do BL" ”E «$0, Ix \\\\\\ \\\~ 5% Z’f/J/ 4” '1 Z fi/y/o / , 5 , // ’D 1843. The OnlyHWeekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State. VOL. CXLI. No. 10. 2 Whole Number 3659. J FEW days ago I was reading A about a Dakota farmer who put all his eggs in one basket and then stumbled and broke all the eggs. In other words, he put his dependence upon a single crop of wheat and it fail- ed. Not one of us Michigan farmers would think of placing our dependence upon a single crop of wheat; however, we do put several kinds 0f eggs into the basket and we want to be reasonably sure that all of them are good ones. Although Michigan cannot boast as be— ing the highest producing state in the Union, yet her wheat crop is a very im- portant one and the failure of this crop for a single season would mean a loss of thousands of dollars. Of the condi- tions for wheat growing which can be governed by man. the three most import- ant ones are the preparation of the ground, planting of good seed, and plant— ing it at the right time so that it will not be troubled disastrously by the Hes- sian fly and other enemies. Mr. N. A. Clapp in his article entitled, "Preparing for the Wheat,” which ap- peared in the issue of the Michigan Farmer for August 16, 1913, has so thor- oughly (liScussed the preparation of the seed bed for wheat. that I cannot im- prove upon it or offer any further sug— gestions. hence I wish to discuss the re- maining features; the planting of good seed, and the time that it should be sown in order to escape the ravages of the Hessian fly, the most serious wheat pest. What Farmers Can do to improve Seed Wheat. The thing which all of us are striving for is a maximum crop but before the maximum crop can be harvested we muSt have a good stand of thrifty wheat and before we can get such a stand, we must be sure. that our seed is of the highest quality obtainable. It is a p00r plan to send out of the state for seed wheats for the chances are that the con- ditions under which the seed wheats have been raised are not identical with the home conditions. If the farmer has not his own seed wheat, it would be better to purchase it from some nearby neigh- bdr and even then it will probably not produce quite as well the first year as in succeeding years Or until it has be- come acclimated. If no seed wheat can be obtained from neighbors and it is necessary to send away for it, one might profitably study the situation and get his wheat frOm some seedsman whose wheats are raised under conditions similar to those of the home locality. It would be well for Michigan farmers to obtain seed wheat from seedsmen of Minnesota or Wisconsin who live in as nearly the same latitude as possible. In planting wheat or any other seed, We should remember that “like begets like,” and we can expect a harVest sim- ilar to the thing we plant. We cannot plant shriveled and diseased kernels of wheat and hope to harvest plump and healthy ones. Neither can we plant weed seed in our wheat and then expect that the seeds will not come up and rob the wheat plant of the nourishment that it would have gotten from the soil, had the weed been eliminated. We often say that our wheat has run out but the facts of the matter are that the original seed has become SO badly mixed with inferior seeds of low produc« tivity that the wheat crop is not a prof- itable one, hence we say it has run out. Any and all seed wheat should be put through a good fanning mill in such a way as to take out all the light wheat and weed seeds, before it is planted. Be- fore running through the fanning mill, the mill may be gone over and all the stray kernels of wheat, oats, or other grains picked from the sieves. Oftentimes, however, the mixing is DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, SEPT. 6, 1913. Wheat__S_eeding. brought about by the threshing machine. It comes from neighboring farms and brings with it stray kernels of foreign wheat and other grains which are jost— led from their lodging place into the first few bushels that are threshed, hence, the seed wheat should not be taken until the first six or eight bushels have come from the machine, and then this should be thoroughly fanned. Late Planting Eliminates the Hessian Fly. This pest gets its name from the be- lief that it was introduced by the Hes- bluck objects which resemble a flax-seed in size and color, inside of which lies the maggot in a dormant state. Below the level of the ground, a dozen or more of these “flax—seeds” may be tightly packed away. ' 'l‘hc injury will often show in the fall by the darkening of the entire plant or a shorter growth. In the spring the lar- va changes into.a pupa and from this stage it wakes up and emerges as a tiny winged creature called “The Hessian Fly.” Now it crawls up inside the sheath where it busies itself with laying more -» - & (lira :2 fit§t§&mw‘ Wheat Field of W. Plants & Son, of Eaton Co., which Yielded 41I/2 bu. per acre. sians during the Revolutionary \Var, and it is probably the worSt enemy of Mich— igan wheat. The insect produces many generations in a year, two of which are well known and their habits should be common knowledge to wheat raisers. The fall generation lays its eggs upon the upper surface of the young wheat plants. The egg is slender and pointed, and is placed between two of the ridges of the leaf surface. When laid, the egg is colorless but later turns a sort of a eggs for another generation which passes into the flax—seed stage before harvest. The flax-Seeds packed away inside the sheath dents the straw and causes it to become weakened, resulting in the wheat lodging at about harvest time. Also, on account of the plant food which the maggot consumes. malnutrition takes place, resulting in small, light, and shriv- eled kernels. These two features are the ones which make the fly so disastrous. For a good many years, in the long A Big Crop of Rye on Recently Cleared “New Ground” in Benzie County. reddish cast. The egg soon hatches into a maggot which bores its way down in- side the leaf sheath and stops between the sheath and what will eventually be- come the main stalk. Here it feeds upon the juices which the plant exudes until when full grown, it attains a length of about one-fifth of an inch. By examin- ing the wheat stalks, one may find small run the wheat which was sown in the late fall proved the most successful crop and the exceptions to this depend upon the weather. What one wishes to do is to delay the planting until the late fall brood of the fly has come and gone but this will vary with different seasons. He also wishes to plant his wheat early enough so that it will not winter-kill. 50 CENTS A YEAR. $2 FOR 5 YEARS. Thus one is between two tires, of which the former is often the hotter. The Bu- reau of Entomology of the 1'. S. Depart- ment of, Agriculture recommends that wheat may be planted in northern Mich- igan after September 1, and in southern Michigan after September 20. In most years this will be after the late fall brood of the Hessian fly has gone. As far as we can govern the condi- tions, well fanned Wheat should be plant- ed well along in the autumn (after Sep- tember 1 to 20) and on a well prepared seed bed. lngham Co. I. J. MATHEWS. FERTILIZING FALL-SOWN GRAIN. Lime for Wheat. . I want to ask your opinion about us- ing lime on wheat ground. The field I am intending to fit, one-half had been sowed to barley and the other half to oats, both a good crop. This morning my men started to draw barnyard manurc, 10 loads to the acre on the barley ground. For what I shall not have barnyard ma- nure i shall use about 200 lbs. to the acre of fertilizer. i ordered two tons of lime, more than I need for my alfalfa ground. \\'ould you advise using lime on my wheat field and if so how much and how would you use it? St. Clair Co. l\I. C. M. Probably the most practical place in the World to put lime is on ground that is to be sown to wheat. After the ground is plowed and say partially tittcd or har- rowcd over for wheat, then distribute the lime broadcast. This can be done with a lime distributor or it can be done with a shovel, but, of course, you can’t do it as evenly nor you can't gauge thcamount as well. if you have got hydrated lime or real line ground limestone you can do it with the fertilizer attachmcnt to a grain drill. But in this way you can’t get hardly enough to the acre. lf it is ground lime-stone you ought to put on about a ton to thc acre. if it is hydrat- ed lime or burned limc then a. half ton or perhaps 500 lbs. would bc effective. It may bc that your land is too acid for the best development of the clover plant alld yet it will raise good wheat. \\'heat will do better on slightly acid soil than clover. llaving only a small amount of lime I should put it on pretty liberally in a good strip across the field or two or thrce strips across the field. Then if you seed this field to clover next spring you will be prepared to note the effects of lime. l think it would be one of the best things you could possibly do. to use the balance of the lime on your wheat. “'e know what our soil needs a good deal better after we try things. in fact we can‘t find out really what our indi- vidual farm soils need until we do make some experiments. Fertilizing Rye to Help the Clover Crop. I have a field that is now into beans, that l intend to sow to rye and seed down to (‘lover in the spring. H is pretty good land, except a few sandy spots. I am thinking- of applying about one ton of fertilizer so as to help the seeding. \Vould it be bcst to apply this fall when I sow the rye. or wait and sow in the spring and drag in with the clover seed? Re- member, I do not care to help the rye so much as I care to get a good catch of clover. How would you apply it and about what analysis would you use? Kent C0. SUBSCRIBER. In my own mind there isn’t any ques- t10n but what it is better to use the fer- tilizer this fall when you sow the rye. Then the fertilizer is thoroughly mixed with the soil. Distribution is a. great fac- tor in getting results with commercial fertilizer. That is one trouble wth peo- ple, they do not get it thorOughly mixed with the soil. Fertilizer will not only help the rye crop but it will also help the clover crop which follows. If thgyiand is pretty well run I would my; a good liberal application, from 300 to i3‘00le. of good commercial fertilizer on this fall. There is another thing that ought to 190—2 - be taken into consideration here, and that is, whether this land is deficient in lime. If it shows an acid reaction with litmus paper in any way it will pay well to use from one to two tons of lime to the acre. This ought to be applied be- fore ‘the rye is sewn and narrowed into the ground. You can't get good results on soil that is deficient in lime. You can‘t get a good, healthy, vigorous growth of clover on soil that is acid in reaction or is deficient in lime. neither can you get the best results with commercial fer- tilizer on this kind of soil. If the soil is acid, if it is deficient in lime, clover will not do Well. no matter how much fer- tilizer you‘apply. On the other hand. if you sweeten the soil by applying lime then the clover plant can utilize the fer- tilizer which you apply and make a vig- orous and profitable growth. I would by all means apply the fer- tilizer this fall instead of next spring. If you put it on next spring. even though you barrow it in thoroughly, if the sea- son is dry you won‘t get the benefit‘from the fertilizer that you will if it is thor- oughly mixed with the soil in fact, it is almost impossible to mix it thoroughly with the soil in the spring. I am aware that you would get good results some- times. If the rye or the wheat crop comes through the winter in poor shape it is, a good plan to apply fertilizer in the spring and barrow it in. It helps it. But at the same tirne it is better to put this in in the fall when you sow the rye. Seeding Alfalfa with Wheat in Sep- tember. I have about three acres of clay land, quite high and tiled which I wirh to sow to alfalfa. I wished to know if you could recommend sowing to wheat. about Sep- tember l and at the same time sowing to alfalfa. Should we not secure a good stand and could i sow alfalfa again- in the spring on the Wheat. 1 am at a loss to know if Septemlwr i would be too late (01‘ it. This field is now tininthy :nd. Gratiog Co. A. ll. \‘l’. I wouldn't want to risk seeding~ alfalfa as late as September 1. under favorable conditions. that is with a well prepared seed bed without any cover crop, and favorable weather. it is too late. Alfalfa is too slow in starting. \K‘ith ordinary years it never Would get growth suffi- cient so that it would stand the winter. Alfalfa ought to be sown not later than August 15. and the first of August or the last of July is better yet. It is pretty late even now to plow a timothy sod and get it in good condition for wheat. let alone alfalfa. The sod shou‘d be. plowed at once and a great deal of Work spent in cultivating it and rolling it to gct it in proper condition so that it will be a good seed bed for wheat. Then again, alfalfa sown in midsummer should he sown without a nurse crop. it should have the entire ground to itself. Then it gets none too big to stand the winter. it I wanted to get this field to alfalfa as soon as possible. I would plow the ground this fall and put it to early peas or early potatoes next spring. and as somi as these crops were off I would harrow the ground and prepare it as soon as possi- ble and then seed to alfalfa without a nurse crop. it is possible if you would seed to wheat this fall, then next year cut the wheat just as soon as it was ripe, and thoroughly disk and cultivate the ground. you could preapre a bed for alfalfa that would be satisfactory. The wheat ought to come off by the 4th of July or soon thereafter. if special pains are taken to prepare the ground at once, and it“ the moisture proposition is fav- orable, you could seed to alfalfa in the last of July or the first (if August on this wheat stubble. if your land is in good condition you might expect good results I would certainly prefer this to sowing it with the wheat this full. I have prac- ticed mixing alfalfa seed with the clover seed and seeding on the wheat ground in early spring for the last few years, but I have not succeeded in getting a very good stand of alfalfa. Of course, it don’t give the alfalfa Very much of a show. You have got a wheat crop. then you only mix a third of your seed alfalfa. the rest is red clover. 1 am of the opin- ion that after we get our soil well in- oculated with the alfalfa bacteria that we can seed in wheat in the spring with alfalfa and get fair reSults. This last Spring I did not seed to clover until af- ter the ground was dry enoughso that it could be harrowed. Vile didn't ‘get our cloyer hulled in time to sow it as, I usually do before the frost leaves the ground“ 7 I mixed nearly a third of the Sega ,altalfa. and hart-owed the wheat‘ ground both ways. It has been an ex- ceedingly dry summer. no rain in the early part of the summer, nor for that matter. at any time. and the seeding is exceedingly small and doeem’t look fav- THE-MICHIGAN FARMEAR orable, but quite ‘a lot of the alfalfa is alive. In some places there is as much alfalfa as there is red clover. _ COLON C. LILLIE. SEED POTATOES AND THE CROP. In going about the state we find that there is a general complaint that potato seed did not grow as expected, and there is great disappointment in some places. With some farmers there is almost an entire loss of the crop on account of the seed not growing. \Ve have taken the liberty to question some of those who have failed with their crop, on account of “poor seer.” as they term it, and have invariably found that the cause of failure was mismanagement with the seed. One man said he had taken great pains with his seed. as he cut it and put it in the granary at least three weeks before be planted his crop. Farmers have been cautiOned repeatedly through the Michigan Farmer to not pile potato seed after cutting, or store it in boxeS, crates or bags. as it will heat and the life of the eyes will be destroyed. Others have stated that they cut their potato seed and planted it immediately and it did not grow. It is safe to cut potato seed and put in the ground while the cut is yet “raw” or “fresh” as we term it. early in the season while the ground is yet cool. It certainly is not safe to put freshly cut seed in the ground after. and during hot weather, as the warm ground, especially sand, coming;r in contact with the freshly cut tuber will cause it to decay before the sprouts have time to send out little rootlets to gather nourishment from the soil. Where there is a partial loss of seed by cutting and putting it in the ground at once. i have noticed that there is but a feeble growth of the stalks that are standing. The sprouts were not well nourished by the parent potato, and they did not get a vigorous start—had to struggle to live for some time-——-conse- quently like a young animal which has been stunted while very young. are un- able to recover during the whole period of life. It is safe to cut potato seed during hot weather. but it should not be planted at once. It should be spread out thinly in a place where it can be. protected from the direct rays of the sun for a few days until the freshly cut portion of the po- tato has time to dry or become calloused over, and then it can resist the influence of the warm ground. Some who are heavy losers from mis- management of the potato seed this sea— son. have declared that they will not plant anything but whole potatoes here- after. Such a course would lead to a considerable waste of tubers. especially with some varieties. To plant all small potatoes is a poor practice. It is a bet- ter plan to use good judgment in cutting and handling the seed. I have referred to this matter of mis- management of potato seed at this time of the year. while the results are fresh in the minds of those who have sustained heavy losses. and the example of apoor crop is before all who may desire to look to see that in many fields there is a par- tial failure. simply because the seed was not properly handled and cared for before it was put in the ground. There are val- uable lessons abOut the handling of po- tato seed that should be well learned and remembered. Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP. FILLING THE SILO. The dry weather has caused a. great many farmers to fill their silos rather early. Some of them will be filling the Filo for the first time and will no doubt encounter some difficulty in getting it filled properly. Filling a silo correctly is essential to first-class ensilage. The. stave silo that has been exposed to the hot sun all summer long should be tightened so that it is air tight. If it cannot be tightened so that it is air tight by shortening the hoops, a small amount of clay can be placed in the cracks as the silo is being filled. A great amount of labOr and expense can be saved in the field if a corn binder is used to cut the corn. It puts the corn in bundles that can be conveniently handled. The binder should be started a day before filling and :kept in operation until enough cornis cut to fill the silo. the kernels have begun: to ‘dent'or when ‘a few of the lower leaves have begun to turn yellow. Do not let the com get too ripe as it does not pack so well and- spoils. It is not so palatable as where c ‘The'best time -to cut the"corn is when" it is cut at the right stage. On the oth- er hand, if the corn is out too green the silage will be too sour and the stock will not relish it, and it will not be such a healthful feed as good sweet silage un- doubtedly is. While filling the silo at least two men should distribute the silage evenly over the surface and tramp well. particles will remain in one place and if they are not scattered about the silage will settle unevenly and make mouldy silage. Care should be used in tramping the outside particularly compact to ex- clude all of the air that might enter through the wall. The silage cannot be trumped too solid. If the corn becomes too ripe or if the frost catches it before it can be placed in the silo and the leaves become too dry, it is a good plan to ap- ply water to the silage to make it more compact. A stream of water running in the blower enough moisture. Some apply the water by the use of a hose directly to the silage from the inside. 'It is a good plan to refill the silo after the silage has settled three or four days. A small amount of the silage should be removed from the top of the silo before it is refilled since a Small portion of it spoils. The silage settles five or six feet and a great amount of silage can be added. After the silo is filled some material should be put on top of the- silage to keep it'from spoiling until feeding be- gins. Oat straw blown on top makes a good covering to exclude the air. If the oat straw is wet and some oats are sown in the straw it makes a still better cov- ering. A covering of silage with the ears removed makes an excellent pro- tector. If the silo is filled in this man- ner and the top carefully covered there will be very little danger of the silage spoiling. Indiana. J. C. KLIN‘E. MORE FARMERS SHOULD USE FER- TlLlZER. The attitude of the average farmer to- ward cOmmercial fertilizer has without doubt undergone a decided change dur- ing the paSt few years Men who were formerly either indifferent on the subject or downright opposed to its use as a waste of good money, are now regularly buying and applying it to their crops in increasing quantities, as demonstration proves its value to their soil. But few of the intelligent ones are buying indiscriminately, however. They demand the preparations which are par- ticularly adapted to their needs. the special grades formulated so as to give each crop the elements best suited to its requirements Results must surely be satisfying when men by experiment be- come convinced that it pays to apply as much as 1,000 pounds of specially pre- pared fertilizer to the land they are put- ting in potatoes. These are facts which convince even the most skeptical. Granted that barn— yard manure well cared for and properly applied, is a splendid all‘al‘ound fertiliz- er. the fact that the supply is limited and that there is not half enough of it for the land compels the use of some- thing Which will supplement this. Plow- ing under clover and alfalfa adds humus to the soil as does the stable manure, but when it comes to concentrates we are. compelled under ordinary circum- stances to resort to other means and find useful the prepared commercial fer- tilizers. Try it on the wheat ground this fall and see for yourself what it will do. Closely allied to this subect, it seems to me. is the treatment of seed to pre- vent smut, and other fungous diseases. That this can be done has been proven time and again. Such treatment of the seed for half an oat field brought the crop on that half to maturity bright and Found, while the adjoining portion, un- treated, was covered with smut and only half a yield was harvested. Such expe- rience as that is sufficiently convincing for any man. Genesee Co. E. E. Rocxwooo. THE KALAMAZOO COUNTY (3an CONTEST. Under the auspices of the Kalamazoo County Farm Bureau we have just con- cluded a tour of inspection by automo- bile of the plots grown by the boys in the Kalamazoo County Corn-Contest. Seventy boys and four girls enrolled.~ The- great. majority ,had. gone. forward- wlth the work. President Smith. of the farm bureau and. myself. were. out -. Six days. In each community we were ac- companied by some local man. among. whom were L. J. Bradley and J. Robert - The heavier . while filling will furnish' SEPT. ' 6, 1913. ._.——— Duncan._wel”l knoWn corn men. Instruc-l tion was given right on the ground and suggestions made for improvement the coming year. The childan are enthusi- astic and nearly all are making plans for next year when a full acre will be grown—Cary A. Rowland, Director Boys and Girls’ Corn Club. WHY BOYS LEAVE THE FARM. A spirit of uneasiness is felt by many independent farmers for the reason that their boys want to leave the farm. This desire to change from farm work to some different employment is shared by many boys and young men. It is very natural for men who have, by industry and thrift, put themselves into the possession of a fine farm, to have a desire that their children shall own and occupy it after they are com- pelled to turn it over to somebody else. I shall insist upon it that the average boy or girl is fully as intelligent as the parents. When the .parent is trying to influence the future of the child he. should remember that he is dealing with an equal. I know it is quite natural for some fathers to talk to their sons in a. know-it-all sort of a way, and I am quite certain that such talk is very dis- tasteful to most boys, still they bear it because they have to. A father who wishes to influence a son Should first get acquainted with him. It would surprise some fathers to know that every boy in the neighborhood knows his son better than he does. I call to mind a circumstance which took place in my early school days. One of the larger boys left our school and was attending a private school. The father visited our school one day, and passed around from one boy to another explaining how well his son Richard was doing. and what great advancement he was making in his studies. He did not seem to know what was an actual fact, that every boy he talked to knew his son Richard much better than he, did. A friend and myself were standing by the side of the highway one day when we saw two persons riding dowu the road towards us, talking very friendly and familiarly. As they "came nearer we saw that they were father and son. “Well," said my friend, “I never heard a father talk to a son in that way before. There they were talking to each other in the same tone of voice that one neighbor would talk to another. Such action is so rare that my friend noticed it and spoke about it. Fathers are too apt to get in the habit of talking to their sons in a dic- tatorial sort of a way. As one father expressed it. “NOW, I raised you up from nothing and it is your business to listen to me." It is more natural for mothers to talk to their children as though they considered them as equals. Boys and girls have well defined ideas of right and wrong long before they reach manhood and womanhood. and parents should Study them to find out what those ideas are. Branch Co. 0. A. VANDERBILT. FARM NOTES. Treatment of Smut ln Seed Wheat. I would be pleased to know of a form- ula for treating smut in wheat. Also, will the treatment be effective on seed wheat that is now smutty? Eaton Co. B. D. B. There are two distinct kinds of smut which attack wheat, viz., stinking smut or bunt, and loose smut. The stinking smut, so-calied, is easily detected be- cause of the fetid odor which it imparts to the wheat. Also becauFe of the, pres- ence of smut balls or kernels in the wheat. These grains are slightly larger and more irregular than healthy ones and are familiar to all. They are easily broken open and the powder with which they are filled, which is really composed of myriads of minute spores or seeds of the disease, adheres to the other kernels. making them unfit for seed, and when very plentfiul making the grain of little value for milling purposes. This smut yields to a number of treatments, the mOSt commonly used of which is the for- malin or formaldehyde treatment. This is applied by addi‘ngone pound of" commercial formaldehyde to 50 gallons of water. ered, for two. or three hours, and then spread. to .dry., About one gallon of this mixture is required for treating a. bushel of wheat. . » The .grain is then spread out , on the floor and sprinkled pr Sprayed ,with the solution, then shoveled over un- , til all is thoroughly moistened, whenit. is left in. a compact pile,. preferably cov- There- are saileral other treatrnents.‘ SEPT. 6, 1913. one with corrosive sublimate, which is objectionable because of the poisonous nature of the chemical; the copper sul- phate treatment, which- is more apt to injure the germinating quality of the wheat; and the hot water treatment, which is more difficult to apply. For these reasons the formaldehyde treat- ment has come to be the standard in use and if the formaldehyde is of the proper strength (a 40 per cent solution) good results are assured. The loose smut of wheat is not nearly so prevalent, although in some seasons and localities it causes considerable loss. It does not yield as readily to treatment of the seed and where it is present in the field it is better to get seed which was not from an infected crop. Its appear- ance is characterized by leaving a black- ened and naked head instead of normal appearing head, as is the case with the stinking smut. Making Cowpea Hay. Will you kindly tell me how to har- vest cowpeas? I have nine acres. Some are drilled the same as beans and were cultivated and a few were broadcasted. Will leave a few for seed, but would like to make hay of most of them if it can be done. If not, will plow them down for corn next year. Barry C0. . G. H. \Vhile cowpeas are somewhat difficult to cure into hay on account of the rank and succlent nature of the plant, quan- tities of them are, however, made into hay in the south each year. From re- ports of the methods used in the south it would appear that different methods are used in different sections, just as different people here use different meth- ods of curing clover hay. The Mississip- pi Experiment Station advises starting the mower in the morning as soon as the dew is off and cutting during the forenoon. As soon as the top of the swath is well wilted the tedder is then run over the field to shake the vines up and expose them more thoroughly to the air and sun. \Vhen the crop is heavy the tedder is used the second time and usu- ally the vines so treated are cocked up the following afternoon and left to re- main two or three days before being opened up and hauled to the barn. If it rains while the vines are still in the swath they are allowed to dry off on the surface and then tedded and handled as before. Rain damages this hay less than clover hay if handled properly after be- ing wet. Prof. Massey, of the South Carolina Station, advocates a different method of curing. He advises curing in the swath until a stage of dryness is reached so that when a handful of vines is twisted hard no juice will run out. Then rake up and haul directly to the mow, per- mitting it to cure in the mow. \Vhile more difficult to cure than clo- ver hay, the same methods which are employed in curing clover hay will sue- seed with cowpeas. The crop is gener- ally cut for hay at about the time the first pods begin to ripen. Marl as a Soil Corrective. Would you advise me regarding the value of marl on sandy or clay soil that seems somewhat depleted as to its abil- ity to raise a good clover crop? Also, is it any benefit to the corn crop, fruit trees and alfalfa? If it is applied two or more years hence? Should it be im- mediately worked into the ground by plow or disk or will it hold its value if left on the surface? Kindly answer in Michigan Farmer and oblige a sub- scriber of 46 years. Jackson Co. A. F. D. There is no doubt that a very large percentage of Michigan soils would be benefited by an application of lime, par- ticularly soils that do not grow clover readily, or soils on which it is difficult to get a good catch of clover. As a good grade of marl is practically pure car— bonate of lime, this is one of the best forms of lime to apply as a soil correc— tive. While all clovers require a rela- tively large amount of lime as a direct plant food, it is generally considered by students of the problem that the bene- ficial effect is due rather to a sweetening of the soil which produces an alkaline, rather than an acid reaction, thus mak- ing it a more acceptable home for the bacteria for which the clover plant is a host, and without the presence of which it will not reach a maximum develop— ment. For alfalfa this condition of the soil seems to be even more necessary than for clover and in a great many sec- tions of the state farmers are finding it absolutely necessary to apply lime in or- der to secure a good stand of alfalfa. Where marl, or ground limestone, which is also a carbonate of lime, are applied to the soil it is not necessary to work it into the surface at once, although better results will follow if it is ultimately mix- ed with the surface soil. Undoubtedly, THE MICHIGAN _FARMER John Deere Spreader ' The Spreader with the Beater on the Axle if applied now it will be of benefit two or three or even twenty years hence. The writer last year saw a very good illus- tration of this lasting benefit in a. field of alfalfa upon a portion of which ashes had been applied more than twenty years ago. In the crop then growing on the land there was all the difference between a heavy yield and a p00r crop, due un- doubtedly to the application of lime and potash some 22 or_ 23 years ago. This form of lime will retain its properties for many years and may be applied lib- erally with profitable results. The bene- fits to crops other than legumes will not be marked if noticeable at all, but it is well worth while to apply lime if it will produce a better stand or more vigorous growth of clover or alfalfa. Dislnfectlng a Cellar. Last winter a part of my potatoes rot- ted in the cellar. I think my potatoes were struck by late blight, which prob- ably caused this rotting. At digging time I found numerous hills with soft, slimy tubers. Now I suppose that the spores of this potato rot got a foothold in the cellar. I would like to get information through your valuable paper, as to how I can disinfect this cellar. The cellar has concrete walls and gravel bottom, was built three years ago, is very dry and nearly as well lighted as a living-room, and is located under the house. I am thinking of putting a cement floor in bottom of potato bins, but some neigh— bors say potatoes will not keep on a ce- ment floor. Any advice in regard to this and the first question will be much ap- preciated. Manistee C0. F. D. It is probable that a basement to which plenty of fresh air and light has been admitted will be pretty well disinfected" by these natural agents. However, if you think further disinfection is required, it is easily effected by the use of formalde- hyde gas. This treatment is applied by combining three parts of potassium per- manganate with eight parts of formalde- hyde by weight in the following manner: Place the permanganate in the bottom of an earthen crock having a capacity of at least one gallon for each pint of formaldehyde to be used. Then pour the formaldehyde in the crock and retire quickly from the cellar, shutting it up as tightly as possible. The formaldehyde will be converted into a gas which is deadly to the spores of fungi or bacteria of any kind. ‘Vhere potatoes are to be disinfected in a cellar the Wisconsin Station finds the use of about four pounds of formalde- hyde and 24 ounces of permanganate for each 1,000 cubic feet of space to be ef— fective. For ordinary disinfecting pur- poses, however, in the proportion above given one pound of permanganate is com- mOnly used to each 1,000 cubic feet of space and would probably prove effective. For ordinary purposes of disinfecting a cellar, however, whitewash will serve a very good purpose. Potatoes can be kept successfully in a cellar with a cement floor. The writer has used Such a cellar fOr storage pur— poses for many years and never had any difficulty with potatoes keeping, except in one instance when they were affected with spores of late blight. Essentials in Ice-house Construction. Will ice keep as well in a solid con- crete ice house built underground as in a double board house with air chamber built above ground? “’hich is best, a concrete floor with tile drain or a good gravel floor with a good stone drain? Barry Co. SUBSCRIBER. Ice will keep well in a concrete house built above or in the ground. provided it is properly inSulated from the walls and is provided with proper drainage. As concrete is a good conductor of heat more insulating material will probably be required than for a double board house with air chamber built above ground. But if properly packed and given proper at- tention during the summer, it will keep in either kind of structure Stifllciently Well. For drainage 3 floor of coarse gravel or cinders is best with either good surface drainage or tile drain laid about the foundation in such a manner as to insure the best possible drainage. Black Medick. Will you please tell me what the en- closed plant is? About five years ago I found the first one on a hill in the pas- ture; now It is scattered over the field. Is it a weed or is it a clover? Genesee Co. C. M. P. The specimen enclosed was Black Med- ick, also called Nonesuch (Medicago lu- pulina L.) This is an annual legume, the seeds of which quite closely resemble those of alfalfa and are not infrequently used to adulterate alfalfa seed It was ‘ originally introduced from Europe but is often found in Michigan. While it is not a bad weed it is not of sufficient value as a forage plant to make it desir- able to sow the seed. llllllllllllllllllllll! The John Deere Spreader has Revolutionizcd the Spreader Business. Here are Some of the Reasons: BEATER and all its driving parts are mounted on the rear axle. Power to drive it is taken from the rear 9.on through simple gears like those that; have been used on horse-powers for many years. This construction is patented. You cannot; get it on any other spreader. ONLY HIP-HIGH, easy to load. The top of the box is only as high as your hips. Each forkful of manure is placed just where it is need- ed. You can always see into the spreader. FEW PARTS. Clutches, chains and adjustments— in fact some two hundred parts in all—are entirely done away with. To throw the machine into operation, move the lever at the driver’s right back until the finger engages a. large stop at. the rear of the machine. ROLLER BEARINGS togeth- er with the simplicity of the machine itself, make .the John Deere Spreader light; draft. There are many more reasons that have helped to make the demand for John Deere Spreaders greater than all those interested in the spreader business thought ossible. These features are ully discussed in our spreader book. You can get it; free. llllllll % and frame of the spreader. _ £- __,.. It does a lot of other good things, too. They are fully mwwww illustrated and described in our new spreader book. John Deere Plow Co., Moline, Illinois rolllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||llllll|lllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIill|ll|llllllthinllillilillilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi 3—191 the Big Drive Wheels What You Want Here’s your chance to get exactly what you want in a manure spreader. One that is easy to load, light for your horses free from constant repairing, and one that will last as long as you think it ought: to. What You Get With a John Deere you get a low-down spreader in which the advantage of big drive wheels is not sacrificed for the low down feature. You get a spreader that is easy for your horses because it has these big drive wheels, together with roller bearings, few parts, the center of the load comparatively near the horses and evenly distributed over all four wheels. No clutches to get out of order, no chains to give trouble, no adjustments necessary. Built with steel frame, securely braced, like modern railway bridges—strong and durable. Why You Get These Things Mounting the beater on the axle makes all these things . possible in the John Deere Spreader. ' It does away with some two hundred trouble- giving parts. It makes the spreader low down. It permits the use of big drive wheels. It does away with clutches, chains and adjustments. It. puts all the strain and stress of spreading on the rear axle, where it belongs, not on the sides Get this Spreader Book It tells how the John Deere Spreader is made and why it: is made that: way. It contains illustrations of the work- ing parts and colored pictures of the John Deere Spreader in the field. It also has valuable information in regard to stor- ing, handling and applying manure to the land. Get. one of these books free, by asking us for our spreader book, Y :3 'HJllilLllllllllillllllllllllllllllfllllillllllllllfllllllJlllllllllllllllll lllillllllllllllllllllllllllll ' l Write for this Free Book and grow rich Baling Hay! hay brings fancy prices. handsomely to bale his. 30 to 40 if you hustle. with their dangers and delays. . Stacks of ready cash waiting any man of fair intelligence! For baled Each year hay press buyers are more care- ful. They demand better machines with bigger tonnage. Yet each year Sandwich sales have gone ahead—by leaps and bounds. For under every working test, the Sandwich beats all ordinary presses 2 to 8 tons daily. 25 tons are an every day job for the Sandwich, and Gas Engine is high grade, hopper cooled If you’re interested in Horse Power H small, ask about our big line of these. And every grower in your district will pay you Yes, here’s the very business for you—for your boys! “Net profits per day $18 to $22” write Swartz & Mensch, Dixon, 111. $200 to $300 clear profit monthly! You, too, can earn independence. capital and soon pay us from your profits. Sandvvich 212:3)Motor Press Scores now making And these men are their own boss. You, too, can start. with small But. you must have the type, gear driven magneto, 4, 6, 8 or 10 horse— power—and develops more than rated. Slmplo Tlmc- Trled Self F cede:- Rises high up out of the way of the oper- ator and will stand hard crowding. The motion is slow, steady,sure and strong. And rain or shine the bales come out. slick, clean and solid —from 1 to 2 a. minute. It’s great for win- Gas Engine on Same Truck drow work. This combination makes the Sandwich Solid Steel Motor Press the most: complete hay bahng outfit in existence. You can’t: wear it out and it doesn't break down. The heayy steel roller driving chain does away with slippirfig belts— Wrile for “Tons Tell' '—now FREE This surprising book-free to those who are wide-awake—tells you the enormous profits waiting the touch of your hand. What hundreds like you are doin : ~you can do. So write for it today. firusnta: 21A, to 31 tons per hour -- lv .7 gfivi\->'\l\ Fl” Coupled up short sandwich Mfg. Co., 1 15 A St, Sandwich,lll. it: lambs." When Writing to advertisers you saw their ad. in The lease state "that ichigan Farmer. ‘ ,‘j‘flwi‘s‘c’vkwrmm < ,Thls 15 the way you A want Your «'5 l i. will. 0 1m «. i Nail-u Miiiltiii’tii; .ii“ ‘ K i I“ [.l,\‘”\\ :1“ \ mm ”In .. lineup ‘1‘."lll‘l‘hm‘.‘ \il‘l “ii iii? . , mm.uu\t$«£wuv-\itli&'fl'u‘ Vi TO see your own home bright and glistening in its coat of paint—what a welcome sight it is, just as you come over the hill or make the last turn in the road! There is no prettier View in-the whole landscape. Fall is really the best painting season of the year. Not so much liability of rain while painting. Better penetration, because the wood is drier. Fewer bugs, gnats and flies to get into the paint coat. But the greatest reason of all for fall painting is in prepa- ration for the winter months—sealing up minute cracks that let in the wind and cold, fixing up the inside of the house so it will be cheerful and bright for the entire winter. . ACME QUAZITY Paints, Enamels, Stains, Varnishes are noted for their brilliance and lasting qualities. They do not blister, chip, fade or in any other way prove disappointing. They flow so smoothly and evenly oil: the brush, they make painting easy. If you want the latest and newest color combinations, send for our two books, Acme Quality Painting Guide and “Home Decorating,” and you will get many helpful suggestions in the way of color schemes and ways of renewing things about the house. We will send these two books upon request, with the name of the dealer who handles Acme Quality. Acme White Lead and Color Works Dept. AA, Detroit, Mich. Cincinnati Toledo . Nashville Jll Birmingham Salt Lake City Fort Worth ipokane Tacoma Portland San Francisco Los Angela. San Diego Boston Chicago Minneapolis St. Louis Pittsburgh ‘| BELL BROS. NNOUNCE the arrival at Wooster, Ohio, of their new importation of Percheron and Belgian stallions and mares. These horses reached Wooster August first and are the best and largest number of horses ever handled by our firm. You are invited to Wooster to see them. Look for our exhibit at the Michigan State Fair. _ BELL BROS., Wooster, Ohio. ' WHAT i353??? LUMBER FOR THE FARM? So. Cypress Mfrs' Au'u. U.S. Govt. Rept. Says: I 50 Hioenia Beak Bide. New Orleans, h. ‘ Please send me the books, FREE, “ as marked in the following squares: C Y P R E S S NewSilo Book,Vol.37. Freel’lans ': 5 practically wears out before it decays.” CY- PRESS saves repair bills. E] D Barn Book, (4 plans) Vol.4. E] FarmNeeds Book, (8 plans)Vol. 20. El Cl C] INSIST on Cypress of your local dealer: He has. or can get, Cypress lumber and shmgles. Carpentry Book. (12 p1ans)Vol.36. Ship in the coupon for your Booklets(of Real Value.) u Trellis & Arbor Book, Vol. 28. U. S. Gov't Report on Cypress. R. F. D State Town Harvest a 160 acre crop from 120 acres. This sim— ‘ ple, reliable machine does it. J Cute or shreds the stalk while hueking . the ears. . GUARANTEED a , forsize, underequalconditions of opera on. . _ , touduo more and better work with less power than n i any other machine husker in existence and to be eae- . let and safer to feed and to Operate. Our Husker Book - p I tells all about it. Send for free copy today. . _ .. , APPLETON MFG. CO. 520 Fargo 8L, Donna, I. , . THE MICHIGAN FARMER lllllthlllullMlflWllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllltllllllflfllllllflllltlllttlllmlllllllllllllllllflllllllllflfllllllllllllfllllifllllllllllllltfltlllllllltllllflllillflllllllllfllllllllllllllllllfllliflllliflllmflillfllllllll . i . r. i i ’ - ~ . L1ve Stock. mulliflfllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllll[1IIlIII!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllIlllllllllII|llflllllllll”Illllllillllllllllllllmlllllllllllllllllllllmlmlfi an E. E CAITCULATING VALUE OF CATTLE FEEDS.“ In farmers’ bulletin No. 399 published by the United States Department of Ag- riculture the author, J. M. .W'estgate, has assigned certain values to-- the essential parts of commercial feeding stuffs. Pro- tein is given a value of $0.067 a pound; carbohydrates $0.006 a pound; and fat $0.01 a. pound. These figures _may be used as a fairly accurate guide in calcu— lating the value of different feeds on the market. They are only relative, how- ever. as the prices of food elements vary from year to year and in different sec- tions of the country. In some feeds it will be possible to buy protein cheaper than the value given it in the preceding figures while the same will be true with the carbohydrates and fats. For example, 100 pounds of cotton- Seed meal will give about 35 pounds of digestible protein. If the feed cost $1.65 per hundred. pounds, the protein would cost only five cents a pound and there would be the carbohydrates and fat be- sides. As a farm will produce all the carbo- hydrates and fat needed in a ration for milch cows, about all that is necessary to consider is the cost of the protein. The feed that will furnish this the cheap- eFt generally is the most economical. It is a simple mathematical calculation to get the cost of this per pound when the analysis of the feed is known. Wheat bran. which contains about 12 per cent of digestible protein will give 240 pounds of it to the ton. It is figured the same as simple interest on :1 note, by multi— plying the weight of the feed by its per cent of protein. Then divide the price of the feed per ton by the number of pounds of protein in the ton and the answer will he the cost of the protein per pound. With bran at $25 a ton the portein would cost slightly more, than 10 cents a pound. In oats which contain nine per cent of digestible protein there would be 180 pounds of protein in a ton and it would 'cost approximately 140 :1 pound when cats were selling at 40c a bushel. If the oats were 30c a bushel the cost wmzld be .bont 100 a pound. making oats at 300 a bushel the equivalent of bran at $25 a on. If oats were '40c, bran would be the heapest feed. By the same pr0cess of figuring it is found protein in oil meal costs about six cents a pound when the meal is $37 a ton, one cent a pound lll’ll‘e than it would cost in cottonseed meal. The same meth- od can be applied to brewers’ grains, gluten, ajax or any of the try-product grains. Feeders must learn it is not the weight of feed a dollar will buy that counts, but the amount of food elements the feed contains. One grain may be more eco- nomical at $1.60 a. hundred pounds than another is at $1 for the same amount because it furnishes the food elements at a net cheaper cost per pound. As pro- tein in oats \is very expensive it will be more economical to sell them and buy cottonseed 'meal or some other concen- trated feed. In figuring out what feeds SEPT; e, 191:. 'F v. to buy it is necessary to take into con- sideration both its analysis and its cost. A certain feed may be reasonably cheap in one section, but far from economical in a different market. Penn. L. J. HAYNES. FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS. Rye vs. Rye Bran. The mill will give me $20 per ton (560 per bushel) for my rye. They will sell me rye bran at $24 per ton. Had I bet- ter sell the rye and buy the bran or have the rye ground and feed it to hogs and milch cows? Jackson Co. L. M. J. The relative economic value' of these grains would depend not a little upon the animals to which they are fed and the other factors in their ration. For fattening hogs on green forage the rye ground and fed in the form of slop would undoubtedly be the most economic feed. *On“'the bther hand,” if other grains, not- ably corn, are to be fed then a limited amount of rye bran might be fed with profit, although bran is a feed containing too much fibre to form the base of a ra- tion for either fattening or growing swine. For dairy cows the rye bran would be superior to the rye if wed in connection with other feeds, such as o:lt:, because. it is much richer in protein, having a somewhat wider nutritive ratio than the wheat bran. But if rye is compared to corn and rye bran to wheat bran, the feeder will get a fairly good idea as to the relative merits of these two feeds for any purpose, although they lack some- what in palatability and will not give quite as good results as the two grain feeds mentioned. A GOOD FLY TRAP FOR THE STABLE. This Michigan fly trap catches by the thousand. Anybody can make one. .139- tails of construction are as follows: 1. End boards 12x18 inches, slanted from two inches at top downwards eight inches. 2. Two-inch hole at top to empty out dead flies. 3. Two strips 2x221/2 inches. down within one inch of bottom. 4. Wire 24x60 inches. Nail one end near center (by turning over surplus edges “’2 ridges) eight inches from the bottom, slant to bottom. wrap around and bring the other end to 54-inch of the first end. leaving a. space for the flies to crawl up through. 5. Nail on top strip 2x24 inches. The trap will be 12 inches wide. 18 inches high in the center and 24 inches long—a suitable size for restaurants, markets, groceries, barns, etc. Bait with banana peels or other de- caying fruit, black molasses. brown sug- ar wet, etc. After feeding the fly will invariably go up into the large apart- ment. At night kill them with hot wat- er; or cover the trap with old carpet or oil cloth and put a small cloth saturated with formaldehyde under it, or sprinkle them with'insect powder, or born 20 uunnru'nimmmu l l l l l l l l -—__— w— M-**’ l l l i SEPT. 6, 1913. drops of carbolic acid on a hot shovel under it. The latter is sure and instant. Cost: Wire, 20 cents; lumber and nailS, 30 cents. TO PROMOTE MORE SCIENTIFIC HORSESHOEING. The first school for horseshoers to be established in America is to be opened in connection with the veterinary depart- ment of Cornell University next winter. It is stated upon good authority that in many European countries horseshoers, before being permitted to engage in the business must give some time to the study of the anatomy of the foot and leg of the horse in order that horses may become better safeguarded against bad practice in horseshoeing and the owner be assured that his animal is being shod by a well qualified man. This school is to be open only to residents of New York state, but there is a movement on foot to secure similar action by other state col- leges throughout the country. LIVE STOCK N EWS. Severe drop in hog prices and a. widen- ing range in the market is due to several causes, chiefly a supply at all‘points re- cently which has been above packer needs. Shrinky sows have come in abund- ance off grass and these classes were pounded hardest while the heavy pack- ing hogS, arriving in big volume for the hot weather period, put killers in a sour mood toward them. Fresh meats demand is only moderately good, obviously for the reason that pork at retail is prac— tically as high as beef and mutton. Ad- vancing value of old corn and its short— age in many sections induced farmers to cash hogs freely. Holding them in nopes of a reaction in the market did not seem good policy since the board bill rises high when corn keeps getting more expenstve daily. A hog feeding on cheap corn is a good investment but a finished animal being boarded on high-priced feedstuff in anticipation of a turn in the market is an expensive proposition which many farm- ers have been desirous of getting rid of. Iowa state biological laboratory offi- cials are hard pressed to supply hog cholera serum to a growing demand for it in that state. A loss of $12,000,000 by the cholera epidemic last year caused the state legislature to appropriate $50,000 for a serum plant to manufacture serum pre- ventative and every farmer with a Sle hog is rushing an order to the state bio- logical department to hurry him some of the serum. Success in checking the diS- case is greater than in manufacturing the compound with which to do it. Where the farmer inoculates his herd before they come down with the fever he usually saves them, but the Iowan‘s chief trou— ble, according to reports from that state is to get the serum in time to make it Of real use. No matter how high a beef cattle short- age—which appears inevitable a few months off—would send retail prices un— der ordinary c0nditions, the consumers’ pocketbook and its elasticity to cover his household expenses will be the main fac- tor in regulating costs. This is the 0pm- ion of live stook traders at chief market centers. They reason that the butcher, realizing his slim chance of getting a re- tail price which will afford him making a profit if wholesale cost goes much high- er, will buy less beef. If beef is advanced at retail it is highly probable that less of it will be purchased by the consumer of average means. The purchasing power of a dollar is a strong force in controlling its expenditure and when a dollar Will buy less than three pounds of beef the aVerage consumer may be expected to send it into another market to buy a greater quantity of necessities. In other words, beef will become a luxury, and luxuries are not common on the table of the wage earner. Late reports gathered from reliable sources indicate that most of the grass- beef—producing region lying west of the Missouri river will be prepared to ship to market full supplies of cattle this year, but reports from the northwestern range country are quite different, as the two Dakotas, Montana and Wyoming shipped out their cattle holdings so closely last autumn that they are greatly short on marketable cattle this year. Prices ruled so unusually high last year that owners fOund it highly profitable to market most of their holdings, and grass cattle will be scarce this season. The shortage is variously placed by different authorities as from 25 to 50 per cent compared with last year, and it is stated that the cat- tle marketed in the middle west will con- sist chiefly of fat steers. as cows and calves will be worth more money in far western markets, where a drouth has greatly depleted the supply. Hay is plentiful, and thin' steers will be largely held back for feeding through next win- ter. Pacific coast butchers are invading Nevada and Idaho, and they are trying to contract for grass cattle for fall de- livery, but owners are not inclined to do so, as feed is plentiful, and higher prices are expected later on. In the corn belt states around Chicago and east of there. as well as farther west, the corn-fed beeves have been mostly marketed. At the present time grass cattle predominate in the markets of the country, and this will be even more the case as the season advances. This will result in a further widening out of prices. for 0cattle, and already killers are discriminating strong- ly against the commoner grassers, finding that they dress out unsatisfactorily. FREE. TIP To THE MICHIGAN to the H ave > , ‘ , State Fair . l {N R“ a. —purchase at our 8' SPCCI? . \7 V‘ ll, exhibit any Gray En— proposrtlon fiblr: gine from 2% 11.1). up for every reader ‘: ‘ l andthc priceofyourcxcur- : of this paper who is too busy to come to the Fair. We know that thousands of farmers will be too busy to get away right at this time—so we ask every purchase of a gasoline engine to send in the coupon and get the big Gray Engine “ 1) Book S and our Special Fair Week Prices Remember this special offer is good for Fair Week only, and in order to take advantage of it, you must send in the coupon below, or write us a postal mentioning The Michigan Farmer, and your letter or postal must be mailed before the last day of the Fair, which is p Gray Engines of the 4—cycle type are made in sizes from 13/4 to 25 h. p. They are shipped complete. ready to run—water cooled—operate on Kerosene. Gas- ohm: or Gas—simple and easy to care for. Built for long life. hard work and lots of it. The Gray Engine Book "S." with its complete description and 50 illustrations. is an 'cnginc exhibit" in itself-a splendid guide in selecting the right engine for your requirements. Don’t take any chances on losing this paper or forgetting the address. but GRAY MOTOR CO. \ -‘ 4 ‘ ~ :7 v‘ " : ,- V . \ '1 ’ sion ticket will be refunded. ‘ ‘ ‘ ' That in a nut—shell is our free trip otter—we pay your railr/oack fare—n0 red tape or formafitie's, just a straight business proposition. man who is interested in the This offer is open to any reader of The Mir/zigan Farmer, residing in Michigan, Ohio or Indiana—«all we ask is that you tear out the coupon below and bring it with you. During the Fair we are going to do the biggest week’s business in the history of our organization, and in addition to refunding the price of your railroad fare, we will offer all engines at sperm! lo-wjirire: during Fair week 071/}. Every Gray Engine will be plainly marked with H. P. and Price and you will only have to compare them with other engines of similar high quality to see that the price is really Jamel/ling special. It will pay any man who intends buying a gasoline engine between now and spring to take advantage of this unusual opportunity—it‘s the one chance you can’t afford to miss. Remember that the Gray Guarantee is back of any engine we sell at the Fair Just the same as when sold through dealers. But whether or not you buy an engine at the Fair, we want you to come and sec us—wc will have one of the finest engine exhibits on the Fair grounds. Every Adidzigan Farmer reader will be welcome at the Gray Exhibit. 9796“” DETROIT, MICH. Motor Bldg. September 15th to 20th September 20, 1913 Mail the Coupon Today ,1 “1. Name Address This Coupon Entities You to Special State Fair Prices. Fill " ._ ~ ' _’ out your the above Space and mail to us today for our special sition. Free Trip Coupon TcarOutThis Coupon and \ j’ . brmgztzuz't/zyouto t/IL'Fair. It will entitle you to the price of your railroad trip to the Fair, when you buya Gray Engine name and address on i ,_ g 3 Propo~ . . v ‘ j? ' ‘. ~ f ~> GRAY MOTOR EXHIBIT“? . '{E ‘3 . . an? ‘ ago. .. . ~93“ . - l O". 0 0‘1 I ‘1‘ . “ Sun, Trinidad Lake asphalt makes roofing lastingly tight against rain, This is the everlasting waterproofer of Nature. We use it to make .. Because it gives absolute protection Genasco is economical roofing— 1t costs less in the end. Ask your dealer for Genasco. Mineral or smooth surface. Look‘for the hemisphere trademark. The Kant-leak Kle'et is in every roll of smooth surface Genasco. It water- proofs seams Without cement and prevents nail-leaks. The Barber Asphalt Paving Company Philadelphia Largest producers of asphalt. and largest ‘Ncw York manufacturers of ready roofing in the world You Can Get An INDIANA SlLO M‘QUICKW WchavcallourSilostock under cover, and its thor- oughly scasoncd ready to make your Silos. Write, telephone or wlre us, and we will make delivery quick. Wllct us send you our Silo Book Free. INDIANA SlLO COMPANY The largest. makers of Silos in the world. Address nearest factory: 582 Union 81112., Anderson, Ind. 582 IndinnnBldg., Des llloincs, In. 582 Silo Bldg.. Kansas City. lilo. VyZ’A-phnltJAlur-rrd wool nu l'vimdul Lulu “\upbnlt Weatherproof is expense-proof wind, snow, heat and cold. THE TRINIDAD-E ‘C-‘e ) ~. rc enasc \ - in every state. Price $2000 BUKTON. . Chicago San Francnsco NEW PROCESS MFG. 00.. HARVESTER with Binder Attachment cuts and throws in piles on harvester or winrow. Man and horse cuts and shocks equal with'avctfin Binder. Sold of Johnstown.0hio. writes: “The Harvester has proven all you claim for it; the Harvester saved me over $25.00 in ahor last. year's corn cutting. I cut. over 500 shocks: will make 4 bushels corn to a shock." Testimonials and catalog free. showing pictures of harvester. Address SALINA. KANSAS. ‘ -> ,, is. WSmmfiRuaaERcO. 03 FREE ~05". 19 LA CRESCENT. Mini]. " ’ 194—6 If burning embers fell on your roof from an adjoining fire, would you be alarmed for the safety of your building? tatistics show that thousands of buildings are need- ' lessly burned every year—because they are roofed with in- flammable materials, easily ignited by sparks and brands. safeguard your buildings against this dreaded fire-hazard by covering them with J-M Asbestos Roofing This is the only ready roofing that afi'ords perfect fire protection. It has withstood the flame of a powerful blow—torch for almost an hour without a sign of burning. The wonderful fire—resisting quality of J-M Asbestos Roofing is due to its all mineral construction—layers of Asbestos felt (fire-proof rock), cemented together with Trinidad Lake Asphalt, Nature’s time-defying waterproofing. The absence of perishable animal and vegetable substances also means that J-M Asbestos Roofing contains nothing to rot, melt, dry out crack or rust. the last cost. Hence, it never needs coating or protection of anyform. Itsfi'rst cost is It is the cheapest-per—year roofing on the market. Adapted to any type of building—in any climate. Easily applied. J—M Roofing Cleats, packed in each roll, make absolutely watertight seams and give the entire roof a handsome white appearance. Order from our nearest branch if your hardware or lumber dealer can't supply you. \Vrite our nearest Branch today for a sample of the curious Asbestos Rock that forms the base of this roofing and Book No. 28 40 H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO. MANUFACTURERS or Asses-ms AND Macs-Esra PRODUCTS Albany Baltimore .Boston Buffalo Detroit Indianapolis Kansas City Los Angclcs Chicago Cincmnati Cleveland Dallas VOID? asagsms Louisville Milwaukee Minneapolis New Orleans Asnrsros Roormos, PACKINGS, ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES, ETC. New York Omaha Philadelphia Pittsburgh San Francisco Seattle St. Louis Syracuse THE CANADIAN 11. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE CO., LIMITED Toronto Montreal Winnipeg Vancouver 1976 < N a: - larger sizes up to 5 1-2 shown Tire. ‘ 30 Days’ Free Trial Earns “9 on 60“ Buys ”I. New Butter- .. a 5‘ _._ and more by what I saves In cream. onta fly .lr. No.1. Light running, LI 4: , brings Free cat- alog folder and ”dimet—from-factory" easy cleaning, close skim- once, ming, durable. Guaranteed I buy from the manufacturer and save half. . ‘ Only $2 Down ALBAUGH-DOVER CO. L One Year to Pay! per hour. Made also in four 2269 Marshall Blvd. _ CHICAGO , Whether you are in the Dairy Business or no The 8th Annual National DAIRY SHOW Ghlcago, Oct. 23rd to Nov. mm: will aflord you the grandest outing and recrea‘ ion of the season, as well as chance compare with your brother farmer from all over the country as to what is going on In the. dairy world because everybody and everything of value to the industry J ill llll'i. .i'ii,"’?illi’"l| m" 3 Saves $10. to $15. Ill!!! lllllrill'l‘ ll "5" I: ” "III ”II! I l I llll lmll mill |lllli l uii‘ iil .' " ."V “J I” ,"N imil lllllllllllllllllllllllll illllll "nil Ililll lullm , The De Laval Separator Co: ‘ New York Chicago San Francisco Milli.” Ill The best of all dairy investments will be on tap. When writing advertisers please mention The Michigan F armor. - jr( 4". 4a "5’. ‘.“ '3 at“ a- The Old Way \ You want your house to look as well as your neigh- bor’s. Before you paint, learn of the reater advan- cs of “High Standard” Liquid Paint—the paint that is scien- tifically made. The guesswork of the old way is now replaced by tested and proved scientific methods enabling us to produce paint of the greatest adherin and protecting power. High Standar Liquid Paint is the one paint to use on the farm house, where ex- W M High Standard UOUID; PAINT Have the in! looking farm balldings lnyour township—1m! booklet: will tell you how- Homes Attractive from Gate to Garrett.” and "cm to Farm Painting” Sent (to: m renders of an. paper. Write today. mmmloweMmCo., 499 [-1. Third St. , Dayton, Ohio Chicmm WM" _:M~mm - u“ . acts—for you aw... posure to sun, Wind, storm and frost requires the best rotection. Lowe Brothers Earn Paint is exceptionally durable, and like High Standard its great spreading quality makes it economical for large surfaces. For home interiors decorate with Lowe Brothers Mellotone, the modern flat wall finish, which you can apply yourself. Its colors are very soft [and beautiful; and it is washable and fade- less. Send for color cards. E E E E E E EWWHWWWWWW CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE. DAIRY NOTES. The price of cows is higher than it has ever been during my remembrance. Just recently I needed a little bit more cream and I went out to buy some cows. I have been short of cows for some little time, having sold too many heifer calves previously. I find that ordinary grade cows, new milch cows, of course, are selling from $60 to 85. We used to buy the same class of cows for from $25 to $35, then $40 to $50, and now they have jumped up to $60 to $80 and $85. This increased price is not due entirely to the price of dairy products. In fact, I think it is due more to the high price of beef than anything else. A common-sized dairy cow if she is fat is worth $40 and $50, and even $60 for beef, and this in— creases her value when you come to con- sider her as a dairy cow. A year ago last spring I purchased at a sale some grade cows and kept them all summer and all winter. They milked right along, did not give large flows of milk, but they more than paid the"~ way. This spring I sold them. together with two Jersey cows that had become barren and failed to breed for two years. I sold them by the pound on foot, and the cows came to over $60 each for beef, so this is one thing that makes dairy cows exceedingly high at the present time, They are worth a good price for beef, say nothing about the dairy qualities. The quality of the grass in the pas- tures this year is exceedingly fine. It is not to be compared to the grass last year. Half as much feed this year will produce as much milk or as much growth on young stock as it would last year. I heard :1 butcher say the other day that grass—I‘m! beef this summer was opening up fine. It had fine quality, and they were finished off. There is quality to the grass. The grass haSn’t grown so very fast this year but there is nutriment in it. Last year there was such an excessive amount of rain that the grass was waShy, it didn’t contain the food nutri- ents. and it is a fact that our young cat- tle, calves and young bulls and sheep are keeping in better condition this year than they did last. Of course, they have pretty good pasture because we haven’t overstocked it. But another thing. the cows are giving more. milk this year, even with excessive hot weather, than they did last, and we have no succulent food at all, we havo had no silage. but the hay and what grass. they get out of the pas- ture is of enough better quality so that it keeps up the flow of milk better than it did a year ago. For instance. we have had several cows that came fresh this last spring in March and April, and some in May, and they have held their flow of milk as well as I ever knew cows to hold up during the summer, especially with- out any succulent feet at all. It is largely the quality of the grass and hay that is responsible. |(EEP STABLES IN A SANITARY CON- DITION. K“ . It will pay farmers to try to keep their barns and yards in as sanitary condition as posSible. It is one of the, most essen— tial things towards progress in their line of business. The store keeper recognizes the value of it in keeping his store. Ev- ery barn where cattle and horses are kept presents a problem for one or more, men to keep in a clean sanitary condition. Twice a year at least. the walls, ceil- ing and partitions of all the stables should be swept as clean as possible and one or two coats of whitewash applied. This not only adds to the appearance of the place but to the, cleanliness, as the Whitewash is excellent to sweeten the stables, drive out spiders and other in- sects that will be found around ill—kept stables. The ceiling in many stables is made of boards. placed four to eight inches apart. llay and'straw are thrown on top of these. This makes a fine place for spider webs to collect and many other insects to nest. Particles of hay 0r straw also will drop on the cattle and get into the milk. When one is milking, dust and insects are more liable to get in the pails than if the floor above is smooth or made of matched lumber. It can then be white- washed with the walls and partition. SEPT. s, 1913. The stables ought to be cleaned out each morning and evening and fresh bedding supplied for the cows, horses and other stock. If the stables are not kept clean the cows soon become dirty and the milker is unable to sit down and procure the milk without getting-some of the dirt and manure in the pail, which taints the milk, quickly making it unfit to be used. The yard is an important thing about a barn. This should be kept dry and free from mud holes, So that when the cows are driven into the barn they will not get their udders and legs covered with dirty water and mud. It will be necessary to spend much time and labor before the milker can sit d0wn and do his work as it should be done. Besides if the cow's udder becomes wet frequently and she goes into the cool air it becomes irritated and the teats become sore. This may! easily be overcome by using some of the spare time of the farmer. \I'ith his team he can get a few loads of gravel and fill the holes, first getting tile and draining the wet places. Plenty of light is very important in a well kept stable. Have plenty of windows and arranged so that they may be Opened to let in lots of fresh air. Feed for the stock should not lie around on the barn floor where one is continu— ally walking over it. This makes it muS- sy and not in a. ,fit condition to be given to the stock. We do not like to eat our vegetables after they have been lying around on the floor where all the dust settles on them. If we expect to get good milk from our cows we must give them the proper food and care as well as a clean and sanitary stable in which to sleep. A cow kept in a stable without suffi— cient light, nothing to lie on except boards or cement and this covered with dirt and manure and only half fed, should imt be expected to do as well as one kept in a nice light, airy stable with plenty of straw to lie on. Yet many of the farm— ers give this the least of their thought and attention and then wonder why their neighbors who take care of their stock are making more money, by getting more milk, better butter and higher prices. Pennsylvania. C, S. VAN DUSEN. HOW TO HANDLE BULK MILK DE- LIVERED AT THE HOME.—ll. Milk dipped from a can or drawn from the faucet of a can may be a Source of danger, and should be avoided where it is possible to get bottles of milk, accord- ing to the specialists of the Department of Agriculture. The air of city streets and houses is laden with dust and bac- teria. and frequently particles of filth. Even if the milk is Clean in the milk- man’s receptacle. the repouring of it into an open vessel or pitcher for the customer gives an excellent chance for floating disease germs to get into the milk. In Stores where dipped milk is sold, filthy conditions often prevail, and milk is frequently handled most care- lessly. Clerks and even customers at times frequently drink out of the milk dipper. It is dangerous to give such milk to children and invalids, and at best it is rmt a clean food. Milk drawn from the faucet of a milk—dealer’s can, while not expOSed to the air so long as dipped milk, also has the disadvantage of not being thoroughly mixed. Some consum- ers therefore receive less than their share of cream. If bottled milk cammt be obtained, try have the milk delivered personally to some member of the family. and receive it in a scalded covered vessel that has not been exposed to the air of a room or street. Otherwise set out a scalded cov- ered dish or bowl, or a glass preserving t 0 jar With a glass top without a rubber band. In no case should an uncovered vessel be used. lllilk should be to ken into the house immediately on delivery, or if this is impossible, it should be plac- ed in an outside refrigerator, or the out- side door of the refrigerator in the house. if its ice—box opens to the outside. Gleam lineSS in the handling of milk is as nec- essary in the home as in the production of milk on the farm. Milk must be kept at low temperature at ,all times, to pre— vent growth of bacteria and subsequent souring. It should be kept in closed ves- sels as far as pessible. The consumer should inSit on having bottled milk de— livered, and if this is impossible should at least see that the milk after delivery suffers no additional contamination. Although the pasture may appear capa- ble of satisfying the maximum demands of the cows, yet it may not be doing this and, if not. money is being lost. ,.... \ SEPT. 6, 1913. THE MICHIGAN FARMER .K—L.‘ .M—.-L . Rea the Fifth Fall Series Electric Starter—Electric Lights Completely Equipped for $1,175 .mMHHMInm» 30 —- 35 h. p. 34 x 4-in. tires New-Style Body— Now $220 Less So we offer you now the best car that Last season’s model of Reo the Fifth, with electric starter and complete equip- ment, sold at $1,395. our record year, exceeding our previous And the year was year by 25 per cent. Now we have added many improve- ments. And, without sacrificing one feat- ure, without skimping one part, we are quoting the car at $1,175 complete. This is how we have done it: The best electric starters cost much less this year. Our chassis is standardized. Our capacity is largely increased. All the special machinery, jigs and tools for this chassis have been charged against previous output. These items from now on are wiped out from our cost. R. E. Olds ever built. \Ve offer the hand- somest car that ever went from this fac- tory. And we otter a price $220 less than a car of this class ever sold for. This is the greatest innovation which has ever been offered in the history of the Rec concern. Reo the Fifth with Many Improvements The New Things Now comes this car with a new- style body—a low, rakish, low-hung body. A wider body. body with a gondola back—the very A cowl-front latest mode. The instrument board, with all in- , . . horn. struments set flush, is brought Within cars require. Electric Starter Electric Lights Now Reo the Fifth comes com- pletely equipped with all that modern No extras are needed. Electric self-starter—electric lights. Speedometer —windshield-—electric Mohair top, curtains and envelope. reach of the operator. The windshield is ventilating, clear vision and rain vision. The search- lights have dimming attachment. The upholstering is deep and soft. There’s a new-style tire carrier on the back, which also holds the tail light and the number tag in a man- control. ner which complies with all laws levers, no We add an electric horn. rectly with the gears. Extra demountable rim. Tools, robe rail, etc. Our Exclusive One-Rod C ontrol This car alone has our center rod A rod which connects di- No outside connecting links. The gear shifting is done by mov- The transmission has been changed in ways which accomplish utter si- lence. R. M. Owen & Co. of four directions. ing this rod only three inches in each And the rod isn’t in the way. No side levers, no brake levers. Both brakes are operated by foot pedals. The driver’s entrance from either side is clear. These appealing features are found in no other car. Every Feature Retained W'e still retain every costly feature which made this car distinctive. It is still the best car R. E. Olds can build, after '26 years’ experience. The steel is twice analyzed, so the strength is made certain. Each vital part, at much added cost, is given 50 per cent over-capacity. The gears are tested for 75,000 pounds per tooth—the springs for 100,000 vibrations. The car is over-tired. We use 15 roller bearings and 190 drop forgings. The carburetor is doubly—heated. All the extremes, all the costly pre- cautions which made this car famous are here. All the tests and inspec- tions—all the margins of safety—all the utter exactness. This car is built for low cost of upkeep, and to run year after year as well as it runs when D€\V. N )w with all these unique features, with all these improvements, we quote Roadster or Touring Car 11“ you a saving of $220. That’s the result ~ of three years’ concentration on a single model. Such a car at such a price would be otherwise impossible. Look where you will, you will not at this price—nor anywhere near it— iind a car you would think of pre- ferring. We have dealers in a thousand towns. Go see this new model and ask when you can get one. Also write for our catalog with full speci- fications, details and comparisons. “3222?. 32:1.“ Reo Motor Car Co., Lansing, Mich. Canadian Price, $1,575. F actory, St. Catharines, Ont. l~ cusses l96~8 f The Michigan Farmer ' Established 1843. The Lawrence Publishing Co. Editors and Proprietors. 39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit. Michigan. TELEPHONE MAIN 4525 NEW YORK OFFICE—41 Park Row. CHICAGO Unrrcn~604 Advertising Building. CLEVELAND Orr-1012-1011-1015 Uiegon Ave.. N. E. ..J LAWRENCE ............................. President M. L. LAWRENCE. ....... ...Vioe- President E. B. HUUGHTON .......................... Sec. -Treas. I. R. WATERBURY. gbii'iYWENgffi'H " } ‘ Edi rs. ALTA LAWSON LI'l m E. H. HOUGHTON .................. Business Manager TERMS OF SUBSCRlPTlON- One year. 52 issues ................................ 50 cents Two years. 10415sues. .. ”.5100 '1 hree years. 136 issues ................................ 1. 25 Five years. 260 issues. .. ..2 00 All sent postpaid" Canadian subscriptions 500 a year extra for postage Always send money by draft, postoflice money order registered letter or by express. We will not be re sponsible for money sent in letters. Addressall com. municationa to. and make all drafts checks and Dost. office orders payable to, the Lawrence Publishing 00, RATES OI ADVERTISING: 40 cents per line as; it.) measurement. or 85 .11060 inc h. each insertion No adv‘ t inserted for less thp:n 31.20 per insertion. 0 ?No lottery. quack doctor or swindling advertise- ments inserted at any price Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Mich- igan, postoflice. COPYRIGHT l9l3 by the Lawrence Pub. Co All persons are warned against reprinting any portion of the’ contents of this issue without our written permission. DETROIT, SEPT 6,1913. CURRENT COMMENT In his address before the House of Cover- nors a t Colorado Springs, Colorado, last Senator Duncan U. Fletcher, of Florida, Chairman of the American Com— misSion on Agricultural Co—operation, commented upon one phase of agricultural crcdit which has not bccn given great prominence in the discussion of this prob- lcm in this. country. Ncurly all of the discussions 011 this question have been relative to long—time mortgagc loans. it :1ppcai's, however. from Senator Fletch- er's statements that personal credit has bccn made a muttcr of co-opcrution in muny European countries. t appears that these co—operutive or- ganizations have grown out of a condi- tion which hns obtained in foreign coun- tries as well as in the United States where the farmcr is dependant for per- sonal cicdit upon a banking system op- erated primarily in the interest of mer— chants and manufacturers which interests are dis-similar to agriculture in their credit requirements. The present re- quirements of tho furmcr are very differ- ent from those of the othcr classes of business men mcntioncd largely because returns from money invested in agricul- tural cnierpriscs are much slower than returns from other enterprises. They are, however, more ccrtain, which fact should enable farmers to realize upon a great potential credit under a plan whereby such credit could be made much more easily available. Such a plan has been some European countries and on this phase of co—operativc credit Senator Flctchcr commented as follows: “The most highly developed systems of short—time agricultural credit institutions are found in Germany. They are in the form of a pyramid composed of local co— operative credit societies. central societies opcratlng‘ generally over a province or ad- ministrative (lthrict and u muin central society as the 11ch, at Berlin. “l'lvcry farmer joining a local society assumes liability for its debts. In other words, he signs over his credit to the so- ciety and with this collective liability or crcdit as sccurity the society contracts loans and solicits saving deposits. There may also be a cash capital substrribcd or a cash reserve built up to serve as secur- ity in addition to the collective liability but it is the liability which forms the chief security. The funds thus secured arc loaned by the society to its members A rate of interest is charged members on such loans sufficiently above the ruto paid by the society to creditors so that the margin will cover the expenses of the bank and leave enough over for reserves or other purposes. “In their operation is is necessary to insure tWo things, first, that creditors shall be protected in their loans, and sec- ond, that members shall be protected against the losses to which their liability subjects them. "The members are protected by placing every possible safe-guard about the loans to insure their repayment. This ‘is done, first, by admitting to the society only persons of good standing. Then it is pro- One Phase of Agri- cultural Credit. week, developed in THE MICHIGAN .FAR'MER, vided that loans shall be made only for productive purposes, the borrower being required to state for what purpose he de— sires a loan. Further, the territory of operations for each Society is limited to an area wherein every member knows ev— ery other member and is in position to find out whether the borrower is living up to the promises he has made to the so- ciety. The liability assumed by members is depended upon to keep them watchful of the affairs of other borrowers and in a. rural community this check is extreme- ly effective. Also, profits are either pro- hibited or so strictly limited that there is no incentive to speculation as a means to swell the income of a society. ' The officers of the society are so chosen that one set or board keeps check on the oth- er. ‘The liability of all officers insures their watchfulness. The general manage— ment of the affairs of the society are left in the hands of the general assembly of all members. “No matter what stock membership 3. member may have he is entitled to only one vote. His stock ownership is gener- ally limited to a small amount. In this way these societies are insured a conser- vative management and maintain a sur— veillance over all loans made to members far closer than that maintained by the average commercial bank “All such local societies within a cer- tain territory are combined to form a central society. A central bank is estab- lished which has, first. a small cash cap- itol subscribcd by the local societies, and secondly, the collective liability of its con- stituent banks as capital. These central banks receive as deposits the surplus funds of local societies and loan them in turn to other local societies. In other words. they equalize supply and demand between the local banks. They are hard— ly more than paper institutions. Their management is undertaken through offi- cers chosen by the local societies through a representative system. “The main central banks act as equal- izcrs for the central banks above men— tioncd. The effect of this pyramiding of thc :‘oclctics is to concentrate all of the borrowing and investing for a system in one big institution. The deposits, of coruse, are taken in by the local societies and as the societies develop theSe form the bulk of the system's resources. In Germany, such deposits have at times formed over 90 pcr cent of all the funds required for loans by an entire system.” XVhethcr or not this method of co—op— oration is considered feasible in this coun- try after a thorough study of the data 0b- tuined by the American Commission in the light of American conditions, this in— formation will be of interest to the read- crs who care to study this problem in connection with the data secured from European countries. Taking it for granted Seeing the State t l1 :1 t every Michigan Fair. Farmer reader who can arrange to do so is planning to attend the Stnte Fair, 21 word regarding a systematic study of the ex- hibits might not be out of place. Of course, every farmer is interested more particularly along some certain line and in so far as that line is concerned no sug- chtions are needed. If he is a stock breeder or feeder he will be primarily in— tcicstcd in the live stock cxhibits and will study them closely and carefully. If he is a fruit grower then the horticultural exhibits will be the great attraction and the first to be visited. But there is one department at least of the exhibits in which all have a common interest. All have use for farm machinery and furm equipment and it will pay every farmer, no matter what particular line he may be interested in as a specialty, in study this department of the State Fair exhibits closely in order to become llt‘ttcl‘ acquainted with the latest improve- mcnts which are being made in both ma- chinery and equipment for operating the up-to-date farm. There is also need for the live stock breeder or fecder to study the productions of other departments be- cause they are of great. even if of Sec- ondary importance to the greatest suc- cess of his business and the same thing is true of the man who follows any other special line of production. There are also numerous educational features which no fair patron should miss. to the end that this greatest of Michi- gan's agricultural expositions may fulfill its purpose of being of the highest pos- sible educational value to itspatronS. The numerous entertainment features will prove valuable by way of diversion and in themselves are well worth while. but by comparison they are of passing rather than cumulative value and should be utilized to fill in the time of the‘fair vis- 1 itor rather than to divert his attention from educational exhibits. There is no better place to obtain up- to-date information on the best in agri- cultural products and manufactures than at the Michigan State Fair, for which reason every Michigan farmer who can possibly do so, should plan to attend be- tween September 15 and 20. in order to receive the benefits Which are his for the grasping. The third American The American Road Road Congress has Congress. been called to meet in Detroit from September 29 to October 4. The meeting is to be held 'under the auspices of the American Highway Association, the Am- erican Automobile Association and the Michigan State Good Roads Association, and will be participated in by nearly 30 organizations having for their object the betterment of the highways, many of them representing the people or highwdy officials of the various states. In the official call for the meeting attention is directed to the fact that the people of the country are now expending something like $200,000,000 annually on the public high- ways, “a large percentage of which, by reason of lack of system, ignorance of proper. methOds. and wasteful- manage- ment, is not accomplishing results at all commensurate with the outlay,” as well as to the fact that the increased we of the motor vehicle has brought new prob- lems fOr solution, hence the need of a co- ordination of effort which can best‘be brought about by an exchange of knowl- edge and experience, for which purpose the congress has been called. The sub- jects to be considered at the congress are broad, covering the whole range of high- way problems, including road legislation, both national and state; the administra- tion of public roads throughout America, including states, counties and townships; the problems of construction and mainte- nance; the financial questions concerned, etc, etc. The feature of the week’s program which will be of greatest interest to Michigan Farmer readers is Michigan Day. which will be Friday, October 3. On that day addresses will be delivered by Governor Ferris; SenatOr Townsend, who will speak on “National Legislation;" Jesse Taylor, President Ohio Good Roads Federation, whose subject will be “Good Road's Legislation and How to Get it;” F. F. Rogers, State Highway Commis- sioner, who will give a talk on “Concrete Ro:1ds;” \Villium Bryant, Chairman Good Roads Association of Kalamazoo County, who will speak on “Prison Labor on the Roads of Michigan;" Frank N. Sparks, of Grand Rapids, who will tell about the “Roads of Kent County and Western Michigan,” and Mr. Frank Hamilton, who will represent the West Michigan Pike Association. These addresses will be fol— lowed by five minute talks and will make up a program which will be of undoubted value to Michigan people who attend and particularly to highway officers of the various municipalities of the state. The agitation f o r Maintenance of the government aid in Highways. road building will perhaps have one highly beneficial effect if no other, and that is in creating a greater interest in maintaining good roads after they are once constructed. At the present time the office of Public Roads of the U. S. Department of Agriculture is trying to draw public attention to the fact that maintenance and effective repairs are of equal importance with the actual improve- ment of the highways and that the in- vestment of money for new roads does not become real economy until provision is made for keeping these roads in proper condition after they have been built. In the scheme proposed by the joint committee of Congress appointed to in- vestigate the proposition of government aid in road building, the matter of main- tenance is given the importance which it merits. It is quite probable that the adoption of the county road system in many Michigan counties will have a hen- eficial effect in the same direction, it be- ing noticeable that the permanent roads in counties having adopted the county road system are better cared for than is the case in many counties where that system has not yet been. adopted. A stretch of otherwise good road is often spoiled by bad holes Which a very small expenditure for maintenance would keep filled, or ruts form in a time when the roads are softened which at a trifling ex- penditure could be kept smoothed of! with a King drag. Under the county system these jobs are more often done at a seasonable time be- snpr. 6, 1913‘. cause there are in the aggregate more of. them for the, same man to oversee and he makes a. buSiness of seeing that they are done. There is, however, no reason why under the township system they could not. be as well done and the highway com- mlssioner who makes it his business to see that they are done should be kept on the job, while the one who does not should be retired to private life. HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK. National. The Jossman State Bank of Clarkston, Mich.. was closed last week and an ex- amination showed a shortage of approx- imately $150,000, which funds the cashier. Ralph Jossman, has confessed to using illegally to bolster up unfortunate invest- ments. The cashier has been charged with embezzlement. A national convention of Spanish Am— erican war veterans is being held in Buf- falo this week. The attendance is esti— mated at 6,000 or more. A feature of the encampment will be what is said to be the largest American flag ever made, which will be carried in the grand ievieu It is 120 feet long by 20 feet wide and is said to have a stitch for every man serv- ing in the army, navy and marines dur- ing the Spanish-American war. Judge Murphy, of Detroit, has returned from a visit to the coppex strike district of Michigan, whele he conducted an in- vestigation as a special representative of the governor to determine actual condi~ tions. After receiving 'Judge Murphy's report Governor Ferris issued a statement in which he de-calerd that the men have real grievances. By this statement. however, he did not cure to be understood as tak- ing the position that they were right in all their contentions, but that he believed that they were right in some of the things they ask, which fact makes the position of the operators seem “arrogant and un- fair.” He states emphatically that so long as there seems to he need of pro- tection of life and property troops will be kcpt in the strike region. There have been revived rumors of a possible special session of the Legislature should the sit- uation develop more serious aspects. \Vm. J. McDonald was awarded a seat in Congress, representing the twelfth dis- trict, in his contest following the official election awarding the seat to former con- greSsmun, H. Olin Young. Mr. MacDon- ald was a progressive candidate and lost the election due to an error in the print- ing of the ballots in one county. Every‘ Michigan member voted to seat Mr, Mac- Donald, with the exception of one mem- ber who did not vote. Foreign. Following the reading of President Wil- son‘s message to Congress regarding the Mexican situation, consular agents of Mexico are instructed to warn Americans to flee Mexico. ”recent advises are to the effect that President Huerta is weak- ening in his position and that he would yet accede to the conditions of mediation communicated to him by Special Ambas- sador Lind, who is still in Mexico, al~ though he has left the capital. In his message to Congress President ‘Wilson announced the administration's policy with regard to Mexico, which briefly summarized, is as follows: No armed in— tervention, strict neutrality “forbidding the exportation of arms or munitions of war of any kind from the United States to any part of the Republic of Mexico." l‘nder no circumstances to be the par- tisans of either party in the contest that now distracts Mexico or constitute our- selves “the virtual umpire between them." As mcaSurcs of protection to urge all Americans to leave Mexico at once and assist them to get away in every way possible. To let everyone in Mexico who assumes to exercise authority know that this “government shall vigilantly watch the fortunes of those Americans who cannot get away and shall hold those l€SIliinFillle for their sufferings and losses to :1 definite reckoning." The negotiations for friendly mediation may be resumed at any time. \Vlmt is desired by the ad- ministration is an early and free election in which the real views of the Mexican people may have opportunity for ex- prcssion. CROP AND MARKET NOTES. Arenac 60., Sept. 1.—Tl1e month of August has been good for growing crops, The hay crop was very light in this coun- ty. The cat crop had rather short straw but is turning out quite well. The potato crop is quite a fair stand but is consid— erably hurt by blight. To what extent the damage will reach cannot be estimat— ed at this time. The corn crop is extra good and with a few more fine days, most of it Will be ready to cut. The bean crop is a fair stand in most places. They are hurt some in low places by the wet and some pieces Show considerable blight, which will undoubtedly affect the yield to quite an extent. Wheat, 800; rye, 58c; barley, $1 per cwt; oats, 350; butter-fat, 26c per lb. ‘ Emmet 00., Aug. 28,—Light rainfall has been the rule for the month; too little for the best growth of farm.crops, al- though where intensive cultivation has been given, corn and potatoes have made a satisfactory growth. It has been a. good time in which to demonstrate the uSefulness of the dust mulch. Grain crops above the average and saved in fine condition. A little 'too' dry and hot for buckwheat yet, but this grain ap- pears to be filling quite well. Washtenaw C0,, Aug. 26. «The weather, still continues dry and plowing is very difficult. Pastures are so dry they afford but little feed, and dairy cattle are re- ceiving generous amounts of feed where they maintain a profitable flow of milk. There is sure to be a' long feeding sea‘S'On with high priced hay and grain. Early potatoes are being dug and marketed at (Continued on page 205). LITERATURE POETRY . HISTORY an? . INFORMATION F? This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week. / wJ§5b 1843.o £5 TAB Every article is written especially for it, {The FARM BOY an? GIRL SCIENTIFIC an? MECHANICAL and does not-appear elsewhere How Perry Saved the Northwest. His Decisive Battle on Lake Erie. By JAMES COOKE MILLS. UT in Lake Erie, almost beyond sight of Ohio’s green hills and sunny shores, there rises a lofty memorial structure, the mOSt imposing ever erected in this country to valor and heroism. To the memory of that noble patriot, Oliver Hazard Perry, who, one hundred 'years ago, by one decisive blow saved the vast territory of the north— west to the United States, will this stately granite shaft lift its huge lantern 347 feet above the surface of the lake. Aided by the- national government. the patriotic people of the middle west and. they had made their little shipyard, and from green timber and newly-felled trees they were constructing three small gun- boats, the noise of the hammer and saw resounding from daylight to dark. But he was amazed to find that not a gun had been provided for their arma- ment, not a step had been taken for their protection while still on the stocks; nor had rope or canvas been sent for the sails and rigs, ing. The supervising pow- er of the young commander was at once exerted, and with characteristic energy he took up these matters one by one. The Perry Memorial Column now of Rhode Island and Kentucky are re— viving the memory of heroic deeds and sacrifices of a past age, and proclaiming to the world the efficacy of a century of peace secured thereby. The conditions along the western frontier early in the war of 1812 were most diScomfiting. A sanguinary conflict had been raging for months. and was characterized by defeat, disaster, and disgrace. The inglorious surrender of the fortress of Detroit threw open the whole extended frontier to the stroke of the tom— ahawk. and smOte the nation with dis— may. The heartrending tragedy of the liver Raisin and other doomed localities followed; deeds of unutterable horror were enacted, while the authority and protection of the I'nited States almost ceased within its borders. In view of all this the creation of an effective fleet, the timber for which was growing in the wilderness, was ordered by the govern- ment for purposes of protection. The command of the, lakes was indispensable to the recovery of the northwest. The crisis demanded vigorous action, com- bined with valor and talent to direct it. Such were the scenes along the lake shores, and such were the conditions of warfare. when Oliver Tlazard Perry, then a. master-commandant in the navy of the United States, was designated to build and afterward to command the squadron on Lake Erie. His fighting spirit was arouSed by the. unjust pretensions of England. and the horrors of savage war- fare, and he had sought this active com- mand which offered the prospieet of “meeting the enemies of his country He therefore set out from Newport on the, twenty-second of February, 1813, with a company of one hundred and fifty selected men and officers. for the bleak shores of Lake Erie. At Presque Isle, (Erie), where he arrived on the evening of the twenty-seventh of March. he found a few frontiersmen in the service of his countrY. and a number of carpenters and shipbuilders engaged in forming the nucleus of his fleet. Out of the primitive forest near the mouth of Cascade Creek being Erected at Put-in-Bay, Ohio. That very night he organized a guard of the villagers of Erie for the protection of the vessels, and before going to rest he wrote. the navy-agent at l’ittsburg to hurry on the company of fifty ship car- penters, which for a month had been on the way from Philadelphia. The follow— ing morning he dcspatchcd an officer to Buffalo to bring on forty seamen from the dockyard there. also some muskets and two twelve-pounders. The want of these necessaries, and the distance from which they had to be sup- plied, ConVey but a faint idea of the ar- duous nature of Perry's underlaking-the creating of a squadron of fighting ships in this remote and thinly peopled region. Never were ships of war built under such disadvantag s. The white oak, chestnut, and pine were cut on the spot, and many a piece of timber which was put into the frame of the. gun brigs late in the day, had been part of a standing tree that morning. Nothing in the way of iron. guns, sailcloth, or cordage, nec— essary to the, equipment of ships. (“Ollld be procured within a distance of five hundred miles. and had to bc transport- cd through a half-settled country desti- tute of good roads and affording but diffi- cult ater communication. The iron needed for braces, gun mounts and piv- ots, chains. and for other uses in ship construction had to be gathered in scraps from shops, warehouses and stores. was in every conceivz'iblc“shape, from the tires of an old wagon to the rusty and worn-out hinge of a barn door. A thou— sand pounds of such scraps were, finally Secured at Buffalo and welded together for heavy work. To aid to the diflicul- tics. instead of five blacksiniths. had been ordered from Philadelphia, only two came. and one was only a striker to the other. But under and HS the checring influence of Perry the work proceeded with harmon— ious diligence. From the fact that he was the well-spring of confidence. he turned everything to good account. His ability to plan. to supervise the work, to inspire his men with patriotic zeal for their just cause, and carry on his op- erations to a successful was as remarkable as it was of value to his coun- lCarly in May the work on the gun— was far advanced that they launched into the, waters of the ('l‘ccli and fully equipped for service. .\t this time the two gun brigs were. being iapidly planked up with oak, while the docks were laid with pine. ’l‘hcsc, vessels were stoutly built from the same plans, and were. one hundred and forty- feet in greatest length, thirty-two beam. and of four hundred and eighty tons register. They were dcsig 11cd to carry an armament of twenty guns each, ten arranged on. a broadside, and issuc. try. boats so \'\'t‘l'(‘ being who feet A Great Artist’s Conception of Commodore Perry's Daring Change of Flagships. Probably no historic work of art is more than “Perry’s Victory on Lake Erie,” was executed for the hung in the capitol at Columbus. fident. giving the final directions to the remnants state of Ohio in 1863. at It depicts the immortal Perry, brave and con— ‘1 ("évtl-r’u/ ’«Ma’. film. rC°/77(A£ ( familiar to the American people by William Henry Powell. This painting a cost of $10, 000 and since has of the crew of the battered Lawrence while pushing off in his hazardous passage to the uninjuled Niagara, to which he points. His to sit down and not expose himself thus emy. little brother, James Alexander Perry, The work was reproduced on alarger canvas is imploring him recklessly to the musket fire of the en— in 1873 fOr the national government and this painting now hangs in the senate wing of the capitol at \Vashington. ’ bob,r\:41” ‘1 1. n flow-u F 71.”, 1, Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. This portrait of Commodore Perry is from the engraving in the collection of the late Jay Cooke, patriotic financier of the Civil war, which has hungr for ulmoSI fifty years in the “Castle,” his summer home 011 libraltcr Rock, Put-in-BHY. Lake lu‘rie. and sailing At sunset on the twenty-third they were ready for launching, and the next morning wc1e allowed to slip into their natural clement, while the. loud shouts of the militiamen, workmen, and the assembled Villagers “made the welkin ring.” The first of these brigs was named the “Lawrence, after the lamented hero of the Chesapeake. and was designated as Perry’s flagship: the other brig was named the “Niagara,' and placed under the command of Command- er .I. I). Elliott. who had won applause the year before on the upper Niagara. Having surmounted more- difllcultics in recruiting his crews and in getting his heavier ships over the bar at the. mouth of the harbor, l’erry at length sailed from lirie. with his full squadron, con— sisting of ten sail. It was the twelfth of August, and the group of islands which Nature has so lavishly distributed near the head of the lake was his rendezvous. were identical in equipment power. of May 1 1 In the landlocked harbor of l‘ut-in-Bay he found a safe and convenient anchor- age for his fleet. where he could co-op— mate with General Harrison and the Northwestern army in the contemplated invasion of Canada. The. cncmy's squad-- ron. however, which it was believed con— sisted of five heavy and Well-armed ships, kept far from sight undc-r ihc frowning guns of the fortress of Maldcn. f‘aptain Barclay, its comma11der-in-chicf. was evidently waiting for the, completion of his new and heavier ship. the llctroit. which would give him a force of consid— erable superiority over the Americans. At sunrise on the tenth of September the six sail of the llritish squadron were descricd from the masthead of the Law- rence, bearing" down under easy sail from the northwest. "l‘hc fact was .11 once rc— portcd to Commander l'crry. to whom. though still languishing from a wasting attack of fever. the news was as wel- come as the bidding of the most iniport~ ant duty of his life. llis long-looked—for opportunity “to meet the enemies of his country" at last had enme to him, At seven o'clock all the vessels of the Brit— ish ficct could be plainly seen from the deck. and he ordered the signal made. “under way to get.” On the various Vessels of the fleet all was now hustle and activity. 011 some. anchors were being laboriously weighed: on others. sails were being bent to the, lake winds, while. on all, powder horns and balls were being laid out and decks cleared for action, the shrill piping of boatswain’s whiStleS. meanwhile, resounding through the fleet. The time had now come for decisive action—a. momentous move in the war which should decide the suprem- acy of the lake. Soon the entire fleet was under sail. _ admit ' f " ‘J QwP‘bWK—n‘rifi‘é leSBURGll , l ‘ WHAT kind of BUILDINGS? This is the important question when you take out fire insurance, ap- ply to your bank for a loan, or offer your property for sale or rent. Farm buildings covered with 1 \‘lllll/l Galvanized Roofing and Siding Sold by W eight are not only fireproof. weatherproof and dura- ble, but they add alook of substantial prosperity. APOLLO Roofing and Siding Products are in l 1' l l weight. reasonable in cost, easy to apply and are adapted to all classes of farm buildings. Look for the APOLLO trade mark—it insures high quality and full weight. You should use no other. Lead- ing ealers everywhere sell APOLLO. APOLLO Bxs'r Bwou Galvanized Sheets are squall well adapted for Culverts, Tanks, Cis- terns. lumes. and underground uses— strong rigid, lasting. 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In writing give referl ences and also state whether you have a horse and buggy of your own. ddress Box J. F, Curo' Michigan Farmer, Detroit. ito in l vl litance from the mainland. were ncwly ‘ which ' ‘guns of the enemy. THE MICH IG‘ANr FARMER beating out of the harbor against alight adverse breeze from the southwest. Much time was lost in the early maneuvres to obtain the Windward position of the enemy, or the weather-gage as it is com- monly called. This conferred the power of initiative and compelled the fleet to :rwindward, unless very skillfully handled. to await attack and accept the distance chosen by the opponent. About ten o'clock, despairing of effecting this po- sition with the failing breeze, Perry re- solved to wear ship and run to leeivard. But Nature at that moment came to his aid, in alliance with his courage and de- termination, for the wind suddenly shift- ed to the southeast. Under the fresh- ening breezes from this favorable quar- ter, the fleet quickly bore away to the windward of the islands to the Westward and, with all sails set, stood off in the direction of the enemy. Seldom, if ever, has the scene of a naval engagement been laid amid more beautiful surroundings, or to which the approach was so quiet and peaceful. Scarcely a ripple stirred the surface of the waters. The dark green and densely [wooded shores of the islands scattered so lavishly over their surface, were just slightly tinted with the hues of autumn, while their deep shadows were brilliant- ly reflected in the smooth lake. Myriads of birds sang and twittered in the tree- tops and flew in the air, squirrels chat- tered in the woods, and a great variety of water fowl filled the marshy spots along the water's edge. From the lofty masthezids the islands looked like great bouquets .of tinted green placed on an immense mirror. But the breeze which had promised so much gradually died away, or came in fitful puffs, and the vessels at the fleet, with their white sails stretched aloft, scarcely moved on the quiet surface of the lake. Meanwhile the enemy, perceiving that the weather-gage was lost to them, hove line of battle on the port tack, heading to the south and west. Their situation then was about nine miles west of l‘ut—in-Pay, and about the same dis- Their vessels painted and in perfect con— dition for the conflict; and, as they hove to in close order. gayly bcdeckcd with flags and their red ensigns gently un- folding,r to the breeze, with the noon-day sun Shining on their broadsides, they presented a, very gallant appearance. The ship Detroit was particularly noticeable for the dazzling whiteness of her can— vas, the tautness of her rigging, and the splendid style in which she was handled. As the. American fleet bore down to en- gage them, with the wind on the port quarter, Commander Perry discovered that they had formed their line with the Chippcway, bearing one long eighteen- poundcr on a pivot, in the lead. The big new ship, the Detroit, was second in line, followed in order by the Hunter, Queen Charlotte, Lady Prevost, and the Little Bell. This well ordercd line of battle necessitated a remodeling: of his own line. to conform to his plan of attack, and he signaled the Niagara. at the head of his line, to drop back and take a position between the Caledonia and the schooners, to attack the Queen Charlotte, her designated adversary. This change was required by the plan pre- viously adopted, and the movement was made promptly and without confusion. By this disposition of the Niagara, the Ariel and the Scorpion were now in the lead: and the former Perry placed on his weather bow where, having no bulwarks. she might be partially under cover. The long guns of these schooners and the Caledonia supplied, in a measure, the want of long gun power of the Lawrence was now between them. while standing down outside the carronade range, but still within range of the long The Caledonia and the schooners in the rear gave a like support to the Niagara. This was a very clever arrangement, since the Brit- ish fleet had :1 Preponderance of long guns which: gave them, in action at a distance a decided advantage, but in close action the weight of metal fired in a broadside greatly favored the Ameri- cans. At a quarter to twelve the battle be- gan. The first shot was fired from the enemy’s flagship, aimed at the Law— rence, which had approached within a mile and a half of the head of theirline. The shot fell short but it was evident that Barclay intended to conduct the fight, if possible, at a. distance. which was his WiSest plan. A second shot, five minutes later. reached its intended mark. Perry’s flagship, and passed through both bulwarks. The advantage at that mo- ment lay altOgether with the British. The Lawrence as yet reached only to the third vessel, the brig unter, in their line, and. was a mile 0 more to wind- ward. The larger vessels of his fleet fol- lowed after, but the schooners, being dull sailers. had fallen back until the stern- most was more than a mile behind the flagship and well beyond the range of effective fire with their long guns. Despite the disadvantage of his posi- tion, Perry still bore down in gallant style, receiving the fire from the long guns of the enemy. but retaining his own fire. At five minutes before twelve he opened his fire by a well—placed shot from the Scorpion, aimed and fired by her commander, Stephen Champlin, which crashed through the rigging of the De- troit. Soon after he opened with his carronades, but found that they did lit- tle damage to the thick sides of his 0p— ponent. From the beginning the fire of the British ships seemed concentrated on the Lawrence, and their heaviest shots blazed incessantly upon her. The De- troit, with her long guns, hulled the flagship through and through, planted shot after shot in her masts and frame, and riddled her sails. It was clearly Bar- clay's plan to destroy the flagship and lay low her commander early in the en- gagement, and thus throw the fleet into confusion. For here he believed was the bone and muScle, and here he knew was the soul and spirit of the battle. Perry at length reached a position where every carronade and every musket shot reached its mark. There he luffed up parallel to the Detroit, and poured upon her a swift. continuous, and effec- tive fire. Though he had suffered from loss of men and injury to his rigging. the good effect Of his discipline was ap- parent, as the guns were rapidly and skillfully served. The flagships, mean- while, drifted closer together until they wore Fearcely three hundred feet apart. and musket fire from both became very destructive of life. At half-past twelve, Captain Finnis, who commanded the Queen Charlotte, perceiving that the Niagara kept so far to Windward that he could neither reach her with his earronades nor run up against the wind and lay her alongSide. packed on all sail and ran down to the aid of the Detroit. He soon bore up with the Lawrence and the Caledonia, by which maeoeuver Commander Perry, in the Lawrence, aided only by the gun- boats on his weather bow and the Cale- donia, had to contend in close action with more than twice his force. For more than tWo hours he bore the brunt of the battle, with the batteries of the De- troit, the Queen Charlotte and the Hunt- cr, discharging their broadsides upon him. It was the constant hail of iron and lead from the muzzles of forty-four guns, with all the marines at half-mus— ket shot, while his total armament bear- ing on the enemy was only nineteen guns. Yet throughout the unequal con- flict, the heroic Perry r'cmained imagi— fated, unshaken, and invincible. He had no fear but for the Safety and honor of his country; no ambition but to conquer, or die in her defense. Vi’rought up to the highest state of mental activity he wassuperior to every infirmity of mind or body, of passion or will. He was un- moved in the preFence of danger and, midst the scenes of agony and death, he maintained a perfect cheerfulness of manner and serenity of judgment. Under the. heavy and destructive fire at close range the men on deck became fewer, while nearly all ‘the guns of the starboard battery, next the enemy, were either dismounted or disabled. Yet, the undzumted Perry continued the fight with unabated serenity, making the best use of his small force and the means at hand. Never was the advantage of dis- cipline and thorough training at the guns better exemplified than in the desperate and effective fire of his flagship. So long as her guns remained mounted and in working order, her fire was kept up with uninterrupted spirit and vigor. Toward the end. however, her rigging was much shot away, and was hanging down on the deck or dragging behind, her spars were badly damaged and falling overboard; her braces and bowlines were cut so that it was impOSSible to trim the yards and keep the vessel under control: and her sails were torn to pieces-and hanging in ribbons. With this condition aloft, on deck the destruction was even more ter— rible. The bulwarks Were beaten in So that the enemy’s round shot passed com- pletely through. The shrieks of the wounded and dying, and the crash of timbers shattered by cannon balls and splintered by grape and canister were still heard, but her fire grew fainter and fainter as gun after gun became dis- snPrr. 6, 1913. GRANDMOTHER FIFTY_ YEARS ,Aeo. BY LALIA MITCHELL. Grandmother sat in the chimney corner,' Fifty years ago, Steel bowed glasses to help her vision, Knitting row on row. , Cap of linen and kerehief white, Sweet old face with its inner light That always counciled for God and right, Fifty years ago. Grandmother listened to childish stories, Fifty years ago. Shared our woes, and our dear-won glories, Always seemed to know Just the word she ought to say As we gathered round her at close of day. Patting her cheek and her locks of gray Fifty years ago. Grandmother read in the big old Bible. Fifty years ago, One plain ring on her wrinkled finger “'edded bans to show. And oh, I wish that my sons might see Her just as she was in my youth to me, A power for God and Eternity Fifty years ago. mounted and the men dropped to the deck around them. Death finally had the mastery; the carnage was unparalleled in naval warfare. ' Of the one hundred and one well and able—bodied men who had gone into the action, more than four—fifths were killed or severely wounded. Twenty-two of the gallant seamen and marines lay dead on the deck. while sixty-one suffered from gun and musket shot wounds. Only Perry himself, his little brother, and six- teen of his brave crew remain-ed un- harmed. The deck, in spite of the layer or sand, was slippery with blood, which ran down the sides of the ship. Only one gun was left mounted, to fire which Perry himself assisted. At last even this was bowled over and disabled. every brace and bowline was shot away, and the vessel became unmanageable. Yet, through it all, Perry did not despair. for he could see that the Detroit, upon which he had directed his fiercest fire, was al- most disabled. But he did not know that on board the Queen Charlotte the loss was most severe, for Captain Fin- nis, her commander, had fallen at his post, and the next officer in rank had been struck senseless by a splinter. From the scene of wreck and ruin. Perry now saw with the swiftness of in- tuition the new plan which promised to bring victOry out of defeat. In the crip- pled condition of the enemy, if he could get the Niagara into close action, “vic- tory must perch on his‘banner." So he resolved on the moment to transfer his flag from the tattered Lawrence to her uninjured consort, and directed that his boat, Which hung at the stern and, like himself, had escaped the storm of iron hail, should be lowered and manned for this purpose. As Perry went over the port gangway into his boat, with his lit- tle brother and seven oarsmen, he point— ed to the battle flag still flying at the masthead, as if seconding the admonition of its trumpet words, “Don’t give up the ship." But to Yarnall, his next in com- mand, he said, "I leave it to your dis- cretion to strike or not as seems best: but the American flag muFt not be pull- ed down over my head today.” Uncon- scious of danger he c0ntinued to stand erect in the boat, with his brave oars- mcn imploring him not to expose himself thus recklessly. For, as the smoke of battle had rolled away, the enemy ob— Served the small boat leaving the Law- rence, and, quickly penetrating the de— sign, had at once directed a heavy fire of great guns and musketry at it. Yet the unconquercd Perry stood unmoved and defiant. Losing for a moment their sense of subordination in realization of his danger, the men threatened to lay on their ears unless he sat down. Thus ear— nestly cntrcatcd. and with his young brother clinging to him, he finally yield- ed to their wishes, whereupon they at once gave way with a hearty good-will. \Vith all their exertiéns, however, more than ten minutes passed in that storm of shot and lead before they reached the Niagara, which was then passing the weather or port beam of the Lawrence at a distance of more than half a mile. Upon the quarter deck of the Niagara, facing her commander, stood the uncon- quered Perry, black with the smoke and grime of battle, but unSCathed, withvnot so much as a Scratch on his skin, or a hair of his head harmed. The same merciful providence that had watched over him during the desperate battle, had afterward conducted him safely through the storm of leaden hail. With his for— titude unimpaired by the horrors of the last hour, he was radiant with the ins domitable purpose of winning the day. As he glanced quickly at the ship's rig- -. dawns..-“ . . I i SEPT. 6, 1913. ging and sails, and at her hale crew that thronged the deck, ready and eager for the conflict, his buoyant nature assured him of a harvest of EIOI‘Y- FOI‘ he be- held the Niagara very little injured, even “perfectly fresh,” with her crew in the best of spirits, and only three men'hurt. He quickly rove his pennant to the masthead of the Niagara and hoisted the signal for close action. This order was seen by the whole fleet and was instantly answered by loud and prolonged cheers. condemning the course upon which El- liott was steering, he gave the order to back the main topsail, brail up the main trysail, and put up the helm to run down before the Wind. Altering her course eight points, or a whole right an- gle, with squared yards, set foresail, top- sail and topgallants, she bore down to cut the British line, which lay at a diS- tance of half a mile. Captain Barclay, in the battered De- troit, seeing the prospect of another en- counter with a brig which appeared un- injured and under the command of one who had fought the Lawrence with such skill and obstinacy, was filled with de- spair. He had other work to do than fight another battle, and in his crippled condition the outlook was anything but promising. Off his port quarter lay the helpless Lawrence, with her flag down, but as yet, in the stress of other duties, not taken possession of. Was he to be deprived of the reward of three hours’ hard fighting, after suffering such loss? Was the tide of battle at last to go against him? And to make matters worse, in attempting to veer around, or wear ship, in order that he might bring his starboard battery to bear, he ran the bowsprit and head booms into the mizzcn rigging of the Queen Charlotte, and, becoming foul of one another, re- mained fixed in this precarious position. At this moment the Niagara, which seven or eight minutes in the freshening breeze had brought within canister-shot distance of the enemy, became for the first time a deadly combatant. With guns double—shotted and crew impatient to do their share of the day’s fighting, Perry still bore down utterly regardless of the raking fire to which he was fully exposed. Cutting into the enemy’s line so as to place the Chippeway and the Lady Prevost on his left and the Detroit and Queen Charlotte on his right, he shortened sail to check the Velocity so as to make sure of his aim. Passing slowly under the bows of the Detroit and across the stern of the Lady Prevost, within half-pistol shot, with cool and fatal accuracy, to the right and t0 the left, he poured into both vessels, as they lay helplessly exposed, his deadly and destructive broadsides. The loud many- voiccd shriek of agony that rose from the Detroit told of the terrible slaughter on THE MICHIGAN FARMERo boats from the rear, added their fire with deadly results. At a few minutes after _three, or in eight minutes after Perry cut through their line, the British fleet was completely at his mercy, in a state of utter ruin. The Queen Charlotte was the first to give up the con.. one of her officers appearing on the taffrail and waving a white handkerchief bent on a boarding pike. On the Detroit the wreck and carnage was scarcely less complete and pitiable than on the Lawrence. Every brace had been shot away, the mizzen tOpmast and gaff were down, and the other masts were badly splintered; the hull was shattered and many guns were dismounted. The ship was completely unmanageable, and Lieutenant Inglis, her second in command, hailed the vic- Anglican Church had been read, were dropped one by one into the lake. At length, when the day’s done, exhausted nature claimed reSt, and the victorious Perry turned into his cot and slept as do the brave, the just, and the pure in heart, as soundly and rest— fully as a child. “The mastery of the lakes, the recov- ery of Detroit and the Far West, the capture of the British army in the penin- sula of Upper Canada, were the immedi- ate fruits of his success. The imagina- tion of the American people was taken rines who had fallen in their gallant and desperate defense of the Lawrence, and those of the other vessels, were sewed up in their hammocks with a cannon ball at their feet; and, when the ritual of the The Birthplace of Commodore Perry at SOuth Kingston, R. l. tors to say he surrendered. The brig Hunter, and the schooner Lady Prevost, yielded at the same'time. The Chippe- way, on the right, and Little Belt on the left, attempted to escape, but were pur- Sued by the Scorpion and Trippe. which soon overhauled them and brought them back. Now that the flags of the enemy were down, in evidence of submission, there began the proud though painful duty of taking possession of their vessels. The officer sent on board the Detroit found Captain Barclay prostrated in his berth. Early in the action he had been struck by a grape shot in the thigh. and during the terrible broadsides of the Niagara he was again struck in the shoulder. The shot entered below the joint, breaking the blade in pieces and leaving a most painful wound. But before surrendering, the heroic Barclay was again carried on deck to convince himself that further re- sistance would be unavailing. About four o’clock, when the most pressmg needs of the moment had been supplied, and the wounded and sick giv— en every attention possible, Perry turned “Perry’s Lookout,” on Gibralter Rock, Put-in-Bay, overlooking Lake Erie. her decks, while on the Lady Prevost the survivors, terrified by the raking fire Which they had suffered, fled below the deck. Having cut through their line with such terrible havoc, the tide of battle was now turned. In a moment the in- vincible Perry, with victory almost with- in his grasp, luffed up to take a position athwart the two ships which had now got clear of one another, and continued to pour into them a close and destruc- tive fire. In this close action the gun- .to announce his victory to his country. Searching in his pockets for paper upon which to write, he found only a letter, on the back of which he wrote the la- conic message Which has immortalized his name. It was addressed to General Harris0n in these ringing words: “Dear General: We haVe met the enemy and they are ours. Two ships, two brigs, one schooner and one sloop. Yours with great respect and esteem. H. PERRY.” When twilight fell, the sailors and ma- captive by the singular battle in which everything flow from the personal prowess of one man; and everywhere he came the mul- titude went out to bid him welcome. \Vashington Irving predicted his ever- increasing fame. Rhode Island cherishes his glory as her own: Erie keeps the tra— dition that its harbor was his shipyard, its forests the warehouses for the frames of his chief vessels, its houses the hos- pitable shelter of the woundcd among the crews; Cleveland graces her public square with a statue 0f the hero, wrought of the purest marble, and looking out upon the scene of his glory. Pcrry’s career was short and troubled; he lives in the mem- ory of his countrymen, clothed in per- petual yOuth, just as he stood when he saw that his efforts were crowned with success, and he could say in his heart, “\\'e have met the enemy and they are ours!” HILLORY HAWKINS’ CRACKLING LOGS. BY F. LEE ALLEN. Thump! Bang! Bang-thump! Bang! Thc noise awoke Mrs. Ilillory Hawkins with a start. “Did you hear that?" she demanded of her husband. Mr. Ilillory Hawkins evidently had not, for he still continued the whistling intake of breath which did service as a Sllnl'f‘. Bang! Thump! Thump! Rang-dc— Bang—llang! Again the noise came, from thc floor above, him “llillory! Hillory? TVakc up! Sonic- thing dreadful is happening. \Vakc up!” “'ith ihc sureness of long practice Mrs. llawkins thruSt a thumb in the vul- ncruhle spot of liillory’s armour of sloop. his fifth rib, and the whistle-puff snore ceased. “\\'h:1t's mattcr'?” he demanded as he propped his body to a sitting position. it was unnecessary for Mrs. ll'nwkins to explain, for again came the thumpiiy- thump, hang. thump. “Hey you!" roared TTillory Tankins as he fiourishcd his clinched fist in rection from which the “if you don’t stop that everlasting ruckcl 1’“ .2“) “ll there and break every singlc.‘ individual. solitary hone in your separate bodies." There \Vcrc several other warm expressions of disapproval addcd, which caused Mrs. Hawkins to chclaim: “I—Iil— lory! Don’t swear Hillory. Suppose someonc should hear you?” “Hear me! Hear me!” exclaimed the angry Hillory. “T hope they hear me. Do you vocal cords? Do you hear this. you blith- ering, scorching lunatics?” ‘ ed his voice to a shout, “Shut up! up!” _ And the noise stopped—So quickly that Hillory was startled at his success. Then for several minutes he waited, anticipat- ing another outbreak, but as none came they work was incidents of It seemed to the di— l noisc had comc.‘ suppose I’m talking at twelve o’clock at night simply to exercise my Hillory rais- Shut N0. 35 Brooch. 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GHRLMERS a 00-.538 Someone"- anemone. no vnn ' overturn! lease state that ichigan Farmer. When Writing to advertisers you saw their ad. in The T’HF‘. MICHIGAN FARM'E,R~ ' he- at length resumed the Whistle-puff snore. Hawkins awoke with a grouch. Break- fast was ten minutes late and, as Hillory aeroplaned for a street car, the grouch went with him. None the worse for the wear and tear of a busy day it came home with Hillory that night. Hillory Hawkins lived in an old-faSh- ioned house that had been remodeled for two tenants. The open fireplaces had been the closing argument in Hillory’s signing of the lease for the lower apart- ment, and it was with thoughts of the cheery blaze and the crackling log and all the rest of the hunk of the open fire- place, that he had scrawled his name. His enthusiasm had been somewhat dampened that first winter, for the crack— ling logs had refused to crackle, or to do anything else but smoke, and the chim- ney had refused to draw. and the cheery blaze had resolved itFelf into an eye- smarting, smoke producing nuisance. But the coming winter the logs would crackle. of this he had been assured by the farmer from whom he had bought a supply. Two days ago Hillory had come home to find the logs piled methodically in Mrs. Hawkins' flower bed. which fact Mrs. Hawkins bemouned, it having been her misfortune to be away from home when the legs arrived—but that was a small matter. There were the crackling logs. Hillory Hawkins knew the exact meas— ure of a cord of wood, both by eye and rule; He had satisfied himSelf that the farmer had not cheated him, so it was with a somewhat surprised start that he saw, this particular night, that the pile of logs had dwindled by one-half at least. AFcending the buck stairs there was a man. and in the man’s arms was a stick of wood. Ills wood. Well! ”Hey! What you doing with that wood?” llillory demanded. Silence. The man still continued to ascend. “Soy. Don’t you hear me?” Hillory re— peated with stronger emphasis. Silence continued with no recognition by the man who toiled upward. 'l‘hon liillory, with icmpcl' at boiling 7point, bounded up the. stairs and grasped the man by the, only available protrusion —his coat-tails. Feeling the tug at his coat, the mun turned slowly and regarded Hillory with calm surprise. Sui-tr. 6,191: “That wood? What you do-do-dolng with it?" stuttered Hillory. '. Then ,with an‘ unexpected movement the man tossed the wood from 'him to the . upper floor of the landing and turned swiftly on Hillory, who loosed his grasp on the coat-tails 'and retreated several steps downward, while before his aston~ ished eyes the man’s fingers moved rap- idly, and it was borne slowly upon his comprehension that the man was deaf and dumb. So. Deaf and dumb. Noise wouldn’t bother this new neighbor of his. But the wood? “You old wood stealer you,” Hillory exclaimed, made hold by the man’s af— fliction. “You old robber you—" The man at this juncture thrust a pad and pencil toward Hillory, as much an to say, "Aw, write it old man and save your voice.” Hillory wrote savagely, “What you tak- ing my wood for?" “It's not yOur wood, it’s mine,” the man said via pencil and pad. “You‘re a liar,” wrote Hillory. “You're another,” courteously replied the m'ln. That these little pleasantries would have led to a personal encounter, but for the arrival of the two wives, there is no doubt. There was an interchange of questions and the new tenant’s wife took the pad and wrote: “There is Some mistake; the wood is ours.” “LOok at that." Hiilory snorted to llifi‘ spouSe. “They've got the brazen crust to say that wood’s theirs. Now what—" “It is theirs." interrupted Mrs. Hawk- ins, calmly. “I found out today. The lady was so sorry for having disturbel us. They were into in moving in, and Of course, they didn’t know. The night was cold and they were cutting :1 little woml for fuel.” “But." began Irlillory. “It’s our wood. W'hat'd thcy want to steal our wood for?" “It is their wood, Hillory. Our farmer was hcrc today; he was so sorry, but he could not deliver our wood until next week. You know I was not at home when thc other wood was delivered and We just took it for granted—” Since no one but Mrs. Hawkins could hear him, Iiillory swore, then took the pad and wrote an apology. llilllliiiiliiliiilillililiiiliilllllillililiillliiiiiilllii|HIiHlHHliliillllillliiilllillliillilillllllililliiiiiilllillHHHlil|IHHHIllIIHHIHHHHHHilllliHHHiiiiIiiliiiilliiifiliilliilliiiilliiiliiiilliiiiiiliiluHiHillililiiliiliilliliiliiiiii White Raimcnt. . By JANET T. A Tale of the Smiling Waters. It was as we sat on the grassy shores of the Lake of Smiling “'atch, watching it in its happy, shining beauty. that rem— iniscc-nt Aunt Unity pattercd up and seated herself beside us. She began as usual: “My! my! the tales those Smiling \Vuters could tell! I’ve watched them for sixty years and I know a few of them. liut 1 think Sally McNurty’s got the- big- gest hold on me. You’ve heard about Sally? No? “Sully Tatters the youngsters about took [1) calling her became she was al- ways so rugged. All Sally had was a hopeless, hard—working father, a no—ac- count mother, and seven brothers and sistcrs who looked to Sally for whatever mother care they got. It was the seven that loomed large in Sally’s life, for the f.ithcr was away from the hovel the Mc- Niii‘tys called home. from six in the morning until seven at night, seven days in the week. And when he was there he either sot silent in the corner drawing on n blackened clay pipe, or he lay on a dirty pallet in the bedroom. He never had anything to say except on the fcw occasions when he got drunk; then he was a terror. Of the no-account mother Sully saw even less, for she was all over the country, Sometimes away for a couple of nights tOgether. and the less said of her the better. But the poor little seven Sully had always with her. They looked to her for their daily meals, for such cleanings—up as they got and for what- ever of joy came into their starved lives. V“If Sally had had the handling of the money that Jim McNurty toiled so faith- fully to earn, very likely there wouldn’t be this tale to tell, for Sally had on her twelve—year—old body the head of a little woman and she doubtless would have used the mean little fund so that it would have brought some comfort to the hovel and its inmates. But Jim turned over his money regularly to his woman and it was scattered to the winds. Now I know us 'folks should have taken more interest, VAN OSDEL. but we were so used to them that we just accepted them as a shiftless family and never dreamed of the longings that might be 10cked up in those little breasts. “Sally’s little heart did not keep pace with her Old head nor her.hard-worked body. It was just a little girl’s heart. and it longed so for dear, delightful, lit- tle—girl thingS. More than anything else Sally wanted a pair of white slippers and white stockings like those that Ellen De- Vore over at the big hotel on the lake wore, and she wanted them in time for the big town picnic. The town picnic wasthc one social event in the lives of Sally and her brood, for it was a free- for-all. Sally never had a chance to go to invitation affairs. Barefooted and rag- ged, uSunlly with a baby in her arms and the rcst clinging to her wherever they could get hold, Sally came every year to the town' picnic and looked on. But this year she had an ambition to go clothed as were other little girls. and especially Ellen DeVore. She begged her mother to buy her white shoes and stockings, but her mother had scoffed at her and gone off to the next town to spend the earn- ings that the father had just passed over 10 her. ' “Sally’s last hope was the clover tops. Two cents a pound is paid for them at the drying factory, and the heads were big that year. So she mustered her brood about her and told them of her need and hoywthcy could all help out. Tommy, the baby, was only six months old. He couldn‘t pull clover heads. But he goo- gooed at Sally and nodded his approval. Two and a quarter was the least she could buy her shoes and stockings for. She had asked the price so many times that every salesbody in the town knew what Sally‘s question would be as soon as her peaked little face showed in front of the glass door. Two dollars and twen- ty—five cents meant one hundred and twelve and one-half pounds of clover heads, and it takes some heads to make one pound. Ever pick any? Then you i ) s l i SEPT. 2...... ing work it is. But. with Sally as their general, thechfldreu Went to the job with a good will. and every day for 'can't know what scorching. back-break- l:ours the six toiled in the sun, plucking clover heads all about these shores. They did it with good measure, too, for they picked one hundred and fifteen pounds, which meant two dollars and thirty cents. The extra five cents was to provide the big treat of the day when they went to the town picnic--—a glass of red lemonade to be divided among them. And little Katie told me afterward that they had hoped maybe they could coax the man to give them extra straws so each could have one to suck through. They begged to have the money in small change so as to make it seem more, and Sally put it in an empty tobacco bag of her father’s and drew the string up tight. The next day she was to go to the clerk with the kind eyes, who had never scorned her when she had inquired the price, and buy the shoes and stockings. “But the plans of little girls as Well as of mice and men. semetimes carry wrong. it was when Tommy bumped his head against the stove leg as he was creep- ing about the floor that little Katie beg- ged Sally to let him hold the money bag to make him feel better. .-\r.d he was so happy with its jolly jingle that he laugh- ed and crowed in glee and they let him hold it while they trooped out to watch a picnic wagon pass by. And when they came back the money was gone! Tommy sat there howling; for his plaything. How could he tell them that in iii-z fun ho had hurled it into the air and it ltad fallen through a hole in the floor at the other end of the room? All of their searching: was in Vain. The bag was only found last spring when the hovel was torn down. “Sally was heart brokcn. “ ‘You‘d ought to be an angel and then you cmild have white shocs and stockings without buying,’ said Katic. “ ‘How do you know?‘ asked Sally. tak- ing her hands out of the greasy dishwat- or and storing at Katie with red eyes. “ ‘I heard a lady over at the hotel say 50 one time. They have all white rai— ment she said, shining white. their clothes and their wings and everything.’ “Perhaps that put the idea into Sally’s head, or maybe it was an accident. At any rate, the next day Sally took the lot down to the shores of Smiling Waters. She set the baby carefully in an unused boat, took off her own tattered little gar— ments. even to the soiled strings of rib- bons that tied her braids, and put on a faded, little, blue—checked gingham ap— ron. And then she went in bathing. But it; was such a distance for a little girl to go! So far out, out, into the Smiling \Vaters, until they caressed her waist. then her shoulders, then her neck and at last they covered her and took her under with a gurgle of glee. “The hours went by and the McNurty children still played on the bank. Tlom— my COOed in the boat when Mrs. Mc- Nurty came walking down to the bank. it was the first time she had ever looked up the children of her own accord. The first thing she spied was Sally's pathetic little heap of clothing. ”\Vhere’s Sally?’ she dcmanded. “ ‘Out in the lake!’ answered the chil- dren. "And some hours later in the lake they found the little body in its tiny, faded gingham apron. “ ‘Anyhow she's in white raiment now,’ Said Katie. ‘White shoes and stockings and everything else white. and nothing torn or dirty, and she'll have ’cm for- ever 'n’ ever!’ “Sally’s pale little face wore a happy smile. It was as though she knew she was clad in the beautiful embroidered dress and undergarments and \‘VllllL‘ silk stockings and white slippers of Ellen De— Vore. Mrs. DeVore wanted it that way when she heard. ‘If we'd ('nly known sooner!‘ she kept saying. That's what we're always sayim,r when it's too late, when we could know if we'd just take the trouble to instead of being all bound upin ourselves. And then again. maybe Sally’s smile was because of the beautiful shin- ing robes that the angels had given her. “Things have been different with the McNurtys ever since. Sally didn‘t go after her white raiment in vain. Mrs. McNurty's been more of a mother than I'd ever have believed was in her, and the people here have helped along the chil- dren some. That all happened two years ago; the whole family was at the town picnic this year, and when I saw those little ‘tikes’ all in white shoes and stock- lugs I just burst out crying. but then I got to thinking how happy Sally in her white garments must be to see the little THE MICHIGAN FARMER brood she loved all dreSSed up as she wanted to he." BE PREPARE D. BY EARLE W. GAGE. A great majority of the people make the great mistake of deferring prepara- tion along a certain line, until in the reg- ular course of events, they find them- selves face to face with the absolute necessity of possessing certain education or ability. They are then compelled to admit their incompetency to fill the po- sition offered and are obliged to secure the necessary training in n hurried and very unsatisfactory manner. if, indeed, they are granted t'uf’ficient time to do this. More frequently, they miss the op— portunity which' would otherwise be theirs, and the position or promotion goes to someone else who has already prepared and is ready to acccpt the rc- sponsibility. If you think that the time will ever come. when a knowledge of any particu- lar subject or business will be of value to you. now is the proper time to ac- quirc it. You will not be able to take advantage of opportunities that may pre- sent themselves in after years unless you are prcparcd to grapple with them the moment they confront you. “Then an opportunity arises, it is too late to get ready for it. One hour per day withdrawn from frivolous pu“suits and devoted to study would cnable any man of ordinary ca- pacity to mastcr a 'completc. science. One hour per day would make an ignorant man a well informed man in a few years. An hour a day might make all the dif- ference between hire existence and use- ful happy living. in a few years to come. An hour per day. nay, has made, an un- known man a famous man; a useless man u bcnefrmtor to his rue. (‘onsider then, the mighty responsibilities of two, four, yes. six hours a day, that are on the average thrown away by young men and wcmcn in the. restlc‘s desire for en- tertainment and diversion. Someone has said that Fortune knocks once at every man's door; but Fortune does not go around armed with an axe, breaking down doors in order to reach the objects of her interest. He who has not S‘ufi‘lt‘lé‘nt interest and enterprise and foresight to open the door must not «cmplain if the tickle goddess passes on and bestows her favors upon more en— terprising and deserving applicants. \Then acquaintances. who thought he would never be anything but a rail split- ter. tried to discourage Abraham Lincoln from getting an education by telling him that he was wasting his time reading book-S. his reply was, “Perhaps the chance will come; I shall study and be ready for it." HIS WORTH. BY H. C. KEnLEY. His father died and loft in him a large and fertile tract of land. He never learned to work. because he didn’t have to lift a hand To earn a cent. Oh, he was rich! All of the people envied Jim. They thought he was made of gold. No girl seemed good enough for him. He took a fancy to a girl whose family always chOse her friends. She (lltlll'i care 21 :nop for him, but—- this is whec the story endsAg llcr folks said: “You must stick to Jim; you simply shnn't do othcrwiso, For he is young. and he is rich. \\'hen you land him you land a prize. She llFtcnOd to their words. and she's a most unhappy girl today. Jim traded ’round and lost his farm. \tht gold he had he threw away. They’re living with her parents now, ‘cause he had never earned enough To know the value of his gold, and therefore couldn't keep the stuff. YOU HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY of getting one of the beautiful six-page Michigan Farmer \V‘ull Charts for only 300. postpaid, if you send your order at (ll’K‘G. It is the finest collection of charts ever put together. Contains a map of Michi- gan. showing congressional districts, coun~ ties. railways, etc. the latest 1910 census of all Michigan towns. 25 colored plltcs, showing the anatomy of the horse, cow, sheep, hog and fowls, and givingr the name and location of each organ. muscle and bone. A treatise on each animal by the best authorities. treatment of com— mon diseases of farm animals. map of the world. showingr steamship lines. map of the United States, flags of all nations. rulers of the world. Panama canal. all our presidents, and several other features too numerous to mention. These charts have been sold mostly for $1.00 or $1.50. They will decorate and instruct in any home or office. We offer them at this price to quickly get rid of them and after our present stock is ex- hausted no more can be had. Remember the price is only 30c, while they last Send your order to the Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich—Adv. 13—2ol The Inside of ' ' 9. Shoe TheSmronthe heel meansI-Ionest Show Go to the “Star Brand” dealer and see this Cut Shoe The Inside of a Shoe It is a lamentable fact: that 90% of all shoes sold for less than $4.00 contain substitutes for leather in the heels,’ counters and soles. You pay pure leather prices for this shoddy. Pure shoe Legislation is pending in cut up an old shoe that has failed to ngress and many different States. give satisfactory service and note the We heartily endorse it, because the vast diflerence in construction and rights of 100 million people are greater material used. You will then know than those of a few hundred manu- why “ Star Brand Shoes Are Better.” facturers. u - n The “ Star Brand” dealer has one f 1122“ cafi get 3%; Elm!” shoes of the “Our Family ” shoes cut up 5C;solitnzllsomlgranWoggfinsltjllsfgs'ogrfg 3° Y“ can 5661““ how u ‘3 made- Child}... at $1.50 to$2.7’5. You will The uppers are made 0ftl1c finest fi d -t - h best (1 1 Box Calf or Velour Leather. The hn ,‘ 13 t e every- ayatoe you heels, counters and soles are of genu- 3“ e ever worn. , ine sole leather. No substitutes for The “Our Family” and other f leather are ever used. “Star Brand” shoes are sold by ' Go and see the “Our Family” and 20,000 good merchants. Look up the other “Star Brand” shoes. Then “Star Brand”dealer in your section. “Star Brand Shoes Are Better ” \ RooEaTs,J0HN30N o RAND /, .J‘IANUFACTURCRS Branch 0‘ International Shoe C0. STA-001$ $25 to $75 On Your Furnace and thou szxyo moucy in fuel year after year. That‘s thc Kalamazoo ol'r'cr. Factory price—on finest quality: then Furnace. Expcrts to guido you—incn who have studied thousands of llcating problems. We'll send you blue-print plans showing the most; ('conomical Way to put; in your heating plant. Kalamazoo Furnaces are .. 31' "2 » ' ' vvvvv ' Easy to Install Easy to Pay fur br " “ y - 9 ' 30 Days Free Trial and a Year 3 Test ~- '3 Jtust think of What. this mcnns for you—tho bestfumacc—x ‘ ‘ be best dcsiuned hearing system—with a Ioanroc trial ' . . ' "‘ ‘. and approval test; and a $100,000 Bunk Bond (luar- 'lK—mfizl"“$" W .. . .,_,__,‘ .—. . ‘T‘V‘W- anttt. that inn ks all tacn you can take from three PMWIYEZ .21» to eight months to pay if you want. to. “Wife nowfor furnace catalog No. 909 and get. blue-print plans free. Mail postal card today. Kalamazoo Stove Co., Manufacturers ' KALAMAZOO. MICHIGAN l We make afull line ofStoves, Ranges. Gas I- ll. . r 1 H ; Stoves uni Furnaces. We have three 7 ,4 " I ‘ ‘ ; l i catalogs—askfo'r the one you. want. / . lrm-u-nllllitno.2 .ull l - . , l A Kalamam 82‘: 1's it”: gain/lg” Tic: -' " .. 2:'.2:2::. Direct to You 5.3:!“ winging; . , . '.:§..lil‘«illii.‘ 3i;llll"lllHH;ii]ll?lulliilll’llllnlllllll‘Illi‘ Ii '3': ilfll .ol 7‘ 1: firm" 9 A 2,. g sfln E‘s ?' . l' @572 V s.“ - "will mg". ‘ . 'l . ..{{l 3 lljlll‘ll‘lgi lilo ~"u :IltTllllilll“ ‘.:1 v'7 ”00/ Protect Their Eyes ', With Good Light A poor light strains their eyes, and the injurious effects may last for life. A good oil lamp gives an ideal light—brilliant, yet soft and restful. The Rayo IS the best of 011 Lamps—afact proven byits long life of usefulness and its adoption in over 3,000,000 homes. Scientifically constructed, it sheds a clear, mellow light, without ‘glare or flicker. No smoke or odor. & Made of solid brass, nickel-plated. Dealers everywhere. Send for booklet. For but results use Perfection Oil. Lamps Standard Oil Company, Chicago (AN INDIANA CORPORATION) Good pickles rally ’round the right salt. Don’t forget that the ap- petizing flavor of pickles depends on the use of a pure salt that is free from bitterness. Always use Worcester Salt for pickles. Its pure, even crystals dissolve quickly—your Worcester Salt brine is clear, sparkling and genuinely salty. WORCESTER “SALT Tfie Salt wit/z t/u' Savor Speaking of pickles, have you seen the Worcester Cook Book? It’s full of recipes for tasty pickles of all kinds. It is free. Send for it. For farm and dairy use, Worcester Salt is put up in 14—pound muslin bags, and in 28- and 56—pound Irish linen bags. Good grocers every- where sell Worcester Salt. Get a bag. Write for booklet, "Curing Meats on the Farm." Sent free on request. WORCESTER SALT COMPANY Largest Producers of H ills-Grad: Salt in the W orld NEW YORK LARGESMAKERS HEA ”Neat: COOKING flPPLIAch‘S IN THE %@D Sold by first-class Dealer: Every wh ere THE/VIcH/GA/virows COMPANY DETROIT —— CHICAGO TH-E MICHIGAN FARMER' Vania] anther Needy ,At; Heine , and Elsewhere SEPT. 6, 1913. A Sign Of The AS it become the smart thing to H be godleSS? Statisticians tell us that never has there been so great an interest in things religious as at present. Men and women everywhere are seeking the truth in greater numbers than ever in the his- tory of the world, so some authorities tell us. But on the other hand, are there great- er numbers casting off all religious beliefs than ever before? Are our writers and thinkers and the so-called leaders of thought casting off all belief in God and in a future existence? Are the young women in our “first families,” the girls who are to be the mothers of tomorrow, coming into the estate of motherhood without belief in God Or expectation of immorality? If we are to judge by the fiction the modern magazines give us, this is so. And the stories our editors set out for us we are solemnly assured are veritable pictures of life. For several years back there has been a marked departure from the old sort of story which seldom failed to acknowledge a lively belief in an over- ruling Providence which rewarded the Flood and punished the wicked. Our mod- ern writers have literally made man all and God nothing. Man, in the popular American tale for some time past, has been his own destiny and was all—sum- cient for himself. But unbelief in God or a hereafter has not been expressed open— ly. The whole relgious thought has sim- ply been disregarded. Now, however, writers are becoming bolder. They are putting into the mouths Of their characterh‘, their own disbelief in the things that many of us hold most sacred. And curiously enough, it is from the lips of young girls that the words of utter, black disbelief fall. A woman writer, who was popular a decade, ago for her sweet, wholesome child stories, is an example of this sort of writing. She has for a heroine a girl whom we are to suppose is a type of the “smart.” educated, wealthy New Yorker, the girl Whom the rest of the country is to take as a model of the typical, Ameri- can twentieth century young woman. She. has the girl say to the man to whom she aftrewards becomes engaged, “You be- lieve this cnds everything?" in the most matter-of-fact-of—course-everyone - with- intelligence-does, manner imaginable. This girl is given us as the best our pres- ent system of education has to offer. If the type were confined to fiction it might not. be so bad. Though even there great harm would come because of the silent influence such reading has on forming character. But scattered every— where we run across young women and young men who profess to regard you as almost imbecile if you express a belief in God Of‘ immortality. “Still in the woods,” is the way one girl of 19 ex- pressed it, when she discovered that a woman writer actually went to church and prayed. Irreligion in the young is one of the most lamentable. signs of the times. For say what you will about doing right for right’s sake and because of one's own self-respect, there are few who consider RunningWater in House and Barn at even temperature Winter or Sum- mer at Small Cost. Send Postal for New Water Supply Plan It Will bring you 100 pictures of it In actual use. Do it Now Aermotor Co., 1144 S. Campbell Av., Chicngo Acrmotor Co., 2.: and Madison Streets. Oakland, HARTSHORN SHADE ROLLERS Bear the script name of Stewart Hartshorn on label. Get " Improved," no tacks required. Wood Rollers Tin Rollers anything save self, once they get rid of a belief in anything beyond this world. If this is the end of it, make the most of today, becomes the motto. Never mind the other fellow. I muSt get the most out of this present, for it is all I have. I would be the last one to defend any creed or dogma. Each man’s religion is his own private business, and he should be free to worship as he pleases. But I do claim that we all need a belief in . something in order to get the most out of this life and to be the best sort of citizen. To my notion the heathen bow- ing down to his idols of wood and stone is a more desirable citizen than the uni- versity man or woman who rejects all belief in things spiritual. It may be nothing more than a pose with some, there are always feather weights ready . » material. Meat, milk, cream, eggs and nuts take the lead in the above named 1' I .68. qualities, and thin people should take all hey can well digest of these flesh-form- ing foods. Eating more than one can to follow any lead they think “smart.” digeSt is the cause of headaches, fre- But real or affected. the rejection of re- ligious belief of any sort whatsoever is a tendency of the times much to be re- gretted. DEBORAH. FOR THE TOO THIN WOMAN. BY ANNA RUTHERFORD. In spite of the fact that the fashion leaders and the modish dressmakers, in their admiration for the present style of shapeleSS slimness, pronounce bones beau- tiful, no woman really wants to be serawny. The angular figure is not beau- tiful and has never been considered so. In all ages the artist’s eye has traced curves, not angles, in idealizing feminine beauty. Fortunately, the average wom- an is wholesomely plump—a goodly pro- portion of them too much so—and this probably accOunts for the desire for slen- derness and the making of extreme styles that appeal so to the plump woman’s heart and tempt her to resort to injurious dieting and fasting and the more injuri- ous anti-fats. But in spite of the fact that the aver— age woman carries sufficient flesh and a few too much for fashion, there are al- ways a small minority too lank and lean, not only for fashion but for health. There is a difference between slender- ness and leanness. Every woman wants full checks and throat and shapely arms and shoulders. But beauty is not the only thing to be desired. If hollows, angles and protruding bones were the usual ac— companiment of health. one. might accept them without complaint. As a matter of fact the too—thin woman is a poor exam- ple of health usually. Something is at the root ofit, wasting vitality or prevent- ing the upbuilding of the body. And every thin woman should look well to her phy- sical condition to find the cause. When there is no positive disease and no de- cided inherited tendency to leanness then one’s manner of living. eating, state of mind, etc, are at fa'ult. The thin woman must not worry, must not exercise to the point of fatigue. She must learn to minimize her work and avoid doing unnecessary things and tak- ing unnecessary steps. Many a woman wears herself thin in her devotion to household duties, forgetting herself until some remark by friend or acquaintance or her unflattering mirror, reminds her of her own self—neglect. According to the old adage, “\York never kills,” but overwork wears pretty badly, especially when the worker is inclined to thinness and is not careful about her diet. One woman of my acquaintance, whose weight was fifty pounds or more below normal and whose hobby was her house. ate frccly of chccse. fried eggs and grid— dle cakes for breakfast. and Die, or cake. for luncheon, if anything. there was no regularity whatever about the mid-day meal, and, of course. stomach trouble was complaint and her excuse for lean- ness. Another seldom took any rest, up early and late doing all kinds of things, necessary and otherwise, visiting and en— tertaining. This Woman was very chari— table and during spare moments made fancy work for friends, never finding time for a daytime nap. It is needless to say her weight was that of the traditional hag and her countenance pale and hag— gard. If one does not wish to grow thin the expenditure of energy must not be great- er than one’s ability to repair. If one is belOW normal weight and wishes to gain flesh the daily repair must necessarily exceed the waste. And as every exertion of body or mind causes waste the thin woman should regulate her life and pro- portion her work and exercise according to her strength and ability to repair. The thin woman should know how to choose her food and eat those articles that are easily digested and contain the largest amount of fat and flesh-making her quently, constipation and various other symptoms of ill-health. Milk sometimes causes a full bloated feeling. But this can be avoided by Sir)- Ding it or taking it through a straw, warm, not hot. Ten or 15 minutes be- fore meals is the best time to take it, never with meals. A pint or more, warm, just from the milking, mornings and evenings will air wonderfully in putting flesh on the thin body. The last drippings are richer and should he drank if avail- able. Eggs are more nutritious and digestible raw, either swallowed direct from the Shell or beaten with a pint of salt or a little sugar. One can learn to take a half dozen or more a day this way. All the cereals are good. Most fruit and vegetables are of especial value as they contain the natural salts which per- form an important part in maintaining health. Tender green salads, when taken with olive oil, nut oil or butter, help to fatten. Beans, peas, nuts and dates are highly nutritious. All food should be Well masticated and another important thing to remember is, do not partake of too great a variety at one time. Avoid pickles, acids, tea, coffee, brined, smoked and canned goods, and drink plenty of water between meals. Following these suggeStions, if one does not gain a few pounds in as many weeks, then probably the best thing to do would be to consult a specialist. PREPARING FRUIT FOR WINTER. There are many housewives who dread the canning and preserving season, \\'hy not simplify the proceSs and learn to do it as eaSily as possible? One lady, famous for putting up fruit so that and almost as good as when it is first picked, says that she does not let her fruit remain on the range after coming to the boiling point. Many people cook their sauce too much. It loses its fine flavor and becomes almost tasteless. Cherries that are overdone are tough. The same is true of other kinds of sauce. Tomatoes that go beyond the boiling point fall into a shapeless mass and are insipid when eaten. In making preserves avoid getting them so sweet that they are soggy and sickish, but have enough sugar so they will not ferment or mold. it is difficult to make jam or marma- lade without scorching or burning it un- less one understands how. if a pint of hot ashes cOntaining some live coals are dusted on the cover of the range under the saucepan preserves, the fruit will cook down nicely. it will scarcely thick- en on the bottom and will only seldom need to be stirred. Pickled blackberries only need to be heated through to keep in the, vinegar. For 12 quarts of berries, take four quarts of good cider vinegar, pour it in an alum- inum kettle and set it on the range. \Vhen it comes to the boiling point add five pounds of sugar and two cotton bags the size of a black walnut, filled respec- tively with sticks of cinnamon and cloves. \Vhen this syrup comes to a boil, pour it over the blackberries, then heat the mix- ture on the range. As soon as it boils put it in a stone jar. Seal it and put it in the fruit cellar for winter. To can pickled beets, take one-half bushel, wash them clean in several wat- ers, immerse in boiling hot water for one hour or until they are done. Skim them out into cold water and dress them. Slice them up into a syrup of four quarts of vinegar, one cup of sugar, two quarts of her success in it tastes fresh water. Have five two quart jars ready, together with the rings and covers. As soon as the beets come to a boil pack them neatly in the cans. Fill the jars with the hot syrup, screw down the cov- ers and set them away to cool. They are delicious. - SEPT. «5, 1913: The Ideal: Kitchen. N Sold-Itashioned white farmhouse at A the end of a king tree-bordered lane attracted my attention as I was being driven through the country re- cently. It was so‘remote from noise and dust, and. looked so peaceful nestled in its shelter of'spreading trees it seemed to me, fresh from the hustle and dirt and noise and conquion of a. city, as the idea! sort of home. “That’s just the sort of a home I want.” I said enthusiastically. “You’re away off from everybody there; you don't get the dust from the road, and you are so far away peddlers and agents will pass you by rather than walk up the lane. That’s just my idea of a happy home." “The woman who lived there last has just been taken to the insane asylum," remarked the driver nonchalantly. “Didn't you know that the statistics show that the majority of country women who lose their minds come from farmhouses on little traveled roads or those set back at the end of a lane where they see hardly anybody but the family? “It may look peaceful to you, you are tired of seeing folks because you live in a. city and get too much of it." he con- tinued. “But if you lived there day in and day out. with no change or diversion except a change in the day's work, don't you think it would get on your nerves. so to speak? The monotony and lone- someness of it is enough to drive a deli- cate woman mad.” The frvrcc of his argument of courSe is appaient when we stop to think that We are by nature sociable beings. XVe need the scciety of our kind to keep us rightly balanced. and the woman who is much by herself. of course. would fall an easy prey to obseSSions. For one reason only the house well back from the road is desirable, it makes a shorter haul from the fields as the barns are then more nearly in the center of the farm. But the same advantage- could be secured by buying land on both sides of the road. The house could then be near the road where the busy woman would have a chance to forget work 0c- casionally by glimpses of some other lives arOund her. There would be a greater incentive. too, to keep the buildings and grounds up. It is only human nature to get lax when we think we are out of sight, and to spruce up if we are where we can be viewed critically. They are building many houses in the city now with the kitchens and work rooms in front. and the living—rooms in the back. This is to give the family a chance to get away from dust and noise when they wish to rest, and to have the living-rooms overlooking the garden. which is made a bower of beauty. Why would not this be the ideal way of build- ing the farm home? Put the kitchen and pantry in front of the house. where the housewife can see the road as she goes about her duties. There could be a clean neat porch as at preSent. vine-screened. on which she could sit to do a great share of the work. prepare vegetables for the noon-day meal and get ready the fruit for canning. She could iron out here. with one of the charcoal or gasoline irons. Or if she is fortunate enough to have electricity there could be a porch light which might be utilized on ironing days. The kitchen porch in front of the house would do away with the pails of garbage which cluster about so many farm doors, attracting the flies. My plan of an ideal kitchen has always had a window over the sink. What wom- an who has stood on hot summer days with her hands in hot dishwater has not longed for a breath of fresh air? Re- cently T found .lny ideal. and instead of One window over the sink there Were two! This kitchen is in a town house. but there is no reason why it could not be copied on the farm. The lot on which the house stands is a long (me. running straight through from one street to an- other. Tbe double windows are in the side of the kitchen. so that standing in front of them at work one has a glimpse of both streets. At the left of the sink is a drain board running to the end wall. At the right are built in cupboards, which reach just to the top of the sink and are covered with zinc to serve as kitchen ta- ble. Across the right end of the kitchen other cupboards are built to the ceiling, thus giving room for all the kitchen dish- es. spices, sugar. empty fruit cans. etc.. which are needed in that room. The cup- board under the table serves for dish- pans, kettles, baking tins. etc. The range THENHCHIGANFARMER stands juSt to the left of the drain board. So that all the appurtenances for work are together in as small a space as pos- sible. No extra steps need be taken when cooking a meal, the water is at your right hand and the drain board is long enough to give space for salt and pepper and the spoons, knives and forks used in cooking. The pantry is between the kitchen and dining-room and has space for the re- frigeiator, which thus can be kept out of the heat and much ice saved. There are cupboards there for food which can not go in the ice box, and fer the dishes used on the dining—table. Such a kitchen in the farm home. with the windows facing the road. and the outside door on one side, would make life cheerier for the woman of the house. She would have plenty of air while at work, and Opportunity to get outside of herself as well. Each passing stranger would link her with the life of the world, and keep her from growing self-centered and morbid. HOME QUERIES. Household Editorz—Mrs. Y’Vm. M. would like to know how to bleach clothes. Into eight quarts of warm soft water put one pound of chloride of lime; stir with a l5--203 stick a few minutes, then strain through a bag of coarse muslin. working it with the hands to dissolve thoroughly. Add to] this in a tub five pails of warm soft water. stirring thoroughly. and put in the clothes to be bleached. The cloth. should be wet well before putting into‘ the bleaching water so it will take the! lime evenly. Let it remain one hour," turning it over occasionally so that every part may be evenly bleached. This is enough for 25 yards of muslin one yard 'wide. Another lady wishes to know how to make home—made furniture polishl Take alcohol, good vinegar and sweet oil,! equal parts of etch, except the oil of: which a little more is needed than of the others. Shake the bottle well daily; for tWo Weeks, when it is ready for use: though the longer it stands the l)€tt(‘l‘.i \Vhen using. rub the furniture dry. Ev-t ery two months is often enough for use.l —Mrs. M. F‘. S. ’ Recipe for B‘caching “'hitc Cloth.—; -Use one ounce of chloride of lime to onei yard of cloth. Dissolve in a dish over“? night. Roi] up the clothes in a hot suds; then wring out. put the dissolved lime! into a tub of cold or warm water. stiri up, put the cloth thri‘ gh it until white: Then rinse in clear water and hang upJ to dry—Reader. FASHIONS BY MAY M—IINTON. or large Fashion Book—containing 92 pages illustrating over 700 of the season's latest styles, and devoting several pages? to embroidery designs. will be sent to any ' address on receipt of 10 cents. No. 7945—Infant‘s long coat. one size. No. 6562—Infant’s long dress. one size. No. 7944—One-piece night gown, small 34 or 36, medium 38 or 40, large 42 or 44 bust. No. waist. No. 7943—Gir1’s four-gored petticoat, 6 to 12 years. The above patterns will be mailed to any address by the Fashion Department of the Michigan Farmer on receipt of 10 cents for each. 7925——Five gored petticoat, 22 to 32 We Have 21 Ways of Helping You In Personal Letters With an expert authority at each “way” to point you right. This is the widely known personal service back of Tée Lat/zrs’ Home Journal that it has taken 20 years to build up and was used the last twelve months by more than a quarter of a million women without a penny’s charge. Not through the magazine and in print, either, but personally, direct— ly and confidentially, by mail: in personal letters sent to you the moment your question comes. Here are the 21 “ways” of this personal service: Any question about Clothes: Girls’,Womcn’s or Children’s; lVlillinery: Making or Trimming a Hat; Etiquette: Good lVIanners and Good Form; Pretty Girl Questions: Beauty and Health; Building a Little House; How Can I Make: Money at Home? Piano Questions: By Josef Hofmann; Books and Reading: By Hamilton W. Mable; Correct Speaking and Writing; Social Work in the Church; Any Kind of Needlework; The Table, Cooking and Menus; School Entertainments; Every Kind of Home Party; Any Kind of Music; HOW Can I Run My Home Nlore Easily? Prospective Mothers; The Baby: Food, Care, Clothes; Girls’ Heart “Affairs”; Interior Decoration; Quotations and Dates. szwewww _. 5:20 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Pretty complete, isn’t it? Where it isn’t, there is another department that covers anything not in- cluded above. And all at the free service of any reader of T /ze Ladier’Hame foumaAwhether she buys the magazine or subscribes for it. A booklet, entitled “The Story of 600,000 Invisible Hands,” tells something about this service. A postal-card request will bring a copy. A year’s‘ subscription to The Ladies’ Home Journal, by mail, costs $1.50, or it may be bought from any Newsdealer or Boy Agent at 15 cents a copy. THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY INDEPENDENCE SQUARE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA .A‘ " 14‘ This Whip outlast? All (“hers A big claim. but we stand ready to rove it-and more. Red Rawhide enter Whips look better. have more snap. stand straighter, excel in all whip pomts. because they are bunt around Red Raw- hide Centers. Our secret method of treat- ingkeepsout moisture. lfyouwantprooj. send for the famous Westfleld test. it is the great eye-opener to whip users. and will save you from buying interior whips. We will send you this proof free, if 'our dealer has not the facts. Ask him irst. UNITED STATES WHIP CO. Wesuield. Muss. Don’t confuse this with ordi- nary “make-shift” roofings. We guarantee it 15 years and inside each roll furnish modern ideas for laying it artistically and permanently. Certain-teed Rona Roofing You can’t tell how long a roofing will wear by looking at it—so for your own protection, accept no substitutes—~be sure that the Certain-(£51 Quality Label is on each roll. Sold by dealers everywhere at a reasonable price. General Roofing Mfg. Co. E. St. Louis, ill. York Pa. Marseilles, Ill. Shingles The Largest and Best Line of Road Machinery We have been making it for over 35 years. Everything for Road Building. The oldest Company in the business with the Latest Improved Machinery. Sand for hand- somely il us 1 trated catalog—FREE. lllE AUSTIN WESTERN lillAll MACHINERY 60.. CHICAGO BREEDERS’ DIREC'NRY. SHEEP. The Reason Why! IT PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED SHEEP 0F PARSONS. “the sheep man of the east. ' I sell and ship everywhere and pay express charges. I will start one man in each township_ Write for club offer and descriptive price list:- DS Shropshires, Ramboulllcts OXFOR , and Polled Delaines. PARSONS, Grand Ledge. Michigan. Kingsville. 0. July 17, 1913. Dear Sir: I received Oxford Sheep esterday in good shape and will say he is a peach. ' hon I got home with sheep a couple of my neighbors came over and looked him over. They said he was the biggest sheep they ever saw and the best around here. I will keep the crate. I paid the express agent 32 for it. Thanking you for your prompt de- livery. I remain, Yours truly. Arthur L. Peck. At one time men drove many miles in search of Rams: nowdays PURE BRED Sheep are ordered by letter of “The Sheep Man of the East” SHEEP FOR SALE lN CARLOAD LOTS. PARKHURST BROS" Reed City. Michigan. THE MICHIGANI’ARMER Farm Co NDER authority from Congress I I contained in theagricultural ap-‘ propriation act which authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to fix defi- nite grades for grain, the U. S. Depart— ment of Agriculture, through its office of Grain Standardization of the Bureau of Plant Industry, has completed the nec— essary investigations to justify the fix- ing of definite grades for commercial corn. On the basis of these investiga- tions, the following tentative grades for corn have been formulated. “Vith the view to having the public fully informed regarding the grades before they are fin- ally adopted, their publication has been authorized by the secretary. Prior to the final fixing of these grades by the department, a formal hearing will be held in \Vashington the latter part of September or some time during October, the exact date to be announced later. Tentative Grades for Commercial Corn. In the classification of grades. white, yellow and mixed corn are all classified as belonging to grades ranging from Nos. 1 to 6, and corn that does not meet the requirements of any of these six grades, is classified as Sample, according to gen- eral rule No. 6 below. The following are the requirements of the different grades as formulated by the Department of Agriculture: Grade No. 1.—-'l‘his grade must contain not over 14 per cent of moisture, two per cent of damaged corn, one per cent of foreign material. and two per cent of badly brokcn or cracked kernels‘. Grade No. 2.7—7'I‘his grade must contain not over 15.5 per cent of moisture, four per cent of damaged corn, one per cent of foreign material and three per cent of badly broken or cracked kernels. Grade No. 3.—This grade must contain not over 17.5 per cent of moisture, Six per cent of damaged corn, two per cent of foreign mnlcrizll and four per cent of badly broken or cracked kernels. Grade No. 4.——'l‘hi.s grade must contain not over 19.5 per cent of moisture. eight per cent of damaged corn, two per cent of foreign matcrieil and four per cent of badly broken or cracked kernels Grade No. 5.—~This grade must contain not over 21.5 per cent of moisture, ten per cent of damaged corn, three per cent 01‘ foreign material and five per cent of badly broken or cracked kernels. Grade No. 6.—~This grade must contain not over 2:; per cent of moisture, 15 per cent of damaged corn, five per cent of foreign material and Seven per cent of badly broken or cracked kernel»: Sample GraderJl‘his grade is defined in General Rule Six below. The following limitations should be kcpt in mind when reading the above definitions: “lfiamaged corn” does not include corn that is “heat damage-d” nor what is known to the trade as “mahog- uny" corn. “Foreign material“ includes dirt, cob, finely broken corn, other grains, ctc. “Badly brokcn or crnckcd kernels" does not include those that are fine-1y broken. General Rules. 1. The corn in grades No. 1 to N0. 5 must be swcct. 2. White corn, all grades, shall be at least 98 per cent white. 1:. Yellow corn. all grades, shall be at least it?» per cent yellow. -l. Mixed corn, all grades, shall include corn of various colors not coming within tho limits for color, as provided for un- der white or ycllow corn. A Few Choice Oxfords al Reasonable Prices. \‘V. E. GARDINER. Morley. Michigan. ling. llamobuillei Sheep. Pure Brcsd Polagd China ERON HOB ES. )6 ‘l 11‘} Egg-33305851915. R. and M. U. R. J. Q. A. (JCS-)Ilflfii.I ' is offering more and better He Ingleflde Farm Shropshire Sheep than ever before. All stock recorded. Write us what you want. HERBERT E. POWELL. Ionia. Mich. Citizen 5 Phone. Prize two-year-old Shropshire Rams 1912. 1" Illd 2nd A180 800d yenrlin Rams and Ewes for sale. E. E. LELAND & SON. gun Arbor. Michigan. BECISIERED SHHOPSHIRE—Etaegggigng“ $5.231: Breeding of the best. Harry Potter. Davison. Mich. —Good ones cheap. Write before :iil'opSillr. Hams Au .15th.for special proposition. KOPE lKON FAB . Kinderhook. Michigan. 1 and 2 years old. and some 13,250,: SHIREégmsrams, wool and mutton type. GEO. P. gNDBEWS, Dansville. Ingham 00.. Mich. 5.111 addition to the limits indicated, No. 6 corn may be musty, sour, and may also include corn of inferior quality, such as immature and badly blistered. _ 6. All corn that does not meet the re— quirements of either of six numerical grades by reason of an excessing per- centage of moisture, damaged kernels, foreign matter or badly broken corn; or corn that is hot, heat damaged, fire burnt, infested with live weevil, or oth— erwise of distinctly low quality, shall be classed as sample grade. 7. In No. 6 and sample grade, reasons for so grading shall be stated on the in- spector’s ticket or certificate. 8. Finely broken corn shall include all broken particles of corn that will pass through an 8x8-mesh wire sieve, the :ElllllllIllllllllllilllllillilllllllllilllllilllllllllllllllilllllllllllillllilillllIllilllllllllIIlillllIilllllllllllllII|llllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllillillllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllIllillllllllllllllilllIlllilllillllllllllllllllfl mmchc. EllllIIIHIl|lllllIll||llllIIllllliiillllilll||Hillilllll|IlllllllHilllll|lllllllll|llilllilllllllllilllilllllllil|llllllillllllllliiillilllilililllllHill|IllllIllll|IIHIllll|llilllIlllll|llllllillIlIll|lI|||||llllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllfi Tentative Grades for Corn Formulated. diameter of the wire to be twenty-five thouSandths of an inch. 9. Badly broken or “cracked" corn shall include all broken pieces of ker- nels that will pass through a 4x4-mesh wire sieve, the diameter of the wire to be thirty-six thousandths of an inch, ex- cept that the finely broken corn as pro- vided for under Rule '8 shall not be con- ridercd as badly broken or “cracked” corn. 10. It is understood that the damaged corn; the foreign material, including cob, dirt, finely broken corn, other grains, etc, and the badly broken or “cracked” corn, as provided for under the various grades, shall be such as occur naturally in corn when handled under good com- mercial conditionS. 11. Moisture percentages, as provided for in these grade specifications, shall conform to results obtained by the stan— dard method and tester as deScribed in Circular 72, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Acidity. The grain standardization investiga- tions of the department have shown that the “degree of acidity” is a, most im- portant factor in determining the sound- ness of corn, and likewise its safety for storage and for shipment. \Vhile the re- sults of these investigations clearly in- dicate that the acidity test affords a. means of accurately measuring the qual— ity or degree of soundness of any given lot of corn, it has not been included in the grade requirements for the reason that neither the grain inspection depart- ments nor boards of appeal or familiar with, or equipped for, making such dc- tcrminzitions in commercial grading, The results likewise indicate that sound corn of good quality, does not exceed 22cc. in acidity; that corn with an acidity in cX(-ess of 26cc has already undergone purtinl deterioration and is unsafe for storage; while corn showing an acidity of 30cc. or over, is distinctly of inferior quality, such as would in almost every instance be classed as sample» grade un- der the present system of grading. The degree of acidity, as herein cxprerscd. represents the number of cubic center- mctcrs of tenth normal alkali solution required to.neutralize the acid in 100 grams of corn. HARVESTING MARKiET TOMATOES GREEN, The practice has become common of harvesting the tomatoes meant for mar— ket while they are yet quite green, that is when the fruits Show the first tinge of color. This, of course, means for those markets that cannot be reached in a few hours after the fruits have been taken from the vines. \Vhilc the fruits thus harvested may not have the finest qualities that are to be found in the trimato that has finished its ripening upon the vine, there are ad— vantages that the commercial grower located some distance from his market must ('OllSithl‘. And first among these advantages is the fact that the soil is much less reduced in fertility because of the comparatively large amount of plant food and cncrgy required to ripen the Seeds of the fruits. Although this is not a big saving it is n muttcr that should not be ovcrlooked by the business grower. A second and more important reason for the practice of harvesting the fruit green is that there is a better chance to keep a regular supply on hand, since it does not become necessary to rush the product away to market immediately and so can be held to fill current orders. This is particularly advantageous where one is endeavoring to fill the wants of some special trade. . But perhaps the greatest reason for the practice is the saving that it makes pos- sible. In the first place the- men can handle much more of the fruit where it is firm than they can when ripe. This renders it possible to effect a consider- able saving in the harvesting and pack- ing without injuring the fruit more than painstaking w0rk would if the specimens were ripened. Again the work can, be- cause of the better keeping qualities of the tomatoes, be better organized as a regular picking crew can be engaged, and SEPT. c, 1913. this always works greater economy in harvesting and packing. Still a third sav- ing is rendered by the early harvesting in saving much of the crop that would crack it allowed exposure to dews and rains during the last days of maturing. These savings, together with the increas- ed assurance of getting the crop, are ar- guments that convince a majority of the commercial men of the utility of taking this crop from the vines when the color first began to show. As hinted in the first paragraph, how- ever, the fact should not be lost Sight of that the man who gets his crop to the consumer in a few hours after it is pick- ed would no doubt gain more in the bet- ter satisfaction that the consumer would have and the larger price he could get by allowing his crop to come to a. good color on the vines, than he would by harvesting green; but the other fellow can well consider the advantages enumerated. \Vayne CO. A. H. NO MODEL CO-OPERATIVE ORGAN- IZATION, Numerous co-operative associations, especially in the western I'nited States, are appealing to the Department of Ag— riculture to have- the Office of Markets make an investigation of their particu- lar type of co-operative enterprise. The idea apparent in their requests is that the Department proposas to recommend the form of some particular organization for general adoption throug‘limit the I‘m- ted States by producerS’ co-operzitive or- ganizations. The Department has no such plains in view, but is desirous of securing infor- mation concerning all co-operative under— takings, wherever they may be located and with whatever products they may deal. It is interested also in consumers' organizations and co-operative mercan- tile enterprises. At the request of the Department. the (‘ivil Service Commission has recently held examinations for positions in the Office of Markets, including a. specialist in co-opcrntivc organization. Sixty-four :Ipplicants satisfied the commission that they were cntitlcd to consideration for the position. it will be some time before the commission will be able to correct there papers and make certifications to the Department. After the specialist in (‘tl-(ll'lF‘l‘allVQ organization has been se- lected and appointed, it is possible that this officer may, as opportunity arises, make perSonal observations as to the conduct and methods of some of the nu- merous associations in the Iinitcd States to assist the Department in giving the most valuable information and advice to groups of persons desiring to effect or- gnnizations. PRODUCERS BELIEV IN ADVERTIS- ING THE APPLE. Apple growers in the western Michigan territory heartily approve of the pro— posed campaign by the International Ap- ple Shippers’ Association, in behalf of an increased consumption of apples. L. lC. Mcacham, representing the Interna- tional Association, recently Vinited this section and was in conference with the larger growers. In nearly every case the growers were positive in their stutcmcnts that they would help support a campaign which would aim at getting the house- wife to think in terms of apples rather than in terms of oranges, grape-fruits, bananas or any other of the semi-tripl— cal fruits. In round figures :1. million apple trees have been set out in western Michigan during the past four years and in an— other four years a goodly number of these will be nearing the bearing period. \Vith this great increase in the upple producing power of the region it is im- portant that there be on increase in the ability of the people to consume apples. So the campaign to get the people to eat apples is endorsed. The banks throughout the section take kindly to the proposition of acting as custodians for the funds to be collected by means of the stamp plan, which plain urges every grower to put a two-cent stamp upon every barrel packed and a one—cent stamp upon every box. The money received is to go into a national advertising fund. ‘ If there is money in storing and hold- ing apples and other fruit, why not club together, build and control a storage plant on the line of some nearby rail- road and save this 35 to 50 cents storage toll and the long hours of waiting for a. chance to unload in the busy season when moments are golden? l .M-q *._,N“~_ _ we «.32. «car ”an... a... - this vicinity. sum. 6, 1913. CROP AND MARKET NOTES. (Continued from page 196)- are n 1 er bu. The crop is not to excleled1 oie-fhird of an average. Late po- tatoes are doing some better and may make a 75 per cent crop. Corn about the same. Oats are turning out about. 50 per cent of a crop. Two or three light rains, while far from being enough, have materially improved prOSpects. About the usual wheat acreage is being prepared. 3, E. Mecosta Co., Aug. 28.——VVheat is threshing out fairly well. Oats are very poor. Corn looks fine; potatoes look fine but some Show white specks, growers fear rot. Beans did look well but some show blight; largely contract beans in Clover making a fine sec- ond growth and good prospect for seed. Ground in pretty good condition for sow— ing wheat. Apples and peaches very light crop. Not very much stock being kept on farms. Butter worth from 20@250; eggs. 200; apples selling from 65@75c per 100 lbs. Early potames 50c a bu. Not much hay, oats or rye being sold at any price. Monroe Co., Aug. 26.——The latter part of July and tore part of August the weather was extremely warm and dry, and farmers began to feel a bit discour- aged as to the outlook for a corn crop, but the frequent rains for the last four weeks are bringing corn and potatoes to the front amazingly and we will have some corn and potatoes yet, tliOLgh not as large a yield as we would have had had we had more rain earlier. Last Thursday we had a real old downpour, with a great deal of electricity which did agood deal of damagea number of barns being struck'by lightning and burned to the ground. Quite an acreage of buck- wheat sown and looking line. Farmers are generally getting wheat ground ready for fall seeding. Tuscola Co.—Rccent heavy rains did great damage to crops throughout the county, especially to beans, which had promised to be a bumper crop. Pota- tOes, too, are affected. and many fields on low ground have begun to rot. Es- timates vary all the way from 10 to 50 per cent loss on beans; it is feared that 25 per cent is too low. Some pieces are declared to be a total loss and some will be plowed under. while many fields will lose only on low—lying portions. In places water covered the crop to a depth of at least a foot. and when it finally drained away the unusual heat scolded. cooked and baked the vines and pods. Some growers, however. note that while the leaves are yellow and have in many cases dropped, the pods and vines appear green and vigorous, and they hope the vines will be able to mature the beans, In a smaller district hail riddled corn to some extent, but the damage to that crop, tak- en as a whole, will be small. Beets. al- though considered the hardiest of crops and capable of surviving extremes of wet and droutli, have been injured to some extent in some sections. New York. Genesee Co., Aug. 26.——XVe have had quite a few showers during the last four or five days and indications are for more. It looks as though the drought of about two months‘ duration. and of unusual se- verity. has been broken. This will help out beanS, corn, potatoes and pasture wonderfully. all of which crops had suf- fered dreadfully, not only from lack of moisture, but the very warm weather as well. All kinds of live stock high in price. The myStery of it all is—that so many farmers do not raise more. There is and will be. without any doubt, good money. or profits in live stock, for the man who breeds and feeds properly. Following are the prices paid by dealers. not the retail prices: Butter, dairy. 280; creamery. 300; pork, dressed, 120; live. 81/20; eggs, fresh, 240; spring chickens. 160 1b; fowls, 14c; lambs, dressed. 14c: wheat. 85@87c: oats. 45c; beans, pea, $1.75 per bu: beans red kidney, $1.75; beans, medium, $1.85: beans. red marrow. $2: potatoes, 75c@$1 per bu; hay, loose. $10@12. Illinois. Marion'Co., Aug. 25.—The long drought has been broken by good rains last week. This is the first good rain we have had since June 24. lVe have had some light showers of a local nature, with some wind storms which did damage. All crops are light: very little wheat; oats almost a failure, quite a lot were not cut; hey a bare half crop. The meadows and pas- tures look as though .the grass is killed. Potatoes 3. complete failure. Tomatoes are a light crop. Apples are a fair crop. but are dropping badly. Peaches a fair crop and bringing good prices. Stock peas are looking better than other crops. Most farmers are feeding their stock; cattle and hogs are scarce and are sell— ilig for good prices. Wisconsin. Waukeska Co., Aug. 29.——On the 16th and 18th severe lightning and heavy rains destroyed several barns, killing some cows. Oats, 37@38c; Wheat, 90c; rye, 600; Barley, 63@65c; potatoes. 50c; eggs, 20C‘ clover hay, loose, $8 per ton; timothy, $10 @11; oats threShed from 35 to 60 bushels per acre; rye, 15 to 18 bu. per acre; bar- ley. 30 to 40 bu. per acre. Clover seed will be a poor crop. Clover hay averages 2%, to 3 tons to the acre. very woody and rank. Rye thre’shed poor for this sec- tion on account of the late frost last spring. Apples plentiful, rotting on the trees. Ohio. Hardin Co.—VVe are having continued dry weather. Threshing seems to be the order of the day and yet there is quite a run of field work to be done. Oats are very poor and wheat was a fair crop. Clover seed is looking time here yet and seems to be filling good, and most every farm contains from one to tow fields of this crop. The early potatoeswere no good. very small owing to the dry weath- er. but late ones are looking better. Cows are scarce and high, so are beef cattle. THE‘M‘ICHIGI'AN FARM-ER T1711" -4 =“::L::~:: W ~... ‘ ~y“\ ‘ .1. Mg”, .\.‘"“. “1% o TROUBLE at all to quickly string \ urglt‘. ' ' a9 17—285 it \ ”7— pféc tr ’usts easily” tollillyflatgj / ‘ _ \‘ A? "k._ s ,, l “m... \1 - ll '9- ‘V IN ‘I “Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence as over hills and through valleys. It “a. contains no single, separate wires. t,‘ The joints are ‘Ia u 7'. WELDED BY ELECTRICITY “it. making a one-piece fabric without the extra weightof waste ”a... wire. Made of special Open Hearth Wire, heavil ized with pure zinc. Strongest and most durable ence pro- duced anywhere. Thousands who use it Investigate it, anyway. Read “How to Test Wire" in our l...“ alvan- . say it’s best. .., new catalogue (sent free) which also shows the many different styles and a...“ sizes of “Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence for Poultry and Rabbit Yard and Garden. Field, Finn, Ranch, Lawn, Chicken, TM, WHERE THIS SIGN’S DISPLA YED IS SOLD THE BEST FENCE MADE. 'MTI'SBUKI mm , . rsncmo : "-23:- Wire Nails: Largo Head Roo BHEA .‘fl‘cléo‘lf‘llé’l" ' If you are thinking of issu- ing an individual herd cata- I log or sale bookletulet us help you with it. and prepare estimates. 8 also make a specialty of stock-breedere‘ stationery. cards. etc. Ours is a quality shop. Write us your needs, THE HASKINS SERVICE COJiPANY. Howard City, Mlch. EG Percherona. Shorthorns. Sliropshires and Dame Jerseys for sale cheap. as 2 of my barns burned Aug. 9th. M. A. BRAY. Okemos. Michigan F O R SA L E‘ill i‘ini‘i'iiasfg‘éwinigaié old. THE MAPLES. Munger. Michigan. FOR SALE OR TRADE (What. you got.) Registered Percheron Stallion, black. 17% hands high, weighs 1800 lbs. This horse is sound. good style and a colt getter. No use for him. He will make you good money. Como nick. J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Michigan. Bell P one. I WANT TO BUY Afew Good Cows iresh or soon to be. Yearling hens and sprin hatched pallets. Also strawberry plants. Give lfu l particulars. price. etc. Address Superintendent. P. O. Box lo. Detroit. Mich. BREEDERS’ Dill-2610“. CATTLE. Aberdeen-An us. Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas. B nckbirds and Prides. onlfi. is headed by Egerton W. the. GRAND CHAMPIO bull at. the State. West. Michigan and Bay City Fairs of 1912 and the sire of winners at these Fairs and at. THE INTERNATIONAL. Chico o. of 1912. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. lch. Guernsey Bull Calf—lithlénhéidRil’ieefiétfi: A Gee Dandy. G. A. WIGENT. Watervliet. Mich. GUERNSEYs—Rog. ’l‘uborculin Tested. WIndor more Form. Watervliet. Mich. u . K. BLATOHFORD. Auditoriun Tower. Ohioagolll. Also Poland HEREFORD BULLS Hill SAL cm... Hog... ALLEN 13308.. Paw PawrMichizan. A FEW CllfllCE E2‘“§?&.F“i’.““€ '36“ 32332? GREGORY a BORDEN. Howell. n’nci'ugan. Buy A World Record Holstein Bull NEXT TIME. We have‘z with 75% same blood of 3world‘ record cows. Great bargains at $250 each. LONG BEACH FARMS, Augusta. (Kalamazoo Co.,) Mich. “T. llffifilglilfllle HPlSLEIill-i will 0'33 loléi’ynmii’"? a l n ‘ ' pHOBApRpT wrigFAY.afigoudiuiilciilgggius' “Top-Notch” Holsteins. Choice bull calves from 6 to 10 mo. old. of fashion- able breeding and from~dams with oflicial milk and butter records for sale at reasonable prices. MoPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mlohlgln. Purebred Registered HOLSTE IN CATTLE The Greatest Dairy Breed ' . Semi for FREE 1110th Booklet Holstein-Frisian. Auo.. Box I“. Brottloboro.Vt. —-Bull Calf sired by best son 1' "ULSTEIN Pontiac Butter Boy. Dom issistgr by same sire to R cows who have official butter records averaging over ‘27 lbs. butter in 7 days. Price 50 f quick order. 0. D. “'OODBURY. Lancing.s Mich? PITTSBURGH STEEL C0. PITTSBURGH, PA.) Makers of "Pittsburgh Perfect" Brands of Barbed Wire; Bright, Annealed and Galvan- ized Wire; Hard Spring Coil Wire: Twisted Cable Wire: Galvanized Telephone Wire: Bale Ties: Fence Staples; Poultry Netting Staples: Regular Wire Nails; Galvanized ting Nails: Pittsburgh Perfect" Fencing. Bull Ready For Service. A grand son of Pietertje Hengervelds Count DeKol, and out. of Bertha Josephine Nudine. This is an almost faultless individual. Guaranteed right in every particular. and “dirt" cheap to a quick buyer. Also 7 good cows. one fresh—tho others yet ttoreshen. The above would make a fine herd for some one. $1950 will buy the bunch. L. E. CONNELL, Fayette, Ohio. —roanonable prices, choice reg- For sale istercd noLsTnIN BIKES. ready for service. HATCH HERD, Ypsilanti. Mich. For Sale—4 Reg. Holstein cows bred to Sir Korndyke Pietertie Hengervcld. No. 55929. Also 2 bull calves and 3 heifers. E. A. BLACK. 1%. 6. Lakovicw. Mich. F s l —2-yr.-old Jersey Bull—Dnm'sS-yr.-old record or a 3—10551 lbs. milk. 5131b... fat 604 lbs. butter. Sires dam's record—12997 lbs. milk; so) lbs. fat. 706 lbs. butter. 2-yr.-old full sister's record—8610 lbs. milk, 43") lbs. fat, 513 lbs. butter. All authenticated. kind. sound. sure. Waterman At Waterman.Ann Arbor.M ich. - I Lllllo Farmstead Jerseys (Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber- culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out. of good dairy cows for sale. No females for sale at. present. Satisfaction guaranteed. OOLO . . Coonerovllle. Mich. BUTTER BRED wearers CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM. Silver Creek. Allegnn County. Michigan. Buy Jerseys Dollar for dollar invested. the Jersey will earn back the amount paid for her quicker than other J breeds because her product brings a higher price per quart. or per pound. For the home she is unsurpassed. and her low cost of keep makes her most desirable. Write now for Jersey facts. No charge. AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB 824 W. 28d St., New York JERSEYs~suils cglves bred find [godfuct- ion. so ' . Brookwater Form. B. F. D. No. 7?);th gurbor.elllii,:l:. ——Rogistered Jersey Cattle. tuberculin test- For sale edgbulls and bull calves; heifer and heifer calves: cows With Register of Merit and Cow Testing Association records. IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Mich. Notton Farm, Grass Lake, Mich. A few young Jersey Bull Calves at "25 to $45 each. —F l . RED POLLED COWS and HEIFER 45313 5255333 John Berner a; Son. Grand Ledge. Mich. Route 4. 9 Shorthorns—Bulls from 8 to 12 months Write for pedigrees. w. WPlENAggfitHgfvvtill?(l&lgfil —B t '- “MillI 3g“) SHORTHUBNS oidalgisiififi ‘i‘l‘flcés‘i‘o‘az . n. . HUMMEL. Mason. Michiga ' —Large Cattle—Hen M , llalry Shflrlhlll'flS Milk Records or alivcyowai 11315:. No stock for sale at present. W. W. KNAPP, R. No. 4. Watervliet, Mich. -—2 Reg. Shorthorn Bulls by Victor B bin For sale :1 Hon of Victor Linwood an Internatitoinal Winner. JOHN SCHMIDT, Lansing. Michigan. 3 Choice Shortliorn Bulls For Sale. 6 tot-i mos. old. Bates bred. Registered. (‘nll or write to J.E. TANSWELL. Maple llidge Farm. Mason, Mich. Holstein Fricsian Callie. 2.92:}: °"“¥..°“:g..';“‘.£; quality not quantity. W. B. Jones. Oak Grove. Mich. HOLSIEIN BULL: readydfor pefivioo. 'Bred. built. and come and see. E. hi‘iibmiiiLii. Evgvl'gl‘l. Micheg:nr: C l . . ’ . FOR SAL new (gilt? doing“! A3341» giggling noon. Also good Dniry'man wanted. Enquire of ERNEST PlE’l‘Z. Bigelnw’s Holstein Farms Broodwlllo, Mich. Have for sale several fine young bulls out of cows with high official butter and milk reOOrds. Send for circular. "IA- - guunnbood. HOGS. ' ' ——A Desirable B n-h of S f flurocs & Victoria: m... 3...... its...“ “that. M. T. Story. R. R. 48 Lowell. Mich. City Phone 55. ' —bred forJuly fnrrowin . lsoa .h ' A hailing 80' lot. of Spring Pica forgsgle. Elaigg sex. A. A. PATTULLO. R. No] Deckervllle. Mich. stock. ELMEURST STOCK'FARM. Almont. Mich. ' éspring and \summer ' . ' chISlCr- WM“: your wants. Price andglileizv;ltiglilss Meadow View Stock Farm. RED. No.5.Hoilnnd.Mich. —Bi growth? two. last full i 0- l- 6- spr n3 furrow to oflor. Vol-g lzsoofin‘htgglif Scott No. 1 bond of herd Form )6 mile west cfdeoct, OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mich. “MARCH ml APRIL PIGS. the ion gaitfitssra m "it“ W's-2.: be: near arm. a. l 80 1011 A. NEWMAN. n. i. Mariette. Mlch..i‘.. Perfectly effective under all Conditions, because it is n ONE-PIECE FENCE o I c! -—all sold. Orders booked for April I I s and May pigs of the choicest brooding. C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford, Michigan 0 c ~Large. heavy boned hours and elite: I I I at. a bargain for next 30 days. GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zoeland. Michihnn 9 —Bred sows. March igs pairs and 0- I. C s trios.‘ Bufl ltock 153m! 8150 per15. FRED NICKEL R. 1. Monroe. Michigan. 0 l C’s—All 3 es. growthy and large. Moles . 0 ready. Ol'lto select. from. Attractive ricbo on young stock. H. H. JUMP, Munith. Mk3). "\THIS sow WEIGHED 932 Las. _ A 23 mourns om E " lON‘IA GIRL I have started more breeders on the road to onc- coss thnnany man living. I have thelargest and flu- est herd in the U. R. Every one an early developer, ready for the market at six months old. I want to loco one bag in each community to advertise my erd. Write for my plan ,“How to Make Money from Hogs.” c. s. asuumn.n.uo.lo Pom-no. man. —Bred gilts all sold. OI II c- SW'NE have a No. of Spring pigs on hand. Will book ordors for Sept. pigs. got. my price on pairs and trios not akin. A. J. GORDON R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich. _ —Spring boars from rizo-wi - Durnc Jerseys nlng strains. Sowap all ocean Brookwater Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor, Mich. —Have a few bred ilts. ”lime Jersey "098 and spring boars. ‘i-ize‘ Winning strain. W. C. TAYLOR, Milan. Mic . —25 High Class Spring Boats. E - Durocs cellent quality and Breeding. Writ‘o or come and see. J. 0. BARNEY, Goldwater. Mich. lluroc Jerscys—llolhing But Spring Pigs For Sale. CAREY U. EDMONDS. Haatlnls. Michigan. )IfG TYl’E‘DU RBOS—Matrchkand Apiiil Boars. ready Jl' ReerCO. airs no a i . A Sh ' items for sale. F. J. DRODT, italic. 1. glloonrog‘llllliéh? uroc Jerseys For Sale—Three fall boars. also spring pigs. either sex: ,of finest breeding and individual quality. John McNicoll. Station A. B 4.Bny City Mich. —B POLAND CHINAS 33$ liltfii‘imwén‘lumm“ Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta. Mich: Choice lot at Spring Pigs—pilgrims: L. W. BARNES & SON. Byron. Shinwasse Co., Mich. ARGE BTYLED POLAND CHINAS—Bpring and summer pigs, Also Oxford buck: d b at. close prices. ROBERT NEVET 3&moh?lei2libs POLAND CHINAS—Either sex. all ages. Some- th ' an. LONG. R. No. B. dignfiooiiagids'.’ li‘ilcifigfg' P. 0. MARCH MID APRIL ”681323. 83.533333 to please. R. W. MILLS. Saline. Michigan. URGE TYPE P. 0. FALL Plli ““Wd- Emma . . . greatest bunch 54 ring pigs'I ever raised. Eight sows fol-rowed 8?; omo or write. Expenses paid'if not anti-fled. Free livery from Pal-ma. W. E. Livmgston. Parma. Mich. PoAC. BoAllS AND sows—{£320 type. aired n . . A. woon & SON. Saline. ulc‘i‘li‘é‘élfim BIG TYPE MULE FOOT HOGS—Al ' 350 sale. Prolific and hardy. Best breed for Allie e? :21: Also Ponies. J. DUNLAP.Box M.Williamsport. 0 i0. O‘RKSHIRE Swine—We have ‘ Yplgs now ready for sale. Write :ngGiS(gll%etiggra‘:g prices. 081 RANDER BROS. Morley. Mich. ORKSHIRE SWlNE—Young bonrn ready for service. Also . spring .fnrrowed gilts and Aug. fun-owed pigs for sale Pairs not akin. GEO. S. McMUiLEN. Grand Ledge, Mich . . IMPROVED lARGE‘ YORKSfllRES h . BEIKSIIIRES 2.31;? $3133.. b33i§kini~a$§f Bows and gilts bred for September and October ll noes. furrow. Service be , P , and prices upOn ”plidgtiOn,‘gs a Breeding W. C. COOK. R. 42, Ad., MiChlnn. Lillieta’rmslead YORKSHIHES Spring bred gilt; all sold. Gilts bred t furrow. 896telnber pigs either sex. 5:51:83: tilt-lids not akin. Ida-booked for caring pin. COLON C. LILLIB. ooporovllle. Mich ' Mention .111; Michigan’ Farmed- when writing": advertisers. 1 206-— 18 _J E lllllllllllillllllllllll|Illll|lllIlllllIIll|llillIlllll|lllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllla‘l Markets. Ellllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllil|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllIlllllll|lllllllllll||lllllllllllllHllllllllIlllfi GRAINS AND SEEDS. September 3, 1913. Wheat—The sharp advance in wheat On Tuesday was largely credited to the strength of the corn market, although there were other very legitimate reasons for the advance, the principal of which was a decrea-“e in the American visible supply. This is a very unusual factor in the market at a season when both winter and spring wheat are ordinarily moving in considerable volume. It is an indica- tion that farmers are not selling their wheat. Michigan millers in all directions are having difficulty in getting enough wheat to keep their mills running on full time. This means that Michigan farmers believe that their crop is worth more money in View of the comparatively high price of other grains and that they are determined to hold on to their grain for better prices. The Liverpool market is also strong, due to a large decrease in the world’s viSible supply and a corres- ponding strength of Argentine. deliveries. One year ago the price for No. 2 red wheat was $1.07 per bu. Quotations for the past week are as follows: No. 2 No. 1 Red. \Vhite. Dec. 'May. Thursday . . . .91 9] 95 $1.01 Friday ........ 91 91 95 1.01 Saturday . . .. . .911/,, 9114 951/; 1.01% Monday .......... Tuesday ...... 921/2 921/2 96%. 1.02 14 VVedneSday . . .95 95 98% 1.04 Chicago, (Sept. 2).——No. 2 red wheat. 901/261‘911‘; No. 3 red, 89611900; Dcc., 90141:; May, 951,41? per bu. Corn—The corn market has retained unexpected strength on account of a lack of general improvement of conditions ov- er the corn belt and a feeling that it is now so late that even favorable weather will not make a big difference in the prospect. No. 3 corn sold on this market one year ago at 81c per bu. Quotations for the week are as follows: No. 3 No. 3 Corn. Yellow. Thursday ................. 761/2 77% Friday .................... 761/3 77% Saturday ............. 76 77 Monday ................ .... . . .. Tuesday ................ - .. 761/3 771/2 Wednesday ............... 77 78 Chicago, (Sept. 2).—No. 3 corn, 7561.760; Dee. 705,,1'; May, 721: per bu. Oats.—This market shared in the gen- eral advance on Tuesday in sympathy with corn and the advance in wheat. ()ne year ago the price for standard oats on this market was 371/20 per bu. Quota- tions for the week are as follows: No. 8 Standard. White. ThurSday ......... . ....... 421/2 42 Friday .................... 421/3 42 Saturday ................. 421/; 42 Monday ................ . . . . . Tuesday .................... 4:: 421/“, \Vednesday ................. 43"}; 431/; Chicago, (Sept. 2).—~Standard oats, 421,4, @430; No. 3 white. 41-‘3’161421/Jc; I)ec., 443,510; May, 477,111: per bu. Beans.—~This markct has remained at last week's nominal quotations. Immedi— ate and primary shipments are quotcd at $1.80; ()ct., $1.85 pcr bu. Chicago, (Aug. 26).~—No change has oc— curred in local bean values. l’ca beans, hand-picked, choice, are still at $19061) 1.95 and red kidneys at $1.65611.80 per bushel. _ Rye.-ltye has again advanced 20 dur- ing the week, the quotations.being 720 for caSh No. 2. At Chicago prices are about level with one week ago, cash No. 2 being quoted at 68611681/2c per bu. Barley—There has been a marked ad- vance in the market for good grades of barley at this point during the week. Good samples are now selling at $13061) 1.50 per cwt. At Chicago there is a wider spread in values with an advance in the better gradcs, quotations being 58 6177c per bu. .\t Milwaukee prices are about level with last week, malting grades selling at 656176c pcr bu. Clover Seed.-~»'l‘hcrc has bccn a big drop in futures during the past week due to the outlook for a good crop of seed which is said to be. filling well over large sec- tiOns of the drier area in thc clover pro- ducing states. October and December deliveries are now quotcd at $6.75; (ic- tober alsiko at $10. ..\t Toledo prime cash clover seed is selling at $7: (_)ct,. $67211»: Dec, $6.75: March. $0.90: 11cc. and March alsike $10.50 per bu Timothy seed."*()lltllfl“(HIS remain at last week's figures, prime spot sclling on this market at $2.60 per bu. .\t Toledo prime cash old seed is quoted at $2.45; 111w, 312.52%: limit. $351145 March, $362111: per bu. FLOUR AND FEEDS. Flour. Jobbing lots in 11, paper sacks are selling on the Detroit market per 196 lbs, as follows: Best patent, $5.20: sec- ond. $5.20: straight, $5; spring patent, $5.10: rye flour. $4.60 per bbl. Feedwdn 100-lh. sacks. jobbing lots: Bran. $22: coarse middlings, $24: fine middlings, $26: cracked corn, $31; coarse corn meal. $29; corn and oat chop, $25.50 per ton. Hay.~—Values 50c67$1 higher on mOst grades. Carlots on the track at Detroit are: No. 1 timothy. $15.506016: standard. “4.506915: No. 2, 135061114: light mixed, “4.506015: No. 1 mixed. $136711350. Chicago—,Firm under a very satisfac- tory demand. Choice timothy quoted at $19.50@20 per ton: No. 1, $18 506019; No. 2. $166017. New York—Top grades of both old and iew are firm. Medium Stuff in oversupply THEM LCH I G AN .«FAR M-:E.R and easy. Large baled, No. 1 timothy, $21@22; standard, $20@20.50; light clover, mixed, $196120; heavy mixed, $17@19 per ton. Straw.—Detroit.—Steady. Rye, $8@9; wheat and oat straw, $7@7.50 per ton. Chicago—Quotable as follows: Rye, $750618; oat, $6.50@7; wheat, $6606.50. New York.~—Dull. New, rye straw, $17 per ton. DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS. Butter.——So far local values have been little affected by the marked rise at other points. Elgin figures came a day late because of the holiday, and they reveal on advance of 21/21: over last week. A feeling is in evidence- in all mar- lixtia creamery, 271/20 per lb; firsts 26c: dariy, 21c; packing suck, 19c. lilginerarket firm at 30c; a 21/30 ad- vance over last week‘s price. Chicago.—~AII grades in good request at figures averaging 16111/30 higher. Fancy stock is scarce and occasional droughts on storage supplies are being made. Quo- firmer kcts. tations: Extra creamery, 29c; extra firsts, 271/261,:2811; firsts, 256126c; seconds, 2461.241/21'; ladlcs, 23c; packing stock, 220. New York—This market cleaned up' well at last week's advanccd figures and all kinds and grades have made. a further gain this week. Marketing very firm. Creamery extras, 30611301412 firsts, 271561) 291/21'; seconds. 25 1/. 6127c: state dairy, finest, 28146112911; godd to prime. 26%é6D28c; common to fair, 2361261‘; packing, 2061123c as to quality. Eggs.~0fferings continue variable in quality, dealers finding difficulty in secur- ing‘ enough good stock and storage sup- plies are being drawn upon at some points. The local quotation on current receipts is 10 higher than a week ago. Current offerings, candlod, quoted at 221/20 per dozen. (‘hicago.——This market is reported steady with an unusually large proportion of the offerings unsuited to trade re- quirements. Quotations run about as fol- lows: Miscellaneous lots, cases included, 146120c, according to quality; do., cases returned, 14617191/30; ordinary firsts, 181/263 20c; firsts, 2214;602:213, Refrigerator stock in good demand at 213/460220 for April firsts. New York—Somewhat irregular; val- ue: practically unchanged. Fresh gath- crcd extras, 286113017; extra firsts, 2660270; firsts. 2-161125c: western gathered whites, 226129c per dozen. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Apples—Values are. down a little this week. Now being quoted at 50611750 per ML. and $26133 per bbl. Huckleberries.—Not plentiful. at $4.2561‘4.50 per bu. Peaches—Supply increasing and market is becoming more active. Prices range from $1612.50 per bu. Potatoes.——Supplies show no material increase and many of the offerings are small and undesirable. Imported tubers are quoted at $2.50@2.60 per 21/: bu. sack. Per bushel, 850611311. Tomatoes—Increased offerings has put values on a lower basis. Home-grown 7561900 per bu. Cabbage.—Steady. at $2.2561250 per bbl. Poultry.——The range between springs and hens is gradually narrowing, the for- mer having an advantage of only 2c this week. Ducks are quoted higher. Offer- ings greater than last week and market for fresh stock in a healthy condition. Quotations are: Live—Springs, 1760171430 per lb; hens, 15611151/20: No. 2 hens, 11617 121-; old roosters. 10611111: turkeys, 17@ 18c: geese, 1161‘12c; ducks, 146150 . Chicago.~—Market steady under fairly liberal receipts. Some loss on shipments due to hot weather. Quotations on liVe are: Turkeys, good Weight, 190; others, 12c; fowls, general run, 15c; spring chick- ens, 161/30; ducks, 140: geese, 8@11c; gui- nea hens, $46115 per dozen. New York—Dressed poultry quiet with prices unchanged. Fresh dressed Western Quoted Good quality quoted chickens, 176i‘23c; fowls, 156F191/gc; tur- keys, 18611200 Cheese. Easy. Wholesale lots, Michi- gan flats, 131/363140; New York flats, 151/2 61‘ch: brick cream, 151/;6P16c; limburger, 151/261'16c. GRAND RAPIDS. An attendance of 700 -people was re- ported on the city market Tuesday morn— ing and there were 425 loads of frmt and farm and garden produce in sight. Fruit brought the following prices: Peaches, “75692.50: plums, 75(‘6i‘$1: apples, 50c61) $1.25: crabapplcs, 506175c: grapes, $17560 2. l’otatocs ranged from 80611701': toma- tocs, 901‘-(117$1: muskmclons, $1671.75; wat- crmclons, 50c; corn. 1061112e: cucumbers, 40c. Ilay is selling at $176019 per ton, which is almost double the prices of a year ago though the quality is far better. .lobbers are quoting 220 for eggs and 23c for dairy butter. THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS. Buffalo. September 1, 191.3. (Special Report of Dunning & Stevens, New York Central Stock Yards, East Buffalo. New York). Receipts of stock here today as follows: Cattle, 140 cars: hogs, 90 double decks; sheep and lambs, 70 double decks; calves 1.150 head. \Vith 140 loads of cattle on our market here today, and only 18.000 reported in Chicago, our market was strong on all grades and from 15611250 per cwt, higher than last Monday. The market was ac- tive at the advance. and everything was closed out before 2 p. m. We quote: Best 1300 to 1500-lb. steers. $9619.25: best 1200 to 1300-lb. (10.. $8.75@ 9: best 1100 to 1200-11). 110., ”50608.75: coarse and plain heavy steers. $7.75@ 8.25; choice handy steers, $8.25@8.50:fair to good 1000 to 1100-lb. steers, 7.75@8.25; grassy 800 to 1000-lb. steers, 7.25@7.75; best cows, $7607.25; butcher cows, $6617 6.25; cutters, $450605; trimmers, $3.75@ 4; best heifers, $7.75@8; medium butcher heifers, $7637.50; stock heifers, $5.2561‘15.50; best feeding steers, $7.25@7.50; fair to good do., $675617; common light stockers, $6616.25; best butcher bulls, $6@6.50; best bClogna bulls, 55540611575; stock bulls, $515,115.50; best milkers and springers, $706180; common to good do.. $506160. Our hog market today suffered a severe break in prices owing to a liberal supply, about 90 double decks, and close to 60.000 reported in Chicago. Buyers and sellers were apart for some time owing to mean bids by packers, and it was quite late in the day before the market got fully lev- elcd away. When basis of trading was established, about 9c took the best mixed grades, with some ordinary heavies at $8.50@8.75; yorkers up to $9.10 and a few at $9.15; pigs extremely dull at $85061) 8.75; light pigs from $5606.50; too many of this kind here today; roughs, $7.25@ 7.75: stags, $7617.50. The sheep and lamb market was active tcday, with prices about 25c lower than the close of last week; most of the choice lambs selling from $7.6511)7.75; yearlings, $5.7561‘6.25; look for little better prices the balance of the week with moderate receipts. “’1: quote: Choice lambs, $7.65@7.75: cull to fair lambs, $66D7.50; yearlings. $5.75 6116.25; bucks, $3613.50: wethers, $5605.25; handy ewes, “50634.75; heavy do., $461) 4.25: cull sheep. $3613.50; veals, choice to extra, $1261)12.25: fair to good, 53106111150; heavy calves, $550618. Chicago. September 1, 1913. A widening spread in cattle values, long expected, is developing. This is the re- sult of growing demand for choice. to prime heavy and yearling steers, and their shortage in the supply and range compe- tition against medium and plain natives. Marketings have been liberal recently and in the west showed the biggest volume in years, Kansas City establishing a record for one day, on Monday, August 25, with a little over 37,000 head. More than half this enormous crop was only feeder stuff, however, and Chicago continues. the chief fat cattle center. Locally it was a firm and higher market last Week for choice goods, tops advancing to $9.25 for prime 1,105—lb. Illinois yearling stccrs and heavies to $9.15. A big quota of choice he-avies went at $885609 and sprcad of $8.25618.65 took medium to good yearlings and heavy beeves. Stuff ranging down in value from $8.25 felt westcrn compe- tition and failed to show gains. In fact. some sales below $8 were a few points under the previous week. Common and medium grasrers and warmed-up natives sold at $740608. Range run was liberal, about 7,000 arriving and these sold steady to strong, tops at $8, bulk of beef rang- ers $7.10@7.35 and range feeders at $6.25 (117. Prime corn-fed cows and heit'crs held firm, yearling heifers selling up to $8.65 and cows at $7.25@7.50 where they posssesed prime finish. Grass heifers went at $6617.25 and common stock heit'crs down to $5.50. Cows off grass sold at $5616.40 and cutters at $4.25614.85 with canners at $325614. Bulls made largely $5.50@6.60, tops $750618 and canners $4.75 6115.15. Calves advanced to new record prices, vealers selling at $12.25 and me- dium to choice $116112. Heavy calves went at $5.25617.50 and fat 250 to 300-lb. weights brought $7.506118.50. Feeding cat- tle supplies were largest in weeks past, many coming from the West and compris- ing just plain light grades. Values de- clined 1561125c from the week previous. Big demand continued to be shown by Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio buy- ers while there was also a lot of buying of light stock steers by Pennsylvania. farmers. Feeders of good kind sold at $7617.75. choice stockcrs up to $7.60 and a common to fair sort at $6606.85. Com- mon feeder steers went down to $6.25 and poor tailing stoek heifers at $5.256175.60, while good feeding heifers cost $6.50. Hogs were marketed much more freely than the week before and average prices showed declines but choice light and butcher grades held well up to recent strong levels. In fact, tops at $9.35 were higher than for some weeks past. \Vide price spread continued a trade feature, the big lard hogs Selling down to $72561 7.50 while a good sort of heavy packing grades went at $775618, heavy shipping at 9582561880. Selected butchers Sold at $8.906T9.20 and mixed packing at. $765611 8.15, while smooth light bacon types brought $9.10619.35. Heavy sows off grass and fed a little corn were numerous among supplies since these grades are not profitable to feed now that corn has iiscn fast in value during recent weeks. Sick pigs were frequently seen but there was a fair portion of sound ones, these, finding good outlet at $8618.60 and poor conditioned kinds sold down to $15061? 0.5 . Stronger prices for sheep, gains of 1060 201- being noted and a little lower ten- dency of the lamb market were features in ovine trade. Increasing proportion of lambs in range receipts caused decline for them. Supplies from Montana, \‘Vy- oming and Idaho however, were shy of a good quota of feeding sheep and lambs and theSe brought firm prices. Feeder buyers in fact fell short of their orders and there is small prospect of liberal supplies of feeding stuff being bad for several weeks later this season. Feeding lambs sold up to $7617.10. and merely a plain sort at $6.75 while fat native and range lambs topped at $8.15 with a com- mon kind down to $5.5063625. Fat weth— ers topped at $4.75. ewes at $4.65, and a common kind sold down to $3609.50. Feed- ing wethers sold up to $4.50. feeding ewes at $3.70 and range breeding ewes at $450604 75 while a choice kind of native breeding ewes went at $5605.25. Horse market shows no signs of re- newed activity in demand. It has been a poor trade all summer and gives pros- SEPT. 6, 1913. pect of continuing so until mand from big commercial concerns shows growth. Speculators from the east have been chief buyers recently. Very little demand was shown from the coun- try and northern lumber camps are thus far calling for few horses. Drafters went up to 35300611325 but not many above $285 and plain to fair grades at 31175613235. Loggers and feeders sold at 5512568230 and farm workers mainly at 15180611220, while c<‘rnmon light city horses were a drug down to 5575611125. LIVE STOCK NEWS. eastern de- Kansas City record for one day’s cattle receipts was established Monday of last week when 37,000 arrived. Three-fourthiw‘ of the supply comprised feeding cattle from dry pasture sections of Kansas and Oklahoma. as well as Colorado. Graz- ers in these states held on reso- lutely during the worst period of the recent drought, and when a few light showers finally fell there was hope of be- ing able to run cattle on grass a few weeks longer at least. It appears, how- ever, that pastures in those states are gone for this season and forced liquida— tion is now a case of necessity. Tre- mendous movement of thin steers from dry pasture quarters enables feeders in other parts of the country and especially Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana and Ohio getting a generous crop to run on prOS- pective good fall grass. \\'ide range of hog prices still ucs to feature the trade. getting a big proportion of grassy sows which having weaned their litters were fed a little grassy corn and hurried into killing condition. Itise in corn cost re- ctntly has compelled groweis to cash in. :‘l‘llilt‘c big hogs now fail to pay their board )I . , Range cattle condition is poor and prob- ably will continue so aother month. Gar— ly gathering on many ranges of the north- west is declared to have been compulsory because of the encroachment of settle-rs. 'l‘bzs means a cutting down in numbers of the few remaining good sized herds in Montana and South Dakota. .~\ 23 load consignment 0f Matador Land & Cattle (‘ompany steers from South Dakota which averaged 1,225 lbs. and sold at $8 shoWed best range quality of the season thus far. \thre feed on the ranges is abundant thc cat‘tlemcn are showing no haste to round up shipments. Shortage in range supplies this season, it is confidently pre- contin— Markets are dicted, will necessitate a strong price basis up until the close of the range St‘ZlSOll. Vt‘hicago market is getting a larger run or thin steers of feeder kind and a broad trade with the east is developing. Penn— syxvama, Virginia and Maryland buyers are becoming more active in the market, altlirugh current high cost of 550 to 700- lb. stOckers is holding demand below Vol- ume shown at this season in recent years. I’ackcrs' quest for cheap cattle is keen and they are buying a good many in the southca-“t. South Carolina and‘Georqlél owucrs have recently sold several thou- sand head to Chicago packer representa— tives who shipped them to New York. Most of the purchases in southeastern territory are scrub stock which goes into the cheap beef trade 01‘ the east. Last fall packers brought thousands of canner (-l'i'ws from Georgia, South and North Car- olina and even from Florida, into the Chicago market. This stuff was used for canned beef trade, the European orders at that time being of heavy volume. Some Of the southern cows which had just a little “kill" to them, however, yielded loins for freSh meat demand. A good many people have been taken by surprise on account of the remark- able boom that has taken place in hogs in recent weeks, although experienced men like Patrick Cudahy, the. well-known Milwaukce packer, had many weeks ear— licr in much higher prices. Mr. Cudahv placed himself on record by predicting a rise later in the year to $10 for prime hogs and in all probability prices have not Vet attaincd their highest limit. The I cago market can absorb many more hogs than are offered there. and similar con— ditions exist in other important packing cities of the west and cast. ()ne ex- il't‘lllt‘l)’ important factor in the market is thc grcatly increased demand for fresh pork products, such as chops and pork for roasting, this being due in great measure to thc unusual dcarncss of beef and 0th; cr meats. for fresh poyk is decidedly (-hcapcr than any other mc ‘ \\'ith such conditions cxiSting, owncrs of healthy pigs will undoubtedly realize the import- ance of giving them the very best care and making them weigh up well when ready for marketing. Eastern packers “1.", forced by lack of sufficient supplies of logs in their home territory to make collslllel‘tllllc purchases from day to day 111 the (‘hicago market, usuallybselectini'r tho choiccr lots of light and medium butcher weights, and this creates compe- tition for theSe offerings. The Interstate Commerce Commission announced a ruling affecting express com- panics that will be. of great economic in- terest to the country. Express rates will be reduced by about 16 per cent of the gross income. of the several companies. This reduction will amount to about $260,000,000. Thu t‘tmimission also prescribes a so—cal- ed block system to be used by the com- names. This system will divide the Uni— ted States into 97:0 blocks, each of which averages about 2,500 square miles of ter- l’itory. By this means the 900,000,000 different rates now published by the ex- press- companies will be reduced to less tl‘an 650,000. It is the belief of this Com— mission that this change will affect a. simple. solution of the existing maze of freight rates. The new order is to be- cjme effective October 15 and will con- tinue for a period of two years. this provision being made to give the com- mission a chance to study the effect of the arrangement. \ the year made predictions of very' Chi? =4» i. ,1, 14‘ i SEPT. ,6,‘ 1913'. ‘ THIS' IS ‘THE FIRST EDITION. In the first edition the Detroit Live Stock Markets are reports of last week; markets are right up to date. gilliuggldzly's Detroit Live stock markets are given in the last edition. The first edition is mailed Thursday. the last'edi- tion Friday morning. The first edition is mailed to those who care more to get the paper early than they do for Thursday’s Detroit LiVe Stock market report. You may have any edition desired. Subscrib- ers may change from one edition to an- other by dropping us a card to that effect. DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS. Thursday's Market. Septmeber 4, 1913. Cattle. Receipts, 997. Market steady at Wed- nesday’s prices. We quote: Extra dry-fed steers and heifers, $8; steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200, $7.25@7.75; do. 800 to 1000, $7@7.25; grass steers and heifers that are fat, 800 to 1000, $7@7.25; do. 500 to 700, $5696; choice fat cows, $6; good do, $5.50@5.75; common do, $4.50@5; canners, $3@4.25; choice heavy bulls. $6.50; fair to good bolognas, bulls, $5.75@6.25; stock bulls, $5@5.50; choice feeding steers, 800 to 1000, $6.75@7.25; fair do, 800 to 1000, $6.25@6.75; choice storkers, 500 to 700, $6.50@6.75; fair do, 500 to 700. $55061) 6.25; stock heifers, $5@5.50; milkers, large, young, medim age, $60@85; com- mon milkers. $40@50. Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 4 butchers av 980 at $6, 1 cow weighing 950 at $4; to Breitenbeck 1 bull weighing 870 at $5.75; to Deck 18 feeders av 736 at $7.10, 6 stockers av 590 at $6.50, 4 do av 480 at $5.12; to Rattkowsky 3 cows av 960 at $5; to Kamman B. CO. 12 butchers av 832 at $6.25; to Mich. B. CO. 25 do 21v 922 at $6.65. 3 steers av 000 at $7; to Kull 1 steer weighing 710 at $6.75; to Clough 4 do av 772 at $6.50; to Rattkow- sky 1 cow weighing 570 at $5.50; to Sul— livan P. Co. 1 bull weighing 480 at $5.25, 2 do av 1485 at $6.25, 1 do weighing 1120 at $6, 2 (10 av 660 at $5.50, 4 cows nv 1012 at $5.75, 1 do weighing 850 at $4.50, 2 steers av 635 at $5.75, 3 COWs av 876 at $4.50, 4 do av 980 at $6, 1 do weighing 950 at $4. Roe Com. Co. sold Breitenbeck 5 cows av 974 at $5, 1 do weighing 1000 at $4.25; to Rattkowsky 5 do av 1040 at $5.50; to Mason B. Co. 1 bull weighing 900 at $6, 3 cows av 1053 at $5.75; to Torrey 10 stockers av 456 at $6; to Kulow 9 do av 446 at $6; to Goodwin 3 rows av 873 at $4.50; to Mich, B. Co. 2 bulls av 91021t $6. Bishop, B. & H. sold Fish 1 stocker weighing 540 at $6.50, 3 feeders av 783 at $7; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull weighing 640 at $5.50, 5 cows and bulls av 1020 at $6, 4 do av 1140 at $6.25, 1 cow weighing 010 at $5, 2 do av 985 at $5.25, 1 bull weighing 480 at $5.25; to Mich. R. Co. 7 steers av 900 at $7.40, 2 cows av 1185 at $6, 2 do av 935 at $5, 6 do av 985 at $5.75; to Spencer 6 do av 926 at $4.50; to Brei- tenbeck 8 butchers av 764 at $6.75, 4 do av 657 at $6. 4 steers av 920 at $7. 4 cows av 900 at $4.50; to Cooke 4 steers av 1090 at $8; to Sullivan P. Co. 5 bulls av 482 at $5.75; to Goose-5 butchers av 430 at $5.21., 2 do av 640 at $6; to Parker, XV. & Co. 1 steer weighing 1020 at $7.75; to Duff 2 stockers av 500 at $6.50, 4 do av 675 at $5.45; to Mason B. Co. 6 butchers av 700 at $6.50; to Hirschleman 7 do av 750 at $6.65; to Sullivan 1’. Co. S cows av 785 at $5. 7 butchers av 631 at $575. 3 cows av 866 at $4.75, 1 steer weighing 900 at $7.25, 6 butchers av 7,50 at $5.85, 3 do av 800 at $6.50, 3 do av 023 at $5.50; to Kull 22 steers av 820 at $7.10: to Marx 3 do av 677 at $6.25; to Bresnahan 12 butchers av 530 at $5.90; to Austin 2‘. :tockers av 777 at $5.35; to Parker, W. & Co. 4 cows av 895 at $4; to Thempson Bros. 3 do av 797 at $4.50. Haley & M. sold Breitenbeck 2 heifers av 845 at $6.50. 1 cow weighing 910 at $4.50; to Grant 9 butchers av 536 at $5.90, 3 do av 666 at $6.35, 2 cows av 1005 at $6.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 4 bulls av 482 at $5.25, 10 butchers av 820 at $6.65, 2 cows av 107?, at $6.25. 1 bull weighing 960 at $6.25, 2 butchers av 575 at $5.25, 8 do :IV 576 at $6. 1 cow weighing 1100 at $5.60, 2 bulls av 610 at $5.25. 2 do av 700 at $5.50; to Applcbaum 2 cows av 1040 at $5.65, 3 do av 907 at $4.75; to Goose 6 butchers av 408 at $5.50; to Fish 1 steer weighing 880 at $6.75. 2 stockers av 645 at $6.75. 3 do av 680 at $6.75. 2 do av 665 at $6.65; to Kull 7 steers av 814 at $7, 1 bull weighing 920 at $6, 5 heifers av 632 at $6.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 2 cows av 925 at $3.75, 2 do av 955 at $4.25; to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull weighing 1050 at $6: to Ludwig 1 stockcr weighing 600 at $6. 12 do av 562 at $6.50, 12 do av 530 at $6.30; to Mich. R. Co. 1 steer weighing 920 at $7. 1 bull weighing 1760 at $6.50; to Applcbaum 1 heifer weighing 710 at $6.50. 2 cows av 770 at $5.15: to Cooke 7 butchers av 736 at $6.40; to Snow 24 stockers av 448 at $6.25. Allington sold Ludwig 18 stockers av 700 at $6. \Veeks sold Newton B. Co. 13 butchers av 807 at $6 Sagne sold Bresnahan 6 heifers av 505 at . . Allington sold Marx 3 cows av 937 at $5.60, 5 steers av 780 at $6.65. ‘ Veal Calves. Receipts, 385. Market $116512; others. $4510.75. Spicer & R. sold Parker, 1V. & Co, 1 weighing 250 at $10. 2 av 135 at $12. 4 av 150 at $12, 3 av 206 at $10. 3 av 156 at $11, 1 weighing 170 at $12. 2 av 160 at $12. 2 av 205 at $11.50: to Mich. B. (‘0. 1 weighing 340 at $8: to Goose 2 av 290 at $10.25. Haley & M. sold Anplebaum 3 av 225 at $8: to Newton B. Co. 3 av 185 at $11. 5 av 160 at $11.50; to Parker. W. & Co. 1 weighing 300 at $8. 9 av 180 at $12: to Goose 7 av 210 at $10; to Mich. R. Co. 4 steady. Best, THE V'MICHIG‘AN av 220 at $9, 2 av 240 at $10, 5 av 165 at $11. ‘ Weeks sold Burnstine 4 av 155 at $12., Bishop, B. & H. sold Ratner 1 weigh- lng 370 at $6.50. 3 av 210 at $9.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 13 av 160 at $12, 6 av 210 at $11.50, 1 weighing 160 at $12, 5 av 165 at $11.50, 1 weighing 130 at $11.50; to Goose 14 av 250 at $6.75, 7 av 225 at $9.75, 6 av 165 at $11.50; to. Thompson Bros. 6 av 155 at $12; to Mich. B. Co. 1 weighing 220 at $9, 4 av 155 at $11; to Sullivan P. Co. 9 av 150 at $11.50. Sheep and Lambs. Receipts, 5995. Market steady with Wednesday. Lambs 50@75c lower than last week; sheep 250 lower. Best lambs, $7; fair to good lambs, $6.50@6.75; light to common lambs, $5@6.25; fair to good schfep, $3.75@4.25; culls and common, $2 w . Spicer & R sold Hayes 13 sheep av 60 at $4, 41 lambs av 60 at $6.50, 16 do av 65 at $5.50; to Sullivan P. CO. 52 do av 75 at $7, 37 do av 60 at $6.25; to Costello 24 do av 50 at $6; to Hayes 8 do av 45 at $5.25; to Mich. B, CO. 27 sheep av 100 at $4.25, 88 do av 76 at $6.75; to Thompson Bros. 40 do av 65 at $6.25; to Young 85 do av 70 at $6.65, 10 do av 45 at $5.50. Haley & M. sold Bray 143 lambs av 75 at $7, 96 sheep av 105 at $3.75; to Mich. B. Co. 17 do av 125 at $4; to Newton B. Co. 62 lambs av 73 at $6.65, 60 do av 65 at $7, 18 sheep av 80 at $3.75, 4 lambs av 80 at $7, 25 do av 58 at $6, 91 do av 75 at $7, 34 sheep av 115 at $4. Bishop, B. & Isl. sold Sullivan P. Co. 22 sheep av 100 at $4, 14 do av 90 at $3, 12 lambs av 48 at $5, 31 do av 67 at $6.50; to Newton B. Co. 147 lambs av 65 at $6.65, 4 sheep av 105 at $3.75; to llayes 31 lambs av 55 at $6. 32 do av 57 at $6; to Thompson Bros. 61 sheep av 90 at $3.60; to Calkins 37 do av 85 at $3; to Nagle P. Co. 26 do av 100 at $3.75, 69 lambs av 65 at $6.75, 17 do av 75 at $7, 30 do av 75 at $7, 6 sheep av 115 at $4; to Mich. B. Co. 28 do av 90 at $4. 24 do av 100 at $4, 6'). lambs av 73 at $6.50, 19 do av 60 at $7, 14 do av 50 at $6, 40 do av 65 at $6.75, 15 sheep av 110 at $4; to Sul- livan P. Co. 15 lambs av 55 at $5.75. Roe Com. Co. sold Barlage 40 lambs av 60 at $7, 15~sheep av 00 at $2.50, 41 do av 105 at $4: to Hammond, S. 8; Co. 30 lambs av 85 at $7. Hogs. Receipts, 2401. None sold up to noon, prospects as follows: Range of prices: Light to good butch- ers, 118.756.18.80; pigs, $8618.25; mixed, $8.75 «08.80; heavy, $8.50; stags one-third off. Bishop, B. & ll. sold Parker, \V'. & CO. ‘6th av 180 at $8.80, 310 av 170 at $8.75, 475 21v 180 at $8.70, 210 av 150 at $8.50. Roe, Com. Co. sold Sullivan 1’. Co. 250 av 190 at $8.80, 100 av 160 at $8.75. Spicer & R, sold Hammond, S & C0. 64 av 190 at $8.80. 120 av 160 at $8.70. Haley & M. sold same 210 av 190 at $8.80, 110 av 165 at $8.70. Friday’s Market. August 30, 1913. Receipts this week, 14-11; last week, 1316; all grades steady. We quote: Dry-fed steers and heifers, $8618.25; steers and heifers. 1000 to 1200, 55750011775; do. 800 to 1000. 3561561750; grass steers and heifers that are fat. 800 to 1000. $6.75(w7.50; do 500 to 700, $5.50@) 6.50; choice fat cows, $6; good do., $5.50 ((125.75; common do. $450645; canners, $3 6174.25; choice heavy bulls, $6416.25; fair to good bolognas, bulls, 5355061575; stock bulls, $5075.25: choice feeding steers, ‘800 to 1000. $6.50@7.25; fair do.. 800 to 1000, $6616.50; choice stockers. 500 to 700, $6.25 ((16.95; fair (10.. 500 to 700, $5.25fi'i575; Stock heifers, $505.25; milkers, large. yming, medium age, $606: 80; common milkers, $406150. Veal Calves. Receipts this week, 633; last week, 539; market steady. Best, $116112; others. $8 @1050. Sheep and Lambs. Receipts this week, 4693; last week, 5350. Market steady at Thursday‘s open- ing. Best lambs, $7.75: fair to good (10., $7.25fii77.50; light to common 1511an, $5.50 €16.50; fair to good Sheep. $461,450; culls and common, $2.50@3.25. Hogs. Receipts this week, 3229: last week. 2633. Market steady. llange of prices: Light to good butchers, $0010.10; pigs. $0; light yorkers, $9fi‘9.10; heavy, $875409; stags one-third off. D. B. Zimmerman, of Pennsylvania, the large-<1 individual operator in cattle in the United States. Whose purchases in recent years in Mexico and in Texas have run upwards of 100 000 head, is a lead- ing bull on the future of the market. That probably explains his extensive pur— chase“. He. bought 60.000 Mexican cattle last spring and dipped them in 'l‘cxns to kill the splenetic fever tick and latcr shipped them to pastures‘in Kansas and South Dakota, bulk to tho latte“ slate. ”(‘attle are. not going to be (‘llP‘lD in the Fluted States for anoihc" flew-Be at leuFt.” Mr. Zimmwmun remarked at Chi- cago the other dav. “In my home state, Pennsylvania. hardly :1 farmer raises a steer calf but every fall and springr thou- sands of them go into the marl-vets to buy thin steers to feed. They’re the fel- lows, along with lens of thousands of oth- er farmers east of the Missouri river, who are creating high cattle prices. They will not raise a few cattle of their own. The western range production is short. it’s going to be shorter this year than last and another year we will see the most acute beef shortage. this country has ever had. Free meats from South Am- erica are not going to affect the Ameri— ("ill cattle growers’ market. South Am- erica has not the surplus supply which would be reouired in face of on“ grow— ing population. to effect a decline in the prices for our range and corn—fed beeves.” F A R‘ M E R flWlllllllllllllllIllllllllillllllllllHIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHAIIIli|lHIllllllllllllllilllllllllllll ‘-' ' E E llllllllllllllllllllr—r- Veterinary. :ll|llIllll|Illllllllllllll||I|lllllll|llllllllllllllllllll||llllllllllllllllI||l|lllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllfi CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S. Advice through this department is free to our subscribers. Each communication should state history and symptoms or the case in full; also name and address or writer. Initials only Will be published. Many queries are answered that apply to the same ailments. If this column is watched carefully you will probably find the desired informathn in a reply that has been made to someone else. When reply by mail is requested, it becomes private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must accompany the letter. Indigestion—Impure Blood—I have a five—year-old horse that I bought last spring; he was thin and out of condition; our looal Vet. treated him and he thrived nicely, but he has three bunches on hind quarters as large as my hand, one on each hind leg, situated about six inches above hock, and one on hip. These bunches are not tender, do not appear to bother him, but I would like to know how to remove them. G. F B, Kibbie, Mich. —-.\pply tincture iodine to bunches three times a week, give him 1 dr. potassium iodide and 2 ms. Donovan’s solution of arSenic at a dose two or three times a day. It is possible that the_ bunches should be cut out. .l’artial Dislocation of Stille Joint—Spin- al i’aralysis.—~—l have a. thrcc-year-old colt that is wrong in both hind legs. \Vhen bucking out of stall drags feet on Iloor and appears to be partially paralyzed. \\'hen traveling on road makes false mo— tions and when stepping oVer in stall blunders and staggers. This ailment, whatever it i5, has been gradually devel— oping for the past three or four weeks. I), S. 151., Kibbie. Mich. The colt may have spinal paralysis dchloping or it may be the stiffness is in stille joints. Apply equal parts turpentine, aqua am- monia and ovile oil to stille and spinal column three times a Week. Also give 1 dr. ground nux vomica and 1 dr. potas~ slum iodide at a dose in feed two ar three times a day. if you were, sure that there is no partial slipping out or place of stille cap, it would be needless to treat stifle joint. N‘Lvicular Disease-Stiflo Lameness.—.I have a mare 18 years old that has been lame 12 months in right i‘ore foot. By leading books and studying symptoms I am led to believe she has nuvicular dis- ease; besides, our local \"ct’. says she has. llave blistered hcr twice. 1 also have a i'our-year—old colt that has stillc lume- ness lie shows it most when stepping over in stall or backing M. S. (1,, Vas- sar, Mir-irwApply equal parts tincture cantharides. aqua ammonia. turpentine and raw linseed oil to stifle every two or three days. and you may we this same lliiiiment for coronct every four or five toys. Sidebone.——I would like to know what can be done to relieve a horse of lame- ness which is caused by sidebone. I am quite sure this bunch on quarter is caus- ing lameness. W. S. It, Freosoil, Mich. -~-\\'hen 1 meet with a case of this kind in my practice, 1 cast the bore. give him an anasthetic or apply cocaine and remove the lntlieral cartilage with as much care as possible, then allow the wound to heal. This (iporatlnll, if well done. is usually successful. if you have not already done so. apply one part red iodide mercury and four parts freSh lard to bunch once a week. Indigestion—d have a horse that is thin and weak. caused. i believe, on account of his having poor teeth. K. S.. Scottville. Mich—Your horse suffers from chronic indigestion and will be benefited by giv- ing him a tablespoont‘ul of ground gen- tian. a tablefi‘poonful of ground gingernnd a tablespoonful bicarbonate soda at a dose in feed three times a day. Barren Mares—I haVc two marcs which are about 10 and 12 years of age. that I wish to raise colts from, both of them come in heat regularly, remain in heat several days, but fail to get with foal. These mares have bccn bred several times to a horse that is a fairly sure foal getter. I’. 11., .iellairc, Mich—1t is possible that neck of womb is closed, which if opened just before she is mated, will get with foal. 1 would also suggest that you inject her with a solution made by dissolving 2 ozs. of cooking soda in ihrcc pints of tepid water and wash her out when she comes in heat, or at least a few hours before she is served. Ililelllllilllslll.""l have several pigs three months old that wunmcnccd going a lit- tle lzunc in hind lcgs four weeks ago; their joints swell, thcy wnlk stiff and this swelling of joints appcnrs to harden, but they nearly all have good appetites. Can you tell me what this ailment is and what to-do for them? li‘. L. .I.. Charlotte, Mich. Feed your pigs less corn, more cuts, oil meal. tankugc. etc. live each of them 5 grS. sodium salicylato at a dose twice a day. llub their joints once a day with the following linimcnt; Mix equal parts aoa ammonin, turpentine and olive oil together. Your pigs should be kept dry, allowed to exercise. and kept out in the fresh air and sunshine. at least a part of the day. especially morn- ing and evening. Chronic Garget.»—l would like to know if garget is. an infectious ailment, if al— lowed to go on and become chronic is it curable? W. F}. T.. Rockford. Mich... Congestion of the udder (garget) is met with in heavy milkers before and after calving and is greatly aggravated by ex— posure to storms or the udder meeting with bruises or such exciting causes, G-ir- get is also brought on by infection through teat opening or from sudden changes of food fed them soon after calv- 19—207' * ing. Give her 2 drs. potassium iodide at a dOSe night and morning and apply one part carbolic acid and 15 parts olive oil. It is needless for me to say how much it benefits a case of this kind to foment the udder with hot water 30 or 40 min- utes three times a day. The cow should be milked clean. Bacterial infection through, teat opening produces garget and the ailment is communicated from one cow to the other, usually by the milker. Hog Cholera.—VVe have had some young pigs die in the last week and are at a loSs to know the cause. First symptoms are stiffness, walking lame and before they die have a rash on belly. Our local Vet. was at a loss to know what ailed them and wrote to Lansing, giving symp- toms, and they replied, stating it was cholera. Having had several sick ones I am inclined to believe it is a contagious or infectious trouble and I am anxious to know what to do. N. Y. 19., Clarkston. Mich—You had better place this matter in your VetS. hands and he will no doubt give them vaccine serum treatment, which is the best. Ship 0r Store Your ONIONS _._.... A“— i STANDARD CRATE in every market. Certified legal bu. container (N.Y.City) Best money can buy for Fruits and Vegetables Strongest field and storage crate made—almost indistructible. Write Today for new catalogue. GUMMER MFG. 00., Cadillac, Mich. ' War-ranted to Give Sailslacllon. Gonrhault’s caustic Balsam lla; lmilalors Bul llo Competitors. A Safe, Speedy and Positive Cure for Curb, S lint. Sweeny, Capped Hook, Straine Tendons, Founder, Wind Pufl's, and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone and other bony tumors. Cures all skin diseases or Parasites. Thrush, Diphtheria. Removes all Bunches from Horses or Cattle. A: a Human Remed for Rh ' Bgrains, Sore Throat, ¥3bcu it is i‘iiuglfiitdiil'elf. jvery bottle of Caustic Balsam sold is Wax-ranted to give satisfaction. Price $1 50 per bottle. Sold by druggists or sent by lax- hreddwl “Wm. testimonials, etc. Address p ve circumrs. the Lawrence-Williams 00., Cleveland. 0. It'll NERAL :5 o,,,..l'""u% "dig:- 01-1 EAVE 2 <7, y“enslvunnr .‘ A 1],, .774 ‘. ngeeef [47; . ., ,5 HE . ES 83 Package OUR1E8 any case or money iel‘undcd 8.2123533238633331? it‘d... 513267.151??? WeWamHAYismw' . We get the top price on consignments, make liberal advaneem . is and prompt remittances. Daniel McCaflrey’s Sons Co. PITTSBURG, PA. “‘ W " —‘ Trust!“ , ,,.or|nybankincity FAR M E Rs—We are saying 5c above the 1 id . Qfiicral etrort Market for ggrwinfiorgfiigglpfsd {ililrect to us bxexpress. Write us . w pay you. merlcan Butter & Cheese (10.. 31-33 Griswold 8L. Detroit. Mich. Potatoes. A nles. We pay highest market price 52.:- :3: lo a. The I. I.. Richmond 00.. Detroit, 0 . Responsible representatives wanted. ,’ . Ii .4", 208—20 v \ «g 3) l l 3:» T L7 \ fi ’- d Best-Hat ”/of Farm Tasks ON the spreaderless farm the thought of the great heaps of manure piling up constantly in barn yards, stables, and stalls, IS a gloomy one. Those piles mean much disagreeable and hard work. Three times every bit must be handled. It must all be loaded onto high wa ons. It must be raked off in piles in the fields. Then every forkfu must be shaken apart and spread. _ .Compare that old-fashioned method with the spreader way. You pitch the manure into the spreader box, only waist high, drive out and -——the machine does all the rest. And, far more important, if you buy an I ‘H C spreader one ton of manure will go.as far as two tons spread by hand, with the same good effect on the sell, and it will all be spread evenly. l H C Manure Spreaders are farm necessities. The man who uses one will get the price of it back in increased crops before its newness has worn off. I H C spreaders are constructed according to plans in which eve detail, every feature, is made to count. They are built to do best wor under all circumstances, and to stand every strain for years. They are made in all styles and sizes, for small farms and large, low and high machines, frames of braced and trussed steel. Uphill or down, or on the level, the apron drive assures even spreading, and the cover- ing of corners is assured by rear axle differentials. In all styles the rear axle is placed so that it carries near three-fourths of the load. This, with the wide-rimmed wheels with Z-shaped lugs, makes for plenty of tractive power. Winding of the beater is prevented b large diameter and the beater teeth are long, strong and chisel pointed: A thorou h examination of the I H C spreader line, at the store of the local ealer who sells them, will interest Hon. Have him show you all these points and many more. Study t e catalogues you can get from him, or, write the " International Harvestert gompany of America ncorpora e U s A Chicago BEST EVER SULKY AND GANG PLows Do the "t h Least Cost Per Acre The above illustration shows the BEST EVER SULKY completely turning under a large crop of weeds. The bottoms of the “BEST EVER” are so hung and the frame so perfectly balanced that an even furrow is maintained at all times. The moldboards are so shaped that every furrow is completely turned over and thoroughly pulverized. LIGHT DR AF The “BEST EVER" is the lightest draft plow built. The wheels and tongue run straight down the furrow like a wagon. The wheels do not dig into the furrow walls nor does the pole run at an angle as on other plows. EASE OF OPERATION The bottoms are raised and the frame leveled, all by one easy footlift operation. All landside friction can be quickly overcome by eccentric washer on rear furrow wheel. No bolts to bother with. DUR ABILITY THE BEST EVER PLOWS are made of the best steel and malleable iron. Wheels are of steel with dust proof caps. Oil but once a season. All shares of our famous ACME STEEL. ACME STEEL is the only perfect plow steel made. It makes the only steel shares that are positively guaran- teed against breaking in the field or in retempering. Anybody can easily re- temper them any number of times. Keep them hard and sharp all the time. They scour perfectly, lighten the draft, plow more acres per day and plow them better. “Acme Shares Don’t Break” §W Write today for FREE ILLUSTRATED BOOKLETS on BEST ‘0» ‘ '; EVER PLOWS and ACME STEEL SHARES " ~ ’“ MOLINE PLOW CO. “.7 Dept. 26 ' l‘r—i’ é MOLINE. ILL. f ‘3' Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor, .TH'E MICHIGAN FARMER. A MWWIIIWWWWWWWHWWWWW ease which attacks most all of the bramble berries, and is just as big in the raspberry business as its name. \Vhen translated into com- mon, everyday language this trouble is called raspberry scab, and it is probably the scabbiest scab agoing because there is nothing that man can do which will eradicate it. It is of such importance in the raspberry business that it is the limiting factor in the age of the rasp- berry plantation and is also a most pro- ficient destroyer of good cr0ps of fruit. THE raspberry anthracnose is a dis- a, proposition The disease is of a fungus nature but can not be controlled by spraying. Spray- ing apparently has no effect on it at all. It manifests itself by the whitish spots or blotches so commonly seen on the canes of raspberries and blackberries. Where each one of these blotches are the cambium layer of the cane, the part through which the sap flows, is entirely destroyed. Therefore an anthracnose spot acts as so much restriction to the Sap and when the spots become numerous the restriction becomes so great that the top starves and the fruit and leaves dry up. The anthrucnosc is the most com- mon cause of the fruit drying up just before ripening time. At that time there is a great demand for moisture to prop- erly ripen the fruit. and the cane in this diseased condition cannot supply it. In moist seasons the trouble is not as great because in such times, especially if there is plenty of rain at ripening time. the canes are more sappy and are able to supply enough sap, in spite of the an- thracnose, to mature the crop. The methods of control are only palli- ative ones. They jUSt delay the final conquering of the plantation by the dis- eaSe. Cultivation and pruning are the main methods of control. Cultivation will serve to keep the moisture in the ground and in that way help to prevent the drying up of the fruit and foliage. Cultivated plantations seldom suffer as badly as from the effects of this trouble, although they may have it as badly as those not cultivated. Pruning out the old canes immediately after fruiting and burning them up will take away a great source of infection to the remaining new canes. The old canes are generally pret— ty well covcred with the anthracnose, often quite badly at the lower part of the cane. It is also good policy to cut out the weak and spindly new canes so that all of the sap and food material will go to the remaining canes. This disease has made the old practice of leaving the old canes until spring a thing of the past when efficiency in raspberry growing is considered. The good it does by keeping the new canes from being broken down by the snows is more than overcome by the infection they get from old canes. The black raspberry is more seriously troubled by this disease than any of the other brambles. It has limited the aver- age life of a black-cap patch to about Seven or eight years, and in most of the places where this fruit has been grown for canning purposcs it has been dis— carded and one of the purple caps grown instead. Some, vurictics of black-cups are more susceptiblc to it than others. Cumberland, one of the best black-cups grown, has as its chicf objection its sus— ccptibility to this trouble. Gregg is also quite susceptiblc to it, whilc lilock Diu- mond seems to be fairly immune to it. Kansas and Eureka nrc also good in that rcspcct. \\'hilc the red blackberries and purplc-caps arc attacked by this trouble they arc npn‘c immune to it than the black-cap. and it is not often that the fruit will dry up before ripening on amount of ii. llowcvcr, the disease will greatly shoricn tbc livcs of plantations of thcsc fruits and will often cause the fruit to bc small. The only way to grow black ries now is to renew the plantation about every eight years. if possiblc put the new planting in a plucc not occupied by raspberries before and have them as for frOm old patches as possible. in many places where black raspberries have been grown extensively it is hardly possible to raspberries. raspber- gct a good patch started. The sugges- tions regarding cultivation and pruning should be diligently followed throughout the life of the patch. In many cases an application of manure will help consid- erably. Grow the varieties most resist- ant to the disease in your looality. The purple-cap, the substitute for the black-cap for canning purposes, is a croSs between the red raspberry and the black raspberry. It is a very vigorous SEPT. 6, '1913. . The Destructive Raspberry AnthraCnose. grower and prolific bearer. The fruit is large but somewhat soft and therefore will not do for shipping purposes. It is, however, the ideal berry for home and canning purposes. It resists the an- thracnose quite well. The most popular variety is the Columbian. Cardinal and Haymaker are also good varieties. Van Buren Co. FRANK A. VVILKEN. RENOVATING THE STRAWBERRY BED. Mowing and burning of the vines is recommended by many growers as the best method of treatment for an old strawberry bed that is to be held over fer another year. There may be condi- tions where this method may be advan- tageously followed. This is especially true where there are insect pests to con- tend with, for many will be destroyed in the fire. Moreover, the treatment will leave the ground nice and clean and free from all refuse that might interfere with cultivation. To secure a good job conditions must be favorable. The material must be dry, and a brisk wind blowing to make quick and effective work, that the plants may not be injured by the fire. But ideal ronditions for effective work are not of- ten to be had and this is one reason why I have never made this method a prac- tice. Another reason is that I object to the destructiOn of so much material that can be turned to so good an account by returning it to the soil to increase the humus therein. The method followed by us is to mow off the vines and then give the field a. good raking with a horse hay rake. This will remove the greater share of the rub- bishevleaveS, runners, and straw, or whatever material was used for a mulch. This is drawn off and stored in piles to be used again as a winter protection for the strawberry plants. This done, the ground is given a good working with a horsc cultivator. the ground being made fine and mellow to a depth of several inches. Where the hedge row plan of culture is practiced, practically the en- tire surface of the field may be treated in this manner: but with the matted row plan the ground between the plants that comprise the row must be loosened and fined with a hoe. Lndcr proper condi- tions the old plants will send out new roots in abundance and likewise leaves and runners. These last should be re- moved as they appear if the best results are to be secured. \Vith right care, good tilth and abundant fertility in soil. It strz’iwbcrry bed will often give nearly as good rcSults the second year as the first. But where grass and weeds are allowed to (-I'ecp in and rob the plants of sun- light, moisture and plant food, it is not often that the second crop pays. In maintaining the earth mulch over the entire surface of the field, the horse wcedcr may be made to play an import- ant part. A mere scratching of the sur- face soil is all that is necessary to pre- vent the crust formation; this the weed- or teeth will do to perfection, working close up to thc base of the plants. This tool is especially serviccublc where the method of planting is other than the hedge row system. Since a large area. may be covcrcd quickly with this tool a considerable saving of time and labor is cffcctcd. M. N. EDGEn'rON. NEARLY FOUR MILLION TREES PORTED. IM- According to figures compiled by the fcdcral quarantine board of the Depart- ment of Agriculture, 3.771l,041 growing trees and 15,040 pounds of‘ tree seeds wcrc imported into the United States during the past fiscal year. The trees includc valuable species that do not grow in this country and Stock which can at present bought more cheaply abroad than at home. The tree seeds imported are largely for the purpose of reforest- ing land, though in a number of cases they urc used in ornamental planting on individual estates. Besides more than seven tons of tree seeds. many thousands of pounds of seed of pcrcnninl and annual plants, bulbs, and fruit stock, as well as ornamental shrubs, are imported. The greater part of the tree seeds, or more than 7,000 lbs. comes from Germany. France led in the number of growing trees sent here, with 21 total of 1,782,255, Germany second with 849,245, and Holland third, with 690,632. Thirteen other countries, including In- dia, Japan, and Australia, also sent trees to the United States. he" SEPT. 6, 1913. flllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllIllllllllllllIllllllllllIllllllllllllllllHE Practical Science. gig—:1llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllIlllIlll|IIlll|lllllllllllllllllllllllFm LA BO RATO RY RE PORT. AppIying lee After Plowing Clover Sod. I have a. few acres on which there is just a fair stand of clover that I am turning under, but believe that the son is slightly acid and that I can get. a better future crop of clover by correcting this acidity by sowing from 300 to 500 lbs. of air-slakcd lime per acre. In turn- ing under the clover the roots are at or near the surface and what I want to know is. will the lime sown on this plow~ ed ground and narrowed in have any detrimental effect on the clover or the nitrogen stored in its roots? I want to sow the lime but hesitate to do it for the reason that a large part of it will be harrowed right in with the clover roots and a considerable portion reach the clo- ver. Advice on this subject through your paper will be appreciated. Jackson Co. 1". A. M. Regarding the question above, will say that we do not anticipate any undesir- able reSults from the treatment with air-slaked lime as proposed. The clover plants will be able to stand quite a se- vere treatment in this respect and we should not hesitate to go ahead and har- row the lime into the soil. Ropy Bread. I am inclosing a bit of bread and some of the flour from which it was made. This bread was baked yesterday. It gets sticky and salvey and we cannot eat it, and can Fmell it all over the house. I have wondered if the flour was not adul- terated in some way. Can you analyze it and tell me what the trouble is? Huron Co. Mrs. O. T. J Regarding the sample of flour, we are unable to find any evidence of any adul- teration whatever therein. but we have located the trouble and it is in the bread; not in the workmaship but some- hbw or other a culture of bacteria has beCOme started therein which causes the condition commonly known among bak- ers as “ropy” bread. This occasionally happens in a bakery and when it does happen it causes, as you may imagine. very serious annoyance for it spoils the taste of the bread. You can imagine that in a bakery which is supplying the peo- ple of a large city to have anything like this happen means not only an incon- venience but serious financial loss as well. In some instances it has become serious enough to completely ruin the trade of a bakery. The only way to remedy the condition is to have a thor- ough renovation of the bakery and we would suggeSt in this instance that you thoroughly renovate your pantry and kitchen Where. you make your bread. that all of your tins be not only washed thor- oughly as is your custom. but that these bread tins, and bread knives be put into a large boiler, covered with water and thoroughly boiled. It well to have these utensiIS. being careful that every single utensil which is used by you in making bread. put into the boiler and boiled for a half hour. The bread board may be included in this treatment if it is small enough so that one side of it may go down into the boiler. Then when this end has been boiled long enough turn it over and allow it to boil on the other side in such a way that the whole bread board becomes thoroughly treated with the boiling water. Remember that sim- is ply scalding these utensils will not do. They must be boiled for a half-hour. Then in another pan place all of your dish towels and diSh cloth. cover with water and boil in a like manner for a half hour. Then the shelves where your pans are kept and all of the kitchen ta- ble and other places where you do your baking and cooking should be thoroughly cleaned and scoured once more. “'e have no doubt that these conditions are now, as far as the cupboard and tables are concerned all that could be expected but it is our position to leave no stone un- turned to cover thoroughly the field and so without any exception we should fol- low thoroughly the treatment we have herein advised. CORRECTION IN FAIR DATES. The Cheboygan County Fair ‘will be held at Wolverine Sept. 24-25-26, instead of September 17-19, as previously an- nounced. WANTED. At once, a. few men who are hustlers, for soliciting. No experience necessary. Good salary guaranteed and expenses paid. The work is dignified, healthful and instructive. In writing give references and also state whether you have a horse and buggy of your own. Address Box J. F.. care Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich. THE MICHIGAN FARMVER 21—209 inoTEci‘ vuunuoas FllllM DISEASE fl! Prove ho .. of i’ure Bred Poland Ohinaa. will drive out these pests quick. Don’t Send An! "A lot of hogs died in this county from swine plague or cholera. Some of them were within three miles of me. but I have been feeding Sal-Vet. and have not. lost a single . —D. A. ROSS, Kingman. Kane. Bree er [1! M Y_og Prevent Your Losses; Q! 92! fl_i¢_l of the Worms i_t_l Lt £1! git—11$ Before you Pa! Iii—0W is The Time for you to get rid of the deadly stomach and free intestinal worms—the pests that sap the strength and vitality of your farm animals, making them easy victims of cholera and other diseases. Read these Letters. They prove that “a stitch in time saves nine." '_‘As the hog cholera is prevalent all through this section. have been ceding Sal-Vet to my huge. Since then. I never saw them in better condition. in spite of the fact. that all around me the cholera is carryin them off by the hundreds."—W. J. BROOK . Diggs. Va. Hogs free from worms are best protected against Cholera and Swine Plague and most apt to recover when attacked. Read the letters in the next column. Worms are your greatest enemies—worse than cholera—they are everlastingly stealing your stock profits— weakening your farm animals and keeping them from putting on flesh. And worst of all in times like this when cholera breaks out in your neighborhood, you may lose hundreds of dollars in a few days just because your animals have been robbed of their fighting strength and vitality by worms. The Great Worm Destroyer and Conditioner I’ll prove it on your own farm with the money in your pocket. Worms can’t live where Sal-Vet is used. It is the best kind of cholera insurance you can find. It will put every animal on your place in a thrifty condition. They’ll gain faster—grow into money quicker, make you more profit. Read my ofl’er. I’ll Feed Your Stock Edits—em E?! If you will fill out the coupon below—tell me how many head of stock you have—mail it to me, I will ship you enough Sal-Vet to last them 60 _ days. You simply pay the small freight charge when it arrives. Let your stock run to it freely according to directions and at the end of 60 days, report results. Sal-Vet does not do what I claim, I’ll cancel the charge. You won’t owe me a cent. SIDNEY R. FEIL. Presldont (111) 0...er — clovelami. Ohio Your Stock THE S. R. FEllc COMPANY, Mfg. Chemists Stops losses lmongi Farm Animals. “Hog cholera has been all around me and I have not had one sick hog I can- not praise "Sal-Vet" too highly. and I do not. hesitate to recommend it to all hog raiser-s.” A. O. Kellogg. I‘roy Grove. Ill. “Last year I lost all of my hogs from cholera. This fall and winter I have been feeding ”Sal-Vet" and lost. none." Cleveland Rice. Scort. Ohio. “My neighbors. who have NOT fed "Sal-Vet” have all kinds of trouble with their hogs—many of them getting lame and stiff. and would not. eat. I think “Sal-Vet" is great stuff.” Harry E. ’l‘ownley. Cambridge Springs. Pa. — “I have fed “Sal-Vet" to my sick hogs and found it very beneficial. Before your remedy arrived nine of my hogs died. Since feeding the preparation I lost but. one more and the balance are in fine hearty condition." (Signed) Joseph Walter. Route No. 2, Box 33. A. Freeburg, Ill. — "I have just finishedfeeding the BOG-lb. barrel of “Sal-Vet.” My hogs are the only ones left; in this immediate locality. I haven't lost one.” James F. Martin, Little York. Ill. “ “When I received your SAL—VET my hogs were very unthrifty—but they did not. stay that way long after feeding SAL-VET. I never had pigs do so well. They were soon in top condition. My hCI'SES also improved on it fine. It sure does get rid of the worms. Please send me another barrel at once.” I). l’. (Jopp, Carrol. Iowa. m “I had a lot; of sick hogs and I lost five of them. I began feeding them SAL-VET. my losses stopped and the hogs soon got into a fine. healthy condition. SALVET did the same for my sheep and horses and several of my neighbors have had the same experience with it." V. P. Underwood. Roachdale, Ind, PRICES: 401bs..$2.25:1001bs.,$5.00; 2001bs, $9.00; 30011.5..01300; 000 lbs.. $21.12: Special discount for large quantities. N0 order filled for less th 4 :hs,ll)llu:30 (luys offer. Novei'u‘solg n m ; only In Trude-M' l “Sal-Vet" Packages. or “ad 60 day trial shipments are based on 1 lb. of Sal-Vet for each hog or sheep and -1 lbs. for each horse or head of cattle as near as we can come Without breaking regular packages. If .. ... it!nwfwvvd'snagrfiw-jw‘nvraz-t-r :.~lr- qf‘v-fl :P 051’“ ' :“fi‘fl-a?" hi2.—fi'my"..«,rus.--.'i§&-..r.u:- - . 1 Is endorsed by the leading agriculg‘ ‘ ‘ tural experiment stations as the ‘\ best and most economical source of Phosphorus. ll ap-; pools to the intelligent farmer who utilizes na- ture's abundant sup-l ply of Nitrogen by. growing legumes and keeping his soil alive ed yields worthZZ.“ ' was obtmned u‘ at the Maryland Experiment Station ‘~ from lhc use of $l.96V. worth of Rock Phosphate per acre. In the last 5 years oi a IO ycar experiment at the Massachusetts Experiment Station the use ol Rock Phosphate llncrt-ascd the crop yields 45 per cent. [Write us for literature and prices. Mznllon lhli paper ’TAKE FARMERS "one: Besure and see our exhibit at the Michigan State Fair. Main Building. IllE WING SEED 00.. luckanicshurg. (thin. ’llllllhl‘ ( l l THE MICHIGAN FARMER. DETROIT. HIGH. Junwmlltll neighbors that you are after a watch YOU Start right away. your pocket and the day. the sooner you start the sooner telling you at a. glance the hour. the minute, and the second of Boys. here is the neat chance that ever was offered to get a good time—keeping watch without it costing you a cent. Read this over and then get busy, if you haven’t got the watch as good as in your prickct in a couple of hours, it's be— cause you don‘t want it bad enough. The watch is the real thing, Iii-Size. nicklc caFc. stem—wind and set. second hand, fine, watch movement. and keeps absolutely correct time. It’s fully guar- anteed and if you don‘t hammer tacks with it or take it apart. in fact. if you Will treat it as the friend it will prove to you, the manufacturer will keep it in repair for one year Without charge. That's fair, isn't it? Go to three of your neighbors who are not subseribers to The Michigan Farmer. or whose time has run out. tell them that you wrll have sent to them the Michigan Farmer (the best; farm paper in Ameri- ca), every week for a year (52 copies) for only 50 cents. Collect 50 cents from the three of them and send us the $1.50 you collect, together with the three names and addresses, and the watch will be sent to you at once, post paid. Easiest thing you ever did. The Mich- igan Farmer used to be $1.00 a year and now You only charge 50 cents, (less than one- cent a week). and by telling the will likely get the first three you ask. you have the watch ticking in The Michigan Farmer. Detrolt. Mlch. THE MICHIGANFAEMER Itiilifl _ “aw . .-- ‘17. ),, is: '7. a» w 9’7. Elk. Ah“ ',.- ~ A» ;.-'..>' W xiv-“>9 Yes—it i: very attractive. Roofing. It’s the acknowledged standard tractive shades of red and green. Roofings NEPnNSET roofings are a fire protection. leakproof and long lived. Anyone can lay them. NEPnNsET Paroid Roofing is for general use. NEPUNSET Proslatc Roofing is an ornamental roofing for dwellings. Attractive colors. engineers and everywhere. Are you going to build? ested. giRD & so lllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllillllilillflllililllillflflliflllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllIlilllllllllllllilllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilll Est. 1795 Fix Your Roo You can make the old worn-out tin, iron, steel, felt or gravel roof give you as much service as a new roof and you can double the life of that old shingle roof. ROOF-Fl Cures Roof Troubles and keeps them cured. Cost slight. One coat. does the Work. In black and red. Ready for use. Absolutely guaranteed to do the work. Write at once for the free Roof Book. Address 6. E. CONKEY 00., 3339 Woodland Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. This Roof is an Insurance against Fire And it’s “spark-proof” too. Stained shingles “look" nice—but no better than NEPDNSET Proslate And here the comparison ends. shingle roof and your house—your home—goes up in smoke. Proslate resists lirc~there‘s no danger of the roof catching fire from flying sparks—if your roof is NEPDNSET Proslate. Costs less than shingles. from fire alone is worth its entire cost. NEPoNsET Waterproof Building Products Building Papers If NEPDNSET Waterproof Building Papers are built into walls and floors. the building will be warmer. will cost less to heat and will last years longer. Recommended by architects. Write for more facts about the products in which you are inter- Send for samples, free booklet and name of nearest NEPDNSET dealer. 654 Neponset St., E. Walpole, Mass. ‘7. W. BIRD & SON] New York Chicago Canadian Plant: Shingles catch fire like kindling Let burning embers fall on a NEPDNSET In at- Its protection high-grade prepared roofing. Wall Board NEPDNSET Wall Board is a scientific product which takes the place of lath and plaster; comes in sheets 32 inches wide. Remember. it is the only wall board with waterproofed sur- faces that requires no further decoration.Ariyonecanputitup. building owners Washington Portland, Ore. San Francisco Hamilton, Ont. free. Just send us measure of T}. wagon skeins-—we’ll send wheels to fit. _ Put them to every test, for every kind of hauling: prove for yourself that: they are better, stronger, easrer running than any wheels you ever used—they End Drudgery of High Llftlng and Save 25% of the Draft Will make your old wagon good as new. Soon pair for themselves in saving of repair bills. If not n_ l we say, return—~trial costs younothing. _Get our big free book and free trial offer; also special offer on Em ire Farmers’ Handy Wagons—~20 st 19:. ElfPIBE MG. 00.. Box 89A 011 cy, Ill. Michigan White Cedar FENCE POSTS GEORGE M. CHANDLER. Onuwny. Mich. POULTRY. Barred Rock Bockersls and Hens, Bargain Prices W. O. OOFFMAN. R. No. 6, Benton Harbor, Mich. BAR CAI N S . 533.335.322.801? ill £23353: duced rices. also half grown oockerels and pullets. Mrs. illis Bough, Pine Crest Farm. Royal OahMich. l. ' Barred Rock. R. 1. Reds. Mum- Pfizo Winning moth Pekin and I. Runner ducks. Stock for sale. Eggs $1. $2. . per set. Utility§6 per_100. ELMWOOD FARM. R. B. No. 13. Grand Rapids. Mich. COLUMBIA Wyondcttes. Winners at Ohioago,Grand Ba ids. South Bend and 8t Jose h. Stock and eggs. RICH RD SAWYER, Benton leVER LACED. golden and whiteWysndottes. Eggs for hatching at reasonable prices: send for circular. Browning’s Wyandotte Farm; it. 30. Portland. Mich. LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY his??? fi."n’?°a‘i‘r&“‘liib.°iowio‘;f’§i‘a%fn °“' COLON O. LILLIE. Coopennlle. Mich. arbor, Michigan, ' —N ted for size, vigor and as pro- 'I"I. "imam“ (ligation. 1913 circular re y_ in February. A. FRANKLIN SMITH. Ann Arbor. Mich. DOGS. IIOIIIIIS Hill Illlllllllfi “3.9133552“ FEIIRETS 80nd20 stamp. W. E. LECKY. Holineeville. Ohio FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS of the but English strains in Ameri- ca; 40 years ex fluxes in b in; these fine houn s for my on sport, I now offer them for sale. Send stem tor Catalogue. t. I. uusmrl. list-y. Jul-on mum, 1914 Storm Buggy AtaSav-lng of $25 to $40 Phelps exceeded all previous ef- forts withhisclassy SplitHwkory Storm Buggy. You can ride in _ comfort—free from wind, cold,_or - storm. Double strength glass wm- dows—rubber cushioned-can’t rat- , f.“ tle—can be opened on four Sides Guaranteed 2 167,000 Phelps : customers to date. Mail postal today for money saving offer. Address ’ II. C. Phelps. Pres. The Ohio Carriage Mfg. 00. Station Bil Columbus. Ohio ,7 PUMP GRIND SAW {filling ‘ Wood Mills are Best. Engines are Simpel Feed Grinders, Saw Frames. Steel Tanks CATALOGUES FREE AGENTS WANTED Perkins Wind Mill & Guise Co. Est. 1860 13!) tum st. Mishswsh. Ind. SAVE YOUR CORN TIIE FREELAND CORN CRIB is absolute roof against rats. mice. birds and re. Made of perforated galvanized sheet steel, is practically indestructible. urea corn perfectly. sy to erect. Write for illustrated catalog of sizes, prices and all details. Pioneer Manufacturing Company, Middleliury, Indiana. gillll|IlllllI|lllllllllllllllllllllllll||llllll|lllll|||Illllll|IllIll|lll|ll|lllIll|||||IlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllE Poultry. E Stillllllllll||IlllllllIllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllllllllIlll|I|IllIlllllUlllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll I'Frl SELECTING AND CONDITIONING WINTER LAYERS. Careful select-ion of the fowls that are apt to be kept for winter egg producing, and getting them into condition to pro- duce a maximum yield of eggs, will more than repay one for the time and trouble taken. Not only is it advantageous from many points of view, but it is necessary if one expects a satisfactory yield of Win- ter eggS. The principal reason for mak- ing early selections is to get uniform fowls of the right age at the right time, but it is also necessary that they be properly fed and cared for so that they will be brought to the laying point at the earliest pOSSible date. No pullet can be expected to mature at an early period if She is improperly fed and cared for. If the pullets are giv- en free range they will gather bugs, worms and grecn food and get sufficient exercise to keep them healthy, but it is a serious mistake to think that because a yOung chicken picks up a great deal while roaming about the farm it does not need other food. Animal foods and succulent green food must be supple- mented by some form of grain to pro- duce satisfactory results. It is surprising the quantity of food that young pullets will consume. It is almost impossible to overfeed them. for, unlike the hen in laying condition, they take on fat very slowly. If, however, they are improperly fed and do not ob- tain a proper variety of food they will not grow, either in size or weight. and will be very slow in coming to the laying pOint. 0n the farm where pullcts have plenty of range, hopper feeding gives very sat- isfactory resultS; that is, certain food is put into a self-feeding,r hopper where it is always available. In this way the chicken can choose at various times the kind of food it prefers, and cat as much as it wants at any time of the day. This method of feeding saves a great deal of time—an important item when other farm work is pressing. If, however, there are sevoral large hoppers, but little at- tention now and then is needed to keep them thriving. k Experience in Feeding. Various rations have been found sat- ianctory for those young fowls. Of course, these rations must be regulated in quantity and variety to suit loculcon- (litions. and changes may be necessary as the supply of natural foods on the range increaSes or diminishes. It is the writer’s experience with “hits. Plymouth SEPT. 6, 19.13. . Frosts and chilling winds retard side. their development and cause a serious setback from which they are slow to re- cover. The habit of roosting outside can easily be broken up by chasing them in- to the coop just at dusk and shutting them in until morning. With this re- peated for a few nights the majority of them will give no futher trouble. As cold weather approaches they must have plenty of neurishing food and must be pushed in every possible way so that they will begin laying before ,severe weather begins. Any pullet that does not begin laying before the first extreme- ly cold weather will seldom lay many eggs during December and January. It is better to get the pullets in candition early in the season if we are working for a supply of eggs when top-notch prices are ruling. New York. W. MILTON KELLY. 5—... POULTRY FEEDING.—-Ill.w No one ration is best for all feeders, but some may be considered more eco- nomical than others—more easily obtain- ed or more palatable to the fowls. The ratiOn may be considered in three separate part8, because it is usually fed in these parts, viz., the grain, the green feed, and the mash. Green stuff is chiefly valuable as a. medicinal food. It greatly aids digestion and keeps the fowls in a healthy state. Some green food must always be given if the best results are to be expected. Concentrated foods should mainly be fed because. of their richness in protein, which element is generally lacking to fl. greater or less extent in the common feeds raised on the farm. About four gallons of water is used by 100 hens per day. This, coupled with the fact that a large percentage of a fowl’s body is water, likewise the egg, shows the great necesfity of supplying chickens with plenty of water. Grit is absolutely necessary [for the proper grinding and assimilation of the food eaten by chickens, especially all kinds of grains. In order to have your chickens do their best it is of prime importance that you supply them with some kind of mineral matter, since mineral matter is needed for the formation of bone and egg shells. It is, to supply this need that bone meal is added to mast rations. About one pound of oyster shells contains sufficient lime for the shells of seven dozen eggs. The following are a few sample rations for the feeding of fowls for egg produc- tion or growth. They have all been thor- oughly tried out and have always given the best of results: The grain portion consists of 20 lbs. cracked corn and 20 lbs. wheat. The dry mash portion of 6 lbs. corn meal, 6 lbs. wheat middlings, 3 lbs. ~ A Snug and Substantial Poultry Rocks that equal parts of wheat and cracked corn, thoroughly mixed together. makes an ideal ration for pullets that have free range. If the range is small or overcrowded at times when bugs and worms are not plentiful, it is advisable to supplement the corn and wheat with a dry mash composed of 5 lbs. of beef Scraps, 2 lbs. bonemeal, 1 lb. charcoal, 5 lbs. corn meal and lbs. wheat bran well mixed and fed in hoppers. An abundant supply of fresh, clean water must always be available, and kept in a place where‘ the sun cannot shine upon it. An impure water supply is a frequent source of disease. .As the pul- lets approach the laying point a plentiful supply of oyster shells must be kept be- fore them. Ordinarily fowls on a farm will be able to pick up sufficient grit, but when they are not able to get out- side it is well to supply some sharp, clean grit. As the weather changes in the fall it is poor policy to let the pullets roost out- 5 House of Cement Block Construction. 5 lbs. beef Scrap and 1 1b. of oil meal. This ration has n nutritive ratio of 1:4.8. Some kind of green food should be fed in connection with it. A balanced ration for 100 lieiiS, weigh- ing about 400 pounds, is the following: wheat bran, 6 lbs, cracked corn and 6 lbs. wheat for the grain portion. For the dry mash. 2% lbs. bran, 1/2 lb. alfalfa meal, 21/2 lbs. corn meal, 1 lb. oil meal, 1%: lbs. shorts. 1/2 lb. beef scrap and 1 lb, coarse bone meal. Here is another good one: 2 lbs. cracked corn, 2 lbs. wheat and 2 oats. For the dry mash, 3 lbs. bran, 2 lbs. shorts, 21/2 lbs. corn meal, 1 lb. al- falfa meal, 15 lb. beef scrap and 1 lb. coarse corn meal. of lbs. It is advisable to always feed some green food in connection with these rations. , New York. F. W. anmnmn. Ducks are seldom troubled with lice, neither do they have cholera .or roup. 4‘ i THE MICHIGAN FARMER Ellllllllllllllllllll|IIll|liiIllHIllllllllllllllfllfliliilllllll||I|llllililllilflilllilllilllllllllilllllllliiiiliifi Address all communications relative to the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich, TH E CLUB VACATION. This is vacation season for many of the local Farmers’ Clubs, a considerable num- ber of which do not hold meetings during the midsummer months. Much of the fu- ture success of the Clubs which observe this practice depends upon the zest with which the members return to the work after this vacation period. If the mem— bers of every Club which has taken a. vacation during the midsummer months return to- the work with the determina- tion to make the remaining months of the year more profitable. from a Club stand- point, than those of the previous year, then that Club is bound to be benefited rather than harmed by this vacation period. One of the very best ways of making the work of the Club more progressive and valuable is to broaden its scope, in- terest more members, particularly the younger people of the commnuity, and if practicable do' a little missionary work in the surrounding community by way of promoting the organization of other Clubs. Such a. determination on the part of not only the Clubs which haVe missed meetings during the summer months. but all others as well would give the Club movement a new impetus in Michigan. May we hope for such results this year. CLUB DISCUSSIONS. A “Home-Caming" Meet—The home- coming meeting of the Columbia Farmers’ Club met at the spacious home of Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Hewitt with a good at- tendance. in spite of the heat a good time was enjoyed by all, guests being present from Detroit. Lansing. Jackson. Napoleon. The meeting was called to order by President Palmer and all joined in singing from the Club song book. ltoil call was responded to by “licininis- cences.” Mrs. Flora. Vining read a paper. “Social Reciprocity Between City and Country," discussion led by Miss Mae Crego and many others. A recitation, “Her Sermon," by Mrs. Diana Palmer was enjoyed by all. “How and \\'liy of Crop Rotation," by Walter Reading. dis- cussion led by Sumner Ladd and George Friedrich was interesting to all. A reel- tation entitled, “Company,” by little Don- ald Rece, was enthusiastically received. Miss Charlotte Koch, of Jackson, ren- dered an instrumental solo, “Arbutus.” and responded to an encore. The guests were Welcomed in a pleasing manner by Dr. Palmer, who was responded to by Mrs. \V. 1“. Raven, of Lansing. The Club was then entertained by a reading by Mrs. Matie Lowry, “The Deacon's Story,” with encore “The Old ()aken Bucket." All joined in singing some old songs led by the Loomis-Ball quartet with Mrs. Sumner Ladd at the piano, closing by singing “Home Sweet Home." The Club adourned to meet with Mr. and Mrs. Frank Pall, September 13. Have Talk on Co-operation.—«The Aug- ust meeting of the Wixom Farmers' Club was entertained by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Kinney at their home in Milford. A large crowd gathered there. over 200 being present. Dinner was served on the shady lawn; also the program was given there, which was very intereSting. The vocal and instrumental music was fine. and much enoyed. Mr_ N. A. Clapp, of North- ville. gave an interesting and instructive talk along the lines of (to-Operation. He spoke of the beneficial influence the Club had in a community, also gave the. num— ber of Clubs now doing good work and their membership—Mrs. R. D. Stephen‘n‘, COr. Sec. The Retired Farmer.—~The August meet- ing of the Charleston Farmers’ Club, held at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Olin Bera, was vrey largely attended. The usual picnic dinner was finished with ice cream making such a bountiful feast that there was a pleasing discomfort felt among the guests for a part of the afternoon. The gentlemen spent a part of the afternoon playing baseball. while the Junior mem— bers took an interesting trip to the Gales~ burg creamery. Mrs. A P. Simpson 0c,- cupied the chair for the meeting in the absence of both the president and the vice-president. Marion Barber and Ella- bell Talbot each gave a recitation and \Villiam Anderson read an interesting and appreciative story. The Club also sang a couple of songs from the Club song books. Two topics were discussed. the first, “\Vhat a retired farmer and his wife may do.” was under the leadership of O. F. McClary, who gave a very inter- esting talk. Mrs. J. L. Bateman. who was to have led the subject. “Some COm- mon Inconveniences of the Farm Home." turned it over to her daughter. Miss Er- die Bateman, who read a very well pre- pared paper on the subject. The club will have their September meeting at the Palmiter home. The topic chosen for dis- cussion at that time was, “Meals for ThreShers.” A number of ladies were appointed to discuss the question. Willi!”|IillllilifliliiliiiliiillliiiifliliililllllllmllllIllllllllllllliilililillilllilllilllgi Our Motto—~"The farmer is of more consequence than the farm, and should be first improved.” THE SEPTEMBER PROGRAMS. State Lecturer's Suggestions for First Meeting. Opening music. Fall handling of crops: 1. Potatoes. 3. Beets. 4. Fruits. Music. My favorite poem with some account of its author. What can a farm boy do, while attend- ing school, to earn money toward a. high school or college education? ‘What can a farm girl do, while attend- ing school, to earn money toward her high school or college fund? Summary of good points made in this program. Corn. 2. AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES. Another Union Rally.——Trent Grange, of Muskegon county, and Ashiand Grange, in Newaygo county, have a good habit of holding their summer rallies together. This year it was at Sand Lake, in Mus- kegon county—a gem of a blue—eyed sheet of water, set down in native woods which contains so many varieties of trees and such an abundance of choice plants that it would constitutea veritable botanist's delight. The atmosphere of the day was most happy in every way; children abounded on every hand and were atten- tive listeners during the program in the pavilion; the dinner was standard Grange fare what more could one ask? After the short program all repaired to a near- by open pasture where two games of ball were played amid close following and in— creasing entlmsiusm by the crowd of spectators. in the men and boys' game. Ashland won at a game of “indoor ball,” but in the game of “hard ball" which followed, the Trent girls won in a closely fought contest which stood 15’ to 20 at the last. it was very exciting and surely no “champions” on famous diamonds ever put more energy and devotion into their playing than did the Trent and Ashland girls—J. B. Oneida’s Fourth Annual Picnic. The annual picnic of Oneida Grange, of Eaton county, held on the Spiritualist camp grounds at Grand Ledge, Aug. 19, was a success in every way. Good weath- er, a great picnic dinner, an excellent program and clean, wholesome recreation we:e contributing factors. The outstand- ing feature of the program was State Master Ketcham’s address in which he spoke for better farming, better roads and better living. Marketing table supplies by parcel post, direct to the consumer, he urged as the best way for the farmer to secure the profit to which he is entitled and for the consumer to reduce the cost of living. He held that the great prob- lem of the American farmer is to stop waste, and that we must wake up if We would save the fertility of the soil. The new law requiring that all goods be marked true to name, he declared, will give Michigan products the high standing they deserve. Our business life. however. must not interfere with the best work we have to do, that of raising better boys and girls. Too often they are left to just “grow up." thus falling into undesir- able company, contracting bad habits and lacking the strength to overcome them. He appreciated the presence of the young people and pronounced them of the right kind for postponing rowing on the river until the completion of the program. Near the close an intermission was called to clear the floor for two drills. In the firSt of these 16 young men put on P. of Ii. and emblematic characters in a creditable. manner. Thcir Grange “yell" let all know that Oneida patrons have plenty of. life. A fancy drill was then given by young ladies dressed in white and wearing blue bonnets and aprons. This was immediately followed by a parasol drill in which the parasols bore the stars and stripes. The remainder of the afternoon was given over to visiting, rowing and the enjoyment of rcfreshments at the bazaar. The dance in the evening was attended by 21 large crowd of refined people and was declared the mo ‘ . truth of allwe soy. Write us to-day or our Catalogue '50 Per Rad Buys Heavx Hog FenCEnE and literature. Fill in the coupon shown below. Here is another on? of on; refigrfkable (Bar- | ains. A good heavy once. an min 10 ‘ d d f; ,t ‘, » [ectl adapts for hogs and w LEdfiegal fiiggxpxhrgh‘scs, in. high, square mesh. _ HE REAT RICE RECKERS put up in suitable size rolls. Lot ZAP-31, irice iper rod 150. 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