough logs chinkcd with mud. The

roof was of long shingles, called shakes,

split out of ash timber.



“All of the supplies for the settlement,

except meat and vegetables, had to be

brOught from Pontiac, 35 miles away.

The colonists took turns in making this

trip, which occupied several days. One

man would bring provisions for all the

others, which made quite a load for his

ox team. Once when it was father’s

turn to go he was right in the midst of

an important piece of work and mother

offered to go in his place. This she did.

I shall never forget how eagerly we chil-

dren watched for her return and how

delighted we were when we saw her

coming. Streams, including Flint river,

had to be forded. for there were no

bridges, and on the way back, after a

heavy shower, mother said the water

was so deep at one ford that it came

up into the wagon box. But she got

across in safety.



“Indians were frequent visitors at the

Cold “’ater Settlement and, although we

soon learned that they were friendly to

the whites, mother never liked their hab-

it of walking into the house unannounc-

ed, f0r an Indian never stopped to knock

at the door. They had even at that early

day learned to drink ‘fire-water,’ obtain-

ing it at Saginaw, an Indian trading post.

I remember that on her return from

Pontiac mother had brought some dried

apples, which were a great treat, as there

were no apple trees in the settlement.





less under the influence of liquor. Moth-

er was alone with her three little girls,

the youngest a babe in the cradle. The

red men made no trouble but she did

not enjoy the visit and was extremely

anxious to have them leave. Finally

they started to go. As they flied out of

the door the last one spied the apple

sauce. Seizing the kettle he hurried af-

ter his companions, no doubt anticipating

a treat. But mother did not propose to

lose the dish she had been at such pains

to prepare and, running after the thief,

she snatched the kettle from his hand

and bore it‘ in triumph back to the house.





“Maple trees were abundant in the

forest and furnished the only sugar the

settlers had. In our sugar bush stood a

tiny log hut Where, in huge kettles, the

sap was boiled down. At night we chil-

dren would sometimes stay with father

when he was ‘sugaring off.’ Often we

could hear the wolves howling in the

forest around us and we could see their

eyes glowing like coals of fire in the

darkness.



“in spite of the hardShips and priva-

tions we had a happy childhood and DaSs-





ed many pleasant hours in the old log

house.



“But see! child,” concluded the old

lady, “the sun is shining now and you





can go out and play.”



“Thank you for the story, Grandma,"

replied Edith. “I have enjoyed it very

much and will surely remember all that

you have said.”





JACK’S VICTORY.





 





BY MRS. JEFF D.AVIS‘.





Into every boy's life there comes a

crisis—a time when he swings himself

for the right or the wrong. It may be a

most trivial affair that tests him, ap-

parently just an incident, but the trial

is there all the same, and its results

make, or mar, for all after life.



Jack Marvin’s crisis Was on him, and

a severe test it proved. All that parents,

schOol, church, Work and had

taught him was warring on one side; on

the other the law of self-preservation.

even at the risk of doing another an in-

justice.



Somebody had been helping himself

frOm the stock of Sorter S: Johnson's big

grocery store. Every employ felt wor—

ried because of the uncertainty, and im-

patient to have the mystery solved.



The janitor had served the firm long

and faithfully, and was considered above

suspicion. Indeed, there was no hint of

blame attached to any of the force. It

was Openly stated that the goods must

have been removed by a thief on the

outside. But as day after day things

continued to disappear, and no clue





sport





Ill“illlliHi[llillllHliillllliIIllllllllIi|lliilHillHHHHIHHHHHIHHIHHilHiil|llillHilllllillliiiiiilllllliillillill|lllllillliliilillliilll|liiilHII|Illil|||llilllllillilliillllliiil|HilllllililliiilJiH|||i!iiiiiill|iiiiiilliliiiliiiiiiiilillili





 





The Old Michigan

Mill.





Mute Reminder of Days

Gone By.





Here is one of the





 





very few remaining





relics of the water-





power, grist-mill day





in Michigan. This one

is standing in Allegan

c0unty, but for some

years has been “off its

job” as one may im-

agine. It is a pictur-

esque point of interest

at the summering place

by which it is now





hemmed ln.,





lilllilHilliiilIllll||IIllllllliillllllllllIHIllliiilllllllllliilllHillillliiiIlIiiiIHIHHIHIIIHIHIHIIiliililllHiIiiillillllillilllillliiilllilIIHHIl|IlliillliiilllllllllllillllilllllliiilllIlllillIllllilllliilllllllllllllllllllllilllllliliillliiillllll





she had just finished cooking

the fruit in the big brass kettle hung

over the fire, sweetened it with maple

sugar, which was the only kind we had,

and set it on a bench outside the door

to cool‘. Presently the door opened and

in stalked several Indians, all more or





One day





 





11—3]

CUBS’ FOOD





They Thrive on Grape-Nuts.





Healthy babies don’t‘ cry and the well-

nourished baby that is fed on Grape-

Nuts is never a crying baby. Many

babies who cannot take any other food

relish the perfect food, Grape-Nuts, and

get Well.



“My baby was given up by three doc-

tors who said that the condensed milk on

which I had fed her had ruined the child’s

stomach. One of the doctors told me that

the only thing to do would be to try

Grape-Nuts, so I got some and prepared

it as follows: I soaked 11/2 tablespoonfuls

in one pint of cold water for half an

hour, then I strained off the liquid and

mixed 12 teaSpoonfuls of this strained

Grape-Nuts juice with six teaspoonfuls

of rich milk. put in a pinch of salt and

a little sugar, warmed it and gave it to

baby every tw0 hours.



“In this simple, easy way I saved

baby’s life and have built her up to a.

strong. healthy child, rosy and laughing.

The food must certainly be perfect to

have such a wonderful effect as this. I

can truthfully say I think it is the best

food in the world to raise delicate babies

on and is also a delicious healthful food

for grown-ups as we have discovered in

our family.”



Grape-Nuts is equally valuable to the

strong. healthy man or woman. It stands

for the true theory of health. “There's

a. reason,” and it is explained in the little

book, “The Road to VVellville,” in pkgs.





Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine. true.

and full of human interest.





 





Mr. F armer--Listen to me

“Any rooponslblo party can





buy my scales to be paid for when he sees

what he gets and knows there is no mis-

representation"---How does that sound I

I mean it. Since 1865 I have been fight-

' ing competition of all kinds single handed

and alone for the benefit of the farmer.

I won the flu! man to cut out the

middleman. I won the llrol mon to

tell you the exact cos! of a scale a!

your olallon. l was “10 Hrs! mon to

sell on approval. I still "pay the

freight". I still sell on approval and I

still guarantee my scales of all kinds to

be the equal of any made and I will sell

any style at the lowest price of any scale of equal quality. 1 do

not claim to sell the cheapest but the best. For prices write





”JONES, HE PAYS THE FREIGHT." Binxliunton. N. Yv





 





 





 

 

 





9c PER FOOT





. Boot Quality Copper—Extra Heavy Cable

A better conductor than required by In-

. surance Companies. System complete with

full directions for installing. No agents.

You get wholesale price.



Buy Direct—On Trial—Freight Prop-id



Pay after you.are satisfied. OurRods are

securely protecting thousands of farm homes

and W! 1 protect yours. Write postal for

FREE book on lightning protection. Tells

plainly Just the facts you Will be inter-

ested In. Ask for it today.





a [ho Jam .sfie‘irtgitfii’om'w "I"





DAIS FLY KILLER {1:223 fiflfifi'iii





 





 





lea. Neat. clean. or-

namcntal. convenient.





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





> cheap. Lost! All



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.. ;» metal, can‘t spill ortip



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457 ‘5 _ injure anything.

lir’“\""‘ Guaranteed effective.





Sold by Dealers or

6 sent prepaid lot 81.





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Save Work,

Time, Money





By using ourlow down

steel wheel





. an: ’5‘?»





 





saves high lifting, lighten

draft, don‘t. rut roads. Spokes

don‘t loosenruwheels don't (try out or rot.

Write for free book on Wagons and Wheels.





Eloctrlc Wheel 00.. 35 Elm Street. Quincy. III.

I





WANTED!





At once a few men, who are hustlers, for

soliciting. No experience necessary.

Good salary guaranteed and expenses

paid. The work is dignified, healthful





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





could be. found, even the youngest clerk

in the store grew nervous, and suspicious.



Jack being one of the most trusted of

the employes, and detained oftener than





 





any of the others after business hours,

felt that in some inexplicable way the

blame was being thrust upon him. Of





and instructive. In writing give refer-

ences and also state whether you have a

horse and buggy of your own. Address





BOX .i. it, Care Michigan Farmer, Detroit.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





V ANTED FOR U. S. ARMY—Able-bodied. un.



married men between ages 18 and : citizens of

U. S. or have first pepem: of good character and

temperate habits. who can speak. read and write the

Lug rah language; 800d poll. to . lodging. clothing

and medical atten anoe free. For information 3 ply

at: Recruitin Stat on. 212 Griswold St... Detroit Liich

Henvenrioh' lock. So. inaw. Mich. 144 W. Main St .

%acrkgoni QMioIhStSIBtP 1«Pfiginaw Sta, Flint. Mich.



u on us. , .. 0 ur . . .

St.. Pontiac. Michigan. on Mich 28N. Saginaw





LEARN AUCTloNEERlNG—You can become





_ , ' dependent

With no do 11:31 invested. Write lllotla f :-



cataloc of orld’s Greatest School or Auct’iongerifrliee

Bummer term 089“ July 28th. JONES NATE;

SCHOOL OF AU TIONEERING. 14 N. Sacramento

Blvd.. Chicago. Ill. Carey M. Jones. President.
32—42





RunningWater





in House and Barn at even

«so.





icmpcrature Winter or Sum-

i J.

I “





3‘87

" ”“450!“ \_,A |‘-'





at Small Cost.

., . sup—w

» ,ln r‘.’ ruchl’rs





1|: 'ci: - In; S C.) “'I ll





 





Acrmoior 60., 2d and Madison Sheets. 0 (‘a‘





 





mmlodmnayemold. Lao: on . ,



mama-Me. use no tobacco. honest. industrious

kind stock. a good meohunic and hove a good educa-

tion. Hove beenl years at present place. Open after

Dec. 1.!1913. Best, of references furnished also required.

um me an offer now. Route 1. 30:3. Ponfleld. Mich.





—

4





Farms and Farm Lands For Sal

m THE BEST ill-nus. 82:: hours





Mbhlcan. write E. N. PASSAGE. Plymoutthlch.





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Write to on SELMAN a 00.. ngfig‘ngf'xvfains‘





‘(LB NEW EORK I‘lllgPBOXED Fgefilriii—sfro great

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I

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° ~13 States 8'0 to am

Money-Moira: Farm an we, 1,", stock,

mole end crops often included to some quickly.

More in productive land near good markets cost.

than some money will wrchaseelsewhere on earth.

Get the roots. B? illustrated catal No. 36lree.



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WANTED—Situation on an up-to-date stock farm.by

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E. STROU M AG ENOY.

Pitta-burg, Pa. ,





 





COME TO TEXAS!

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Dept





 





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A Wild! To Be Prelim For Elm Boy

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A





Illliilllll





 





 





 





I.

.’~

\



\





THE MICNOGM





FAiMEI.

DITROH‘. RICH.





   

   

 





Boys, here is the wt chance that ever

was offered to get a. good time-keeping

watch without it costing you a. cent.

Read this over and then get busy, if you

haven’t got the watch as good as in

your pocket in a. couple of hours, it’s be-

cause you don’t want it bad enough.



The watch is the real thing, Iii-size.

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hand. fine watch movement. and keeps ,





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with it or take. it apart, in fact, if you

will treat it as the friend it will prove

to you. the manufacturer will keep it in

repair fer one year Without charge.

That’s fair, isn’t it?



HERE IS HOW YOU GET 11'.



Go to three of your neighbors who are

not subscribers to The Michigan Farmer,

or whose time has run out, tell [them that

you will have sent to them the Michigan

Farmer (the best farm paper in Ameri-

ca), every week for a. year (52 copies) for

only 50 cents. Collect 50 cents from

the three of them and 8 nd us the $1.50

you collect, together with the three names

and addresses, and the watch will be

sent to you at once, post paid.



‘Eusicst thing you ever did. The Mich-

igan Farmer used to be $1.00 a year and

now you only charge 50 cents, (less than

one cent a week), and by telling the

neighbors that you are after a watch you

will likely get the first three you ask.



start right away. the sooner you start

the sooner you have the watch ticking in





your pocket and telling you at a, glance ~,





the hour, the minute, and the second of

the any. Send your order to





m “MAN I‘m Milt. lick.





IV





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





end overhaul

that





he caught side glances.

several whispered conversations

made him decidedly uncomfortable.



When the head of the firm sent for

him, and warned him to use extra. viz-

ilance the last thing at night, and asked

him if he had any idea that would help

in solving the mystery of the thefts, he

almost spoke. He wanted to say: “I

don’t know who this thief is, but I do

“wow that the last clerk you employed,

just before those losses were discovered,

is the son of a thief. George Manly’s

father was detected in robbing the firm

for which he worked, and only escaped

the penitentiary by taking his own life."



Jack realized that should he speak

these words the dark clouds of suspicion,

which seemed to be gathering around

him, would be concentrated on the head

of the new clerk.



“But.” he asked himself, “ would it be

quite fair to conclude that the old adage,

‘Like father, like son,’ is always cor-

rect?”



He recalled the fact that Mrs. Manly

had used the entire life insurance to pay

her husband’s shortage and, in a man—

ner, wipe out a part of’the stain on her

children‘s name, although it left the fam-

ily almost penuiless.



Then George had proved quiet,

ful, and efficient, and had never, by word

or look, asked Jack to keep silent. and.

apparently, Jack was the only one who

knew of his past trouble.



In fact the boys had met as entire

strangers, and neither had since referred

to the time when they were schoolmates





 





in another state. Jack hardly knew why

he had not told of their former acquaint:-

ance. Partly, perhaps, from a kindly re-

luctance to refer to a period of George’s

llife of which he' might be keenly sensi-

tive, and a desire to give him a square

deal in overcoming a disgrace of which

he was wholly guililess.



It had been no trouble to keep silent

when there was nothing to lose, but now

it was hard not to speak when he imag-

ined the preprietor’s tone was frigid with

suspicion every time he spoke to him.



Jack’s mother was his only confidant,

and she consolcd him by saying: "I‘m

prOud of you, son. It Would not be right

for you to say anything that would re-

flect on George Manly, for no doubt he

is as gulltless of them mysterious thefts

as you are. All will be made clear some

day. and then you will be glad that you

did not do an injustice to one who al-

ready has much to overcome.”



“That is why I have not spoken, moth-

er, Jack replied. “Then to cast sus-

picion, without any proof of guilt, seems

the act of a. coward. But it has been

hard to keep silent when I feel that I

am being looked upon with distrust, when

probably he is the real criminal."



“I doubt if anyone has ever suspected

you, my son. Your past record places

you above distrust. This distressing state

of affairs is getting on your nerves, and

you are imagining more than is in-

tended.”



“Well, I’ll keep George’s secret as long

las I can,” Jack promised, “but I'm not

so sure that even a past above reproach





is always sufficient to allay sus cum. I

heard one of the clerks say, t ay, in a





 





most significant tone, ‘Every man has

his price.’

The mystery was solved, at last. Mrs.





Marvin knew it the moment Jack entered

the room. ‘



“How was it, son?" she asked.



“Oh, mother!” Jack exclaimed, "The

store next to ours has been vacant for

, some time. and a gang of thieves gained

an entrance there and have been making

their headquarters in the cellar. They

discovered a loose board between that

cellar and ours. and in that way could

get into Sorter & Johnson’s store any

night. The police succeeded in arresting

Several of the gang last night."



“Now I know you are glad that you

kept silent about George’s father,” said

Mrs. Marvin in a voice that thrilled with

pride and love for her son.



“Yes. mother. I‘ve had a lesson that

I‘ll not soon forget. George came to me

after we heard the news and thanked me

for not voicing the distrust he sometimes

thought he saw in my face. It was hurd-

er for him than. It was for me. He uni

derstood that I might at any time say

the words that would place him in a.

most embarrassing position.



“Then Mr. Johnson praised me for

keeping silent at a. very trying time. He





 





 





said that he liked a boy who could keep

a‘»,quiet- tongue in his head, and‘that I

might expect a promotion when the firm

has something better to oifer.”



“It seems that he knew all about

George’s family. They are distantly ce-





coutse no open accuseflon Was moneybue'





faith-'





ylated. and he recognised the true worth

of the boy, and is going to see that. he

has a. fair chance. to make good onghis

own merits” ‘



"This has been at trying experience for

you, Jack," said Mrs. Marvin." but I em

so glad that when the testing time came

you proved true metal. Let us always

remember it as your great victory."





 





NS MAJESTY, KING LEO.





 





BY S. VIRGINIA LEVIS.





His magnificent outlines and lordly

pose, even aside from his prodigious

strength, might well characterize the

lion us the “King of Beasts.” He is the

most important and one of the largest of

the flesh-eating animals. Vl'hen full grown

it is not unusual for an African lion to

measure ten feet from the nose to the

tip of the tail. His roar is terrible to

hear. and is compared to the sound which

is heard at the moment of an earthquake.

W'hen in the jungle he lays his head on

the earth. and thus the thunder of his

voice is conveyed along the ground, to

the awe of every living creature within

its range.



It is only the male lion which possesses

a. mane, that appendage which so en-

hances his kingly appearance. The lion-

ess is quite destitute of any such adorn-

ment, and notwithstanding the fact that

she is therefore less formidable looking.

she is a terrible beast to encounter, par-

ticularly when she has cubs to protect.

Even should her mate be attacked, it is

said she will defend him with energetic

fury.



. Three baby lions seen at an animal

Show some time ago were interesting lit-

tle creatures, with their fluffy heads and

innocent, fun-loving faces. The keeper

told us he had several times kept young

whelps in his own room ‘as pets, and

found them quite playful, but that after

they were about two months old he con-

sidered their company too much of a

risk.



Years ago when Sir George Davis was

English consul at Naples, a story is re~

latcd of his visit to a menagerie in one

of the dens of which wins a lion, so unus-

ually fierce and sullen that the efforts

of three years had failed to; tame him.

When Sir George approached the cage.

however, what was the aStnuishment of

the keeper at seeing the great beast

iear himself up to lick the hand that was

put through the bars, at the same time

purring like a cat that is pleased. The

fears of the keeper were greatly increas-

ed when Sir George insisted upon enter-

ing the cage, but the lion showed marked

delight, throwing his paws upon his vis-

itor's shoulders, licking his face and run-

ning about him much as an affectionate

house cat might do.



In explanation of this extraordinary

conduct, Sir George said that a sea cap-





 





JULY 12, 1913.





collection, too, a keeper assured us—in

the same cage with a. gentle little sheep.

This strange pair had become firm friends

and woe unto the person who even in fun

attempted to strike the lion’s woolly

chum. ‘



These animals frequently demonstrate

their intelligence in their-exhibitions of

clever tricks, and one especially tame

performing lion allowed himself to be

carried out of the arena lying across the

shoulders of the woman who had trained

him while she held him by his .feet.



The following is a. well authenticated

story of the device of a lion to save her

young: it seems that some of a ship's

crew had been sent asnore on the coast

of India, when one of the number, who

was lured by curiosity to stray from his

companions, saw a lioness walking to-

ward him. He was in great terror, until

the huge brute lay meekly down at' his

feet. Next she peered earnestly into his

face, then looked over at a certain tree

towards which she afterwards walked,

yet looking behind her as if asking the

sailor in thankfulness, and carried away

the tree was a large baboon holding tw0

cubs in its arms which the lioness watch-

ed intently.



The sailor had been sent ashore to cut

wood, and so, provided with his axe, he

cut the tree down. Immediately the lion'-

ess tore the big monkey to pieces, licked

the fur of her babies, rubbed against the

sailm in thank-fulness. and carried away

her whelps one by one.



If you look at the common house eat

you will notice enough points of resem-

blance to prove that it and the lion be-

long~to the same tribe. There is the

same line muScular development, only on

a lesser scale, bemues the agility and

grace of movement which distinguish, in

varying degrees. the whole cat (feline)

family.



Many who have studied the king of the

jungle assure us that he is grateful in

disposition, noble in his anger, and dis-

plays admirable courage when occasion

demands it.





 





WHEN THE CEILING FELL.

(Continued from page 30).





ing, and fatigue was forgotten. The sol-

diers 'quzirtezed in the hall on the third

floor of the post—office building made life

interesting by singing and tramping

about, also by their frequent and unnec-

essary calling for mail, but everything

was forgiven and swallowed up in the

great fact that war had been declared

and the soldiers were on their way to the

front.



“Every man, woman and child in this

town, but just you and me, are dOWn at

the station see-lug the soldiers off,” sob-

bed the mailing clerk the morning the

troops were sent on their way. The in-

Spiring notes of the bugle floated up to





lllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllfllllllllllllllllllll”HI|HllHllNIHHHHIHHHIIIHHIill”IllllllllHIHHHlIH]Hillllll||IIHHHHHNHIllllllllllllllllIWWW“|llllllllHUUH|HlUllH|IHill“HIE!!!“Illllllllllllllllllllllllullllllll

Berries That Are Good—By H. C. Kegley.





How luSCious were the berries where fancy bade me stray





In my barefootcd boyhood,

How little

Are gathered





upon





green for market.





a summer’s day;





like the present, when the berries that we eat

and areicarccly





ever sweet.





TWhen I was just a little boy to country School I'd go,

And each day I would pause awhile, along the willow row,

To gather in my dinner pail, and into my face wedge.





Delicious wild raspberries that I





found along the hedge.





The sweetness of the thought of them inspires my pen to rhyme,

And memory turns back quickly to that gladsome summer time

When I went out and gathered, in my old sweat-stained straw hat.

A quart or two of sun-kissed wild raspberries that.





W’ith thick cream poured upon





them,





finished off the sort of meal





“'hlch, when it had been eaten, always seemed to make me feel

Like going out alone and putting up the crop of hay,

0r shocking a big field of grain before the close of day.





Oh, those were joyous summers, and today I’m wishing that

I could go down along the hedge and fill my Old straw hat

“'ith wild berries such as mother birds feed to their young—~





The kind of berries which,- when





ripe, will melt upon the tongue.





1 never purchase berries in the market place today

But that some fancied spirit, standing nea: me. seems to say:





“Go back along the barefoot trails to brmble,





hedge or wood,





And gather for yourself the kind of berries that are good!"





lull””H”Hill"lllllllllllllllllll”Hilllllllllll|lllllllllfHIlllllillijIIHHIIIHIlllllllllllllmllllNlllllllfllllllllllllHilllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllflllllflllllllllllllllllflll”llHIill!““Hill“llllllllllllllllllflllfllmllllfl





lain had presented him with this Very

lion when it was only a whelp; that it

grew up very tame, being allowed to run

about loose until it became too large for

a house pet. \Vhen friends came, the

lion was allowed to frolic with them; but

on one occasion he gripped a man a lit-

tle too hard. and Sir George ordered him

to be shot. Another visitor begged for

the animal’s life, and was pleased to re-

ceiVe him as a present. Later on the

lion became the property of the menag-

erie, where be displayed such remark-

able .memory and affection for his old-





» time friend. '





Only a few years ago many persons

witnessed the very unusual sight of a

lion—one of the worst tempered in the





the two lonely girls in the deserted, dirty

office, but all was strangely quiet except

for the muSic. “It’s a. mean trick, that’s

all! The P. M. might have closed the

office without an order from the Depart-

ment,” said the general delivery clerk

who was also weeping. “They’ve all

sneaked away and left us. It isn’t fair!"



“Let's lock up and go!" proposed the

mailing clerk recklessly. “th0 cares?"



“that would we lock with? They have

the keys. No, we’ll just have to endure

it. I don’t suppose there's another hu-

man being up town at this--"



“Iss mine circulars all gone out?” in-

quired Mr. Schmidt 'at the window in

tones of real anxiety. “I meet Mr. V!!-

s0n on his mic the train and be any
tr.





JULY‘ 12',» 1913.





he ain't got the one I sent him.~ How is





dos?” .

, “No, they have not been sent out,"

,7! said the mailing clerk .shortly. “We’ve





been too busy with the mail for the

soldiers."

“Himmel! Look at dot ceiling!” gasp-

! ed the man at the window.

From force of habit the clerks looked

out and not in, expecting to see a post-

ofiice inspector at hand. but a peculiar





_ / , '.’ . ,

noiSe caused them to look back at the C K CO i

ceiling. It was a. fortunate thing that S E,ARS R O E ,B U AND .

they did go to the windows to look out, . CHI CAGO ILL .

9





for suddenly with a. crash and a. volume ‘

of water the ceiling was in ruins on the THIS SALE CLOSES AUGUST 51, 1913

floor. The excitable Mr. Schmidt rushed

to the street screaming for the police,





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





the fire department and the World in gen-

eral, but only the echo of his howls and 1 ff



.3 the faint-notes of the bugle from the dis- rSlX Pairs Men’s The Year’s



7 7“ :1)?hsitsathigcfozsswiifgullalg. Inflzl:v::ci: Socks, 79c. Greatest of all Midsummer Sales. Greatest Bargalns

., ‘ ' ,



. - , . . omens

g ment, and jumped up and down and Guaranteed to For Sixty days ending August 31“, mg]



f l’ shrieked till out of breath. Wear 6 Months . , . resses

Presently the post-office force and the we eclipse all preVIous efforts In Fall Coats for

' , citizens strolled back to their tasks, feel- - . - - -



I in} ing very patriotic, and they found two Gent-“ac Amos bargain price-making. Women



cross, bedraggled, disgusted girls carry— ke?g Chambray . ll VV 1M. Cl



. ing the mail to safe places and scrub- Shirts for Men, ’ A 00 lxe



' on t sen or is co -



§ bing the water down into the basement 33c Suits for Men



3 where they could find a bit of the floor . 3""— -.

visible. A hasty investigation revealed w , L n If you are already a customer 0f OStl‘lCh Plumes

the fact that the soldiers had turned on omen S 0 g





 





Silk Gloves, 53c Sears, Roebuck and Co. We have Shoes forwomen,





the water the- last thing before leaving





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





i 21‘1"] “tilioab(’ve;~:;‘dthh:dk'OCRGE‘Flthe (12°: 1 $5 00 mailed a copy to each and every one M61133} 0Y5



e; c wn a " ‘ ey. ie wa c . . .



i’ finally burst through, carrying the 01d SfifilgyaWOIOl Of the five million customers Who have Baby Flannels

plastering with it. Bits of plaster still , - .



l hung from the timbers and the long dirty Fllled Blankets, sent us an order Since January I, 1912- All Linen TOWClS

strips of paper dripped dismally with $3.87 Table Damask

water. Speeding away to the south the But if you haven’t bought 0‘ us since

soldiers were no doubt chuckling over TWO Dozen Cup .

their prank, and the people who had done S h a p e P u 1' 6 Then, and If you really want to share Special Offer on

‘ h f th ' f ‘ ' ‘- t k' g . . o -

ifie’ZLgiseqfiincei” com M “em a m White Pearl in the greatest of this year’s bargain the World’sBest )



“Well, girls, you’ll have to invent a Buttons for 6c sale” then just write “July-August Sewmg Machine



, new phrase to warn each other when the . ”



5 inspector comes’n remarked the post— Two Dozen Bargain Supplement ona postal card, L k for Our

master when the excitement was'all over . . . 00

and the floor cleaned. “It seems too bad % P‘nt Heavy Sign your “me and address and mall t0 I u l y-Aug u S t R

but we’ll have a new ceiling, and without crYStal Jelly Stove Proposition

an order from the Department. I hopc Tumblers, 350

that will be some consolation."



. A general laughwent up, and from that one Dozen Silk “Ben-Hut," the

jgl’hf‘fij‘ thogtfgggg my memwn- Hair Nets Greatest. Novel



e p u' for 19c Ever Written by





an American.





45-Lb. Felted Never Before

Miss Elderby——“Do you really think Cotton Mattress, Sold Under





l women propose?" ' - V LfislflSO NOW 48C

’ Oldbacli—“If they don’t there are many . L 35498 J , ’

marriages I cannot account for.”





Country Lady—I've been expecting a ’f': ‘ —-—— __ "fl.—:.——;_._:- ______

packet of medicine by mail for a. week - '--_. w:—





and haven’t received it yet.

P0st Office Clerk—Yes, madam. Kindly

fill in this form and state the nature of l t” P yth P tag

BEE e e a e 95 e .

On My Buggy Bargain Book

My 1913 Offers Save You $25 to $40 ,





your complaint.

Lady—~\\'ell, if you really must know,

it's indigestion.

Don't buy a buggy, surrey, phaeton. carriage. runabout.

, spring wagon. or set of harness till you see what sensational

money-saving offers Phelps is making in his new 1913 Spit

Hickory Book. Over 140 styles—tun and complete line of \

harness—all direct from factory—all highest quality ever V

turned out~—-all riced to save you $25.00 to $40.00 on your .

buggy. Don’t orget—you get 30 Days’ Free Road Trial ‘\





t k ‘t t h‘ k t t 'f 1 Id andZYears’ Guarantee. "”3” Ill

00 i on ’n is poc e 0 see 1 le . '- , - ..



time to go hum and get it, was a leetle Send In Your Name Now . . .



absenpminufll, . Get Phelps‘ book first—post yourself on the latest buggy and harness ’



. l facts—get the news about styles and prices-then compare with others



Th ro i t . f th (1 l I tore ‘ and decide. Be sure to write' now. Just a postal will do. Address



; e p pr 8}" 0 e 59,00“ ' “m‘ S lll.c.Phelps,Pres..Tho Ohio Carriage Mfg. a... Station 32.columbus, Ohio



was not so tidy as he might have been. . .





 





SMILE PROVOKERS.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





p . A51 LINE To MACK WAC

X ~ til/,ELANDeurEALo.

‘ -‘ *W‘Ims’lifirmuis.

TOLEDO. PT.HUR





 

 

 

 





 

 





 

 





 





   





A celebrated lawyer once tried to get

a Boston witness to give his idea of ab-

sent—mindedness. “\’\'e11,” said the wit-

ness, who was a typical New England

Yankee, “I should say that a man who

thought he’d left his watch to hum, and .





 





 





 

 





 

 

 





   

 

 





 

 

 

 

   





W " il.





   





CHARMS OF

SUMMER SEAS





 





   

 

 





 





 





Spend your vacation on the

Great Lakes, the most economical

and enjoyable outing in America.



Daily service is operated between

Detroit and Cleveland, Detroit and

Buffalo; four trips weekly between Toledo,

Detroit, Mackinac Island and way ports;





 

 





 





   

 





 

   





One day while standing in front of the





 





   





 

   

   

   





 





 

 

 





 

 

     

 





store, an Irishman approached and ask- ‘ daily service between Toledo, Cleveland

ell: “Hov yez allny clean shirts in yer E u N and Put—iil-lZay.M Id

9,, L I ACleve an to ac use special steamer

Store. H . will be operated two trips weekly from

Sure I have, answered the clothing 1 June 15th to. September 10th. stopping

man, anxious for a sale. “Lots of them. 5 l L“ Fl Ll ER50\ .' -,. .. ,, : __ ....., 0, ~ ’ I only at Detron every trip and Goderich.

. so clean as r nvthin H . -. . ~ H V . ._. , _. - - -~.«: .5 ‘ Ont, every Monday up bound, Saturday

; .. 7 ,, a. . g. . _ . w 7. l ._ . . ~ A 6%,:ng down mung—Spools] Day 'n-lps Between

.. Vt ell, said . the Ii lshman, movmg Handsome,illuotratcd booklet giving 30 , _- W :2/ » . Detroit an Cleveland, During July and





   





August-Railroad 'l'lckels Available

on Steamers. Send 2 cont stamp

for Illustrated Pamphlet and Great

Lakes Map. Address:



L. G. Lewis. G. P. 11., Detroit. Mich.

Philip ll. McMillan. Pres.





 

       





away, “go in and put wan of them on.”





 





convincing reason: for buying the

powerful. low down, underslung. cut-

under oak frame. Appleton Silo Filler.

mailed free. Write for it to-day.





     

 





   





 





   

   

 





Down in a southeast Kansas lOWll lives

a rather simple-minded youth by the





 

   





 

       





 





 

 





"V





 

 





   





name of Bill Beasley. whose facility in ' ‘ my. . A.A.Schantz,ViceP1-es_&

contracting small debts at the local stores APPLETON MFG. C0,, 420 “60812.3 Genl “01'-





     

 





netroli & Cleveland $9“





is only equalled by his success in evad-

Navlgallon Co.





ing their payment. One day recently,





 





     

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





32 ‘ . hogtierg alinmadsogee ngilstakfe lof shovs— __ h I ‘ l V l . I L AVIN 5%,: l 't [I

In _,n y A, r e o lls cre — .5 ‘ o o ' ' - ' .. b



lizrishanfdnafter the hard-fought argument 8‘ BONDS YlELDlNG 4A'54 pAYABLE SEMI'YEARLY B IO DAYS FREE TRIM.



(we: to ochWgéretlfeeepglfney was handed] . BACKED BY CERTIFICATES FROM UNITED STATES'TREASURY '0 mm, “WNW, WWW



“Now,” said Bill, sadly, “we’re square ! , H: CERTIFYlNG THEY PROTECT POSTAL SAV'NGS BANK FUNDS , dftlxsiftAflglgg'tl‘ grygiaa‘g'notlzgglzg



and I want a receipt. Make it legal so 3 N AVAIL YOURSELF OF» THIS PROTECTION “I" afiflouiné:i"e§cfi?rbngcleorapair



YO“ W0“ be after me again” . "D SEND FOR OUR BOOKLET'BONDS OF "‘OUR‘COUNTRY" .~ ~ oneatan manual°{u'$iiv'éifiil‘£‘£i



And here is the receipt which Billl. .« BONDS"SENT TO ANY BANK OR EXPRE D m ”510 “mam, everyundo,



proudly exhibited to his friends: .2 SS . fimnfim W'smmrd



"To Whom ,, May Comm, Greetmg, .5 COM PANY, SUBJECT To EXAMINATION , DIE “Enemflsdmm



All k b th , h b . w “"33“” °'°'"



, corpiilserdndniilivx semifie thraisegltll Beislt: - THE NEW FIRST NATIONAL BANK COLUMBUS'OHIO' ‘gfi "$25)," yguyflfifi ,fiffif'fiflsg



I don’t owe this firm nothing and ain’t] ‘ ' “mmfi‘iégaefnfifigmm





I' ‘ going to," 1 When writing to advertisers please mention the Michigan Farmer. amnion”. harmonics!»
' /





 

 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Pushing on the Lines.





W





libman ; £1113 Her Need





 





 





 





 





 





 





At Home and Eldew ere

3?? ix





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





MONG the sundry ambitions which



possessed me when I was a small



girl was one to learn to drive a

horse. If I could but hold the lines and

myself control the animal which drew

the carriage I felt that life could offer

me no richer joy.



Great was the day when big brother

consented to teach me the art o-f“hand-

ling the ribbonS,” as he put it. And

great, indeed, must have been the sight

to the onlooker. Perched on the very

edge of the seat, arms akimbo, feet brac

ed firmly on the bottom of the buggy,

lips firmly clinched and a pained, anx-

ious look on my small mug, I grasped a

line firmly in each hand and the convey-

ance started grandly down the lane. IVe

got safely into the road, not because of

any skill in guidance on my part, but

because the horse knew the way so well

he got through the gate without upset—

ting us, in spite of me. There, still grip-

ping the reins tightly in either hand I

set up such a clucking and “giddaping”

that my fiery steed finally stopped dead

still in the road and turned around to see

What on earth was holding the lines that

morning.



Brother explained that it was not nec-

essary to “push on the lines” every min-

ute. He said if I would just sit back

quiet and easy, let the lines slack up a

bit and not be so anxious about it I would

be more of a success as a driver. But

I could not bring myself to take it so

easy. Driving a horse was a very ardu-

ous and important bit of business and I

could not let mySelf relax and slight it

even in manner. My driving lesson was

not a great success nor were any sub-

sequent ones. I insisted on “pushing on

the lines,” as brother always put it.





When I grew up and went out in the

world to work I kept up that habit. I

became a schoolma’am, but always while

I was hearing the reading lesson I was

thinking about the lanaguage lesson just

ahead, and when I got to that I began to

stew about the arithmetic that was com~

lng next, and while I should have been

giving my whole soul to numerators and

denominators I was running over the

history lesson that came later in the day.



In the home, I came to later, I still

“pushed on the lines.” I hustled the

breakfast onto the table with the grip-

ping fear that I never would have- dinner

ready in time. \Vhile I was sweeping I

mentally dusted every article of furniture

and put it back in place. Always in my

mind I was just two laps ahead of the

job in hand, inwardly in a hurry and a

commotion over the things that still had

to be done.



As a result I have always been tired.

To be sure, I have always been working,

but many women have done more work

and always been as fresh as a daisy.

Lately I have come to the conclusion that

it is not the work I actually do that tires

me. It is doing it over a dozen times in

my mind before I get to it that wears on

my nerves and keeps me constantly en-

ervatcd.



I have always had the meals on time,

always had the children ready for school

on time, always got through with the

baking and mending and dusting and

canning and Writing. Yet I've lived in

constant fear that I wouldn’t. It seemed

a silly way to live, when I thought it all

over soberly one night after a particu-

larly trying day, a day when I had died

a thousand deaths for fear I wouldn’t get

a blousewaiSt finished before night for

the small boy, who didn’t need it for

three days-



A picture came to me of myself as I

must have looked to the family that day.

Then a memory Of a Small girl with a

tenSe, strained face tightly gripping the

lines and clucking to a 30-year-old horse,

and I decided that I had been pushing

on the lines all my life. I have not en-





 





tirely reformed but I am what the tuber-



culosis experts call an “arrested case.”



Although I sometimes begin to sweep the



kitchen while I am still washing the tins,



I never get so far as starting the dinner



any longer. I am not so tired, and I de-

voutly hope, not so snappy.



May my hundreds of similarly afflicted

sisters let up on the lines.



DEBORAH.

.__.___.____._

WITH BRAID AND THREAD.





 





 





BY MAE Y. MAHAFFY.



Plain feather braid and No. 40 spool

cotton combined after the manner illus-

trated makes a highly practical edging

and insertion for underwear, bed linen

and children’s clothing; one that launders

well and is very durable.



The insertion consists of 3 double cro-

chet (dc) stitches (st) in each point .of





completed to correspond with the first

half. For the wide bands the work would

be continued this way as long as nec-

essary.





A DAINTY DRESSING JACKET FROM

AN OLD SHIRT WAIST.





 





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.





It was a bride of a year. proud of her

ability to use her nimble fingers in house-

wifely arts who showed me some pretty

dressing jackets which she had evolved

from an equal number of half—worn shirt

waists.



“You see,” she said in explanation, as

she held out the dainty garments for my

inspection, “a shirt waist usually wears

out around the neck first of all. Then

the sleeves go out of style and we lay the

old waists away, [feeling that they are

too good to destroy yet not knowing what

further use to make of them. I had sev-

eral of these which opened in front which

I had had for years, and Igwent to Work

to model them into something more use-

ful than- they were in their present State.





 





the braid, along first one side and then

the other. The edging has the dc St

along one side only. The work is then

turned. 3 st are chained (ch) to form the

turn, then ch 2, dc 1 into central do of

previous row; ch 2, do 1 into center of

next group, etc, across the entire dis-

tance. Turn the work again, and single

crochet (sc) 4 times in each square.



The pattern is so easy to conmprhend

that it makes a splendid one to give am—

ateurs for their first attempts at lace

making.



Another simply made design is shown

in the filet crochet. This is worked





“First I ripped out the sleeves, which

had too much fulness, and reduced them

to a size to fit the arm holes. Before d0-

ing this 1 cut the lower parts off at elbow





:length. I cut away the worn part at the

neck either in square or round effect, and

removed all cloth below the waist line.

From the latter I had sufficient to make

a fitted peplum by using the lower part

of the‘ sleeves to piece out with in the

back. I faced the neck opening, leaving

the front pleat just as it was. I found

by piecing I could get out a narrow strip

for a belt to which both the body of the

waist and the peplum were joined. The





 

 





lengthwise of the strip if a narrow pat-

tern is wanted, making a little over an

inch with No. 40 thread. Or, for a 4—in.

band it may be made just that length to

begin with, and the work continued in-

definitely.



To make it ch a strip as long as is

needed. Ch 3 extra st for turn, and dc

into 5th st from last ch. Ch 2, dc into

3rd st beyond, and proceed thus across

space, producing an open square effect.



For the next row ch 3 for turn. Then

every other square is left open and 2 ex—

tra dc st placed alternately; In the next





row after ch 3 for turn the open blocks

are made alternately with the solid ones

again, and these are also made to alter-

nate with those of the previous row, that

is, the solid work is placed against an

open block, and vice versa. The central





row, is of open squares throughout, and

the remaining half of the insertion is





latter I USually face at the lower edge

unless there is sufficient depth for a hem.

The sleeves I finish with a hem or with a

hit of edging. \\'hcn the remodeling is

complete I have a useful garment made

at no expense, and moreover, it is a sat—

isfaction to be able to utilize waste ma-

terial.”



“in case the waist opens in the back

as nearly all do now, how do you man-

age?” I inquired. '



“I remove the buttons and the strip of

cloth where the buttonholes are,” was the

reply, “and join the edges in a flat seam.





This may be covered with a strip of in-

sertion, although it is not so conspicuous





if left in an ordinary seam. Then I cut

dOWn the front after removing the collar,

either in the center or at one side, ac-

cording to the way it will look best, face

the opening neatly and proceed the same

as before. The fronts of a shirt waist





 





or blouse are long enough below the waist

line to make the peplum part nicely ex-

cept for the piecing in the back, where

it doesn’t show.



“I’ve made over one embroidered mus-

lin blouse. On this I used a plain muslin

peplum and belt. The sleeves were al-

ready short so I left them as they were,

closing the back and opening at the left

side of the front as suggested. I made

over one for my sister and cut right

down through the front, facing both sides

with fine muslin. On one side I put tiny

buttons and made holes to correspond on

the other. A narrow frill of five-cent

lace around the neck and down the front

made a neat finish. For a change the

belt and facings could be made of pink

or blue chambray.” _



As I admired her handiwork I could not

help thinking that a wife- who possessed

such habitscf thrift and had the ability

to carry them out must be a great help

to her husband. “She looketh -well to the

ways of her household and eateth not the

bread of idleness”





DAINTY —BELL PE PER RECIPES.





 





BY M'ES. JEFF. DAVIS.





Bell Pepper Relish.



After all the seeds have been carefully

removed, run through the meat-grinder,

or chop fine, 12 green peppers, 12 red

peppers, and 12 large. white onions. Add

to mixture two tablespooni‘uls of salt,

cover with boiling water, and let stand

until cold. Drain through a colander,

cover with cold water, and let come to

a boil. Take from stove, drain again,

and add one and one-half quarts of good

Vlnegar. Return to stove, and let come

to boiling point once more. Then set

aside until cold before canning and seal-

ing. This is one of the best relishes

made.



Bell Pepper Mangoes.



Take large, green peppers, make a. slit

in the sides, take out all seeds, and soak

in lime water that will float an egg for

two days. Then change into clear water

for one day, changing twice. Stuff with

Higdon made of cabbage, tomatoes, on-

:ions, and mustard seed. Tie up, out

place, put into jars, and cover with cold,

Spiced vinegar. No cooking is necessary.



To spice the vinegar for'these, put in

cloves, ginger. :1 pinch of mace, and all-

spice. Do not pound any of the spices.

Add stick cinnamon, and some horse-

radish.



To make the Higdon stuffing: This

should be cut up early in the morning.

Use as above stated, cabbage, tomatoes,

onions, and some mustard seed, all of

which can be run through the meat-

grinder. Put salt over it to draw out

the moisture. Let stand at least six

hours, put in a bag, and squeeze as dry

as possible. These pickles keep well.



Bell Pepper Ketchup.——No. 1.



To every dozen of peppers add two on-

ions, three tumblers of vinegar, one tea-

spoon of salt, four tablespoons of sugar.

Cut up the peppers, seed and all, with

the onions. Now add this to other in-

gredients, and boil until soft. Mash

through a. colander, so as to let every-

thing paSS except the skins. If that

mashes ‘through add it also. Bottle, and

seal.



Bell Pepper Ketchup.—-No_ 2.



Fifty green or ripe sweet peppers, two

quarts of vinegar, one quart of water, six

onions, two tablespoonfuls of salt, one

pound of spice, and one pound of cloves.

Put the peppers and onions into a kettle

with the water and vinegar, and let boil

until soft. Then rub through a colander,

and add the spices, and boil a short time.

Bottle, and seal while hot.



Stuffed Bell Peppers.—No. 1.



RemOVe the stem end and seeds from

green, sweet peppers, and boil them in

salted water for ten minutes. When cool

stuff them with dressing such as is used

for fowls, cover with buttered cracker

crumbs, and bake.



Stuffed Bell Peppers.—-No. 2.



Remove the seed from the peppers. To

one can of shrimp, or one pint of fresh





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JULY 12, 1913.

shrimp, add the juice of one lemon, one-

fourth grated onion, and a. dash of red

pepper. Mix with ‘mayOnnaise' dressing.

Stuff peppers, and bake“ a. few minutes.

Serve quite hot. ‘ " ‘



Stuffed Be' IlPeppers.—No. 3.



For a dozen green peppers from which

the seeds have been removed, take a.

pint of cooked rice, 3. can of tomatoes,

and a cup of grated ham. Stuff the pep—

pers with this, and set in oven until

brown on top.



Bell Pepper Salad.



For this select tender, green peppers,

wash and dry, out off the stem, and re-

move the seeds and white fiber. Then

shave into fine strips, and add equal por-

tions of chopped olives and celery. Cover

with a rich mayonnaise, and serve in

tomato cups, or on curled parsley. This

salad is very attractive if made with

either the yellow or red peppers, and

served on crisp lettuce leaves.



Frled Bell Peppers.



Make a batter of two well beaten eggs,

two tablespoonfuls of soft butter, ascant

cup of milk, and one cupful of flour.

Select small peppers, cut into sides to

remove the seeds, and fill them with any

desired filling. Dip in the batter, coating





them well and fry in butter, or olive oil.





 





SEWING HINTS.





 





BY was. WALTER JACKSON.



Have an extra. spool spindle put on the

arm of the sewing machine so that a.

second spool of thread may be ready for

use for winding bobbins while sewing

straight seams. .



I thread the top of the machine With

the thread from both spools, but do not

put the second thread through the ten-'

sion. Carry this second thread back to

the bobbin winder, place the bobbin and

the winder in position, putting thread

thrOugh guides—just as for winding in

the usual way—and begin to sew.



As the bobbins mi“ quickly it will be

necessary to watch closely, to prevent

over-filling, until one becomes accustom—

ed to winding in this way. A little ex—

perience will enable anyone to gauge the

length of a seam to take while the bob-

bin is filling.



If it is not convenient or practicable to

have the extra spindle put on the ma-

chine, an ordinary pasteboard box, deep

enough to permit the spool to revolve

easily, may be used instead. For ayspin-

dle use a small hat pin or part of a knit-

ting needle. To keep the box where it

will not interfere with the work in hand,

use a small paper weight-or any other

small object heavy enough to prevent

moving of the box. '



I have used both methods and have

found that much time could be saved.

And you always have iilled bobbins ready

for use when needed.



If one finds it difiicult at times to

thread the machine needle, 3. small piece

of either white paper or cloth placed un-

der the needle while threading will ena-

ble the operator to see the needle’s eye

more readily.



The hand-sewer will find it a great

help to keep a small piece of White pa-

per or cloth at hand when sewing, and,

inStead of holding the eye of the needle

toward the light, hold the eye of the

needle toward the paper, or cloth. I have

found this great saving in eye-strain

—-try it.





THE FARM WOMEN’S CONGRESS.





 





Write to the International Congress of

Farm W'omen, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for the

preliminary premium list of the Interna-

tional Exposition to be held in that city

October 22 to November 1, 1913. The

premiums already announced are valu-

able and well worth competing for. They

range from a tubular cream Separator,

garden drill and hoe designed especially

for women, and other helps for farm

women, through a wide list of kitchen

necessities, including a kitchen cabinet,

sets of aluminum and earthen cooking

dishes, hollow handled silver knives and

forks for the dining-room, sets of prac-

tical and helpful farm and household

books for the home or farm women's

club library, silk hosiery for the farm

woman who likes dainty apparel, and

even include beautiful rose bushes for

the farm flower garden. This is but a

sample 'of the good things ”in store, which

will be announced from time to time.





 





Elsie—"After I wash my face I look

in the mirror to see it it's clean. Don’t

you?” . ,



Bobby—"Don't have to.

towel."





I look at the





THEMMI’CHIGAN FARMER





MUTTON AND ITS VALUE AS FOOD.





 





Farmers’ Bulletin 526, "Mutton and its

Value in the Diet,”. which has just been

iSSued by the Department of Agriculture,

tells of good ways of preparing old dishes

and of new ways to utilize, and new

dishes which can be made from mutton,

and is the latest of the bulletins which

have been given the popular name, “Un-

cle Sam's Cook Books.”



In composition and nutritive value

mutton is practically the same as beef,

and the average loss in weight in pre-

paring the two kinds of meat for the ta-

ble is also practically the same. As re-

gards digestibility, there is no practical

difference in beef and mutton, both be-

ing very thoroughly assimilated. The

characteristic flavor of mutton is com-

monly said to have its origin in the fat.

Judged by its composition, palatability,

wholesomeness, digestibility, relative cost,

and the number of ways in which it can

be prepared for the home' table, mutton

is an important foodstuff, which is well

worth the- attention of the housekeeper

who wishes to provide her family with

an attractive and palatable diet at a

reasonable cost.





 





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





To each quart of sound fruit take two

and one-half cups sugar, dissolve it in a

little water and boil until it is clear.

Then add a little lemon juice, exact quan-

tity not essential to success. Put the

berries into the syrup and bring to a

boil. Continue the cooking for five min-

utes, then set away closely covered, over

night. Next morning put into sterilized

cans while cold and seal as usual, being

sure that the air is perfectly excluded.

As an extra precaution melted paraffin

may be applied to the upper part of the

cans. This is a superior method of can-

ning red raspberries—E. E. R.



During recent years, we have noted a

steady increase in the price of hay, in

fact all forage is higher, and it is nec-

essary for the stock keeper to produce a





 





forage at less money than hay, if he

wishes to realize a good profit on his

stock. In this capacity the silo comes as:





a great boon.





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON. i





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92;

pages illustrating over 700 of the season’s

latest styles, and devoting several pages:

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of 10 ccntS.





 





 





 





 





 





 





No.'7752-—Girl‘s dress, 6 to 12 years.

with three-quarter or short sleeves.

No. 7763—Girl's Norfolk dress, 6 to 10





years. \Vith four—piece skirt, high or low

shield. long, three—quarter or short

sleeves.





No. 7769#Girl’s Russian costume, 10 to

14 years. \‘i‘ith four-piece skirt, with or

without tunic, with overlapped sdges of

skirt and tunic having curved or straight

corners, long or short sleeves,



No. 7762~Child’s dress, 4 to 8 years.

Vl'ith round yoke extended to form a

panel, straight skirt, round or high neck,

short or three-quarter sleeves.



No. 7668—Child’s rompers, 2 to 6years.

With long or short sleeves, leg portions

that can be drawn up at the knees or

left loose.



The. above patterns will be mailed to

any aIdress by the Fashion Department

of the Michigan Farmer on receipt of 10

cents for each.





 





f Fruits and Vegetables

\ From July to June





Preserve all the fresh fruits and

vegetables you like—now, while

they are plentiful and cheap. Seal

them with Parowax and they



are bound to keep. Parowax

will never fail you.





 





is used as indicated in

sealing jars, bottles and

glasses. It’s about the easiest,

simplest work one can imagine.





But so sealed, vegetables and fruits

will keep {res/z indefinitely.

The Parowax way is very inex-





 

 

   





 





 

 





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—Thanks to Parowax





 

 

   





 





 





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Think what you will save when

winter comes! Think how much





better ”table” you can set—how

your family will devour your

own home-canned vegeta-

bles, preserves and jellies.





 

   

   

 

 





 





pensive. Two ofthe four

handy layers contained in

the 16-02. carton will seal sev-

eral gallons of fruit. And what’s

left over will be found invaluable in

the laundry. Parowax shavings in

the wash boiler clean and whiten

‘ clothes, without the rub-

bing. AlittleParowaxin

the starch imparts a beau~

tiful finish in the ironing.





Mrs. Rorer’s Recipes





May we send you a.





   

   





 





 





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‘ . book of free preserve

(7:; "5:7 and jelly recipes by this

" famous culinary expert?

STANDARD OIL COMPANY

(AN INDIANA CORPORATION)

CHICAGO, ILL.





 





 





 





 





 

 





   





   





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the best are taken.

FREE fertile farms along or near the

Farms, Poultry Farms, Dairy Farms,

and horse raising. /





C I v‘

Come to Canada now and let us help you pick a choxce farm before

The Canadian Government is now distributing 135,000





Even if you have already located your farm you should travel to it

over the Canadian Northern Railway and have the added advantage of trav-

eling from. 1,550 to 2,500 miles through Canada’s richest farming country.





Just glance over these low rates—tickets are first—class, round—trip, .

good for twenty-live days, With stop—over privilege. Excursions cvcry first and

third Tuesday, V18. Duluth and Ft. Frances, or via St. Paul and Winnipeg.





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Canadian Northern Railway—Wheat

and farms adapted to cattle, hog, sheep





 





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‘0 ‘ To From ‘ ' ' " fl



5:..- Chicm Duluth Des Moinec K3333 Omaha 15335.3 (Jill? St. Louis 3&3; :12:



:. Dauphin,Manltoba 037.50 024.15 337.35 042.05 330.45 827.35 045.40 03315 1::



. ;- Regina,bask. . . . 35.00 30.00 37.50 43.50 37.50 30.00 44.00 3450



; . Saskatoon,Sask. , . 37.50 32.50 40.00 45.00 40.00 32.50 4050 3700

Prince Albert, Sasx . 37.50 32.50 40.00 40.00 40.00 32.50 40350 3700 '-



: No. Battleford. sung. 30.05 34.95 42.45 47.50 42.45 34.95 43 95 3945



, Edmonton, Alberta . 40.50 30.50 40w 47.50 40.50 39.50 50150 4050

Kindersley.S-.sk., . 41.30 00.30 43.50 47.50 43.00 30.30 50.30 40.30





 

 





 





   

   





 





 





Western Canada welcomed





 





It’s your turn now.





- acre farm free.





(Rates from and to other points proportionately low)





welcome you. American farmers are getting rich on Canadian farms.





Get these FREE BOOKS





"Hpmeseekers'HCuide"-—"The Breadbasket of the World"—”Peuce

Raver Country and_how to reach ir—fuli of facts and aulllf‘ntic information.

Write today and find out how you can get a fertile 160-





R. P. BELL, General Agent

86 West Adams Street. CHICAGO





 

 





140,000 Americans last year and will





   

 





Mail us a post-card or letter today,

stating your destination. Ask for





   





 





   

   

   

 





 





   





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





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Post Paid





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Guaggnteedmgd Years





mJnlk! new friend! use our «align. of Elgin





when so

0 tie ' [m Id ‘

CENTS. .. men-us- n‘mmo p z.nm5.4'.:‘il.;..li.,i....





‘ l.

. for 5 years. Bend thin adv. no no with ”mud watch will be an: by rem mail





'3. a cmllfflswii cofsszI will: 3.. 0203400





 





 





 





 





When Writing to Advertisers please

mention the Michigan Farmer.
36-.—l6 .





   

 





I'lfiIIIIIIIII





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Farm Commerce.





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THE MICHIGAN ‘FA-RMER





 





There Should be a Reason for Co—operating.





 





N our last talk we concluded that the

I attempt to establish a. co—operative

institution in a small way Would be

likely to result in more permanent suc-

cess than to start with some gigantic

scheme, largely because of the education—

al limitations of the members in regard

to co-operative business. In the analysis

of co-operative efforts that have failed

to serve the purpose for which they were

organized, it appears that there is an-

other factor that requires to be carefully

considered and we desire to make that

the theme of our present discussion.



The proposition is, that a co-operative



society should have-a reason for its ex-

istence.

chance for its paying out, Necessity is

the hand that drives co-operative asso-

ciations over the rocks, through the ruts

and onto the Well—turnpiked road of suc-

cess. A friend just up from the south

where he has been employed in making

a. study of agricultural conditions of the

southern states, remarked in relation to

the peculiarity of the prosperous com-

munities, that instead of these progres-

sive sections being provided with all nat-

ural advantages they lacked these quali-

ties in both number and degree. The

reason why he believed these disadvan-

tageous 10calities prospered and why oth-

ers better endowed by nature to succeed

were sad failures, was because- the exi-

gency required that the people of the

former places must plan, and work. So

with the institutions of which we are

Speaking, dire need of them will keep

the members loyal when all other bonds

fail. .

,Many co-operative societies are. like the

seeds that fell on stony ground, they

have not enough earth wherewith to

grow. VThere is too little margin of

profit to give nourishment for growth, or

even life. “'hy should a dairyman who

can easily deliver his milk at the door

of his customer wish to co~operate in

marketing his product? Why Should one

who has a special product and a superior

market want to join with others‘ and

have his high-grade article go out to the

consumer with inferior goods? There

may be occasions where it would be well

to bring together these unequal members

but generally the individual specialist

would not profit much by co-operation—

at least, that appears to be the history

of efforts where he has attempted to do

so under the circumstances we have

named. The matter of bettering the

marketing conditions of the members

should, therefore, be examined with much

caution before deciding to undeitake an

organization.



Now. regional environment may deter-

mine whether there is need for co-op-

eration. Frequently communities are

specially fitted for the production of some

particular line of agricultural products,

like the peach belt of our lake shore, the

celery lands of Kalamazoo county, etc.

Where there are many men producing a

special crop under conditions like these,

there organization has a. much better

chance to succeed than in a general

farming district. This is particularly

true where the market for the crop is a

distant onc. \Vhat appeared to be a

doomed industry was the southwestern

citrus business, and it would have met

its judgment day long ago but for the

co-operative organization ,that has built

up one of the most effective agricultural

agencies in the land. So it has been

with truck growers of the central Atlan-

tic states



We should not become confused over

what is stated in the last two paragraphs

concerning specilization. Where a‘ single

individual of a community specializes it

is usually not profitable for that person

to join with his neighbors who do a gen-

eral farming business. But where the

whole neighborhood is trying to produce

special agricultural products then the

most ideal conditions for co-operation ex-

ist-—all have the same cultural problems,

need the same class of supplies and are

seeking the same market for their pro-

ducts; hence, they can unite and there-

by economize in their buying and selling

and in seeking remedial meaSures for

cultural difficulties.





Another condition that is frequently.





discovered and certainly furnishes a’re‘a.

son for the producers to get together is





5





There must be a legitimate~





the organization of the private buyers

who operate 111 a given district. By form-

ing a, “gentleman’s agreement” to pay

prices reported from a central office day

by day, operators are able to do away

with free competition in bidding for

loads of grain or produce. Of course,

sucharrangements are unlawful but like

many other.matters that are legislated

“out of existence” they still exist and

must be dealt with.1n a practical way.

One of the effective ways of dealing with

such situations is for the growers to do

their own selling, and, of course, this is





most economically done through co-op-_





eration.



Our time may ”fittingly be called an

advertising era. Producers, whether they

be agriculturists or manufacturers, are

awake to the advantage of ,doing‘pub—

licity work. They desire to let the world

know what they have for sale and the

advantage the article will be to the buy-

er. Among certain classes of farmers

this work is becoming well-developed,

while among others it is growing rap-

idly. Live stock bleeders’ assodations

have shown progressiveness here. We

have heard much recently of advertising

the supeiior quality of Michigan potatoes,

and' in the past of the almost un-

equalled excellence of her apples and oth-

er fruits. Brands of farm products are

becoming nearly as common on our mar-

kets as are manufactured products and

probably will be quite as much so in the

future. The most effective and econom-

ical way of opening up a market and

developing a trade of this nature is

through co-operation. If, therefore, the

farmers of a community have- a product

that it is difficult to dispose of, the in-

dustry should not be tabooed until those

interested have satisfied themselves that

a trade cannot be built up by a cam-

paign of advertising.



Accordingly it would seem after a sur-

vey of this variety of situations, that

men should satisfy themselves that or-

ganization would bring the advantages

sought. If they cannot find a reason for

getting together then why should they

add to the derelicts in the stream of pro-

gress, another wreck? For without a

chance to succeed the venture is certain

to fail when oppOSition is met. A sane,

but critical preliminary analysis of con-

ditions that is free from prejudice or

passion, will go far toward raising the

percentage of successful co—operative in-

stitutions.





 





MARKETING CHICKS ON A LARGE

SCALE.





 





Seventy-five farmers in Crawford coun-

ty, Ohio, maintain flocks of pure-bred

poultry'to supply eggs to the ‘large 00-

operative hatchery located at the little

town of Tiro. At present this hatchery

is sending out 12,000 chicks a week to

various parts of Ohio and other states.

The hatchery plant is so constructed as

to permit the placing of two rows of in-

cubators which are 800 feet long with a

total capacity of 66,000 eggs. The heat-

ing is done by hot-water boilers which

automatically keep the temperature at

103 degrees. Before being put in the in-

cubators, the eggs are carefully tested for

fertility. Each Tuesday of the hatching

season, \which extends from the first of

March to early October, a bunch of

chicks is taken from the machines and

immediately shipped to customers.



DOES IT PAY TO PRODUCE CLEAN

MILK?



The New York Agricultural Experiment

Station has been making a study of the

production of milk for city supply and

has found that under present financial





 





,conditions the'wholesale price of city





milk is not high enough to yield the av-

erage owner of'a dairy a satisfactory in-

terest upon his investment. Therefore he

is compelled to supply the cheapest grade

of milk that the market will accept with-

out reducing the purchase price. The

financial stimulus is the strongest force

which can be enlisted in the improve-

ment of municipal milk supplies. Milk

supplies Will never become better as long

as the largest profit is attaine by the

production of dirty milk. However, they

Will improve when consumers are able





is true to grade.





to- buy graded milk which they are sure

The- main opportunity

for cheapening production is to omit the

labOr and care which are necessary to

the pro ction of a clean sanitary article.



The segrage production per cow in the





”state is 2,100 quarts—much too low to





give the dairyman‘ any large profit with

high cost of feed—in fact, he receives

less than six per cent on his investment.

His financial salvation depends upon in-'

creasing the productivity of his land to

the point where it takes less than five

acres to support a cow and increasing the

productivity of his cows so that they

will produce more than 2,100 quarts.

Dairymen are human—they are not phil-

anthropists—they can not afford to pro-





duce a higher grade of milk than the_





market demands and is willing to pay

for.





FLAVOR OF BUTTER INJURED BY

METALS.



Economic conditions make -it necessary

at present to hold butter in storage from

the summer season, when it is plentiful,

to the winter season, when it is ”scarce.

If the butter is properly made this can

be done without materially injuring its

quality. It often occurs, however, that

butter which has been held in storage for

some months develops; disagreeable fla-

vors that greatly lessen its value. These

bad flavors that will often pass unnoticed

when the butter is fresh may become so

serious a defect after three or four

months in storage as to render the but-

ter - almost unsalable. The chemical

changes which cause these bad flavors

are often too small to be detected by the

ordinary analytical methods of the lab-

oratory, but the senses of smell and taste

are far more delicate, and as soon as

bad flavors are detected by them the val-

ue of the product is lessened



Some metals either cause 0r greatly

accelerate certain bad flavors in butter.

although most of the experiments along





,this line have not included storage but-





teis. Recently the scientific staff of the

Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal

Industry in the United States Department

of Agriculture has reported that the

presence of very small amounts of iron

in cream causes certain.undesirable fla-

vors to increase in intensity during stor-

age. These flavors are often designated

by butter experts as “metallic,” ”oily,”

or “fishy." The injurious effect of iron

was found by adding iron in known

quantities, varying from one'to 500 parts,

to a million parts of cream. The butter

made from such cream was compared

with that made from cleam where all pre-

(autions w-eie taken to avoid any undue

contact with 11011 during the whole proc—

ess of butter making. The butter~ was

stored at six to 10 degrees Fahrenheit,

and the quality of the butter was scored

a few days after making, the samples to

which iron had been added scored lower

than the butter made from cream which

contained no iron. This held true in

most cases on the second and third scor-

ing, which occurred at intervals varying

from 20 to 187 days. The most notice—

able feature was the rapid development

oi‘ bad flavor in the butter containing the

iron. \Vhen both the control and the ex—

perimental butter became fish'y it was

noticed that the control butter was the

last to become so. There was a marked

oily flavor preSent in most samples that

subsequently became fishy. Only asmall

proportion of the iron added to the cream

was found in the butter, the remainder

having been taken up by the buttermilk

and wash water.



Butter was also made from cream which

had stood in rusty cans, and in every

case this butter had a peculiar taste and

was easily picked out from all other sam-

ples. The buttermilk also had a decided

metallic taste.



The influence of c pper on the flavor

of butter was studied in a similar man-

ner, and it was found that copper, even

in small quantities, seemed to cause more

marked changes of flavor in butter than

did ,the iron, with a decided tendency to-

ward a fishy flavor. in storage. Two ex-

periments showed very plainly the harm-.

ful effect of using poorly tinned pasteur-

izers, even though the cream came in

contact with the copper surface for only

a few seconds, for, aside from this, all

other conditions were exactly. alike during

the complete process offlbutter manu-

facture, . .



This work shows that if cream ’is, kept

in rusty cans or comes in contact with

iron or copper at any time during (the

process" 0f butter making it may take up

irOn or copper from. rusty cans, exposed

bolt heads, or other metal parts of pas-

teurizers or churns, in sufll‘cientquanti-





JULY 12, 1913.





ties to affect 'the flavor of'storage butter;

Though there is nothing to show that the

nature of the flavor is appreciably chang-

ed, it does demonstrate very clearly that

the rate of development of the undesir-

able flavor‘is greatly accelerated‘during

storage by very small quantities. of eith-

er iron or copper.





 





THE DIRECT METHOD OFIEGGé

MARKETING.





 





There is a. considerable and constantly

growing portion of our egg supply whiCh

is being marketed by the direckmethod

As understood in this discussion, the di-

rect method implies shipment by any one

of several local agencies, including indi-

vidual farmers, private companies, coun-

try merchants or co-operative associa-

tions, directly to the city retailer with-

out the aid of jobbers, wholesalers or

storage firms. I ’



' Rise of Direct Shipment.



The origin of this direct method has,

in-some instances, been due to the ini-

tiative of certain retail firms in the large

cities, which have gone into country

towns and made definite provisions for a

regular supply to be furnished from Week

to week. More often, however, the ini-

tiative is to be traced to eff01ts on the

part of certain agencies in the local comv

unities themselves.



Retailers in the large cities often find

it difficult to furnish their customers with

‘a sufficient supply of fresh eggs during

all seasons of the year. Some of the

most annoying experiences encountered

in the retail trade have arisen in just

this way. Customers insist upon fresh

eggs and first-class butter,

chants understand full well that contin-

ued patronage depends to a great extent

upon how well wants of this kind are

satisfied.



City Retailers Seek Dlrec't Supply.



In order to insure a steady supply at

all seasons of the year, some retailers

go into the country and make yearly

contracts with what they regard as re-

liable sources of supply. The contract

may be made with the owner‘ of a high-

class farm to furnish the city dealer all

the eggs sold from that place. The price

is usually placed at from two to five

cents, in rare instances ten cents, above

the market price, and therefore varies

with the different Seasons of the year.

One disadvantage in [making such ar-

rangements with an individual farmer is

that the supply furnished is usually in-

adequate. For this reason, large stores

which handle eggs in considerable quan-

tities find it advantageous to make con-

tracts with country stores or with cream-

ery associations that handle eggs. To

insure uniformity in size as well as a

steady supply, it is sometimes provided

that the eggs must weigh not less than

a minimum number of ounces per dozen.





Looal Communities Establish their Own

Markets.



TVhile a number of city retailers have

thus sought out theii own source of sup-

ply, by far the larger portion of egg-

marketing according to the direct method

owes its origin to the initiative of farm-

ers or local companies Where a farm-

ers’ organization or a private company

drawing on supplies from a variety of

people in the suiiounding country, at-

tempts to establish its own market among

city 1etailers,ce1tain difficulties are en-

countered that are not easy to overcome.

The fact that farmers different in tastes

and habits contribute to the same supply

necessarily loweis its standard as com-

pared with what can be furnished by an

individual farmer. The latter may ac-

quire a good will which differences in

the membership of a group render it im-

possible to duplicate. Farmers who band

themselves together under the rules of

an association, are able to minimize the

above differences to a great extent and

for' this reason we find that supplies fur-

nished from associations sell at a good

margin above the market price. They

are often able to command as good a

return as that obtained by high-class

individual farmers. Nevertheless, the

top price paid for the most select trade

will be found to go to certain individual

farms whose highly specialized methods

place them in a class of their own.



Hard to Sell Spring Supplies.

The farmers’ associations or private





'company confronts another difficulty in

_ the unloading of surplus supplies‘during





each spring season. During April and

May the farmers find that their ship-

ments are very much larger than the

regular retail customers in. the cities are

able to receive. The problem. of dispos:

ing) of this, surplus Without demoralizing

the conditions of the regular market has





0





and mer- '





 





4.1....“





*‘ “m1"





 





 





 





l
w.





«1

,1

l

:l

s





 





realize more than the





' JULY .12, 1913.‘



given rise to different experiments. Some

‘communities have been able to send

their surplus to jobbing firms and be-

cause of. good will already established

regular market

price on such surplus shipments. Where

the quality has become known to many

consumers in the city it has sometimes

been possible to distribute surplus sup-

plies among retailers other than those

who are regular patrons. "



. Local Storage.



Still another plan has been considered

recently by some of the local associa-

tions. This” contemplates the local stor-

age of surplus supplies. Thus far; how-

ever, no method has been devised suffi-

ciently safe to encourage storage to any

considerable extent. Until new light is

shed-on the ways and means of storing

6588. it is doubtful if local farmers‘ as-

sociofioris -will find it profitable to at—

tempt such a caurse.



Securing a Market.



In working up a market for lacal ship-

ments, we thus have twn sets of prob-

lems, first. thOSe connected with the dis-

posal of a. regular supply throughout the

year and, second, those regarding the

disposalpf added amounts during the

Season of surplus. The task of working

up a regular market to be supplied

throughout the year usually requires con—

siderable time. The advice of those whose

experience entitles them to be heard, in-

variably is to go slowly. Good market

connections cannot be established in a

month or a season. They must be built

up gradually. So far as the care of the

surplus is concerned the best experience

seems to point to a temporary extension

of direct city retail trade and, more of-

ten, special shipments to jobbers.



The above is in line with the series of

articles run in the Michigan Farmer the

first of the year under the name, “Nomid

System.” A discussion of the direct

method of selling ashere given in part,

is now being sent in bulletin form over

the state of Minnesota by the experiment

station.





 





WHO MUST PAY STATE MILK

LICENSE.





 





Will you kindly advise me if a small

dairyman has to pay a license to sell milk

when he lives in city limits and pays

city taxes?



Emmett Co. L. N.





Any person who produces mill: and sells

it to the consumer, i. e., peddles it, must

pay the state license, whether he pro-

duces the milk or whether he buys the

milk and then paddles it. Paying a. city

licenSe or paying taxes in the city has

nothing to do whatever with the state

license. This state license, however, is a

mere nominal sum, only 31. It simply al-

lOWS the State Dairy and Food Depart-

mentto keep track of the milk dealers

in the state and give them help 'and as-

sistance'whenever they need it.





APPLE ADVERTISING STAMPS TO BE

READY AUGUST 1.





 





The 'Advertisihg Committee of the In~

ternational Apple Shippers‘ Association.

thrOugh its chairman, Mr. Border, has

completed the design for the stamp that

is to be used for raising funds for the

conduct of a co-operative, country-wide

apple advertising campaign. Delivery

will be made in ample time to have them

in the hands of the banks that will sell

them before August 1.



Two series of stamps have been pre-

pared—in denominations of one cent and

two cent. The one-cent stamps will be

placed by the shippers on boxes, and the

two-cent stamp on barrels.



'In view of the wide-spread interest

evinced by apple growers in all sections

of the country, and in further view of

the vital necessity for advertising, that

now exists, it is expected that the mod-

est sums spent by growers on these

stamps will grow into a fund that will

enable the advertising committee to'show

markedly successful results in increasing

the demand for apples.



The Equitable Mortgage and Trust 00.,

of Baltimore, are the trustees for the

advertising fund, and the stamps will be

sold by banks throughout the country.





'For further information address, U. Grant





Border, Chairman Advertising Committee.

218 Light St, Baltimore, Md.





 





COLLEGES ARE HELPING FARMERS

To MARKET imam Pnooucrs.





 





The Kansas Agricultural College has

successfully undertaken the task of help-

mg farmers 01' that state to market their

crops. This it is doing by the direct. or





Nomid, system. The Nflege locates buy-





‘T’HE MICHIGAN FARMER





ers and sellers and then attempts to

bring them together. During the season

of 1912 the institution placed 350 carloads

of apples for producers of the 'state. Oth-

ei' crops marketed were hay and corn.

Other agricultural colleges of the cen-

tral west have engaged in a similar line

of Work, and so far as' we are able to

learn the plan is proving satisfactory to

both producers and consumers. .Should

a larger number of disinterested agencies

undertake to bring together the buying

and selling public the influence upon the

middlemen would be to reduce the

charges made for handling goods to the

legitimate expenses required for‘hand-

ling and insuring the same, doing away

with all exorbitant demands.





 





FARMERS SELL LIVE STOCK SUC-

CESSFULLY.





“'6 are in possession of figures showing

the business done by the co-operative

live stock marketing association of Litch-

field. Minn. which has been selling live

stock since 1908. During the year of or-

ganization the association sold 14 car

loads of stock for which it received a

gross income of $11,600; in 1910 it mar-

keted 81 car loads for $102,163, and in

1912 146 car loads which brought to the

members $181,545. ‘



The growth and influence of the asso-

ciation has been steady and certain from

the outset. While there were fewer than

100 members who took the initial step

toward the merging of their live stock

interests and shipping direct to packers,

in 1912 over 700 farmers availed them—

Fclves of the advantages offered by the

association. On the other hand, there

were six men who bought live stock at

this point at the time of organizing while

today there is not a single independent

buyer outside of the co-operative ship-

ping association. It is eStimated that in

1912- the farmers. after paying all ex-

penses of selling and handling the stock

had left from $8,000 to $10.000 over what

they would have received. from the buy—

ers under the old system—the exact

amount cannot, of course, be eStublished

because'it isnot known what the pri-

vate buyers would have paid under cir-

cumstances similar to those existing be-

fore 1908. While this assmiation was the

only one known to exist in Minnesota in

1908 there are now over 40. Other im-

portant services resulting from the or-

ganization than the financial benefits,

are: Improvement of stock, better meth-

ods of buSiness and Opening up new and

better markets for live stock grown in

that sectiOn of the country.



CEREAL CROPS OF THE NORTHERN

HEMISPHERE.





 





 





Statistics gathered by the International

Institute of Agriculture at Rome gives

some comparative figures with regard to

the cereal crops now growing in the north-

ern hemisphere.



-From the last bulletin issued by the

above authority it appears that the

wheat crop of the northern half of the

world will be larger than for 1912 unless

the crop of Russia changes the totals,

that country not being included in the

report referred to. As compared with

1912, the crop of the United States is 23

per cent higher for winter wheat and

23.3 lower for the spring wheat crop. In-

dia’s 1913- crop is 33 per cent less than

her 1912 crop. Italy's is nearly 11 per

cent. Bulgaria‘s six per cent, Denmark

13 per cent, and Japan five per cent

larger this year than last. The probable

production of Canada has not been re-

ported but her area of both winter and

spring wheat exceeds that of 1912.



The same authority indicates that the

out yield of the United States will be

77.8 per cent of the yield for 1912; that of

Denmark will be 100.3 per cent of the

yield for the former year and in Bul-

garia it will be 114.3 per cent of the pre-

ceding year. With the exception of Hun—

gory, the area sown this year will com-

pare very closely with that of 1912. In

the country excepted the inereased

acreage amounts to more than 22 per

cent above the 1912 crop.



The figures on the outlook for rye in

the present year are not comprehensive.

However, they indicate a yield practically

the same as the amount produced in

1912. Bulgaria has'a crop ranking 11 per

cent above that of 1912 and Denmark

one averaging about five per cent less.

according to the above authority. The

conditions of the crop growing in the

United States is one point above the av—

erage yield. The area sown for this sea-

son compares very closely with that of

the previous year.





TWANT T0 SUV"6 ”1...:





red Holstein

calves of 001!

W. n.3, Woo-tor. Oilo.





31mm MERRY.

CATTLE.





HAberdeen-l-EAnB usz. d

rd 1 ti of Trojan flea! ackblr s an

Prliiffeso‘i‘lnssaggnaeaby Winoauou ND

CHAMPION bullet the State. Wm Michigan and

F Cltydll‘ainotm 1912 nnEthNXTdngiiiimOg? “H.105?



. IN'I‘ 0. 0

191278 $303500“: maroon F.ABM 10111331111 Mich.





GUERNSEY BULL CALVES,

YORKSHIRE PIGS. Good Stock.

mats Gurus“ 1111111. Saginaw. W. S.,Mich.





Guernsey W] C —-—Bich 111A R. breeding.





Fit to head any herd.

A.Goe Dandy. G. A. WIGENT. Watervliet. Mich.





GUERNSEYS‘R‘E‘E; ““23;‘i“‘li‘. Ti‘ii‘a. with?"





J. K. BLANKFORD. .AuditoriunTowor. (idem. Ill,





v92 Ben. Guernsey bullshit. Ready for service,

nthevs very best breeding, cheap it taken soon. Guar-

sensatisfamion. J 01111 Ebola, 11.10, Holland. Mich.





mamas mus 10115111 whats:





ALLEN 18308.. Paw Paw. Michigan.





, HOIOE Bull Calves from A. R. 0. dams. Sir-ed by

our herdsin w dam andsire'a dam each made

over 30 lbs. in 7 days E. R. Cornell. Howell. Mich.





A m CHOICEIO Edam!“ "lesion Bull Calves





GREGORY & BOBIJEN.u Hoonll. Bligh hlgsa an.





HOLST EIN BUILS—well bred. at reasonable prices.

Barred Book Chickens from 15 years breeding. G

layers eggs )5 [0:81. W. B. Jones, Oak Grove Mich.





“Top-Notch" Holsteins.





Choice bull calves from 2 to 8 1110,0111. of fashion-

able breeding and from dams with ofllcial milk

and butter records for sale at reasonable prices.





“0?me PARIS 00.. Hawaii. Elohlgan.

Purebred Resistor“!





H OLSTE IN CATTLE



The Greatest Dairy Bread

8!“ for m: 11W Booklet

“obtain-Frieda. Anon Box [64. Brattlcboro.Vt.





lIPRBTAIIT T0 HBLSTEIN BREEDERS.





MIC there is a. breeder or a community of breeders in

Michigan inneed one of the greatest BULLS of

the G EATEST breed of Dairy cattle in the world. I

wish to call I{our attention to the fact. that. I am

[Gel-ingl‘ BISALE .Plodgue Duke De X01 Welsrij I:



4357.119 is a great breeder, a grand individua



Bred _ri tt. and guaranteed a sure breeder. sound

and rig tin every respect. His dam" [8 Nancy Pledge

Princess. Butter in 7 dew. 32. 89 lbw; Mllk' 1n 7 days. 716. 00



“55.; Butter in 30 days.132.81 lbsh; 111111: in 80 dayl. ”57.70qu



Come and see him and soohu be convinced of



his worth. L.E E.CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





Bigellw’s Holstein Farms





Broodsvllle, Mlch.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out Of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





HOLSTEIN cows FOR SALE





Bred to a bull that is more than a. half brother to the

Worlds record cow Benostine Belle Do 110]. This is

an opportunity for some one to start in Registered

sto ot a moderate cost



.8. LEWIS. Marshall. l‘n‘“





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





17~37





——La 0 Cattle—Heavy Milken

h"? Shorfllom M111? Records or all cow. kept.

210 stock for sale at press

W.W ANPP. t.No. L Watervllot. Mich.





SHEEP.





IT PAYS TO BUY THOROUGHBRED SHEEP

OI“ PARSONS. ”the sheep man of the east, "

I sell and ship everywhere and pay express

charges. I will start one man in each 13va

Write for club offer and descriptive price list.

Shropshires. Rambouillet. I’olled- Delaines anld





D . R

P R Grand Ledge, Michigan.





flog. Bambm'llel Sheep. Pm Bred Poland China





HUGS and PETRCHERON HISPBSE %.A. 2 miles

E. Morrioe.onG.T ..R B. and M. ILJ 0K.





SHROPSHIRES {3 DUROCS





ROPE-ICON FARM. Kinderhook. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





H008.





' ——A Desirable Bunch of Sows of

limes ”Mom: names“... “1...”.

M. T. Story. R. R. l8Lowoll, Mich. ity Phone





BERKSHIRE 0m masher: mi, 5;”;





k.

stock uLmnuns¥nsrooK FARM? Almont 11151.





BERKSHIRE PICS FOR SA 4”" °’ "W





out mothers.

Tomes Stock Farm. 1730 Michigan Ave. DetmiLMlch.





' ' ——Boat breeding; best type.

Quick flaming Harbin: spam“... gunmen

or money rota ed. 0 S. BARTLETT. Pontiac. Mich.





 





 





° ——brod for July harrowing-.150 aohoioe

a harlmg 30" lot; of Spring Pill for sale. E1 the:-

sex. A. A. PAT TU ULLO. [LNo lDeckervllle. Mich.





0 I c —Blg growthy type. last fall gilts and this

spring (arrow to otter. Very stock.



SoottNo.1 head of herd. Farm 56 mile west ofde t.

OTTO OB. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mlc





0 I C.’ ——A FEW mum sows non

5 SEPTEMBER FARROW.

GEO. P. ANDREWS. Dansville. Ingham 05.. Mich.





 





 





’ 0.1. c. Q‘





52W WEIGHED 932 LBS.





23 MONTHS OLD

‘ lONlA GIRL





I have started more breeders on the road to sno-

oer-than an man living. I have thalamest and tin-

ost hard int!» .Every one an early developer.

ready for the market at six months old. I want to

Ed- one one on in each community to advertise my



5rd. Write fior my plan,‘ ‘How to Make Money from



by." G. S. “M‘MIN.R."°. I 0 Portland. Mloh.





 





 





o I C 35—21“ cold. Orders booked for April

:3 and May pl of the choicest breeding

C. J. THOM PSON.





ockford, Michigan



9 —-Bred sows. “March 138 pain and



0. I. CS trioa. Rooksfimflfflperm.

FRED NICKEL R. 1. Monroe. Michigan.





0 L cis —All mngegafi mwthy and large. Males

. aelectfmm. Attractive ricea

U,MP Munith, Ml





 





 





on young stock.





0 I C SWINE—I“ am ts.ofl’ering‘filoo- l‘bo





furrow the latter gs art of August.3 and fore part of.

September. All w o are interested write one

A. J. GORDON. R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.





 





 





DUBOO J emey herd boar and brood sow—835 each, it

taken at ones. Also May pigs 88 while they

Int. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Mrs. F. B. Cook, Stanwood, Mich.





 





 





NTHIS HOLSTEIN BULL





mdb by beat-o- IIPONT [AC BUTTERBOY

Dam has oflicial record of 24 lbs. as 4-". -old. 90lba. milk

a. day. Price loom). 0. D. WOODBURY. LansingMich.





REGISTERED “ULSTEIIS. H°BARTW FAY





Manon. Mich. Farm

rightln the city. only low minutes from Jackm or

Lansing, Electric cars from both cities every hour





HOLSTEIN BULLS.





3 1:08 months old. 375 to 3300. Don 't bu until you

get. our pedigrees and rices. IILONE BEAC

FA EMS, Augusta, Kn amazoo 00..





 





 





—2- -.yr -old Jersey Bull—Deaf s. '1- -yr -old recor

FOI’ sail—1055 10551 lbs. milk, 513155. 604 bu nerd

am“ an 5 4299711.. 1.3.1.1111: -3115 lbs. 1515. 705 lbs.

bum-.m- 2-51.01d full states" I record— $10 lbs. milk 435

lbs (at. 513 lbs. butter. All authentloated kind.

sound. cure. Waterman & WatermamAnn Arbor.Mich.





lotion farm, Grass lahJIich. 6.113.}... ”“15 ea?“

loo of Sylvan “Xi the bloodof Jubilee of Bel-d Are.





They Keep It Up

Theo are some cattle that give mom

milkwhendneyare track 1111an my,

but there isn’t any breed that gives as

rich In!!!”





The Jersey





at as small feeding cost. nor is there

any, breed 0! cattle ttha Williams it up

9 Jerseys will, year in and year out.





In:

That’lwh you mhttobnyJe 510

m0 ysour berd' s salami-”gem!

torJerse yet“.

am: mo “m1 6AM! 61.113

88‘ W. 831 m8" York





Lillie Farmstead Jerseys

(Tubmulln touted. [free from Tuber—

ou loch.) 80ml MG Indium ml bull calm onto!



8.10.80 13—pin





flora-lost

.Coonmflne.mch.





~Bul|5 ready for service, bred t

Jars s modulation. Also can and halter-0:.

Brookwnter Farm. 13.1.1). No.7. Ann Arbor. Mich.





F 0 R. SA LE—Hom Farm Jersey Bulls.

«mo. c. mm. unassuming?“-





—Be¢15terod JemyOatt‘le.t bore 11 -



limitationsacres.- £11.33“;

3 a r 0



Association rooordl mun rhg‘himwliliz‘ils...





BUTTER BRED " Inglis“





Sling? M amusement . ABM. .





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Will BE! mutanmtisusa l





m.





 





 





DUll0C-JERSEYS”.‘1’.‘. ifififflé‘liriiiif' ileum“

all ages. SPECIAL B 36 AIN in summer pi

Brookwat'er Farm. .F D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. M1





—F l

DUROC JERSEYS Nsfiiinfuiis gill. 35.. °“

1‘. J. DROUI', R. No. 1. onroe. Michigan;

Duroo Jerseys For Sale—Three fall boars. also until:

1111 :5





pigs. either 551‘ of 1511th breodln and indiup 1

quality. John McNiooIl, StationA. [1%, Bay Oitvaich.





Bum. lam; 013—1113an 3111 Barth; Pigs For Sale





CAREY U. ED Hastm Michigan.





 





DUBOO JERSEY SPRING PIGS of either sex for

sale, Pairs not akin, alsoA 2 Reg. Percheron mares,

.81! RLY Okemoa. Mich. .





POLAND CIHNAS‘Efil‘ dart? slim





Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. M ch.





2 years old. both stays.





Big Tm Poland China Pig: 39.333 35:32.3 3‘35?





Books. 51 per 15. ROBERT NEVE, Pierson. Mich





POLAND CHINA ‘53:? 3°! .11.... Some-





00d 1; I

r. 1:. LONG 3.110. 8. (hang Karim; 111513253.





LlilliE "PE 1.c.1=111 PIGS 311.2222. 1.3;“ ““3





. ch 0



inc 9135 1351 ever 11159111113111: sow- fin-rowed 86.

one or write. Expenses paid if not satisfied. Free

livery froum W. E. Livingston. Par-ma. Mich.





r. (3.1101113 m sows~gmem 5.. mm.





A. A. WOOD & SON. 8811.03.81:me





BIG TYPE MULE FOOT FOGS—A

350 sale. Prolific and hardy. Best breed fox-1111115131201.

Also Ponies. J. DUNLAP. Box M .Williamport. U





ABGE Yorkahu‘os-Choioe breed' took. aces.

L not skin. from State Fair priggwainnersan Pedl l-

greos furnished. W.G. COOK. R. 42 Box 22 Ada. M ch.





YORKSHIRE Stink—We have come nice max





pinnowroadyfo roale. Writer

prices. OSTRANDEB BROS. gogiflfflmfifch.





[Illii Farmstead YORKSHIRES





nl bled 11!de sold. Gillie bred for next August

{sigma tent»:- plus 91 lther sex. pain md tries

11 a. 11





1'6 k d f

coLONeE'.bi‘iifi.1é" Wynn. Mlch

Does.

“WIS“ m p""1"!me h" ”mi, 3““ FRIES





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GRAINS AND SEEDS.





July 9, 1913.





Wheat—This cereal rules lower. For

tw0 weeks prices have gradually declined

without a single reaction. The depress-

ing influence comes very largely from tiie

crop conditions of this country. The

winter wheat has matured well and rains

have helped the spring wheat crop in

many sections. Abroad the neWS has

been more favorable to the bull side of

the market. Russia is complaining of

unfavorable weather, as is also France,

and in the Canadian Northwest a firmer

feeling prevails because the output there

will probably run considerably below that

of a year ago. European countries are

also anxious on account of the Balkan

war trouble which may spread at any

time and create a general demand for the

cereal by providing against emergencies.

1n the United States farmers are putting

their new crop on the market in those

sections where threshing is in progress

and“ these receipts have been a depress-

ing feature. Millers report a quiet trade

for flour. One year ago the price for No.

2 red wheat on the local market was

$1.061/2 per bu. Quotations for the week

are as follows;





 





No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. July. Sept-

Thursday . . . .1.00% 9914 91 92%

Friday .. ....

Saturday .......... .. .. ..

Monday 98% 97% 891/2 91

Tuesday ...... 98 97 88% 901/;

W'ednesday . . 98 97 9014 941/2





Chicago, (July 8).—No. 1 red wheat, 900;

N0. 2 red, 88%@89%c; July, 88c; Sept.,

88%0; Dec, 921,40.



Corn.——The change in corn values

amounts to a fractional decline. This

cereal occupies a stronger position than

wheat as may be observed through its

failure to follow the rapid decline in the

other cereal. The consumption of corn

has been large, which, together with the

reports of damage from lack of mosture

in many important corn growing sec-

tions, keeps values steady in the face of

a declining wheat deal. One year ago the

price for No. 3 corn was 721/2c per bu.

Local quotations for the past week are:





No.3 No.3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday 61% 6334

Friday

Saturday .................

Monday . ...... 61 63

Tuesday .............. . . . . 61 63

Wednesday 61 63





Chicago, (July S).——N0. 2 corn, 611/2@

621/2c; No. 2 yellow, 6261621/2c; July, 6033c;

Sept., 61190; Dec, 58%cc per bu.



Oats. This cereal held steady until

Tuesday, when a fractional decline af-

fected all grades. Although crop advices

from many sections indicate a good yield,

other localities report the growing plant

in poor condition. Consumption seems to

be fully up to normal. One year ago the

local price for standard oats was 53c per

bu. Quotations for the past week 1alre:3



o.





 





‘ Standard. White.

Thursday ................. 44 43

Friday ........ .. ..

Saturday .. ..

Monday ................... 44 43

Tuesday 431/2 421/2

\Vednesday 44 43





Chicago, (July 8).—-No. 2 oats, 381/269

383,40; standard, 411/2@42c; July, 401/80;

Sept, 411/2c; l)ec., 431/8c per bu.



Beans.—Former nominal quotations are

still published here, with the trade in a

bearish conditiOn, supplies being ample

and demand ordinary. The estimated

acreage of the crop in Michigan for the

present year is 424,230 acres. The nom-

inal quotations for immediate and prompt

shipment are $2.05; July, $2.10 per bu.



Chicago, (July 8).—At this point bean

values have declined the past week. All

varieties suffered from the cut except

white kidneys, which are higher. l’ea

beans, handrpicked, fancy, are quoted at

$2.25 per bu; choice, $2.15m2.20; prime,

$1.90m»2.05; red kidneys, $2.10@2.20; white

kidneys, $3 per bu.



Rye—On the local market prices are

unchanged at 64c per bu. for cash No. 2,

and the market is steady with very few

offerings. In Chicago the margin is nor—

rowed, with the higher level unchanged

from last week, No. 2 being quoted at 62

(9621/40 per bu.



Bariey.——Lower values prevail in all

important markets. At Chicago the range

is from 48(1261c per bu. and at Milwaukee

from 55(063c, according to grade.



Clover Seed—More interest is being

manifested in the seed trade and the 10-

cal market has been bidding for future

deliveries with some contracts affected.

October seed is quoted at $8.20 and alsike

at $9.25 per bu. At Toledo prime Octo-

ber is up 50 and quoted at $8.25 per bu.,

while December is steady at,$8.20. Prime

October alsike has advanced a half dol-

lar to $9.40 per bu., while December is

lip 45c or at $9.45 per bu.



Timothy Seed.—A better market pre-

vails in this product, prime caSh being

1113 to $2.55 and September $2.60 per bu.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





 





Floun—Jobbing lots in 1,9 paper sacks



.selling on the Detroit market per 196

g as follows: BeSt patent, $5.70; sec-

ond. 95.20:. straight. $5; spring patent,

36.10: rye flour, $4.60 per bbl,



Hay.—ValueS' steady. Carlots on the

track at Detroit are: No. 1 timothy,

$14@14.50; No. 2, $11@12; light mixed,





$12.50@13; No. 1 mixed, $116312,

Chlcago.——litiarket quiet at lower values.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Choice timothy, $14.50@15 per ton; No. 1

$13.60@14; No. 2, $11@12; No. 3 and clo-

ver mixed, $8@11; clover, $8@12; alfalfa,

$14@17. .





 





 





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.



Butter.—Butter generally showed little

activity last week due to the holiday and

the extreme heat. Elgin was steady at

this week's opening and the local market

shows no change from last week. Detroit

jobbing prices as follows: Fancy cream-

ery, 260; firsts, 241/2c; dairy, 21c; packing

stock, 190 per lb.



Elgin.—Market steady at 2696c.



Chicago—Market quiet under liberal

supplies, a very small proportion of which

show extra quality. The better grades,

however, are quoted a little higher. Quo-

tations are: Extra creamery, 26%c; ex-

tra firsts, 25%@26c; firsts, 241/2@25c; sec-

onds, 23%@24c; dairy extras, 25c;firsts,

240; seconds, 220; packing stock, 12@21c

as to quality.



New York.~Values here show a bet-

ter recovery than at most other points,

this applying especially to the better

grades of both creamery and dairy. Quo-

tations: Creamery extras, 27%(04‘28c;

firsts, 26@27c; secondS, 241/2@251/2c; state

dairy, finest, 26@27c; good to prime, 24@

251/2c; common to fair, 22@231,éc; packing

20((021c as to quality.



Eggs.—The loeal market remains un-

changed, with extra quality stoek com-

manding a premium. Current offerings,

candied, being quoted at 171/2c per doz.



Chicago.—This market is receiving

great quantities of mediocre stock and

quotations on miscellaneous offerings

have widened very perceptibly. Values

on the whole are lower this week. Mis—

cellaneous receipts, cases included, are

quoted at 10(11151/20; do., cases returned,

lOfwl5c; ordinary firsts, 151/2Qb‘16c; firsts,

17@l171/4c; storage packed, firsts, 171/20

per dozen.



New York—Good eggs in this market

are commanding slightly better prices

than a week ago. Fresh gathered extras,

2361‘25c; western gathered, whites, 20@

25c per dozen.



Poultry.—-Offerings continue liberal but

the demand at this week’s opening was

sufficient to bring a fair advance in

chickens. Quotationsz Live—Broilers,

25613260; hens, 166Il161/2c; No. 2 hens, 12

@13C; old roosters, 116012c; turkeys, 17‘@

18c: geese, 1260130: ducks, 15@16c per ll).



Chicago—Receipts liberal and market

in fair condition. Fowls ars fractionally

higher while springs are quoted 3c lower.

Quotations on live are: Turkeys, good

Weight, 170; others, 120; fowls, good,

141/20; spring chickens, 22c; ducks, 1161)

12c; geese, 7fl9c; guinea hens, $4 per





- dozen.





Cheese.——Steady. “'holesale lots, Mich-

igan flats, 14146114640; New York flats,

15%(1)16c; brick cream, 141,{,@15c; limbur-

ger, 14%fl151/2c.





Veal.—Little doing; . quotations largely





nominal. Fancy, 13%@14c; common,

1061) l 10..

Chicago—This market is overloaded





with stale stocks which it seems nearly

impossible to move. The few fresh, sound

calves on hand at this week's opening

brought 10fiil3c per lb.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.—Ncw apples are selling here at

5514061150 per box, and $46,414.50 per bbl.

Old apples are gone.



Gooseberrles.—$2(a‘2.50 per bu.



Currants—Ordinary, $2.50@3;

$350604 per bu.



Raspberries—Firm with offerings fair.

Red, $5.50@6 per 24-qt. case; black, $1.50

per 16-qt. case.



Cherries.——Good supply at $3.25@3.50 per

bushel.



Potatoes.—Market is easy with prices

for the new crop ruling lower than last

week, they being $2.25@2.35 per bbl.





cherry,





WOOL.





 





Boston—TVOOI sales are increasing, The

total transfers for last week totaled more

than 1,500,000 lbs. Dealers are taking a

more optomistic View of the deal. Farm-

ers who held out earlier in the season

have promise, in most instances, of get-

ting What they demanded. Medium fleeces

appear to heme about as strong a position

in the market as any other kind of wool.

Among the leading quotations here are:

Michigan fleeces—Fine unwashed, 19617200;

delaine unwafdied, 20m>21c; 1/_;~blood un-

washed, 22@23c; ilg-blo‘od unwashed, 23

((1240.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





The egg market is off this Week and

jobbers are paying the country trade

161,42c. Dairy butter is worth 220. Hay

is a short crop in this section and new

hay is bringing $146016, old $17@20. The

strawberry season is over and the few

offered are worth around $3 per crate.

Red and black raspberries are drying up

for Want of rain and are selling around

$2.50 per crate, the black caps- ranging

down to $2. Cherries were in good de-

mand on Tuesday morning’s market and

soul‘s sold for $1.20@1.50; sweets at $2.25.

Currants are bringing $1.25; gooseberries

$1. First offerings of home-grown pota-

toes sold at $1.20 per bu. New peas are

Worth $1. Dressed hogs are quoted at

101/2@11c; fowls, live, 12%@13c; broilers,

20@22c.





DETROIT RETAIL QUOTATIONS.





 





Eastern Market—Produce was sold out

early Tuesday for there were compara-

tively few offerings to supply the de-

mands of the large number of buyers.

Strawberries and old potatoes are gone.

The variety of products is narrow. Let-

tuce is bringing 25¢ per bu; peas, $1.00;

radishes plentiful at 3 bunches for 100;





beets 3 bunches for 25c: carrote‘do” 250;

cherries were sold readily at $3@3.25 per

24-qt. case; loose hay, $13@16 per ton.





THE LIVE STOCKl MARKETS.





 





Buffalo.

July 7, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York'Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 120 cars; hogs, 65 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 10 double decks; calves

11 head.



“'ith 120 cars of cattle on our market

here today and only 10,000 reported in

Chicago, our market here was about

steady on all grades. The indications

were at the opening of the market for

some improvement in the best heavy cat-

tle, but when the market steadied down

and offerings changed hands, prices rul-

ed about steady, and at the close there

were several loads of heavy cattle un-

sold. Other grades closed steady and

about all sold. Milkers and springers,

the best grades, were from $3695 per

head higher, while the common kind

were about Steady.



\Ve quote: _ Best 1350 to 1500-lb. steers

dry-fed, $8.75@9; good to prime 1200 to

1300—lb. do., $8.40@8.65; good to prime

1100 to 1200-lb. do., $8.15@8.40; coarse and

plain weighty steers, '$7.65@7.90; good to

choice handy dry-fed steers, $8@8.25;

good to choice handy steers, grassy kind,

$7.40@7.60; medium butcher steers, grassy

kind, $7697.25; dry-fed steersand heifers

mixed, $780608; light common grassy

steers and heifers, $6.50@6.75; best fat

cows, dry-fed, $6.50@7; do., grassy, $5.50

((136; good butcher cows, $5.50@6; light do

$4.50fgi'5; trimmers, $4@4.25; best fat heif—

ers, dry-fed, $7.75@8; medium butcher

heifers, grassy, $6.50@7; light common

grassy heifers, $6@6.25; stock heifers,

$5615.50; best feeding steers, deliorned.

$7@7.25; light and common stockers, $6@

6.50; best butcher bulls, $6.75@7.25; bo-

logna bulls, $6((i‘6.50; stock bulls, $5.25@

5.50; best milkers and springers, $65@

80; common kind do., $35@45.



Receipts of hogs today were consider-

ably lighter for a Monday than for some

time past; about 65 double decks on sale.

Market was slow at the opening; packers

buying their grades at $9.40 generally,

while shippers paid up to $9.45 for light

mixed, and $9.50 for pigs and yorkers.

Roughs sold from $7.50((i‘8.25; Stags, $6.50

(07.50; market closed steady and about

everything sold.



The sheep and lamb market was active

today; prices a quarter higher on sheep,

and a half higher on lambs; choice handy

yearling lambs selling at $675607; spring

lambs, $9419.15; few fancy at $9.50; look

for little lower prices the last of the

week. '



\Ye quote: Choice spring lambs, $9@

9.25; cull to fair do., $6.50@8.50; yearling

lambs, $6.50m7; bucks, $3693.50; wetiiers,

$5.25Q5.50: handy ewes, $475605; heavy

ewes, $375614; cull sheep, $2.50((ii3.50;

veals, choice to extra, $10.75@11; fair to

good, $9@10.50; heavy calves, $4.50@6.





Chicago.





 





July 7, 1913.

Cattle' Hogs. Sheep.





Received today ..... 10.000 35,000 16,000

Same day last year..18,905 29,912 16.993

Received last week..31,514 90,162 60,985

Same week last year.35.057 109,141 66,195





This is a Monday of light supplies of

cattle and sheep, while the run of hogs

falls much below expectations, being

light to begin the week. Cattle prices

are generally 15@25c higher, with a sale

(if some choice beeves at $8.95. Hogs are

up 1061150, with plenty of sales at the

full advance of 150, there being a strong

demand at $8.60@9.20. Prices are the

highest since April. Hogs marketed last

week averaged 242 lbs.. compared with

237 lbs. 3 year ago, 229 lbs. twa years

ago, and 240 lbs.»three years ago. Prime

pigs are up to $8.90. The sheep market

is booming, with large flocks of Idaho

range lambs taken at $8.25, a jump of

50c, but at a late hour no native lambs

had been sold above $8. The best light

yearling wethers brought $6.75, and some

light ewes sold at $4.65.



Cattle were decidedly in the dumps

last week, the general demand being

about as poor as could well be imagined,

for it was hot weather, and beef con-

sumption was at its lowest everywhere.

The receipts were reduced to extremely

small proportions, for country shippers

knew from experience what to expect in

the way of demand, but small as they

were. prices pursued a downward course

and averaged all of 25c lower at_the

close than a week ago. The bulk of the

beef steers crossed the scales at $7.60@

8.60, the commone‘i‘ class of light grassy

steers going at $7697.75, while the best

beeves of strong weight sold for $8.40

((178.85. For medium class steers buyers

paid $7.80@8.10, and a good class sold at

$8.15@8.35, while medium to prime little

yearlings sold at $7.75@8.65. The fact

that there were two holidays in. the week

when absolutely no business was tran—

sacted in cattle. hogs and sheep made a

big difference in the demond for all sorts

of cattle. with the slaughtering plants

all closed from Thursday night to Mon—

day morning, for it was decided some

time ago by the Chicago Live Stock Ex-

change to observe Saturday as well as

Friday. Butchering cattle sold more

readily than beef steers, as usual. but

even these cattle shared in the decline in

priceS, cows and heifers going at $4.80@

8.25, and a consignment of 108 head of

770-lb. yearling heifers, which looked like

the kind that sold during the previous

week at $8.60, went to Armour & Co. at

$8.25. Cutters sold at $4.25@4.75. canners

at $3.25@4.20 and bulls at $4.75@7.25.

Very little business was accomplished in

stockers and feeders, neither offerings

nor demand amounting to much, with

prices averaging 15@25c lower. Stockers

sold at $5.50@7.85 and heavy feeders at

$6.80@8, very few feeders going nearthe





JULY 12, 1913





top figure. Stock heifers sold moderately

at $5.75@6.75 and stock calves at $7@8.

Calves had a good outlet at $8.75@9.60

for good light vealers, with coarse heavy

calves Selling at $5 and upwards. Milk—

ers and springers were extremely dull at

$50@100 per head.



Hogs' made a great record last week by

selling at much the highest price touch-

ed for weeks, the greatly lessened re-

ceipts being too Small for the require-

ments of the trade. \Vhen the week

closed hogs sold at $8.50@9.05 for rough,

heavy packing lots to prime selected light

and butcher lots, while pigs brought $7.50

@885. Provisions have been following

the raw material «in its upward flight,

With a good cash demand and much

smaller supplies than in other years, the

stocks held in Chicago warehouses the

first of July aggregating but 119,414,084

lbs-., compared with 108,783,521 lbs. ’8.

month earlier and 163,126,026 lbs. a year

ago. There was a much smaller increaSe

in such holdings during June than is us-

ual in that month, and packers are ex-

tremely deSirous of increasing their

stocks. The proportion of big, heavy

sows that have been fattened for the

market after weaning their pigs is in-

creasing gradually, and these sell at a

marked discount from prices paid for

more desirable offerings. As the season

advances these may be expected to sell

at a greater discount, this being the

common experience of former years in

the market. Stags sold at the close at

$8.90@9.35, boars at $8@8.45 and throw-

out packing sows at; $8@8.45. Higher

prices for hogs later on are expected.





Sheep and lambs reacted after Monday

last week from their heavy decline in

prices, as owners stopped their previous

liberal shipments, and sellers were in a

position to dictate terms. “hen the

week closed spring lambs sold on a basis

of $5.25@7.75, with the seaSon for mar-

keting Idaho range springs opened and

fair sales at $5.75@7.75 and a ready out-

let for feeder lots at $5.75@6.25. Native

ewes brought $2.50@4.50, and bucks

brought $3@3.50, while breeding ewes

went at $4@4.75 in a small way. Oregon

ranges furnished fair numbers of wethers

at $3.50@4.95, as well as some yearling

wethers at $5615.35, the $5 lots selling

for feeders. Chicago packing plants con-

tinued to receive liberal supplies of south-





ern spring lambs consigned to them di-.





rect from their special buyers stationed

at Louisville, and this feature will be a

factor in the market for some time yet.

'\Viiile spring lambs have rallied in val-

ues, they are still much lower than in

several recent years. The course of the

market from now on will depend upon

whether owners ship in their holdings

conservatively or not.





 





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





“heat—The estimated average yield in

the state is 14.63, in the southern coun-

ties 14.28, in the central counties 14.90,

in the northern counties, 14.63, and in

the upper peninsula 17.62 bushels per

acre.



Rye—The average estimated yield of

rye in the state is 13.81, in the southern

counties 13.89. in the central counties

12.82, in the northern counties 13.64 and

in the upper peninsula 20.80 bu. per acre.



Corn—The condition of corn in the

state is 87, in the southern counties and

upper peninsula 84, in the central coun-

ties 90 and in the northern counties 91.

One year ago the condition of corn in the

state was 68.



Buckwheat—The acreage of buckwheat

sown or to be SOWn as compared with

last year is 89 in the state, 88 in the

southern and northern counties, 96 in

the central counties and 77 in the upper

peninsula.



Beans—The acreage of beans planted

or to be planted as compared with last

year is 96 in the state, 94 in the southern

counties, 103 in the central counties, 93

in the northern counties and 98 in the

upper peninsula. The condition of beans

compared with an average is 91 in the

State, 87 in the southern counties, 94 in

the central counties, 92 in the northern

counties and 99 in the upper peninsula.



1’0tatoes.——The condition of potatoes in

the state is 88, in the southern counties

84, in the central counties 90, in the

northern counties 93 and in the upper

peninsula 96.



Sugar Beets.~The condition of sugar

beets is 90 in the state and central coun-

ties, 88 in the southern counties, 93 in

the northern counties and 91 in the upper

peninsula.



Ciover.——The condition of clover sown

this year as compared with an average

is 77 in the state, 70 in the southern coun-

ties, 76 in the central counties, 88 in the

northern counties and 105 in the upper

peninsula.



Hay and Forage—The acreage of hay

and forage that will be harvested as com-

pared with last year is 88 in the state

and southern counties, 85 in the central

counties, 86 in the northern counties and

98 in the upper peninsula.



Peas—The acreage of peas sown, as

compared with last year is 89 in the

state, 91 in the southern counties, 87 in

the central counties, 86 in the northern

counties and 92 in the upper peninsula.



Fruit—The prospect for a crop of

peaches in the counties included in the

Michigan Fruit belt is as follows:





Allegan ............. 36

Berrien ................ .. .. . 43

iOnia ................ .................. 45

Kent ......... 59

Ottawa 38





Van Buren . 27

Muskegon

Newaygo

Oceana

Benzie





Leelanau . . . . . . . . 65

Manistee . 50

Mason . .......... .. ..... 75

Average for Michigan Fruit .Belt ..... 54

Average for Michigan Fruit Belt, 1912 18





 





 





 





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Emir/“iron.





THIS IS THE FIRST EDITION.





 





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock Markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to getzthe

paper early than they do for Thursday's

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping use card to that effect.





.—





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Thursday's Market.

July 3, 1913.

Cattle.





Receipts, 785. Market active at Wed-

nesday’s and last week’s prices on all





grades.

We quote: Best dry-fed steers and

heifers, $8@8.25; steers and heifers, 1000





to 1200, $7.50@7.75; do. 800 to 1000, $7@

7.25; grass steers and heifers that are

fat, 800 to 1000, $6@7; do. 500 to 700,

$5@6; choice fat cows, $6.25@6.50; good

fat cows, $5.75@6; common cows, $4.75@

5; canners, $3.75@4.25; choice heavy

bulls, $6.50; fair to good bolognas, bulls,

$6@6.25; choice feeding steers, 800 to

1000, $6.75@7; fair do., 800 to 1000, $6@

6.50; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6.50@7;

fair do., 500 to 700, $5.50@6; milkers,

large, young, medium age, $50@70; com-

mon milkers, $35@45.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 8

heifers av 810 at $7; to Boyer 5 stockers

av 500 at $7; to Bresnahan 1 cow weigh-

ing 1070 at $5.50. 1 do weighing 1140 at

$5.25, 7 heifers av 667 at $5.70; to Br'ei-

tenbeck 5 cows av 1012 at $4.85; to

Bower 23 stockers av 475 at $5.75; to

Schuman 3 butchers av 920 at $6.75. 8

cows av 1046 at $5.20; to Breitenbeck 11

butchers av 922 at $7.35; to Stahlem 2

do av 895 at $5.60, 1 bull weighing 620

at $5.50; to Rattkowsky 1 do weighing

1000 at $5.50, 1 do weighing 560 at $5, 2

cows av 980 at $5.10; to Bresnahan 4

heifers av 735 at $6; to Land 11 feeders

av 710 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co. 8 heifers

av 715 at $6; to Bresnahan 6 butchers

av 1120 at $5.85, 6 do av 970 at $7.35; to

MaSOn B. Co. 2 cows av 950 at $6, 2 do

av 1040 at $6.25, 2 do av 775 at $5.50, 2

do. av 860 at $5, 2 heifers av 525 at

$6.25, 3 steers av 887 at $7.35, 5 do av

790 at $5.50, 1 bull weighing 650 at $5.80.

5 steers av 926 at $7.15, 2 do av 690 at

$6.10





Sandall sold Kendall 18 stockers av

535 at 5.



Same sold Kull 8 butchers av 794 at

$6 75





Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

C0. 3 cows av 917 at $6, 1 bull weighing

1250 at $6.25. 4 do av 1100 at $6.35; to

& Co, 5 do av 1200 of $6.25,

3 do av 1050 at $6.25, 2 cows av 1065 at

$5, 2 do av 1000 at $5.50. 2 do av 1095 at

$5.50, 1 do weighing 1120 at $6, 1 bull

weighing 730 at $5.50. 2 canners av 825

at $4.25. 1 cow weighing 1000 at $5. 8

cows av 962 at $5; to Bresnahan 2 bulls

av 470 at $4.50. 7 butchers av 644 at

$5.50; to Boyer 1 heifer weighing 480 at

$5.50, 3 bulls av 457 at $5; to Kull 2

butchers av 660 at $6. 9 do av 820 at

$6.75; to Norey 13 cows av 740 at $5.50;

to Parker, W. & Co. 2 bulls av 870 at

$6; to Kamman B. Co. 13 steers av 905

at $7.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull

weighing 1150 at $6.25; to Schumaker 5

stockers av 740 at $6.10, 1 bull weighing

680 at $5; to Kamman B. Co. 3 butchers

av 971 at $7, 3 cows av 1150 at $6; to

Cooke 10 steers av 954 at $7.25; to Kain-

man B. Co, 7 butchers av 764 at $6.50;

to Parker, “1'. & Co. 2 co'ws av 960 at

$4; to Marx 1 steer weighing 880 at

$6.50, 3 do av 777 at $6; to Breitenbeck

3 steers av 853 at $5; to Bresnahan 3

heifers av 647 at $5.50; to Mich. B. Co.

1 cow weighing 1180 at $5, 1 do weigh-

ing 1220 at $6. 4 do av 1087 at $5.50; to

Sullivan P. Co. 3 cows av 1227 at $6; to

Hammond, S. 6: Co. 4 heifers av 810

at $7. .



Roe Com. Co. sold Kull 1 cont weigh—

ing 740 at $4.75. 2 do av 800 at $5.50, 5

do av 888 at $5.35, 2 heifers av 685 at

$6.50, 2 COWS av 900 at $6; to Kendall 7

stockers av 671 at $6.25; to Goodwin 3

cows av 943 at $5, 1 do weighing 1000 at

$4.25; to Newton B. Co. 4 heifers av 760

at $6.50; to Goose 9 butchers av 501 at

$5.25; to Nancy 3 cows av 863 at $4.25;

to Kamman B. Co. 21 steers av 828 at

$6.60, 1 do weighing 840 at $7.25; to

Bresnahan 2 canners av 870 at $3.50, 4

do av 705 at $4, 9 butchers av 566 at

$5.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 3 do av 740 at

$5.75, 1 cow weighing 1180 at $4.25; to

Mich. B. Co. 11 steers av 1275 at $8, 1

bull weighing 1700 at $6.75, 10 steers av

1146 at $8, 2 do av 915 at $7; to Nancy

7 bulls av 601 at $5.25; to Newton B. Co.

2 cows av 875 at $4, 4 do av 990 at $6.25;

to Sullivan P. CO. 1 bull weighing 1020

at $6.25, 1 cow weighing 960 at $5, 2

steers av 940 at $7.25, 2 cows av 1245

at $6.10.



'Spicer & R. sold Boyer 5 stockers av

454 at $5.75; to Kull 2 cows av 910 at

$5.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 3 butchers

av 716 at $6.60, 1 bull weighing 1120 at

$6.60, 4 butchers av 1005 at $7, 1 heifer

weighing 730 at $6, 3 steers av 970 at

$7. 2 do av 570 at $6; to Bray 1 do

weighing 660 at $6; to Nancy 6 cows av

861 at $4.25: to Sullivan P. Co. 7 butch-

ers av 764 at $6. 3 cows av 880 at $4.75.

6 do av 970 at $5.25; to Boyer 7 stockers





_ av 367 at $5.75, 1 bull weighing 750 at

$5.50.





Veal Calves.





Receipts, 856. Market 25c lower than

Wednesday. Best, $10; others, $6@9.50.



Spicer & R. sold Ronlck 11 av 145 at

$9.15; to Goose 21 av 150 at $9.30; to

Burnstlne 1 weighing 110 at $8, 3 av 160

at $10, 4 av 150 at $10. 15 av 155 at $10:

to Applebaum 7 av 250 at $6.50, 10 av

188 at $9; to Parker, W. & Co. 1 Weigh-

ing 270 at $7, 8 av 160 at $10; to Mich.

B. Co. 3 av 160 at $7. 14 av 150 at $9;





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





to Sullivan P. Co. 10 av 175 at $5. 15 av

145 at $7.25.- , ,



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 11

av 160 at $9.50, 14 av 150 at $9.50, 5-av

165 at $7, 5 av 165 at $10; to Mich. B.

Co. 6 av 120 at $9; to Barlage 3 av 140

at $8, 9 av 145 at $10; to Mich. B. Co.

6 av 155 at $10, 13 av 160 at $10.



Sandall sold Parker, W. & Co. 24 av

185 at $7.75.



Sandall sold Kull 7 av 145 at $9.50.



Haley & M. sold Goose 2 av 200 at

$7.25, 8 av 155 at $10; to Parker, W. &

Co. 10 av 162 at $9.75, 15 av 150 at $9.50,

18 av 140 at $10; to Newton B, Co. 13

av 160 at. $10, 9 av 150 at $9.50; to Mc-

Guire 6 av 160 at $9.75.



Waterman sold Newton B. Co. 13 av

175 at $9.75.

$ Weeks sold Rattkowsky 10 av 150 at

9. 5.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Bumstine 7 av

165 at $10.25, 6 .av 160 at $10; to Parker,

1V. & Co. 16 av 155 at $10, 19 av 160 at

$10, 20 av 145 at $9.25, 18 av 150 at $8.50,

6 av 190 at $7; to Goose 4 av 140 at

$10.25; to Applebaum 17 av 145 at $8.50;

to Thompson Bros. 17 av 150 at $10, 3

av 125 at $8.50, 3 av 165 at $9.50, 2 av

250 av $7.50; to McGuire 6 av 175 at

$9.50, 3 av 130 at $8, 14 av 160 at $10; to

Mich. B. Co. 11 av 145 at $9.75.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts, 887. Market strong at Wed-

nesday’s or last week's prices; quality

very common. Best lambs, $7.50@8; fair

lambs, $5.50@6; light to common lambs.

$4.50@5; yearlings, $4@6; fair to good

sheep, $3.50@4; culls and common, $2

(132.50; heavy fat ewes, $3.25@3.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Varso 18 lambs

av 68 at $8; to Sullivan P. Co. 30 do av

67 at $7.75, 4 sheep av 130 at $3.50, 6 do

av 88 at $5, 5 do av~155 at $2.75, 11 do av

70 at $4; to Thompson Bros. 22 lambs av

70 at $7.25; to Hammond, S. & C0. 14

do av 67 at $7.75, 28 do av 70 at $7.75.



Haley & M. sold Hammond. S. & Co.

11 lambs av 70 at $7.75; to Sullivan P.

Co. 12 yearlings av 85 at $6, 50 lambs av

58 at $7.25; to Newton B. Co. 17 do av

55 at $7.50, 16 yearlings av 90 at $5.





Sandall sold Sullivan 1’. Co. 12 sheep

av 90 at $4.

Spicer & R. sold Newton B. Co. 6





yearlings av 105 at $5, 38 lambs av 70

at $7.50, 4 do av 50 at $7; to Sullivan P.

Co. 41 do av 65 at $7.25; to Mich. B. Co.

42 do av 68 at $7.50.





Hogs.

Receipts, 3108. None sold up to noon;

DTOFI)eCtS 150 higher than on Wednesday.

Range of prices: Light to good butch-

91.4 $9; pigs, 89; light yorkers, $9; stags

one—third off.





Friday’s Market.

July 4, 1913.

Cattle.





Receipts this week, 868; last week,

2086. Market very dull at Thursday’s

prices; quality common. Best dry-fed

steers and heifers, $8; steers and heifers,

1000 to 1200, $7.75@7.90; do. 800 to 1000,

$7.50@7.75; grass steers and heifers that

are fat, 800 to 1000, $7.50@7.75; do. 500

to 700, $6@6.50; choice fat cows, $6; good





do., $5.50@5.75; common cows, $4.50@5;

canners, $3.50@4; choice heavy bulls,





$6.50; fair to good bologna bulls, $5,506,116;

stock bulls, $4.50@5.25; choice feeding

steers, 800 to 1000, $6.50@6.75; fair do.,

800 to 1000, $6@6.50; choice stockers, 500

to 700, $6@6.50; fair do., 500 to 700, $5.50

@575; stock heifers, $5@5.50; milkers,

large, young, medium age, $55@65; com-





mon do., $35@45.

Veal Calves.

Receipts this week, 885; last week,





1291; market steady at Thursday's close.

Best, $9.50; others, $6@8.50.

Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week, 1108; last week,

1944; market steady; run very light: qual-

ity common. lest lambs, $7.50@7.75; fair

lambs, $6@7; light to common lambs,

$4.75@5.25; yearlings, $5@6; fair to good

sheep, $3.50@4; culls and common, $26423.

Hogs.

week, 3538; last week,

5822. Market steady at Thursday's

prlces. Range of prices: Light to good

butchers, $9; pigs, $9; light yorkers, $9;

stags one-third off. *





Receipts this





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





The United States still has the largest

numbers of food animals of any country

in the world, although several countries

have far more sheep, including Austrial-

is, Russia and Argentina. The only

country having more cattle than this

country is India. It is probable that

there are ten times as many pure-bred

Hereford cattle in the United States as

in England, although England is still

shipping many Hereford breeders to sev-

eral South American countries, including

both males and females. \Vhile the total

value of meat products and food animals

exported from the United States the fis-

cal year just closed will foot up only

about $150,000,000. compared With $250.-

000,000 in 1906, this reduced total far ex-

ceeds that of any other country. Meat

and food animals exported from Argen-

tina in 191.2 aggregated only about $67,-

000,000 in value. Six countries, compris-

ing the United States, Argentina, Aus-

tralia, New Zealand, Canada and Uruguay

are the chief meat exporting countries,

of the world. Our meat exports are not

only larger than those of any other coun-

try, but actually exceed the aggregate

exports of our five principal rivals.



The situation in the hog and provision

markets is very bullish. with much small-

er supplies of provisions in western mar—

kets than usual at this season of the

year and mall receipts of hogs at pack-

ing points after every considerable break

in prices. Stocks of lard and hog meats

are gaining in volume. but the increase

is by no means what it has been at cor-

responding periods in former years. As

is customary at this time of the year.

the quality of the hogs going to market

is averaging poorer than it has been.

with increasing offerings of big, heavy





A widening out in values may

be expected from now on. Total hog re-

ceipts in all markets this year show a

heavy falling off compared with the cor-

responding period last year, and ex-

tremely high prices seem to be assured

for a long time to come.



Strange to say, New Zealanders have

been purchasing dairy cattle in VViscon-

sin for shipping to that remote part of

the globe, taking what suits them at al-

most any price. '.l‘hat country is greatly

in need of dairy cattle, and Holstein cows

are especially wanted. There is also an

excellent demand in the Chicago market

for choice dairy cattle to ship to the

weStern mountain regions of the United

States. and several car loads have been

Sent that way within a short time. It

is no easy matter finding high—class Hol-

steins, Shorthorns or other breeds, and

sales are made at $100@125 per head for

ah? few prime cows offered on the mar-

e .



The United States army is reported as

short at least 1,000 horse3. The quarter-

master corps is trying to meet the re-

quirements by establishing breeding sta-

tions on lndinn reservations, and Major

R, G. Paxton has organized the. first of

these at the Cheyenne agency in South

Dakota.



D. \l'. Holtslaw, an extensive stock-

man of Iowa, gives the following advice

regarding shipping hogs in hot weather:

“Don’t overload. I have been shipping

hogs for more than 40 years, and I have

never known of so many hogs dying in

transit as this summer, but my hogs have

not died. Before loading 1 clean the car.





old sows.





bed with sand only, wetting it well. The?"





I fill~eight bags with 50 pounds of ice

each. and adjust them to the cross bars

in the top of each car. This cools the

air and keeps the hogs cool until they

arrive in the stock yards. By so doing

you will have no dead hogs.”





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





 





Lapeer Co., July 7.——Rain nearly every

day since July commenced; decidedly

cooler today; some haying done last week

but cultivating corn, beans and potatoes

was the general order of business. Corn

in general not up-to-date in size and for-

wardness. Lots of potato bugs to deal

with; cats well headed and booming;

wheat turning quite fast. Lots of pota-

toes put in late this season, some as late

as June. 29; also beans. Hay crop aver-

ages light this year. Lots of wool in the

hands of farmers yet. Hogs and sheep

have been sold off freely. Raspbcries and

blackberries about the only berries this

season, late frost cut strawberries, cur-





rants, etc. Apples and plums dropping

off badly. Eggs, 22c; butter, 22c; old po- 1

tatoes, 20c. ‘





Washtenaw Co., June 29.——A week of:





high temperature ended. The thermom-

eter has rengtered from 90 to 104 dogs.

for the entire week; this, for June, is

“going some." With the exception of





for six weeks and no signs of any im-

provement. ()ats and old meadows have

suffered. I hardly think oats will make

more than 50 per cent of a crop.

that was gotten in in good

well cultivated is doing well

and much of it is uneven.

be in full swing about July'l.

for about a 75 per cent crop.

scarce and much

in good demand.

according to quality. in fact

nothing cheap but potatoes.

Berrien Co., July 2.——llarvcst bcgan this

week and a very light crop.

damaged wheat to a great extent. Along

with the winter damage wheat will not

average over 12 bushels per acre in this

county. Corn is very small and back-

ward, some fields only been cultivated

once over. Hay is below the. average in

quality and quantity. Stock of all kinds

generally in good condition. Hogs and

cattle are scarce. Blight is affecting

the pear and apple orchards and apples

are falling badly. Huckleberry marshes

promise a full crop. Butter, 22c; eggs,

20c; butter-fat, 290; corn, 55c; wheat,

best red, 85c. It has been exceedingly

hot for the past ten days, 90 to 100 in

the shade, and no rainfall.





one small shower there has been no ralnf





Corn

shape and

but small





Prospects j

_ . Hogs are

inquired after. Cows 1





there is _





Indiana.

Laporte Co., July 5.—Very dry, sultry

and hot the last two weeks. Nlei'cury

102 in the shade with but little wind. llu-





manity and horses suffered with the op-

press1ve heat. Light rain this

but it soon vanished by

“rheat good generally,

growing fast. potatoes poor prospect,

grass light, clover poor. Corn acreage

above average and prospects good; stock

doing well; cows shrinking some owing

to_ extreme heat. Buticr, 3062350 for

giairly and creamcry here. XVater picn-

u.





the hot sun.

outs light. corn





V





x





 





Haying will '





Prices from $50631“). '





The fly has .





morning, .





 





4





g





1





Th R SILO





Hal stood the test. It is thoroughly

tured complete “with doors on hinges. Hoops

bent to ills the silo. Refrigerator type of door.

and other features explained in catalog.

Furnished in , 7’

Long Leaf Yellow Pme

and Oregon Fir A

Backedjby 63 years' experience. Special prices to

neighborhood clubs. Made and guaranteed by

The E. W. Rosa Co., Box 14 Springfield, 0.





The PER FECT

BORN HARVESTER





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





Works in any

kind of soil. Cuts

stalks—doesn't pull like .

other cutters. ABSOLUTELY no DANG“

Cuts Four to Seven Acres a Day

with one man and one horse. Here is what one





farmer says: _, , , _ ..

‘ Weldon. Iowa, Sept. 25, 1911.



Dear Sire—Your Corn Harvester was received and

have cut fifty acres with it; it works good.



Yours. . E. KNAPP.

SOLD DIRECT TO THE PARKER



Send for booklet and circulars tellln all about

this labor-saving machine; also canto nlng testi-

monials of many users. Semi for this circular

matter today.



LOVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY,

1225 Clilzons Street. Lincoln. Illinois.





ALFALFA





f AMERICAN NORTHERN GROWN





. Guaranterdtobo 99* pure and tree from doddor.

Write for sample on which we invite you to 29!

Government tests. We do not handle Turkestan

"Dwarf Alfalfa” or cheap inferior European seed.

. We refuse to handle anything but the very best.

Experiment Stations agree that American Seed ex-

cels all other. Our seed should produce buy at. 060

per acre annually. Write for catalog and folder

which contains valuable information that you

should know about. We are sure it will interest you





GRAIN MID GRASS SEEIl





i Northern grown and of strongest vitality. We

' handle export grade only and can furnish grass

. mixture suitable for any soils. Write for catalog.





WING SEED 00., Box 242 Mechanlosburu. O.





HAY CAPS





Stack; implement, wagon and farm

covers. Waterproof or plain canvas

Plant-bed cloth; water-proof sheet-

ing; canvas goods. ' '





 





 





 





 





 





 





4





 





HENRY DERBY

453 W, St. Paul: Ava, Depl. X, Jersey clly, II. J.





 





 





 





 





 





 





WEWamulvtsmw





_ We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal advanceme is and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiirey's Sons Co.





PITTSBURG. PA.





 





w “£1“ Trust f‘ , ,, or anybuk in City



H Av Ship your earload lots to us,

THE E. L. RICHMOND 00



Detroit. - Michigan. "



BIISEus—Goldon Seal and Pink Root for planting. at whole-





. sale prices with 'book‘ot instruction]. Write me

before buying. J. W. SEARS, P. 0. Box 563, Somerset, Ky.





Illlio cedar Fence Posls_.





Ilchlgn

GEO E M. CHANDLER. Onaway. Mich.





FA R M E R 8‘33073 stroll: Market for





new-laid ecu-hipped direct to us by oxprou. Write us

full-formation. It will all 'cn. Amer-lean Butter

”Cheese Co» 31-33 G ’01:! 8t.. Detroitilflch.





 





 





 





aylng 50 above the





 





 





‘- Pulvcrized Lime Rock





l . We can (311;; in cog/long lots in two days after order

)3 receive . rom_ us egon and Be t .

Write for prices direct. to you. n on Harbor





LAKE SHORE STONE 00.. Milwaukee. Vlls.





Shop First in the

Michigan Farmer.





Before buying anything of importance.

; whether by mail or at your local stores,

l check up the article with those of similar

‘ nature advertised in the Michigan Farm-

3 er. This will help you to make an in-

‘ telligent comparison, and to determine

9 which one Will most likely best serve your

l particular purpose.





sKUNK FAR"ING"§:§°F§°&T§I°

grammars .l"a.§r"*m'r~W:-’

mines "in resume 00.. 22533.3:3‘133:
40—20





l





muumlmmnnmnnnnmunmnnnnunmmmnmmnmnmmmmunmmmmnmmmm





 





The John Deere

Spreader has

Revolutionized the

Spreader Business.

Here are Some of

the Reasons:





 





 





 





HEATER and all its driving

parts are mounted on the

rear axle. Power to drive it

is taken from the rear axle

through simple gears like

those that have been used

on horse-powers for many

years. This construction is



atented. You cannot get

t on any other spreader.





ONLY HIP-HIGH, easy to

load. The top or the box is

onl as high as your hips.

Bach forkful of manure is

placed just where it is need-

ed. You can always see into

the spreader.



rsw PARTS. Clutches,

chains and adjustments-—

in fact some two hundred

parts in au-are entirely

done away with. To throw

the machine into operation,

move the lever at the driver’s

right back until the finger

engages a large stop at the

rear of the machine.



ROLLER BEARINGS togeth-



er with the simplicity of the



machine itself, make the



John Deere Spreader light



draft. There are many more



reasons that have helped to

make the demand for John



Deere Spreaders greater than



all those interested in the



spreader business thought

ossible. These features are

ully discussed in our

spreader book. You can

get it free.





HnfllflflmflflflmfllmmlflmflmmmmIlllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllflllllllflllllllllllllIlllllillllflllllllflllllllllfllfllllllllllllllllllIllllllllfllllllllllllllTllll[llllllllllllllll'llllllllllllllllifllllllllllllllllllllllllllilfllflllflllllllllllllllllllmllfllfl nnnmnrmn





 

 





”-





llllllllllllIllllllllllllllllll[IlIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 

 

 

 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





John Deere Spreader





, The Spreader with the Beater on the Axle





 





   





‘.\'i

‘ \hr .





 

 

 





 





If?!





l

)1





 





/ l" , ”will” 1 :—

i". ill mill” ml,

‘-""“"“ Tm;

Qé-rmlkklt‘?





‘ sl‘





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





 





 

   





M





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KD

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(l;;'/:

’.





The Low Down Spreader with





the Big Drive Wheels





What You Want

Here’s your chance to get exactly what you

want in a manure spreader.

One that is easy to load, light for our

horses free from constant repairing, an one

that will last as long as you thll’lk it ought to.





What You Get

With a John Deere you get a low-down

spreader in which the advantage of big drive

wheels is not sacrificed for the low down feature.

You get a spreader that is easy for your

horses because it has these big drive wheels,

together with roller bearings, few parts, the

center of the load comparatively near the horses

and evenly distributed over all four wheels.

No clutches to get out of order, no chains

to give trouble, no adjustments necessary._

Built with steel frame, securely braced, like

modern railway bridges—strong and durable.





Why You Get These Things



Mounting the beater on the axle makes all

these things possible in the John Deere

Spreader.



It does away with some two hundred trouble-

giving parts. It makes the spreader low down.

It permits the use of big drive wheels. It does

away with clutches, chains and adjustments.

It puts all the strain and stress of spreading on

the rear axle, where it belongs, not on the Sides





and frame of the spreader.

..... It does a lot of other good things, too. They are fully





a“... ww illustrated and described in our new spreader book.

“I





Get this Spreader Book





It tells how the John Deere Spreader is made and why it

is made that way. It contains illustrations of the work-

ing parts and colored pictures of the John Deere Spreader in

the field. It also has valuable information in regard to star-

ing, handling and applying manure to the land.



Get one of these books free, by asking us for our



spreader book, Y 5





thn Deere Plow Co., Moline, Illinois





fill|llIlllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllll||llllllllllllllllll|llllillll|llllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll[IllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllIlll|llllllll|||I||llllllllllllIlllllllllllllllll





 





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////’ ---- "’///////

(IQ. SIMMONS





xx KEEN '

KUTTER





 

 

 





Bnath

No. K50

Prico$1-0°





 





 





 

 

 





 





«A





F





l





 

 

 





Trade Mark Registered.





St. Louis

Philadelphia Toledo





Wichita





are made of the highest grade materials by expert workmen. Now's the





time to buy Keen Kutter scythes and potato hooks. _

in town go to your dealer and handle these tools—their balance—





their “hang"——will surely convince you that Keen Kutter tools are ,

time, labor and money savers. , .

"The Recollection of Quality Remairu' «





Long After the Price is Forgotten.”

-E. C. SIMMONS.





SIMMONS HARDWARE CO., Inc.

New York





eapolis Sioux City





Scythe No. 19930





J

—

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Your money





back if not

perfect





That’s the unqualified guarantee you get

when you buy any tool bearing the famous

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If it isn't just right—if it doesn’t satisfy





 





you in every detail—take it back to your dealer and

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KEEN KUTTEK





Quality Tools





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gill!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllIlllllllllllllllllllmlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg





PraCtical





JULY 12, 1913.





 





Science.





E





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIlllIlll|lllllIllll|IlllllllllllI|lllI]lllIlllllllllIllilllllllHIlllllIlllllllllllllllllllIll]llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi





WASTE 0F FARM MANU‘RES.

-_‘ (Continued).

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

Importance of Stable Floor.



The step following in importance the

selection of the proper absorbent in the

stable in preventing the waste of farm

manures is the kind of floor used in the

stable. Of course, the stable floor should

be of material which does not easily ab-

sorb the soluble portions of the manure.

About the only experiments that have

come to our notice is the experiment. con-

ducted by the Ohio station some time ago,

in which four steers were kept on an

earthen floor and an equal number on

a cement floor. The total amount of ex-

crement in each case showed the consid-

erable advantage in the use of the ce-

ment floor and, as might be expected,

principally in the nitrogen content of the

manure. The soluble nitrogen compounds

being the most readily available of any

were found to be at the same time most

readily absorbed by the earth and conse-

quently could not be of use subsequently

upon the field.



Cement vs. Ground.



The total approximate value of the ma-

nure from the steers fed upon the oc-

ment floor was $50 above that from the

steers fed on the earthen floor, and this

value consisted very largely in the in-

creaSed retention of the nitrogen from

the liquid manure.



The Prevailing Way of Wasting Manures.



One very common way in which the

value of barnyard manure is wasted is to

throw the daily acoumulation into apile

outside the barn and give it no further

attention until a large quantity has no-

cumulated, making it economical, as the

farmer thinks, for him to take a, day off

drawing the manure to the field. It is

the consensus of opinion that the great-

est conServation of the valuable constitu-

ents in manures is occasioned by the al-

most immediate transferring of the ma-

nure to the field on ‘which it is intended

to be placed. In this way it does not

matter if the soil does take. up the solu-

ble ingredients because it is then ac-

complishing exactly what was intended.

But perhaps the very poorest measures

are those which We have just described





above, whereby the manure heaps up in





a. stack outside the barn and without any

attention whatsoever, it usually becomes

heated and fire-killed throughout the en-

tire core, thus making the product almost

valueless as a fertilizer.





Composting the Manure.



Almost equally as good results -nay be

obtained in the conservation of manures

by carefully composting the daily waste.

This requires some little attention to get

the compost properly started but when

once it is definitely planned and started

it is just as easy to prepare the manure

in this way as it is to allow some of the

shiftless methods such as we have de-

scribed above.



In composting manures it is :1 good

idea to mix from time to time dry earth

with the manure, spreading it out over

a considerable surface. In this way the

earth will absorb the soluble constituents

from the manure and because the ma-

nure is intermingled witlh a considerable

amount of earth, the fire-killing or heat—

ing will not take place but a general rc-

duction of the manure, or rotting, will

occur so that if it is desired to spread

this upon the land at any particular time

in the year the manure, if prepared in

this way, will keep almost indeed Without

losing any of its valuable properties. This

plan requires a little more foresight than

most other plans but an effort of this

kind is by no means idly placed.





The Way to Plan the Compost Heap.



It is a very good idea. to plan the com-

post bed according to the space it is de-

sired to fertilize. The farmer slhould plan

carefully what fields he expects to fer-

tilize and, in fact, this matter should be

planned quite awhile in advance. In this

way the comp0st may be properly pre-

pared and the compost bed divided into

sections for each field.



If there are four fields to fertilize, for

example, then the cempost bed may be

divided into four sections, or at least

this division kept in mind, so each field

will get the amount of manure to which

it is enttled. The usual method of draw-

ing out the manure and scattering it

over the land, thickly on some spots‘and





not any in others, is surely a hit and

miss method. There is seldom if ever

enough to go all over the place if this

plan is followed, Whereas if the needs of

each field are carefully studied before

hand and the compost bed is divided into

sections each field will get its share. After

all, the prevention of the waste of farm

manure iS- in a large measure, the triumph

of system.





 





FORAGE CROPS FOR SWINE.





In June, 1912, the Ohio Agricultural Ex-

periment Station published a. bulletin

dealing upon the practical phases of cer-

tain forage crops as supplementing corn

in the ration of swine. Mos-t grain and

succulent feeds contain considerable

quantities of mineral ingredients and also

show a large excess of bases over acids.

Not only this but in recent years the

high cost of grain feeds has made it

seem desirable to supplement these feeds

with others more economical and from

both points of view forage crops are in-

dicated. -



Showing Value of Sklm-Mllk and Clover.



In the first experiment the following

comparisons of feeds were made:



lst. Corn and skim-milk. 2nd. Corn

and green soy beans. 3rd. Corn alone.

41h. Corn on miXed pasture. 5th. Corn

on clover pasture.



The corn and skim-milk made the most

rapid gains. Corn and soy beans, and

corn on mixed pasture made equal gains,

but require. more com on the mixed pas-

ture than with the soy beans. The corn

on clover pasture indicated the very great

desirability of the use of clover in sup-

plementing corn where it can be had.



In the second experiment in addition to

the corn which was used in each lot, one

lot was fed clover forage; another rape;

a third, soy beans and bluegrass. Of

these lots, all of which made. remarkable

progress, due to the effect, no doubt, of

the green forage crops, it will be noted,

as the Ohio station remarks, that the

clover produced the most rapid gains,

and in addition to this the lot on clover

required less corn for the gain than did

those on any of the other forage crops.

Rape and soy beans were very similar in

their effect and both proved better than

bluegrass. It? should be noted in [his

connection, as the Ohio station states,

that perhaps the blue grass was not at

its highest efficiency, due to a, poor

growth that particular season.





Tankage with Corn in the Ration.



In experiment three the pigs were di-

vided as follows: The first lot were fed

corn and tankuge in the dry lot; the

second were fed corn, tankage and al-

lowed to run on soy bean pasture. The

third were fed corn, tankage, and allowed

to run on rape pasture; and the fourth

were fed corn alone but were allowed to

forage on rape pasture.



The results of this test indicated that}

corn alone is almost as good when used

with the rape pasture as is corn mixed

with tunkage. “There seemed to be more

growth with the lot fed with corn and

tanknge than with the lot fed corn alone,

but the rate of gain and the amount of

feed required for a given gain did not

show that the corn and tankage mixture

was much more efficient than was com

alone.”



In experiment number four, two lots

were experimented with. One lot was

fed a grain ration of corn, nine parts,

and tankage, one part; the other lot was

fed 10 parts corn and one part tankage.

In addition to this both lots were allowed

to forage on mixture: pasture, which pas-





»ture, however, was not very abundant





and was kept grazed down very closely.

Both lots made very satisfactory gains.

“The difference in the rate of gains and

in the amount of concentrates required

for a given gain by the two lots was

small. The lot‘ fed the larger proportion

of tankage made slightly larger gains and

required slightly less feed per 100 pounds

grin than did the lot fed the ration con-

sisting of corn, 19 parts; tankage, one

part. Although the ration consisting of

corn, nine part; tankage one part, was

slightly more efficient in producing gains

in this test, than the one carrying the

smaller proportion of tankage, the. differ-

ence shOWn is small, and theSe results

should be verified by more work along

this line before they are accepted as con-

clusive evidence of the relative efficiency

of the two rations.”





 





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' JULY 12, ”1913.





g"lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllmlllllllflmullmfllmlmflmmnfllflllllllmmmmmm

‘ - o ‘ ,

s V etcrmary.

- Ell"llllllmllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllmmllllmlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR. V. S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a. fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter. ‘





Ill!





Illllllllllllllllllllllll





Abnormal Appetite—Vic have two cows

running in clover forenoon and in or-

chard afternOOn. These cows seem to

have a great appetite for dirty bones.

V. E. 3., Grand Blanc, Mich—Give your

cows 1 oz. ground gentian, 1 oz, bicar-

bonate soda and 1 oz. powdered charcoal

gt a dose in feed two or three times a



ay. '



Lump-jaw.—Being a subscriber of your

paper I have been watching the veteri-

nary column for a reply to a similar

question. Failing to find any, .I am writ-

ing you to know what can be done for a

cow that has a growth on right jaw. E.

R., Holland, Mich—Clip hair off bunch

and apply one part red iodide mercury

and eight parts cerate of cantharides to

bunch every day or two. Give her 2 drs.

potassium iodide at a dose two or three

times a day.



Bursal Swelling—I have a yearling colt

that has a soft puffy swelling on hock

joint which I would like to have remov-

ed. G. L., Tower, Mich—Apply one part

iodine and ten parts fresh lard to bunch

every two days.



Fistula of Withers—For the past 12

months my mare has been troubled with

fistula of withers. I have succeeded in

healing it several times, but it soon

breaks out again. I have injected cop-

peras water into tumor, but it fails to

effect a cure. S. D. G., Elijah, M0.—I

am a believer in doing the right sort of

surgical work on such cases; however,

you will obtain very good results by ap-

plying the bacterin treatment which is

administered hypodermically and this

work had better be done by a Vet. You

will obtain fairly good results by catching

a half ounce of pus from bottom of cav-

ity and placing it in 6 ozs. of clean wat-

er, then place 1 oz. of this solution in the

animal’s mouth and wash out wound with

salt and water, made by dissolving 2 ozs.

of salt in a gallon of water. In a week

or ten days or perhaps two weeks, you

had better give a second dose of the pus

and water mixture. The wound should

be washed out twice a day.



Wound on Shin—I have been much in-

terested by reading the veterinary column

of the Michigan Farmer for the past ten

years and would like to have you tell me

what will heal a. wound that fills with

proud flesh, which is located on shin of

horse. E, G.. Stanwood, Mich—Apply

equal parts of powdered alum, oxide of

zinc, boracic acid and iodot‘orm, covering

sore with a. little oakum and cheesecloth

bandage. It will perhaps be necessary

to burn fungus with a red hot iron ev-

ery two or three days; or apply burnt

alum. '



Horse Pants Badly—Have a five—year—

old horse that pants badly when working

during the heat Of day. XV. S. H., Ray,

Ind—Feed less bulky food and give him

a tablespoonful of tincture of .arnica and

a tablespoonful of sweet spirits of nitre

at a dose three or four times a. day.



Injured Stifle.—-Our four-year-old mare

was kicked on stifle joint a week ago

today and on date of injury it was hard

to 10cate the trouble for there was no

wound. There appears to be some swell-

ing below Stifle, but none above, and I

might mention that she must suffer pain

for she holds leg up. G. W. 8., Lyons,

Mich—Apply one part gum camphor and

ten parts alcohol to sore parts three

times a day.



Cow—pox.—I have two cows that have

a breaking out on bag, little yellow fes-

ters appear. some as large as the end of

finger are scattered over udder and these

sores must pain them some for they are

fidgety and uneasy about being milked.

J. V. B., Linden. Mich—Give your cows

each a dessertspoonful of powdered ni-

trate of potash at a dose in feed two or

three times a day and apply one part

oxide of zinc and three parts vaseline to

sores and sore parts once a day. An-

other inexpensive solution that has given

me splendid results is made by dissolv—

lng 4 ozs. of hypo—sulphite soda in a gal-

lon of water and wash the udder five or

six times a day. This solution will usu-

ally check and destroy the infection. Of

course, it is needless for me to say that

this disease is readily communicated from

one animal to another, if the milker is

careless.



Drying up Milk Flow—I have a couple

of hundred beef bred cows here that have

produced 29 calves to date and probably

will have as many more. I expect to

move these calves off the ranch, taking

them off the cows to do so, as soon as

they are a good weight veals and then

would want to dry the cows up as quick-

ly and econOmically as possible, not car-

mg to save their udders for next year's

use. Wishing to do it this way so as to

get all the flesh onto them that I can

before shipping out in the fall, and want

to ask you to advise through the columns

of your valuable paper. to which I have

been a Subscriber for over 20 years. Is

there not some drug or solution I can

apply to their udders to assist. in pro-

duclng quick results? C. S. B., Gladwin,

Mich—Cutting down their food supply

for a few days and applying strong cam-





 





'THElMCHIGAN





_phorated oil to udders will have a ten-

dencyto lessen their milk yield, but it

is bad practice to shock the system with

drugs. Giving camphor inwardly or prep-

arations of iodine or applying strong coun-

ter-irritating liniment to udder check





'the milk flow; however, it is bad prac-





tice and I believe you should treat your

cows by dieting them.





 





(Continued from page 28).



lature would probably be called this com-

ing winter, Gov. Ferris has announced

there will be none unless some emer-

gency requires it.



Icemen of Saginaw are demanding an

increase of wages and unless the firms

grant the demand a strike is threatened.





Foreign.





General Armando Riva, chief of the

national police of Cuba, was shot and

mortally wounded during a pistol fight

last Monday evening in the most crowd—

ed portion of Prado, Havana. The shoot-

ing is claimed to have been done by Gov.

Asbert of the province of Havana, whom

General Riva and his men had previously

caught, with others, indulging in gamb—

ling, at one of the political clubs of the

city.



While only meager reports reach the

outside world of the war between the

Bulgarians on one side and the Greeks

and Servians on the other, enough has

been learned to indicate the fierce nature

of the engagements. Reports are contra-

dictory but there is general confirmation

of the news that the past week has been

favorable to the Bulgarians. They have

taken Vrania, which commands positions

threatening the Servians' line of retreat.

The Bulgarians are also reported as hav-

ing put the Greek army of 80 000 under

King Constantine, to rout, and occupied

Nigrita and other points on the Greek

line.



ANOTHER VIEW OF THE LIVE STOCK

SITUATION. .





 





A great agricultural paper like the

Michigan Farmer should be capable of

doing great good to the cause. To be of

use, it must get the readers’ confidence.

To get and hold their confidence, it must

give them the truth. To get the truth,

writers must be unprejudiced,



Take, for example, “The Live Stock

Situation.” by N. A. ClilDD, in your issue

of June 28, Mr. Clnpp says: “The farmer

should keep the calves to maturity; that

the demand has overtaken the supply;

that the tariff is about to be tinkered to

his detriment, etc." -



The- amount of stock to be raised in

our State is limited to the amount of

feed which can be produced. and the

amount of feed is limited by the amount

of labor the farmer can do, as stock must

be fed six months in our state. The farm

labor is limited to what the farmer can

do himself, as there is more fun in town

than on the farm.



The farmer can raise three $2.5 calves

on one cow through the summer without

any labor except to raise feed to winter

one cow, and then get butter enough

through the winter to pay her keep.



If he had kept three calves on the

same amount of feed, they would all

have died of starvation. If he had bought

the feed for them, they would not give

a profit. The farmer can produce more

pounds of veal than he can of beef.



Mr. Clapp says that under the new pro-

posed tariff the farmer is brought into

competition with the cheap meats of A118—

tralia and South America. Now, let us

see if we have not always been in com-

petition with them, without any protec—

tion except in print. We have been sell-

ing meat in Europe. If we stop, meal:

will go up in Europe. If it goes up in

Europe and down here, why would Aus-

tralia and. Scuth America send moat here

instead of the Canadian roads, would do

Americans eat cheap Australian meat. it

will leave us good meat to ship to Eu-

rope. Ocean freight is very little. It is

the same with Canadian wheat. If Can-

ada sends us 200,000,000 bushels of wheat

free of tariff, they can not send it to

Europe, but we can send an equal amount

to Europe. The only difference that I

can see is that the American railroads,

instead ofthe Canadian roads, would do

most of the hauling. How are we pro-

tected by a tariff when we have been

selling in competition with South Amer-

ica and Australia all the time?



Now, We farmers have not been getting

protection on wheat, meat, etc., nor do

we ask any. All we want is a Square

deal. Take our protection out of print

so that we will all know that we have

not had any.



It would seem that we might be pro.

tectcd on sugar and wool. as we do not

sell in other countries, but we know that

such is not the case. The price of wool

seems to be fixed here by our manufac-

turers. just high enough so we could not

ship it to Europe.





Cass C0. JOHN FINLEY.





A VALUABLE REFERENCE.





 





 





In connection with the veterinary ad—

vice given in the Michigan Farmer, every

reader can Use to excellent advantage one

of the Michigan Farmer Anatomical

Charts. This chart illustrates the horse,

cow, sheep, hog and fowl, the perfect

animal, the bones, the muscles, the blood

system and the internal organs, also giv-

ing the name and location of each bone,

muscle, and vital organ. Dr. Fair, our

veterinarian, recommends the use of this

chart and believes it will help you great-

ly to make your questions better under-

stood and also enable you to better un-

derstand the answers. ,



This chart is only one of the features

of our six-page collection of charts which

also contain maps of Michigan, the Uni-

ted States and the world, and many other

valuable features. The entire collection

will be sent postpaid, for only 30c. The

Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich—Adv.





 





 





 





 





21—41





 





-h





 

 

 





Wflm .





ulnu





   





(I.





Illr

II'





The Concrete Milk House Is

Clean and Sanitary





You cannot keep your milk fresh and sweet in



an unsanitary milk house. Wooden floors and



walls become milk soaked; decaying wood



construction is a breeding place for germs.



Many health officials require concrete floors



in all milk houses. Build your milk house of -

concrete and use





Such a structure has no cracks or crevices to collect

dirt. It is cool in hot weather; warm in cold weather.

A concrete milk house is not difficult to construct, and

when completed requires no painting or repairs.





Universal Portland Cement is of uniform high quality-—

sound and durable.





Universal Portland Cement Co.





CHICAGO PITTSBURGH MINNEAPOLIS

72 West Adams Street Frlck Building Security Bank Building





Annual Output 12,00





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w Tile—Steel Reinforced





is fireproof, weather proof practically everlastin th

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THE IMPERISHABLE SILO





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It is written by authorities “£15.33 beefeaedsb;:(lj'ctri:ii?rmm:



Send far fru (0/5; today—as/éfar catalog _-1





NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY

HUN IINGTON. IND.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





":aHEAvn

32.. REMEDY





, CUR'ES .

'HEAVES ’1)“

Yonrllorse .. ‘ a





.Soul to-llay for l

0"!





Keeps flies and

other insect pests of!

of animals-In barn or

Mu re-longer than any im—

itation. Used and endorsed



since 1885 by leading dairy-

men and farmers.





$1 worm sms$20m





in milk and flesh on each

. sores,otopsitchin and 9‘

went: infection. Nothing better for galls. Kilgls “coil-id

miles in poultry houses.





SEND $1 W your dealer-can't supply ,03_ We'll

) send enough Shoo-Fly to protect





   





will cure any case or

money refunded





 

   

   





 





 





zoo com, :lso our 3-tube n l 'llMANENf



extra charge. Money buck git hoygtglrftzgyrhgfnget $1 chkage

EN"! Office-l 300““ FREE. Special terms to agents. 6 u R E cum ordlm an?"

Shoo-Hy Mfg. 0., Dept". 1310 ll. lilill sl.; Phila. ”W 0" “w" “W“





   

 





Editor knows from experience that Shoo-Fly is 0. K.





 





 





Mineral llama Beam 00-. 463 Fourth "9-1 'MSDIIMI. h-





 





HAIVESTER with Binder Attachment



cuts and throws in piles on harvester



or Winrow. Man and horse outs and



_ shocks equal with a corn Binder. Sold

in every state. Price $20. . W. H. BUXTON. of

Johnstqwn,0hlo. writes: “The Harvester has proven all

on claim for it: the Harvester saved me over $25.00 in



sbor last car a corn cutting. I cut over 500 shocks:



W1" make bushels corn-to a shock." Testimonials and

catalog free. showing pictures of harvester. Address

NEW PROCESS W0. 00.. SALIIA. KANSAS.





FOR SALE OR TRADE





(What you got.) Registered Percheron Stallion.

black. 1 )6 hands high. weighs 1830 lbs. This horse is

sound, cod style and a colt. getter. No use for him.

He ill make you Come nick.





 





 

 

   





 





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' od money.

The LII'QCII .nd BOSI Line 0' J. C. BUTLER. Port and. Michigan. Bell P one.





Road M achinery FOR SALE all: Belgian Stallion





. . Sound and right. in every way. Also a 3- year-old

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TlIE mnl warm in Ilcnlllm co., clllclao 2...... "was ntuifi'nll'a' R“. 35.3%:th
42—22





lllllllilllllllllllllllL





 





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THE MICHIGAN FARME'R





9‘ IllllIlllllllIllllllllllllllilllllllIllllllllIIIIlllllllllllilllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllllllillllllIlllllll|IlllIllllllllllIllllllilllillillllllllllliilllllllillllllllllllllIll|||lIllllllIllllillllllllllllllllllllllllMINNIE





Horticulture.





 





fillllillllillllllil|ll“IllllIIIlllllllllIlllIlllllllllfllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IlII|IlllllllllllllllIllilllIIllIllililllllIlllllllllllllllllllIIlllilllllIllliilll||ll||Illl|llllI[IllllIlll|Illllllllllllllllllllllfi





Cover Crops and SOil Building.





A common human fault is to start a

thing and then not finish it. Horticultur-

ally this is quite common, and most fre-

quently is the care of the orchard, soil

through the season an unfinished job. We

are likely to do our plowing and cultivat-

ing all right, and when the proper time

for ceasing the cultivation comes or when

the rush of other work comes We just

quit cultivating, and that is the last at-

tention we give the soil. The end of the

season’s work in soil care should be the

sowing of a cover crop. This is fully as

important as the rest of the work.



Humus is a most important factor in

soil fertility and plant growth. Without

it our soil would be a veritable bank of

sand or chunk of clay. It would be good

for building material, that is all—merely

dead dirt. Humus makes possible life in

the soil and produces conditions suitable

for the growth and well being of bene-

ficial soil bacteria. It is nothing perma-

nent but is constantly being used up, and

cultivation stimulates the using up of the

humus. Therefore more material for

humus must be supplied. There is no

more efficient or economical way of sup-

plying this material in the orchard than

through the use of cover crops.



Besides furnishing humus the cover

crop is an important factor in the ripen-

ing up of the wood of the trees. Cultiva-

tion encourages the wood growth but

something growing on the ground will

take away enough plant food and mois-

ture to check it and cause it to ripen up.

The ripening or hardening up of the

wood is very important. Trees not prop-

erly ripened will be susceptible to winter

injury and to the various diseases of

their kind. Such trees will not bear as

well and their buds will be more suscep-

tible to frost injury in spring than those

properly ripened. '



The cover crop will also keep the ground

covered in winter, and in many places

keep the ground from leaching. It will

often prevent winter injury to the roots

of the tree by furnishing this covering to

the ground.



The time to sow the cover crop depends

upon the season and the growth the

trees are making. If the seaSUn be wet

and one which is causing the trees to

make a large growth the crop which

should be put in not later than the mid-

dle of July. In dry years, these of little

wood growth, it is better that the culti-

vation-be continued until the first week

in August, and then the cover crop sown.



Everything from weeds to corn has

been used for cover crops but the clo-

vers, vetch oats and rye are the most

commOn and efl‘icient. Oats and vetch

make a, fine combination for the lighter

soils or any which lack greatly in humus.

Oats can also be used in combination with

any of the clovers. The kind of clover

depends upon the soil. The mammoth

and crimSOn seem to do better on the

loamy soils while the common red is the

best on the heavier lands. Crimson is

liable to freeZe out except in the south-

ern parts of the state.



Some groweits prefer to use a crop

which dies down with the frost, so the

ground will be easy to disk the next

spring. Canadian field peas are probably

the best legume for this purpose and oats

the best non—legume although buckwheat

is used considerably.



The practice of using such crops is not

to be recommended for soils which lack

humus or is the continual practice of it

on any soil advisable. There is a de-

cided advantage of turning under occa-

sionally live green vegetable matter.



If the trees are making too much

growth it is advisable to use the non-

legumes alone for a while as the legumes

tend to stimulate the wood growth. In

many cases a rotation of cover crops, us-

ing non-legumes part of the time and the

legumes part of the time, could be main-

tained which would keep the orchard in

good normal condition.



As a. matter of economy one might do

as some growers have done in leaving a

small strip of the cover crop unplowed in

the middle between the rows. When the

clover or vetch, whatever it might he.

goes to seed the entire ground can be

dragged and, in that way. reseeded from

that strip. This will save the cost of seed

and some time in seeding if the same

cover crop is going to be used as last





year. This is more practical in younger

orchards than in the old ones.



However, the cover crop is worth more

than it costs in time and money and

should not be neglected at any time.



Van Buren .Co. FRANK A. “Human.





 





 





THE CURE FOR THE STUNG PEACH.





_





A continual round of spraying is nec-

essary to produce good fruit and the

farmer who slights a single application

is losing money and reducing the value

of the work done earlier in the season.

Spraying yields a, larger profit for the

investment in labor and material than

any other operation on the farm. It

means the difference between a poor crop

with small returns and a yield of fine

quality fruit that will bring the best mar-

ket price. The great number of de-

structive insects and fungous diseases

make spraying a necessity and without

thorough methods of control, the com-

mercial orchardist faces a handicap that

will practically put him out of business.





There is a tendency among many peach

growers to regard the San Jose scale as

about the only pest that requires their

attention. The scale spraying is relig-

iously carried on every year, but after

the first application of strong lime-sul-

phur in the spring, many growers forget

the necessity of keeping up the good

work and the plum curculio and brown

rot carry on a campaign of profit de-

struction that is far reaching in its mag-

nitude. .



This article will attempt to show the

best method of control for the plum cur—

culio, which is doing considerable damage

in Michigan and the nearby states, and

yet has never been classed as dangerous

compared with its allied rival of de-

struction, the codling moth.



How the Curcullo Works.



The plum curculio is a snout beetle

and the adult averages about three-six-

teenths of an inch in length. There are

four stages in the growth of this pest,

the egg, larva, pupa, and adult, and the

first injury to the peach is caused by

the depositing of eggs by the adult fe-

male. This depositing of eggs under the

skin starts soon after the fruit is set

and may continue for an indefinite time,

depending on the season. A hole is made

through the skin as deep into the flesh

as the snout of the beetle will reach, and

the egg is then placed by means of the

ovipositor. It is then pushed down into

the fruit and the crescent shaped cut is

made. This slip prevents the eggs from

being injured during the rapid develop-

ment of the fruit. Seven or eight of

these incisions may be made on one

peach, and the result is a stunted spec-

imen, that is unfit for the market. When

the egg hatches, the larva eats into the

center of the fruit and the interior be-

comes filled with excrement. Most of

the fruit will fall from the tree if punc-

tured while very young, and the old fruit

will be covered with crescent-shaped

scars and round feeding punctures, which

make an easy inlet for infection from a

fungous disease such as the brown rot.

The exudation of gum not only spoils the

appearance of the stung peach, but the

'sticky material becomes smeared on the

unblemished fruit in the picking basket

and the value on the market is greatly

reduced.



The adult plum curculio spends the

winter in fences and orchard trash and

in the woods, when they are in close

proximity to the orchards. They come

out in the spring when the peach is

blooming and before the fruit is set they

will feed upon the young buds and

foliage.



Methods of Control.



In the past many kinds of curculio

catchers have been constructed to jar

the insects from the trees, whence they

are destroyed by burning. This is arath-

er slow and expensive method in a. large

orchard, as the trees must be jarred just

at sunrise and it takes some time to re-

move the curculio catcher from tree to

tree.



Spraying is the only good method of

control for this pest and experiments

have proven that the trees can be effi-

ciently protected by the use of arsenate





of lead with or without the self-boiled

lime-sulphur. If the brown rot is trou-

blesome, the two mixtures can be com-

bined and both the rot and the curculio

can be controlled with the one spraying.





If used without the self-boiled lime-sul- ‘





phur for a fungicide, when there are no

fungous diseases troubling the peaches,

the proportion should be one and one-

half pounds of arsenate of lead to 50

gallons of spray, and to this should be

added the milk of lime from three pounds

of good stone lime.



The self-boiled lime-sulphur is made of

eight pounds of fresh stone lime and

eight pounds of sulphur to 50 gallons of

water. The best results 'from the lime

made in the proportions of 32:32:200. The

lime should be placed in a barrel and

just covered with water. When it be-

gins to slake, add the sulphur, which has

been put through a sieve" to remove the

lumps, and stir continuously, adding wat-

er to keep a. thick paste. When it is all

slaked, water must be added to stop the

cooking and cool the mixture.



To control the curculio, one and one-

half pounds of arsenate of lead paste

should be added to every 50 gallons of

the self-boiled lime-Sulphur wash, and

as the mixture settles very rapidly, the

arsenate of lead should not be added un-

til the agitator is running in the spray

tank and the spraying is ready to begin.

Fine nozzles must be used and a uni-

form distribution of a fine mist-like

spray will give the best results.



An Example.



The writer has observed the following

experiment tried out and noted favorable

results in the quality of the peaches on

the sprayed plats compared with the

fruit that was left wholly unsprayed.

There were three plats of Elberta peaches

in the experiment and the following mix-

tures were applied at three different pe-

riods: Ten days after the petals fell,

the first plat was sprayed with arsenate

of lead and milk of lime, but the second

and third plats were not sprayed at all.

One month after the petals fell, the first

and second plats were sprayed with self-

boiled lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead,

while the third plat received only self-

boiled lime-Sulphur. One month before

the fruit ripened all of the plats were

sprayed with Self-boiled lime-suliphur,

but without any arsenate of lead. The

second plat, as will be noted from the

schedule, had no arsenate of lead except

in the spray which was put on one

month after the petals fell. The peaches

on this plat were a beautiful sight and

their color and unblemished skin caused

considerable thinking among the farmers

in the vicinity who had only sprayed

rtheir peaches for scale, thinking that the

San Jose was the'only pest in Michigan

that was worthy of their attention. The

fruit on the second plat was considered

by all observers to be full as clean as

the specimens on the other trees that had

received a larger number of applications

of the arsenate of lead.





rThe writer believes that one spraying

of arsenate of lead, with or without the

self-boiled lime-sulphur will control the

curculio and prevent much of the stung

fruit. The use of the fungicide of

course depends entirely on the preval-

ence of the brown rot in the orchards.

but if prevention is better than a cure,

it will not be unwise to keep after the

brown rot even though the damage may

seem small at the present time. This

application of the spray should be made

one month after the petals fall. The ar-

senate of lead also appeared to give a

better color to the fruit, and the Elber—

tas that were produced on the sprayed

plat had a blush that had never been

equalled in the history of peach growing

on that farm. The writer has worked on

a large commercial fruit farm that was

considered up-to-date in all its methods

and yet the stung peach was the bane of

the business, though the manager did

not seem to realize that the damage was

sufficient to make the work of spraying

worth while. Every year thousands of

bushels of peaches were sent to the mar-

ket containing many specimens of fruit

smeared with exudations. They in turn

helped to spoil the appearance of rthe

unblemished peaches, and the stock as

a Whole was greatly reduced in market

value. The fruit appeared sound to the

grower, as the scars seemed a small

matter, but when_it came to the propo-

sition of putting these specimens before

the high-class trade, they lost caste, be-

cause there were men who could produce

a peach that appealed stronger to the

eye than the one with rthe dirty sting

and sticky exudation marring its radiant

blush.





Ingham 00. R. G. KI'EBY.





 





 





0





Make $4.00 to $8.00 more per acre from

yolll‘CIovcr, Alfalfa, Peu', Flax, Vetch,

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Don’t knock off the seed and leaves with a.

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TH'ORNBURGH





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BURCHER and WINDROWER





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If you are not. one of the 100,000 satisfied users

write today for free catalog and give your

Dealer's name.





THE THORNBURGH



MFG. COMPANY.

D‘p‘. 09



Bowling Green,





 





 





 





Engines Do the Work





Yes, sir. Get a Galloway Pumping

Engine Outfit. Put It to a 90-day test on

your farm. Use it to run the churn, cream sep-

arator, washing machine, pump or any small

machine on your place. Then if you don’t say it‘s

the best little engine you ever saw in your life,

you can ship it b k. ’ll refund your money and pay

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f this wonderful] iberal offer I'll save on

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Get MySpeciaIOfferand Prices





Do it toda . Col $24.75 for a 1% h. p. “Boss

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glno undying: my lint of over 80,000 satisfied ullo '

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You'll need on engineln the next few weeks. It'll pay

for itself the an: month. Get my special 1913

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185K Galloway 8th..

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m;\



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Amazing "DE'I‘ROI’lu ’ Kerosene Engine

chipped on 15 day!’ FREE Trial, proves

kerosene cheapest, safest, moat power-

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Gaoollno Golng Up!



Gasolineis 9cm 15c higher than

coal oil. Still going up. Two

pints of coal oil do work of three

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Amazing “DETROIT"





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I 0on





 





 





 

 





Will do more work—do work in mar-edif-

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GILSON W





service. Farmer’s ower house

geivili’eeotlhloggries its own line shaft? pulleys, belt;

tightenor and pump jack. Ready for my abbomy.

where, stony time. 1 to 27 hp. Sells from . up.

,r. «. Write for particulars.

’5 ~. 9' ‘ GILSON MFG. co.

' , 64Pork as.





   

   





 

   

 





 





 





 





Farmers, Attention”

Buy Your "Fertilizers Direct! Why ?





You save salary and expenses of !

high priced men—You onvo dealer's a

profits—You got better value for

the money invested. .



For an honest bag of fertilizer try such brands as:



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When writing to advertisers please





, mention The Michigan Farther.
JULY 12, 1913.





Elmllmumflllfliifliiflllfllflllilllilllfllllilllllllilllflillilllilllllillllllflflluflllllflilfllillllllmifil





Farmers’ ClubsE





EllimflllllillllllllllllllllllilIlillillllllIIHIIllIllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllffl

OFFICERS OF TH E STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARM E R8’ CLU BS.





 

 





 





 





President—Jas. N. McBride, Burton.



Vice-President—C. B. Scully, Almont.



Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. C. P. John-

son, Metamora.



Corresponding Secretary—~Mrs. Wm. T.

McConnell, Owosso.



Directors—C. P. Johnson, Metamora;

H. W. Chamberlain, White Lake; Wm.

T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spaulding,

Belding; R. J. Robb, Mason; J. F. Rei-

man, Flint.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





Aesoclatlonal Motto:

The skillful hand, with cultured mind.

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.





 





Associatlonal Sentiment:

The farmer, he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





LAND TITLE REGISTRATION IN OHIO.





 





In 1893 the legislature of Ohio author-

ized the governor to appoint a commis-

sion to investigate the Torrens system of

land title registration, then in use in

most of the English jurisdictions through-

out the world and in many of the coun—

tries of continental Europe. After three-

years this commission reported that in

its Judgment it was feasible under our

state and the federal constitutions to

have such a system in Ohio and they

reported a bill providing therefor which

in January, 1896, was enacted into law

by almost a unanimous vote of both

houses of the legislature.



A suit was soon thereafter brought to

test the constitutionality of the law and

in 1897 the supreme court declared the

law to be in violation of several of the

provisions of our then state constitution.

In the constitutional convention of 1912

an amendment was adopted clearing

away these constitutional objections and

this amendment was ratified at the elec-

tion of September 3, last, by the second

largest vote received by any of the 41

amendments submitted.



During the closing days of the legisla-

ture recently adjourned a bill providing

for the registration of land titles, was

passed by both houses and was later ap-

proved by the gOVernor. The law, under

the new constitution, will not go into ef—

fect until 90 days after the adjournment

of the legislature, and provision is made

that no registration under the new law

shall be had prior to July 1, 1914. Regis-

tration is deferred in order that the con-

stitutionality of the law may be teSted

in the meantime and. if it is held to be

constitutional, that time may be afforded

to provide the necessary records for in-

stalling the system.



Under the present system of land titles

we record simply the evidences of title

and in order to know the state of the

title to a given piece of land it is neces-

sary to examine all the evidences of title

relating to this land since the organiza-

tion of the state. TheSe evidences of title

are hunted out from the records of skilled

examiners and arranged in consecutive

and chronological order in the form of an

abstract of title. This abstract is sup-

posed to contain the material parts of

every instrument and proceeding relating

to the particular piece of land.



It is manifest that the value of this

abstract will depend upon its complete-

ness and accuracy and the care with

which it is made and prepared. If any

material matters are by mistake or oth-

erwise omitted it is of little if any value.

After the abstract is prepared the owner

still has no information with regard to

the state of the title, but in order to ob-

tain this information he must submit

this abstract to a compeent attorney who

will carefully examine the abstract of all

the evidences of title contained therein

and give the owuer an opinion as to the

character of his title and what liens and

incumbrances there are upon it.



Again, the value of this opinion de-

pends upon the ahllity, industry and care

of the lawyer giving it. At best it is the

mere opinion of a. lawyer, which may or

may not be correct, but which in any

event will have little or no weight with

any one except the person who employed

the lawyer. It therefore follows that the

making or verifying of abstracts has to

be repeated with. each successive owner

or person dealing with the land and the

opinions of different attorneys obtained





 





 





T H E M I C H I

by these succeSSIVe owners and interest-

ed perSons. Not one title out of a hun-

dred is bad, but it is the occasional bad

title that makes necessary this continu~

ous examination and re-examination of

all titles. Under the present system

many of these evidences of title do not

appear in. the records at all and have to

be collected from outside sources, as in

the case of a man dying without a will,

and no administration of his estate in

the probate court. In such case there is

nothing in 'the records to show whom he

left his widow and heirs. This informa-

tion has to be collected by affidavits or

other means from outside sources.



Ohio. HUMPHREY JONES.

(Continued next week).





CLUB DIsFJSSIONs.





 





The Benefits of Recreation.——The Som-

erset Farmers Club was entertained at

the pleasant home of Mr. and Mrs. A.

W. Wood, in the village of Addison, June

28, and although the mercury stood at

100 degrees in the shade, and the busy

season of haying and cultivating is at

hand, a goodly number of its members,

with several visitors, put aside the duties

of the farm and met for an afternoon of

reSt and social, as well as intellectual

enjoyment which always awaits those

who attend these monthly gatherings. Mr.

and Mrs. IVood until recently have been

farmers and always took a lively interest

in our Club. The president, Mr. H, Lem-

bard, being absent, Mr. E. B. Lane act-

ed as presiding officer pro tem. The uS—

ual opening of singing by the Club, of

"Michigan, My Michigan,” followed by

prayer by Rev. L. D. Livingston, with

more music, and business session. An

address by Rev. Livingston on the Club

topic, “The Benefits and Non-benefits

Derived from Recreation.” He being a

college man the city young man and boy

seems to stand ahead of the rural young-

sters from an athletic point of View. All

work and no play makes Jack a laggard,

while play and exercise develops strong

bodies, therefore a strong intellect. The

city y0ung man is giVen more time for

recreation and athletics, while our coun-

try boys have not the same advantages

and are often abnormally developed. One

of the sad features of the country boy’s

life is the lack of proper recreation. The

speaker advised a social center for which,

in some places, the church is used, and

should be open the week through. The

centralized school is one method of solv-

ing the social problem, and also the Y.

M. C. A. If We keep the boys and girls

on the farm we must give them-a. part

of the benefits derived from the farm,

otherwise give them an interest' in the

proceeds. An interesting magazine read-

ing, “The Red, White and Blue.” by Miss

A. Wilcox, with some fine violin music

by Messrs, James & Peck, concluded the

exercises, following with supper.—Mrs.

Z. E. “'hite, Cor. Sec.



An Educational Program.——The Colum-

bia Farmers’ Club was entertained by the

Misses Stella and Della Palmer last Sat-

urday. Owing to the death of the pres-

ident, W. S. Culver, Dr.'E. N. Palmer

was elected to fill the vacancy, and pre-

sided at this meeting. Miss Hazel Brooks

sang, “When Dreams Come True,” and

“The Slumber Boat.” and Miss Mae Cre-

go gave two readings. Prof. L. R. Taft,

of Lansing, state inspector of orchards,

was present and gave his advice as to

spraying and caring for the orchard, and

from his wide knowledge brought out

many points not understood or practiced

by irtnany here who might raise the finest

ru .

pics the past season he said that al-

most without exception those who spray-

ed and produced perfect fruit got a fair

price, while those who didn‘t received

little or nothing. He followed with a.

discussion of spraying methods through-

out the season, and answered many ques-

tions about spraying problems which were

most helpful. Following this number

Miss Maude Smith read an. excellent pa-

per on “Educational Value of Novels,” a

synopsis of which will be published in a

future lSSue. This paper was well diS-

cussed. The following are some of the

ideas of the Club members on the edu—

cational value of the novel: Miss Mae

Cre-go said novels may be of a great

deal of good as they have made us un-

afraid of our own ideas. Mr. William

Lowry said as a child he had been taught

the novel was a‘ curse- but he has found

out that they bring out ideas according

to the character of the novel. Mrs.

Henry Peterson told how her fourth

reader said: “Judge a book by the

taste it leaves in the mOuth." If there

is a following uplift it is a good book,

if it has only shown us the seamy side

of life it is a failure. Mrs. Will Randall

expressed her opinion as being much

against the wierd fairy tales. But how

far to cultivate the child’s imagination

w0uld be a question. In regard to Santa

Claus, several different opinions were ex—

pressed, some in favor of delighting the

child’s imagination. while others were op-

posed. Rev. Mr. Sidebothan thought the

novel a benefit as it changes our course

of thought. During the months of July

and August there will be no Club meet-

ings held.



WANTED.





At once. a few men who are hustlers,

for soliciting. No experience necessary.

Good salary guaranteed and expenses

paid. The work is dignified, healthful and

instructive. In writing give references

and also state whether you have a horse

and buggy of your own. Address Box J.

F.‘, care Michigan firmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





Speaking of the low price of ap- -





GAN FARMER





gllfllllllllllllllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIllllllIIllllllllflllllllllIllllllillllllllliillllllilllllIlfi





Grange. f





ElIlllllIlllllIlllllllllllll|l|MillillIII|llllllIllllllll||lHillIllllIllllillllIMilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilll é‘J



Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”





 





E





 





 





THE JULY PROGRAMS.





 





Suggestions for Second Meeting.

Song, selected by Ceres.

Review of one number of



Grange Monthly, by Secretary.



Reading or declamation, “The country

boy‘s creed."



We have contests f0r blue ribbon corn,

pigs and cattle—why not for “better ba-

bies?”



Song. selected by Flora.



What could the authorities of our near-

est town or village do to make the town

more attractive, or more convenient, or

of more financial advantage to country

people who trade there? Discussion.



Are the town people or the farmers to

blame for the late hours the stores are

kept open on Saturday nights?



“Chip basket,” prepared by “'oman's

Work committee.



Song, selected by Lady Assistant Stew-

ard.





National





 





WITH PLYMOUTH GRANGE.



A certain Michigan institute worker

has been repeatedly heard to say, "If I

were set down in a man’s field in the

dark, I think I could tell what sort of a

farmer its owner is by the feel of the

soil." *



This saying came to my mind a few

days ago when I sat with Plymouth

Grange, XVayne county, during one of its

regular summer meetings. There was

that familiarity with the work and bus-

lneSs-like process of handling the affairs

of a Grange of upwards of 200 members

that betokened knowledge and thrift. Nor

was that all. This Grange is operating

under a printed program for the year,

put out very early in the season so that

they have had full benefit from its use;

they now occupy one of the most con-

venient and attractive appearing halls in

the state and are getting it Well equipped;





23—43





VISITING VUPPER PENINSULA

GRANGES.





 





After traveling through the parched

regions of lower Michigan from Morley

to Mackinaw City it was certainly restful

to the eye to behold the meadowiands





and roadsides of the upper peninsula

clothed in the richest and most luxuriant

green that nature can bestow. Grass is

growing in the greatest abundance ev—

erywhcre, in fact. more goes to waste

here than the pastures below contain; an

ideal country for stock, unsurpassed for

the dairy.



At Allenville, 15 miles north of St. Ig-

nace, a most excellent band of patrons

have held up the banner of co-operation

for several years. Joe Luepnitz, master,

and Cousin Paul, secretary, are certainly

enthuSiastic workers; in fact, 15 mem-

bers of that family are represented in

this one Grange. Bro. Joe took me on

a round of visiting and sightseeing which

most decidedly raised the opinion the

writer held of the U. P. as an agricul-

tural country. Fine roads everywhere,

good buildings, large fields. sleek looking

Stock and the happy, satisfied faces of

the people are undoubtedly evidences of

prosperity. Over at Rexton, nearer the

Center Of Mackinac c0unty, a small

Grange meets, but the members are full

of hope and enthusiasm. Master Ben

Lockwood and Bro. Russel and his good

wife are certainly grand entertainers.

This Grange will now meet in the Odd

Fellows hall at Rexton to accommodate

a number of good patrons near Garnett.



From here we ran farther west to Gould

City, where to southward we picked up

Newton Grange with 28 members and a.

lively contest under way. The iatchstring

is always out at Bro. Ketcheson's and

Bro. VVelch’s. Coming back to Engadine

and goingnorth to the now discontinued

post-office of Donald you paSS through

another beautiful region of rich clay

loam soil. From here I journeyed to

Newberry, a beautiful village in which

the U. P. asylum is located. Going up to

this institution y0u pass the elegant res-

idence of Bro. Beurman, master of New-

berry Grange, and his fine, large farm

just beyond. Bro. Beurman’s heart beats

in perfect unison with the surrounding

farming community and he is a, leader in

all enterprises that tend to its uplift.



A Iii-mile drive to the southwest from

Newberry leads you over half of the

distance through wild, unsettled territory

but proves a revelation to the stranger

as he sees thousands of acres of as nice

fertile farming land as can be found

anywhere in the state. Don't say that





 





 





 





 





The Newly Acquired Home of Plymouth Grange, 0f Wayne County.





they voted in 11 new members at their

first June meeting and received another

application; and they made plans for a

Grange-family celebration of the Fourth.

This is an old Grange which for many

years met at the homes of members but

last year it outgrew such gratuitous quar-

ters and cast about for a home of its

own. The framework for such a home it

found in a large, well built barn, near the

heart of the village, and which, refitted

and arranged, makes an excellent com-

munity hall under control of this sane,

steady Grange. Everybody concerned is

to be congratulated on the outcome. One

thing I particularly liked about the hall

is that it is not built after the “box

type” style of architecture all too com-

monly followed in the past by builders

of halls. The outside lines are broken

by two uprights, and the inside arrange—

ment is agreeably pleasant in con-

sequence. Light and airy, provided with

kitchen, storage and dining-room facili-

ties, anterooms and toilet accommoda-

tions. and equipped with electric lights—

altogether it is a. comfortable and con-

venient Grange home. When the busy

season is past, and a. coat of paint is ad-

ded, with some few other touches, Ply-

mouth Grange may keep open house to

any Grange in Michigan without apologies

whatsoever. Jnuxrz BUELL.





farming is not profitable here, for one

sees farm buildings that compare favor-

ably with those in almost any part of

lower Michigan. C F. KIEFER.





 





Ionia Pomona held a meeting with

Sebewa Grange, June 19. It was a fine

gathering of real progressive men and

women, such a meeting as one may rea-

sonably expect from that splendid coun—

ty. ThOSe patrons who were absent were

certainly losers. A fine practical program

was carried out and it was often said by

those present that it is profitable to stop

work for a day, even in a busy time, and

go to the Pomona meeting. Mrs. Olivia

J. C. “Voodman was present and gave

two addresses in the afternoon and even-

mg.





 





 





Windsor Grange, of Eaton county, is

not allowing the interest to lag during

the hot weather. A minstrel show was

the feature of a recent meeting, 25 mem-

bers, dresSed as colored performers, tak-

ing part. A “pink tea” was given by

the ladies, and the gentlemen entertained

the audience with songs and smart say-

ings. After the fun was over, pink lem-

onade was served to the 125 persons

present.





{outings—Venn,





 





Pomona Meetings.





Clinton 00., with Ovid Grange. Wed-

nesday, July 16.

Picnic: and Ram».

Montcalm-Gratiot farmers’

picnic, at Sumner, Vi’ednesday,

State Master Kotcham. speaker.
l





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





~23. .

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\JAIHEE lllOllT'GOlllERY “FLAGS,





   

 

 





In the millions of orders we fill every year none give us greater joy than the supplying of ,gifts ;_for some loved one at home.

Grocery orders, furniture orders, clothing orders, implement orders—all, of course, have our greatest care and attention.

But, when a letter is received saying: ”This purchase is a gift for mother-13. remembrance on her birthday or wedding anniversary” it goes

through our great fifty acre establishment with a sense of loving responsibility that permeates every mononwoman who handles it.





And we receive thousands of such orders. . ‘ And then. in addition, it shows over a hundred thousand other items—groceries, clothing. shoes,





This announcement will be read by hundredsofthousands of oureustomers who use the Montgomery hardware, furniture. 'farm implements, everything from a paper of pins to an automobile which can

Ward & Co.‘s Catalogue constantly for tlle supplying of their many needs. ‘ be Purchased through this great modern method of merchandlsmg ata lower cost with higher quality





To them we say, when you are ordering a" gift for‘father, mother, son, daughter or friend, don't fail than you can secure elsewhere. .

to mention the fact when w1 ltmg- _ _‘ _ The book weighs several pounds. It contains 1000 pages—every one of them a wonderful store win-

To those who are not now ourcustomers, we ask the perllegeofsendlng our wonderful new Catalogue, (low of surprlsmg bargains. It is sent absolutely free on request—Without any obligation to you.





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