'rstained yellow or brown.


///////rc"


”WW/ﬂ ’ '/ y,


f" The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.


VOL. cxu. No. ’9. i

Whole Number 3658.


' DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, AUGUST 30, 1913.


50 CENTS A YEAR.

$2 FOR 5 YEARS.


has been known in Michigan and


other states which has threatened

to become of great importance to the po-

tato growing industry. This is a wilt dis-

ease and it makes itself known by some

very marked symptoms. Starting with a

small percentage of the tubers affected,

it increases from year to year until a.

large percentage of the crop may be dis-

eased, As will be seen, the signs of the

disease are. perhaps, more striking at the

beginning of the attack than later.


Signs.


Probably the ﬁrst evidence of the work

of this fungus enemy is noted in the early

dying 0f diseased plants. One or two plants

of the row may be affected, or in cases of

widespread attack of the disease, the en-

tire ﬁeld may die two or three weeks ear-

lier than the usual time. Such a condi-

tion being general, might not serye to call

attention to the disease so strongly as the

dying of an occasional plant.


If weather has been favorable so that

the potatoes are well advanced at the time

of the year, a crop may be harvested ev-

en from diseased plants but such potatoes

are small, and a general occurrence cuts

the yield enormously. It is common his—

tory in the western states that soil which


FOR many years a disease of potatoes

A


formerly raised crops averaging 150 to 200


bushels per acre is now raising, with the

best of culture and favorable weather,

only an average of 80 or 90 bushels per

acre. It is the author’s O‘Dinion that the

greater part of this fall


Fusarium Wilt of Potatoes.


the stem. The opinion of Dr. Smith,

however, indicated that the attack might

come through the roots and such is the

case for some other diseases of Similar

nature due to this same sort of fungus


For a long time it was thought that the

dry rot in storage was also due to this

fungus, but recent work in Nebraska in-

dicates that the rotting of tubers in that

state, at least, is not due to the fungus

which causes the wilt, but due to another

Species of the same group. Much of the

experience, however, in Michigan and in

Nebraska as well, indicates that while

there may be a speciﬁc rotting of pota-

toes due to a fungus different from the

w-ilt, yet by far the greatest loss comes

from the wilt fungus and this also may

cause a dry rot of the tuber.


Control of the Disease.


Very early in the history of this dis-

ease—attempts were made to control it by

fertilizers, but these experiments gave no

deﬁnite results. Manns, in Ohio, conduct—

ed some experiments in 1910 which gave

good promise in ﬁghting the disease. First

of all, it is necessary to know the disease.

]f one is working in the potato ﬁelds dur-

ing the growing season, he should readily

recognize the fact of the presence of the

wilt. In examination of the harvested tu-

bers, one can quickly determine the pres-


concerned, or to the grower in returns.


Many farmers in the state spend con-

siderable time in selecting their seed and

the writer would point out that among the

things to look for in the growing plant is

freedom from wilt and in the tubers free-

dom from bundle blackeniig‘. NIanns ad-

viSes, in a case of badly infested ﬁelds,

to avoid growing potatoes for at least five

or six years.


Probably the most acceptable of all the

£ontrol measures that can be suggested

is the careful inspection of seed previous

to planting. XVhen the potatoes are being

cut, and this should be done by hand.

cases where the tubes are diseased with

bundle blackening should be discarded.

Manns had considerable success in ﬁght-

ing the disease by cutting away the dis—

eased parts and then dipping in formalin.

The writer would point out that if many

of the seed potatoes are cut, it is very

dangerous to dip and leave in the for-

malin any length of time, since it has

been found by actual experiments, ‘as

well as by the mistakes of growers, that

if the potatoes are dipped in formalin to

treat for scab, after cutting, a large pro-

portion of them will fail to come up.


In the writer’s opinion, the. following

course should be adopted in handling seed

potatoes: First dip the whole potatoes,


bundles have become discolored, or they

may harbor some other germ. Several

bushels of potatoes have been examined

and it Was found that 99 per cent of the

seed showed this slight discoloration ex-

tending, in no case. more than an eighth

(if an inch in the tuber. This discolora-

tion did not increase with storage, while

it is believed that in a case of Fusarium

\Vilt. the bundles would have become in-

fected to a greater depth. Cultures which

were made from these bundles did not

give the characteristic Fusarium growth.

This should be noted by the growers and

the cuts in examination should be made

a quarter of an inch or more in depth.

The Loss Caused by this Disease.


The loss caused by the Fusarium wilt

is V‘t‘l‘)’ hard to estimate. If one could

ccmpare the yield in fields where crops

were originally very large, which have

fallen off, due to this fungus. he might

gain an idea of the possibilities of loss.

if one walks through a licld and ﬁnds one

per cent or even ten per cent of the

plants dying, two or three Weeks before

thc right time. and producing; only a

handful of small, unsalable tubers, he can

gain some idea of the possibilities of the

damage.


Mich. .\g. College. G, ll. COONS.


ANTHRACNOSE OF BEANS.


In a letter commenting upon the article

0n bean anthracnose by \V. H. Parker,

agricultural advisor for


in yield is due to the

fact that the soil in old

ﬁelds is infested with

this fungus from the

seed which is planted

in the new ground. The

killing of the plants oc-

curiting as it does about

two weeks before the

normal ripening time, is

juSt sufﬁcient to injure

the yield, but not enough

to kill the plants out-

right.


If the plants which

have died as described,

are examined, it is

found that the roots, or

at least a part of them,

are dry and brittle and

the stem brown and

water soaked. If such

plants are put under

moist conditions, the

stem becomes covered

with a white mould—like

growth and frequently,

this is found in the ﬁeld

following a period of

wet weather.


The stem is affected

following the attack on

the roots. The stems

leading to the tubers are affected still

later, and it is pOSSible by taking a num-

ber of plants, to ﬁnd all stages in the ad-

vance of the fungus. One can ﬁnd cases

where the entire tuber stem is sound and

apparently free from disease; other caSes

show it brown and water soaked and if

the small potato is cut across at the butt.

or stem end, it is found that the water

tubes are not the natural color, but are

If such tubers

are stored, the fungus advances further

and further along until the water tubes

are blackened or browned to a depth of

one-half inch or more. This sign is be-

lieved to be rather constant and, as will

be seen, is a basis for the control meas-

ures, which are recommended later on.

The next year when such potatoes are

used for seed, this diseased portion is


:planted and is in a. most favorable loca-


tion to cause the spread of the disease,

It is. the writer's opinion that the disease

progresses from such tubers directly to


ence of the wilt fungus in the majority

of cases, at least, by cutting across the

stem ends. If the ring of water tubes is

discolored for considerable depth of the

tuber, it is safe to suspect that such a

tuber is diseased with the wilt. Such po-

tatoes keep badly unless they are stored

under very cool conditions. The form that

the diseaSe takes in this case is usually

called “dry rot." But this weakened po-

tato, if placed under moist conditions,

will rot with bacteral organisms and give

a case of “wet rot."


Manns calls special attention to the

necessity of knowing the condition of po-

tatoes with reference to this disease be-

fore stOring, since in the case of a. wide-

spread attack of the trouble, storage con-

ditions must be looked after Very care-

fully. Where the potatoes are found to

be badly affected with this trouble, they

should be sold for early use, since in the

main, when potatoes are sold in the fall,

there is little loss, so far as table use is


as usual to control scab. YVhile these are

still wet, look over carefully. All cases

of Rhizovectonia (or scurf) should be

thrown out. Then these pota;oes should

be cut by hand and thOSe showing bundle

blackening discarded. If in some cases the

diseased part is cut away, these potatoes

may be dipped for a few minutes in 21

formalin solution to kill any germs that

are left by the knife in cutting. The po-

tatoes are then dried and planted. Of

course, the usual precautions that are

necessary to prevent a reinfection with

the scab organism are necessary to pre-

vent a reinfection with the wilt organism.

These are both diseases caused by minute

organisms, and the use of old crates or

sacks which have contained diseased po-

ta’toes will reinfect the treated seed.


A condition of seed potatoes 'has been

noted in which bundle blackening extend-

ed in a very small fraction of an inch. In

the writer’s opinion. this is not a true case

of wilt, but for some reason or other, the


s, Genesee county, an

Ski Occana county reader


writes: “Beans are rec-

. ognized as one of our

most important crops

and I will venture the

assertion that in our

section of the state not

more than ﬁve percent

of the growers know

that there is any dis-

case that is a menace

to their propagation. I

have hcon intcrestcd in


years and I am not

certain that I would

recognize bean anthrac-

nose unless my atten-

tion had been called to

the fact that it was

prevalent in a certain

locality. One of two

things is certain, so far

as Occana county is

concerned, cithcr we

are very fortunate in

not having any of the

disease here, or else we

are very ignorant as to

its appearance, as I


Early Potatoes in Kalkacka County, Ready to Harvest and Estimated to Yield 150 Bushels Per Acre. have never heard 0f its


existence. in the county.

As a favor to your numerous subscribers

in this section, I would like to ask some-

one who knows beans to give a compre-

hensive description of the symptoms of

this diSease before we become familiar

with it from personal contact.”


This fungous disease of beans can

scarcely be brought too prominently be-

fm‘e the attention of Michigan bean grow-

ers at this time, since it is undoubtedly

present to some extent in most sections

of the state where beans are grown on a.

commercial scale.


This disease was ﬁrst observed in 1878

and its presence is often recognized. but


ascribed perhaps to dry weather or some-


times perhaps to wet weather and is very


variously but wrongly . called rust and '

blight. It is a disease which is introduc- ;

ed into the ﬁeld in almost every case,


through the planting of diseased seed. In

some cases it develops rapidly and kills

many plants while young.


Where the young plants are attacked it


bean culture for several.
166—2


THE MICHIGAN FARMER


~ -- ~ ﬁlfa-%30i<~~l9l3-- , .


' - r , , , ,_.7

will be recognized by. brewn or black

sunken spots or pits on the stems or

cotyledons. When a stem is attacked at

the base close to the ground the injury

may appear to be due to some insect and

this is undoubtedly the cause of damage

to the bean crop in some sections of the

state this year where it has been report-

ed that some insect was at work in the

ﬁeld and so weakened the stalks by eat-

ing them at the base that they fall over

from their own weight and die. Where

conditions are not favorable to the rapid

development of the fungus before the

plants are well developed, the leaves will

also show the disease, particularly on the

under side and along the veins which be-

come brownish and dead.


It is its effect on the pods, however,

which is most noticeable and which

causes the greatest damage. Large, more

or less circular sunken brown spots ap-

pear on the tissue of the pod, at the cen-

ter of which a pinkish moldy mass may

be observed, which are the spores or seed

of the fungus. As the beans ripen, the

diSease works through the pods and at-

tacks the seed, forming discolored and

often roughened spots on the beans. Dis-

eased beans may be detected by these

diSColored spots on the coat of the seed

and are USually imperfect in shape and

sometimes shriveled, although not neces-

sarily so.


Unquestionably this disease is largely

responsible for the increased percentage

of poor beans in Michigan’s crop, which

is constantly picking heavier each year.

'Much of the damage which is ascribed to

bad weather at harvesting time is un-

doubtedly often due to anthracnose, as

when wet weather discolors the beans

they will have a dull and blackened ap—

pearance, instead of a spotted appear‘

ance of the seed as is the case when af-

fected with anthracnose.


It is spread in the ﬁeld by working in

the beans in wet weather when the spores

from diseased areas are readily scattered

and adhere to other plants. Insects and

other similar agencies may also assist in

spreading it. The main dependance for

controlling the disease. however, must be

the planting of clean seed secured either

from ﬁelds where there is no infection or

by the hand picking of pods which are

not affected, as no clean and perfect bean

pod is, for planting in a seed plot to pro-


vide clean seed for the next year’s

planting. '

Bean growers would do well to give


this matter their serious attention in the

selection of seed for next year‘s planting,

since by this means and this means only,

can the spread of this most destructive

of bean diseases be checked and the loss

which it entails avoided by Michigan’s

bean growers.


THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE

CORNER POSTS.


Most farmers ﬁnd today that one of

the weakest points in a wire fence is the

corner post. The post is either pulled

over when stretching the Wire or if it

does hold it rots off in a few years and

consequently, weakens the whole fence.

After the wire fence once becomes loose

it cannot be stretched up properly again.

Some farmers buy the concrete posts al-

ready made and place them in the ground

as they do the ordinary wooden posts.

These are better than wooden posts but

they are too expensive and do not re-

main as solid as where the posts are

built in the hole.


\\'e have built several concrete corner

posts in the ﬁeld and ﬁnd them to be far

superior to any other kind of posts. We

found that by building the post in the

hole the cost for material was 90 cents.

A good wooden post would cost nearly

this amount and would not last nearly as

long. \\'e dug a rather large hole three

or four feet deep, slightly undermined on

the side‘ where the brace was needed.

The concrete was then mixed, using one

part‘ cement to ﬁve parts gravel, and

placed in this hole. It is essential that

the gravel be clean: that is. free from

loam, clay or vegetable matter. “Then

the hole was ﬁlled to the level of the

ground a form one foot square was plac-

ed over this concrete already in the hole,

The form can be made so that it tapers

slightly toward the top, making a very

neat appearing post. A small amount of

concrete was placed in the form. Then

four irons four and one-half feet long

from an old windmill derrick, were placed

about two inches from the four corners

of the form for reinforcement. The form

was then ﬁlled with concrete and left 24

heurs before it was removed. Holes can

be made in the post by placing one-half

inch gas pipe every six to 10 inches


apart in the forﬁ Wt; 159%; the

concrete. The wires can then be fasten-

ed to the post by pressing through these

holes. We merely fastened the wire

around the post and found this method

of fastening it to be very satisfactory.


By this method of constructing corner

posts braces are not absolutely necessary.

Braces were attached to several of our

posts and some were left unbraced, the

latter stood the pull without giving a

particle. Since the concrete posts are

much cheaper in the long run than the

wooden posts this is the only kind of a

post a farmer should use.


Indiana. J. C. KLIN’E.


THE STRAW PROBLEM.


Straw should not be burned. Burning

straw, though very common in the west,

is not much practiced in the east; but I

have seen the blaZe and smoke of burn-

ing straw piles along the ﬂats of the

Susquehanna river, which produce long

straw, and a large quantity of it. The

buckwheat straw which is usually thresh-

ed in the ﬁeld, and is not considered of

mach feeding value, was generally burn-

ed as soon as the machine Was moved out

of the way.


Straw should not be sold unless the

farm produces more than can possibly be

utilized for feeding and bedding for stock.

In Great Britain, where good farming and

big crops are more general than here, and

more pains are taken tomake and apply

a large quantity of manure, selling straw-

from the farm“‘is considered an unpardon-


able sin and is strictly forbidden in the.


farm leasas to tenants. Of c0urse. near

the cities and large towns' straw can be

sold to good advantage and manure

brought back to supply its place on the

farm. I have often exchanged a load of

straw for a load of manure—say half a

ton of straw for a ton of stable manure.

and the person with whom I made the

exchange brought the manure to my ﬁeld,

and took home the straw. He was glad

to do it and I was well pleased. Long

bright rye straw is in great demand for

paper making and packing purposes, and

sometimes brings nearly as much per ton

as hay. It might be good policy to sell

rye straw and with the money it brought

buy bran or oil meal to feed to live stock

«r commercial fertilizers to maintain the

fertility of the farm. The only danger in

this transaction is that when the straw

is sold the fertilizer will not be bought

and the money will be used for some

other purpose and the farm wronged.

People who would not cheat a neighbor

in a deal will sometimes cheat their farms

without feeling a qualm of guilt.


What should be done with the straw?

As soon as threshed, (if pitched out of

doors), it should be pitched back into the

barn before it gets wet. There is room

for it there if well tramped down. A stack

in the barnyard. if built ever so well,

will get wet on top and sides and in the

winter be frozen and crusted with snow

and ice so that getting any dry straw

when wanted is difﬁcult. Hon. B. La-

porte, late of this county. erected a build-

ing in his barnyard on purpose for straw,

which is run into it from the machine

that stands in the barn. The sides and

ends are planked up with three-inch

scantling spiked far enough apart for cat-

tie to get their heads between them to

work at the straw when in the yard.


A considerable amount of bright straw

can be fed With proﬁt to young cattle

and to cows. No matter how well they

are fed on cornstalks or clover hay, they

will eat some straw every day for the

sake of change. We give them some

Straw in the morning when their appe-

tites are keen. The choicest portions are

eaten readily, and what is left is thrown

under them for bedding then they are

given stalks or clover hay. Vi'e do not

compel our cows to eat any straw but it

is given to them regularly (placed at

their forefeet) and they will eat some in

addition to their other foods. It is sur-

prising how much straw can be used dur-

ing the winter for bedding cattle and

horses, and how much cleaner they look

and how much more comfortable they

must feel; and what a large quantity of

manure they will supply.


Our meadow having been ﬂooded by

high water in the river and rendered us

short of hay, we wintered all our stock,

horses, cows and fattening steers almost

entirely on cut straw and meal and never

wintered them better nor cheaper. The

straw was cut in half—inch lengths, moist-

ened with water. and mixed with meal

ground from corn, rye. oats and buck-

wheat, mixed in about equal proportions.


Some farmers at the beginning of win-

ter after the ground is frozen, draw straw


. ways


and spread a thin layer over their/wheat


ﬁelds fer protection against winter- kiliing.«


Pennsylvania. J. W. INGHAM.


-——.._.


THE RENTER AND THE SOIL.


Non-resident ownership of farm prop-

erty means the depletion of soil fertility.

For such possession of farm land means

either a hired man or a renter upon the

property. In farming. as in any other

business, a representative of the owner

seldom takes such an interest in the bus-

iness as does the proprietor. Even though

for the time being, the clerk may have as

much interest in an establishment as the

owner, it is at best only transient. If

any red blood, any ambition is in him. he

will soon desire a better position, and if

he hasn't enough push to desire advance-

ment, it is seldom that he has either the

incentive or the capacity to ﬁll his pres-

ent position to the best interests of either


his employer or himself. ,So it is in farm»


ing. The man possessing business saga-

city and bustle rents or hires out, only

until he is able to till a farm Of his own.

If he is unable to own a property he

continues to live on another’s. So, in the

ﬁrst instance, the tenant’s interests are

but temporary, and in the latter there is

little or no interest.


“’hen the non—resident owner has his

farm tilled by an employe living on his

property, the farm operations are usually

supervised by the owner. Yet, this su-

pervision by a man living miles from the

farm, cannot be done as intelligently as

if the owner were upon the ground. Ow-

ing to the fact that farm work depends

entirely upon local conditions, farming

by telephone is at best unsatisfactory.

Because of that fact, the farm hand, ev-

en obeying the orders of his foreman,

which he is unlikely to do, does not al-

do the things which should be

done, that is the beginning of careless

inconsistent farming. Because the right

thing is not done at the right time; the

yields decrease. Gradually. interest is

lost. Things go from bad to worse. The

farm hand becomes even more irreSponsi-

ble than he was at ﬁrst. He looks to-

ward pay day while the owner looks to-

ward grain checks from the elevator.

The future of the farm is lost sight of

in the demand for greater proﬁts. So, in

order to obtain these proﬁts the farm is

faxed to its utmost while nothing is re-

turned to it. Such a system of cropping

is bound to eventually deplete the fertil-

ity of the soil to a point beyond redemp—

tion. .


So much for the hired man. Perhaps

the results are over-drawn, yet the effect

of renting is the same as that of hiring.

Mayhaps, the cash-renter does even more

toward the eventual depletion of the fer-

tility of many of our farms than does the

man who rents a farm on shares. The

interests of the ﬁrst are even more tem-

porary than those Of the second. ' Funda-

mentally, the system of cash renting is

wrong because it means soil robbery. It

is to the interest of the owner to get the

highest rental from his property. and it

is to best interests of the tenant to get

the largest returns from the farm at the

least outlay. Thus he naturally grows

those crops which pay the best. So he

disregards live stock husbandry, crop

rotations and indeed everything else

which, consistently used, would increase

the fertility of his farm, because the

utilization of such methods might curtail

his proﬁts. His watchword is large prof-

its not large yields. On the other hand.

the share-renter knows as far as yields

go. his interests are those of his em-

ployer. He, however, thinks it is to his

advantage to get a few good crops off the

farm. and then, as soon as the farm be-

comes “run” to move off. rather than by

consistent crop rotation and fertilization

to take the average return of several

fairly good crops. Though it is a mis-

taken idea, it is, nevertheless, very pre-

valent among tenants, and so by the suc-

cessive tenantry of that class thou-

sands of acres of once rich fertile Am-

erican farm land are being added to the

numberless abandoned farms of the Uni-

ted States, and whether the ﬁlling is done

by a hired man. -a share-renter or a

cash-renter. it is, as a rule, bound to

eventually result in a gradual depletion

of the fertility of our farm properties.


Ohio. CLYDE A. WAUGH.


CLIPPING THE MEADOW.


It is about time to clip the meadows

that have been seeded last spring. Es-

pecially where a crop of wheat has been

removed. By clipping quite early. weeds


are prevented from going to seed, and,


the young clover seems to thicken up


better, so it is not so‘ edéily,winter4killed.

In this section when new m‘eadows- are

not clipped, rag weeds generally spring

up in great abundance, especially in a.

wet season like last year. but it ener-

aliy pays to clip whether there are many

weeds or not, and too many farmers are

apt to neglect this part‘of farm work.

Ottawa Co. JOHN JACKSON.


LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.


The exceedingly dry weather was par-

tially broken by a splendid shower on

Sunday morning, August 17. Had the

ground been only ordinarily dry there

would have been sufﬁcient moisture to

have lasted for some time, but at the

present time, Wednesday, August 20, the

ground and crops begin to look as dry as

they were before that splendid shower,

only a few days ago. This, of course,

gives some ’conception of the extreme dry-

ness of the ground. It absorbs what lit--

tle water comes apparently without being

at all satisﬁed. The shower, however, did

good. There was enough moisture fell so

that it was a great: benefit. Sometimes

we have little showers, spatters of rain,

that come in dry, hot weather that-seem

to do as much' harm as they do good.

There is 'not enough to even wet the

dust, and falling on the dry, hot ground,

it evaporates at once. leaving the ground

seemingly in worse condition than before.‘

But our shower on the morning of the

17th was of sufﬁcient quantity to wet all

of the dry ground on top down to sub—

soil moisture in most places, especially on

cultivated ﬁelds. Where we were plow~

ing oat stubble that had been disked

thoroughly both ways, and it was just as

dry as a powder house on Saturday af-

ternoon, Monday morning when we began

plowing again the rain had soaked down

so that in' many places there was no dry

dirt at all. This ﬁeld was a. little bit

rolling and yet not a particle of rain ran

off, and it came down in torrents. The

ground being thoroughly disked was just

in shape to catch and hold every bit of

the moisture that came, though it came

in excessive quantities for the time. Corn

that wilted and its leaves rolled during

the, middle of the day have stood upright

and looked ﬁne ever since, but it is just

beginning new again to show the need of

more moisture. I was hopeful that this

shower would be followed soon by others

and that it would furnish a sufﬁcient

amount of moisture so that the new seed-

ing would come along ﬁne. Where we

just get a shower ,that even wets the

surface soil thoroughly and then it re-

mains dry for some length of time, the

young clover plant and grass do not seem

to receive much permanent beneﬁt. They

start a little bit and are refreshed, but

there isn’t moisture enough so that they

make a continued growth, and their pro-

gress is exceedingly slow.


Several years ago I built quite a large

summer feeding ﬂoor for hogs. This feed-

ing floor is 90 feet long and some 18 feet

wide with a cement trough on one side

towards the feeding alley. I thought this

would be just the thing for summer feed-

ing. Then we have “A" shaped pens for

shelter for the pigs. Now this works

very nicely in moderate weather, in the

.spring and fall, but when we have such

exceedingly hot weather as we have been

having this summer I don’t like it at all.

The ﬂoor gets hot. In the middle of the

day you can scarcely get ‘the pigs there

to eat at all it is so hot. The conse-

quence is that I am going to have shelter

over this. I have got enough of outdoor

feeding places. I want shelter over it so

that on an exceedingly hot day the pigs

"will come up and drink water at leisure.

Of course we don't usually have so much

hot weather as we haVe had in spells this

Summer, where the thermometer is Way

up in the nineties day after day. and

yet, of course, we are liable to have this

kind of weather any summer. Then, too,

we ﬁnd we want to use this feeding ﬂoor

earlier in the spring and later iii the fall

than we originally intended, and conse-

quently at both ends of the cold season

it would be. better if We had a roof over

it and had it enclosed. not necessarily

try to make it‘ warm enough for winter

quarters, but to protect from cold winds.

and in the ‘summer time to protect from

excessive heat, and I am positive from

the experience this summer that it would

be a good paying, investment to put a.

‘II‘OOf over this outside feeding ﬂoor.


One cheering fact connected with the

long destructive drought in Kansas and

other southwestern states is found in the

increase in silos, thousands being scat-

tered over Kansas and robbing the

drought of some of its terrors.
AUG. 30, 1913. ‘ .


SOME ALFALFA ' QUESTIONS.


Sowlng Alfalfa Deep with Graln Drlll.


Will Mr Lillie please report through

the Michigan Farmer the result of sowing

alfalfa deep with. a grain drill? Would

y0u advise that plan now?


Berrien Co. C. O. R.


There is a better and more vigorous

Stand of alfalfa where we turned the

spouts on the seeder so that the seed

would go into the wheat spouts on the

drill and be sowed as ordinary wheat or

oats, which would be much deeper. Pre-

vious to. that we had ﬁxed the spouts on

the seeder attachment so it would scatter

the seed ahead of the disks. Some places

it didn’t seem to come as well as it ought

to. Whether it was too deep or whether

the ground was too dry it is almost im-

possible to tell. In many places there is

almost a perfect stand of alfalfa, in every

row it stands thick. But some places it

didn’t come. as well as it ought to. yet

there is enough there so that there will

be a good stand of alfalfa, I am sure of

that. Where the seed all came it is many

times too thick. But where we distribut-

ed the alfalfa ahead of the disks there is

also a good stand of alfalfa. If it will

stand this drought until we get rain there

won’t be any question about it. It looks

green yet, but it makes very little growth.

If I was to seed the ﬁeld over again now

after having had this experience I would

put on a roller ahead of the drill, weight

the roller pretty well and roll it down, so

that the disks would not go quite so deep

on. the mellower places. This I believe

would be the best possible way to sow

alfalfa in mid-summer or in dry weather.

Is it Necessary to Inoculate for Alfalfa?


I am. taking the liberty of writing you

as an experienced alfalfa grower, asking

your opinion as to the necessity for in—

oculation to assure a good catch of seed—


ing. Some of our local farmers seem to

have an idea that inoculation is unneceS-

sary.


Otsego Co. .I. H. G.


While I do not think it absolutely nec-

essary to inoculate for alfalfa, I am of

the opinion that it invariably pays to do

so. If the land is good and fertile and in

good condition, or if it is made so by

good heavy application of commercial fer-

tilizer and stable manure, the alfalfa will

live until it becomes inoculated naturally.

In fact, if you have got good alfalfa land

and it is rich enough you can seed early

in the spring to alfalfa alone and get a

couple of good crops that same seas0n

without any inoculation. On the other

hand, if your land is not overly fertile the

alfalfa. makes slower growth without in-

oculation. If the soil is inoculated, on

land that doesn’t contain a good amount

of nitrogen the plant begins to use nitro-

gen from the amtosphere sooner.


On ordinary land I am of the opinion

that it will take from one to two years

longer to get alfalfa well established if

you do not inoculate than it will if you

do. I am also of the opinion that many

people who attempt to inoculate do not

get results. Many of the bacteria are

killed by being exposed to the direct rays

of the sun. People don’t seem to under-

stand the importance of this point sufﬁ-

ciently. The pure culture made for in-

oculating alfalfa is all right if it is only

used right. If you sow the seed on top

of the ground on a sunshiny day prac-

tically all of the bacteria are killed.


The Glue Method of Inoeulating Alfalfa.


Will you kindly tell me how to use the

soil and glue system for inoculation of

alfalfa? My ﬁeld was plowed the middle

of May; it was corn stubble. l—lave kept.

it well harrowed since and have added

260 lbs. of fertilizer to the acre. I now

have 20 acres of good alfalfa. This was

sowed without inoculation. I have raised

alfalfa for the past eight years. My trou-

ble is to keep it from running out. I

have had some big crops and some very


poor ones. I never sowed any as late as

this before. Do you consider the time all

0. K. with a proper seed bed? The soil


is a 15—acre rolling ﬁeld, some clay, grav-

el and sand.

W. M. S.


Wayne Co.

The glue method of inoculating al-

falfa consists in glueing some of the ﬁne


dust from an alfalfa ﬁeld to the alfalfa


seed. Go into your alfalfa ﬁeld and where

you ﬁnd the most vigorous stand dig

down and examine the roots. If you ﬁnd


the nodules of bacteria there then take

some of this soil. You don’t need very

much of it. A quart Or two of soil is

enough for a bushel of seed. Take this

soil and keep it away from the direct

sunlight, take it into the stable, into

rather a dark room. Dry it thoroughly.

Now, if the soil is coarse grained, that is,

'it is sand and the grains are coarSe

it will be necessary after this soil is dry

to take it on a smooth plank and take a

brick and rub it, so as to ﬁne it, make

it real ﬁne. If on the other hand, the

soil is of the clay character it probably

will be ﬁne enough without this grinding.

Now dissolve some gluevln warm water.

If you have only got a bushel of the seed


the hill,


\.

x


to inoculate-ﬁve cents worth of glue dlSr.

solved in a quart of warm Water will be

sufficient. After it is thoroughly dissolved

pour the water on the seed and thor-

oughly mix it so that every seed will be

moistened with the glue water. Then

take your real dry dust from the alfalfa

ﬁeld and mix it with this seed, thoroughly

mix it so that every seed has some ﬁne

particles of the dust sticking to it. Then

dry the seed. It won’t take very much

drying. Now some ﬁne-dust from this

alfalfa soil is glued to every seed and

every particle of that dust contains some

bacteria. You have got the bacteria right

where you grant them, on the seed. Now

sow the seed on a cloudy day, or put it

into a drill so that when it is deposited in

the ground it runs directly into the ground

and doesn‘t come in contact with the

direct sunshine. Then you will not have

your bacteria all deStroyed by the bright

rays of the sun.

Keeping Alfalfa from Running Out.


I am of the opinion that the only way

to keep alfalfa from running out is to

fertilize it with phosphoric acid and pot—

ash, and to harrow it with a spring-tooth

barrow. Early in the spring and directly

after each cutting harrow it with a good

spring-tooth harrow both ways, and treat

your alfalfa with 400 or 500 pounds of

phosphate and potash. Probably there is

no better time to sow than in the late

[summer where it is sown on a well pre-

pared seed bed. COLON C. LILLIE.


RED COB ENSILAGE CORN.


People now days, especially the farming

class, desired to be “shown.” and like

more or less proof of the assertions made

in regard to crops, and farming methods.

I was impressed with the short article in

the August 16 issue of this paper on

“Red Cob Ensilage Corn,” as to the pos-

sibility of its maturing in 90 days. I


hardly believe any variety of true ensilage

in favorable Weather,


corn could, even


mature in this time, but I do believe va-

rieties of ensilage corn can get to the

silage state in this length of time under

favorable conditions and upon good pro-

ductive soil in Michigan. The illustration

is of southern Illinois Red Cob Ensilage

Corn, planted on Gladwin county new

ground June 30, this season. Much of this

corn stands nine and ten feet high at this

date, August 18, has extremely broad

leaves and is a virtual “swamp” of for—

age, good to look at. Tassels and ears

have started and the crop bids fair. with

one month’s further growth, to make a

prize piece of ensilage corn. Our ﬁrst

killing frost occurred here September 27

last season so, even with earlier Septem-

ber frosts, a good crop is about assured.

I could have planted this two weeks ear-

lier as conditions were very favorable

here, but was engaged in breaking

ground and planting my regular ﬁeld corn.

This piece of corn at this time, owing to

stress of time, has had but one cultiva-

tion, still the whole ﬁeld appears alike

and is quite free of weeds. Seemingly the

weeds can’t grow in such dense shade as

this corn affords. The ground was thor-

oughly broken and pulverized, and being

quite rough, was planted with hand plant-

ers. Two to four kernels were planted to

the hills being about 18 to 24

inches apart in rows 38 inches apart.

Gladwin Co. G. A. RANDALL.


THE MICHIGAN FARMIER


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l
Modern Methods Of Pork Growmg


T0 Secure maximum proﬁts from

breeding and feeding hogs one must

work out a system of management

adapted to conditions at the present time.

In the good old days when the hog was

allowed to roam about, feeding upon the

mast and herbage of the woods, scant at-

tention was give-n to early maturity, pro-

liﬁcacy and strength of constitution. It

was not required of a hog that he be

ready for market until he had reached an

age of from one to two years. As to pro-

liﬁcacy, strength of constitution and abil-

ity to digest food—these qualities hadn't

been weakened by improper feeding and

too close conﬁnement .


Then came the period of heavy corn

feeding and small hog pens and yards.

The hog found himself crowded into a

tiny pen where his only function was to

eat and sleep. This seemed a good way

“at least for the time being. But dif~

ferentation accompanies development. No

problem in agriculture is ever quite set~

fled in a new country. “'e had hardly

began to realize the possibilities of dry—

lot feeding until the price of corn and

mill feeds began to rise. Simultaneously

with the rise in price of grain foods, hog

growers suddenly awakened to the fact

that other complications confronted them

as a result of corn feeding and close con-

ﬁnement. Lack of exercise and too much

heavy, heat producing food had severely

warped the constitutional vigor and de-

stroyed the proliﬁcacy of the breeding

stock. The strong, healthy developed

porker 0f the past had given way to the

short. dumpy, quick maturing youngster

developed to meet the demands of the

packers, but light of bone and weak of

heart, lungs and digestive capacity.


Now comes the demand for a more

rangy, better developed hog that will give

a carcass well marbled with fat and lean

meat. A new system of breeding and

feeding must be worked out to meet the

present conditions. Something cheaper

than corn must be foundwsomething. too,

that will restore and maintain the

strength of constitution and increase the

prolﬁcacy of the breeding stock. \Vhen

this new system is worked out and be-

comes more generally understood among

farmers hog growing will become an at-

tractive, proposition in many localities

where the squeal of the. swine is now

scarcely heard.


Pasture and Forage Crops.


This new step in the evolution of pork-

making depends upon the use of pasture

and forage crops in the growing of young

pigs and the development of breeding

stock. It is simply the adoption of old

methods under modern conditions. It pos-

sesses many advantages over dry-lot feed-

ing; inasmuch as it reduces the cost of

producing a pound of pork about 20 per

cent: it turns some of the libor required

in harvesting over to the hog; it guaran—

tees health among the swine and main-

tains a state of higher proliﬁcacy among

breeding stock than can ever be hoped

for in dry-lot methods: and distributes

the fertilizer out in the: ﬁeld all ready to

be plowed under to produce another crop.

The hog grower of the future. engaged in

pork growing as a business proposition

and not merely using hogs to scavenge

the feedlotS, must take cognizance of the

fact that young hogs up to the age of

five or six months need a growing. not a.

fatteniugrration, and that they need bulky

and succulent foods to properly develop

a strong digestion that will enable them

to make efficient use of their g"ain foods

when they are being finished for market.


The difficulties of maintaining breeding

swine in suitable condition on corn and

millfeeds has been manifest in this coun-

try for many years. But while grain feeds

Were cheap few farmers cared to fuss

with pastures and forage crops. The ten-

dency has been to neglect the natural

cravings of the hog for exercise and suc-

culent feeds, and accept as economic nec-

essities the decreased thrift and prolifi-

cacy. However. the high price of grain

foods and the decreased thrift and pro-

liﬁcacy of breeding stock has set many

hog growers to thinking. Slowly, but

surely, by these natural causes pasture

and forage crops have worked their way

into the‘favor of breeders and hog grow-

erS. It has proved of great value to the

breeding herds as well as the young grow-

ing animals. Fattening hogs can also

make highly proﬁtable use of a limited

amount of these feeds For sows. boars

and groWlng hogs the soothing, tonic ef-

fects of green feed and exercise obtained

whilegathering it help counteract the

tendency of continuous dry feeding to de-

press the body’s activities. The fatten-


ing hog on a full feed of grain does: not

live long enough to suffer from the bad

effects of his unnaturalIdlethhoweve'r, a

careful study of the following reports of

the Kansas, Nebraska and Missouri sta-

tions show that these green-and bulky

feeds have an important place in the

economy of conditioning a hog for the

market.

Better Gains Made on Pasture.


.At the Kansas station ten shoats were

pastured 98 days on an acre of rape. DUr-

ing that time they ate 3,231.4 pounds of

grain and gained 1,068.2 pounds in weight.

Here three pounds of grain made one

pound of gain. The rape- pasture did the

rest. At Nebraska it was found that

broOd sows after weaning the pigs made

eight per cent better gain on 23 per cent

less grain when pastured on alfalfa.


At the Missouri station Professor Wat-

ers found that in a 40 day feeding trial it

required 4.89 pounds of corn meal and

middlings to produce one pound of pork

in dry-lot feeding. When corn meal was

fed under similar conditions with the pigs

on rape pasture 4.41 pounds of grain made

one pound of gain. ‘Vith clover pasture

3.87 pounds of grain were needed to make

a pound of grain; and with alfalfa pas-

ture the quantity of grain was reduced to

3.43 pounds. Blue grass proved to be just

a trifle better than rape, requiring 0.4

pound less grain per pound than rape. At

the end of 40 days the rape. lot gave out

and the other lots continued another 62

days. Summaries for the entire 102 days

show that the following amounts of grain

were required for one pound of gain in

live weight: “’ith blue grass 4.31; clo-

ver 4.35; alfalfa 4.01 and without pasture

5.18.


Every experiment station in the coun-

try has endorsed pork production of pas-

ture and forage crops. Every practical

farmer who has set about the problem i11-

tclligently and kept a record of the cost

of feed and gains made by his hogs has

reached the conclusion that a system of

forage crops is indispensable to economic

pork production. The chief problem is

to work out systems of growing clover,

alfalfa, blue grass, cowpeas, soy beans,

and the like to rotate with corn and small

grains and help the farmer to grow the

bog of quality at less cost, and such ‘hogs

will be the market toppers regardless of

breed.


In planning a system of forage crops

one should not depend on any one crop.

The essential thing is to adapt a rotation

of the crops best suited to his farm to

provide an abundance of grazing at all

times during the season. By starting the

season with blue grass and rye, followed

with oats and peas. alfalfa, clover, cow-

peas, rape and the like he will have

plenty of green feed at all times and the

portion of the crops not consumed by the

hogs will make manure to be plowed down

on the land.


Grain ShOuld Supplement the Pasture.


Natural. then, and not strange, is it

that many men who have found out the

value of green forage as a pork producer

should go to extremes. As a sole ration

it is little more than a maintenance feed.

Pasture without grain is a far more ex-

pensive way of producing pork than grain

without pasture. The amount of grain to

feed hogs that have the run of these crops

must be regulated by circumstances. \Ve

hear many advocate growing the frame

on forage crops. and after the, corn is

ready ﬁniFh them for market. These men

claim that it does not pay to buy supple-

mental grain feeds, as it is possible to

grow a good frame on forage and pasture

crops. During favorable seasons one may

succeed in growing the pigs with no di-

rect cash outlay for millfeeds and very

little corn until the new crop comes. Such

pigs, it is needless to say. get into mar-

ket late in the winter and present a very

uncouth appearance. At about the time

the, prices break they are just beginning

to-get into condition to make good use of

the corn crop and the owner lays awake

nights wondering if he had better dump

the whole drove 011 the market and take

what he can get or ﬁnish them out and

take chances on an advance in prices .


The better class of hog growers have

learned that they can not make some-

thing ‘out of nothing; that they cannot

grow good pigs without feed enough to

keep them growing steadily. They have

found out that by feeding reasonable

quantities of supplemental foods along

with the forage crops they can grow and

develop a better frame and carcass at

less cost per pound of ﬁnished hog than

it is possible to do by feeding semi-star-

vation rations in order to grow a cheap


THE MICHIGAN FARMER


Of courSe TE.


frame to ﬁnish with corn..

costs more to develop, a. strong and vig-

orous feeder, but this .does’ not prove that

the plan is not better. If we Withheld

the feed’ from a dairy cow her ﬂow of

_milk immediately shrinks. Men who per-

sist in withholding protein feed from

growing pigs suffer just as great a loss.

but they do not .have a shrink in the milk

flow to ‘drawtheir attention so quickly.

The whole practice of half—feeding a. pig


; to build up a frame is based on ignorance


of the principles that underlie proﬁtable

pig feeding. The efﬁciency of the bal-

anced ration, the losses and checks in

growth during the summer drouth, when

forage dries up are not taken into consid-

oration by the men who practice this

method of cheap frame building. Their

chief aim is to raise as many pigs as pos-

Sible by breeding young sows at six or

eight months of age, keep them for prac—

tically nothing during the summer, feed

them the whole of the corn crop and fig-

ure the pile of money they bring net

proﬁt.


\‘Vhether feeding fattening hogs, breed-

ing stock or pigs that are being déveloped

for breeding purposes the forage crops

should be supplemented with some- grain

foods. This balances the feed and helps

to prevent an abnormal deVelopment of

the stomach and intestines at the ex-

pense of other more desirable develop-

ment. The grass-fed hog, like the whey-

fed, pot-bellied calf, is an example of

slow growth and poor development. We

should avoid extremes in feeding 'hogS. It

does the breeding stock and young pigs

good to rustle and develop stamina, but

this does not mean that they should be

compelled to subsiSt on a semi-starvation

ration. One extreme is as bad as the

other. We must have a proper relatiOn

between the protein and carbohydrates

as Well as between the bulky and con-

centrated feeds if we obtain the best

growth and development the pigs are

capable of making. and maintain a high

degree Of vigor and proliﬁcacy among the

breeding stock. “'here an abundance of

forace is available it is sometimes ad-

vantageous to feed bulk and protein in

some excess than to increase the cost of

the ration by securing expensive concen-

trated foods to make up a strictly bal-

anced ration. The essential thing to bear

in mind is that under present conditions

there is no method of producing pork or

maintaining breeding stock and growing

pigs which in cheapness and economy can

c01npare with the pasture and forage

system


New York. W. MILTON KELLY.

FEED THE-- HAY AND STRAW ON THE


FARM.


The possibility of raising a little ready

money at times is often a great tempta-

tion for farmers to sell their hay and

sometimes the straw. It is a mighty

poor practice whether one owns the- farm

or is working it on a lease. The practice

not only robs the farm of large quantities

of fertility but the farmer of a greater

source of proﬁt 'if he utilized it for feed.


The best and eventually most proﬁt-

able market for selling the hay is to live

stock kept on the farm. While it may

keep the money tied up slightly longer

the additional profit is very remunerative

interest. V’Vhen fed to live stock it is

sold just the same, but in the form of

milk products, young stock or increase

in weight, and the manure is left on the

farm.


The average yield of hay might be ﬁg-

ured at two tons to the acre. If a rather

high price of $15 a ton was received for

it, the income would be $30. Deduct the

expense of harveStlng and marketing this

and the actual proﬁt is small. Soil that

produces two tons of bay to the acre

generally will raise 200 bushels of pota-

toes. At 50 cents a bushel these would

sell for $100. The potatoes removed from

the soil will not take away as much fer-

tility as the hay, but the selling price

would be enough greater so that one

could afford to replace the fertility by

the application of commercial fertilizers.


It is unwise business policy to sell hay

or straw and then buy fertilizer to pro-

duce good crops. No farmer would think

of selling butter at 25 cents a, pound from

his dairy and then buying a supply for

his home at 35 cents a pound. If he could

sell all his' butter at 35 cents a pound

and then be able to buy a supply of just

as good butter for his home at 25 cents

a pound, it would be a different matter.

A farmer who sells his hay is doing what

the farmer did who sold butter at a.

cheap price‘ and paid for that for his

own use. It is the opposite with 'mOney

crops such as garden truck ,Or ,vegetables.


; AUG. so, 1913.


{7721”, ‘ TV-


By ‘keepfng and feedfiig' the pay on the

farm, as w'éll as the straw, larg‘e quanti-


‘ties of manure can be produced. This


will make it possible to convert the hay


into as much mOney as if it was sold di- .


rectly, and the fertility will be returned

to the land in the manure. Because of

the' humus matter furnished in manure

this has a greater fertilizing value than

the fertility in commercial fertilizer.

Many renters cannot see where they

are the losers when they sell hay. While

the permanent improvement to the farm

resulting from utilizing all hay and straw

may not ‘beneﬁt them directly, they gen-

erally can turn it to greater proﬁt by

feeding it to their stock. When they sell

it they are robbing not only the land

owners but themselves as well,

Pennsylvania. L. J. HAYNES.


lNFLAMMATION CAUSESTmOM CAS-

TRATING PIGS.


I would like Mr. Lillie’ 5 advice on what

to do for my pigs. They have just been

castrated a. few days ago and one is go-

ing wrong. It is badly swollen and seems

Stiff and lame; has no appetite. They

are abOut three months old and have

been kept in a roomy- stable but have

now turned them into .a lot. The trouble

came on suddenly. They all seemed

healthy and hearty as usual in the morn-

ing. At noon this one would not get up

or eat and seems to be getting worse. I

feed them a slop composed of skim milk,

boiled potatoes and middlings. I imagine

the trouble is caused by germs that may

be lurking in the stable.


Allegan Co J. D. M.


I am not a veterinarian and am not

qualiﬁed to speak on a case like this, ex-

cept from What experience I have had

with my own hogs. Castration is a very

simple matter. Usually no harm comes

from it, but once in a While if the pig is

out of condition, or if the weather is ex-

tremely bad you may get inflammation

there which will cause death. I have had

this occur once in a great while. The

older the pig is before he is castrated. of

course, the more severe the wound. the

greater the shock, and the more liable

the inflammation which will cause dam-

age. If the pigs are castrated when they

are two or three weeks old they scarcely

notice the operation. Even then. if the

pig is not absolutely healthv this wound

may cause inﬂammation which might. be.

serious. I am inclined to think that is

all there is in the case. Simply the hot

weather or the pig was a little out of

condition when he was castrated, and it

has caused inﬂammation and perhaps

blood poisoning and it may be fatal, and

again the pig may recover. About all one

can do is to put on an antiseptic solution.

there is nothing better than some form

of sheep dip. In fact it is a good plan to

use some sheep dip when the pi re

castrated, especially if the weather is a.

little hot. If perchance, the pigs get a.

little large and the weather is hot when

we perform this operation we always

have some sheep dip in a large spring-

bottom oil can, and then just as soon as

the operation of castration is performed

some of the sheep dip is squirted into the

wound. I am sure this is a good thing.

Now if this pig was mine I would make

liberal and frequent applications of sheep

dip on this swelling. I don’t believe you

could get anything any better, and this

is about the only way I would know of

treating it. Of course, I realize that one

does not like to call-‘a veterinarian in a.

case like this, because the veterinarian's

fees would be almost as much as the pig

is worth, and in most cases it will not be

necessary to do so. COLON C. LILLIE.


REPAfm—NE A sTAVE SILO.


E. A. N.,yof Livingston county, asks

what to do' for his staVe silo that has

holes in the sides and Mr. Lillie tells him

to plaster them up with cement. I would

suggest that you use pulp plaster. It is

very tedious to try to plaster up holes

with cement as it sags and does not ad-

here to top of hole, leaving an air hole

and then wood will dry away from ce-

ment. Cement does not readily stick to

anything, while pulp plaster will readily

stick to almost anything. The 1umbe1"

should be wet before plastering with pulp,

or cement either for that matter.


\K'hen ﬁlling your silo, wet up a teacup

of pulp plaster and plaster around the

edge of each door, using an Old discarded

case knife for a trowel and see what a

nice tight job it makes.


Cass Co. F. E. SMITH.


Horse market has been overloaded with

a lot of mediocre quality classes and low-

est prices of the summer prevailed. Choice

big drafters and smooth chunks were only

kinds which had fair demand. A few se-

lected heavy drafters went up to $250@

276 and common to fair at $150@1‘85. Best

feeders made $200@260 while- poor to good

farm workers brought $75@190.


«‘4
.‘A


we. so, 1913.


FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.


, Pasturlng Millet. ' ..

I have a. ﬁeld of millet that never got

large enough to‘ cut. Is it a. safe pasture

for cattle and horses? -

Oakland Co. H. M. S.

No injurious effects should follow pas-

turing millet with cattle or even horses

until the seeds get well formed. When

in that state, howeVer, horses should not

be pastured upon it, but it may be pas-

tured with other stock without bad re-

sults, providing other forage is available

at the same time. That is, if pastured

part of the day on millet and part of the

day on grass pasture, better results would

be secured than if this were made the

sole roughage available.


LIVE STOCK NEWS.


Hogs continue to sell at very much

higher prices than those paid in most

former years, in spite of the recent slump

in prices under heavy supplies, and this

is particularly true of the better class of

corn fed hogs of light and middling

weights, these being prime favorites with

killers everywhere. The worst feature of

the hog trade is the persistent liberal

marketing of thin, grassy sows, which

comprise a great share of the daily of-

ferings in the Chicago stock yards. Pack-

ers do not want them and buy them only

at extremely large discounts from prices

paid readily for good lots of swine.


According to O. A. Parks, of Casper,

Wyoming, the heaviest movement of sheep

and lambs out of \Vyoming this autumn

will probably take place during Septem-

ber. It is probable that shipments will

be made a little earlier than usual, as

grass is luxuriant, and ﬂocks are putting

on fat rapidly. Colorado sheepmen are

scouring Wyoming, looking for lambs for

feeding, and more contracts have been

made for range feeding ﬂocks than in

corresponding periods for several years.

Most of these Colorado feeders made sub-

stantial proﬁts during the feeding season

of 1912-13, which probably explains their

eagerness to engage in the, business once

more. ThcAgl‘eater part of these con-

tracts call for October delivery. Mr.

Parks says the lamb crop this year will

be- well up to the average in size and con-

ditiOn. Lambing percentages the last

spring were generally satisfactory,‘run-

ning from 70 to 75 per cent, and it is

even pOSsible to locate ewe (locks that do

not contain a single dry ewe.


NebraSka is coming to the front as a

cattle grower at a period when the need-

of producing more beef in this country is

greater than ever before. In 14 out of 92

counties in that state that were reported

this year 222,842 more cattle were held

than last year, an increase of 22 per cent.

The number of cattle in the territory

covered by the agricultural board’s re-

ports was 984.190 in 1912 and 1,207,032 in

1913. Large gains were shown in the ex—

treme northweSt and southeast counties.

This points to a revival of cattle growing

endeavors in both the range and corn

growing sections of Nebraska, and it is

certainly an encouraging omen for the

beef industry.


Hundreds of farmers living in the cen-

tral western states are extremely desirous

of buying ﬂocks of good range feeding

lambs, but it looks as though most of

them would get left, for most of the

lambs shipped to market are fat, the

feeder percentage being very small, and

theSe bring high prices. .


Cattlemen occupying ranges in Stand-

ing Rock reservation in South Dakota

say that the range is in good shape and

that thousands of good range steers will

be shipped to market this fall. Mexican

bred cattle which went on the range 15

to 18 months ago are doing ﬁnely, as evi-

denced by a shipment of good Mexicans

to Chicago a short time ago. Prairie

ﬁres, rather than range conditions. have

been bothering cattlemen recently, but

the ﬁres extended over a comparatively

small territory, and the greater part of

the range was not affected.


Eggs have been coming on the Chicago

market with a rush that is characteris-

tic of the spring of the year, and in ad—

dition to enormous sales for immediate

consumption, large numbers of cases are

being placed in cold storage warehouses,

to be 'held there until eggs become scarce

and dear in price. The recent report on

the increased cost of living issued by the

United States Department of Agriculture

states that after making a thorough in—

Vestigation of the cold storage business

and of the movements of food prices in

the last 30 years, it is apparent that the

contention of the cold storage interests

that cold storage has counted for uni-

formity of prices is largely true, but it

is not true for all commodities, nor for

all comparisons and periods of years.


The Chicago Sheep and lamb market

has ﬂuctuated far more than ordinarily

in recent weeks, with greatly excessive

offerings at times bringing about sensa-

tional declines in prices, followed by mea-

ger offerings and rallies in values. While

the large crop of southern spring lambs

is being shipped to Chicago and other

markets sheepmen should use unusual

caution in selecting a time for marketing

their holdings, and where the number of

sheep or lambs owned is particularly large

it is much safer to divide shipments up

so as to have them on the market on dif-

ferent days instead of trusting to ’luck

and having them there all at one time.

The Tennessee and Kentucky spring

lambs are expected to be marketed up to

the close of July. The spring lambs from

Idaho and other remote sheep regions are

marketed as yet sparingly. but there is

a. large crop, and later supplies are ex-

pected to be liberal, but the outlook for

any considerable percentage of feeder

lambs is very poor. -


THETM'ICH'IGAN FARMER 5—169—


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SI LO QU ESTIONS.


I am going to build a silo 14x30 ft., and

eight feet in the ground. Which will

make the best silo, to have a mason lay

it all up out of stone, or have it built

with concrete and put in all the stone

that you could with forms and put rod

iIon around in the center of the wall?

Vi ould like advise from someone who has

had some experience with stone or ce-

ment silos. How small a number of cat—

tle can be fed out of a 14—ft. silo and

have the silage good? Does a silo need

a drain? R. W. R.


I do not think it will make any differ-

ence whether you build a silo out of stone

or whether you build it out of concrete.

I would build it out of the material that

I could provide the cheapest. either of

the materials mentioned will make a good

silo. There is no criticism about a stone

silo only the first cost. You will ﬁnd out

that it takes a whole lot of work to build

a stone silo 30 feet high. It costs to ele-

vate the material up so high. It also

costs to elevate the cement, but undoubt-

edly you crm elevate the concrete cheaper

than you can the stone. Of course. if you

build a derrick or a gin pole so that you

can do all this elevating with a horse,

why it will lcSSen the expense very much.

I am inclined to think that you could

build the silo of concrete so much more

cheaply that this would be the most

practical. As you say, you could use :1

number of small stones in the forms

with tho concretc, which would take the

place of {1 large amount of cement.

\ththcr you build concrete or Stone you

have got to plaster it on the inside with

good rich mortar. and whether you build

it of concrete or stone you ought to rein—

force it with irmI rods or iron wire. Don't

ever build a circular Stone Silo or :1 cir-

cular ccmcnt silo without rc-ian’Ircing

with some kind of iron. If you have :1

lot of old barb wire that you want to get

rid of this is just a good place to put it.

You can cut it up in lengths four or ﬁve

feet long so that you can handle it and

have thcm lap, and put in a layer of these

say every foot in height and it will keep

your wall from cracking. You will make

a mistakc if you build a concrete or a

stone wall now days without reinforcing

with some kind of iron. Of course, we

didn’t use to know this. It is surprising

how little we uSed to know, and in fact.

it is surprising how little we know now

when we get right down and think about

it. Any old pieces of iron rod, chain. or

burl) wire thrown into a stone wall or {I

cement wall is really necessary to pre-

vent that wall from cracking, and keep—

ing it in good shape and making a per-

manent job out of it.


You can use a silo 14 feet in diameter

with 14 cows, in very good shape. It:

would be better if the silo was only 12

feet in diameter. but I don’t think yOu

will have a. v difﬁculty with one 14 feet

in diameter. _


A silo does not need a drain. There is

nothing that ought to be drained away

from the silo. Of course, I wouldn’t want

to put a silo on real wet ground because

when it was empty where it goes into the

ground eight feet moisture from the out-


side will seep through and every time

when you ﬁll the silo you have to bale

out this water. Of course, this doesn't


{Inmunt to very much.

all right. but when


silage then there won't any water get

into it. There is pressure enough on the

inside so that water from the outside-

cannot get in, and there is really nothing

to drain awny. If the corn is put in when

it is properly matured it will absorb prac-

tically all of the moisture and there will

be no surplus water. Sometimes if put

‘in 100 green, it having been cut by the

frost or something“ of that sort, there is


and it can be done

your silo is full of


juice that runs away, but it will do no

harm if you leave this in the silo.


FILLING .SILO ON TOP OF OLD EN-

SILAGE.


V‘Vould you tell me if some of last year's

ensilage can be left in the silo and this

\ear’s crop of corn put on top? I have

about four feet of good Silage that I sav-


ed fOr summer feeding but pasture is

good so I really do not need it now but

would like to have it in the silo if it

would be all right. 'J '0 'd


It is perfectly practical, where one has

a quantity of old silage left over that he

does need, to clean the top off of all de-

cayed ensilage down to good fresh, sound

ensi-lage and then ﬁll in with new corn


cob just as though there was nothing in

the silo. This has been tried many times

and has proven successful so far as I

know in every intance. I have tried it

two or three times myself, having silage

left OVer. Only last year we did not use

up all of our silage but had one silo over

one-third full of old ensilage. When it

came time for ﬁlling last fall we cleaned

it of all decayed ensilage

in, and then fed that ensilage out this

past winter. It was just as good as it

was the ﬁrst winter. I also know of sev-

eral farmers who have passed through

like experience, and there isn't any ques-

tion but what it is entirely practical.


COW DOES NOT DRY UP.


I have a cow that is coming in in a

Short time. She is good and fat but she

did not dryup; she is giving three or

four quarts of milk to a milking. Do you

think she will be as good as if she had

dried up?


Delta Co. I. C.


It probably would have been better if

you had dried up your cow so long as to

give her about six weeks or two months

vacation, but as long as she is a persist-

ent milker and you haven’t dried her up

the only thing to do is to feed her well

and milk her right along. “'6 like to dry

cows up for a short period, three or four

weeks anyway, but sometimes we donot

and milk them right along. They do

nearly as well When they come freSh as

though they had gone dry for a while.


LIVE STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION

SENDS CAR LOAD OF DAIRY

CATTLE BACK TO OHIO.


It has been a well known fact among

breeders of pure-bred cattle and dairymen

of Michigan that spcculnim‘s from out of

the state were shipping car loads of cat—

tle into Michigan for breeding and dairy

purposes, and Selling them at auction and


at private sale without complying with

the stale laws and ﬁling a certiﬁcate of

health with the presidcnt of the Live

Stock SIInituI‘y Commission, supplying one

to the railroads carrying the cattlc, and

giving one to the puI‘cthSer. The law


reads plainly that a tuberculin test shall

have been made within 60 days of ship—


mcnt of cattle by a competent veterinar—

ian, who is :1 graduate of {1 veterinary

college in the United States, Canada or


Eumpe and tuberculin test charts made

out in triplicate as stated above.


Recently II. II, I-llelidaIy, presidcnt of

thc. Live Stock Commission, chanced to

be in Goldwater and heard that, o. cattle


dealer from Ohio was holding an auction

sale of 26 head of grade dairy cattle at

a livery barn. Mr. Halladay went around

to the sale, joined the crowd and com-

menced to bid and ask questions. He

soon learned that none of these Cattle had

been tuberculin teSted and were being

sold contrary to law. He stopped the

sale at once and gave the dealer his

choice, either to load the cattle and ship

them back to Ohio or face immediate ar-

rest. The cattle were soon loaded and on

their way back to Ohio and the dealer

warned not to repeat his offence.


Last week W. R. Harper, secretary of

the commission, quarantined a carioad of

grade heifers in Berrien county. These

heifers had been purchaSed from an Indi-

ana. dealer and were shipped into Michi-

gain on June 26. About ten days after

their arrival one heifer died with what

probably was tuberculosis, While another

heifer is badly emaciated and has the ap—

pcarance of being in the last stages of

the disease. These cattle will be care-

fully tuberculin tested in the near future

and all the diseased animals destroyed.


Another young farmer residing in one

of our goad southern Michigan counties

decided that he would start a herd of

registered Holsteins and went to Ohio

last November and paid $1,600 for ten

head of cows and heifers. He had them

tuberculin tested in April and five head

proved diseased and he had kept no oth-

er cattle on his farm during the winter

from which they could have gotten an

infection.


Still another young farmer bought a

registered Guernsey cow in March that

was shipped into Michigan from New

York a year or so ago. This cow's labor-

ed breathing caused her new owner to

become suspicious and he had her tuber-

culin tested about four months after her

purchase, and she also prOVed tubercular

and when she was slaughtered, a post

mortem showed her to be in the last

stages of the disease, being a generalized

case of tuberculosis. Mr. Halladay and

Mr. Harper have decided that from now

on the law relative to the importation of

cattle into. Michigan for breeding or dairy

purposes will be rigidly enforced and cer-

tlﬂcates of health of every Iinimal must


and ﬁlled'


AUG. 30. 1913.


_—


be ﬁled with Mr. Halladay, president of

the commission, before cattle will' be al-

lowed to enter the state for any other

purpose than slaughter or stockers and

"feeders. These gentlemen believe that

our reliable Michigan pure-bred cattle

breeders and dairymen are entitled to this

protection, and they respectfully ask all

persons in any way interested in the

dairy or cattle interests of the state of

Michigan to co-operate with them in en-

forcing this law. Honest and reliablc

pure-bred cattle breeders and dairymen

will be given every assistance and con-

sideration by the Live Stock Sanitary

Commission, but the speculator and deal-

er in questionable cattle will do well to

take warning, as prosecutions will be

started agaiIISt railroads and speculators

violating the Michigan live- stock laws

wherever sufﬁcient evidence can be ob-

tained.~VV. R. Harper, Secretary Live

Stock Sanitary Commission.


WARNING AS TO CARE OF MILK IN

THE HOME.


No matter how carefully milk is band-

led between the farm and the home, or in

how pure 3 state it is delivered at the

domestic ice box, it quickly can become

an undesirable food if carelessly handled

in the home, according to the specialists

of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Milk that is left for only a short time

in summer heat may become unfit for use.


Milk will quickly become contaminated

when exposed to the air, or when placed

in unclean vcsScls. Though some bacte—

ria are always present. even in the best

gradcs of fresh milk, they are generally

harmless provided their numbers are

small and they are not of the disease

producing type; but milk muSt be kept

cool to prevent the bacteria already in it,

and which may get in it by accident,

from multiplying.r to a point where the

milk is undesirable. Producers and deal-

ers have done their duty if ihcy have left

at the door :1 bottle of clean. cold, un-

adulterated milk free from the bacteria.

which cause disease. The consumer muSt

lhcn do his part if he wants clean,

wholesome milk for himself and his family.


Milk should be taken into the house and

put in the refrigerator as soon after de-

livcry as possible. This is particularly

necessary in hot weather. If it is impos-

sible to have the bottle of milk put im-

mediately in the refrigerator, provide on

the porch a box containing a lump of ice.

In planning a house, arrange to have the

refrigerator set in the wall with an open-

ing on the outside. It is always possible

to provide locks for these boxes or re-

frigerator doors, and supply the milkman

with one key; The interior of the food

compartment should be wiped every day

with a clean cloth. and thoroughly scald-

ed as often as once a week. Under no

circumstances should the drain-pipe of

an ice-box be connected with :1 sewor.


The milk should be kept in the original

bottle, and the bottle left in the refrig-

erator until needed. Before use, the neck

of the bottle and the cap should be wash-

ed and then carefully wiped wth a clean

cloth before the cap is removed. Remove

the cap with a sharp-pointed instrument,

so as not to push the cap down into the

milk. Once a bottle is opened, it should

be 'kept covered. both to keep out dirt and

bacteria and to prevent absorption or un-

desirable odors. The original cap should

not be replaced. Instead, place an invert-

ed cup or tumbler on the top of the bot-

tle. The milk should be used from the

bottle as needed and any unused milk

should not be returned to the bottle after"

having bcen poured into another vessel.

Do not let milk stand in II warm room on

the table any longer than is necessary.

Do not place milk in a refrigerator com-

partment with onions 01' other food hav-

ing a strong odor.


Before returning the bottles to the milk-

Inan, quh them first in cold water and

then in warm water. Do not use milk

bottles for holding vinegar, kerosene, or

other substances than milk. Never take

milk bottles into a sick room, because

infectious diseases can be spread through

a milk bottle returned to the farm and

delivered to some other home. This is a

civic duty that everyone owes to his

neighbors. If there is a case of typhoid

fever, or other serious communicable dis-

ease in the house, the fairest thing to do

for one’s neighbor is to provide one's own

clean bottles or covered dishes into which

the milkman can pour the milk from his

bottle. If bottles are left in such a home.

the milkman should not allowed to col—

lect them again until have been

properly disinfected "by the Board of

Health. At any rate, if there is a serious

sickness in the home, all milk bottles

should be boiled before being sent out of

the house.
AUG. so, im. , THAEIIMICHI-GAN FARMER " 7—171


«lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllll|||Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllé _ I

Practical Science. ‘il


a;ImummlmlInullmlnmllmnlIn"II!"I"WIN"I"""""""l”“'""""””"""""””"”WE Tire P rices D 0 W"


SODIUM SALTS IN THEIR RELATION

TO SOIL FERTILITY.


.. w. . Now. the Costliest Tires —No - Rim -Cut Tires

chifneistr?lllaiigdtgrgrgtgiiessinupdfrtllcl: tSZ: . , Cast You No More Than Others


essity for the balancing of what was

known as the famous tripod of agricul-

ture—the elements nitrogen, phosphoric

acid and potash. Experimenters have

from time to time for a great many years


llllllllllllllllllllE


endeavored to break “1’ this idea 0f the A Goodyear No-Rim-Cut tires used to cost they are ﬁnal-vulcanized on air bags shaped like

necessity for these three elements and inner tubes


art' larl the necessity for the use of ' ' ’ . ‘ . . .

30mg: Y one-fifth more than other standard tires That’s to save wrinkling the fabric.


It is known that an element found in The reasons are told below. All other tires are vulcanized on iron cores alone.

some considerable quantity in plants is . .

sodium, an alkaline material analogous The fabric often buckles. And that buckled fabric —


These tires, despite that extra cost, came


in almost all particulars to potash. It leads to countless blow-outs.


has seemed rational to assume therefore ~ . . .

y t r. ut u - 9’

that perhaps such an alkali as closely re_ to outsell any othe As our outp grew This. On Air Cure, which we alone employ, adds .

sembling.‘ potash in all its properties as the cost came down. to our two cost $1,500 per day.

- does SOdlUm could be substituted for pc-

tassium in fertilizers. Soda can be'pur— .

chased for a nOminal ﬁgure compared with Now you pay no more for .No-Rim-Cut Save Loose Treads

that WhiCh is Charged fOr DOtaSh’ conse- ° ' ' We use another costl method to revent trea

quenuy if it Could be substituted for pot, tires than for any other standard tire. Yet 3’ p d


ash it is plainly seen that it would be an separation. The rights to it cost us $50,000.

item of great economic importance. Ex-

perimental evidence has pointed over-


Whelmingly and in no uncertain manner R. . 7 ' through the loosening of the treads. NO other tire

lm-Cutting Ended


t0 the fa“ that Plants 00““ “Ct use 3003 in the world employs the effective method we use to

to the exclusion of potash. Curiously


notice what you get.

Millions of dollars have been lost to tire users


enough, however- there has been. very You save in these tires all the ruin of rim-cutting. combat lt'


little experimental evidence on the possi— , . '


bility of the use of smaller quantities of And that S an enormous Item. . Yet N0 EXtra Prlce

potassium and relatively high quantities We had public accountants lately gather statistics. You get all these savings in NO-Rim-Cut tires.

of soda. It would seem perhaps at ﬁrst _


instance that there were no need for They examined thousands All these features used by

assuming this possibility but physiological of ruined clincher tires— no one else. Yet no other


chemistry as applied to animals has giv~

en us new light on these points. We the old-type hooked-base

know, for example. that there is a mini- tires. And they found

nrlum amount of protein which may be that 31.8 per cent had

given to an animal in a maintenance ra-

tion. In other words, protein is abso- been discarded for rim-

lutely essential to the animal growth. In

the same way potash is absolutely essen-

tial to plant growth and there is in an

analogous way, with possibly every plant a

point which marks the lowest amount of three.

potash which can be applied to secure

satisfactory growth.


In animal nutrition it has been found bya costly method which

that certain of the less complex nitrogen

compounds, which we may call theamido


standard tire today costs

less than NO - Rim ~ Cut

tires.


The reasons are mam-

moth output, new facto-


cutting only.


That's almost one in fies, new equipment. In


one item alone—in over-

No-Rim-Cut tires,made head cost—we have saved

24 per cent.


we control, end that loss Another reason is that


compounds while having no direct nour- completely. That we . we keep our proﬁts within


ishing values when used alone in the ra- guarantee. 8% per cent.


tion, do, however, have decided values


when applied as a supplement to the pro- . GOOD R Judge for yourself if


tein in the ration. In other words. gela- . .


tin in a ration is valuable as n supple- save BlOW- AKRQNLQHIO hr” lacking these features


ment to lean meat or white of egg. . . are worth the Goodyear

It seems possible that soda in its rela- OUtS NO-le-Cut Tlres rice


tion torplant nutrition may hold some- p '


What the same DOSiti‘m toward DOtQSh as I / We give these tires the With or Without Non-Skid Treads Our dealers are every-


gelatin and other amido bodies occupy in 11 . ,, , ‘~


their relation to proteid nutrition. On-Air Cure. That Is. where.


So far as we are able to note the only

station which has made any investiga-

.1... of .1... summemy value of .0... THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, AKRON, OHIO

um is the Rhodc Island Station, and in Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities More Service Stations Than Any Other Tire


bulletin 153’ Dr. Hartwell and MI“ W95" We Make All Kinds of Rubber Tires, Tire Accessories and Repair Outfits


sels detail the results of experiments on . . . . .

this point. Some of the conclusions of Main Canadian Office, Toronto, Ont.— Canadian Factory, Bowmanvdle, Ont.


this investigation are interesting, for ex-


ample:

"The resolts with onions in a single 7mm“. 4.1m: yms- .-. W)

year showed that the addition of the full i 0 SP“ Arﬁﬁ . .2' __

+ ration of sodium to the full ration Of w - A manure spreader$

potassium affeCted umformly neither the Where the use Of Rock Phosphate has paid: .)At Pennsylvania ' ' ' "


size Of the crop nor the percentage of

total and reducing sugars. Furthermore, to“ 0

although in the presence Of the full ra- Daybrea

tion Of sodium, the reduction in the ROCk. Phosphate

amount Of potassium to one-half and

one-fourth rations resulted in successive

decreases in the crop but did not change

the percentage of sugar."


“Mangel wurzels from certain of the

crops were analyzed each year from 1907


’ State College $1. 05 invested in Rock Phosphate gave in- PflCES-SIdSIIéd!

" ”its, creased yields valued at $5. 85—over 500%. At the " '


. Marygmd Experiment Station $1. 96/ worth of My 101;' direcst- -from- factory prices will

"out.“ ock hos hate av in save you 25 to 50. My rices on complete

Pl dp g e creased crop yields Spreaders. $64 75 to $79 50 pAttachments only


va ue at $22.11—over I,ooo%. At $39 50 up. Think of it! Prices never before


Ohio Agricultural Experiment equaled Lo est ever made! write today—act

«., Station each dollar invested quick. Theses ecialprices goodror60days only.

- . 30 Days’ Free Trial


"1 R:°:rpl;iipehlafte 5:3 Backed by a, $25 000 legal


'1111.nd Five year warranty.

g a V e $ 5 ‘ 6 8 40 000 Galloway spreaders now in

I -- clear proﬁt.


of 260 pounds of

phorus; suﬁicient to supply'”-» . ~.

an acre of land with this element pi

for the production of 15 one hundred- ' _‘ ;_ ,

bushel crops Of corn. Since most soils"'*‘ _ 7..

. . in the Central and Eastern states are already ”-1“


to 1910' The yleld °.f thls cmp Showed as deﬁcient' m Phosphorus we advise the use of 1,000 “"

a “He that even “nth the full ration Of pounds of Rock Phosphate per acre once in each four ' . _

SOdium’ the quarter ration 0f DOtaSSlum years. The cost of this application will be about $1. 00


was “Qt sumoient for maXimum grOWth' acre per year. Write us forfurtherinformation and for Cprices.

A reduction from the full to the quarter on this paper.


ration of sodium in connection with the "W E‘Q‘w’ﬁ‘" "W“

quarter ration of potassium usually de- FRE ER

preSSed the yielc.”


These conclusions substantiate what we.

have discuSSed above in the value of soda

in the ration. This evidence is not with-

out value because it has boon customary

in certain cases of nitrogen manuring to

uSe the soda salts of nitrogen, and con-

sequently if the soda does have a certain

supplementing inﬂuence, it increases by

that amount the value of the soda salt

used.


Other than this point shown in the con-

clusion above there does not seem to be

any marked value in the uSe of soda sup-

plementlng potash in the fertilizer. .. - _. _


i use. Proved best by actual to".

Get my catalog and special 1913

offer and lowest special prices.

I WRITE TODAY—ACTH NOW!


WILLIAM GALLOWAY 60.

'39 Galloway Suuon (449) Waterloo, lav...)


DoYour Own Shredding

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W'A War V.


A‘.


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SOLD OII TRIAL


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Made for farmer's own use: only 6 to 8 H. P. re

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10 to 20 H. P. 18 years in the ﬁeld. Shredded corn

lodderls natural food. Will keep cattle in healthfulcondiilon

Write for catalog. State how many horse power you use

BOSEIITIIAL c111 HUSKEB 60.. 811 2.111111111... VII:


We also make Rosenthal Feed Cutters and Silo Fillers


Tile Your Farm!


Don’t put it of! any

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land t at is not thor-

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dichtile trenches. Work in any soil. The price

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more to tile. Write or full information.


The Iccollko Mfg. Co. Box 111 Bollcvuc, Ohio

4


in principle, quality Of steel and grade

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liar-11m
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION ,


97w FARM BOY

an? GIRL


SCIENTIFIC an?


MECHANICAL


r


This Magazine Section toms a part of our paper every week.


Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere


Peru as an Agricultural Asset—Bme. v. Alford.


ers do not appear on the maps of the


EXV people who read the columns of


the Michigan Farmer, realize that


man’s last home on earth will be

in the valley of the Amazon. None of the

readers living today will be a part of the

last decennial census. Nor are we able

to approximately determine the year when

man’s last habitation will be conﬁned to

what is now an impenetrable jungle of

tangled tropical growth, extending for

hundreds of miles on either side of a riv-

er that closely follows the equator, and

whOSe vast volume of discharge is so great

that it freshens the 'salt water of the

ocean for three hundred miles from its

mouth.


Today the virgin soil in the torrid zone

is a negligible quantity, so far as man‘s

necessities are concerned. Yet, it is the

richest spot on earth in its power ofplant

growth. Let us recount two incidents.

among a thousand, that have come under

our notice, showing the wonderful energy

stored up in the soil and the sun of the.

tropics. In Nicaragua, north latitude, 1]

degrees. we had occasion to clear a large

space of more than two acres for a per-

manent camp. Not a twig was left, and

the ground was beaten smooth and hard

by thirty barefooted natives for over three

months. In a little less than two years

we had occasion to go back to the same

place with a temporary camp. “'0 found

it a veritable jungle Trees six inches in

diameter were growing thickly over the

Site, and the tangled vines were even


thicker than in the adjoining jungle.

Again, nearly as far south of the equator

as the above is north, we were ﬁghting

our way through an unexplored and un-

known section of the great Amazon val-

ley, where the jungle growth was so thick

that it was with the greatest difﬁculty

that a trail, barely sufﬁcient to permit the

passage of the Indians carrying packs of

provisionS, could be cut more than half a

mile per day. A bag of beans was broken

and fully a quart was left on the ground

covered with the leaves. In just a week,

almost to the hour, we retraced our steps.

The beans had sprouted and grown from

six to ten inches high. In some of the

stalks there were six and eight nearly

full-grown leaves. The soil is too rich

and the potential energy of the sun too

great. Fruits and flowers are only by-

products. This may seem, to the reader,

a contradiction to the statements made.

Not so, for the plant growth is so vigor-

ous that all the vitality goes into the

body of the plant or tree. It is no un-

common sight to see vines ten to twenty

int-hes in diameter, hanging from trees

whose limbs are larger than the. forest

trees 0f Ohio. We have seen squash vines

a hundred feet long, and the squash no

l:'11 ger than a Baldwin apple. On stalks

of corn ﬁfteen feet high, only nubbins

with but little corn on the soft cob. The

lrish potato vines grow as large as cur-

rent bushes, and the potatoes no larger

than hickory nuts. Tomato vines twenty


feet. high will have blossoms, but no fruit

large enough for table use have we ever

seen on the vines.


The clearing of land in this jungle belt

is a. serious problem. Nature is so pro-

liﬁc that the sound of the ax scarce dies

away, before a new growth covers the

ground with a carpet of living green. In

an incredibly short time the work has to

be done over again. This great torrid belt

is the world's hot—house. Here, mother

earth will produce and give sustenance to

man, long after the temperate zone is a

frozen or barren waste.


\Vhat are the present day conditions of

the agricultural progress in Peru? An in-

telligent answer must analyze three grand

divisions, viz., the hot belt of the upper

Amazon, the high valleys of the tributar—

ies, and the slopes of the Andes, close to

the snow line. This latter section was the

home of the old Inca civilization, and is

now the home of their lineal descendants,

the Quichua Indians. There is still an-

other section that will call for a brief

notice, viz., the desert strip lying along

the Paciﬁc coast.


(if the ﬁrst 'division, there is very lit-

tle to be said, excepting in a general way.

In the. upper valleys of the Amazon. not

more than one acre is cleared out of ev-

ery million acres. There are many large

tributaries the. size of the Ohio and‘Ten—

nessee rivers, almost unknown to the.

white man, and so iim‘ierfectly is this

section mapped, that many of these riv-


best atlas.


rivers,

which

by :1


Along some of these larger

will be found small clearings on

a native Spaniard lives, surrounded

dozen families of Indians, who are


engaged in gathering rubber. and for their


labor

ways

white

—a h


whiskey


receive the same wage that has al-

be-en the money standard of the

man when dealing with the Indian

ottle of whiskey. This bottle of

goes for about $10, and when


smaller change is needed cheap trinkets

are used at an exchange value of a thou-


sand per


cent proﬁt. This is the white


man‘s way of civilizing and colonizing

savage peoples! Its effectiveness has

stood the test of history!


The

to but


little ground that is tilled,

ianas.‘ plantains,


is given

yams and yuccas.


The- banana, the most perishable of all,


has al


the l‘lt'

Either


groate


ready found its way to the table of

h and poor in every northern home.

one of the remaining three has

1‘ possibilities as a food fat-tor than


the banana, and especially is this true of


the 31


purpose of the Irish potato,


1cca. \Vhen cooked it serves every

has a greater


percentage of starch. and is many times


more

eriva

yucca


the family Liliaceac,

a small tree,


tree o

tuber—


tubers,


proliﬁc. The yucca of South Am-

must not be. confounded with the

of Mexico. The latter belongs to

while the former is

about the size of a peach

1‘ three years, and has a cluster of

like roots, quite similar to the dahlia

which grow to a size of ten to


1. Cultivated Fields in the high Andes;.altitude 14,500 feet.


2. Bull plow in the Amazon Valley; showing construction.


3. Agricultural experts, in the Andes. 4.


Native Indians, descendants of the Incas, spading the fields of the Andes; altitude 13,000 feet.


\
17,4—10


thirty pounds.

portion and when cooked is exceedingly

nutritious.


To dwell upon the possibilities of the

Amazon valley as a man-serving incre—

ment in sustaining life on this old world

of ours, would require volumes and enter

upon paths that we have little knowledge

of, as our observations are too limited.

As a present agricultural asset, it is nil;

but its possibilities are beyond the ken of

man. The Lord is keeping it for future

generations, protecting it from present in-

vasion by swarms of mosquitoes, poison-

ous insects, venomous snakes and the

slimy mire of boundless swamps. If the

reader doubts this method of protection,

we offer an invitation t0'the doubter to

go with us for six months, sleep with us

on the sand bars, or in the crotch of a

tree, out of reach of wild animals, snakes

and lizzards; wade through bottomless

swamps; hew a path through jungles

dark and slimy, where the brightest rays

of the sun have not once penetrated for

a thousand years. If, after hundreds of

miles through the upper valley of the

Amazon, the doubter is still a doubter, we

will ask him to get into a dugout with us,

and travel nearly three thousand miles

of river and tributary streams, as we

have traveled them, where the only sound

that reaches the ear is the cry of the

wild bird, the snarl of the tiger or puma,

the chatter of the monkey. On the last

day, after months of such travel in the

jungle and along the winding course of

tropical rivers, the doubter VVlll say, "Oh,

Lord, take me back to God's country."

“'e have said the same thing after weary

days in a rotten dug-out, ﬁghting our

way against a swollen river for two hun-

drcd and fifty mileS, with nothing to eat

but rice, dried ﬁsh and broiled mon-key.


Leaving the hot belt of the Amazon, we

climbed up to an elevation of 5,000 feet

or more. The Paradise of the Bible might

be found in one of these beautiful val-

leys in the foothills, on the eastern slopes

of the Andes. Their soil is rich, the cli-

mate is absolutely perfect, not a mos-

quito or insect pest, a bracing air so sat-

urated with ozone that one breathing this

pure vitalized air feels as if he were

wearing the Seven-league boots of the

fable story. The feeling of fatigue leaves

one, and life has a brighter outlook. Flow-

ers bloom every day in the year, while

acres of geraniums, in full flower, line the

roadside, and roses grow like ragweeds.

Often have we thrown our bed into a

cluster of geraniums in full bloom, and

slept profoundly until the sun was hOurs


high. Even our saddle and pack mules

seemed to enjoy the scent of the Wild

ﬂowers.


There are whole communities in our

northern states living a real life of drudg-

ery. Six months of the year is given over

to high pressure work, that an existence

may be had for the remainder of the

year. \Vhy should this be, when there

are untold millions of acres, surrounded

with every natural advantage that the

heart of man can ask for? It is true

that the ﬁrst settlers in these beautiful

valleys would be debarred the delights of

the Grand Opera. the elevating and Chris-

tianizing influence of a political cam-

paign, and its attendant moral effect in

raising the standard of' the government!

But, what of it. if nature opened up a

long vista of absolute peace. comfort and

a ripe old age, free from the thousand

ills that go with 365 different kinds of

weather in a year. besides the jealousy


that is born in your heart when your next.


door neighbor gets a new touring car!


Before telling the readers how easy it

is to live in these beautiful valleys. we

will anticipate a question that will prob-

ably present itself to everyone, and an-

swer it, viz., “If to live in these Peruvian

valleys. types of Paradise, is leSS labor

than to die, why are they not knOwn and

densely populated?” The one that asks

this question has but the faintest concep-

tion of the geography and topography of

Peru. These valleys are on the eastern

slope of the Andes, fully 4.000 miles from

the Atlantic Ocean, by the windings of

the Amazon River. Uncomfortable river

boats, and frequent changes, are the only

means of reaching these valleys from the

cast. The time required from Para, the

mouth of the Amazon, to reach the out-

posts of this land, would require fully six

weeks. untrammeled with baggage: and

if you were going to stay, taking your

family. a piano, pig, mattress, a ﬂock of

ducks and a dinner set of Haviland china,

the time required, to say nothing of the

worry and expense, would lap over into

the next century.


These valleys are protected on the west

by a mighty range of mountains, whose

summit is far up in the clouds, so high


The tuber is the edible ’


‘tﬁt' only persons with perfect hearts—cad

cross the snow-capped range, Two shert

spurs of railroads reach the summit.

crossing the range at an elevation of

nearly 16.000 feet. Then there is yet left

two hundred and-fifty, or three hundred

miles of travel on mule back. over rugged

parallel ranges to the main Cordillera.

along trails on the side of the mountains,

so narrow that mules can scarcely pass,

and where the vertical walls drop a thou—

sand feet, or rise to twice this distance

over the narrow road. Leaving the rocks

of the canyon, the road plunges into a

dark, black forest, where ‘only a path has

been blazed. Sitting in the saddle, as the

traveler reaches the summit of the last

range, before dropping into the valleys,

the eye traverses league upon league of

rolling hills and valleys, clothed in the

luxuriant green of the tropics and bathed

in sunshine that has lasted fori ten thou-

Sand years, and~will last until man has

been driven from the shores of Lake Erie

for centuries. _'


What will grow in these vhlleys? The

fullest answer is the shortest one. viz.,

everything. We have seen blackberries

on stalks ﬁfteen feet high, shaded by

orange trees yellow with fruit; luscious

strawberries twice a year, and garden

truck every day in the year; four crops

of alfalfa in a year, so tall that it would

reach to a man’s shoulders; cotton of

ﬁnest ﬁber, growing on trees; the

branches of the coffee trees bending with

the red berries; grapes, peaches and pears

on the mountain side, while the thatched

huts of the natives were hidden from view

by the broad banana. leaf. Such condi-

tions can be found in valley after valley

leading down to the Amazon. These lands

have little more value today than the

granite in the range of mountains that

guard them on the west. The cost of the

land is approximately the cost of a survey

andade-ed from the government, amount-

ing to about 50 cents per acre.


The tilling of the soil is done in the

crudest manner, not alone in the valleys

of Peru, but throughout the whole of

South America. Aside from the wheat

fields of the Argentine, the methods em-

ployed would scarcely do credit to the

Egyptians in the days of the Ramescs. In

fact, the bull plow, as it is used in South

America today, dates bad-k to the kings

of the ﬁrst dynasty. A gang plow, given

1.» the most progressive farmer in Latin

America, if such a farmer could be found,

would be set up in one corner of the

family chapel, and used only on feast days

to haul the wooden saints from the fam-

ily shrine to that of a neighbor. The sum

total of agricultural implements used in

these countries, can be classiﬁed under

three headings—the bull plow, the Peru-

vian spade and the grub-hoe, which is

simply a crooked stick with an iron shoe.

It is used to pulverize the ground after

plowing, and to clean the weeds from the

growing crop.


No kind of implement. drawn by oxen,

can be found to crush the hard lumps of

ground in the plOWed ﬁelds. This work,

if done at all, is done by the women and

children with a short club, like a ball bat.

or with the hoe. Corn is planted by using

a sharp stick to make a hole in the

ground, and after dropping the kernels

they are covered by a push of the bare

foot through the soft earth. Rains are

not a necessity in theSe valleys. Scores

of small brooks, from the mountain side,

out across the ﬂoor of the valleys. The

natives, where clearings have been made,

have constructed admirable irrigating

ditches that convey an abundance of wat-

er to every portion of the cultivated ﬁeld.

\\'e have often noticed the alfalfa ﬁelds

cut by parallel and shallow ditches. re-

minding us of the sand, in a great fur-

nace, made ready to receive the molten

iron as it is run into pigs. The water

moistens the corn roots from day to day,

or, turned into the ditches that furrow

the cane ﬁelds is a potent factor in its

luxuriant growth.


The best cultivated ﬁelds of the Mis-

sissippi delta do not grow the cane that

is grown in these valleys, but, unfortu-

nately a‘ great portion is made into rum

and sold to the Indians, or shipped in

casks, on mule back. to the high Andes

and there sold to the native Quichua.

Probably not more than ten per cent is

made into sugar. This is not surprising,

as liquid damnation always brings more

money than when sold by dry measure.

We are acquainted with a young Peru-

vian widow, whose income is £600 per

month (nearly $3,000) from the sale of

rum. The hacienda of this young and

sprightly widow is in one of these beau-

tiful valleys. She has traveled exten-

sively on the continent, now lives in

Lima, and refuses to marryagain. She


is above the average in 'fintelligence, so

she Well knows, the motive that would

prompt a suitor to seek her hand. It

.would be, as she declares, the same old

story of greed and avarice.


Turning now to the higher altitude of

the Andes, and the plateaus lying be-

tween the parallel ranges, many.of which

are several hundred feet above the top

of Pike’s Peak, we ﬁnd many surprising

conditions, not only in present methods,

but in the remains of a people that did

full credit to their avocation, long before

the New \Vorld was known to the Euro-

peans. It is not our wish at this time to

encroach upon a subect that more prop-

erly comes under another title, “The Inca

Ruins, and the Civilization of Peru in the

Fifteenth Century." Yet, to give the clear-

est possible idea of the present Quichua

Indian. and his methods of tilling the

soil, we must go back a few hundred

years and make a casual survey of the

probable conditiohs that existed around

the homes of his progenitors.


In central Peru we have traveled in the

saddle over thousands of miles, and in

secluded valleys, close to the snow line,

have. found evidences of large cities.

Around them the remains of terraces

built of stone, amounting to hundreds of

miles. The steps of these terraces range

from eight to ten feet, up to as many as

ﬁfty feet wide. They are like steps in an

uneven stairway, extending from the val-

ley up the slope of the mountain side for

ﬁve hundred and a thousand feet, and

along the valley for miles. Near the not—

ed ruins of Pisac, both sides of the valley

were terraced. On one side they remain

in a fair state of preservation, being used

by the natives today- In less than two

miles along the side of the mountain,

there are more than a hundred miles of

stone walls, ranging from eight feet to

twelve feet high, one above the other, like

successive steps in a huge ﬂight of stairs.


On these steps, corn, barley, alfalfa,

and the potato are raised today. The

tillers of these artiﬁcial farms are the di-

rect descendants of the old Incas. It is

but fair to suppose' that the methods are

nearly the same as they were in the long

ago. FrOm the crOSS-section of a farm,

it can readily be seen that few farming

tools are necessary. The spade and a hoe

are really the only tools that are. neces-

sary in farming these terraces. \‘i'hy the

valleys are not farmed. we have not the

remotest idea. Wherever a level valley

is found, it is given over to grazing, and

you will see the Indian, with his wife and

children, a thousand feet up on the side

of the mountain. Wherever the old Inca

terraces remain, they are utilized. In

many places they are faSt disappearing,

as no care is given to the walls, which

are falling down and the surface of the

ground is again taking the slope of the

mountain. The labor required to loosen the

ground on these steep slopes is very little.

However, the real labor falls on the wom-

en and children. They stand on the low-

er hillside, and as the ground is cut loose

with the spade they catch it in their

hands and turn it over, stepping on it to

keep it from rolling down the side of the

mountain. This is the universal practice,

and the women and children are just as

essential as the spade. In fact, more so,

f0r without them the loose ground would

ﬁnd a resting place in the valley below.


The readers of the Michigan Farmer

may think it almost impossible to till

ground, standing at an angle of thirty

degrees, yet there are thousands of acres


of potatoes raised on ground that has a,


grade close to 45 degrees. In these high

altitudes crops grow slowly. Potatoes are

fully seven months from the planting to

the digging. It must be remembered that

40 degrees Fahr. is the average tempera-

ture for the year. The growing tempera-

ture stands So close to the “dead line,"

that it is a long, hard ﬁght from germi-

nation to fruitage. This is true of every

growing thing. Of all the crops, flowers

and grasses that we have seen in these

high altitudes, but one lone ﬂower be-

spoke its perfect satisfaction with the

natural conditions, viz., the pansy. \‘i’ith

its rainbow colors, and petals spread the

size of a newly-coined silver dollar, and

just as bright, it always impressed us

with the feeling of being perfectly satis-

ﬁed with its home close to the eternal

snows. Every other product of nature

seems to evince the feeling of being cold

and shivery.


There is a greater curse than that of

cold, that is sapping the vitality of the

natives of Peru. The coca leaf is used as

as tobacco is, in this country, but is

vastly more injurious. as it contains a.

good percentage of cocaine. Its effect is

to deaden all senSe of hunger, fatigue and

pain. A. native Indian,


with a. small I can’t help it.”


«one 3.9, 13.1.3:

pouch. of. coca leaves, and la. fewiéhandfuls

of parched corn, will travel for days, car-

rying a load that would staggena white

man at the end of the ﬁrst hour. Both

men and women chew the coca to excess

and the children show its effect. The in-

fantile death rate is abnormal. At the

other end of life, the same effect is a.

pronounced factor.

are to be seen. When this practice was

ﬁrst introduced into Peru, no history tells.

As the bush is a native of the low Andes

it may have been a common practice be-

fore the coming of the white man.


Looking for a moment at the agricul-

tural possibilities of the desert strip ly-

ing. between the Paciﬁc and the foothills

of the Andes, We ﬁnd a totally new set

of conditions. Here is a strip of land as

barren of vegetation as the palm of your

hand; yet its possibilities will surprise

every reader. First, let me say, the av,-

erage rainfall of this desert strip is only

three ‘hundredths of a foot in a year.

Along the coast it rains once in twenty-

one years. At Pyta, a coast town in the

north of Peru, the people have painted

trees, shrubs and ﬂowers on the side of

the houses to break the monotony of the

sand and in theycool of the evening the

young people sit on benches close to the

houses and think that they are in the

parks, listening to the rag-time music by

the town band. Why not, when life is

but a huge joke? ‘


Across this desert strip there are a few

rivers breaking down from the high An-

des. The river courses are plainly mark-

ed for, wherever water touches the sand

rank vegetation springs up as if by

magic. This is fully demonstrated in

southern Peru. The railroad leaving Mol-

lendo for Lake Titicaca, crosSes ninety

miles of burnt up and drifting sand.

Great sand dunes are creeping across this

deSert waste, pushed along by the con-

stant winds. Often the railroad has to be

taken up and laid on the opposite side of

these shifting hills, or the track would be

buried yards deep in the sand. Before

the railroad could be built, a pipe line

was constructed, bringing water from the


mountains to the workmen. At the few

stations where water tanks have been

erected, the waste water percolating


through the sand, has worked almost a

miracle. Not more than half an acre has

received the beneﬁt of the water, but on

this small plot of ground, a vegetation is

growing that reminds one of the jungles

of the‘Amazon valley. Oranges, lemons,

ﬁgs, bananas, yams, yuccas and pineap—

ples, are growing as in a garden, to feed

the station master in this lonely desert.


This is but an example of what this

desert waste might be, if some genius

would solva the problem of pouring wat-

er onto the burned-up sand. The eastern

slope of the Andes in Peru is the richest

spot on earth, and some day it will feed

millions, where now only a few score of

wild Indians live. The western slope is

bare and dead as the Sahara Desert, yet

there is lying dormant a germ of life that.

when touched with water will blossom

forth and feed its millions of God’s chil-

dren. Who can say that the Almighty

is not holding the torrid belt in reserve

for some good purpose?


ﬂ


SMILE PROVOKERS.


“I hear you actually encourage your

boy to send poetry to the magazines. Do

you want your son to become a poet?"


"No: I merely want him to get the

conceit knocked out of him.”


“How's your brother, Tommy?"


“‘11! in bed, miss. He’s hurt himself.”

“How did he do that?"


“Vi'e were playing at who could lean


farthest out of the window, and he

won.”


Willie came in from the shed where

Uncle Rufus was picking a Christmas

chicken for his small city nephew’s din-

ner.


“Aunt Sue!” he cried as he entered,‘


:‘what do you think? Uncle Rufus is out

in the shed husking a hen."


Little Augustus Johnson had learned

some things about the face of a clock,

but not quite all there is to know.


“What time is it, ’Gustus?",asked his

employer one night. to test him.


“It's jes 8 o'clock," said the boy, after

a careful, survey of the clock.


“No, you're wrong." said his employer;

“it won't be 8 for quite a. while yet—not

for ,twenty minutes.”


“Bofe hands is p'inting to '8, jes as

straight as dey can pint,” said the boy.

stubbornly. “If dey ain't telling de trui'


I


Very few old persons


it

i

"s

:;

t


'l .

‘5 *'

i'

i;
it

! .

l;


ms at; 9'3"“


AUG. 30, 1913.


THE RUSTLING OF THE CORN.


BY J. A. KAISER.


When in the east the ﬁrst faint gleams

Of hot mid—summer's sun are seen,

And dewy pearls on leaf and ﬂower

Adorn with points of dazzling sheen—

When gently from the balmy south

Is wafted up the breath of morn, ,

There’s music in the dark green leaves,

The rustling of the corn.


At mid-day when the Sun’s ﬁerce heat

Beats downward from the burning sky,

And but the locust calling shrill

Or scream of some hawk sailing high‘

The sultry silence breaks—a sound

Refreshing as at dewy morn

Comes whispering through the

green leaves,

The rustling of the corn.


broad


At twilight hour when cooling breaths

From creek and marsh come creeping


Up,

When crickets sing their drowsy songs

And dew-drops ﬁll each ﬂowery cup—-

When night—hawks twang above the trees

And hoot-owls sound their notes for-

lorn,

There’s music in the whispering leaves,

The rustling of the corn.


THE TREASURE OF THE FOX DEN.


BY G. A. RANDALL.


Near the southern line of C county,

Michigan, lies a cluster of hills not many

of them easily farmed on account of their

steep slopes, the most yet being covered


with white oak thickets, the favorite

haunt of small game and birds. In years

past many red and gray fox tcnantcd

burrows in these “short—hills,” as they


were commonly called, and trappers often

made, during the winter months, snug

sums catching them for their furs.


My old home was only a mile from the

neareSt of these hills and it became a

regular custom of my older brother and

I to set out "deadfalls” and “flip-ups”

for rabbits during ‘the winter months, as

they were eagerly sought then by coun-

try merchants who purchased them to

ship. Many of these abandoned holes or

dens became homes 0f rabbits, and it was

principally here among the slender oaks,

which were ideal for making “flip-ups,”

that we trapped them. On one side of a

very abrupt hill which we dubbed, "pilot-

knob,” some trappers a few seasons be-

fore had undertaken to dig out a colony

of foxes but quit the task after digging

a hole as large as a small cellar. This

excavation became a haunt of ours while

trapping and in the event of a good catch

we would leave the game here until traps

farther on had been attended, then take

all on our ﬁnal way home.


One morning, on making our round. as

far as the den, we had a bunch of rabbits

which were left here as usual, but. being

the younger of the two and tired from

tramping three miles in a loose snow

that had fallen the preceding night, it

was arranged that I should stay with

our catch while my brother made the re-

mainder of the trip. To this I readily

consented.


The cavity afforded a dry and‘sec‘ure

retreat from' wind and snow. A large

quantity of dead leaves had accumulated

to the depth of a foot or more at the far-

ther end, which extended several feet in-

to the hillside, and as a mass of green

roots held the soil above, a space 10x14

feet in width and length, by seven feet

high, open at one end, was thus formed.

Into these leaves I buried myself at full

length and must have dozed, f0r l was

awakened by a rustling noise among the

leaves at the back of the chamber.

Scrambling up I peered, half awake, in

the direction whence it proceeded but

could only discern the darker profile of

the hole which penetrate-d straight into

the hillside from this corner. I stood

thus a moment when, quick as a flash. a.

blur of white darted in at the opening.

I knew that it was a rabbit which had

been startled by my presence. and had

thus sought safety. While planning, boy-

like, to get it, my brother returned and

I told him of the incident.


We ﬁnally detremined upon a plan of

action. Cutting a short pole we sharpen-

ed it at one end, so that after being driv-

en into the gravel ﬂoor the other end

would easily clear the roof when bent to

form a “ﬂip-up” at the entrance, but, on

striving to set the pole in place we found

the gravel too lOOSe to hold it ﬁrmly.

Whily trying here and there, our exer-

tions loosened a portion of the wall sur-

rounding the opening through which the.

rabbit had disappeared, and this now fell

in, revealing a larger cavity or cave-like

passage extending into the dark, we knew

not how far.


startled-by this sudden disclosure, it

was several. moments before we mus-


gjkawgiz‘ ng‘TI'JAl-Mﬂﬂf _. _, War “a a”..g.-..W.,n w. s.;....,gu.rerzf~,,«w:¢,rﬁ;ys.. 7 .z. 3 ...


THE" MICHIGAN FA'RMER


'tered courage to advance and per in. In

the dim light we perceived it to be a

cavern whose uneven ﬂoor was about on

a level with the one we were in and

whose sides were‘rough with jagged sand

r0cks protruding from the gravel. On en-

tering, the roof was found to be formed

similarly, and all had the appearance of

being made by the erosion of water in

ages past. The place, on further inspec-

tion, proved only a chamber some twelve

feet wide by thirty feet in length; loose

small stones were scattered over its ﬂoor,

and at one side near the center of one

wall, larger rocks appeared to choke a

passageway some four or ﬁve feet across

and at an incline which, if continued,

would lead to the surface above. These

latter wereﬁso placed as to lead us to

suspect they were put there by human

hands, and the more we speculated on

this the more convinced we were that

this was a fact. Other indications also

seemed to conﬁrm our suspicions. At the

farther end, overlooked by us on our ﬁrst

inspection, we found a low, short mound

formed of stones, uniform in size and

compactly placed. These were not eas-

ily removed but, 'after a few minutes’

work. enough were taken from one end

to reveal a low opening extending length-

wise into its interior. Immediately at

the mouth of the opening thus made we

picked from, the dust within an oddly

formed ax or hatchet of metal. This sub-

sequently proved to be of copper and


tempered to a cutting edge. A further

search revealed crude metal ornaments

for wrist or neck wear, and a shallow


receptacle having a handle, resembling

an ancient hand lamp, all black with age.


Evidently this was once a tomb con-

taining the body of some noted chief or

ruler of his time, but now all dust with-

in, not a vestige remaining save for the

articles mentioned. These we took and

we were on the point of leaving when I

accidentally stumbled over some rubbish

of stone and fell full length, one hand

striking something hard of a longish shape

and quite smooth. The fall only jarred

me and I was soon tugging at my new

ﬁnd, which was very heavy. That it was


made of metal there could be no doubt,

for it took our united efforts to ﬁnally

loosen and carry it to the light outside.

There we scraped it with a. knife blade,

which showed it to be an ingot of quite

Soft metal having the luster of gold.


We were now radiant, thinking we had

unearthed some treasure of untold wealth.

Hastily returning to the search we ﬁnally

found two similar bars which were de-

posited with the ﬁrst.


Carefully covering our ﬁnd with leaves

we started home with our rabbits, de-

bating on the way the best method of

getting our treasure home. As no rig

could be driven to the spot, we ﬁnally

resorted to the use of our handsled. Up-

on this a box was fastened to receive the

bars, and thus equipped we returned in

the afternoon. Very tired boys we Were

when at dusk we ﬁnally arrived home

with it all. ‘


Our chagrin was nearly cemplete when

We learned, from a peddler who chanced

to stop at our place a few days later,

that our “gok” bars were only copper,

but very pure, for which he offered us a

shipping a pound. The offer was ﬁnally

accepted, on the advice of our parents,

who knew all the time but dreaded to

tell us that the metal was not gold. Nev-

ertheless we did well on that day’s rab-

bit hunting. as there were over two hun-

dred pounds of the copper. for which we


received a nice sum of money, all our

own. .

No one knows why or when the bars


were deposited there. but at one time,

ages ago. when the copper mines of the

Lake Superior regiOn were worked by

prehistoric man, when the secret of tem-

pering copper equal to the ﬁnest steel of

today was common knowledge with them

but now a lost art. it may be presumed

that some company of copper workers,

on their home-ward march, had the mis-

fortune to lose their leader near this

spot. Finding here a natural tomb be—

neath the ground, they buried, with cus-

tomary rites, their chief. depositing with

him his favorite war ax. trophies and

symbols of their trade, the ingots of cop-

per, which we accidentally found.


Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll|llllll|IllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIlllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllHillllHillllllllllllllllllllllllll


Chasing The Circle.


,By HOWARD DWIGHT SMILEY.


Betty Hurley was washing dishes when

the bell rang. Hastily removing her ap-

ron, she hurried to the door and opened

it, to be confronted by the grinning coun-

tenance of Jim Outwater.


“I haven’t a minute to spare,” the

young man informed her as he seized her

hand and drew her to the porch settee.

“The store is full of customers and I had.

to duck out the back way. The boss will

be furious. but I couldn’t wait. I had to

get this where it belongs before some-

body clse' beat me to it.”


\\'hi1e Jim was speaking he had' sud-

denly slipped a solitairn diamond ring

onto the third ﬁnger of her left hand, and

before the astonished girl could recover

from her surprise he had dashed down

the steps, mounted his wheel and was

Speeding back to his work. '


““‘hy, the presumptious thing!” she

exclaimed angrily. “The very idea of

putting that ring on my ﬁnger without so

much as by your le'ave!”


She flounced into the house and put on

her apron to resume her dish washing.

Removing the ring from her ﬁnger she

placed it in the shelf over the sink with-

out deigning to give it even a cursory

examination, and then plunged into her

Work with that vigor a girl displays when

provoked by some inexplicable action of

a member of the opposite sex.


She would have liked to express her

opinion on the nerve of some men to an

audience, but her father was out of town,

and her mother was Spending the day

with a sick neighbor, leaving her alone

in the house.


IIaving ﬁnished her dishes the girl car-

ried the dish pan out onto the back

porch and threw the water on the ground.

Returning to the kitchen she hung up the

pan and then busied herself for an hour

ironing several shirt waists.


This done she washed her hands and

reached for the ring, intending to place

it (in her ﬁnger for safe keeping until she

had the opportunity to return it to Jim

with appropriate scorn.


The ring was gone!


Frantically Betty searched the shelf,

the sink and the floor, but without bring-

ing the missing trinket to light. Think-

ing that perhaps it might have dropped

from the shelf into the dish water, she


rushed outside and hunted in the grass

where she had thrown the water. No

ring. _


She re—entered the house in a ﬂurry of


emotions. Where could that ring have

gone! Surely it couldn’t have taken

wings and flown away! Betty studied


hard for several minutes before the only

probable solution came to her.


There must have been a burglar in the

liOiiSe! He had probably entered at the

back door while she was-on the front

porch talking with Jim Outwater, and

had concealed himself somewhere, prob-

ably in the dining-room, and had been

watching her and had stolen the ring

while she emptied the dish water. He

could easily have gotten out of the house

through the front door! This was a case

for the sheriff!


After a moment‘s hesitation Betty hur-

ried to the phone and asked fOr the jail.

The sheriff himself answered the call.


“Oh, Mr. Hughes,” cried Betty, “won’t

you pleaSe come right up to our house?

This is Betty Hurley, and I am afraid

there has been a burglar in the house!”


The sheriff assured her that he would

be there as quickly as possible and she

hung up the receiver with a Isigh of re-

lief and then hurried out onto the front

porch. She felt that she would be more

comfortable there.


She had hardly seated herself on the

settee when a man dashed up to the

steps on a bicycle, dismounted and sprang

onto the porch.


“I shouldn’t have left the station,” he

panted as he sat down beside her, “but

1 had a few minutes before the ten-ﬁf-


teen train and took a chance. Didn’t

dare wait any longer—feared Jim or

somebody might beat me out!”


“\Vhat are you talking about?” asked


Betty, much bewildered.


“Why, where is your engagement ring?”

cried the young man, suddenly seizing her

left hand.


Betty gasped with surprise. How did

did he know anything about that ring,

she wondered.


“I~—I am afraid I’ve lost it,” she stam-

mered.


“Lost it! Why, what is this?” laughed

Allen in a teasing tone.


Betty looked at her hand. The third


11—175

STOPPED SHORT


Taking Tonlco. and, Built up on Right Food.


The mistake is frequently made of try-


tem on so-called tonics—drugs.


New material from which to rebuild

wasted nerve cells, is what should be

supplied, and this can be obtained only

from proper food.


“Two years ago I found myself on the

verge of a complete nervous collapse, due

to overwork and study, and to illness in

the family,” writes aWis. young mother.


“My friends became alarmed because

I grew pale and thin and could not sleep

nights. I took various tonics prescribed

by physicians, but their effects were off

shortly after I stopped taking them. My

food did not seem to nourish me and I

gained no ﬂesh nor blood.


“Reading of Grape-Nuts, I determined

to stop the tonics and see what a change

of diet would do. I ate Grape-Nuts four

times a day with cream and drank milk

also, went to bed early after eating a

dish of Grape-Nuts before retiring.


“In about two Weeks I was sleeping

soundly. In a short time gained 20 lbs.

in weight and felt like a different wom-

an. My little daughter whom I was

obliged to keep out of school last spring

on account of chronic catarrh, has chang-

ed from a thin, pale nervous child to a.

rosy, healthy girl and has gone back to

School this fall.


“Grape-Nuts and fresh air were the

only agents used to accomplish the hap-


py results.”


Name given by Postum 00., Battle

Creek, Mich. Read the little booklet,

“The Road to \Vellvillc,” in pkgs.


'There’s a Reason.”


Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true.

and full of human interest.


WANTED—Men and women for Government

Positigns. Exttmlnatloclll soon.E I


d ted Government lamina ion. ‘ria 1x-

gci’xilin‘ﬁion Free. Write. Ozment, 17, R. St. Louis.


{ANTED FOR U. S. ARMY—-Able-bodied. un-

“ married men bet-ween ages [8 and 35; citizens of

U. S. or have ﬁrst papers; of good character and

tom crate habits. who can speak. read and write the

Engfish language; good pay, food, lodging, clothing

and medical attendance free:

at. Recruitin Station, 212 Griswold St... D

Heavenrieh lock. Saginaw2 Mich. 144 ._ Main St...

Jackson. Mich. lst & Saginaw Sta, Flint. Mioh,

Huron & Quay Ste... Port. Huron, Mich. 28 N. Saginaw

813.. Pontiac. Michigan.


A Watch To Be Proud (it For Every Boy

Who Wants One.


For information apply

etrolt, 'Mich.


THE MlCHIGAN

FARMER.

DETROIT, MICH.


Boys. here is the best chance that ever

was offered to get a good time-keeping

watch Without it costing you a cent.

Read this over and then get busy, if you

haven't got the watch as good as in

your pocket in a couple of hours, it’s be-

cause you don’t want it bad enough.


.The watch is the real thing, 16-size,

nickle caSe, stem-wind and set, second

hand, ﬁne watch movement, and keeps


absolutely correct time. It's fully guar-


anteed and if you don’t hammer tacks

with it or take it apart, in fact, if you

will treat it as the friend it will prove

to you, the manufacturer will keep it in

repair for one year without charge.

That's fair, isn’t it?


Go to three of your neighbors who are

not subscribers to The Michigan Farmer.

or whose time has run out, tell them that

you Will have sent to them the Michigan

Farmer (the best farm paper in Ameri—

ca), every week for a year (52 copies) for

only 50 cents. Collect 50 cents from

the three of them and send us the $1.50

you collect, together with the three names


and addresses. and the watch will be

sent to you at once, post paid.

Easiest thing you ever did. The Mich-


igan Farmer used to be $1.00 a year and

now you only charge 50 cents, (less than

one cent a week), and by telling the

neighbors that you are after a watch you

will likely get the ﬁrst three you ask.


Start right away. the sooner you start

the sooner you have the watch ticking in

your pocket and telling you at a glance

the hour, the minute. and the second of

the day.


I'll! MICHIGAN FABMIR, Detroit, Mich,


ing to build up a. worn-out nervous sys-ll
176—42


ﬁnger was adorned with a solitaire dia-

mond ring. Before She could speak the

young man jumped up and ran down the

steps. 7


“I knew you’d be surprised,” he cried

back gayly as' he mounted his wheel.

“Well, you know what you said last night.

Sadie Cummings hasn’t anything on you

now, has she, girlie? I’ll be up again to-

night and clinch the bargain." and away

he flew.


”Allen Lothrop, you come back here!”

cried Betty, but the young man did_not

hear.


She gazed after him with an expres-

sion of exasperation, which quickly

changed to one of dismay and under-

standing. '


“The very idea!” she exclaimed. “\Vhy,

I do believe those boys actually took me


seriously last night!"


For a month back both Allen Lothrop

and Jim Outwater had been paying

marked attention to Betty. They were


in the habit of dropping around each ev-

ening for an hour's chat, and Betty had

entertained them impartially 0n the porch.

She was not taken seriously with either

0f the boys, but she enjoyed their com-

pany and the exclusive feminine privilege

of watching two jealous suitors vie each

other for her favors.


The night before both boys had ap-

peared glum and uncommunicative until

Betty happened to touch on the subject

of Sadie Cummings and her diamond ring,

whereat both men suddenly chirked up

and showed a lively interest in what she

had to say.


Sadie had been the cause of much envy

among the damsels of the town. She

was engaged to Liston \Valker, and Lis-

ton, to clinch the matter, had presented

her with a quarter carat diamond ring.


That ring had nearly disrupted half the

young couples in town. Sallie displayed

it to her girl friends in a manner that

aroused in each a jealous yearning to

also possess one of the sparkling trinkets,


and, as a result, the local jeweler was


doing a ruShing business in engagement


rings~ mostly on the installment plan.

“it seems like every girl in town is


getting a diamond ring." Betty had com—

plained. \Vhereat both young men prick-

ed up their ears and 10oked worried.


“liumph! Since Sadie flashed that

head—light, it seems that all a man has

to do in order to get engaged to a girl is

to produce a diamond ring," was Allen’s

comment.


“And why not llctty

“If a fellow cares enough

give her a real diamond. he is certainly

worth considering. isn't he?"


“Oh. sure.” scm'ned Jim. “I suppose you

will seriously consider the ﬁrst man who

slips a ring on your ﬁnger. won‘t you?"


“i moHt certainly shall,” Betty had as-

sured him earnestly. She meant it, too;

but not in the way the, boys understood.


And this had been the outcome of that

careless remark. Both bays had taken

her at her word and had lost no time in

placing a ring on her ﬁnger. \Vhat had

been said in jest, now took on a very

serious aspect. and Betty began to see

where she would have considerable ex—

plaining to do.


“Well, young lady,

1211‘?"


The sheriff's voice brought Betty ab-

ruptly back to earth. He had approached

the porch so quietly that she had not ob-

served him until he spoke.


His appearance recalled to Betty the

fact that one of those rings was missing

and must be recovered. How could she

ever explain to .lim that she had lost it

in so short a time and under Such absurd

circumstances,


Quickly she related her experience to

the sheriff, omitting the particulars of

how she came into possession of the ring.


“Are yOu sure you lost that ring. Bet-

ty?" asked the sheriff when She had ﬁn-

ished.


“Of course I am!

for you if I hadn’t!”


“\Vhat's that, then?" he asked, point-

ing at her left hand.


Betty started guiitily and put the hand

behind her.


"Iwwhy, this is another ring," she ex-

plained weakly.


“Diamond rings Seem to be flying around

pretty promiscuous this morning," com—

mented the sheriff dryly. “Yours is the

second complaint today, of one being stol-

en. YVell. give me a description of it

and I will do what I can.”


“I am afraid I can’t," answered Betty

in confusion.


"‘YOu can’t?” exclaimed the sheriff in


surprise. Don’t you know what your ring


r)”


had retorted.

for a girl to


where's your burg-


I wouldn’t have sent


.‘tjggdgked like? What carat was the stone?"

"ffgqui't know," confessed Betty.

.was;"gfven'me only this morning.”


“It


'THE MICHIGANmr-ARMER


“How does it happen you lost but one

ring? You must have removed both when

you washed the dishes."


‘ “I didn’t have it then.

me just before you came.”


“Who gave it to you?"


“I can't tell," answered the distressed

Betty.


”\Vould you mind letting me see it?"


Betty handed it to the sheriff, who ex-

amined it with growing surprise.


“Young lady,” he said sternly, “you’ll

have to tell me who gave you this.”


“I—really, I can’t, Mr. Hughes," stam-

mered Betty.


“It's a pretty serious matter," said the

sheriff. “This ring is stolen property.”


“Oh, it’can’t be!" cried Betty incredu-

lously. “There must be some mistake.

The man who gave me that ring couldn’t

possibly have stolen it!"


“\Vell, it's mighty curious that these

initials engraved inside the ring tally up

with the description given me by the

party who lost the ring.”


She took the ring and examined it. In-

side the band were engraved the letters,

"A. L.‘ to B. H.” Betty gasped.


Allen Lothrop had even gone so far as

to have his and her initials engraved on

hat ring! The very idea! This passed

all bounds of impudence! Well, anyhow

it proved that Allen hadn’t stolen the

ring; he must have come by it honestly

to have had it engraved. She would tell

the sheriff that much!


“This isn't stolen property,” she as-

sured him. “Allen Lothrop gave me this

ring, and these are his and my initials.

That ought to be convincing enough."


“it‘s mighty curious," answered the

puzzled sheriff. “Reckon I'll have to ask

Allen where he got this ring."


“Oh, I‘m sure you’ll ﬁnd him innocent

of any wrong doing!“ cried Betty.


“I hope So," answered the sheriff dryly.

“l'll take this ring along if you don't

mind; it might come in handy." ‘


It was given


Betty watched him walk away, with

mingled fcelings of self-reproach and ap-

prehension. She hoped she hadn't got


those. boys into any serious trouble.


The sheriff went directly to the depot

where Allen Lothrop worked, and found

thc agent busy selling tickets for the

eleven forty-two. He decided to wait

until after the train had gone before ap-

proaching Allen on the subject of the

ring.


The ofﬁcer sauntered outside and sur—

veyed the crowd that was waiting for the

train. Cver on the alert for malefactors,

his practiced eye suddenly fell on a.

lanky, shifty-eyed man, who was walking

nczvously about close to the track.


Something about the man's appearance

caused the Ofﬁcer to dip into his inside

coat pocket and extract several printed

cards, one of which he read through care-


fully, lifting his eyes frequently to the

man as if for comparison. Finally, with


he returned the

stepped briskly for-

lanky one by his


a grunt of conviction,

cards to his pocket,

ward and seized the

arm.


“Hello, Slim,” he said cordially. “Guess

i want you.” i


The man tried to break away, but the

sheriff held him fast. “Better not make

any fuss," he advised in an undertone.

“Come along quietly, and don’t attract

the attention of these people; it might

prove embarrassing.”


Sullenly the man fell in with the sher—

iff, and the two walked around the rear

of the depot ju'a‘t as the train rolled in.

As they rounded the corner of the build-

ing a man lurched out from behind a coal

shed and ran toward a line of empty

freight cars that stood on the track par-

allel with the one occupied by the pas-

senger train. The sheriff at once sur-

mised that this last man was about to

steal a ride out of town on the paS-

senger.


“Hold up there, b0.” he called.


The other paused irresolutely, and the

sheriff stepped quickly forward, dragging

his prisoner after him, and seized the

tramp with his free hand.


“I ain’t done notliin',” whined the man.


“All right, the judge‘ll give you thirty

days for that. Now come along with me.”


They proceeded toward the jail, and

then the first prisoner broke out.


“I dunno what yer pinchin' me for,” he.

complained bitterly. “I ain't done nothln’.”


“No?" queried the sheriff pleasantly.

“How about this?” and releasing his grip

on the tramp, he ﬂashed the diamond ring

before the man’s eyes. .


The prisoner started and paled, but

quickly recovered his self-possession.


“I dunno nothin’ about that,” he aver-

red sullenly.


“I suppose not,” returned the sheriff

dryly. “Yoa're wanted for a job in Sy-


racuse, anyhow. Don’t know anything,

about that either, do you?" "


The man did not answer, and Mr..

Hughes glanced at him curiously. He was

staring straight ahead with an expression.

of consternation, and following his gaze,

the sheriff saw Jim Outwater approaching}

from the opposite direction.


The prisoner again tried to break the

sheriff’s grip, struggling so desperately

that the officer had his hands full con-

trolling him and keeping a grip on the

tramp at the same time.


“Lend a hand here, Jim,” he called to

the young man.


Jim hastened to his aid, and between‘


them they quickly subdued the man.


“Phew!” whistled the sheriff. “He'pret-

ty near made a get-away that time. Guess

you'd better come along, Jim. He might

take another notion to cut up.”


Jim, who was staring at the ﬁrst pris-

oner, at once became much embarrassed.

and weakly pleaded other business.


“Tut, tut," said the sheriff. "Get on

the other side of these fellows and come

along. I’m not taking any chances of

their getting away.”


Jim reluctantly fell in and they pro—

ceeded toward the jail. The ﬁrst prison?

er was glowering ﬁercely at the unwilling

deputy. beside whom he was walking and

ﬁnally he leaned over and whispered

hoarsely. ‘


"De cop ain’t got nothin’ on me, and if

yer peach I’ll croak yer sure, see.”


In spite of the fellow’s effort to speak

low, the sheriff caught the remark and

pricked up his ears. He said nothing,

however, until they reached the jail.


n


“This fellow seems to know you, Jim,

he remarked casually.


“He was in the store this morning” ad-

mitted Jim uneasily. “What have you

arreSted him for?"


“0h, on suSpicion mostly. I have an

idea that he is the party who picked a.

man’s pocket on the train last night ahd

got away with a diamond ring."


The tramp, who had remained silent up

to now, uttered an involuntary exclama-

tion that caused the sheriff to turn quick~

ly in his direction.


“ ‘i'hat's the matter with you?"

manded sharply.


“You ain’t pinchin’


he de—


me for frisklng a


dinnond ring. are you?” whined the

tramp.


"i don’t know whether I am or not.”

answered the sheriff. "Herc. Charlie,"


he continued to the turnkey, “lock these

fellows in the cage. I’ll attend to 'em

later.”


“And,

to Jim,

affair?"


“\Vliy—how should I know anything

about it?” stammered the young man.


“Did you ever see this before?" The

sheriff suddenly produced the ring.


Jim gasped and held out a trembling

hand. The sheriff permitted him to take

the ring, observing him closely the while.


"'Vl'hy, I bought this from that slim

fellow this morning.” cried Jim, after he

had examined the trinket. “He said it

had belonged to his mother, who is dead.

He told a straight enough story, and as

I needed a ring in the worst kind of a

wayLI took it for ten dollars. I had no

idea it was stolen."


”And then you, in turn, either gave it

or sold it to Allen Lothrop,” concluded

the sheriff.


“Allen Lothrop! Certainly not!

sented it to a young lady friend!

do you happen to have it, anyhow?”


“I got it from Betty Hurley,” answered

the sheriff quietly.


“You did! Why, I gave it to her this

morning! Great Scott! What am I up

against?”


It .was the sheriff's turn to be surpris-

ed. “This is getting mighty curious!” he

exclaimed. “You say you gave her the

ring, and Betty assures me that Allen

Lothrop presented it to her. Somebody

must be lying."


Allen never gave her this ring! I can

swear to that! I know it by these ini-

tials!”


“This is getting beyond me,” observed

the sheriff. “Let’s run up to Betty’s

house. Maybe she can clear this thing up

if we both get at her.”


Jim balked most decidedly at this pro-

posal. He didn't want to undergo the

humiliation of facing Betty under such

embarrassing circumstances.


“You'd better come.” advised the sher-

iff. “You're a receiver of stolen property,

and now the least you can do is to help

clear up this thing.”


This phase of the situation had appar-

ently been overlooked by Jim, and he im-

mediately expressed his entire willingness

to accompany the sheriff.


They went immediately to


now.” he said, turning sharply

“what do you know about this


I pre-

How


Betty’s


“ined it eagerly.


‘ thought,” she concluded shyly.


i Ape. . no, 1913.


on the peach, seat-

sun-browned young

Shoulders and uni-

a lieutenant of the


home, and found her

ed beside a. stalwart,

man, whose squared

form proclaimed him


,United States Army.


“Hello!" criedthe sheriff in a. pleased

tone, “Here’s Mr. Lewis, the man who

lost the diamond ring!” _


“Have youfound it?” asked the other.

rising and coming forward. .


"I have," answered the sheriff, produc-

ing the ring, “if you can pick this out of

the collection, that seems to be flying

around this tOWn, as yours.”


Lieut. Lewis seized the ring and exam-

“This is the one!" he

exclaimed happily. “I’ve- been at my

wit's end trying to think ofsome way to

tell Betty how I came to lose it. I took

the early train back to Pigeon, this morn-

ing, after reporting my loss to you, think-

ing that I might have lest my pocket-

book around the depot there, when I

changed cars there last night. I came

back on the eleven forty-two.”


“I reckon your ring was stolen all

right,” said the sheriff. “I picked up a

couple of fellows at the depot a few min-

utes ago, and one answers the description

of ‘Slim the dip,' a notorious pickpocket.

who is wanted in Syracuse for a job.

Jim, here, informs he that this fellow sold

him a ring this morning, which he pre-

sented to Betty. He probably touched

you for your purSe on the train between

Pigeon and here."


At this juncture the telephone bell rang.

and Betty answered, returning to inform

the sheriff that he was wanted.


“'hen Mr. Hughes came out again he

wore an expression of satisfaction that

made it obvious to the others that he had

cleared up matters; at least in his own

mind.


“That tramp got cold feet," he chuck-

led. “Charlie just called up to say that

the man has made a confession. He's

afraid I arrested him for picking pockets

and thinks he is headed for state prison,

and is therefore willing to admit that he

void the ring to the ticket gent at the


depot. He swears that he found it in the

grass. back of this house this morning.


He was coming to the back door to beg

something to eat, saw the ring and grab-

bed it and ran. He went straight to the

depot, intending to get out of town, but

found out from the agent that there would

be no train under an hour, and being

hungry, he sold the ring to Lothrop for

ﬁve dollars. .


“\\'hy, then. I must have knocked the

ring off the shelf into the dish pan and

then threw it out with the water!" cried

Betty.


“And the tramp came along immediately

afterwards and found it." ﬁnished the

sheriff. “That part is settled. and the

question now is what I’d better do to you

and Allen for receiving stolen property,"

he continued, turning to Jim.


The young man ﬂushed and hung his

head. and for the ﬁrst time in his life

experienced the sensations of a horse

thief brought to justice.


Betty came forward, blushing with

shame and mortiﬁcation, as she remem-

bered that she was responsible for this

most distressing state of affairs,


“1 hope you won‘t blame the boys too

much for what they have done, Mr.

Hughes," she began, and then. with much

blushing and hesitation, she related the

conversation of the night before, when

She had agreed with Jim that the, ﬁrst

man who came along and placed a dia-

mond ring on her ﬁnger would receive her

serious consideration.


“Only I didn’t mean it the way they

“I knew

Arthur was on his way here from the

Philippines, and that he was bringing

this ring. He came in last night, intend-

ing to surprise me, and then went chas-

ing back to Pigeon after that horrid old

thief. If you are going to put any more

people in jail on account of this ridicu—

lous affair, I hope you will take me and

let the boys go. They have been imposed

upon enough, already.”


"I reckon that’s so," chuckled the sher-

iff. “Guess I’ll have to be satisﬁed with

the two men I have now, and let it go

at that." '


THE GUN’S RANGE.


BY JOHN E. DOLSEN.


The explolsive force held in the cartridge

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The elevation of the gun, its bore,

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The impulsive power is hidden in the


The are that he will


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m n —


t drives him On.

_ span _ _

Results from forcepbore, weight, and


aim combined. '
ow)


AUG. '30, '1913.


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Traction Farming


—-AND-—-


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By JAMES H. STEPHENSON.


330 Pages, 151 Illustrations, Cloth.

PRICE $15 Pm”

' Pald


With the advent of complicated farm

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To meet the demand for instruction

in the latest developments in agricul-

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is a practical hand-book for owners

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calculat ons; gasoline engine troubles.


Part I is devoted to, water supply

systems and electric lighting systems

on the \(arm. Full instructions with

illustratidns as to installation, care

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Part III takes up the science of


threshing. Complete descriptions of

the leading types of threshers are

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plows and other farm machinery. all


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E MICHIGAN FARMER,


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”


YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY

of getting one of the beautiful six-page

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once.


It is the ﬁnest collection of charts ever

put together. Contains a map of Michi-

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showing the anatomy of the horse, cow,

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the best authorities. treatment of com-

mon diseaSes of farm animals. map of

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rulers of the world. Panama canal, all

our presidents, and several other features

too numerous to mention.


These charts haVe been sold mostly for

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Send your order to the Michigan Farmer,

Detroit, Mich—Adv.


l


THE MICHIGAN. FAR‘MER


YE EDITOR.


BY M. B. R.


Have mercy on ye editOr,


~Ye writers great and small;

Remember, he has trials sore


And don’t get mad at all .

he return 'your “words that burn”


Tho’

And thoughts that “breathe" so loud

they snore.

Remember there's a dozen or. more

rightly, twenty score


Waiting on his desk in line


For the day when they can shine

in the printed column;


This thought alone doth make him groan

And look most mighty solemn.


Have mercy on ye editor,

lie who toiling goes

Up the hill of criticism.

\Veighing quip and witticism,

Essay, story, rhyme and prose

Till the sweat stands on his nose.

Struggling with the doubts that gather,

As he vainly tries to say

\Vhich is best—0r poorest—rather,

\\'hich to hold or send away;

Which to choose for “tails" or “leaders.”

\\'hen they come to printed page,

“'hich will suit the youngest readers,

“'hich will satisfy old age.


Have mercy on ye editor

\Vho never takes a whirl

In his auto or his bob-sled

With his aunt, or frau. or girl.

“'ho, when church bells are a—ringing,

And the sleigh bells are a jingle,

And all save him are gayly singing

At the advent of Kris Kringle,

With his pens behind both ears

And his ink-pot good and handy

A full-sized martyr sure appears—

Butt of dude and dandy,

“'ho on their lives don't even know,

(\Vhen 'their would—be jests they’re

ﬁrin'

Difference ’twixt Pope and I’oe

Platonic poetry and Byron.


Have mercy on ye editor

\\'ho never. on spring morning,

\Varhes mustache in May-dew;

Or. with wreaths adorning


. Classic brow, is ever seen


I‘aying court to chosen queen;

Or with cont-tails gayly ﬂapping,

lound the. May—pole goes u-hopping

The “maddest, mcrricst" sprite I ween

In the circle turning.


Have mercy on yo ediior -

\‘.'hose checks are wet with crying

At the crumpled hopes he‘s piled

In yon basket lying.

(That same baskct's weight is such,

\\'itl1 wet paper rocking,

That janitors resign at once

And new places go a-sceking).


Think not that I'm a favored scribe

(Although a right smart pooh)


I’ve had my ups and down with him

And feel that you should know it.


He’s hit me with his hardest bats.


And knocked my lmpcs into cocket hats

On many sad occasions;


But time has healed the blows received

And cured up sore abrasions


Till I can wrap my charity

About him like a shawl,


And say, have mercy on him,

Ye writers great and‘small,


And though he sends your efforts back.

Pray don't get mad at all.


TH E BOYS’


BUSINESS VENTURE.


BY MRS. JEFF navts.


“I am ready to try any plan that seems

practical."


It was Saturday. All the week Harry

and James Conway had been worrying

about the low state of their finances, and

had decided that on Saturday they must

devise some deﬁnite plan to improve their

commercial rating.


Their vacation business ventures had

failed, and now that school had com-

menced there were many extra ﬁnancial

demands, and besides they had to plan

ahead for funds to carry them through

the Christmas holidays, as Mr. Conway,

their father. was not a wealthy man.


“01‘ course, if we lived in the city."

Harry said. “we could ﬁnd plenty to do.

“'e could get some delivering to do after

school, and work on‘ Saturdays besides.

But there isn’t much chance for boys who

live on n farm to make money.”


“\Ye ought to be able to ﬁnd some way

to make a few dollars.” replied James.

“There muSt be something in all these

woods, that we could sell.”


“I laid awake last night till past twelve

thinking over different things we might

do and I could think of nothing except

the nut crop, and you remember our ex—

perience with that crop last year taught

us that there isn’t much demand for hick-

ory nuts and walnuts. There are too

many pecans, and other nuts that are

easier to shell, and people seem to prefer

them even if they do come higher," Harry

continued.


"Well. we must ﬁnd a way. neverthe-

less.” James insisted. “You know the

corn crop was almost a complete failure.

and father has had so much other hard

luck this year that we must not call on

him for our spending money. Besides,

boys of our age should be clever enough

not only to supply themselves, but should


be able to help with the family expenses

if necessary. So we must put on our


in


‘thinking caps .


“I am willing to try any plan that


'seems practical," Harry cheerfully agreed.


That night Harry was reading the daily

paper that came from the nearest city.

Suddenly he clutched it tightly. “Here it

is. \‘Ve can increase the returns from our

nut crop. Read that," he said, handing

the paper to his brother.


When James read the notice he was as

delighted as Harry had been. it was an

advertisement for hickory and black wal-

nut meats, at a price which seemed to

them very fair. although it was below

that offered for other nuts.


The boys immediately began to make

plans. They decided to go to their near-

est neighbor. Mr. Brown. who did not

bother to gather the nuts from his big

Womllnnd, and buy the crop on the trees.

That very night they wrote to the big

city grocery asking for more deﬁnite in-

formation. and as to how many pounds

Would be needed each week and in a few

days they received a reply that gave them

hope of having proﬁtable Sales the entire

winter.


The real work then began. Their two

younger brothers, and even their little

siSter Jennie, proved able assistants. It

was no easy job, cracking and shelling

the nuts after they were gathered. Their

ﬁngers became tender from handling the

shells, but they did not give up.


As fast as the nut meats were ready

they were shipped to the city grocery,

and the money received was very encour-

aging. \\'hen all of the nuts had been

sold the boys were in possession of a Sum

far greater than they had hoped to make

from their business venture.


“You are developing into ﬁne business

men." Mr. Conway said in proud com-

mendation of their efforts. “I'll soon

have so many :iblc partners that it will

take more than one year to

make this frimily despomlcnt.”’


pm)!‘ (‘10))

Janics and Harry proved to be more

than business boys; they were very un—

selﬁsh with thcir money. The younger

children wci'o given a generous share. :is

pay for their services. Their parents

were suli-‘tzintialiy remembered, and there

still remained suﬂicicnt surplus for their

own needs.


“I guess after this we won‘t grumble

about not having a way to make money

in the country," said James.


“The trouble is," Harry replied. “we

don‘t apprccinte our opportunities. I have

been keeping my eyes open, and l have

discovered various means by which boys

here might increase their supply of cash.

\Vhy, James. the country is full of op—

portunitics for boys who are willing to

work inFtend of whine. “'e could grow

popcorn, or asters, or raise chickens and

sell eggs to the people in the large cities.

“'e need only to produce good products

and let these people know we can supply

them, and then do it.”


And James agreed.


A farmer rushed up to the home of a

country doctor in the village late one

night and besought him to come at once

to a distant farm house.


The medicine man hitched up his horSe

and they drove furiously to the farmer’s

home. Upon their arrival the farmer

said2~ “How much is your fee, Doc?”


“Three dollars," said the physician in

surprise.


“Here y’are," said the farmer handing

over the money; “the blamed liveryman

wanted ﬁve dollars to drive me home.”


Out west, two men were to be hung for

horse—stealing. The place selected was

the middle of a trestle bridge, spanning a

river. The rope was not securely tied on

the ﬁrst victim to be dropped and the

knot slipped; the man fell into the river

and immediately swam for the shore. As

they were adjusting the rope for the

second, he remarked:


“Say, will yez be sure and tie that good

and tight, ’cause I can’t swim."


“\Vhy do you want a new trial?"


“On the ground of newly discovered

evidence. your honor. My client dug up

four hundred dollars that I didn’t know

he had."


She—Say are those poems in the paper

signed "Oedipus” yours?


He—~Yes.


She—Well, the girls persisted that they

were. but I always spoke up for you.


“Why doesn’t your wife sing to the

baby when it cries?"


“Sh! We’ve found that the neighbors

would rather listen to the baby.”


l3~'—-177


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Why Not Make Work Easy.


THINK farmers’ wives do their work

I in the hardest way possible," conﬁded


a town girl who had married a farm-

er and was spending her ﬁrst summer in

a farm kitchen. “At home We had every-

thing to work with, running water, a

washing machine, a mangle, kitchen cab-


The Flour-bin Sifter Shortens Cooking

Operations.


inet, the flour sitter in the bottom of the

bin on the wall ready to give the handle

a. couple of turns, and every kitchen con-

venience mother heard of. John’s mother

never had any of those things, and it will

take me a year to get them. But I am

going to have them. He wouldn’t think


A Larger Type of Hand Mangle.

Price.


of going out with a cradle to cut wheat

like his grandfather did. But here am I

doing like his great-great-grandm0ther

did. And he thinks it is the only way.”

I couldn’t but sympathize with her.

Housework is hard enough when every-

thing is made easy. But when you have

to carry water and wood, rub clothes on

a board. and empty heavy tubs. travel

from stove to ironing board and back

gain by the hour it becomes slavery.


Running water is one of the greatest

labor savers known to woman, and there

is no reason why every farmer who knows

even a little bit of the meaning of the

word prosperity should not supply it for

his wife. After running water on wash

dayS, to me the greatest boon is station-

ary tubs. \X'hcn 1 think of the pails of

water to be carried and put in a tub in

order to wash and rinse a family wash—

ing properly. and then the emptying of

them all again, I wonder more hacks do

not break. \Yith the stationary tubs,

which may be installed in any kitchen,

half the work of washing is cut out. You

turn a faucet to get your water, and

when you are through pull out a plug and

let the dirty water run out.


And a plumber has told me he. could

and would inStall two tubs in any farm

kitchen, with all inside pipes, for $13!

And yet farmcrs’ wives do without them

because they don’t feel they can afford

them. \Vith the time and strength they


would save they could can and sell enough

fruit and vegetables to pay for them twice

over in one summer.


After the running water and the tubs,

a water-power washing machine could be

added. 'J‘hcre are hand-power \vaShers

in many homes. but these mean work to

run. \\’ith the water—power machine. the

running water does the work and You

save so much muscular energy. If you

can not manage this there is a washer

now on the market which may be operat-

cd either with the hand or the foot and

you can stand or sit to use it. Even


Smaller Ones May be had at a very Nominal

They Save Much Ironing.


with a.washer like this you might save'

strength and do some light work with the

hands while you were rubbing the clothes.

These washers come at $10.


For the woman who really can not af-

ford a machine of any sort there are fun-

nel shaped clothes washers which many

women find a great help. These consist

of a stick with a galvanized iron funnel

on the bottom. A perforated piece of the


galvanized iron ﬁts into the bottom of

the funnel and the water is forced up


through the holes and out through other

holes in the sides of the. funnel. Air and

suction does the work.


A small mangle which is clamped on the

table is a great help on ironing day. It

looks something like a clothes wringer,

and does nicely for ironing sheets, pillow

cases, towels, kitchen aprons, dust cloths,

tablecloths and napkins for everyday use.

Some women even put the men’s workday

shirts through them, and there is no rea—

son why they should not. Thus half your

ironing is done without recourse to an

iron. One of these small mangles may

be bought for $8 and ought to last a life

time. For $1.25 more a charcoal iron can

be added to the supply of laundry helps.

These seem to be more satisfactory than

the gasoline iron at twice that price, as

the gasoline fumes make so many wom-

en ill.


The flour bin with a sieve in the

bottom can be purchased for from $3.00

to $4.50. Or one may be made at home.

'l‘wcnty-iive years ago the handy man in

one family made one which is still in use.

It is shaped like a four—sided pyramid

with the apex cut off, and hangs small

end down. A sieve is ﬁtted into the bot-

tom and the cover off a two-quart pail

ﬁts into the bottom of the sieve to keep

the flour from constantly sitting out. This

is fastened to the wall directly over the

kitchen table and is always ready. Think

of the convenience, you women who make

conStant trips to the barrel, over which

you bend to scoop up flour: And one af-

ternoon‘s work did the deed. Only four

hours’ time, but it has saved the wife al-


IHHHIIIHIIHHIHHIIIHHIIHHIIHllHI|HitlHllIHIIllHHHIHHIIIHHlHHHHHHlHHllilHlHHHHHHillHillHHlHHHlHllHHl”‘”‘l”‘”


most a year’s vacation in the 25 years it

has been in use.


Funnel-shaped Washer.

t5EllllllilllllllllliilllfillillIlllllllllIHillllllllllliillilllllllllllllllHlilllllllllllilllllillllli


HIiH


One More Cult

To Teach Us


MERICA is the greatest country on

A the globe. I was told that when

i went to school; thought there

must be something in it when l Saw Nia-

gara; began to believe it when I looked

down into the Grand anyon, but only

became convinced of it when I began to

study foods and their fads and found out

the astonishing number of diet cults there

are in our broad land. In no other coun—

try under the sun could there be so many

different systems of diet all guaranteed

to cure illness. prcvcnt disease, put off

dcath and make man happy. But the

most astoniShing thing of all is that each

of these diverse schools of eating can

point with pride to people who have been

cured by following their methods. Every

last one of thcm has someone who has

been able to perform all the gastronomic

stunts prescribed and thrive on it.

The last school to be heard from is just


making its appearance. “'e have becn,

used to the no—lu‘eakfast regime, vege-


tarian diet and the hot water cures. This

one seems to be a mixture of all of them,

with physical culture and sweat baths

thrown in and ﬁsh on the side to bait the

ones who muSt. absolutely must, have

some animal food.


A man who has been notorious for 0v-

er-eating, two dozen pancakes, a couple

of pork chops, French fried potatoes, fruit.

a couple of sinkers, and three cups of

coffee being his usual breakfast, is tak-

ing the cure. A ﬁfteen minute electric

sweat bath daily, with vigorous massage

at the close, is the part given by the doc-

tor. The rest the victim does himself.


How To Eat,


He must take nothing for breakfast but!


one pint of hot water. Then one hour

later he may eat an orange. At noon he

may eat any cooked vegetable or fresh


green one; fruit of any kind and all he

wants; all the ﬁsh he wants, and more


A Charcoal Flatiron Saves Time and

Strength.


hot water, and at night the same. He

must take no tea, coffee, salt, pie or cake,

meat, milk or eggs. But he may smoke

or drink one glass of beer a day.


The inconsistencyof the thing does not

appear to the young man who is paying

hard-earned money to be “cured." Ani-
AUG, 30, 4913.; .


ma! food in the form. or meat. eggs and


milk must be left-alone, but ﬁsh, which»


is as truly an animal ..food as the other

three, he ‘~may eat if'hedikes. Stimulants

in the form of tea. and coffee are denied

him, but nicotine "and 'alcohol, far more

baneful, ~he mayrhave. ' " ‘


And the queer part of the whole thing

is that he is‘ actually picking up under

the treatment. Naturally, anyone who

has been over-fed and over-stimulated,

would feel better to go on two meals a

day, while the poisons generated by too

much food were being sweated out of his

system. He feels better and the school

will claim him as a cure and will go on

trying to induce other people to give up

the meat or milk or eggs they need to

build up wornout tissue and keep them in

trim.


I never could ﬁgure out if human be-

ings were not intended to eat animal food

why God semis us into the world unable

to take any other kind. The baby can

take nothing but milk, a true animal

food. It has not the saliva to digest

starch until it is. seven months old.

Science has taught us that we need pro-

tein to build up wornout cells and that

children must have it to promote growth.

Yet there is a great hue and cry against

meat. and much talk of the autcintoxica-

tion'caused by the use of it.


Perhaps some people eat too much

meat. But the average person in these

days of high. prices gets all .too little meat,

eggs and milk and far too much sugar

and starch in the shape of fruits and

baked goods. Protein we must have. At

least one-ﬁfth of the diet should be pro-

tein. We can get vegetable protein in

beans, lentils and peas, but ju.—‘t who

could stand it to have creamed or baked

beans, split pea soup or lentils dished up

three times daily?


Common sense in diet. which means a.

little of all real foods in moderation, is all

any of us need. There are many things

these schools have taught us that we can

follow with proﬁt. For instance, all would

be better to dring more water than we

do and to eschew condiments and relishes,

including catsup and pickles of all sorts

except sparingly. None of these are real

foods. and if children are brought up from

infancy to leave them alone they will not

need them to tempt jaded appetites when

they become men and women. I think

every person, too, who leads a sedentary

life or is of a nervous, excitable tempera-

ment, would be better without tea or cof-

fee. But the healthy. placid. active indi-

vidual who is exercising constantly. es-

pecially in the open air, is rarely harmed

by these beverages. ~


JuSt temperance in the literal sense of

the word. That is all we need to keep

us well. If we simply used the knowledge

that we have we would have little need

to pay a, faddist to tell us how to diet.


DEBORAH.


RECIPES.


Lemon Custard Pie.


Set a pan of sweet milk on the stove

where it will heat without burning, (I

use an asbestos mat), to near scalding.

If separate-d miUt is used. drop a lump

of butter the size of a hazlenut into ev-

ery pie before baking. For the crust,

Sift a heaping teaspooni‘ul of baking

powder and one—half teaspoonful of salt

into one quart of ﬂour; mix to a stiff

dough with rich sweet cream, thing a,

knife and cutting the cream and flour

together; turn out on a floured board,

and mold to a smooth dough with the

tips of the ﬁngers. handling as little as

possible. Cut off enough to line a pie

tin, roll rather thin (about one-eighth

inch in thickness), and ﬁt closely to the

tin. patting and smoothing to exclude

air; out even with the edge of the tin.

fold under slightly, and crimp upright

with the ﬁngerS. Whip two eggs very

light; add one-half cup of sugar and one

table-spoonful of corn starch. beat to-

gether, turn on enough hot milk to ﬁll

the pie. stirring at the same time; ﬁa-

vor with lemon and turn into the pastry

lined tin; bake in a steady oven.


Peas with Lamb.


Chop one pound of lamb; add to this

one pint of shelled peas and put in a

stew pan and let simmer slowly in water

enough to cover until they are tender,

season with salt, pepper, butter and

cream and serve.


Grandmother’s Cough Candy.


Take all you can pick up in one hand

of fresh catnip in flower, the same of

fresh horehound, and the juice of alarge

lemon. Put in a granite basin with about

two quarts of water, let steep unti there

is about one quart. Put in a. dessert-

spoonful of ginger. ‘Strain. and add as

much sugar as there is ﬂuid. Boil untill


it hairs. Have whites of two eggs, beat-

en very' stiff, ready. Pour syrup on

slowly, beating constantly. Then beat

the candy a little, not as much as fudge

or it will be too hard. Pour on buttered

plates and mark in squares as the sur-

face hardena—L, C.


' Cherry Pie.


Make the crust in the usual way and

bake it to a light golden brown. Pit two

cups of ripe, juicy cherries. Heat them

to a boiling point mixed with one and

one-half cups of sugar. Have ready the

beaten whites of two eggs and stir them

into the cherries gradually. \Vhen smooth

pour into the pie crust. Frost and brown

in the oven.


Peach Cake.


Bake a white cake in loaf or two lay-

ers. ‘ Make frosting as follows: Take one

cup of sugar, one cup of canned peach

juice and boil together until a bit of the

mixture will form a soft ball in cold

water. Have white of an egg beaten

Stiff, pour syrup on while beating them

together, beat the creamy mixture till

cold. then spread on cake—L. C.


Green Peas with Bacon.


Remove the rind of a small square of

bacon, about a half pound. Parhoil for

a few minutes; then put a tablespoonful

of butter in a frying pan and fry the

bacon slightly brown in this. Sprinkle-

a few teaspoonfuls of flour over the ba—

con and fry a few minutes longer: then

add three pints of green peas and a pint

of boiling water, a few onion stalks and

a few sprigs of parsley. Cook slowly for

about 20 or 25 minutes. skim off the fat,

season with salt and serve.


Meck Peach Pie.


Take a quart of nice crab apples and

core. them, stem and wash. Have the

upper and under crusts ready the same

as for any pie. Place in a layer of crab

apples and cover with sugar, and so on

until the pie plate. is full. Then cover

with the upper crust. The ﬂavor is so

near that of a peach that one who does

not know cannot tell the difference.


Juditha.


Fill the center of a mold of vanilla ice

cream with a fruit ﬁlling made by cook-

ing one pint of gooseberries, mashing

and straining thcm and then adding two

well beaten eggs and sugar to taste. In

serving serve a little of the fruit with

each dish of cream.


Gooseberry Pudding.


Few people use gooseberries except for

pie. Here is a recipe for a pudding:

Make a biscuit dough, roll half-inch

thick, cover with gooseberrics and then

sprinkle with sugar. Then, beginning at

one end, roll up tightly, pinching the

ends and edges together. Steam for two

hours and serve with cream and sugar

or your favorite pudding sauce.


Fruit Cake.


One pound of brown sugar. one cup of

butter, one cup of molasses, four eggs,

two cups sour milk. one teaspoon each

of soda, allspice. cloves and cinnamon,

a pinch of salt, two pounds of raisins.

one pound of currants, quarter pound

each of citron and lemon. Add fruit last.

Nuts may also be added. Flour to make

a soft batter. This will- keep any length

of time—Martha S.


My Favorite Cake.


Two eggs, one cup of sugar, one cup

of sour cream, one and a half cups of

ilour (scant), quarter teaspoonful of soda

in cream, two teaspoons baking powder

in iiour. Flavor as desired. This cake

is equally good as a loaf or in layers and

may be varied by adding spices. I some-

times make a marble cake by adding

spices, a teaspoon of molasses and some

raisins to a part of the batten—M. \V’.


Uncooked Chili Sauce or Relirh.


One peck of ripe tomatoes chopped ﬁne

and drained over night. In the morning

add to this, six onions, two bunches of

celery, one red sweet pepper, chopped,

one pint of vinegar, two pounds of brown

sugar, half cup salt, two tablespoonfuls

white mustard seed and one tablespoon

of cinnamon—Mrs. C. W.


Pickles, Cold Process.


One gallon of cider vinegar, one cup of

salt. one cup ground mustard, two cups

sugar, one heaping teaspoon alum. Mix

thoroughly and put in cucumbers as they

are picked. Sealed up in glass jars these

will keep all winter if the cider vinegar

is of ﬁrst quality—Mrs. E. E.. Elsie.


Cucumber Pickles.


YVash and pack in jars. then cover

with one gallon of vinegar, one large cup

of salt, one cup of ground mustard or

horseradish, out small and scatter through

the pickles. Will be ready to use in

about two weeks.


tomato Soup.

When canning tomatoes the juice that


is left. may be strained through a. wire


T .121 E MICH Lea-N F ARM E R


I


sieve. simmered ‘down on back of' stove.

canned, and in'winter is already to make

Soup—N. M. K.


HOME QUERIES.


Household Editor:——Is there any way

of keeping the juice from running out of

a fruit pie?——Young Cook.


If there is I have never discovered it,

and I have tried every way suggested by

every pie-maker and cook book. Mixing

two tablespoons of flour with the sugar

you use and then mixing the whole with

the fruit instead bf sprinkling the sugar

on is said to work. But it doesn't. Neith-

cr does putting a funnel of paper in the

top crust, nor binding the edges of the

pie with strips of old muslin dipped in

cold water. Nor do all three done to-

gether to the same pie work when I try

them. Perhaps some vctcran pie-maker

has a sure preventive she will pass on.


Household Editorz—My little boy Stam-


mers dreadfully. How can I help him?—

Anxious.


He probably stammcrs because he is

very nervouS. Keep him out of doors as

much as possible and do not excite him

or allow him to be teased or frightened.

See that he drinks plenty of milk. has

plain. nourishing food, and that his bow—

els are kept open. Have a competent

physician examine him to see that he is

in normal condition and that no physical

defect is keeping up the condition. Some

children are cured of shimmering by re-

moval of adenoids. and there are other

slight operations which improve the ner-

vous condition and cure stammering.


“CAMPHOR COMPOUNDS” WITHOUT

CAMPHOR.


By publishing 10.000 notices of judg-


ment under the Insecticide Act, secured


against a manufacturer of compounds


sold to prevent moths in clothing. etc.,'


the Department of Agriculture hopcs to

protect housewives from buying such a

compound. The decisions were obtained

against the Lcwy Chemical Company, of

New York, which has been selling three

articles for moth prevention. One- judg-

ment was obtained because “Extra Re—

ﬁned Camphorated Flake Compound" did

not contain camphor: another


cedar, and common red cedar and not

true “Cedar of Lebanon;" the third case

was “Extra Reﬁned Chinese Ta Na Com—

pound." proven to be neither camphor nor

camphor compound.


FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.


Our large Fashion Book—~containing 92

pages illustrating over 700 of the season’s

latest styles. and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of -10 cents.


No. 7951—Cutaway coat, 34 to 42 bust.


No. 7953—Belted coat for misses and

small women. 14, 16 and 18 years.


No. 7942—Three-quarter loose coat, 34

to 42 bust.


No. 7955*Girl's diaper] 8 to 14

years.


No. 7930—(‘3hild’s coat. 2 to 6 years.


No. 437—Embroidery design.


The abOVe patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

of the Michigan Farmer on receipt 01’ 10

cents for each.


(teat,


because ,

”Ccdar of Lebanon and Caniphor" did not1

contain camphor, but consisted wholly of;


Mrs'.


Newfarmer: “Come in Anty

Drudge—woe of my neighbors

gave me a receipt. for soap and


I’m trying to make it. Did you

see my chickens? All thirteen

hatched out, so I drowned eleven,

because I thought two was all

the old hen could suckle.”


Anty Drudge: “Land sakes, womanl

You’ve got lots to learn! There

never was a hen that couldn’t

take care of thirteen chickens,

and nobody with sense makes

soap any more. They use Fels-

Naptha for washing and every-

thing else. Buy it by the box

and keep it on hand.”


Every woman can

cut her work in

half by letting Feis-

Naptha Soap do the


hard drudgery for

her.


Fels-Naptha dis-

solves grease, takes

out stains and does

away with wash-day

drudgery. Clothes

soaped with Feis-

Naptha and put to

soak for 30 minutes

in cool or luke-

warm water require

no hard rubbing

and no boiling. Just

as good for all kinds

of housework.


Full directions on

the red and green

wrapper.


Better buy it by the box or carton.


Fels 6: Co., Philadelphia.


[ls-Will
.‘ entwi-


.. .5. .. -59.;


180—16.


cllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIll!IllIll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||llllllllIIlll|lllIlllIlllllllllIIlIllllllllllllIllIll|IllllllIllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllll|Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllsl


THE MICHIGANgF-ARMERg


E E

s s

g Farm Commerce. s

EllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllIlllllllllllIll||l||||llllllllllIllllll||IllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllIlllllllllIlllllllllllll!llllllllllllllllHIIlllllll||IlllllllllllIllllllIllllIlllllllIllll|Illl|IlllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllﬁ


The Jakway Fruit Packing Bill.


The following is the text of a, bill made

law by the last Legislature of Michigan.

The purpose of the measure is to prevent

fraud and deception in the sale of Mich-


igan-grown-fresh fruits and vegetables,


and to provide penalties for violation of

the act. The sections read:


Section 1. In this act, unless the con-

tents otherwise requires, the term ”closed

package" shall be construed to mean a

barrel, box, basket, carrier or crate, of

which all the contents cannot readily be

Seen or inspected when such package is

prepared for market. Fresh fruits or

vegetables in baskets or boxes, packed in

closed or open crates, and packages cov-

ered with burlap, tarlatan or slat covers

shall come within the meaning of the

term “closed package.” None of the pro-

visions of this act shall apply to other

than Michigan grown fruits and vegeta-

bles. '


Section 2. Every person who, by him—

self or by his agent or employe, packs or

repacks fresh fruit or vegetables in closed

packages intended for sale in the open

market, shall icause the name to be mark-

ed in a plain and indelible manner, as

follows:


First_ with his full name and address,

nicluding the name of the state where

such fresh fruits and vegetables are pack—

ed, before such fresh fruits or vegetables

are removed from the premises of the

’packer or dealer;


Second, the name and address of such

packer or dealer shall be printed or

stamped on said closed package in letters

not less than one-quarter inch in height.


Section 3. No person shall sell or offer,

expose or have in his possession for sale,

in the open market, any fresh fruit or

vegetables packed in a closed package

and intended for sale, unless such pack-

age is marked as is required by this act.


Section 4. No person shall sell or offer,

expose or have in his possession for sale,

any fresh fruits or vegetables packed in

a closed or open package, upon which

package is marked any designation which


represents such fruit, as “No. 1,” “Fin-

est,” "Best," “Extra Good,” “Fancy,”

“Selected,” “Prime," “Standard,” or oth-


er superior grade or quality. unless such

fruit or vegetables consist of well—grown

specimens, sound. of nearly uniform size,

normal shape, good color, for the variety,

and not less than 90 per cent free. from

injurious or disﬁguring bruises, diseases,

insect injuries or other defects, natural

deterioration and decay in transit or

storage excepted.


Section :3. No person shall sell or offer,

expose or have in his possession for sale,

any fresh fruits or vegetables packed in

any package in which the faced or shown

surface gives a false representation of the

contents of such package, and it shall

be considered a false representation when

more than 20 per cent of such fresh fruits

or vegetables are, substantially smaller in

size than. or inferior in grade. to, or dif-

ferent in variety from, the faced or shown

surface of such package, natural dete-

rioration and decay in transit or storage

excepted.


Section 6. Every person who, by him-

self, his agent or employe, knowingly vio-

lates any of the provisions of this act,

shall, for each such offence, be deemed

guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon con-

viction thereof shall be punished by a

ﬁne not exceeding ten dollars, or by im-

prisonment in the county jail for a pe-

riod not exceeding 30 days, or by both

such ﬁne and impriSOnmcnt in the discre-

tion of the court.


The above law has been framed to ﬁt

the conditions among the fruit farmers of

Michigan. The farmers have desired a

law that would enable them to ship prop-

er packages and receive credit on the

market for a ﬁrst-class pack. In some

instances buyers from other states have

purchased Michigan fruit in the bulk and

have placed it on the market without

grading and then represented the pack as

consisting of ﬁrst—class Michigan fruit.

Every fruit farmer in Michigan has been

injured by this kind of business and the

farmers have not been entirely responsi-

blewfor the poor reputation of ,Michigan

fruit. The poor packers will now have to


labeltheir goods as being good or leave

of! the label and by so doing, acknowledge

that -their produce is poor.


The good


farmer will not have his packages shun--

ned because they come from a region that

has formerly shipped ungraded and blem—

ished fruit—~in the bottom of the basket.


A large grower in Van Buren county

said last winter: “If the Jakway Bill

goes through the Legislature I am going

to select a brand and ship all my fruit

under that brand. I am going to grade

more carefully and ship the various grades

under the same brand until I build up a

reputation for the fruit I am growing.”


Furthermore he said: “If this bill is

defeated there will not be much use of

careful grading and shipping under a

brand as the buyers in Chicago will not

believe us when we stamp the contents

of the package on every shipment. He

had the idea that as 10ng as Michigan

fruit had a bad name on.the market it

would be folly for him to waste any en-

ergy in trying to remedy the situation.

Now that the bill has become a law, it

will be necessary for this large grower to

properly label his packages or go out of

business. The big fruit raiser cannot USe

cull methods in shipping his entire or-

chard output and ever make any divi-

dends on the investment.


It is hoped that every progressive fruit

grower will take advantage of the bene-

ﬁts of the Jakway Bill and help to raise

the standard of Michigan fruit on the big

city markets. The story of the buyer

who bought Michigan apples and shipped

them east and then back again because

he was ashamed to tell where they were

raised will be branded as a falsehood

when the, Michigan apple growers appre-

ciate the value of making the most of the

new fruit package law.


Good fruit is still bringing an excellent

price and there seems to be little danger

of over production of good apples. The

secret of future success in the fruit bus-

ineSs is going' to be in the increased mar-

keting ability of the farmers. Production

has received more than its share of study

and it is now time to give our attention

to marketing. Study the Jakway fruit

package law and then apply it to the

ﬁrst shipments that leave the home or-

chard. It will pay now and it will pay

better returns when the big apple buyers

of the country realize that Michigan fruit

growers are adopting business methods

and can demand business-like treatment

in the disposing of their fruit.


Ingham Co. R. G. KIRBY.

BUSINESS EXPERIENCE AND CO-OP-


ERATION.


A Mecosta county subseriber writes: “I

am a farmer and have tried repeatedly to

get men in my vicinity to pull together on

this buying and selling proposition and

thereby obtain mutual beneﬁts, but my

experience has been very similar to that

of many others—farmers as a class will

not pull together—and I would like to ask

what you consider the cause of this ap-

parent lack of foresight on the part of

farmers in the matter of co-operation."


There are many reasons for the ap-

parent lack of loyalty on the part of farm—

crs as a class in the conduct of co—op-

erative enterprises in which they may

be interested. perhaps through the efforts

of others. Farming is an individual or

family business, so that the independent

or individualistic tendency is apt to pre-

dominate in the farmer’s make-up. For

this very reaSOn farmers are, to perhaps

a larger extent than those engaged in

any other business enterprise, naturally

suspicious of all who may take the lead

in co-operative enterprises and upon whom

quite generally the conduct of co-ope‘ra-

tive enterprises will fall. But in the writ-

er’s opinion, the greatest reason for that

lack of consistency and loyalty to 00-01)-

eratiVe enterprises which is essential to

their continued success, is due to lack of

business training and experience on the

part of the average farmer.


XVhile farming is a business in which

a relatiVely large proportion of capital to

the business done must be invested, yet

it is a business in which only a limited

working capital is necessary and the av—

erage farmer is apt to 100k upon other

business enterprises in the light of his own

business experience and cannot under-

stand why a co-operative business of con-

iderable volume cannot be conducted up-


0 a small working capital when the plant

-—where a plant is required to conduct the

business—has been paid for. As a mat-

ter of fact, the average farmer does not

understand this need of his own business

to the extent which he should and the

working capital or money available for

conducting the farm is altogether too

limited in the majority of instances to

make a maximum proﬁt from the business

possible. And yet a working capital in

proportion to the investment which would

be ample for the most successful conduct

of farming, would be altogether inad~

equate for the conduct of any kind of a

co-operative business for the selling of

farm products or the purchase of needed

supplies to the best advantage.


As an illustration of this fact the writ-

er will refer to an early experience along

this line. Some twenty years ago, just at

the beginning of the panic in the early

90’s, he became interested. together with

a number of other farmers in the com-

munity, in the building and operating of

a co-operative creamery. After consider-

able work on the part of those who were

originally interested in the matter a suf-

ﬁcient amount of capital was subscribed

to build and equip the plant. But we soon

found that the working capital was too

limited to carry on a successful business,

and, after the usual expedient of borrow-

ing enough money through the endorse-

ment of the directors to tide the business

over immediate needs, it became neces-

sary to levy an assessment of 20 per cent

on the capital stock to keep the business

going—and right at this point a number

of those who had gone into the enterprise

quit.


Of course, the conditions were a little

unusual. With the advent of the panic

prices for dairy products were low. A

further discouragement was a very dry

season, scant pastures and a very limited

hay crop. Then many of those who join-

ed the enterprise were not experienced

dairymen and with the care and feed giv-

en them the very ordinary cows which

they owned failed to return a proﬁt. By

dint of perseverance, however, the busi-

ness was carried on for two seasons, when

through a lack of that loyalty which is

essential to the success of every co-oper-

ative enterprise it proved a failure and

the original investment was. practically

IOSt.


Yet this was a business more simple

in character and with which the average

farmer should be more familiar than with

the commercial distribution of other pro-

ducts. This experience is a common one

with many similar enterprises and it is

perhaps most common with the enter-

prises which are limited to the distribu-

tion and marketing of farm products,

since these enterprises come- into more

direct competition with the already es-

tablished channels of trade and quite of-

ten those who should be loyal to the en-

terprise are induced to withhold their

patronage from it by the offer of com-

paratively slight inducements in the way

of advanced prices which are made- by

competing dealers.


Now, this is not due to any inherent

weakness of the farmers who are identi-

ﬁed with the movement as a. class, but

rather due to a lack of business training

and experience which leads to a better

understanding of the absolute necessity

for liberal capitalization and support for

any business enterprise if it is to prove

a success. The man who has his all in-

vested in a business enterprise of any

kind is bound to appreciate this fact more

fully than the man who invests a small

amount in a co-operative enterprise mere-

ly as a side issue and with the hope of

receiving more remunerative prices for

his products as a result, rather than the

earning of big dividends on the invest-

ment. It is the better price that he is

after and it is difﬁcult for him to under-

Stand why a competing dealer can offer

him better prices. or does offer him better

prices, sometimes, than the institution in

which he has invested his money.


Business training or broader business

experience would remedy this difﬁculty.

Co-operative experience, when it reaches

its higher development will largely rem-

edy it. But the difﬁculty is that we Am-

ericans like to do things in a big way and

our co-operative undertakings are com-

mOnly started on too big a scale. Where

theSe undertakings are begun in a small

way on a basis of community production

and Where those identiﬁed with them

grow into the business instead of going

into it on an extensive scale they are

more uniformly Successful because in the


process of evolution the members get a


better business training and a broader

view of business propositions in general

than they enjoyed before.


But this growth is bound to be grad-


AUG. 30, 1913.1. .

ual, and not until community interest has

supplanted individualism to a large de-

gree will this most serious difficulty in the

road of successful co-operation be Wholly

surmounted.


THE 1913 POTATO CROP-


The potato crop August 1. as given out

by the Bureau of Statistics of the De-

partment of Agriculture, covering the en-

tire United States, was 78 per cent com-

pared with 87.8 the same time last year,

84.1 for the ten-year average and '86.2

July 1, 1913. The total acreage this year

is 99.3 per cent of last year or 3,685,000

acres. It is estimated that this year’s

yield will run 92 bushels to the acre or

339,000,000 bushels compared with 113.4

bushels tothe acre and 421,000,000 bush-

els total in 1912, ﬁnal; 293,000,000 bushels

in 1911, ﬁnal; 389,000,000 in 1909. census;

and a general average of 96.1 bushels per

acre for the ﬁve years 1908-1912 inclusive.


It will be seen that this year’s crop

August 1, promised 82,000,000 less than

last year’s ﬁnal yield, which was a very

big Crop, and 46,000,000 bushels more than

the ﬁnal production in 1911.


The report in detail by states, with

comparisons, is as follows:


,Aug. 1, ug. 1, Au . 1


state. 1913. 1912. isigir'

Per C. er C. Per C

Maine 92 86 82

New Hampshire 83 85 78

Vermont .......... 91 83 68

Massachusetts 75 80 75

Rhode Island .. 80 79 65

Connecticut .. . .... 75 72 ' 66

New York 79 80 75

New Jersey 72 76 70

Pennsylvania ....... 83 88 65

Delaware . ........ 74 84 45

Maryland ........... 66 99 45

Virginia . ......... 86 88 42

\l'est Virginia ...... 78 96 40

North Carolina, .... 84 90 46

South Carolina. N... 80 84 60

Georgia ............. 78 88 70

Florida ............. 87 84 81

Ohio ..nou-oooooooo 76 90 48

Indiana. 0...... con. 57 92 46

Illinois .......... .. 51 91 34

Michigan anoooooooon 79 88 61

\ViScOnsin .......... 88 91 71

Minnesota. .......... 89 92 65

Iowa ................ 70 91 .38

Missouri 55 88 20

North Dakota 85 93 H 75

South Dakota 86 92 58

Nebraska ........... 69 80 34

Kansas 51 88 19

Kentucky 64 94 40

Tennessee 72 90 40

Alabama 80 84 7‘0

MissiSSippi ......... 79 80 70

Louisiana 78 75 83

Texas ..... 70 67 70

Oklahoma 73 67 20

Arkansas .......... 76 79 45

Montana 87 96 87

Wyoming 95 91 75

Colorado .......... 85 9O 75

New Mexico 70 75 86

Arizona ........... 88 90 85

Utah ............... 93 94 87

Nevada ............ 92 96 95

ldaho 90 96 95

\Vashington 92 98 90

Oregon ............. 98 101 90

California ........... 80 91 89

94.4 85.7


United States . . . . . 78


LIVE STOCK N EWS.


After every good rain in the country it

is observed that marketings of grassy

hogs from regions needing moisture begin

to fall off in volume. A generous down-

pour over the entire country would start

a scramble upon the part (if farmers to

buy feeder cattle, and prices would un-

doubtedly shoot up at a rapid rate.


The following resolution passed by a.

recent gathering of Chicago liVe stock in-

terests has been signed by representa-

tives of all the ﬁrms in the stock yards

of that city: “The undersigned members

of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange

hereby commit their firms and employes

to the so-called ﬁve-day market proposi-

tion now pending before all the stock

yards’ interests We hereby pledge our-

selves and employes to do all in our

power to promote a more equal distribu-

tion of live stock, especially cattle, on

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday

and Friday of each week and to miss no

opportunity whatever to bring about such

results.”


The main trouble with the Chicago

sheep market recently was the too liber-

al supplies of fat ﬂocks, lambs especially.

Had the distant ranges shipped in a.

large percentage of feeder lambs and

sheep instead of almost exclusively mut-

ton classes. the outcome would have been

widely different, for hundreds of farm-

ers in Michigan and other states of the

middle west are .hungry for feeders and

are unable to secure any, even at ruling

high priceS, so near those paid for ﬁn-

ished live muttons. Range stock has

been headed marketward in larger num-

bers than the trade expected, lambs pre-

dominating overwhelmingly, of course.


D. D. Cutler, general live stock agent

of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad,

says: “Minnesota and Dakota. have ex-

cellent crops of oats, and so has north-

ern Iowa. They have a bumper crop of

hay as well, and the only farm com-

modity which is really short is cattle, but

they are raising a whaling lot of spring

calves up in that country. Young hogs

are in heavy supply and also in healthy

condition."
or \


AUG. 30, 1913.


CROP AND MA’RK’ET NOTES.


Mecosta 60., Aug. 19.—-—August has been

very warm, withen occas1onal _raln, so

that crops and pastures are looking well.

Live stock is scarce. A good fI'UIt crop,

although not what we had last year ex-

cept for the plum crop. which is good this

year and there were none last year. The

largest acreage of corn and potatoes here

and prospects for a bumper crop that.


been in years.

thglaﬁlillais 00., Aug. 23.—Fall werk is pro-

greasing rapidly, except oat drnwmg, the

heavy rains hindered it greatly. Bean-3

have suffered badly by the heavy rains

of August 8-9. Fifty per cent loss Will

be conservative ﬁgures. Corn has made

a big growth and with :l few more hot

days will be on the way to maturity.

Each season ﬁnds more silos crected.

Butter-fat is now at 26c and eggs are 18c

per dozen. '


Oakland Co.——Timely showers during

AuguSt have been a great boom to Oak-

land county farmers, there havmg been

sufﬁcient moisture to push the corn crop

rapidly, which, with the warm weather

has made up for lost time earlier in the

season and there is now a normal pros-

pect for a good crop Which should ma-

ture at the usual season. Late potatoes.

while not a perfect stand, are growing

ﬁnely and new seedings which surVived

the early drouth are doing well. Some

farmers are sowing a considerable

acreage of alfalfa, although this crop has

not become general on the farms of the

county as yet. Plenty of moisture to pre-

pare for fall seeding, although from

present indications no large acreage of

wheat will be sown.


Ottawa Co.—The exceedingly dry sea-

son in this section of the state has been

relieved by light showers, but more rain

is needed to mature growing crops and

make conditions ideal for wheat seeding.

PaSture is not so abundant but is better

quality than last year and prospects may

be considered fair for average crop yields.


Lapeer 60., Aug. 22.—Threshing seems

to have been the job among the farmers

for the past week. Average yields are

about as follows: Wheat. about 16 bu;

cats, 40 bu; rye, about 15 bu. per acre.

Not much preparation noticed as yet in

plowing and preparing for the wheat

seeding. Corn ﬁelds begin to show quite

good sized ears—much behind as com-

pared with former years. Some fields of

potatoes promise fair. while others show

poor prospects. Beans and potatoes in

many ﬁelds are adorned with a heavy

growth of Weeds, the farmers were not

quite busy enough or they would have

been kept clean. We notice an occasion-

al “jag" of. potatoes going to market late-

ly. Some parties are baling hay already.

Farmers wonder why rye brings such a

small price. Oats and barley seem to

bring best prices lately. There seems to

be promise of some June clover and this

season spring calves are being bought up

at low prices. Good prices for hogs.


Missouri.


Wright Co.dHot and dry weather has

injured the corn crop and seared the

pastures brown. \Vhellt is the best crop

of the season, averaging arOund 15 bush-

els per acre. All other crops have been

injured by the unusual drouth. .


Clinton Co.—Live stock in this section

has been much reduced by the rush of

cattle to market on account of short pas-

ture caused by exceedingly dry weather.

The corn crop has been very badly in-

jured and potatoes are nearly a failure.

The wheat crop is yielding fairly well

and is of good quality. '


Howard Co.—Dry weather is spoiling

the ﬁnest prospect for Corn in years. The

supply of live stock is below normal,

farmers being obliged to sell on account

of short paSture. Preparations for fall

grain are at a stand Still owing to ex-

ceedingly dry condition of the ground.


iowa.


Boon Co.—-August rains have improved

the condition of the crops which were

injured by dry weather early in the sea—

son. Potatoes are a short crop and sell-

ing high. Oats are- yielding well but are

light in weight. ' .


Mitchell Co.—-Recent rains insure the

best corn crop in years owing to an un—

usually good stand in most ﬁelds. Wheat,

oats and barley are yielding well. Pas—

tures are getting short but liVe stock is

still in good conditiOn. _


Fayette Co.—Corn is injured badly in

some. sections by drouth, but pasture

shows the effect of dry weather more

than anything else by being short. Small

grain are yielding an average crop.


New York.


Wyoming Co.-—The fruit crop is light

with the exception of pears. The dairy

industry is strong in this county, being

carried on on nearly every farm. It is

also getting to be one of the largest bean

growing sections in the state. “'heat a

good yield and other small grains 3. fair

crop. Other crops coming. well and with

timely showers will prove a bounteous

harvest.


Columbia Co.—The past month has

witnessed a further decline in crops.

August has been practically without rain

and the precipitation since April is six

inches below normal. Corn will be short

and late potatoes not half a crop. Pas-

tures are badly burned and cows have

greatly declined in milk. Butter. 350;

eggs, 36c; corn, 85c; oats, 65c; potatoes,

$1.30 per bushel. O


hlo. '


Wayne 00., Aug. 18.—The weather has

been pretty dry for several weeks past,

threatening rain but all showers seem to

pass us by. Harvest is nearly all com-

pleted, nearly all the cats being drawn.

Some farmers are nearly done plowing

for wheat; others have not started. Some

wheat threshing being done, turning out

fair. New wheat market about 800; corn

70¢; butter, 26C; eggs, 20c.


Indiana.


Laerange 00., Aug. 23.——The late rain


in this section greatly helped all of the


.


_..THE‘ TM‘i'ciHIGANgFARMER


growing creps. The dry weather injured


.the corn to some extent but it is not hurt


as badly as in some sections. Most of

the corn will be helped by the late rain

of Aug. 22. Most of the grain threshing

is completed. Wheat averaged all the

way from 10 to 45 bushels per acre. Oats

were a very poor crop. Some of the old-

est farmers claim that the cat crop in

this section was the poorest yield that

they have ever seen. Many ﬁelds of


‘ good fertility only yielded six bushels per


acre. Late potatoes will be a better crop

than was expected. Peppermint is Yield-

ing a great amount of.oil per charge but

not very much per acre since the dry

weather checked the growth. Young al-

falfa sown the ﬁrst of August is doing

line and will make a crop next year if

it doesn't winter—kill. Hog cholera is

taking a great many hogs all overrthe

country. “meat is selling at 82c; cattle,

$6@8; potatoes $1.50 per bu; eggs, 190;

butter 250.


Allen Co.—Rain was general throughout

this vicinity this week and was of bene-

ﬁt to most of the growing crops. OatS,

however, were damaged to some extent

by the heavy downpour. Although the

onion crop is! only 40 per cent of the

normal yield those farmers that were

fortunate enough in planting last Spring

will make money on the crop. The heavy

ruins of a few ‘weeks ago affected the

onion crop considerably. Hail, also. cauli-

ed slight damage. Some growers, how—

ever, are getting a normal yield. Difﬁ-

culty in securing help in pulling is pre-

dicted. The price of onions will, no

doubt, be high. Some dealers look for

the price to be 500 out on the ﬁeld when

they have been screened but once. Wheat

is doing‘well. The yield is from 25 to

40 bushels per acre. Corn is a promis-

ing crop, although this, like oats, has

been damaged in some places by hail.

Late potatoes are doingﬁne, but the crop

is short on account of not getting a good

stand.


Wisconsin.


Polk 60., Aug. 18.——This county has

been harmed a great deal from want of

rain in the fore part of summer, which

came very near ruining the crop. Bar-

ley in most instances is a little over half


full crop; oats fairly good. Late oats

eaten up by rust. Wheat is of very poor

quality; corn is the best it has been for

a number of years. All kinds of fruit

and berries of all kinds are very scarce.

There is a promising crop of potatoes ii“

weather conditions stay favorable. Har-

vesting is about all done and stacking

has begun. Shock threshing will be un—

der way in a few days if it does not

rain. Hog prices are high, selling at about

So per pound. Beef, 5@6c; veal from 7(1)

91/20.


lllinois.


Macon Co.——The season now drawing

to a close has proven most perplexing.

runners in this section carry consider-

able stock but lack of pasturage has

made it hard for farmers to hold on to

their young animals. interest in beef

cattle seems on the decline due to pros-

pective high cost of feed and the feeling

that contemplated tariff changes will low-

er live stock values to some extent. Very

iew feeders or stock growers have utiliz-

ed the silo iii the past, but doubt as to

the plont in posturing high—priced land

ls causing some to consider the advisa—

bility of erecting silos. The corn crop

is a very fair one, considering the sea—

:on, but the proportion of big marketable

corn will be comparatively small. On

the other hand the crop will make an

abundance of feed, and recent rains

promise to provide some late pasture.

Many clover iields look well but exami-

nation shows that dry weather prevented

idling and that the yield of seed would

not cover 00st of cutting and hulling. A

little more wheat will be sown than usual

since this season's yield was good, run-

ning from 25 to 35 bushels per acre. Oats

were not more than half a crop and the


grain very inferior in quality. Many

farmers marketed their surplus wheat

and oats at threshing time. Farmers


having old corn are shelling and market-

ing at 7061.720 per bu.


Christian Con—“'hile some sections

have suffered seriously from drouth, pas-

tures and growing crops, on the whole,

seem nearly up to the average condition

zit this season. Many ﬁelds of corn will

average 50 bu. per acre or better, and the

acreage is large. \Vheat, while not ex-

tensively grown, was a good crop, aver—

aging 25 to 30 bu. Outs about half a

crop. A few farmers giving some atten-

tion to alfalfa with rather indifferent re-

sults. Trees bearing summer and fall

apples are overloaded; much of the fruit

going to waste or su. ering from codling

moth. Peaches bearing well and grapes

promise a good crop, though shortened

somewhat by early dry weather.


Shelby Co.—This county, especially the

southern itlld eastern portions, has this

season experienced one of the severest

drouths in its history. In some sections

practically no rain fell from late April to

mid-August. Modern methods of cul-

ture, however, brought crops through in

better condition than many expected. Al-

though corn will be less than half a crop

a good proportion of farmers practice

dairying and many are prepared to pre-

serve the crop in the form of silage.

Cowpeas, millet and other dry—weather

crops were put in to supplement corn,

and since the abundant rains which came

about the middle of this month these crops

give promise of supplying enormous quan-

tities of feed. Dairy cows are in fair re-

ouest at $506080 per head but there is

little interest in beef cattle. IVheat was

good but cats were a total failure in

many sections. Old meadows yielded lit-

tle or no hay and new seeding did not

Survive the drouth. Fruits and rden

vegetables generally very poor. So e in-

quiry for horses and mules 'with .very fair

prices offered.


EG. Percheronc, Shorthornll. Shropshiros and

Dunc-Jerseys for sale cheap. :32 of my barn-

burned Aug. 9th. M‘. A. BBAY. Okemos. M ohigan


H06 FEED RHEA . ‘fl‘.i§3l.‘“.ll?£"


F O R SA L E'ﬁ ﬁnﬁ'é%T‘€w§“§Z.2§


old. THE MAPLES, Manger. Michigan.


FOR SALE OR TRADE


(What. you got.) Registered Percheron Stallion.


black, 17% hands high, weighs 1800 lbs. This horse is

sound. good style and a coil getter. No use for him.

He wil make you ood money. Come uiok.

J. C. BUTLER. Po d. Michigan. Bell P one.


BIEEDEIS’ DIRECTolY.

CATTLE.


Aberdeen-Angus.


Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas B ackbirds and

Pridea. oni . is headed by Egerbon . the GRAND

CHAMPIO bull at. the State. West. Michigan and

Bay City Pairs of 1912 and the sireof winners at these

Fairs and at. THE INTERNATIONAL, Chicago. of

1912. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich.


FOR SALE—Pure Bred Aberdeen An us

Cattle. MARSHALLKEL Y.

LONGWOOD FARM. R. R. 10, Charlotte. Michigan.


Guernsey Bull Calf"?ifhlénhéia“.3§°°ﬁéi§:

A Gee Dandy. G. A. WIGENT. Watervliet. Mich.


GUERNSEYS‘E‘i‘E. TF2?.§.°.“'i‘v‘§§S§ii’a. "ll'l'JllI

J. K. BLATCHFORD, Audits-Lulu Toger. ChicaaoJll,


lllllinrolili BULLS roll SALE engine:

ALLEN BROS.. Paw Paw. Michigan. -

A new CllolCl-I grinning ”3983.132?


GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.


Buy A World Record llolsteln Bull

NEXT TIME. We have 2 with 75% same blood of 3world

record cows. Great bargains at 8250 each. LONG

BEACH FARMS. Augusta. (Kalamazoo 00..) Mich.


“Top-Notch” Holsteins.


Choice bull calves from 6 to 10 mo. old, of fashion-

able breeding and from dams with oﬂcial milk

and butter records for sale at reasonable prices.

McPHEISON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mlohluan.


Purebred Registered

H OLSTE IN CATTLE

'Fhe Create-t Dairy Breed

Sand for rm Illa-W Booklet

Holstein-Frieda. Alum. Box l64. Brattloboro.Vt.


Bigelnw’s Holstein Farms


Broadsvillo. Mich.

Have for sale several ﬁne young

bulls out of cows with high ofﬁcial

butter and milk records.


Send for circular.


"OLSTEI —Bull Calf sired by best son of

. Pontiac Butter Bo . Dam in sister

by same sire to 8 cows who have oﬂ‘icia butter records


averaging over 27 lbs. butter in 7 days. Price 50 i’.

quick order. 0. D. WOODBURY. Lansing.‘Miclll..


FulljR'eady For ﬁrvice.


A grand son of Pieter-tie Hengervelds Count

DeKol, and out of Bertha Josephine Niidine.

This is an almost faultless individual. Guaranteed

right in every particular, and "dirt" cheap to a

quick buyer. Also 7 good cows. one fresh—the

others yet toifreshen. The above would make a

tine herd for some one. $1950 will buy the bunch.


L. E. CONNELL. Fayette, Ohio.

0 4

ntnlsltntn ROLSTEIN 62:. ”terminates.

lnleldual in every way. evenly marked. 8250. Write

for delivered price. HOBART W. FAY. Mason. Mich.


Holstein Friesiall calllo. 3.3635,]; ofwyeougs bu...


. ' oasis of

quallty not quantity. W. B. Jones. Oak Grove. Mich.


d. f ' . l .

HOLSlElll BULL ”a V °li§l§lT°°w§lTZL"“l'Aflié‘S


OI


ﬁriced

come and see. E. . CORNELL. Howell. Michigan.


1'] -181


FOR SALE—A registered yearling Short-


horn Bull. color red. good

enough to head most. any herd. rite or come and

see. WM. D. McMULLEN, R. R. 9. Adrian, Mich.


SHEEP.


IT PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED SHEEP

Ol‘ PARSONS. "the sheep man of the east;"

I sell and ship everywhere and pay express

charges. I Will start one man in each two.

Write for club offer and descriptive price list.

Shropshires. Rambouillet. Polled-Delaines and


PARSON oxronos. R 1


Grand Ledge. Michigan:


SHEEP FOR SALE IN CARLOAD L0'I‘S.


PARKHURST BROS. Reed City. Mlchikan.


LCACI t r ~Yearling and ram lambs from Chum ion

. 8 0 s ﬂock of Thumb of Mich. Also select_ erk

shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont, Mich.


A Few Choice Oxfords al Reasonable Prices.

W. E. GARDINER. Morley. Michigan.


Rog. Ramobuillei Sheep, Pure Bred Poland China

HOGS and PERCHERON HORSES. 2% miles

E. Monica. on G. '1‘. R. R. and M. U. R J. Q. A. COOK.


' is offering more and better

The Ingleslde Farm Shropshire Sheep than ever

before. All stock recorded. Write us what you want

HERBERT E. POWELL. Ionia. Mich. Citizen's Phone.

1" IE"! 2nd Prize two-year-old Shropshire Rams 1912.


Also ood yearling Rams and Ewes for

sale. E. E. LELA D & SON. Ann Arbor. Michigan.


REGISTERED SRRUPSHIRE’ﬁanigEiiillﬁsfgﬁi’éif


Breedingof the best. Harry Potter. Davison. Mich.


' ~Good ones cheap. Write before

“WNW" Hams Aug. 15th. for special proposition.

KOPE KON FARM. Kinderhook. Michigan.


HROPSHIRE rams 1 and 2 yearn old. and some


extra food lamb rams, wool and mutton type.

GEO. P. NDREWS, Danaville. Ingham 00.. Mich.


H005.

' ' —A Desirable Bunch of Sows of

Burns & Violoriat Either Breed due A ril and May.

M. T. Story, R. R. 48 Lowell. Mich. ity Phone 56.

‘ Y'arhng sow—bred for July furrowmgﬁlao eel-mice


lot of Sprin Pi for sale. Either

sex. A. A. PATTULLO. B. 0.1 Seekervllle. Mich.


' —Spring and summer pigs, write us

cheShr Whllﬂs your wants. Price and quality right.

Meadow View Stock Farm. 8.. F.D. No.5.Holland. Mich.


o I 0 —Big growthy typo. last fall gilts and thil

- I 0 spring' furrow to offer. Very good stock.

Scott No. 1 head of herd. Farm 56 mile west. of denot.


OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mic .


O I C —MARCH and APRIL PIGS. the long

0 0 I growthy kind, with plenty of bone.

No cholera ever on or near farm. Satisfaction

guaranteed. A. NEWMAN. R. Mariette, Mich.


o I G’s—all sold. Orders booked for April

I II and May pl of the choicest breeding.

C. J. THOMPSON. kford. Miohlzan


o c ~Large. heavy boned boars and gilt:

' a bargain for next 30 nys.


I I at

'GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zeeland. Michigan


O I C’s—Bred sows, March 138 pairs and

0 0 trlos. Buﬂ Rock ‘82! .150 poi-15.

FRED NICKEL R. 1. Monroe. Michigan.


’ __

0. I. C 8 All is es. growthy and large. Males


ready. 00m select from. Attractive rices

on young stock. H. H. JUMP. Munith. MAORI.


50W WEIGHED 932 LBS.

A 23 MONTHS 0 D


‘ lONlA GIRL


I have started more breeders on the road to ano—

oou than any man living. I have tholargost and an-

out hard in the U. 8. Every one an early developer,

ready for the market at six months old. I want to

ﬁlaco one has in each community to advertise my


ord. Write for my plan,"ﬁow to Make Money from

Hose." 0. I. IIIJAIIN,n.u.. 1 0 Portland. Inch.


—-Bred gilts all cold.

0- 'I c- SWINE have a No. of Spring

pigs on hand. Will book orders for Sept. pigs.

get my price on pairs and trios not akin.

A. J. GORDON R. No. 2. Don. Mich.


Fol SALE—0n Cornwell Farm. Clare. Mich. Holstein

. new milch cows. Also 400 yearling steel-s.

Also good Dairymon wanted. Enquire of ERNEST PIETZ.


—-Spring boa” from rizemi -

[MIMIC-Jerseys ning strains. Bowsp all 3335

Breakwater Farm. R. F. D. No. '1. Ann Arbor. Mich,


—reasonable rices. ch ' e --

For 'Sale istered HOL‘STEIN sm‘iig. “iffy

for sci-Vice. HATCH HERD. Ypsilanti. Mich.


—2.") High Class Spring Boats. E .

Durocs cellent quality and Breeding. Write

or come and see. J. C. BARNEY. Goldwater. Mich.


For Sale—4 Reg. Holstein cows bred to Sir Korndyke

PietertJe Hengerveld. No. 55929. Also 2 bull calves

and 3 heifers. E. A. BLACK. R. 6. Lakeview. Mich.


——2-yr. —old Jersey Bull—Dam'sS-yr. —old record

Fill Sim—10551 lbs. milk. 513m. fat 604 lbs. butter.

Sires dam's record—12997 lbs. milk; 606 lbs. fat. 706 lbs.

butter. 2-yr.-old full sister's record—8610 lbs. milk, 435

lbs. fat. 513 lbs. butter. All authenticated. kind.

sound. sure. Waterman a Waterman.Ann Arbor, Mich.


I

Lillie Farmstead Jerseys

(Tuberouiin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber-

culoslc.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. No females for sale at

present. Satisfaction guaranteed.

COLON C. LILLI‘E. Cooperlville. Mich.


JERS.

BUTTER BRED Fo‘rl‘éﬂlil‘s


CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.


JERSEYS—agile cAa.‘lvea bred for;i liliodfuch

. so .

Brookwater Farm. R. F. D. No. {Than Tiber. ellfieorlg.


—Regiatered Jersey Cattle. tuberoul in test-

For sale edngulls and bull calves: heifer and heifer

calves: cows With Register of Merit and Cow Testing

Assocmtion records. IRVIN FOX, Allegan. Mich.


Notton Farm, Grass Lake, Mich.


A few young Jersey Bull Calves at 825 to $45 each.


RED POLLEII cows. and llEllEns—hla'ﬂs'eiztsi

John Berner a. Son. Grand Ledge. Mich. Route 4.

9 ShorthorHS‘g‘i‘.” $23: 80‘? $9355???

Write for pedigrees. W. W. KNAPP. Howell, Mich.

DAIRY, BRED snllllllllllllls:,l’ni.g°,:.‘glzf1 when:


. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan.


' —Larto Cattle-B Milk .

”I"! “MAW” Milk Records of :ﬁvc'ows k515i.

No stock for solo at present.


. W. W. KNAPP. R. No. 4. Watervliet. Mich.


"3 Choice Shortliorn Bulls For Sale:


6 toﬂmom old. Bate-bred. Bo roll. 0 ll 'toto

.ul. ruawnu. Mme Bi Farm. 22.3.5.7" ich.


lluroc Jerseys—Raining Bui Spring Pigs For Sale.

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastinl's. Michigan.

10 TYPE DUROCS—March and April Boats. ready


far service. Pairs not akin. Al Sh '

items forsale. F. J. DRODTJL No. 1. MonrOIeTlMlilélh?


Duroc Jerseys For Sale—Three fall boars. also spring

pigs, either sex: .of ﬁnest breeding and individual

quality. John Mchcoll. Statlon A. R 4.Bay City Mich.


POLAND CHIVAS—€333. illiﬁi‘lmwin‘illﬂiﬁﬁ

Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Mich.

LARGE STYLED POLAND CHINA SPRING PIGS-


Sows bred for fall furrow. also Shorthorn BulI

calves at close prices. Robert Neva. Pierson. Mich.


POLAND calms—filing” sin-.39 ing. 32:22:

P. D. LONG. R. No. 8. Gran Rapids. Michigan.


P. 0. MARCH All) APRIL Pl68“l$§§.18§§r§$‘i§§i


to please. R. W. MILLS. Saline, Michigan.


LARGE TYPE LO. FALL PIGS $9.223. .1338 “2.?


3 ring pigaI ever raised. Eight sows farrowed 86.

me or write. Expenses paid if not satisﬁed. Free

livery from Patina. W. E. Livingston. Pal-ma. Mich.


P C. MARS AND sows-1W W’- '1'“


.A. A. WOOD & SON. slum:y uféll’fxli’.“

350 BIG TYPE MULE roor noes—All ages for

A


sale. Proliﬁc and hardy. Beat breed for Michi an.

iso Ponies. J. DUNLAP.Box M.Williamsport. 0 io


OHKSHIRE Swine—We have some nice spring

pigs now ready for sale. Write for discriptinu an

prices. OSTRANDER BROS. Morley. Mich.


IMPROVED LARGE YORKSLIIRES


Bows and gilta bred for September and October

furrow. Service boars. Pi ll . ’

.nd prices upon application. as 3 ages Breeding


w. c. 00K. R. 42, Ada. Mlchlknn.


lillia Farmstead YURKSH-IHES


Spring bred slits all sold. 0 t

furrow. September pin slag? :3,de 1:3}: anxltldA “ﬁlls:

not akin. Orders booked for a ring pigs.


COLON c. LILLIB. Eoopor-vllle. Mich
182——18


'TH E ’M'I c H'I’GA'N' FARM ER“


And. 30, 1913'.


E: IlllllllllllIlllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllIIIIIIIIIII|IIII|IIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE

Markets. __

Ellllllllllllllllllilll!IlllllllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIE


GRAINS AND SEEDS.


August 27, 11113.

Notwithstanding the fact "that

prices have ruled higher throughout the

past week than for the previous period,

fluctuations in the maiket have occurred

daily and to a very large degree were

exedited to weather conditions. Last Fri—


Wheat.


day a fractional advance was made in

cash and September because of a poor

outlook for the spring wheat, and also


for the corn ciop, which eereal is becom-


ing a strong factor in making wheat

prices. Monday conditions favored the

bears and a fractional loss was SUS-


tained, which 10s.: was not only regained

Tuesday but an additional advance made

that put values at the highest point for

the week. The bullish side of the, trade

has been aided by farmers holding back

their grain, which cuts primary receipts

to about one-half what they were at this

time a year ago. The bears are hoping

that when the spring wheat begins mov-

ing farmers will be more liberal in their

deliveries and thus assist in keeping val-

ues down. All along Europe has contin—

ued a good buyer. Millers are purchas—

ing heavily as there is a fair demand for

flour and wheat stocks are so low that the

millers are anxious about securing am-

ple supplies. One year ago the price for

No. 2 red wheat was $1.10 .pcr bu. Local

quotations for the past week are as fol-


lows:


No. 2 No. 1


Red. White. Sept. Dec.

Thursday ..... 9114 9014 02 96

F1 iday ........ 91 1/2 901/2 921,; 06

Saturday ...... 91 1/3 90 1/2 921/4 96

Blonday ....... 911/1, 901,6 92 951/2

Tuesday ....... 01% 9013.9, 92 1,11. 96 5.;

\Vednesday . .911/2 90%,, 010.1 95%


Chicago, (Aug, 26).—N0. 2 red wheat,


£106L901/2c; Sept, 87c; Dec., 9031;, e per bu.


Germ—The average value shows a sub-

stantial advance over quotations for a

Week ago, although there has been a

fractional reduction since last Friday.

During the past week rain has fallen ov-

er a considerable portion of the corn

belt, which temporarily relieved the corn

plant. However, the trade on Tuesday

believed that no permanent good had re-

sulted and that a few days of dry weath-

er would undo all the beneﬁt thus far

given by recent rains. In all. the trade.

is occupying an extremely bullir‘h posi-

tion which promises to make corn a prof-

itable crop for those having a good yield.

One year ago No. 3 corn was selling on


the local market at 810 per bu. Quota-

tions for the past week are:

No. 3 No. 3

Corn. Yellow.

Thursday . ......... 77 78

Friday ........ 77 78

Saturday ................. 761/3 77%

Monday .................. 76 77

Tuesday .................. 761/2 771/2

“'ednesday . . . . . ...... . . . 761/2 77%

Chicago, (Aug, 26).—No. 2 corn. 766!)


761,4c; No. 3 corn, 751/260760; Sept., 73‘,éc;

Dec., 690 per bu.


Oats.—This trade is weaker than laSt

week. Offerings have come more freely

and the demand is fair. According to

ﬁgures published by the International In-

stitute of Home the World‘s crop of cats

is below that of laSt year by nearly 300,-

000,000 bu., this es'timate not including

France and Canada. From this it would

appear that with a strong corn market

the oat deal ought to be good for those

having the grain to sell. One. year ago

the price for standard oats was We pcr

are as fol-


bu. Last week’s quotations

lows. N0. 3

Standard White.

Thursday . ............... 431,4; 43 .

Friday ................... 431.; 42 3.,

Saturday ................. 42-71 421,;

)ltinday .................. 421/; 42

Tuesday .................. 42 41%;

“'ednesday .............. 42%, 42

Chicago, (Aug. _ 26).—Standard oats,


4211161425420: No. 2 white, 423461.43c; Sept,

4116c; Dec., 437,41- per bu.


Beans—Nominal quotations

advanced 5c on the local market the

past week. Recent rains in Michigan

have damaged the prospect in some sec.-

tions. Immediate and primary shipments

are nominally quoted at $1.80 and Oc—

tober at $1.85 per bu.


Chicago, (.»\ug. 26).—No change hasoc-

curred in local bean values. l’ea beans,

band-picked. choice, are still at $10061)

1.05 and red kidneys at $1.65611.80 per

bushel. ‘


Rye.—Although practically no trading

has been consummated for some time,

the position of the rye deal has improved

during the past week. Quotations show

an advance. on the local market of about

4c during the week, the present price

being 68c per bu for cash No. 2. At Chi-

cago a similar advance is noted and No,

2 nOW ranges from 681/_.@701/2c per bu,

on that market. The International Insti-

tute of Rome shows the world‘s rye crop

to be 128,000,000 bu. short of the 1012

yield. .


Barley.—~Better values rule in this cer-

eal. (in the local market values have

advanced this past week from 56D10c,

good samples now selling at $1.206Pl.30

per cwt. At Chicago an advance is also

noted, the quotations being 55@77%c per

bu, At Milwaukee prices have gone up

to. 66611750 per bu.


Clover Seed.——There seems to be an

improvement in the outlook for clover

seed, prices showing a large decline for

the week. October and December seed


have been


are'now quoted at $7.60, which is a de-

cline of 600 from


last week. October


alsike is now $11 per bu., .or 250 less than

a week ago. At Toledo similar deprecia-

tion 0f values is reported, prime cash be—

ing $7.50; Oct., $7.45; Dec., $74714; Mar,

$7.621/2 per bu. Alsike October is down

to $11.25 and December- and March to

$11 per bu.


Timothy Seed—This seed has weaken-

ed after last week‘s substantial advance

and is now quoted at $2.60 per bu. for

prime spot, At Toledo the same grade

is quoted at $2.721/2 per bu.


FLOUR AND FEEDS.


Flown—Jobbing lots in 1,6 paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs. as follows: Best patent, $5.50; sec—

ond, $5.20; straight, $5; spring patent,

$5.10: rye llour, $4.60 per bbl.


Feed.*ln 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots:

Bran, $23; coarse middlings, $24; ﬁne

middlings, $26; cracked corn, $31; coarse

corn meal, $29; corn and eat chop,


$25.50 per ton.


Hay.~—'l‘hc. market rules lower. Carlots

on the track at Detroit are: No. 1 tim-

othy, $156115.50; standard, $146114.50; NO.

2, $12.506113; light mixed, $14.5061/15; N0.

1 mixed, 3512631250.


New York—New hay is offered in fair

quantities and selling within range of

$166121 per ton. Old hay ﬁrm and higher

for best grades. Large baled, No. 1 tim-

othy. $216122; standard, $21; light clover

mixed, $196020; heavy mixed, $166017 per

ton.


. Straw.—Detroit.——Steady. Rye, $8609;

wheat and oat straw, $76i7.50 per ton.


New York—Steady. New, rye straw,

$17 per ton.


DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.


outSide markets

local interest has

in a more active


Butter.—\Vith all

Showing an advance,

increased, resulting

market. Prices, however, remain prac-

tically the same as a week ago. Ex-

tia creamery, 27c per lb; ﬁrsts, 251/10;

dairy, 21c; packing stock, 19c.


l1)lgin.—l\/larkc~t steady at 271/2c, a half

cent advance over last Week‘s price.


t..‘hicago.wl\larket ﬁrm with top grade


ci'eamerics l/zc higher. Quotations: 14} -

tra creamery, 271/20; extra ﬁrsts, 26c;


ﬁzsts, 25c; seconds, 231/2@24c; ladies, 22c;

packing stock, 216121360


New York—Conditions in this market

have not changed during the past week

and values are again higher, some- grades

ot‘ both ereamery and dairy stock gain-


ing a full cent. \Creamery extras, 291,4,

mam/2c; ﬁrsts, 2761128l/gc; seconds, 2561)

26%30; state dairy, ﬁnest, 271/Jc; good to

prime, 2514261127c; common to fair, 2361)


25c; packing, 1f11A3611221/2c as to quality,


Eggs.»~Supplies continue light at all

points and values are steadily mOunting

to a higher level. The local quotation on

current receipts is 1/20 higher than a.

Week ago. Current offerings‘, candled,

quoted at 2135c per dozen.


Chicago.——A general advance of 161.20

since last week is noted. Market ﬁrm.

Current receipts, 1461121c; ordinary ﬁrsts,


211/261221/2c; ﬁrsts, 23611231/2c; extra, 280;

checks, 1261‘14c; dirties. 146916e per doz.


New York.»—Last week’s big jump in

values is increasing receipts. The mar-

ket is steady at last week's values. Fresh

gathered extras, 2861.300; extra ﬁrs‘ts, 26

6127c; ﬁrsts, 246125c; western gathered

whites, 226128c per dozen.


Poultry.—The local market is easier

this week, due. to a rather limited de-

mand. Quotations are lower on all kinds

cXt-ept turkeys. Quotations are: Live.—

Broilers, 18c; hens, 146115c; No, 2 hens,

116112c; old roosters, 1061111c; turkeys,

17611.81-; geese, 1161‘12c; ducks, 130 per lb.


Chicago.—-'1‘urkeys and geese higher;

other kinds a shade lower. Market in

fairly good condition. Quotations on live

arc: Turkeys, good weight, 20c; others,

15c; fowls, good. 14611141/2c; spring chick-


ens, 1761/18c; ducks, 12@13c; geese, 1061)

13c: guinea hens, $4 per dozen.


New York—Dressed poultry dull with

prices slightly lower. Fresh dressed west-

ern chickens, 1761221/20; fowls, 1561119145c;

turkeys, 1861200


Cheese.~ltlasy.‘ \Vholesale lots, Michi-


gan llatS, 131/261140; New York flats, 151/“,

61‘16c; brick cream, 151/261116c; limburger,

l5‘/2@16c.


FRUITS ‘ND VEGETABLES.


Apples.~—Marliet about the same as a

week ago with supplies running below

normal. Now being quoted at 50c611$1 per

1111., and $250613 per bbl.


Huckleberrles.—ln a little better sup-

ply and lower. Quote-d at $4.25614.50 per

bushel. .


Peaches.—Supply increasing and market

is becoming more. active. Prices range

from $1612 per bu.


Potatoes.-Shipments are of inferior

quality in most instances. Values rule

steady with last week. Dealers believe

the market will not drop considerable be-

cause of the light crop of the country.

imported tubers are quoted at $2.506112.60

per 21/2 bu. sack. Per bushel, 851-61$1.


TOmatoes.—Increased offerings has put

Values on a lower basis. Home-grown

000611.131 per bu.


Cabbage.»—Steady.

at $2.256112.50 per bbl.


Good quality quoted


GRAND RAPIDS.


Tuesday morning’s market was the

biggest of the season, with 700 people in

attendance and 475 loads of fruit and

farm produce. Fruit prices ranged as


follows: Peaches, $1.50@2; pears. $50069

$1.25; plums, $1631.50; apples, 35@650;

grapes, $2602.50 per dozen 4-lb. baskets.


About 1,500 bushels of potatoes were sold

at prices ranging from 2565700. The tu-

bers are of better size now. Tomatoes

were in good supply and sold at 500 per

bu. Much complaint is heard of dry rot


which will greatly reduce the tomato

crop in this section.

smaller size than usual andsell at $161)

1.50 per dozen. Hay is worth $17@19.

Jobbers are paying the country trade 200

for eggs and 23c for dairy butter. \Vheat

is worth 85c; oats, 410: corn, 77c; bean-3,

$1.50. In live poultry broilers are worth

136114c; fowls, 116112c. ‘


DETROIT RETAIL PRICES.


Eastern Market—(in Tuesday morning

the supply of produce was not sufficient

to satiSfy demands and growers did not

have to cut prices. The variety of vege—

tables and fruits was narr0w for this

season. Cucumbers were in fair supply

with prices for the larger (mes ranging

from 90c61‘$1.50; picklers,1206112l've per

hundred; celery, 256130c per large bunch;

corn, 5061650 per six-dozen sack; toma-

toes 85c@$1.20 per bu; onions, $1.15; po-

tatoes, '856195c; cabbage, 901-61795]; pears,

$1; radishes, 25c per ten bunches. Loose

hay $136016 per ton.


THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.


Buffalo.

August 25, 1913.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).


Receipts of stock here today as follows:

Cattle, 130 cars; hogs, 55 double decks;

sheep and lambs, 35 double decks; calves,

800 head.


With 130 cars of cattle on our market


here today, trade ruled active with prices .


At the


about 10c higher than last week.

and


close everything was cleaned up

maiket closed steady. '

\Ve quote: Bert 1350 to 1500-lb. steers,

$8.7561‘9.10; best 1200 to 1300-lb. d0., $8.50

618.75; best 1100 to 1200-lb. d0., $8.25@

8.60; coarse and plain heavy steers, $7.75

6118; choice handy steers, $8608.40; fair

to good 1000 to 1100—lb. steers, $775608;

grassy 800 to 1000—lb. steers, 3372561775;

bei~t cows, $650617; butcher cows, $5.50

616; cutters, $450615; trimmers, $3.756”;

bes‘t heifers, $775618; medium butcher

heifers, $650617; :tock heifers, $5.35@

$5.50; best feeding steers, 512725611750; fair

to good do., $675617; common light stock-

ers, $6616.25; be‘r't butcher bulls, $66117;

best bologna bulls, $5.25615.75; stock bulls

$5615.50; best milkers and springers, $7061)

80; common to good do., $506160.

Receipts of hogs were light again to-

day, about 55 double decks on sale. Lib-

eral receipts at all western markets had

but little eflect on our trade, and the

general irmrkct ruled full steady with the

close of Saturday. Heavy quotable from

$9.2563131.50; mixed and mediums, $9.506?)

51.60; yorkers, $51.65619.75; pigs, $9.25619.50;

ioughs, $8618.25; stags, $7618. Our market

closed strong and everything sold. 4

The sheep and lamb market was active

today, with prices about 15c higher than

the close of last week; most of the choice


lambs selling from $8618.15; few fancy

at $8.25; yearlings, $5.50616.50. Look for

steady to strong prices the balance of


the week. \\'e Quote: Choice lambs, $8

618.25; cull to fair (10., $6607.75; yearlings

$5.5061/6.50; bucks, $3613.50; wethe-rs, $5.25

61550; handy ewes, $475615; heavy ewes,

$4604.25; cull sheep, 325061.350; veals,

chOice to extra, $12.5061‘13; fair to good,

$106012; heavy calves, $550618.


Chicago.

.\ ugust 25, 1913.


Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today ...... 23,000 50.000 33,000

Same day last year..l8,579 26.844 34.745


Receipts last \\'e‘ek...47,378 105,519 108,106

Same week last year.46,141 08,661 111,428


Too many cattle. 23,000 locally, for the

opening day market this week, and 85.500

at six western points, Kansas City alone

getting 38,000, put the trade in a weak

condition. Choice to prime heavy and

best yearling steers were exceptions.

These sold steady while for all other

classes it was a 10c lower market. This

decline offset for the bulk of the crop

above $8, the advance scored in late days

of the previous week. l’rime 1,428-lb.

steers sold up to $0.10 and a fair crop of


fat heavy and yearling bullocks made

$875619. Bulk of medium to good 1,100


to 1,350-lb. steers sold at $8618.50 and

common light grassers down to $7.25. A

range run of 3,000 head sold 10c lower.

Quality was common, few steers going

above $7.10 and range she stock at $5.25

616.75. Native cows and heifers were un-


changed from last week, also bulls and

calves. but feeder supplies were, larger

than recently and buyers broke prices


1061150


.HOg supply of 50.000 was far above ex-

pectancy and caused 106120c decline for

all excepting light weights. Latter class-

cx‘ were steady to strong and sold up to

$9.30, a point 5c higher than the previous

week’s top. ‘\Vide—priced spread contin-

ued in force, grassy packing sows having

to sell down to $7.25. Average weight of

hogs last week was 230 lbs. against 235

lbs. the previous week and 241 lbs. a

year ago.


On a supply of 33,000 sheep and lambs,

former grades sold strong to 100 higher

while. lamb market showed 15671250 de-

cline from the close of the week previous.

Bulk of the run comprised range lambs

in contrast to the scant quota of them

marketed the week before. Range and

native lambs topped at $8.15 and best

wethers made $4.75 with ewe; at $4.50.


Numerically supplies of cattle still con-

tinue heavy at all markets, result of dry

weather forcing in many pasture steer,

but from a beef standpoint the crop is

not above trade needs. Feeders con'Sti-

tute a big portion of the Kansas and

Oklahoma cattle being marketed at Kan-

sas City and there is a broad demand for

them not only from the east but as well

from western sections where fall feed is

sure to be plentiful. All desirable fat

beef steers found a good market last

week, prices showing 10@15c gain. Choice


Muskmelons are of-


to prime yearling and heavy steers eS-

pecially were in keen request. Medium

and plain natives ran against seasOnable

range cattle competition and showed a

barely steady basis. Range run totaled

7,700 head and while quality still contin-

ued to show up plaine-r than this time

a year ago, offerings were of a little bet-

ter class than marketed earlier in the

Season. Prime heavy natiVe steers top-

ped at $9.15, comparing with $10.60 a.

'year ago. Yearlings sold up to $9 and a.

geneI‘Ous quota of choice heavies made

58-65619. A spread of 55815611850 took

medium to good light and middle weight

rteet‘s and common to fair light grassers

and warmed up cattle made $760618, these


being relatively higher than a lot of

strictly good sorts, when dressing per-

centages are taken into consideration.


Tailing natives sold down to $7.25. Range

steers topped at $8, bulk for beef trade

making $7617.35, and range feeders $6.25

@675.


Competition from

little lower selling of

barring prime grades.


rangers effected a

native she stock

Latter were in


good call, and fancy yearling heifers

brought 3186063885; fair to choice

heifers. $6.606a7.85, good to prime cows,


$6.25617.50 and grass cows $4.85@6.15.

Canners sold at $325654 and cutters up


to $4.75. Bull trade continued low, bo-

lognas making $5.256175.75 and fair to


choice butcher bulls $6.10@7.40. Calves

rebounded to prices close up to highest

of the season, topping at $11.50 and plain

to good vealers made $1061111.25. Heavies

Sold at $5617.50.


High price-s failed to scare out feeder

cattle buyers. A big number of Michi-

gan, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania

farmers, whose pastures are good and

who will have a heavy crop of ‘eorn

bought freely of 600 to 1100-1b. steers.


Choice grades, both. yearling and ﬂeshy

feeders, sold at $7.65@7.90, and bulk of

medium to good 600 to 850-lb. cattle at

$7617.50. only common light stockers go—

ing down to $6.50. Stock heifers of good

kind cost $6.-15@6.40 and a fair to good

class of stock cows $5655.75. Milkers and

springers sold freely at prices $561710

higher than noted late in July. Not

enough of the best ones came to fill de-

mands. Prime reached $9060100 per head,

medium to good 356061175 and common sold

down to $50.


Hogs have gone to lowest average levels


since last spring and widest spread in

prices for some years past has been

shown. Various quality grades have Sold


from $7.25619.25, and bulk of 280 to 325-


lb. hogs below $8. Light weights and

choice butchers command a big pre-

mium. Following severe breaks to bed


rock levels the country has shut off gen-

erous receipts and some repairing of de-

clines was witnessed in the past week.

Rise in corn prices was a factor forcing

big porcine supplies into the markets and

again there was shortage of stock water

in many of the drought driven sections

which caused feeders to let the stuff come

to market. The country is taking a lit-

tle more bullish view of hogs now, how-

ever, since the price break appears to

have al30ut run its course. Any strength-

ening of demand from packers should

bting about a narrower spread in values.

lleavies are intrinsically too low. Pack-

ers are evidently cutting them up at big


proﬁt. -\ heavy crop of grassy sows still

comes forward and there is evidence of

swine sickness in many districts since

pigs are frequent among the arrivals,


many of them being of suspicious health.

Demand for hog cholera serum from state

laboratories is increasing fast, further in-

dication that the crop faces a serious

condition of ill health and losses can only

assert a bullish influence on prices for

those which survive. »


An upward trend of affairs has marked

the ovine trade, especially for lambs. Ad—

vanc'es of 5061750 were scored last week

while sheep went 1560250 higher. It is

the season when a big movement of range

fattcvned stuff is under way and most

westerns are ewes and wethers. Lamb

scarcity is acute at present since the crop

of southern lambs has quit running freely.

Idaho, \\'yoming and Montana are fur—

nishing bulk of supplies, and the good

condition of stock permits feeders getting

only a short quota of purchases. Lambs

advanced to a top of $8.25 and bulk of


rangers went at $7.6061‘18 while natives

sold at _$6.50618.25 with inferior down to

35.25. Feeding lambs brought $650637.


Range wethers topped at $4.85 and culls

sold down to $2.25. Range and native

yearlings made $475656, range ewes $3.25

6i4.23. Native ewes topped at $4.40 with

culls at $2.50.


LIVE STOCK NEWS.


“'hat the cattle raisers of Oklahoma

and Kansas lost by the drought, feeders

in eastern states have gained. In recent

Weeks forced liquidation of thousands of

thin steers from pastures in drought-

stricken states has enabled feeders in

sections where both corn and grass still

held in good shape, to load up pastures

with big purchases at cheaper prices.

Recently when the Kansas City market

had 28.700 cattle in one day and nearly

18.000 of these were feeder kinds. prices

broke 2561150c but within two days so

keen was the demand from feeder buy-

ers in Town, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan

and Ohio. values were quickly readjusted

to top levels again. The eastern country

is shy on thin cattle and fairly long on

cheap feed. A certainty of fat beef short-

age next spring and summer is inducing

farmers to take long chances on feeding

high-priced corn to high costing thin

Steers. Many of them look for a return

of the $106211 fat steer market which was

had a year ago.


Pennsylvania.

Adams Co.——Hay was a fairly good crop

but quality rather poor. Wheat yielding

Well. Corn prospects normal.


'4‘?)
”a.“ 15,-.”-


.-. 1.1.5.55-


AUG? a: 1’13.


' THIS IS THE FIRST EDITION.


In the ﬁrst edition the Detroit Live

Stock Markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the iast edition. The ﬁrst

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning.

mailed to those who care more to get the

Mer early than they do for Thursday’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib—

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.


DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.


(Thursday’s Market.

August 21, 1913.

Cattle.


Receipts, 1305. All grades dull at Wed—

nesday’s and last week’s prices.


We quote: Steers and heifers, 1000 to

1200, $7@7.50; do., 800 to 1000, $6.50@7.25;

grass steers and heifers that are fat, 800

to 1000, $6.50@7.25; do 500 to 700. $6@

6.50; choice fat cows, $5.75Ca/6; good do.,

$5.25@ 5.50; common do., $450115; can-

ners, $3@4; choice heavy bulls, $6.25@

6.50; fair togood bolognas, bulls, $5.75@

6; stock bulls, $4.50@5; choice feeding

steers, 800 to 1000, $6.75@7; fair do., 800

to 1000, $6.50@6.75; choice stockers. 500 to

700, $6.25@6.50; fair do, 500 to 700. $5.75@

6;‘stock heifers, $5.25@5.75; milkers, large

young. medium age, $606185; common do.

$40©55.


Bishop. B. & H. sold Kendall 6 feeders

av 705 at $6.75, 5 stockers av 690 at $6.50;

to Breitenbeck 7 butchers av 614 at $5.80;

to Johnson 10 feeders av 795 at $6.90; to

Jesse 5 do av 816 at $6.60; to Bragg 11

canners av 866 at $4; to Newton B. Co.

5 canners av 934 at $7.40, 3 cows av 866

at $5.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 steer Weigh-

ing 1270 at $8, 9 cows av 993 at $5, 4 heif-

ers av 625 at $6, 5 butchers av 570 at $5.

1 heifer weighing 760 at $5.75, 3 cows av

1073 at $5.75; to Bresnahan 16 heifers av

540 at $5.65; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1

bull weighing 1290 at $6, 2 cows av 1010

at $4, 1 do weighing 910 at $4.50, 3 do

av 933 at $4, 1 do weighing 900 at $4.50,

1 bull weighing 700 at $5.60; to Bracy 5

canners av 870 at $4.25; to Newton B. Co.

1 cow weighing 850 at $4.50, 2 do av 1140

at $6, 10 butchers av 818 at $6.40; to Sul-

livan 1‘. Co. 12 do av 854 at $6.35; to Marx

1 stcer weighing 1030 at $7; to Rattkow-

sky 5 cows av 1040 at $5.20; to Kendall 4

feeders av 727 at $6.75; to Bresnahan 12

butchers av 560 at $5.75; to Kull 1 cow

weighing. 1270 at $6, 10 steers av 841 at

$7; to Bray 3 cows av 977 at $4.25, 8 do

av 834 at $4; to Newton B. Co. 12 butch—

ers av 986.at $5.75; to Kull 4 steers av

850 at $7; to Hammond, S. & Co. 22 do

av 1100 at $8; to Newton B. Co. 24 do av

1000 at $7.25; to Parker. W. & C0. 27 do

av $1004 at $7.40; to Jesse 10 do av 690

at 6.


Haley & M. sold LaBoe 19 stockers av

543 at $5.75, 1 bull weighing 520 at $5.25,

3 stockers av 453 at $5.50; to Johnson 9

do av 584. at $6.50, 5 do av 645 at $6.60; to

Applebaum 5 butchers av 510 at $5.25, 9

do av 491 at $5.80, 2 cows av 1080 at $5.35;

to Kuil 3 bulls av 747 at $5.50, 1 cow


. weighing 960 at $5; to Lachalt 3 butchers


av 740 at $6.10, 3 do av 677 at $6.15. 2

cows av 745 at $5, 2 do av 930 at $6.10;

to Bresnahan 10 heifers av 610 at $6; to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows av 955 at $5.65, 1

do weighing 960 at $5, 3 heifers av 550 at

$5; to Rattkowsky 2 cows av 1010 at

$5.75; to LaBoe 4 stockers av 480 at $5.50:

to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull weighing 1320 at

$6.75, 3 do av 937 at $5.75, 3 do av 1107

at $5.85; to Sullivan P. Co. 3 do av 532

at $5; to Thompson Bros. 2 do av 1090 at

$6; to Roky 4 'stockers av 512 at $5.25, 4

do av 587 at $6, 4 do av 540 at $5.50.


Spicer & R. sold Lowenstein 22 stockers

av 490 at $6, 23 do av 565 at $6.40; to

Kull 3 cows and heifers av 990 at $7, 5

butchers av 850 at $6.75; to Bracy 3 cows

av 890 at $4.10, 1 do weighing 1050 at

$5, 2 canners av 750 at $4; to Sullivan P.

Co. 7 cows and bulls av 924 at $5.73: to

Kull 2 steers av 905 at $5.60; to Riley 2

stockers av 560 at $5.50; to Goodwin 5

cows av 1000 at $4.90.


Roe Com. Co. sold LaBoe 8 stockers av

51.2 at $5.50. 8 do av 550 at $6.10, 3 bulls

av 557 at $5.25, 2 heifers av 525 at $5.50;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 3 canners av 833

at $3.75; to Bray 2 bulls av 725 at $5.25;

to Rattkowsky- 2 cows av 1080 at $5; to

Rolncr 1 bull weighing 970 at $5.30; to

Newton B. Co. 5 steers av 966 at $6.75,

1 bull weighing 1270 at $5.50; to Bray 1

cow weighing 750 at $3.50, 2 do av 925

at $4; to Sullivan P. Co. 6 do :iv 1056 at

$5.60, 3 heifers av 666 at $6.25. 2 do av

565 at $5. 1 bull weighing 700 at $5.50, 2

do av 655 at $5.50; to Kamman B. Co.

26 butchers av 740 at $6.50. 2 cows av

975 at $6. 1 steer weighing 1200 at $7.25;

to Parker, W. &. C0. 2 bulls av 1285 at

$6, 2 do av 925 at $5.80. 1 do Weighing

1040 at $5.80; to Bresnahan 4 heifers av

660 at $6.10; to Bray 1 cow weighing 800

at $4, 5 stockers av 676 at $6 25, 3 cows

av 917 at $4.10; to Sullivan 1’. Co, 1 bull

weighing 1150 at $6, 1 do weighing 680 at

$5.25; to Hammond, S. & Co 6 cows av

910 at $4.


Bigelow sold Mich. B. Co. 12 butchers

av 340 at $7, 6 do av 733 at $6.


Veal Calves.


Receipts. 476. Market strong at last

week’s prices. Best, $11@11.50; others.

$7@10.50.


Haley & M. sold Newton B. Co. 3 av

140 at $11; to Goose 5 av_155 at $11.50,

5 av 190 at $8.50. 12 av 225 at $6. 6 av

155 at $11, 3 av 250 at $6.50: to Mich. B.

Co. 7 av 175 at $11: to Newton B. Co. 5

av 160 at $11.50; to Goose 5 av 150 at

$10.50, 5 av 160 at $11.50; to Newton B.

Co. 3 av 180 at $11.50. 2 av 135 at $10,

14 av 150 at $11.25, 9 av 140 at $11.


Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 8

av 160 at $11, 9 av 200 at $11; to Thomp-

son Bros. 4 av 180 at $11.25; to Parker,

W. & Co. 4 av 170 at $10.75; to Sullivan

P. Co. 5 av 155 at $11.50, 7 av 175 at

$11.50, 4 av 150 at $11. -


Bishop, B. 8: H. sold Sullivan 1?. ‘Co.


The ﬁrst edition is


a


TH'E MICHIGAN FARMER


5 av 155 at $11, 3 av 185 at $11.50, 1

weighing 170 at $11, 5 av 165 at $11, 1

weighing 140 at $9, 6 av 165 at $11.50, 2

av 150 at $11, 2 av 160 at>$11; to Parker,

\V. & Co. 15 av 150 at $11, 7 av 185 at

$11.25; to Applebaum 7 av 275 at $6.50,

2 av 150 at $8.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 av

140 at $9.50, 8 av 155 at $11.50, 3 av 150

at $10.50; to McGuire 1 weighing 270 at

$9, 9 av 150 at $11, 1 Weighing 140 at $10,

3 av 180 at $10.50, 4 av 130 at $11; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 10 av 160 at $11.50.

8 av 150 at $11, 2 av 195 at $8.50, 2 av

130 at $7. _

Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts, 4858. Market steady at VVed-

netday’s prices; lambs 25c lower than

last week. Best lambs. $675627; fair to

good do, $6.25lii/650; light to common do.,

$5@5.50; fair to good sheep, $4@4.50; culls

and common, $2.50.?r'3.


Spicer & R. sold Parker TV. & Co. 20

lambs av 55 at $66, 15 do av 57 at $6.25,

17 sheep av 80 at $3.75; to Sullivan P. Co.

24 lambs av 73 at $6.50; to Thompson

Bros. 23 rhee-p av 95 at $3.50; to Parker,

\‘V. & Co. 10 lambs av 61 at $6; to

Thompson Bros. 5 sheep av 110 at $4, 15

lambs av 63 at $6.50; to Sullivan P. Co.

39 do av 75 at $6.75.


Roe Com. Co. sold Barlage 12 sheep av

105 at $2.25, 31 lambs av 75 at $6.50, 58

do av 77 at $6.50; to Mich. E. Co. 156 do

av 70 at $6.45, 92 do av 83 at $6.65, 42

sheep av 100 at $4; to Barlage 10 do av

101 at $4; to Hayes 19 do av 75 at $4.50,

2] lambs av 65 at $6.50.


Haley & M. sold Hathaway 19 sheep av

115 at $3.75, 20 do av 95 at $3.50, 50 lambs

av 70 at $6.50, 3". do av 67 at $6.50; to

Newton B. Co. 20 sheep av 125 at $3.50,

145 lambs av 73 at $6.50; to Sullivan P.

Co. 65 lambs av 75 at $6.50; to Mich. B.

CO. 80 yearlings av 75 at $5, 11 sheep av

120 at $3.75; to Ycupgs 59 sheep av 100 at

$3.40, 133 lambs av 66 at $6.60: to Newton

B. CO. 3 do av 55 at $6.25, 25 do av 75

at $6.75, 5 shcep av 110 at $4; to Park-

er, XV. & C0. 53 limbs av 65 at $6.50.


Downing sold Tuck 45 sheep :iv 90 at $3.


Same sold Sullivan P. Co. 41 lambs av

58 at $5.75.


Bishop. B. & H. sold Tack 8 sheep av

130 at $3.50, 423 (it) av 90 at $3.15, 10 (ll)

av 82 at $3, 11 do av 90 at $2; to Sulli-

van 1’. Co. 14 limbs av 55 at $5.50: to

Parker. KY. & Co. 8 do av 90 at $7: to

Nagle P. Co. 84 do av 75 at $6.75. 52 do

av 70 at $6.75. 45 do av 73 at $6.75. 22

sheep av 100 at $4, 56 do av 85 at $4: to

Sullivan P. Co. 27 Limbs av 58 at $5.50;

to “'hite 80 yearlings av 75 at $5: to

Sullivan P. CO. 126 lambs av 55 at $5.50;

to Nagle P. Go. 14 sheep av 100 at $4; to

Fitzpatrick Bros. 23 do av 115 at $4, 1

buck Weighing 160 at $3.25; to Nagle P.

On. 23 sheep av 110 at $4; to Calkins 10

sheep av 95 at $3, 5 do av '85 at $2.75; to

Applebaum 2 buck-s. av 160 at $3.25: to

Fitzpatrick Bros. 61 lambs av 70 at $6.75:

to Nagle P. Co. 19 sheep av 115 at $4; to

Nagle P. Co. 80 lambs av 70 at $6.75. 34

do av 70 at $6.65. 51 do av 75 at $6.65, 54

do av 75 at $7; to Young 27 sheep av 105

at $3.25; to Hayes 67 lambs av 55 at $5.75;

to Youngs 33 lambs av 70 at $6.60, 8 sheep

av 110 at $3, 22 do av 80 at $3.25.


. Hogs.


Receipts, 2174. None sold at noon; looks

steady with Wednesday.


Range of prices: Light to geod butch-

ers. $8.90@9; pigs, 38.90629; light yorkers,

$890619; heavy, $8.60@8.75; stags one-

third off.


Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 225

av 190 at $9.


Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

230 av 190 at $9. 20 av 210 at $8.90.


Haley & M. sold same 250 av 195 at

$9. 75 av 215 at $8.90.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

810 av 180 at $9, 317 av 170 at $8.95, 80

av 150 at $8.90.


Friday’s Market.

August 22, 1913.


Cattle.

Receipts this week, 1316; last week,

1362. Market steady at Thursday’s close.


Dry—fed steers and heifers,

$8: steers and heifers. 1000 to 1200, $7@

7.50; do. .800 to 1000, $6.50@7.25; grass

steers and heifers that are fat, 800 to

1000, $6.50@7.25;-d0. 500 to 700, $661650;

choice fat cows. $6; good do., $5.25@5.50;


“'e quote:


common do., 34.506550; canners, 33(6)

4.25; choice heavy bulls, $6.25; fair to


good bolognas, bulb, $550606; stock bulls

$450625; choice feeding steers, 800 to 1000

$675637; fair do., 800 to 1000, $6.50@6.75;

choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6.25@6.50:

fair do., 500 to 700, $5.75a‘6; stock heif-

ers, $5.25@5.75; milkers, large. young. me-

dium age, $606385; common mllkers, $40

@50.

Veal Calves.

Receipts this week. 522; last week, 671;


Market steady to 500 higher. Best, $11

@112; others, $8@10.75.


Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts this week. 5395; last Week.

4056. Market steady. Best lambs, $6.75

m7; fair to good lambs. 362569650; light

to common lambs. $5615.75; fair to good


sheep, $5614.50; culls and common, $2.50

@3.


Hogs.

Receipts this “'Pek, 2418; last week,


Market steady to 10c higher.


Range of prices: Light to good butch-

crs. $9699.10; pigs. $9; light yorkcrs, $9

$9.10; heavy, $8.70@8.90; stags one-third

of. '


2950.


Steps arebeing taken by prominent

ranchmen to improve the quality of their

cattle. The American Ranch. of Mon—

tana. is preparing to engage extensively

in the pure-blood Hereford cattle indus-

try and has already purchased the regis-

tered cows of James L. Johnston. of

\Vhite Sulphur Springs. which were for-

merly the top c0ws of the celebrated Cat-

lin herd of Manlapa. The herd will be

increased frOm time to time and made

as good as careful breeding can make

it. Young bulls will be fer sale in later

years. and the plan is to make the busi-

ness a proﬁtable one.


(COntinued from page 172).

fence and recover expense of same by

following proper legal forms to have the

cost assessed against the property and

collected the same as other taxes are

collected.


There are, however, few cases in which

adlspute of this kind cannot be Settled

amicably and this is far the better way

in every case


THE DUTY OF THE HUSBAND.


It's the duty of the husband to see that

his wife is supplied with modern equip—

ment with which to lighten her labor.


Outside of the house, labor-saving ma-

chinery has worked a revolution in farm-

ing. Very few men walk the ﬁelds any

more, and most of the back-breaking jobs

of ten years ago are now being done by

machines.


As we make the work caSier in the

ﬁeld, let us not forget the woman in the

house. Keep an eye on the advertise-

ments in the Michigan Farmer. Quite

frequently something is advertised that

the wife should have.


HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.


National.


Three persons Were drowned in Goguac

lake, near Battle Creek,‘ Sunday.


Rural visiting nurse aSsociations are

meeting with success where they have

been tried and the work is being extend-

ed to new territory. In Massachusetts

and New York thc plan has already been

pronounced as thoroughly practical and

now the work is stzn'tcd by womcn in the

state ofiPennsylvania.


The police department of Detroit is

waging a wholesale war upon organized

vice in that city. Already many places

0f vice have been closed and the order

has gone out that no more liquor can be


'rold in these houses.


The wife of Owen “'istcr, the novel-

ist, died in Philadelphia, Sunday. She

was actively identiﬁed with educational

wrirk in that city.


Five persons were killed and thrcc. scr-

iously injured when the automobile in

which they wcre riding was hit by :1

train at St. Johns. Indiana.


The dairy and food department and the

health department of b/Iichigan are lind-

ing lnuch work that 11ccds to bc dcuc in

Detroit. In the cold storagcs of thc ('ll"

large quantitics of food wcrc bcirg hc‘nl

that was totally unﬁt for consumption

Slaughter houses are being visited thi-

wcck and it is announced that a lam"

number of the many rcStaurants will :l‘S-‘

be probed, as well as concerns vending

wines, whiskcys and soda.


The third‘ scsFion of thc iutcrnntlonxl

congress of rcfrigcruticu will be held in

Chicago September 17 to Nchmbcr 30.

At a banquet the guests are to be scrvwl ,

daintics kept in cold storage undcr thc

supervision of thc T'nitcd States gtlvcl‘u-

ment~ till the day of the toad.


An innovation is being installed on thc

trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad in

the form of a wireless telephonc system

for the use of engineers and conductors.

It is expected that the system will aid in

preventing accidents.


The political situation in New York

State has not been settled and the prob-

able outcome of the present predicament

cannot be foretold. It is announced that

a criminal conspiracy charge is to be

brought against Tammany by the Sulzcr

forces and by this means they expect to

delay impeachment proceedings against

Governor Sulzcr. On the other hand,

Tammany, among other things, is work—

ing through the federal government to

start a probe of Sulzer’s activities in cer-

tain Latin-American claims while he was

still a member of Congress.


The state of' Nebraska now has a

mothers’ pension law in operation. 'l‘llc.

statute provides a pcnSiOn for mothers!


who have three children or more and noI

means of support. The purpose of the;

law is to hold such families together;

where. otherwise, it would be impossible.

A plan is under way whereby the wasw

crops of Berrien county, Mich.. will be

gathered and forwarded to Chicago for

usc by charity associations.

Representatives of lllinois and Minne-

sota have been studying the cement roads

0f “’ayne county, Mich, which roads

have recently attracted such widc atten-

tion among road builders of the country.

Edward Rowlcy was killed and the son

of Charles Root is dying as the result of

:1 carriage in which they and three oth~

crs were riding. being struck by a Grand

Trunk train at Charlotte. -

The settlement of the copper country

strike seems no ncarcr than a ~wcck ago.

A few of the shafts are now bciug work-

Pd by small forces of mcn but thc own-

crs are not optomistic regarding the. ex—

tension of operations to idlc propcrly.

The men appear to be holding together

well and it is reported that ﬁnancial as—

sistance from western miners has been

received. Judge Alfred .1. Murphy. of

Detroit, special rcpresentativc of (lover-

nor Ferris in the controversy. has re-

ported to the executive his ﬁndings of a

several—day investigation. The nature of

his recommendations has not been made

public. The federal department of labor

has been endeavoring to act as a go—be—

tween but has found both sides unwilling

to compromise and so reports failure in

this direction.

Foreign.


The policy' of the United States towards

M'Pxif‘n is winning support from other

countries. It has become known that

Great Britain. France. Japan and prac—

tically all the Central and South -Amerl‘=

can countries are nowco—operating with


-.


19-183


the government at ‘Washington to bring

about a peaceful settlement of the Mex-

ic’an revolution. President Wilson de-

clares that unless satisfactory overtures

are made by the Huerta government by

Tuesday of this week, he will present in

person in a. meSsage to both Houses of

Congress the principle that constitutional

government alone can be recognized in

Mexico. He also will plan for the elim—

ination of Huerta and the establishment

of a legally constituted administration in

the republic. Such a program carried

through would put Mexico on a ﬁrm

political basis and would better protect

the interests of the other countries. hence.

their support of the policy.


Two aviators were killed Sunday in the

hydro-aeroplane race from Paris to Dean-

ville, a distance of 200 miles. There

Were nine starters in the contest and the

distance was covered by the winner in

three hours and 48 minutes.


A hurricane swept Messina, of southern

Italy, Sunday, and many buildings were

destroyed. The river also broke its em-

bankmcnt, flooded many of the lower

portions of the city and made rescue

work difﬁcult.


There is every prospect that the mar-

ketings of northwestern range cattle this

year will showalarge falling off compared

with last year, especially from Montana

and .in a less marked degree from \Vy-

pining, North Dakota and South Dakota.

This prbmises to help materially in main-

taining prices for beef cattle, especially

as no excessive supplies of fat native

cattle are expected. Under all the cir-

CumHtanccs, gcod prices for beef cattle

are (-onlidcntlv expected for the remaind-


c1‘ of the summer and all through the

autumn months. and stockmen should

use every means possible for making


their cattle good and fat before shipping

to market.


The worst feature of the sheep and

lamb trafﬁc is the extreme irregularity

with which they are umrkctcd. much of


the time either a feast or a famine. in

some recent weeks the Chicago and other

markets of the country have bceu fairly

gluttcll, particularly with spring lambs.

including liberal supplies shipped from

Louisville to the big Chicago packing

plants direct, while the marketing of

ldaho range spring lambs has at last

started up. Even far away Orcgon has

been shipping wcthcrs and yearlings to

Chicago. It is :1 time when Shecpmeu

should use extra care in selecting a time

for marketing their holdings, and it is

host where a largo Ilock is owned to di.

ville up the supply so as to have thcm

shipped in :it different times.


Horse Owners


Look to your interests and use

the safest, speediest and most

positive cure for ailments of

your horses. for which an ex-

ternal remedy can be used, viz:


60MBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM


Prepared exclusively

b J. E. Gombault, ex-


eterinarv Surgeon to

the French Government:

Stud.


SUPERSEDES ALI. CAUTERY 0R FIRING.


Impossible to produce any scar or blemish.

The safest best Blister ever used. Takes the

place of all liniments for mild or severe action.

lemoves all Bunches or Blemishes from Horses

or pattle.


Every bottle of Caustic Balsam sold is

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price 81.50

per bottle. Sold_ by druggists or sent by ex-

press, charges paid, with ull directions for its

use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-

nials, etc. Address


THE LAWRENCE-WILLIAIS OOIPANY, Cleveland, Ohio


WINTER SEEil WHEAT


KHARKOV YIELDS 50 T0 70 BU. PER ACRE A

Yield guaranteed. Write for catalog and circular, do-

acriblng the most wonderful variety ever introduced in

the U. S. BERRY'S IMPROVED KHARKOV. Just im-

Poﬂed direct from Russia. Has no enual. Largest yielder

known and withstands the severest winters. Have im-

roved Turkey Red, other vnrleties and Mammoth White

9. Large stock Alfalfa, Timothy and all Grass Seed.

VJrlte [or circular, free samples, special low price


A. A. Berry Seed 00.. Box 131, Clarinda,xowa


We Want HAY & STHAW


. We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal edvenceme is and prompt mmittnncea.


Illlel MCCaﬂrey’s Sons Co.


H"§BURG, PA.

Mun... Wuhinﬂon Trill. 0°!“an or my bank 1.0m


HAY 2‘51“]; gnu-L call-{cad lots to In.

. . [CH ..

Dem“. - 2313...?"


FARMERS—We are paying 50 above the

Ofﬁcial Detroit Market for

?:.“;Lizm:l‘"i:‘il"°“°“”1”“? sim-

. w Day you. me can u :-


Cheese 00.. 81-33 Griewold 8t" Detroit. Mich.


—8mnll consignments from pro-

EGGS! Etc- dnoern in Michigan bring 06er

attractive prices. Returns day of arrival.


. Refer to Dun or Bradstreet.

Zenith Bum:- . E“ 00., 855-“ Oreo-idol 58.. New Yor|,N.Y'
184—20


APEC

ENSILAGE CUTTER

Lighest Running Silo Filler Made


It cuts and elevates the highest quality of sil-

age at minimum cost for t1me, labor and re-

pairs. Built of iron and semi-steel; gear dr1ven

throughout; easily set up: fed from round;

convenient to operate; ﬁlls highest si 0s; a]:

most any power will run it: costs less for up-

keep, and barring accidents will last a life-

time It throws as well as blows and the si_l-

age is elevated in a steady stream, not in

bunches; it operates at slow speed and it is

absolutely safe Our catalog which explains

the construction in detail' 15 mailed free upon

request.


PAPEC MACHINE C0.. Box 50 Shortaville, N.Y.


Ill:


Hlllllllllllllllllllllll=


"1T THnows‘

AND BLOws "


25 Convenient Distributing Paints


IIIIIIIIllIIIlIllIIIIIlIIIlIIlIlIllIlllllIIIiIlllllllllllllllllllﬂlll‘iﬁ.

Eats Up Silage


lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllIllllllIlll|llllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlllllllllll


Q'IIIIIIIIIIIII|llllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll


Almost

Foods ltooif

There's no equal to the

oar! incl ensilage cutter. Almost

feeds itseifa Works steadily, Takes every-

thing ted green or dry. without a hitch. The


B L I Z ZA R D

Ensilage Cutter


cuts ﬁve different lengths. Knivesadjustahlewhen

in operation. Withi improved wind elevator it

carries the cut feed to any height. and distributes

it evenly. Built so simple and strong it outlasts

every machine of its kind. Absolutely guaranteed.

Mounted or unmounted. Write today for

Why Sil1a ePa s --a

Free Bonkle's 5' dolled down' 'edd'c‘xlivtion

on sila e-- (2) 1913 Blizzard Catalo .‘(3) hit

Ue ‘ay,’ ’contains scores of is

ten; from users. Any are liars free.

Write toda stating whether or not:

you have silo.


Tho Joe. Dick Why


1439 Tuscaroqut.

Canton. Ohio


HARVESTER with binder

attachment. cuts and throws

in piles on harvester or win-

row. Man and horse out and

Sold in every state.

Price only $20.00 with fodder binder. J. D. Borne,

Haswell. Colo. . writes. ' Your Corn harvester is all you

claim for it; out. tied and shocked 65 acres milo. sane and

corn last year. ” Testimonials and catalog free, show-

ipnﬁai ictures of harvester. Address


CESS MFG. C0.. Dept. 44. Salina. Kane.


New lehr Bean Harvester


The Most Perfect Machine on the Market.

Will do the work quickly and to your entire satis

faction. It is fully adjustable and you will ﬁnd it a

time and labor savor. f you are in need of a. har-

vester now is the time to buy.


erto today for our special prices.


THE LEHR AGRICULTURAL 00.,

Dept. M. Fremont. Ohio.


“MONARCH”

Cider Press '


will net more money

for you than any other

investment y o u c an

make. lobbl. to 400 bbl.

per day. Also makers

of apple buttercookers,

evaporators. etc.


A. B. FARQUHAR C0.. le., Box 108.. York. Pa.


NIAGARA SEED WHEAT


Awhite bald wheat that will yield 50 bushels per

acre. and will stand the most :severe winters. m-

oleaned at $1. 50 per bushel bags 250 extra!) cash with

order. no order accepted smaller than 5 bushels.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Michigan.


CORN


shook equal to a corn binder.


19 13 mus-

' 1 trated

Catalog

2338


THE MICHIGAN FAHRM'EIR'


‘DIVHEN one receives the premium

lists of the different fairs and

sees that a hundred or more


dollars are offered for a single collection

of fruit and ﬁfty cents to a dollar pre-

miums for single plates of ﬁve apples or

pears, or when he hears that some make

as much as six to eight hundred dollars

at one fair, he feels that he would like

to try a hand at it himself. He may also

want to join in a friendly contest with

his neighbors at the local or county fairs,

or show with pride that really such good

fruit can be grown in his particular lo-

cality.


All of these ambitions are worthy ones,

and it is only an ambitious grower who

will have thoughts along that line. There

occasionally are some lazy fellows who

grow no fruit at all but who are onto

the game, beg the fruit from their neigh-

bors and try to make some easy money.

SUCh fellows are seldom very successful

in getting premiums and will give it up

in a short time because the money does

not come easy enough. The honest ex-

hibitor need have but little fear (if com-

petition from such fellows for as soon as

they are found out things are made un-

comfortable for them.


The mere moncy gained by winning

premiums is not the only advantage gain-

ed by exhibiting. The fact that you have

won prizes is :1 good advertisement and

would look good on your letter heads if

the prizes are of any consequence at all.

Showing good fruit :1t local fairs where

the premium does not even pay for the

trouble is an act of public spiritcdness.

It shows what can be done by good care

and will lead others to cure for their or-

chard on account of the good example

shown.


Judging from much

ited at the fairs many


of the fruit cxhib-

people do not know


what constitutes 11 good collection or

plate of fruit. A single plate of either

apples or pears should consist of ﬁve


specimens, no more. or no less. Five is the

recognized standard in number of these

two fruits and any plate having more or

less will be scored againSt. Many plates

of ﬁne fruit have lost prizes on this ac-

count alone.


In other ways a good plate of fruit has

the same good features that :1 good box

or barrel of fruit does. It should be uni-

form in Size and color. Four medium

sized apples topped off with one large one

at ﬁrst sight presents a good appearance

but such a plate will rarely win a prize.

One green Specimen among four well col-

ored ones is also scored against. The

nearer alike the ﬁve fruits are in size,

color and shape the nearer it will come

to getting the blue tag. The fruit should

also be entirely free from blemishes and

be typical in shape, i. e., characteristic of

the variety. In size the fruit should also

be typical of the variety. Over-large fruit

wins no more prizes than that undersized.


For peaches and quinces ﬁve is the re-

quired number, and for crab apples and

plums one dozen is the standard number.

With these fruit, as with pears and 11p-

ples, anything other than the propernum-

her will be scored against. Uniformity in


SEED WHEAT


Dawson's Golden Ohaﬁ 260 bu. from 5 acres this

e.ar No smut. or no in wheat. 11.50 per bu.. bags free.

yMILLARD PATRICK. Webherville. Michigan.


SEED WHEAT


GOEING WHEAT. A hardy variety of bearded


A


red wheat. Stiff straw Never lod es. Very produo»

tivs. I have rown it for years. rite for sample

and price. 0L ON 0. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich_


—— ' . d . b d (1

Seed Wheat Qfgi’ﬁ‘eaé‘. “My “13.3 1


and productive. Goeing, a bearded red wheat. Iti

straw and a good. yielder Write for sample and

prices. E. H.411 0,0LLAR Ooopersville. Mich.


FALL PLANTING lS Bastieazyirzilut'a:


of Apple. Peach. Pear. Cherry, and other Trees

and plants. Bend for catalog at once and order for

early fall


Planting Ernst N ursenes,Box 2 ,.Moscow,0

RED WAVE


SEED WHEAI Ahardy heavy

yielding beardless Aariety. Bend today for circular.

WALLACE BROS.. Bay Shore. Michigan.


SEED WHE‘I—Buy improved seed wheat direct from

the producer. American Banner. Early


Windsor and Shepherd' s Perfection varieties. Amon


the highest yielding and best all round wheats tes


W.—


Size, color and shape is also just as im-

portant. For grapes ﬁve bunches is the

required number.


It is a mutter of personal preference of

the judge us to the value of wiping the


fruit. Personally I would not let that

matter influence my judgment. Dirt or

spray spots should. of course, be wiped


off. Fruit polished with parafﬁne wax or

‘by other means I would discriminate

against.


In making up a collection of fruits to

be entercd in the collection contests the

catalog should be studied well. There

may be a general collection, a collection

of market varieties and then the single

plate contests in which such common

varieties as Baldwin, ircening, etc, can

be entered. It would therefore be advis-

able to send three plates of each of those

varieties, having one for each conteSt.


In getting up collections for market


at. the Agricultural legs. Price


Secretion. Michigan Exp. Asa'n. Eastgfab using.A Mich.

Seed W eat. cleaned. bald. 1913N cro over


Gold ”"43 ha. phat! acre. $1.30 or bu. bags


free. Munoytov'm Shook Farm. lat Rock. 0Mich.


When writing to, advertisers please

mention The M1ch1gan Farmer.


purposes, dessert purposes, or family use,

it is advisable to use such varieties as

you have which you consider the best for

the purpOSe and have them selected so

that they will afford a. succession through

the season. In collections as well as with

plate contests, the number of fruits, size

and uniformity are important.


_Jl||||l|||||IIlllIIIllIlllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIlll||Iiilll||lillIlllllllllIllllillIllillllIllllIlllillllllllllIlllllllllll|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllillllllillll'lllllllllllllIlllllllllIllllﬂllﬂlliHlllllllIllllI|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllLL:


allllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllll||”Illllllllllllllllllll|IllllllllllllllllllllI|llll|llHIllllIllllllllllIllllllllllIllllllll|||lllllll||lllllll|IllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||Ill||llllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllif.

Selection of Fruits for Exhibition.


ﬂIlllilHIHHilllllﬂlllllllllllllllllllr


In arranging for the general collections

it should be kept in mind that while a.

large number of varieties is good, the

quality of the fruit is generally given ﬁrst

consideration. Often an exhibitor having

a large collection of many varieties of

fruit feels disappointed when the prize is

given to a smaller collection of better

quality fruit. He thinks the decision of

the judge unjust when his dissatisfaction

is really unjuSt.


It is very essential that all plates be

correctly labeled with the name of the

variety in the collection contests as well

as with single plates. Many have lost

prizes just because they failed to do this.


In packing exhibition fruit for shipment

great care should be used so as to pre—

vent bruising in transit. \X’hen fruit is

shipped by express it is not handled any

too carefully, and therefore it should be

thoroughly wrapped and packed. The riper

and softer fruit should have each individ-

ual specimen wrapped. The green and

hard winter fruit may be put in paper

sacks, enough for one plate in each sack,

and then well packed in barrels or boxeS.

Plenty of excelsior or paper should be

used where there will be any pressure on

the fruit.


It is advisable to pack extra specimens

for each plate; six or Seven, depending


we; to. 1913.


o


in securing specimens of fruit for exhl-l


bition purposes, or in gathering stray

fruits after the main bulk of the crop has

been harvested, the fruit picker becomes

a. useful implement.


If the following directions are followed

closely by one having a little mechanical

judgment he can construct a useful type

of picker: There are three parts to the

implement, the long handle, alcircle made

of wire at. the top and a tube constructed

of muslin cloth.

and twelve or more feet in length. The

wire circle is made about ﬁve inches in

diameter. “'here the wire comes together

the ends should be allowed to extend

about ﬁve or six inches and be bent at

right angles to the plane of the circle. At

the opposite side of the circle from where

the wire comes together there should be

a little lip bent into it projecting out-

ward. This circle is fastened ﬁrmly to

the end of the pole by means of the two

ends extending at right angles. Make

ready a casing or tube of light weight

muslin, open at both ends and as long as

the pole. Hem one end of this over the

circle of wire and allow the casing to

hang down beside the pole, fastening it

at intervals


To use, gather the lower end of the

casing in one hand, grasp the pole and

slip‘ it over the fruit, allowing the stem

to slip into the lip at the side. Give a

gentle pull and the fruit rolls down to

your 1and unbruised.


Ingham Co. E. L. LAMB.


FALL VEGETABLES.


The successful gardener does not de-

pend altOgether on his early spring vege-

tables, nor those harvested during mid-


Picking-baskets, Used for Harvesting Plu ms.


upon the liability of the fruit bruising.

For fruit requiring twelve specimens to

the plate, ﬁfteen ought to be packed and


in the case of plumS, which will rot,

twenty would be better.

Do everything you possibly can before


going to the fair. Pack the fruit so that

it will unpack with the least confusion.

Study the catalog thoroughly to learn ex—

actly the requirements that you may de-

termine just what you are going to enter

in the contests. The few days of unpack-

ing and setting up the exhibits are ones

of confusion and hurry. The work is

hard, even though you have everything

arranged conveniently.


Be sure to send your fruit early and

get there early yourself. The fair man-

agements are justly anxious to have

things in shape as soon as possible. The

D‘goplc who pay admission the ﬁrst day

are as much entitled to a good Show as

are those who attend later.


Any man who comes in with entries

after the fruit is arranged for judging is

imposing on the management. There is

a lot of work attached to getting the

fruit arranged for the judge. and when it

is brought in late it has to be all re—

arranged. The man who brings his fruit

in late should feel under obligations to

the management if they failed to allow

him to unpack it at all.


Van Buren Co. FRANK A_ VVILKEN.


A HOME-MADE FRUIT PICKER.


It is desirable to have a. fruit picker on

every fruit farm. By this it is not meant

that the fruit picking should all be done

by the use of mechanical pickers, but

that there always arise occasions for the

use of these implements where many

trees are producing fruit. ‘FOr instance,


summer, for his proﬁt. He keeps busy

all the year round and makes his truck

patch produce crops of some sort just as

late in the fall as it is possible to grow

them. Late fall vegetables are always in

demand and the gardener who can pro-

duce them is the one going to make the

most money. At this season of the year

many persons who planted gardens" in the

early spring have abandoned them to the

weeds and will depend entirely On the

produce market for their supply. As a

consequence the persons who make gard-

ening a business should reap a good prof-

it. It is a mistake to stop garden oper-

ations in August.


Those vacant places in the garden from

which the early crops have been harvest-

ed can be proﬁtably used. If it is too

late to sow some other vegetable crop,

plant it to crimson clover. This can be

done a little later on, but the earlier the

better. Sow the seed thickly and you

will obtain a fertilizer crop equal to a

coat of barnyard manure. In addition to

the hay that will be obtained the soil will

be put in excellent condition for the next

season.


Those gardeners who raise fruit in con-

nection with their other produce would do

well to closely watch their apple and

pear trees for signs; of scab and rust.

Once a week is not too often to give the

orchard an inspection, and if any trace is

diScovet'ed of insects or disease, Bordeaux

mixture should be applied.


An application of nitrate of Soda to the

late cabbage patch will have a good effect

and will be the means of reviving many

plants that look puny and poor. Con-

stant watchfulness for insect pests should

be “the. slogan of the gardener through

August,and September,


Texas. A. M. LATHAM.


The pole should be light ‘
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’ Veterinary. ,


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.CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR. V. S.’


Advice through this department is “free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably ﬁnd

the desired informa-tIOn in a reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice. and a. fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.


RingbOne—Exostosis.—I have a ﬁve-

year-old gelding that has a bunch on

pastern joint, had it ﬁred by local Vet.

three weeks ago, but the horse is still

very lame and I would like to know if it

would be advisable to haVe him ﬁred

again? I also have a cow with a bunch

on Shinbone situated a few inches below

hock joint. But this bunch causes no

lameness; however, it dcpreciates her

value and I would like to have it re-

moved. E. R. S., Schoolcraft, Mich.—I

do not believe it necessary to ﬁre him a

second time so soon; however. if he is

no better in ﬁve or six weeks, it will be

good practice to ﬁre him again. Kindly

understand he should have absolute rest

and kept in a dark place away from ﬁles.

Apply one part red iodide mercury, one

part iodine and eight or ten parts fresh

lard to bunch twice a week, and if th

shin bunch does not reduce it may be

necessary to cut it out.


Enlarged Joints—I have a horse that

has bunches on hind leg caused by stand-

ing on plank ﬂoor most of time when he

was young. but these bunches only show-

ed themselves this summer and as yet

have caused no lameness or other incon—

venience. I only regard the puffs as a

blemish, but as he is a valuable horse I

would like to have them taken off. C.

P.. Traverse City, Mich—The puffs in

joint are perhaps the result of sprain and

you will ﬁnd it difﬁcult to remove them.

Apply equal parts tincture iOdine and

spirits of camphor every day or two and

you will slowly reduce them. but it is

doubtful if you can remove the swelling

entirely until cold weather sets in.


Surfeit.~I have a mule which has a

breaking out on neck and upper part of

body and the skin is covered with pim—

ples which seem to Create an itchiness

that makes him quite uncomfortable C.

A. M.. Grand Rapids. Mich—Give your

mule a teaspoonful of hypo-sulphite soda

and a desSertspoonful of Fowler‘s solu-

‘tion of arsenic at a dose in feed three

times a day. Dissolve 1 oz. hypo-sulphite

soda in a quart of water and apply to

itchy parts of body twice a day. This

treatment Should be kept up until your

mule recovers. Kindly understand if you

are working him, he will be beneﬁted by

washing him with tepid water every

evening. '


Cow Gives Stringy Milk.——I have a cow

which dropped her fourth calf May last.

was wintered on cornstalks. also fed sug-

ar beets and Hubbard squash as long as

she would eat them. The man who fed

her tell me that she was fed no haydur-

ing the winter and after calving was

turned out in grass and seemed to do all

right; furthermore, the calf lived and it

thrived. Now this cow has not; given as

much milk and of as good quality this

summer as formerly. For the past three

weeks she has been giving stringy or

ropy milk. but the cow appears to be in

good condition and has a large run of

pasture with other cows that are all

right. I would like to know what causes

stringy milk. E. E. B., Rushton. Mich.—

Stringyv milk may be caused by fungi de—

veloping in the liquid, and it can be

safely stated that the spores are often

present in the system of the cow. If this

were not true two or three cows of a

herd would not be the only ones affected.

Frequently cows give stringy milk which

drink certain kinds of water. besides

water that is infected seems to readily

change milk when a small quantity of it

is mixed with it. Change her feed and

give her 2 or 3 (US. of bisulphite of soda

at a dose in feed once-or twice a day.


Contagious or Infectious Ophthalmia.——-

Two of our six-month—old calves have

been troubled for some time with sore

eyes; ﬁrSt symptom was a watery dis-

charge. then a white scum forms on eye

ball. causing partial loss of vision. These

calves were treated by our local Vet.

some ﬁve weeks ago, who succeeded in

removing moSt of the scum, but a small

bunch seems to have formed below pupil;

110wever, vision does not seem to be af-

fected. Some two days ago a two-year-

old heifer became affected and this leads

me to suspect that it is perhaps a con-

tagious disease. I would like to know if

the milk from cows with sore eyes of

this kind is diseased milk, and would

there be any danger from drinking it?

H. E. 8.. Reading. Mich—Infectious or

speciﬁc ophthalmia is no doubt communi-

cated from one head to another. besides

the same exciting causes may bring on

sore eyes in several of your herd. It is

no doubt distinctly a contagious disease

and is often brought into a herd by one

individual animal. It is generally good

practice to give a cathartic of epsom

salts and for an 'eye Wash dissolve 1 dr.

boracic acid by pouring 4 ozs. of boiling

.water on it and apply to eyes three times

a day. I am inclined to believe they

have suffered from ulceration of the cor-

nea and there will be a. scar left on the

eyeball. Dissolve 1 gr. sulphate of mor-

phia and 3 grs. nitrate of silver in 1 oz.

of rain water and apply cautiously to

growth on eyeball once a day, The diS-

eased and healthy should be separated.


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Ducun Marshall.


,1 W.P.

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WWiWWWﬂT


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thence-4y Ration

For nah-y Cows


The only feed that's guaranteed

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Here’s Our Trial ("for


Go to your dealer (if he can't supply you.

write us) and get. as many sucks as you want.

Feed two sacks i be.) to any one cow—watch

results two weeks. especially the second week.


~ It Lorre-feed does net. lease you. take the un-

used locks back. No c arse will be made for

the two sacks used in the trial. We prove the

meritol Lorre-feed orno sale. You take no risk.

Large Free Sample by parcel post on request.


THE LARROWE MILLING COMPANY

821 Gillupio Bldg. DETROIT. MICH.


when writing to advertisers.


Mention the Michigan Farmer


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GET OUR FINE

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how in Western Canada YOU can make ﬁve to ten

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grants of 160-acre homesteads to every adult male


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Grand Trunk Pacific Ry.,

Winnipeg. Manitoba


Harvesting a Magnificent Crop of Western Canadian Oato— Yield [15 Rachel:


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So great big PROFITS are practically certain for Western Canada farmers this


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WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED BOOKLETS and


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0 American Iron Roofind Co.


Station G ELmu, OHIO.


Minister of Agriculture,

Regina, Saskatchewan


Supt. oflmmizration

Ottawa. Ontario


SAVE YOUR CORN


THE FREELAND CORN CRIB


is absolute roof against rats. mice.

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Pioneer Manufacturing Company,

Middlebury, Indiana.


KENDALL


—has saved thousands of dollars

and thousands of horses. The

old 'relialilc cure [or Spavin.

Ringbonc. Splint or lameness.

For sale at all druggists. Price

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SPAViN

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”Treatise on the Horse"

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OOIPANY. Euouburg Falls, W", U. S. A.


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than the supply. Better prep

Harris Steel ‘Stanchions


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to diiferent sizes of cows. Easily hung in

wooden frames as shown above. They are

full chain hanging, low down, free from

complicated parts. We furnish Bent Stall

Partitions for bolting to wood frames.


What a Pleased Customer Says:


Mr. Frank 0. Baldwin, Architect of Fredericks-


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FREE


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are to produce it.


Harris All Metal Stalls


Are the most unusual bargain obtain-

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‘—


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Following Officials:


N. A. Thornton. Colonization Agt..

anadian Pacific Railway.

Chicago. III.

R. L. Fairbairn, G. P. A.

Canadian Northern Railway.

Toronto. Ontario


BEST FOR THE READER

THEREFORE

BEST FOR THE ADVERTISER


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(Rate 600 per line )

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(Rate 400 per line.)


IGuaranteed One 1.000

Circulation Line Lines


[238,488 $1.03ﬁ- 81.03%


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Philadelphia. Pa.


ate 15c per line.)


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The Progressive

Farmer 150, 804 . 7O . 70

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Breeder’s Gazette. 90,328 .50 .50

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Hoard’s Dairyman. 65,479 .40 .38

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Wisconsin Agri-

culturalist, 63, 454 .30 00

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The Farmer, _ 140,855 .60 55

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Wallace’s Farmer, 70,000 .35 .35

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Kansas Farmer, 61,253 30. .30

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T H E ..M._.I on LG AN F ARM 1;: F:


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KILLING AND DRESSING OF POUL-

TRY.


There are several ways of killing chick-

ens. They are, wringing the neck, decap—

itation, dislocation of the neck, and stick-

ing. The latter is the best and most used

method. We kill several thousand chick-

ens and, ducks every year, and always

kill them by sticking. Deéapitation by

severing the head with an ax, brings

good bleeding, but also a great muscular

action, which holds the feathers instead

of loosening them. This makes it almost

impossible to dry pick them. Then, too.

most buyers demand the head on, so they

can tell whether the chicken was sick or

healthy when killed.


In wringing the neck, the fowl does

not bleed as well, the blood settles in the

neck, turning dark after a while. Then,

too, dry picking is entirely out of the

question, the fowl does not look as well,

- nor sell for as much. In Canada fowls

killed for export trade to England are

killed this way. In picking they do not

pick the feathers off entirely from the

neck and head so the collected blood does

not show up so bad. Under this method

of killing the fowls weigh between one

and two pounds more because of all the

blood being saved. To kill a bird by this

method hold the bird ﬁrmly by the legs,

in the left hand. the head in the right be-

tween two of the ﬁngers back of the

skull, the back of the bird upward. The

legs are then pressed against the left hip

of the operator, the fowl’s head laid

against the right thigh, near the knee of

the killer. Next the fowl should be rap-

idly and ﬁrmly extended or drawn, and

at the same time the head is suddenly

bent backward, by which performance

the neck is dislocated just below the

junction with the head, and death fol-

lows immediately as all the brains are

torn across.


But by far the best method, and most

practical. is the killing and bleeding by

sticking through the mouth, then de—

braining and dry picking. Here is my

way of doing it: Hang bird up by the

feet. grasp the neck of the fowl with the

thumb and fore ﬁnger of the left hand

directly behind the ear, but not too far

up, draw the hand gently downw'ard'un-

til it strikes the angle of the jaw, forc-

ing the fowl’s mouth open. without chok-

ing it. Hold the mouth ﬁrmly open with

the third ﬁnger. The knife is introduced

into the throat, and with a couple of

quick motions up and down the larger

arteries at the side of the neck just be-

low the. ear are severed so that the bird

bleeds freely. Next hold the knife at an

angle with the bird’s bill, pointing to-

wards the back part of the roof of the

mouth. in a line with the eye, and with

a rapid movement drive the knife through

the roof of the mouth into the base of

the brain and give a quick half turn to

the knife. This causes paralysis and ren—

ders the bird inscnsible, practically kill-

ing it. A shudder passes through the

fowl and the feathers loosen. Begin

picking at once before the bird gets cold.


In picking grasp the wings with the.

thumb and ﬁrst two ﬁngers of the left

hand, holding the neck between the third

and little ﬁnger. In dry picking don’t try

to rub off the feathers, because if you do

you are very apt to tear the, skin. Re—

member. quick jerks bring the feathers

better than steady pulling, and with less

tearing of the skin. We pick the feathers

on the so-called feather tracks ﬁrst. \Vith

several quick jerks the large wing feath-

ers are removed ﬁrst and the stiff feath-

ers on the shoulder joint are removed.

Next grasp with the right hand the main

tail feathers, and with a quick twisting

movement remove them. Pass the hand

rapidly up the. back from the rump to

neck, removing the feathers with a roll-

ing mOtion as You go 310115.”. Whether the

picking is easy or hard depends entirely

on the sticking. If the sticking has been

pmperly done the feathers come out easy.

The pinfeathering we usually do with the

aid of a blunt knife, taking care to get

all of them out.


The fowls’ crops should be empty and

this can best be brought about by not

allowing them to eat anything for 24

hours before killing. ‘


Immediately after being killed and pick-

ed the fowl is thrown into a pail of water

of about 60 degrees temperature, and

from there into ice cold water for about

an hour. Always be sure that all the


animal heat is out before packing for

shipment. This is very important and

should not be overlooked.


The easiest way of picking chickens is

by scalding them. This is done by im-

mersing the fowl three times into boiling

water. VV'hen so doing take hold of the

bird’s head and legs and do not allow the

same to get scalded, because it will dis-

color them and give the birdan unhealthy

appearance. Scalded poultry do not keep

as long nor bring as much in most mar-

kets per pound as when dry picked.


New York. F. W. KAZMEIER.


POULTRY FEEDING.—II.


The foods that supply the nitrogenous

material are called protein. Protein is

found largely in meat, milk, egg and the

gluten of grain. The great importance of

protein in the feeding of all kinds of an-

imals, as well as chickens, lies in the fol-

lowing statement: A protein food in-

gredient can replace carbohydrates and

yield heat and energy; but carbohydrates

can not replace protein. Therefore. if you

should feed a ration very rich in protein

and with litte or no carbohydrates, the

fowls might grow and do well: but if you

should feed a ration rich in carbohy-

drates and lacking protein, the animal

and fowls would be unable to properly

grow. They would gradually waste away.

Although protein can be used in place of

carbohydrates it is extremely unwise to

so use it. because protein is always much

higher in price.


Nearly all grain foods are rich in car-

bohydrates and short in protein, while

most all meat food is rich in protein.


The non-nitrogenous parts of the body

are principally the fatty tissue. The food

substances that have furnished it to the

body are chiefly carbohydrates and fat.

In the analysis of a food the nitrogen-free

extract, plus ﬁbre, plus ether extract

times 2%. equals the total carbohydrates

as given in the feeding-tables. Nitrogen-

free—extract includes starch, sugar, gums,

etc. Ether extracts (fats) are materials

dissolved from the foods by ether and

may include the real fats, wax. green col-

oring matter of plants, etc. It is consid-

ered 21/4 times as valuable for the pro-

duction of energy as the other carbohy-

drates. Therefore in simplifying the com-

position of the different feeding stuffs

only the total carbohydrates is stated.

This includes sugar, starch, fat and ﬁbre.


Water is contained in all foods and

feeding stuffs. the amount varies from

eight to 90 per cent in the various food

materials.


Dry matter is the part remaining after

excluding or removing the water.


Ash is what is left when the combusti-.


ble part of the feeding stuff is burned

away. It is used largely in the bones, and

in the shell of the egg.


Protein is a group of subStances con-

taining nitrogen, it furnishes a large part


of the materials for lean ﬂesh, blood,

skin, muscles, tendons, nerves, feathers,

albumen of egg, etc.


Fiber is the framework of plants and is

uSually the least digestible part.


The nutritive ratio of a food is the ra-

tio between the digestible protein and the

digestible carbohydrates contained in the

food. ‘


A wide ration is one in which there is

a large per cent of carbohydrates as com-

pared to the per cent of protein.


A narrow ration is one in which there

relatively little difference in the pro-

portion of protein and carbohydrates.


A balanced ration is one that contains

the proper proportions of protein, carbo-

hydrates and fat proper to meet all the

needs of the animal economy without un-

necessary waste or strain. It muSt also

ccntain the requisite amounts of bulky

and concentrated foods.


In the case of laying hens it has been

found that rations with a nutritive ratio

of 1:4.5 or 1:5.0 have proven very suc-

cessful.


is


POULTRY FEEDING EXPERIMENTS.


Reports concerning experiments with

poultry are always interesting, for not

only are chickens found on every farm,

but it is becoming to be recognized that

with the high price of beef it is to poul-

try we must turn for our supply of meat.

The Pennsylvania Experiment Station re-


cently conducted experiments to ascertain

the value of different methods and dif-

ferent feeding stuffs in common use on

farms. ‘ Ninety farm-raised cockerels

weighing from three to five pounds each

were uSed in the experiment and divided

into nine lots and fed for one month. The

largest and most proﬁtable gains were

secured with a mixture of ﬁnely ground,

sifted corn meal, buckwheat and oatmeal

mixed with milk. There was practically

no difference in gains in crate-fattening

as compared with pen fattening.


In an experiment with four lots of 15

Leghorn cockerels, each averaging 1.22

pounds in weight, conﬁned to open-front

Sheds and small yards set with blue

grass, the best lot, fed a ration of nine

pounds of soaked corn and one pound- of

meat scrap, gained 12 pounds in three

weeks, each pound of gain requiring 3.12

pounds of feed, at a cost of 3.68 cents.

Another lot of 15 Leghorn cockerels of

the same average weight, fed equal parts

of soaked corn and wheat and 12 per cent.

meat scrap, required 3.3 pounds of feed to

a pOund of gain at 3.75 cents. This ex-

periment was repeated in 1911 with prac-

tically the same conditions Abut With

slightly heavier cockerels. The mOSt

proﬁtable gains, 4.38 pounds of feed

per pound of gain, at a cost of 6.58 were

made by a ration consisting of corn meal,

ground buckwheat, ground oats, and

meat scrap.


To test the cost of gains in Leghorn

cockerels at different ages, four lots of

10 each of different weights, were fed the

regular growing ration which c0nsisted

of a wet mash in the morning, and noon

and evening feeds of mixed grain. The

mOSt economical gains, 5.6 pounds of feed

per pound, at a cost of eight cents per

pound, were made by the lightest lot

which weighed 12 pounds, six ounces. The

greatest gains, nine pounds, seven ounces

in three weekS, were made by the lot

weighing 19 pounds, four ounces. This

experiment tends to show that up to

two and a half pounds Leghorn cockerels

may be produced at a proﬁt. In another

experiment with Leghorn cockerels the

regular growing ration proved superior to

the fattening ration, and little was gained

by fattening in close conﬁnement.


THE HONEY CROP.


It is yet too early to get ﬁgures on the

1913 honey crop but recent reports in-

dicate the general conditions and the

probable yield so we will pass the infor-

mation along, that our readers may be

Warned thus early as to what they may

reasonably expect in competition and

prices.


In few years have the reports from

states indicated so wide a. variety of con-

ditions within small producing communi-

ties. In what is known as a clover belt

of this state some keepers tell us of big

yields while others have suffered total

failures. From the sage- districts of the

west there will be comparatively few

shipments while the alfalfa honey will

come forward in fair quantity, although

the yield is not expected to equal last

year’s output. Producers of white clover

honer are holding for better values than

were received in 1912 because that vari-

ety seems to be a little short and some

other kinds are almost a minus quantity.

Because of the adverse weather condi-

tions raspberries, for instance, furnished

very little nectar this year. In all it ap-

pears that the output for the year will be

difﬁcult to forecast because of the wide

variety of conditions. However, the gen-

eral conclusion would be that the crop

(will be below normal.


There is another factor

member in taking an inventory of the

facts bearing upon the honey deal and

that is the large number of swarms that

have been destroyed, or weakened, by

foul brood, other diseases and severe

weather conditions. TVhile these losses

have fallen most heavily upon the small-

er producers who individually do not

have large amounts of honey but who

collectively furniSh a. very large part of

the marketable product, the inﬂuence on

the trade ought to be noticeable since to

those in close touch with bee conditions

it is apparent that extensiVe inroads have

been made by these enemies of the hive.


It is our belief, therefore, that from the

general crop prospects, prices ought to

rule a little higher than a year ago.


we should re-


Good house, good feed, good tools, and

cleanliness are four esSentials of poultry

keeping.


For market purpose the Pekin duck is

best. For eggs the Indian Runner takes

the lead.


AUG~,',§.°: 3.913- .


Engines Do the Work


Yes, sir. Get a Galloway Pumping

Engine Outﬁt. Put it to a 90-day test on

your farm. Use it to run the chum. cream sep-

arator. washing machine, pump or anysmay

machine on your place. Then If you gon't 393%:

the but little engin you ever saw yo r ,


' ' k. ’ll refund your money and pay

{12: {gighzhggﬂitwg‘ycm No atrinﬁsto Ear—in there?


thmo

ll iberal oﬁer I’ll save on

The; on topaz: this "33.935.“ch it? Never. Write me tog-y


Eemy sgzhcial Offer and Prices


Do it today. Onl $24.75 for a. 1% h. D. Boss

of the Farm” pum n gngine. You can’t afford to Wilt

for your windmill to low down or a calm, hot

day when you have to do all the pumping fora

lot of stock by hand. Be reputed. Get my spe- ,


' I . m on 0 on-

"‘"“".i°‘oni.l‘§‘ii:z°3i'3$u sold? «1332a (Lllgmg'

W to In I r“,- I.


no one on. . n 1: out o

’ I 0: xtfow wookl. It'll


to‘i—“iIIaIii'3hFaﬁnc'igﬁn'ih. .62: my spool-I 1918


03'“- Addﬂm Wm. Galloway. Proo.


”_ l


Fix Your Roo


You can make the old worn-out tin, iron.

steel. felt or gravel roof give you as much

service as a new roof and you can double

the life of that old shingle roof.


RO0F_FI Cures Root


Troubles


and keeps them cured. Cost alight. One coat

does the Work. In black and red. Ready for

use. Absolutely guaranteed to do the work.

Write at once for the free Roof Book. Address


6. E. CONKEY 00., 3339 Woodland Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.


The Silo Filler With the Direct Drive


" Wonderful improvements of 1913 .

Ohio” eclipse anything ever before

produced. One lever controls all movements

—reverses by wood friction at ﬁnger rea-

sure. Self-feeder-Twith famous "Bull 0g"

grip. Patented Direct Drive—Shear cut-


non-explosive, non-clogging. Enormous ton- '

nage on half mch cut—50 to 250 tons a day-

: a! (Sta 5 h. p. 20-year durability. “Ohio-cut”

\ Silage famousfcuts all crops. Used by Ex-


er‘ment Stations everywhere. Guaranteed. I


any big new features this year. |


.i.

,r‘\ .


Write for free catalogue

ﬂ. —- also send 10c for 2631-13335


ii. ‘2-(-~,s.);. “Modern 811329 I

. _~T7.1:;m A ds."


.\'-: , TﬂE SILVER MFG. co. I

. " I?


‘

I..


Saloon, Olllo 1%


WRITE FOR BOOK

Michigan White Cedar


FENCE POSTS


GEORGE M. CHANDLER. Onaway. Mich.


Lice Murder Chicks


' check laying. stunt. growth. ruin

the plumage, torture the hens

PRATTS LICE KILLER

' (POWdel‘ed) murders lice and 50


insures greater proﬁts.

15¢. . Guaranteed. Pratts 160-

9880 poultry book 40 by mail

Get Pram Profit-sharing Booklet

At all dealers, or

PRATT FOOD COMPANY

Phllodelphia Chicago


POULTRY.

Barred Rock Cockorels and Pullois For Solo.


ELWOOD KELLY, R. 10. Charlotte, Michigan.


Barred ﬂock Cockorols and Hens, Bargain Prices

W. 0. OOFFMAN, R. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mioh.


BARGAINS Best. strains S.O.W.Orpington

_ I breeding stock at. greatly re-

duced _rices. also half grown cockerels and pulleto.

Mrs. 11113 Hough. Pine Crest Form, Royal Oak.Mich.


Prize Winning Barred Rock. R. 1. Reds. Moms


moth Pekin and I. Runner ducks.

Stock for sale. Eggs 31. $2. 83. per set. Utility 86 or 100.

ELMWOOD FARM. R. R. No. 13, Grand Ropids?Mioh.


COLUMBIA Wyondottes. Winners at. Chicago Grand

Rn ids. South Bend and St Jose I]. St k ' .

RIOHXRD SAWYER, Benton Karbor?°Ml§§?:fxl,


ILVER LAOED. golden and wh't W

S for hatphing at reasonable priciaa? whitinggﬁfisogif

Browning s Wyandotte Farm. R. 30. Portland. Mich.


LILLIE FARI‘ISTEAD POULTRY


B. P. Rooks. R. I. Rods. d . . . eggs

for ado. 15 for 31: as f: 31.850:050Wfol;'e .512)“l

COLON O. LILLIE. Cooper-"lilo. Mich.


WHITE LEGIIORN COCKERELS‘vgifiﬁaﬂ

Maple City Poultry Plant. Box 0.. Charlotte. Mich:

While Wyandoﬂos‘ﬁ’fﬁﬁ?’ ”1‘51? 3}?“ "d °“' "°'


February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Agglzibggﬂlliohn


DOGS.


gouuns FOB Willing “refresh“ Finn:


and 20 Stamp. W. LEOKY. Holmeevllle, Ohio


FOX AND WOLF HOUIMDS


of the boot English strains in Ameri-

ggésgoﬂygois ex Fiance in breeding

n can a

Inow offer them fort-“solid.y on sport.

Send stamp for Catalogue.

I. I. IIIIISI'ETII‘. SIM". JIIIIIII 60.. lo.


When writing advertisers please


mention The Michigan Farmer.
. names that appear on the barns.


1%: .«ii? .g'fll h


mi; '39, . 1913.,


in:iiiiihhiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiilmiimiiiliiiiiiiiiIiiiiiiliiimiii‘ummmi


‘ Grange...

‘ iilliiiiiiiﬂiliiiiliiimillﬂliiiiiiiiiiliiiﬂilllﬁﬂﬂlilﬂillilliliilillilliilliilllllliiiiiiWINNIE


ot- 0....“The farmer is of more

cogggqule‘nc: than the farm, and should be


ﬁrst improved."

THE SEPTEMBER PROGRAMS.


lilililillllilllllillliﬁ


Wiillllllllﬂllllﬂ


State Lecturer’s Suggestions for First

Meeting.


Opening music.


Fail handling of crops: 1. Corn. 2.

Potatoes. 3. Beets. 4. Fruits.

Music.


My favorite poem with some account of

its author. .


’What can a farm boy do, while attend-

ing school, to earn money toward a high

school or college education?


What can a farm girl do, while attend—

ing school, to earn money toward her high

school or college fund? .


Summary of good points made in this


program. '

Suggestions for Second Meeting.


Song by children of the Grange.


Roll-call responded to 'by each member

mentioning the name of some person

whose home he passes. on way to Grange,

who does not belongto the Grange.

.How did you start in life for yourself?

Answered by two men and tw0 women.


Recitation.


Shall father and mother move to town

when they cannot work as they once did

and? children are grown'? Why, or why

not.


Some things a retired farmer and his

wife may do for their community. Dis-


cussion.

Solo, “Stay on the Farm," No. 120,


Grange Melodies.


Short farce.


Light refreshments. served by the

“bachelor girls" of the Grange.


CONDUCTING PLOWING CONTESTS.


One or tWo Granges in this state have

held annual .plowing. contests for some

years past. These contests take the form

of a special outdoor meeting planned for

the latter end of the season when a good

attendance is assured-They have be-

come popular wherever introduced. since

they stimulate friendly rivalry in a very

important farm operation and appear to

engender interest in what is sometimes

regarded as drudgery. The realization

that he is preparing for a public contest

must inevitably lighten and improve the

work of the man or boy who is following

a plow.


The rules and regulations governing

such contests necessarily vary to some

extent, as do the methods of judging the

work. A few years ago the manner in

which one Michigan Grange conducts its

annual plowing match was described in

these columns. Other Granges have

adopted similar rules and methods, but

all will be interested, especially at this

time, in contest plans which in any way

differ from their own. ,


In one of these plowing matchexheld

by the School of Agriculture of the Uni-

versity of Minnesota, each contestant

used successively a sulky plow, a gang

plow and a walking plow. The same

team remained hitched to a given plow

throughout the contest so that each man

had exactly the same team and plow to

work with. A different score card was

used in judging the work of each plow.

It is not necessary to reprint all three

score cards as the points of one card will

enable local judges to prepare a suitable

score card for use in judging work of plow-

ing with the other two types. The ﬁnal

rank of each conteStant is based upon

the sum of scores made with the three

p10ws. A summary of the Score cards

used in judging the work of the gang

plow follows. Slightly different score

cards were used in judging the work of

the sulky plow and walking plow. Sub-

divisions of the main points, together

with the weights attached to them, are

given in parentheses: Furrow and fur-

row slice, 58 points; (straightness, 10

points; furrow capacity, 10 point-4; clean-

ness, 8 points; uniformity 'of depth, 10

points; covering trash, 10 points; even-

ness of crowns, 10 points;) ridge, 16


points; (straightness, 10; uniformity of

crowns, 3; height, 3); dead furrow, 6

points; (depth, 4; ﬁnish, 2); ends, 10


points; (evenness, 5; straightness, 3; uni-

formity of depth. 2); horsemanship, 3

points; time, 7 points.


GRANGE RALLY NOTES.


Maple Ridge, Twining, Wickham and

Prescott Granges, in Arenac county; uni-

ted, for. the ﬁrst time, in an August rally

at Nuttie’s Grove, on the 20th. From this

grove can‘be seen four farms and their

,trim buildings which have been given

This

shows something 0f the enterprise of this


«urtm- «mu, ~‘


'fect day in an ideal spot for a quiet, so-


Tﬁ-Eﬁi’MV'ICHI’G'AsN "FARMER


increaSih‘Sly- hI‘OSDeI‘OuS section. ‘ A ,pel“ VEiﬁiiiiilillillliilllllillliliilllliiiiliiiliiliilllilllllllliiliiililliliillliilIIillillilliiiiliiliillIlliliiililiﬂillliiﬂi


lliiilllllllll


cial time» together, were the .means of

calling out several hundred persons from


F arm—ers’ Clubs

these and other Granges of the county. g


Mr. Upton, of Bay Grange, presided at ElimllililIliliiilliIiill|l|iillIIiiIilllilllilIiiiliiiiiililliliiiillllliliiiiiililiillllliiliillliiiilliiiliiiiilllilg


the afternoon session. Mr. and. Mrs. OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

Wilkins led the audience in some stirring TION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.

songs. Hon. Peter Gilbert, who is a res-

ident of this county and widely known

over the state, led off the speech making Vice-President—C, B. Scully. Almont.

in one of his plain and happy homilies; Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs, C. P. John-

he was followed by the State Lecturer, SON. Metamora.


who dwelt upon the effect upon the indi- Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. Wm. T.

vidual member of regular contact with a McConneli_ OWOSSO-


good Grange lecture hour. Mr. E. A. DlreCtOTS—C- 13- Johns-on, Metamoyra;

Holden, secretary of Patrons’ Fire and H' W.lChamberiain, .Whit‘e Lake; “m.

Cyclone companies, closed the afternoon g-IH”: garsonR%ity, J6”): Spaulding,

with a strong address upon the worth of eding, - J- 0 b, Mason, J- F- REI-


. . . man Flint.

a Grange in training men and women for . _ _

public efficiency. Following the program Address all communications relative to


- - the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. 0.

Mr. Holden met those interested in a ., .

conference upon insurance matters, while 1" Johnson, Metamora, M‘Ch-

elsewhere a ball game was played and _

friends renewed old—time acquaintances. Associationai Motto:

The general opinion seemed to be that The skillful hand. with cultured mind,

this should be made an annual affair. is the farmer’s most valuable asset.


-“——~%*_


Presi-dent—Jas. N. McBride, Burton.


Montcalm Pomona held its annual. rally

at Baldwin Lake with 300 present. Few ”Associationai Sentiment:

ghunties in tlh? sdtate contain aedChOiqitﬂ‘ The farmer, he garners from the soil

t of natura an scape, preserv 1n 1 s . .

original beauty, than this lake presents, the primal wealth 0f nations.

and this fact, combined with Greenville __.__~_

patrons’ skill as picnic engineers, made EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR

it a day long to bear in fragrant memory. THE FARMERS’ CLUBS.


The day following the Montcalm Pomo- ,

na rally. Greenwood Grange. in the ex- While the Farmers CIUbS as at pres-

treme northwest corner of the same coun- ent conducted in Michigan, are of very

ty, had a rally all by iCtself. Here. sever; great educational value to their mem-

miles from Howard ity, a group 0 ber.‘ e na t' .. ‘ .

plucky patrons have built a Grange hail th“,k‘y t . 1 “y lmes ODDOI‘tunltieh or

and are bravely Working out their com- ‘5 ”1d. (“:9 neglected. In the conduct

munity problems. They are making a of organizations of'which we are mem-

specialty of enlisting theiir childreh in at- bers. and perhaps take a leading part, as

tendance and participzit on in tie pro— well . ‘ ,_

gram hour. In a year or so these chil- ‘ as m the conduct, 0f 01“ 0W" bus‘

dren will begin to arrive at the age when “955 alld every-day life, we are very apt

they may join as regular members, and to get into a rut and follow the precedent

thus the future stability and character of former years with a complacent self—

of the Greenwood neighborhood seem as- satiSfaction which is a handicap to our


sured.-—J. B. . .

greatest progress, both in a busmess and


AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES. educational way-

Perhaps one of the greatest educationa-


Clinton’s Annual Raily.-—The annual al advantages afforded Why the Farmers

rally of Clinton County Pomona Grange Clubs is neglected by the larger per cent

was held on the fair grounds at St- of organizations of this kind—the advan-

JohnS, August 20. The day was ﬁne, the . ,

crowd fairly large, and the program, con- tage which would accrue to the member-

sisting of solos, recitations, songs by the ship of local Clubs from the use of the

ladies; quartette of St. Johns, a short traveling libraries sent upon application

talk y Senator “'in. Smith, of St. Jo ns. b tiie state librarian At ) , C i ll -

and last but not least the talk on “better y . I“ t ca'y ev

living,” by our State Grange Master, ery meeting of the State Assomation in

John C. Ketcham, was ”11 that was need— the last decade, the state librarian has

ful tlo make ta succfesslful day. The next had an exhibit; of the traveling library in

regu ar meeing 0 tie county Grange the hall whey th e i

will be with \Vaucousta Grange, Wednes- h b . e e m et ng was held and

day, Sept. 17.—Cora Sowles, Sec. as riefly addressed the delegates pres-


Kent Pomona's Annual Picnic, held at ent on the subject of the traveling li-

John Ball park, Grand Rapids, on Aug_ brary and the advantage which it would

13. was a great success, more_than 1,000 be to local Clubs to secure this free

patrons attending. Mayor 131115, in wel- Service.

coming the patronS, gave the "better ba- .

bies" movement a boost by showing how In a recently {"1thth statement Mrs.

the object aimed at is dependent upon Mary C. Spencer, state librarian, said

the production 0f better milk and other that through the medium of the traveling

gifm523(1ngté'omﬁfé‘rcel‘ega‘iugge’oxggh22‘: library 25,000 good books were circulated

talk on'co-operation, showing in a very in this state last year at the rural

forcible way how the city people are de- schools, Granges, Farmers’ Clubs and 0th:

Biggelgﬁeulé‘ﬂiv tiigoxgladme’xl‘hae'nd Cgiemsl'g‘fg er similar associations. \Vith an experi-

Master John'Ketchnm, who gave one of ence as state librarian covering a period

his excellent addresses. .Among the things 0f 18 years, Mrs. Spencer is well qualiﬁed

he‘dadvocatedl'wfere éhat each county set to make selections of books which will

paltrinatowezfttendx zisranriZﬁyDESmhséssﬁfg be of greatest educational value to the

and that farmers take advantage of the members Of an organization Of this kind.

new hmeitildment tin the parcel post law Where there are any well marked prefer-

and s ip eir prOi uce direct to city peo- ences amo 1h. 1 ‘ i .. . 2 '-

pie, thus cutting out the middleman. . ng L nemieis Of: an 01ng


. zation as to the particular line of read—


Chiidren’s Night.—C00persv111e patrons . , , .

will have a Special meeting on Saturday ing they would (‘flie to DWUSQ' Spemal

evening, Aug. 30' which will be designat- selections could no doubt be secured

ed Chiidfren's Night. dAn apiirgiiigatle pro- which would conform to their needs or

gram 0 music, rezi mas an in ogues ‘ - ,- - .- . ~ - 0‘

is being prepared by lhe children and deSires in this (llFe(ll0n.' 'Ihe main thinD

young people. Refreshments will be a. is to become interested in the proposmon

feature. and to secure through the state library

ofE:l11:gn”ci:)g|tJtr19try lilﬁ'g’sﬂs 311:, takintg hptig this means of educational advancement


‘ emen w1 . , ‘ .

considerable enthusiasm, this county hold- which 1‘5 to be had ff". the me”? asking.

ing its ﬁrst baby contest at the coming “1th the Club meetings occurring once

gountyllfnir Wlietn tfownﬂand country ba- each month there is every facility for the


ies w1 compe e or e- prizes offered . . ..C


under the recently perfected plan of sub- exchange 0f the bOOks dmon” members

jecting the contestants to a DhySical ex- and If more frequent (‘Xi‘llallges are de-

amination and careful tests by competent sired arrangements could be made with

iihyrsticiants. .The: tpurpose of the move~ the Club librarian by which such ex-

lgegeﬁlfiei?cgalge§r 93f01§lsttiintcl§pe zfngagggg‘f changes could be made between neighbor

ing, to the end that the standard for ba- members of the Club in the interim be-

bies in the community may be raised. tween the meetings.


Union Picnic.—Silver Lake and Grant This is a subject which every 10031

Center Grzinges, of Grand Traverse coun- Club in the state would (1,) well to dis-

ty, had a picnic at Duck Lake park on ,, , ,1, 1 1 , h -


Aug. 10. The day was ideal and the cuss at ‘11] em 3 (ate and )3 avnig the

patrons were in good spirits. The- usual secretary correspond with the state li-

Its’ifg 1dinner, Whitchh vigas 1:Bervfedhin the beau- brarian get all information with regard

iugroveon e ansotelake,was - . ‘ - , th


followed by a good program consisting of to. this traveling librai) Stu-V100 so at

songs, recitations and speeches. The With the coming of the Winter season.

speaker for the occasion was R. M. Bates when the members of the farm families


. . . J

01’ Hastlhgs. Who gave a clear and mter— have more time for reading, arrangements


. i ' - . . .

gfédngthtglgi#gfgnflgili?tsg€gv§:cgh £13122; could be completed, a librarian appomted


ing way that several wanted to know and a. traveling library installed so that

more about the subject and wanted to the members would secure the greatest


know how they could get alfalfa ﬁelds - - -

started. The work of the Grange as a possxble educational beneﬁts from this

useful institution was presented by R. H. free source during the coming Winter.


Ellsworth. of Grand Traverse Grange- Perhaps it would be an incentive to the

________.___ general adoption of this suggestion if the

members of the Farmers’ Club who have

Pomona Meetings. already taken advantage of this educa-


Wayne County Pomona rally, in Joseph “01131 opportunity would write brieﬂy

Waitz's grove, at Waltz, Friday, Aug. 29. concerning the beneﬁts which have ac-


D. E. McClure, state speaker. .

Clinton 00., with Wacousta Grange, crued to the"? from this source for pub

Wednesday, Sept. 17. lication in this department.


COMING EVENTS.


23—189 ‘


A few Clubs have taken advantage of

another educational opportunity which

more organizations of this kind would do

well to emulate in the establishment of

lecture courses during the winter months.

This involved a little more expense, but

it is not at all certain that this factor

should be counted against it, since we

are prone to better appreciate that which

costs us something than that which

we get for nothing. Undoubtedly the lec-

ture course idea is a4 good one for con-

sideration by all local Clubs and for

adoption by many.


The nature of the subjects to be in-

cluded in the lecture program should be

given careful consideration and speakers

selected who will best represent modern

thought upon these subjects. Many such

can be secured at but slight expense

from the educational institutions of the

state and once an educational propaganda

of this kind is instituted in an organiza-

tion of this kind the members will be-

come so enthusiastic in favor of its con-

tinuance that there will be no difﬁculty

at all in_meeting the expense incident to

carrying it on.


There are other educational factors

which might be introduced in the work

of the *iOcal Club with proﬁt but these


'are perhaps the most important of such


opportunities which should be considered

at this season of the year. May we not

hope that at the coming annual meeting

of the state association more dciegntes

than ever before will report progress

along this line in the work of their local

organization?


CLUB DISCUSSIONS.


Young People's Meeting.—The Ingham

County Farmers' Club holds the regular

monthly meeting, if the corresponding

secretary has been slow to report the

same. The July meeting was held at

the County Farm, nine miles north and

east of Mason, and as it was a place

many of the members had never been it '

was an interesting place. After the pic-

nic dinner the inmates were seated in

the spacious halls and the Club, under

the leadership of President Ives, gave an

impromptu program of songs, rccitations

and talks. The August meeting was held

at Brookside, with Mr. and Mrs. \V. A.

Melton. Miss Florence Taylor gave a

most excellent paper upon the “Value of

Education.” This was freely discussed

and all felt the time well spent. This is

the regular young people's day and the

program committee was disappointed in

having a patrol of the Lansing Boy

Scouts and a Boy Scout talk by O. O.

Stanchﬁeld, of Hillsdaie. The next meet-

ing will be held the second Saturday in

September, with Mr. and Mrs. \V. M.

\Vebb.—Mrs. J. E. Tansweli, Cor. Sec.


Annual Picnic Meeting.—-'I‘he Odessa

Farmers' Club held its annual picnic

Saturday, August 9, in the village grove.

One of the most important items, the

dinner, was served a little after noon, 67

being seated at two long tables. Some of

the young ladies of the Club opened the


literary program by singing “America."

Miss Clara Lapard gaVo an interesting

I‘eCItHlIOIl entitled, “lntemperzince.” Mr,


Henry Sinchcomb read a paper which so

far as the reporter can see is without a.

title. nevertheless some extracts from it

may prove of interest. lie said; “No

person commands the respect of others

without proper respect for himself. There

is no other occupation so ancient, useful,

honorable, or so independent and none

requires more intcliigcncc than does

farming. ()n the, farm is the best place".

to study the St'lelH‘GS, all is sprcad if,

ample pages before us and illustrated by

the llivine Artist llimsoif. Shall we in

Odessa magnify our calling? This we

Will not do until we feel and know that

we are the peers of any in. the land; un—

til our ranks are ﬁlled with educated men

and women. By educated I do not simply

mean one versed in the text books as

taught in our schools, but one who it

may be has been self—taught, acquiring

the habit or power of forming clear ideas

and expressing them in a clear forcible

irianner.” Mrs. Frances Tucker recited

Hannah Jane and I." This was ﬁnely

rendered and well received. The Rev. Th"

Laity gave a short but interesting ad-

dress This closed the program. Ad-

journed to nicct with Mr. and Mrs. John

Bower the second Saturday in Septem—

ber. This will be the lust of the after-

noon meetings for this year.—~Reporter.

The Young People’s Meeting of Howell

Farmers’ Club was held at the ﬁne, mod—

ern farm home of Mr. and Mrs. S. Mun-

seil, the ﬁrst Thursday in August. Many

of the young people were present and

gave a very interesting program of read—

lngs and music. “A bump on a log.”

was the subject of a paper read by Mrs.

S. Brown. The Mexican situation was

discussed by Mr. Silas Munsell and after

a social hour was enjoyed by all the Ciiib

adjourned to meet with Mr. and Mrs.

Charles “'hite the ﬁrst Thursday in Sep-

tenibcr.—Mrs, J. S. Brown, Cor. Sec.


WANTED.


At once._ a few men who are hustlers,

for scliciting. No experience necessary.

Good salary guaranteed and expenses

paid. The work is digniﬁed, healthful and

instructive. In writing give references

and also state whether you have a horse

and buggy of your own. Address Box J.

F., care Michigan Ehrmer, Detroit. Mich.
a .


‘- A1 ‘u m "


‘r

J

\


f"


AT DETROIT

" SEPT.

” 15th


19

20th


Inclusive.


Make your Vacation

Proﬁtable as well as Pleas-

ant by planning it at the


Michigan State Fair.


’You can learn as much

at the State Fair in one

week as you can learn at

school in an entire year,


besides being Royally En-


tertained. J


lenigan’


.. :


catcst Fair


“The Wolverine State’s Educational Outing.”


Gigantic Display of Everything that Michigan


Makes, Grows or Mines.


Wonderful Agri-


cultural, Horticultural and Industrial Exhibits.

All examples of Michigan’ 3 Greatness.


$100,000 in Premiums & Purses


Big Land Show


Products from every state in the

Union and Canada. Mammoth ex-

hibits of products grown on rich

Michigan Soil.


Boy’s State Fair School.


A short course in advanced farming

for bright Michigan boys. The

farmers of the future are beneﬁted

by the results of scientiﬁc research:


Biplane Flights.


Korn’s Giant Tractor Biplane,

latest French Model, will carry

passengers on daily trips to the clouds.

Thrilling and Instructive.


Live Stock Shows.


Greatest exhibition of pure bred

horses, sheep and cattle in the fair’s

history. “Evening Horse Show”

with all the spectacular features of

eastern show rings.


Children’s Midway.


Merry-go-round, ponies, swings

and Giant Rollor Coaster giving oc-

cupants mile ride through space.

Safe and thrilling.


Good Roads Demonstration.


New appliances and devices shown

for improving public highways.


Merits of new material discussed by .


experts. Lectures on civic matters.


Free Musicales.


Three bands in daily program of

entertainment. Weber’s Prize band

of 60 gifted artists will render selec-

tions every day during the fair.


Grand Circuit Racing.


Rich. stake feature daily. $40,000

in purses, World’s greatest Pacers

and Trotters. Noted reinsmen:

“Pop” Geers, Murphy, Cox and

others.


Refined Midway.


Wortham & Allen’s enormous ‘

circus. Clean wholesome entertain-

ment. No Fakes or Freaks allowed.


Wild Fowl Exhibit


Game birds which inhabit Michigan

shown in natural wooded and

water surroundings. Greatest educa-

tional feature in annals of fair.


Auto Show.


Advance exhibition of 1914 models.

Look at the progress of a year in

the auto industry.


Fireworks Spectacles.


Brilliant displays of the latest

pyrotechnical features.


New Milking Shed.


Arena in which milking contests

are staged. Seats 500 people. This

educational feature absolutely free.


Auto Races.


Galaxy of racing stars. Oldﬁeld,

Mulford, Tetzlaﬂ‘, Disbrow, Endicott

and other noted pilots. Not merely

exhibtions, but actual competitions.

Electrical timing devices «used in-

surin g accurate time.


eriteno 501 Bowles Building, Detroit, for Premium Lists.


Look Into gMichigan’s Mirron‘at the_ _


Michigan State Fair

Sept. 15-20, 1913.