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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





VOL. CXLl. No. 22. $

Whole Number 3671.

I





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, NOV. 29, 1913.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

:52 FOR 5 YEARS.





The TuberCulin Test and the Farmer.





farmer should look upOn the tubercu-

lin test and the subject of tuberculosis

in general in the way he does. Why does

every farmer and every milk dealers’ or-

ganization fight the city health officer

when he tries to comply with the city

ordinance, which demands that no milk

be. sold except from tuberculin teSted

cows? Yet the average farmer does fight

this proposition. If these regulations how-

ever,‘ were complied with it would only be

a short time before the whole question of

tuberculOSis would be cleaned up in ev—

ery herd and then it could be kept clean,

and after that there would be no trouble

whatever.

The farmer fights the tuberculin test for

one reason, because he hasn't faith. Faith

comes largely from the understanding of





IT is difficult to understand why the





basic principles. The average farmer don't~





underStand the principles having to‘do

with the tuberculin test. It is difficult for

him to understand how it is that by test-

ing cows with tuberculin or injecting the

tuberculin and then taking their tempera-

ture before and after the injection that





the veterinarian is enabled to tell whether:

the cow. has ”this dread‘disea‘s'e" or not.





He doesn’t understand, he can’t see. and

he lacks faith and doesn’t believe in the

test. But this is no worse than lots of

other things in this world. People have

to take some things for granted that they

can’t mderstand. It isn’t given to every

man to understand every particular thing

in. this day and age of the world. This is

the day of specialists, this is the day

when science has accomplished wonderful

things and has gone into the nooks and

corners of creation and dug out facts

which were never known before, and it is

only these few men who go into these

nooks and corners and find the truth of

matters that thoroaghly understand them,

and consequently the great masses of hu-

manity must take these things for grant-

ed if the results can be proved. Of course

the scientiSt must prove his results, and

he does with the tuberculin test. It has

been tried time and time again, and in

almost every instance, where the tuber—

culin test showed a reaction, on post

mortem examination the animal Was

found to be infected with this dread dis-

ease, tuberculosis. Now it won’t do for

the farmer to say that “I don’t understand

that I can’t See how this thing accom-

plishes this and therefore I don't believe

in it.” If he iSn’t scientific enough, if he

isn’t willing to take the time to go to

work and study up the philosophy of the

test, so that he will understand it and

therefore believe in it, it is his business

to take it for “granted that the results are

So. This is the only way to make prog—

res. No one today can dispute the accu-

racy and the reliability of the tubercu-

losis test. It has been demonstrated, as

I say, over and over again, and it is up to

the farmer to believe. .



Again, the farmer objects to the tuber-

culin test. becauSe it may indicate that a

certain portion of his'animals are’affected

with tuberculosis, and if it does, then the

city ordinance or the law says that the

milk from those cows is not fit for human

food and therefore he is prohibited from

selling this milk. Consequently it is nec-

essary for him to get rid of these ani-

mals. He must not sell them to some-

body So that they sell the milk for human

consumption, but they must be disposed

at. :-If the disease has developed to a. cer-

tain’eXtent then scientists tell us that

their ’meat is not fit for food. On the

other hand, if it haSn’t developed to a.





‘certain dergee it can be used as food and





government'inspection will pass" it for‘food.





Now the state comes in here again and

helps the farmer out for the benefit of

all. People reason that if a farmer who

keeps dairy cows and sells the milk for

human food finds his herd infested with

tuberculosis, that it is for the public good

that that milk be cut off from the Sup-

ply. C0nsequently a law has been pa5sed

which allows a certain modest compen-

sation for animals which are destroyed

because they have tuberculosis and are-

far enough along in this disease so that

the meat is not allowed to be sold for food.

This, every fair minded man will say, is

all that one can expect. I think it is

reasonable to say that as long as this is





We are all human, of course, and we

don’t like to have our property destroyed,

even if it is for the public benefit. It is

quite a proposition to accumulate prop-

erty in this country today. over and

above a living. If a man works hard and

uses both his head and his hands to ac-

cumulate a little property and has that

invested in cattle, it gives ccrtzfinly a

serious blow for the public to go to work

and destroy those cattle without any com-

pensation, when it is for the public good

as much as anything. Some argue, of

course, that the state don‘t pay a suffi-

cient compensation. No reasonable man

would say that the state ought to pay full





 





 





A Big Outlet Drain, “Making Farming Land in Central Michigan," Page 486.





fOr the public good the public must have

the milk, as milk is necessary, and they

demand that the farmer clean up his

herd so tar as this disease is concerned.

if they pay a moderate portion of the re-

Sult so that the loss is not entirely that

of the farmer, then the state or the pub-

lic is doing all that they possibly can and

all that they ought to. The farmer ought

to meet the law half way, and if his cows

react to the tuberculin test and the state





pays him a modest compensation toward,





the value of these animals, it is assisting

him as well as the public. The farmer

ought to do his share becaue it is a ben—

cfit for him to have his herd relieved of

tuberculosis whether he sells milk or not.





compensation, because it is a benefit to

the farmer as well as the public, and he

ought to pay his share of this compensa-

tion or, in other words, stand his share of

the loss which may occur.



No farmer has ever had his cows test-

cd for tuberculosis, whether he found the

disease or not, who was not glad after he

had it done. I don't believe one single

man will come up and say that he is

sorry. We know now how to handle a,

herd where this dread disease is found in

it. If it is a valuable breeding herd of

pure—breds and some of the best cows

react, they can be isolated and their

calves can be reared without any danger

of their having tuberculosis. Where there





 





 





 





Type of'Dre'dge Used In Digging Open Ditches to ProVIde Outlet for The Drain.





 





is only a. slight reaction in valuable ani-

mals, if they are isolated so that there

is no danger of their communicating the

disease to other animals in the herd.

many times they will recover from the

diseaSe and regain their normal condi—

tion. This can all be handled by the

farmer now with not so very much ex-

pense. The real and serious loss comes

to the man who neglects to make the test

until his whole held or a goodly portion of

it becomes infected with the disease. Then

the loss is serious. If he takes it in time

when there are only a small per cent of

reacters in the herd. his loss is not ser—

ious, and in this way he can keep it from

becoming serious in the future. But if he

neglects it or keeps putting it off, the

time will come when all of his animals

are practically infc5ted with this dread

disease and then his loss will be serious.



It is admitted on every hand now, by

people who have studied this disease in

all its phases, that tuberculosis is a barn

disease. Cattle that live in the open air

and have plenty of pure air to breathc are

seldom if ever infected with this disease.

It is when the animals are crowded into

poorly ventilated, poorly lighted and

damp, unsanitary stables and kept there

in confinement in cold weather to keep

them warm that this disease spreads. It

would be of little avail for a man to test'

his herd of cows and take out all of those

that react and then put his herd back

into unsanitary quarters which have been

responsible for the disease in the first

place. A well-lighted, well—ventilated sta-

ble is death to germ diScase. The first

thing, therefore, for a farmer to do, if he

has not already done it, is to put plenty

of windows in his stable. l-le ought to

have four square feet of glass to every

animal in the stable, this is none too

much. Then he ought to put in the King

syStem of ventilation so that in the win-

tcr time when his barn is shut up in or-

der to keep it at the proper temperature

so that his cows will give a good flow of

milk, they will be abundantly supplied

with pure air. V'cntiation is a. cold

weather problem. We don’t .have to

bother about ventilation in the summer

time or in mild weather, or in mild cli-

mates, becuuFe we have the windows op-

en and the doors open and there is a free-

circulation of air, but in our cold climates

when we have to shut the barn air-tight

in order to keep it at a desirable tem-

ature, and this air that has been

breathed over and over again by the cows

becomes infected with the dread disease

of tuberculosis. Then is when the trouble

begins. Then is when one cow infested

with the disease communicates it to her

neighbor and so on to the whole barn .full

of COWS.



The first thing for the farmer to do is

to ventilate and properly light his stable,

put it in sanitary condition, and then get

a, competent veterinarian to give his cows

the tuberculin test and take proper care

of those that react, should any react.

If some of them are SO far advanced with'

this disease that their meat is unfit for

food the only thing to do, of course, is to

destroy them. Get what you can out of

them. YOu had better do it now than to

Wait until the whole herd is infected. If

there is only a, slight reaction in some

they can be isolated and put into another

barn, and certainly their progeny can be

saved and be free from tuberculosis. The

thing to do is not to put it off but to act

before the disease goes too far. Really,

the cost of making the tuberculin test is

not exceSSive. It can be done at a mod—

erate expenSe.



(Continued on page 489).
486—2





 





T H E M I c HIGA N“ :FA RM ER;

Michigan Potato Growers Organize





 





HE Michigan State Potato Associa—

l tion was organized at a meeting



of potato growers, distributors and

handlers held November 18 at Grand

Rapids, with the following officers: Pres-

ident, A. L. Hopkins, Bear Lake; secre—

tary, John I. Gibson, Grand Rapids; treas-

urer, Mr. Inman, Midland county; .vice-

presidents will be chosen later by the

executive board, one influential grower

being selected in each county of the state.

A constitution and by-laws drawn up by

a special committee and read by Jason

Woodman, of Kalamazoo, chairman, was

adopted. The association is organized to

promote the potato industry of the state

in all its phases, with special attention to

seed, culture of crop, sorting. grading and

marketing methods. Michigan, will co-

operate with the national society in stan-

dardizing the potato, adopting grades and

a Michigan label. Annual membership

fee is $1 and life membership $20.. It was

voted to hold the next annual meeting the

first \Vednesday and Thursday of Decem-

ber, 1914, in Grand Rapids.



The potato campaign opened with a din-

ner meeting Monday evening at the Liv-

ington Hotel, attended by about 40 of the

live wires in the state. The speakers

were Henry G. Bcll, agrouomist of the

Middle West Soil Improvement Associa-

tion; H. E. Horton, of the American Steel

Wire Co.; Jason YVoodman. farm demon-

strator of Kalamazoo county; C. E. Bas-

sett, secretary State Horticultural Socie-

ty; John 1. Gibson. secretary Western

Michigan Development Bureau; J. H.

Skinner. Farm Demontsrator for Kent

county; E. A. Abbott, land commissioner

of the Boyne City, Gaylord & Alpena

Railroad; A. F. Smith. Farm Demonstrat-

or for Alpena county; .\. N. Brown, editor

Fruit Belt; John Bale. of Lakevicw; C.

B. Cook, Farm Demonstrator of Allegan

county, and others. A committee on or-

ganization was appointed. composed of

Jason Woodman, Kalamazoo; J. H. Skin-

ner, Kent county; J. W. Chopin, Branch

county; C. B. Cook. Allegan county; John

Bale, Montcalm county; Geo. W. Welsh,

and F. W. Hinyan, Grand Rapids.



Two sessions were held on Tuesday and

at the afternoon meeting at the Associa-

tion of Commerce, the rooms were filled

to overflowing. J. H. Skinner, of Kent

county, presided. One of the interesting

speakers from outside was Prof. XVilliam

Stuart, of the Department of Agriculture,

Washington, secretary of the National

Potato Society of America. He spoke at

both Sessions and answered many ques—

tions. The national society, as he frankly

explained, has not done very much as yet

in getting states to affiliate in the work.

He spoke especially of the value of or-

ganization and what the growers of V’Vis-

consin, Idaho and other sections are do-

ing. It was stated that Idaho growers

have adopted three standard grades and

through affiliation with the Northwest

Fruit Growers' Association, with carlots

moved to the many distributing points,

the Michigan growers have a strong com-

petitor. So that it behooves Michigan to

organize as speedily as possible. Prof.

Stuart favors a smaller package than the

sack now in use. so that the potato will

carry with skin unbroken and without a

blemish. He spoke of the carton paper

box in use in the apple trade for ship-

ment direct to consumers and favored

shipment in unbroken package to consum-

ers in the larger cities. It was shown that

’potatoes deteriorate rapidly in quality

when expOSed to light and air and that if

properly taken care of and relished the

consumption would be greatly increased.



Prof. Stuart spoke of an extended trip

through the states where he found more

or lees disease and mixture of seed. He

said that potatoes now coming from Bel-

gium are better graded than ours. and are

of pretty fair quality. He thought it was

a serious mistake to remove the tariff.



C. E. Bassett, of Allegan county. spoke

of the Sulzer bill in packing apples and

urged the importance of establishing stan-

dard grades of potatoes, without the. cum-

brous and expensive machinery of regu-

lar inspection and boards of inspectors.



Market types of potatOes were explained

by Prof. Bell, of Chicago. He said the

potato should be sound, regular in shape.

medium and even in size. clean, bright

and of pure variety. it should run eight

to ten ounces in weight. fiVe inches lOng

and two and a half to three inches

through, a. smooth. clean akin, shallow

eye. clear. white flesh, fine in texture, dry

and flaky and of good flavor. Use well

drained soils. Pick well shaped seed of

established seasomible varieties. Prevent

scab by fOrmaIin treatment. Prepare the





seed bed well by plowing under some

green crop and thoroughly working soil.

Use liberal amount of fertilizer. Cut seed

into pieces weighing‘ from one to two

Ounces and see that each piece has one

good eye. Begin cultivation early. Spray

with fungicide and to control beetle. Prof.

Bell stated that an improved quality of

potato will take care of the fear of over-

production.



Diseases were discussed by G. H. Coons

research assistant in plant pathology at

the M. A. C, and Dr. Bessey. of the col-

lege, supplemented the talk with the

warning to growers to dip potatoes in

the formalin for scab, also not to plant in

infected fields. '



Jason Woodman followed with a com-

pact talk on a. subject that he is full of.

He said we should raise more potatoes

to the acre, but not more potatoes. P0-

tato growing is not the best kind of treat»

ment for land, chiefly because the soil is

left bare over winter. It was shown that

the potato must have lots of food and

have it close at hand; corn roots will

reach some distance for nourishment.

Particular emphasis was placed on cattle

raising, hogs and horses in connection.

and of the manure that is returned to the

soil. It was asserted that 60 per cent of

the farmyard manure in the state is

wasted. In addition to barnyard manure

he recommended commercial fertilizers.



Eben Mumford, of Lansing. state lead-

er of farm agents, gave a most spirited

talk, urging state and local assoeiation

work in co-operation with the farm di-

rectors in enthusing the 176,500 potato

growers of Michigan who did not attend

this meeting, with the work of develop-

ing this great industry. “Vi'e'll work with

you," he said, “and we will put Michigan

at the top of the list as a. potato state."



H. G. Horton, agriculturist of the Am-

erican Steel & Wire 00., gave some inter-

esting information as to what Germany

has done and is doing on her eight mil-

lion acres of potato land. Her average





yield is 350 bushels per acre and her

highest yield is 1.700 bushels. It was

suggested that Michigan should have





starch and dextrine factories and potato

drying plants.



Resolutions were adopted urging the

state board of agriculture to put a potato

extension man at work in the field, se-

lecting one who might serve later as see-

retary of the state potato association just

formed. Messrs. Stuart, Bell and Horton

were made honoary members of the or-

ganization. A rising vote of thanks was

tendered the Grand RapidS, men, includ-

ing Editor Brown, of the Fruit Belt, Edi-

tor McDonald. of the Herald, and County

Agent Skinner, for their work in promot-

ing and arranging the program for the

state meeting.





Kent Co. A. GRIFFEN.





 





MAKING FARMING LAND IN CEN.

TRAL MICHIGAN.



While in dry seasons any ordinary

cleared land may be made to produce

fairly good crops, when wet seasons or

prolonged wet spells come, then crop fail-

ures are almost sure to occur. No soil

is at its beSt unless properly drained of

surplus water. naturally or otherwise. To

secure this the land must be either of an

undulating or rolling nature with streams

in proximity to receive the water, or else

be relieved of surplus water by artificial

drainage.



Tile of various sizes as required are by

all odds the best system of draining soil

we have today yet unless sufficient fall

be secured and an ample outlet provided

they are of little or no value. and besides

they will soon choke and fill with sedi-

ment. The firSt page out shows a modern

method of constructing a main outlet for

the drainage water, embracing several

thousand acres of comparatively level and

gently rolling land in Gladwin county. This

drain is to be completed by January 1,

next. and will be about five miles in

length when completed. “'hile“a small

drain in comparasion to many, still with

its bottom of from six to eight feet in

width and deep enough in all places for

an outlet to the deepest tile one wmild

care to lay. and with its 47 feet fall in its

first two and a half miles from its outlet

in Tobacco river. it certainly should do its

required work satisfactorily. The soil

thrOugh which, it runs is clay and gravel.

with not much sand admixture except in

few places and. with its ample bank slope

it will not cave or wash in readily. Two





 





dredges of the type shown are In opera-.





tion on different drains in this vicinity and

another will soon be added. One must





not infer by this that it is a marshy‘coun-

try for, on the contrary, it is not, as no

considerable marshes or marshy land.

properly speaking, exist anywhere near,

but as a tract at several thousand acres

lies in one body, quite similar to a table

land, there is an enormous amount of sur-

face water to be disposed of. and it is to

provide for the disposal of this water that

these drains are being constructed. The

approximate cost of such a dredged drain

as this, with the necessary steel and ce-

ment bridges to span it, will be $8,000, but

it will be worth three times $8,000, to the

farming land it courses through the first

season.

Gladwin Co.





RECLAIMING SWAMP LAND.





G. A. RANDALL.





 





Scattered throughout the state, and

varying in size, considerable areas of

swamp land are found. To the average

man these swamps are only hunting

places or sources of fence posts and wood.

Their value as agricultural soil is seldom

realized. yet some people have been very

successful in farming them. Muck is the

richest soil in existence, when properly





tilled and drained. but the special treat—





ment required and the rough appearance

of swamp lands have retarded their de-

velopment.



In general, there are two distinct class-

es of muck soil—one is blzcl-t. the other

is red. The latter is most commonly

known as “Peat" and is of no importance

in agriculture. All muck is the result of

the decay of many trees and plants; a

process which has retarded large amounts

of surface water a. large part of each

year. The peat mucks are at an early

stage In this decay and one often. finds

partly decomposed logs or plants imbed-

ded in'them. When dry this muck looks

dull red and is quite flaky. 'Black mucks

are well decayed, have finer particles, and

are coal black when dry. ‘



The most essential thing in improving

muck land is to secure good drainage.

Ditches four to six feet deep must be

made every 60 or 80 rods, having sloping

banks to stop caving. Aboutevery ten

years they must be cleaned, even when

a large fall is given.



The clearing of the land seems like a

10m; and tedious job but proper handling

greatly lessens the task. Through early

winter or late spring when the snow is

not deep, the small brush should be cut

with a “bush” scythe and allowed to lay

just as it falls. Poplar saplings over an

inch in diameter should be dug out by the

roots by chopping around the base a foot

or so each way, and then crowding the

tree over. This removes the hard woody

portion and makes plowing easier. As

much vegetation as possible is killed al—

though not all of the brush need be en-

tirely cut off. In fairly hard cutting. one

man can go over an acre in from tw0 to

four days.



In the spring the brush is quite dry and

a fire set in some corner where the wind

has a good sweep will burn most of the

debris, leaving only large wet stumps and

logs, which are then picked up into piles,

allowed to dry, and burned. These usu-

ally burn up quite clean, leaving a level

black piece ready for the plow.



Plowing and fitting the new piece of

land is the hardest work of all. The- plow

used should be of special construction,

having a knife point coulter and share.

with a long rolling moldboard. Great

length is needed to completely turn the

furrow, as so many roots must be loosen-

ed and out. No wheel is used as a. rule,

the depth being regulated by the beam

clevis or by pressure on the handles.

Furrows 14 to 16 inches wide are cut and

turned directly into. and not lapping on,

the preceding furrow. When the land is

rolled a smoother surface. showing less

green stuff results. Following the plow

and roller, the disk barrow is one of the

most important implements on the muck

farm. The revolving knives cut and turn

the soil in so many ways that it saves

time and labor, and makes a fine seed

bed.‘ -



Potatoes are perhaps the best crop that

can be grown on muck soils the first year.

They are especially adapted to such soft

mellow earth, with its abundant moisture

and plant foods and fabulous yields have

been reported. A short time is required

to grow this crop while the advantages

are that the cultivation keeps the weeds

down well and the potato vine Is not hurt

by frost, e8pecially. if planted fairly early.

Rye can be sown on the potato ground

by simply dishing it over once or twice

and seeding. Grass seed can be sown with

the rye and in three years a meadow

stands where formerly only {bushes grew.

Meadows usually last three or four years

before they need be plowed for potatoes





Nov. 25. 1913.





again. "This is only,o,ne“rota'.tion but oth-

ers can be practiced with equal success.

People near town will find a. truck garden

profitable, while others might raise corn,

millet, beans, or grain crops. Nearly ev-

erything will grow and prosper on'muck.



Ingham Co. L. C. ann'i‘mo. .





 





SOIL ‘AND FERTILIZER QUESTIONS-





Lime for Alfalfa.





I am going to sow some alfalfa. and

want to put forth every effort to make it

a success. rDo you think I will need to

apply lime? My land is clay. Is there

any way I can benefit my wheat in the

spring, besides to-p-derssing with ma-

nure? I should have used commercial for-

tilizer when sowing, but never have used

any of that. I read what a wonderful

thing crimson clover is in New Jersey.

Can you tell me anything about it? .I

was thinking if it grew good here it

would be nice to sow for a. cover crop in

our orchards.



Allegan Co. SUBSCRIBER.





It is possible that you don't need any

lime on your soil for the successful grow-

ing of alfalfa and clover. The only way

is to find out by testing the land for acid-

ity. The mest practical way is the clo-

ver test. If clover does well, if you have

no trouble in getting a catch of clover, if

you can raise two tons and tw0 and one-

half tons of clover to the acre then you

have a sufficient amount of lime still in

the soil and you will not have to supply

any for your alfalfa. On the other hand,

if you have been having trouble in getting

a catch of clover, if the clover has been

killing out, and it does not grow luxu-

riantly the probability is that the soil is





getting acid and should be neutralized'





by the- use of lime. When you once-get

this condition the only proper thing to do

is to lime the soil. You can also give

your soil the litmus paper test. Go to the

drug store and get five cents worth of

blue litmus paper, get a teaspoonful of





soil from various portions of the field and





put it in a. dish, make it rather moist,

kind of a sloppy consistency, by adding

rain water. Don't use well water be.-

cause the well water may contain lime.

Then put the litmus paper in. If in five

minutes on taking out the piece of litmus

paper you notiCe that the blue litmus pa-

per has turned any tinge of red your soil

is quite acid. LeaVe some of the litmus

paper in for one-half hour and see if it is

affected. If you can get any reaction

your soil is acid, enough so that it will

pay to neutralize it by using lime. An-

other good test for acidity is to take a

teaspoonful of soil from various portions

of the field, put it in a glass tumbler,

acid rain water, and then drop into it a

few drops of hydrochloric acid which you

can get at the drug store at small ex-

pense. If there is plenty of lime in the

soil when you drop in this acid it will be

effervescent, that is, air bubbles will come

to the top because the lime in the soil is

neutralizing the acid which you poured in.

On the other hand if you get no efferves-

cence it, is a pretty good sign that your

soil is deficient in lime.

Top-dressing Wheat with Fertilizer.



If you have no stable manure to top—

dress your wheat and you feel that you

ought to have some more plant food you

can top-dress the wheat with commer-

cial fertilizer. I neVer did this personally

because I always put fertilizer in when

the wheat was sown, but in New Eng-

land, I understand it is quite a common

thing to top-dress the wheat in the spring

with commercial fertilizer. You can take

your wheat drill and fasten up the teeth

or the disks, and sow the fertilizer broad-





cast and then barrow it in if you desire. ,





You can perform an experiment with very

little cost by putting some fertilizer on

one side of the field and then noting the

results.

Crimsdp Clover for Michigan.

Crimson clover does not do well in





Michigan, that is, it is not reliable. Our

climate is too severe. With an exceed-

ingly favorable winter it will live over





and make a splendid cover crop, but it

cannot be depended upon. Anything like





a severe winter will kill it, out almost en- i





tirely. ’Iuiis plant is perfectly reliable





as far south as New Jersey but not in

Michigan. Winter vetch sown with rye

in. August is much more reliable for

Michigan than crimson clover.





COLON C. LILLIn.





 





 





ANOTHER METHOD OF CURING SEED

CORN.





 





I notice a good deal in the Michigan





Farmer about the best way to cure out.





seed corn. My method is to stick a long

wire staple into the butt of each ear and





by this means string the ears on a wire...





This allows a free circulation or air about

each ear. and is the

tried.



Tuscola Co.





'0. R. CLARE





.‘i'





best method I ever.





v
NOV. 29, I913.





MAKING A CONCRETE MIXER AND.

ELEVATOR.



Will Mr. F. E. Smith, of Cass county

who described his method of building a.

concrete silo, kindly describe the concrete

mixer and elevator which he made for the





9 , .

W‘i’éfiéo Co. 0. F-

I made a circular (six-sided) box 28

inches long by 24 inches in diameter, with

one of the sides put on with strap hinges

and fastened on the oppomte edge with a.

couple of wood buttons. ’l‘o mount this

box I bored a hole in each end large

enough to pass through a. 11A;-inch gas

pipe, about 34 inches long. This gas pipe

is securely fastened to the box by cutting

in a tee about three inches from one end

and putting in a short spur pipe eight

or 10 inches long, which I secruely fast-

(mod to the end of mixer.



1 had an old mowing machine and as

old iron is pretty cheap I took off the

caps from end of main shaft and removed

the ratchets and replaced one cap, while

on the other end of shaft I slipped one

end of the gas pipe axle of my mixer, af-

ter having bored a half-inch hole so it

could be pinned on to the m'OWer shaft.

This supports one end of mixer while the

other end of mixer shaft is passed through

a board which. is nailed on two posts set

fOur feet apart, so a mortar box can be

built rig-ht under the mixer.



Then I took off the mower pitman and

run a tWo and a, half inch belt onto the

mower pitman wheel. If pitman wheel is

not wide enough cut a wood wheel same

size and bolt it on side of pitman wheel.

My mower gears back 25 times, which

makes mixer run just about right.



Now put in six pails of good gravel and

one of cement, preferably putting in the

cement in center of batch; start the em-

gine, and throw mower in gear. If it

won’t Stay in gear cross the belt and run

mixer in opposite direction. Turn mixer six

times over, throw mower out of gear when

lid of' mixer is down and dump batch into

box. I mounted mower and engine on a

platform some two feet high to make

room for mortar box under mixcr. If

your outfit runs the mixer the wrong way

so as to unscrew the mixer shaft at the

tee a. %~inch hole should be bored through

the tee and end of pipe and bolt put in.





If you haven’t an old mower use any

mower, as it will not injure it but will

take an hour or so to put mower back

together as it might be necessary to re-

move the cutter bar.



Do not wet the cement until you have

mixed through mixer and are all ready to

fill forms, as you have to keep a man on

the ground to fill pails and it just about

keeps him busty wetting cement and fill-

ing pails, While the two men on top ele-

vate, place in forms and tamp it down.

By using Six pails, one man will just about

empty them while another man fills the

pails.



A load of gravel and four and a half to

five sacks of cement will be about right

for a form 24 to 26 inches high where the

wall is 3% inches thick, and two men will

run it through in about 15 minutes.



Now the elevator is much more simple

than the mixer, but is much harder to

describe. It consiSts of a. frame set in a.

vertical position made of two 2x4—inch

scantling about six feet long, with a board

nailed across the top ends holding them

the right distance apart so the bottom

ends can be bolted onto the side of the

engine skidS, about a foot back from the

. center of engine pulley. Run 3. %-inch

pipe through two scantling a. foot or so

above the top of engine pulley for a drum

on which to run the elevator rope. Put

a wood pulley on this pipe so as to line

up with engine pulley. It should be three

or four inches thick to accommodate a.

flue-inch belt and sthould have a three or

four inch flange on it so the belt will al-

ways hang in this wood pulley and not

run off.



This elevator frame should lean forward

(toward the gin pole), when not in use,

enough so the elevator pulley is just

above engine pulley, with the belt hanging

on the elevator pulley and passing down

around engine pulley but not touching

it by an inch or so; so that, while the en-

gine is or may be running, it has no con-

tact with the belt, consequently the ele-

vator drum is standing idle. Now to ele-

vate, tilt the elevator frame back from

the gin pole just enough to tighten the

belt, when there’ll be “something doing”

right away.



The rope is fastened 10 the %-inch pipe

by boring a 14-inch hole and passing a

14-inch bolt through pipe- and end of rope.

A drum, like any spool. must have two

ends to it and as the elevator pulley

serves as one end, to make the other end





'is likely to die.





put acwood wheel on the shaft near the

opposite 2x4 standard, which can be al-

lowed to play loosely between two 14-inch

bolts passed through the shaft. This keeps

the (rape from winding against the 2x4,

which would soon cut out the rope. I

used half-inch rope, common binder twine

rope spliced together is all right.



Now, while the mixer can be set any-

where, the elevator must be set so as to

line up with the pulley on top of gin pole.

If set very much out of line the rope will

stack up on one end of drum and will ele-

vate too fast. Run a. rope from top of

elevator frame back through a pulley on

top of a post and from there to topof

silo. The man who elevates the mortar

grasps this rope in left hand, pulls it

slightly and stands ready to take the pail

of mortar in the right hand at same time

releasing his hold on the other rope.





It bothered us some at first to empty

mortar into the forms when only three

and a. half inches apart. We took a, piece

of our No. 18 sheet iron about 20x28

inches, bent the corners down a. little so

it can be hooked over the top of inner

form, then by holding in nearly horizontal

position, the man who elevates can dumD

his pail onto it while the man who lamps

can slide it into the forms and lamp it.

using for a. tamper a, hoe straightened out

and being careful to tamp next to each

form to make a smooth job. It is a three~

man job just about keeping each one

busy.



Care must be taken to make the pulley

an elevator about the right size. Vi'ith an

engine running 375 revolutions per min-

ute and an eight-inch pulley on engine, a

10 or 11-inch pulley on the elevator will be

about right. If the engine pulley were

larger the elevator pulley must be larger

to correspond: A man standing on top of

a'40-foot silo don't want a pail of mortar

coming at him like it was “shot out of a

gun.”



Anyone undertaking any new thing he

never saw done must expect to learn some-

things by experience and must make up

his mind to surmount any unforeseen 0b-

staclcs. My gin pole was 50 feet high

with a. short arm running out from near

the top to which the elevator pulley was

attached. When we were working near

the grOund everything went lovely, but

as the silo got higher the length of rope

from silo top to top of gin pole would

constantly grow shorter, while the length

of rope from top of gin pole down to en-

gine was just as long as ever and, of

course was heavier than the short end

and soon overbalanced it and drew it

through the upper pulley, so when my

man went to send the pull down he found

the rope hook was 30 feet above his head

while the other end of rope coiled down





over the running engine and became

tangled up in it, fortunately doing but

little damage. Three fish poles tied to-





gether soon brought the hook down again

and a knot tied in the rope at the proper

place prevented it running through the

upper pulley any farther than we wanted

it to. There are some things about the





making of the forms and filling them I‘





would like to add but this article is too

long.

Cass 00. F. E. SMITH.





FARM NOTES.

Killing English Sparrows.



Am bothered by numerous sparrow-s on

my farm and would like to get rid of

them. Would You please advise me of

lhe best plan or method?



Berrien Co. J. M. H., Jr.





In his book on Michigan Bird Life, Dr.

Barrows, of M. A. 0., gives the following

method of destroying English sparrows, as

the best available for general use:



“During midwinter, when the sparrows

have congregated in the towns and cities

and when heavy snow has covered most

of the available food and they are pinched

more or loss for supplies, they should be

baited for several suceessive days to some

stable yard or enclosed area where they

will gather in immene numbers if not

needlessly alarmed. When several hun-

dreds have thus been lured to feed regu-

larly and the amount of food which they

will consume completely has been deter—

mined, a similar amount of the same food,

previously soaked with strychnine and

carefully dried, is fed to them at the usual

time. Ordinarily the whole of this poison-

cd grain will be eaten, and four-fifths of

the sparrows will die within a few mo-

ments and within a few yards of the feed-

ing place. The remainder will flutter a

little farther away, but within a. few

hours every sparrow w’hich ate at this place

No danger whatever is

to be apprehended, to cats, dogs, pigs or

other animals which might eat the pois-





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





oned sparrows, and if any poisoned grain

is left uneaten it can readily be swept up

for use at another time or can be de-

stroyed by burning if desired. There is

far less cruelty in killing sparrows in this

way than by ordinary shooting or trap-4

ping, since experiment with caged spar-

rows shows that strychnine is very quick-

ly- effective and that the sparrows die

from it with practically no pain at all. It

is important that the poisoning should be

done only during the winter season, when

all native birds are absent, and in case

poultry or pigeons are attracted by the

baiting, they may be excluded by the use





of coops made of lath, through the spaces.





of which the sparrows can pass freely

while the pigeons will be kept out.”

Ashes as a Fertllizer.





I would like to know the value of un-

leached ashes for light sandy soil per

ton, as compared with other fertilizers.

How much should I sow per acre on oat

ground that I wish to seed to- clover in

the spring?



TuScola CO. C. P... C.





Unlcuched wood ashes contain from four

to seven per cent of potash in one of the

best forms for the use of plants. They

also contain about two per cent of phos-

phoric acid and 32 per cent of lime. These

figures apply to hardwood ashes; soft

wood ashes are comparatively mm in pot-

ash, and would not be nearly as. valua-

ble. Hardwood ashes are estimated to be

worth $6 to $10 per ton, when all of the

above ingredients are figured at the price

which they would cost in the form of

commercial fertilizer for such soil as is

mentioned in this inquiry, which is likely

to be deficient in potaSh and also usually

needs lime for best results with clover. It

is difficult to advise. how heavy an appli-

cation should be made without knowledge

as to the extent of the available supply,

its cost, and the methods at hand for dis-

tributing same. Where a fertilizer dis-

tributor is available so as to get an even

distribution, a much smaller quantity will

give. the same results that would be se-

cured from a larger amount with less

perfect distribution. “here they are avail-

able at reasonable cost, there is little

danger of getting on too many ashes, but

where only a limited supply is available,

more economic results can be secured by

distributing them thinly. The best meth-

od of applying is when the ground is be-

ing prepared for the crop, when they can

be applied to the surface! and worked into

the soil.



Subdulng Quack Grass.



Have a field that has some quack grass

in spots and as I wish to but it into corn

ncxt spring w0uld like your advice on

whether it should be shallow or deep

plowed to get the best results. Also state

if there is any law by which one can

compel the cutting of quack grass before

it goes to seed.



Arenac C0. VV. B. R.



It is a. difficult proposition to subdue

quack grass in corn, in fact, ordinary hul-

ture will tend to spread it over wider

areas. Spreading would probably be a.

little less if the land is plowed at a fair

depth, but this will make little difference

in subduing the grass. A late'maturing

root crop is better suited for a hoed crop

where the eradication of quack grass is

desired, as it permits of more thorough

cultivation before planting and later cul-

tivation between rows than is the case

with corn. However, by using thistle

sweeps on the cultivator, and hand-hoeing‘

in the hill, it may be possible to keep this

pest in fairly good subjection. The nox-

ious weed law does not apply to quack

grass, which some scientists say does not

Seed in this latitude. This, however, is

not a. safe dependence, but there is no

doubt that it spreads mainly from the

root StOCkS.





 





 





 





BOOK NOTICES.





 





The Cypress “Even Temperature" Silo

is the title of Volume 37 of the Cypress

POckct Library. This little book contains

eight working plans with detailed draw-

ings and specifications for the erection of

silos with dead air spaces to secure an

even temperature and prevent the freez-

ing of the contcntH. Address the South-

ern Cypress Manufacturers’ Association,

Hibernia Bank Bldg, New Orleans, La...

for a free copy, mentioning the Michigan

Farmer.





“The Diseases of Animals" is a book of

brief and popular adviCe on the care and

common ailments of farm animals, by

Nclb‘on S. Mayo, M.S.. D.V.S.. Professor of

Veterinary Science in the Virginia Poly-

technic Institute. and formerly Professor

of Veterinary Science in the Kansas State

Agricultural College, and State Veterinar-

ian of Kansas. In addition to being a

complete veterinary book this book con-

tains chapters on the care of all kinds

of stock, including farm pets, breaking

of colts, training of dogs. judging and

handling of horses, etc. This book con-

tains 450 pages, 5x7y§ inches, and contains

many illustrations. Published by the

MacMillan 00., New York. Price $1 net.





34—487.





 





Tower’s Fish Brand





Reflex Slicker





JUST THE COAT FOR DRIVING

WHEN rr RAINS





F ace any storm in it and you’ll return " Dry an

a bone ". No water can teach you even

through the openings between the buttons—

that'o where our famous Reflex Edges pro-

tect you by keeping out every drop.



Roomy. comfortable. and so well made that it

gives the longest service.





‘ $3.00 SATISFACTION





GUARANTEED





At your dealer's. or sent prepaid on receipt

of price. Send for catalog of Fish Brand goods.





A. J.B'I'0WER C0 (OWENS

OSTON *1

Tower Canadian Limited 7'. am" we:





oronto





 





 





 





 





2FEATHER MATTRESSES

~ . ,m 1 TIKING $10.





\\-





One side a succession of soft.



sprlnzy feather sections. snug and warm



for cold weather comfort. The other side for summer

use.





, smooth and cooling. Mattress weighs 35 lbs.





A Feather Mattress Built Not Stuffed.





Guaranteed for a lifetime:satisfaction or

money refunded. All feathers in this mattress are

new, clean, odorless. sanitary and hygienic. Built





in strong eight ounce A. C. A. Ticking.



Write for catalogue. Agents wanted. Make big



money. Reference: Broadway National Bank.

Address: PURITY BEDDING 00.



no. a“. Dem. 0. Nashville. Tenn.





 





 





I cm 0 r r OW , S

Wgte’g tyeatheg w th

op e orecas s

the weather 8 to ea er

24 hours in advance. Not a toy but

ascientifically constructed instru-

ment, working automatically, and

made doubly interesting by the

little figures of the German peasant





 

 





and his ood Frau who come in and



out to tel on what the weather Will

S eci l ' be. Han some, .Omamcntal,

n. a relinbleand everlasting. Size 6% by 7%

Price to inches. Fully guaranteed. Ideal as

Ag ents gifts. Sent postpald to any address for





David Whlto. Dept. 123, 418 E.Vlaler St. Mllvaukeo. Illa.





 





 





 





 





 





I

you “were-em: lam or lantern than from electricity

org-1‘. HITE FLA E BURNERS given loft white 7

I‘ign qual to three ordinary lam I. NO MANTLE

BR AK. Snfe and Reliable. Sell ht: every user.

AGENTS$5 toSlSdally. Everybody buyl.

Write quick for articular. and

‘°'"“."" Complele ample postpaiq‘rJScts” stamp:

or com. 3 for 51. Money back if not satisfactory.





mm Hun nglal no. 39 mm Ill" Grand fluids. Im





 





Pulverized Lime Rock





We can ship in carload lots in two days after order

is received from Muskegon and Benton Harbor.

rite for prices direct to you.





LAKE SHORE STONE 00., Mllwaukoo. Wit.





HOOK PHOSPHATE





A natural fertilizer for soils deficient

in Phosphorus. Write for free book-

"7 let A-11 and delivered prices.





Robin Jones Phosphate 00., Nashville, Tenn.

LOOK HERE! Do you want a BIG MIHKEH?





I wrll out. your name neatly on Brass (one inch let.-

ters) and send any address, postpaid. on receipt

of 26 cents. it more than 10 letters in name 2 cents

for each letter extra. Send all orders to





A. H. BRAUNLICH. Ida. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





' 'I'ILE IlIIAllI FOR SALE





- Mixed sizes a specialty.





I. A. AIISI'IIOII &. 80H. Edgerlon, Ind.

wuv NOT HAVE BEST lIGH'I' 9





Steel Mantle Burners. Odoriess '

Smokeless. Make coal 01] produce gas—3

times more light. At dealers or prepaid by

us for 250. AGENTS WANTE .





D a

Steel Manila Lighlcomt‘sza Toledo. 0.





“IANTED FOR U. 8. ARMY—Able-bodied. un-

married men between ages [8 and 35; citizens of

U. S. or have first papers: of good character and

tem crate habits, who can speak. read and write the

English language: good pay. food. lodging. clothing

and medical attendance free. For mformatlonha‘pply

at. Recruitin Station, 212 Griswold St. Detroit, ich

Heavenrioh _ look, Suzi new. Mich. 144 W. Main St..

Jackson. Mich. lot Saginaw Sta. Flint. Mich.

Huron d: .Quayflsm" Port Huron. Mich. 28H: Saginaw

St.. Pontiac. iohisan.



at World's Greatest





LEARN All G'I‘IONEERING 8.1.0.1 and become





Independent. with no on ital invested. Winter term

Decem ber Stir-to lowing International Stock

. Write today for free catalog. 8 NAT’L

ROHOOL 0F AUCTIONEERING. 14 N. Sacramento

Blvd.. Chicago, Ill. CAREY M. JONES ‘Pres.





WANTED—Position on term by young 111111122er

of n . two 6031-3 farm ex rlence. d.



dress. Tony Sohiae or. 600 atherine St... etroIt.Mloh.

WE BUY—New and old Duck and Geese

Feathers. JOHN H. BOBZIN



0i SON. 1110 Ferdinand Ave . Forest Park. Ill





Wanted—Farmer and Mfofllw‘ifw‘fiui‘é





furnish good reference. Good stock and grain farm

in Newton County Northwestern Indiana. 50 mliea.

from Chicago. Room 608-8. 80. Dearbom 8t.. Chicago.





Make $126





BOVEHIIMEII FIHMEHS WIHIEO mommy. m...





living quarters. Write. OZMENT. 1'1 1". 8t.Louis, Mo.
TART in business tor yourself and make



$35.00 to $50.00 a week handling our -

big, modern Line of Sanitary Medicines, ‘

Spices, Extracts, Stock Remedies, etc. ‘





No Capital Needed—No Experience Necessary





Our line is the easiest to sell. gives the best satis-

(action to customers, pays the biggest profits.

Our free booklets explain why. Write to-



day for full particulars.





~McNESS COMPANY





 





 





 





WANTED.





At once a few men, who are hustlers. for

soliciting. No experience necessary.

The work is dignified, healthful and

instructive. In writing give refer-

ences and also state whether you have a

horse and buggy of your own. Address

Box J. 17., Care Michigan Farmer‘ Detroit





Start in Business

urself .





 





   

 





" We hunt-h rhestocl: of goods.





Be your own "Boa.

you the outfit. .A full line of Household. Stock and Poultry

Remedies.





Torief Articles, Extracts Spices and Baking

Powdertonelltothecm. forour lan. Learn

on c ‘ are L‘ in ' ' territory with

constantly loaning trade. Secure your Home Territory

whileyetopen. Aardwillhrhglullpxhclhn.





WHITE "0'





SAGINAW MEDICINE C0.

SAGINAW Box 407 MICHIGAN





For only





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   





Christmas Post Car





beauty of the gifts you give:





59" Pieces in all.

This assortment if purchased





now asking for them, but





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





You Feel Right In

Clothcraft Clothes





vOU'RE at ease, proud of the fit, the

style and “set” of your clothes, if

you wear Clothcraft.





You can't. get. a lust idea of Clothcraft from

pictures. but the drawing and photograph (same

man .same overcoat) suggest how one Clothcraft

model looks. Prove the use at. any Clothaaft:

Store.



Satisfaction is built into the clothes by Cloth-

craft Scientific Tailoring. hat means the

quality-improving, cost-reducing methods

evolved by 67 years of making ready-for-

service clothes.



Clothcraf t Clothes are the only line at $10 to

$25. in which all-wool, first-class workmanship.

satisfactory wear and service are definitely

guaranteed to you.



Write us for an introduction to the Cloth-

craft Store. We'll also send the new Style Book

and tell you about N o. 4130 Blue Serge Special—-

the best all-round suit. we can make at $18.50.





THE JOSEPH & F EISS COMPANY

Founded 1846. Oldest American Makers





of Men's Clothes. @ I i





 





>_

Mr.”





Your orronrmim





to flow In the Provlneool

-- SISKI‘I'GIIEIII

Western canals





Domdeliroto I





to. area lun-

ited but.» less

New District. have recon

no tor

and into t are now

being built. The day will soon

come heathen will no mo-

lteadlng land left.

A Swift Gin-rent. n brunt





eschew-

:-“I came here on my homestead

shout o i





larch, ”I. with low worth 0

horsesmd tnery audio-$03511: cosh.

odayl have 900 moo whootmo





. ybemnethcsternConadu. in Maui.



SaskatchewanorAlberm.



Sadat once for “mm-pawl-

Momma





M. V. MclNNES,

"6 Jefferson Ave" Detroit, Mich.





l . 1- Address. Superintendent of Immigntlon

Ottawa, Ont.. Canada





‘ should attend.





 





 





'I'II. “LIPS _



has been in semen 20 years.



ggzablefiflicienheconolmcal.

e





par-uncut o!





 





 





Y'gll STAMMEB





attend no stammering school till you

at my large FREE book and s is! rate.

western: bestwschoolinthg‘ ‘21:” Hill]. '1 by



.. n lmethod. rioetoday. . ..

i fl'immmnmsismmmmm





10 Cents





 





We will send you the following set of





ds, Seals, Tags, Etc.





postpaid. The beautiful postcards can 'be sent to friends to whom

you give no presents while the other articles W111 greatly add to the





100 Santa Claus and Maple Leaf Seals



12 Beautiful Colored Christmas Stamps

27 Assorted Christmas Tags and Cards

20 Christmas and New Year Post Cards





separately would cost you about





$1.00. In fact the sets actually cost us twice as much as we are

they take up room we need for other





purposes and we must sell them all now even though we lose money.

You can order as many sets as you Wish.





ONLY IO CENTS WHILE THEY LAST.

Send your order to





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. Detroit. Mich.





TH E. ..:M; 1C. H LGAN EA R M E R





 

 





NOV. 29. 1918.





December SUg‘gcstiOns forF’ruit?’ Gmwe‘rs.





 





December is the month in which the ac-

tive orchard culture must be laid by

and the culture of the man started. Good

cheer. the prevailing spirit of the month,

and the opportunity for calm thought and

study are useful instruments in man cul-

ture. Rightly used, December will thus

become one of the most profitable months

of the year from all standpoints.



This is the first month of relaxation the

fruit grower has had for some time. The

past few months have truly been ones of

strenuousness. both mental and physical.

But now there is time to spruce up a lit-

tle, to look over the untouched pile of

papers and magazines, and feel for a

while like a. man to whom time is no

object.



Isn’t it a pleasure to be free from the

worry of the winds 00nverting some of

the apples into cider stock, of the pick-

ers slow and careless work, or from the

anxiety as to whether the barrel man will

have those barrels delivered before the

supply on hand runs out? Isn't it a real

joy not to have a thing to think about

but feeding the stove and the stock,

toasting shins, milking for exercise, and

going to town for fresh air and the latest

news? .



Most of our greatmen have found it

advisable after going through a, period of

strenuous work, to rest up by taking a.

little trip. They find that it pays to get

away from the scene of activity, to get a

change of scenery for awhile. The fruit

growers of this state have an excellent

Opportunity for such a trip. Every year

the State Horticultural Society has its an-

nual meeting during the first week in

December. It not only offers opportunity

for relaxation, but it is a three-day feast

for the head and heart which every fruit

grower in justice to himself and his work

\Vords of wisdom are giv-

en by fruit experts of the country. Men

in this state tell of the local problems and

their Solution. From them you will learn

the Causes of your poor results and re-

ceive light on many of the things which

seemed hazy to you during the sermon.

But best of all is the hearty hand clasp,

and the giVe and take of the past sea-

son‘s experiences with your fellow grow-

ers. This is where the heart is made

glad. Therefore the mingling with others

of your occupation before and after the

meetings should not be missed.



Attend the State Meeting Next Week.



The meetings this year are to be held

at Traverse City, December 2-3-4. It is

a little out of the way, but it is a place

you ought to visit. They are doing things

up there in the way of fruit growing, and

it is almost certain that you will find an

abundance of good natured enthusiasm

there.



Among those on the program are: Clark

Allis, one of the most successful fruit

growers in western New York; R. E. Han-

ley, of Chicago, who will give us light on

the marketing end of the fruit business;

Roland Merrill, who will discusg the fruit

which made him famous, the peach; and

“C G. Farnsworth, of Ohio, who is al-

ways worth hearing. Prof. H. J. Eustace

and O. K. \Vhite will represent the Hort-

icultural Department of M. A. C. l’rof.

Eustace will talk on the cherry industry

and spraying, and Mr. \K'hite will tell why

some Michigan fruit growers do not se-

cure better crops. From them you will

get enough pointers to be worth the trip.



Enough of the program has been sug-

gested above to make every fruit grower

want to leave his home for three days and

beat paths for Traverse City. Enough

live lOpiCS discussed by live men have

been left unmentioned to make him want

to be there from the time of the opening

ceremonies until the lights are turned out

on the last day.



The various fruit ShOWS about the state

are also valuable. Even if they are only

local affairs. they are worth going to. W'e

learn big things, things that would be of

great advantage _to us in unexpected

places. It is often right at our dooryard

that we get things of greatest value. So

it behooves us for our own benefit to at-

tend all of these big and little doings. The

man who is public spirited gains more by

his public spiritedness than the public

does, and there is no greater educator or

developer of personality than a sane and

healthful commlngling with our fellow-

men.



Reviewing 1913.



Sitting by the fire with one's feet

stretched under the stove and the cat in

one‘s lap, gives an excellent opportunity

to think, which by the way, is a very





 





healthful and profitable exercise it not





carried to excess. We have an excellent

opportunity. to review the past season in

quietness and comfort—that is if the chil-

dren do not make too much noise. But

even under such conditions we should en-

deavor to find where we could have done

better. Time spent in thought like this

will reveal to us many little things which

could have been done to make our work

more efficient and still more econOmical.

Large business organizations pay special

men to do this very thing, and it pays

them a big profit in the savings they make

each year. Growers need not pay effi-

ciency men. as they are called, but will

greatly profit by acting in that capacity

themselves. It may have paid us to have

thrown the old spray rig in the junk

heap, or better yet, taking a course, or

reading a good book on the making and

mysteries of a gasoline engine. This pre-

cau..6n might have paid us a. thousand

fold for the time- and trouble of study.

Ignorance of the engine may be the most

serious trouble in our spraying work" A

llttle different arrangement with refer-

ence to the pickers and the packing table

at harvesting time might have saved sev-

eral cents per barrel in the cost of har-

vesting, and a figuring up of the COM of

harvesting a barrel may enlighten us as

to where some of the profits go. Maybe

the picking receptacles were not of a con-

venient type. and the loss of time from

this source may more than pay for a large

number of convenient picking bags. Poor

picking receptacles also make more liable

the bruising of the fruit which would be

another source of loss. These are only a

few of the things that we might give

profitable consideration at this time.





 





OAKLAND COUNTY HORTICULTURAL.

MEETING. I





 





The November meeting of the Oakland

COunty Horticultural Society was held at

Milford, November 8, in con unction with

the Milford Farmers’ Club. Although the

day was cloudy, dark and windy. there

was a large number of farmers and their

Wives present.



The country around Milford is well

adapted to fruit growing, and being with—

in easy access to Detroit by railroad and

good wagon roads, the opportunities for

making money from apples, peaches and

small fruits, are good. The crowns of the

sharp hills are ideal places for cherry or-

chards, and by utilizing the auto truck

the fruit could be picked and delivered to

consumers in Detroit the same day. For

such purposes the almost barren and al-

most valueless places could be made to

produce crops which would sell for more

money than what can be produced on the

low and level landS.



Mr. A. M. Bullock, of Lapeer, was pres-

ent and gave a talk on “Fertility for the

Orchard.” He said his orchard soil is

heavy clay. For several years be cultivated

1t and finally concluded that he was ex-

hausting the humus. His trees did not

grow to suit him and the fruit was not

well colored. The dealers called his Bald-

wm apples Gray Baldwins. He sowed

June clover and the trees put'on a more

thrifty appearance and the fruit showed

more color. While the flavor of the fruit

might not have been improved, he claimed

that consumers seemed to prefer the

nicely colored apples. He gave much

credit to the clover.



The discussion which followed was both

spirited and interesting. Mr. L. R. Hunt-

or, of South Lyon, an experienced and

extensive apple grower, said that he could

not agree with the speaker as to the plan

of managing the apple orchard. No one

rule could be made to work to the best

advantage in all cases. Trees depend a

good deal on the air and the mmsture in

the soil. The nutrients come, of course,

from the soil. The best means fOr hold-

ing the moisture for the use of the trees

IS the dust mulch. If about the first of

August the right kind of cover crops are

sown in the orchard, to check the growth

of the trees. and prepare them for win-

ter. then by plowing under the cover crop

the following spring. the humus can be

maintained and the nitrogen necessary for

the growth of the trees will be supplied.

\Vhen conditions indicate the necessity for

the use of potash and phosphoric acid, he

believed in applying those plant foOdS. He

mentioned one of his orchards where the

fertility had been supplied with barnyard

manure which he had applied every other

year.



Mr. W. D. Flint, of Novi. talked about

“The Efficiency of the Auto Truck.” Af-

ter having had a conSiderable experience

in marketing fruit with a. truck, he con-

cludes that one not only saves the farm

horses, but that they are a great time—

suver. A large quantity of fruit can be

hauled to market in a short period of

lime. Fruit can be allowed to ripen un-

til at its best. and then delivered to cus-

tomers just at a time when it will give

the best satisfacion. The auto truck can

be utilized to advantage on the farm at

all times of the year when the roads are

in a suitable con ition. He remarked

that many owners f trucks are- prone to





overload, them.

Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.





Cut clons for grafting in December. Tie

in .bundles and pack in moist sand. «





 





 





 





 





.‘T‘
:1





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





NOV. 29, 1913.





Q!lllllllIlIIlllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllHllllllllllllllllll|lIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll:





= ":"l





   





filllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIHWIIWWWWIIWIlllllllllllllllllllllllllll





CONDuorran BY .conotN c. LILLIE‘





llllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllll'—





 

 





 





 





Which is the cheapest feed to buy; cot-

tonSleed meal that is two years old, at $1

per cwt., or fresh cottonseed meal at $1. 50

per cwt., to feed to dairy cows?



Eaton Co. SUBSCRIBER.





If last year’s cottonseed meal is prime

meal and has been kept in a dry place

there is no reason why it isn’t just as

good today as it was the day it was

stacked up. If it has been kept dry it

has not deteriorated in value. undoubt-

edly. And I don’t see why it isn‘t just

as good as the new meal. I certainly

would take a chance with it at the prices

mentioned, and I believe that you would

get just as good results with prime meal

a year old as yOu would from freshly

ground meal. So far as my experience

and observation goes, cottonseed meal

does not deteriorate by being held for a

considerable length of time like Corn meal.

VV-hen you grind Indian corn the fat in

the meal seems to ferment or deteriorate

and it loses its fine flavor, and conse-

quently I do not like to buy corn meal in

a commercial way. I would sooner buy

the corn and grind it myself and have it

perfectly fresh, but cottOnseed meal be-

ing cooked before it is pressed out doesn‘t

deteriorate in this way. It doeSn‘t lose

its flavor by being held over. Not only

that but we don’t get any of it until af-

ter it would have lost its best flavor any-

way, and I am quite certain that you will

find the old meal will give just as Satis-

factory results as the new meal.





 





A GOOD RATION.





_-





Is this a geod ration for my milch c0ws?

If not will you tell me in what way I can

change it? Mammoth clover, bean fodder.

shreddedr cornstalks for roughage each

once a day. Cottonseed meal, one part;

wheat bran. one part; ground feed, two

parts. Ground feed consists of two parts

cob meal, one part oats. Expect to feed

one pound of grain mixture to.each four

pounds of milk given. If this is not a.

good ration will you please suggest a.





change?

“’a‘shtepaw Co. F. C.





I can criticise this ration only in the

most‘faVOrable way. It is a. splendid one.

With the roughage which F. C. has on

hand, 'h‘e'vhasplanned the grain mixture

so as .to' make a balanced ration and he

intends to feed grain in connection with

this roughage in about the right propor-

tion. There is nothing to be said against

it. I would simply offer this suggestion.

that in mixing the cottonseed meal with

the other grains one is liable to not have

it thoroughly mixed, and if he has heavy

producers and feeds one pound of grain to

every four pounds of milk he may, in





 





some instances feed more cottonseed meal





than is necessary or desirable and so I

would suggest that you feed the cotton-

seed meal separately, and not feed over

two pounds per day to any cow. The

smaller producers I wouldn’t feed that

much’. In no instance would I feed over

two pounds. Then mix your grain, your

bran and your corn and cob meal and

oats together'in the proportion which you

haVe suggested and feed enough of that

to make’ one pound of grain for overy

four pounds of milk produced. This pre-

caution of course might be entirely un—

necessary but I am afraid. to feed too

much cottonseed meal. I would rather be

on the safe side, and I offer thismerely

as a suggestion. '





WHAT GRAIN TO FEED WITH 0L0-

VER HAY.





 





I am milking five cows for the winter

and have noth‘ing'but clover hay. Would

like to know what kind of feeds, would

be best for producing the mast milk.



Saginaw Go.‘ ‘ . Sunscnmnn.





Since clover hay is not quite as rich in

protein in, pmportion to carbohydrates as

alfalfa, the grain ration could be varied

Somewhat and make it more economical.

While I think earn and oat chop would be

the best kind of grain to feed in connec-

tion with alfalfa as an entire roughage

ration, with clover hay it would be an

excellent thing to mix a. little bran with

the corn and oat chop. For instance, if

you would, mix corn meal, ground oats

and wheat bran together in equal parts

by weight and feed in connection with

clover hay it would make a, nicely bal-

anced ration and a good one. It would,





of course, be a little expensive and so

would





the ration with alfalfa alone as





' Sive feeds.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





because these are all expen-

I think everybody should have

Some kind of roughage to feed that can't

be disposediof to advantage for cash.' In

the ,whOle list of coarSe feeds there is

nothing equal to corn silage. No other





roughage.





iced can be grown as cheaply and it fur-





nishes a. succulent food. Then, too, where

a man ‘ has ' corn, or bean, fodder that





would otherwise bring him nothing, he'





can work this into a ration for'dairy cows.

or some other kind of live stock, and get

something out of it, and sell it for cash

to the cow. IVhere there is nothing but

good salable bay to feed for roughage it

makes the ratiOn somewhat expensive,

but with good cows he would probably

be able to turn a profit even at that.



THE TUBERCULIN TEST AND THE



FARMER.





 





(Continued from first page).



The cost of putting the stable into a.

sanitary condition in which to put the

cows after they have been tested, is an-

other proposition. It is one that ought to

be attended to anyway, and one which the

law will compel a man and really does

compel a man to attend to now, who

wants to sell his milk for market milk.

fOr human consumption direct, unless it

is from tuberculin tested cows or unless

it has been pasteurized so that the germs

of tuberculosis have. been destroyed. I

will go farther and say that I believe the

time is coming when no farmer can sell

butter or cheese that is made frOm milk

where the cows are not tuberculin tested

unless the cream or milk from which it is

made has been pasteurized in order to

destroy these germs. It may be some

little time before this comes, but I am

sure that it is coming, and really it is the

only way to clean up our herds of tuber-





culosis. To ask the milkmen, the men

who sell milk direct, to clean up their

herds is only going a short way. The re-





sults are only temporary, because the

milkman must buy his supply of cows

from the outside. If he buys them from

infected herds then he- is liable to intro-

duce tuberculosis into his herd again.

Certainly after he has cleaned up his

herd he should not buy any animals be-

fore he tests them for tuberculosis.‘But

when the time comes that nobody can

sell butter or cheese from cows that are

not free from tuberculosis, then we will

have a. cleanup all along the line, which

will be permanent. Then by having sta-

bles properly ventilated and properly

lighted in the winter time there is very

little danger of this disease occurring

again.



But over and above the material stand-

point for argument in favor of the tuber-

culin test there is really another argu-

ment, and that is a. moral one. I am not

prepared to say just how much danger

there is of children, consuming milk from

infected cows, getting tuberculosis. I am

one of those who believe that the danger

is not very great, and yet Scientists seem

to have demonstrated that it is possible,

and this being the case we must admit

that it is possible. Therefore when a

farmer sells milk from infected COWS to

be used as a food for children, even ba-

bies, in the cities, a grave responsibility

rests upon his shoulders. No farmer, I

take it, who believes that there is a

chanCe for a child to get tuberculosis

from infected milk would want to sell

milk from infected cows. It is too grave

a responsibility for any man to assume.

And if.he looks this subject all over care-

fully and cOnScientiouSly I think it is evi-

dent that he will see that it is up to him

to free his herd from tuberculosis and

keep it free from tuberculosis if he in-

tends to sell his milk for direct consump—

tion for the people in the city. Not only

this, but the members of his own family

are in danger. I don't think any grave





'danger, but scientists tell us that there is





danger. It may be that not one in ten

thousand would get tuberculosis from an

infected animal, but who wants to be

responsible for that one in ten thousand.

It is a. very grave responsibility which I

assume that no man, who understands it.

wants to shoulder.

COLON C. LILLIE.





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THE_ MICHIGAN FARMER





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.

Silage as a Feed for Sheep.

Will you adviSe me if com silage can

be fed successfully to sheep? I have un—

derstood that feeding it for three or four

years would cause disease in flock. If I

put up‘ silo in spring it would be for the

special purpose of feeding sheep. Would

like to hear other farmers' experience on

this subject. .

Kent CO. C. L. F.





Formerly it was supposed that silage

was valuable only as a feed for the dairy

cow, and there was considerable skep-

ticism among many dairymen with regard

to the effects of silage on cows to which

it was fed for a number of years. Even

at the present time, there are a number

of farmers who contend that silage is

detrimental to. cows, notwithstanding the

fact that experienced dairymen have ev-

erywhere considered that it is an indis-

pensable feed where dairylng is prac—

ticed. There is no doubt but that so far

as the dairy cow is concerned. that any

injurious effects which are noted. are due

to improper methods of feeding ensilage,

rather than to the feed itself. This also,

without question holds true with sheep,

and wherever unfavorable results have

been noted in the feeding of silage to

sheep, it will generally be found that the

trouble is due to the fact that feeders

have tried to make it the main part of

the ration, instead of using it simply to

provide the needed succulency in the ra-

tion. Unquestionably a succulent feed is

practically a necessity in the ration, where

the best results are to be secured with

the early lamb crop. The English mutton

breeds of sheep have been almost devel-

oped on a ration composed largely of

roots. Where roots are available, they

will furnish this desired factor -of succu-

leile in the ration, but where they are

unavailable ensilage may be made to take

their place with very satisfactory results.

It should, however, be made from very

well matured corn, and fed only in limited

quantities with other factors in the ra-

tion such as will make a proper balance

of the food nutrients contained in the re.-

tion. It should be fed in connection with

hay of good quality. preferably clover or

alfalfa, and in connection with a' light

grain ration composed of bran, oats and

oil meal. In practically every case where

silage has been fed thus intelligently, no

deleterious results have been noted, and

the flock owner has become a prominent

advocate of ensilage as a succulent factor

in the ration for the breeding fl0ck as well

as the feeding Sheep or lambs.





Molasses as a' Stock Food.



I am intending to feed molasses to my

stock this winter and I am at a loss as

to how and how much and how often

to feed to animals. Is it a good feed for

hogs and cows, or is it just used for

horses? And would it be wise to feed it

to spring calves which I intend to winter?

I also would like a recipe for some good

medicine to prevent horses from getting

indigestion during the winter months. I

imight add that I am feeding Sal-Vet «to

my horSes.



l Ogemaw Co. H. W. B.



Molasses .has been need much more 6!-

tensively in some other countries than in

the United States, and in every case it

ihas been found a valuable addition to the

ration, from the standpoint of its pala-

tability and healthfulnees. and in many

cases it has proven an economic factor in

the ration, particularly for horses. In his

wOrk on Profitable Stock Feeding, Prof.

H, R. Smith. of Nebraska, quotes from an

article by J. H. Berns, in the American

Veterinary Review, in which he- reports

an experiment in the feeding of molasses

to horses, in which one hundred horseS,

averaging 1,700 pounds in Weight, at heavy

work, were used. These horses were fed

night and morning one quart each of mo—

lasses diluted with three quarts of water

mixed with six pounds of cut hay, 1.5

pounds of corn meal and 2.5 quarts of

bran, the noon meal consisting of five

quarts of oats, and an additional feed of

hay was given at night. In this report

Mr. Bems says: “Molasses of a good

quality is a most nutritious food for

horses, easily digested and assimilated,

and will in many cases correct faulty di-

gestive process, and horses will do fully

as much work and at the same time re-

main as a rule in much better condition

than animals fed. on dry feed solely. and

the cost of feeding is reduced 85 to 33 ‘per

cent.” This latter factor would, of course.

depend on the relative cost of' feeds. This

author, however, calculates that one quart





 





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of molasses is equivalent to three or four

quarts of oats as a horse feed when fed

in proper combination with other feeds.

Prof. Henry, in his work on Feeds and

Feeding, refers to experiments in Sweden,

where 3.3 pounds of molasses was fed

daily to dairy cows by diluting with twice

its weight of water and pouring it over

the feed. Work horses were fed 2.2 lbs.

daily, and pigs were successfully fed mo-

lasSes with skim~milk. At the Texas sta-

tion, molasses was fed in combination

with cottonseed bulls and cottonseed meal

to fattening steers, with good results.

When: it was fed in connection with sil-

age, less profitable results were secured.

There seems to be no question that mo-

lasses intelligently fed is a. valuable addi-

tion to the ration for most animals, one

important factor in its beneficial effect

being that of palatability.

question but that palatability is an im-

portant factor in the effectiveness of any

ration. and the addition of molasses to

other feeds doubtless increases their pal-

atabillty to an extent which produces ben-

eficial results somewhat out of proportion

to the actual value of the elemehts of nu-

trition in the molasses itself. Cane mo-

lasses contains, according to Henry, aobut

50 per cent of sugar and 121,5 per cent

gums. He compares it to corn in the

matter of its content and ratio of nutri-

which is a. suggestion as to the

manner in which it should be fed when

used other than as an appetizer. For this

reason it will unquestionably give better

concmic results when fed in connection

with cats, and bran when fed to horses

and other stock than when fed in connec-

tion with corn or when fed in connection

with clover or alfalfa hay than when fed

in combination with corn silage or corn

stover in the ration. But aSlde from the

economic consideration and the relative

feeding value of molasses as compared

with other feeds from the standpoint of

its nutrients alone, there would Seem to

be no doubt from the experimental evi-

dence at hand and the opinion of the best

authorities on feeding, that it may profit-

ably be used to at least a. limited extent

in the feeding of all kinds of live stock.

on account of the increased palatubillty

of the ration and the apparent beneficial

effects produced on the animal's digestion.





The best recipe to prevent horses from'





getting indigestion is to feed them intel-

ligently and give them a. proper amount of

exercise. If the horses are not worked

regularly, they should be turned out for

exercise every pleasant day.





 





THE FARMER'S PORK BARREL.

Cutting up the Hogs, and Salting the

Pork.



I use a sheep ax to out up hogs. It

cuts the bones better than a. saw, and

much quicker. The bones are not crush-

ed, and the meat is not filled with bone

sawdust. There are no bones in a. hog

except the jaws and teeth, that will dull

a. sharp ax, and the heads can be cut with

a dull one. ‘



For cutting up we tame a bench made

from a thick oak plank 18 inches wide and

six feet long. A hog is taken down from

where it hangs, and placed, legs up, on

the chopping bench. The head is first re-

moved and laid aside to be attended to

later. The hog is then split down the

center of the back bone with a sharp ax,

care being taken to cut only through the

bone—the thick meat along the backbone

being out true and smooth with a knife.

One-half the carcass is laid aside to be

attended to later and from the other on

the bench the “leaf," or kidney lard, is

removed, then the sparerib is taken out.

care being taken to cut smoothly without

hggiing. and to take neither too much nor

too little meat with the ribs Spareribs

can be made too spare, and more meat

can be left on than is desirable. All the

backbone is removed with the spareribs.

It is better eating when fresh than after

suiting. There is a small strip of lean

meat clinging to the backbone called the

“tenderloin" which should be removed

and eaten fresh, as it is considered a

great delicacy then and not so good when

salted. The ham and shoulder are next

removed and are modeled in oval shape

for fine appearance. .The clippings from

these. and other parts, are laid aside for

sausage.



The side pork is cut in strips about four

inches wide, extending from the back to





There is no.





NOV. 29, 1913.





the. belly... ....The.. thickest... pork. near. file

back ls~1neerlyell fit, and ignited by ite

Self. The thinner parts of these strips,

next lo lhe,,_bclly is bacon. jl-lame, shoul-

ders, and becomare put into}; vessel by

themselves and the thick pork into a. dif-

ferent vessel for sailing. ,



Formerly we used oaken' barrels,

the hoops rotted, and they leaked. We

now prefer to salt meat in large earthen

jars Which hold 25 gallons each. They are

more easily washed, do not get- fainted,

and never leak. Our reason for salting in

separate vessels is this: The thick pork

needs all the salt it will take to keep

well, but. the hams, shoulders and bacon

should be salted only enough to suit the

taste. They are not salted but put into

a brine made with eight pounds of salt,

two pounds of brown sugar, t'wo quarts

of New Orleans molasses, and tw0 ounces

of saltpeter, diSSoIved in four gallons of

water for every 100 pounds of meat. Make

enough brine in these proportions to cov—

er the- meat completely to the depth of

two inches over the meat, and keep it

from floating by placing a stone on it. By

having two inches of brine above the

meat the scum, if any gathers on top,

can be skimmed off.



Hams and shoulders weighing not more

than 18 pOunds will be thoroughly salted

in six weeks, but need not be taken out

until ready to smoke in the spring, as

they will get no saltier'. The jowls, beirfg

very bloody, should be washed before

sailing. The thick side pork is packed as

solidly in the vessel as possible, using

plenty 0f coarse salt between the layers,

and filling all the cavities. The brine is

made with dairy salt because it will dis—

solve so much quicker and does not re-

quire so much stirring. It is not put on

the meat until three days after Baiting.



Pennsylvania. J. W. INGRAM.





_L|VE STOCK NEWS.





 





No matter how low cattle of an unde-

sirable quality may go in the markets of

the country, prime little yearling steers





are constantly moving upward. nearly ev- '





cry week seeking a small advance. Re-

cently there was a top of $9.85 per 100 lbs.

for yearlings in the Chicago market, with

the best hcaVy beeves crossing the scales

at $9.35. This sufficiently illustrates the





great difference in the demand for the two '





kinds of cattle. baby beef being enor-

mously popular, while heavy cattle haVe

but a. limited sale. There has been quite

a widening out in prices for beef steers in

recent weeks. and while prime cattle have

sold higher, the commoner lots have gone

lower. It is highly probable that this

widening of values will become still great-

erc as the season advances, and stock

feeders should use care in finishing off

their cattle and avoid marketing them in

poor condition.



Word comes from Texas that grass and

water are unusually abundant, good sea—

sonable rains having fallen, and large

numbers of cattle will be pastured through

the winter season. A Short time ago a





train of cattle left Kansas bound for Tex- .





as. These cattle were brought up from





Texas last spring, but they failed to gain ,





flesh during the Summer because of the

drought.

from Oklahoma. and Kansas to Texas

grazing districts. and large cattle feedings





in the range districts of western and-





southern Texas. where the grass is high

and luxuriant, will go some way to make

up for the marked decline in feeding op—

erations in most parts of the southwest.

where there was a. scrious shortage of the

corn crop. In parts of Texas water holes

that had been dry for three to four years





‘are once more filled to overfiOwlng. and





springs are again running, relieving the

farmers and ranchers.



During the recent convention in Chi-

cago of the American Meat Packers' As-

sociation it was decided to raise a fund

of half a million dollars to be expended

for the purpose of encouraging the de-

velopment of the beef cattle breeding and

feeding industry, and a committee was

appointed to consider the question how

the money could be used with the best

results. The committee has arrlved at

a plan, to be announced later. A promi-





nent Chicago packer expresses the opinr





ion that the committee's report will carry

with it a good deal of encouragement for

raismg beef cattle. He says: "Our graz-

ing facilities must be developed if famine

prices for beef in the next ten years are

to be averted." He admits that the new

thrift will bring in a good deal of Cana-

dian and some South American beef. but

the Canadian beef-will prove of only tem-

porary help in meeting the market de-

mand, while the Argentine beef is not of

the choicest quality. The packers are

heartily in favor of sending out agents

through the country to talk personally

with farmers and pointing out the profits

to be derived from raising cattle.





It is reported that many corn belt cat-

tle feeders have switched over to‘ feeding

lambs and sheep because of the dearness

and unattractive appearance of many of

the stock cattle offered in western and

eastern. markets. Immense numbers of

range. feedinglambs have been shipped

into feeding districts of Wisconsin. Mich-

igan.‘ Ohio, Indiana, Illinois. Iowa and~

other states, and many farmers have

bought good breeding ewes. with the in—

tention of having flocks of their own rais-

ed on the farms.





 





but ‘





Many cattle are being shipped.
.. on......i. I...“ .-





,fi .





 





NOVL 29, 1913.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





7-—491





 





—'lllllllllllllIlllliIllllllllllllllllllllIlllIllllllllll|llllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllIlllllIlllllllIIIIlHIlllllllllllHill|llllHIllllllillllllllllllll|lIlllllHIllIHIIIIlllllllllllilllllllIlllHI"IlllIlHllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllE





 





%



Poultry and Bees.

E ' s

EIllllllllllllllllllllll|IIIllIllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllll|l||l|||illilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllll||!lllllllIlllllllllllllllIlllllllllllIlll|lllIllIllllllll'llllllllllllllllllll|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllfi

VENTILATING THE POULTRY HOUSE. which is the reSult of poor ventilation. A





 





The hen must have a greater quantity

of fresh air, in proportion. to her body

weight, than any other creature on the

farm, but it is imperative that this air be

provided without the presence of drafts.



The hen has a very high temperature,

as compared with other animals. It av-

erages about 106 degrees F., while that of

the horse averages 100 degrees under nor-

mal conditions, A high temperature in-

dicates that combustion must go on very

rapidly. The body acts in the same man-

ner as a stove. If the stove keeps up a

constant temperature of 106 degrees, the

drafts will need to be opened wider than

if it keeps. up a temperature of 100 de—

grees only. So We see that for the rapid

combustion that is necessary in the body

of the hen, much fresh air is necessary.

King, in his Physics of Agriculture, esti-

mates that a horse weighing 1,000 lbs.

breathes a little leSS than 3,500 cubic feet

of air every 24 hours. Also that a. 1,000-

lb. cow requires less than 3,000 cubic feet,

while 200 five-pound hens, weighing the

same as the horSe or the cow, will breath

over 8,000 cubic feet of air in the same

length of time. It thus appears that if a

horse and a. flock of hens are of the same

weight, the hens will require more than

twice the amount of air given the horse.



Steering Clear of Drafts.



At the same time that fresh air is nec—

essary, it is also essential that it be sup-

plied in constant amounts and that the

'henhouse be SO arranged that the air will

not come in drafts. This does not mean

that the house must be built over. There

is hardly a henhouse on any farm in

Michigan that cannot be well ventilated

at the expense of only a little time and

money. Probably a dollar would do this

in most cases, and the loss of two fowls

would amount to that sum.



we often notice that fowls roosting out

of doors all winter seldom have frozen

combs. As a rule, it is those fowls which

are most comfortably housed that are

most affected in this respect. The frozen

comb is caused by this organ becoming

heated in the daytime and then suddenly

cooling below freezing temperature at

night. It thus becomes evident that the

henhouse may be kept quite cool and still

result in .no harm to the fowls, provided

the temperature is about the same day

and night. If a henhouse is 12 or 14 feet

from front to back and has two windows.

it may be easily ventilated by usmg mus-

lin cloth over the open windows. Of

course, the roosts should not be directly

between the two windows. It may be

necessary in some cases to first stretch

chicken wire over the open window so as

to give the muslin cloth something to rest

against, thus guarding against its being

torn by heavy winds.



Now of necessity there will be a light

draft through the house, but the roosts

are so far back that the draft will not

circulate back far enough to get to them,

This will give the fowls plenty of air

without subjecting them to drafts.



Carrying Foul Air Away Quickly.



King, in his -I’hysics of Agriculture,

again points out that the poisonous prin-

ciple given off in the breath of one hen is

much more poisonous in its effects if rc-

breathed-by other individuals than if re~

breathed by the same fowl. Since we'of-

ten find 50 or 75 fowls in a single pen, the

bad air should be carried off as quickly

as possible, that the hens may not be

compelled to inhale air that has passed

through the lungs of another fowl.



The hen cannot sweat. As has been

stated. her temperature is very high and

so waste body products are formed and

given off Very rapidly. Furthermore. all

that matter which passes off as urine in

other animals must be passed from the

body of the hen by the respiratory Sys-

tem, and so we see that she has only two

avenues for the escape of the waste pro-

ducts. In order to do the work that is

imposed upon her, nature has very wisely

provided her not only with a good pair of

lungs but also with a system of air sacks

which’extend '-to all parts of the body and

is even connected with the cavities in the

bones. This elaborate arrangement pro-

vides the fowl with means of passing off

the w'aSte materials which are formed by

the rapid oxidation constantly going on

within her body



The air Should be dry. Vei‘y often we

find in the henhbuse a. damp atmosphere





rapid change of air keeps the atmosphere

dry, while air that is allowed to remain

still soon becomes charged with moisture

given off by the fowls.



In conclusiOn, do not allow the hens to

roost in a draft but give them plenty of

fresh air, This enables the body to do its

work thorOughly and keeps the fowl in a

healthy, thrifty condition. Unless kept in

this condition we cannot, with any de-

gree of justice, expect her to lay the

greatest possible number of eggs.



Ingham Co. I. .I. MATHEWS.





HOME MARKETING OF HONEY.





 





The problem of marketing honey at

home has caused many to follow the

course of least resistance, that of sending

their honey to the cities and receiving a

much lower price than would be possible

to obtain in their own town or vicinity.

This is not an- invariable rule, however,

as some places cannot use the entire

amount that is produced in the locality.

By studying the situation much can be

done with the home market, no matter

how small and discouraging.



This question will receive much thought

and attention from producers this year,

as a very large honey crop has been ob-

tained in the north-central states. Honey

markets in the large cities are overcrowd-

ed—“more honey than We ever had” they

say. This will cause the market. to weak-

en and drOp in these centers. Never was

the advice, “market at home," more

needed.



A surprisingly large trade, with good

profits, can be built up in every small

town. This will bring an increasing rev-

enue every year if one produces only hon-

ey of the best quality, honey that is of

good body and fine flavor. If you produce

extracted honey, do not extract until the

honey is fully ripened and capped.



A plan that has been very successful in

building up a trade is that of giving away

a sample of honey and personally talking

with the lady of the house. A can of





extracted honey is taken to the house and .

She is told .





the lady of the house sought.

that you are not selling hone-y today. but

that you are giving it away. Ask her

for a dish that you may give hera sam-

ple. This can easily bedrawn from the

can by means of a honey gate. A little

talk on who you are, where you live, and

that you produce the best grade of honey

possible, should follow. Give the price per

pound of comb and extracted, and if you

have it put up in pails, tell the number

of pounds they contain and the price.

You need not hesitate to ask two cents

per pOund more for your,extracted honey

if well ripened.



The sizes of cans that I find best suit-

ed for the trade, are two, five and 10

pound. You can go through the country

and sell a large number of 10-pound pails

to farmers.



Explain to customers that honey is an

excellent food, with many medicinal prop-

erties, and that it should be on every ta-

ble daily. In many cases you receive an

order for a small quantity, which shows

that you have made a good impression

and a beginning. If not, leave a card

with your name and address printed on

the front, and on the back the sizes of

the cans and the prices. If you have

comb honey, that may be quoted also, in

single comb or case lots. Tell the cus-

tomer that in ordering it is only necessary

to sign the card, mark what is wanted

and mail it.





The giving of a post card aplary scene1





or swarm of bees, either at the time of

calling or after some time has elapsed,

has worked well. This brings in many

orders as it creates interest and talk

about bees and honey. At the time of

delivering an order a. little booklet giving

recipes for maying medicine from honey,

for cooking, and telling the food value of

honey will create an increased consump-

tion of honey. Such booklets entitled.

“Food Value of Honey,” or “Honey as a

Food.” can be obtained at low prices

from bee- supply houses. '



A small town can thus be made to use

up a very large amount of honey and at





a better profit to the producer than if





sent" to cities. The cards cost little and

the booklets need only be used once.

The second year you will be surprised

how readily your crop can be disposed of.

Shiawassee Co. N. F, GUTE.





 





 





 





[or this great

with its‘ wear and warmth

quality.





Hancs





you do get the exclusive leatwlés 0

that make the best single gar \

sold for a half-dollar or the best



suits that a dollar ever bough“c





'Now. read further and knc§w





Is what you 8



service. These are thee eatures '

that mark l-fifines Winte *U‘ncler-

wear as the biggestg due hfor



the monsfii on e it: ‘

elastic c arelte \\ at hug;e



tight to





 





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6‘





s‘





IELA srlqoirzwr





UNDERWV ‘-





0M6 col

oulders thilt wont sag or





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Qwerii,

“litfie unbreakable seam

uglier rips. If It does rip, you go





”’ll/If





winter underwear

and

You get no frills with

Winter Underwear, but“





11$an'





HANES





 

 





§

fight for all“ §round ‘-





It? and keeps



e reinforced

improved cufis



sbn a“clinging tightly to





smitten you go to town look up ‘

cont find the dealer who sells it. Write to us l§r his name} ,

otter underwear at lower cost, l‘ong





P. H. HANES KNITTING COMPANY §

Winston-Salem, N.





 





   





 





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50¢ a Garment ‘

Union Suit, $1





 





 





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llTTlE GEM HATGHERIES





. “(500031000st cost only 40¢. each.

-' r. 'cIIuIIIII. mum" mm.





BHTnUfsi‘KEYB— —Lar

Drakes l2 Ducks $1.





BOURBON BED lUBKEYS’E‘éfif‘h‘Eo.





MRS. 0. L. MAGEE.





Over

in use. Send stain for catalog:

"on comma llllno

POULTRY .





3611 with fine plumage Toms 86

Fawn nan w hite Indian Runner ducks

Collar Bros" Oocpersville. Mic h





Tome $3 and

Address.





Boyne Falls. Michigan.





 





FOB SALE’%‘£.%?°

Fred





$1.50 each. Mrs.





Bourbon Red Turkeys S4 and

Silver Wyandotte cockerele

lies. New Hudson. Mich.





BABBEO BOOK OOOKEBELS"§.‘°’.."%‘?"&§$’ {$3.331





Winners for 10 years. J. A. Barnum,





nlon City. Mich.





 





Barred Bock Oockmls and Hens, Bargain Prices

W. O. OOFFMAN. R. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich.





I\





 





3 Cents Per llod Op





Double al-

Lowp can





compare

THE BROWN FENOI &





 





 





FARM FENOE





4| INCHES HIGH



100 other styles of 2'



Farm, Poultry and

GENTS



duler’ s-profit- din-ices. Our A ROD



large catalog is free.





Lawn Fencing direct

KITSELIIAN 3808. Box 218Uuncie. Ind





 





from factory at save-the-





 





 





 





i

a

PllIZE IIIIIIIIIIc has. liar-.32.; “as has:





Runner and Pekin. duoks,‘ 5303‘ trio. circular free.

EMWOOD FARM R.No. 3 Grand Rapids. Mich.





OLUMBIA Wyondottes. Winners at 0hioauo.Grnnd

Rapids. South Bend and St Jose 11. Stock and eggs-

. RICHARD BAWYER. Benton arbor. Michigan.





INE CREST WHITE URPINGTONB won at State

Bait lot and 3rd oockexol. lot. and 3rd hen and

lot pullet. out of seven entries. Stock for sale.

Mrs. Willis Hough. Pine Crest. Farm. Royal Oak. Mich.





LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY





:BPWRocks,nIBodlnndBO.W. cruel.

for sale. lb for 81:03 for $1.:50 50 for

OOLONO L1.LLIIi (ioopcrsvillcfi0 Mich.

sILVER. GOLDEN and WHITE WYANDOTTES.

White Stock Especially good. send or circular.

Browning‘ s Wyandotte Form. B. 30. Portland. i.oh





: l “Y‘NDOTTEs—Bred from great laying strain

of blue ribbon birds. .2 each.



Satisfaction guaranteed. . E, chd my. Ithaca. Mich.

“71311 E WYANDOT'IE COOKERELS from heavy

its





layers and thorou hbred stock. S2 up

Wants . ANKLI SMITLI Ann Arbor. Mich.





WHITE LEGHORN COOKERELS'VsYér‘A‘iE“





Maple City Poultry Plant. Box O..0hnrlotte1 Mich.





 





DOGS AND F ERRETS.





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





of the best English strains in Ameri-

ca; 40 years ex cricnce in breeding

these fine houn s for my own sport.

I nowS ofler them for sale.



Send stamp for Catalogue.

T. B. HODSPEIIL Slblu. helium 60.. II,





For 8an Scotch Oollic Pugyjcggiggfigé GEES;

from our “Bellfield Queen' eed Four females

85 each. W. E. STANI IELD, Hillsdale. Michigan.





HOUIOS FOB HUNTING “Jigh’fng’fémk FEBBETS





Sand 20 “amp. W. E. LE CRY. Holmesville. Ohio.





2 OOO FEBBEIS Theym‘memsandmbbim Email.

I





medium and lot 9. Prices and book

mailed free. NEWELL A. KNAPg Rochester. Ohio.





FE.RRETs-—For driving rats. rabbits. mink

and locating skunk a Price

list free. BERT EWELL. Wellington. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





Cost [e55





 





W' ”dies last 5 Times as long if





’11 save you big money on your farm gates.

astonisglnsly low prices on CAN; ’I‘ SAG GA'l ES AND GATE STEELS that you simply

't dot to





 

 





 

 





nild cl runny. wood

ed $1. grim and no pipe «to can“ my





id! onazs’ Free 1_'__rial—'§ V_g__ar Guarantee





S-end {or my —big free Gite Cot-log It ones-8;.





I $1" 80 free trial-ad a l 6-,“ —teo.

y C-n'b- (autos outooll on out not ’3' o m'Ro-d who

Whoa you get this book an either select commute CA N

w; ‘entod o: it you mole: you can order out





(6) 80nd forirnu “to Catalog Today _ ..





 





 

 

 





My new catalog quotes such .j





   





FREIGHT PAID PRICE are half what other!





   

 





’0‘ other former: odd stockmon Joy

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Note” Thou Special Footumm ‘ “





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(14.. ' t."
Michigan Farmer

Established 1843.





. The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

39 to ,5 Congress St. West. Detroit. Michigan.

TELEPHONE M4111





HEW Yonx OFFICE—41 Park Row.

01110400 OFFICE—604 Advertising Building.

CLEVELAND OFFICE-doll 1015 Oregon Ave. N. E.





 





 





 





 





   





K. J. LAWRENCE” .. ... ............ .....Prelid0 1.2

M. LAWRENCE .......... ioe-Pmident

I. E. HOUGHTON ............ ..............Eoo. -Treas



I. B. LigATERBURY... ....





s‘um wnauura.



WA.I.LKINS. ..

ALTA LAWSON Lil‘Tl‘lLL ...... .. .... .

E. H. 1101101111011...





0

:3

33





 





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RATES OF ADVERTISING.





40 cents per line agate measurement. or $5. 60 per

. each insertion. No adv' t inserted for less than

‘81.!) per insertion.

0:?No lottery. quack doctor or swindlinc adverthe-

merits inserted at any price

Entered as seconl class matter at the Detroit. Mich-

igan, postoifiee.





COPYRIGHT I9I3

by the Lawrence Pub. 00 All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents of

this issue without our written permission.





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN

FARMEB immedintly upon expiration of time lub-

scribod for, and we will pay all expenses for defending

any suit, brought against any subscriber to The Mich-

igan Farmer by the publisher of any term paper.

which has been sent after the time ordered has expired

providing due notice is sent to us. before an t is started.





DETROIT, NOV. 29, 1913.





 





 





 





ONLY FIFTY CENTS A YEAR!





5





Dear Reader:—V\7hen you are urged to

SubScribe for some other agricultural pa-

per let us ask you to seriously consider a.

few real facts regarding The Michigan

Farmer. It is a weekly of 52 issues a.

year at only 50 cents for a single year

and less for three and five years. It is

published by the strongest, oldest and

most enterprising agricultural publishing

concern in this country. V‘Ve offer no in-

listed priced premiums to the subscriber,

but a. rock bottom price, lower than any

other concern can afford for such a high—

class paper. The Michigan Farmer has

every week from 20 to 40 pages, with from

40 to 60 Eolumns of the very best prac-

tical, instructive, up-to-date and interest-

ing reading matter and illustrations that

41 years of experience, unlimited expendi-

ture and enterprise can produce. “'e are

adapting all of our energies and expendi-

tures to a central subscription field, or

latitude location which makes our prac-

tical matter adaptive, or applicable to the

System of agriculture and crops in this

territory. This and the large amount of

local news, markets, etc., that we pub-

lish for this territory cannot be nearly

equaled by a paper of general circulation

all over the United States. Again, all of





our subscribers receive their paper only'

one day after going to press, which gives





a value to markets and general news that

cannot be given by the general circulation

paper that is of necessity tWO to four





days old when received by the subscrib-r





ers. One other argument, when we re-

duced our subscription price-to 50 cents

one year ago, our competitors and their

agents liberally claimed that the quality

and expense of the Michigan Farmer

would be reduced and the value to the

subscriber diminished. A whole year has,

We claim, abundantly disproved these

claims. We confidently appeal to our

readers to verify our claims that the val-

ue of the paper and actual expense of

publication has increased. We ask’ for

the loyal support of the intelligent agri-

culturists of our subscription field in our

adoption of just subscription terms and

are firm in the belief that we will re-

ceive it.

THE LAWRENCE PUB. CO.





THEY MUST, WBITE THE TRUTH.





 





Most of the firms that advertise in the

Michigan Farmer employ skilled advertlg-

ing men to prepare their advertisements.

It is the business of these men to make

the advertisements tell the whole Story,

as completely as'possible but not 'to ever

tell it.





First of all, the advertisement writer





must tell the truth, the whole,trnth, and.

'ed. exhibits of this kind were made a





nothing but the truth. For untruthful

advertising would soon wreck the busi-

ness of any firm.



Please remember this as you.look over

the advertisements in: this paper. “'e

admit none but reputable advertisers, and





THE.M1CH1€1AN iFAiR‘M‘ERfi





their advertising men are paid to tell you

the truth.





CURRENT COM MENT.





 





In a. ”recent issue of

the Michigan Farm-g

er, an article was

published from the pen of a farmer cor-

respondent who has made- a. special study

of the bean situation, who suggested that

by united action the bean growers of the"

state would be able to get a. price approx-

imating $2.00 per bushel for this season’s

crop. There is also a well defined opinion

which has been frankly expressed by some

dealers engaged in the trade, that grow-

ers should hold back the crop remaining

in their hands so long as the price re-

mains appreciably below that figure. But

notwithstanding the fact that official De-

troit quotations which appear weekly in

our market report have remained close

to the $2.00 mark. prices offered growers

at country loading points have fallen ma-

terially below those quotations, although

early in the marketing seasan, local deal-

ers Were paying about the ofl‘lcial quota-'

tions for the new crop. In view of this

fact. numerous subscribers have asked for

an explanation of the situation.



As has been previOusly noted, the old





The Bean Situation.





crop was practically cleaned up last year, '





the deal being an unsatisfactory one from

every standpoint on account of the poor

averagerquality of the product. More fav-

orable weather conditions at harvesting

time, however, made this year's product

of better than average quality, reducing

materially the time and labor required in

grading, picking and preparing the beans

for the market. The general inclination

on the part of growers to market this

crop as soon as it is ready, accentuated,

no doubt, by last year’s experience. has

resulted in the accumulation of stocks in

the dealers’ hands, and a natural incli-

nation on their part; to beat the price

down to what they consider a. safe spec-

ulative baSis. Some of these beans~—per-

haps most of them—will be held for a.

probable advance in. price, but of course

many of them will be turned over when

they will show a profit which will have a.

tendency to further postpone any advance

in the general market. It is doubtless due

[to a realization of this fact that some

dealers not identified with the two or

three large concerns sometimes referred

to as the “bean trust," freely express the

opinion that growers who have not yet

marketed their crop will make a liberal

profit by holding them for a later market.



However, even when these opinions are

discounted to the exterfi which any per-

sonal interest on the part of those who

expressed them will warrant, good busi-

ness sense would indicate that there is

small chance of further shrinkage in val-

ues and a very good chance indeed for the

making of a profit through the holding of

beans in growers’ hands under present

market conditions. There is no over-

production of this commodity, and there

is no doubt but that the few large con-

cerns which will have possession of a

large percentage of the available supply

later in the marketing season, will make

the most of their opportunity to force

prices to a .higher level, and the grower





who _has beans to sell will certainly be.





able to profit by anyymarket advance

which may occur by holding .his crop for





a later market, while under present cm‘i- '





ditions he must necessarily expect a spec-

ulative discount in pri if he forces his

surplus upon an already Well filled mar-

ket. Conservative marketing always

tends to support prices, and there is no

better field for an organization of growers

to take advantage of this economic prin-

ciple than in this commodity of beans. but

until such an organization is effected.

it is up to the individual grower to study

market conditions and take advantage of

the same economic principle so far as he

may be able.





Down in Ohio anew

idea has been de-

veloped in conduct-

ing farmers’ meet-

ings. There were recently held in the

southern part of that state. eleven so-

called Farmers; Fall Festivals under the

auspices of the Ohio College of Agricul-

ture. On the theory that anything tint

helps to get up competition by the people

of. a community in the way of exhibiting





A New Idea in Farm-

ers' Meetings.





—llv.e stock or farm and home products





adds interest to an agricultural meeting

and increases its benefits to all concern-





Specialiy at these meetings. As‘ an illus.

tratlon of the drawing power of such ex-

hibits. it is stated that in one town where





1a small street fair was held, and. farm





and home products exhibited, more than





question, and as

.ment will be impossible for many years





1,500 people were in attendance. In cen-

nection with these exhibits, addresses

were delivered on the subjects of fruit

growing and stock raising. and some oth.

or topics of agricultural interest by rep-

resentatives of the college.



This is nota' new idea, except-as ap-

plied to what might" be termeds general

institute. The stimulus of an exhibit has

had much to do with the success of the

local corn associations which 'are now

quite numerous in Michigan, and the ex-

hibit feature of the boys‘ and girls’ clubs,

Farmers’ Club and Grange fairs, and oth-

er like educational meetings have been a

very prominent factor in _the'success of

these different movements. Hortleultural

societies have likewise profited by the

drawing power and educational advan-

tages of exhibit features, and possibly this

feature may be of some value in increas-

ing the educational benefits of institutes

and other edncntional meetings of the

kind. At least the idea is worthy of care-

ful consideration on the part of local in-

stitute officers and others who are in-

terested in and responsible for this means

of disseminating agricultural knowledge.





Pursuing the plan





Boys' and Glrls’ Clubs which 11 a. 5 been

for Michigan. followed 1 n t h e

south, the United





States Department of Agriculture ls_tak-

ing steps toward the organization of bays'

and girls’ agricultural clubs throughout

the northern states. There will, however,

be this difference, that this work will be

done in co-operstion with the agricultural

colleges of the states where it is intro-

duced, as has been the case withthe farm

management and field demonstration work

in which such co-operatlon has already

been established. In accordance with this

plan, an organizer has been selected for

Michigan, and the work of organizing

boys' and girls’ clubs will be pushed dur-

ing the coming winter season. This, how-





ever. is not an entirely new line of effort.





fer Michigan; several very promising jun-

ior agricultural clubs have been in exist-

ence in our state for several years, and

the work as here conducted may be con-

sidered to haVe passed the nature of an

experiment and be well establislhed on a.

firm foundation.



One feature of this work which has

been not a little criticized in the southern

states by prominent farmers and farmers'

organizations, is what is known as the

prize farming feature, in which large cash

prizes have been offered for the produc-

tion of small areas or even individual sam-

ples of corn or other farm products, the

claim having been made that this plan

tends to promote an extravagant ideal of

agricultural possibilities and to eliminate

the economic phases of productions fac-

tor upon which all true agricultural pros-

perity must be based. In the work as at

present conducted, however, every effort

is being put forth to get away from the

giving of large individual cash prizes, and

substitute therefor Scholarships or other

educational advantages which will tend

to stimulate greater interest among the

young people in higher agricultural edu—

cation. There should be no question but"

that with the experience of others upon

which to build, together with experience

gained from the successful conduct'of

such organizations in Michigan, the boy

and girl club ides. may be made helpful

in Michigan,ant onlyrln promoting‘an in-‘





'terest in agriculture: among the- country





boys and girls, but also by stimulating

their parents to not only adopt better

methods themselves. but to give their boys

and girls better educational and business

advantages alang agricultural lines.





The office of roads



Divertlng Vs.Gradlng of the U. 8.. De-

nghways.» partment of Agri-

culture, in a. re-



cent circular advises the avoiding of steep.

grades on public highways, even at the

expense of tillable land required to go

around the big hills. This propOsition of

re-locating old roads, however, is one

which will not appeal to most farmers

who own adjoining lands. With the ex-

ception of a few main state highways laid

out in an early day, Michigan roads fol-

low quite closely along section lines. such





variations as occur being due to the.

greater obstacle of lakes or'swamps’ rather,





than to hills. Permanent improvement of

these highways necessitates considerable.

expense in cutting dOWn these hills to a

suitable grade, but it would be difficult’





,at this late day to re- -tocate any consider-





able percentage of our established roads





which will be improved irr their present‘

permanent improve-‘





at least on the great portion of earth

roads, the farmers who find it necessary





_' Nev. 31.1913.





to use them will be obliged to put up with

thé‘d'nconvenlence of grades which might

have been avoided had it been possible to

lay out the roads originally from an en-

gineering standpoint rather than on the

plan which was adopted in our state.





 





HAPPENINGS or THE WEEK.





National.





To ascertain the sentiment of the gov-

ernors of the states of the Union on the

question of intervention by this country in

Mexican affairs, replies from 18 state ex-

ecutives showed but one in favor of im-

mediate action, whlle the others were

either opposed or had confidencce in the

administration at Washington to handle

the situation as conditions developed.



The special session of Congress called

by President Wilson in April will merge

into the regular December session of that

body. A recess will not be taken until

December 20, which will be the first Con~

gress will have taken since convening

last spring. The currency bill can hardly

be disposed of during the special session,

and will therefore be the first matter of

business in the regular session of Decem-

ber. It is already indicated that meas-

ures dealing with trusts will be taken up

after the currency bill is out of the way.



The national executive committee of the

Housewives' League has decided to ini-

tiate a. natiOn-wide boycott on eggs. The

purpose of their action will be to reduce

the retail price of this commodity. The

housewives believe that the wide margin

of profit which dealers and storage men

are obtaining in handling these eggs is

out of all proportion to the expense of

handling and to the service rendered



The U. S Department of Justice has

announced that an investigation of cold

storage plants throughout the United

States will be undertaken. The general

advance in price of cold storage food pro—

ducts is given as the reason for this

move.



On Monday an important hearing began

at Washington before the Interstate Com-

merce Commission. The proposulon is to

increase freight rates by approximately

five per cent, the proposed increase af-

fecting all lines north of the Ohio and

east of the Mississippi rivers. It is ex-

pected that the hearing will extend over

several months.



The rules governing the collecting of

tolls for the use of the Panama Canal

have been formulated by the war depart-

ment at \Vashington. The rate of $1.20





 





per net vessel per ton, which was fixed by,





President Taft a year ago, will be charged

on vessels carrying both passengers and

freight, the method of determining the

capacity being to allow 100 cubic feet for

each net ton, whether used for passenger

or cargo purposes.



Fire destroyed six manufacturing plants

in Detroit, November 21. The loss is es-

timated at from $175,000 0 $200,000.



Governor Foss, of assachusetts, is

urging a. reform of statutes regulating the

prisms of that state. He declares that

fully ten thousand persons of the com-

monwealth are thrown into prisons every

year becaUSe of their inability to pay

small fines; in other words, these men

are imprisoned largely because of their

poverty. The governor is confident that

statutes which would enable such men to

earn money for their dependent families

as well as for their own support, would

be a great blessing to the. men and a. con-v

siderable. relief to the public.



Inasmuch as the high price of living

continues in spite of the re-electlon

promises of the present administration to

reduce same, an inquiry will probably be

made by the committee on judiciary of

the lower House of Congress, unless a.

special commission or committee is nam-

ed by that may



Meetings of and parades by strikers

were the chief matters of interest at Cal-

umet on Sunday.



Foreign.



In spite of the general expectation that

.1 real crisis would haVe developed in

Mexico ere this the condition of political

affairs there remains as Obscure as ever.

Hilerta refuses to accede to the demands

made by the United-States, and the Mex-.

‘ican Congress is new convened and will

either ratify or nullify the recent Dresl‘

denttal election. If is probable that‘the

election will be declared void, in which

event Huerta will continue to hold his

position as chief executive of the country

Just now the financial situation is in a.

most deplorable state and almOst every

available means of collecting revenue for

carrying on the government and 'continu-

ing the warfare against the rebels have

been adopted. The government is also

handicapped for lack of firearms, since

importation from the United States has

been stopped. Orders frOm J,apnn how--

ever. are expected soon, which fact gives

the present administration some hopé of

prolonging its political supremacy.



Practically nothing but the great slide





at Cucaracha remains to prevent the suc~:





cessful, operation of the Panama. * Canal.

The exact date for opening, however, has

not been decided upon. This is due large-

ly to the difficulty of determining what

effect turning the water into the channels

will have upon the landslides. Only ac--

tual observation can decide this matter

and the day for opening the great cut will

depend upon the finding of the engineers:

and geologists.



Last week a. squadron of Br1tieh War.

vessels was ordered to Mexican waters to‘

protect. British interests‘ there. This 110—:

tion was taken without communication!





with the State Department at Washington:





Upon learning of the order for the sound-

too to move to American points. Secre-

tar-y Brynn Med I potato

ambamder stating. that fie





States would regard as an unfriendly act

anything. approaching; navel. We



don by British warships in mm wut-.

ers. Upon receipt of this note. the order

for the squadron to move was counter-

mended.





tort!!! British fish'-

Unfld.‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





c
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





'agazmés"ectio





 





 





97w FARM BOY

ana GIRL .



SCIENTIFIC «ma



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





Portland Head Light—First Light on US. Coast.





By CLARA NEVVHALL FOGG.





lished bythe United States on Jan-

uary 7, 1791, and was first lighted

three days later, with Joseph Greenleaf

its first keeper, appointed by General

W'ashington. The appointment, signed by

Washington, is now owned by a descend-

an-t of the family, Mrs. C. H. Lamson, of

California. Mrs. Lamson, a former Port—

land woman, is the great, great grand-

daughter of the first keeper of the light.

' 'he lighthouSe has an eventful history.

The state of Massachusetts began the

building, but it had not proceeded for

when the national government, succeed-

ing to the general maritime jurisdiction

of the states, completed the work.

Congress appropriated $1,500 in August,

1790. The stone work was 72 feet high

and the lantern 15 feet, making the whole

87 feet. Joseph Greenleaf, the Iirst keep-

er, died suddenly while sailing a boat in

Portland harbor, October 3, 1795.

Portland Head light stands far out at

the end of Cape Elizabeth, at the extreme

end of that reservation where Fort \Vil-

liams guards the harbor. The lighthouse





PORTLAND HEAD light was estab-





has a. certain dignity of its own, as if the

spirit of that great general who signed

the first appointment still rests upon it.

In later days this duty devolved upon

someone of lesser magnitude than the

president of the nation.



From the base to the first building, the

lighthouse is in its original condition. At

first it was a stone house and the foun-

dation of the old structure still remains.

In the old section, the same today as: in

the time of \\'ashington. one secs much

that has remained untouched through the

years.



Twenty-four years ago the modern sec-

tion was erected but suffered much in the

great September gale, still fresh in the

memory of lighthouse keepers along the

New England coast. The whole structure

is 80 feet high.



Beginning as a second place light it was

changed to fourth place on October 14,

18.32. The government thought the Maine

coaSt did not need lights so close togcth-

er, but the people thought differently. So





Portland people got Congressman Tom

Reed on their side and he had the light

restored to its original height. It was

quite a light, for the government inform-

ed him that if he drew a line from Cape

Elizabeth light to Half—way lock. it lcft

Portland llead four miles inside; but

Reed insiSted that he must have it re-

storctl, his principal reason being that his

constituents wanted it.



(“inigressinnn Reed had a convincing

way with him and in the end the govern-

ment yicldcd. The records tell the story.

By letter of Oclobcr H. H82, the light-

house. hoard ordered that the tower at

this station be lowered from (if) feet to 50

feet and that the light be changed from

Second class to fourth. Rut 'l‘om ltced

promptly raised $5,000 and the light was

restored to sccmnf ('lleS.



Joseph Strout. the present keeper, has

held the oilice 4;! years. and his father,

Captain Joshua Frecman Strout, was

kecpcr before him.



In the old days the sperm and whale oil





were kept in buckets near the bottom of

the stairs lending to the light. That was

before the time of kerosene, and then the

stairs were wooden instead of iron. The

old lard-oil lamps were harder to manage

and «sometimes the kcepcr would break as

many as eight chimneys in one night.

’l‘hcn sixteen lamps were used, all burn—

iug whole oil. Now the light costs about

til-7.000 and every part of it comes from

France.



.\ lighthouse keeper is subject to pro-

batiOn and has to gain accurate knowl-

edge or every detail of his work. Before

'he is admitted to the Service he under-

goes a rigid medical examination. lie

must be honest, competent, of good mor-

als. and the utmost vigilance is expected

of him. Joseph Strout fills all these re—

quirements and dm‘crveS the well earned

reputation be has attained for thorough-

ness of duty.



It is historic Portland illcad, whose first

keeper received 'his appointment from

General \\'afltingt0n, toward which turn

t'or guidance all that coastwise caravan

that sails the bay of Casco.





 





 





 





Portland Head Light, on the Rock-bound Coast of Maine. Its Erecti0n, in 1791, Marked the beginning of LighthOuse Construction in this Country.





lllllIllHillIlllllllllllilllllllillllililllillllliillllIIHHIIHIIHHHHHHUlllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllHllllllllHilllilllllllllllliiilllilllllllilllllllllll{ilillllillllllllllllllilllHIHHIllllliillllllliillllilHHlit’ll illiiiliiillllllllliili





P to the time I was eighteen I had

never done any work that I did





not want to do. Do not Suppose





from this confession that I was often idle.





for I don‘t belicve I have eVer in my life

Fat down for half an hour at a. time and

done abf'olutely nothing. I was just a girl,

I fear like too many other American girls.

who have everything done for them, and

who do very little for others. or even

themselves. But all this was to change

very quickly. ‘



My father died suddenly during the

week that Iwus graduated from high

school. After his affairs were strI'Iighten-

ed out we learned that he had left us

just $1,100. There would be nothing more

to come from any source. My mother

was quite stunned by the realization. I

thought very little of it at the time, but

still, $1.100 I knew was not a very large

sum. . I suspect that each winter mother

and I had spent more than that sum on

our clothes.



,My father's capacity for earning was

large, but he spent everything about as





t“!





mil!iIlHIlltill:3HIIll|lillliiillliilHllHilll?:‘JlIiil|lNH!iiHIIHiiilllilllilIHIHHIHIIHIHIHIlllllllllilliliiillllilifilliii‘iiiiiiiiiiii11iiiiiiEllii!iiiilEii!lliiiiiiilliliflilfllilllHiHilllHHHlllHlHHiHIlHHHHH”lHIHHHHHHHHIHHll





From the Tunnel’s Mouth.





By KENSETT ROSSITER.





 





faSt as it came in He spent most of it

on mother and-me, but he made the mis—

take of not telling us how dangerously

cIOSe the soils of our little boat were set.

We were living in Los Angeles. in a rent—

ed housc and in rather an expensive part

of the city. and, though we kept one ser-

vant only, we went a good deal into

society.



One thousand one hundred dollars then,

with our furniture, books and china was

the sum total of our assets. There was,

however, a graphite property, or rather a

prospect in the mountains some thirty

miles beyond the city, which my father

had, as we thought, foolishly purchased

three years previously. This Could not be

conSidered in the nature of an asset. If

anything it was a liability, altlIOugh fath-

er insisted that some day the property





would bring us luck, and he kept paying

Out money for aSscssmeIIt work which

ncver returned him a dollar.



In three weeks I was fortunate in get-

ting a “job"-—rout here on the coast we

don't call it a position-v I was fortunate in

getting a “job" in a music store at nine

dollars a week. I was especially fortunate

because I didn’t know anything about

music. Mother was certain that I coudn’t

“hold it down.” but I did, and a month

later I was raised to ten dollars a week.

People seemed to like to buy music from

me, and that, of course, was the only

reason my services were desired, for that

place, at first, promised to be only a tem-

porary one. But I didn’t like the work,

I didn’t know one note frOm another on

the piano, except that the little raised

ones in back were black and all the rest





white. I wasn‘t fitted for it.

knows what I was fitted for!



In the meantime we lmd disposed of a.

number of our houschold furnishings and

had moved to a small cottage on the Out-

skirts of town. We managed to live on

what I earned. I will not tell how trying

this experience was, or how difficult we

found it to adapt ourSe-lves to the chang-

ed situation. It was harder, of course,

upon mother than it was upon me, for all

day I was busy. We never went out in

the evening together. \Ve never attended

the theatre or heard music. On Sundays

we often longed to go out into the coun—

try, but it was very seldom that carfare

could be spared.



One evening, months later, I came home

and found mother crying. I drew her

down and asked her what had happened.

She pointed to a pair of shoes that I had

tried to mend the evening before. I had,

at this time, two pairs. both of which were

worn through at the Soles, but as the up-

pers looked fairly well I used to mend

them at night by cutting pieces of heavy





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER





cardboard, than posting them together

And allowing them to dry slowly. Marked

in this fashion they would last possibly a

week, when the repair would have to be

made all over again. I always tried to

keep them hidden from mother during the

drying process, but that morning I had

forgotten to put them away. I think this

was the first time I had even seen my

mother in tears, and it made me feel more

discouraged than ever, for I knew that I

couldn’t earn more money than I was

earning. I wasn’t worth any more, and

no one is ever paid more than they are

worth.



A few nights later we had retired ear-

ier than usual. I had been asleep some

time when mother leaned over and gently

touched me. “Ethel,” she whispered.



I sat bolt upright in bed. “What is it?”



“I have had such a strange, happy

dream.”



“Tell me.” I exclaimed. relieved that no

one was in the h0use or the roof on fire.

Mother was quite excited, which is so

unusual for her that I was prepared for

anything.



“The dream was so real,” she went on,

“but I hardly know how to make you

understand. I know—I feel that the old

abandoned prospect in the mountains

holds something for us, Your father al-

ways said that some day it would bring

us luck. Perhaps it may. What do you

think of it, Ethel?”



I thought very little of it. but I had no

intention of discouraging any hope that

she might cling to.



“We should have a mining man investi-

gate; It could certainly do no harm."





I tried to dissuade her from this plan,

but she insisted that we make, at least,

this effort. Upon enquiry I learned that it

would cost considerable to have a compe-

tent mining man examine and make a.

report on the property. In fact it would

cost so much that it would be impossible

without making 1199 of some of our prin-

cipal. I expected that this news w0uld

check further consideration of the plan

for the present; but the knowledge made

mother only the more eager to try it.

Finally I told her that I would get some-

one to go up there and look at the prop-

erty. I did not tell her that that some-

one would be myself. Accordingly, on the

following Sunday I took the train to the

little town of Santico. The property was

located in a canon about three miles

north. I knew the way. for I had twice

visited the place with my father. There

was a. trail, only, winding, but with no

steep grades. Before, we had driven

from the station in a. buggy; now I

walked.



It was early summer; the short grass

was already seared and lay brown among

the hills of gray sage. The arroyo, deep

gouged by the winter rains, grew narrow-

er as it clung to the folds of the hills. A

road-runner darted ahead. It was Cali-

fornia and good to look upon. How often

during thosa last months had I longed for

just such a day!



Another mile, and, rounding a. bend, I

came suddenly upon the object of my

quest. Here the narrow canon widened

into a. space of several acres, then van-

iShed around another turn. On the right,

half hidden by an overhanging holly tree,

was the darkened tunnel that yawned in

the steep hillside like a. huge bear hole.

A few steps farther on was a deserted

cabin. At the entrance of the tunnel lay

a broken shovel, and instinctively I felt

that there was not enough graphite of

commercial value in the whole hillside to

pay for a. new shovel. However, it would

not cost much to have an assay made,

and I set about gathering specimens.

There was quite a fair sized stream of

water flowing along in a scoop at the side.

This discovery surprised me for I didn‘t

remember having seen water there pre-

viously. Upon investigation I found that

it issued from the rock in a. new drift. It

was an underground stream, but what

surprised me most was to find, upon dip-

ping my hand into it, that it was hot.



I emerged from the tunnel with my

specimens and sat for a long time upon a

boulder, mechanically chipping my sam-

ples against the larger stone. Not a

breath of air was stirring; not a leaf

swayed on the holly tree. It was so still

I could hear the bees working in the. sage

across the canon. I could hear the trickle

of the water. As I sat there I became

suddenly transfixed with a thought that

dropped upon me, growing in clearness

and intensity until a single dominant force

seemed to vibrate from my very being. In

the next few moments. as in a dream. a

thousand images rushed to my mind, but,

unlike a. dream, I can recall every one of

them even now. From where I sat I could

see that stream of water so hot that it





 





aim boiled: and. just as I knew or felt

that no mineral prizes, awaited us in that

darkened tunnel, so certain was I that

from that'day, from that moment, my life,

as well as that of the little patient moth-

er. had begun to change. Doubt never

suggested itself. I knew that in a.

montth time that little cabin would be

our home. It was with an exclamation of

half surprise, half delight, that I rose and

flung the samples from me. In my ex-

citement I started to run down the canon.

I ran, I think, till I was out of breath.



The supper dishes had been washed and

put away and mother was seated by the

table near the reading lamp before I even

intimated how I had spent the day.



“I have had an expert looking at fath-

er’s property," I finally announced. watch-

ing her happily to see her surprise.





“And what did he say?” Mother drew

her chair closer.

“He didn’t say anything. He's going





to let me make the report. I’m not an

expert now, but some day I intend to be-

come one. Mother, dear, the mineral, the

graphite in the tunnel isn’t worth think-

ing about; I’m sure of it. But there is

something else there more valuable than

gold,” and I went on to tell her of my

discovery of the hot spring.



“We have so often talked of renting a.

little place in the country and trying 'to'

make a living by growing things for mar-

ket. But when people go about growing

things for the market they find themselves"

in competition with half the world. When

they grow these same things out of sea-

son there are only a. few to compete with.

A great many people have made money

from glass houses. They must, because

they usually start in a, small way and

keep adding every year. We ought to

succeed better than all the others, for with

them the COSt of heating is great, while

we have a perpetual heating plant in the

form of a hot spring that will flow for-

ever out of the heart of that mountain.

Mother, dear, you and I are going to put

up some glass hOuses, and I’m going to

work as I have never worked before.”



My mother seized both my hzmds and

held them for a. long time. She was,

from the first, thoroughly in accord with

my hopes, and I needed no greater en-

couragement. “'e did not enter into the

undertaking blindly; far from it. But it

is unnecessary to hell in detail our plans

during the next few weeks—the evenings

spent at the library delving into reference

books—our perusal of government pam-

phlets—our notes and items of expenses;

the excitement of it all and the worry,

too, for we had decided to risk every

penny of our $1,100 capital.



It was exactly five weeks and one day

from the Sunday I had returned from the

canon, that the lumber, glass and all of

our personal belongings, in fact every-

thing that we possessed, lay piled in front

of the little two-roomed shack by the

mouth of the tunnel. Upon the last load

had arrived Mr. Samuels, our carpenter,

who lived in Santico, the little town three

miles below. He was an elderly man, but

was not long in proving his value as a.

careful workman. Mother and I walked

the entire distance from the station, for

we wanted to know and love the canon

which thenceforth was to be our home.



Our very first task was to get a. new

roof on the cabin. While it was yet the

dry season, and we were in no danger of

rains for several months, the present roof

was so far gone that it would not exclude

even the sunlight. I was determined to

hire labor where I was convinced that my

own work would prove unsatisfactory, but

I was equally resolved not to Shirk any

task that I felt competent to do, and so,

after Mr. Samuels had started me, I went

on nailing shakes all day.



By evening Mr. Samuels had the ground

leveled and ready for the floor sills, ac-

cording to the plans for the two connect-

ing houses we were to build.



Mother and I were alone. We had

watched our carpenter climb into his an-

cient buggy. watched him disappear

around the bend. The canon was so still

at that hour that we hardly dared think

of it. But we didn‘t think of it; a. bun-

dred things kept us busy until quite dusk.

\Ve had brought Six Wyandotte pullets.

intending to shut them in a. coop by





nightfall: but when we came to look for

them we found them high up in the

branches of a live oak. Immediately after





retiring that night a coyote began yelping

0n the hill back of the cabin and in the

morning two of our Wyandottes were

missing. We found only a clump of .white

feathers, and after that experience we

took good care that the remaining four

were always closed in at night.



Mr. Samuels was on hand early and;

much to my delight, I found that I was

able to render him a good deal of assist—





uov.‘ 29. 1918-





ms LITTLE fumes THAT morn-Isa

mo.





BY CW8 H. CHESLEI.





Do you mind. my lad, the blessing—

Though in those tar days ’twas hid"

And the touch so soft, caressing, '

In the things that Mother did?





0ft when home we came so Weary,

How she met us at the door,



And the world that seemed so dreary

Took a. brighter tint once more?





Do you think sometimes, my brother,

As We meet and face the strife.



What we owe our saluted Mother

For the precepts of her life?





Oh, the scalding tears bring blindness,

And I know words ne’er can tell



All the little acts of kindness—

We remember them so well.





We have known the touch of Sorrow;

J0y from us has not been hid;



But the part no hand can borrow

Are the things that Mother did.





 





ance. The cave-plates, roof bars, etc.,

had all been “run” at the mill, and the

framework was erected in amazingly fast

time. We kept Mr. Samuels nine days,

then I commenced the work of glazing

alone. It took me just seventeen days,

and I worked all day and every day, while

mother gave the exposed woodwork two

coats of paint. Next We were ready nr

the piping. I was fortunate in being able

to secure, at a. very low figure. some Sec-

ond-hand pipe which had been discarded

from one of the pumping stations in the

oil fields, but which was entirely satis-

factory for our use. Again we called upon

Mr. Samuels for assistance. The laying

of the pipe took another four days, but

the system proved successful beyond my

expectations. I found that we could raise

the temperature in the hOuses twenty-

nine degrees, and by the use of cut-offs

in regulating the Supply of water were

able to maintain a very even temperature

at all timeS.



The next morning Mr. Samuels appear-

ed as usual. He had taken his tool-box

the evening before, but now he held in his

hand a. hammer and saw and square. A

peculiar twinkle shone in his honest old

eyes, but no amount of persuading could

make him tell what he intended doing.

For some time he made measurements,

then he went ahead. It was not long be-

fore it became apparent that he was con-

structing a small porch with a pergoh.

above, all out of odds and ends that were

left over from the greenhouses. He did

it just because he wanted to, for there

was no other reason in the world. And

when heahad it completed he planted at

each side a. crimson rambler which he had

dug from his own yard, and the effect

made a wonderful change in our little

home.



A week later, the first day of Novem-

ber, We planted both houses. We planted

them to a special variety of'forcing cu-

cumber, for, in California, flowers were,

of course, out of the question for a com-

mercial undertaking. From the moment

the little plants were up they had con-

stant and increasing care. Sometimes a.

wireworm nipped a tap-root and occa-

sionally a. plant died from no apparent

cause, but we had'another to put in its

place always. We kept them growing

vigorously from the start. We learned





more about the growing of cucumberS'





than I had dreamed was possible. We

made several discoveries that apparently,

had escaped the observation of the best

authorities. It wasn’t because we were

better equipped but rather because we

couldn't afford to make errors. Among

other things «we noted that the plants

stood dormant, or nearly so, all day and

did their growing in the early evening

after the sun had disappeared. Some-

times we measured a plant at sundown

and again several hours later, to find that

in the meantime it had grown as much

as an inch and a half. From the time that

the first flowers appeared and the fruit

was set, to the day of our first shipment,

seemed interminable. Yet, in reality, it

was a very short period.



On the twelfth day of January we sent

our first consignment to one of the larg-

est commission houses and asked for an

immediate report. They reported that the

shipment had arrived in a damaged con-

dition, which, of course, materially af-

fected the price. I have since learned to

avoid dealing with the middleman, for the

grower who is unable to market his own

produce finds himself constantly in the

toils of an octopus. A commission man

should, and probably does. know the very

best markets, but we have yet to learn of

an instance where the returns would in-

dicate this peculiar knowledge. However.

we were glad to receive this first money.
Nov. 29, 1913.





Mother and I load figured pretty closely:

we did not owe a bill any place, but until

these first 1W were received we 'had

actually less than 1:61 dollars with which

to Ease the world. —



As soon as possible. thereafter, I took

‘the train to town and sought out the

leading hotels. In every instance I found

the hotel man as eager to deal directly

with the grower as is the grower to deal

with him, and in the evening I returned

in high spirits and with several orders

which would run throughout the year.



It was eight days before we had our

next shipment ready. From then on the

vines bore heavily. We shipped twice,

and very often, three times a week, and

continued sending until the middle of

June. During January and February we

received $2.50 a dozen. Gradually the

scale diminished—$2.00, $1.50. $1.00, until

finally they were worth only 30c. But we

had managed to get our entire crop on

the market at the highest prevailing

prices. Field—grown varieties had already

begun to make their appearance, and in

another two weeks cucumbers were hard-

ly worth picking and hauling.



Our success had surpassed even our

most sanguine hopes. We had to add up

our aceounts several times to be sure

there had been no mistake, but there was

none. Our houses, complete, had cost $904.

and our profits, after subtracting trans-

portation charges and all minor expendi-

tures, came to $917.35.



That summer, aided by a good garden.





we were able to put considerable of this





sum aside for further expenditures, and

in the fall Mr. Samuels helped us in the

construction of another house. We also

added a kitchen to our home. Again we

were successful in the larger undertaking,

and the next summer mother and I felt

justified in spending a, short vacation at

one of the beaches. We also visited a

larger plant in another coast city. and,

upon our return, began the construction

of a single, large detached house. This

entire building was given over to growing

bell pepperS, but its original cost exceed-

ed our expectations and we found it nec-

essary to borrow $700 from the local bank.

That season we were able to keep a little

Japanese boy who rendered vastly greater

assistance than ‘his- size would indicate,

not only in the growing of stock but with

the household work. We were able to

pay off the loan of $700 long before it be-

came due, for our profits last year were

a little over $2,300.



This coming fall Mr. Samuels is to build

'a duplicate of the large house, and in the

spring we hope that a new home is going

to rise where the little cottage now

stands. The canon is the same as' the day

We entered it. The trunks of the live oak

trees have become a little more gnarled.

the hills a little dearer. The crimson

ramblers have covered the pergola, and

the widening by the mouth of the tunnel

has become a home in the truest sense

of the word.





JUST SEEING.





 





BY Manny STARBUCK.





In order to increase the pleasure of life

at no cost whatever. try to cultivate the

habit of observation. Long, long ago

there used to be in a school reader a lit-

tle poem, recited often as a “piece” on

Friday afternoons, which told of two

travelers. On their return they were ask-

ed what they had seen. One replied list-

lessly, “Trees, rocks, hills and running

streams." Naturally the interest he awak-

ened was about what might have been

produced by a list of words from the

spelling book. The other traveler with

great enthusiasm, exclaimed “Trees!

Racks! Hills! and Running Streams!”



By his manner he placed before his

hearers the whole panorama that had

given him such keen enjoyment, so that

they not only felt a. sense of refreshment

but were filled by a desire to see for

themselves these- wonders of the world.

The boys of the class who used that old

reader never seemed quite to grasp the

meaning of that elocutionary trick, but

some of the- girls with their more vivid

imaginations, achieved great success, ring-

ing out triumphantly the glowing words,

“Rocks! Trees! Hills! and Running

Streams!” The difference between those





two travelers was just the difference in





their powers and habits of observation.



Don't go through life like that distin-

guished Englishwoman who said that in

her many years of travel she had found

only two ‘sorts of people. In a broad

sense that is true. ‘In a still broader

meaning there is but one kind of people.

just human beings. But if you observe

carefully yon will find that no two char-

acters could be labeled for just the same





.THE‘ MICHIGAN FARMER-





pigeon-hole. No two are 7exactly alike,

and there is no subject that will better

repay close observation than human be-

ings. The study has newer failing inter-

est and no end. Moreover. it develops in:

the observer quite unsuspected depths of.

Sympathy and appreciation, of courage

and aspiration. From each person yOu

meet it is posSible to learn something

worth while.



And this “trained power of observa-

tion” doesn't mean the acute percent-loam

of a Sherlock Holmes, but merely the

“habit of noticing things" which may be

acquired by any person of average intel-é

ligence.



A young girl who had trained her nat-

ural gift of observation to a high point

of development became, after a severe ill-

ness, totally deaf. No mechanical con-

trivan'ce could help her in the least, so

that she was obliged to depend upon writ-

ing tablets or lip motion. She joined a

class and with astonishing quickness

learned to read lip motion. She, as well

as her teacher, attributed her aptness en-

tirely to her habit of observation. Among

other things she had taught herself, half—

uncO'nSclously. to interpret the slightest

change of facial expression, and since ev-

ery person has a special vocabulary and

a Special viewpoint. this power of reading

expression was a great help in guessing

the probable Woods when there was hesi-

tation on the part of the speaker or the

words were- not clearly enunciated.



Another deaf person, also unable to hear

by any artificial means, always knew

from the expression of the speaker when

people were whispering or shouting to

him and, strange. to say, these vocal

changes annOyed him quite as much as if

he could hear. That was a disadvantage,

to be sure, but it was more than compen-

sated for by his skill in other directions,

in joining in general conversation for in-

stance. At one time at a dinner, Where

the hostess of course knew of his in-

firmity, he acquitted himself with such

success that nobody else guessed it, not

even the girl he took out. whom he had

never met before. He often went to the

theatre, and found much. to enjoy even in

a play with which he was not familiar.

though‘of course he liked best the old

stand-bys, whose lines he knew by heart.

There was one very amusing incident in

his experience. He actually saw a pro-

posal of marriage given and accepted

across the theatre by two people whom he

afterwards found to be deaf'and dumb.



Learn to observe. “The world is- so full

of a. number of things.”





Said Emerson: “Write it in your heart

that every day is the best day in the

year.”





The man you meet for the first time

puts you down as a. good or an evil in-

fluence. Make a. wholesome impression.





 





SOme people spend most of their time

“counting “the stars in my crown;” they

ought to be up and doing, and adding

more stars.





THE UNDER DOG.





 





BY WALTER G. 1301?.

We are all of us fond of the poor under





dog.

If he takes his position good—naturally;

But if he's a whiner

Or abject recliner,

He very soon loses our sympathy.





So if you are filling the under dog’s part

And tfhe1 boaes are few and your spirits

a1,



It’s just for the preSent,



So tI‘y to look pleasant;

whatever happens, keep wagging

your tail!





.4 nd,





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It is the finest collection of charts ever

put together. Contains a map of Michi-

gan, showing congressional districts, noun—

tlcs, railways, etc. the- latest 1910 census

of all Michigan towns. 25 colored plates,

showing the anatomy of the horse, cow,

sheep, hog and fowls. and giving the

name and location of each organ, muscle

and bone. A treatise on each animal by

the best authorities. treatment of com-

mon diseases of farm animals, map of

the world. showing steamship lines, map

of the. United States, flags of all nations.

rulers of the world. Panama canal. all

our presidents. and several other features

too numerous to mention.



These charts have been sold mostly for

$1.00 or $1.50. They will decorate and

instruct in any home or office. We ”offer

them at this price to quickly get rid of

them and after our present stock is ex-

hausted no more can be had. Remember

the price is only 30c, whilethey last

Send your order to the Michigan Farmer,

DctI‘Olt, Mich—Adv.





 





 





   

   

   

 

 

 

 





   

 





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“in u‘u'wfl



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ammo it”? ..I ,





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/ I" ”1‘“!





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Lite -Time Investment;





It’s a rather important event—this buying a good

watch. For you’re choosing a pocket4partne-r, a time-

steward that’ll be either a source of joy or a constant

vexation through all the years to come.



Be certain that the watchaou get will meet the rough stress

of life as successfully as the South Bend meets the drastic ice-

freezing test, the trying oven-baking test that every adjusted

South Bend is put to before you get it.





. Don’t buy a watch in a hurry. Ask him to show you the new

Don’t buy a watch by mail. South Bend "double-roller"



Buy it of the man you can trust— movement, as different from or-



your jeweler. He knows good dinary out-of-datc movements as



watches just as you know pedi- the steam thresher is from the



greed cattle. flew tell you why flail.



a South Bend atch can be



frozen in solid ice for twenty- Bookle‘ Mailed FREE



four hours and still keep abso- It‘ll give you a lot of valuable



information about watches—





lute time. Why it comes un-

pointers you ought to know, no





harmed from the oven-test.

He'll adjust and regulate the matter what make of watch you

buy. Just say “Send me book~





South Bend Watch to exactly

suit your personality—so that it let “How and Where to Select a.‘

Good Watch‘ " and it'll come to





gives unvarying. unalterable

time every day. every month, you by return mail. Write for it





every year you carry it. today.





THE SOUTH BEND WATCH 00.. 112 MarketSt.. South Bend,Ind.'(

. 1





”mm ___._..__.._________-__ ....._. -.____._.L





 





 





 





 





Old Dutch Cleanser lessens work in scores of ways.

TAKES THE DRUDGERY FROM

SCRUBBING AND CLEANING





In the dairy, milk cans, pans and pails clean

much easier and quicker.



SAVES WORK AND TIME in cleaning harness,

feed boxes, carriage tops, etc.





Many Uses and Full Directions

on Large Sifter Can—10





Dom BE Wl‘l‘ilO on 4 "





 

 

 

 





any. . ,.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





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Pleaseniention the Michigan Farmer when you

are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.
filin'il "In PIll-III .III. “ll- III





ISHQES





...I l..,,





__...._.__._ ____. .





There are no shoes at

popular prices that in any

way compare With the

classy Mayer Honorbilt

shoes for women. They

combine style,

refinement,

comfort and

service to the

highest de-





 





 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





Mayer Honorbilt Shoes are

not only fine looking but de-

pendable for wear. They are

“built on honor.” The finest

upper leather is selected, and

the soles are of special tan-

nage—everything first class

throughout. If you want the

dressiest and best wearing

shoes obtainable, demand

Mayer Honorbilt Shoes.





WARNING—Always be sure .nd look

for the Mayor name and trade mark

on the aole. If your dealer cannot

supply you, write to us.





We make Mayer Honorbilt

Shoes in all styles for men,

women and children: Drysox.

the wet weathershoe; Yerma

Cushion Shoes and Martha

Washington Comfort Shoes.





F. Mayer Boot 6: Shoe Co.

MILWAUKEE





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





25 lbs. 75c





Best granulated _cane,I if ordered with $10 worth of

our other groceries, or 50 lbs. for $1. 50 if with a

$20 grocery order; Toilet Soap, worth 25c. only 11c

for3 large cakes; 12 bars best Sc Naptha Soap,





 





35c; 3 cans Baked Beans with parka 23c; 60c

Tea, 39c: 40¢ Baking Powder 176 and





10,000 Other Big Bargains





sold b’y us direct by mail to consumeisat: wonderful

pI ice reductions You save middlemen’ s profits, losses

and expenses Absolute satisfaction guaranteedm your

money back Grocery Bargain List Free. Send Now.



It’ s In e—just send a ostal. Chock full of money-

saving‘ bargain offers. at us show you how to cut

your mocery bills one- -third. Write now. Send for

the big Grocery Bargain List TODAY.





w. & H. Wa'ker 9348 Horr‘e Island





 





 





Nov. 29. 1913.





 





 





lbinan Tma;H;N&d





At 5 Home and Elwewfjere





 





 





 





 





NE of the most widely talked

abOut and least frequently expe-

rienced sensations in this broad





0





land of Ours is freedom. I make the

statement boldly and confidently, not-

withstanding: the spread-eagle speeches





.nIl hysterical press statements regarding





the land of the fI'ec. ctc. It is the land

of the free in name only, as I am sure

eveiy thinking mun and woman will

admit.





In what are we free, pray? Why, free to

do as we please, you answer. Free to

choose our religion, our friends, our 0c-

cupation. our dwelling place. We have

free speech and free press, free educa-

tion. In short, we are absolutely free to

do as we please so long,r as we do not in-

fringe upon the rights of others.



Tl’Ieoreticully, yes. but actually, no. “'9

are not free to do any of the things we

say we are, although thc luw giVI-s us

that privilege, stands buck, us it were.

and tells us to go as far as we like and

the courts wilt stoli us when have

gonc far enough. But you know thIt

lizIpIIcns to the pcx‘sou who puts- Ilih‘l)‘.I-Ss—

ml doctrine of freedom into practice. llc

is road out of good society. Often hounded

out of the community.





“‘ c,





 





 





 





 





Pittsburgh. Pa.





The Largest and Beat Line of





SHEPHERD PLAID SKIRTS





Delivered to your door by parcel post pre aid at



manufacturer‘apricos. Skirts well made an guar-



anteed In every particular. A light weight skirt for

[$2. 50 heavi weight 83. Exactly the same as retail

1 forS5and 36 Money back if not perfectly satisfied



Send at once for free samples of goods to select

r from and blanks for measurement.





THE DETROIT SKIRT WORKS.

SDI-502 Hedges Bid... Detroit. Michigan.





. -





rrya brilliant illumination





mag:





200” “now homes that have had to stru

alon on oil. gas or candles. Brighter

ene or electricity“ and costsy onlytwo





k.

TIII'} BERNIE”s LIGHT 030.

280 E8“. 5th St» Canton, 0.





 





WANTED-Men and women for Government



positions Examinations soon.

Ioonduotod Government anminntlone. Trial ex-

amination tree Write. OZMENT 171! ”B! Ionic.





 





For it is not tr'uc, fz'lcnds, that though

.I‘llycu the right to bc frcc we :ll't.‘ Still

1bound by traditions and conventions")

Illcw many of you. for instanI-c. would

jl‘ccl frcc to act up in church dining some

lcxlwlicni'c mm tins,“ and toll ‘.\I‘..ll you :Ic—

:tuolly think and h:Ivc found out by expe-

‘ricncc about the doctrines of your church,

no nmttor what the church 1»? You rise

mud say, most of you, not whit you have

:thought out for _'.'our<clf, not what you

:huvc 1iV'cd,,bui \\'h:It convention has

Ttnught you is (‘tl'l'l'i't'l. You have :1 neat

Iliiil-I Slii‘w-Il that couldn't liowsibly hurt

lanybody‘s feclings' 01‘ bu tIIkI-n for heresy,





It in lllziilo up llul't-

of some pis—

pa-





fand you deliver that.

I\ of (Illll"(ll IloI-trinc, partly

to: >2 scrmon,p1rtly from Ihc czhur II

lpcr' , but it is not made up fin: n \our daily





12v. 'Ig. Hc I Iision Illv sonicc uc (Ines dale

to say soiucihing‘ Illl‘fcr'cnt'. but >he is put





and not IIltogI-thcr respon-

sible for what she She is trying: her

wings a littlc, sccking to see if shc due

to use hcr boasted freedom. But your

Shocked glances as shc :ITIaI-ks sonic of

your favorite, mun—made doctrines. warn

her to subside.



Do women dress

from it. Ill the

chamber they nmy

sensiblc garment,





down as Ijuccr

says.





Far

0 w n





as they please?

secrecy of thcir

don some comfortable

but their freedom uoI-S

no farther. 'i‘hcy dress to suit the stylc,

and the. style is Inadc to the grccd

for money of manIIi'IIctIII'cI's .‘lll’l

makers who II1.IkI- their living by

ling womcn. Time was when farm wom—

cu were pl‘aI‘liI-zllly fiee from this par-

ticular thralldoiu. But thanks to the eu-

tcrpi'ise of modern Inaguzincs, aided and

abetted by a rural free deIIVcry. the busy

farmer‘s wife has the lutcst Parisian

fashions dclivcrcd at her door right hot

from the griddle. And sho must consume

them or hide hen head in shame before

her more ambitious sisters. The Ameri-

can woman dresses not as she wants to

dFBSS. but as fashion cxpcrt thouunds of

miles away dictate that she shall dress so





suit

III‘OSS-

shack-





 





that more money may flow into their

coffers.



But. you say. we have free education.

Free in what sense? if you live in 'the





diStrict your childrcn are- compelled to go

to the school which your taxes support.

But are they free to study what they

choose or what they chopse? Thcy'are not.

They spend hours poring over a course of

Study laid down by a group of men who

are bound to have all children conform to

one pattern. And about half the things

they study have no connection with the

life they are now living, or will live in

the golden age of “grownupness.” The

really practical things. the things your

sons will need to know on the farms and

your daughters in the kitchen. you teach

them yourselves.



But there is still the freepress. Look

at the things the papers dare to print.





 





 





-:





The Blessings Of Freedom.





 





Certainly if the press isn’t free nothing is.

Granted the press seems free even to the

point of license. But even the daring edi-

tor feels the pressure of the thumb of

the heavy advertiserS. and he is free just





bi





But none of us know it. We are bound

and shacklI-d hand and foot by conven-

iions, prejudices. cuStoms. gossip, debt

and worry. How many men who sit down

at their tables are free from financial

cares? Even~with the boasted prosperity

of the American farmers there is still a

laige per cent of them who find it hard to

meet all payments on the farm and keep

up with the needs of a growing family.





so far as his freedom does not deprive Freedom, is it we have? Then give me



him of his own bread and butter. death, to paraphrase the immortal J.

Freedom is a blessed thing, no doubt. llcnry. DEBORAH.



||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllillllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIllillllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIll|lllllllIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllll





Business Training oi the Farm Girls.





 





CERTAIN wise farmer declared

A that no one was ever going to be



able to say that his daughters had

no buFiness sense. He said that he hoped

the Lord would make them pretty. that

cvery woman should be that, but that he

would see to it that they were honorable.

and honorable not only in personal rela—

tions but in matters of dollars and cents.

lie suid that he looked at things the

old joke about the woman who had over-

druwn hcr bank account, offering to pay

the overdraw by writing a check, was not

a joke but a disgrace, and he had no in-

tention of letting one of his daughters

make such 3. humiliating blunder. He

would not have wealth to leave his chil-





{IS





and sell it herself the money would be

heIs. It was a dear little colt, and the

girl was delighted with the idea of having

him for her very own. In raising him She

studied the care of horses till she became

the authority on horscs for all the neigh-

boxing farms. And she drove so good a

bargain, when selling time came. that she

paid for her first year at high school with

the price of her horse.



She is now getting her Master‘s degree

in one of the great universities, and has

supported herself ever since. She said, In

speaking of her father's training, that the

I'c-ponsibility of raising the colt, 0f keecp-

ing‘ exact daily accounts of his condition

and cost, and of selling him herself, gave





 





 





 





“It \Nas a Dear."





dsen, the farm was fairly prosperous. but

the family was large, but he could teach

them the value of money and how to take

care of themselves.



His wife, busy as all farmers’ wives

are, was only too glad to have IlOr hus-

band ready to really share the rcsponsi-

bflity of the children; and us she herself,

through lack of business understanding.

had been tricked out of the small inher—

Itancc left her by an uncle, she was ex-

pcclally glad to have her husband give

this training to their girls.



The farmer began as soon as he thought

the girls wore old enough. \\'hcn each

one entcred her teens She was given an ac-

count book. in which to record her busi-

transactions. and she was allotted

some work on the farm. This work she

was paid fOr as scrupulously us if she had

been a hired man, and paid for at the

szIme rate. Because of their youth, how-

cvcr, the girls were not allowed to work

but a few hours each day; but those few

hours were on :I strictly business basis.

Nothing slipshod was tolerated: neatness,

thoroughness, and concentration on the

task were demanded.



The girls, under the spur of being so

fairly paid, of feeling themselves and

their work on a business basis from the

start, learned early to respect their occu-

pations. They became ambitions to do all

sorts of things, and to perfect their work

at the same time. One of the girls took

charge of tho chickens and from a small

beginning—hardly birds enough to supply

the home table—developed this in five

years, into a profitable part of the farm,

profitable enough to yield her her own

living.



One daughter began by raising a colt.

The farmer gave it to her on her birth-

day, telling her that if she would raise





MOSS





her a grasp on money values and on bus-

iness transactions that started her in life.

\thn she is not getting her degree

(which she studies for in summer school),

She teaches at $120 a month which will

certainly prove that her businer training

is Siall(llllf_‘,‘ her in good financial stead.

“'hat this farmer did for his daughters,

every farmer can do. He can not leave

them the protection of wealth, probably,

at least only a few farmers can, but he

can himself give them some home busi-

ness training that will in the years to

mine help them to protect themselves.





 





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household Editorz—Whut would be good

for a child’s ears that are open on the toll

and every night the child rubs them so

that blood comes? The child is eight

months old and his ears have been like

that since he was born—A. G.





The trouble may be caused either by

an impoverished condition of the blood or

it may be hereditary. Take the baby to

a good doctor and let him prescribe for it;





Household TCditon—VVhat can I do With

beef tIiiIgues‘f—Amnteur.





They may be cooked fresh or corned

and kept for later use. The fresh tongue

should be boiled in salted water about

two hourS, until tender. Then set aside

in the water to partially cool and remove

the skin befor.e it is entirely cold. It may

he served hot, or cold sliced thin, with

salad dressing. Pickled tongue should al-

ways be served cold.





Household Editor:~—Is there any way of

telling when you have a cup of butter

without measuring in a cup? It is so

hard to pack the cup solid and then you

always lose some in scraping it out again,

besides making the cup sticky for other

things.——-Mary B



A half a pound of butter is one cup.
/“





 





 





 





NOV. 29, 1913.





HEB; gang‘srmas DILEMMA. '.





 





‘81 Anon: .1. CLEATOR.

What shall I get’for Grandma?

A shawl of softest wool!

That'gift. would surely suit her,

She likes things “sensible."

I saw one at four dollars

At Smith and Keene's today,

I really think that isn’t .

A cent toomuch to pay!





What. to get Uncle Mason

I'm really at a loss.

He likes the modern poets.

I’ll get Sam Walter Foss.

That costs about one-fifty.

And then there’s Rovcr’s cellar.

ThoSe leather ones at Judson's

Are marked down just two dollars.





Now what for Brother Robert?

My, it’s so hard to plan



011 what would be best suited

To purchase for a man!



Something about two-fifty——

A book, a fountain pen,



Or some kind of a knick—knack

That’s uSeful for his den!





And then there's GraCe and Gertrude, '

Alice and Rose and Bes:.

One dollar is the limit

For each, and maybe less.

Boxes of stationery

“'ill suit them every one.

Oh, yes, my list grOWS shorter.

I’m really almost done!





Let’s see! Eight aunts and cousins!

I guess I’ll take a look



And see just how much money

Is in my pocket-book.



Gracious! Last week I spent it!

Whatever shall I do?



I’ll have to borrow fifty.

Perhaps ’twill help me through!





SOUTHERN WAYS WITH CORN MEAL.





 





BY mas. JEFF mvts.

Corn Meal Sticks.



Beat until light. two eggs. then add one

quart of buttermilk. two teaspoonfuls of

soda. one teaspoonful of salt, one table-

spoonful of sugar. Stir in enough meal to

make a batter. not too thick. and add two

heaping teaspoonfuls of flour. Lastly,

stir in two or three tnblespoonf'uls of

melted lard. or butter. Pour into bread-





. stick molds, and bake immediately. These





are dchcxous.

Egg Bread.



()ne quart of sour milk. two teaspoon-

fuls of soda, one teaspoonful of salt. two

eggs. Stir in enough meal to make a

soft batter. Lastly, add two or three





,tables'poonfuls of melted lard. and stir





not a. moment longer than to mix it. Bake

in gem pans, or in round loaf.

Virginia Corn Bread.



Scald one cupful of meal with three

cups of boiling water. Add two well-

beaten eggs. three cups buttermilk. one

teaspoonful of soda and same of salt.

Lastly, two tablespoonfuls‘ of melted lard.

Bake slowly in baking dish.



' Fine Corn Bread.



One-half cup flour. one cup meal, two

eggS, one-fourth teaspoonful of salt. one

tablespoonful of sugar, or syrup, one cup

of sweet milk. two teaspoonfuls of baking

powder, one-half tablespoonful of lard.

and the same of butter. Beat eggs, sug—

ar and. salt together; sift in flour. corn

meal. and baking powder; then add milk.

LaS'tly. add melted lard and butter. Bake

in hot muffin rings.



Corn Crisps.



Scaid one pint of fine corn meal until

thoroughly wet; .then. add cold water until

a little thicker than batter for waffles,

and a. teaspoonful of salt. Place on grid-

dle in small cakes, and brown in fat salt

pork drippings, on both sides; then put in

oven on grate fer a few minutes to be-

come crisp before serving.



Mush Bread.



To one quart of sweet milk add two

cupfuls of mush. two eggs. beaten slightly,

a pinch of salt, and flour enough to thick-

en. Add half, a teaSpoonful of dissolved

soda. If the mush is cold warm the milk

and mix with it thoroughly before adding

the flour. Bake quickly and serve with

some kind of syrup.





THE BLESSJNG OF BEING BUSY.





 





BY '1‘. L. B.





Divine writ has it that “He _Who will.

not work, shall ,not eat," but "work, my'





work, is to me both meat and drink.



rBefore choosing Work as that for which

I am most thankfull lined up my bless-

ings in martial array: Food. raiment.

home, friends, loved ones, determination,

a free country, religion—everything. .But

none of them would fit half so well as





cheerful, unremitting toil. It employs the ,





mind and basics the hands, and unfet-

tered by disease, disaster or affliction I

am permitted the joy of daily perform-

ing it. _ ' ' - ‘ ..



In the ranks of many. the desire to work





.. may reem absurd,.the ,love.of it to sun-





pass all understanding. There are those





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





.who shirk and those who look upOn the

semblance of exertion, either physical or

mental, with disdain. To them my theme

is uninviting. But theirs is not the fault;

the trouble lies in the training and per-

haps if unmoiested they would naturally

find Some work they liked and do it. The

mind craves an outlet f0r expression. And

if that is not allowed in some creditable

way, a worse thing happens. Its standards

are lowered to idleness, peevishness, dis-

content and recklessness. The trained

mind delights in exertion, in seeking out.

in building up its native forces. When

that is done, correct principles of life and

citizenship are established. Then love

supplants hatred; honesty, intrigue, and

c0urage, frailty.



In honest labor the true farmer finds

riches untold. He comes into harmony

with nature’s universal laws and can dis-

cern “tongues in trees, books in running

brooks, sermons in stones and good in

everything." The blacksmi-th’s humble

toil is rewarded by a night’s repose. The

musician's soul moves in a world of ec-

static strains caught from celestial sym-

phonies. The artist’s magic touch trans-

forms canvas into vivid landscapes. The

sculptor creates forms in the image of his

Creator, and the writer's disciplined pen

rings truth throughout the ages. To these

add‘ the thousands of men and women giv-

en up to business careers, soldiers, law-

yers, teachers, doctors, nurses and hosts

of others and yOu have the bone and

sinew of any nation.



Occupation is the crying need of the

times. By it the poor are clothe-d, the

hungry fed. and the homeless sheltered.

It soothes sorrow, buoys the melancholy

and chastens evil. It lessens despair,

nourishes hope and strengthens faith.



Then why am I most thankful for my

vocation? Can’t you see? It is because

having that, all things else, as it were. are

added unto me. Knowing my work I

must help my fellowmnn because “the

leaSt flower with a brimming cup, may

stand and share its dewdt‘op with another

near,” and if we labor in 'the spirit of the

woman singing at her spinning wheel it

will not be a burden. Although drawing

full spindles of perfect threads, she

thought of her song far more than the

flax. Thus, should our souls pursue. apart

from toil, some high calm tune and prove

our work better for the Sweetness of our

song.





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





 





Our large Fashion Book—containing 92

pages illustrating over 700 of the season’s

latest styles, and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of ten cents.





 





 





 





 





 





No. 7993—Infant’s shawl and hood com-

bined, one size. In three lengths.



No. 8018—Infant’s one-piece kimono. one

size. Perforated for sacque length in

,scalloped or straight outline.



'No. 7992—Girl's surplice dress, 4 to 8

years. With straight skirt that can be





planned or gathered, short or long sleeves, '





.with- or without shield.



N0. 8002—-Boy's suit, 2 to 6 years. With

IOng' 0r knee trousers, long or short

sleeves. . \



— ~- No. 8024—Child’s wrapper. 6 monthS.

-1. 2 and 4 years. With long or short

sleeves; 665 embroidery design. _



The above mttems will be mailed to

any addresmbythe Fashion Department

of the Michigan Farmer, on receipt of ten

cents for each. ,





 





 





 





 





 





» The Personal Advice





of the Greatest Pianist

in the World





- is Free to Every Student





~ Josef Hofmann is now universally





conceded by the foremost musical

critics to be the greatest pianist in

the world. Eight years ago this

wonderful pianist joined the edi-

torial staff of T fie Ladies” Home

Journal to answer personally the

questions of piano students. Dur-

ing this time he has answered

thousands of questions. So excel-

lent wcrc these answers that they

attracted the instant attention of

piano-teachers who use them to—

day in their classes. Two books.

have been made and published

from these answers.





This is not a case of a famous man

having his work done for him by

another. Mr. Hofmann personally

writes every answer printed on his

page in 7726 Ladies’ Home Journal.





It is [753“ advice that is printed. Musical

critics concede that it. is the first time that

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something worth while about piano playing,

in print. ‘



Every girl and woman, no matter how far

removed from a teacher she may live, has,

therefore, to help her in her piano work

the personal advice of the greatest of all

pianists. This is what Mr. Hofmann’s

department is for. A. booklet, entitled

“The Story of 600,0001nvisiblc Hands,”

tells something about this service. A postal—





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A year’s subscription to The Ladies’Home Journal

’





. by mail, costs $1.50, or it may be bought from any





Newsdealer or Boy Agent ~at 15 cents a copy.





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PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA





 





 





 





l3——497
498—14





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Markets.

ElllIllllIllIlllllIllllll|lllllllIll|llllll||Ill|illlllI|IlllllIllllllllll||l|||IllIllllIlllllllillillillllflllllllllflifi





C





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





November 25, 1913.



Wheat—Except for slight fluctuations

the wheat trade has remained steady the

past week. On Monday the bears en-

deavored to turn the market downward

by publishing the report of a heavy in-

crease in the Russian crop, by pointing

out the large volume of wheat on passage

and by- noting a liberal increase in the

world’s exports. This information failed,

however, to force prices lower. due to the

unfavorable news from South America,

where the Argentine crop promises to be

small. Harvesting will soon begin in the

northern districts of that country and for

the coming few weeks the weather pre-

vailing will be an important factor in the

adjustment of wheat prices. While re—

ceipts at Winnipeg are large, exports

have been of such volume as to maintain

values on a firm basis. One year ago the

price for No. 2 red wheat was $1.07 per





 





bu. Quotations for the past week are:



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. Dec. May.

\Vednesday . . . .9654 9614 96% 1.00%

Thursday . . . ”961,4, 96% 97 1.0114

Friday ........96’;é 96%, 97 1.011/4

Saturday ...... 96% 963/2 96% 1.0114

Monday ....... 96 96 961/; 1.0114

Tuesday ...... 961/; 961/; 96% 1.01%



Chicago, (Nov. 25).—No. 2 red wheat,



96%c; Dec. 871,50; May, 91%c.





Corn.—This market has remained steady

throughout the past week. While the

warm weather aided in securing corn

still in the fields. and decreased the calls

from feeders, as well as made deliveries

easier. the position of the market is such

as to hold prices firm against these bul-





lish influences. Many sections that usu-

ally export this cereal will not have

enough for home use this winter, and

consequently will become importers. One





year ago No. 3 corn was, selling at 610 on

the local market. Quotations for the past





weeks are as follows:

No. 2 No. 2

Mixed Yellow.

\VedneSday ............... 771/2 781/2

Thursday ................. 771/6 781/2

Friday ................... 771/.) 78%

Saturday ................. 77% 78%

hiouday .................. 771/2 781/:

Tuesday .................. 771/2 781/2

Chicago, (Nov. 25).—No. 2 corn, 74@

751/2c; Dee, 705/5c; May, 705/gc.





Oats—Trade remains steady. Through—

out the .week prices have experienced no

change. There is a fairly good demand

for oats, which is partially due to the

scarcity and high price of corn. One year

ago the ruling price for standard oats

was 35c per bu. Quotations for the week

are as follows:





No. 3



Standard. White.



\Vednesday . . . . . .. . . 43 421/2



ThurSday . ...... 43 421/2



Friday ...... . ....... 43 42%



Saturday . . . ............ 43 423/2



Monday ............. 43 42V2



Tuesday .................. 43 421/2



Chicago, (Nov. mix—«Standard oats, 40

@41c; Dec, 38c; May. 42c per bu.





Beans.——Notwithstanding the custom of

marketing beans liberally at this season.

farmers are holding back many bushels

because of faith in higher prices in

months to come. Immediate and No-

vember shipments are quoted at $1.90;

January at $1.95 per bushel at country

points. Chicago reports an easy trade at

lower prices. Pea beans. hand-picked,

choice. are quoted $2.15; common

$175702; red kidneys, choice 5526563275

per bu.



Rye.—This cereal rules a. cent lower.

No. 2 is quoted at 66c per bu.



Barley.-—At Chicago barley is quoted at

$.2m‘80c per bu., while Milwaukee quotes

the malting grades at from (KO/(17800.



Cloverseed.——Excepting alsike, all val-

ues are higher with sentiment changing

from day to day. Prime spot is quoted at

Detroit at $5255 per bu: December $8.60;

March $8.65. Prime alsike is steady at

$10.50 per bu. At Toledo. December and

March are quoted at $8.70 and prime- al-

sike at $10.65.



Alfalfa Seedsrellarkct is nominal, with

prime spot quoted at $7 25 per bu.



Timothy Seed.—Market inactive at $2.50

pcr bu. for prime spot.



FLOUR AND FEEDS.



Flour.——Jobbing lots in 1.1;. paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs, as follows: Best patent. $5.30; sec-

ond. $4.90; straight, $4.50; spring patent,

$5.10: rye flour. $4.60 per bbl.



Feed—In 100—lb. sacks.

Fran. $25; coarse middlings, $27; fine

middlings, $27; cracked corn, $31; coarSe

corn meal $30: corn and cat, chop $26.50

per ton.



Hay.—Market unchanged. Carlots on

the track at Detroit are: No. 1 timothy

$16.50((D17; standard $15.50@16; No. 2,

614506615; light mixed $15.50@16; No. 1

mixed $13.50@14.



Chicago—Offerings light and demand

good with prices steady. Choice timothy

quoted at $186319 per ton; No. 1, $16.50@

17.50; No, 2, $15@16.



Straw.——Detrolt.-——Steady. Rye, $8@9:

wheat and oat straw, $7@7.50 per ton.



Chicago—Quotable as follows: Rye

$8.50@9; oat $6.50@7; wheat $6@6.50.





DAIRY AND POULTRY pnooucrs.





 





 





is a good demand at

Extra

”dairy





Batten—There

steady prices. . Quotations are:

creamcry 32¢ per '11); firsts 300:

23c; packing stock 20:: per lb. »



Rigid—Marker firm at 32c per lb.





Chicago—Market continues slow.‘ De-

mand most active for fancy grades. Quo-





jobbing lots: '





_ $7.75@8.25;





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMgER





tations are: Extra. creamery 32c; eXtra

firsts 30%@31.c; firsts 25@281,éc; seconds

22%@23%c; ladies 22@221;éc; packing

stock 20%@210 per lb.



New York—Market steady with prices

about the same. Quotations rule as fol-

lows; Creamery extras 33@350; firsts 28

@320; seconds 24%@25c; state dairy, fin-

est 31@32c; good to prime 27@300; com—

mon to fair 23@26c; packing 21@22c as

to quality.



Eggs—Market steady With prices un-

changed. Good demand for fresh stock

which was quoted at 37¢ per dozen, cases

included.



Chicago—Market is more quiet. There

was a decidedly weaker feeling for re-

frigerator stock but a good demand for

fresh stock. Quotations are: Miscellan-

eous lots, cases included, 28@38c, accord-

ing to quality; do cases returned, 271/2@

321/20; ordinary firsts, 31@33c; firsts, 34@

35c; refrigerator stock in light demand

and offerings liberal at 266926140 for April

firsts.



New York—There is a fine demand for

good stock with prices 1c higher than

last week. Quotations are: Fresh gath-

ered extras 45@‘47c; extra firsts, 43@44c;

firsts 41@42c; western gathered whites

40@53c.



Poultry.-Last week’s unseasonable

weather proved disastrous to both ship-

pers and receivers of dressed poultry,

prices slumping badly. However, the

market has braced and good stock of all

kinds is steady at values closely ap-

proaching those of a week ago. Quota-

tions: Live—Springs, 121/2@131,éc; hens.

11@120; No. 2 hens 9@10c: old roosters

9@10c; turkeys 18@20c; geese 13@14c;

ducks 14@15c. 'Quotations, on dressed

stock average 1@20 higher than those

given abQVe. ’



Chicago—In all lines good stock IS firm

at quotations, which are about-the same

as last week. Low grade stuff hard to

sell. Quotations on live are: Turkeys,

good weight, 17c; others 12c; fowls, gen-

eral run 10c; spring chickens 121/2c; ducks

llfflfic; geese Wi2iéc; guinea hens $5.50

607.50 per dozen.



Cheese—Market steady with values

unchanged. Wholesale lots, Michigan flats

15fi3151/2c; New York flats, 17@171/2c; brick





cream, 17((3171/30: limburger. Mil/360150.

Veal.—The margin between fancy and

common calves is narrower, the former





being quoted 1c lower. Quotations are:

Fancy 1262121/30 per lb; common 10((Tllc.



Chicago—Supplies consist chiefly of

hold—ovar stuff. Demand light and prices

lower. Quoted as follows: Good to

choice 90(0110 1bs., 13@13l/2c; fair to good

60671590 lbs, 11@121/_»c.





*-





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.—An active demand keeps the

trade firm at slightly advanced prices.

QuotationS: Snow $4@4.50; Spy $3.50@

4.50; Greening $3.50mi450; King $3.50@4

per bbl; NO. 2, $2.25@2.75 per bbl; bulk

$1.25m1.50 per cwt. At Chicago prices

iule firm to higher under a good demand.

Receipts» are decreasing. Values now

rule from $2.75@5.50 per bbl. No. 1 Jon-

athan’s selling best; Spies are $2.75@4;

Baldwins $325604.



Potatoes—The warm weather stimulat-

ed a fairly liberal delivery of potatoes,

causing an easier tone. Local prices are





steady, however. Quotations are as fol-

lows: In bulk 60.60650 per bu; in sacks

70@75c per bu. At Chicago the receipts





of higher grades: are small and tradeis

film while poorer kinds are easier. Mich-

igan stock is lower at 606N580.



Cabbage.—Steady at last week’s figures.

Good quality quoted at $2632.25 per bbl.

The demand isfair at Chicago with offer—

ings liberal. Quotations range from $163

1.2; per bbl., for White, and $1.50@ 2.25 for

re .



Onlons.-—Fair demand and trade with

prices for native stock at $2.25 per 100-lb.

sack. The Chicago market is well sup-

plied and somewhat slow with Michigan

and Indiana stock quotable at $1.25@1.40

per 65 lbs.

GRAND RAPIDS.





 





The city market is still open but there

is very little doing. The egg market con-

iinues firm. with buying prices from

farmers at :36fi137c for best. Dairy but-

ter, No. 1, is steady at 250. Dressed hogs

are worth 91/361100. Live poultry price:

at beginning of week were unchanged,





fowls bringing 9(d100; roosters 7c; fat

turkeys 16c; geese 8c; ducks 10. The hay

market is unchanged at $18W22. Grain

prices at the mills follow: \Vheat 91c;

oats 40c; corn 77c; rye 58c; beans $1.60

@170.





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





November 24, 1913.

Buffalo.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



\Nith 215 loads of cattle on ou.‘ market

today and 16,000 in Chicago some cattle

sold higher than last week, but that was

becauSe of the better quality and finish,

in the main market was no higher. We

sold a load of Ohio cattle for $8.75 and

they were the best seen here in a long

time. At the close the market was clean—

ed up on native cattle, but there were

several loads of Canada cattle unsold.



We quote: Bestheavy corn-fed cattle,

$8.50@8.75; best shipping steers, $8.25@

8.50; ~fair to good weight steers, $7.75@

8; fair to good weight shipping steers,

$7.50@7.65; choice to fanCy yfiarlings,

$8.50@9; best handy Weight butcher steers

common to fair, $6.75@.7;

heavy fancy fat cows, $6@6.75; choice- to

prime fat cows, $5.55@6: goodobutcher

cows, $5.50@5.75; fair to good do. $4.75@

5.50; canners and cutters, $3.5o.@3.75:

heavy prime fancy heifers, £7.25@7.60:

medium to choice eifers, $6@6.50: good

to choice heifers. $6.75@7: choice dehdrn-





ed feeders, $7@7.25; stockers weighing 800

to 850 lbs., $6.50@6.75; best yearlings,

stockers, $6.35@6.75; fair to good. $5.50

@6; heavy bulls, $6.75@7; butcher bulls,

$6.50@6.75; bologna bulls, $5.50@6.25; ex-





tra milkers and springers, $75@100; fair

to good $40@60.

Our receipts today were somewhat





smaller than was generally looked for

and the market higher on all grades of

hogs and especially pigs and lights. This

class advanced 25(ql500, while yorkers and

mixed sold 10@20c higher than Satur-





day. General sales 8c; yorkers $7.75@

7.90; pigs $7.50; roughs $7@7.25; stags

$6@6.50. The trade closed strong and the





Outlook quite good for the balance of the

week.



The lamb market was active today;

prices 25c higher than the close of last

week. Best choice lambs selling from

$7.35@7.50; c10se strong. Sheep active,

prices about 10c higher than the close of





laSt Week. Look for steady prices on

lambs.



We quote: 'Choice lambs $7.35@7.50;

cull to fair $5.30@7.25; yearlings $5.25@





6; bucks $3@3.50; wethers, $4.50@4.75;

handy ewes $4.15@4.25; ,heavy ewes $464)

4.10; cull sheep $3@3.50; veals, choice to

extra $11.25@11.50; fair to good $10@11;

heavy calves $5.50@8. '





Chicago.





 





November 24, 1913.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today ..... .16,000 33,000 40,000

Same day last year..18,658 41,900 49,610

Receipts last week..58,777 178,837 114,932

Same week last year.70,311 164,855 184,362

Sixteen thousand head for a Monday





looks pretty small for a cattle run, but

the week is sacred to turkey and other

poultry, and buyers are not taking hold

especially well. Thursday, Thanksgiving

Day, will be a close holiday in the stock

yards, and no live stock will be sold. A

few cattle sold a dime or more higher

this morning, but others sold at no more

than steady values. Hogs shot up 10c!)

150, and some sales looked even 200 high-





er. Hogs sold all the way from $7.35@

7.95. The hogs received last week aver-





aged 209 lbs., comparing with 205 lbs. a

week earlier. 224 lbs. one year ago. 211

lbs. two years ago, 223 lbs. three years

ago and 224 lbs. four years ago. Sheep

and lambs are active at steady prices.





Cattle receipts: have been running so





huge in recent weeks that the offerings

ran well ahead of eXisting trade wants,

owners hurrying up shipments before





Winter weather sets in, and buyers were

able to dictate terms very largely. Last

week’s decline of 15@35c lcft prices the

lowest, on the whole, Seen in a 'long pe-

riod, with the bulk of the beef steers go—

ing at $7.50@9, although Monday saw

many sales at 139.05.610.50. Prime year-

lings sold Monday up to $9.65

VVednesdav as high as $9.60. these selling

much better than heavy beeves. Early

salesof heavy steers were made inva

small way at $9.25@9.50, with late sales

of the better class of weighty cattle at

$8.50@9.10, while the commoner light lots

brought $6.60@7.50. Fair and medium lots





brought $7.60fo8.20 and ,good steers $8.25,





and over. For butcher lots of cows and

heifeis‘buyers paid $4.65(08.25, with a few

yearling heifers of superior quality taken

at $8.50@9, while cutters brought $4.157!)

4.60, canners $3.25ai4.10 and bulls $4.75@

7.50. ‘There was a good stocker and feed-

er trade only at-times. de~pitc the good

break in prices,.as many intending buyers

were detesred from operating by the fur-

ther break in beef steer values. Stockers

sold at $4.75@7.15, the liighe"1>i‘icctl lots

being well—bred stOCk steers, Feeders car-

rying much weight brought $6@7.50’.f0r

common to prime lots. with‘ early sales

up to $7.65. Stock and feeding cows and

heifers had a moderate sale at $4.75@

6.50. Calves found buyers at $4.75@11

per 100 lbs., the top at the week‘s close

being $10. Seventy-five cars of Alberta

range‘cattle arrived VVedneSday, the larg-

est run of Canadian cattle ever known in

one day. Milch cows had a moderate sale

at $60frr90 cach, ordinary cows ruling low-

er. Ilntil the rush to get cattle marketed

is over there will not be a good outlook

for sellers. Thus far heavy cattle have

sold esiiecially poorly.



Hogs met with a very goodgeneral de-

mand last week, and'although the aggre-

gate receipts were liberal, starting off

with a Monday run of 46,653 head, offer-

ings were well absorbed. The wild fluc-

tuations seen a few. weeks ago. when

packers were smashing prices. were lack—

ing. and most of the week quotable

changes were quite narrow, packers

showing readiness- to take 'the hogs ‘at

nearly steady values. Eastern shippers

were not particulai*l,i,'~large purchaSers,

but they took the better class of the hogs.

making‘competition for these and holding

them fi.m at times when maintaining

prices for packing hogs was no easy mat-

ter. As uSual, receipts ran largely to

light hogs and pigs, and this causedvsuch

lots- to sell at a large discount, with

choice medium and heavy butcher "lots

bringing the highest figures invariably.

Provisions, including lard and cured

meats, continue to have a good consump—

tion. while the fresh zpork consumption

is the "largest eVer known at thisseason

of. the year. enabling packers to reap gen-

erous profits on pigs and underweight





11033. “After prime hogs ;_sold~1i‘p mesa-10,





on Thursday, there was a break, and the

week’s close saw sales at $7.25@7.85, com-

pared with -$7.40@8.15 a week earlier. Pigs

closed at $5@7 and 135 'to 155-11). lots at

$6.65@7.25. The; week’s . receipts show





good gains over the preceding week and .»





a‘year ago. ,

Sheep ~andlambs haVe been coming to



market in fast decreasing numbers, and



the sharp break in prices of Monday last





week, When the" rub“ was -much ~aboveft:he '





average in. volume, .was followed latem‘in

the week by. good advances "in desirable

flocks of sheep and -lam.bs;.t;hcer.e Ecol

80013,“ 24311151193410ch and-shipping demand.





Thereg'are“decidédly”feWér' feé‘dérsffsrc‘om- . .

'Sliort' crop {in Saundprs 'ca‘ndfi'l'loi'lge _. come





ingot) the market nowg and ‘theséi‘mre

se ing most-of the time at advancifig





and on‘





'cattle





.t-he past stnmner.





over the whiten,





rigga. __





Nov. 29. 1913





prices; CloSir’ig‘ldemand'l‘lwas smaller fl"

live muttons, as comparatively little mutt):

ton is eaten around Thanksgiving.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





(Continued from page 501).

amount of wheat sown and it looks good.

No rye grown here. Normal amount of

rough feed on hand except about half as

much oat straw as usual. Corn only av-

eraging 60 per cent of average crop, not

much of this year’s crop of oats shipped

yet, No- stock raised for market except‘

a few hogs. Farmers marketing nothing

at present. Some corn will move next

month. Oats worth'361/20; corn 590.



Perry. Co., N0v.-‘11.—After three days’

brisk Wind from the northwest, the ther-

mometerdrop‘ped to 22 degrees above

zero on the 10th. Clear now with pros-

pect of nice weather. Potatoes almost a.

failure, hardly worth digging. Importers

are retailed at "$1 per bu. Farmers have

little to sell, and some willr'have to buy

feed this winter. Meadows fine, many

being pastured. New seeding looks fine'

wheat also looking good. Farmers have

plenty of corn fodder. Short crop of tim-

othy; will have to buy some corn. Tur-

keys not very plentiful, getting scarcer

and higher in price each year. Plenty of

geese and chickens, which are often ship-

ped by carload to New York market. Quo-

tations: Wheat 87c; oats 500; com 90c'

potatoes $1; sweet potatoes 50c bu; tur:

nips 50c bu; eggs 35c; turkeys 17c hens

cz'laiclltgnsh andzogeese 100 lb; honey, best



e ; . .

ton, retail?! 3% ton, $21 baled, coal $2 per



Missouri.



Phelps Co., Nov. 15.—Potatoes were half

a crop in Phelps county this season, only

a few for market at 75c per bu., with the

exception of one man who shipped three

or four carloads to the St. Louis market

early in the season, getting 85c per bu.

Meadows are good; but little hay raised

on account of the drought. There was

consulerable new seeding this fall, mostly

timothy and clover.‘ There was a big

acreage of wheat and a great many farm-

ers have feed for their own“use, and

somelhaving little stock to feed have

some~hay for sale. There are a few who

have corn and hay from their 1912 crop.

Cattle are the principal stock being fed

but. few hogs in the county. There are

a few sheep and a greater number of

goats. 'Goats are being sold for:$2@2.50

per head; sheep from 51/2@6c; cattle $7.85

((22.50 per cwt. Horses and mules are

bringing good prices. Cattle, hogs, sheep,

horses and mules are about one-third

short of last year in thiscounty. At pub-

lic salesdairy cattle have been selling

from $6064/100. \Vheat is 85c; corn’ 75c‘

potatoes retailing for $1. ~ ' ' ’

‘ Mississippi Co., Nov. 14.—VVheat seed-

ing most completed. There were no po-

tatoes raised here this Season. Farmers

areputting upv pien‘ty of feed, and there

Will bea good surplus of grain and some

stock and feed. Corn brings 650; hay $14.



Cass Co., Nov. 16.—Potato crOp here is

rather poor. Several cars are being Ship-

pet] in. Meado'Ws'in good condition. con"—

siderable wheat was sown and it has a.

good start. Farmers have but little Win-





ter feed. Many cars of oats, corn and

hayhbeing shipped in. Silage is fed ex-

tenSively. A. largeramount of beefcattle





being fed, also many hogs. Some horses





and mules; also many cars of beef Stuff





were recently marketed. The top on steers

is $6.65; hogs $8; grain market lower. ‘

Kansas.



Trego .00., Nov. 15.—XVheat is looking

fine although a little rain or snow is

needed as we have had no rain_ since

September and no snow‘at all yet this

fall. Farmers are pasturing to save feed

as many farmers will be short if we have

much‘snow. Lots of feed in the country

but it_is being held for a high price. Corn

is selling for 85¢; potatoes 90c: apples $1

@135 per bu; eggs 30c; butter 25c; cream

300 per 1b.



'Nemaha Co., Nov. 8.—l..‘p till this time

the weather has been clear and mild with

only an occasional blustering wind from

the northwest. Cattle are still grazing.

Farmers in some favored localities are

husking corn. which is yielding from 15

to 20 bushels per acre. Potatoes, corn,

oats and cabbage are being shipped in. No‘

hog cholera here at present, but some.

are dying from what is called

“cornstal‘k Smudge? The good ,roads

movement ‘is strong here. Wheat is all

sown-tire, early fields being pastured. Rye

is also up and doing well. A great deal

of fall plowing is being done. Public sales

are numerous, but everything sells well.

Cattle are high, but horses sell low be-

cause Of a. shortage of feed. Farmers are

looking for a hard winter, and are saving

every kind of fodder that,may be used

for feed in case *of necessity. The water

supply is low. Quotations are: Corn 790;

wheat 75c; oats 46c; fat cattle $6:60@7.50;

hogs $7.20@7.40;'hens 81/20; ducks 9c;

cream 280: eggs 28c.



Smith Co., Nov. 4.——Conclitions here are

very favorable despite extreme drouth of

_ :iF'armeics}.will, be able

to carry their stock throughdhe Wimeriin

good shape. ' Pastures- .-w.er.e"::revive7d- by





the late rains, and wheat has, made...an





,ex‘cellent'grbwth. "Thelast drop of alfal-

fa affords an abundance of pasture. Most





of.the farmers have enough straw,1hay.

fodder, silage and old corn to cm .them

.. _' Some have ,wheat-Eto

Sell, but corn will be held. _..~H‘here‘-€are

many hogs in the field lots. masochism

of cattle ‘fed: will be much lesséthanrfia’st

rear. Horse and mulebuyers are paying

good prices. Potatoes were about one-

haifa crop and are‘selling'atfilo per-"bu.

Wheat 18' quoted at 75c: corn 73c; eggs

25c: butter ismrc: butter—fat 260; 'tur-

keys _8@10c; hens 10c; springs 90: , ~- 1' 2

_ . ‘ .Neb‘riaska. f. .1": . 5 - '



Dodge 00., Nov. 12.——_Potatoe‘_s .wer-et-a





(Continued‘on page 499).
Nov. 29,. 1913.





: ..;.TH'5-'I§:;~THE-7M3T EQET'fik'an .~.





In the first“ edition the Detroit "Live-

Stock Markets are reports or last week;

all-other 'menk’ets are rightup to. date.

Thursday’s .Detroit_ Live Stock , markets

ar'ef‘ giVenhin" the last edition.‘ The first

edition is mailed Thursday. the-last edi-





 





tion‘ Friday-morning. :Tbe first edition, is.





mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than» they do for Thursday’s

Detroit le‘e Stockvmarket report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ersi’may :change from one edition to an-





other by. dropping us a card to that effect._





 





‘_. person luvs sToeK MARKETS.





Thursday's Market.

November 27, 1913.

, - Cattle.



Receipts, 7_15. Canners steady, all oth-

er grades strong 15@25c higher.



We. quote: Best» steers and heifers,

$7.75@8 5; steers and heifers, 1000 to

1200, $7 7.50; do 800 to 1000, $675637; do

that are fat, 500 to 700, $6@6.50; choice

fat cows, $6; good do, $5@5.75; common

cows, $4@4.75‘; canners, $3@3.83; choice

heavy bulls, $6@6.25; fair to good bolog—

nas, bulls, $5.50@5.75; stock bulls, $4.75@

5.25; choice feeding‘ steers, 800 to 1000,

$6.75@7; fair do, 800 to 1000, $6.25@6.50;

choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6.50@~6.75;

fair do, 500 to 700, $5.75@6.25; stock heif-

ers, $5@6; milkers, large, young, medium

age, $75@100; common milkers, $4064 50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker. ‘1'. & C0.



2 butchers av 905 at $6.75, 35 Canadian

butchers .av 700 at $6, 34 butchers av 666

at $6, 2 bulls av 1230 at $6, 3 cows av 903

at $3.75, 2 do av ,1050 at $5.75, 2 do av

1240 at $5.50, 2 heifers av 675 at $6, 2

cows av 900 at $5, 2 canners av 905 at

$3.60; to Strong 2 stockers av 665 at $6,

4 do av 660 at $6.25, 4 cows av 987 at $5;

to Sullivan P. Co. 2 steers av 800 at $6.25,

1 cow weighing 880 at $5, 1 do weighing

770 at $4, 2 do av 865 at $4. 1 steer

weighing 850 at $6, 2 heifers av 475 at $5;

to Breitenbeck 17 c0ws av 975 at $4.90;

to Hirschleman 4 butchers av 654 at

$5.25, 3 cows av 1125 at $5.75; to Ratt-

kOWSky 2 do av 1000 at $5; to Mich. B.

Co. 6 butchers av 880 at $6, 1 cow weigh-

ing 900 at $4. 1 do weighing 1040 at $5.25.,

7 do av 883 at $5.10, 1 do weighing 850 at

$4, 2 do av 925 at $5; to Sullivan P. Co.

2 do av 895 at $5, 1 steer weighing 910

at $6.75, 4 do av 525 at $5.60, 5 butch-

ers av 1002 at $6.25; to Austin'18 stockers

av 650 at $6; to Bresnahan 11 do av 667

at $6.20.

; Haley & M. sold Mason B. Co. 5 butch-

e'rs av 754 at $6.60, 8 do av 871 at $6.90;

to Padgett 8 stockers av 756 at- $6.75; to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows av 1125 at $5.25,

1 do weighing ,970 at $4.50, 1 steervweigh-

ing 890 at $5.50; 'to Appl'ebaum 2 cows av

'805 ’at $4.65, 1 do weighing 970 at $4.65,

to Freeman 13 feeders av 777 at $6.40; to

Rattkowsky ,4 heifers av 373 at $5, 4

cows av 950 at $4.75; to Sullivan P. Co.

2 cows av '905 at'$4, 1 'do ’weighing 1000

at $5.25; to Mason B. Co. 1: bullv'eigh-ing

900 at $6. 6 steers av 831 at $6.90; to

Thompson Bros. 6 cows av 1093 at $5.50,

2 do av 1175 at $4, 2 oxen av 1485 at

$6.80, 2 heifers av 710 51666.25. 1 bull

weighing 1320 at- $6; to Parker. \V. & Co.

9 butchers av 632 at $6.10, 2 do av 595 at

$6.10; to Marx 1 cow weighing 1000 at

$4.75.



Roe Com. Co. sold Mason B. Co. 7

steers av 830 at $6.75; to Sullivan P. Co.

5 do av 824 at $6.65, 3 cows and bulls av

930 at'$5, 3 bulls av 570 at $4.75, 2 cows

av 995 at $4; to Kamman B. Co. 4 do

av 987 at $5.50; to Strong 16 stockers av

571 at $6; to Mich. B.‘ CO. 16 do av 757

at $6.10, 1 do weighing 700 at $4, 1 do

weighing 980 at $4.60, 1 steer weighing

750 at $6; to Applebaum 5 butchers av

354 at $5.50; to JameSon 12 feeders av

833 at $6.60; to Mich. B. Co. 4 cows av

937 at $5.50, 10 butchers av 680 at $6, 1

deer Weighing 1040 at $8.25,_ 1 cow

weighing ‘1410 at $7, 13 heifers ,av,788 at

$6.75, 11 butchers av 930 at $6.65; to

Thompson Bros-‘3 cows av '1033 at $5.25,

4 do av 880 at $4; to Strong 5 stockers av

524 at $6.10; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull

weighing 1560 at $6, 1 cow weighing 1220

at $6, 1 do weighing 1380 at $5.50; to

Kull. 2 bulls av 1275 at $6.25, 5 steers av

934 at $7.50, .3 do av 683 at $6.25; to Park-

er; W. &‘Co;' 1 cow weighing 900 at $4.50,





 





7 butchers av 71‘ 'at $6. ,1 ball .weig'hing.





1370 at $6,

av 806 at .

'Spicer & R. sold Podgett 3 feeders av

743 at $6.85; toSullivan P. Co. 3 cowsav

1117 at $5.50, 2 heifersav 665 at $6.25. 1

bull weighing 1370 at $6, 2 do av 865 at

$5.502 1 do‘ Weighing 600 at $5, 1 do weigh-

ing 820 at $5, 1 do weighing 1210 at $6,

4 cows av 1030 at $5, 1 canner weighing

780 at $2.50, 1 cow weighing990 at $5. 4

canners av 825 at $3.73. 3 heifers av 1010

at'76,'2 canners av 750 at $3, 4 cows av

850 at $4, 2 ’do av 850 at $5. 3 steers av

833 at $7, 5 do av 940 at $6.50, 6 do av





Sateers av 941,at.$7.60, .5 cows





750 at $6.60. 1 do weighing 1030 at 86.50, '





1 do weighing 1070 at $7.50; to Rattkow-

sky 12 cows av 991 at $4.75.

Veal Calves.





Receipts, 416. Market steady. Best

$11; others, $8@10.50. ’



Bishop, B. & H. sold Goose 10 av 142

at $9.50, 5 av 180 at $10.50: to Rattkow-

sky 3' av 130 at $9.50; to Nagle P. Co. 20

av 165 at $10.50, 19 av 130 at $9.50; to



rker, W. & Co. 3 av 160 at $10.25; to

Sullivan P. Co. 1 weighing 200 at $11.50,

2. av 160 at $11; to Goose 3 av 175 at

$10.50, 2 av 100 at $8. 2 av 180 at $11; to

Rattkowsky 2 av 135 at $9.50, 1 Weighing

160 at $10; to D. Goosc 5 av 180 at $10.50.

10 av 142 at $9.50; to J. Goose 7 av 120

at $8.50, 4 av 125 at $9; to Thompson

Bron. 5 av 150 at $10.50. 2 av 105 at $8.50.

5 av 155 at $10.50; to McGuire 25 av 150

at $10.50: to Mich. B. Co. 6 av 155 at

$11: to Sullivan P. Co. 4 av 150 at $11, 1

weighin 140 at $9. 1 weighing 160 at $8,

4 av 1 at $10.50; to Parker. W. & Co.

'116 av. 175 at $11: to Mich. B. Co. 3.av

180' at, $10.25; .to Hammond. S. & Co. 4.

av 150 still. 11 av 140 at $10.50; to Na-

gle P. Co. 4 av 140 at $10, 3 av 107 at

$8.50. 4 av 120 at $10.50. 8 av 160 at £10.50.

1 weighing 220 11:811. 6 av 155 at $10.26.:

to Hammond. R. & Co 6 av 165 at $11





11 av 150 at no. 14 av' 160 at $10.50; t'o'





‘cOurSe of a single year.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





.Miph. 'B. Co. 8 av 150 at $10. ‘





”Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 11

av 140 at $10, 6 av 155 at $10.25, 1 weigh-

mg 100 at $7, 8 av 130 at $10.50, 1 weigh-

ing 170. at $10.50, 3 av 140 at $10, 1 Weigh-

ing 170 at $11. . . . ' .



Haley & M. sold Parker, W. & Co. 2

av 160 at $10, 3 av 165 at $11, 4 av 155

at $10.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 2 av 135 at

$10.50; to RattkOWSky 2 av 160 at $9.50.

2 av 340' at $6; to J. Rattkowsky 4 av 350

at $5; to Mich. B. Co. 10 av 157 at $11,

7 av 135 at $10.75.



Roe Co'm. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 5 av





125 at $10.

Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 4992. Market steady at Wed-

nesday’s prices. Best lambs, $7.25@7.50;

fair to good do, $6.75@7; light to common

lambs, $6@6.50; yearlings, $5.50@6; fair

to good sheep, $4@4.25; culls and com-

mon, $2.75@3.25.



Haley & M. sold Trumbull & H. 60

lambs av 75 at $7.25, 20 do av 65 at $7, 32

do av 70 at $7.25, 23 do av 70 at $7.25,

44 do av 68 at $7.25; to Nagle P. Co. 2

sheep av 125 at $4, 9 do av 100 at $3.85.

13 do av 100 at $4.15; to Klenck 25 do av

95 at $4.25; to Newton B. Co. 40 lambs

av 70 at $5.50, 30 do av 65 at $6.65. 29

sheep av 90 at $3.75, 11 do av 100 at $4;

to Sullivan P. Co. 7 do av 80 at $3.50, 29

lambs av 60 at $6.75; to Trumbull & H.

60 do av 70 at $7; to Nagle P. Co. 43

sheep av 110 at $4.25, 31 do av 120 at

$3.75, 34 do av 130 at $4.25, 29 lambs av

75 at $7.40, 237 do av 75 at $7.40. 36 do

av 65 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co. 63 do av

55 at $6.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Mich. B. Co. 41

sheep av 115 at $4: to Birlage 9 do av 80

at $4, 3 lambs av 50 at $6, 35 do av 55 at

$6.60, 26 lambs av 70 at $7.15, 13 sheep

av 125 at $4.25.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Young 30 sheep

av 80 at $4.75, 50 lambs av 75 at $7.35.

31 do av 55 at $6.25; to Swift & Co. 149

do av 80 at $7.50, 65 do av 75 at $7.40, 6

do av 100 at $7.25; to Levy 30 sheep av

135 at $4.25, 20 do av 130 at $4.25; to

Klinck 27 do av 110 at $4.15. 13 do av 100

at $4; to Swift & Co. 67 lamb: av 78 at

$6.85; to Mich. B. Co. 10 sheep av 79 at

$3, 56. lambs av ‘80 at $7.35, 90 do av 60 at

$6.50. 11 do av 40 at $5; to Naglc P. Co.

147 do av 75 at $7, 34 sheep av 110 at $4:

to Sullivan P. Co. 14 lambs av 65 at $6.50:

to Nagle P. Co. 150 lambs av 78 at $7.30,

74 do av 75 at $7.30, 120 do av 73 at $7.25,

10 Sheep av 110 at $4, 10 do av 100 at

$3.35, 25 do av 93 at $3.50, 10 (0 av 120

at $3.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 11 do av 115

at $4.15, 27 lambs av 52 at $6, 45 do av

55 at $6. 47 sheep av 90 at $3.15; to

Hammond. S. & Co. 48 lambs av 75 at

$7.30; to Thompson Bros. 31 do av 73 at

$7.25. 31 sheep av 95 at $3.50; to Nagle

P. CO. 10 do av 124 at $4.25, 15 lambs av

70 'at $7.25; to Levy 14 sheep av 125 at

$4.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 13 do av 100 at

$4.25. ,





Hogs.

.teceipts, 8522. Market 5c lower tha

on Wednesday; packers stopped dead at





$7.60 for tops.

Range of prices: Light'to good butch-





ers, $7160; pigs, $7; mixed, $7.55; heavy.-





$7.55@7.60.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 225

av 200 at $7.60.



Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. 8: Co.

890 av 200 at $7.60.



Spicer & R. sold same 315 av 180 at

7.60.

5 Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

2500 av 195 at $7.60, 510 av 180 at $7.55.

512 av 170 at $7.50.





Friday's Market.

November 20, 1913.

Cattle.



Receipts this week 1373;

2.000; market steady.



We quote: Best stEers and heifers.

$7.50@7.75; steers and heifers, 1000 to

1200, $6.75@7; do. 300 to 1000. $6.25@6.75;

do that are fat, 500 to 700, $5.75@6.25;

choice fat COWS, $5.75@ good do, $5@5.50;

common cows, $4@4.50; canners, $3@3.75;

choice heavy bulls, $6636.25; fair to gOOd

bolognas, bulls, $5.50@5.75; stock bulls,

$4.75@5.25; choice feeding steers, 800 to

1000, $6.75@7; fair (10,800 to 1000. $6.25@

6.50; choice stockers. 500 to 700, $6.25@

6.50; fair stockers, 500 to 700, $5.75@6;

stock heifers, $5@5.75f milkers, large,

young. medium age, $75@100: coznmon

milkerB. $40@50. , . ‘



Sheep and Lambs. , ,

~Recelpts this week, 7208;‘last week.

14,105; market steady. Best lambs. $6.75;

fair to good lambs. $6.25@6.50; light to

common lambs, $5@6; fair to good sheep

$3.75@4; culls and common. $2.50@3.



Hogs.



Receipts this week, 11.130: last week,

13,101; market 10c lower than on Thurs-

day. Range of prices: Light to good

butchers. $7.65@7.70; pigs. ”@725; mixed

$7.60@7.70; heavy, $7.60@7.70.





New Heme in Baltimore for H.>W. Johns-

Manvllle Company.



In order to properly take care of the

big increase in its volume of business, the

Baltimore branch of the H. W. Johns-

Manville Co., has been compelled to seek

larger quarters and are about to occupy

a new home at 207~213 East Saratoga

street.





 





last week,





 





 





Late reports go to show that Canada

has no great surplus of cattle to export

to the United States and that most of Such

cattle are on the stocker order. It is

mainly stock-steers that have been com-

ing across he internathnal boundary line

since the bars in the way of tariff duties

were removed by our government. al-

though considerable numbers of thin old

cows on the hatrack order have been

brought in at times by the packing con-

cerns. According to oflicial figures tur-





‘nished by the Canadian government. Man-





itoba had on the ill-St of July only 256.900

cattle other than dairy stock: Saskatche-

wan 358.000 and Alberta 306.100, these fig—

ures showing decreases of 10.230, and

115.300 and 642.300 respectively in the

Since our new

tariff was adopted there 'has been such ’a

demand for Canadian beef cattle to bring

to our markets that competition has rule.

ed prices materially.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





. (Continued from page 498).

ties; been shipping in from western part

of state; potatoes a good crop there. New

seeding of wheat in good cOndition. Hay

a good crop with us. Farmers have

plenty of feed for their stock and a good

surplus to sell. There are 2,000 head of

sheep being fed within two miles of Fre~





.mont. A good many hogs raised here.





Farmers all haVe from fiVe to ten cOws,

sell cream to creameries. Butter—fat 28c;

corn 64c; wheat 73c; oats 35c; butter 30c;

eggs 300; spring chickens 100 per lb; ap-

ples a good c:‘0p, sell from $75c@$1 per

bu. \Vatermelons raised extensively; peas

and sweet corn raised for canning pur-

poses.



Hitchcock Co., Nov. 8.—-There has been

no rain for three weeks or more, SO it is

a little dry on top. The potato crop in

this part of the state was nearly a. tail-





8 ure. Several cars of potatoes, cabbage and





apples have been shipped in. Every year

these items are shipped in; as a rule they

are not successfully grown here. Pota-

toes come from the northwestern part of

the state, in the sand hills, and are sell-

ing from 75@90c per bu. A large acreage

of wheat was sown and is good. but very

little rye is Sown here. Prairie hay and

alfalfa are the only feeds raised outside

the sorghum feeds which are greatly de-

pended on. Most all have raised suffi-

cient feed to take stock through the win—

ter. Some have feed to sell but not many.

small grain is all sold, only what was

held for spring seed. There are no cattle

fed this year for market on econunt of the

shortage of com; com shipped in is sell-

ing for 730 on track; very little raised.

Hogs $6.85; cattle 4@6c; cream 25c; eggs

250 per dozen.



Pierce Co., Nov. 9.—V\'eather is very

good here for this time of the year. There

have been frosts however, every night for

the last ten days, and the leaves are en-

tirely 011 the trees. What few potatoes

there are. are all dug, and they are worth

frOm 80c@$1 on the local market. Mea-

dows are in fine shape. Stoek is in good

condition with plenty of feed to carry

them through the winter. Wheat and rye

look good, where the soil has had enough

moisture to sprout the grain. A few cat—

tle. hogs and sheep are being fed.



Antllope Co., Nov, 9.—There are not

many turkeys, but plenty of chickens

here. The latter are being marketed quite

liberally. Lecal prices are: Corn 600;

wheat 80c: oats 400; butter 27c: butter-

fat 28c; eggs 25c; hay $10 per ton. Al-

though this is a prairie county, there has

been a. considerable amount of timber set

out during the past 30 years.



North Dakota.





Foster Co., Nov. 10.——The weather has

been fine the past' week. and farmers are

busy plowing, running their engines day

and night. The ground is now freezing.

Potatoes were all dug before frosts came.

The crop was small, but most farmers

having a surplus are holding for higher

prices. Cattle are selling at “@650;

hogs $7.50@8.50; milch cows $85@105 per

head. The production of butter and eggs

is falling off so that there is none for

market. Poultiyis beginning to move for

the Thanksgiving trade. There has been

a. hog cholera scare in this locality, and

some animals have already died. The re-

mainder of herds have been vaccinated.





We Want HAY & STRAW





’ We get the top price on consignments. make

liberaladvuncemenu and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiircy’s Sons Co.





PITTSBURG. PA.

WI. Wuhindon Trust Company. «nib-ck incl”.





-—w m

PARKER 06.65" 331‘: Sufi”; for n33“.





laid shipped direct ions by express. W to m

for i amnion. It will pay you. Amer-l

& Cheese Co., 31-33 Griswold 83.. Detroit. Mich.





ill exchange—Fine brick three Italy opera house.

stores underneath. in town two thousand. for km:

or week of who no ice. What have you.

Address. Gmnough «I Brainu'd. Vassar. Michigan.





mums rare: as .. em" 3'

en en -\ vo . .

0n!) barn and livery in torvlv‘h. aged 21 $08

1! a rtmentl in. connection. 810.”. Addie-o.

GB 0061! t BBAINEBD, Vassar. Michigan.





= J- :-

Farms and Farm lands For Sale

BUY A FAR -In Montcalm or Kent County





where it pay-to fern. All-inc

and prime. Come and sea for our-elf. MICHIGAN

EAR! HOME COMPANY, “ville, Michigan.





° —To exchange for ood farm

”"3733“,” Smdun' dariti '

arms: 131108.. a Free Press 3151253335“? M3172





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





' ' —Prioee right. Terms

“fig“. Fun, f“ s‘k reasonable. Soil for

tile. ild ell-Into. butmarketl. We have form from

5aoreoto 5” acres. Write for our treeillustrmd

Catalog. South-{do Realty Co., Inc., Pannburg. Va.





 





and Cl and Electric

. Tet-o ouch. ulce- other amt- m undo baton 60-10.





   





I’m wg [I]; "

Thank You





A nervous, discontented cow is

always a. poor milk producer because

Nature is attempting to rebuild her

wasting system instead of attending

to the natural health functions of

producing and re-pro ucing.



A cow can be “oi! color," ‘ust as

a human being can be—an liken.

human being, she needs the proper

medicine to build up the slug ish

organs. KOW-KURE is the stan rd

remed for such cow diseases as

Abortion, Retained Afterbirth, Bar-

renness,Bunches, Milk Fever, Scour-

ing, Red Waterand Lost Appetite.

KOW-KURE puts sick cows “on their

feet”— makes profitable cows of

backward ones.



Try KOW-KURE on ourpoormilkp

on. Most feed dealera'nnd draught:

cell it. in 501: and 31.00 packages.

Write for free copyof our book “Cow

Duo-nu."





Dalry Assoclatlon Co.

5 Lyndonvlllo, Vt. ’/





For Salt—Ideal Black loam Sleek Farm 2,253,131:





12 miles from Toledo. Stone roads are completed

Within half mile of farm, 1% miles from Interurban

car line. macros, all tiled except 20 acres chopping.

Large young orchard. all kinds of fruit. Close to

sma l towns. 0d buildings with lightning rods,

new barn 100x. inside cement basement. water :piped

from wind will to barn. 30 bb]. water tank. cow barn

will stanchion 28 head of cattledmy mow.6 horse stalls .

eilo 32;!6. anal-y corn crib and tool shed oom-

binod $2: , good hon house. auto arage. nice 7-mom

with cellar. A bargain at. . it sold at once

will consular mo fir acre. For Burticulare wri

LOCK BOX . BLISSFIEL , MICHIGAN.





   





. B SALE—Fine one hundred acre form located two

and one-half miles from Ovid, Mich. Buildings in

vorynood condition. Hacrunning water and ouitable

for stock or crops. Can give possession at once. In uiro

ot' H.F. Southworth, Ask... A.A. Ry; Mt.Pleuant. lob.





300 A --Large two—atoll? house, god one, 4

CT” lune bum. :50. 30:00. 144, other

ban. “newborns. orchard. Owner dead. heirs

must sell. been In use 1m '91". This is a ton thous-

d dollar term. will sell or $5000, 6350003811. balance

tune. Hall’o‘l'arm Agency. Owego, Tioga .. H. Y.





FARMS—Moon dairy farm. 2 miles north

of Ann Arbor. macro stock farm.

4 mile- hum hulls. smaller farms neu-

Lansing. Adre- J. . TOWAR East Lansing. Min-h.





FW. Fm gringo: land. in Delaware.





hunt live dock, do-

lioious fruit- ud ideal hoe-u. or io-

nddrou. State Rondo! Agriculture. Dover. Mom





 





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS





Four Saginaw and Bay City. in Gladwin and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Buy terms; Clear title. Write

for maps and particular; STAFI‘ELD BROTHERS. '

15 Men-ill Bulldiu. Saginaw. (W. 8.). Michigan.





MICHIGAN FARMS and Him [Mills





For sale or track: reliable information furnished on

any part of state. If you wish to buy. sell or trade.





"2.“ .l. n. "manna. 521 “mull mug, mm:

ACRE 4: hard cod 1

2500 Bone Clty.°filcl?:%:l D. & Milnlelfim





adapted for stock and fruit r Isl ,

JACOB SCHWARTZ. 8.14:1;st





2160-Acrc Mchfigmm'W’i‘iwh 33173





 





 





 





o





bulldi . fine Boil. living stream of watch] to f

opecklggsh o 0





out. cold $10.4!» worth of cattle fro ch

last month. - Hundred bead yet to winter. BIG

BARGAIN. $5 per acre. will take nod km





in Oxt‘hflgo for one-half value of this.

GREEN UGH & BRAINEBD.VM. Michigan ‘





McClure - Stevens Land Co.-





Snoeenon to A J. Shun t Co. Established 1333.

run. mm and Stock Lands. We own 20.000 acre- ot choice

unimproved lands in Glodwin and Clare counties. Sold on

easy payments. Interact 0 percent Write for lntoun‘lon.





 





Gladwln, Michigan.





 





DEKOL 2nd. llama! Paul.

King of the Pontiac.

King Feds.



Heumveld Detol.





to m of P

A sole of clean unblemished tub-mil:

how thaw will he could vi



The a will he held rlsbt at

Ma "bod





 





H. u. a. onvltte‘ soov. '

and nun P. 3mm '





Dispersion and combination Sale!





Wellington, Ohio, Dec. 10; ll a.m.

At which place the entire herds of MALI-ORV!” $0“

with other fine cattle will positively be sold.





CmUu-dwmofthobestlndividunls ndbreedi h

in: the public. In the sale will be a number of fine‘A.R.0. 0035.1 (it-smug", hodthe





7 5—H BAD—7 5





pleasure of offer-

doughten of Bell Korndyko.

Delta! 25‘. Butter Boy Std.

Beat 9950!.





P.“ “we“ Count Dom

Honk one.





Cows and heifers bred to good son: of Pontiac Korndvn. 065020 to 3 can of DeIol hi. lotus! Pal.





Others to a young Sire whose 8 near dams avenue 32.71-lb. A. B. 0.

Mail. red the Inrnd 030 to a 3-D» “in.





one 1! on via.

of Lord lethal-land DoKol. A M bull calm and service bull- fit to heed good

W shook fill-0





we (1 to f Ki t the

no {gtégflbxglofo a gig. can





In an mmddtoonr trio-b and.





‘iivom ma “fi’i‘a‘flmhm‘u m. 4 .4 we I...» In. a a

II n. ' .

in. lulu and Clad-d. -





mum 9 some!

00L. c. E. Baud. Auo um.
‘ 0





5.9.9616





 





”Hewo‘“

B E L GIAN S

They Are Here!





H. & H. Wolf importers of Belgian





Horses exclusively, advise old and

.prospective patrons that their new 1913

importation is now in their barns. It

is in all respects by far the most se-

lect lot of horses of this breed that

have ever been stabled in their barns.

Big, weighty, typey drafters of quality

all through that challenge comparison

uith the Best Anywhere. A select lot

of mares, too. Get our terms and Guar-

antee. This will interest you as much

as the horses.





Hewo Stock Farm

Wabash, Indiana

More than a quarter century

with the breed.





M etz B ros,

Niles, Mich.





We have a fine lot of imported and

American bred





Percheron Stallions





onflhand and we can sell them for less

money than any other importer. Write

us your wants.



METZ BROS., Niles, Michigan.





Root Your $110 With Steel





._ The Economy Galvanized Steel Root is se-





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





easy to put on.

J Immin. with a grounded wire protects

your silo from lightning. The

Economy Root fits silos of all constructions. Wood

cement, hollowh tile, brick orr steel. It’s cheaper and

more dbura lte han woo 0d. efor illustrated folder.

ECONOMY STEEL PRODUCTS 00., 28w ll. Third Street, DES MDINES IOWA





SAVE YOUR CORN





THE FREEMND CORN CRII





is absolute





birds and re. Made





Cures corn perfectly.





indestructible.

Write for illustrated





Easy to erect.





Pioneer Manufacturing Company”

Middlehury, Indians.





BREEDEIS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





Aberdeen-AnB use“; .1

1 ti f Trojan Erions. with an

Pgigp 0013113 in 1:11:11 0 ded by Ea erton W. the GRAND

0N bull ggldshe dfltgte. iWesft lldichigsa 1:1. nd

i an esreo wnnersa. cse

gginoiiil ”forum EN! TERNATION AL. Chico. of

1912. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. ich.





entrants-£25; Tennessee. “11s.:

J. K. BLATOHFORD. Auditoriun Tower. Chicago. Ill.





GUERNSEYS





Bome choice bull calves by May Rose sires, out of dams

nowlmnking good A. 8. records. Prices reasonable.





St. Austell Fnrms. R. No. 3, Jackson, Mich.





 





. Purebred Registered





HOLSTEIN CA TTL E



The Greatest Dairy Breed

Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets

Holstein-Friction. Auo..Box '64, Btnttleboro.Vt.





Bigolow’s Holstein Forms





Breedsvillo, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high oflicial

butter and milk records.



Send for circular.





3 FINE YEABLIIG BULLS!





1 Son of Sir Jolie Johanna. out of an 18th 3-

year-old daughter of Sir May Hex-tog Posch.



‘2 Sons of Johanna. DeColnntha 5th and out of



R..O dams.



5 Bull Calves. by Johanna. Concordia Champ-

ion, No 0. 60575. A copy of the 24th volume

of the Holstein] Friesian year book with

each of these bu ls. oquick buyers





L. E. COMN LL, Fayette, Ohio





Wanted 6 Registered Holsloin Heifers





FromltoZ years old. Send pedigree with prices

C. E. WINTERS. Augustl. Mich. .





“Top-Notch" Holstolns.





f at 101110. old. of fashion-

ogbohoroezdiillligwshe; from“ d2]!!! with oloinl milk

and butter records 'for sole It monolithic prices.



”m I'll-C 00,. "0‘0“. “Iohlonn.





A rm lecu Fol-Milli Friellnn Ball galva-





L took,

GREGORY snou$nfifiowei1rmsiunm





roof against rats. mice. l

of perforated l

galvanized sheet steel. is practically l





. hand.





 





l





l failure.

curely nailed to rafters which adds

strength to the silo. It is permanent- i

When connected





 





l . .

catalog of sizes, prices and all details. l tables the grower





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





El IIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIlllllllll|l||llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllfllllllllllllll||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllHIIllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





gillflllllllllllllllll





llIlIll|lllllllllllllHllllHIIllIllllllllIiilllllllllIlIlllllIll!ll|IlllllllllllllllllllllIlllll|Illll|IHlllll|Illllll|llIll|lllllllllllilllflllllllHllllHHIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIlI|lIlllHIllllllllllllllHllllllllHlllllHllHl





some





-_,

1





1





Your Crops and Your Markets





,truck growing business it is neces-



sary that problems of selling receive

more and more attention; these problems

are growing more complex with the rapid

increase in population and the develop-

ment of large farms that specialize in the

growth of standard market varieties. In

the selection of suitable varieties the

grower faces two problems, the selection

of thOSe that are best adapted to his soil

and climate, and those which he can sell

to the best advantage.



Plainly speaking, there are two kinds of

fruit and truck farming, that which aims

to produce quality fruit and truck for

home use, and that which produces these

crops for the general market. The ideals

in these two types of farming are very

unlike and the varieties and methods of

selling which succeed for the one may

prove a failure for the other.





.IN developing a successful fruit and





The grower who has a small farm and

depends upon the local or family trade has

a different problem. His fruit and vege-

tables are desired because of their qual-

ity; and choice quality brings

prices. The man who grows similar pro-

ducts for the general market finds it bet-

ter to specialize on standard varieties that

can be produced at less cost when grown

in large quantities. in this way his pro-

duce is sought by dealers who are com-

bining produce from many growers in or-

der to attract attention on the big city

markets. Failure to study these two types

of fruit and truck farming has in many

instances turned possible success into

The man with a small farm who

growg quality fruit and vegetables for a.

special market is more or less independent

of the general trade. 011 the other hand,

the man who grows standard crops for the

open market allows the machinery of

commerce to handle his produce and fix

the prices. This branch of the business

has developed marvelously during the past

l'twent} years, but the special or quality

market has been woefully neglected.



In selecting varieties of fruit and vege-

is apt to think chiefly

of the distant market and overlook the

more profitable quality market near at

He is advised to grow and market

his produce so that it will come into com-

petition with that which is grown by men

who are operating on a commercial scale

He viSits some prosperous section where





lthe marketing problems have been worked





[out on a large Scale





 





Every tendency

leads him to look only at the commercial

side of the business. But it is many

times worth while to turn around and in-

vestigate the problems close at hand.



Last winter while making investigations

of marketing problems the writer visited

one of the most famous apple growing

regions in the country. After visiting sev-

eral large cold storage plants in one of

the small cities in the center of this fruit

belt I walked across the canal and up and

down the streets, looking into the stores

and business places. I went into one of

the leading groceries and said to the man:

“Put me up a dozen of your choicest

New York apples: “He looked sortof

puzzled, and said: “I am really ashamed

of these apples, but I have some of the

Oregon apples here in these boxes.” “No,”

I said, “I came down here to investigate

the apple questiOn and I want a dozen of

your best New York apples to carry home

and show my friends.” He put up two

quarts of worm-eaten, ill-shapen apples

and said: “My friend, I am ashamed to

take your money.” I crossed the street

and saw another lot of gnarly, worm-eat-

en culls beside several boxes of choice

Oregon apples.



Now,,I am not saying these things to

find fault or to appear smart. I want to

show that there is an opportunity for the

small grower of quality fruits and vege—

tables to work up a good local market

right under the feet of these big com-

mercial growers who specialize upon va-

rieties that are demanded by the distant

markets. The very nature of their busi-

ness prohibits them catering to local mar-

kets and growing finely flavored fruits

and vegetables. Many delicate fruits and

vegetables are not suited for storage and

shipping -- purposes; 'however, there" is al-

ways an active local "demand for such





I products,





special





providing they can be put on

the market in prime condition.



During the past few' years there has

been considerable discussion regarding the

practice of growing apples on free stocks

Or on dwarfs. Each practice is profit-

able, but the grower cannot afford to

grow common varieties 0n dwarf trees

and compete in the general market. The

choicest dessert apples can be profitably

grown, perhaps, on dwarf ,trees provided

they are put on the quality market. The

standard varieties may be sold to the

commercial dealer, but the choice, finely-

flavored varieties that are groWn on dwarf

trees must be handled by the producer or

his agents. . A



Many grOVvers seek .the advice of .the

experiment station or agricultural papers

concerning the selection of suitable varie-

ties. The scientist is not always in a po-

sition to give intelligent advice unless he

knows the man and has a knowledge of

the conditiOns under which he is work-

ing. He may advise correctly in a general

way as to varieties that are adapted to

his soil and climate, but adaption of va-

rieties to local markets is one of the prob-

lems: that must be worked out by the in-

dividual himself.



The success of the business depends

upon the man and his methods of mar-

keting. The first thing to do, therefore,

is to (house the n11rket one is to rater to

If he is to compete in the general market

he must work on a larger base with stan-

dard varieties. The man with a small

farm will generally do better in the grow-

ing of choice varietieS, if he possesses

sufficient skill, for the quality market.

Too many farmers with a small area are

aiming at the general market. It seems

to me that the rapid development of fruit

and vegetable growing on a commercial

Scale is going to make' it increaSingly

difficult for the small growers to compete

successfully in the production of stan-

dard va1ieties in the years to come and

mat they must (lovelop Sufficient skill to

1aise choicer varieties for the more re-

stricted quality market ’



In apples the demand for choice deS-

sert fruit is almost wholly unsupplied. In

fact, the commercial growe1s have been

So busy meeting the increasing demands

of the open markets and foreign trade

mat the quality markets have been woe-

fully neglected.



A young fruit growerin western New

York has tried out an experiment grow-

ing quality apples on dwarf trees. For

the past two years the yields, though

small, compared with those cf commer-

cial growers who have larger trees, ' are

paying him handsome profits. His fruit,





though less in bulk, is of exceedingly fine -'





quality and the higher p1ices received

more than made up for the smaller yields.

He has sold all of his choice fruit in a

nearby city and has worked up a trade

that would take more than twice the

quantity he can supply. The following is

a copy made from his sales book for a.

load of apples delivered last January

Boxes





12— Lady Winter Sweet ...... $2 50 ' $30.00



9_—Seek--no-Fu1thers . . ...... 2-00 . 18.00

18—Newt0n Pippins ......... 2. 50 45.00

ll—TOmpkins County Kings. 2.00 22.00

10~J0nathan 3.00 30.00

60 $145.00





This year he has tried out an experi-

ment growing grapes. He purchaSed sev-

eral thousand paper sacks and hi1ed two

girls to go through his vineyard and en-

close the finest bunches of Niagara grapes

in sacks. Before the fruit was fit to har-

vest he visited several big hotels and sold

his entire crop of bagged fruit for five

cents per bunch. Next year he is going

to buy more sacks and bag all of his

best fruit. In. this way he can obtain

from 100 to 200 per cent more than would

be the case if he put his fruit on the

open ma1k.et



The same opportunities exist in the

growing of choice peaches, pears cherries

and plums, and to a. lesser extent with

bush fruits. "There is seldom enough

quality tomeet the demand of the fam-

ily hotel trade, for even when the open

market is glu’tted, there are still people

looking for a better grade for dessert use

and for canning] ‘All of these observa-

tions are given to indicate that there is

an opportunity for the small farmer who





‘ -- 1.? 1





.4





city?

"mg tolls and if he has 'only oiie team he





Nov. 29, 1913.





will work nip-La quality market; gfid'im

he should have this idea clearly in mind





before he}:- c'hooseSa his vafieties





:In the production of veg? etables the

commercial grower cannot coinpete suc-





‘ c’essfully 111 the quality market any more





than the small grower can compete with'





him in the general marks: d’WHe must





{raise tough, hardy vegetabl s»t‘li—at will





stand rough handbag and k‘. “for weeks

when put into cold storage “plants. The

small grower who dependsi'up'pn quality

markets will find it profitable to grow the

early varieties and thOSe that excel in

quality and flavor. This principle is well

illustrated in the market for glass-house

fruits and vegetables. People often won—

der that there should be a sale for forced

tomatoes and strawberries after southern

grown products are on ‘the market; but

the fact is that one does not compete

with the other. These products do not go

into the same channels of trade. The

man who grows choice glass- house pro-

ducts does not have to compete in the

Same market with the grower of field

products. He supplies the more restrict-

ed quality market.



It requires a lot of study and patience

to work out methods of reaching the best





'clas-s of cuStomers, 'but once: the trade is





built- up it is easy to hOld and will come

to the man Who has the right kind of

p10duce demanded at, the right time of

the year. In a future article I shall dis-

cuss a few of the methods of selling prac-

ticed by small growers who are catering

to this quality market.

New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





JACKSON CITY MARKET.





HE city of Jackson an important



I marketing center for a large and



fertile area, including Jacksori and

adjoining counties, now has a retail mar-

ket in successful operation which prom-

ises to put a dent in the high cost of

living. The council secured centrally lo—

cated property on WaShington street,

known as the Parish feed barns, and the

market was opened a few weeks ago,

somewhat sooner than was intended and".

before the buildings and grounds could be

put in proper shape. ' There was no offi-

cer on hand, yet there was good order.

Faxme1s began to arrive at five o’clock

but found none there to buy. Even at

seven o’clock there was no rush, most of

the business being done betWeen"e1ght

and ten 3. m. The attendance of both

buyers and sellers far exceeded the ex-

pectations of the committee. in T'charge.

City housewives enjoyed the novelty of

the early morning buying, and they ap-

preciated the freshness of the vegetables

and fruit direct from the farm. Most

articles were sold for less money than

the grocery stores and hucksters demand.

For example, dairy butter sold for 30 cents

a pound, or about four cents less than

the grocer asks. Potatoes sold for $1 per

bushel, or about the same as the store

price. Cabbage brought five cents ahead,

against the store price of eight and ten

cents. Farmers with eggs made quick

sales at 30 cents.



Tru’ck. gardeners who make that a' bus-

iness uSually have their stuff sold by tel-

ephone before they leave home, but the

market is especially helpful to farmers

who drive long distances and often spend

half a day or longer driving about the city

to dispose of their produce. The market

opens at four a. m. and closes at ten 21.

In. each week day and is free to all. Ho-





: tel and boarding house people appreciate





the market and t'here seems to be general

satisfaction among producers and con-

sumers. The market is opening rather

late in the season, since much of the fruit

and other Stuff is out for this year, but a

good start has been made and when Well

advertised the attendance will grow right

along. I

John Harrison, 21 Jackson county farmer

living eight miles from the city,¥who has

been peddling vegetables, fruit, etc., in

Jackson for the past 35 years, is sure

that the public market if properly con-

ducted will be a great boon to all who

will take advantage of it. He says: “The

way it is now anybody outside of the

short distance telephone ,has no show on

earth to sell his produce,” either to pri—

vate citizens or to stores, on equal terms

with people living near town. Nearly

'half, or perhaps more, produce is either

contracted for or sold over the telephone.

A man living three miles out tells me his

stuff is sold and he always gets home by

half past elght'mornings. How is it with

the man living eight to 15 miles from the

He cannot telephone without pay-





cannot go to market more than two or

three times a week. No outsider can





compete in “selling 51119. Stuff at the stores





.4
soy. .29., 191:.





with those who go to town every days I _





have traveled all the _«way down “East 7





Main street to Cooper and have not sold

tWO bushels, and there are others. What

is the consequence? We are driven ~to

peddling and We don't get a bit more for

our stun than do thoSIe who come every

day and sell to the stores. If business .is

good I get home at two p. m., and if dull

I am lucky to get home by seven or eight

o'clock. 'For my part, I hail the market

movement with delight. There Should be

rules and regulationsand a Dulce where

We can feed and water our‘h'orses.”

Kent C0. ‘ A. War.





 





CAUTION ABOUT SAMPLING MILK

' mo cat-2AM.





 





We should not allow your own mistake

to be charged against the cream or milk

buyer. It is quite wrong. But this oc-

casionally happens where the uninformed

take samples of milk or cream to be test-

ed. They are not careful" to have the

milk or cream stirred thoroughly so that

the mass is consistent throughout. How-

ever, any ordinary person can take a

faithful sample by following simple rules:

The milk or cream should be poured. from

one pail or can to another and back'again

several times, after which the sample 'for

testing should be taken immediately, i.

e., before the cream has had a chance to

riSe to the top. A sample taken in this

manner will be a true guide to the

amount of butter-fat in the milk or cream

tested.



A few farmers do their own testing for

butter-fat and most farmers could learn

how to do it but it takes time and makes

some trouble. To overcome these ob-

stacles the Michigan Farmer offers to test

samples of milk or cream free for sub-

scribers that they may know the amount

of butter-fat in theme products, either for

the purpose of weeding out unprofitable

cows or of seeing that the milk or cream

buyers are giving proper returns. To avail

yourself of this service take a sample

as above directed, put it in a four-ounce

wide-mouthed bottle which should be en-

closed in a. mailing case. and send by par-

cel post to Michigan Farmer Laboratories.

674 Woodward avenue. Detroit. ‘We can

furnish a. bottle and mailing case for 100

in stamps. Send orders for these to the

Michigan Farmer, Detroit.





 





NOTICE.





 





Any subscriber desiring to sell butter.

poultry, eggs, apples, vegetables, honey,

and other products direct to consumers.

should send his name and address, and a

list of'the things he has for sale. to the

Farm COmmerce Department. Michigan

Farmer, Deficit.





 





Crop and Market N otcs.





Mlchlgan.





Mecosta 00., Nov. 18.-—Novembcr has

been as a. whole a very nice month to

date. Cattle still on pasture. Seeding

that got a good start is looking good.

Meadows are all in good shape for win-

ter. Wheat is not grown here to any ex-

tent; rye is looking good. There is sufli- ‘

cient feed except perhaps hay, for home

consumption. Some corn for sale. Po-

tatoes were the best crop they have been

in a, number of years, some farmers mar-

keting nearly all their crop. The price

ranged from 50@60c, the farmers prefer-

ring not to speculate too much at these





prices. Not much stock being fed.

Branch 60., Nov. Ill—Much corn to

husk yet. Has been considerable bad





weather, this causing much delay. Corn

is of good quality but many pieces light'

owing to drouth. Potatoes about all se-

cured but yield is light and they are sell-

ing at 60c. Cloverseed was a good crop

and is now selling at $10@10.50- Cabbage

crop light and heads very small. Hardly

any apples and p00r quality generally.

Butter selling at 270; eggs 320.



Gratlot 00., Nov. l3.—Potato crop was

geod and for the most part the surplus

is held for higher prices. They bring 50c

on the market. Meadows are in g

condition as are new seedings. Early

sown wheat and rye have a good top for

winter protection. Late sown is still very

light. The acreage is about 80 per cent

for wheat: 70 per cent for rye. The sea-

sons product of both grains. thought light,

is largely in the farmers’ hands. Beans

about the only grain being marketed.

'lghey are $1.70 per bu; eggs and butter

2 c.





Lapeer 00.. Nov. 19.—Although the po-

tato crop is lighter than it was ayear ago

it still is a normal crop for the county.

The market price is around 500 per bu.

There is a. fair amount of the surplus in

tarmers’ hands. Meadows, new seeding.

wheat and rye are all looking well. About

70 per cent of the feed on hand will be

required for home consumption. Surplus





grain about all sold. Many hogs are he. sets.

ling fed. but the number of cattle in feed

lots is small. . Besides potatoes, beans and

rye are being marketed. the price being

for beans. $1.70. and for rye 61c per bu.

Cloverseed is yielding about a bushel per

As yet but little corn is husked.





acre.





‘ ~





THE MICHIGAN’FA'RMER





., _ Maine.

Ponobscot 60.. Nov. 18.-—‘T0 date very

little if any fall work has been,accom-

plished owing to the extreme wet weath-

er for the last six weeks. It is reported

that in some sections of the state -many

fields of potatoes remain in the ground

from the fact that the land was so wet

it was impossible to dig them. There has

been Several cold nights, freezing the

ground to a depth of several inches. it

is estimated that the loss on potatoes

which rotted and froze‘in the ground will

reach upwards of $10,000. The average

potato yield in the state for 1913 was 220

bushels. compared with 198 bushels in

191.2. The present price paid for potatoes

is 52c. Eggs 40c. Most of the cattle. es-

pecially young stock, have been housed

for the winter. Fall feed in pastures was

very good owing to so much wet weather.

New York.





Niagara Cc.—Potatoes have turned out

better than was expected, although they

are only half a crop. The late planted did

the best. They are selling for 75@900 a

bushel. The meadows are in excellent

shape owing to the amount of rainfall this

autumn. Wheat is standing fine, partic-

ularly therlate sowing. There is some fly

in the early sowing. Rye in this section

is only sown to plow under. As this is

distinctly a. fruit section all the feed the.

farmer raises is used for his own con-

sumption and then tons bought. Hay in

the only exception. Quite a little of that

is baled and~sold at»$10@15 a ton at

present. Cabbage is scares and selling at

from $15@18. Price is falling and farm-

ers are holding it as the future looks

good. Beans are only one-third of a crop

and some few farmers have half a crop;

they are $2 per bushel. The late sowings

also turned out better than the early.

There is but little stock raised here.

Cows are high, from $75@150. A lot of

stunted stock has been shipped from Can-

ada to the Buffalo yards and. they are

trying to dispose of it here. It is doubtful



' to its success. Few sheep are ralSed

Sucking pigs bring $5 a pair.



Pennsylvania.



Crawford Co.. Nov. 19.—“’e had a. snow

storm which began the 9th and lasted

until the 12th. Snow very deep in some

places drifted from 10 to 15 feet. Did not

cause any serious damage. It soon melt-

ed, leaving the roads in very bad condi-

tion. Potato crop not up to average. New

seeding doing fine. Farmers are well

supplied for winter. Corn an average

crop. Wheat and rye looks fairly well.

Butter 380.: eggs 45c; beef and pork are

coming down.



Lancaster Co.. Nov. 12.——Potatoes were

an average yield, while the quality was

above normal. Prices range around 80c

per bu. Cloverseed is yielding well, while

new seeding is nicely started. Wheat was

a good crop. but there is little rye raised

in this section. Farmers have a large

amount of feed on hand for home con-

sumption. The corn crop was good. Only

a small portion of this crop is put into

slim, but the amount is increasing from

year to year. A fair number of cattle

being fed. The section is devoted chiefly

to dairying. It is difficult to find feeder

steers. Turkeys are scarce, while chick-

ens are plentiful and. of good quality.





here.





Farmers are marketing wheat at 900 per'





bu; hay $18 per ton baled; butter 36c:

lard 12c; eggs 42c.

Ohio.



Madison 60., Nov. 19.-—-The very‘ stormy

weather the first Week of November is

causing heavy drafts on feed. Very little

hay and rough feed for sale. However,

there is plenty for home consumption.

The new seeding of wheat and rye looks

excellent. Farmers are now marketing

corn at 60c per bu. The surplus of this

crop will possibly all be marketed by the

holidays, as the crop is very light. Near-

ly all farmers are buying potatoes, the

crop was nearly a failure. Very little

stock being fed for market, some few cat-

tle, but not like in former years. Buyers

are looking up poultry for the Thanksgiv-

ing trade. especially turkeys, and are

bidding 18@19c per lb. They are very

scarce. Good draft horses are bringing

good prices. Wheat 90c; corn 60c; oats

37c: rye 65c: potatoes $1; eggs 30c: but-

ter 320.



Hancock Co.. Nov. 17.-Pot-ato crop is

about one—fourth of average yield. Wheat

and rye in fine condition. Meadows look

good for a heavy grass crop. Corn about

one-half husked and a good yield. Many

hogs rushed to market in poor condition

on account of cholera. Prices from 7@

,8c. Much hay sold from $10©12 per ton.

Lambs sold at 6%c: cattle “Ilse. Heavy

snow and rainy weather for nearly a

week make fields wet.





lndlana.





Jay Co.. Nov. 20.-—Annther week of very

bad weather, snow and rain making it

impossible for farmers to do any corn

husking. There is much corn yet in the

field: one-fourthlof crop is cribbed: qua]-

ity good. Some farmers are shredding

when weather permits. This week. Nov.

20. is turkey week but most raisers ex-





perienced a poor season With their fowH





Price will be 17c and the supply smal.

Eggs 32c: chickens 10c: ducks 9c: geese

9c: feathers 70c. The hay press men are

buSy but the price isn't up enough to in-

duce a. heavy market.





Illlnoll.





Champalgn 00., Nov. 15.——0n account



extremely dry summer the potato crop

was a complete failure, farmers not rais-

ing any at all. All potatoes were shipped

in from Michigan, VVlsconsin and Minne-

The un rains have helped meadows

considerable and are about in normal

condition now. No new seeding for mea-

dows. It is customary now to seed clover

In spring for meadow one year and also

as fertilizer to builrl land. ' A normal



(Continued on page 498).





1





- -—Ose of the fore-wet dun buck.

Bill-calves for sale. Wirlh for do-

Mr‘lption. Michigan School of the Deaf.Fllnt.chh





. ' ' —Beveral nice bulls train 2 to



breedin mméififim °"' '"°"°""m’°

. ; every one a



sure.- wriie‘ilodu. sonar w. my. Ila-om.





”I'IIIS—Two grade heifers perfectly marked. the

to freshen in Janus: for $75 each. Rea-

istered bull calves priced to sell. ll. lemy. Aha-lick.





17—501"





I

.. L' ready for service. Aug. pill. Al,

, . of . I e lo:

oso. 9. arms a. mum? {nahWOoM-

II'II US Your Wants for M. Chester White Swine, Boll-

loin 8km '





. pains. Sheep lamb loin. Sept. pigs now

ready in ship-pl. IA? B. PAIHAI. are-on. liable-I.





.. I. Co-SD?“ bogsfil‘sold. Rev: sugg‘lot 3.!

skin unifi'igxgm )hlc. WW°J uzap'o'im





was is fol what mm A. Newman. n 1. unless. lich.





 





[ORR-El. STOCK FDA} $3M





months old for mu. E. B RNELL. Howell. Mich.





Magnificent Holstein Bull call For Sale





Two months old. B 5 lbs. butter bull; dam. the A.

3.0. 00w Houwtio . DoKol Alb None .

Seven-eighth- white. Yellow skin. 11 .

ROUOBMONT FARMS. Detroit. Michigan.

2 CHOICE EOIS‘I'FAN BULL GAINS—By a producing Son of



Pontiac Bohr Boy whose dam Belle of Traverse ham





of ”1118. W in 7 day]. he individuals

quick Isle. Address. HILLCRET FARE Kai-mama. lich.





FOR SALE’b.mmw.le‘ifil“3‘;ui‘l‘f::

M‘prlou. Coleman & Whipple. R. 6. Xenon. loll.





 





 





Buy Jerseys

Dollar for dollar invested. the Jersey

willearn back the amountpaid

for her quicker than other

II' finely“ ‘he: or um



r



rings a or 133:0 & q



ed. and hot





or per pound.

she is us

low cost of son makes her





most desirable. Write now for Jersey



facts. Nochsr‘e.



WC“ Just! CATTLE (31.03

m V. 8d St. New York





 





 





Fall. lane a. “stud lull nerd-2mm





tuberculin tes Jersey Cattle of all me for sale.

IRVIN FOX. Prop" Anew. man.





BUTTER BRED asserts“

CRYSTAL EBBING STOCK FARM





Silver Creek. om County. chhl'gnn.

oduct-





JERSEYS—iii" has: 3?: Eu





Breakwater Farm. 8.. P. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Miss.

Lllllo Farmstead Jul-”:3

free -





(Tuberculin tasted. Guarantee: I“

Oslo-ll.) Several good bulls and bull ooh. out of

good dairy cows for sale. 30 temples 202 CI. ill

present. Set action embeds

COLON C. LILY . (300m. m.





Orin Stadium Bull For Sah'fim‘“. Anflmm'm

Red. A smbuederofimngood calves. Alt-ism

kind. W. W. Knapp. \{stervlleh Mich, B. . D. 4.





mm Inn illuminant .. Wm

J. B. WHEEL. Recon. Michigan.

9 Shoru‘orm—Bfills fir-lg: Bottolbzmonths

Write for pedigrees. w. wf’x'uapr. Howell. mo '

.3

son sau: grammars

rod calf. 1:..1. 1m NK. new . Wu.

f0“ SHE—6 Bhonhgtrn Bulls. 7 to 12 mos. sired by





Whitehall Sultan. also

females. . B. MoQuillan. Howell or Chilean. llch.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





sneer.





' -Yearll cadre-aim fnonOhau on

[mm flock 017mm. of Mich. Also select 33‘“.

daln swine. llnhurst Stock Farm. Almont. lick.





OXFORD RAMS N“) EW ms anus at





More prices.

Address B. F. Miller or 600. L. Spillane. Flint. Mich.





Ihmo-Ym-Old OXFORD and IllOOPSHllE Ham





For sale cheap. Parkhurst Ill-00.. Hood Oitv. link.





'I' PAY! 1'0 SUV PURI DIED SHEEP OF 'lISONs.

“ sheep man of on out." Shwpshlnl.

Pulled Deln‘nes and Parson Oxfords. ll. 1. Grand Lsdggmch.





gag. Bamobulllel Show, Pm Ind MIMI Ollina





GS and PEBCHEBON HORSES. 23‘ miles

E. Morrioe. on G. T. R. B. and M. U. 3.3!. Q. A. 000K.





HROPSEIBI RAMS. Wed. Siredby Imp. Hinton rm.

Quality for grade or registered flocks. Also some young

owes. Price: right WILLIS S. IEADE. lapses. lichinn.





 





 





 





 





 





o I c -Bpring Boers all sold. fell pigs ready to

I - I shl . also a few choice rodfiollcd heifers.

JOHN BERN R do SON. Grand edge. Mich.





\THIS





111mm mhnodorsontho road tom

than “Jillian living. I have thalargest and Or»

in e U. 8. Every one an early developer,



the not“ kotgt six month. olr‘la I went to





 





 





 





For B d the lat wth!



m m m type. 11:50 2 Reg. fieggerou

Stallions Lyn-old. I. A. BRAY. Okenon. Mich.

-7 b . ri fsrr w. lull i either

WOO” ax.°3fio;pm§§om °. so. magmas.

CHERRY LAWN FARM. R. 2. hcpherd. Michigan.

Fancy bud Dam Jerseys—Boar. e Gilts of spri &





I nor furrow. Good individuals at reasons 10

bring: John IoNlooll. Btctlon a. in. nu cm. in





U300 JERSEYS—Spring hours of the big type. a

few from cherry Kismthc 1912 International champ

ion, at prices that will sell them. W l‘. Tulanlllsnmioh





 





”mes—36 High Class immuned boars mod for

service. Special £ricee for 30 days. rite

or come and see. J. 0. BA HEY. Goldwater. Mich.





 





BIO TYPE DU BOOB—March and April Boers. read!

for service. Pain not akin. Alec “ruffle

l'. J. DBODT. R. No. 1. Monroe. 101:.





 





til-ms for sale.

lirssrsllisislmlt 3.31"".-





 





OUBOOS, Goof Emil to Ship Without llu Huey.

K0?! EON I . Kindcrhook. llchkll.



_ — :‘Lna boar-hall prize-win-

I’gififidflsfil‘gfis. ar‘r-nrmzt'unn

As— Both Western and Home





POLAND cm amt Either new. all





Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusto. 1?“:





Poland china: and Sin 0 comb Illih lighum.





8.1!. WING l 80 . Sharla... Milan.





 





 





 





 





m. POLAND OHINAS





The Large Prolific Kind

no; SPRING BOABS

At Farmers' Prices.





ALLEN BROS

Paw Paw. - - Michigan.





 





POLAND CHINA—Spring.

from large prolific sow, litters up to l0.

prices on boars. ROBERT NIVI. Plomn.



I Prolific Poland China. the

”In" 8 Ila 'nIE khld th“ my mt on 3110'-

in; after you not them. Big boars read

Sowe bred for spring fart-ow. fall pigs.





rises. They don't. breed them any better. A breeder

or over 20 years. J. O. BUTLER. Portland. Mich.





P. O. IIHOH Ill APRIL Plfirflhnilalgfiwmffil,





to please. 3. W. MILLS. Saline. Michigan.

~—P

FOR SALE .Ki‘i‘é.lf%‘.‘$£°$llce.¥f’§if

G. W. BOLTON. B. No. 11. Kalamazoo. ch.

POLAND CllNAS‘Wfi”’r’3§L‘i‘.-l§f2

L. W. BARNES A SON. Byron, Shiewssss Co.. M ch.

BIG “H: P. uncontaminated:

A. A. WOOD & SO . Saline. Michigan.





Sunni-r and Fall

9‘5?

l .





 





 





 





 





INGLESIDE FARMii’gaspgg'gh‘f





ewes bred in choice rams for £15.00 per .

HERBERT E. POWELL. lonla. Michigan.





Twelve bred lvn-mr-old Shropshire Eve: bulls





W. E. HOBBISH. Flushing. Michigan.





SHROPSHIRES A '9' choice rm-





priced

ri t for immediate shi t.

C. J . THOMPSON. dfiockford. Mlchlggfiyn





SHBOPSHIIE III: “0 EWEO FOO “IE.





pas" scones. a. 1. Marion. room

"005.

- '—ADes'bchhfSo

OHM: ‘vmn.’ Eitheil-rfiregd d‘lngA. r‘II andwfiao?

M. '1'. Story. 2 3.48 Lowell. mail. o'ity Phone at.





m "ulna mun: lzfgztéhat are ready for service

A. A. PATTULLo‘. Deci’gfvlhfirfibfiigifigag‘ft'





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





BERKSHIRE 011-33316 spill. figs.“garli§:é

stock. murmurs s'rocx vanu. Almost. mos





 





BERKSHIRESIESISR Kg'alfihfiiofiii





gilts. T. V. HICKS. Route 11, Battle Crook. Mich.





!

BURGESS 8 BERKSHIRE. MISTEOPIEOE “Hill

1118 LONG SQUARE KIND

2Handsome mrling boars. 38plendid fell Its. 4

Spring pins. Papers and pedigrees furnis . No

cholera ever on the farm. 00! noble.

W. 0. HULBER'I‘. Mgr. R. 4. Big Rapids. Mich.





O. I. G. SWINE“}’?:$§ {#3 093,33;

pl. on hand. Will book orders for Sept. pas.

get my Krlcs on hair: and trics not akin.



. J. GORDON R. No. 2. Don. Mich.





 





 





 





cm W—Spflu and summer pi write us



your wants. Price dam“: right.

MViowfltooka. am). 10.73.3011... arms.

I m Ihaveafowcholooyoongb





modes.

of April furrow. either sex

Twenty ma breeder. W. 0. Wilson. Che-cs.





0.|.O’s.-—lal'n5 Order: ler Sept. Pigs, "£30.?“





 





 





FRED NICK]! B. No. l. Homoe. Michigan





-—Ei . .

POLAND CHINAS thiiz'fifi 3' 3%.. $333.

1’. D. LONG. R. No. 8. Gran Rapids. Michigan.





Large Type P. 0. Largest. in Mich. Boats all sold.

‘ Am book) orders for Bred Gilts. Come and see

Biz Desmolu. a t Boer in U. 8; of weighs 845

lbs. at 19 montha xpenseefiaid if notsa isficd. Free

Liven from Perms. W. E. lvlngstcn. Patina. Mich.





' —Piy fax-rowed in Au st. fro

“’5. 'thfi rize winning stook.gufor tall:

ONES & LU Z. Oak Grove. Michigan.





IMPROVED LARGE YORKSHIRE





Ion III (“to bred for September and October

tarmw. Service boars. Pigs all ages. Breeding

and prices upon application.



W. C. COOK. R. 42. Ada. Michigan.



BIG TYPE MULE FOOT HOGS—AH ages for





350 ads. Prolific and hard . Beet breed for Mlchi on.

Also Ponies. J. DUNLAP. oxM.Williameport. Otto





MULEFOOT Hoes 52.2 egg.





 





 





 





 





‘

t





 





all 8893. C. F. BACON. Milan. Michigan.

—All for sale. Bi wth

M. MI "0“ proli c m 'y.

- g . profitab hes th . W

for can you want. u. o. anmlfi‘ow. A41. 013?. .





 





FOR SALE YORKSHIRES





.081 Pin. Aug. farrowed. from large litters.

MEADOWLAH‘D FARM

Waterman a Waterman. Ann Arbor. Mich.





WIRE SWINE—Young boon ready for service. Also





' spring {snowed gills snd Aug fur-owed pigs for sale.

his not akin. (no. 8 I . Grand lodge. Mich.





—A

YORKSHIRE SWINE gamma? 333;





68.10. OBTBANDEB BR Morley. Ml





 





 





Yawn Boers—At formers bring-hart nosed.bi¢

boned fellows. farmwod April weight 25 lbs.

Fall pigs. send lot photos. Chas. Iota. Evert, Mich.





lillie Farmstead Yorkshires





 





. l ' l . r ,

Spangliuéosrflend d ones all pigs. either sex.





G'IQI

chON c.





 





ring fax-row.

L Ll Cooper-ville. Michigan.
TH E MICHIGAN .F ARMER





. \





NOV. 29. 1913. ~





 





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. , E

E ' ' o ' D o g

g raC 1C3 ClCnce. g

El|IIlIIII|IIllllllllllllllllIllllll|||lllllI|Illlll|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllll|IIllIllllllllllIlIllllIlllllllillllll|llllll|llllllllIlllllllIIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll|Illl||Ill|lllIll|llIll|llI||IllllIlI|l|||lIllllIIll|IlIllllllflllllllllllllllllfl-





OYSTERS AS FOOD.

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.



The oyster is one of the non-vegetable

products which has undoubtedly figured

materially as a factor in the high cost of

living among the American people. But

it is considered a very great delicacy

among a great many people and we have

purposed giving a little data on this very

impOrtant food adjunct at this season of

the year.



As compared with other animal food

products the oyster furnishes the least

food material per dollar of any which we

have studied. At the prevailing price of

50 cents per quart for solid pack oysters

there is no comparison between their food

value and the food value of eggs at 40

cents per dozen, and eggs at 40 cents per

dozen produce nowhere near the food

value that sirloin'steak does at 25 cents

perlpound. Likewise, sirloin steak at 25

cents per pound is probably one-third

more expensive than cheese at 20 cents

per pound, butter at 35 cents per pound

or milk at 10 cents per quart. It is ap-

parent therefore, that, considered from a

standpoint of food units contributed. there

is little use in giving consideration to

oysters. But. as is common on the Am-

crican table, there are a great many pro-

ducts which contribute little value and

for which an exceedingly high price is

tolerated. that are decided luxuries to

many other people are considered neces-

sities by the American people, and even

among the more poorly paid Americans.



The Adulteration of Oysters.



It would secm that with a product which

has so little fool value as oysters have

they might be presented to the consumer

without any further reduction in value,

but it is only within the last two or three

years that such a product as solid-pack

oysters has become generally familiar to

consumers.



A very common form of adulteration of

Oysters has been the addition of water.

in fact, so much has this been practiced

that in certain 10calities the fact that

oysters when grown are unaccompanied

by such a large exccss of water as that

found about them on the market has

been unknown to many dealers. With the

passage of the National Food and i'lrugs

Act, however, the attention of the federal

and state authorities became focused up—

on this COnimodity and with the reSult,

due to proper inspection methods, it is

now possible to purchase oysters which

contain no more watcr titan they con-

tained at the time Of shocking.



Oyster Industry is a Big Industry.



Very few people have any idea of how

enormous an industry the oyster growing

and packing induFtI‘y is. According to

Stiles, of the Department of Agriculture,

it is estimated that approximately 25,000,-

000 bushels of oysters were marketed in

the. United States during the year 1012,

and likewise that more than 6,000,000

bushels of oysters are marketed annually

in New York city alfmc. An industry

which thus represents some twenty or

more milliOn dollars per year is surely an

industry which needs careful attention

from the United States government and

inasmuch, likewise. as the industry is one

of the food supplying industries of the

country, it thus appeals very strongly in-

deed to the American people.



Oysters are produced along the coast of

New Jersey. in and about New York and

Long Island Sound, and up the coast of

Maine, along Chesapeake Bay and at var—

ious points in the Gulf of Mexico. Due to

the transplanting of the seed a great

many places along the coast waters of the

I’iiitcd States have been used as oyster

beds by the fisheries of the I'nitetl States.

The fishery statistics Show {bode Island,

Connecticut, New York, New Jersey,

Maryland, Mississippi, Louisiana and Tex—

as to be the large oyster producing states

in the I‘nited States.



Canned Oysters.



Aside from the shell oysters and the

solid pack oysters there is a small oyster

canning industry which, however, is not

so extensive in comparison with the fresh

oyster induStry as it was a few years ago.

Perhaps one-eighth of the total valuation

of the oyster crop is represented by the

canned oyster and seven-eighths of it by

the marketing of fresh oysters alone.



The oyster is reproduced from seed, or

eggs, a single spa producing upwards of

1,000,000 oyster seeds during a season,

After being hatched in the sea water, the





young oyster seed in 'the course of two or

three weeks settles to the bottom where,

if it finds a congenial habitat it becomes

fixed and the process of growth begins. It

takes from three to five years for the

oysters to develop sufficiently to make it

profitable for the market. During the

first season, which may be called the

seeding time, the young oysters are used

for starting new beds and it is in this

condition that they are shipped from one

part of the coast to another to establish

the industry in various localities. Of

course, they are subject to a great many

life hazards during the first two or three

years of their existence. Other similar

products feed upon them and the number

which reach what we may call the adult

stage is far less than were hatched. It

Would seem therefore, that this process of

nature is very well planned to provide

for the general increase under the severe

conditions to which the oyster is subject.

Probably the most serious menace to the

oyster induStry is the effect of the pollu-

tion through the instrumentality of sew-

age. The natural habitat of the- oyster

is in shoal water and this being the caSe,

unless very distantly removed from our

cities, it is very apt to become contam—

inated from the sewage effluence of the

city.

The Floating of Oysters.



\Vhen the propagation of the oyster

became started through artificial means

it soon became evident that they could be

made to take on enormous size if just im-

mediately before gathering they were

iloated in fresh water. This was called

the fattening process. As a. matter of

far-t, it was taking advantage of a com-

mon physical phenomenon known as' os-

nicsis, by which the oyster takes in an

tizorinous quantity of fresh water from

the outside, therefore increasing the size

and Weight. Subsequently, when the pro-

duct was transported inland much of this

water again became diffused from the

oyster proper and there was an excessive

amount of liquid prei'ent in the can, or

measure, along with the oyster itself. The

most serious objection, however, to this

so-called floating, or freshening process,

by some called fattening proce-s, was the

fact that the water in which they were

floated was usually a water contaminated

.from sewage and consequently we have





 





the all t00 familiar knowledge of the

many epidemics of typhoid fever and the

like that have been traced directly to thel

consumption of oysters from such Sec-l

iions. The United States government has

begun a. remarkable warfare against thisi

practice and it would seem that from at

public health point of view there shouldl

be no difficulty in securing the support of '

the entire nation in this matter.

Pollution of Oysters.

The evidence of pollution in oysters is

the presence of gas producing organisms





 





and the identificz'ition of the colon bacillus, ’

the same evidence which is required in;





detecting evidence of pollution in drinking

water. The remedy for this condition is

the prohibition of the use of frc:-hening

grounds for oysters and a rigid inspection

of the so—called farms where the oysters

are propagated.



It used to be the custom to ship oysters

into interstate commerce in containers in

which chunks of ice were placed. This

practice was questionable from two point};

oi view: First, the oysters became ac-

tually contaminated with water or adul-

tcrated, due to the melting of the ice;

and second, the questionable character of

the ice from a sanitary point of View in—

creased the hazard of pollution to the-

consumers in eating the oysters. The

Bureau of Chemistry forbids the use of

ice in the container containing shocked

oysters in interstate commerce and the

regulations of most of the states, Mich—

igan included, prevent the marketing of

oysters containing more water than that

naturally belonging there, and likewise the

preSence of colon bacillus or gas produc-

ing Organisms is considered an evidence

of pollution.



The oyster industry is one of the oldest

industries knowri but, like many other old





 





 





 





industries, it is within a comparatively

few years that scientific methods for its;

control have been adopted, and it is onlyf

within the last two or three years that.

oysters may be eaten by the American

people with any very great degree of

safety, and this is due largely to the effi-

ciency of national and state food inspec-

tion.





 





 





Your Grandfather Rear] If

Your Father Read It

Are YOU Reading It?





An old man can never be made young. Aworn-out reaper is fit

only for the junk heap. A horse that is past usefulness must be retired.



But an old farm can be made new!



The owner of a hundred-acre farm was beating all his neighbors

in crops, yet his business was a fizzle.



It looked as if he’d have to quit the game to make a living. But

he told his troubles to a farm-management expert. The expert got

busy and made that farm over from pasture to cornerib. He moved

fences, started rotations—did just the things an expert replanning a

factory would do.



And when he was done the deficit had been turned into a profit.



For several years the Department of Agriculture, through its field

agents, has been experimenting with various farms, with the owners’

cooperation, along the lines of system and efficiency. We are able

to publish the results in a series of four articles, of which this is the

first, under the title, Old Farm: Made New. They tell how to replan

a farm for economy in time and labor. -





PECANS—A Tree Crop of Tomorrow





A plantation owner set out a sixteen-acre pecan orchard at a cost of $600.

Three years later a friend asked, “What will you take for it?”



“It’s not for sale,” the owner answered, and $1800, $3000, $4000, wouldn’t

budge him. VVhy?



“Because when it is ten years old I can sell it for $16,000—$1000 an acre,”

he declared. Now it is nine years old and he wouldn’t take $16,000, because it

will soon be paying twenty per cent. on that valuation. .



Tree Crops is the next big thing in farming, says Dr. J. Russell Smith, and

he understands this subject better than anyone we know. He studied the nut

orchards of this country, and some friends of the University of Pennsylvania thought

so highly of his work that they sent him on an 18,000-milc trip through Southern

Europe and North Africa, where pecans, chestnuts, walnuts, olives, dates and

the rest have flourished for centuries.



-He returned with a new faith in tree crops. He tells in this series of articles

how the nut industry must be reestablished in America.





Fresh F owl—or Frozen

Cold storage is a saving grace to the farmer—it prevents gluttcd markets

and cqualizcs prices the year round.

The poultryman especially will find that the cold—storage plant is his best

friend. Here’s a story that tells what it means to you as no other article you





ever read has told.

A Woman and a Windmill





In the homesteading game on Uncle Sam’s free land women win out as well

as men; women of pluck and common sense, like this woman who took a wind—

mill along with her when she went out to try to make a home for herself.



“Any woman can do it,” she says, “if she will buckle down cheerfully and

not try to be a parlor ornament. ”



This real story of a rm! woman is better than fiction.





Out West —The Little Landers





Can a family farm a quarter of an acre and get a living out of it? That’s the

claim back of Southern California’s Little—Lander movement. Ever hear of the

little landers? We have investigated them. You may be interested in the result.





These Are a Few of the Big Features You Will Find in

One of Our Four December Issues. But They Are Not All





Growing Alfalfa for Market. A

hundred dollars an acre in a droughty

year looks good to Kansas farmers,

and their cornficltls are rapidly becom-

ing alfalfa fields. Have you tried-alfalfa

as a money crop?





When Dairymen Get Together.

For a long time the dairymen have been

divided into many factions. Dealers

and producers have waged continual

warfare. Ice cream manufacturers have

been misunderstood. Breeders have

followed false gods and have maligned

each other’s breeds. But harmony is “Mainspring of ,thc farm"—-—thc wife

coming. The last National Dairy Show and mother. And a dozen more articles

was really a peace conference as well « dealing with the twoimportant features

as a school for producers, dealers and of the farm business—economy in pro-

manufacturers. Ourarticlc on the Dairy duction; profit in marketing.





IF FARMING IS YOUR BUSINESS YOU NEED





‘Dfe COUNTRY

GEN TLEMAN





Show will have a new point of View.

It’s not merely a list of prize winners,

but a foresight into dairy futures.





Progressive Agriculture. A girl

made $107 from tomatoes on a tenth

of an acre. A boy raised '167 bushels of

corn on an acre. Uncle Sam is teaching

92,000 boys and 33,000 girls how to

get the most from the farm, and they

are teaching their fathers and mothers.



Then there’s a great woman’s de-

partment, with the advance guard of

Christmas shopping suggestions and

holiday recipes and helpful hints for the





Five Cents the Copy, of all Newsdealers. $1.50 theYenr, by Mail





THE CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY, Independence Square

Philadelphia, Pa.





 

   





 





 





i
i=1manmaunmnmmmmumninmmmmmw



Our Motto—“Tho farmer is of more

consequence than the farm. and should be

first improved."





THE DECEMBER PROGRAMS.





State Lecturer’o Suggestions for First

Meeting.



Song by Grange choir.



"600d will march” about the hall,.with

singing.



Roll call of officers. responded to by each

naming one thing the Grange has. ac-'

complished during the past year.



Election of officers for” 1914.



Roll call of newly elected officers, re-

sponded to by each with a word of greet-

ing or word of promise for the coming

year.



“Banquet march," led by officers, pres-

ertit and newly-elected masters together,

e c. '



Closing song.





 





 





 





THE NATIONAL _GRANGE MEETING.





 





Thirty states desponded to roll call

when the National Grange convened for

its 47th annual meeting, at Manchester,

N. H... November 11. This number ex-

ceedod last year’s representation by two

and is the greatest number of states that

have ever participated in, a meeting of

this organization. Twenty-nine states}

were entitled to»representation last year

but Kentucky was absent because of the

illness of its master. The new state ad-

mitted since last year’s meeting is Wy-

oming, which organized its State Grange

On October 1 last.



All officers were present for the formal

opening; The session was held in Me-

chanics' hall, and in calling the delegates

to order National 'Master Wilson made

use of a gavel made of wood from the

Temple of Ceres in Greece, loaned for the

occasion by State Capital Grange, of Con-

cord,/ N. H., to which organization it was

presented by Hon. Geo. H. Moses, once

Minister to Greece.



The annual message of the National

Master was presented at the afternoon

session. Congratulating the organization

on its wisdom in coming to New Hamp-

shire. which he declared to be the best

organized Grange state in the Union and

the center of Grange activity, he sug-

gested that representatives from other

states study conditions there. He de-

clared that the Grange throughout the

country is in better condition than at any

former period in its history and that it

is in a fair way to achieve one of its

greatest objects, which is to’ make the

farmer of the future a self-reliant citizen.

Commenting on the growth of the organ-

ization during the year closing October 1

last, he produced the figures which have

already appeared in these columns, show-

ing a total of 431 new Granges distributed

throughout 29 states. Pennsylvania lead-

ing with 53. .Regarding extension Work,

he recalled the when of last year em-

powering the executive committee to al-

low not to exceed $2,000 to any state for

organization work, provided that such al-

lowance did not reduce the funds in the

treasury below $90,000. After a few

months of extension work the committee





found that under regulation No. 1, or the-





per diem plan, the expense would reduce

the funds below the stipulated amount,

and therefore issued an order discontinu-

ing the work under N0. 1 after April 15,

but encouraged all to be active under

regulation No. 2. From Oct. 1, 1912, to

April 15, 1913. there were organized un-

der regulation No. 1 95 Granges at a total

cast of $7,485.25, making an average cost

to the National Grange of $82.58 per

Grange. During the same period there

were 202 Granges organized under N0. 2

at a total cost to the National Grange of

$3,740, or an average of $18.51 per Grange.

While he regarded the organization of new

states of vital importance, he considered

of far greater importance the strengthen-

ing of states that are now Weak, thereby

enabling them to do more effective work

and to exert greater influence. He rec-

ommended careful consideration of the

extension work, to the end that a fair and

liberal policy which will not lmperll the

treasury. be adopted.



Briefly reviewing its financial affairs,

he showed that the total assets of the

National Grange Oct. 1, 1912, Were $99,-

390.35, and the total assets Oct. 1, 1913,

were $95,923.04. Expenditures during the

fiscal year totalled $46,545.34, of which

$14,500.00 was used directly for extension

work. .



0n co—operation Master Wilson expire“-

ed the opinion that patrons generally have

learned its value and are practicing it. to

a greater or less extent, in every phase

except in selling. But he believes there





 





' THE MICHIGAN FARM ER





is more benefit to .be derived today from

co-operatlon in disposing of‘farm products

than in buying supplies. Co-operation to

be successful, he declared, must be car-

ried on by those directly interested, and

while the conference on marketing farm

products, which met last April in Chi-

cago, was promoted by those not directly

engaged in agriculture or directly inter-

ested in it, he would not condemn this

meeting, for many good things were said

and it may have created a sentiment that

will stimulate aggressive action. While

the Grange desires to bring about a sys-

tem of financial co-operation for the ben-

efit of the produces, it does not believe in

placing a heavier burden on the consum-

er, therefore it shOuid be fairly under-





stood that the Grange is opposed to any





system looking toward limiting of pro-

duction or arbitrarily fixing prices. He

held that the distance betWeen producer

and consumer could be most effectively

shortened by imprbvlng public highways,

by eliminating the surplus of middlemen

and by proper regulation of transporta-

tion charges.



Direct election of U. S. senators and. the

parcel post law were cited as examples

of Grange achievement and charged the

Grange to be active opposing any meas-

ure designed to curtail the authority ex-

ercised by the postmaster general under

the present parcel post law. He also

warned the delegates that the oleomar-

garine interests are active and urged that

the organization re—affirm its position on

this important matter. which has always

been in the interest of consumers as well

as producers.



Conservation of natural resources was

held to be of paramount importance to

this generation as well as to posterity,

since millions of dollars are being need-

lessly lost annually through erosion and

other soil losses, since forest fires destroy

$50.000,000 worth of property every year.

and since losses in minerals and of water

power are as great as in soil and forest.

The preservation treatment of lumber

was favored as a remedial measure of

some importance, and suggestion was

made that every practical means of con-

serving the soil, and the fact that no one

has a right to be a soil robber, be taught

in the home, the school, the church and

the Grange.



The Grange having aided in securing

recognition of the principle of federal aid

in road building, the Master held that the

next step must be actual co-operation of

federal and state governments in the

construction and maintenance of the more

important highways of the country, leav-

ing the remainder to the states for state

improvement and to the counties and

townships for joint improvement. The

first consideration is improvement of cen-

tral market roads rather than ocean to

ocean roads. On the interstate highways

the national government should stand all

or the greater portion of the expense. On

inter-county roads in the states there

should be federal and state co-operation.

He stated that the cost of transporting

farm produce to market is now more than

20 cents per mile, which is from nine to

12 cents higher than it should be, entail-

ing an annual loss upon our farmers of

more than $450,000,000; 20 per cent of our

roads are said to bear 80 per cent of our

heaviest traffic, and this 20 per cent lies

between the farms and the railroad sta-

tions. Some of the things recommended

for consideration in connection with road

improvement are: 1. Use of the state

automobile tax, together with such other

funds as the Legislature may appropriate.

2. Employment of prisoners of state and

county institutions in the preparation of

road material, also the use of state pris-

oners (under state direction) whercver

practicable. 3. Payment of all road taxes

in cash. 4. Compulsory dragging of dirt

roads at the proper time. 5. Safety of

road uSers, such as rules of the road and

the proper construction and guarding of

crossings at railroads and intersections of

streets and highways.



The last of the big public questions dis-

cussed was that of agricultural credit.

He said that any rural credit system

should make it easy and safe for a farm-

er to borrow money on reasonable terms

to buy or improve his land'or equipment

to operate same. but that a rural credit

system suited to the needs in many parts

of Europe may not be applicable to our

country. Any credit system to be safe

must be under direct control of. or operat-

ed by, the government. He opposed any

rural credit system. or other system of

finance, that separates farmers from oth-

er business men. All that is asked for the

farmer is e'iual opporiunitv with any and

all other business men. There is no bet-

ter security than farm mortgages, con-

sequently there is no good reason why the

farmer should pay an exorbitant rate of

interest‘to the money lender who bor—

rows direct from the government at 2 to

2% per cent.





COMING EVENTS.





Michigan State Grange. Forty-first An-

nual meeting, in Masonic Temple, Flint.

Dec. 9-12.



Pomona Meetings.





Clinton 00., at Olive Grange hall. Wed-

nesday, Dec Special meeting—election

of officers in forenoon, installation in at—

ternoon.



Eaton 00., with Eaton Rapids Grange.

at Eaton Rapids, Friday, Dec. 5. Address

by Gov. Ferris. .



Washtcnaw Co.. at Ann Arbor, Friday

and Saturday. Dec. 5-6. Nlnfli on

Products' and ‘Boys' Corn Contest.





 





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.Farmcrs’ Clubs"





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OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS' CLUBS.





President—Jae. N. McBride. Burton.



Vice-President—C. B. Scully, Almont.



Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. C, P. John-

s0n, Metamora.



Corresponding Secretary—~Mrs. Wm. T.

McConnell, Owosso. -



Directors—C. P. Johnson, Metamora;

H. W. Chamberlain, White Lake; Wm.

T. Hill, Carson City; Jerry Spaulding,

Belding; R. J. Robb, Mason; J. F. Rie-

man, ‘Flint.





 





Address all communications relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





CLUBS IN MINNESOTA.

(Continued from last week).



Many of the Clubs of the state invite

business and professional men to their

meetings and ask them to talk. In every

instance of which we have any knowledge

the people invited have been more than

pleased and have given good talks. At

one Club meeting in western Minnesota. a.

dentist was asked to give a. talk on the

care of the teeth. He impressed on these

people the importance of the teeth and

how everyone should have his teeth exam-

ined at least once a year. Then he offer-

ed to examine the teeth of any Club mem-

ber free of charge and if any needed at-

tention they should feel at perfect liberty

to go wherever they liked to have the

work done. Personal hygiene was dis-

cussed by a physician at another meeting

and a trained nurse discussed first aid to

the injured. Lawyers might be invited to

discuss economics, business forms, and

farm law. Nearly all ministers are glad

to attend Club meetings and talk. Farm-

ers from other neighborhoods who have

made a successwith some particular line

of farming can be invited to speak. Peo-

ple- with musical talent. from outside the

Club, add to the attraction. All these

people will add to the knowledge of those

present and make them better fathers and

mothers, better citizens, and better neigh-

bors.



The knowledge gained by Club members

through their association with their neigh-

bors is something which cannot be over—

looked. Before and after the- program

the farmers will get together in groups

and talk over their farm problems and

many ideas will be brought out which can

be taken home and applied. As these

groups look over the stock, or wander

over the fields of the host, the faimers

.will often observe changes which can be

made in their work which will add to

their efficiency and possibly lessen their

work. This same thing holds true. with

the women. They will examine t e con-

veniences and laborésaving device! which

the hostess has installed in her home to

make her work lighter Or to increase the

comfort of her family, and listen to the

other women talk about their conven-

iences and methods of doing housework.

Many of the ideas gained here- can be put

into practice at the home and tend to

make better wives and mothers,



(Continued next week).





FARM ERS’





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





 





A New Ciub.—The Bedford Farmers’

Club, of Calhoun county, was organized

February 27, 1913, with 30 members.

XVe are climbing to the 100 mark very

rapidly as we average six new members

at every meeting. We meet the first Tues-

day of each month at 11.00 a. m., with

various members in their homes, and

have a picnic dinner at noon. Our Club

was organized on account of the pressing

need of the farmers who want to succeed

and get the most out of every intelligent

effort; to assist them intellectually, finan-

cially and socially; to assist them in co-

operative buying and selling in large

quantities, and help them to a place where

they can put their own price upon the

fruit of their labors. We have an ex—

change agent with whom the members

list whatever they have to sell, so Club

members can buy from one another with-

out the middleman’s profit. Could not the

various Clubs in the State Association

co-operate in a similar manner? We have

bought lime in carlcts and contemplate

buying mill products. fuel, etc., in the

same manner. Our Club has been very

succeSSful in securing very good speakers,

both local and outside, on horticulture.

hog cholera, chicken . stock

raising and other kindred subjects. Our

November meeting was a very profitable

one. Mr. J. F. Stough gave a very in-

structive talk on “Grape Culture.” and





Mr. Chas. Johnson gave a. very practical





talk on "The VVlnfaer Care of Poultry.”

The subject of soil annoy was taken up

and a committee was appointed to take

it up with tho Igroper authorities at Wuh-

ingtou. Our ecember meeting will he

held the Second Tuesday at- the home of





19—503





Mr. and Mrs. G; Bradley,» on the South

River Road, instead of the first 'Tuesday,

so the delegates to the state convention

can give their report—W. R. 1., Cor. Sec.



Talked of Schools.—-At the regular

meeting, November 15. at the home of

Mr.‘ and Mrs. Hoag, Peach Grove Farm-

ers' Club held a very enjoyable session.

The subject for discussion was ”The

Course of Study in Our Schools.” Mr.

Dunlop gave a good paper, pointing out

the fact that there seemed to be some-

thing wrong. as some, when they have

finished the eight years‘ work, can not

write so they could read it the next day.

Also, there seemed to be a lack of prac-

tical education. Mr. Whitney, an attor-

ney of Grand Rapids, suggested that the

practice of fixing the mind on a single

subject, exclusive of all else, for ten

minutes would be a good practice for the

pupil, thus enabling him to fix that par—

ticular thought in his mind more perma—

nently. He says that one of the great

drawbacks to getting an education is the

lar-k of power of concentrating the mind

on the subject. Mr. J. H. Skinner, coun-

ty agricultural agent, offered a few sug-

gestions that were to the point. He

wants to try them in this county. First,

he said he hoped the teachers would

have a wall chart made with small pock-

ets, each labeled as, dairy, soils, fertiliz—

ers, etc., and he will send bulletins and

booklets on the different subjects to the

school, to be used in the school and dis-

trict. Second, have each district buy a

weather gauge and thermometer, and he

would try to furnish a calendar for the

year. arranged so that each-day a record

could be made by the pupils, of weather

conditions, as to rainfall, winds. cloudi-

ness and sunrise and sunset. storms and

temperature. He will also try to get in

each school a nature study calendar ar-

ranged so the children can make a record

of when the first flowers are found and

the kind, when the first robin, bluebird

or meadowlark or any migratory bird is

seen. when first geese go south in fall or

north in spring. Cultivate the habit of

observation. Third, he wants the school

to have a mail box at the school house so

the mail can be left there. The meeting

also chase two delegates to the state

meeting December 2-3.—M. G. Finch.

Cor. Sec.



Hold Annual Meeting.——The Cambridge

Farmers' Club met at the beautiful new

home of Mr. and Mrs. Ira Nann, Nov. 1.

for an all—day meeting. An excellent pa-

per. “Does a college education unfit agirl

for farm life?" was read by Mrs. J. B.

Daniels. She was very much in favor of

the college work and the broader outlook

it gave the girl. The annual election of

n‘chers was taken up. Mrs J. ll. Daniels

was elected president. The program was

pleasantly intersperSed with music and

recitations. Adjourned to meet with John

Hand. Dec. 6.—-Mrs. Alice Sherrard, Cor.

Sec.



Two Good Meetings.-—The October and

November meetings of the Howell Farm-

crs' Club were held at the homes of Wm.

Joy, a farmer, and A. Copeland and wife,

in the village. Both meetings had very

interesting programs. Mrs. Frank Durfee

gave a talk on “The Early Housing and

Caring of Pullets,” and gave many good

points in that line. She thought the hen

as profitable as anything on the farm

and if given the same chance as some of

the Holstein men give their calves in re-

gard to breeding, feed, etc., she will re-

turn equally as much profit, everything

considered. This paper called forth much

discussiou among the ladies. Mrs. R. R.

Smith read an article on “Pioneer Suf-

frage," and the question box brought out

many current events, such as the Mexi-

can situation, the reduction of tariff on

many farm products, etc. At the No-

vember meeting a good attendance was

present and after the usual opening ex-

ercises, Mrs. C, F. Peavy read an article

on “Concentration of Mind.” by Lillian

Russell. The discussion of this paper re-

vealed the fact that while all thought the

writer had the right view of the matter,

it was not looked after as closely as it

should be in our schools. Mrs. George

Barnes gave a paper on “\Vho is who in

the home.” She thought the moral stan-

dard was not kept up in our homes. Men

are not born dishonest but environment

has made them so. Heredity means much

to children but home training more. Mr.

H. Williams, the mayor and dealer in

poultry and eggs, gave a common sense

talk on “Loss due to fallen methods.” He

cited the legal requirements conccrning

the selling of eggs and poultry, and said

higher prices might be paid, if it were not

for the loss which the dealer must suffer

by those who persist in selling eggs of





poor quality. Uniform, clean. fresh eggs

always command the highest market

price. He said he was now buying on a





basis of quality. Supply and demand reg-

ulated the price. inSiead of competition.

Rev. Littlejohn gave a fine talk on “Farm

Life," and said his early life on the farm

was much to him. Two delegates to the

State Association were elected. Spencer

Tooley and A. M. Wells—Mrs. J. Brown,

Secretary.





 





CLUB FAIRS.





 





The Thornapple Farmers’ Club held its

first fair, Thursday. November 6, at the

home of Mr. and MrS. Stephen Carter.

The commodlous house was well filled.

and much interest was shown in the dis-

play of farm products, ancient tools. and

wearing apparel, curios. etc. Some beau-

tiful old china was shown. Though a.

much smaller amount of produce was ex—

hiibted than at our-county hair, the qual-

ity was. equally as good. and it is hoped

that from this small beginning. a good

fair will become a yearly event in this

Club‘s program. The contest for new

members closed at this meeting with a

good program. The Club now has 123

names on its NIL—Mrs. Motto Morgan,

Secretary.
'THE 'MICHIGAN 'FARMER





 





 





OU can clear an acre or more

of stumps a day. No stumps

. can resist the Hercules.



Doubles land value-enables

on to make $1200.00 on 40 acres

the first year after stumps are

“ ‘ out—and $750.00 in crops

‘ very year after. Get the

proof. Why not



‘ Write Us Now





m Book tells all the

-,_ facts—shows many



photos and letters

from owners—tells all





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





» . cules features. We

also quote you a Special money-saving price

proposition that will interest you. Address

HERCULES MFG. CO. 137 23nd St“ Contervllla, Iowa





   





 





And any boy can 0 crate it and earn the price of

this saw in two aye easily by contracting to

saw lumber, firewood, lath, fences, posts. etc.,





for neighbors. ,





Herizler & Zook

Portable Wood





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Veterinary.





   

   





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CONDI'CTED BY XV. C. FAIR, V. S.





 





Advice through this department is free

to our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a, reply that

has been made to someone. else. When

reply by mail is requested, it bec0mes

private practice, and a fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





Colt Has Lice.——I have a colt 21/2 years

old that has been troubled With lice for a.

long time and I have applied a whole lot

of insect powder, but it fails to kill them.

A. 'l‘., l’ort lluron, Mich—Put 5 ozs. of

crushed stave-sacre seed in gallon of boil-

ing water and let it simmer for two or

three hours, then strain and fill to original

gallon; then wet colt thoroughly. One

application will come pretty near killing

all the 1ice~that are on him, but follow up

this treatment until they are all killed.

Twice a week is often enough. \Vet stall

walls, brushes and curry combs with a.

solution of carbolic acid and water, 1 oz.

to a quart.



Spruined Fetlock Joint.—My three-year-

old colt sprained fetlock joint in paSture

lot and I would like to know how I had

better treat him. My neighbors tell me

she might perhaps be lame in hip, but if

so, there is no soreness. J. S. I‘.. Attica,

Mich—Give him rest, clip hair off fetlock

and apply one part ('anthnridcs and eight”

parts lard to joint every week or ten days.



Sweenied Shouldcr.—~I have a swcenied

horse, brought on by plowing and he has

been lame for some time. \V. F. S., Pal-

myra, Mich—Clip hair off and apply one

part powdered canthurides and eight parts





 





our. Our 310.000 bond protects you.



Earn gtrictly factory prices—you save job-

bers profits. Stick sits low—saw



draws it on immediately machine

starts—ensuring ease of opera,-



uont Only $10 saw to which





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Iof July,





fresh lard to sweenied parts every ten

He should be well fed on oats, and

other muscle making food.

Inilucnza—Distcmpcr—Out of Condition.

l——llave a four-year-old mare that had

pink eye or perhaps distemper the middle

Have been working her since she





refunded irccovcred, but her wind is affected. L0-





' both ways I

if unsatisfactory. Write for





catalogue. :





HERTZLER & 200K CO. :3

Box 23 . Believille, Pa. 1





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51m

300“





When you buy roofing from us you

' know beforehand just exactly what you are

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brund now. or it. doesn't cost. you a cent. ;

This kind of rooting is always cheapest in

the end. We sell it to you for the some or loan

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roofing. We sell you direct at exactly the;

same price your dealer would have to pay us

and besides -





We Pay the Freight





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tion. Send today for catalog and samples Free.



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27 Ann St, Niles, Ohio





6*” '





     

   





 

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





l .Heesen Feed Cooker





‘, A money-saver—iat-



l 'l. . . tens pigs, kee 5 stock



1 sleek and well.) Pays



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food value—prevents

hog cholera, too.



Strong. Iimple, quick-





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write today.

Heesen Bros. & Co.





Box 101 Tecumseh, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   

 

 





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makes half round chips—separates dirt

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for illustrated catalog. Address



0. E. THOMPSON & SONS



Y'all-nu, Mich.





 





cal Vet. informs me that one lung is con-

solidated; besides, there is a swelling on





under part of belly near udder. This

mare when worked pants considerable.

Different Vet-s. have. different opinions





about her condition. 1"]. U. Ml-G., Lapeer,

Mich—Your mare, should have good care,

fed mostly on grain, and when fed bulky

food, the supply should be limited. Give





her a dessertspoonful 0f Donovan‘s s0lu---





tion, 1 dr. ground nux vomica and 1 (1r.

fluid extract lobelia at a dose in soft feed.

three times a day.



Hide—bound.—l have a slx-year-old mare

that is thin. skin tight to ribs, when her

bowels move a slimy mucus comes away

with cx<,~rcmcnt. What can I give her to

make her Well? M. A. S. Lansing, Mich.

~Give- her a teaspoonful of powdercd'suL

phur, a tablespoonful of ground gentian‘

and a tablespoonful of salt at a dose in

feed two or three times a'day. - '



Bony Tumor—There is a hard bony

bunch growing on the jaw bone of my

eight—year—old more which I would like

to have removed.

in as good flesh as usual. C. K.,' Dowagi-

ac, Mich—Apply one part red iodide mer-

cury and six parts lard every few days.



Enlarged G1a11ds.——\l'e have a mare sev-

en years old which had a bad attack of

distemper last spring, leaving her glands

swollen and when driven fast or is ex-

cited she breathes too heavy. A. 3, Kent

City, Mich—Give her 1 dr. potassium i0.-

dide (it a dose night and morning and ap-

ply one part iodine and ten parts lard t0

swollen glands two or three times a week.

A surgical operation on throat may be

necessary before she is made well.



Indigestion—l would like a recipe for

some good . medicine to prevent horses

from getting indigestion during the winter

months, H. \V, B.. \Vcst Branch, Mich.—

Mix together equal parts bicarbonate soda,

ground charcoal, cinchona and ginger and

give a table-spoonful or two at a dose in

feed two or three times a day. Remem-

ber, the food supply has a whole lot to do

in preventing colic.



Lumpjaw.—I wish you would tell me

how to cure lumpjaw in cattle. G. R. G.,

“'alley, Mich—Clip off hair. apply one

part red iodide mercury and four parts

lard to bunch every five or six days. Give

2 drs. potassium iodide two or three times

a day. Remember in some cases it is





”necessary to do some surgical work.





Paralysis—Cholera—I have been feed-

ing my hogs all the good hard corn they

would eat and some of them are now un-

able to get up on hind quarters. Some of

them seem to have lost their appetite. I

might add that my hogs are nearly all

ready to kill—what do yOu advise me to

do? M. D.. Mancelona, Mich—If I were

you, I should slaughter all‘the hogs you

own that are fit to market and take a.

chance on them not being rejected. As

you perhaps know, few hogs die of

cholera bloat, therefore you have one

symptom to guide you; besides, if You

open abdomen you would find some les-

ions indicating disease. It would be more

profitable to market them than to treat

them if you have cholera infection among

them. Feed them equal parts of gentian,

ginger, bicarbonate soda and salt; a des-

sertspoonful is dose enough for a medium

sized hOg. . ~



Asthma—Kindly tell me what is wrong

with"my Shoat—he breathes labored when





‘3 Pukm CUBES m, a.“ ogjrgonggisgmnded overexerted. Have examined nose, found





1 P k ovum ordinu oases.“ linen-a] Heave

ionfidfiu 403 N. F0 Ave., PittsburghPa





 





no obstruction; this ailment showed itself





 





 





 





four weeks ago. S.”S.;‘-Lakeview,~Mich.——





She cats, drinks and is '





Give ten drops tincture lobelia, 10 grs. of

muriate ammonia and 5 grs. grdund nux

vomica at a dose in feed three times a

day. ‘



Choking—I am anxious to know what.

is wrong with my hogs; they appear to

grow, put On flesh, but appear to be taken

suddenly, sick while eating. and some-

tlmes die. I am at a loss to know what

isvwrong with them. Their bowels act

all right and I would like to know what

causes their death. I have been feeding

them skim-milk and corn and now and

then a little stOck food. G. T., Ithaca,

Mich—I am pretty sure that death re-

sults from choking. You will perhaps ob-

viate this trouble by fixing their food in

such a manner as to prevent them eating

it so rapidly and taking too much into

mouth at one time. Cold food is more apt

to choke an animal than hot feed.



Rheumatlsni.——I have a litter of pigs 11

weeks old that are showing some lame-

ness in hind quarters and they are get-

ting worse all the time. P. C. P, SidneY,

Mich—You are making a mistake in feed-

ing these pigs new corn and milk, for it

is not a balanced ration. Feed less corn,

more oats, oil mcal, roots, etc. and your

pigs will s00n show some improvement.

Give each pig 3 grs. or perhaps 5 grs. of

sodium salicylate at a dose three or four

times a day.



Sow Recovered from Cholera.——\\'e have

a sow that had cholera, but did not die.

She seems to have made a fairly good re-

covery, and I would like to know if she

is fatted, how long it will be before her

meat would be fit for food. “’9 have an-

other that su-rvived, but fails to get her

strength. Her appetite is good and hide

seems to be peeling off, and I would like

to know what to do for her. II. D. B.,

Centreville, Mich.—-'l‘here would be no

danger from eating the flesh of your sow

now, because if there are any lesions they

would perhaps be in vital organs and ex-

tremely slight; fruthcrmore, her whole

trouble may have been confined to bow-

els, Apply one part oxide of zinc and five

parts vaf'eline to sore skin of other SOW

and give her a tcaspooni‘ul of ground gen-

tian, a. teaspooni‘ul of bicarbonate soda

and 4 grs. of quinine at a dose three

times a day.



Itheumatism.—Ilavc several pigs that

will weigh from 40 to 60 lbs. that are

somewhat stiff and lame and they do not

grow as rapidly as they should. S. T.,

Portland, Mich—Give your pigs 5 or 10

grs. of sodium sallcylate at a dose in feed

or water three times a day and you had

better keep them as dry and warm' as

possible and if their bowels are not ac-

tive, give them either castor oil or epsom

Salts. Their mother having been rheu-

matic may cause them to be more slow

in recovering. Feed them some oats with

their skim-milk and buttermilk and it is

a good plan to change their food.

‘Do’ggHas Tapeworm.»—'I have" a.‘ female

dog which has tapeworm; she has passed

several links of it, but head has not come

away, and as she is due 10 whelp soon I

would like to have her treated. L. V.

Marion, Mich—For every pound that she

weighs give her 1 gr. powdered knmala,

after fasting her 24 hours. Two hours af-

ter giving her this powder give castor oil,

ifryoubellcve it necessary to open her

bowels. She should be given a dose of

this medicine daily for two or three days,

unleSs one dose' is sufficient. In my prac—

tice I frequently give 11/2 grs,‘ to each

pound of weight; but as .she is pregnant

two-thirds of. this amount will be. plenty.



Chronic Laminitis.—Bay gelding 18 yrs.



old is sore in both fore quarters and

when walking his feet are not lifted more

than two inches off ground. I find trou-

ble in backing him. S. R. T., Big Rap-

ids, Mich—I believe this a case of chron-

ic laminitis (founder) and if you will ap-

ply rolling motion shoes and blister fore

coronets with ceratel of cantharides every

week or ten days he will perhaps travel

more comfortable.

. Infected Udder.—My four—year-old cow

came fresh six weeks ago, caught cold in

bag, one quarter cakcd; applied witch

hazel and water, swelling went down,

soon returned: a few days later another

quarter swelled. I called Vet. who treat-

ed hcr and his medicine did her some

good, but stringy pieces of stuff come

with milk from one quarter and I would

like to know what to do for her. The bag

feels cordy. G. 11.. Olivet, Mich—Give

her 2 drs. potassium iodide at a dose in

feed two or three times a day and apply

one part iodine and ten parts lard to

cordy part of bag daily for a few days,

then as often as your Own good judgment

tells you it should be put on. This ab-

sorbent treatment usually gives me good

results in such cases. .



Rheumatism.——I took a bunch of pigs

from pasture two weeks ago, put them

in pen. fed them corn: two of them were

taken lame in hind legs, in a week I let

them out, one died. the other seems to

be getting well; what ailed them? G. W.,

Barryton. Mich—You fed the pigs an un-

balanccd ration: too much corn, not

enough other kind of food. Feed less

corn, more oats, oil meal, tankage, roots,

and allow them to exercise.





Farmers living in the northern portions

of Michigan are finding that sheep breed-

ing is as profitable an occupations as they

can engage in. and that region is develop-

ing rapidly in that industry. Many young

ewes well adapted for breeding purposes

have been brought into the state from the

range country at a cost of from $5635.50

per 100 lbs, Montana contributing the

principal share, and growing ' lambs is

proceeding steadily, most of‘them being

shipped to Southern Michigan for‘matur-

ing. It is said that all the northern Mich-

1ga‘n farmer's 'who have bought breeding

ewes in - the .last- two y, years have made

good profits, but the experience ‘of farmers

in ‘ this" line ‘in uncrther'n’ Wisconsin shad





been less! fortunate.“





 





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FENCE POSTS





GEORGE ll. “CHANDLER. Ounway. Inch.