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ED 7843.





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





VOL. CXLl. No. 8. i

Whole Number 3657.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, AUGUST 23, 1913.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

$2 FOR 5 YEARS.





 





.Michigan’s New Milk and CreamLaW.





HE new law that is to control the

|' dairy business in Michigan went

into effect on August 15, and the

sectiOns of this law are well worth the

careful study of the progressive dairy-

man. The farmer who has been carry-

ing on his business with considerable re—

gard fOr the health of his customers need

have no fear of the new law, but where

the cattle have been housed in poor

quarters, and the owners have been lax

from a hygienic standpoint, the Michigan

dairy law is going to cause a reVOIution in

methods of producing milk and butter.

The good dairymen of Michigan will have

their business made bigger and better

by the new law and it tends to drive

out the man who has been harming both

the dairy cow and the public by the use

of undesirable methods of production.



One of the mOSt important parts of the

law is in Section 1, which states that

milk drawn from cows kept in barns not

reasonably well lighted and ventilated

shall be declared unsanitary. That may

bring up an argument on many farms

as to what it means to say that a barn

is reasonably well lighted and ventilat-

ed. It will mean that some farmers will

have to make more windows in their

barns and do considerable cleaning up

before the inspector arrives at the farm.

It will also mean that the farmer who is

managing his dairy in the right way will

not be disturbed and the milk products

from his place will bring a better price

when the standards of the (lariy business

are raised by a law stringent enough to

drive out the inefficient and undesirable

milk producers.



It is said that the man who spends

money to improve his dairy and produces

sanitary, milk is receiving more money

for his milk than the man who has a

poor barn and makes little effort to

handle the production in a sanitary man-

ner. This may be true in some instances

but in the majority of cases, the 'milk

from the ill-kept dairy is going to the

market for the same price as the pro-

ducts of the man who is spending hard

earned money to produce a clean and

sanitary milk.



The good barn in the picture is located

in a region not distinguished as a dairy

center but the owner has spent consid-

erable money to put in iron stanchions,

cement floors, and everything necessary

to run a model dairy. The barn is ven-

tilated by the King ventilating system

and is amply supplied with windows on

all sides. One mile down the road is a





farmer who is keeping his cows in an

old shed. The milk from both of these

farms is being shipped to the same





creamery and both men are receiving the

same rate for their milk.



The good farmer expressed himself as

follows: “I am not receiving much en-

couragement from the people in this

community and they seem to enjoy laugh-

ing at every effort I make to improve

my barns and stock. The fellow down

the road has scarcely any inveStment in

his business and he gives his cows very,

little care outside of a fair amount of

good feed. His barns are cheap and

dirty with no light, and Chink—hole ven-

tilation,‘ and he is boasting that he will

‘ make more money from his cattle than

Irwill from mine.” The good farmer was

56 situated that he could not sell to a.

fancy trade and yethe was producing

a. milk that Was none too good to the

creamer-y that received his entire output.

The man with the poor barn was ,dis-

posing \of his. milk at the same place

because the ultimate} consumer did not

.' see 'his barn'andused the milk without

v cansidering, the: quality. It is in an in-





 





 





stance of this kind that the good farmer

will now receive a, just reward for his

efforts and the poor farmer will have to

improve his methods or leave the busi-

ness. That is the reason that the new

dairy law will be a boom to the agriculé

tural interests of the state and why it

has been desired by the progressive

farmers of Michigan.



The law will be a big step toward in-

creasing Michigan’s already prominent

position as a dairy state and every farm-

er should carefully study the following

sections which bring out many important





creta or from any other cause, or

which shall be drawn from cows which

are themselves in a filthy condition;

milk kept or transported in dirty, rusty,

or open-seamed cans or other utensils;

or milk that is stale, putrescent, or pu-

trid; or milk to which has been added

any unclean, or unwholesome foreign

substance; or milk which has been kept

noxious air or gases

occupied by animals, or kept

in dirty, foul or unclean places

is hereby declared to be

Cream produced from





exposed to foul or

in barns

exposed

conditions.

milk.





or

insanitary





 





 





 





This Barn Does Not Meet the Requirements of the Milk and Cream Law.





points that must be considered by every

dairy farmer, milk dealer, and creamery

manager. ' '



What the Law Provides.



Section 1. For the purpose of this act,

the term “milk” shall mean the fresh,

clean, lacteral secretion obtained by the

complete milking of one or more healthy

cows, properly fed and kept, excluding

that obtained eight days before and four

days after calving, and contains not less

than eight and one-half per cent of sol-

ids not fat; and not less than three per





any such aforesaid insanitary milk; or

cream produced by the use of a cream

separator which has not been thoroughly

washed, cleansed, and scalded after pre—

vios use in the separation of cream from

milk; or cream produced by the use of a

cream separator placed or stationed in

any unclean or filthy room or place in

any building containing a stable wherein

are kept cattle or other animals, unless

such cream separator is so separated and

shielded by a partition from the stable

portion of such building as to be free





 





 





 





 





 





A Good EXample 'oflthe» Well Lighted and Properly Ventilated Dairy Barn.





cent of milk fat, and the term “cream"

shall mean that portion of milk, rich in

milk fat, which rises to the surface of

milk on standing, or is separated from it

by centrifugal- force, is fresh and clean,

and contains not less than 18 per cent of

milk fat. Milk which shall be drawn

from cows that are kept in barns or

stables which are not reasonably well

lighted and. ventilated, or that are kept

in barns or stables that are filthy from

an accumulation of animal feces and ex-





1





from all foul or noxious air or gases

which issue or may issue from such place

or stable; or cream that is stale, putres-

cent, or putrid; or cream that is‘kept or

transported in dirty, rusty or open- seam-

ed utensils; or cream which has been

kept exposed to foul or noxious air or

gases in barns occupied by animals, or

in dirty, foul, or unclean places or con-

ditions, is hereby declared to be insan-

itary cream. , . 7



Section 2. No person shall by himself.





 





milk





01‘





‘ ing milk,





, when





his servant or agent, or as the servant

or agent of any other person, or as the

officer, servant or agent of any firm or

corporation, sell or offer for sale, furnish

or deliver, or have in possession or un-

der his control with intent to sell or offer

for sale. or furnish or deliver to any per-

son, firm or corporation as food for man,

or to any creamcry, cheese factory, milk.

condensing factory, 0r milk or cream

dealer. any insanitary milk or any insan-

itary cream.

Section 3. No person shall by himself.

his servant or agent, or as the servant

or agent of any other person, or as the

servant or agent of any firm or corpor-

ation, manufacture for sale any article

of'food for man from any insanitary

milk or from any insanitary cream.

Section 4. .-\ll premises and utensils

used in the handling of milk, cream, and





by—products of milk, and all premises

and utensils used in the preparation,

manufacture, or sale or offering for sale

of any food product for man from milk

or cream or the by-products of milk,

which shall be kept in an unclean, filthy

or noxious condition are hereby declared

to be insanitary. It shall be unlawful

for any person, firm or corporation en-

gaged in selling. or furnishing milk,

cream, or any try-products of milk, in~

tended for use as food for man, and it





shall be unlawful for any person, firm or

corporation engaged in Selling or furnish-

cre-am and any by-products of

milk, to any creamery, cheese factory,

milk condensing factory; or to any place

where such milk, cream, or by-products

of milk are manufactured or prepared

into a food product for man, and for sale

as such; and it shall be unlawful for

any milk dealer, or an employe of such

milk dealer, or any person, firm or cor-

poration, or the employe of such person,

firm or corporation, who operates a

creamery, cheese factory, milk condensing

factory, or who manufacture or prepare-

for sale any article of food for man from





milk, cream, or by-product of milk, or

who manufactures. rc-works, or packs

butter for sale as a food product, to





maintain his premises and utensils in an

insanitary condition.



Section 5. Any person, firm, or cor-

poration, not a common.carrier who re-

ceives from a common carrier in cans,

bottles ,or other vessels any milk, or

cream, ice cream or other dairy products

intended as food for man, which has

been transported over any railroad or

boat line or by other common carrier,

such cans, bottles or vessels are

to be returned, shall cause the said cans,

bottles, or other vessels to be thoroughly

waShed and cleansed before return ship-

ment.



Section 6. Any person who by himself,

’his servant or agent, or as the servant

or agent of any other person, or as the

officer, servant or agent of any firm or

corporation, who violates any provision

of this act shall, upo viction thereof,

be puniShed by a mot. more than

one hundred dollars for each and every

offense, or shall be imprisoned in the

county jail for not more than 60 days.





To those who accept this' law in the

proper spirit it will prove most beneficial,

since compliance withfits provisions in

the production of milk and cream will be:

conducive to the health of>the herd. and

will thus stimulate production. Ultimate?

ly it will increase the revenue from? the

dairy herd through increased consumpfibn.

and better prices for the products, to say j:





nothing of the increasgfigisatisfactmn to"‘.. ""- ,





the datryman.





Ingham Co. I R. G. KIIBBY.
146—2





l"him Deerléipréder‘l "

The Spreader with the

Beater on the Axle





The Low Down Spreader With

The Big Drive Wheels





The main reason why the demand for John

Deere Spreaders has been greater than those

interested in the spreader business thought pos-

sible, is because the John Deere Spreader is

built the way you would build a manure spreader,

to suit your own requirements.





What You Want



Here's your chance to get exactly what

you want in a manure a reader.



One that is easy to and, light for your

horses, free from constant repairing. and

one that will last as long as you think it

ought to.





What You Get .



With a John Deere Spreader you get a

low down Spreader in which the advantage

of big drive wheels is not sacrificed for the

low down feature.



You get a spreader that is easy for your

horses because it has these big drive wheels

together with roller bearings, few. parts,

the fact that the center of the load is com-

parativeiy near the horses and the load

evenly distributed over all i our wheels.



There are no clutches to get out of order,

no chains to give trouble, no adjustments

necessary.



Built with a steel frame, securely braced

like modern railway bridges, it is very strong

and durable.



Wh You Get These Things

y Mounting the beater on the axle makes

all these things possible in the John Deere

Spreader.



It does away with some two hundred

trouble-givin parts. It makes the spreader

low down. It permits the use of big drive

wheels. It does away with clutches, chains

and adjustments. It puts all the strain and

stress of spreader on the rear axle, where

it belongs, not on the sides and frame of

the spreader. . .



It does a lot of other good things, too.

They are fully illustrated and described in

our new spreader book.



Get This Spreader Book .



It tells how the John Deere Spreader is

made and why it is made that way. It

contains illustrations of the workinglgarts

and colored pictures of the John eere

Spreader in the field. It also has valuable

information in regard to storing, handling

and applying manure to the land. .



Get one 0 these books free, by asking us

for our spreader book, Y 5





John Deere Plow Company





Moline, Illinois





 

 





 





 





 





 





Ship or Store Your





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fiflflllil fl-





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Certified legal bu. container (N.Y.City)





Best money can buy for





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Strongest field and storage crate

made—almost indistruptible.





Write Today for new catalogue.





GUHMER MFG. 00.,





Cadillac, Mich.

NIAGARA SEED WHEAT





A white bald wheat that will yield 50 bushels per

mo. and Will stand the in :severe winters. re-

oleaned at 81.60 per bushel, bags 25c extra, cash with



at. no order aooe ted smaller than 6 bushels.





, OODGOTE S FARM. Ionia. Mlohlz‘an.





SEED WHEAT





Dawson's Golden Ohail. an bu. from 5 sense this





 





 





 





 





.. late bloom.





[FARM worse. ‘





 





Harvesting Millet.





I have a. piece of millet on low land. It

is over five feet tall and just headed. Can

you tell me the. best way to cure it?

When is the best time to cut it? Would

it do to put it in the silo?



‘ Newaygo Co. W. W. H.





Millet should be- cut for hay between

the time of complete heading out and the

Cutting should nd't be de~

layed until the seed begins to ripen, ow-‘

ing to possible injurious effects on ani-

mals eating the hay, especially horses.

On account of the fact that millet stems

are large and succulent and because it

must be cut at an earlier stage than oth-

er grasses to make the best quality of

hay, it requires more curing than other

hay. Otherwise it is no more difficult to

cure than clover and it will endure much

more eXpOSure to rain without serious

damage;



The curing cannot be well done in the

swath, since to properly cure the stems

it is necessary to keep the leaves from

becoming dried in order that the sap in

the stems maybe drawn up through the

leaves and evaporated from their’surface,

which can readily be accomplished if 'the

leaves are kept from becoming thorough-

ly dried. Hence, the hay should be rak-

ed after it has become well wilted and

cocked up in the field to complete the

curing process, which will require several

days, after which it can be opened up to

the air and drawn at any time when

weather conditions are favorable.



Millet could undoubtedly be put into

the silo with fair results, but on account

of its very succulent nature it would

make a rather acid silage when out at

the proper stage. It would also be a.

rather difficult crop to handle for silage

as compared with corn, and where the

latter is available for filling the silo, the

millet might better, in the writer’s opin-

ion, be made into hay.





Eradicating Dodder.





I sowed a low, rather wet. field of clay

loam with a bushel of oats to the acre

last spring, and got a fair crop of oats,

but when I removed the oats I found the

clover seeding, which is a fine catch, pep-

pered with dodder. What had I best do

with it? -Vi'ould it do to pasture it c1059

this fall andanother 'summer, or be bet-

ter to plow soon and sow to wheat and

seed again next spring?



’l‘uscola Co. L. V. B. C.





Where dodder has become established

it is important to handle it in such a.

manner as to prevent it from seeding.

\Vhere the infested patches are not too

numerous the method advised is to clip

it closely and burn, using a little straw

if necessary. The method of treatment

which will best accomplish this result

will depend upon the Variety of dodder

which is present in the field. Some kinds

of dodder produce very little seed in this

country but is found to be present in

much clover seed imported from other

countries. Thus it will be seen that the

variety of dodder present, and there are

several varieties, will have an important

bearing upon the method of treatment.

But it is not safe to depend upon the

dodder being a variety which will not

seed liberally. Hence the treatment should

be such as to obviate any risk of get-

ting the land seeded to the weed.



The best authorities claim that the

dodder plants rarely, if ever, live over

winter, so the problcm is in keeping the

dodder from seeding this fall. If this can

be accomplished by clipping and burning

or pasturing, the probability is that the

field would be free from it, or compara-

tively so. next year, enough so to per-

mit the scattering patches so infested to

be eradicated by cutting and burning as

above suggeSted. Of course, the dodder

could be eradicated from the field by the

growing of several hoed crops as it can-

not reproduce itself unless a favorable

host plant is present. It is very desira-

ble, however, to prevent its introductiOn

upon our farms and the new seed law

should materially aid in this direction.

When once introduced however, it must

be dealt with summarily and the break-

ing up of the seeding before the plants

have an opportunity to mature seed would

be the surest, method of accomplishing

this desired result, although if the- in-

fested patches are not too numerous it

might be preferable to attempt to eradi-

cate them and save the stand of clover.





Fertilizer for Wheat.





Will you please advise me in regard to

what kind of fertilizer to use on wheat

ground?



Shiawassee Co. F. .R. -





It is impossible to tell without consid-

erable experimenting just what combina-

tion of plant foods would give the best

result in a fertilizer for wheat. Experi-

ence has demonstrated, however, "chat

most of our older soils are particularly





 





ear. No smut or rye in wheat, £1.50 per bu., b free.

ILLARD PATRICK; Webberville. some“. ,





deficient in phosphorus, an element '0!





. TH E. 'M I‘C‘H‘I GA NgF A, R MER





"plant food essentialin the process of seed





production, for which reason most fer-





tilizer manufacturers make a brand of





grain fertilizer containing one or two per

cent nitrogen to aid in giving the plant a

good start, from eight to 10 per cent of

phosphoric acid to supply liberal quanti-

ties of this element, and two to five per

cent of potash, which formula perhaps

comes as near giving the general good

results for grain as any which might be

devised. For this reason it is good prac-





tice to buy a standard grain fertilizer of





any well known manufacturer having an

analysis coming within the figures above

given in the essential elements of plant

food.



Catch Crop for Fall Pasture.



Being a subseriber'of your valuable pa-

per, and reading some of “\Vinter Vetch,"

1 would like to know more about it. I

have an orchard which I will plow the

last of August and want to sow some kind

of seed, to pasture this fall, as I have a

bunch of shoats. Would you advise rye,

rape and vetch, or is the rape and rye

enough? Is the vetch a winter plant, and

would the rye and vetch make pasture in

the spring if not pastured too heavy this

fall? PleaSe state when to sow, and 'the

amount to sow to the acre. .





Jackson Co.



Winter vetch is a leguminous crop,

hence in the class of soil improvers. It

should be SOWn as soon after the middle

of August as possible on a well prepared

seed bed, using about one-half bushel of

seed with a light seeding of rye. It will

make a moderate amount of fall pasture

and, barring any damage from the win-

ter, will also make a rapid growth in the

spring.



Rape, if sown under favorable soil and

weather conditions will make pasture in

about six weeks and will be, with the

rye, an excellent fall pasture for hogs.

The rape,’however, would not live over

winter and make any spring feed. as

what lives will send up seed stalks in-

stead of foliage.



The best crop to sow will depend not a.

little upon conditions which influence the

time of seeding and the growth of the

seed and plants. '



Wild Carrdts.





XVould like to know what kind of weeds

will winter-kill and what will not. Is

wild carrot a bad weed?



Shiawassee Co. T. N. V.





The only weeds which can be depended

upon to winter-kill are :innualsnor those

which complete their life's cycle and re-

produce their seed in a single year, and

many of these are of doubtful habits in

this direction. - '



The wild carrot mentioned is botani-

cally considered an annual plant but it

has degenerated into almOSt a perennial.

Also it seeds liberally and is becoming

vcry'common in Michigan. It is, how-

ever, not so bad here yet as it is in some

of the eastern states where the writer has

seen it cover the meadows with a. quite

dense growth after haying. It may be

classed as a more than ordinarily unde-

sirable weed which should not be encour—

aged to become established on ourr farms,





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





 





Disklng Oat Stubble.



The oat crop, of course, this year was

late, and we have just nicely got started

in preparing for next year's crop of

wheat. There were two small fields that

we are preparing with horses. One of

these it w0uld not pay to use the trac-

tion engine on at all, a, portion of the

field is too light soil and it won't hold

the wheels. Then we want something

for the horses to do, anyway. Another

small field on a rented farm is of Such

shape that it is not convenient to work

the tractor there, the bouts are t00 short.

1 have disked it with the tractor, it does

very well, but plowing, as long as we

want to use the horses we can juSt as

well do this and work the tractor on the

larger fields. This small field was in

wheat this year, and I am going to put

it into winter emmer or wheat again this

year, and we disked this both ways with

horses. Once over doesn’t make a very

good job of it in a greatvmany places.

Going crossways it digs it up pretty well.

But one field we have already disked

with the big tractor and the big disks,

going both wayS, and it is surprising to

note how that field is dug up. Certainly

the comparison between the horse disk

and the traction disk, puts the horse disk

out of business, especially on hard ground.

It took three days to look over the big

traction engine and get things right and

we really haven't got everything just

right yet, but we used it one day, and

we did as much, of course, in that one

day as we would in several days with

horSes, and we did it right. We are

learning that you have got to put con-

siderable time on a traction engine to

keep it in running order. There is a lot





bf" machinery about it.





yweather.





Ifi‘ha's'igot ‘to be

just right before it worksé'zfight. If, you

go into the field “when thingéirf‘are not-just

right you are going to haVe‘tz‘ouble and

it will cost you for repairs and extra

time. You might better take the time at

first and fix it up and get it just right

before you start.

The Bean Crop.





The bean crop in this section has been

suffering for several days from the dry

One man suggested that there

was some disease in the beans, the rea-

son that the lower leaves all turned yel-

low, and that they were drying up, but

another man with a lot of experience

says that it is nothing only the dry‘

weather. There is not moisture enough

so that they can grow, and they are

gradually dying, and I am inclined to

think that he is right. On the sandier

soils the beans are certainly going to be

severely affected by the drought.

man is just about ready to pull his beans

now. The earlier pods have some beans

in them but the later pods are not going

to have anythingvto speak of. I saw a

man yesterday and he said that his bean

crop looked fine until it began to be af-

fected by the drought and he didn’t be-

lieve now that he would get eight bush-

els to the acre, and some of them would

not be good beans. My beans are on

heavier ground and they don’t seem to

be affected as badly as his are. There

are good long pods and they are growing

yet, that is, the pods are growing, the

beans are developing, but they are af-

fected without doubt by the extreme dry

weather.



On the other hand, the lima beans do

not seem to be affected so much by the

dry weather. They are good color, they

seem to be growing. It must be that

they are deeper rooted plants and can

stand drougth better than common beans.

Lima. beans are just blossoming now. I

wish we could get a good rain, but it

don't seem to come. The factory man,

however, says that they don’t need rain

very badly, that the drier it gets the

deeper the roots grow into the ground,

and they will get moisture and properly

develop.



Pasturing the Stubble Fields.





This year we are gleaning one 20-acre

wheat stubble with h0g3. This is unus-

ual for us because, as is well known,

we don't believe

fields fenced. This, in fact, is the only

field on the farm that is fenced so .that

we can turn hogs in on wheat stubble, or

any kind of stock. This, however, is so

situated that we have a. lane on two

sides of it and a. pasture on two sides of

it, and must keep it properly fenced. It

is pretty handy, I’ll admit, and the hogs

are getting some of the wheat. While

the wheat was not lodged and there was

not very much loss from this, it shelled

some and there, is a little wheat where

every shock stood, and the hogs are pick-

ing it up and making good use of it. The

only question is, will they get enough in

this gleaning process to pay to keep the

field fenced? I got the notion in my head

a good many years ago that it was very

detrimental to pasture worked fields,‘that

we had better keep off from them. The

temptation is too great in a dry sum-

mer like this if you have new seeding

clover, for instance, and the cow pasture

is short, to turn the cows into the new

seeding of clover. You may save a doi-

lar or two then but you lose ten dollars

for every one you gain, next season.



I know it seems rather extravagant

sometimes to clip the new seeding clo—

ver, sometimes it gets pretty large and

there is a good bite to eat, and we clip

this and let it lay on the ground. And

yet, on the other hand, when we con-

sider that one of the mOSt important

things in the improvement of soil is ad-

ding vegetable matter to it, what the

most of the soils need more than they

need anything else, is organic matter,

this is not so bad. If we pasture all this

second growth off the meadow. the new

seeding, in a dry time and leave no or-

ganic matter on the land, while we might

save a dollar, as I say, at that time. lat-

er on we would lose a great many more.

But where one doesn’t have his worked

fields fenced there comes a time, of

course, where he wants to glean a wheat

field or an oat field that there is some

waste from grain, yet this grain is not

an entire loss.



The second growth clover this year is

very short and thin. The fields that we

out first for hay is making some growth.

Lhave no doubt that the heads will be

well filled with seed, but Whether there

will be enough of it to pay to harvest





the seed I do not know. "It will haVe Ito '

be exceedingly well filled to payfor cut-





ting it and caring ,for it. . ' 7





One ,





in having the work.
AUG. 23, 1913.





- "h





THE ART OF CONTROLLING ,

Mots-runs.



In some of our western states they

manage to raise good crops with DraC-

tically no rain in the summer. In the

Wheat district of California where the

average yield is thirty odd bushels per

acre, they have no rain at all during the

summer. They manage. to raise from 30

to 40 bushels of corn per acre on the dry

plains of Texas with practically no rain

during the summer. Yet we of the hu-

mid regions think we know how to con-

trol soil moisture and work toward that

end but our methods would fail com-

pletely under the conditions that obtain

in these dry sections. A two months’

drouth here has proved this conclusively.





From May 1 to June 21, less than one-’





half inch of rain fell in our county, and

even this drouth, which would be con—

sidered a “wet spell’ in some sections has

proved to be disastrous to crops.



These drouths seldom fail to come at





some time during the Season, but they

also seldom come so early. “'hen the

drouth does come early it does more





damage than when it comes later, after

the crops have their root systems well

developed; At least this drouth has been

more disastrOus than any we have ever

experienced, and it has taught us a few

things that will not soon be forgotten.

It also proved that our usual methods for

controlling moiSture are very ineffective

and almost valueless when a real drouth

does come. Not that the methods are

worthless, either, so much as that the

manner of execution is at fault. For a.

good crop here and there proves this eas-

ily enough.



But we must do better. Two things

we must study closely if we would suc—

ceed in holding soil moisture—the condi-

tion of the ground and the methods of

tillage. Thin land bakes and puddles, and

cannot be kept in a good state of tillage

such as is necessary to retain moisture.

And even better ground that is lacking

somewhat in organic matter was not

handled with more success. So, first of

all, we must keep our ground in a fair

state of fertility at least, if we expect

crops to stand dry weather. Those soils

that are light and friable, rich in humus,

are the soils that are most easily handled

in dry weather. This means that we

must not only keep up fertility but also

by all means we must not forget the

green manures and tile drainage. Be—

sides, all stubble. weeds. cornstalks and

everything of a like nature must be turn-

ed under if for no other reason than to

help hold moisture. Yet there is nothing

better than barn manure. Those fields

that have been liberally manured will

easily yield twice as much as thOSe not

manured. And of the fields so treated

those where the manure was spread on

the plowed ground and disked into the

soil well seemed to get through the drouth

in much better condition and will pro—

duce better crops than others.



First, we must have the soil, and then

practice perfect tillage. ,The disk, the

roller and sub—surface packers and pul-

Verizers are the best of tools for tilling to

hold moisture. “'here there tools were

used intelligently and persistently crops

have not suffered for moisture if they

were on good ground. Shouldn’t this

make all of us “take notice?”



Disking ahead of the plow seemed to

do more good than anything else when

the job was well done. \Vhen you disk

ahead of the plow you ought to disk. (lou-

ble-disk, and barrow if necessary to get

the ground well pulverized. To run the

disk over the ground once and roll it out

In big chunks is just the same as wast-

ing time and energy. It does no good

toward holding moisture, although it may

cause the ground to plow somewhat eas-

ier. In this work no slip-Fhod methods

or half—way jobs count. Anything less

than a good job is nothing at all.



Disk, double-disk and disk deep. Then

plow, and drag down two or three times

a day. After you are done plowing then

begin to disk again and keep the ground

rolled down or packed Well. Never allow

the clods to dry out. Disk, harrow. drag

and roll, and—don’t get in a hurry to

plant. Ground that is worked well and

allowed to lie for some time will gather

moisture and come into condition for

planting. But it is never in order for

planting immediately after being plowed

if we are having dry weather.



But the lesson is not lost for us even

for this year. We expect to disk stubble

ground and fallow ground so that we can

plow for wheat whenever we get ready.

We expect to plow corn ground this fall

so that this work to control moisture

will be well on the way for next spring.

There is nothing equal to a, good job of





disking to control soil moisture. Oats

that were disked in well made twice as

much pasturage as those sowed on plow—

ed ground. Very few in our county were

good enough to cut this year. So, this

corn ground will be disked and well pul-

verized after iris plowed. And the wheat

ground will be disked both before and af-

ter breaking, and then pulverized well

and packed rather firmly. “’heat wants

a good solid seed bed. And such a one

holds moisture well so that the wheat

may get a good start before winter sets

in. If it fails in this the crop is sure to

be short.





Indiana. E. P. H. GREGORY.





TAXES ON CUT-OVER MICHIGAN

LANDS.





 





Of late I have had several inquiries in

regard to taxes on unimpioved cut—over

lands in my vicinity. It seems many

would—be buyers of these lands get scar-

ed out when they learn of the taxes that

are assessed upon them and to all such

and others who may be interested I would

desire to make the matter clear. It is

true that quite a tax in some cases is

assessed annually on some. of these lands

and rightly, too, and why? Much of this

land has been purchased by “get-rich-

quick” schemers who a few years

saw the possibility of these lands and

purchased large blocks at from $3.00 to

$6.00 per acre and are holding them at

an outrageous price to intending buyers.

They do not improve them in any way,

and take no interest whatever in local or

other affairs in the vicinity in which they

are located. Now as a rule, where pro-

gression and improvement is made in a

new place by hustlers who are not afraid

to work and clean up, it not only adds

to the value of their own farms but to

a great extent enhances the value of all

adjoining lands, even if wild, so year by

year these fellows profit in a way directly

from the toll of others, though they,

themselves, generally are non-residents,

miles away and have but little interest

in local affairs of any kind. Therefore

their properties go on increasing in value

year by year, although not one whit bet-

ter, in many cases worse, by fires, etc.,

than they were when originally purchas-

ed. Now, to give the actual settler, the

worker, the man who has really done

something to benefit the public, to make.

a country worth while to live in, the

brunt of the taxes would be unfair and

all wrong, so our county and other Olli-

cials are getting next to this class of

“republic builders,” men who recline in

upholstered and luxurious oflice chairs

and tell what rich land it all is and how

very easily cleared and all that, and as—

sess to such lands as near as may be.

done, a direct ratio of taxes, many times

equal if not more than on adj'icent im-

proved farms. and it‘s all right, too. If

they won’t do something with this land

something is going to be done to it, so

they get this kind Of a “bracer” usually.



In concliiSion. to be brief, don’t let any

intending homeseeker get “shaky” on

taxes, the real home-maker is welcome

and wanted on all and any unimproved

Michigan lands no matter what county

they may be in and when once located

his taxes will be the least of his burdens.

Try it and see, but buy soon for land is

surely, constantly getting higher in price

year by year. There is only so much

land but every year sees more and more

people for each farm acre.



Gladwin C0. G. A. RANDALL.





 





DESTROYING MOLES.





 





 





Seeing the article in The Farmer of

July 19, page 62—18, on mole destruction,

would say I have been troubled for years

and have found traps too slow.



I was told by a friend this

try cutting up beef in Small





spring to

strips and





rolling them .well in powdered strychnine,





make small holes in your rows of peas

and drop in a piece of the poisoned meat,

pushing back the soil in place. The

above has given me good results.

Kalamazoo Co. C. S. BASSETT.





 





WANTED.





At once, few men who are hustlers,

for soliciting. No experience necessary.

Good salary guaranteed and expenses

paid. The work is dignified, healthful and

instructive. In writing give references

and also state whether you have a horse

and buggy of your own. Address Box J.

F., care Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





C. S. Bartlett, writes: "My stock of

Berkshires is nearly sold out. I think I

will renew my advertising contract along

about fair time. The Michigan Farmer

is the best advertising medium I have





ago .





 





THE .MI-CHIG‘ANVFIARMER.





 





i





     





3—147 ,





anWWHWhWWWflWM





l, ‘J' - . ‘ \





 





Ranked





AVID RANKIN was a big farmer and he knew





at. the Very Top





his business. He owned the largest corn farm in the





world, about 35,000 acres down in Missouri. He

dei’oted his life to the pleasant study and practice of right farming, and

he succeeded mightil , for he made $4,000,000 in the business of farm-

ing. This is what avid Rankin said about the manure spreader:

“It is the most efficient money-maker on the place."



It’s warm praise to be ranked above all other farm machines, but it

is in keeping with what all the agricultural world has been recognizing.

Soils rebel when crop after crop is taken from them, without return of

fertilizer. Witness the abandoned worn-out farms of New England.

Return every bit of manure to the soil by the spreader method. The

I H C manure spreader will save you much disagreeable, hard labor,

will spread evenly, and will make one ton of manure go as far as two

tons spread by han .





I H C dManure Spreaders





are built to suit you, to do best work for the buyer in every case, to

convince him that he has made the wisest purchase. Every detail in

the construction has a. purpose, for which it was made after thorough

tests and experiment. They have the maximum of strength and endur-

ance, and their construction bristles with advantages.



You will find all styles and sizes in the I H C Spreader line. They

will cover the ground with a light or heavy coat, as you choose, but

always evenly, up hill or down. There are high and low machines,

with steel frames, endless or reverse aprons, but always giving best

possible service. Tractive power is assured by osition of the rear

wheels well under the box, carrying nearly three- ourths of the load,

and by wide-rimmed wheels with Z-shaped lugs.



These and many other things will interest you if you look the I H C



spreader line over at the local dealer’s and will convince you that

. an I H C is the spreader for you to buy. There is one for

//// your exact needs. Read the catalogues that the dealer has for you.





'A International Harvester Company of America





l iii] (Incorporated)

U S A





, ll Chicago





 





 





 





Hay! ‘ You, too," can make big

money Baling with the Sandwich





you handsomely to bale





   

 

 

   





_ Every grower in your district will pay

his hay! “Net profits per day $18 to $22, ’ write Swartz & Mensch,

Dixon, Ill. “Cleaned up $300 in 6 weeks,” writes Wm. J. Bulick,

Reading, Minn. Other hustlers making $200 to $300 net monthly

profits. And these men are all using the solid steel, big tonnage Sandwich.





Start With Little Money!





' We'll make special terms with any respon- steady, sure and strong. And the bales come

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before you begin. Friction Clutch Stops iEaChdyiar earlier-



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GasEngine m n m " discard other

on Same makes and buy

Truck the Sandwich.



. Their actual



.Full power is working tests

driven from ben- prove this press

glue to press y 8 beats all ordinary

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away With slip.





. . . tons are an every

ping belts—With their dangers and delays. da "ob for th ' _ -

The Gas Engine is the best; quality—hopper y J eSandmch 30 to 40 ‘f you hustle.





u

cooled type—gear driven magneto—4, 6. 8 "714:“ {Oz—front Tell"— now FREE

and 10-horse power—and developes more than km 010 rec to those who are Wide-

m ingredient“: remaining“

u an . a un re s

Shrink: Tlmo-TrledSelf Fade, like you are doing—you can do. So write

rises high up out of the way of operator and today and it; comes by return mail. And if

will stand hard crowding. Its big feed open- you’re interested in Horse Power Presses,

mg is unobstructed. The motion is slow. ask about our big line of these.





SANDWICH MFG, CO., 115 A Street, Sandwich, I“. Box]!5.CouncllBluHo,la





Box 115. Kansas City. Mo





Sandwich Motor Press





Chain





0....) Supplies Its Own Power





No Belts

to Slip





 





 

 

 





 

 





..'.”‘T:i'_-‘__- L. '1'de ad _‘?\

2V2 to3‘/2 tons“;

per hour "





 





 





 





ever uSed.” -





@ZfiliS@





, p, tHE TRINIDAD-MK





 

 





 





 





fl stays put and stays tight against sun, rain,

. e Wind, snow, heat, cold, alkalis, and acids.

Put it'on all your buildings. Apply it with the Kant-leak Kleet.

Write us for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book. Free.





 





V

_ I740; "AI

“Al-IN





Philadelphia





New York San Francisco Chicago





The Barber Asphalt Paving Company

Largest producers of asph t. and largest

manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.
143-4





 





 





TVH‘E MICHIGAN . FARM'ER





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





, AUG. '23, 1913.





 





' BEST EVER ' .





SULKY AND GANG PLows





   





I?





 





Do he Bestokw "at the Least

Cost Per Acre '





The above illustration shows the BEST EVER SULKY completely turning





under a large crop of weeds.





The bottoms of the “BEST EVER” are so hung and the frame so perfectly

balanced that an even furrow is maintained at all times.

The moldboards are so shaped that every furrow is completely turned over





and thoroughly pulverized.





LIGHT DRAFT gllliptt‘BEST EVER” is the lightest draft plow





down the furrow like a wagon.





The wheels and tongue run straight

The wheels do not dig into the furrow walls





nor does the pole run at an angle as on other plows.





EASE OF OPERATION





The bottoms are raised and

the frame leveled, all by





one easy footlift operation. All landside friction can be quickly overcome by





eccentric washer on rear furrow wheel.





No bolts to bother with.





DURABILITY THE BEST EVER PLOWS are made of the best

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“Acme Shares Don’t Break”





1 Dept. 26





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ls endorsed by the leading agricul-}

tural experiment stations as the



best and most economical





 





Ni I“)





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

     

 





WWI, - source of Phosphorus. lt ap-'

, . . . l

, profits of peals to the Intelligent



$20.00 per farmer who utilizes na-





ture's abundant sup:

ply of Nitrogen by;

growing legumes

and keeping his





 





increased in val-

ue “50.00 per



acre. This is the re-

{sult secured by B. F.



Harris from an intelligent

system of farming in which

{11.000 lbs. of Rock Phosphate

,per acre was used once in each

'four-year rotation. Reported in Ia!-

‘urday Evening Po_.‘, June 13, 1913.





{Write us for literature and prices.





 





, Mention this paper

«pump...





Est-hill!” :R as. I5, #9 E’i’T‘T-‘i «C 'O'LZ'U H B IA'rI‘E N a."





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4 Dillsrsnt Sizes and Types.





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ALFALFA 33ft





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at! tort: now- Address

rtment 85





 





 





' BEAN} cues:

Minn lis. Minn.

Kmms CRY.MG

T30. Ft. Words. Tan





 





fllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlllllllllllllllIllllllIllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIlllllIllllllllllIllllllllE‘E

g 4 a a - E

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filllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||Illllllllllllll|||IllllllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllfi





SOME SANITARY PROBLEMS INCI-

DENT To THE WASTE OF

FARM MANURES.—-ll.





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.





We have mentioned the general and

gradual lowering of the vitality of farm

animals through continuous posturing on

a small field which is, of course, the one

great evil ofa permanent pasture now

that the farm unit is getting so much

smaller than in former years. The ques-

tion of the satisfactory disposal of farm-

yard refuse, manur‘es, etc., therefore as—

sumes a decidedly economic aspect. We

have, however, planned on calling to the

attention of farmers more particularly

the relation to human welfare and nat-

urally this necessitates a consideration of

the proper disposal of human sewage.





The ImpOrtanee of Water Supply and

Sewage DispOsal.



In a city it is generally considered that

the most important city problems are the

city's water supply and its sewage dis-

posal. But if these matters are import-

ant to a city, they are likewise important

to a rural community, and farmers have

not appreciated up to date the import-

ance 0f securing an unimpcachable water

supply for family use, and of a proper

disposal of the farm sewage. It is pat-

ent among sanitarians that the greatest

prevalence in general of such diseases as

typhoid fever is during the summer

months, quite frequently referred to as

the vacation months Cities of a more

or less definite monthly mortality are us-

ually shown during September and 00-

tober, the months following the return

from vacations, an exceedingly high ty-

phoid fever mortality. This, we believe.

is due in a large degree to the fact that

during the vacation period persons are

changing their food supply and particu-

larly their water supply, and going into

communities, rural districts. and resorts

where a careful scrutiny of the water

supply is not observed.





Many Farm Wells Polluted.



Many farm wells are literally breeding

places of disease. We have frequently

received samples of water from farm

homes in which the Fender would State

that he would like to have an analysis

of the water because he wanted to be

sure about it, for the water looked bad

and tasted batlyand smelled bad. We

are reminded of a trite saying of the late

Dr. R. C. Kedzie, in his classroom. He

said: “You can depend upon it that if

water looks bad, and tastes bad, and

smells bad. it is bad.” But the converse

of this is by no means always true.

Water may look good, and smell good,

and taste good. and yet be literally teem-

ing with disease producing bacteria.



The “Dug” Well Not Usually Safe.



There. are a great many points which

should be observed in the selection of a

place for securing the farm well. The

general topography of the land, the prox—

imity to possible sources of pollution, and

the character of the soil itself determine

very largely the type of well and its lo—

cality at the same time. It is not usually

desirable to use the old ”dug” type of

well as the source of the water supply

for family use. The pipe-driven wells, if

the locality is good, are usually very

satisfactory. The dug well, which is

bricked or crooked up, is very apt to be-

come a drainage center for the polluted

surrounding soil.



Having secured a desirable water sup—

ply, the next immediate slep is a proper

disposal of the human sewage, particu-

larly the ,human excreta. With a proper

disposal of the sewage on the farm, to-

gether With the securing of an adequate

and satisfactory water supply, the prin-

cipal precautionary measures against the

spread of typhoid fever, dysentery, and

such other diseases have been observed.





“ Typhoid Fever.



Probably the most important bacterial

disease which is caused almost entirely

by improper sanitation and improper dis-

posal of sewage is typhoid fever. Ty-

phoid fever is caused by the entrance in-

to the human system of typhoid germs

which are taken into the system in the

food supply or in the water supply. Ty-

phoid fever gets into the food supply or

into the water supply because of an ac-

tual contamination of those sources,

either directly or indirectly, from sew—

age. This infection may go to the water

supply through drainage from vaults and

other sources of, soil pollution. It may





 





_go to the food supply through the medi-





', um Of j imprOper, fertillmion of vegetable





foods or through washififi‘such vegeta-





_bles in polluted waterfand in a. very





common way, actually carried to the food

supply on the‘table and in the kitchen

by means of flies. Flie’s arenow recog-

nized to be great Carriers of typhoid fav-

er and are to be considered as dreaded





an enemy as is now generally conceded‘

carrying malaria and,





to the mosquito

yellow fever. ‘





_TYDhoid bacteria are very small .and,





Of course, can be seen only} through a

high, power microscope. According to

Stiles, it would take 12,000 of them plac-

ed end to end to cover one inch.





tinually giving off in the excreta. myriads

of typhoid bacilli and if this excreta. is

carelessly handled or improperly disposed

of it may be the means of carrying ty-

phoid infection not only to a farmer’s

family but, through the medium of the

vegetables on the farm or the milk, to

other families beyond his own.





The Typhoid Carriers.



Once a person contracts typhoid fever

it is difficult to tell without a careful

examination of the excreta when the pe-

riod of danger to others is ended through

the possible pollution from the excreta.

given off in a variety of ways from this

one patient. The safest and best plan,

especially in view of the fact that many

persons are now known to be in reality

actually carriers of typhoid fever, in oth-

er words, hosts of the disease, without

its affecting them in any way seriously

we say. the proper and safest way is to

carefullyplan and secure a proper gen-

eral sewage disposal on the farm.



Summer Diarrhoea.



Dysentery, or summer

children and grown persons as well is

a natural accompaniment of the polluted

food or drink supply. and is to be guard-

ed against in exactly the some way. It

is only a careless and foolish person who





will say: “Well. I am strong and heal—

thy, and can eat and drink anything I

will." That is a folly in the light Of





modern science, much more out of place

and much more ridiculous than the fa-

mous Defi of the Lightning, by Ajax.





 





HOW TO DETECT ADULTERATED

VETCH SEED.





 





The Department of Agriculture regards

the hairy vetch as so important a win-

ter cover and green manuring crop that

it is continuing its campaign to detect

adulteration and misbranding of seed. In

1912, there were examined 207 different

samples of this seed and of these 17 con-

tained no hairy vetch seed whatever,

while 190 samples consisted of a mixture

of hairy vetch, spring vetch and weed

vetch. Circular No. 45 of the Office of

the Secretary, If. S, Department of Agri-

culture, 1913. contains the name of the

dealers and the extent to which the seed

was adultel‘ated and will be supplied with-

out charge on application.



A very simple method by which the

farmer can detect the seed of most other

vetches from hairy vetch is as follows:

The difference in color of the interiorof

the seed shown by different kinds of

vetclles affords a ready means for detect-

ing the use of other vetch seed as an

:idulterant of hairy vetch. Crushed hairy

vetch seed is of a lemon-yellow color,

somewhat lighter on the flat than on the

rounded surface. The crushed seed of

most of the other vetches occurring with

the seed of the hairy vetch varies in col-

or from a dark fawn to reddish orange.



Crush a Small handful of seed and if

there are any fawn, salmon, or reddish

orange colored pieces the seed is not pure

hairy vetch.



Must of the hairy vetch seed now sold

in this country is imported from Russia.

The recent investigation in Russia by the

government seed Specialists shows that

the collectors of Russian seed were not

taking pains to keep it from being mixed

with other vetches and especially weed

vetches. Much of this seed grows wild in

rye fields with a number of weeds. The

remedy suggested by the Department for

this adulterated seed is for the American

farmer to raise his oWn hairy vetch seed

and so be certain that he is getting pure

seed. Incidentally, as soon as the Amer—

ican farmer begins to raise his own hairy

vetch seed he will get it at a much lower

price than now is asked for the imported

and frequently adultel‘a‘ted or misbranded

article—«Office of Information U. S. De-

partment of Agriculture.



The above information is of interest to

farmers who have vetch seed in hand

for immediate sowing. That purchased





since August 14 should bear tags show-,





ing its purity, yet this simple test may

well be applied—Eda. , ‘ ' '





A per- ,

sou suffering from typhoid fever is. con-.





 





diarrhoea, of ’
L





 





 





 





 





 





AUG. 23, 1913.





 





THE MICHIGAN ‘FATRMERV





5—149





 





 





THE LITTLE PEACH.



The little peach is another of the con-

undrums of peach growing. It vies with

the yellows in making the peach grower

trouble, and we know just about as much

of it as we do the yellows, which is not

very much.



This disease, like the yellows, is a bac-

terial trouble. Many of the theories ad-

vanced as to the cause of the yellows are

also advanced in the case of the little

peach. We know that it is a disease and

that it spreads, and that it has affected

our trees bad enough to have it compel

our serious attention.



It is apparently a newer trouble than

the yellows and it has undoubtedly been

as serious in this state as anywhere. It

is now considered by many to be more

destructive than the yellows, and. it is a

fact that during the past few years it

has been more prevalent.



The symptoms of this disease in a.

great many ways are the opposite of

those of the yellows. The fruit ripens

later than the normal time instead of

earlier, and the foliage is shorter and

broader instead of longer and narrower

than the normal foliage as in' the case of

the yellows.



The “littles” gets its name from the

smallness of the fruit, the fruit always

being below normal in size. XVhen ripe

the specimens have an'insipid taste and

the flesh is inclined to be stringy.



The leaves are yellowish in color, with

the veins of the leaf a darker and greener

color. The leaves have a droopy appear-'-

ance, and there seems to be many more

leaves on an affected branch than on the

normal tree. This gives the foliage a.

bunchy appearance. '



Some confuse the "littles” with con-

stant overbearing or the ripening of 'too





many pits. They claim that the tree has

overdone in production and therefore

bears only the small peaches. We find,





however, that thinning and fertilizing

will not help a tree which has the real

“littles.”





As with yellows, either a few limbs or

the whole of the tree can be diseased

and either young or old trees can be af-

fected.



Soil conditions may have something to

do with the little peach as we generally

find it worse on the lighter soils, especial-

ly in the colder sandy soils which have

hard pan frequently showing on the sur-

face, than we do on the clayey soils.





The numerous conditions that are mis-

taken for the yellows will also be taken

for the little peach. Among these are

winter injury, sour soil, black aphis, and

injury to the cambium layer of the tree

by mice, rabbits, cultivation tools, etc.



Occasionally we find trees which 'have

both the yellows and the little peach.

Such trees often confuse those who have

knowledge of both diseases but do not

know that they can exist together. The

tree so affected generally shows the fol-

iage symptoms of the little peach and the

symptoms of the yellows in the fruit.



As with the yellows, the little peach

should be cut out of the orchard as soon

as found, and the entire tree burned.

Trees having both diSeases should, of

course, be treated in the same way.

Trees having only one or tw0 limbs of

either of these troubles should be cut

out entirely.



Cutting out and burning are the only

means we have of fighting these troubles

and we should freely use the ax and

match. Rather cut down a tree which

has neither of these diseases than to

leave a diseased one stand.



Vian Buren C0. FRANK A, WILKEN.





\THE smack—"nor OF THE CABBAGE.





 





The black rot of the cabbage has been

causing a large amount of damage

over a wide extent of territory and has

been found on all the common varieties

of cabbages. Cauliflower and many spe-

cies of cultivated and wild cruciferous

plants have been found to be infected

with this disease.



Warm days and cool nights accompa-

nied by plenty of moisture make favor-

able conditions for its development, while

cool days, warm dry nights, and dry soil

act as a check.



Erwin F. Smith who has done some of

the‘ finest work in the Bureau of Plant

Industry, has made a. careful study of

the black rot of the cabbage and gave





 





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, g .

- Hem-culture.

:figlimlmiillil|||||IilIl|llIllINl|IlliiIlllIIIiilllflHllllilHlHllillilIll|IHHIIIIlllll||i|llIlillllIlillilIIIIIIlllllllll||llillIlll||llllllllll|IlillIlllllllil||||||IlliillllllilllmllliilllillilllllllllllllllillllllllilHlllillHlll||i||MINNIE





the results of his investigation in Farm-

ers’ Bulletin No. 68. The symptoms of

the black rot first appear on the margins

of the leaves and the diseased areas be-

come yellow with the exception of the

veins, which are blackened. Erwin

Smith says that ”the leaves appear to

have ‘burnt edges.’ From the margin of

the leaf, the progress of the disease is

inward and downward through the stem.

It usually enters the latter through the

leaves. Subsequently the disease passes

out again from the infected stem into

healthy leaves and up into the center of

the head.” In describing the action of

the leaves during the development of the

disease, he says: “Leaves attacked in

this manner fall off prematurely one af-

ter another, leaving in bad cases a more

or less elongated stern covered with leaf

scars and crowned with a tuft of small

leaves. If the disease has entered the

stem only on one side, that side is

dwarfed and the head becomes one-

sided.”



The disease often attacks young plants

and kills them and in some localities

where many cabbages have been raised

for the sauerkraut factories, the farmers

have had to turn to other crops because

of the losses from this serious trouble.

The disease is often spread by throwing

cabbage refuse into compost heaps and

later distributing it broadcast over the

fields. Experiments have led the inves-

tigators to believe that the germs can





live through the winter in the soil and

also for at least a year on the seed.

The protection against this disease





must be preventative treatment and the

seed bed should be carefully watched and

thoroughly cleaned

are found growing there. If diseased

plants are transplanted to the cabbage

field, it brings about a dangerous situa-

tion. Some growers have picked off the

diseased leaves and burned them, hoping

to prevent insects from carrying the in-

fection from one plant to its neighbor.

The result of this experiment showed it

to be a poor method of control as the

cabbage plants were soon entirely pulled

up in the effort to continue the destruc-

tion of the diseased leaves, and it seem-

ed to have no influence on checking the

spread of the organism.



When it is suspected that the disease

is present in the locality, the cabbage

seed should be treated with mercuric

bichlorid (1 to 1,000) for about 15 min-

utes. The seed treatment and a careful

watch of the seed bed are the only meth-

ods of prevention, as after the trouble

has gained a good start on the cabbage

land, the only method of control is to

practice a rotation of crops until the or-

ganism is completely eliminated from the

soil.





Ingham Co. B. G. Kran.





DO APPLE TREES DEGENERATE?





 





This is a question that horticulturists

have discussed for years. Knight, fore-

most of all, a hundred years ago, main-

tained that varieties of cultivated plants

deteriorate with age. There has been

scarcely a horticulturist of prominence

since who has not pronounced for or

against this View. Plant growers are al-

most unanimous in the verdict that “va-

rieties do degenerate,” while scientists

are equally firm against the theory. The

New York Agricultural Experiment Sta-

tion has been making a study of the

subject and it has been announced that

so far as evidence secured by that sta-

tion shows, it would seem that the fruit

grower is safe in assuming that for prac-

tical purposes varieties of apples do not

degenerate. Neither do they change.

\Yhile a tree will now and then wear out

it is because of neglect, unsuitable soil,

insects and disease.



Baldwin apples have been under culti-

vation on the New York Station grounds

since about 1740, yet they show no signs

of deterioration. Though Baldwin is the

most widely planted apple in America,

the whole progeny of the original tree,

with the exception of the Russet Bald-

win, is uniformly the same when grown

under identical conditions. A Rhode Is-

land Greening tree in the station orchard

propagated from what is supposed to be

the original Rhode Island Greening. about

200 years old, is the same in growth and

bears apples no better, no worse, than

trees several generations removed from

the parent plant. The Roxbury Russet,





if any infected plants'





Ladyand Fameuse, all grown for three

centuries, show no impairment of vigor

or change in characters by comparison

of the growing plants with descriptions

in old textbooks.





4





THE STRAWBERRY SEASON OF 1913.





 





Another season’s experience has made

it more clearly evident than ever that it

is not wise to estimate a strawberry crop

beforehand with any great expectation of

iaving our estimate realized. When

growth in the plants of the present sea-

son's fruiting bed‘was in the making

last May, there was nothing to indicate

that the harvest would be the most dis-

appointing of any in all our experience

extending over a period of 24 years, but

with the exception of two instances, per-

haps, such has proven to be the case,

and the cause of the short crop was due

to unfavorable weather conditions during

bloom. Not only was the average tem-

perature below the normal, but there

were many light frosts, which, though not

killing the blossoms outright resulted in

improper pollenation. It is very likely

that the heavy mulch which protected

the surface of the ground in our patch

made matters worse, by aiding, as it did,

in maintaining a low temperature in the

soil.



Complaints of improper pollenation were

general, though some fields showed a

smaller per cent of imperfect fruit than

did others, still the yield was generally

far below an average, and the quality was

not anywhere near up to the usual stan-

dard of excellence.



Owing to the scarcity of imported fruit,

due to the short crop in the “fruit belt,”

the price of strawberries started in two

or three cents higher on the quart than

the usual price, retailing at 16 to 20 cents

the quart box, and because of the short

home. crop prices held higher than usual

throughout the season. But this by no

manner'of means made up for the short-

age in the crop. These growers who re-

ceived for the crop sufficient to cover the

cost of growing and harvesting the same,

with a balance to the credit side of the

crop were indeed fortunate, but the writ-

er is not one of these.



Scientific principles rightly implied will



do much to heighten the grower’s chances

for commensurate remuneration, but it

sometimes happens that after all has

been done that can be done. natural laws

step in and all our well laid plans come

to naught. Uncertainties as to what the

outcome will be is a factor Which must

always remain a part of the business of

securing 'a livelihood from tilling the

earth.

. One very noticeable feature in connec-

tion with the strawberry crop of the

present season, was the amount and time-

liness of the showers that made irriga-

tion unnecessary, with us. The mulch of

straw that was a detriment during the

blooming period, for the reason mention-

ed above, held the moisture so well that

it was not necessary to set in operation

our irrigation outfit until the fruit began

to ripen. After it had been working two

or three days, copious rains came at in-

tervals to supply the needed moisture,

consequently there was a saving made

in gasoline and in labor.



Not for many years have conditions

been so favorable to the ripening of the

strawberry crop, as during the one just





past. Systematically and intelligently ap--

plied effort always bring abundant results

from the soil if only the hquandman

could have the assistance of all of the





elements of nature, but it would seem

that when one of these is favorable, one

or more of them work adversely to the

interests of the farmer—frosts. dry

weather, destructive storms, may at any

time work injury to the grbwing crops,

and consequently diminishing the value

of his efforts.





Emmett Co. M. N. EDGERTON.





THE OAKLAND HORTICULTURAL '

SOCIETY.





 





 





 





The next meeting of the Oakland

County Horticultural Society will be held

on Saturday, August 30, instead of Sep—

tember 6, at Mrs. H. C. \Vard’s fruit

farm at Square Lake. The meeting will

commence at 10:30 a. m., standard time,

and the program will be as follows:

Morning, “Should not Oakland county de-

velop a special market for the Steele

Red?" DiscuSSion led by the president,

Mr Charles Bingham.



“Some Fruit Experiences,” Mrs H C,

Ward.



Discussion of plans for the county ex-

hibit of fruit at the State Fair.



Afternoon: Lecture and orchard dem-

.onstration on "Grading Apples” by Prof

O. K. White, of M. A. C.



Take the Northwestern car line and

get off at “Keego Harbor.” Mrs Ward

will have automobi’res at this station at

9:30 a. m., standard time, to convey

guests to her fruit farm for the meet-

ing—S. E. Sly, Secretary.





AN OLD NURSE .

Perla-dad Doctor to Drink Postum.





An old faithful nurse and an experi-

enced doctor, are a pretty strong combi-

nation in favor of Postum, instead of tea.

and coffee.



The doctor said:



"I began to drink Postum five years

ago on the advice of an old nurse.



“During an unusually busy winter, be-

tween coffee, tea and overwork, I be-

came a victim of insomnia. In a month

after beginning Postum, in place of tea,

and coffee, I could eat anything and sleep

as soundly as a baby.



“In three months I had gained twenty

pounds in weight. I now use Postum

altogether instead of tea and coffee; even

at bedtime with a soda cracker or some

other tasty biscuit.



“Having a little tendency to Diabetes,

I used a small quantity of saccharine in—

stead of sugar, to sweeten with. I may

add that today tea or coffee are never

preSent in our house and very many

patients, on my advice, have adopted

Postum as 'their regular beverage.



“In conclusion I can assure anyone

that, as a refreshing. nourishing and

nerve-strengthening beverage, there is

nothing equal to Postum.



Name given by POStum Co.,

Creek. Mich. Write for booklet,

Road to \Vellville.”



Postum comes in two forms.



Regular (must be boiled).



m Postum doesn’t require boil-

ing but is prepared instantly by stirring

a level teaspoonful in an ordinary cup

of hot water, which makes it right for

mOSt persons.



A big cup requires more and some

people who like strong things put in a

heaping spoonful End—Temper it with a

large supply of cream.



Experiment until you know the amount

that pleases your palate and have it

served that way in the future.



“There’s a. Reason" for Postum.





Bean Money EGGS II) the Balik





Battle

“The





 





 





The Old Reliable and Genuine “Miller Bean

Harvester" has harvested more beans tor

Michigan Farmers for 30 years than all other

makes combined. They do good work under all

circumstances and cost no more than the

"lmltntlono." Leave your order with your

dealer now and be ready for that. Bumper Crop.





LE ROY PLOW COMPANY,

Le Roy, N. Y.





ALFALFN





AMERICAN NORTHERN GROWN ,.,





Guaranteed to be99$ pure and free from dodder.

Write for sample on which we invite you to get

Government tests. We do not handle Turkestan

“Dwarf Alfalfa" or cheap inferior European seed.

We refuse to handle anything but the very best.‘

Experiment Stations agree that American Seed ex-

cels all other.





 





Our seed should produce buy at. $60

per acre annually. Write for catalog and folder

which contains valuable information that. you

should know about. We are sure it. will interest you





GRAIN MID GRASS SEEII





Northern grown and of strongest vitality. We

handle export grade only and can furnish grass

mixture suitable for any soils. Write for catalog.





WING SEED 60.. Box 242 , Mochanlcsbura. O.





SEED WHEAT





GOEING WHEAT. A hardly variety of bearded

red wheat. Stiil‘otraw. Never od es. Very produc-

tive. Ilheve rown it forlyears. rite for sample

and price. OLON O. L LLIE. Coopersville, Mich.





—Niagara. a. hardy, bearded

seed WI'Ieat red wheat. Very haav

and productive. Goeing.a bearded red wheat, bti

straw and a good yielder, Write for sample and

prices. E. H.& J. WCOLLAR Coopersville, Mich.





FALL PLANTING lS BESTigtétt'éfieiI‘ii‘ii'ifi

of Apple. Peach, Pear. Cherry. and other Trees





and plants. Send for catalog at once and order for

early fall





plant...“ Ernst Nurseries,Box 2 ,.Moscow,0





gdfi bE 13 WiH E AT Efalhvyvitlvlfiy

in A

y wxitiibn°°fi figs?'na§°§%333?’n§i§h°§§fl“





SEE“ .wnE‘I—Buy improved seed wheat. direct from

the producer. American Banner, Early

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the highest yieidIng and best all round wheats testeg

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SEED “E‘I—llfieglggggsodgzvhite variotéfhorougg;

bu. in. bags extra.f

poo





 





 





 





. bLy (3.119 Ergo l b

EDWARD vA'Non. ZEBBfildrfs, y Iii?!





.0” cUIII43 Seed Wheat Cleaned bald 1913 Non-0R over





bu. per acre. ervbu.

free. Mun4cytown Stock Farm. $1M: Bock, child?“





When writing advertisers

ImcntIon The Michigan Farmer.





please
Irv-named e. on. Satisfaction.





Gombault’s

Caustic Balsam





lies imitators But lie competitors.





A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for

Curb, B lint. Sweeny. Osp ed Book,

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As s Hum Rented for Bheu

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Every bottle of Cnustic Balsam sold is



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ts use. WSend :- descriptive circulsrs.

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WEST MICHIGAN





TATE FAIR





At GRAND RAPIDS





5 Days and 5 Evenings.





Opens Monday, Sept. lsi





C 0 NT E ST S:

Judging Contest, Spelling Contest, Baking Contest

BETTER BABIES CONTEST.





12 Harness Races. All Purses $600





Grounds. Buildings and Exhibits Lighted

with Electricity.





Aeroplane Flights Every Afternoon





PAIII’S BATTLE III TIIE CLOUDS

Willi $1000.00 Fireworks Display Every Evening.





Entries to all classes close Diondny. Aug. 25th.

Special Trains for all needs.





One sdmission entitles you to stay until

gates are closed.





JCSEPII ll. BREWER, President.

CllAS. F. KENNEDY, Secretary.





 





 





 





It pays to bale your hay in





DEDERICK’S '





STANDARD





Baling Presses





Catalogue Free





P. K. DEDERICK’S SONS.

so 'nvou se.. Albany. N. Y.





the -





 





 





 





MINERAL

tnuse ”HEAVE‘





*g, over





years REMEDY





 

 

 





83 Package OURES any case or money refunded

81 Packege OURES ordinan cases. Mineral [leave

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smcK ME" I ing an individual herd cats-



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THE HASKINS SERVICE C0 WIPANY Howsnl City. Mich.





REG Percherons, Sher-thorns Shropshires and

Duroc Jerseys for sale cheap. as 2 of my bnrns

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burned Aug

ASK BARTLETT eo.,





H06 FEED GHEA iAcKsou, men.





F O R SA L E“u ““8 1".“‘3wc'3"§2.2§





old. THE MAPLES. Mudjger. Michigan.





(What you got.) Registered Percheron Stallion.



block, 17% hands high. weighs 13» lbs. Tish ho Is



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Iiielr. Earner vireo writing to advertisers.





 





If you are thinking of issu-





 





 





 





.dentiul





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





T has been said that if we could

foresee as well as we can “hind-

see,” we would all be rich, the world

would be a real Utopia. It is not given

to us to know what the future has in

store for us, and many times We realize

that it is well we do not know. Many of

our troubles are those that never hap-

pen, and many that do come to pass are

the result of our own ignorance and care-

lessness. A little use of ordinary com-

mon sense would many times keep us

right on the road to success in our bus—

iness and in our general life.



This is a, world of contrasts, an ever—

changing succession of opposites. Noth-

ing stands still. Like the pendulum of

a clock it is ever moving: while there

are times when the limits of the pen-

dulum's arc must be reached yet the

larger part of its sweep is within a far

smaller space. Somewhat similar is the





position of Sheep raising in Michigan

agriculture. Just; now the pendulum

which indicates the financial position of





the sheep seems to have swung far over

to the Side which denotes depression. As

we look back, however, over the history

of the Stale and consider the place that

the sheep has held in its agricultural de-

volopment we. Can not‘ help but think

that he will soon swing back into his

more accustomed place of average steady





profit, and some time not far distant

even continue from the force of mo-

mentum over to the very profitable

point.





Timidity Common to Sheep and Owners.



The sheep is a timid animal. He is

easily frightened. Nature has given him

slight means for self defense. By force

of numbers only does he think to pro-

tect himself. In time of danger he runs

and crowds with his neighbors, and thus

flocked together seems to think he can

escape even at the expense of his neigh-

bor. Many times we think that the men

who raise and handle sheep are too much





like their flocks. They are too easily

frightencd and they crowd together too

much. Then so soon as the danger is

past they quickly again venture afar,

perhaps into forbidden pastures or in

unknown fields.



Did you ever watch a flock of sheep





spread out to graze, following one or two

leaders, perhaps an old bell-wether, into

the furthest corner of the field, when

suddenly the old wethcr looks up, sees

his shadow, becomes frightened, turns





and runs back through the flock, all the





rest at the sound and sight of his run—

ning, turning and rushing with him?

Thus it seems to be with too many men

who raise sheep. When wool and mut—

ton bring what seems a good price. and

everything seems to be going nicely,

farmers increase their flocks, and their

neighbors, thinking there is easy money

in sheep, are eager to buy. This helps

to increase- prices for breeding stock and

for a. time curtail the supply of market

stuff. Then the price of wool declines

and perhaps lamb and mutton likewise

take a tumble. 'Immediately there is a

rush to sell sheep. It is one mad scram-

ble to get rid of the sheep. Price is no

object. Then when all is over these

same farmers will say sheep do not pay,

and when the next advance in prices





’ comes along they will be just as eager





to buy again. However popular such

methods may be and however many men

may follow them, does not make them

profitable. Profits do not come-that way.

An even, steady course that provides for

dark times and does not run wild when

the high tide of prosperity flows is the

one that wins.



Now seems to be

when men want to sell.

the present depression in sheep

marily due to the proposed tariff legis-

lation as to wool by the dominant party.

Contrary to all ante—election promises

and clubbed by the big stick of presi-

patronuge the present Congress

proposes to remove, all the duties on

both wool and mutton, a conditionwhich

has not previously obtained but once in

almost a century, and never under ‘con-

ditions similar to the present. Moreover,

no single industry affected so greatly by

tariff duties is thus treated, without any

opportunity to adjust itself to changed

conditions. That the 'results will be, in

fact are already,

iness no man can deny. However, not

all the supporters of this policy are quite

so frank as was the candidate for con-

gressman-at-large

who advised the "farmers in one of the

largest sheep-raising sections in the state

to sell their sheep and go into cattle, for





one of the times

The cause of





is prl-I





detrimental to the bus-.





in Michigan last fall,





Sheep PrOspects for Michigan Farmers.





‘ I





sheep Were not profitable.

wool dealer!

DOn’t Sell the Sheep.



But the farmer who has a flock of

sheep, while he may be discouraged.

should not sell them to quit sheep rais—

ing, because prices 'are low just now.

There is one thing that too many people

fail to realize and that is that when they

hit the sheepman and the farmer who

raises Sheep they hit everybody else

along the line. Every line of business

will be affected. The present American

industrial and financial world is so com—

plex and so interdependent that when

any part of it is affected for good or ill





And he is a.





all the rest feel it. Vthn the man who

secures a part or much of his income

from his wool clip and his lamb crop,





has that income seriously reduced, his

purchasing power is correspondingly cur-

taield; and in the aggregate over this

great country this is no inconsiderablc

sum. So We see other lines of business

affected as the sheep business. Nothing

can be gained by selling the flock for

what you can get. If you do sell what

can you buy that will do any better for

you?

The Sheep Has a Permanent Place

‘ Our Agriculture.

Regardless of what the doctrinaire or





in





the theorist may say, the sheep has a

permanent place in American, and es-

pecially Michigan. agriculture. The im-





portance of this position must be deter-

mined by the attendant conditions of

production and profit as compared with

other farm products. In spite of chang—

ing conditions and great fluctuations in

the value of his products, the sheep has

maintained his importance in Michigan

for over a half century. The character

of the industry has changed. Wool is no

longer the sole purpose of a sheep. Mut-

ton has demonstrated its importance as

a food. The feeding industry has de-

veloped. Various phases of sheep raising

and maturing have been introduced and

established. The important fact is, that

most Michigan farmers have found the

sheep indispensable to the most profitable

conduct of their farmS. The best form-

ing sections in the state judged by the

fertility and general appearance- of the

farms as well as by the bank deposits of

their urban centers, are those where

sheep find an important place in the

farm curriculum.



There are some considerations which

should make his place secure on Michi-

gan farms. His ability as a soil con-

server and builder have been so often

and so fully demonstrated that it seems

needless to enlarge upon its importance

in this connection. The matter of in-

vestment, both as to the flock itself and

the equipment in buildings and fences

for its proper care Should make sheep

an essential part of a farmer's live stock.

Labor is no small item on the farm these

days and the sheep requires as little for

the returns he brings as anything we

know.



Some Sheep History.



Beyond these factors which concern

production we can look and consider

some conditions which affect the farmer

and his flock. The last quarter century

has seen the greatest development of

sheep raising on the western range that

this country will ever witness. From

this section has come the strongest com—

petition of the eastern and central states

farmer who raises sheep. The west lids

furnished the Michigan feeder with his

lambs. These conditions are changing.

”Wool growing and sheep raising as hand-

led under range conditions, is fast being

contracted. The continual influx of set-





tlers in many sections and the policy of





the conservation—crazy people led 'by

Pinchot which has continuously and con-

sistently opposed the sheepman, are put-

ting many of the latter out of businer.



Again, some sections directly interest-

ed are advocating a lease law, and they

are being supported by eastern people

who have little or no knowledge of west-

ern needs and conditions but think to

derive a pecuniary benefit through an in-

crease in the revenues of the federal gov-

ernment from Such source. So far all

the laws proposed have been so drawn

that their working out will result in ad-

vantage to the cattle raiser to the detri-

ment of the sheepman. That some law

looking to the leasing of the remaining

public domain will eventually be passed

we believe. and unless some proposition

radically different from any yet proposed

is advanced and enacted the result will

be to close to sheep much range which

is now available to them.





 





AUG. 23, 1913.





’. . a.” i

.In the very prosperous feheep times of

five to ten years ago, m‘a'ny’men who

knew nothing about sheep 'went into the

busiriess. With the advent of hard win-

ters, big losses, and lower prices hese

men have quit sheep. Just now cattle

are bringing very high prices and most

western men are buying cows or steers.

There seems to be a glamor about the

rattle business that attracts the average

mun more than sheep. Then, too, the

homesteader can buy a few cattle, turn

them on the outside range during the

Summer, and feed them through the win—

ter with little labOr expense, where sheep

require constant attention unless the

land is' tightly fenced. “’ith the settle-

ment of the west will necessarily come

much live stock, but in the early

stages of this development it will be

largely confined to cattle and wherever

the sheep are forced out it will be a

long time before they find their way back

under the new conditions. Thus while

the range sheep business may not be

completely extinguished yet it will be so

contracted that it will cease to be the

dominant factor in» the total production

of the country that it has been in the

past

Western Consumption

Another factor which will eventually

reduce’ the western lamb and mutton

product to a small item so for as it com-

petes with the farmer’s product is the

rapidly increasing population in the west-

ern states, especially on the Pacific coast,

and the establishment of markets and

packing houses in their large cities. Al—

ready have the beginnings been made

and we see much live stock going to

Denver, Portland, Seattle, and Los An-

geles. Again, with the development of

irrigation projects and the settlement of

muny dry‘farmers comes large quantities

of forage and grain seeking a market.

Nothing furnishes one more profitable

than the sheep. \\'e have seen the de—

velopment of northern Colorado by the

sheep and lamb—feeding route, and right

now there are many other sections which

are \in the same process of development.

For example, the Platte river section in

western Nebraska, the Twin Falls and

Boise country in Idaho. the Yellowstone

Valley in Montana, the Big Horn Basin

in Wyoming, and many others. All this

development means one thing. The sheep

raised in the west will be fattened ready

for ,the block in the west and western

people will eat many of them. \Vhat this

means to the eastern farmer should be

easily deducible. .

Again, the United, States is a compar-

atively new country. in the years re-

cently past there has been much new

land brought into use for grazing and

agricultural purposes, which factors have

combined to cheapen cost of production

and supply competition which the strictly

agricultural live stack producer has been

hard put to meet. At the same time the

population of the country was not enough

to consume its meat pr‘oducts.- Recall

our exports of meats in years not so long

gone and then note the conditions the.

last few years. In the last five years our

meat exports have decreased 40 per

cent. Census statistics show that the

population is increasing and at the same

time our meat animals are 'actually de-

creasing. V’Vith reference to sheep there

is no known place in the entire world

today, with the possible exception of

South Africa, where the number of sheep

is actually increasing. Market prices for

meat productstoday forcibly demonstrate

that they are profitable to the producer.

\i'itli an increasing number of people- to

eat meat and even no decrease in the

supply, the inevitable result would be an

enhancement of prices to',zthe producer.

Ever since Adam’s son became a keep-

er of sheep have they found an important





Increasing.





place in the industrial development of

every people. The first writer on Eng~

lish agriculture declared in the early





part of the sixteenth century that “sheep

Is the most profilablesf. cattel that any I

man can have,” and they have ever held

a Ifiominent place, in English farm-

ing. Their periods of prosperity have

been coexistent with that of general bus-

iness. When the shepherd has come up-

on hard times, has also his neighbor

found the hand of plenty withdrawn.



Ponder these facts well, consider how

indispensable is wool and mutton for

clothes and food for man. remember that

every people through all the ages have

ever held to their flocks which trod their

lands with golden hoofs and brought,

them their golden fleece. Take new

courage, use your native common sense,

keep and improve your flock that you

may be ready to reap the reward of the

better day when it shall come.



Wyoming. Roscoe: Woop.
' al-lIIIIIIIIlIIllIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||I|llIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIII|llIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII n





 





. annually.”





 





 





AUG. 23, 1913.





"—"IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIII|lIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII“—5





Dairy.





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIF





 





a'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIlIIlIllIlIILL_‘='





g

[F

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





SUMMER DAIRYING BEING FAVORED.





 





Within the last few years conditions in

dalrying have changed somewhat with

reference to the profitableness of winter

dairying or summer dairying; that is,

with reference to when we shall have the

majority of the cows freshen. Ten years

ago there wasn’t any doubt about its be-

ing much more profitable to have the

cows freshen in the’ fall. One of the

principal reasons was that dairy products

are always higher in winter time than

they were in the summer time. When

the flush came in spring and the majority

of the cows freshened there was such a

surplus of dairy products that the price

went down to almOSt below the cost of

production. Now, however, two condi-

tions have come about which make a

great difference in this respect. One is

the modern system of cold storage, and

this has a great effect upon the summer

price of dairy products. Dealers put but-

ter and cheese into cold storage. It is

kept there in excellent condition so that

the surplus, which usually demoralizes

the market, is taken care of and held

over until the season of shortage comes.

This helps to equalize the price of but-

ter and cheese during the whole year.

Consequently summer prices are not as

low as they used to be, and winter prices

are not as high comparatively.



Then, again, another condition which

has affected the price of summer dairy

products is the wonderful demand at the

present time ~for ice cream. \Ve can

scarcely realize the amount of cream that

is taken to supply ice cream manufac—

turers during the hot weather of summer

now. A few years ago ice cream was a.

luxury, but today it is becoming a nec-

esSity to almost the entire population,

and the demand seems to be increasing

every year. This is a good thing for the

dairyman because it makes a demand for

cream just when the ilood of dairy pro--

ducts come. This denund, of course,

also helps in leveling the prices Of sum-

mer and winter prices for butter. There

is not as much summer butter produced

now as there was before this unprece-

dented demand for ice cream came about.

\Vhere the demand for ice cream will

end nobody knows, and of course the

dairyman does not care. He is interest-

ed in having the demand for ice cream

increase because it makes dairying more

profitable.





 





HOLSTEIN BREEDERS AT GRAND

RAPIDS.





The third annual picnic of the West

Michigan Holstein Breeders’ Association

was held at North Park, Grand Rapids,

August 13, and there was a fine proglam





'Of talks in the aftelnoon, following the





dinner. President \Villard, of Grand Rap-

ids, called on H. II. Halliday, head of

the state live stock sanitary commis-

sion, for the opening address and Mr.

Halliday said in part: “I have been a.

farmer all my life, and a member of this

board for two years, and am amazed at

the progress Michigan is making along

dairy lines. It is the purpose of the live

stock board to do you good, not harm.

We are putting men 011 their honor, in

establishing to a great extent. their oWn

quarantines, but when we find a man

who is slippery, who is not to be trust-

ed, we are after him. The new law

places the state veterinarian on a yearly

salary of $2,000, and he devotes his en-

tire time to this work. Dr. George W.

Dumphy has been selected for the office

and his headquarters will probably be at

the Michigan Agricultural College, East

Lansing, Where there is free use of the

laboratory, saving the state at least $1,000

In reply to questions, Mr.

Halliday said it is not advisable to keep

tubercular and healthy cattle on the same

farm. Creameries should be required to

pasteurize skim-milk before it goes back

to the farm to feed. Since tuberculosis

is not inherited the economy plan of seg-

regating valuable tubercular cattle on a

farm, rather than immediate slaughter of

them, appeals to him. In closing he re-

ferred to hog cholera, which is now in

epidemic form in Branch county, and

urged quick action in stamping it out

wherever found.



Prof. Anderson, of the dairying depart-





, merit. M. A. C.. was the next speaker and





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





in opening‘he gave ‘some Holstein his-

tory. He- said:‘ “The first Holstein-Fre-

sion cow was brOught to this country

from Holland in 1852 by W. W. Chenery,

of Massachusetts, and in 1859 and 1860,

he brought over a few more, but these

animals and their progeny soon contract-

ed pleuro-pneumonia and died. In 1861

he imported a bull and four cows, which

was the beginning of the Holstein cattle

industry here. The Hon. M. L. Sweet, of

Grand Rapids, in 1877, brought the first

black and white cattle to Michigan from

New York state, and the following year 20

head were brought to Michigan, 13 of

them going to the Saginaw and Bay City

district, three to Pontiac, two to Lowell,

Kent county. In 1879 seven head were

brought in; in 1880, 15 head; in 1881,

23 head; in 1882, 54 head. In 1883 Mr.

Sweet imported 70 head and from this

time importation was rapid and the breed

well established in the state. As to ex-

hibits at fairs the first two animals were

shown in 1878 and in 1879. There were

27 entries at the state fair. The first

cows were put on advanced registry lists

in 1884. There are 2,500 to 3,000 farmers

in the state who own one or more Hol-

steins and the number is fast increasing.

In changing to a dairy state and in sup-

planting to a large extent the Shorthorns

this larger type, the Holstein-Friesian,

has made special appeal to the breeders.

Along with the black and white cattle

have come the creamerie-s, the conden—

sories, and the increasing demand‘ for

market milk in cities. In c'lOsing let me

warn you to keep up the quality by care—

ful selection and the weeding out of the

unfit, which will help you more than any-

thing else, this in connection with con-

scinetious and honest dealing.”



John C. Ketcham, of Barry county,

master of the State Grange, was the last

speaker, and spoke of dairying as a

science and a business, making many val-

uable suggestions. “If you cannot afford

a pure—bred herd,” said he, “at least put

a pure-bred sire at the head of your

grade cattle. Select a breed and then

hang on. The trouble wigh Americans is

that they want results in 24 hours.”



Kent CO. A. GRIFFEN.





SUMMER FEEDING OF COWS. V





 





Our cows now are on nearly full feed

in the barn. The pastures are getting

short and we miss our corn silage. It is

going to take a full feed of hay from now

until the corn silage comes in September.

This is going to eat into our crop of hay

materially and we will have no surplus

hay this year. Last year we didn’t have

to feed any silage or any hay to amount

to anything all through July and the

biggest share of August. There was so

much rain that there was ample pasture.

But this year it will take the hay which

we will need ncxt winter. On the other

hand, I don’t think there is any question

but what the pea and oat straw this

ye car will be practically as good forage

as the clover hay was last, and we can

feed that, while last year that was ruined

with so much rain and we got nothing

out of it Only for bedding. If we only

had corn silage now to feed once a day

it would save one feed a (lay and it would

come in very handy, and not only that

but it would furnish a succulent food for

the cows and it would be better and

cheaper. But here again we can’t al-

ways do what we want to but have to

do the best we can under the circum-

stances, and the farmer is up against

this at every turn. Of course, I know

that by using our best judgment, and

by having ample experience to back

up this judgment, we can get around

a great many of these things, but I

never yet was able to overcome all of

the difficulties which were caused by

such various changes in seasons, and I

never expect to get into that condition.

All in all, however, this season promises

much better than last. The Old saying

is that “dry weather scares you, but

wet weather drowns you," and there is

more truth than poetry in that. Es-

pecially on our land we can stand more

of a drought than most people would

naturally think and have good crops, and

yet when we have an extremely wet sea-

son we can get practically nothing from

the land.





 





The recent decline in prices for com-

mon cattle in the Chicago and other mar-

kets of the country was what had been

expected for some time, as they had sold

much nearer to fat cattle than usual.





It is stated that Missouri has raised

30 per cent more calves this year than

last and has sent 50 per cent less veals

to market, while nearly all the heifers

have been bred.





 





7 -151





 





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The 0 Michigan Farmer





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

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....President

. . ...Vioe-President

.. .......Seo.«'l‘reas.





 





 





REF





 





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0. E. ‘3’)! NG.. ..... ............ Associate

BU .. .... ............. Editors.

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RATES OF ADVERTISING:





40 cents per line agate measurement. or $5. 60 per

inch each insertion. o adv' t inserted for less than

$1. 20 or insertion



0:? o lottery quack doctor or swindling advertise-

ments inserted at any price



Entered as seconl class matter at the Detroit. Mich-

igan, postofiice.





COPYRIGHT l9l3





by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All personsare warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

this issue without our written permission.





DETROIT, AUGUST 23, 1913.





 





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT’ COMMENT.





 





No season of the year

The Farmer and offers the farmer great-

the Fairs. er opportunity to gain

knowledge useful to

him in his business than does the season

of agricultural fairs. Here will be found

gathered. not only the choicer products

of the farms, but as well the most highly

developed products of the factory in all

lines which are in any way related to ag—

riculture. 'When these products are gath-

ered in one place so that the fair patron

has the opportunity of comparing them,

the largest educational opportunity is af-

forded.



As usual, this year the larger fairs will

be held first. theiseason opening with the

\Vest Michigan State Fair at Grand Rap-

ids. which will be held September 1 to 5

incluSive, while the State Fair will be

held the second week thereafter, or from

September 15 to 20 inclusive.



The first of the above mentioned fairs

has grown from what was originally a

district fair into sufficient importance to

justify the term of a state exhibit, while

the retention of the words “West Michi-

gan” for its title serves to typify its

character as representative of the agri-

cultural interests of the- state in general

and of western Michigan in particular.

Every farmer who lives within easy reach

of Grand Rapids or who. can arrange to

attend this fair will be well repaid for

his time and expense.



Of still greater importance and interest

to every farmer will prove the Michigan

State Fair, which will be held at Detroit

on the dates above noted and where the

opportunity to compare the best in agri-

cultural products and manufactures will

be better than ever before. Aside from

the educational factors to be considered

the entertainment features will be well

worth while to every member of_the farm

family and in planning the fall work this

date should be kept open in order that

no member of the family be deprived of

the benefit to be derived from attending

the State Fair



or perhaps lesser educational value in

some ways, yet giving even greater op-

portunity for beneficial comparison, are

the exhibits to be found at the district

and local fairs, where often the patron

may know the exhibitors and gain‘some

knowledge of the conditions under which

the different products were m'oduced.‘the

methods of production employed, etc.

There is no question but that the bene-

fits to be derived from attending the state,

district and local fairs are out of all pro-

portion to the time and expense involved

and every Michigan Farmer reader should

avail himself of the opportunity thus af-

forded him.





Pursuant to a. recent act

of Congress providing for

the protection of migra-

tory birds of the United

States. the Secretary of Agriculture has

recently appointed 15 men located in dif—

ferent sections of the country to' whom

questions relating to desirable regulations

for the protection of migratory birds may

be referred. These men are recognized

experts iii this line and will serve with-

out pay. "





National Bird

Protection.-





The new regulations which will be

formulated with the advice of these com-

petent men will go into effect on October

1. It is stated upon good authority that

they will work toward uniformity for the

protection of migratory, game and insec-

tivorous birds, particularly at night, and

to establish protected routes of migration

along great rivers in central United States

also 00mplete protection for many shore

birds and others of economic value which

are greatly reduced in number, and a.

shortening of the open season in many

cases will be attempted.



This is in line with the best thought on

this subject in the different states. One

difficulty in securing adequate protection

for migratory birds in Michigan has been

the fact that adjacent states have grant-

ed no such protection. But with a large

degree of national control and a co—ordi-

nation of effort in the various states to

the same end more beneficial results

Should follow and our most important

game birds and those of greater economic

value to the agriculture of the country

receive protection which will stay their

impending annihilation.





Dr. Mumford, state





To Promote Seed leader of farm man-





Selectlon. agement field studies

and demonstrations in

Michigan, has announced that his de—





partment will place as much emphasis as

possible upon seed selection this fall and

that several of the county advisors- will

devote considerable time to this work.

We believe that there is no department

of endeavor in which greater results are

possible than along this line.



In the last issue of The Farmer the

adviser for Genesee county presented the

situation with regard to bean anthrac-

nose in thutcounty and pointed out meth-

ods by which this destructive disease can

be most successfully combated.



The importance of educating the pub-

lic, including not only farmers but seed

merchants as well. along this line can

not be overestimated. We recently re-

ceived from a Mecosta county former a.

sample of bean pods upon which there

was a very marked development of an-

thracnose. This man was not familiar

with the trouble and appealed to us for

information, stating that he was grow-

ing the beans on contract for a Michigan

seed firm who sent him the- diseaSed seed

to plant. It is very important indeed,

that both farmers and seedsmen be

awakened to the loss which this disease

is causing to the Michigan bean industry

each year.



Another illustration of the importance

of seed selection is found in the com-

paratively poor stand of potatoes found

on the majority of Michigan farms this

year, due we believe, to the planting of

poor seed or seed which has been infect-

ed with the late blight which was quite

prevalent last year.



The farm manegement service, however,

can produce effective results in spots

Only and it is up to the farmers of the

state to take the initiative, or at least

follow the lead in giving greater atten-

tion to the matter of seed selection this-

year than ever before, to the end that

Michigan agriculture may not suffer un-

neceSSarily from a Wholly preventable

cause.





While agriculture is rap-

idly coming into its own

so far as the relative rank

accorded to it as a bus-

iness, by the average man, is concerned

there are still too many farmers who are

prone to envy those in other lines of

work and who think that almost any

other business is a better business than

farming. It is a very common human

failing to look upon other people as more

f01tunate than ourselves, but SO far as

a matter of business is concerned. if we

could get the other fellow’ 5 point of View

we would more often than otherwise find

that he looked upon ,our business with

the same and perhaps an even greater

degree of envy. It is only when one gets

an expression from a person of varied

business experience that he can. get an

impartial view of this question.



One such man who, notwithstanding a.





Farming as a

Business.





' natural. love for the farm, went into an-





other line of business because of an ad-

vantageous offer so far as income was

concerned, de5cribed the change which

he had made by saying that he had sold

his liberty. And this very clearly de-

scribes the difference between agriculture

as a. business and most of the other lines

of business which will be open to the

farm boy



To a greater extent than any other,

the farmer has liberty and the opportu-

nity to exercise initiative in his business





 





 





which makes for broader manhood and

greater ability,

of work Which the average, man in other-

lines of business would welcome as a re-

lief from the monotony of his daily round

of routine duties. ,



Like our lives.- our businesslsdargely

what we make it. and as farmers we

should make agriculture the very best

business in the world from our own

standpoint as well as from the stand-

point of others.





In the earlier days of

Lumber for Farm Michigan's agricultur-

Use. a1 development Mich-

igan farmers had the

advantage of being able to purchase the

beSt of lumber at an exceedingly low

price. Michigan’s white pine was a. gen-.

eral purpose lumber without a' successful

rival and Michigan farmers made liberal

use of it in the construction work of an

earlier day. With the depletion of the

supply, however, Michigan's pine can no

longer be used for ordinary purposes on

account of its great scarcity and high

price and Michigan people are obliged to

turn to lumber cut in distant forests for

use in such construction work as may be

necessary at the present time.

' Naturally. having accustomed them-

selves to the use of pine through their

knowledge of its excellent qualities, they

have first resorted ‘to the- use of pines

grown in other sections of the country

because of the name which they bore

rather than their similarity with the

white pine product of Michigan. At the

some time other lumbers of really valu-

able qualities for many purposes have

been neglected by lumbermen because

there was no demand for them, just as in

the earlier days of Michigan's lumbering

industry there was no demand for the

hardwood lumber. thousands of acres of

which were logged and burned in order

to the more quickly clear the land. ,Later

a successful propaganda was conducted

to promote the use of hardwood lumber,

particularly oak. for flooring and interior

finishing purposes, until today it is the

lending wood used for that purpose with

the demand so large that it is, like pine,

becoming scarce.



With the use of the different kinds of

wood in the building industries, people

have learned the special qualities of cer-

tain kinds. For instance cypress has

been for some time in use in the con-

struction of silos because it has been

found to be a very enduring wood. On

account of its value for this purpose, the

forest service of the Department of Agri-

culture after an investigation, issued a

bulletin, (No. 95) giving information re-

garding the value of this wood for use

upon the farm, it having been found that

it was particularly valuable where a

wood which resists decay is desirable and

its use is advised as well for all outside

work on the ground that "the properties

that fit it for such wide use are freedom

of the wood from knots and other defects

and the long period which the wood may

be expected to last.”



This is evidently one of the timbers

which have been recently utilized for

lumber purposes, with which every farm-

er should become better acquainted. since

with the increasing price of lumber it is

more important than ever before to pur-

chase a g1 ade of lumber particularly

adapted to the use for which it is in-

tended.





1151- Us HEAR WHAT THEY SAY.





 





Turning through the columns of the

Michigan Farmer is like walking through

a great warehouse. Pictures and descrip-

tions of hundreds of articles, ,gathered

from all over America. are here displayed.



Here you will, see the latest and most

complete farm machinery: in another sec-

tion will be found household. appliances;

yonder are some of the leading automo-

biles.



Manufacturers buy this space to tell

you about their. goods. And each one has

a book explaining and illustrating in de-

tail what is offered for sale.



Let us give them all a. hearing—if for

no other reason than to keep ourselves

well informed.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.





- The Attorney General of New York state

has ruled that Martin H. Glynn is now

the legal governor of the state and will

continue to hold that office until Governor

Sulzer is acquitted or the impeachment

proceedings against the latter are dis-

missed by the board 'of impeachment. The

grounds upon which Mr. Sulzer claims he

is still executive of the state is that the

assembly which passed the resolution pro-

viding for the impeachment was not leg-





ally iii session, it having lm‘eviously ad-





 





together with a. variety__





 





journed sine (ii a. --



Harry K. Thaw. the slayer of Stanford

White, has escaped from the Hatteawan

state hOSpltal 'of New York state, where

he has been confined for the past six

years as an insane criminal. The escape

was effected through a conspiracy Where-

by Thaw passed the walls of the insti-

tution when the gates were opened to

admit the milkman's wagon last Sunday

morning. Waiting automobiles carried him

away, it is believed,

shore where a yacht was awaiting him.

A charge of conspiracy has been placed

against Thaw and his accomplices and it

is thought that it will be possible to ex-

tradite him from any state and bring him

back to New York.



A compromise has been effected in the

adjustment of the differences between the

Southern Pacific Railway Company and

locomotive and train crews. Both par-

ties are satisfied with the terms of the

agreement thereby averting a strike.



The amount of hard coal mined in this





country during the first seven months of .





the yeai exceed all former records, the

amount being 40,339,706 tons.



The funeral of the two strikers who

were killed by patrolmen in the mining

district of the Upper Peninsula were held

Sunday and it is reported that fully 6,000

persons attended the services, while 10,000





people accompanied the remains to the‘





cemetery.

Cong1ess has yielded to the wishes of





President Wilson and will continue in ses- ‘





sion until the tariff and currency bills are

disposed of. even though it requires all

the time until the December session

begins.





Residents of parts of Presque Isle and"





Cheboygan counties are petitioning for

the immediate creation of a new county.

The last Legislature passed an act pro-

viding for the new county after the meas-

ure is ratified by the voters of Presque

Isle 11nd Cheboygan counties. It is claim-

ed, however, by the petitioners that the

law organizing a new county is a. general

act and therefoze does not requiie 3. ref-

erendum.



The steamer State of California ran

upon an uncharted rock 90 miles south of

Juneau, Alaska, and sank in three min-

utes. it is believed that 25 or more pas-

Sengers and seven members of the crew

are drowned. The accident happened in

daylight but the boat was so badly "dam-

aged that many of the persons aboard

could not be gotten from their staterooms

before the craft went down.





Foreign.





The Mexican situation is still unset-

tled. It is unofficially reported that Pro-

viSional Piesident Huetta has sent an ul-

timatum to Washington demanding im-

mediate iecognition of that government

as it now exists. The report also states

that in the event the United States re-

fuses recognition, relations between the

two countries will be severed. The ad-

ministration at Washington, however.de+

nies receipt of such an ultimatum and still

liolpes that matters may be settled peace-

fu y



Turkey seems determined to hold Adri-

anople and an army of 400,000 soldiers is

now marching to defend that point

against the Bulgarians. In arbitrating

the differences between Turkey and the

allies the powers decided that Adrianople

should be released by the Turkish gov-

ernment. This condition the Turks hope

to avoid now that the allies have greatly

weakened their position by fighting

among themselves.



It is reported that martial law is being

rigidly enforced in Nicaragua and the ad-

ministration has established a strict cen-

sorship over all criticism of government

acts. Disturbances, it is stated, are due

to a report that the country would come

under the protection of the United States





following a convention giving America the .





right to construct an interocean canal

over what is known as the Nicaraguan

route.



The federal troops of Venezuela have

been more succeSSful against the rebels

the past week than heretofore. Accord-

ing to advices the town of Com, recently

taken by the rebels, has been recaptured.





Heavy fighting between the Spanish

army and tribesmen of Morocco occurred

near Tetuan, Morocco, recently. So far

the Spanish troops are reported to have

repulsed the natives, but the latter are

again rallying to make another stand.



Exports from the United States to Can—

ada have practically doubled in the last

three years, according to figures made

public by the Department of Commerce.

Canada is now the largest purchaser of

products of the United States of all the

countries of the world.





 





FOOD AND HEALTH SPECIAL TRAIN.’





 





'The Michigan State Board of Health

and the State Dairy and Food Depart-

ment are running a special educational

exhibit‘train over Michigan railroads dur-

ing August. Special demonstrators ac-

company the train to explain the exhibits

and answer questions. Visitors, and es-

pecially high school pupils, are asked to

bring their note books and cameras if

they have them, and compete for the

prizes which will be offered for photo-





graphs Of the train and reviews of the





exhibits. The itinerary of the train for

the ensuing week is as follows:





Ypsilanti, Aug. 25, 8:25 to 1:35 p. m.

Ann Arbor, Aug. 25, all afternoon.

Dundee. Aug, 26,-7230 to 9:00 a‘. m.

Tecumseh, Aug. 26, 9:30 to 12:00 :11.

Adrian, Aug. 26. all afternoon.

Hudson. Aug. 27, all forenoon.

,Hillsdale, Aug. 27, all afternoon.

Jonesville, Aug. 28, 7:30 to 9:00 a. m.

Homer. Aug 28, 9: 30 to 11:00 a. m.-

Albion, Aug. 28, 12: 00 to 2:00 p. m

Eaton Rapids,

D

Lansing, Aug. 29.8.11 day:





to the Connecticut j '





 





'Aug. 28, 2:15 to boo-i





 





 





2%

i

i





 





2 ,x. .111.





 





 





 





   

 





...,
-themselves on the day





.show of power stood in





. V011





. LITERATURE

‘ ' POETRY



' HISTORY an?



INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 





 

 

 





\_ . J . \





 





PUBLIS





A” hllwk gm wflKI—Y-





 





 





 





77w FARM BOY

Irma GIRL



SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





, This Magazine ,Section toms In part of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





Fighting With Greater Efficiency.





he has had to fight frequently oc—

invasions of May bugs,

worms and hundreds of

other forms of life that were proving

detrimental to his crops. The farmer to-

day has practically the same enemies as

had the farmer of two or three hundred

years ago; he raises similar crops, but

his success is different. The old-time

farmer fought and lost, we fight and win.

The difference of results depends on the

method.



Not far frOm the city of Berne great

depredations were once committed by an

unusually large number of May bugs.

The pest got beyond the control of the

farmers and the situation appeared about

as encouraging as did the one the Da-

kota and Kansas farmers faced during

the grasshopper plague of a few years

ago. These Swiss farmers had their

method of “getting rid” of the plague. It

was simple. They just went to the au-

thorities of the city and entered a com-

plaint against the troublesome May bugs.





EVER since man has tilled the soil





curring

grasshoppers,





By V. E.





cause that bug was devouring a crop of

corn. It would be Paris green, or to-

bacco soup for Mr. Bug. Some such a.

method would eliminate the surplus bugs

but it would not keep those remaining

from raising comfortable little families of

several thousand each. If nothing hin-

dered them in their breeding except the

poison the farmer treated them to, there

would be a circus in bug-town every day

of the season because all the spraying

in the world could not put a stop to the

onslaught of the bug. He would be su-

preme in might as he is now in numbers

over all other things on earth.



This problem does not trouble the up-

to-date farmer of today. On the con-

trary he uses a little head work. He

finds some animal that has an unlimited

appetite for the animal that is troubling

him; then he imports that animal, or if

he has it already in small numbers, he

encourages its multiplication. . The fight

then commences, and the wise old farm-





LeROY.





much, others little. But the champion

of all is the easiest to enlist in our ser-

vice. His skill is supreme. His faith-

fulness is unequaled. He can eat more

bugs in proportion to his weight than

can any other; living thing. Actually, he

is an animated appetite. “'e know him

best by his song. We should know him

best by his food because there it is that

birds are most important to us.



Birds. Yes, there’s the rub for the

bugs. A bird and a bug are inseparable

companions—once the bug is inside the

bird, and that is the fate of most bugs.

()1) account of this fact the farmer's

birds are as important'as part of his

means to success as his spraying outfit.

The spray will stop a sudden and over—

whelming appearance of insects but the

birds will keep it stopped or even keep

it from appearing, granting that their

numbers are sufficient to cope with the

myriads of insects one summer brings

forth.





 





every green plant on earth. That state-

ment is doubtlessly an exaggeration but

there is truth in it, as was seen by the

experience of the King of Prussia. The

king liked .cherries and he owned some

good tree-S. But because the birds de-

stroyed some of the cherries, the King

ordered the birds destroyed. Nearly all

the birds Were destroyed or driven away.

In two years there were no cherries or

any other kind of fruit, the trees were

being killed by insects. The King then

went to great expense and trouble, to

import birds to replace those he had or-

dered killed. After which the King had

cherries.



Entomologists know that there are

many kinds of insects now restricted in

numbers or that are finding their food on

plants of no economic importance, which

might, if unrestricted in increase, turn

their attention to farm crops, Occasion-

ally conditions gct just right for these

insects to break away from the controll-

ing agencies, and we. have caterpillar

years. canker worms, etc, But these out-





The authorities interviewed the Bishop er acts as referee to the scrimmage. Some enthusiastic students of bird life breaks never last long. The checks grow

of the Church who immediately issued a Animals of the insect eating kind have have stated that if all birds were dc- stronger and the evil is downed. Birds,

letter of excommunication which was appetites Varying as much as do their stroyed, insects would multiply so rapid- above, all other regulators of insect ac-

taken to the bug—infested fields and duly, other characteristics. Some can eat ly that in seven years they would eat up tl'vity, have assisted most in conquering



5°“*“‘“”’ "9““ t0 the 0f' IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIII "”1“ ”as“

fending bugs. B INot only iniects but

These letters would -—_: y: an invasion o vermin

read: “Thou irrational, The LargCSt IndOOr Flower EXChange? E I Farrington. is handled by birds with

imperfect creature, thou ‘ the same inevitable re-

May bug, thou whose Boston has the largest indoor flower exchange in the world. Growers within a range of many miles send <ult. Field mice some-

kind was never enclosed their ChOicest blossoms there and dealers from all parts of the city and suburbs come there to buy. \Vhole times appear in usch

in' Noah's Ark, in the wagon loads Of flowers are taken away to the larger stores, while the street vendors depart with what they can :Iolmtless numbers‘ that

name of my gracious carry in their arms. The value of the flowers sold at this exchange amounts to almost a million dollars a they destroy corn, and

Lord the Bishop of Lau— year. One man (1065 a business 0f nearly $400 a day. _ even the pasturage. No

sanne, by the power of The exchange is operated on a co-operative basis and has extensive floor space in a building in the center man has devised .1

of the city. Each member may have one stall or several, ’according to the amount of business he does. The method whereby he





the glorified Trinity

through the merits of





 





Jesus Christ, and by'the





 





obedience you owe the

Holy Church, 1 com-

mand you, May bugs.





 





all in common and each





 





one in particular, to de-

part from all places

where nourishment for

man and cattle germi-

nates and grows,” and

so on to the finish which

consists of a summons

to the insects to present





stated, before the court

and assume the respon-

sibility of’law breakers.

To make the trial a fair

one. the city supplied the

bugs with a lawyer who

could plead their case.





Needless to say, the

May bugs did not ap—

pear at the trial. An-





other summons was sent

and another, but the

bugs were too busy with

the farmer’s c r o p S



They refused to be dis—

turbed. T h e farmers

grew desperate. and at

last, a public official

with much pomp and





the fields and read in a

loud voice the verdict of

excommunication: “To

accursed vermine.

that are called May

bugs, and which are not

eve-n counted among the

animals.” A report con-

cerning the effects of

the, measure says, “No

effect was observed be--

cause of our sins.”

That report hit the

nail on the head. Ver-





ily, it ,was a sin. N0 shall leave his





present day farmer

would attempt to nave fume.

an insect arrested be- on.





stalls are arranged

knocked down to the members who bid the highest for them.

the most desirable and the highest prices

dollars a year.



The flowers begin to arrive early in the morning. some being expressed and others being brought in by the

Light cardboard boxes are commonly used for shipping

on which the flowers are carted about like merchandise in a dry good store.

The buyers begin to come almost as early as the flowers, but it is a rule of the exchange that no member

The scene is always an animated one,

and flowers are piled everywhere, great heaps of them, filling the big room with glorious color and sweet per-



A capable superintendent or manager has an office in one corner and keeps close tabs on all that goes

And so successful is the exchange that every year a satisfactory dividend is paid the members.





growers or their wives.

the exchange are wheel trucks





 





in alleys across the room and are





are paid for





stall to solicit business.





 





rented.

Those nearest the door





them, but no stall can be rented for





though, fOr





Once a year an auction is held and the stalls

are naturally considered

less





the fragile blossoms.





competition





could control these

mice, but the birds, es-

pecially owls and hawks,

have been the means of

suppressing the plague

as nothing else could.





 





In France the people

uSed to kill all kinds of

birds for food. Upwards

of one hundred million

birds’ eggs were collect-

ed each year and sent

to market. Many kinds

of birds disappeared en-

tirely, and the others

were fast diminishing

in number when the

practice was stopped.

The harvests had been

growing poorer every

year. Insects were eat-

ing up all the grain,

fruit trees. forest trees,

and vines. The loss

each year went into

many millions of dollars.

It looked like a case of

complete failure for all

the farmers of France.

But the government

took up the matter,

birds were secured,

their destruction stop-

ped by law, and g‘OOd

harvests soon followed.





The grasshopper

plague of our own coun-

try was preceded by the

flestruction of thousands

of birds. In one county

alone 30,000 birds were

destroyed. From thirty

counties about 450,000

fifty quail and prairie chick-



’ ens were sent 'to mar-

ket. Such destruction

continued up to the

time of the grasshopper

outbreaks a few years

later. If these birds had

been permitted to live

they would have eaten

eountless hoards of these





than





Within





is keen
"FREE TUITIO





LARGESWKERS

175A Twain COOHNG

jPPLIAchs

I IN THE 14/011150





, {fold by

fl‘rst- class Dealers

[very/Where





Tuefllcnlanwsravs COM/um





DETROIT CHICAGO





 





 





N THE I





01.15) .s'rovn





‘ Do you realize that you can dis-

card your old stove with advantage and profit?

In construction,workman-

LaSts L‘mger ship and design. The Mon-

arch is years ahead of all other ranges. It is

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For 36 Weeks.

Board and room





_, been 30 bad as it 'was.





THE MICHIGAN FAR—ME'R





graSshoppers, and if _ the- plague had

happened at all, surely it could not have



One might ask the question, “How

much would one bird help in suppressing

an outbreak- of . insects?” Experiments

have been made on birds held in captiv-

ity. In one day a. crow will eat 400‘01‘

more grasshoppers A young wren was

se'e‘n to eat 111 insects in 277 minutes.

The younger the bird “the greater his ape

petite. A young robin ate .165 cutworms

in a day, nearly twice its oWn weight

when it began to .eat. So much for one

bird at a time. Now_think of the mil-

lions of birds. It is obvious that 'a bird

is an eater by profession. How much

his profession benefits agriculture, no

man can estimate because the good done

is beyond imagination.



Any farmer‘can have birds, and all

farmers should have :them in great num-

bers. To get them one must protect them.

Get rid of the cat and kill the red squir-

rels because birds can not live where

these animals are found. Fix up a place

‘whel‘e the birds-can get water. Water

will invite _birds quicker than anything

else. '



Birds are like people in that there are

some bad ones among all the good ones.

The cowbird and the English sparrow are

legitimate targets for any farmer’s gun.

They do no good and a great deal of

harm. The crow is a condemned bird,

also Ten chances to one the crow was.

the ruse-ll that caused your chickens

to disappear so mysteriously. So do not

blame the hawk for the theft. Most

hawks do more good than harm, and as

is the case with many other kinds of

birdS, they get blamed instead of praised.



For a general law, one might say,

“Protect all birds and encourage them to

live on the farm.” And then, to balance

that assertion, “When a bird is caught

in the act of doing wrong, such as steal-

ing chickens or taking too much fruit,

kill thoSe birds that are guilty.” Do not

kill the otherS. Be sure you are destroy-

ing the right bird, and then, stop.





 





 





HOLIDAYS OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.





 





On the annual holidays in honor of

their independence the people of the

Dominican Republic celebrate two anni—

versaries, both significant in their his-

tory, but commemorative of two distinct

events. The first falls on February 27

and celebrates the independence of the

'lepublic from the dominion of Haiti; and

the H-cond on August 16, which marks

lhi emancipation of the Dominican Ile-

pubic from the Spanish rule.





0 island of Santo Domingo has figx

Western Continent since 1492, when it

was disooveréd by Columbus, becoming

successively a colony of Spain; a. rendez-

vous for the bucoaneers of the Spanish

main, made memorable in history by Sir

Francis Drake and many others; a. de-

pendency of Colombia; of Haiti; enjoying

a. brie fperiod of independence; becom-

ing again a dependency of the Spanish

Crown, and finally winning the autonomy

which it now enjoys.



g The Spanish domination lasted, with

few interruptions, from the period of the

discovery of the island for a period of

more than a century, and the capital of

the present Dominican Republic may

justly lay claim to the title of the “Me-

tr0polis” of the former vast colonial em-

pire of Spain. Here it was that the early

"Conquistadores” made their headquar-

ters for the numerous expeditions which

resulted in the subjugation of the sur-

rounding countries. Under the sovereignty

of the Spanish Crown the native Indi-

ans, a peaceful race, unable to resist the

cruel treatment of their conquerors, per-

iShed in large numbers, depopulating the

island to such an extent that recourse

Was had. to the introduction of slaves from

Africa as early as 1517.



During the sixteenth and seventeenth

centuries many of the European nations,

attracted by the wealth of the Indies and

represented principally by adventurers op-

erating under what in later days became

known as “letters of marque,” succeeded

in materially weakening the power of

Spain and diverting a considerable portion

of the revenue hitherto enjoyed from this

source into their own coffers. Of these

buccaneers the French colony grew to

such an extent that their claims were

recognized by the paternal government,

and by the treaty of Ryswick, in 1697,

France obtained possession of the western

half of the island, and on July 22, 1795,

the entire island was ceded to France.

Spanish domination was, however, once

more established in 1809, and on Decem-.





 





 





 





.60 aw k. Books rented. Opens October 7th.

[2203130 .DT COLLEGE. Humboldt. Iowa.





 





her 1, 1821, the inhabitants of the Span-





ured prominently in the history of the \‘Qnd.





ish. part ofthe island. declared their. in-,,

dependence of the King and. allied them-

selveswith Simon Bolivar's Greater COI-

ombla. This revolutionary mOVement was

headed by Jose Nunez de Caceres. and

the, flag of the new gOVernment was un-

furled on December 1, 1821. The Haiti-

ans, however, taking advantage of the

fact that the new Republic was for the

moment without resources, immediately

invaded their territory, and as a result

of their vigorous and sanguinary cam-

paign it was rapidly depopulated through

the exile of most of its inhabitants. This

domination oby Haiti lasted until Febru-

ary 27, 1844, when the people rose in

arms in a. general revolutionary move-

ment, carefully and thoroughly planned,

and after a bitter struggle were finally

able to regain their liberty. In 1846 this

independence was recognized by the Uni-

ted States, Spain, England, and France.



This independence lasted until the year

1861, when the Republic, being in con-

stant fear of foreign invasion, solicited

once more the protection of Spain. This

protectorate took the form military

occupation of the country, the former

President of the Republic becoming gov-

ernor and captain-general under the new

regime. That this new protectorate prov-

ed anything but satisfactory is evidenced

by the fact that a revolutionary move-

ment, which started on August 16, 1863,

at Capotillo, resulted in the occupation of

Santiago and the declaration of a pro-

visional government under the Presidency

of General Salcedo. It was not. however,

until May 1, 1865, that the Spanish Crown

formally relinquished its claim to the ter-

ritory.



TWO UP-TO-DATE WEATHER

VANES.





 





BY GEO. E. WALSH.





The construction of a weather vane,

either for the top of the barn, house or

a pole, can be made more interesting if

it is designed to represent something

appropriate. The arrow was the earliest

emblem used for Weather vanes, and it

was appropriate, for it signified some-

thing shooting through the air in the

teeth of the wind. But we cannot say

as much for the crowing roosters, fish,

and rimming horses that top so many

poles to indicate the direction of the

wind. Sometimes it makes one wish the

rooster or horse would come down to

solid ground again" where it belongs.



There is nothing more appropriate for

weather vancs than airships. These are

made to fly through the air, and conse-

quently they make excellent emblems for

indicating the direction of the blowing

In this age of airships most boys

make some sort of a flying ship as mod-

els \or for ornaments. “'hy not, there—

fore“ build them for Weather vanes so

they will always be in use and always

flying and doing some good?



The, biplane weather vane illustrated

herewith was built by a small boy after

a model he had designed for flying with

rubber bands. Mounted on the top 'of a

pole in front of the house it greets him

every morning, and it attracts many

people passing. It is a perfect little

model, built of wood, instead of canvas,

for the ’planeS, and wire instead of cord

for the framework. You see you don't





have to make it as light as you would

one that is designed, to fly. Very thin,





I





at that-tall. end, whlclr‘ageonstitutes the





rudder of the ship, will causd’ltto metre ‘





around invthe wind. .The. other planes

are horizontal to the wind and do not

catch it. The rudder planes, on the

contrary, are perpendicular to the wind.



The more carefully youdeslgn the air-

ship after some model, the greater will

be your pleaSure in watching it every

morning. As the airship is to be placed

on top of the house or barn, or some

other high perch, it should be made

about three times as large as a model

that is to be viewed nearby. An airship





 





 





ii

A Blplane Weather Vane.





four feet long will, on the top of a. high

pole, look to be about two feet in length.



Another pretty and significant weather

vane, made by another boy, is an imita-

tion of the Zeppelin airship. The- big,

ciganshaped balloon Was made of aflat

piece of wood cut out with a saw, as

shown in the illuStration. The car be-

low the balloon was made of similar ma.-

terial. The ropes which seem to hold

‘the car to the baloon are really sticks of





wood. At a distance they look like wire

ropes. These give a rigidity to the whole

piece. The stick that supports the air—





ship goes through a hole in the car to

the balloon itself.



Next make a two 01‘ three-bladed pro-

peller for the stern. This can be cut

out of wood or made of a piece of tin.

The blades should be twisted to catch

the wind, for .this part of the airship

actually moveS. W'hen the wind is blow—

ing the propeller revolves rapidly, and it

adds so much to the effect that at first

glance people think the airship is actu-

ally traveling through the air. The pro-

peller should be fastened to the tail of

the balloon by a light shaft of wood. It

should turn loosely and easily on the

Shaft. Paint the balloon, putting in all

the details necessary to carry out the

illusion, and then shellac 0r varnish it

all over. An immense amount of satis-

faction is obtained from such weather

vanes. '





A TEST OF ENDURANCE.





 





HY ISAAC MOTES.





It is well known that the mule is one

of the hardicst animals, especially the

Mexican burro and the western mule ac-

customed to rough usage on the plains,

just as the western bronco can stand Se-

verer usage than a thoroughbred horse.

One reason for this is that a thorough-

bred horse is generally kept in good con-





 





 





 





!



A Weather Vane Fashioned After

fiat pieces of wood should be used

for the planes. These can be ob-

tained from the sldes of small box—

es at your grocery store. Many of the

boxes are made of thin veneered woods,

and those about an eighth of an inch

.thick will do. In order to keep them

from warping they should be treated to

several coats of shellac or spar varnish.



Galvanized wire should be used to pre-

vent rusting, and the framework can be

whittled out of sticks of wood and treat-

ed with shellac. Balance the airship so

it will turn freely, and then it will al-

ways point up in the wind. The planes





the Alrships of the Zeppelin Type.





dition, while the bronco is lank, leathery





and tough.



But a lank, rangy mule seems to have

more endurance than a horse, as a h rse

is more apt to become “winded" by hard

riding or other hard, long-continued us-

age. In fact no one knows what a. mule

of this character can endure. A mule is





superior to a horse in that it will do hard.- '





work on less food than a horse. In, t

respect the mule is somewhat like t

goat. Indeed, the small Mexican burro

is somewhat like -a goat in many 'of its

habits. '



The most wonderful‘mule that ever





 





 





 





 





i

l

i

i
15544-111





lived. perhaps, was called “8am.” and





belonged to a man named John Camp-





bell, who lived in Kansas City about the

year 1860. -“Sam” was without doubt the

most famous mule in the United States

a half century ago. Conceded to be the

greatest traveler ever known anywhere,

the papers were filled with its praISe dur-

ing those early days. This mule made a

most wonderful trip, in 1859, from Bent's

Fort, in Colorado, to Kansas City. a dis-

tance of 620 miles. The journey was

made in six days, and under very pecu—

liar circumstances.



Up. Hayes and John ‘S. Campbell were

partners in the business of freighting

across the plains, as there were no rail-

roads in the west in those days. hey

worked under a contract with Majors,

'Ru'ssell & Weddell, big wholesale freight

handlers, whose headquarters were at

Santa Fe. While Campbell and Hayes

were at Bent's Fort, Colorado, with a

freight wagon train the eastbound stage

from Santa Fe to Kansas City came

through there with the news that Ma-

jors, Russell & W'addell had failed in bus-

iness in Santa Fe. Campbell and Hayes

had $60,000 in drafts issued by the bank-

rupt firm which would be worthless as

Soon as the news of‘ the failure reached

Kansas City, and this news would not

reach there until the stage arrived, as

there were no telegraph lines across the

plains in those days.



“We must get to Kansas City and cash

these drafts before the stage gets there,"

said Campbell. “And there’s only one

way to beat the stage in. One of us

must go and ride- old Sam.” As they

had done their work and earned this $60,—

000 they felt that they should have their

money, and that the bank in Kansas City

was better able to lose it than them-

selves. _



“I’ll ride Sam, and beat the stage to

Kansas City,” said Hayes. So away he





started upon the wildest,

hardest, ride ever made by a. man upon





 





longest and





the back of an animal. The stage made

the trip of 620 miles in six days, but it

had relays of horses,'and fresh drive-rs

every hundred miles or so. Besides, the

stage had a start of twohours on the

man and mule.



Well, Up. Hayes rode day and night

for six days across the “flat, monotonous

plains‘ country, sometimes running his

mule, sometimes "galloping, sometimes

trotting, sometimes walking, stopping

once in a while ‘at night to lie down in

the grass and snatch a few minuteS’

sleep, while the mule grazed. Then he

would pull himself into the saddle again,

and away they would go. He practically

lived and slept in the saddle. At that

time there were wide stretches of barren

desert across the plains, with no grass

for the mule to eat. Daily the mule grew

more and more gaunt, but its strength

and endurance showed no signs of giv-

ing out.



The mule and its rider passed the stage

and beat it into Kansas City only six

hours. Mr. Hayes cashed his $60,000

worth of drafts, receiveing half the mon-

ey, or $30,000, for his six days’ ride. The

trip was a. terrible one, and aged him

considerably, but he was a grizzled

plainsman, accustomed to the rough life

of a freighter, and whenever friends

mentioned the trip he was accustomed to

say: “Boys, I'd do it again for $30,000.”



The mule was also pretty well used up,

but lived many years thereafter, an ob-

ject of great curiosity to, people, for ev-

erybody had read about the trip, and viS-

itors to Kansas City at that early day

all wanted to see Campbell’s wonderful

mule.



It may well be supposed that the won~

derful animal was never sold by its own-

er, and it is interesting to know that it

lived to a ripe old age.





llllllllillllllilllll|llllllllllllllllllEllllllHilllllllllllillllllllllllllliilllllliillllllllllllillllilllllllllilllllllllillllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllilllIIHIllillllllllllllllllllflllllllHllilillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliillllilllllllllllll





Cockroaches and

By. Dr. L. K.





Next to mosquitoes, flies, fleas, and

bedbugs, the common cockroach is man‘s

most domesticated bug. There lives to—

day no housewife with soul so dead, who

never to herself has said, “Beware, be-

ware the thirsty jug. in which may lurk

this festive bug." The cockroach is the

bane. of every alert housekeeper. The

price of freedom from it, is eternal vigi-

lance. Indeed. the cleanest homes have

witnessed much ink spilt over them. Only

the other day l myself, in my chcmiczilly

pure, white enameled, well-perfumed

consultatiOu rooms, hcaved a pint of

blackberry cordial at one. All of which

truisms are not to be denied, which arc,

however, beside the point.



it is with behavior of cockroaches that

we are here concerned; not their good or

bad relations to the human tribe, for

In“. J. S. Szymzmski, of the Vienna In-

stitute for Experimental Biology, now

presents, to the world at large, evidence

that the much maligned and universally

hate-d pest has eyes that see, ears that

hear, muscles that do, and "minds" that

think. '



EVery maid of all work will assure you

that cockroaches avoid the light and seek

the dark. Indeed, nobody so far from

«questioning this fact, ever thought of

trying to change it., Most naturalists

might as soon think of changing a with-

ered rose back into a youthful bud. Not

so Dr. Szymanski. This doughty inves—

tigator constructed for himself a’ little

trap with an electrically connected floor,

sothut he could teach cockroaches to

reverse their instinctive habits, and seek

daylight instead of darkness.



His little roach trap was formed of

insulated copper wire—plates. A current

could be turned in from an induction

battery and made to ilow in one part of

the trap or another at his pleasure. In

order to discover to what extent cock—

roaches are influenced by the electric

shock, he removed the first trap—a» rec-

tangular glass box—and replaced/it with

another that had no~ bottom. Into this

second box a cockroach was placed. As

soon as it ceased snobping hither and

thither in its glass cage, the electric cur-

rent was “gently turned on. The intensity

of the current was increased gradually

until the resting roach su‘ddenly‘beg-an





to act like the restless lions in the cir-.





cuS, It mover about. 'running to and

fro, trying all the while to crawl up the

glass walls. If the distance between the

induction coils was over five inches a.

momentary paralysis struck the insect.

As soon as these preliminary facts

were learned. the experimenter obtained

a lot of home-like,”native, Vienna cock-





In





their Behaviour.

HIRSHBERG.





roaches whose ages were estimated to

average about a year and :1 half. Then

begun the real researches. At the end

of each series of experiments the floor

(it the cage and the walls of glass were

clcancd with alcohol. This destroyed all

odors and scents by which the roaches

might learn to go certain paths.



Now a cockroach was placed in the

lighted part of the box. At oncc it turn-

ed towards the (lurk part. Then the

electric current was switched on. At

once the little creature would rush madly

about, seeking to crawl up the walls.

Finally it found the lightcr part of the

trap, when the current would be turned

off. livery time it re-sought the dark

part of the trap the current was switch-

ed on and when it found the lighted area

off it wont.



Soon the cockroaches were able to rec-

ognize this difference, and the moment

they felt the current they would scamper

for the light. Then after a number of

times more the electricity was not used

at all, but the insects had learned to

avoid the dark. Indeed, as soon as they

came to the boundaries between the two

they would reverse their normal in-

stincts, and flee from the wrath of the

dark spots.



Dr. Szymanski trained ten cockroaches

in_ this manner. He considered their

training complete when the animal in

the light turned back to the light ten

successive times as it arrived at the

margin of light and darkness, without

the necessity of an electric shock. So

well trained did these roaches become

that the scientist, by stroking their backs

with miniature paper whipsywas unable

to drive them across the frontiers into

the darkness that they once loved.



To be sure, some of these cockroaches

retained their newly acquired habit—or

circus stunt—longer than others. There

was no definite relation between the per—

manency of the newly learned trick and

the number of electric shocks received.

The fact, however, that is plain seems

to be that cockroaches can be trained to

learn things as well as dogs, horses, ele-

phants and sea-lions.



Even more radical is Dr. Szymanski’s

conclusions. He says: “Professor Felix

Platen has stated that his experiments

upon insects,'eSpecially bumble bees, lead

him to the positive conviction that bees

as well as other insects show no evidence

of memory. But the results of rthese ex-

periments with cockroaches do not sup-

port that statement. Cockroaches do

have memories and they are only dimer-

ent in degree from the memory of higher

animals, such as man.”





 





AUG. 23,. 1913.





 





until 'yo‘u

have to Paunti





A COAT of paint in time—added years for the silo—



that is the way it figures out every time. Paint is



the best and surest foe of building decay. House, barns,

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Farm machinery should be given a touch of paint now

before it is stored away for the winter. Paint is a perfect

protection a ainst rust, and well painted implements give

many years onger service than if they are allowed to become

weather-beaten. Painting now will mean a. lot less work next

spring when you are rushed every minute of the time. If you use





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Rubber. Foot Wear?





' If not, when you buy, don‘t ask for just “rubber boots” but

ask'for “Ball-Band.”

A pair of “Ball—Band’s” will give more days‘ wear for the

dollars they cost than any other boots made.

' Look for the Red Ball on the knee of the next rubber boots you





Elly: It means satisfaction to the wearer. If thatRed Ball is not

etc you are not getting “Ball-Band“ quality. 45,000: dealers

sell “Ball—Band" Footwear and 8 million men wear it. ’

Writlfoifm Illustrated Catalog of “Ball-Band’.’ Rubber‘Footwm. '

MISHAWAKA WOOLEN MFG..GO.

. 81. VIII-mu. IIIh-wlka. Indiana.

“Th0 Home TM: '15:) Million: for Quality.”
TH5E MICHIGAN FA‘RMy-ER fl





 





.. AUG. 23, 1913.





 





 





 





%





 





 





 





 





 





“Till Death

A





PLAY recently came to town

which roused my ire to such an

extent that I haven’t gotten over

it yet. It was built around that idea, so

popular just now, of the husband who

outgrows his wife mentally and then goes

roaming off after that curse of modern

society, an affinity. The wife had been





busy in her home, rearing her family,

doing all her own work, and the chores

her husband should have done, in order





to give that clever and talented creature

time to read and study. The poor thing

had only one thought, the advancement

of her husband, and She hadn’t had time

to go chasing after culture or study up

on the latest styles. That made no dif-

ference to hubby, nor to the world at

large. She should have kept up with him

and held his love, everyone said, and

when she found herself deserted she got

nothing but censure.



This seems to be the attitude of the

world at the present time. We see it.

working out in real life and have it serv-

ed up to us in stories and the “advice to

women” columns of the daily papers. The

wife must keep up with her husband, or

else. of course, he will pick up with

someone elSe. \Vhy shouldn't he?



The mere fact that his wife has borne

his children and lost her health and good

looks rearing them should not have the

least weight with him when he sees a.

pretty face. The woman he married has

acted as his cook, laundress and scrub-





woman in order to help him save his

first thousand dollars and get the start

towards the fortune which he is now





about to spend on someone who is “his

equal.” Or perhaps she has kept board-

ers to support him while he studied and

got to the top in his profession. She has

done grinding physical work to make life

easier for him; has walked the floor of

nights with fretful babies that he might

sleep and be fresh for the next day; she

has warded off bill collectors so that he

need not worry, and lite-rally has given

her life to make him a success. All this

need count for nothing, according to the

modern teaching. She should have kept

young and fresh and up with the times

anyway. A woman has no business to let

herself go down mentally or to get care-

less about her dress.



I often think I Should like to have

some of the men and women who write

so wisely about it, take the wife’s place

for awhile. I wonder just how much

heart they could put into anything but

the most desultory reading after a day

spent over the wash tub. or ironing board





with three meals to get, two or three





children to watch and the house to keep .





tidy in addition. The woman who can

do all her own work through the period

of child raising and still keep up must

.have either a superhuman will 01- super-

human strength. She needs both.

Personally, if my husband has

enough respect for himself and his mar-

riage vows to be true to me if I do fall

behind him, I don’t want him or his love.

If I must dress like a chorus girl, and

chatter about all the latest books and

plays and pictures in order to be attrac-

tive to him, I should prefer that he look

elsewhere. If the fact that I have tried

to be a help-meet in the good old—fash-

ioned sense of the term counts for noth-

ing, then fare-the-well. He can take'the

affinity, and I will try to console myself

isn't worth





not





with the thought that he

crying about.



If the wife in moderate circumstances

1





does her duty her husband ought to wor-

ship her.‘ If she looks well to the ways

of her household, spends his money wise-

ly, brings up his children to be worthy

men and women, and is not a shrew,

why need she have to do anything more?

- It is becauSe of her patient self-sacrifice

that the husband is free to improve.

Should not gratitude and common dec-

ency bind him to her, if he does lose the





t \





“Ionian-21113 Her

e At Home 51110 Elsewij ere

33$





 





[r





Do Us Part.”





early love Which moved him in boyhood?



I have no patience with the modern

thought which condones the husband who

when he arrives deserts the wife who

couldn’t keep up. If the real truth were

known in the majority of cases she is

more worthy of praise than the brilliant

creature who feels himself so greatly her

superior.



DEBORAH.





POP CORN STITCH.





 





BY MAE Y. MAHAFFY.



One of the novelties among crochet

workers is the pop corn stitch, sometimes

known as raised or puff stitch. It is us-

ually seen in connection with the filet or

open block background, and

iarly handsome for bedspreads, sofa pil-





is particu—.





 





 





 





 





Needy





 





 





 





‘\





first of these six double crochet stitches;

turn back again, chain one stitch, and

double crochet into double croehet stitch

of previous row. This completes the

stitch and the square at the same time,

and one is ready to continue to the next

puff or open block. A little practice in

making the puffs will aid one so that they

can carry out almost any cross stitch,

bead work or darning pattern in crochet

if no regular crochet patterns are at

hand. When it becomes necessary to

make a puff stitch in a puff stitch of a

previous row instead of an open square

place the double crochet stitches in the

chain stitch which was made in turning

the work, leaving the puff standing up

loosely on the right side of the work.

The band or insertion illustrated is

made of a medium grade of crochet fiess,





 





and measures three and a half inches

wide. Finer thread will make it narrow-

er, of course, and vice versa.





Make 15 open blocks to start this inser-





 





low tops, bags, table runners, towels, bed

linen,,etc. Any of the coarser and medi-

um threads are used for these purposes,

while those of finer quality are made use

of if the work is for dress trimming, un-

derwear, and the like. Collars for suits,

dresses, or coats may be made in this

stitch, and it is a matter of choice wheth-

er heavy or fine materials are used, since

both are appropriate.



A majority of crochet workers are fa-

miliar with the filet background.

sists of open squares made by chaining

two stitches and double crocheting into

the row of chain stitches made as a be-

ginning. In each succeeding row ‘the

same plan is followed, but the double

cr0chet stitch is made into the double





crochet stitch of the previous row, so

that the squares are parallel throughout.

Five chain stitches are always made to

turn at the edges.



To make the puff stitch, after double

crocheting to complete an open square

double crochet six more times into the

opening of preVIOus row; turn the work





It con-'





lion. In the next row, the tin], make 3

open blOt'kS, 2 puffs, 5 open blocks, 2

puffs, and 3 blocks.





The 4th row consists of 1 block, 2

puffs, 2 blocks, 2 puffs, 1 block, 2 puffs,

2 blocks, 2 puffs, and 1 block.



The 5th row is like the 3rd.



The 6th row has 7 blocks, 1 puff and 7

blocks.





The 7th row has 6 blocks, 1 puff, 1

block, 1 puff, and 6 blocks,



The 8th row has 5 blocks, 1 puff, 3

blocks, 1 puff, 5 blocks.





The 9th row has 4 blocks,





blocks, 1 puff, 4 blo%K

The 10th row has . «blocks, 1 puff, 3





l’lW‘kS, 1 puff, 3 blocks, 1 puff, 3 blocks.

The 11th row has 2 blocks, 1 puff, 3





1 puff, 5





 





blocks, 1 puff, 1 block, 1 puff, 3 blocks,

1 puff, 2 blocks. '

The 12th row

The 13th

The 14th

The 15th is like the 7th.

The 16th is like the 6th.

Now repeat from 3rd row until suffi-





like the

like the

like the





10th.

9th.

8th.





in the hands, and slip stitch into the cient insertion is made.





 





O



Edgings may be made emsswise, just

as this insertion is made. Or, a. chain

as long as the lace needed may be cro- .

cheted, and the scallops formed on this,

as in the illustration. In this way the

loose edges of the puffs form the seal-

loped edges of the lace.





 





THE FARMER’S PART IN THE TU-

BERCULOSIS CRUSADE.





 





BY CHA'FLOTTE A. AIKENS.





What is the farmer’s part in the tuber-

culosis crusade? As a citizen he must

share the burden of caring for those af-

flicted with the disease, by helping to

provide the means for cure in his own

state, by the erection and maintenance

of sanitoriums for care and cure. But

his best work will be the preventive work



e does, and the educational work that

he furthers in his own immediate com-

munity. If he is a good citizen he can-

not be satisfied to have no part in this,

the greatest war that was ever waged.



One of the hardest of all lessons to be

learned is that it is one of the greatest

mistakes to send a man or woman who

has contracted the disease, hundreds or

thousands of miles from home to seek.a

cure in another climate. Texas. Colo-

rado, Arizona and California are. throng—

ed with misguided victims who cling to

the delusion that the one thing needed

to cure- them is a change of climate.

It is true that the mild weather (com-

paratiVely), in those states makes it pos-

sible for people to be out of doors com-

fortably for the greater part of the year,

but it cannot be too strongly emphasized

that fresh air is only one item out of

four very important essentials to a cure.

So far as, its curative value is concern-

ed, the fresh air of Michigan or Canada

or Ohio or New York has proven quite

as effectual in arresting the disease as

the air in any one of the western states

mentioned.



Every intelligent person should remem-

ber these four essentials to a cure, and

that the earlier the patient gets under

treatment the better his chance of fight-

ing a winning battle!



Rest, abundance of easily digested food,

fresh air, and freedom from worry, with

cheerful comfortable surroundings. These

are the things which the best medical

authorities of the world have agreed are

necessary to a cure. No one of these

alone, nor even two or three of them are

sufficient. A consumptive patient may

live out of doors day and night and fail

to improve if he has not the right food





and plenty of it. fixed in such a way

that he can relish and digest it. He- may

have good food and good air and con-





stantly grow worse if he works or tries ‘

to, or fails to rest when his condition

demands rest, in order that repair may

go on. He may have all three of the es—

sentials mentioned and his condition daily

grow more discouraging because of lone-

liness or homesickness or general de-

pressing surroundings.



If a patient has ample means to pro-

vide the comforts mentioned and can af-

ford to have some of his own family with

him, he may find it worth while to try

to “chase the cure” in Denver or San

Antonio or Phoenix. If he hasn’t; then

let him be sensible, and see what can

be (done to supply these essentials at

home.



The benefits of the sanitorium treat-

ment as compared with home treatment

under the guidance of an experienced

physician who is willing to study the

case in all its bearings, and persist in

spite of disc0uragements, are mainly ed-

ucational. If a patient can afford to

spend a couple of months at a sanitorium

he learns how to take better care of

himself—what he must do to be saved.

and what he must do to prevent those

near and dear who must be associated

with him, from contracting the disease.

After he has learned those lessons he

has a good chance to secure the benefits

of sanitorium treatment at home. A tent

in; the back yard, or a balcony protected
by canvast'from' rains and storms, can





‘be used at home for fully seven months





of the year. For the other five a. win—

dow tent which is arranged so that the

head is out of doors and the body in a

room wen covered and warm, can be

used very effectuallY-



,On the farm he has the best chance in

the world of.getting the freshest of milk

and eggs, fowls, butter, and so on, things

which a boardinghouse keeper out in Col-

orado or Arizona cannot afford to supply

except at exorbitant prices. Visitors to,

and residents of Denver, haVe said over

and over again, that the most pitiful

thing seen in that territory was the army

of homesick, discouraged, unkempt,

health seekers shut out of the best ho-

tels and boarding houses, forced into

third-rate rooms in the least desirable

parts of the city, thousands of miles from

home, led there under the mistaken de-

lusio'n that if they could only get to Col-

orado they could work enough to pay ex-

penSes. Every citizen Who is interested

in the Welfare of the sick should use his

voice and influence against sending the

consumptive with limited means, away

far from home and friends, to fight his

battle alone, without the support of sym-

pathetic friends and relatives.



In Farmers' Clubs and Granges the

question of tuberculosis and its preven-

tion comes up periodically for discussion.

At such times it cannot be too strongly

emphasized that the care of the incura-

ble or the ad‘ltanced case of consumption

is a duty that‘cannot be neglected, if the

state is ever to be free from the tuber—

culosis scourge. It is estimated that

each advanced case, if not properly hand-

led. infects four others, and thus the

vicious circle of disease is perpetuated.



The value of fresh air in sleeping and

living rooms. not only in the summer but

all the year through, is another point

which needs constantly to be emphasized

when methods of prevention are being

dischsed. One very common mistake in

farmers’ homes is that the sleeping

rooms are too small. A bedroom less

than 10x12 feet is too small to give the

proper. amOunt of air space and ventila-

tion that is needed if those who occupy

the bedroom are to keep well. More than

one—third of one’s life is spent in one’s

bedroom, far more than the average fam—

ily spend in the. parlor, which is usually

light and large and airy. It is better by

far to go in debt for a few hundred dol-

lars extra, when building a house, than

to cramp the sleeping quarters for the

family for a generation to come.



Preventive work is everybody’s work,

and one does not have to wait for one of

the family to become infected to begin

it. It is the mother’s opportunity if a.

child is born with a narrow, flat chest,

and a. generally delicate constitution. to

guard against habits of stooping, to in—

sist that such a child practices regularly

deep breathing exerciSes to help to de-

velop his chest, to see that he is kept in

the open air summer aiMnter as much

as possible, that he is not unduly pushed

in his studies at school, that corsets'are

not adopted by growing girls who need

the fullest possible chance for chest ex-

pansion. One great example of the value

of wise methods such as these is seen in

Ex-Prcsident Roosevelt, whose health,

when young, caused much anxiety.





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editor:——Can you suggest

“something different” in sandwiches?—

Mary B.



If you like preserved ginger, ginger-nut

sandwiches are nice. Chop preserved gin-

ger and English walnuts and mix with a

SUSDiCiOn of cream. Then spread between

slices of whole wheat bread, or plain

white, as you prefer. A lettuce leaf ad-

ded is a welcome addition.



I am a reader of the Michigan Farmer

and find much advise in your columns.

Would like you to answer these ques-

tions: What are the latest styles, and

what colors will be worn this fall and

winter? \K’hat are the latest fads in silks

and worsted goods?—~M.



Suits and gowns both show draped





skirts, which are longer than last sea-

sons. The coats are cut away like the

little, jackets so much worn just now in

wash goods. Blue, black and white and

brown will be worn. There is a return

to quieter colors after the garish display

of spring, In worsted goods, heavy weaves

are good, ratines, eponge, and similar

fabrics. Messalines, charmeuse, and silks

with a sheen are shown. Your mother

will be a better guide in matters of de-

portment than anyone else. Ask her what

it is best to do.



Household Editor:——How do you clarify

fat?—Cook.



A good method is to pour boiling water

over the fat, boil thoroughly and then





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





set away to cool. When it hardens you

will find most of the sediment clinging to

the bottom of the cake of fat, from which

it may be scraped off. If the cake is not

perfectly clear, boil again. If the fat has

been cooked previously with some food

which left a flavor, melt it and slice in a

little raw potato. Heat gradually and

when the potatoes are brown, strain and

set aside.



Household Editorz—The last two or

three times I baked, the bread was full

of large holes. ,What is the cause?—

Mrs. X.



The bread was either kneaded tOO much

or allowed to raise too long. If they are

principally just below the crust the oven

was too hot.



_Household Editorz—We have lots of

pieplant but lmVe got tired of it juSt

stewed or in pies. Do you know any

other way to fix it?— . J.



Remove the skin, after washing, and

cut in small pieces in a covered pudding

dish, sprinkling each layer with sugar.

Add a little water, and a little bit of pre—

served gingcr or candied orange peel.

Cover and bake until the rhubarb is ten-

der. For another change alternate lay-

ers of rhubarb with layers of raisins or

figs, which have been previously stewed

in boiling water.



Household Editorz—Y‘Ve have been sub-

scribers of your paper for over eight

years, and we find it a very useful pa-

per. We find many useful hints in its

columns. Vl'ould you please tell me haw

to get ants out of a cupboard? They

seem to bother sweet things worse. than

anything else. i have tried several rem-

edies but none seem to have any effect.

—V. M. W.



There are many things recommended

for driving away ants but the only thing

I ever used that really did the work was

tartar emetic. Buy five cents worth and

put one teaspoonful in a saucer of Wat—

er. Set where- the ants come. Be sure

to keep out of the reach. of children.





 





SHORT CUTS TO ~iTousEEEEPleIe.





 





The pancake turner is a very useful

article for removing fried eggs or omelet

from the skillet; also to remove pie or

cookies from the tin—A. E. L.



“'hen baby has a sore mouth mix a

teaspoonful of sage steeped in half a cup

of hot water, one teaspoonful of strained

honey and a very little alum. “Gish out

the mouth every three hours. using a

fresh cloth each time—Mrs. J. J. O'C.





 





FASHIONS av MAY MANTON.





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92

pages illustrating over 700 of the season's

latest styles, and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of 10 cents.

I





 





 





 





 





 





 





NO. 7887—Fancy blouse 34 to 42 bust.

With long or three- -quarter sleeves



NO. 7889—Fancy blouse for misses and

small women. 14. 16 and 18 years. With

long or elbow sleeves.



NO. 7907— Semi- princesse dress for

misses and small women, 16 and 18 years.

\Vith four- -piece skirt, elbow or long

sleeves



NO. 7895—Two- -piece draped skirt 22 to

132 waist. With high or natural waist

me.



No. 7921—Two- piece or th-ree -piece

skirt for misses and small women, 14.16

and 18 years With or without openings

in side seams, with straight or curved

edges, high or natural waist line.



The above patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

of the Michigan Farmer on receipt of 10

cents for each.





   





 





 





 





   





a...“

. M...—

-.. . ‘., ,gnwu-

. . . ,. .g,





wméwfiiwm‘i’v.

«aL'f» '





j3.Wiiiffieeiifiiumgg\\m





Symbols

of Protection





Ancient Egyptians carved

over their doorways and upon

their temple walls the symbol

Of- supernatural protection; a

winged disk. It typified the

light and power of the sun,

brought down from on high

by the wings of a bird.





 

 

 

 





     





 





 





 





 





 





Mediaeval Europe, in a

more practical manner, sought

protection behind the solid

masonry of castle walls.





The Bell System has

carried the telephone wires

everywhere throughout the

land, so that all the people

are bound together for the

safety and freedom of each.





in America we have ap-

proached the ideal of the

Egyptians. Franklin drew

electricity from the clouds

and Bell harnessed it to the

telephone.





This telephone protection,

with electric speed, reaches

the most isolated homes.

Such ease of communication

makes us a homogeneous

people and thus fosters and

protects our national ideals

and political rights.





Today the telephone is a

means of protection more

potent than the sun disk

fetish and more practical than ‘

castle walls.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





One Policy One System Universal Service





Guaranteed 5 Ye ears





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A $50 MACHINEwfi 91





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Release—Automatic Lift Drop Head——High Ann—Oak or Walnut Table.





We Pay the Freight

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Our new model, im-

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sewing machine has cam

thread take up, giving

better control of the

thread and makinga bet-

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backwards will not break

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est arm, disc tension, :1u—

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with loose band wheel,

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All.





 

   





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IMPROV - ' .



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For $7 extra we will send the $19 machine with automatic lift in a hand-

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We piepay freight to any freight station east of the Mississippi River, 01

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sent for our handsome illustrated free catalog, printed in colors. '





THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Michigan.
TH7E MICHIGAN FAARMER





’9





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





“Till Death  





\





Women 311%) Her





 





 





 





 





 





At Home £1110 Elsew ere





{r





Do Us Part.”





 





 





PLAY recently came to town



which roused my ire to such an



extent that I haven’t gotten over

it yet. It was built around that idea, so

popular just now, of the hquand who

outgrows his wife mentally and then goes

roaming off after that curse of modern

society. an affinity. The wife had been

busy in her home, rearing her family,

doing all her own. work, and the chores

her husband should have done, in order

to give that clever and talented creature

time to read and study. The poor thing

had only one thought, the advancement

of her hquand, and she hadn’t had time





to go chasing after culture or study up

on the latest styles. That made no dif-

ference to hubby, nor to the world at

large. She should have kept up with him

and held his love, everyone said, and

when. she found herself deserted she got

nothing but censure. '



This seems to be the attitude of the’

world at the present time. \Ve see it





working out in real life and have it serv-

ed up to us in stories and the “advice to

women" columns of the daily papers. The

wife must keep up with her husband, or

else. of course. he will pick up with

someone elSe. \Vhy shouldn’t he?



The mere fact that his wife has borne

his children and lost her health and good

rearing them should not have the

least weight with him when he sees a.

pretty face. The woman he married has

acted as his cook, laundress and scrub-

woman in order to help him save his

first thousand dollars and get the start

towards the fortune which he is now

about to spend on someone who is “his

equal.” Or perhaps she has kept board-

ers to support him while he studied and

got to the top in his profession. She has

done grinding physical work to make life

easier for him; has walked the floor of

nights with fretful babies that he might

sleep and be fresh for the next day; she

has warded off bill collectors so that he

need not worry, and literally has given

her life to make him a success. All this

need count for nothing, according to the

modern teaching. She should have. kept

young and fresh and up with the times

anyway. A woman has no business to let

herself go down mentally or to get care-

less about her dress.



I often think I should like to have

some of the men and women who write

so wisely about it, take the wife‘s place

wonder just how much

heart they could put into anything but

the most desultory reading after a (lay

spent over the wash tub. or ironing board

with three get, two or three

children to watch

tidy in addition. The woman who can

druall her own work through the period

of child raising and still keep up must

.have either a superhuman will or super-

human strength. She needs both.



Personally. if my husband has

enough respect for himself and his mar-

riage, vows to be true to me if I do fall

behind him, I don’t want him or his love.

if I must dress like a chorus girl, and

chatter about all the latest books and

plays and pictures in order to be attrac—

tive to him, I‘ should prefer that he look

elsewhere. If the fact that I have tried

to be a help-meet in the good old—fash-

ioned sense of the term counts for noth-

ing, then fare-the—well. He can takethe

affinity, and I will try to console myself

with the thought that he isn’t worth

crying: about.



If the wife in moderate circumstances

{does her‘duty her husband ought to w0r~

ship her.‘ If she looks well to the ways

of her household, spends his money wise-

ly, brings up his children to be worthy

men and women. and is not a shrew,

why need she have to do anything more?

It is because of her patient self-sacrifice

that the husband is free to improve.

Should not gratitude and common dec-

ency bind him to her, if he does lose the





looks





for awhile. 1





meals to





not





 





and the house to keep ‘





early love which moved him in boyhood?



I have no patience with the modern

thought which condones the husband who

when he arrives deserts the wife who

couldn’t keep up. If the real truth were

known in the majority of cases she is

more worthy of praise than the brilliant

creature who feels himself so greatly her

superior.



DEBORAH.





POP CORN STITCH.





 





BY MAE Y. MAHAFFY.



One of the novelties among crochet

workers is the pop corn stitch, sometimes

known as raised or puff stitch. It is us-

ually seen in connection with the filet or

open block background, and is particu-

larly handsome for bedspreads, sofa pil-





low tops, bags, table runners, towels, bed

linen,,etc. Any of the coarser and medi-

um threads are used for these purposes,

while those of finer quality are made use

of if the work is for dress trimming, un-

derwear, and the like. Collars for suits,

dresses, or coats may be made in this

stitch, and it is a matter of choice wheth-

er heavy or fine materials are used, since

both are appropriate.



A majority of crochet workers are fa-

miliar with the filet background.

sists of open squares made by chaining





two stitches and double crocheting into

the row of chain stitches made as a be-

ginning. In each succeeding row ‘the





same plan is followed, but the double

crochet stitch is made into the double





crochet stitch of the previous row, so

that the squares are parallel throughout.

Five chain stitches are always made to

turn at the edges.



To make the puff stitch, after double

crocheting to complete an open square

double crochet six more times into the

opening of previous row; turn the work





%





It con-7





Needs





 





 





 





 





‘\





first of these six double crochet stitches;

turn back again, chain one stitch, and

double crochet into double crochet stitch

of previous row. This completes the

stitch and the square at the same time,

and one is ready to continue to the next

puff or open block. A little practice in

making the puffs will aid one so that they

can carry out almost any cross stitch,

bead work or darning pattern in crochet

if no regular crochet patterns are at

hand. When it becomes necessary to

make a puff stitch in a puff stitch of a.

previous row instead of an open square

place the double crochet stitches in the

chain stitch which was made in turning

the work, leaving the puff standing up

loosely on the right side of the work.

The band or insertion illustrated is

made of a medium grade of crochet floss,





 





and measures three and a half inches

wide. Finer thread will make it narrow—

er. of course, and vice Versa.





Make 15 open blocks to start this inser-





 





tion. In the next row, the 3rd, make 3

open bloeks. 2 puffs, 5 open blocks, 2

puffs, and 3 blocks.



The 4th row consists of 1 block, 2

puffs, 2 blocks, 2 puffs, 1 block, 2 puffs,

2 blocks, 2 puffs, and 1 block.



The 5th row is like the 3rd.



The 6th row has 7 blocks, 1 puff and 7

blocks.



The 7th row has 6 blocks,

block, 1 puff, and 6 blocks.



The 8th row has 5 blocks,

blocks, 1 puff, 5 blocks.



The 9th row has 4 blocks,

blocks, 1 puff, 4 blacks.



The 10th row has 3 blocks,





1 puff, 1

1 puff, 3

1 puff, 5





1 puff, 3





blocks, 1 puff, 3 blocks, 1 puff, 3 blocks.

The 11th row has 2





blocks, 1 puff, 3





 





blocks, 1 puff, 1 block, 1 puff, 3 blocks,

1 puff, 2 blocks.





The

The





12th

13th

The 14th





like the 10th.

is like the 9th.

is like the 8th.

,The 15th is like the 7th.

The 16th is like the 6th.

Now repeat from 3rd row until suffi-





row is





in the hands, and slip stitch into the cient insertion is made.





0



Edgings may be made crosswise, just

as this insertion is made. Or, a. chain

as long as the lace needed may be cro- .

cheted, and the scallops formed on this,

as in the illustration. In this way the

l005e edges of the puffs form the scal-

loped edges of the lace.





 





THE FARMER’S PART IN THE TU-

BERCULOSIS CRUSADE. '





 





BY CHA'BLOTTE A. AIKENS.





What is the farmer’s part in the tuber-

culosis crusade? As a citizen he must

share the burden of caring for those af-

flicted with the disease, by helping to

provide the means for cure in his own

state. by the erection and maintenance

of sanitoriums for care and cure. But

his best work will be the preventive, work



e does. and the educational work that

he furthers in his own immediate com—

munity. If he is a gor>d citizen he can-

not be satisfied to have no part in this,

the greatest war that was ever waged.



One of the hardest of all lessons to be

learned is that it is one of the greatest

mistakes to send a man or woman who

has contracted the disease, hundreds or

thousands of miles from home to seek.a

cure in another climate. 'l‘exas. Colo-

rado, Arizona and California are throng-

ed with misguided victims who clingr to

the delusion that the one thiner needed

to cure them is a change of climate.

It is true that the mild weather (com-

paratively), in those states makes it pos-

sible for people to be out of doors com-

fOrtably for the greater part of the year,

but it cannot be too strongly emphasized

that freSh air is only one item out of

four very important essentials to a cure.

So far as its curative value is concern-

ed, the fresh air of Michigan or Canada

or Ohio or New York has proven quite

as effectual in' arresting the disease as

the air in any one of the western state-s

mentioned.



Every intelligent person should remem—

ber these four essentials to a cure, and

that the earlier the patient gets under

treatment the better his chance of fight-

ing a winning battle!



Rest. abundance of easily digested food,

fresh air, and freedom from worry, with

cheerful comfortable surroundings. These

are the things which the best medical

authorities of the World have agreed are

necessary to a cure. No one of these

alone, nor even two or three of them are

sufficient. A consumptive patient may

live out of doors day and night and fail

to improve if he has not the right food

and plenty of it, fixed in such a way

that he can relish and digest it. He may

have good food and good air and con-

stantly grow worse if he works or tries '

to, or fails to rest when his condition

demands rest. in order that repair may

go on. He may have all three of the es-

sentials mentioned and his condition daily

grow more discouraging because of lone--

liness or homesickness or general de-

pressing surroundings.



If a patiem- has ample means to pro—

vide the comforts mentioned and can af-

ford to have some of his own family with

him, he may find it worth while to try

to “chase the cure” in Denver or San

Antonio or Phoenix. If he hasn’t; then

let him be sensible, and see what can

be done to supply these essentials at

home.



The benefits of the sanitorium treat-

ment as compared with home treatment

under the guidance of an experienced

physician who is willing to study the

case in all its bearings, and persist in

spite of discouragements, are mainly ed-

ucational. If a patient can afford to

spend a couple of months at a sanitorium

he learns how to take better care of

himself—what he mUSt do to be saved.

and what he must do to prevent those

near and dear who must be associated

with him, from contracting the disease.

After he has learned those lessons 'he

has a good chance to secure the benefits

of sanitorium treatment at home. A tent

in» the back yard, or a balcony protected
fl:





 





.AUG. 23,1913, ~,





by canvas, from rains and storms, can

be used at home for fully seven months

of the year. For the' other five, a. Win-

dow tent. Which is} arranged so that the

head is out of doors and the body in a.

roam well covered and warm, can be

used very effectually.



,On the farm he has the best chance in

the world of getting the freshest of milk

and eggs, fowls, butter, and so on, things

which a boardinghouse keeper out in C01-

orado or'AriZOna cannot afford to supply

except at exorbitant prices. Visitors to,

and residents of Denver, have said over

and over again. that the most pitiful

thing seen in that territory was the army

of homesick, discouraged, unkempt,

health seekers shut out of the best ho-

tels and boarding houses, forced into

third-rate rooms in the least desirable

parts of the city, thousands of miles from

home. led there under the mistaken de-

lusion that if they could only get to Col.

orado they could work enough to pay ex~

penses. Every citizen who is interested

in [the welfare of the sick should use his

voice and influence against sending the

consumptive with limited means, away

far from home and friends, to fight his





battle alone, without the support of sym-V





pathetic friends and relatives.



In Farmers' Clubs and Granges the

question of tuberculosis and its preven-

tion comes up periodically for discussion.

At such times it cannot be too strongly

emphasized that the care of the incura-

ble or the advanced case of consumption

is a duty that cannot be neglected, if the

state is ever to be free from the tuber—

culosis scourge. It is estimated that

each advanced case, if not properly hand-

led, infects four others, and thus the

vicious circle of disease is perpetuated.



The value of fresh air in sleeping and

living rooms, not only in the summer but

all the year through, is another point

which needs constantly to be emphasized

when methods of prevention are being

discussed. One very common mistake in

farmers’ homes is that the sleeping

rooms are too small. A bedroom less

than 10x12 feet is too small to give the

proper amount of air space and ventila-

tion that is needed if those who occupy

the bedroom are to keep well. More than

one-third of one's life is spent in one’s

bedroom, far more than the average fam-

ily spend in the parlor, which is usually

light and large and airy. It is better by

far to go in debt for a few hundred dol-

lars extra, when building a house, than

to cramp the sleeping quarters for the

family for a generation to come.



Preventive- work ‘is everybody's work,

and one does not have to wait for one of

the family to become infected to begin

it. It is the mother’s opportunity if a

child is born with a narrow. fiat chest,

and a. generally delicate constitution, to

guard against habits of stooping. to in-

sist that such a child practices regularly

deep breathing exerciSes to help to de-

velop his chest, to see that he is kept in

the Open air summer and winter as, much

as possible, that he is not unduly pushed

in his studies at school, that corsets_are

not adopted by growing girls who need

the fullest possible chance for chest ex-

pansion. One great example of the value

of wise methods such as these is seen in

Ex-President Roosevelt, whose health,

when young, caused much anxiety.





HOME QUERIES.





 





HOUSehold Editorz—Can you suggest

"something different" in sandwiches?—

Mary B.



If you like preserved ginger, ginger-nut

sandwiches are nice. Chop preserved gin-

ger and English walnuts and mix with a

suspicion of cream. Then spread between

slices of whole wheat bread, or plain

white, as you prefer. A lettuce leaf ad-

ded is a welcome addition.





I am a reader of the Michigan Farmer

and find much advise in your Columns.

Would like you to answer these ques-

tions: \Vhat are the latest styles, and

what colors will be worn this fall and

winter? “'hat are the latest fads in silks

and worsted goods?—M. M.



‘Suits and gowns both show draped





skirts, which are longer than last sea-

sons. The coats are cut away like the

little jackets so much worn just now in

wash goods. Blue, black and white and

brown will be worn. There is a return

to quieter colors after the garish display

of spring, In worsted goods, heavy weaves

are good, ratines, eponge, and similar

fabrics. Messalines, charmeuse, and silks

with a sheen are shown. Your mother

will be a better guide in matters of de—

portment than anyone else. Ask her what

it is best to do.



Household Editor:-—How do you clarify

fat?~—Cook.



A good method is to pour boiling water

over the fat, boil thoroughly and then





 





 





THE MI'CHIGA‘N‘WF‘A‘RMER





set away to cool. When it hardens you

will find most of the sediment clinging to

the bottom of the cake of fat, from which

it may be scraped off. If the cake is not

perfectly clear, boil again. If the fat has

been cooked previously with some food

which left a flavor, melt it and slice in a

little raw potato. Heat gradually and

when the potatoes are brown, strain and

set aside. ,



Household Editor:——The last two or

three times I baked, the bread was full

of large holes. ,What is the cause?-—

Mrs. K.



The bread was either kneaded too much

or allowed to raise too long. If they are

principally just below the crust the oven

was too hot.



Household Editor:-—VVe have lots of

pieplant but haVe got tired of it juSt

steWed or in pies. Do you know any

other way to fix it?—M. J.



Remove the skin, after washing, and

cut in small pieces in a covered pudding

dish, sprinkling each layer with sugar.

Add a little water, and a little bit of pre-

served gingcr or candied orange peel.

Cover and bake until the rhubarb is ten-

der. For another change alternate lay-

ers of rhubarb with layers of raisins or

figs, which have been previously stewed

in boiling water.



Household Editorz—VVe have been sub—

scribers of your paper for over eight

years, and we find it a very useful pa-

per. VVe find many useful hints in its

columns. “'ould you please tell me how

to get ants out of a cupboard? They

seem to bother sweet things worse than

anything else. I have tried several rem-





edies but none seem to have any effect.

——Y. M. W.





There are many things recommended

for driving away ants but the only thing

I ever used that really did the work was

tartar emetic. Buy five cents worth and

put one teaspoonful in a saucer of wat-

er. Set where the ants come. Be sure

to keep out of the reach, of children.





 





 





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





The pancake turner is a very useful

article for 'removing fried eggs or omelet

from the skillet; also to remove pie or

cookies from the tin—A. E. L,



“'hen b‘lby has a sore mouth mix a

teaspoonful of sage steeped in half a cup

of hot water, one teaspoonful of strained

honey and a Very little alum. “'ash out

the mouth every three hours. using a

fresh cloth each time—Mrs. J. J. O’C.





 





 





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92

pages illustrating over 700 of the season's

latest styles, and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of 10 cents.

I





 





 





 





 





 





 





No. 788

“'ith long or three-quarter sleeves.



No. 7889—Fancy blouse for misSes and

small women. 14. 16 and 18 years. With

long or elbow sleeves.



No. 7907~Scmi~princesse dress for

misses and small women, 16 and 18 years.





\‘Vith four-piece skirt,

sleeves.



No. 7895—Two-piece draped skirt. 22 to

13.2 wa15t. With high or natural waist

me.



No. 7921—Two—piece or three-piece

skirt for misses and small women, 14. 16

and 18 years. 'VVith or without openings

in side seams, with straight or curved

edges, high or natural waist line.



The above patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

of the Michigan Farmer on receipt of 10

cents for each.





elbow or long





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





. aeg‘fiWWWe

.. - . at! ' *





 





“rue-mu.

. W,





 

 

 





 





--w:‘:~z‘srssv~ ,_ 7 "

“uémfi





. “fa" . ‘ . aim

m2? ; ‘





..... fig. ,' fifi‘h‘h





 





 





   

 





   

 

 





 

 

 





 

 





 

 





rkgfgfif‘t





 





Symbols

of Protection





Ancient Egyptians carved

over their doorways and upon

their temple walls the symbol

of- supernatural protection; a

winged disk. It typified the

light and power of the sun,

brought down from on high

by the wings of a bird.





 





 





Medimval Europe, in a

more practical manner, sought

protection behind the solid

masonry of castle walls.





The Bell System has

carried the telephone wires

everywhere throughout the

land, so that all the people

are bound together for the

safety and freedom of each.





In America we have ap-

proached the ideal of the

Egyptians. Franklin drew

electricity from the clouds

and Bell harnessed it to the

telephone.





This telephone protection,

with electric speed, reaches

the most isolated homes.

Such ease of communication

makes us a homogeneous

people and thus fosters and

protects our national ideals

and political rights.





Today the telephone is a

means of protection more





potent than the su n disk

fetish and more practical than

castle walls.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES





 

 

 

 

 





Universal Service





 





One Policy One System

‘ Guaranteed 5 Years





'l‘o adv-ulna our businessman new friends and introduce our cnulogno of mm

,_ Watches we will send this elegant word: by null post paid for o N 98

. . CE NTS_ Gentleman’s also. high grade gold plate finish. Arabic ill-l. lover

, ‘ «comment. sum wind and Item not. 1 perfect timokupor and fully gunman-m1



. for 5 ynra. Send this ndv. to us with 98u.nnd watch will be cent by return null

postpoid. Boiler-etiongunnnmd or money refunded. Bend 98o todny. Addnu





R. E. CHALMERS & (20., 538 So. Dearborn St. CHICAGO.





A $50 MACHINwalg ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





New Model with Ball Bearing Head and Stand—Automatic Tension l

Releases—Automatic Lift Drop Head—High Ann—~Oak or Walnut Table.





We Pay the Freight

“film 90 Days’ Trial





Our new model, im-

proved Michigan Farmer

sewing machine has cam

thread taxke up. giving

better control of the

thread and makinga bet-

ter stitch than any other

arrangement. Running lt

backwards will not break

the thread. It has high-

est arm, disc tension. :iu-

tomatic bobbin winder

with loose band wheel,

high lift for heavy work.





 





 





All.





   





 





 





MODERN



move ”New, Guaranteed for 20 Years.



MENTS. Steel pitman and money refunded if not satis-

factory after 90 days’ trial. Com-

plete attachments, accessories



80M [TE and instruction book free. We

guarantee this machine to be



m EV RY first—class in every particular,

handsome in appearance and



RESPECT. equal to any machine made.





Same machine without the au-

tomatic Lift for only $18.





Good Machines as Low as.$12.





For $7 extra we will send the $19 machine with automatic lift in a hand-

some cabmet frame. *



We prepay freight to any freight station east of the Mississippi River, or

south to Tennessee. _You cannot afford to buy a machine until you have

sent for our handsome illustrated free catalog, printed in colors.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Michigan.
1‘





v‘ ”an?" 7-:7





a...





a».





£3,131“ my .





. rat. 2'4“” '





......txxpnj z.





I 158—-l,4





THE ‘MI'CHIGAN‘FA’RMEIR'





A06 2373313.





 





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E.

s . s

Markets.

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IE!!!”IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIlllIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIII|IlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





 





August 20, 1913.



Wheat—Notwithstanding a net advance

in the wheat market during the week,

supplies are piling up in market centers

and with the spring wheat movement just

beginning it is believed that sho‘sld north—

western farmers sell freely there would

be little cause for a strong market. In

fact, the present strength of the wheat

market is credited to corn conditions and

it is believed that the bullish influence of

corn will soon reach its limit and that,

lacking other support, the wheat market

will gradually work to a lower level.

There is a heavy increase in the already

large visible supply in Europe and liberal

offerings of Russian grain. European

conditions are such as to cause little de-

mand for export and there is consider-

able short selling on the market. One

year ago No. 2 red wheat sold on this

market at 951.08% per bu. Quotations for

the week are:





No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. Sept. Dec.

Thursday ...... 891,4 8814 90 94

Friday .......-.90 89 90% 95

Saturday ...... 901/2 891/2 ' 911/1, 95%

MOnday ....... 90% 89%. 913/2 953/2

Tuesday ....... 90 89 90% 94%

\Vednesday .. . . 901/2 89% 9114 95%





Chicago, (Aug. 19).—-—N0. 2 red wheat,

87%@881/zc; No. 3 red. 861/2@88; Sept.,

8613:.c; Dec., 9014c per bu.



COrn.~This market advanced sharply

up to Monday of this week when reported

showers in the bouillwest caused a re-

action and it is believed that should fur-

ther rains mark the end of the drouth

'traders will be on the selling side of the

market. The bullish Side of the market

is not considered attractive at the pres-

ent high level of prices and bears are

only awaiting a favorable opportunity to

make an attack on this market, feeling

that drouth conditions are often exag-

gerated and that good rains might make

a fair crop of much corn that was sup-

posed to have been utterly ruined. One

year ago No. 3 corn sold on this market

at 81c per bu. Quotations for the week





are:



No. 3 No. 3



Corn. Yellow.

Thursday 74 76

Friday ................... 75 76

Saturday , 76 77

Monday ...... . 77 78

TueSday . ........... 761/2 77%

\Vednesday . . . ............ 77 78





Chicago, (Aug. 19)).—No. 2 corn, 7770

771,:1c; No. 3 corn, 77c; No. 3 yellow, 77(1)

771,40; Sept, 75c; l)ec., 687,430 per bu.



Oats.——This market has fluctuated

slightly during the past week in sym-

pathy with corn, although free selling of

grain again weakened prices after any

marked advance. There were only mod-

erate receipts of cash grain on this mar—

ket during the week. One year ago stan-

dard oats sold on this market at 32c per

bu. Quotations for the week are as fol-

lows:





No. 8

Standard. White.

Thursday 431/2 43

Friday 44% 44

Saturday ......... 451A,» 45

Monday . . . . . ..... . ..... . . 441/2 44

Tuesday ................. . 44 431/2

\Vcdnesday ............. . 43% 431,4





Chicago, (Aug, 19).—N0. 2 white oats,

433/40144c; No. 3 white, (HI/310435143; stan—

dard, 43@43§.§c; Sept, 4234c; Oct., 45:ng

per bu.



Beans—Reports from central Michigan

indicate that some fields of beans have

been seriously damaged by rain, followed

by the severely hot weather, also by

either 'fungous disease or insects working

on the stem. which weakens and finally

destroys the. affected plants. Prices on

this market are unchanged; for immedi-

ate shipment, $1.75; October, $1.80 per bu.



Chicago, (Aug. 1!l).——I’ezt beans, hand-

picked, choice, $1.90@1.95; red kidneyS,

$1.650;1.80 per bu. '



Rye.-—-Quotations have advanced half a

cent during the week. Cash No. 2 is now

selling at 64c per bu. At Chicago No, 2

rye is quoted at 67612673éc per bu.. which

is a sharp advance over last week’s quo-

\tations.



Barley.—This grain has again ad-

vanced during the week. Quotations in

this market are 812061130 per cwt. At

ChICugO quotations are 5569740 per bu,

while at Milwaukee malting grades com-

mand 6561/73c per bu.



Clover Seed—Prime October seed was

marked down 20c per bu. during the past

week. October and December now being

quoted at $8.20 on this market; October

alsike, $11.25. -.-\t Toledo prime October

clover seed is quoted at $8.20; December,

$8.25: March. 38.42%: prime October, De-

cemlrr and March alsike, $11.60 per bu.



Timothy Seed.~There has been an ad—

vance of 15C on this market during the

past week, prime spot now bringing $2.65

per bushel.





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flown—Jobbing lots in 1,5 paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs. as follows: Rest patent. $5.50; sec-

and. $5.20; straight. $5; spring patent.

: rye flour. $4.60 per bbl.



Feed.—-In loo-lb. sacks, jabbing lots:

Bran. $23; coarse middlings, $24; fine

middlings, $26; cracked corn, $31; coarse

corn meal, $29; corn and eat chop.

$26.50 per ton. ,



Hay.—Prices remain unchanged: trade

firm. Carlots on the track at Detroit





are; No. 1 timothy, $16@16.50; No. 2,





$12.50@13.50; light mixed, $14.60@15;N0.

1 mixed, $12@12.50.



New York—New hay is offered in fair

quantities and selling within range of

$16@21, per ton. Old hay firm and higher

for best grades. Large baled, No. 1 tim-

othy, $21@22; standard, $21; light clover

mixed, $19@20; heavy mixed, $16@17 per

ton.



Straw.—Detroit.—Steady. Rye, $8@9;

wheat and oat straw, $7@7.50 per ton.



New York—Steady. New, rye straw,

$17 per ton.





 





 





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butter.—;~In spite of the reported slow

movement of butter because of a some-

what tight money market, the local deal

is firm with only moderate supplies and

prices for creamery grades are up a. half

cent. Quotations here unchanged. Ex-

tra creamery, 27c per lb; firsts, 25140;

dairy, 21c; packing stock, 19c.



Elgin.——Market steady at 270, a half

cent advance over last week’s price.



Chicago—This trade ruled firm and

moderately active. Quotations are: Ex-

tra creamery, 26@27c; extra firsts, 26c;

firsts, 250; seconds, 231/2@24c; ladles, 22c;

packing stoek, 21617211/2c as to quality.“



New York.———lmprovement in demand

and slight restriction in supply moved

values upward and left the trade on a

firm basis Tuesday. Creamery extras,

2801728340; firsts, 26@27c; seconds, 241/;@

250; state dairy, finest, 2761327140; good to

prime, 25®26c; common to fair, 23@24c;

packing, 22611221/2c as to quality. -



Chicago—A general improvement is

noted in prices with the quality of the

goods covering a wider number of grades.

Current receipts, 1660190; ordinary firsts,

181/._.((_i>191/2c; firsts, 21146ii22c: extra, 22c:

checks, 11@12%c; dirties, 13@131/_.c per

dozen.



Eggs—Another advance of a cent fol-

lows last week’s higher quotations and

the trade is firm at the new quotations

lioth supply and quality are slumping.

Current offerings, candied, quoted at 21C

per dozen.



New York—Both high and low grades

are in excellent demand while medium

kinds rule easier. Prices show advances

all along the line. Fresh gathered extras,

ZRWBOC; extra firsts, 26fi‘27c; firsts, 24@

25c; western gathered whites, 22((1J28c per

dozen.



Poultry.—No change in values. Supply

is moderate and demand ordinary. Quo-

tations are: Live—Broilers. 1867‘181/2c;

hens, 15171151éc: No. 2 hens. 1161712c; old

roosters. lOfi/llc; turkeys, l7@18c; geese,

1062.111c; ducks, 146(‘15c per lb.



Chicago—No changes except a 1/éc ad-

vance for fowlS. Quotations on live are:

Turkeys, good weight, 18c; others, 12c;

f’owls, good, 141/20; spring chickens. 17c;

ducks, 13c; geese, 10c; guinea hens, $4

per dozen.



New York—Dressed poultry steady

with exception of turkeys, where better

prices rule. Fresh dressed western chick-

ens, 1767230; fowls, 151/361‘191A30; turkeys,

1901200.



Cheese.—Easy. Wholesale lots, Michi-

gan flats, 1334071140; New York flats, 151/;

(«r15§4c: brick cream, 151/Z@IGC; limbur-

ger, 13%@15c.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples—Heavier supply depresses the

price. Now being quoted at 75060351 per

bul, and 82.50613 per bbl.



Huckleberries.——In a little better sup-

ply and lower. Quoted at $4674.25 per bu.



Peaches.—Ohio, 25m,35c per peck; supply

is short and trading firm.



Potatoes.-Trade easier under heavier

receipts.' Bc:~'t quality is coming from

outside states. Imported tubers are quot-

ed at 325001260 per 21/2 bu. sack.



Tomatoes.~lncreased offerings has put

values down another dollar. Home-grown

5150611175 per bu.



Cabbage.——Lower; good quality Quoted

at $2.25@2.50 per bbl.





 





GRAND RAPIDS.



The egg market ;is_ firm. buyers paying

the country trade 191/26120c. The hay

market is higher, best timothy bringing

up to $19 per ton. Offerings on the city

market Tuesday morning were. largest of

the season, with 400 loads in sight. l’lums

were leaders in fruit, ranging from $101)

1.80, and.there were also some peaches

selling from 9515060175. Duchess apples

were firm at 60c, while Astrachans sold

around $1.50; Street Boughs at $1. The

peaches are rather small on account of

dry weather. First home-grown water-

melons appeared this week, bringing $1.50

per dozen. Potatoes sold around 750 on

Tuesday.





 





DETROIT RETAIL PRICES.





Eastern Market—Offerings did not ap-

pear to be moving quite so freely on the

market \Vcdnesday morning, due largely

to their abundance and only an average

attendance of buyers. As a result prices

were reduced for a majority of the pro-

duct-*1 Following are «'iuot‘itions for most

important varieties: Tomatoes of poorer

quality and plentiful going at 900@$1.25

per bu: potatoes. small and fair quality.

85c@$1; .string beans, 75@85c; apples of

good grade, $1: crabs. $1; plums. $1.50m

1.75; pears, Seckels, $1.25: cabbage, 6060

75c; onions $1.25: corn, 756D90c per six

dozen bag: celery. 300, large bunch: eggs.

28@3OC; hay, $130716 per ton for loose.





-~_..—‘__





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

August 18, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo. New York).



Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 130 cars; hogs, 55 double decks:

sheep and lambs, 43 double decks; calves

850 head. ’ ‘





 





 





,calf bringing $9.





With 130 cars of cattle on our market

here today, with quality taken into con-

sideration, all cattle weighing above 1200

lbs., sold fully 150 a hundred below .last

week; cattle from 1200 down, all grades

of butcher cattle, sold strong 15@25c per

hundred weight higher than last week;

an actiVe market on all butcher grades

and everything sold at the close. Heavy

cahttle dull and draggy from start to fin-

1S .



We quote: Best 1350 to 1450-lb. steers,

$8.50@8.90; best 1200 to 11300-lb. steers,

8.25@8.50; best 1100 to 1200-lb. steers,

$8.25@8.50; coarse and plain heavy steers

$7.75@8; choice handy steers, $7.80@8;

fair to good 1000 to 1100-lb. steers, $7.50

@775; grassy 800 to 1000-lb. steers, $6.75

((427.15; best cows, $6.50@7; butcher cows,

35.500126; cutters, $4.25@4.50; trimmers,

$3.50@3.75; best heifers, $7.75@8.25; me-

dium butcher heifers, $6.50@7»; - stock

heifers, $5.40@5.75; best feeding steers,

$7@7.25; fair to good do.‘ $6.25’@6.50;

common light stockers, $5.25@5;50; best

butcher bulls, $6@7; best bologna bulls,

$5.25@5.75; stock bulls, $5@5.50; best

milkers and springers, $70©80; common

to good do., $40@50.



Our receipts of hogs today were mod-

erate, about 60 double decks, and trade

but very little changed from the close of

last- week. There was a wide spread in

prices; choice heavies selling from $8.70

@890; mixed, $8.90@9.10; yorkers as to

weight, from T$9.10@9.25; pigs generally

sold at $9.25; roughs, $7.50@7.75; stags,

$6.75@7.25. Trade closed about steady,

and very few going over unsold.



The sheep and lamb market was fairly

active today, with prices about 200 lower

than the close of last week; most of the

choice lambs selling from $7@7.15; few

fancy at $7.25; yearlings', $5.50@6. Look

for little better prices the balance of the

week.



\Ve quote: Choice lambs, $7@7.15; cull

to fair do., $5@6.75; yearlings, $5.50@6;

bucks, $3603.25; wethers, $5@5.25; handy

ewes, $4.50@4.75; heavy do., $3.90@4;cull

sheep, $2.50@3.50; veals, choice to extra,

$11.50@12; fair to g00d,}9.50@11; heavy

calves, $5.50@7.





 





Chicago.

August 18, 1913.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today ...... 19,000 29,000 28,000

Receipts a year ago..19,516‘ 31,231 30,319

Receipts lart week...47,487 156,321 119,152

Receipts a year ago..50,697 92,679 117,529



There was a moderate run of 19,000 ar-

rived for the Monday market, including

3,000 western rangers. Native beef steers

of good to choice grade had active call,

prices holding steady to firm and for

choice yearlings occasional trades were

10c higher. Common and medium natives

and most fat light and middle weight

steers were steady. Top of $9 was made

for prime heavy and fancy yearling heif-

ers sold at $8.95, a price within 5c of the

year's high point for heifers. Most na-

tive steers sold at $7.90@8.75. Rangers

went up to $7.30, bulk at $6.85@7.15 and

geod range cows made $6.60. Native

butcher stock sold steady to 10c higher

than the close last week, mainly at $5.15

@625 for cows and bulk of fat heifers at

36.3501725. Bulls were steady at $5.65@

6.50 for! bulk, choice up to $7.25. Calves

also sold at unchanged rates, tops $10.75,

bulk $10fri10.50. Feeder cattle had strong

demand from Indiana, Michigan and Ohio

buyers. A run of 29,000 hogs fell below

expected volume and as a result higher

prices were made, the bulk of the sales

showing 56110c advance over Saturday

but it was an uneven trade and in many

cases light weights were no higher.

lleavy packers and good mixed grades

had most appreciation. Lights topped $9

and though few Went above $8.75 and

good heavy shipping made $8.40@8.55.

Most mixed packing sold at $7.65fd‘7.90

and rough heavy hogs down to $7@7.25.



Sheep receipts of 28.000 sold freely,

mutton stock making steady rates while

lambs went 107115c higher. A smaller

in‘oportion of range lambs than marketed

in recent weeks arrived, and this meant

scant picking for feeder buyers who were

on hand in generous numbers. \Vestern

lambs topped at $7.75. natives at $7.60

while best feeding lambs sold at $6.80

and few went-below $6.60. Best ewes for

slaughter went at $4.25, choice ones at

$4 and wethers topped 'at $4.50. _



Sales of cattle during the past week

showed more frequent fluctuations in

prices than usual, with a Monday run of

only 14,771 head and an advance of 1070

15c in prices, while Vt’ednesday receipts

of 21,779 head caused breaks of anywhere

from 10 to 25c. butcher stock being un-

evenly lower and 'ruling 25®~lOC under

early Monday figures Later in the week

prices showed more stability because of

moderate offerings, but the week‘s aggre-

gate supply was much greater than the

exceptionally small receipts for the pre-

ceding week. The bulk of the beef steers

sold during the week at 87.85.718.80. with

MOnday sales of prime heavy cattle at

$9.20. Later in the week the choiceSt

beeves brought $8.75fi9, with sales of the

commoner class of grassy steers at $7638,

while a fair to medium class of steers

sold at $810@8.45, with good cattle going

at $8.50fi‘8.70. and common to prime year-

lings at 87.75639. Butchering lots of sows

and heifers went at an extreme range of

$4.85fl875, a fancy little 550—lb. heifer

Cutters brought 34.30%

4.80, canners $3.45@4.25 and bulls $4.90@

7.65. Western range cattle arrived in in-

creasing volume and had a good outlet,

considering that most of them were ship-

ped too early. cows, heifers and steers

going at 3525711755. Many of the com-

moner lots of range steers went for feed-

ers. The stacker and feeder market was

more animated. with prices averaging

much higher. because the offerings gen-

erally graded better. Stockers sold at

$5.50@7.70. feeders at $6.50@8 and stock

and feeder heifers at 35.500176 65. Calves

were active on the basis of $5@11.50. ac-

cording to weight and quality, and much





 





 





cows sold at $50@95 each. top being paid

for a fancy six-year-old Holstein cow.



Hogs experienced an extremely unsatis-

factory Week for sellers, with. receipts

running enormously ahead of a year ago

and far ahead of the previous week. East-

ern shippers bought much more liberally,

but the outward movement failed .to in-

crease anywhere near as much as the

receipts, and when the week closed hogs

were .going at a range of $7.20@7.90, com—

pared with $7.80@9.35 a week earlier,

while pigs brought $4.25@7.75' and throw- '

out packing sows $6.25@7.35. Booming'

prices for corn and burned-up pastures

are largely responsible for this unexpect-

ed mcrease in the receipts, and great

numbers of pigs are coming to market

from sections where sickness has broken

out. The future course of the market

wilkdepend on.whether these enormous

receipts are maintained. Prime light hogs

and medium butcher weights are still

market toppers, and thin sows are de-

clining most of the time, the extreme

spread in hog prices being much greater

than at any time before this season. The

extremely hot weather is unfavorable for

the consumption of hog products, both

fresh and cured.



Sheep and lambs were marketed in

vastly increased numbers last week, the

ldaho, Montana and other ranges sending

in the great bulk of the supplies. The

market stood firm for fat lambs and feed-

ers, with a strong demand for both, but

otherwise prices were off largely 25c, and

some ewes sold as much as 500 lower.

When the week closed lambs were salable

at $5@7.60, with feeder lambs wanted at

$6.50@6.90. Yearlings were salable- at

$5.25@5.75 for feeders, with the beSt mut-

ton lots at $6. Wethers sold at $4@.4.85,

ewes at $2.50@4.30 and bucks at $3@4.

There is all the tinfe a larger demand for

feeder sheep and wethers than can be

met, prices being nearly as high as those

paid for killers. Feeder wethers have

sold at $4.25@4.60.



Horses sold in a'. number of- instances

last week from $10@25 per head lower





than heretofore, trade being , extr

dull, and in some cases there re no

bids. A big horse that sold a» 0 made .





no money for the sellers, and a pair of ‘

good drafters that sold at $580 netted a

loss. The best heavy drafters were still

quotable at $300@350, and few sold up to

$300. The cheaper horses sold at $85@

125. The middling kinds were weakeSt.





__





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





The receipts of thin cattle in western

and southwestern markets that were so

excessively large a few Weeks age be-

cause of the drought were followed later

by much smaller supplies, and sellers were

able to obtain better prices for cattle at

all desirable in quality. Dry weather has

not caused the liquidation that was ex-

pected, and the trade sees a reason for

it. The cattle are not in the country. It

becomes more apparent every day that

farmers will have to go extensively into

cattle feeding next winter if anywhere

near a normal beef supply is to be pro-

duced. and if they fail to do so, choice

beeves will rise to abnormal prices. That

the recent cattle receipts in Kansas City,

were not larger was a good deal of a.

surprise to the trade. The market is the

nearest one to the dry weather belt, and

it was assumed that there would be a.

continued liberal marketing there of

parched pasture cattle. Yet, with one or

two exceptions, the receipts in that mar-

ket were not much larger than usual. All

the cattle- that have been received in

Kansas City have been disposed of read-

ily, and the larger share were sold for

feeding purposes to corn belt buyers.

That there is a real scarcity of cattle is

becoming more, apparent all the time, and

there is a wide-spread belief that cattle

will bring higher prices a few months lat-

er. .VVith a curtailment in the corn sup-

ply and prices booming to unusually high

levels, and a shortage of beef cattle, pre-

dictions of high prices later this year are

made freely.



Of late the best demand for feeder cat-

tle in the Chicago market has come from

states east of that city, with Ohio and

Indiana farmers asking for the better

class of fleshy 975 to 1.100-lb. feeders.



A leading live stock commission firm

located in Chicago. with branch houses in

other important markets, advises its coun-

try patrons against shipping western cat-

tle off soft grass, as they invariably

shrink badly in transit and present an

unfavorable appearance upon arrival.

Feeders of native cattle who have the

grass and corn are cautioned not to be

in a hurry about marketing their cattle,

as once the surplus incidental to the

drought has been worked off, conditions

will naturally improve. Owners should

let cattle harden before being shipped.



Reliable information regarding the mar—

keting of northwestern range cattle is to

the effect that there is going to be a

shortage compared with last year of from

25 to 40 per cent. and it is estimated that

there will be less fat cattle from Kansas

pastures on account of drought condi-

tions than last year.





MERINO SHEEP BREEDERS MEET.





 





 





The twenty-seventh annual meeting of

the State Improved Black Top Merino

Sheep Rreeders’ Association. at the home

of Fred Howe. in Eagle, had the largest

attendance of sheep breeders the associa—

tion has ever brought out, every section

of the state being represented. L.

Harsh, of Union City. for 23 years pres-

ident, was unanimously re-elected, and

0. M. Robertson. of Eaton Rapids. who

has served as secretary-treasurer for 15

years, was elected to succeed himself.





 





Grange Picnic.



The Fourth Annual'Plcnic of the local

Grange will be held three miles southeast

of Edwardsburg.‘ ich..- August 27. .

P. Hull, National range Lecturer. will

be the speaker. ‘ '. ‘





 





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...:w‘vte is». shawl» . - ; 7..





 





g‘.‘

V





« ~42-





-..... . 5-4.».4” may.“ y- .. ,
M Ego-«U- ’1 <".





an...” ~





«.4...





 





 





 





 





$11.50. 11 av 175 at ’811.25:.to Kull 12 av





Ape. 23.19132 ‘_ I





   





- THIS ls-THE FIRST 55mm.





 





In the first edition the, Detroit Live

Stock Market's‘are reports oflast week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday. the last edi-

tl0n Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday's

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have'any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition t9 an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.



August 14, 1913.

Cattle.

Market active at Wed-

No dry—





 





Receipts, 1110.

nesday's prices on all grades.

fed on sale,



We quote: Steers and heifers, 1000 to

1200, $7.50@8; do. 800 to 1000, $6.50@7.50;

grahs steers and heifers that are fat, 800

to 1000, $6.50@7.50; do. 500 to 700. $6@

6.50; choice fat cows, $6; good do., $5.25

@550; common do., $4.50@5; canners.

$3@4; choice heavy bulls, $6.25@6.50; fair

to good bolognas, bulls, $5.75@6.25; stock

bulls, $4.50@5; choice feeding steers, 800

to 1000, $6.50@7; fair .10., 800 to 1000.

$6.25@6.75; choice stockers, 500 to 700,

$6@6.50; fair do., 500 to 700, $5.75@6.25;

stock heifers. $5.25@5.75; milkers, large.

young. medium age, $65@75; common

milkers, $35@50



Bshop, B. & H. sold Kendall 22 stock-

ers av 564 at $6.25; to Parker, W. & CO.

1 bull weighing 830 at $5.50, 2 do av 905

at $6, 1 do weighing 1180 at $6, 2 do av

1190 at $6.25. 1 do weighing 730 at $5.30,

4 cows av 1005 at $5.35, 2 do av 1050 at

$5.50. 2 heifers av 750 at $6, 3 do av 666

at $6.35, 5 bulls av 950 at $5, 1 do weigh-

ing 820 at $6; to Breitenbeck 3 cows av

963 at $4.75, 9 butchers av 666 at $6.20;

to Sullivan P. Co. 4 cows av 1080 at $6.

5 do av 1000 at $5.50, 1 bull weighing 550

at $4.75, 1 steer weighing 880 at $7, 14

butchers av 662 at $6.25. 1 bull weighing

850 at $6, 1 do weighing 1800 at $6.50,

cows av 1015 at $5.25; to Kendall 3 stock-

ers av 647 at $6.10; to Mich. B. Co.

cow weighing 990 at $6; to Kamman B.

Co. 1 steer weighing 790 at $7; to Austin

2 oxen av 1515 at $6.15; to Johnson 2

feeders av 910 at $7; to Kull 3 steers av

587 at $6, 2 do av 825 at $7; to Schu—

maker 1 stocker weighing 570 at $5, 9

do av 509 at $5.75; to Bray 2 cows av

975 at $4.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 3

bulls av 1060 at $6.25. 2 cows av 850 at

$4.50. 6 butchers av 440 at $4.90; to Park—

er. \V. & Co. 8 do av 827 at $6.90. 4 bulls

av 992 at $6, 3 cows av 1010 at $5, 10

butchers av 691 at $6.40. ,



Spicer & R_ sold Mason 13. Co. 1 cow

weighing 1050 at $5.25, 1 do weighing 980

at $5.50..11 butchers av 634 at $6.25. 18

do av 523 at $5.25; to Kamman B. Co. 6

Steers av 820 at $6.70; to S-chumaker 2

heifers av 300 at $5. 4 stockers av 500 at

$5.50; to Lampkin 12 stockers av 460.at

$5.50; to Bresnahan 4 d0 av 455 at $5.50;

to Kull 10 butchers av 860 at $7.25, 8 do

av 650 at $6.50; to Heinrich 23 do av

864 at $7.30; to \Vyness 7 cows av 880 at

$5.75; to Bresnahan 6 heifers av 533 at

$5.50, 2 steers av 825 at $7, 4 do av 592

at $5.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 3 can-

ners av 800 at $4.



Haley & M. sold Newton B. CO. 1 cow

weighing 1020 at $4.25, 9 steers av 930

at $7.50. 2 butchers av 875 at $5.85, 7 do

av 840 at $5.75, 3 cows av 910 at $5.40.

7 heifers av 781 at $6.65, 2 cows av 980

at $5.85, 2 bulls av 985 at $5.50. 4 do av

830 at $5. 5 butchers .av 962 at $6.75, 1

cow weighing 9'60 at $4; to Snow 21

stockers av 513 at $6.15, 3 do av 517

at $6.25, 11 do av 480 at $5.85, 7 do av

595 at $6;' to Sullivan P. Co. 6 cows av

960 at $5.50. 2 do av 1075 at $5.25, 1 do

weighing 900 at $4.50, 4 do av 962 at

$5.40; to Schumaker 5 st0ckers av 488

at $5.75, 2 do av 675 at $6.30, 9 do av

452 at $5.50; to Johnson 10 feeders av

812 at $7.25; to Mason B. Co. 9 butchers

av 728 at $6.75, 8 do av 655 at $6.85; to

Breitenbeck 6 bulls av 800 at $5.65; to

Mich. B. Co. 1 cow weighing 990 at $6,

6 steers av 645 at $6.75, 2 do av 565 at

$5.25; to Rattkowsky 4 butchers av 445

at $5.50, 4 do av 430 at $5.80; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 3 cows av 757 at $4; to

Marx 7 butchers av 736 at $6.85, 4 do av

970 at $5.65, 10 do av 732 at $6.90; to

Mich, B. CO. 7 do av 550 at $5.25; to

Hammond. S. & Co. 4 cows av 762 at $4.



Ree Com. Co. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

2 cows av 840 at $4. 1 canner weighing

770 at $4.14 butchers av 480 at $5 50. 1

bull weighing 410 at $5, 4 do av 630 at

$5.25; to MiCh, B. CO. 9 cows av 1020 at

$5; to Sullivan P. Co. 4 butchers av 777

at $6; to Heinrich 2 do av 765 at $6.75.

44 do av 990 at $8.10; to Goose 2 do av

775 at $4.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 2bulls

av 815 at $5.50; to Johnson 2 feeders av

835 at $7, 12 stockers av 610 at $6.50: to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows av 970 at $5.50,

1 do weighing 800 at $4, 1 bull weighing

1050 at $6; 10 Mich. B. Co. 15 butchers

av 697 at $6.50. 2 do av 895 at $6; to

Fromm 3 do av 517 at $5.75. ,





H





. Veal Calves.



Receipts. 560. Market strong at Wed-

nesday's prices: few choice 25c higher.

Best, $106811; others. $8@9.50_





Bishop. B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

4 av 155 at $7.50, 4 av 125 at $10. 5 av

150 at $11. 3 av 160 at $8; to Parker, W

& Co. 11 av 165 at $11. 1.1 av 150 at $11,

7 av 180 at $10.75; to Mich. B. Co. 2 av

205 at $11, 2 av 430 at $6. 3 av 130 at $11.

4 av 155 at $10: to Thompson Bros. 15

av 150 at $11; to Hammond. S. &'Co. 4

av 155 at $11. 3 av 105 at $11.25; to Mich.

B. Co. 1 Weighing 150’ at $11. ‘1 weighing

400 at $9; to Sullivan P. Co. 9. av .145 at

weighing- 200. at $9. 4 av 155 at

. 1 weighing 140 at $9. 6 av 150 at

$11.25. 3 av 170 at $11; to Parker. W. &

Co. 12 av 160 at $11.25: to McGuire 2 av

275 at $6, 2 av 125 at $9, 4 av 185 at





 





 

 





T H EM to H IGA’N FA R ME R





155 at $11.50;

Co. 10 av 167 at $11.

Spicer & R.



& Co.



Sullivan P, Co. 4 av 150 at $11.





ROe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 8 av

155 at $11, 1 weighing 150 at $9, 4 av 155

at $11.25; to Goose 8 av 150 at $11, 7 av





175 at $11; to Barlage 5 av 155 at $10.

Haley & M.





6 av 165 at $10.75,





B. Co. 3 av 125 at $10;





Co. 20 av 160 at $11, 7 av 185 at $11.

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts, 3185.





nesday; sheep steady.

fair to good lambs, $6.25@6.75;

common lambs, $5@6; yearlings.

fair to good sheep. $4@4.50;

common, $2.75@3.





BiShop, B. &. H. sold Hammond, S. &

134 do av 73

at $7, 2 sheep av 130 at $4; to Sullivan

14 lambs

16 do av 65 at $7; to

lambs av 67 at

$7.25. 78 do av 70 at $7.25, 47 do av 75

7 sheep

av 125 at $4; to Nagle P. Co. 6 do av 120

at $4, 7 do av 105 at $3.50, 58 lambs av

78 at $7.25, 10 do av 67 at $7.10, 19 sheep

av 115 at $4.25, 38 lambs av 62 at $7; to

to Sullivan

P, Co. 11 do av 50 at $5.50, 27 do av 70

at $4; to

Thompson Bros. 19 do av 100 at $4.25, 10

do av 101 at $4. 18 do av 90 at $3, 34

lambs av 67 at $6.75; to Hammond, S. &

to Hayes 13

do av 65 at $4.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 46

do av 75 at $7. 7 do av 80 at $6.75; to

130 do av 75 at $7; to

Barlage 45 do av 70 at $6.50; to Eschrich

Nagle 1’. Co. 41

to Hammond, S.





Co. 7 lambs av 60 at $6.

P. Co.

av 60 at $5.50,

Parker, W. & 00.11





33 sheep aw 120 at $4.





at $7.35. 16 do av 57 at $5.50,





Hayes 11 do av 65 at $6.75;





at $7, 1 sheep weighing 170





Co. 82 do av 63 at $6.85;





Sullivan P, CO.





19 do av 50 at $6; to

sheep av 120 at $3.75;

& Co. 64 lambs av 75 at $7.

Haley & M. sold

lambs av 70 at $7.25,

at $5,

1}. Co. 32 sheep av 125 at $4,

130 at $3.50, 116





Parker, W. & Co. 10 sheep

$3.75. 15 lambs av 80 at $7.25;





Hammond. S. & Co.





Thompson Bros. 10 do av 49

do av 80 at $7;





51 do av 70 at $7, 15





55 at $6.50.

Spicer & R.





$3.75,





60 yearlings av 70 at $5.50.

Roe Com. Co.





$3.50,

105 at $4, 9 do av 140 at $4. 83





at $4.25.

Receipts, 2114.



on \Vednesday.

Range of prices:





heavy, $8.50@8.75; stags one-third off.





Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &





Co. 1017 av 190 at $8.80.





Roe Com. Co, sold Sullivan P. Co. 175





av 190 at $8.80.

Hale





y

av 185 at $ .80





SSéiaicer & R. 'sold same 250 av 190 at





 





Friday’s Market.

August 15, 1913.

Cattle.

Receipts this weck. 1279;

1782; market steady.

\Ve quote: Best dry-fed steers,





@150; do. 500 t





cows, $6; good (10.. $5.25fi)5.50; common

d0., $450605; canners, $35M; choice heavy

bulls, $6.2561)6.50; fair to good bolognas.

bulls, $5.75@6.25: stock bulls. $450015;





choice feeding steers, 800 to 1000, $65000





7.25; fair do., 800 to 1000. $6.25mti75;





choice stockers 500 to 700. $6fi650: fair





(1.0.. 500 to 700, $5.75@6.25; stock heifers,





$5.25fi;5.75; milkers. large, young. medium





age. $65@80; common milkcrs. $400850.

Veal Calves.

Receipts this week. 661; last week. 787;





m'irkct steady. Best, 5510756111125; oth-

ers, $8@10.

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts this week. 3978; last week,





3726; market steady. Best lambs, $7: fair

to good lambs. $6.25@6.75; light to com-





mon lambs, $5@6: yearlings, $56116; fair

to good sheep, $4654.50; culls and com-

mon, $275533.





Hogs. ,



Receipts this Week, 2860; last week,

2293; market 10c higher.



Range of prices: Light to good butch;

ers. $8.90; pigs, $8.90; light yorkers, $8.90;

heavy, $8.50@8.75; stags one-third off.



Late advices received from southwes-

ern drought-stricken regions say stock

feeders have been paying higher prices

than the terminal markets for corn, and

in southwestern markets September corn

has sold at higher prices than in the Chi-

cago market. Few farmers in that coun-

try’are disposed to part with their old

corn until. they are satisfied, with the

crop outlook.





to Burnstine7 5 av 160 at

$11.50, 4 av 140 at $11.25, 5 av200 at

£7.25, 9 av 140 at $9.50; to Hammond, S.





sold Burnstine 3 av 215

at $8, ‘8 av 155 at- $11.25'; to Parker. W.

4 av 155 at $10.50, 2 av 260 at

$7.25, 4 av 190 at $8, 15 av 160 at $11; to





sold Parker, W. & Co. 4

av 155 at $11, 6 av 225 at $10.50, 8 av 150

at $11. 2 av 170 at $10. 2 av 130 at $11.

15 av 230 at $8.50. 5

av 150 at $10.50, 5 av 165 at $11; to -Mich.

' to Sullivan P.

CO. 3 av 170 at $11; to Hammond. S. &





Lambs 500 higher than

last week, but 25c IOWer than on Wed—

Best lambs, $7;

light to

$5@6;

culls and





Sullivan 1’. C0. 17



7 yearlings av 77

32 sheep av 120 at $4.25; to Mich.

13 d0 av

lambs av 73 at $7. 32

do av 75 at $7, 50 sheep av 105 at $4; to

av 104 at



to New-

ton B. Co. 116 lambs av 75 at $7.20; to

28 do av 75 at $7;

to Sullivan P. CO. 34 do av 67 at $7; to

at $6, 24

to Hammond. S. & Co.

sheep av 78 at

$4.50; to Parker, \V. & Co. 91 lambs av

70 at $7.15; to Newton 13. Co, 33 do av





sold Sullivan P. Co. 19

lambs av 60 at $6.50, 23 sheep av 90 at

21 lambs av 55 at $6; to Parker,

\V. & C0. 49 do av 67 at $7.10; to Hayes





sold Newton B. Co. 25

lambs av 55 at $6.50, 42 sheep av 70 at

$3.75; to Hayes 22 lambs av 60 at $6.75;

to Mich, B. Co. 14 lambs av 65 at $6.50,

7 sheep av 120 at $4, 5 lambs av 70 at

13 do av 57 at $6.50. 71 sheep av

lambs

:iv 75 at $7; to Barlage 19 sheep av 95





H _.

Market 20c lower than





Light to good butch—

ers, $8.80; pigs. $8.80; mixed, $8.75@8.‘80;





& Ig/I. sold Parker, W. & Co. 45





last week,





$8.25;

steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200. $750058;

do. 800 to 1000. $Mi7.50; grass steers

and heifers thz t ‘ 9 fat, 800 to 1000, $6.50



) 700. $606.50; choice fat





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





VSt. Joseph Co., Aug. 12.——Early pota-

toes, owing to the drouth, are a light crop

but late potatoes bid ,fair to be a full





crop.





Some varieties of winter apples





are a full crop but as a whole, owing to





the May freeze, the crop will be





light.





Peaches and pears, except in favored lo—





failure.





cations, are a total

small





summer was hard on trees





The. early

and





many that leaved out and made an early





growth withered and dried up.

mint, which





Pepper-

is raised quite extensively





on the muck near here, is only about a





half crop,





it making but a very small





growth, the leaves are exceptionally well

filled with oil, running as high as 36 lbs.





to the still.

$3.05 per pound.





The price paid here now is

The S. M. Carrp Can-





ning Factory had 56 acres of string beans

contracted for and they are runinng to





their fullest capacity.





They have about





the same tomato acreage, with fine pros—

pects for an immense crop; the price paid





for tomatOes is $9.00 per ton.





The Free-





stone Pickle Co. have a large acreage

into cucumbers, with every indication





for the largeSt yield in years.





At 75c per





bushel they have proved a money-mak-

1ng crop. Corn is filling out in good

shape and bids fair to be the largest





corn crop in years.

being erected this year.





Many new silos are

Good prospects





for a second cutting of clover, first cut-





ting very light.





Genecee Co., A ug.





15.—August has





brought plenty of rain which, while it has

injured oats standing in the fields, has

helped growth in other crops Much dam-

age in this vicinity from electric storms.





Pastures are green as in .lune.

fair to be a big yield.

dry weather. Sugar beets look

SOme hay moving. also now wheat.





Corn bids

Beans now need

well.

Har-





Vest yields of wheat and oats generally





satisfactory.

Delta Co., Aug.

all done and winter grain is





3.—Haying is





about

harvested.





()ats and Spring wheat will be ready to





harvest in about ten days.





as thick as they can stand.

be a bumper crop.





20((1‘23c;

a dozen:

bunches; apples,



Livingston Co.,





butter, 2707‘30c;





50c a peck.





Late potatoes

stock, notwithstanding the fact

much larger

clover seed than usual.

has come on much better





very satisfactory stand.





frequent showers. Considerable





has been done for wheat.





for the straw.





Ottawa Co., Aug. 18.—The severe drouth

this section by



It will be a

great benefit to corn and late potatoes. as

these crdps were beginning to suffer for

in some parts of

a few farmers began to fill

their silos before the middle of the month

Pastures are

require

many heavy showers before there Will be

much fall feed; in fact. many farmers are

obliged to feed stock now. on account of

New seeding is

nearly all killed, especially clover. “'here

clover was cut early there will be a bet-

ter crOp of seed than last year, because

the second crop is not half as heavy. and

the heads seem to be all Well filled on





broken in

yesterday.





was partially

a good shower





the want of moisture.

the county.





in order to save the fodder.

so badly dried up that it will





pastures being so poor.





account of favorable weather conditions





Oats are not yielding very well. and they

are light in weight. as the average is not



There

in this





over 28 lbs. per measured bushel.



will not be much hay for sale'



section this season.

Pennsylvania.





Erie Co., Aug. 15.—.\ severe drouth has

but very little

rain. not enough to sustain growing crops.

Considerable damage will be the result if

Potatoes

promise to be a failure; corn fairly good;

nearly all har-

threc-fourth crop.

failure.

range the





visited this section, with





not sufficient rain fall soon.





oats generally light and

vested. Hay about a

Buckwheat promiFes to be a

Prices .of horses and cattle

some as in previous months; hogs, 81/2?!

9c. live weight.



Indiana.





Davies Co., Aug. 12.—Drouth continues.

half a

crop; paStures killed; oats. hay and truck

800 and

bowl tn get; mixed hay, $15; alfalfa. $20;

eggs. 201'.

Shipping stuff, hogs ,9c: cattle, 8c: stock-





(‘orn d’ying up fast; less than





:1 failure. Vt’hczit, 804:; com.





butler. 300: chickens. 13c;

crs, 6658c and coming down rapidly.

Wisconsin.



Pierce Co., Aug. 12.~—Both orchard and

cane fruit are in grcat abundance. trees

and vines being over loaded. There is :l

very heavy crop of potato vine and the

early varieties turned out well. Grain

harvest is nearly over, about 75 per cent

of a crop. Corn, if not overtaken with

frost. will be about 80 per cent normal.

Several farmers are pasturing extra cat-

tle. turning the unusual gross crop into

a profit. Beets and other root crops are

doing well, asthe almost constant rain

keeps the ground moist while the high

temperature produces nearly tropical con~

ditions. »_





The spring lamb crop of 1913 is moving

to slaughtering points. with heavy and

small supplies alternately, depending up-

on whether the market is up or down.

An active demand exists for grazing

lambs. and thus far no considerable

numbers have been offered on the mar-

ket. There is a normal crop of Spring





“'e have had

:1 lot of rain hcre so everything that was

not drowned out is going to be a big crop.

Some fields of oats are four feet tall and

Potatoes will

New hay is selling at

$12 a ton: potatoes. $1.25 :1 buShel; eggs.

cucumbers, 23c

beets and carrots. {we a dozen





Aug. 18.~—The rains of

the past few weeks have made the pros-

pects for corn and beans very promising.

will also be a good crop.

Pastures are furnishing plenty of feed for

that a

acreage has been left for

The new seeding

than Seemed

possible a few week‘s ago. but it was so

severely injured by the dry 'weather ear-

lie:' in the season that it cannot make a

Oats are all up

but not in very good shape owing to the

lowing

Threshing has

begun with wheat and oats yielding Well





.





15—159





 





lambs in Virginia, Kentucky and Tennes-h

see, the percentage of lambs being larg-

e‘r, although fewer ewes were bred. The

crop of native spring lambs of the mid-

dle west is variously estimated as from

40 to 60 per cent smaller than that of

last year. Of course, everybody knows

that lambs have supplanted sheep in pop-

ular estimation and that lambs of equal

quality far outfiell sheep every time,





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





there being but a limited demand in this

country for English mutton chops or

heavy cuts of mutton. It is also well .





understood that heavy lambs must be

sold much cheaper than fat light weights.





 





DISTRICT AND LOCAL FAIRS THAT

SHOULD BE WELL ATTENDED.





 





 





he Thumb District Fair held at Port

Huron, has become a fixture and at Its

fourth appearance promises to surpass the

splendid results of former years. Liberal

premiums are offered and the exhibits

compare well with those of other large

cxpositionb‘. The 1913 dates are Septem-

ber 9 to 13,. being the week betWecn the

Grand Rapids and Detroit Fairs. High-

class free attractions have been secured .

and the attendance this year should reach ’

the high water mark.



The Cheboygan County Fair will be

reld at \Volverinc, Cheboygan county.

Sept. 17—18419. If you are looking for an

exhibit of fruit. grains and vegetables

ycu will find no better place to go than

here. For amusement we will have

games and sports that will be enjoyed by

both young and old during the whole fair.

ViSit us and be satisfied.



Persons visiting the Northern Michigan

resorts this season should plan their trip

so as to be at Petoskcy. Sept, 16-19, when

the famous Emmet County Fair is in ses-

sion. It is the big fair of the north, giv-

ing an exhibition of fruit and other farm

products surpassed by none. An excel-

lent speed program and high-class free

attractions will also be given. E. A.

Botsford, Sec.





Attachment with Corn Harvester

cuts and th rows in piles on harvester

or winrows. Man and! horse cuts and





shocks equal with a C‘nrn Binder.

Sold In every state. Price $20.00. W. H. BUXTON. of

Johnstown. Ohio. writes: "The Harvester has proven

all you claim for it: the Harvester saved me over $23 in

labor last year's corn cutting. I cut over 500 shocks:

will make4 bushels corn to a shock." Testimonials and

catalog free. showing pictures of harvester. Address

NEW PROCESS MFG. 00.. SALINA. KANSAS





lOct Barn for Sale—9:385???"

N. F. BICHESON. Gladwin. Michigan.





We Want HAY &. STRAW





. We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal edvanceme is and prompt remittances.





D

Daniel McCaflrey 3 Sons Co.

PITTSBURG. PA.



Reference. Washington Trust Compnny. or on, bank in City

Ship your curload lots to us.

THE E. L. RICHMOND 00..



, Detroit. - Michlm.

aying 5c above the





—W .

FARMERS 011301.2le etroit Market for ,





Few‘dgid east? shipffd gilrect to us by express. Write us

or n arms on. w pay you. American Butter

& Cheese -Co.. 31-33 Griswoid St" Detroit. Mich.





Farms and Farm Lands For Sale

2401an FARM Hill silt—it“. “Won- 3. .. 1-





rti . l

ARTHUR FOLKS. Stockbrl 39. “91135333“





FOR TIIE BEST FARMS. {132: 185333512 “if.





- Michigan. write E. N. PASSAGE. Plymouth.Mich.





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS





Near Saginaw and Bay City. in Gladwln and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Easy terms; Clear title. Write

for maps and particulars. STAFFELD BROTHERS.

15 Merrill Building. Saginaw. (W. 8.), Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





' and unim raved lands in Delaw

Full". Far!“ diverslfl farming. live stochadlgz

licious fruits and ideal homes. For information

address. State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware.



Fertile lcandbe grown on the same



. o a an a year in Virginia. The

Vlrglnla climate is so mild and the rain-

F lfrnltl so ninindant,h Big mar.



cs noar iy wit 'excellcnt

arms transportation facilities.

rite today for our big





69—pagc catalog. giving full descriptions. prices

and terms of large and small farms.





The Realty Company of Virginia

Dept. B, Blackstone. Vn.





 





 





Two and even three crops





 





 





 





 





For Sale or Exchange!





Hotel, stable. garage and ice-house with about 20

acres of grass and fgarden land extending from ’

largo to small lako House practically new con.

taming 32 rooms with bath rooms. hot and cold

water and gas light in principal rooms. the whole

newly furnished throughout. last season. Has a

hrghgrade summer patronage and has done a paying

winterbusmcss. Only 20 miles from Portland (on

main auto road to White ta.) connected by steam-

er nnd stage. Also telephone connection.



Value 814.000. Would exchange for farm of equal

value. good land and location being more des d

than quality of buildings. A good opportunity or

33353331 yfoung con to dwfhrlil would refer hotel



a o arming. en u rti

you have to offer. pa cu are of what.





THE ELM TREE INN, Raymond, Maine.





Overlooking Lake » ,





340 Acres, $5400





One of the best big farms in New York State' '

location. delightful surroundings; fields partiduiltil;

level. rich loam. spring and brook-watered pasture

for50cows and valuable wood lots. 100 fruit. thee.

excellent. condition; 2-story lO-room house. 70 ft:

barn. many otherout-buildinm, maplenhnde: owuer‘a

business calls him away. if taken now only 854(1). art

cash. Please call or write for travelling direct one

to inspect this recently lioted farm bargain. Have

you our Bu: Illustrated Catalogue 36. or 500 farm

bargains? It not. please write for ,It today. E. A.

S’IROUT FARM AGENCY. Station 101. Union





 





   





 





   





Bank Building, Pittsburg'.Ponna.
160— 16





El

. E

g





Farm Co





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mmcrce.





3





Securing a Co-o‘perative Manager.





 





work automatically. The power

that is bound together in them is

useless and can be put to no good unleSS

it be guided and controlled. Without

some plan for directing that ,power ,into

economical channels it would'serve men

no better than flashes of lightning around

about them. So far from being automatic

in their working, co-operative, organiza-

tions require to be even more carefully

managed than private concerns. This is

because the stockholders of these con-

cerns take an active part in the busi-

ness, whereas in the private concerns

that conduct similar lines of work the

majority, if not all, of the stockholders

are interested only in the dividends that

their investments make.



It becomes necessary. therefore, to

centralize the authority vested in the or-

ganization; and the usual method of do-

ing this is for the members to choose a

board of directors in whose hands the

affairs of the concern are intrusted. The

directors in turn usually select a man-

ager who is expected to do the actual

business under the direction of the board.



The commisSion plan of running co-

operative concerns has been tried. This

scheme consists in taking the matters of

business before a board of commission-

ers for disposal, while the actual conduct

of the buSiness is in the hands of a.

clerk. But the plan is so cumbersome

that it does not yield readily to legiti-

mate business activity. In other words,

it has proven a failure because of its

inelasticity, and also because the actual

work is done by an irresponsible person.





Going back to the other method of gov-

ernment, it may be stated that two

sources are open from which a manager

may be secured by a board of directors.

One source is from among strangers and

the other is out of a list of friends.



One who has become acquainted with

the history of these organizations would

not readily commit himself in favor of

either source as the one from which a

successful manager may be secured.

Many instances are on record of where

men from both sources have succeeded.

Executive ability in organizing, knowl-

edge of the business to be undertaken

and a liberal quota of common sense are

the important elements in a good man-

ager, and they are as apt to he found

in the man from the place where the

organization is located as in applicants

coming from outside points.



An experienced board of directors will

not select a man merely to give him a.

job. There are always fellows around

who are more or less popular, who usu-

ally apply for such jobs as the managing

of co-operative associations and who will

almost invariably hire at a comparatively

low salary. To an inexperienced board

the two conditions named usually make

an' appeal, and t00 frequently the appeal

is so strong that such men are hired;

but the board of directors that has been

through the “ups” and “downs” of an

association are wise and they know that

such men are dear at any price.



Business ability and a congenial spirit

are by no means synonymous; a board

of directors would be fortunate, indeed,

if they could secure a manager with both

these qualities, but if either is to be

sacrificed let the latter _go and make sure

that business ability is present in the

man elected. A rather good rule, and

one that is more or less closely followed

by shrewd business men, is to go out and

find a man, either in the home commu-

nity or elsewhere. who is at the time

successfully conducting the very kind of

business that the co-operative society

will expect him to do. Such a person is

most certain to have business and ex-

ecutive ability, together with the other

qualities that will make him a safe- per-

son to hire. ‘



Almost every instance of securing a.

manager is a problem unto itself be-

cause of the varying factors that en-

ter, and for this reason but few, if any,

rules can be laid down that will lead the

board of directors to certain results. The

most that can be said to aid these men

in their task is to impress the absolute

Importance of it in molding the future

ofthe organizatiOn. So necessary is it

to have the right man that the directors





CO-OPERATIVE societies do not





 





should make the matter a personal obli-

gation as well as a collective one, and

use all, available sources to learn of the

'candidate’s ability. It is well and proper

to listen to the advise of promoters of

these organizations as to the qualifica-

tions of prospective managers, as it is

also prudent to hear the words of can-

didates themselves as to their own fit-

ness, but it is neither wise nor significant

of sound business sagacity to stop the

inquiry here; a talk with competitors

and former employers will usually bring

out weakneSSes in the personality, of the

candidate that may unconsciously, or

purDOSely, be left out of the qualifica-

tions as submitted by himself or some-

one who is anxious to get the man a

position. With a person's strong and

weak points before them for considera-

tion it is easier for the members of the

board to form a true judgment of his

worth than it is with information that\

tends to be biased on one side only.

Realizing that a large number of read?

ers who are not now connected with any





is‘a query ev’ery'man ‘is unconsciously

asking himself and earnestly putting to

his neighbor; and in the thoughts that

result from this [searching and pondering

many suggestive plans are brought out

for trial to see if they answer in whole,

or in part, the general marketing prop—

osition. ' '



Now to add to the number of helps

that are being brought to the front to

assist in selling Michigan apples, the

Western Michigan Development Bureau is

preparing to inspect apples this fall, that

its label, ”Sunnyr-ipe,” may be placed

upon such stock as will meet the Bu-

reau’s approval. Since every effort is

being made to make “Sunnyripe” brand

popular by meeting every condition de-

manded by the most critical markets, it

is almost a certainty that the fruit bear—

ing the Bureau’s guarantee will bring a

better price in the market. If the sys-

tem of inspection can be made effective

and done- economically this plan of the

Bureau will in a small way help to solve

the marketing problem as it will lead to

an increased confidence in the'goods con-

taining the label. Those wishing to take





advantage of the inspection service

should address the Bureau at Traverse

City.





 





SACRIFICES TO HELP FRUIT GROW-

ERs IMPROVE THEIR WORK. .





 





Rev. A. Bentall resigned from the pas-

torate of the First Congregational Church

of Northport last De-



cember that he might





 





 





 





 





Rev. A. Bentall, of Leelanau County, Bec





ful Leader of a Fruit Growers’





(to-operative enterprise, are watching

these columns closely, we wish to devi-

ate from the line of thought running

through the preceding paragraphs, to

state that, had those who have ventured





in the past to join the community or-

ganizations for mutual good, given them

the careful study that they deserve.





there no doubt would be fewer failures

recorded and the system of co-operation

would have been much farther advanced

in this country than it These fail-

ures are almost entirely the result of

poor management and not the fault of

the system. And since the management

is more or less directly a reflection of the

intelligence of the membership, the bet-

ter informed the members are, the great-

er are the chances for success. For this

reason, too, the possibilities of co-oper-

ation in America are limitless because of

our educational system, and if farmers

and others will give that close attention

to this plan of community effort that

they are now giving to production, the

day of its advantages will be hastened.





is.





TO HELP SELL MICHIGAN APPLES.





 





When a question becomes so important

that the people of every community have

it constantly before them, sooner or later

its answer will be forthcoming. The con-

dition of the marketing question at the

present time seems to be in this unset;

tled state. How to improve the means

of distributing the products of the farm





 





Association.





give his time to the

task of increasing the

prosperity of the Lee-

lanau county fruit grow-

er. He did this despite

the fact that the salary

of the secretaryship of

the fruit growers‘ 11950-

ciation, which position

he now holds. less

than what he was get—

ting as a pastor.



Rev. Bentall s a w

clearly that the fruit

growers needed a leader

in their attempts to

make a success of co-

operative buying and

selling. This year in-

stead of preaching he

is showing the fruit

men the latest and

most approved methods

of pruning. spraying,

cultivating, thinning and

harvesting. If neces-

sary he goes into the

orchards and demon-

strates the various

principles. He also

gathers up the orders

of the different mem-

bers of the association

for spraying supplies,

fruit packages and buys

in quantity, getting a

.‘Iower rate for those

who otherwise could not

get them.



Last year he helped

market the cherry and apple crops and

by selling in carload lots at new markets

secured better prices than the fruit men

would otherwise have obtained. His rep-

utation for honesty is such that the grow-

ers are not afraid to trust him to divide

the returns among those who furnished

the fruit. He is sure that his locality is

to be a big and proSperous fruit section

and is trying to hasten the day by giving

the community the use of his ability at

a less figure than they were willing to

pay him for ministering to their spiritual

needs.





is





omes a Success-





 





STUDY THE EFFICIENCY OF THE

PICKERS.





 





The first think that means money to

the fruit farmer during the harvest sea-

son is the hiring of good pickers, and

observations in the orchard will show

that some men are more efi‘lcient than

others, although they seem to‘exercise no

greater energy. Some pickers are care-

leSs and think nothing of breaking off

the fruit spurs or small branches and

throwing them in the basket or on the

ground. Others are naturally slow and

take too much time in selecting speci-

mens that have reached the proper ma-

turity. Some men have the capacity of

speeding up and doing fine, rapid work

when the boss is watching but lag be-

hind all the rest of the day. and the slow

but steady man may have a better daily

average. The only way to solve the

problem is to study the men and elinf-





 





IAUG. 23,1913.





inate those holding a. disregard for the

best interests of their employer.



The profit on one bushel of peaches is

small and it makes considerable differ-

ence whether it costs five, eight, 10 or 15

cents to pick thatbushel of fruit. The

amount of fruit that a man can pick in‘

a day depends entirely on the size of the

trees and the crop, but the farmer with

a large number of pickers can make

some interesting observations, when the

men are working on trees that are nearly

similar in size, variety and quantity of

fruit. -



A surprising variation in the efficiency

of the men was noted on the farm of a

prominent peach grower. The orchard

contained a fair average crop of Elbertas

on 12-year-old trees. The obServations

were made by the orchard boss who

worked around among the men and en-

deavored to keep a close watch over the

work of each individual.



Bill emptied his half-bushel picking

basket on an average of once in 10 min-

utes, and by keeping this up” during a.

10- hour working day. he averaged three

bushels of fruit per hour making a sum

total of 30 bushels for the day’s work.

He 1eceived $1.10 per day, so it cost the

groWer five cents per bushel to hire Bill

to pick peaches.



John was a reliable man, but only

came down the ladder once in 15 min-

utes. He was only picking two bushels

per hour and on the average his work

totaled 20 bushels per day. He was also

earning $1.50 per day and it cost the

grOWer seven and a half cents per bushel

to harvest the peaches that John picked.



The grower had a crop of 8,000 bushels

of peaches that year, and if John 0r oth-

er pickers of his caliber had harvested

all the fruit, it would have cost an in-

( 'caSe of two and a half cents per bushel

or $200 more for the entire crop, than as





it Hill, with pickers of equal ability had

finished the harvest at five cents per

bushel.





The two men worked side by side dur-

ing the entire season and his doubtful

if either of them realized that one was

doing more work than the other. If Bill

had received an increase in his wages,

John would have left the farm, for he

had never had his labor judged by a.

standard of efficiency and would have re-

sented any imputation that he was not

equal to the other men.



Picking peaches cannot be handled like

piece-wmk in a factory. It leads to care—

lessness in the effort to win a bigger pay

check, and peaches cannot be handled

like potatoes, The problem is one to be

studied on each individual farm and the

farmer who understands the capacity of

his men has learned a big factor in suc-

cessful farm management. Throughout

the picking season Bill was daily doing

one-half again as much as John for the

same remuneration. The knowledge was

valuable, for if a man had to be taken

from the orchard and sent out with the

team, John was the man to send. John

was as good a teamster as Bill, but Bill

could make more money for the grower

at picking peaches.



Studying human efficiency was making

that grower a success. He never placed

two men on a one man job or one man

on a two man job, and he knew which

man was the most efficient in each line





of work. The peach pickers were not

chosen at random and after they had

been «'11 the job, it was a question of do-





ing efficient work or quickly learning hOW

to do it. Their skill was noted by the

orchard boss and the drone with little

interest in the work did not remain to

influence the efficient harvesters.



Ingham Co. B. G. KIRBY.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





 





Idaho sheepmen expect to make their





largest shipments of lambs to market

during September, so that prices may be

expected to be at their lowest next

month.





Most of the western stocks of wool

have been sold, and «since the bulk of the

clip left growers’ hands there has been

an advance of two cents per pound.



Late reports come from Montana that

about half of the 1913 beef crop of that

growing state will be ShipDEd to the Pa-

cific CoaSt



Recent investigations lead to the con-

clusion that there is a serious shortage

of ewes of breeding age, due to close

marketings of lambs during the last few

years from all sections. There is at the

same time a decided deficiency of ma-

tured wethers all over the west and a





marked scarcity of yearlings in most

sections. The lamb crop is a, very good

one, although by no means a bumper





one, as the number of ewes bred was

away below normal There is a gradual,

but sure. falling off of the sheep industry

in nearly all the western range states,

due chiefly to the steady encroachment

oflthe farmer and enhancement of land

va ues.
a1111-mn111111111111111111e





AUG. 93!" 1913





111mmm1momooooomm1mmmmoomm1mmmomlmlom1mlm1loo





Veterinary.





filIIllllIlllllllIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllIlllllllllllIllIlllIllllllllllllllIllllllIlllllllllIllIlllm

flCONDUCTED BY W. C FAIR, V. S.





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribera- Each mmunicaxtion

should state history and s _11th of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments.

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired informs/tum in a. reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice. and a. fee of $1. 00 must

accompany the letter.





I





lllllfi





fillll llllllllllllllllll





flaked Uddel. —Cow came fresh a few

days ago, now udder is caked two Quar-

ters affected. \V. H., Reading,Micl1.——

Apply fluid extract of phytolacca to cak-

ed parts once a day and give her 2 drs.

of this.same medicine at a dese three

times a day. Her bowels should be kept

open



Puffed Hock. —I have a young colt with

puffed hock, but bunch is cool and causé

ing no lameness. I am told it is bog

spavin, but am not certain. E. W. W.,

Hand Station, Mich—Your colt suffers

from either a sprained ligament of hook

or has had a navel in'fection, leaving joint

enlarged. I am most inclined to believe

it an infected Joint. Apply one part ic~

dine and ten parts fresh lard to puff

twice a week and he will gradually get

well. This. treatment will usually cure

incipient bog spavin, if \kept up long

enough.



Warts on Colt’s Nose—“’e have a colt

whose nose is covered with small waxts

and I put on nitric acid, which did some

good. P. S, Gladwin Mich. -—Clip off

those with necks, apply lunar caustic

carefully. In many cases smearing nose

with sweet oil, castor oil. or one part

carbolic acid and ten parts vaseline will

remove them. Feeding too much stimu-

lating food will cause warts.



Foot Soreness.~My colt bruised frog of

foot 18 months ago; since then she has

been tender, at times showing lameness.

For the past two months she has been

quite lame. The frog of foot is not now

diseased. She went sound for five months.

A. 3., Grand Rapids, Mich.——She bruised

bottom of foot and if you will protect it

with leather sole she may go sound. Nev-

er attempt to treat lameness until you

have first located it.



Barren Heifers.——Have two». heifers that

fail to get with calf, both have been reg-

ularly served by sure calf-getting bulls.

A qualified Vet. tells me neck of womb is

open, vaginal canal normal. These have

no vaginal discharge. Have applied both

permanganate of potash and bicarbonate

of soda treatment, also thoroughly disin-

fected their stable Veterinarian tells me

they have no ovarian cysts. C. E. G.,

Union City, Mich—Your heifers suffer

from contagious abortion infection, and

no doubt the treatment you have given

them is: good, but I doubt if it will prove

effective. in these cases. Give each heifer

30 drops carbolic acid in a quart of water

Once a day.



Cold Abscess—My brood mare has a

bunch high up on neck a few inches back

from head, which is hard, and I have ap-

plied iodine without reducing it much.

C. H. S., North Blanch, Mich.a.\pply one

part red iodide mercuxy and eight parts

lard t0 bunch every three or four dayS.

\Vhen it softens. open and allow contents

to escape, using peroxide hydrogen to

clean out pus, then apply one part coal

tar disinfectant and 30 of water.



Cough—I have a seven-year-old mare

that seems to be healthy, but is troubled

with a hacking cough. A. L. W., Ithaca,

Mich—Give her a dessert5poonful glico-

heroin (Smith) at a dose in feed three

times a day.



Enlarged Thyroid Glands—Have a colt

that has two movezible bunches in throat.

but they do not seem to make him sick.

I forgot to say he is only four months

old. W. D. V., Suttons Bay, Mich—Give

colt 5 grS. potassium iodide at a dose

daily and if these bunches do not lessen

in size in two weeks give the medicine

twice daily.



Rheumatism.——I have a young cow that

diopped 11 1211f some three months ago,

which is stiff and sore and whenever she

is brought into stable she lays down at.

once. Her feet are sound and I fail to

find any swelling on any of her legs. J.

H. W., Caseviile, Mich—Give her a table-

spoonful powdered nitrate of potash at a

dose in feed three times a day; also ap-

ply spirits camphor to sore parts twice

a. day.



Navel Infection—Sore Neck—Several

colts have died in this locality from navel

disease and as I have several mares to

foal this fall, would like to know What to

do for them I also have another mare

with sore neck and a bald patch 011 body.

which we would like to hair over. C. C.

C. Lake Odessa, Mich. ~—With a piece of

corded silk or linen thread which has

been soaked in one part carbollc acid

and 20 parts water, tie cord one inch from

body. out off cord, paint end of cord with

tincture iodine or apply iodoform. Many

of the home-healing remedies are all right

to heal end of cord. Keep the mare and

colt in a clean stable and they are not

nearly so apt to become diseased.





Lump Jaw—Vile home a cow that has

a hard bunch on jaw and would like to

know what ails her. F. C. H. New Bal-

timore, Mich —Apply one part red iodide

mercury and four parts lard to bunch

once a week, also give her 2 drs. potas-

sium iodide at a dose. in feed or water

twice a day.



Rheumatism—Coltre. ——I have a good

mare that has rheumatism, she starts

lame. but soon Warms out of this scre-

mess I also have a colt which has two





If this column is.





T HE M I C H F-GAiN





loose bunches in throat- and I am afraid





they will do colt harm. A. C., Melvin,

Mich. ———Give her 2 drs. sodium salicylate

at a dose twice or three times a day and

apply tincture iodine to bunches three





_times a week and colt will soon be well.





Cow Gives Bloody Milk. —About two

weeks ago one of my Jersey COWS com-

menced to give bloody milk from right

fore quarter and I am certain she could

not have bruised udder in pasture lot. N.

L‘. D. Wheeler, Mich-Apply one part

tincture arnica and ten parts water to





affected quarter three t:mes a day.





 





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





 





Charles Critchfield, of Missouri., had

four carloads of Galloway two-year—old

beeves on the Chicago market on a re-

cent Monday, that tipped the scales at

1,197 lbs and biought :18. 90 per 100 lbs.

lie biought the cattle to market and was

highly plcised with the sale. Number

and weight considered, this is the highest





sale of two— year— old catt‘e made in the‘





Chicago maiket this year, and not for a

long peliod has a bunch of MGalloways

of that number sold so high. Critch-

field bought these cattle in che Kansas

City market and fed them a little over

half a year. He spoke of conditions in

his locality as favorable, the co1n crop

promising eSpecially well, and good rams

have made fine pasturage.



A short time ago a bunch of Mexican

cattle from a dry Kansas pasture were

sold in the Chicago market for $5.55 per

100 lbs., their average weight being 798

lbs. They were typical Mexicans and

were marketed entirely because the hot,

dry weather had destroyed the grass in

that portion of the southwest. Last spring

g1ass cattle were bought down there at

high prices, and grass rents there this

year are the highest prices ever recorded.

so that normal gains and good prices are

necessary in order to let grazers out

whole, to say nothing of reaping fair

living profits.



The hog trade has never been on a

:olider basis than at the present time,

the strength shown in prices from week

to week being due to the fact that the

1equirements for the fresh melt and p10-

vision tiadc exceed the supply of swine

in the 00111 belt states. l’iospects ap-

pear to be highly encou1aging for con-

tinued high price’s‘, and stockmen should

use every pains possible to make their

holdings prime before marketing.



The recent sensational collapse in

pIices for the too generous pe1centage of

soft, heavy gr.1ss— fed hogs in the Chi—

cago stock yalds came as somewhat of

a surprise to many stockmen, yet there

was nothing remarkable in it, for such

swine are wholly unwelcome, and pack-

ers simply will not buy them except at

extreme reductions in prices from those

paid for well fattened hogs. in short,

the widening out in hog prices is ex-

t1emeiy huge, and stockmen Should note

the fact and act accordingly in preparing

hogs for marketing. Prime light hogs

are still topping the market daily, with

choice medium butcher weights commg

next and throwout packing sows going

much the lOWest of all. Where it is pos-

sible, hogs should be made choice before

:hipping to market. It is t1ue that eVen

the best hogs have sold at sharp declines

in prices recently, but they are still sell-

ing at far better values than in. past

years and are expected to do so indet-

lnitely. ..



The largely increased receipts of thin,

grass-fed cattle from drouth-stricken sec-

tions of the country, including thousands

of not very desirable grassers from Kan-

sas and Oklahoma, have been a depress-

ing inlluence in recent weeks in western

markets. Chicago has felt their influ-

ence, although the receipts have been

hugely in Missouri river markets, where

these cattle always find their principal

outlet. As they have had to be disposed

of at large discounts from the prices paid

for fat corn-fed cattle, the inevitable re—

sult is a marked widening out in prices

between the best and the poorest cattle.

In selling thin grassy cattle everything

depends upOn whether they are adapted

for feeders or not, and if not, buyers find

it an easy matter to secure them at very

low values. The trade in feeder steers,

cows and heifers in the Chicago market

has fallen off materially lately, but hun-

dreds of farmers are waiting for a favor-

able opportunity for restocking their pas-

tures. They are mostly particular as to

the breeding of the cattle the-y purchase,

however, and are opposed to wasting time

and money 011 stock of low breeding.





Dr. A. D. Melvin, chief of the Bureau

of Animal Industry, was designated by

Secretary Houston, of the Department of

Agriculture, to carry on an inVcStigation

of three months of the meat packing in-

dustry in the principal cattle growing

countries of South America and to in-

vestigate the possibilities of getting meat

from Australia after the free cattle and

meat tariff bill becomes a law'.





 





A VALUABLE REFERENCE.





 





In connection with the veterinary ad-

vice given in the Michigan Farmer. every

reader can use to excellent advantage one

of the Michigan Farmer Anatomical

Charts. This chart illustrates the horse.

cow, sheep, hog and fowl, the perfect

animal, the bones. the muscles, the blood

system and the internal organs, also giv-

ing the name and location of each bone,

muscle, and vital organ. 'Dr. Fair, our

veterinarian, recommends the use of this

chart and believes it will help you great-

ly to make your questions better under-

Ftood and also enable you to better un-

derstand the answers.



This chart is only one of the features

of our six—page collection of charts which

also contain mans of Michigan, the Uni-

ted States and the world. and many other

valuable features. The entire collection





willbe sent pos-tpaid. for only 300. The

Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich—Adv.





 





 





F'AZRMER





BW' DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.

Aberdeen-AnB us.





Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas BackbiGrds and

Prides. ”011.3% is headed by Ecerton “.w the GRAND

OHAM bull at the State. West. Michigan and



City Pairs of 1‘2. and the sire of winners at these

Fa rs and at TH IN NTERNATIO NAL. Chicago, of

1912. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mlch.





ich in A. it. breeding.



Guernsey llllll- -ca&t to head any herd.

A Gee Dandy. G. A T. W,at.ervliet Mich.



GUERNSEYS—Reg. 'luberculin Tested. Winder-



more Farm. Watervliet. Mich.



J. K. BLATOHFORD, Auditoriun Tower. Chicago,lll.





HEREFORD BULLS Hill Sill. 65353333





ALLEN 13808.. Paw Paw. Michigan.





A FEW ClolCE golsteiln Fri‘gsianO Bull gala?





GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Mi. Ohlgan.





Buy A World Record Holstein Bull





NEXT TIME. We have 2 with 75% same blood of 3world

record cows. Great bargains at. t 250 each. LONG

BEACH FARMS. Augusta, (Kalamazoo 00..) Mich.





5!

“Top-Notch Holsteins.

Choice bull calves from 6 to 10 1110, old, of fashion.

able breeding and from dams with official milk

and butter records for sale at. reasonable prices.

MOPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mlohluln.





Purebred Registered





H OLSTE IN CATTLE



The Greatest Dairy Brood

Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklet

Holstein-Tricia. hum. Box I“. Buttleboro.Vto





Bigolow’s Holstein Farms





Breedsville, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high official

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





TWO HO‘LSTEIN COWS





With their Bull Calves for Sale.





Clothilde Houwtje Soldenc, four years old; not

bred. lier yearling bull is a s1 lendid individual sired

by Pontiac Hesseltje Korndyke of the Pontiac

Asylum herd.



lvis 11, three years old and bred to a son of

Pontiac Apollo. Her bull calf is two months old and

a fine individual: sired by a son of Pontiac Burke.



These animals are being sold to reduce the size of our

hard. Write for prices. Dr. L. BR! ‘1 lSACHER.



71 Washington Ave" Detroit. Mich.





DISPERSION SALE





Over 40 head Registered Holstein cows & heifers of

choicest breeding. Describe what. you want or come

and see them. 0. D. WOUDBURY. Lansing. Mich





U I I A

llolsloln Fneslan Dalila. MP3}: °‘w’0°“§§..'é“‘.li

quality not quantity. W. B. Jones, Oak Grove, Mich.

.d f

HDLSlElll BULLS EESCKAR °§f§1§¥l°°w§s§2d' o'iu‘li'ci‘é‘f

come and see. RNELL, Howell. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





Registered Holsteins‘5333331133‘ififs





right in the city. only a few minutes from Jackson

or Lansing, electric cars from both cities every hour.





FOR SALE—0n Cornwall Farm, Clare. Mich. Holstein



new milch cows. Also 400 yearling steers.



Also good Dairymau wanted. Enquire of ERNEST PIETZ.



~rensonable rices. choice reg-



FOI‘ .Sale istered HOL TEIN smns. ready

for serum. IIA'I‘CH HERD. Ypsilantl. Mich.





 





 





 





For Sale—4 Reg. Holstein cows bred to Sir Korndyke

Piotertje Hengervold. No. 55929. Also 2 bull calies

and3hoifers. E. .BLAOK. it. 6. Lakeview Mich.





 





For sale— —2- -yr -old Jersey Bull—Dam' s. 1- yr. -old record





—l(k3511bs. milk, 513le. fat 604 lbs. butter.

Sires dam' s record—12997) l.bs milk; lbs tat. 706 lbs.

butter. 2 -y.r old fullsister's record— 8610 lbs. milk 435

lbs. fat. 513 lbs. butter. All authenticated kind.

sound, sure. WatermantWaterman. Ann Arboi‘. Mich,





 





The Jersey





The Jersey gives richer



and more butter than



any other known breed. at a

lower keeping cost. She does it

continuously and persistently.





Her milk and butter bring better

prices than the product of any other





dairy breed. That's where quality

does count. Jersey facts free. Write

now. We have no cows for sale.

AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB

324 W. 23d Street. New York





 





 





Llllie Farmstead Jerseys

(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of



dairy cows for sale. No females for sale at

present. Satisfaction guaranteed.

COLO C. LILLXE. Coooenfllle. Mich.





BUTTER BRED JEPSEEBBELS





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

'Silver Creek. Allegan County, Michigan.

—Bulls ready for service, bred for

Jersoys production. Also cows and heifers.

Brookwater Farm. RF. D. No. 7.Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





 





For sale—Registered Jersey Cattle. tuberculin test-

ed. bulls and bull calves: heifernud heifer



calves: cows with Register of Merit and Cow Testing



Association records. IRVIN FOX, Allegan. Mich.





Notton Farm, Grass Lake, Mich.





A few young Jersey Bull Calves at 325 to $45 each.

PE!) POLlEll cows and llElFEliSfSlx'i‘ilS 125%?

John Berner a Son. Grand Ledge. Mich. Route 4.

9 sru’rthofins—BulbR from 8 to 12 months

Write for pedigrees. KNAPPSCH‘cEve‘lle‘Migli.





llllllY BflEll SHOHTHOHI83P3§$ .333? rig-.113;





B. HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan.





-Lnrte Cattle—Heavy Milken.

Dairy Shudhom' Milk Records of all cows kept.

No stock for sale at presen

W. W. KNAPP, B. No. 4. Watervliet. Mich.





-A tutored e rling Short-

FOR “SALE horrgs Bull. golbr red. good

enoughto head most. any herd. Write or come and

see. WM. D. MOMULLENJ B..B 9. Adrian. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





17—1111





SHEEP.





1T PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED SHEEP

0F PARSONS. “the sheep man of the east.



I sell and ship everywhere and pay express

charges. I will start one man in each township

Write for club offer and descriptive price list





OXFORDS Shropshires. Ramboulllets

9 and Polled Delaines.

PARSONS, Grand Ledge, Michigan.

Kingsville, 0. July 17. 1913.

Dear Sir: I received Oxford Sheep {fighterday in

good shape and will say he is a peach Igot

one With sheep a couple of my noi hbors came

0161' and looked h1m over. They eat he was the

biggest ahee they ever saw and the best around

here. I wil keg‘p the crate. I paid the express

agent 52 for it honking you for your firompt dev

livery, Iremain. Yours truly. Arthur Peck.

At one time men drove many miles in

search of Rams: nowdcys PURE

BRED Sheep are ordered by letter of





“The Sheep Man of the East”

3111-1111 1011 511111111 c1111.vo Loos.





PARKHURST BROS" Reed City. Mlbhlzan.





l livew Choice Words at Reasonable Prices.

W. E. GABDINER. Morley. Mlchimn-





lingo. llamobuillel Sheep, Pure Brod Poland China

HOGS and PERCHERON HORSES. 2% miles

E. Morrice. onG. '1. it. ll. nndM. U. R J. Q. A 000





 





 





 





' is oilering more and better

The Ingleflde Farm Shropshire Sheep than ever

before. All stotk recorded. Writeus what you want

HERBERT E. POWELL, Ionia, Mich. Citizen 9 Phone.





1 f d 2 d Prize two- year-old Shropshire Rams 1912.

3 all ll Also goo cod yearling Rams and Ewes for

sale. .LELA D & SON. Ann Arbor. Michigan.





~Good ones cheap. Write before

Slimp:lll:0 Hams Aug. 15th. for BDBOIIl pr osition.

KOPE KON FABM.Kinde1-hook. Mich can.





HROPSgHIRE rams l and 2 years old, and some '

extra lamb rams, wool and mutton type.

GEO. P. AgoNoDREWB. Dansville.1ngham 00.. Mich.





H008.





' ' —A Desirable Bunch of Sows of

Dunn}: & VIClorlas Either Breed d1 6 April and May.

M. T. Story. 11.3.48 Lowell. Mich. City Phone 55.





BERKSHIRES 3521.31” tfip‘il’é‘fe ”$3531.?“3arillfé

stock. ELMHURST S’l()(‘K FARM. Almont. Mich.





—bred for July farrowing,also achoice

‘ lIafllng sow lot of Sprir Pigs for sale. Either

sex. A. A. PATTULLO. it. o 1 Dcckervllle, Mich.





' ——Spring and summer pigs write us

ohESler Whites your wants. Price and quality right.

Meadow View Stock Farm. R. F.D ..5No WHoiland Mich.





0 I 0 —Big growthy type. last fall gilts and this

spring furrow to ofler. Very good stock.



Scott No. 1 head of herd. Farm 54 mile west of depot,

OTT 0 B. SCHULZF. Nashville. Mich.





0 I C -—MARCH and APRIL PIGS. the long

grouthy kind with plenh of bone.



No cholera ever on or near far rm. Satisfaction



guaranteed. A. NEW MAN. .1, Mariette, Mich





CC I. C’s—all sold. Orders booked for April

and May pigs of the choicest breeding.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Mlchlzan





0 I C’s —Bred sows. March pigs pairs and

0 t.rlos Bufl Rock Eggs 8150 per 15.

FRED NICKEL R. 1. Monroe. Michigan.





0 I C’s—All ages growthy and lame. Males

‘ ready 00 to select from Attractive rices

on young stock. H. JUMP Munith, Mic . -





 





30W WEIGHED 952 L85.

A 23 MONTHS O D





‘ ioNIA dint





I have started more breeders on the road to sue:

case than any man living. I have thelargest and flu-





 





est herd' 1n the U. 8. Every one an early developer.

ready for themnrket at six months old. I want to



. Elmo one 1103 in each community to advertise my

erd Write for my plan, ‘How to Make Money from

Hose." 0. S. IINJAHIN. muono Portland. Mich.





—We make a specialty of 0. I. 0. hogs

olll c! s on our farm. S ck all regis

tered1n01.C.Aes'.n J.H W.AY Pompeii, Mich.





‘Kf —I am ofiering ZOO-lb.

0. I. C. 5 [NE gilts bred, due to

tarrow the latter fiart of August and fore part of

September. All w o are interested write me



A.J. GORDON R. No. 2. Do". Mlch.





—F

Illlll0C- JERSEYS will. iiifiiré‘lixmi" 53?;

all ages. SPECIAL BARGAIN in summer pigs.

Brookwater Farm. ELF. ..No 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.





Duroc Jerseys—Homing llul Spring Pigs For Salt.





CAREY U EDMON DS. Hastings. Michigan.





uroc Jersey s—G ilts all sold. Spring pigs of the large

and heavy boned type. Pairs not zlikin. Satisfaction

guarantee d. F .DRODT. R. No. ,Monroe. Mich,





uroc Jerseys For Sale—Three fail boars. also aprin

pigs. either sex: of finth breeding and individu a?

quality. John McNicoll Station A, H 4. Bay City Mich





POLAND CfllNAS €3.11? listenin‘iufii'z:

Prices right. W. J HAGELSHAW, Augusta. Mich.





LARGE STYLED POLAND CHINA SPRING PIGS-

Sowa bred for fall furrow, also Shorthorn Bul

Robert Neve. Pierson. Mich





PGLAND CHINAS—Efither sex. all ages. Some.

p. D. LONG, 11.11041.t G251. “Pasta: lfi'i'olfiiififi





P. ll. Illlllll lllll lPlllL PIGS—323 33.333





to pl.ease R. MILLS. Saline, Michigan





llllBE TYPE P. ll. FALL Plli 22.3.12. bunch a.





firing pigs I ever raised. Eight. sows farrowed 86

01118 or write. Expenses paid if not satisfied, Free

livery from Parma W. E. Livings‘on. Pat-ma. Mich.





P. 1:. 11011115 1111111 sows-W “112.1131?





A A. WOOD & SON. Saline.y Mich! l.can





350 PIG TYPE MULE FOOT FOGS—All ages for

sale. Prolific andhnrdy. Bestbreedfoerchl an.

Also Ponies. J. DUNLAP. BoxM. Williamsport 0 lo





YORKSHIRE Swine—We have some nice lpfln

pigs now ready for sale. Write for disctiption an

p.rloeu 08 TR ANDER BROS. Morley. Mlhc





lilllo Farmstead YGHKSHIHES





Spring large: £11312" s‘old. 131”“ bred for next August

tun-o . n r e .

not. .111... Ordereboo " “.11 1...? riff "‘ " ”d 1.1...





calves at close prices.





Have the





 





 





pgsl

COLON c.1100 LILLIB. opcnvlllc. Mlch
THE MICHIGAN FARM-ER.





4.}. .L I





,.. AUG. 23, 1913.





 





 





 





 





162—48

gllllllllllllIIlllIIlllllllIltllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllll|llllllltllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllIlllIlllltlIIIIIII|||Illlllll|llllI|Ill!IllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllL—‘S or supplyipg In .during the .winter the ', . » » . ._ .- 1.”, *

:_:- - ’ fowls can never be made to do quite as



well as in spring and summer. . ' '

ou tr an 668 The muscles, tendons, brains, blood and ' ,

_ . 0 internal organs of fowls, are .largely com- “ '

E pOSed of nitrogenous material. The work- - _

E E . . , '\.

fillllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllltIlllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIlllllIIlll||Illll|llilllllllllllllIIlll|llllIllllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllltllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllIllllllllllir‘E mg macmnery 0‘ a ““0““ S My ‘5 \“





SELECTING THE LAYERS.



Beginners are sometimes at a loss to

decide just what is best for winter lay-

ers. Indeed, it is often a difficult propo-

sition for some of the rest of us, who

have had years of experience. A few

years back the writer never thought of

keeping a hen longer than twoyears for

laying purposes, and firmly believed that

none but early-hatched pullets were suit-

able for layers. ‘ h



We have all learned that a great deal,

in either case, must necessarily depend

upon the variety of chickens. All large

varieties, such as Orpingtons, Plymouth

Rocks or Wyandottes are inclined to put

on fat rather than lay eggs after they

are two years old, as a rule. However,

there are some exceptions. In nearly ev-

ery caSe the food that a hen consumes

has more to do with the number of eggs

she lays than has her age or origin. This

does not apply to “scrubs. A mongrel

hen, like a scrub cow, is seldom, if ever,

worth the feed she eats. Good varieties

of chickens which have been crossed may

look like common scrub fowls, but there

is a differmce. However, this was not

intended to be a talk on scrub hens.



If a hen is known to be a good winter

layer, it is not a good plan to dispose of

her at the end of the second year unless

the winter quarters are in danger of be-

ing overcrowded. When the time arrives

for the hens to moult, watch for the

early moulters. A hen that moults early

is nearly always a good winter layer. The

hens that moult slowly, late in the sea-

son, should be sold, or otherwise disposed

of unless they are wanted for some pur—

pose other than winter laying. ICarly

nmoulting hens are the ones that lay the

eggs while the late monitors and pullcts

are getting ready to lay. Late moulters

are useful sometimes as sitters and to lay

eggs in spring when the hens that have

laid all winter are taking a rest. How-

ever. where hens are kept for winter eggs

it is best to weed out the “drones," and

late moulters.



Hens begin to moult about the same

time every year. That is. a hen that

moults early one year will, as a rule.

moult at about the same time the next

year. It is the same with the late. moult-

er. Never send moulting hens to mar-

ket. They should be fed heavily until

they are feathered. High feeding will

sometimes force them to grow new feath—

ers quickly, but a natural moult is, by

far, the best for layers. Sunflowers were

largely grown a few years ago to be

used for the purpose of helping poultry

to moult. They are still used to some

extent. but not so much as formerly. The

husks are, very difficult to digest, and

have no food value at all. Oil meal mix-

ed with corn meal and bran will give

better results. Some pulverized charcoal

should be added. Remember this ration

is not intended fOr the layers, but it is

not SO very far off the subject, since the

proper dispoSal of surplus poultry helps

to make the business more profitable.



Those who keep Leghorns should not

be in too great a hurry to dispose of the

hens. These little egg machines are dif-

ferent from other chickens. A neighbor

who thinks she knows a great deal about

poultry, was treated to a little surprise

recently. This lady has kept fancy Brown

Leghorn hens for some time past, partly

for pleasure and partly for profit. winter

eggs being the principal object. We. were

casually discussing the subject of winter

eggs when she remarked that her hens

had bcen laying unusually well, but that

she had begun killing them off. for table

use. This was early last April. \Vhen

asked why She was doing this, she re-

plied that she was very fond of chicken

and, as the hens would not do to keep

another year, she had decided to kill

them all during the spring and summer

and then buy some young pullets to keep

for next winter. I asked how old her

hens Were. She replied that they were

not quite a year old yet. I promptly in-

formed her that I often kept good Leg-

horn hens until they were four years old,

and that I do not consider a Leghorn

hen ever at her best until after the first

year, My neighbor could scarcely ex-

press her surprise and chagrin. Needless



.. ' to say, she decided not to eat any more

‘ Leghorn meat for a while.



“We often hear it said that only the

early-hatched pullets are Suitable for Win-

ter layers. Now, this is true enough





when only large varieties are considered,

such as those previously spoken of in

this article. But there are others, one,

at least, which comes in the general-

purpose class, viz., the Rhode Island Red.

These begin laying, as a rule, when about

five months old, as do the Leghorns. I

had some of both hatched in July, last

year, and they were laying well by the

middle of December.



\Vhen Leghorns are hatched very early

in the season they grow rather slowly

while the weather is cool. Then ,late in

the fall, they drop their tail and wing

feathers. This partial moult is sure to

retard the production of eggs several

weeks. And, as their growth was less

rapid at the start, the early-hatched

Leghorns seldom make as good a show-

ing in the fall as those that were hatched

later. Therefore, do not hesitate to keep

the thrifty, late-hatched Leghorn or the

Rhode Island Red pullets for winter lay-





ers. There are doubtless some others.





that will give good results. Of course,

I do not mean to infer that none but

late-hatched pullets should be kept.

Probably the very best time to hatch

layers is during May and June. But it

is not always possible to hatch enough

by the last of June. I like June-hatched

pullets for layers, but I have very good

success with the July hatches. Feed and

care will bring the eggs, never fear.



, Ohio. ANNA W. GALLIGHER.





POULTRY FEEDING.—l.





 





An expert feeder’s objects are not

merely to feed his animals to fill their

stomachs, or to satisfy their appetite, but

to supply all the needs of the body. All

animals need building material. whether

it be, used on building new tissues as in

the young and growing body, or that

which has been worn out in the general

wear and tear of the organism. The

same elements which go to make eggs

also are used in building tissueS.



All animals need food that will supply

heat and energy—heat to keep up the

body tenuuerature, and energy to carry

on the various functions. Carbohydrates

and fats are the elements of foods which

produce heat and energy. Protein is the

element which furnishes material for the

renewal of the worn-out tissues and for

the growing of new tissues, as in the

state of young stock.



The ideal ration for any animal is one

that supplies every need of its body in

relation to the purpose for which it is

kept, and does this at the least cost. The

ideal ration for poultry. therefore, de-

pends upon Whether it be used for grow—

ing broilers, making eggs. or in supplying

the needs of a breeding flock.



In order to balance up a ration for his

specific needs, it is necessary that the

feeder understand the composition of the

different foods as well as the composition

of the tissues that go for rebuilding and

building up the body and keeping it in

working shape.



For the simple reason that much more

than one-half of the total weight of a

fowl is water, it can be readily seen that

the ordinary ration for poultry does not

nearly supply the needs in this direction.

'l‘herefore, it is necessary to supply wat-

cr to chickens in additiOn to that which

they can get from the grain and other

food they get. Hence the necessity of

water forming a separate part of the

chickens’ food. \



Mineral matter is employed in the for-

mation of bones and feathers, as well as

in regulating the denSity of the blood and

other fluids of the body, such as the

juices of the stomach, etc. Mineral mat-

ter is uSed in the formation of eggshells.

In a fowl’s body about five per cent of

mineral matter is found. The reason

why. in estimating food values. mineral

matter is generally omitted, is that all

of the common poultry foods contain

enough of this substance. Therefore,‘it

need not be taken into consideration at

all when making up your ration.



But it is always advisable to distin-

guish between the inorganic mineral mat-

ter and the organic. The inorganic min-

eral matter is found largely in oyster

shell and bone meal, hence the reason

for always including these in your list of,

poultry foods. The organic mineral mat—

ter is found only in living plants and an—

imals; this the fowls can generally obtain

to some extent on free range during the

summer; on account of the impossibility





composed largely of nitrogenous material.

New York. F. W. KAZMEIER.





‘A CASE OF ROBBING.





 





As a beginner in bee-keeping I have

been very much puzzled lately at seeing

so many of my workers being stung to

death. FiVe or six workers will all at-

tack one of their number and, in a very

short time, death will be the result of

their vigorous stinging. It cannot be

from too large a number of bees, as two

swarms have left the hive this season.



Leelanau Co. A. B.





Your bees were in all probability being

robbed and I fear that, unless something

has been done before this, you will have

no bees in that colony to care for. But

perhaps I can assist you in avoiding trou-

ble of this kind in the future. In the

first place, your bees swarmed too much

and in consequence were so weakened

that when robbers attacked them they

were unable to ,effectually resist them.





You would be unable to detect the rob-

bers going out and in, as they would un-

doubtedly look like the rest to you, but

if you were accustomed to looking for

them you could distinguish them by the

peculiar inquiSitive manner in which they

approach the hive—a manner different

from the swift unhesitating flight of the

regular workers from the field. They us-

ually,-when robbing, fly in a peculiar

spraddle-legged and highly inquisitive

style that reminds one of a small boy

who knows he is in mischief and is

afraid he will get caught at it. When

they leave the hive they will usually, in-

stead of flying direct from the entrance

as the regular workers do. run up the

front of the hive a few inches before





taking flight. But don‘t get excited the.





first time some of your young bees go

out for a play-spell, for they will act

very much-as I have described the rob—

ber bees. But there is this notable dif-

ference. Bees inside a hive in which

robbing is going on will be in an uproar,

and if there are bees enough to put up

some kind of defence there will be some

fighting.



Now for the cure. As in most other

things, prevention is better than cure,

and this can be accomplished by not al-

lowing your colonies to become Weak; or,

if they have become weak in spite of

you, keep the entrance closed down very

small. “'here robbing is prevalent and

the colony very weak, give them just

room for one bee to go out at a time.

This gives them a good chance to defend

themselves Once robbing is well under

way and the bees in the hive demoraliz-

ed, you can hardly stop them by closing

the entrance alone. A good way is to

close the entrance as recommended and

then throw a lot of damp grass over it

several inches thick. The bees already

in will gradually work out, but very few

robbers will work their way in. Better

yet, close up the hive entirely and carry

it down cellar, robber bees and all; leave

it there three or four days and your rob-

ber bees will join forces with the hive-

they Were trying to rob. “'hen they are

set out. instead of a weak colony you

will have a. strong colony of vigorous

fighters, for all robbers are good defend-

ers at home.



Itobbin‘g is usually started by leaving

little particles of honey where bees can

get at them when there- is a dearth of

nectar. Once they get a taste of the

stolen honey they are crazy for more.



Mecosta. Co. L. C. W'HEELER.





One shOuld aim to keep the young

poultry growing well throughout the sum-

mer. Because you think thcy are nearly

raised is no reason why your interest

should grow weaker. They still need

faithful attention. By avoiding and set—

backs, due to improper feeding or care,

they will mature more readily and uni-

formly. After giving them their freedom

you should be careful to see that they all

find their proper places at night. and are

protected from rats and other enemies.

There still should be regular hours for

feeding and if you have been giving them

a dry mash be sure to see that it is still

there. Morning and evening they should

be given a feed of wheat or cracked corn.





Do not forget the good clean water in a '





clean dish Give them skimmed sweet

milk if you can spare it. With free range

they are getting plenty of green stuff. If

the pullets have been well taken“ care of

they should begin laying in October or

the first of November. "





‘Toasties '

for Lunch





Appetizing and whole-

some these hot Summer

days.





No cooking-no hot

kitchen.





Ready to eat direct from

the package—fresh, crisp

and dainty.





‘ Serve with crean and

sugar ——- and sometimes

fresh berries or fruit.





Post Toasties are thin

bits of Indian Corn, toasted

to a golden brown.





Acceptable at any meal—





Post Toasties





Sold by Grocers everywhere.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Steel Wheels





UR Back





Save draft—save repairs.



Don’t rut roads or fields. Send ridoy for free

illustrated catalog of wheels and wagons.



floctrle Wheel 00.. 35 Elm Sh. Qulncy. Ill.





30 Days Free Trial

/ Costs you nothm to test aset

" of Empu-eSteel eels for full F“ I I

7 .. onth. Will prove them strong-

er, eagler running better In

— eyery way than any others.

Lighten our work, save25% of

the dra t, save repair bills.

rite for free trial offers.

M]? G





Quincyl'm.





F To Kill Lice and Mites p





on fowla and in the houses. use

PRATTS POWDERED LICE KILLER

25c and 50¢ per package





4 Ind mums uoum LICE kiLLER





Save Y0





 





 





     

   

 





   

   

   

   





 





35c quart: 3! gallon

Each the best 0 its kind

Your money back if it falls"

loo-page poultry book 40 by mail

Get Pratt. Profit-sharing Booklet

At all dealers, or





PRATT FOOD COMPA ‘

8 Philadelphia Chigago s





-l-l





 





POULTRY.





BA R GAINS Best. strains S.0.W.Orpington



I breeding stock at greatly re-

ducedwprlces, also half grown cockerela and pulleta.

Mrs. illis Bough, Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak,Mich.





BARRED ROCK EGGS, $1 FOR 15.





W. O. COFFMAN, R. No. 6, Benton Harbor. Mich.





' ‘ ‘ Barred Rock, R. 1. Beds, Mam-

l’f‘t? Wimémeeaeimd...

0c or on 8. gm . , . per set. i y per -

ELMWOOD FARM. R. R. No. 13. Grand ' lipids. Mich.





C(ggllil‘lingA YgaBndcéttes& Vévtignerslgt Shicggo,§rand

p a. on on . ‘ .

RICHARD SAWYE‘R. Mientonomfi) 00 an eggs





sILVER LACED. golden and whiteWyandottes. Eggs

for hatching at reasonable prices: send for circular.

Browning s Wyandotte Farm, R. 30. Portland. Mich.





LILLIE FARHSTEAO POULTRY





B. P. Books. a. I. Bea. d s. o. w. L

for sale. 15 for :1; as 1:: $1.50: 50 magi-15%;: e".

OOLON 0. Linux. Ooopenvllle. Mich.





wmrr LEGHORN commas—Vast?





Maple City Poultry Plant. Box 0.. Charlotte, Mich.





' —Noted for ‘ . ' -

While Wyandottes duction. “i313: Xi'fififii‘imrga "8.

February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor, llIioh.





 





 





 





arbor. Michigan.





 





 





DOGS.





OO'I‘OH OOLLIE PUPPIES from d' ‘ '

S dam. Color. sable and white. Eiffmxggi’azchfwlgfig‘:

85. male or female. Thos Stanfield, Hillsdale, Mich.





LIOUIDS run lillllllllg F°§sfl§b§ifink FERRET:





end 20 stamp. W. LEOKY. Holmesville. Ohio





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





of the boat English strains in Ameri-

ca: 40 years experience in breeding

these fine houn a for my on sport.

now ofler them for sale.

Send stamp for Catalonia.

1'. I. IIIJIIIPETII. Siblly. 'Juklll 60., IO,





 





Mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing to advertisers.
—* AUe.-'=‘23.41913fi;3





 





,. ,4





 





 





Farmers’ Clubs





@Mllilllflllllllliliillllllllllllllii|Illlllllllllllillllllllll‘lllllllllillllillllllfllilllIlllllllllllllllllMilling

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS' CLUBS.





President—Jas. N. McBride, Burton.



Vice-President—C. B. Scully, Almont.



Secretary-Treasu-rer—Mrs. C. P. John-

son, Metamora.



Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. Wm. T.

McConnell, Owosso.



Directors—C. P. Johnson, Metamora;

H. W. Chamberlain, White Lake; Wm.

T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spaulding,

Belding; R. J. Robb, Mason; J. F. Rei-

man, Flint.



Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich. ,





 





Assodatlonal Motto:

The ‘skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmer’s most valuable asset.





 





VALUE OF EDUCATION.





 





Paper read at the August meeting of

the Ingham County Farmers’ Club by

Miss Floren‘ce Taylor.





In looking at the year book of the

Farmers’ Club, I noticed particularly the

sentiment for this month—the English

school sentiment—“Either teach or learn

or leave the place.” This seems to per-

tain to the teacher in a particular way

and. to education in a somewhat general

way. Let us see how some scholars de-

fine education.



The oldest definition, one that has stood

the test of 2,300 years, is Plato's: “Edu-

cation gives to body and to soul all the

beauty and perfection of which they are

capable." '



Dr. Dewey says, "Education is life.”



Another scholar says: ”Education is

the process by which an individual is

changed from a dependent, self-centered,

egoistic being to an independent, social,

altriustic being."



We may accept any of these definitions

that suits us best, but we see that the

fundamental idea in all of them is the

growth and development of the individual.

In this way he becomes better adjusted

to his environment and is capable of

greater service. This is brought about

largely by the public schools and the fine

training the children receive there. We

think our system of common schools is

the best and perhaps We are justified in

doing so.



Education is a necessity in a free gov-

ernment. The life and success of a free

government depends primarily on the av-

erage intelligence of the people. Slavery

is an institution that cannot well exist

where the people are generally educated.



In no other country is there more di-

versity of thought and race, hr of inter-

ests and habits. When we look over the

hiStory of the settlement of our country

and notice with what entirely different

motives our- country was settled, we see

the diversity was true from the very first.



Then, too, the immigration enters. More

than a million immigrants are coming to

our country every year from nearly every

country on the globe. Unless these people

are taught American manners, customs

and patriotiSm, there is real danger in





immigration. The common school is the

greatest factor in the solution of the

problem. “No other agency can harmon-





ize so effectively the diverse interests

and make Americans bf the children of

the immigrants."



The parochial schools cannot do this for

they are established on a different basis;

private schools frequently draw a line

between the rich and the poor.



Education decreases criminality. In ex—

amining the prison records it is found

that in proportion to their numbers the

illiterate members of a community fur-

nish eight times as many criminals as do

the educated people. The question of the

educated criminal arises, but education

for all should not be abolished just be-

cause a few of its products have not liv-

ed up to the best of their knowledge. The

educated'criminal is a criminal, .not be-

cause of his education, but in spite of it.



Education decreases pauperism. In one

of our definitions of education we said it

changed an individual from a dependent

to an independent being. This neces-

sarily means that one must be able to

care for himself: and as each is able,

pauperiSm decreases. As one acquires an

education his faculties are better devel-

oped; he can attain greater success and

be of greater success to his fell-owmen.



The keynote of our schools today is in-

dustrial efficiency. More and more stress

is being laid on the practical side of ed-

ucation. Many examples of this are be-

ing found in the curricle of schools. Com-

munity arithmetic for instance, in which





 





 





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taught also.





 





the problems deal directly with the occu-

pations of the community. Some supple-

mentary handwork, such as paper cut-

ting and tearing, raffia work,vclay model-

ing, etc, when wisely mingled with the

common branches, in the primary and in-

termediate grades, makes the school work

infinitely better and more interesting to

the Children than a strict adherence to the

three R's as was found in the “olden gol-

den days" of which we younger teachers

hear so much.



I believe in the course of your splendid

programs you have had helpful discus-

sions concerning manual training, domes-

tic science, and agriculture in the schools.

Right here a word about nature study is

well expressed by Burroughs: “I should

not try directly to teach young people to

love nature so much as I should aim to

bring nature and them together and let

an understanding and intimacy spring up

between them." This work may combine

some of the rudiments of agriculture; the

testing of seed corn, work of the sun up-

on starch in leaves, etc., something of

plant and animal life: studies of the

grasshopper, frog, cricket. and others, to-

gether with those of trees and plants;

principles of physiology and hygiene are

The subject is a very broad

one and easily adapted to any school in

the community.



If after one has spent some years in

acquiring an education, he finds his earn-

ing pewers increased, he feels repaid for

his efforts and perhaps sacrifices. The

fact that this is true is a great credit for

education. I have a friend who was teach-

ing at $40 per month, but after complet-

ing her university course secured a fine

position at $80 per month. I'Ve are in-

clined to think that education—particu-

larly higher education—is practical only

for teachers, but this is not necessarily

true.



“'hile, of course, it does aid teachers

greatly, it aids any one who obtains it.

“’hatever makes life sweeter and worth-

ier of the living is certainly beneficial.



People advocating higher education are

always met with the question, “Does it

pay?" I believe the Farmers’ Club is no

exception, for it seems to me I remember

listening to a very interesting and spirit-

ed discussion of this question during 'the

early part of the year. I would like to

present an argument based on “Who's

\‘i‘ho in America ?" of May, 1913. concerning

the commercial value of education? Per-





vhaps an apology is due for putting it on





a mercenary basis, but still it is a strong

argument. A selection of 7,852 notable

men, Successful in all lines of work all

over our country was made and inquiries

concerning their education made. These

men were not alone teachers, but soper-

intendents of factories, managers of

plants, successful business men of all

kinds; men who have been successful in

ail walks of life.



On the basis of 4013/4 million of people

in the United States 21 years of age and

over, the following statistics were gained:

First, 4% million, without school training,

furnished 31 notables; second, 32% million

with eight years of school training, fur-

nished 808 notables; third, 21-6 million.

with 12 years school training, furnished

1,245 notables; fourth, 1 1-10 million, with

16 years of school training, furnished 5,768

notables.



By these last figures we find that one-

fortieth of the people—those with college

training—furnish thirty-fortieths of the

notables. Does not this speak Well for

college training?



From the entire list these conclusions

were drawn: First, an uneducated child

has one chance in 150,000 for distinction;

second, eight years of training increases

his chances nearly four times; third, 12

years of training increases his chances

over the common school boy 25 times, and

over the uneducated boy 87 times; fourth,

college training increases the chances of

the high school boy nine times, giving

him'219 times the chance of the common

school boy and over 800 times the chance

of the. untrained boy.



Of’the 7.852 notables, about three-fifths

were full college graduates. It should be

borne in mind that there were no more

teachers in the list than other profeSSions.

These people with more education have

increased earning power and are capable

of making more money. Those who were

in business for themselves were better

fitted to conduct their affairs and were

doing so in such a way as to receive

greater returns. " ‘ "‘ The aim of all

institutions of learning is the triumph of

mind over matter. The fundamental prin-

ciple of all education is the training of

the mind.





“Were I so tail to reach the pole,

Or grasp the ocean with my span:

I must be measured by my soul,

The mind’s the standard of the man.’f





'each





THEM I:C*.H-I‘ G AN F A RM E ‘R '-





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Grange. I





 





_.‘—





 





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Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.” '





 





THE SEPTEMBER PROGRAMS.





State Lecturer's Suggestions for First

Meeting.





Opening music.



Fall handling of crops: 1.

Potatoes. 3. Beets. 4. Fruits.



Music.



My favorite poem with some account of

its author.



What can a farm boy do, while attend-

ing school, to earn money toward a high

school or college education?



What can a farm girl do, while attend-

ing school, to earn money toward her high

school or college fund?



Summary of good points made in this

program. -



Suggestions for Second Meeting.

Song by children of the Grange.

Roll-call responded to by each member



mentioning the name of some person

whose home he passes on way to Orange,

who does not belong to the Grange. '



HOW did you start in life for yourself?

Answered by two men and two women.



Recitation.



Shall father and mother move to town

when they cannot work as they once did

and children are grown? Why, or why

not?



Same things a retired farmer and his

wife may do for their community. Dis—

cussmn.





Corn. 2.





Solo, “Stay on the Farm," No. 120,

Grange Melodies. '



Short farce.



Light refreshments. served by the





“bachelor girls" of the Grange.





THE IDEAL GRANGE AND GRANGER.





 





Paper presented by Mrs. L_ C. Mur-

ray at recent joint meeting of Nunica

and Cooperville Granges and published

by request.



The ideal differs widely from the prac-

tical the idea] being largely imaginary;

so let us imagine this ideal Grange.



First, an ideal Grange will provide for

itself an ideal home. Such a home shall

differ from the’ ordinary barn-like struc-

ture usually known as a hall. Its out-

ward appearance suggests what it is in-

tended to be, a home. It is well shaped

and nicely painted, a cozy little porch

shelters the entrance, inviting the chance

visitor, as well as the home member.



The inner arrangements follow the out-

ward suggestion of a home. Its audi-

torium or lodge room is sufficiently large

to comfortably entertain not only one

neighboring Grange. but several. It has

a large, well-equipped dining-room and

kitchen, storage and ante-rooms, a com-

fortable room where the sisters may put

the babies to sleep and make the other

small children comfortable; also We will

go a step further in arranging our ideal

home and provide a smoking and card

room to give the brothers a chance to

be happy in their own way.



We all have different ideas of happi-

ness, so if one’s enjoyment may be so

arranged as not to interfere with the

pleasures of others, we will follow Col.

Roosevelt’s advice and have all the fun

we honestly and decently can. Our ideal

Grange Home will encompass all these.

striving to make each individual member

happy.



Now having a mental picture of our

ideal home, we will imagine our ideal

Grange at work in this home. As the

opening hour approaches we find ‘the

other rooms all being deserted for the

lodge room. The officers are in their

respective places, all present, not an ab-

sentee. The chairs are well filled with

members of all ages, plenty of young

people, as well as those of riper years,

all eagerly attentive to the work before

them.



And this ideal Grange work. “'hat a

wide range it covers! \Ve notice, as

division of the evening work is

reached by the presiding officer, the mem-

bers who have been entrusted with that

particular work respond promptly: the

different committees are ready with their

reports: new work is suggested, every-

thing moves along. not perfunctorily, but

full of interest every minute. LiStening

attentively we hear much about co-oper—

ative buying and selling, fire, cyclone

and life insurance, better marketing fa-





cilities, spraying. fertilizing, destroying

weeds; how to simplify the every-day

work on, the farm, handier barns, hog





and hen houses. so as .to accomplish the

most work with the least labor. Re-ar-

ranging the kitchens, screened-porch din—

ing-room, out-door sleeping rooms, with

the idea constantly in mind, more home-

making with less labor.



Better babies, better chances for the





 





19—‘163 " ‘





little children, better reading matter, the

best ways of combating the ever-present

fly, the trouble with the home gardens,

the troublesome mole? in the yard, col-

lege education for ti; farm boys and

girls,. etc., etc.



The members of this ideal Grange must

indeed be broadminded, courageous peo-

ple, for hear how they discuss in a neigh-

borly way all manner.of things. 'Good

roads, freer wool, free trade in all 'the

various ways which affect the farmer;

income 'tax, lower general taxes, yes, ev-

en single tax, are fully discussed pro and





con, in a non—political way which is

truly inSpiring.

And we observe the sisters taking





part in these talks instead of being quiet

listeners, 'and note how well informed

they are, and, we reason, why not? Are

they not equally interested in all these

matters? So these ideal sisters are.

bravely setting forth their ideas on all

these things because they affect the

home, trying to learn how to make good

on the farm and still remain good citi-

zens, alert and watchful for the best in-

terests of each other and all.



The ideal Grange looks closely after

the good of its members, caring for the

sick, helping the needy, relieving help-





lessness wherever found, provides a homes-





for its aged members who may be so

unfortunate as to need such help; pro-

vides a school for its orphaned children

where they may have a chance for an

education also a vocation enabling them

to make good in this great hustling

world. The ideal Grange is one great

unselfish family looking for ways to bet—

ter conditions for all. It is not self-cen-

tered, but reaches out to sister Granges.

increasing its strength by uniting with

others in pressing forward.



It is an accepted fact that the world

is no better than its separate parts, so

this ideal Grange must necessarily be

00mposed of ideal members.





Now to be an ideal Granger means a.

great deal, so we will study these mem-

bers a little. XVe find them to be well

versed in the regular lodge work. famil—

iar with the ritual, the degree work, have

an excellent degree team, each individual

member being able to exemplify the work

if called upon; each patron is qualified

to do good, able work anywhere in the

Grange, and not only able, but willing

and ready, when wanted.



The ideal master is always looking

forward, making suggestions along var-

ious lines this way Or that to improve

conditions, and the ideal member is quick

to grasp and put in force everything

that seems to be for the general good.

And so, too, will the ideal member re-

spond cheerfully when called upon by the

ideal lecturer to aSlet in the evening's

entertainment.



There is one little phrase never heard

from the lips of the ideal Granger. It

is, “I cannot.” Instead the ideal Granger

will always reply, “I’ll do the best I

can." So when the lecture hour arrives

in this ideal Grange how well the mem-

bers respond, and we listen to song and

story well rendered.



But this is not all. Our ideal Grange

looks after the social welfare of its mem—

bers as well as the fraternal, legislative.

financial and intellectwl. The- short re-

cess gives members a chance for neigh—

horly chat and making the new members

and visitors feel at home and one of the

family. 3‘1"



Then when the lecture hour is over

and the dining-room doors thrown wide

open, inviting all to partake of an ideal

Grange supper, the response is even more

prompt if possible.



While we are lingering a little over

this ideal supper we hear the orchestra

tuning its instruments, and pretty soon

the scene changes. the music strikes up

a lively tune, and away go our ideal

younger members lost in the mazes of

the dance. an ideal dance which is but

the natural expression of music, not an

ungainly, unlovely exhibition.



So our evening closes, and how thor-

oughly enjoyable it has been.



Can we, too, reach the Ideal?

Somebody said that it couldn't be done.



But he with a chuckle replied,



That “maybe it couldn’t” but he would





be one

Who wouldn’t say so, ’till he’d tried.





So he buckled right in, with the trace of





a grin

On his face. If he worried be hid it.

He started to sing, as be tackled the





thing,

That couldn’t be done, and he did it.





COMING EVENTS.





 





 





Pomona Meetlngs.

Wayne County Pomona rally, in Joseph

“Valtz's grove. at \‘Valtz. Friday. Aug. 29.

D. IT}. lJrC‘u'e state speaker. ‘
The .big Ward thousand

page Catalogue is a‘teach-

er of domestic economy

in its broadest sense.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





It teaches “price-econo-

my” and “quality econo-

my.” Quotesdependable

merchandise of the highest

possible degree of. quality for

prices asked. This great lesson

in Domestic Economy is made

possible by the practice of strict

commercial economy — selling

direct to the consumer, by mail,

merchandise purchased bytrain

and boat load. A method of

merchandising that reduces

distribution expenses, cuts

wholesale ’costs and lowers

retail prices. A method of

merchandising that enables you

to realize a substantial saving

on purchase prices, without

sacrificing quality.





   





 





 





Listed in our latest and greatest

Catalogue is nearly every necessity

and luxury used and enjoyed by

man, woman or child—honest,

dependable merchandise correctly

pictured, truthfully described and

reasonably priced.‘





‘If you have not yet received a copy

of this big book, sign and send the

coupon for one to-day.





MONTGOMERY WARD a Co.





Chicago — Knnsnn City -- Fort Worth, Tel.





 

 





 





 





 





 





Drawn upreulu for

Minimum] llurtl cf Fun-pal"

tlu Dun Sayre Grouba‘h -





 





Teacher _ "" '  ¥





i V Montgomery Word & Co., Dethlll-ll , Chicago

0 Gentlemen: I want a copy of your new Catalogue. Please send it to





me at once, all charges prepaid.





 





Nam:





Domestic Economy :2:

Bxgnlzzgfleter AE‘HLETI‘: N Rihaawfidaiiliiiiedry





temperature Winter or Sum-

a. t. ILl'.l FILLERS—

'ij‘ .1 ');‘»id. ‘3‘ ”LN. Umplérsnurnt v 7* " 5 \’





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





       





 





 





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' . ’3 %?M ' .veryt ing for card ui ing. 90 es

. ' . , “$36 ""“"" Q‘W‘Ai‘f/E Company in the business with the Latest.

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mm :3, Campbell in. an“: - - f b ' t 7”,:- ;=_. ._ __ ; some .v i us to 9 en. a 08— .

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“'9 H ‘ ' under oak frame, Appleton Silo Filler. V V =.-_ z - - . , - , WANTED—Men and women for Government;

I ' ' ' i .75 ' v I l . ' ti . I

"MW“ mm" cw" mauled free- Wnte for .t to-day- ‘ ~ * r - mama amiss? gamma? °€1§H





aminntlon Free. Write. Ozment. 17. B. St. Louis.





 





 





 





llanllon Mlcll. Farmer when wrltlng to ndvortlsors. -





i F ”GE POSTS APPLETON MFG. Co., 420!





GEORGE If} CHANDLER. Onaway. Mich.