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SHED 1843.





 

 

   

 





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





VOL. CXLll. No. 3.

Whole Number 3766.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, JAN. 17,~ 1914.





50 CENTS A YEAR

52 FOR 5 YEARS.





Forage _ Crops as a Factor in" Pork Production.





HE profit derived from the produc-



tion of any commodity for sale is



represented by the margin of dif-

ference between the cost and the selling

price of that commodity. Unfortunately,

producers of agricultural commodities

‘have little if anything to say with regard

to the selling price of the commodities

which they produce. That price is largely

regulated by the law of supply and de-

mand and in commodities like pork is in-

fluenced to some degree at leaSt by the

operations of the large handlers and large

distributors of the product. This influ-

ence. however, is largely if not entirely a

temporary factor in the fixing of the price

on the farmer’s finished product, which is

the pzickers’ raw matcrial. Hence, a.

study of market cenditions backed up by

as accurate a knowledge as is obtainable

with regard to "the supply, will be profit-

abie for every farmer who makes pork





production a factor in his business, as'





every farmer certainly should to some

extent.



But it is in the matter of the cost of

the product that the greatest profit will

reSult from .a close study of different

methods of production in relation to the

c0st of the tint-Shed product. One weak-

ness of the average farmer as a business

man is that he has little idea of the cost

of the products which he grows upon his

farm for sale upon the open market. Very

few farme"-. keep any kind of a cest sys-

tem and, in the case of many products,

costs are difficult to fix owing to the fact

that so many factors enter into the pro-

duction of any commodity, some of which

areVan uncertain quantity as to cost. In

the matter of pork production, however,

the problem is more’simple than is the

case with many other products produced

upon our farms; at least it is so consid-

ered by the average farmer, since hogs

are mostly grown upon concentrated

feeds, the value of which is stable and

easily estimated. Notwithstanding this

fact, however. comparatively few farmers

know what it costs them to produce a

hundred pounds of pork on foot. On the

ordinary farm this is rather of a by-pro-

duct produced on a small scale and in

about such a quantity regardless of, and

without any great effort to determine,

the profit derived from this branch of the

business. A few farmers are certain that

pork production is profitable on their

farms, and it is made a considerable fac—





 





Plenty of Succulent Forage from Blrth to Maturlty will Materlally Reduce Coat of Flnlshed Hogs and





tor in the scheme of farming followed.

These are generally men who have stud-

ied methods of production in relation to

the cost of the product. On the other

hand, there are not a few farmers who

have noted the amount of grain consumed





by the fattening hogs and have concluded





9





that “hogs don’t pay.’ so have reduced

the business of pork production to the

minimum and in some cases have gone out

of the hog bu iness entirely. It is quite

probable that both of these last mentioned

claSSes of farmers are right in their con-

clusions, and that the difference in their





runs from 375 pounds for pigs under 75

pounds in weight, to 625 pounds for hogs

up to 275 pounds in Weight. It has been

estimated that under the most favorable

conditions, pork may be produced to

marketable weights at a cost of a little

over four pounds of grain to One pound

of gain, but under average conditions,

nearly or quite five pounds of grain will

be consumed for ,one pound of gain, par—

ticularly where hogs are fed as under

average farm conditions. W'here unfav—

orable conditions are present. as they are

upon many farms, the cost is undoubted-





 





 





Brood Sow Summered in Rape Pasture Supplemented only by Kitchen Slops.





conclusions is but the natural result of





the difference in the methods practiced in:





the production of pork on their farms

Fortunately, it is not necessary for each

indvidual farmer to determine by experi-

ment the cost,ot‘ producing pork by dif-

ferent methods. This problem has been

quite accurately worked out by the ex-

periment stations and the results are

most interesting and instructive. The

cost of gains with hogs as with other

farm animals increases with the age and

weight of the animals. The average

amo.1nt of grain required for 100 pounds

of gain, as determined from the data- re-

sulting from many experimental trials,





ly still higher, in which case there is lit-

tle chance of substantial profit in produc—

tion under average market c0nditions.

Where both forage and grain are used

in producing pork. however, the results

are very different. In some extensive

trials at the Nebraska experiment station

in which nearly 800 pigs Were used, the

much lower percentage of grain required

for 100 pounds of gain where pigs were

fed on alfalfa, etc., illustrates the point

above emphasized. In one experiment in

which six different lots of pigs were

used. the number of pounds of grain re-

quired to produce 100 p0unds of gain was

in one case only 121 pounds, and the av-





erage cost of 100 pounds of gain with 792

pigs fed various amounts of corn and

other grains on alfalfa pasture during a

periOd of five years was $3.3 per 100

pounds of pork, including the cost of pus-

ture as well as giziin, whie in some cases

the cost was as low as $2.10 per hundred

pounds, in which cases the prolit exceed-

ed the cost of the pork. \Vith present

values of corn. the cost of gains would

be somewhat higher. but the value of the

finished product is also proportionately

highcr, :‘0 that these figures may be tak—

cn to indicate something of the possibili-

ties in the making of a profit from this

branch or farm production.



\Vhilc alfalfa is undoubtedly the very

best grccn forage for hogs, there is a

Wide range of crops which may be profit-

ably uscd as green forage for swine.

Among these, Dwarf lilsscx rape ranks

next to alfalfa and clover, while cowpeas,

soy beans. vetchcs, etc., may be profitably

employcd in connection with grain for

pork production. lint there is undoubt-

edly a great opportunity for the mzlking

of a profit in this 1)ranch of live stock

production through the use of alfalfa,

pasture and corn, which makes a well-

balanced ration for the "fii‘b‘d‘fiction of

pork at a minimum cost. The writer this

year had an opportunity to tcst the value

of forage crops in the maintenance of

brood sows during thc summer Season.

Two brood sows were kept in a rape Das-

ture of about one—half acre in nreu from

the time their spring litters were woaned

until late in August, with no grain or Oth-

er snpplcmcntary feed except kitchen

slops. .\t the lust mentioned date, they

were turned into a new seeding of alfalfa

on the back pnrt of the. farm whcre sup-

picmcntary feeding was not convenient

but where they had access to fresh water

at all times. Here they ran without any

other feed until their {all litters had been

farrowcd and were three or four weeks

old, when they were brought up to a

clever pasture near the barns, and sup-

plementary feeding was begun.



In the first of the cuts accompanying

this article, one of those brood sows is

shown in the rape, pasture, and on page

76 a cut of the two sows with their 16

pigs appears. illustrating the fact that

they had been maintained in good condi-

tion on alfalfa pasture alone. These pigs

had access to the ali‘n‘l‘n until it was cov-



(Continucd on page 76).





 





Increase the Profits from Pork Productlon on the Farm.





~ «2'»:
THE‘ MICHIGAN ,FARMHER





JAN. 17, 1914.





 





 





 





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Instead of 40 bushels of

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Y experience with alfalfa dates

M back to the summer of 1904,



when I seeded three acres of

sandy loam with clay subsoil. I sowed

about 20 pounds of seed to the acre, us—

ing no inoculation; the result was only

a fair stand of sickly plants. This I

clipped the first year, getting not enough

alfalfa to learn whether or not there was

any value in it as a feed, but this I

did learn, that all stock would eat it

readily and seemed to relish it. The next

year it apparently blighted and I after-

wards learned it was due to the lack of

inoculation, so my first experience was

not very satisfactory. Since then, the

same piece of ground has grown the reg—

ular routine of crops. In 1912 it was re-

seeded, together with inoculation, and to-

day the nicest -stand of alfalfa that I

have is on this piece. In the spring of

1911 I prepared another five-acre piece,

which, by the way, is, I think, as poor 3.

five acres as I could have Selected on my

farm. This pieca had been into beans the

previous year. There was not a weed of

any description in the field so the only

preparation it had was a thorough spring-

toothing. I then sowed broadcast about

one and one-half yards of soil taken from

the roadside where sweet clover had

grown. This was sown from the wagon,

allowing the team to walk siowly using

much care to get it distributed as evenly

as possible. This ground was then. again

gone over with the spring-tooth, thor-

oughly mixing the inoculation with the

soil.



Right here let me suggest, that the

more of the inoculated soil used, the bet-

ter will be the growth of alfalfa. The soil

containing this inoculation being damp

would sometimes not distribute evenly

and after the plants were well started,

one could easily discern the much more

thrifty plants where the inoculation was

thickest. I prefer a cloudy day for FOW-

’::g the inoculated soil as the sun is apt

to destroy the germs. After preparing

the ground in this manner, I seeded to

oats, at the rate of one and one-half





bushels to the acre, afterwards sowing





the alfalfa seed with a broadcast seeder

at the rate of 15 pounds to the acre. I

did not roll the ground after sowing the

alfalfa but would advise doing so as,

with any other seeding; it leaves the

ground in better shape for the mower.

I harvested only a fair crop of oats, say

only about 30 bushels to the acre, but

that did not matter. It was the alfalfa

I wanted and the alfalfa I got this time.

After the oats were harvested, I clipped

the alfalfa. allowing it to remain on the

ground—there not being enough to bother

with. The next season I out about 10

tons from this five acres—the second cut-

ting amounted to very little on account

of the drought.



In the spring of 1912, I seeded 50 acres

in the same manner, using only 10 pounds

of alfalfa to the acre. With this I mixed

both June and alsike, which gave me the

nicest quality of hay I ever cut. This

hay I am now feeding my horses, fat-

tening lambs and brood sows. Again last

spring I seeded another 50 acres, together

with oats, inoculating in the same man-

ner but leaving out the June and al.~‘ike——

seeding heavier than the second year (I

think 15 pounds to the acre about right).

This seeding went into the winter looking

fine, although not making as thrifty a.

growth as that of the preceding year ow-

ing to the dry weather. A 22-acre piece

of June and alsike was entirely destroyed

by the drought and a lT—zicre field of the

same kind of seeding, I am trying to save

by top-dressing. So, considering the con-

dition of these pieces, I am pleased to

have so good a stand of alfalfa if it is:

small. This proves to me- that alfalfa

will stand the drought much better than

other clover—owing, I think, to its quick

growth and length of root.



One mistake I made with a 15-acre

stubble field last spring was, instead of





 





   

 





. A Postal Brings

SgifiibfingRll





Northern Grown Seeds

nmmmmnmm

Got. ISBELL‘SOFFERS in beamiful new color-

illustrated catalog before you buy seeds. Tell.

all about seeds. planting, etc.

120 Page: Packed With Bargains

“wears a mariner can:

. vary 1



table or wet on at marlin prizes.



MW“





 

   

 

 

 

   





 





plowing I used a spring-tooth, thus get-

ting a great many Weeds which I might

have avoided by plowing. Remember, I

am experimenting with this crop as many

others are, only perhaps on a larger

scale. I have 100 acres to mow this year

and will seed 50 acres with oats the com-

ing spring. I have tried the pure culture

but found that it swelled the seed and

caused them to stick together, thus mak-

ing it impossible to seed evenly and de-

termine the amount of seed I was sowing

to the acre.



Now, another thing that remains for

me to lerari is this: does it injure alfalfa.

to pasture it? .After mine got a good

start last summer after I had" cut. it the





Experience in Alfalfa Seeding.





second time, I turned 325 lambs into‘30

acres of it. This I did when it was about

18 inches high and in blossom, leaving

them in until they had eaten it to the

ground. I then took them out that it

might get a good sart before winter set

in. I am now anxiously waiting for spring

to See if any bad effects come from this

fall pasturing. I never had lambs gain

faster than while on this pasture with

no bad effects whatever. I kept close

watch of them for I had heard all kinds

of stories about bloat, etc., but nothing

of the kind presented itself,



As I before stated, I am now feeding

this hay to 16 brood sows and it does one

good to .see how they relish it. I feed in

racks and they line up like a lot of sheep

and it is surprising how little they waste.

They are doing nicely and without any

grain whatever. If any reader has had

any experience in feeding this to brood

sows and knows of any bad effects at

furrowing time, I will be glad to hear

from them, as it is an experiment

with me. ‘



These things I have learned; spare no

pains in preparing your seed bed for al-

falfa. Seed as early in the spring as

possible. If it is alfalfa you want,‘ and

you seed with oats, don’t try to get 50

bushels of outs to the acre and alfalfa,

too. Sow not over one and one-half

bushels of oats (one and one—fourth is

better) per acre, and be satisfied with no

oats, if you have to, if you only get the

alfalfa. Be sure and get your seed on

evenly—«no less than 15 pounds to the

acre. If you wish to sow other clover

with it, let this be additional. Get 15

pounds of alfalfa. seed on every acre.



I have told you the little experience I

have had during the three years with

seeding and feeding—now about fertiliz-

ing and curing the hay. I have never

used any fertilizer but barnyard manure.

Do not put this on until your alfalfa has

at least four months’ growth. Never put

it on before you seed or the weeds which

will surely come from the manure will

tend to retard the growth of the alfalfa.

Don't get the idea that alfalfa cannot be

handled with side-delivery rakes and

loaders as other clovers. They are the

proper tools to use. Cure it in the wind-

row; make small windrows, turning them

often, thus airing the hay evenly. You

will be surprised how few leaves a single.

cylinder loader will knock off. Even if

it does waste some, “Time is Money.”

One ton of alfalfa is worth, two of any

other hay.



I would like to hear from someone who

has had experience with discing alfalfa in

the spring; also with regard to “seeding

in,” where perhaps there is a clay knoll

where the seeding is thin.



Washtenaw Co. R. B. WALTROUB.





FARM HELP.





 





It is universally admitted that there is

a scarcity of farm help at the present

time, yet some men seem to get all the

help they need, and get it when they

need it. A great army of young men are

coming onto the labor market every year.

Many of them come from thrifty and

prosperous homeS. and they know very

well what ought to be required of a hired

man. They are quick to resent a. slight

or oversight, and the man who secures

their services and retains them, must be

very civil to them. They know very

well that when they leave one employer

there are a dozen others who are ready”

to receive them.



I heard a remark a few years ago which

drew my attention, and I am not sure but

what it is the key to the whole situation.

Several of us were talking about the help

problem. The man who made the remark

had started out as a hired man, but had

worked himself into the posseseion of a.

fine farm, and be employed several men.

He had the reputation of being rather

lenient, and some of his neighbors

thought that he allowed his men to sol-

dier too much, but somehow he always

came out on top and always had laborers

when he needed them. The conversation

turned to a neighbor who was forever

bothered for help. His crops often suf-

fered from a lack of laborers. As the

conversation progressed he remarked in

a low undertone, as though he hesitated to

criticise a. neighbor, little thinking that

his remark would ever get into print, but

it illustrates a. point too well to be omit—

ted here. He said of his neighbor, “He

is too afraid of giving away a meal of

victuals.” Now, here is an idea which

seems to me to be well worth consider-





ing. 'It is humiliating to a Spirited young





man after he has served well and faith-

fully. to be hurtled away. by his employer

when. his time is out, as though he was

afraid of giving him another meal of vic-

tuals. When the opportunity offers 'he

will resent it.



I sometimes relate my first experience

at hunting a job. I was stopping in a

Michigan village and, as my funds were

not plentiful, I resolved to look around

among the farmers to get employment.

I took an angling road which led out past

the cemetery and as I came out into the

open country I saw a very fine looking

farm house, standing off to the right,

well back from the highway, and I con-

cluded to try my fortune there. As I

approached the house, I met a middle-

aged man, probably a son, but I was di-

rooted to the old gentleman who was in

the sitting~room. I found him very un-

communicative and I soon made my bus-

iness known. He cast a side glance at

me and then turned his eyes in another

direction, saying that he did not care to





hire. He went on to say that I never'





had done any work and that I would be

worth nothing on a farm. He said he

could tell a working man by the looks of

him. I thought that was a queer way to

talk to a young man who was six feet

tall and weighed 160 pounds. I assured

him that I had worked all my life on my

father’s farm, and knew nothing about any

other kind of work. I told him that I

considered myself a full hand and that

my soft hands and faded complexion were

due to the fact that I had been attending

school for‘some time. I was rather in—

sistent. I asked him to hire me for a.

few dayS. I thought I could just surprise

him if he would only give me a chance.

But all of my requests were met by

short refusals and I took up my grip and

passed along. I have always remember-

ed this event as a rich experience—an

experience which comes only once in a.

lifetime.





Branch Co. 0. A. VANDERBIL’I‘.





THE USE OF MARL IN THE EIGHT-

EENTH CENTURY.





 





The quotations given below are from

an essay written about 1760 by :1. Jean-

incr'et, of Chatellon, France. The gentle-

man's observations. in the light of our

present knowledge, may cause a smile;

but we must remember always that the

experiments carried. on by those old-

country farmers, at about the time the

colonists were preparing to throw off the

English yoke, Were just the crude begin-

nings of our so-called modern scinetific

farming. They surely deserVe some cred-

it even for the mistakes they may have

made as pioneers in a great movement

which is as yet, after nearly two centur-

ies, only in its infancy.



“What is the intention,” he asks, “of

laying marl on land that is light and

wants substance? It is surely to give it

a certain consistence, render it capable

of retaining the nitz'e of the atmosphere,

and. of preserving a proper degree of

moisture, and to make it. from being

barren, become fruitful.



“In the first place, the sooner marl is

laid on the land, the better it dissolves

and attracts to itself the nitrous par-

ticles of the. air.



“—Farmers may reap great advantage

from it (mail) by simply laying it on the

land, because it will infallibly produce

good clover, or rather it will revive the

clover, which is generally a good growing

plant, This very year, clover came up as

thick as possible, in a spot where a. load

of marl was overturned and where there

was not before the least appearance of it,

but where, I presume, there wasleither

seed, or very minute plants.”



It is interesting to note that today farm-

ers use marl only as a corrective for sour

soils, the lime in the marl neutralizing

the acids produced by the decomposition

of vegetable matter, or humus. This is

a value entirely overlooked, or not un—

derstood, by M. Jeanneret. Marl cannot

attract nitrogen from the air; but be-

cause of‘its sweetening effect, the soil

becomes a. better medium for the growth

of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as are

often found forming galls, or nodules, on

the roots of clover and other legumes.

Marl is ,also just as effective as a correc-

tive, and much more easily applied, if

left in piles for several weeks to dry and

crumble to an ash-like powder.



Ingham Co. H. L. BARNUM.





Whether from a standpoint of 3. mar-

ket or home grower, it will pay to protect

the berries in some way. Mulching is

cheap and well worth the time taken to

get it on. The mulch should be raked of!





 





with a fork or rake as early’ in the ‘





spring as the first leavesare coming.





 





l

M,





 





 





ag-
i

$1.;

3‘3 ‘





JAN. 17, 1914.





Seed Beans





I HAVE' already discussed the bean





 





question somewhat, but again feel



constrained to visit with the Miehi~

gan farmers through the Michigan Farmer.

Three bean growers in a little group on

adjoining farms in Shiawassee county

bought northern grown seed last year

and harvested, respectively, 18, 20 and 21

bushels of beans per acre. Outside of

this group, and equally as good farmers

and under as nearly similar conditions as

non-experimental work allows, the aver-

age yield was less than 14 bushels per

acre. The difference in the price of seed

was infinitesimal as compared to the re-

turn. In fact, considering the small size

of the northern grown pea bean and the

greater number of seed beans to the

bushel, I doubt if the cost per acre is at

all increased. Sixteen quarts per acre in

28—inch rows is ample quantity of this

seed.



In Sanilac county, Mr. A. L. Chamber—

lain is authority for the statement that

in certain sections where northern grown

seed was used there was practically no

anthracnOSe. Mr. Chamberlain tells where

a progressive son of a Very conservative

father tried out the proposition of north-

ern grown seed as compared to the older

man's staying by the home-grown seed.

The SOn had a splendid field of pure

beans, while the father’s field was badly

affected with anthracnose.



As a financial factor in. Michigan agri-

culture, the anthracnose is as great a

menace as is hog cholera or tuberculosis

in cattle, and deserves the attention of

the United States government as well as

our state experiment station which is

now.working on the problem. I am under

the impression that a determined appeal





THE 'MICHiGAN' FARMER





up the matter, or rather take the initia-

tive in some movement which should in-

clude all bean growers and not be con-

fined to any one order.



Secretary Houston says that the day of

collective bargaining in the sale of farm

produce is at hand, and no crop offers the

opportunity for action like beans in Mich-

igan. Menaced on one hand by a com-

batible disease, it becomes a duty to work

for a clean crop, and with the offer of

the buying association the other opportu-

nity to make it a more paying crop.



Shiawassee Co. JAS. N. MCBRIDE.





MORE ABOUT MUCK.



I have been very much interested in the

discussion of the muck problem that has

been going on in your paper lately. I

have a farm that has muck on it to quite

an extent, balance of farm being a sand

and gravelly loam which has been ina-

nured heavily for the last few years. I

‘wish to know if any of the readers of

The Farmer has had any experience with

muck that was drained 20 years ago nd

then allowed to grow up to willows Eh

marsh grass again.





I have owned this farm for four years

and in that length of time have made

some experiments. “'e have now-a dredge

coming across the muck which will lower

the water level to between three and five

feet of the surface and the bottom of the

ditch will be a clay composition. As last

year was dry enough I plowed up about

four acres of this muck which had not

been plowed for 12 years and put it into

corn. I had as good a piece of corn as

anyone needed to look at, and it yielded

well. I noticed when I came to huSk it

that the corn on the up land weighed

from five to seven pounds per crate more

than that grown on the muck; also, that

the corn that grew on the land next to





 





 





 





 





This Is the Proper Season to Secure the Summer Supply of Firewood.





 





made at Washington would result in the

action of the United States government,

of detailing one or more men to work on

these lines. The pathologist at \Vasmng-

ton, Mr. Orton, has suggested western

state seed, as from Idaho, Wyoming or

Colorado. Do not let anyone in the an-

thracnose belt deceive himself by thinking

that he can safely continue to use his

home-grown seed, fOr the disease is wide-

spread and apparently devitalizes the crop

and makes it more susceptible to failure

from any cause. Nor is it safe to assume

your crop from northern grown seed this

year is necessarily good for seed the

coming year. The bean thresher is an

active agent in the spreading cf the dis~

ease and some small infections are noted

in the crop grown from northern seed this

year.



The good seed corn propaganda and al-

falfa campaigns need a repetition with

good bean seed as the subject. At the

State Grange, Fred IVelch, of Shiawassee

county, president of the State Bean Job-

bers’ Association, asked that body to take

under consideration the prop0sition of a

state bean growers’ association, with

county organizations, to accomplish two

things: namely, to study the question of

bean culture, including good seed, and to

work with the bean jobbers to fix a rea-

sonable and compensatory market price

for the crop after it has been grown. It

is generally agreed that 80 per cent of

the crop of 1913 is already out of the

growers’ hands. Careful and conserva-

tive marketing of 40 per cent instead of

80. per cent would haVe meant a price

near $2.00 per bushel. It is doubtful to-

day lf there is one million bushels of

beans out of the six million bushel crop

still in growers’ hands. A committee of

members of the Grange expect to take





I,





the muck, where it was a mixture of the

sand and muck. was the best yielding and

also Weighed more per crate than that on

either sand or muck. As I have noticed

this, every year I have had corn on muck

and sand in the same field, I believe with

l’. I). (2., in your issue of December 20,

that when it is available it would be prof—

itable to place a layer of muck on sandy

ground to the depth of two or three

inches, if a man has time to haul it

on. The winter is a good time to haul

it as work is more slack then than any

other time and the freezing no doubt will

do it good, but by a little experiment I

tried last summer I am satisfied that it

will do good at any time it is hauled.



I hauled four loads of muck last June

and placed it at least one inch thick on

my poorest sand on a spot not over two

rods square with no manure. On the

rest of the piece I put on manure at the

rate of 30 loads to the acre at the same

time and planted it to potatoes. 1 could

see from the time the potatoes got up

large enough to cultivate that they were

more thrifty and the vines a darker coior

where I placed the muck than where

the manure was put, and when I came

to dig them the potatoes where I put the

muck were larger, more even in size and

yielded at least one-third. more than

where the manure was applied.



While all, muck land is not alike I be—

lieve that it would pay anyman who has

hard heaVy clay or sand that is exhaust-

ed of humus to haul the muck from the

banks of ditches on to the up land, where

it does not haVe to be hauled too far.

Vi’hile the muck has not a very large per

cent of potash and lime in it (which was

shown by the corn not weighing more)

when it is mixed with sand it helps to

Ihold moisture and create humus.





id.





If a man has a marl deposit under his





muck and is ditching it there is quite an '





amount thrown out, and that marl con-

tains a large'per cent of lime, as is the

case in this locality, it would pay him to

haul the marl on the muck to the extent

of 30 to 50 loads to the acre, to sweeten

the sour muck and loosen it up so that

the nitrogen will be more available.



As land becomes higher in price every

year, it is up to the farmer, if he has

low ground or muck on his farm, to have

it drained, get the brush off from it. and

have it earning him something besides

pasture, and that not very good either.

Also how much better it looks when a

man is riding through the country to see

all the land on a farm under cultivation

than to see a patch here and one there

of from one to 25 acres, all grown up to

brush and weedS, all for the want of a

few tile or a large open drain, when the

man cannot only benefit his muck, but

also increase the crops on his up land

at the same time.



I would like to hear more through your

columns in the future in regard to ex-

periments other farmers have made with

muck, as different one’s experience, if

they will only make it known through the

columns of your valuable paper, will help

others to improve it at some future time.



Genesee Co. \Y. S. BURNETT.





ALFALFA ON ROLLING LAND.





 





Two years ago I plowed up an old

pasture that was very rolling and had

started to break and wash in places. In

spring of 1912 I planted this to corn. The

crop was a good one. New the problem

that confronted me was what to put in

after corn and stop the washing and in

truth I wanted to get rid of working such

a rolling piece. Last spring I commenced

to barrow the corn stubble and every

week, or as near as possible, I gave it a

good dragging. Everyone knows how dry

the season was without my mentioning

the fact; but soon I brought the moisture

up where I could see it. Just over the

fence my neighbor was cu‘tivating corn

and you could not see the team or man

at times on account of the dust.



I tested the soil with litmus paper, but

with the exception of one spot that was

high and very light poor soil, it did not

indicate an acid condition. I kept right

on dragging (notwithstanding a great

many criticisms) and the first of July

I sent to Lansing and got two bottles of

inoculating material. Every day it seem-

ed as if the very air would explode, it





was so dry. On July 19 I got out of bed ,

a trifle earlier than usual and called up





two of my neighbors, and got one to sow

the seed and another came with team

and we both followed as close as possible

and kept the seed covered with spike-

tooth drag. \Ve dragged both ways. I

Only intended to sow 12 lbs. per acre,

but sowed nearly 14 lbs. with hand seed-

er. Inaweek you cou‘d see it was coming

fine. Last fall it averaged from eight to

18 inches in height and was almost black,

it was so green.



I have a fine stand with roots from a

foot to 18 inches in length. It is consid-

erably thicker than I wish it was, but I

suppose the weak plants will be crowded

out in time and will be a case of the

“Survival of the fittest."



Now in writing this my principal object

is to 'help some one, else get started and

to avoid the mistake of sowing too early

as by this method all weeds are

thoroughly killed out and you will have

the moisture, no matter how dry it may

be. Now, I.want to ask some brother

that can tell by experience will I derive

any benefit from this the second or 1‘01-

lowing year? I am told I need not ex-

pect anything from this until the third

year.





Gratiot Co. L. L. GIBSON.





 





A stand of alfalfa such as is described

in this article will undoubtedly yield well

next year, far better, in fact, than would

a good stand of clover. The impression

that it will not be productive the first

year after feeding is doubtless due to

unfavorable experience in undertaking to

grow alfalfa an acid or uninoculated soil.

But where favorable conditions are pres—

ent and good inoculation is obtained al-

falfa will yield better the first year after

seeding than will c10ver.——Eds.





SALT SAVES SEEDING.





 





 





A Genesee county farmer reports that





by sowing salt on clover and alfalfa seed—





ing covered with ice last winter, the ice

was honeycombed, air admitted and the

seeding saved. One and one-half bushels

per acre was sown. Clover heaved out

less where salt was sown.





 

 





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Addrqs
FARM NOTES.





Broom Corn Cutlure In Michigan.





Would you kindly answer through the

Michigan Farmer if the land of southern

Michigan, soil a sandy loam, would be

adapted to broom corn culture, or would

it take a better soil in order to get the

length of straw. If it could be raised here

would like a brief description of plant—

ing. cultivation and harvesting.



Van Buren Co. L. G.



Any good corn land is equally well

adapted to the growing of broom corn,

which resists drouth rather better, than

corn. The best soil for this crop is a

well drained, rich loam. The soil should

he prepared as for corn, and an applica—

tion of stable manure would be beneficial.

The seed should be sown at about the

same time or a little later than corn

is planted. It is generally sown in drills

three to three and a half feet apart with

the seed drilled so that the plants will

stand from six to eight inches apart in

the row. About two quarts of seed are

required per acre, and as the plantsstart

very slowly, prompt and frequent shallow

cultivation is necessary to keep the weeds

from smothering out the young plants. At

harvest time the stalks of two rows are

bent down diagonally toward each other

about three feet from the ground, form-

ing a sort of platform on 'which the heads

with about six inches of stalk attached

are laid after being cut. When partially

cured, the curing is finished in a shed

and the seed is removed by a special de—

vice manufactured for the purpose.



Late Matured Beans for Seed.



I had two pieces of beans this year, one

carly and one late. The early piece was

badly affected with anthracnose, the late

piece was not, but was frosted before the

crop was well matured. ’l‘lhe frost killed

the vines but a great many of the beans

matured in the pods. I want to know if

it is advisable to use the late beans for

seed. They were raised on sand and

what there is of them are an excellent

quality, not a yellow bean in them. “'ould

they make an early maturing crop or not?



Ingha‘n Co. A. H. J.





A good way to determine Whether these

beans Were matured sufficiently to make

it advisable to plant tiliem for seed would

he to make a germination test the Same

as you would with corn. If all the beans

germinate and produce strong, vigorous

sprouts, it would be a safe proposition to

use them for seed, otherwise not. It is

probable that either the condition of the

soil or the date of planting may have

made the difference in the time of ma-

turing, and that this would make little

difference with the earliness of the suc-

ceeding crop. It is most inadvisable to

plant beans affected with anthracnose, as

that is but to invite certain loss from this

disease.



Grass in the Woodlot.



I have 80 acres of river flats, covered

with second growth timber, but no pas-

ture in the summer. Am underbrushing

this winter. Will you kindly advise if

there is any graSS seed that will grow in

the woods, if sown broadcast, and what

quantity to sow?



Midland Co. J. H.



Vl’ith the removal of the underbrush an

the pasturing of this land the grasses

indigenous to the section will gradually

come in. Of theSe June grass will doubt-

less dominate if the. land is not too wet.

Without knowing this condition it is im-

possible to advise intelligently regarding

supplementary sowing. ln the writer's

opinion, however, it would have been bet—

ter to have cleared a portion of the land

l'0r pasture and let the underbrush grow

on the balance, especially if it is desired to

perpetuate a timber lot, as bothtimber

and grass Will produce better when given

undisputed occupancy of the land.



Seeding Alfalfa After Wheat.



Do you think it advisable to sow alfal—

fa on land that is now sown to wheat?

1 would plow and work this land down

after cutting off the wheat and sow late

in July or in August. \\'hen would be

the proper time to apply lime to this field

and how would you manage this field

for best csults? I now have a field of

alfalfa that I Wish to plow up in the

spring. \i’hzit style of plow is best to

break up this old sod?



Calhoun C0. E. O. P.



The success of this plan of seeding al-

falfa would depend not a little upon the

weather conditions which prevailed at

and after harvest time. If plowed as

soon as possible after removing the wheat

and worked thoroughly to get a firm seed

bed, there would be every prospect of

success, provided sufficient moisture was

present so that the seed could be sown

by August 1. The writer has had as good

success with midsummer seeding as any

plan used, but ordinarily the seed should

be gotten in the ground by August 1 to

insure a good growth before winter. Lime

would be best applied just after the land

was plowed so that it could be worked

into the soil. Probably if applied at this

time, caustic lime would be better, as it





THE MICHIGAN FARMER -'





acts more quickly than the carbonate or

ground limestone. Experience in the use

of lime seems to show that better results

are secured if it is sown some time pre-

vious to seeding. However, by sowmg

and working into the soil just before

seeding, and inoculatngthe soil or seed.

reasonably good results may be expected.





Plowing Alfalfa Sod.



An old alfalfa sod requires a. sharp

plowshare. Where an ordinary cast iron

plow point is used, it is advisable to

sharpen the share frequently with an em-

ery wheel in order to insure a good job

of plowing. One Gratiot county farmer





.recently told the writer that he found it





ntcessary to sharpen the plowshares each

halt-day in order to do a good job of

plowing on old alfalfa 30d.





Seeding Alfalfa ln Oats After Corn.





I have a corn field that I would like to

seed to alfalfa, but there are a few spots

that were poor corn producers and I am

at a loss to know what is the matter

with it. Most of the field produced very

thrifty corn. 1 have given these spots

a coat of rotted barnyard manure, but I

fear perhaps there is something lacking.

\Vould you kindly advise me what means

to use to give me the desired informa-

tion. The soil is sandy, but not light. I

intend seeding with oats.



Tuscola Co. J. McK.





If the corn on the poor spots made a

small growth of stalk, it would indicate

that the soil of these spots 'was deficient

in nitrogen, perhaps due to the failure

of clover seeding on those spots in former

years. If this is the difficulty, the appli-

cation of manure should overcome it. If

the alfalfa is to be sown in oats, only a

light seeding of oats should be used, and

if there has been any difficulty in secur-

ing a stand of clover on this field in for—

mer years, it would be Well to apply

lime when preparing the soil for oats. If

the soil is deficient in mineral elements

of plant food, a liberal application of fer-

tilizer to the oats would help the alfalfa

seeding.



Canadian Grown Cats and Barley for

Seed.



The past summer was so very dry and

oats and barley of so poor 3, quality for

seed, I would like to inquire as to the

advisability. now that the duty is re-

moVed from grain from Canada, of ship—

ping oats and barley from the Canadian

northwest for seed in Calhoun countY.

Their grain is COmDaratively cheap and

with a moderate price for freight. Do

you think it a good proposition to change

to our Soil, climate, etc., with a reason-

able prospect of success.



Calhoun Co. C.



While excellent results might be secur-

ed from the sowing of Canadian grown

oats and barley in southern Michigan, as

a general proposition it would be advis-

able to try it out on a. small scale, and

uSe Michigan seed of known quality for

the bulk of these crops. Many excellent

varieties of grain have been introduced

from other countries with as great varia-

tion of latitude as prop0sed in this case,

but only a. few out of many varieties

tried have so developed. Generally, too,

in, these cases the variety has been anew

one in which the factor of yield has been

largely increased by careful and pains-

taking selection of individual plants in

the beginning. Ordinarily, violent changes

in latitude affect the yield of all crops

adversely until same have been grown in

the new locality for a time. This would





probably be less true of small grains than ‘

it is of corn, although the principle un-I





doubtedly applies in a general way to all

plants.





COST OF KEEPING FARM.MAOH|N-

ERY.





 





“The depreciation in the value of farm

machinery should always be figulred in

the cost of harvesting a crop," says

Prof. ll. C. Rainsonwor, of the College of

Agriculture, .OhlllO State University.

“Since the average life of farm machin-

ery is about ten years, this: depreciation

should be figured at 10 per cent of the

value of the machine each year." Prof.

Rawsowcr points to the corn harvester

as an example of tihe cost of deprecia-

tion. It is figured that the man who

purchases a corn binder will cut at least

40 acres of corn each year. The binder





will cost about $120 and, lasting ten.





years, will make tlhe coat of the ma-

chine $12 each year. Dividing $12 by the

40 acres harvested, t‘he costper acre for

the use of the corn binder will be 30

cents. VVIh‘Ile these figures are only av—

erages. they are nearly correct and show

thematihiod of estimomtng the cost of the

use of farm machinery, exclusive of the

llaibor requlired to operate them. This

cost made known, emphasizes the im-

portance of getting the farm machinery

under cover, for each year its life is

shortened increases the cost 01' its use.





 





 





of water.





Write at once.





 





We want agents under our Consignment Contract to

handle our fertilizers Where we have none. Don’t delay.





The American Agricultural Chemical Co.

Detroit Sales Department, Detroit, Mich.

Also Cleveland and Cincinnati. Address nearest office.





 





i: "Ii. li‘. ' ' '"'- wildfigfium

' m *9.





.I \





-lllil “A“ ,



V- Afis -



' ‘ -S‘-——I--- ‘ ,-



' "an

‘ y ‘i' .-





 





BOUT a thousand tons of surface soil is cultivated

to the acre, and it iS hard to understand why an

application of a. few hundred pounds of good fer-



tilizer will make such a wonderful increase in the crop.

Our fertilizers are quickly soluble and are so com-

pounded that they thoroughly enrich the acre of soil

just as a few drops of bluing will color a. large amount





Take no chances





Use A°A°C° Fertilizers





We make special compositions to fill the requirements of

different crops, grown on all kinds of soils. We furnish a. fer-

tilizer with 34% available phosphoric acid; special grain fertilizer

2-12—3 and 20-4 analysis; also half potash fertilizer for growing

onions, celery, corn, and other crops on muck land.





Farmers cannot learn too much about fertilizers and how to

use them. Write us for further information. We Will gladly send

a bookleton fertilizers; also alarge handsome calendar.





 

 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





   





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JAN. 17, 1914.





TENTH ANNUAL MICHIGAN CORN

'SHOW.





——.__._..





The tenth annual meeting and corn

show of the Michigan Corn Improvement

Association will be held the first week in

March at the Agricultural College.



This is to be known as “Farmers’

Week” at the College and is a combined

meeting of the M. C. I. A.. the Michigan

Experiment Association, and the Annual

Round—up Institute. and a large attend-

ance is desired and expected as a highly

interesting and instructive program is

being prepared which no one can afford

to miss.



It will be the best opportunity ever yet

afforded the farmers of all parts of the

state to get together and discuss matters

of interest among themselves and 1"ceive

scientific information on farming prob-

lems too intricate to be otherwise solved.



The object of the Corn Improvement

Assoeiation is to arouse interest among

the farmers of this state and to stimu-

late them to pay more attention to the

selection and care of their seed corn, be-

cause if this is not done the other states

to the south and west of us will in a

short time, outstrip us and there is no

reason why this condition should exist

unless we, as farmers. permit it to be so.



The Corn Improvement Association is

.lmnonstrating its value to the farmers

of Michigan by the great strides which

have been made in the improvement of

the quality and appearance of the corn

crop of the state in the last few years,

the discarding of worthless strains of corn

and the improvement and development

(if other strains until the Old stock is

should be and we must not. relax our ef-

scarcely recognizable. This is as it

forts to raise our standard.



l’oor corn will not permit good soil to

give you the best results any more than

poor soil will allow good corn to give you

the best results. It should be a, combina-

tion of both and while it is often a more

arduous task to get the good soil in

which to plant good seed thcre is much

less excuse for not having the good seed

to plant there, because if you think it too

tedious a task to buid up your own seed

corn to the standard you desire, you can

buy it and that may be the cheaper way.



\-\'e hope to make the tenth annual corn

show the best ever from an educational

standpoint and, if we attain this result,

We must have your presence and your

corn at this meeting and we would like

to more than double our present mem—

bership.



This is the beginning of the age of boys’

and girls’ corn clubs everywhere in the

United States that corn is grown, and as

the boys and girls are the foundation of

future farming we should give them all

the encouragement possible toward tak-

ing up some phase of farming and give

them every opportunity to learn all they

possibly can in regard to it.



One Michigan boy has had the benefit

of a trip to \Vashington and we read of

a number of boys going from other states.

Why not more Michigan boys and girls?



I would like to see the boys and girls

take this trip to the M. A. C. and enter

some corn in the corn show and hear the

speakers on the different farm topics,

hear the discussions and see the corn

judged and see numerous other things of

interest in connection with the M. A. C.



This has been a hard year for the boys

just starting in corn club work but many

things are to be learned through adver-

sity as well as success, so I say, stick to

it, boys and you'll win in the end. I

would like to see the boys of the various

county and other corn (-lubs graduated

into the M. C. I. A.



This year we will have premiums in all

the classes in the corn show.



J. R. DUNCAN, Sec.





CATALOG NOTICES.





 





 





“Paint and Painting,” is the title of an

interesting and instructive illustrated

booklet published by the Lowe Bros. Co..

l’aint Manufactures, of Dayton, Ohio.

This booklet tells how to secure beSt re—

sults and avoid unnecessary failures in

painting all kinds of surfaces, both ex-

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and special materials for the work, in-

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interior paints. \Vrite this company tell—

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will forward Such of this literature as

will furnish you the information desired

free of charge if you will mention the

Michigan Farmer.



Gregory Farm 1914 seed products are

fully illustrated and described in a 64-

Dage catalog published by the Gregory

Farm SOCd CO~. Third and Adams Sts.,

Bay City, Mich. A full line of farm. gar-

den and flower seeds which are made a

specialty at Gregory Farm, Bay county,

Mich, are illustrated and described in

this complete catalog. which will be sent

upon request to Michigan Farmer readers.





l





 





 





THE MICHTIG'AN FARMER





 





3'99





Puls It On Your





For $129,| Clean and;





Grade Your Seed Grain





 





 





15!)“





[i will"; _





William

. /._





THE CHATHAM

Grain Grader and Cleaner





; Handles 70 Kinds of Seed Grain and Grass Seed





From Wheat. it takes Wild Oats. Tame

Oats. Cockle. Rye and Smut.



Cleans the dirtiest Flax. Has special

knocker and skimmer which prevents clog-

ging. (Other machines choke up.)



Takes Dodder.Bnrn Yard (l rass and Foxtall

out of Alfalfa and Millet “slick asawhistle."



Takes Buckhorn from Clover.



Sorts Corn for Drop Planter.



Famous BEAN MILL. Handles all varie-

ties. takes out the SPLITS. Clay. Straw. etc.



Handles Peas as well as any Grain or Grass

Seed. Removes foul wood seed and all

shrunken. cracked and sickly grains. Takes

out all dirt. dust and chaff. It is also a bully

chatter. Handles 60 bushels per hour. Gas



power or hand power. Easiest running mill.





 





 





 

 





 





m Planet Jr

Combined



. Hill and Drill Seed-

‘ er, Wheel Hoe,





Cultivator,

ake and





\\ V Plow

.. ‘" GET XIA’TVA





N





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 





 





The newest and most

accurate l’lanct Jr seeder. ‘1

Sows ail garden seeds in

hills or drills. opens the

furrow. covers. rolls down.

and marks next row all at

once. 1133 steel frame and

handles, and complete set

of attachments. Light enough

for woman’s use.





 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 





Planet Jr IZ-tooth

Harrow, Cultivator



' and



/ Pulverizer





 

 

 





An invaluable tool in the marke





 





 

 





on .lants.





 





t-gardcn.

truck and strawberry patches. 11215 new

steel wheel which prevents clogging. Its

12 chisel-shaped teeth cut out all weeds, stir

and mellow the soil and leave the ground_m

the finest condition without throwing dirt





 

 





You can’t afford to plant common Seed

'and take chances on a poor crop. when I

am offering to scientifically clean and grade

every bushel of your Seed Grain for this spring’s

planting for one paltry dollar.



Here’s my proposition. and if you are a smart

man you will write me before sunrise tomorrow:





Send me one dollar and I will ship you.

FREIGHT PAID by MYSELF, this improved

1914 Chatham Grain Grader and Cleaner. with

all equipment. Clean your Seed Wheat. Oats.

Flax, Barley, Peas. Beans, Corn, Grass Seed.

etc. Then PLANT those fine seed. AFTER

you have harvested a bumper crop. pay me

the balance of my low price. Not one penny

need you pay. except the $1. until next Oc-

tober. And by October YOUR CHATHAM

WILL HAVE MORE THAN PAID ITS E -

TIRE COST IN INCREASED CROPS. Then

you'll have it to work FREE for you the rest

of your life.





Your Dollar Returned





I only want. the dollar as evidence of good faith—to

rotect. mysel f from mischievous boys. If after 30 dnys’

3rd test. you don't want my “Chntbnm.” send it back



at my expense and I will return the dollar.





A “Made-to-Order” Machine





Every “Chathnm” is practically a. made-tooorder ma-

chine, for I send you the exact. and proper Screens.

Riddles, Hurdles and Sieves to grade and clean every

Grain and Grass Seed grown in our localz‘t /. That's

the secret of my success. I woud not be t 9 leading

maker of Graders and Cleaners if I had tried to make

my equipment fit_ ten million farms. What. would you

think 0 a clothing maker whose suits were all one

size? Wouldn’t it be a miracle if he gave youafit. Yet





6 men better, quicker, cheaper.





Fully guaranteed.





FREE





Write postal today.





S L'ALLEN & C0

Box 1107M





Philadelphia





   





. ' Planet Jr Single

Wheel Hoe,

Cultivator, Plow,





Rake and





Marker





 

 





 





' ‘\ «o

1% .‘i ’“s‘

_ - ‘3 “Fig‘ ,1»





A new Planet Jr Single \Vhecl Hoe that

islight. strong and practically indestructible

-—the frame and handles are steel. It is

completely equipped for plowing. hoeing.

cultivating. and raking. The marking at-

tachment insures rapid. economical wheel-

hoeing.





 





 

 





Scnentmc Cultivation



Get away from useless drudgery and

old-time wasteful cultivating methods in

your family garden and on your farm.

Use the Planet Jr and do the work of 3 to

Planet

Jrs are light, strong, lasting. $2 to $100.





Our new 72-page illustrated catalogue of 60

implements for all farm and garden uses.





t J





Planet Jr Horse

Hoe, Culti-





all makers of Graders and Cleaners. exce 1; me. send

the same equi ment. whether you live in nine, Ohio

or Or’egon. fl‘ ey wouldn’t do that. it they had my 41

years experience.





Extra Screens Free





I use. all together. 81 Screens and Sieves. It

usually requires 15 to 17 for the average farm. These

I select from the 8 After 41 years in the business

I am pretty sure to pick the exact equipment needed

on your farm. If I shouldn’t. just drop me a line and

I'll send your additional requirements. There will

be no charge for this.





Samples Graded Free





Maybe you have some Seed Grain that .you can’t

clean or grade or separate. Send me asample. I will

purify it. and tell you how you can do it cheaply. No

charge for this.





Seed Corn Sorted





My big Corn Sorting Attachment. invented 2 year.

ago. isagreatauccess. Twelve thousand formers and

many leading Agricultural Collegea'nre using it.

is the only machine I know of which acrentifioaliy

sorts seed corn for drop planters.





New Book Ready





Send me no money now—just. 8 Postal. for the finest.

most complete Book on Seed Selection I've ever writ-

ten. After the Book comes. write me what. size ma-

chine you want and I’ll ship it. frei ht prepaid. on

receipt of $1.00 Then clean and gun 9 all your Seed

Grain. If you write today. you get. my Book by

return mail. Address nearest. office.





Manson campbell company





Dept. 60 >

Detroit Kansas City Minneapolis





 





 





Planet Jr

IE Combined

Hill and Drill Seed-

er, Double Wheel ‘

Hoe, Culti- ' '

vator and

Plow





   

   

 





 





   

   

   

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

   





 





A capital implement for

large-scale gardening es-

pecially. It has a steel

frame. and complete seed-



. ing and cultivating attach-





 

 

 

 

 





ments. The hoes run close

to row without danger to

leaves or roots.

Two acres a day can be

.worked with this tool.





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





vator, and Hiller . ._ ‘





 

   

 

 





Does more and better work than any other

horse-hoe ever invented. ]t is light and

easily handled, yet unusually strong. Has

new steel wheel which prevents clogging

with trash. Quickly adjusted to rows up to

3% feet apart. Vine-turner attachment is

feat for many crops at last workins.





   





 





 

   





 





 





 





O





5'





5 Delivered





Complete Spreader in Michigan. Ohio. Indiana. lllinois. low

Minnesota, Missouri. Wisconsin, West Virginla. Kentucky, and al

Eastern States. Yes—I mean just what I say. and other states

at a slight advance on account of higher freigh t.





Reliable Detroit ‘American’





It’s the best you can buy at any price—-

" lightest drait—fewerparts—true capac-

ity ——- unlimited guarantee—30 days





\ Free Trial.





Tongueless Disc Harrows





and Cultivators

At bargain prices and easy terms

-——same ironclad guarantee and

30 days’ trial.

Write llle Now—My catalog is free

FRED C. ANDREWS. Gen’ 7. I

Manr 3or American Hrrrow Co.





I41 OS Hastings Sh,





 





Detroit. Mic .





 





2 Farm drainage needs durable tile. Our drain tile are made of best

‘ Ohio clay, thoroughly hard burned. Don’t have to dig ’em up to be

‘ . replaced every few years. Write for prices. Sold in carload lots.



" Also manufacturers of the famous NA'I‘CO IMPERISHABLE

SILO. Building Blocks and Sewer Pipe.





NATIONAL FIRE PROOFING COMPANY.Fulton Building. PITTSBURG. PA.





   





   





with rig in every County to intro- son

duce and sell F ami y an clen-

nary Remedies, Extracts and Spices. Fine pay.

,One man made $90 one week. We Incanbusi-

am and want o man in your County. Wnte us.





' Shores-Mueller Co. £091.21. Mr RapidsJowc





   

   

   

   





YOUR MONEY ”ll? 5%





if invested with this Society. Interest paid

semi-annually. Let us have your name and

address and we will tell you of the advan-

tages olferel by this Society which has been

doing business for over twenty years.



The Industrial Savings Society,



219 Hnlninond Bldg . Detroit. Mich.

I. ROY WATERBURV. Pres AUSTIN N. KIMMIS. Secy,





Pulverized Lime Rock





_ We can ship in carload lots in two days after order

is received from ,Muskegon and Benton Harbor.

Write for prices direct. to you.





LAKE SHORE STONE 00.. Milwaukee. Win.

POSTS WlII'IjE CEDAR POSTS in car

lots. Write for prices on sizes wanted.

FULLER & HARRIS. Fax-well. Michigan.

Mention Mlch. Farmer when writing to advertisers.
,_ ...—u. _ -..,..-.,, _.





54—6





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





4





JAN. 17, 1914.





 





“NEW-WAY” means reliability.

Keyser, W. Va.

We have found our

“NEW-WAY” High

Pressure Power Spray-

er to be just as recom-

mended. It is very

efficient for hillside

work. It performs

just as well there as

it does on level ground.

It is light in weight,

simply constructed and

easy to operate.





We use two leads





 

 





more if necessary

The “NEW- WAY” is reliable

omically.





GOOD SEEDS





BES‘I’ IN THE WORLD

CHEAPER TRAN OTHERS:

In addition we threw In I

let oi new varieties sxtrs



lthm 1! order. 00R BIG

FARM ARDENS SEDE DARD

NURSERY CATALOGUE IS

NOW READY FOR run. It

Is FREE. Write for It to

(lay; also send address of

yourtrleuds and neighbors

who buy suds. Address





llliillI'S Still Ilflliii





BOX 7

. SllEllANDOAll, IOWA

(unrest SEED coral crowns 111 1111-: 110111.11 1





1 1% 11 ”ii‘l' 11 111111





1

I1 I



111 11 11 '

esale Prices I l I

l lllillllilllll lillllllllllllllllll'lT.

Big Supplynofm Apple and Peach

, Pl. 1r, quince,

cherry, grape Vines, ornamen-

tal trees, roses, plants. etc.

Highest grade and true to

name. Best New Fruits.

Free catalogue gives valu-

able advice. “Thirty

Years with Fruits and





 





 





V

r

:-





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





A...

\-





i1





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





AltW





 





 

 

     

 





 





l_ llll





OD SEEDS





BEST "I THE WORLD

Prices Below All Others

I will give you a lot of new

sorts free with every order I

fill. Buy and test. Return if

' not 0. K.—money refunded.

Big Catalog FREE

Over 700 illustrations of vege-

tables and flowers. Send yours

and your neighbors’ addresses.





 





Protect crops and stock.

.; Keep house and barn warmer-save el—save

feed. Hill‘ 5 evergreens are hardy. nursery- '

-—low pri .Get Hill' 5 tree illustrated

‘ evergreen book and list of Great Bargain Oi-

~ (ere—from $4. 50 up per Thousand. Seyears

experience. World slargest growers. Write.

. D. HILL NURSERY (1)., Inc. 1‘1qu

. no Cerlar 111., Dundee. 111-. swim





Virginia Apple Orchard;





frequently not as much as $500 an acre from one crop.

Beaches, pears, plums and small fruit doequally well.

Idealclimate forfrult- growing. G

well located fruit lands, on railroad.

can be bought aslow as $15 an are on

easy payments. Write today for particulars

F. H. Luncnn. Agricultural Agent

Norfolk 8 Western I.

Boom n..sw.13..1ag Roanoke. Va.





Best for windbreaks.





 





 





 





 

   

   

 

 





   





 





" uni-nuns «1.1... IVIsit





Spray and Spray Right

IT PAYS





You can do it with air—ff High Pressure Puwur

Sprayer Guaranteed to 1111200 Ills. Pressure Bonlinuuusly





and four nozzles and have no trouble in keeping the pressure at 200 lbs or





and efficient audit





Write [or eataloc SCI. WWW





" swear (mom





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

   

   

 





Ipercabtes econ-

ALKIRE ORCHAR





   

 





 





7 Ann Street.





   

   





Few Other Trees

Equal HARRISON

BERLIN - GROWN





Peach, Pear. Apple





Harrison trees are bigger at

same age than most other trees.

They have larger and finer root

systems. more '1ife” or growinz

power. They are trimmed in the

nursery to nearly perfect shape (some-

thing seldom found). They are abso-

lutely hardy anywhere that fruit suc-

ceeds. They hear earlier and hear more

fruit when matured.





The Evidence is in our l914 Catalog.





If you plant in Michigan you can’t

afford to ignore these trees Send today

for our new 1911 Catalog and learn how

we grow them. This book describes all

our valuable varieties: gives complete

planting plans and directions. Tells

how. in the face of an attack of brown

rot. we made 100 acres of peaches yield

113 fruit that sold for $35...00000 This

book is free on request. '



Our complete guide book for fruit

growers is sent for 50 cents. Our land-

scape book for home planters is sent

free. Send today for the

books you want, and tell us

about your land and plans.

HARRISONS’ NURSERIES.



Box 484. Berlin. Md.

All Harrison trees are Berlin-





grown

bearing orchards.





 

 

 





...-u- ‘v -





\|\‘I\Im“- ' I





M





11 nu





 





‘llll‘lil“‘|‘l|l'b





 

   

 





-‘ "‘ I 11‘1“





   





1

|





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





1...111|11.1.115~llo.1





M





 





 

 





 





My 1914

' Tree-Book





FREE





To Fruit-

13/49 ‘1‘11 ' ‘1‘" Growers





///2 \11, 513,1!" " This book col?"

/ 1 (/J/ ~§I





 

 





 





‘ tains 120 pages, is

beautifully illus-

trated. describes

the cream of the

most profitable va-

rieties for home

and orchard plant-

ing. It tells why

William P. Stark



_troes thrive to such remarkable perfection and

£0an such profitable crops: why they are pre-



rred by the most successful fruit-growers.





The Great “J. H. Hale” Peach





The marvel of horticulture— to 5 larger than

Elberta. perfect freestone. soli yet tender flesh.

smoo skin. a peach practically without full.

stands shipment like apples. round and large for

preservin. hardiest in the bud. longest fruiting

season. nger bur ere more than cleaned out en-

tire stock last spring Order early for fall planting.





Buy Direct—Save Half





No agents. no middlemen—we share profits with



111.1. and sell you better trees. doubly guaranteed

Indy. Mountain-m"

plé. pair. peach. plum. bemoan andomunentalo.

pall orders gets sattpecial euhtion Write today.





William P. Stark Nurseries

1 Student? StarkcmMo.





William rem-k. " "

America’s

foremost Nurserymsn





 





tome.





 





 





 





“alarm PIECES





 





 





 





 

 





I . 1'1.” fil N I

m Bros. lWe-llsCo Be: an! e, . .

e.’ WWWWn





$HE’ERINS





’—gg06igoél;g'urry. 50. 000 P623025. 009 Plums 9b. 000 Quince. and thouaahnds o





 





Boater Wintulowlngpr

_ and circular how to grow it.

rm.” John. L9 m. M.- Ky. .,





100. 7c. 60. 500.000 peach—80, 0c. 4340, 3%(1f





   





rnanientals. Ora a small fruits 5“me new. 3



iPnEs Place Emacs,ygirr order with tho use in .

__.___.—— taslo free to everybody. '1' 1:21;, gm none '11! the name I Sheerin

SHEERII BRUNEI! IURSERIES. 0‘26 Iain St, Dansriils. I”! ...... ......" mm... 31...... .111.





 





 





 





When the inspection law is mentioned

at meetingslof fruit growers it is always

the subject of considerable discuseion. In-

variably at such discuSSions comes the

question of what can be done with the

neighbor who does not spray? Some sug-

gest that we tend to our own spraying

and by his lack of spraying he will put

himself out of business. Others, how-

ever, think that there ought to be some

action taken and that the neighbor be

compelled to spray or cut the trees down.

They class the unsprayed orchard a pub-

lic nuisance, which it rightly is. Although

a man can keep his trees and frult clcun

even if the neighbor is negligent, his

fight against the pests is made harder on

account of this negligence.‘ There are

seasons, such as the one just past. in

which the neighbor’s orchard will affect

the fruit of the well cared for orchard.

In quite a few cases where the Orchards

were adjoining, bad results from scale

were noticed late in the season.



Local Inspectors.



The inspection law requires that peo-

ple take care of their trees or destroy

them, but under present circumstances

the law is rather hard to enforce. Each

township, town or city should appoint

three yellows commissioners who are to

inspect trees and plants infested with

injurious insects or dangerous diseases,

and see that the law is carried out in

their particular district. “Were fruit is

not grown very extensively the town

boards often fail to appoint the commis-

sionerS, and in other cases they often ap-

point men who are not familiar with the

troubles they are to look for. The law

requires that the commissioners be free-

holders and states that they should re-

ceive two dollars a day for the time of

their services. On account of this low

wage it is hard to get men to leave their

farms at times when their time would be

more valuable there. It is also hard to

get men even though they are efficient in

diagnosing the various troubles and are

willing to do the work for two dollars a.

day who will do it at any price and make

enemies of his neighbors in the endeavor

to carry out the law. If a commissioner

starts to enforce the law with one grower

it would almost be necessary for him to

do so with all who required law enforce-

ment in the entire township. This would

take considerable time, which few men

would care to spend at the stated salary.

Outside the original inspection the cost

to the t0wnship would be little, as the

law states that the cost of enforcing the

law should be paid by the owner of the

place. If he does not pay it it will be

charged up as a Special tax on the place.



Horticultural Society Resolutions.



At the recent annual meeting of the

State Horticultural Society. this law was

”thoroughly discussed, and the general

opinion seemed to be that if the local

inspectors would be other than freehold-

ers, much of the trouble of the enforce-

ment of the law would be avoided. It

was thought that if someone not living in

the township could be appointed he would

not have the matter of friendship pre-

venting him from doing his duty. In View

of the above statement the following res-

olutions were adopted:



Whereas, the yellows law that is in

force at present requires that the local

inspectors shall be freeholders, and what‘s-

as, the limitation of freeholder in the

qualification of an insspector interferes

materially in. the practical enforcement

of the law, therefore be it resolved that

the Michigan State Horticultural Society

recommend to the legislature that this





.j law be so amended that one or more of

V the township commissioners be other than}





a. freeholder.



Be it further resolved, that the secre-

tary of this association be instructed and'

authorized to present this matter to the

legislature fer their consideration.



As a former deputy state inspector. the.

writer has given this law considerablei

attention. He has tried to View it from

all standpoints and‘ he certainly appre-

ciates the position the conscientious local

inspector is in. He would not be specially‘





“delighted with a’10cal inspector's 5°” 3‘





any price. Making enemies of your neigh-

bors at,two.dollars a day hasn’t enough

fun in it to make the job worth while.

He has also given the matter of making





 





   

 





~ ~=gilliilllllllllllllililIllIiiillililllllllilllllllll|Illllll[ill[IlllilllllllliiliilllllllllIllllilllillIlllllillllllllIllillllllllllllIllllllllllilllllllill|IllIllllllllllllilllllllllllllIllllllllIlllIlllllIllIllllillllllllIlllllllllllIllIllllllliililllll,_=l%:

if; . . g

Horticulture.





$111111qu111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111E





The Orchard Inspection Law.





the law more effective considerable at-

tention, and it seems to him that the

above resolutions did not hit the vital

spot to make it effective:





To Make Enforcement Easy.



Under the present law the local com-

m1ssioners each take their share of the

townShip for inspection. If the owner is

not satisfied with the decision of the in-

spector the other two are called and if

1he thinks their judgment poor the state

inspector is appealed to. His word or

that of one of his deputies is final on the

matter. If the state inspector decides in

favor of the local inspectors the owner

has to pay the expenses of the trip of the

state man. Therefore the state inspec-

tor’s only interest in the matter- is when

he is appealed to. He is not in the deal

until then.



“'hat is everybody's business is no-

body's business, and according to the

present law there are too many sub-au-

thorities who do not care to show their

full authority on two dollars a day. The

writer suggests that an effort be made

to have the law changed so that the state-

inspector be made directly responsible for

all of the orchard and nurSery inspection,

that he be allowed enough funds to ap-

point and pay a sufficient number of effi—

cient deputies to carry out this work.

[’nder this plan the local commiSsioners

would be dispensed with and the town-

ship be involved in no expense except

through indirect taxation. Under this

plan friendships and low salary would not

interfere with the carrying out of the law.

The deputy could work out the letter of

the law in a place and then leave it and

forget the diesgreeable part which the

carrying out of the law sometimes in-

volves.



The local inspector meets frequently the

man on whom he has enforced the law

and therefoxe he has almost a daily re-

minder of hard feelings.



The State Dairy and Food Commission

carries on its work along the lines .sug~

gested above and is doing it with success.

There is no need of ‘the deputies who

should be hired by the year, being idle

part of the year as, when it is not pos-

sible to inspect orchards and nurseries

there is plenty of other work they could

do. It might be possible to have them

assist in enforcing the state fruit pack—

age 1:1w. This law is an excellent one

but it needs enforcement to make it

effective.



The fruit interests of the state do not

need new laws, but the present laws

amended so that they can be properly

and efficiently enforced. It needs the en-

forcement badly and it is lIODEd that

sentiment can be created to get needed

changes to make enforcement more easy.





DO IT NOW.





 





Now is the time to send for nursery

and spray machinery catalogs if you are

in the market for nursery stock or equip-

i‘1iccs .111d‘1iteratu1e of 511: ay ma-

terial should also be requested of those

who advertise it. Do not confine your—

self to writing for just a few catalogs

of the lines you are interested in, but

send for all you see advertised. You can-

not use the best of judgment in selection

if you do not find out first what each

manufacturer has to offer. A study of a

large number of catalogs is interesting

and instructive. Through them you can

learn the latest improvements offered on

the market. To keep up to date it is

necessary to read what the advertisers

have to offer as well as the reading mat-

ter in your trade journal.



-It is better to make“ your plans in ad-

Ivance and during the winter months

when you have time, therefore take the_

hint, “Do it now.”



1 ._._________.__



; .The -Western New YOrk. Horticultural

Society holds its annual meeting January

its- -29 30' A practical program is as-

$ure“d. Large exhibim' of spray machin-



ery and competitive fruit exhibits will be

'nteresting features. Apply to John Hall,

ec-retar'y, 204 Granite 3165., . Reoh‘ester."





ment.





VN. Y., for program





Attention to the little things. often; .

makes the difference between success and





failure.
JAN. 17, 1914.





THE BALDWIN APPLE.





 





There is probably no variety of apple

more grown and'better known than the

Baldwin. It has been the most popular

standard variety for quite a few years

just because it is a good all—around apple.

It has no special feature in which it ex-





cels‘, but it is fairly good in all of the

qualities which go to make a. good

variety.



The tree is a large vigorous grower





which bears bienni-ally. It is a little slow

in coming into bearing but it bears

abundantly after that. It is generally

long lived but when grown in the northern

part of the state it sometimes winter-

kills.



There is probably no variety which does

well on so many different soils as the

Baldwin. However, soil conditions affect

the fruit and we will very often find ap-

ples grown on the lighter soils with bet-

ter color and generally better quality.

while those grown on the heavier soil will

often lack in color. On account of this

difference we will have great variation

between fruits of the same variety. This

is especially true of the Baldwin and

therefore we have what some people call

White Baldwins, Black Baldwins, etc.

There are no differences betWeen these

except through the influence of environ-

ment.



This variety is generally of good qual-

ity, color and size. llnder unfavorable

conditions it sometimes becomes rather

small in size. It is a variety eaSiiy hand-

led because it does not bruise easily. It

is a good keeper in storage, which is a

favorable feature for a commercial apple

to have. These two factors also make it

probably the best for export trade. \Vhen

the apples are not good for general mar-





keting purposes this variety makes an

ideal one for evaporation and canning

purposes.





The fruit and foliage are Cluite resistant

to diseases and are quite easily kept





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





placed over piles of fresh horse manure

that are about two feet deep and the

roots are packed closely right on the ma-

nure. They are then Covered with just

enough soil to cover the roots. In Amer-

ica we force asparagus in a. similar man-

ner except that we place more or less soil

over the manure on which the roots are

set. The Fre'ncuh method is the best in-

so far as the roots force quicker.



'When it is desirable to force asparagus

in early spring, the plants are not re-

moved from the field but trenches are

dug between the rows of roots in the

field and filled with hot fermented ma-

nure. Manure is also spread over the

tops of the plants. The -‘heat generated

causes an eariy growth of the roots.

Sometimes barrels are placed over indi-

vidual plants or clumps of plants and ma-

nure is piled up all around the barrel.

This also forces the plant into early

growth. In the United States asparagus

is usually forced in the greenhouse but

today, with the increased production of

eariy vegetables crops in the southern

states and California, this line of vege-

table forcing has not proven as profitable.



Mich. Agri. Col. C. P. HALLIGAN.





FALL-BEARING STRAWBERRIES.





 





I noticed that the man in Emmet coun-

ty made a failure of his fall-bearing

strawberries this year, for he says that

he got only four quarts from his patch.

There must be something wrong some-

where, for I have one-fourth of an ac”,

of the very same variety that I set out

about the middle of last May and sinre

the first of August I picked over 1m

quarts of fine berries. I got 25 cents a

quart or $4.00 a crate for them, wnich

looked good to me. In fact it looked so

good that I shall set an acre more néxt

>pring. If they could they would he

worthless as far as their market value

is concerned as it would not take many





to flood the market at that time of the:





 





 





Old French Pear Trees at

The Bald-





clean by thorough spraying.

win spot, a trouble which can not be

controlled, is the cause of serious loss in

the market value of the fruit in some

seasons. This trouble is not caused by

a. fungous trouble or an insect, but is a

physiological defect more often found in

over-grown specimens.



This popular variety came up as a.

seedling on the farm of John Ball, near

Lowell, Mass, about the year 1740. At

different times it was called Woodpecker

and Butters and it was not until it was

brought to the attention of Colonel Bald-

win, of VVoburn, Mass. who propagated

it freely that it received its present name.



Many think that the Baldwin will pass

fiom prominence in favor of other varie-

ties. At present there is no variety which

has all of the good features which this

one has. Many varieties are particular as

to soil and location and they also need

special care in spraying. So if a grower

does not know their peculiarities in this

respect and wishes to just go into ordi-

nary apple growing, the Baldwin should

be one of his favorite Varieties.





FRENCH METHOD OF FORCING AS-

PARAGUS.





 





Can you give me any information as to

the French method of producing aspara-

gus in four or five weeks? T. D



The French practice two methods of





“producing asparagus in four or five

weeks,” in other words, of forcing as-

paragus. When the asparagus is produc-

ed during the early winter season or dir-

ing mid-winter, it is customary to dig up

the roots early in the fall and store Sarge

three-year-old roots. Frames a1e_ then





MonrOe. Still Productive.





year. But there is money in it for the

few and for home use the family can

have berries any time during the summer

or fall, that they want them. “’6: had

Shortcake to eat as late as the middle of

November. If there had been plenty of

rain I would have had a great many

more berries. It was so dry that it was

a long time before the plants made any

growtih.



Van Bul‘en Co. E. C. ANSON.





QUESTIONS ANSWERED.



Under the head of Trouble Department

we will answer questions pertaining to

any phase of horticulture. Often there

is some particular question which the

regular articles do not cover or there

may be something in an article which is

not clearly understood. If s0, do not

hesitate to make use of this department.





FOR NEXT WEEK.





 





Unusual Methods of Fruit Growing, an

article on the methods of a. successful

New York grower, will appear in the

horticultural columns of next week’s issue.





 





BOOK NOTICE.





 





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filllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllll





 





SELL THE CORN AND BUY COTTON-

SEED MEAL.





 





Please balance ration for Holstein cows.

For roughage I have corn silage, timothy

hay, mixed with a little clover, and oat

straw. For feed have corn worth 780 a

bu. Other feeds I have to buy. Oil meal

at $35 a ton; cottonseed at $35; bran at

$26. “'ould it be better to sell the corn

and buy other feeds?



OttaW'a C0. .'\. W.





I think in this case where you have

good corn silage and if you don’t need

the corn to feed to other stock, like hogs,

horses, or poultry, then I would sell it

any buy either cottonseed meal or wheat

bran, gluten feed, or oil meal, because

your dry roughage is very deficient in

protein. Timothy hay and oat straw are

both deficient in protein and your corn

meal wiil not assist you in balancing this

ration. Of course, you could feed some

corn meal if you choose. For instance,

you can mix corn meal with wheat bran

half and half by weight. That makes a

very good ration to feed providing you

will feed in addition to it about two

pounds of cottonseed meal a day or two

pounds of oil meal. or about three pounds

of gluten feed. Then feed enough of the

corn meal and the wheat bran to make a

pound of grain for every four pounds of

milk, or three-fourths of a pound of grain

per day for every pound of butter-fat

that the cows produce in. a week.





 





SCALDING THE GRAIN RATION.





 





I am a reader of the Michigan Farmer

and would like to know the best grain

ration for my dairy cows. They are all

grade Durhums. I am now feeding oats

and barley ground together. I give about

three quarts to each cow after it has

been scolded, to which is added about

two pounds if oil meal. Is that a good

gruin ration? I feed silage morning and

night and mixed hay and cornstalks and

-whcut straw for roughage. Is it better

to feed chop stuff dry or scald it; also is

whole oats good for young calves?



Huron Co. .I. McT.





I don't think you will get any better





 





 





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results by scalding the grain ration than

you will by feeding it dry.

very many people had an idea that the

cows should be slopped; that is, the bran

or other grain should be mixed with wat-

er and fed in a wet condition, but that

idea has been tried out at experiment

stations where careful records Were kept

and it was proven that it never paid to

wet the grain for cows. If cows have ac-

cess to water and can drink when they

wish they can get all the water they

want. AS a matter of fact, it is better

for cows to eat their grain rather slowly

so as to give proper mastication, just the

same as it is for a person, and if you

feed sloppy grain they may swallow it

Without properly masticating it.



Your grain ration of oats and barley,

together with oil meal, is a good ration

to balance up the roughage. I should say





 





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lisrd Use. ;





three pounds of oil meal a day would be

,‘sufiicient, and then feed enough of your

lground oats and "barley to make a pound

iof grain for every three or four pOunds

)of milk, or a pound of grain per day for

icvory pound of butter-fat which each

‘cow produces in a week. This, of course,

is quite liberal feeding of grain, but if

you have good dairy cows it will be prof-

itable. If you haven’t got good dairy

'cows you must feed accordingly. I would

‘keep track of the yield of the cow and

the cost of the ration and if the cows

wouldn‘t pay for as liberal feeding as

this I would cut this down to a. point

where the net profits are largest.





ENSILAGE AND SHREDDED CORN

STOVER FOR ROUGHAGEL





 





I have ensilage but only shredded corn

fodder for roughage. Hove corn and

oats for grain. I have been. feeding about

one-third cottonseed meal with this, but

do not think I am getting the results

I should. How could this be improved?



Calhoun CO. V. E. G.



Corn stover alone as a roughage does

not furnish sufficient variety for a cow

to d?) her best.‘ ‘If you haven’t anything

else and. have corn silage as a succulent

food you can do pretty well if you feed

liberally of grain, but your grain ration

will cost you 'more to. get your cows to

do Well than it would if you had clover

or alfalfa hay to furnish a variety in the

roughage and also more protein. Corn

and oats and cottonseed meal will make

a very good ration Indeed with corn





 





 





Years ago ‘





i





THE'M'IC‘HIGAN FA’RIMER





roughage is so deficient in pro ein that

I would want to feed oil meal well as

cottonseed meal, because I would not like

to feed enough cottonseed meal to furnish

a sufficient amount of protein for this

ration. As I have said many times, I

think two pounds of cottonseed meal a.

day is all one ought to feed. If I needed

more concentrated feed rich in protein I

would procure it in some other source.

There is nothing better than oil meal.

For instance you can feed two pounds a.

day of cottonseed meal on the cnsiluge

in the morning and two pounds of oil

meal at night. Then feed a sufficient

amount of corn and oats so that you

would allow each cow giving a full flow

of milk a pound of grain for every four

pounds of milk produced in a. day, or

three-fourths of a pound of grain for ev-

ery pound of butter—fat which the cow

produced in a week.





silage and the shredded stover. fut your





IS THE GRAIN RATION O. K.?





 





I am feeding for roughage cornstalks,

clover hay and oat straw—~cornstalks

making up the larger portion of the bulky

feed. For grain I use corn-and-cob meal,

oats and wheat bran. Is this grain ration

all right? If so in what. proportions

should the grains be mixed and how

much should I feed each cow per day?

If the grain ration can be improved tell

me how? Are potatoes good for cows?



Newaygo CO. 0. M. F.





WVith mostly corn talks for roughage

I am of the opinion that you are not feed-

ing a grain ration rich enough in protein

and as the corn-und-cob meal makes the

grain ration plenty bulky I would cut out

the bran and substitute in its place glu-

ten feed, or oil meal, or cottonseed meal.

If you buy gluten feed you can mix your

corn-and-cob meal and ground oats and

gluten feed, equal parts, say 100 lbs. of

each, together. Then feed a pound of

this grain for every four pounds of milk

which the cows produce in a, day, or

three-fourths of a pound of grain to ev-

ery pound of butter-fat which the cows

produce in a week. Bran, understand, is

a good feed for cows, but it is not rich

enough in protein so that you COuld bal-

ance up a roughage of mostly cornstalks

without feeding large quantities of it.



Potatoes are a very good feed indecd,

for dairy COWs, and especially where they

have no other succulent food in the ra-

tion. When potatoes get down to 25 cents

a bushel, don’t sell them, but feed them

to the cows. The small unsalable pota-

toes should always be used, and not

thrown away. Cook them for the hOg-s

or hens or feed them to the cows. Pota-

toes ure worth just about as much as

other roots for a succuIency in the ra-

tion. You could begin and feed only a

small amount at first and gradually in-

crease the amount so that you would feed

a peck a day to each cow, and with good

results You would get more value out

of the dry food in the-ration on account

of the succulency in the potatoes. Usu-

ally, however, potatoes are too valuable

to feed to cows and one can get the suc-

CUlelle in the food much cheaper in corn

silage than he can in potatoes.





 





CORN FODDER AND LlNSEED MEAL

FOR COWS.





 





I would like your advice on my ration

for milch cows. Have drill corn with

some corn in, cornstulks and 0:11; straw

for roughage. Am feeding cob meal and

ground oats, equal parts, also linseed

meal. IVhat eke do I need for a balanced

ration? Have no clover hay.



Saginaw Co. R. H. B.



The feeds mentioned will make a bal-

anced ration. As long as you have no





clover hay and all of y.;ur roughage is dry





and somewhat deficient in protein it will.





be necessary to feed them pretty liberally

of the linseed meal and less of the corn

cob meal and ground oats in order to bal-

ance up the ration and make it more eco-

nomical. I suggest that you feed the

corn fodder and cornstalks liberally, do

not compel the cows to eat them all up

clean, and then start in by feeding about





three pounds of the oil meal per day and ‘

a. suflicient amount of the corn-and-cob?

meal and ground oats to make a pound‘

of grain to eVery four pounds of milk, or .

three-fourths of a pound of grain to ev- .





ery pound of butter-fat produced in a.

week. Linseed meal is a splendid grain

ration to feed with the roughage ration

which you have. In this particular ration

I think it is much better than cottonseed

meal. If you had corn silage and clover

hay, both of which are a. little bit laxa-

tive then cottonseed meal would work all

right, but with all of these dry feeds that

are rather rich in carbohydrates the lin-

seed meal is a splendid food, because it

is slightly laxative in its action, and

keeps the cows in good healthy condition.





   





The on Way

|||1 Was a Good Way





All thegraincame out when the straw

was beaten with a pitchfork. We

have built the same principle into the

Red River Special Thresher. The

Red River Special beats it out.





Hire a

Red River Special





And Save Your Thrash Bill





William Marsh, and six other farmers

of Langdon, North Dakota, say: “It

beats all the grain out of the straw

and saves time and thresh bills for

the farmer." Insist upon having a

Red River Special. Your thresher—

man will be glad to get this machine

it you tell him you want it to do your

work. You have the privilege of

specifying the machine. It‘s your

grain. Look for a man who owns or

will buy a. Red River Special—the

only thresher that beats out thegrain.

Write us for “Thresher Facts.’

Nichols 8: Shepard Company

In continuous business since 1848)

B ders of Threshers Wind Stackerd.

Feeders, Steam Engines and

Oil-Gas Tractors





   

 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





   





 





 





   

 

 





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tumult Am‘CORROSl"

Wo-Co-Ro METAL ’





 





“A . ~ .





 





. Their practical construmion stands -

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Perfectly fitting doors make the “ZYRO” Silo 5





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' Tells all about “ZYRO” Silos and shows them

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study the “ZYRO” sdvnntaga. Write for

helpful catalog today.





The Canton Culvert Co... Box 180 Canton, Ohio





     

   

   

   





 





 

   

   





   

   

 





 





 

 

   





the cheapest

roofing made.





 

 





puts up Dickeimsn

xtra Galvanized Roofing

never-takes it down. Its easy

handling, high standard of quality and ex-

tremely on; life makes it the cheapest rooi known.





BEATS WOOD OR SLATE





lasts longer and looks better. Fire and Light-

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tion with “Dex" Roofing. Our 15 year guar-

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FREE "The Reel oi Quality." Tells all about our



Metal Shingles. Corrugated, V Crimp and

Roll Booting, Silo Boots and other specialties.





   





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

 

 





 





 

   





   

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 

 





r





 





l





   





l

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Write for it Today

Dickeimeu Roofing 00., Dept. 130, Feral. 0.

Saves i5% lo 20% of Food

Keep Stock Healthier Crush car com P

_, Grind ell " "

kinds of small 11. 10 si 2 to 25

. P. Conical s aged grinders-dif-

\\ I

lightest Running A) "W

F dM'll 0

as I s A‘ li’l “I "I

state size 1 ' .

We also m3k§°§§§§§3§ndem

D. H. P. BO WSIIER 00.

South Bend. Ind.

damaged in elevator fires. Bone dry and equal in

(sedin vsiue to otherfrsiu. For sale in oer-lots direct

. - colors in. Micki boredom ,





.. D R

F .NIw-s

(with or without shacks) an .

v/ A"

fer-ant from allot ers. g, l i

. Ml

Ll

Handytooperate. Ask whyzand "~..;,, " ' '

m: assess rats!

For sheep and settle feeders

and dpir men. Salvage grain.

oats, bar ey. wheat and corn.

to f ere. Thebest





using it for years. Write st once for angles a

prices. and informstinnssto whet ex er'enor feeders

think of it. u-We save on your on bill." ‘



C. E. DINGWALL 00.. Milwaukee. Wis.





 





 





 





~—-_n-w<.u‘r.-a——‘-





“mm w .





-.L— +_ “hm, .- ..,. .-» _e ~...-.:
‘ JAN. 17, 1914.





DIFFERENT) BRANDS OF COTTON.

SEED MEAL.





 





Will you please make us a balanced

ration fro-m the following feeds for grade

Holsteins and grade Jersey, cows? We

can get one brand at $33 per ton and

another brand at $28; middlings $28; glu-

ten feed at $28.45; bran at $26. We have

enFilage, millet, mixed hay and bean

pods to feed for roughage. Our cows are

from three to eight years old and weigh

from 1,000 to 1,400 lbs. We are getting

38.1.5‘0 per cwt. at Jackson for our milk.



'ashtenaw Co.~ I, B



I think it would pay best to buy the

highest grade of cottonseed meal. The

highest grade is probably worth more

t-lllan the difference in price between the

extreme grades. The IOWer grade has

probably been allowed to get Wet, or it

may have been musty before it was

ground, or perhaps it was piled up out-

doors and had heated. Low grade cot-

tonseed meal is usually used as asource

of nitrogen in fertilizer, but sometimes

they try to work in some of the low

grade meal for feed. However. nothing

but prime cottonseed meal should be

purchased for feeding.



I would suggest that you feed hay once

a day, giving the COWS all they will eat

without unnecessary waste. Then feed

the millet and bean pods on alternate

days—one day yOu feed millet for one

feed and the next day you feed bean

pods once. If the millet was cut at the

proper time and was nicely cured it is

just about as good as hay and cattle

ought to eat it up quite closely, but with

the bean pods we would not expect the

cows to eat all of the stems. Yet if the

beans were pulled before they got dead

ripe, grown on sandy land where dirt

does not stick to them, and put into the

barn or under cover before tbcy got Wet,

if they have been harvested under these

conditions they are very nearly as good

as hay, and cows will relish them. ‘





The roughage part of the ration as well

as the grain should be fed with as little

loss as possible. But if we have poor

roughage we must not expect the cows

will eat it up as clean as they would good

roughage. And, too, a grain ration con-

sisting of feeds that are all rich in pro-

tein wouid provide more protein than is

necessary which would be wasteful. For

instance, if I fed cottonseed meal, then,

instead of feeding gluten or oil meal, or

any other high-priced nitrogenous food,

I would purchase corn meal or ground

oats and mix them with wheat bran. One

can mix the wheat bran and corn meal

equal parts by weight, or if he prefers.

mix ground oats and bran equal parts by

weight. Then feed each cow two pounds

of the cottonseed meal per day and a

sufficient amount of the other grains to

make a pound of grain for every three

or four pounds of milk the cow gives a

day; or three-fourths of a pound of grain

per day for every pound of butter-fat the

cow produces in a week. Cottonseed meal

is such a concentrated food that I prefer

to feed it alone so that I know just

how much each cow gets, rather than to

mix it with the bran and corn meal. If

the mixing is not thol‘Oughly done one

might feed too much or tWO little of the

concentrated ration. It would give more

variety to the ration if one purchased

oil meal and mix that half-and-half with

cottonseed meal; or, he cmlld feed cot—

tonseed meal in the morning and oil meal

at night; or feed cottonseed meal for two

or three days and then change to oil

meal. Without any succulent food in the

ration oil meal probably wiil give a little

better results than cottonseed meal, that

is, it will benefit the general health of

the cows more because cottonseed meal

is somewhat constipating while oil meal

is a little laxative.





BUCKWHEAT FLOUR FOR COWS.





 





l have a quantity of buckwheat flour

that is gritty. “fill it make good feed for

milch cows, and if so in what proportion

should it be fed? I expect to mix it

with ground corn and oats, equal parts

by measure. My roughage is corn en—

silagc, corn fodder and clover hay. Will

it make a balanced ration? How much

does the whole berry contain? What is

the flour worth per cwt. as a feed for

milch cows?



Michigan. C. N. S.



Buckwheat grain, or buckwheat meal.

that is, the whole buckwheat ground, con-

tains 8.1 per cent protein; buckwheat

flour contains 5.9 per cent; buckwheat

middlings 22.7 per cent; buckwheat bran

5.9 per cent; buckwheat feed, which is

all of the buckwheat with the exception

of the flour—~that is, the middlingshthe

bran and the hull together—15.6 per cent;

buckwheat hul‘s 1.2 per cent protein. The

biggest share of the hulls is indigestihle,

being crude fiber. From this analysis you





THE MICHIGAN FARME'R





can readily see that a grain ration con-

sisting of corn and oats and buckwheat

flour equal parts would .not balance a ra-

tion of silage, clover hay, and corn fod-‘

der. Buckwheat flOur isn't as rich in

protein as either the corn or the oats,

and you would ham: to feed a liberal

quantity of oil meal or cottonseed meal or

giuten feed to make this grain ration

sufficiently rich in protein to balance up

your roughage.





WHEAT MIDDLINGS FOR COWS.





 





I am milking four cows and have corn-

stalks and bran straw for rough feed.

For grain I have ground corn and cob

meal. What other grain should I feed?

Do you recommend wheat middlings to

produce milk or would gluten be better?



()tsego Co. F. A. A.





Wheat middlings are just about as rich

in protein as wheat bran. They have a

nutritive ratio of about 1 to 4, that is. one

part digestible protein to four parts di-

gestible carbohydrates. They therefore

would be a very good feed to use in con-

nection with your roughage ration. The

only trouble is that there is such a de-

mand for wheat middlings for feeding

various animals that they are uSually

pretty high in price. You could mix the

wheat middlings with your corn-and-coh

meal equal parts by weight and then feed

some gluten feed besides, because your

grain ration would not be rich enough in

protein to balance up your roughage. Or

you could purchase cottonseed meal which

probably will give you a. pound of diges-

tible protein cheaper than any other food

on the market. Say, feed two pounds of

cottonseed meal per day per cow and then

feed a sufficient amount of the corn-and-

cob meal and wheat middlings to give

you one pound of grain to every three or

four pounds of rnilk, or three-fourths of

a pound of grain per day for every pound

of butter-fat which your COWS produce

in a week. You could leavve out the

whcatnliddiings entirely if you wanted to

and feel the corn-and—cob meal and then

feed gluten feed, or oil meal, or cotton-

sced meal or something of that sort in

sufficient quantities to give your cows

enough protein to produce maximum

yields.



Of course, it must be understood in

feeding dairy cows that all cows are not

of the same capacity, that you can feed

some COWS more than you can others and

get your pay for the feed. The feedcr

must always use his own judgment as to

whether he feeds all cows alike or wheth-

er he feeds one cow more than another,

that is, whether he feeds all cows ac-

cording to the rule, or whether he varies.





DAIRY VS. BEEF COWS AND POTA-

TOES.





 





I attended a meeting of the Potato

Growe'rsl’ Association that was recently

oxganized in Grand Rapids, where there

were government experts and state ex-

perts talking about potatoes. It is a good

crop to talk about. lt is one of the great

crops of Michigan and always will be.

Any information, any enthusiasm, that

we can get upon the potato crop is worth

while. These expert potato growers, ev-

eryone of them, put stress upon the fact

that they need plant food, that old soils

that had been farmed for a long time

did not grow big crops of potatoes. One

of the principal speakers raises beef cat—

tle so that he can have the manure to

grow potatoes with. He raises beef clit-

tle and frankly admits that the reaSon he

does it is because he does not like to

milk. He has some cheap pasture lands

and he allows the calves to sucklc the

cows. All he gets for feeding the cow a

year is simply the value of the calf. Now

he can probably make enough out of the

potato crop so that he can afford to do

this.



But he is not getting as much out of

his cow as he might if he had a beef cow

and would milk her, because she will

bring in an actual profit and raisc a calf

besides. It might pay him to even buy

dairy cows and breed them to beef bulls.

The calves would probably be better

type of beef animals. He could then sell

all the calves, both heifers and bulls, for

beef. Should anything go wrong with a

cow, instead of trying to replace that cow

on his own farm he could go outside and

buy another dairy cow and breed her to

a beef sire. But I am of the opinion that

if he would plan to milk, that he, could

take dairy-bred animals and use the sur-

plus steers and the Iheifers to fatten and

sell, that he make more out of them

than he- could out of a beef breed under

circumstances. He could also furnish





.‘JllllllIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Get read to build a. silo

for 1914. e have a spe-

cial EARLY B UYERS’

Proposition which will be

of interest. A new book

by Ben'omin Quod. “The

Watch lower of Prosperi-

ty " our new catalog and

other literature will be

mailed free upon request.





W Write for them today.

Address nearest office.





 





 





 





any other make.





heat or absorption of the juices.





, 5313 Union Bldg.. Anderson, Ind





 





.......... mu”mummmumu





 





 





   

   

 

   





Mi Get More Money





iii" ”gallium for your crop, by installing a





SIL Let us tell you

about its many

superior features.

Work and material fully

GUARANTEED





—s.:=

.u





 





 

 





E

z .= = 9".





   





</;_.





a AGENTS WANTED-

Address the manufacturers

NAPPANEE LBR. &, MFG. CO.

315 Madlson Street.

NAPPANEE. INDIANA





IE .. .

gig-..





 





 





 





 





 





-—A money-saving pro osition. Ask

Feed BY'Pmducls rices on Mlchi an armor Brand

Cotton Seed Men . hi heat gm 9 manufactured.

Linseed. Beet Pulp. luten, Brewers. Distillers.

Salvage Grains. Corn. Corn Flakes, Oorn Meal. Mill

Feeds. Screenings. (:ull Beans Tankage. Meat Meal,

Lump Rock Salt, Wholesale Flour. The Bartlett 00,

Mlchlgnns Largest Feed Shippers. Jackson. Mich.





 





The INDIANA SILO is the Watch—tower that

marks the advancing line of progress in agricul-

ture. It stands like a beacon light to the farmers

and points the way of safety to those whose course

to independence is beset by crop failures and high

price feed. The





[Ngifii‘A





is the easiest silo to erect and keep in order. The

mechanical features found only on the INDIANA

SILO make it the best silo to be had. Dollar for

dollar it gives the greatest services of all silos and

if used according to our instructions it will last a

lifetime. It increases production; it lessons labor

and doubles profits. It is not an experiment. It

is not sold on promises but on the strength of its own past performances.



More INDIANA SILOS are in use on American stock farms than of





The contents of an INDIANA SILO

INDIANA SILO never gives trouble while filled.



The INDIANA SILO is not affected by the settling or cracking of

foundation; there is no danger of cracked or bursted walls. Wood is a

non-conductor and no loss results through improper curing through lack of





The present high price of feed stuff and of live stock makes it imperative that the

farmers of America conserve the wealth Wthh their acres produce.





THE INDIANA SILO CO. ,





582 llldiana Bldg., Des Moines, Iowa

INDIANA SILO C0. of Texas, 532 Live Stock Exchange Bldg., Fort Worth, Texas





SENT ON TRIAL





ERICAN





' 95 AND UPWARD

' AM

$ CREAM ' *

' Thousands In Use iffiié‘.i.if’f§§i?ri%2 l

your investigating our wonderful offer to V“





. _ urnish a brand new. well made. easy run-

ning, casdy cleaned. perfect skimming separator for only $15.95. Skims one

quartof milk A minute, warm or cold. Makcs thick or thin cream. Different from

this picture. which illustratcs our low priced large capacity machines. The bowl

is a sanitary marvel and embodies all our latest improvements.





Our Twenty-Year Guarantee Protects You





Our wonderfully low prices and hlgh quallty on all sizes and generous terms of

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make you wish In rxrhangr, do not fail to get our great ofier. Our richly illustrated catalog, .rnlrfrl't

ofrhnrge on request, is the most complete, elaborate and expensive book on Cream Separators issued by ‘

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and ice j‘ur young/f what a big money saving proposition we will make you. Address. . . l .w





AMERICAN SEPARATOR CO., Box 1061 Bainbridge, N. Y.





 





 





 





are never endangered as the





582 Silo Bldg.. Kansas City, Mo.





 





4|





 

 





\Vrite today for our catalog 1





balsam ROSS Silo





We use Guaranteed Long Leaf Yel-

low Pine that will last. longer than

. any other wood, except cypress. The



highest. possible grade 0! Oregon Fir

is used.



The Ross Silo has features that

are exclusive, and absolutely neces-

sary to make u good silo.





‘ FULLY GUARANTEED



i to be In represented. Our 63 yen" o!



mnnufncturing experience is valuable to you.

FREE catalog explains all. Writo for ino-



doy. Agents Wanted.





The E. W. Ross CO.,Box 14 Springfield.0.





 





' RED CEDAR doors with galv‘z‘d frame,

galv‘z‘d peened hoops.continuous opening, safe





fl chase, and right through including installation.

Catalog and facts from Cement and Tlla Dept. ]

' - 00 TANK & SILO CO., Kolamzoo, Mich.





 





 





 





 

 





and light. tractors.





 





employment for more help in the winter





time and, in all, make a larger business. ,





ELLIS ENGINE 00..





   





Run on Kerosene — 6c tor 10 H





Ellis Engines develop more power on cheap lamp oil than other on nes do on In h-

riced gasoline. Will also operate successfully on distillate. petrol, alEiohol or gasolif‘le.

trongest, simplest, most powerful engines made; only three working arts. No

cranking. no excessive weight. no carbonlzing. lean vibration. easy to opera?





Hove potent throttle, giving three engines in one; force-feed oller- automobile t. e muffler

ball-bearing governor adjustable while running and other exclusive features. yllun eltheli

way—reversible while runnln . Beat. engines for farm work, electric lighting, irrigation

II E U ROV IT—Every engine cent on 80 dayl'

npprovnl with freight pnid. lO-yonr Guarantee. Special factory prices now quoted on

all sizes, single nnd double cylinder. mean 3 big loving to you.

man. Write for his new 1914 catalog nnd lpoolnl discount. prices.

110 Mullett Street. Detroit, 1!





Thailand. of satisfied





   

 





 





 

 

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

   





e.





..
JAN. 17, 1914.





 





 

 





 





THE CLIPPER EXCELS





THE MOST PHOFITABLE WOHK THAT BAH BE DOHE 0H THE HIM





Is to select and clean all seeds and

a





 

 





grains for sowing. This will improve

the quality of the seed and bring it up

to the highest standard. It will im-

prove the quality, increase the

yield and free your land from

foul weeds. For this reason you

should reclean all clover and other

seeds that you buy before sowing.

This is just as important as it is to

clean your seed, grain and corn from

your granary before sowing.



Every farmer knows that Luge,

.Plump. Heavy kernels of seed. grain .-

or corn will produce more and '

stronger.plants, which will increase

the yield and improve the quality...

Admitting that this will benefit your "

crop only 10%. What would be your

gain for one year? To say nothing of

ridding your land of foul weeds. etc.



. The U. S. Agricultural Dept... State

Experimental Stations and all Promi-

nent Seed Houses use the "CLIPPER"

Cleaner: for doing just this kind of

work and recommend them. .

BECAUSE their experience has proven The "CLIPPER" to be the Most Successful Machine



for Grading and Cleaning All Seeds and Grains.

This machine will do the same high-grade work as our large $=00 machines.

Guarantee Satisfaction. Prepay the Freight. Give thirty Days’ Free

You To Be The So 0 Judge.

Three factors stand out prominently in farm progress—the soil, the working of same and

the seedy none of which can be neglected. if bigger and better crops are aimed at.

Distributing pomts in every grain growing state. Shall-we send you our catalog and terms?





A. T. FERRELL (3 COMPANY, Saginaw. Mich.





   





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

 





We Trial.





   

   

   

 





 

 





 





 





 





Will put your farm on a paying basis. It will help you make a profit rather than

sustain a loss. It operates on the cheapest grade KEROSENE. One man will do

the Work or tour. You will get your plowing, harrowing and discing done quicker

and better. TWO SIZES—16 H. l’.—pulls two plows. 25 H. P.—pulls four

plows. Plows are connected directly to the draw bar of the engine. You can back

them into the very corners of the field and plow every foot of land. Look at the

cut. Outfit turns square corners. Man stands in cab and handles plows easily.

Send us only a postal and tell us size of farm and which size you are interested in.





BATES TRACTOR COMPANY,

105 Bates Street, Lansing. Mich.





need the Spramotor to realize from your farm or

orchard, all that it can make for you—doing with-

out it is c05tl::-—’1‘HOL“.‘.ANDS OF DOLLARS are

lost yearly through ravages of bugs—pests~—germs

and blight upon plant life.

The increased yield in field, garden and orchard

crops at a cost of a few cents an Acre for spray-

ing will return DOLLAR S in extra profits.

You can pay for your equipment and BANK MON-

EY in one season from the increased yield you will

get by using the Spramotor. After caring for your

W W AKE BIG MONEY



M

spraying those of your neighbors and friends.

The hand power Spramotor sprays an acre of po-

tutocs effectively in 30 minutes—if (lone three





 





   

 

 





j.

a.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





Ill:





 





   

     

 





 

 





‘\ times in growing season often more than doubles

l 9‘... the yield. . . ‘

“r 5 3-. y\\%\ The President of the Micnigun State Horticultur-

N .‘kfi/A-D‘f,“ al Society says, “I have never seen so perfect an

' “D, equipment for spraying.” _

G. M. Maurer, New York, writes, “The Spramotor





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





I bought of yOu last season was put in test With

others and PROVE‘N TO BE THE BEST in every

way. In 21/1. hours the Spramotor did better and

as much work as could be done in 11 hours with





the next best.

FARMING





without this dividend paying farm efficiency machine is like

a carpenter trying to build a good house Without the necessary

tools. There is a Sprunotor built expressly for your needs.

Write for free catalog and proofs of What it can do for you.





 





   

 





 





 





SPRAMOTOR CO.





lo: Erie SL. Bu'falo, N. Y. I52 King 51.. London. 0m.





HARNESS





HORSE





COLLARS





Ask Your dealer for the label.





   

 

 





 





 





 





 





. . o

fib





 





Made and Warranted by





ARMSTRONG 8L GRAHAM





DETROIT.





WHOLESALE ONLY. ESTABLISHED I880.





HOW MUCH SILAGE AND GRAIN. TO

FEED—SILAGE FOR YOUNG

HEIFERS.



My cows are nearly all Holsteins. I

have good corn silage, timothy hay with

a little clover mixed in with it, shredded

corn fodder and good oat straw in the

barn. For grain I feed corn and oats

and cottonseed meal. I buy the lust men-

tioned feed. Give quantities of silage,

cottonseed meal, corn and cats I should

feed to each cow. I feed cottonseed meal

separately on silage. Is that proper?

Also have 20 head of spring heifer calves.

How should these be fed? Would silage



be all right for them?



Lenawee C0. 0. L. 0.





'The best rule you can go by in feeding



silage to dairy cows, growing cattle, or

sheep. is to feed them.twice a day all

they will eat up clean. It is the cheapest

feed and 'the best Led you can get. The

more silage you can get them to eat the

less you have got to feed them of some-

thing else in the form of roughage, and

the more money you will get out of your

animals, at least that is my experience.

So I would not limit them to any par—

ticular amount, but I would Simpiy feed

them what they will eat up clean with

no wasting. Cows or animals of any

kind can't do their best in the produc-

tion of milk or the making of growth on

a purely bulky ration and consequently

it» is economical to feed some grain in

connection with silage, or any roughage

for that matter. I don't think anybody

can improve very much upon your system

of feeding—feed all the silage they will

eat twice a day, all the hay they will eat

up clean once a day, and the other

roughage once a day. But the poorest

part of the roughage, like corn fodder

and straw, should be fed rather liberally

so as to give them a chance to‘pick out

the best of it.



Then corn and oats for the basis of

the grain ration is a. splendid food. You

can get nothing better.

are not rich enough in protein to balance

up a ration of corn siiagc and mixed hay,

and your cottonseed meal fills the bill

the best, probably, of any grain that you

could purchase. Now, as to the amount

of cottonseed meal, I am not prepared to

say how much you should feed. Your

cows are undoubtedly large cows and

heavy producers and they certainly want

more roughage and more grain than small

cows. In fact, we should feed a ration

in proportion to the size of the cow. If

your cows will Weigh 1400 or 1500 pounds

live weight then they should be allowed

more feed than cows weighing 1000 lbs.



I would begin the grain ration by feed-



ing two pounds of cottonseed meal to

each cow per day and enough of the corn

and oats to make a pound of grain for

every four pounds of milk. After the

cows are used to this ration, to the best

of them I would slowly increase the ra—

tion, until I found their capicity. You

can increase the cottonseed meal and the

other grain ration as Well. Gradually in-

crease as long as you think the cows will

pay for the additional feed. If you will

weigh and test your milk you can easily

ascertain when that limit is reached. If

you want to make records of course you

pay no attention to the cost, but if you

are in the business for the dollars and

cents there is in it, then there is no use

in producing anything unless it is pro-

Rluced economically, that is, unless it is

Eproduced at a profit, and so the amount

gof grain fed ought to be governed by the

profit which the cow makeS.

i There is no better feed for growing

iheifers than silage. You can feed it with

ithe assurance that you can get nothing

i’better. These young heifers, however,

flike cows, will do better and you can

(feed more economically, if you will give

lthem a little grain in connection with the

roughage. Of course, they ought to have

one feed of hey a day also, but I would

give these growing heifers very little cot-

tonseed meal, a handful would do them

good, however.





 





 





FORTY POUNDS 0F SILAGE PER DAY.





 





Would you give me the best and cheap-

cst grain ration to buy for milch cows.

I have silage with plenty of corn in it,

some cornstalks and alsike hay which

got a little ripe. This is my first year

with the silo. I have been feeding some

oil meal and bran. Is 40 lbs. of silage per

day plenty for the average cow?



Newaygo Co. P. C.



Forty pounds of silage per day is a

good liberal feed for ordinary COWS. Per-

haps it is better to state it this way, that

40 pounds of silage for a 1000-lb. cow is

very liberal feed. Very few cows weigh-

ing 1000 lbs. will eat 40 lbs. of silage if

they have good clover hay as a part of

the roughage and if they are fed fairly

liberally with grain. Where they have





 





a good variety in the ration with the





These two grai ns‘





proper amount of concentrates in the ra-

tion you will find that 30 lbs. per day

per 1000-lb. cow will be about all they

will, eat. On the other hand, if ye." have

large cows that weigh 1200 and 1500 lbs.,

then 40 lbs. of corn silage would not be

so liberal a ration. This must be taken

into consideration. Really the only rule

to follow is to give the cow all the corn

silage She will eat up clean twice a day,

no matter whether it is 25 lbs. or 40 or

50 lbs. It isu the cheapest food you can

get. .



Bran and oil meal are splendid feeds to

feed in connection with corn silage and

corn stover and aisike hay for roughage.

I-think in :his caSe you could use corn

meal or ground oats and not feed quite

so much bran and oil meal and get just

as good results, and it will make the ra-

tion a. little bit cheaper. If you feed a

pound of this grain to every four pounds

of milk you will have plenty if not more

than is necessary of protein in the ra-

tion. If you mix in another food not

quite so rich in protein it will cost you

less money and give you just as good

results.





WILL IT PAY TO FEED BEET PULP?





 





As I wish some information from good

authority, am writing to The Farmer. I

would like to know if it will pay to feed

beet pulp at $21 a ton? The beet supply

is limited and have no Silage. Would it





pay to feed the beet pulp as a succulent“.





food? If so, how many pounds should

each cow receive daily?

Sanilac Co. W. J. W.

has





I am of the opinion where one

no corn silage or roots of any kind like

beets or rutabagas or turnips to furnish

a succulent food in the ration, that it

would pay to feed dried beet pulp, and I

would recommend wetting it five or six

hours before feeding. It will absorb a

Iot of water and swell up so that it is a

good substitute for a succulent food.

\Vhere beet pulp is used in this way to

furnish part of the grain ration as well

as a succulent part of the ration it is a

difficult matter to say how much one can

afford to feed. I would say that probably

you could afford to feed five pounds of

the dried pulp to each cow. That is. if

you had 20 cows feed them 100 lbs. of

the dried beet pulp twice a. day. Take

the 100 lbs. of pulp and wet it five or

six hours before feeding, and then di-

vide it up equally. or nearly so among

the 20 cows. Besides this you should

feed a. dry roughage, hay and straw,

feeding as much as the animals will eat

without wasting. Then feed a grain ra-

tion containing a sufficient amount of

protein to balance up the beet pulp and

the other roughage so as to give a nutri-

tive ratio of about one to seven or one

to six. You can figure beet pulp as con-

taining just about the same per cent of

protein as corn meal. If you will do this

I think you will obtain good results from

the beet pulp. But where one has corn

silage and plenty of it, 'or has plenty of

roots, there is not the necessity for buy-

ing beet pulp.





SOY BEAN STRAW FOR COWS.





 





Have read in Michigan Farmer at dif-

ferent times the balanced ration for cows

but it seems they do not feed in them

the roughage that I feed. I hzive corn

fodder, white bean and soy bean straw,

also ensilage. \Vould you kindly tell me

what grain would you feed for best re-

sults? I have quite a lot of ground ryc.

\Vould you advise feeding any to cows?



Kalkaska Co. L. C.



SOy bean straw is as rich in protein as

clover hay. Ordinary bean straw is also

about as rich in protein as clover hay.

Therefore you can figure, so far as bal-

ancing a ration is concerned, that you

are feeding corn Stover, or cornstalks,

clover hay and corn silage. In other

words, you could suit the grain ration

to a roughage containing clover hay and

the other coarse feeds. Now corn and

(ats ground together with two pounds of

cottonseed meal or oil meal, would make

a splendid ration. Ground rye, or rye

meal, is not considered a very good ra-

tion for dairy cows, because cows don’t

like it very weil. That is the principal

reason. If you have hogs and can use

the ground rye for hogs I would prefer to

do it rather than to feed it to the cows,

but on the other hand, if you have the

rye meal and want to convert it into mon-

ey it will do no harm to feed it to the

cows. For instance, if you would feed'

rye meal and the ground oats mixed to.

gether half and half, it would make a.

good ration. Or you could feed corn,

oats and rye in equal parts, and then ,

feed about two pounds a. day of cotton-

reed meal or oil meal. This will balance .

up your ration and make a splendid

grain feed. I
JAN. 17, 1914.





Practical





 





filillllll





THE CITY MILK) SUPPLY.





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

The TOWn and the City.



As we have shown, the problem of sup-

plying pure milk to the city of Detroit is

considerably different than supplying milk

to smaller towns chiefly because of the

complications of the transportation fac-

tor. To offset these complications in a

measure the city distributing agents gen-

erally have better facilities for distribut-

ing the milk than does the milkman in

the small town. But he does not have

as good a product, everything else being

equal, to start with as does the man 111

the small community.



The Clty Mllk Inspectors.



As the country has become more thick-

ly populated the cities have become larg-

er, and more attention has been paid to

the problem of dairying. Larger units

have been building and with the building

of the larger units much ‘greater atten-

tion is being paid to the factors of sani-

tation. A considerable amount of bad

feeling has been engendered between city

health officers, city milk inspectors and

the producers of milk in the country. As

an incident to the marketing of milk in

the city the city ordinances have invested

with boards of health the power to inspect

the premises of the dairyman who is fur-

nishing milk to the city. Of course, it

must be apparent to any citizen that the

legislative body of the city of Detroit,

for instance, the common council, has no

authority whateVer to prescribe rules or

regulations which will be binding on the

dairyman living outside of the jurisdiction

of the city of Detroit, but without ques-

tion, the city council has the authority to

say What grade and quality of milk may

be marketed in the city and if as an in-

cident to the acceptance of a certain milk

the council requests that the dairyman

furnishing that milk must permit the city

milk inspector to examine his premises

where this commodity is produced, it

seems perfectly reasonable to us that

this candition is not only legal but is a

just and wise provision of law. This has

caused at times a great deal of enmity,

particularly between the city health offi-

cers and the producer in the country. In

our judgment a good deal of this ill feel-

ing is uncalled for, if not practically all

of it.



Farmers Don’t Like to be Ordered.



We know full well that inspectors are

all too prone to look at the authoritative

pOSition which thcy hold and wield their

power in an arbitrary manner when ap—

proaching the farmer. It seems to us to

be an inborn trait of the American peo-

Dle to resent the statement of, or even

the inference of, any man that he shall

be compelled to do, or prevented from do-

ing any one thing which is not a crime.

Naturally enough, therefore, when a milk

inspector goes to a dairyman and tells

him that he muSt put in so many win-

dows in his barn; that he must provide,

perhaps, certain styles of floor in his sta-

ble; or certain styles of stall for his cat-





tle; or that he should do one of many

things which the farmer has heretofore

conSidered unnecessary, we say, it is not





to be wondered at that the dairyman re-

sents such interference with his personal

privileges. We think, we have been as

severe in the requirements which we have

imposed on dairymen and the restrictions

which we have placed around the sale of

this commodity, as any official; and yet

it has been Our distinct pleasure to know

that we have not met any serious diffi-

culty throughout the state

the provisions of the state and city dairy

laWS and ordinances. This clearly indi—

cates to us, therefore, that most of the

difficulty entailed may be avoided by the

exercise of good common sense on the

part of the milk inspectors.

Tell Him the Truth but Tell It Courte.

ously. ,

There is no need of mincing matters

‘ with the dairyman that certain definite

requirements must be lived up to if he

is to be permitted to market his milk in

the city, and with a certain low percent-

age of exceptions we. feel there will be

no difficulty in convincing the dairyman

that this is a just and wise provision, nor

if the way is pointed out to him will

there be great difficulty in securing his

co-operation. But, as we stated at the

beginning. of this series of articles, the

most of the difficulties arise through a

lack of understanding between the con-





...liilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllliilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllli llllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllfl





g





IEillllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll|||lllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll |IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIlllllllll|lllllI|lllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllllIlllllIlillllllIll|lllll|llIIIIllllllllllllllllllll





in enforcing.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





Scicncc.





sumer and the official in the city on the

one hand, and the producer in the coun-

try, on the other. The consumer does

not understand at all, or appreciate, we

may say, in the least degree the prob-

lem which the supplying of milk to a

city involves. At the same time the offi-

cial invested with the enforcement of the

city ordiance is the hub of quite an im-

pOrtant machine through which he must

work to secure results. and his inspec-

tors, naturally enough, perhaps, do not

feel that they have time to consider sym-

pathetically the dairyman‘s phase of the

proposition. They must make many in-

spections to get over their territory. It

is, however, decidedly better for an in-

spector to make one-half the number of

inspections that may be made and go

from these farmers with a. feeling that

the co—operation of the farmer has been

secured than to leave him unsettled.

without any definite understanding of

what he is going to do to accomplish the

results which the inspector tells him

must be accomplished before his product

may be admitted to the city market.

Better Mllk Inspectors Needed.



Manifestly the best solution of this

matter is for the city health authorities

to use greater discrimination in the se-

lection of milk inspectors. We doubt if

thoroughly competent milk inspectors

will be selected by the prevailing meth-

ods of civil service examination. So

much depends upon the individual factor

that unless we are willing to permit an

injury to be done to the producer we

must secure milk inspectors who have

ability enough to know what they are do-

ing and secure the respect of the pro-

ducer, and at the same time who have

sufficient judgment and\common sense

not to antagonize him but to promote in

his mind the spirit of fellowship and co-

operation which is absolutely neceSSury

to the working out of this great problem.



Between the Two Horns.



The distributer‘of milk in the city, it

may be seen, in a way must bear the

brunt of the dissatisfaction of both fac-

tions. The product which he sells which

has been produced in the country cannot

be marketed by him unler it conforms

directly to the city ordinance. At the

same time he, of all the factors concern.





ed, knows most clearly how much this

commodity, milk, is needed, and to se-

cure the quality which is demanded by

law and at the same time to secure the





quantity which is demanded by the con-

sumers of the city, is no small task. For

he has the consumer demanding more

milk of him, a demand which would tend

to make him exert cvery energy he has to

secure milk in any territory contiguous

to, the city; on the other hand, he has

the city milk inspectors who are contin-

ually, by their methods of inspection, cut-

ting down his supply of milk. This con-

dition is going to produce a better quality

of milk but the city naturally is going to

pay a higher cost to get this milk.



The Distributor’s Share of the Blame.



By no means does all of the blame for

poor milk rest with the producer of milk.

If he is delivering to the distributing

agent at the railroad station, he is prob—

ably taking,r his cans home which have

been cleaned and perhaps sterilized for

him by the distributing agent. Very feW

dairymen have proper facilit'es for con-

veniently cleaning and sterilizing their

cans and milk utensils. It is only in the

larger dairy units that this matter is

more properly taken care of.



Milk may be reasonably clean and free

from large numbers of bacteria when

poured from the milk pail into the can

in which it is to be carried to the fac-

tory, but if that can has not been thor—

oughly cleaned at the station it may be

the means of the gross contamination 0f

the patron's milk. , At certain seasons of

the year, likewise, milk must be quite

well surrounded by ice in order to pre-

vent the rapid growth of bacteria. It

may even reach the station at the de-

sired temperature but if proper refrig-

erating facilities are not there provided;

if it is allowed to remain on the station

platform for an hour or so before the de-

parture of the train; or if the train when

it does arrive does not contain proper re-

frigerating facilities, the milk which may

have been produced by the dairyman

comparatively free from gross contamina-

tion, it may be seen, is in an entirely





different condition when it reaches the

city milk distributor.





 





.___fi





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Established 1843.





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Michigan. postofiioe. Copyright 1914.





DETROIT, JAN. 17,1914.





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





—.__-





The United States



Future Development Department of Ag-

of Agriculture. riculture has made

an estimate based



upon - reports of 35,000 correspondents:

that only 27 per cent of the tillablc land

of the l‘nitcd States is actually under cul—





tivation. The entire United Statcs. ex-

cluding foreign possessions, contains





about 1,900,000.00!) acres, of which area





about 60 per cent, or 1,140,000,000 acres is,





estimated to be tilluble. This estimate

includes lands already under cultivation

and such as may in the future be brought

under cultivation by clearing, drainage

and irrl g-tion. An additional 361.000.000

acres, or 19 Del cent of the total are es-

timated to be available for pasture and

fruits, while 399,000,000 acreS. or 21 per

cent, is estimated to be of no use for ag-

ricultura‘. purposes. The land in crops.

according to the census of 1909 was 31].'—

000,000 acrcs, which is about 16 per cent

of the total land area, or 27 per cent of

the estimated tiliable area of the ['nited

States.



In the detailed e-‘timatcs for the sates.

it is interesting to note that the percent-





ages for Michigan are about even with





the above estimatcs for the entire coun-

try. The total land area in Michigan is

given at ‘:7 ,000 000 aues of which 84 Del

ccnt is estimated to be tillnhlc. nine peI

cont non-tillabic, but available for pas-

ture and sevc'n per cent of no value for

agricultural purposes. The percentage of

land arc-.1 in crops according to the 1909

census was 22 per cent, while the figures

for the pcrcvntage of the estimated total

of tillable land which was in crops in

1909 are given as 27 per cent, or the same

percentage us for thc country as n wholc.

The estimated total of land which may

in the future become tiilable. as compared

to‘ that now under cultivation, is given as

3.8 acres for every aci'c now devoted to

crops as compared to an estimate of 3.7

acres for each acre now devoted to crops

in the country at large.



These figures should be rcassuring to

those who have prophesied that we were

nearing the limit of agricultural produc—

tion in this country. They are, of course.

simply Isthnntcs, yet the average of es-

timates made by a large number of cor-

respondent.“ is likcly to be somewhere

near the truth as to actual conditions. It

must be remembered, however, that in

Michigan, as in the country at large, the

lands which have been improved for agri-

cultural purposes are either among the

better of our agricuitural lands, or those

which were most easily and cheaply im-

proved. I’nque‘tionably, there are large

areas of undeveloped agricultural lands

in the state which will compare favorably

with those already under cultivation, but

the bulk of these will be developed at a

somewhat higher cost, particularly where

their improvement involves large drainage

schemes, as compared with the cost of

the development of our older agricultural

lands. Also labor cost is now higher than

was the case when the bulk of our older

lands were developed.





‘ Rural Credit.





THE‘ MICHIGAN FARMER‘





That the future development of our ag-

riculture will be sufficiently rapid to take

care of the demands for home consump—

tion, would appear to, be well assured if

the prices for agricultural products are

maintained at a level which wiZl make

such development Work profitable. .VVheth-

er open competition in the production of

foodstuffs with foreign countries where

cheaper labor prevails will retard the de-

velopment of these lands, remains to be

seen. In any event, hOWever, the making

of a farm home upon the better class of

undeveloped lands in Michigan would

seem bound to be a profitable proposition,

since the home-owning farmer is at lean

sure of a living, and the ultimate advance

in land values will be such as to afford

the pioneer in home development on the

unimproved lands a substantial pro‘it, ev-

en though the apparent profit from his

farming operations may seem to be small

in the intervening years.





Our W'aShington corre-

spondent is authority for

the statement that the bill

drafted by the United States Commission

on . gricultural Credits, providing for a

new system of farm credits, has been

completed and submitted to President

Vi'ilson and the Senate and House banking

and currenCy committees. It is stated

that this bill is deSigned to supplement

the new currency law, its salient features

being as follows: Farm land banks to be

created in the various states to supple-

ment federal reserve System of the cur-

rency law; a commissioner of farm land

banks to have general control as a fed-

eral official and federal fiscal agent to

supervise the operations of each of these

lard mortgage banks, said banks to have

federal charters like present national

banks. These banks would issue deben-

tures as their direct obligations, the pro-

ceeds of such debentures to he loaned to

farmers on first mortgages, farmers’

mortgages to bear a higher interest rate

than the debentures, and the difference

to constitute the profit of the new banks.

These banks might be formed by private

capitalists or on the non—profit seeking,

co-operative basis their securities to be

exempt from taxation. Farmers would

repay their loans through “amortization"

~—that is, in small fixed annual install-

ments.



it is reported that considerable oppo-

sition to the measure will develop, par-

ticularly among certain senators and rep-

resentatives who believe that the opera—

tion of the system should.be left to the

Department: of Agriculture rather than to

the 'l‘reaSury Department. Further de—

tails of this proposed law will be present-

ed as their discussion in Congress pro-

grasses.



As usual at this season of

the year numerous com-

plaints are heard regard—

ing the 'depredntions of



hunters, especially in the vicinity of the



larger cities and towns, from which many

irresponsible and unsportsmanlike hunt-

ers swarm over the surrounding country

t‘llt‘ll n'cck end. At last country senti-

ment on this snbjcct seems to be crystal-



lizing into Organized action in a few 10-

calities, which lends cnctouuycmcnt to

the thought that bettcr DTOteC‘tifll’l from

this I‘Iuisancc may he afforded to the

farmers of the state in the not distant

future.



A recent press report states that a

committee appointed by the president'of

the Kalamazoo County Farm Bureau ha:~‘

reported in favor of asking for an amend—

ment to the general game low of the

state by the striking out of the provision

which requires the posting of notices for-

bidding hunting on enclosed private prem—

iscs' III order to prevent such trespass.

thus making the law itself sufficient no-

tice. the investigations of the committee

having brought information from many

firmera that such notices were deStroyed

as fast as they were placed. It was de-

cided to circulate a petition throughout

the state embodying this idea, the same

to be presented to the Legislature next

year. The report also favored the enact-

menLOf a generalgun and .rod license

law. The report was presented to a local

Grange meeting, a majority of'the mem-

bers expreSSing themselves in favor of

Such legislation.



In one township of Tuscola county a

society was recently organized known as

the Farmers' Game Protective Associa-

tion, and a vigilance committee has been

appointed to suppress the depredations of

irresponsible hunters. Farmers in this

section of the state have been aroused to

this action as a result of the destruction

of fences, gates and other property by.





The Hunting

Nuisance.





this class of hunters. The organization

will seek to punish offenders, protect

game and make legitimate hunting more

of a pleasure to themselves and to those

hunters who have some regard for the

rights of property owners.



This object embodies the general senti-

ment of the farmers of the state on the

hunting proposition. Complaint against

irresponsible hunters has been general

and well—founded for many years. and the

situation grows worse inStead of better

with the growing scarcity of wild game

in the agricultural sections of the state.

Organized effort will do more to mitigate

the‘evil in a short time than general com-

plaint and individual effort would in a

generation. The farmers of other sec-

tions of the state should foliow the lead





. in this. direction, as by so doing they will





have taken the first necessary step in the





securing of adequate protection from the





generally recognized hunting nuisance.





An interesting record of

a year's operation of an

11. inois farm is presented

in the “Farm Manage-

ment Monthly,” published by the Depart-

ment of Agricultuie for circulation among

the Farm Management field men, or

County Agricultural Agents, as they are

often de-“ignated in the north. This farm

contained 213 acres of land valued at $175

per acre, the total investment amounting

to $47,142.09 at the beginning of 1912, as

shown by inventory record. The receipts

for the year plus the increase in the in-

ventory were $16,181.93. while the dis-

bursements for the year were $11,730.44,

leaving a. net income for the farm of

$4,451.49. As stock feeding was followed





Farm Profit vs.

Land Values.





on' this farm. the investment at certain





seasons of the year was much. heavier

than at the time of inventory, it being

estimated that the total investment was

above $80,000 at certain periods of the

year. Figuring interest on ,the average

investment at $4,188.28 left the labor in-

come for the management of the farm

.only $263.21. Thus it will be seen that on

very high-priced land a large and appar-

ently profitable business can bedone

without a high remuneration for the ac-





tual management and direction of the





farms. business by the owner, and such

labor as he does himself on the farm

which in this case was probably consid-

emble because this represented a labor

income of a father and son, and while

there was an apparent profit in this yéar’s

business of nearly $4,500, most of it was

represented by interest on capital inveSted.



These records do not take into ac-

count the benefits received by the family

from a home and living on the farm.

Vi'hcn this fact is considered, the owner

of this farm has littie cause for com-

plaint, and may be considered at leaSt as

successful as the average man, but .this

case serves to illustrate the relation of

the farm land values to actual net profit

in farming. Had the value of this land

been $75 per acre, instead of $175, it

would have reduced the interest on the

investment figured at five per cent by

$1,065, leaving a very respectabie labor

income for the operation of the farm.

This illustrates the advantage of making

farm investments in a state like Michi-

gan, wheie form values are still compaI‘-

atively low as compared with some of

the adjacent states to the south. There

is a far better opportunity to make an

actual profit in farming above the inter—

est on the capital invested anrl a reason-

able labor income for the farmer and his

famiiy, while there is every prospect of

making an ultimate profit on the increafi—

ed value of the land. for there is no

question but that land values in Michi-

gan will increase so as to be more nearly

on a par with land values in the states

mentioned. This item of unearned incre-

ment has been a prominent factor in the

accumulations of present day Michigan

farmers and their pioneer forefathers,

and there is every reason to believe that

It will be a like factor in the accumula-

tion of a 00mpetence by those who now

invest in Michigan farm lands.





 





THE MAN WHO GETS AHEAD;





 





Modern farming, like modern manufac-

turing is on a highly competitive basis.

Vile must keep up with the times to make

a profit, and the man who makes the

greatest profit is the man ahead of the

times.



In this day no farmer could go back to

hand labor, for his cost of production

would be greater than his crop is worth;



Many a good farmer keeps ahead of

his neighbor by carefully reading the ad-





'vertising in his farm paper.





JAN. 17, 1914.»





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.





The strike situation in the copper

country of Michigan remains unchanged.

The visit of Governor Ferris last week

resulted in an announcement that both

parties Were partly to blame for the ex-

isting conditions, and that it lay within

the power of the leaders of the miners

and the operators to settle the matter.

Governor Ferris has submitted proposi-

tions for the settlement of the strike to

the operators but has not yet received

their reply. He also anticipates a. report

of the state labor commission about the

middle of the week on the number of men

now employed in the st‘ike district. It

appears that the federal department of

labor is largely in sympathy with the at-

titude of the minors. The conditions of

the striking miners has been made much

less tolerable by the cold wave which

swept over the district early in the week.

Many calls for assistance were made, but

it appears that there have been thus far

ample supplies at hand to meet the de-

mands.



The commission appointed by Federal

Judge Aldrich to inquire into the sanity

of Harry K. Thaw has reported to the

court that they find Thaw free from

mental ills claimed to have been present

when he slew Stanford White, and the

commission stated that they believed that

society would be protected if the slayer

were set free on bail. '



The Michigan sanitary live stock com‘

mission has inaugurated an animal de—

portation plan looking toward the protec-

tion of breeders of this state and the

public health. The Michigan law requires

that every importation of live stock for

breeding purposes be guaranteed, inspect-

ed and accompanied by a bona fide health

certificate.



The twenty—fourth international con-

vention of the United Mine Workers of

America will convene in Indianapolis on

January 20. It is announced that the

leaders of the miners are working on a

new scale of wages which they hope to

have adopted by the operators. The pres-

ent contract of the miners expires on

March 31.



The board of officers selected by Secre-

tary of War Daniels have reported their

recommendations that every war ship

should» be equipped with one aeroplane;

the use of dirigible balloons be instituted

and the concentration of all naval aero-

nautical training work at Pensacola, F1a.,

effected.



.-\n attempt will be made to have Con-

gress investigate the charges that United

States prisoners have been used by a

medical college at Atlanta, Georgia, for

clinical purposes, the prisoners being kept

under anaesthetics many hours while

demonstrations were made.



The Michigan State Grange through its

legislative committee is seeking signatures

of 55,000 voters for the purpose of getting

laws passed providing for a half-cent ton-

nage tax on copper and the introduction

of the Torrens system of land transfer

and an amendment to the constitution

providing for the recail of judges.



Two men were hurt by an explosion

while testing boilers at Cadillac, Jan. 11.

Unknowu to the men the boilers had run





‘dry while there was a considerable head





of steam, which caused the accident.



George W. Peckham, nationally known

as an educator. author and entomologist

died in his home in Milwaukee, Wis.,

last Sunday at the age of 68 years



Bandits looted a mail car on the South-

ern Pacific Railroad near Los Angeles,

Cal., last Saturday night.





Foreign. ,



The Mexican rebels have succeeded in

gaining control of northern Mexico. This

was accomplished last week when the

rebels under General Villa captured Ojin-

aga, a stronghold occupied by federal

troops for several weeks past and located

opposite Presidio, Texas. The federals

and their generals escaped to the Ameri-

can side and were taken in charge by the

hordes-patrol of American troops. There

were 2,800 men and six generals in the

remnant of Huerta's army which endeav—

ored to hold the northern states for their

chief, Now that General Villa has been

successful in the north he is reported as

having decided upon a campaign in the

eastern part of the country and will take

his troops by boat to a. point where he

can make an attack upon Vera. Cruze

after the capture of which he will begin

a march upon Mexico City, the strong-

hold of Huerta. The taking of Ojinaga

in the north is generallly considered to

have greatly increased the power of Gen-

eral Villa.



Reports of the rebellion in Hayti state

that the rebels are getting the better of

the federals whose control, it is asserted,

cannot last but a few weeks longer



While a. gencial railway strike seemed

imminent in South Africa. last week, gen-

eral meetings held since have shown the

workmen somewhat divided in the mat—

ter of walking out, and this has tempor—

arily quieted the situation.



The Chinese parliament which has been

virtually non-existent for the past several

months has been formally dissolved by

proclamation. It is now intended that the

administration will draft a constitution.

The extremists are expected topersist in

their efforts to inaugurate another re-

beliion.



Albania is reported in a most pitiful

condition on account of the wars that

have devastated the country, brought

business to a. standstill, discouraged im—

ports of foodstuffs and made it impossible

to raise enough food for home consum-

tion. Flour and meats are selling at ex-

orbitant prices.- Private advises state

that in many districts the inhabitants

face starvatIOn.



Excessive rains have caused consider-

able damage in Belgium, ‘where floods

have become general. The cold wave

which swept the country early this week

brought temporary relief, although the

damage already done has been large





 





 





- fife”-..
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





-. IT? A





wig/1.11» «1,; Fl





 





 





‘17Ie FARM BOY



an? GIRL '

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of opr paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





flndians Who Are Expert





By E. I. FARRINGTON.





HE Pueblo Indians of New Mexico



were good farmers long before the



Pilgrim fathers ever stuck a spade

into the soil of the new w01-1d. They are

good farmers today, with great flocks of

sheep, which bring their owners much

money and gaze peacefully, without a

thought of tariff tinkering.



W'hen the Spanish adventurers invaded

the west they found the Pueblos living

in much the same fashion that they live

now. They were about the same in num-

bers, too—between nine and ten thou-

sand. Compared with the Navahos, the

Apaches and other tribes, they were

highly civilized even then. They lived in

\\al‘ed cities, had a well organized form

of govelnment, were keen traders and in-

telligent tille1s of the soil.



The Spanish priests nominally convert-

ed them to CatholiciSm, but while the

church marries, confesses and buries

them, they cling steadfastly to the ex—

ceedingly complex rites and superstitions

which they have treasured for centuries

untold. They are in the curious position

of having a dual religion, one-half of

which is Christian and the .other half

pagan. Strangely enough, they seem

equally sincere in both halves.



The question of woman’s suffrage 110de

no interest for the wives and the daugh-

ters of the PuebloS. Among them wornan

already occupies a position which is far

ahead of that held by the women of Eng-

land. Descent with them is always in the

female line, and the children take the

name of the mother's clan. The women

are accounted the owners of all the

household goods except the husband’s

personal belongings, and if a man is so

thoughtless as to beat his Wife. she can

evict him with but slight difficulty. The

crops and the flecks are the husband’s

but when they are sold the wife must

share in the proceeds. Pueblo Indians

never make pack horses of their wives

but treat them with kindness and as

equals. They dress well, too, these wo‘m-

e11, their native house dresses often being

worth as much as twenty-five dollars. Of

late, though, there has been a tendency

to invest in the cheap apparel made for

the women of the cities, and the result

has not been to increase their charm.



Nobody can safely guess as to the com-





los were located on high table lands

known as mesas, often very difficult of

accesS. The outside walls of the build-

ings were built of adobe or stone and

were punctured neither by windows nor

doors. The only way to get in was to

climb a ladder to the roof and descend

through an opening there. In this man—

ner the Pueblos were able to protect

themselves with but little difficulty from

the raids of their hereditary enemies, the

Navahos, and other war-like tribes.

Most interesting of all their towns is

Acoma, with a present population of 600

people. How o‘.d it is no one can know.

Ci-itainly it was ancient when the Span-





   





.¢;>'_ 1..





First and last the Pueblos are farmers.

Many of them have come down to the

plains to live, now that danger from the

sudden attacks of wandering Navaho

hands no longer exists, but some, like the

residents of Acoma, still dwell in their

cliff homes, although they often spend

much of the summer on the lower level,

where their fields and flocks are. \Yhile

dwelling in their elevated homes, the pen-

pie of Acorns. drive their herds of horses

and burros up a trail of recent date, by

means of which the animals are able to

reach the top of the mesa, where there

are forty or titty corrals.



Life with all the Pueblos is a strange





Farmers.





Wool help: to increase the profits of the

Pueblo farmers and to make them inde-

pendent of Uncle Sam and his .15.»: cuts.

They own nearly 96,000 acres of Lind,

most of which is good only for grazing,

but certain sections near the streams

have been made ready for the plow by

means of irrigating ditches. Irrigation is

no new thing to the Pueblos. They were

practicing it long before a national de-

partment of agriculture had been dream—

CL] of.



\Vhat with the products of their fields,

with their own mutton and with the veni-

son which the hunters bring in. their

larders are always full. Feasting one day

and stazving the next is no part of the

’ueblo scheme of life. For winter use





 





One of the rudely constructed Corrals in which the Pueb|05 “Stable” their Live Stock.





iards discovered it. How few Americans

realize that there is anything of this sort

in their own country! The wonderful

rock on which the town stands is 7,000

feet above the level of the sea. On top,

the solid walls of the houses rise three

stories high. And among them is the

great church, built with marvelous toil

and paticnccA—a church covering more

ground probably than any other in the

l’nited States. Every timber and stone

in that church ‘had to be carried by hand





admixture of the old and the new. For

the most part the family customs of cen-

tuiies aie held as jealously sa cred as ever.

but the value of modem inventions has

not been ignored and we find them using

:‘tecl p‘ows, comfortable buggies, good

wagons and even tl1‘esiiing machines.

Horses and burros are in common use.

The burros are wonderful little animals

and almost indispensal'ile. "l‘hough dimin—

utive in size they are marvelously tough

and ru" cwged They find a footing where





 





 





Sheep belonging to Pueblo lndians.

ing of the Pueblos to the great Smith-





w.est There are scores of ruins which-





must have been occupied ages ago, ruins

as picturesque as any found abroad. In

fact, if the Pueblos and their natural

surroundings could be transplanted to

Europe, Americans would rush to see

them by the thousands.



In former days the towns of the Pueb-





1





up the steep and winding paths to the top

of the mesa and up ladders where there

Were no paths. In front of the church

is a cemetery made literally by hand, for

high stone walls were first conStructed

and then filled with earth brought from

the plain below. People who talk about

lazy Indians are not acquainted with the

Pueblo.





Good grazing and Natural Water make this a favored Branch of their Farming.





almost no other animal could, and will

cheerfully carry burdens under which

they are nearly eclipsed.



The Pueblos grow grapes, corn. beans,

melons, squashes, tobacco, chile, wheat

and peaches, the latter having been in-

troduced by the early Spanish mission-

aries. Thousands of dollars’ worth of

grapes are sold and much Wine is made.





the peaches and melons are dried. the

chile is p.1rcl1ed and in the livinv—room

the jerked mutton, and yin ison are seen

hanging from the rafters.



The, grain is ground into meal on flat

stones or slabS, which are also to be

iound in their proper places in the liv—

ing-room. The bread is baked on heated

slabs, but wood is 115ml economic-illy, for

it has to be brought from points lone; dis-

tant on the backs of burros.



Forn'ichy the men did a. great amount

of weaving, but with the growth of their

agricultural operations this form of labor

has been largely given over to the wom-

(-11 or abandoned. The Pueblos taught

the NaVahos how to “cave and now are

among the latters’ bcrt customers.



The women do the cooking: and prepare

the meal by grindingr the grain. For the

most part. the. housihold duties are not

Very different from tiwist) of our own

homes. (me daily task. however, would

not be relished by Whit(' women. although

it might St‘l'V‘O to give, them the line tig-

ui'es which they cravo and to teach them

to walk more gram-filly than most of

them walk: this task is carrying the, wat—

er from the springs or reservoirs. This

work is not distasteful to the l’ueblo

housewives. nor do they find it hard: they

simply till the large jars which they use,

raise them to their heads and walk away

briskly and easily with them balanced

there. They think nothing of “hiking up

or down a steep ladder with a water jar

on the head. At Acoma the water is

stored in a great stone reservoir which

catches enough rain so that there se'dom

is any lack, and in the rocky basin the

water is kept cool and palatable at all

times. Small basins in, the rock serve as

tubs when the women do their laundry

work.



Simple though their lives may seem at





first, the Pueblos are a mysterious peo-





ple. The inner meaning,r of their pagan

ceremonies has never been learned. The

snake dance of the HopiF. a division of

the Pueblos has often been described,

but other dances and forms are never
62—14





witnessed by outsiders. Certain offerings

lncantations are necessary. the farm-

ers beiieve to make sure of good crops,

and others to ward off evil. Yet they.are

intelligent and suppOSed to be good Chris-

tians. They are queer contradictions.

As animal husbandmen the I’uebloe are

rather fortunate, for the climate is so

warm that little protection is needed by

the animals. The corrals are often rudely

made of stakes stuck upright into the

ground close together. Appearance counts

for little. so they are allowed to remain

at whatever length they happen to come.

In one section of the corral a rough shel-





(‘1'





TH E MICHIGAN FARM EK

Tunis Sheldon. seemed to View the sit-

uation as one of more than custOmary





ter is constructed‘ and the hay piled on





top. The animals are thus given'protec-

tion, while the fodder is kept out of their

reach. The poultry wander around at





large and often include turkeys,

birds have been raised by the Pueblos

tor a great many years.



Out on the grazing grounds the sheep

have little competition. At one time a

considerable effort was made by white

cattle breeders to raise their animals on

the broad ranges of New Mexico, but the

plan was not very successful and ‘ulti-

mately most of the cattle were shipped

away, leaving the sheep supreme.





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllEllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllll





The Calculating Barber.





By WILL H. GREENFIELD





Ul\ IS SHELDON dropped down in

I \\ a:rington at the c10se of asum-



mer’s day as if. to use the com-

mon expression in which the \Varring-

tonians were wont to formulate the fact

of his sudden appearance, “he had fallen

out of the skies.” In order that there

shall be no mistake as to the meaning

of these good people, it is only fair to

explain that while they located heaVenly

appertainings in the skies, they had no

thought of attributing angelic qualities or

celestial attributes to the newcomer. They

merely meant to convey the idea that he

came suddenly, unheralded. and nobody

knew where from.



Sheldon himself was a man

stature and rounded sho‘ulders. with a

massive head and desolate face. The

forehead was broad and the nose aquiline.





of small





but these signs of intellectual strength

were offSet by the dull and lack-itistre

eyes, as though a fool looked upon the





a wise ‘rnan's mask.

And yet the manners of a gentleman

seemed to lurk beneath an exaggerated

servility. \Vhen he opened his barber

shop in \Varrington his first patrons Wcl‘e

given large returns for their money and

became themSelves great advertising fac-

tors for his place. Myer Vatman. the

only other barber in town, began to lose

customers rapidly. He was old—fashioned,

slow, and not particularly obliging. Be-

ing one of the last to desert him I was

given a hearty welcome at Sheldon's

shop. With my first shave I learned why

the latter had been dubbed “The Calcu—

lating Barber.”

“On an average,”





world from behind





said Tunis Sheldon,





deftly removing my heard with long,

graceful strokes, “a customer has forty

square inches of shaving surface on his

face. -\ barber scrapes this surface at

least Ulla!) times in giving a smooth

shave. i am averaging forty persons :1

wcek, which represents 4,800 square

inches. Following this calculation to the

end, you wiil see that in the course of a

year I shall have scraped nearly 14,000





square feet of skin.”



“You are fond of figures?" I remarked

“Very. \\’us the razor all right“? Did

it pull?"



“Not at all. How do you like the town?"





“Very well. Are you next. sir?"



Nathan Ginsburg, Myer Vatman‘s

brother—in—law, climbed into the chair.



“You are doing well?" I ventured,

watching Ginsburg, who affected not [1)

see me.



“Quite good, thank you," Then. to





“I have been figuring on hair-

cutting. sir. and the result is surprising.

I out about fifteen heads of hair a week

on an average. From each head I take

approximately tlif‘cc handfuls of hair.

’l‘hat lll'lkCS forty—live handfuls :1 week.

If the thirty-two hundred harbors in this

county do as well a: I do, tl1cu~—”



I waited to hear no more. for this sort

of conversation left me with a sense of

physical fatigue. I resolved to let Shel—

(lou know of my ingrained dislike for

arithmetic, and when I next dropped into

his place for a shave I struck straight

from the shoulder.



:“If you are thinking of counting the

hairs in"my head,“ said I, “please do it

mentally. I can’t say ’I'm interested

your calculations."



“I cannot count the hairs in your head."

he rejoined affahly, “but I have just been

figuring on the amount of soap I use on

my cuStomers. If every barber in this

county uses the same amount as I do, it

would take a bar of soap weighing 1244,00!)

pounds to make lather for one year. In

ten years—”



- And so on to the bitter‘entd.



On the way home I met Myer Vatman

"‘YOu have come from der cackalatin’

barber?" There was deep reproach in

his voice. I pleaded guilty.





Ginsburg:





in'





“Well,



“He's

barber.”



Yatman's manner became very sclernn.

“c laid one fat hand on my arm and

winked portentiously.



“Nathan Ginsburg you know himehc

is being a detective by der case.” He

drew a deep breath and continued: “Der

newspapers say dot der police of New

York vant Phillip Potter,de1 mtnderer of

his vife. He is a disappearance since der

crime. Look.”



He handed me a newspaper clipping

and I read: The murderer is small of

stature, preoccupied of manner, and has

an unusually large head. He has the

soft. flexible hands of a piano player and

started in life as a barber. For five

years he has been first assistant to State

Statistician Barnes.





vat you dink by dot feller?”

tiresome as a talker, but a. fine





 





"That’s a pretty good description of

Sheldon," said I.

“.\ind't it?" cried Vatman delightedly.





“Mind dot statis—dot statis-dot—”



"Statistician,” I helped out. “Yes, I

noticed that. Sheldon’s a bug on figures;

too. Say, Yiatman, you’re not raising

suspicion against Sheldon for business

reasons, are you?”



“Am I?" he snorted. “Do you know

dot he told Ginsburg dot he. been from

I’ittsburg from a hotel where he been der

head barber? And ven we got it a vire

from dose hotel people it said dot he vas

a liar. Do you know dot vun vcek after

dcr murder' Sheldon appears by dis town?

Do you know dot he told Ginsburg dot

he vas a great pianner player. I know

sich dings, Mr. Burton, from der detec-

tive york done by Nathan, which is my

brother-in-law. And dOt is not all. I

could told you more yet."



“Let’s have it." I suggested. “If Shel-

don is Potter, and the latter is a mur-

derer, I don‘t want any more shaves in

that shop.”



Vatman chuckled.



“A New Yorick detective is '111 de town

now,” he vouchsafed. “He told Nathan

dot he been hunting der country ofer for





dis mans Sheldon. He said: ‘I will re-

turn to New Yo:‘ick mit dot barber. He

is der man vot I vant.’ Besides dot, two





detectives come in from Norristown just

now. and dey ask der hotel clerk vare is

it a cackalatin’ barber by dis town. Come

along to my shop and sec Nathan and der

New Yorick detective.”



\Ve came upon Ginsburg and the Goth-

am sleuth a short distance from the main

street. They were on their way to see

She‘don.



The detective, a near-sighted little man

gray tweed, looked as if he trained on

rum omelettes minus the eggs.



“Sheldon won't be hard to handle," he

declared. “Ginsburg is toting a gun, Mr.

Burton, but that is unnecessary—quite

unnecessary.”



“A man who can murder his wife is al—

vays dangerous," said Nathan Ginsburg



“Courage is a glorious quality, Mr.

Burton,” said the little detective. “It has

been lauded for centuries by poets and

prophets and leader-3 of all kinds. But there

is one kind of courage littie spoken of in

these eulogies. It is the kind that goes

cheerfully on, day after day, smoothing

over opposition, reconciling antagonisms

and refusing to see little things that jar.

\Yhen you row up stream against the

current, do not splash.”



,Tunierheld'on. stretched fuil length in

his barber chair, was pulling hard at a.

long'black cheroot:- ande exhibiting a large

unconcern in things temporal-When we

tramped in.



Ginsburg dragged a huge revolver from.

his hip pocket and waved -it before the

calculating barber's face.



' “Hands up. 'Mr Potter!" he cried.

“You’ re arrested for the murder of your



wife!”





in





which.





importance and brilliancy. Carefully de-

positing his cheroot in a cuspidor, he

rose languidly to his feet and glanced at

us with a sage's pity. '



“You say you want me for murder, but

I know who you are. You are in the em-

ploy of- the big business interests that

wish the death of anarchists like myself.“

There was something wonderfully quell-

ing in the look he flashed upon us. “I

am an anarchist, and I admit to you now

that I have made efforts to release my-

self and my fellows from this brutal in-

dustrial bondage. this chronic pauperiSm.

I have consecrated my life to the holy

cause of human liberty; I would rather

die like a dog than live like a slave. An-

archy? Is anarchy worse than starva-

tion? When conditions become such that

a working man is half the time an ill-

bred serf, and the other half a wret tlcmd

vagabond, hes ready for—”



“Shut up!" yelled Ginsburg,

arrested for a‘ murder!”



“Just a moment,” put in the .lew York





"You are





man, stepping forward. “Mr. Ginsburg

has made a. little mistake. I said I want-

ed this man, and I do, but not for

murder!"





“Not for murder!" echoed Ginsburg.



“Not for murder!” parroted Vatman.



As for myself, I assumed a demeanor

of deep cemprehension. Sheldon‘s face

was a study, but to me it seemed as if





he watched for the culmination of a

well-understood and expected movement

of familiar machinery.



Ginsburg flourished his revolver. “I





makes no mistake," he stormed. “Con~

fess, you fake barber!"





“I do!" said Sheldon tranquilly.





“Huh! You did murder your vife, you

brute! YOu are Mr. Potter, of New

York!"





“Not too fast,” interposed the New

York detective. “You are not in posses-

sion of the facts of the cafie. Let me

lift the veil of mystery. I am Sebastian

Clancy, private detective, and I hereby

serve warning that I haVe discovered this

man first. I know him. Lettus & My-

ant. the New York attorneys, will give

me $500 for locating this man, who has





 





JAN; 17,





COMPENSATION.





 





BY WALTER G. DOTY.





When Klimber got famous they dug 11)

his past

And found that his record held many

a blot.

They prOVed that in youth he was way—

ward and fast

And that later he failed to improve a

whole lot. '

They rifled his waste-basket, hunted and





pried;

They bad data to cover

his life;

And they published his letters as soon

as he died——

Including a few to another man’s_wife.





each year of





I formerly wished an illustrious name

As a statesman or painter or writer of

plays.

It is plainer each day I shall never win

fame. -

My virtues and graces are bid from the





gaze

Of a public that never will weep at my

tales

Or stare at my pictures or laugh at

my jokes;

But my failings as well my obscurity

veils.

So Ive learned to be thankful I'm juSt

common 'lfo ks.





 





been an outcast from his father's home

in England for more than ten years. He

is Sir Thomas Vere Cortsonby.”



Sheldon opened his mouth, and shut it

again without emitting a sound.



“Speak!” commanded Sebastian Clancy.



“I am Sir Thomas Vere Cortsonby!"

And Sheldons face became as expreS-

sionless as a wooden mask.



Ginsburg eyed him with an expression

of seornful incredulity.



“Liar what you are!” he hissed.



“I knew my man, you see,” said Mr.

Clancy, “but as long as Mr. Ginsburg

thought he was a murderer I did not try

to shake his belief. Sir Thomas. being

the oldest son, gets the entire Cortsonby

estate. And I. Sebastian Clancy. get the

$500 reward offered by Lettus & Myant.

I only practiced a little harmless decep-

tion. gentlemen."



““"hieh was clever of you!" snorted

Ginsburg with a look of mock admiration

in his asymmetrical brown eyes. "But

do you think we are der only fellers who



(Continued on page 64).





IllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllillIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllillll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilIllillllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





By JOHN Y. BEATY.





IMMY JINGLE, Jimmy Jingle, what

J do you want?"



Jimmy sat up and looked around.

No one was in sight, and fairies are usu-

ally such elusive creatures that Jimmy

thought he must have imagined the voice.



But it came again. “Jimmy Jingle,

Jimmy Jingle, what do you want?"



Jimmy did want something indeed, and

this time he knew that he had not imag-

ined the voice so he decided that some

faiiy had grown bolder than the rest and

had addressed him.



“I want to see something that no one

else has ever seen. and I want to go

where no one else has ever gone, and I

want to learn something that won't be

learned out of books.”



“You-want more than is uSually asked

of fairies, Jimmy, but I am going to

grant it; onwae: conditionsand' that is

that you promise to tell what you learn

to other boys 'and girls. for I shall in?

deed take you where no one has been

before and; you» shall learn thingsnot‘

taught in books Do you promise?"



_ “Yes, kind fairy, I’ ll promise, but when

am I to begin?” '





“At once, Jimmy. Take that crooked





-he had pulled‘open a door.





stick against the bank there and wave it

over your head three times and say,

‘Fairy grows, fairy knows, now I wish ‘

to grow smaller’.”



“But I can not take that stick,” com—

piained Jimmy: “it is the root of a tree

and is still fast to the tree.”



“Do as I tell you Jimmy or the tree

will fall down upon you and crush you.

I am the fairy of puniShtnent and reward,

and when anyone does not obey me they

suffer harm to themselves.”



At that, Jimmy seized the root with

both hands and pulled and pulled and

pulled; Finally he felt: it giving and then,

with a. sudden lurch, he fell to the ground

with the piece of root in his hands.



But great was his surprise to find that

It was a very

small door and led- into a room that was

as blackas night; but. the threahhoh‘was-n

so beautifully carved in gold and silver

that he knew‘ there must be something





good inside.

“Step inside, Jimmy, and. meet the-

fairy "





“But I am too big to get into that little

door " objected Jimmy;

“I‘Vave the stick above your headJ' .
JAN. 17, 1914.“





So Jimmy waved the stick above his

head and said, “Fairy grows, fairy knows,

now I wish togrow. smaller.”



Immediately the door appeared to en-

large. Jimmy thought. it was getting

wider and taller, but in reality, he was

growing smaller.



Jimmy stepped from the threshold of

the door and at once he was blinded with

a great light. “Oh,” cried Jimmy, and

fell back upon the ground.



He jumped up quickly, but there was

no light there.



“Good Fairy,” pleaded Jimmy, “I am

ready to do what you tell me to do. I’ll

not be able to enter though if that light

appears again.”



“Very well,” called the fairy from far





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER





when a. great wall of water swept in and

covered the floor deeply with a. gurgling

mass.



Jimmy watched it, trembling and won-

dering what would become of (him. He

noticed, in spite of his fright, that the

water was filled with hundreds 'of small

particles. These bumped against each

other and here and there some collected

in little coagulations and settled tempor-

arily into a niche in the wall.



Jimmy had nearly recovered from his

fright when Arbor appeared.



“If you had been one-thousandth of a

second later you would surely have been

drowned," he said. “This is the flood

house—one of millions in this same tl‘ee.

There are water-tight gates around that





 





“I am Arbor, king of all the tree fairies.”





down the cavern, “enter quickly and take

the boat you find at the wharf just at the

right of the entrance. You’ll have to

keep your head about you and not lose

any time or you Will miss your trip.”



Jimmy stepped across the threshold

and this time there was no great light,

but a little one which shone out of his

own hand. He was in such a hurry to

get into the waiting boat that he didn’t

stop to examine the light until the boat-

man had pushed out from the wharf and

they were sailing swiftly with the tide.



The light, he found, was no larger than

his little finger, and it seemed to be a

part of his hand like a. wart would be.

He felt of it, but it was hard and would

not move.



The boatman did not seem inclined to

talk, so Jimmy spent his time observing

all that was passed.



They seemed to be in a cave and were

accompanied by hundreds of other boats,

each loaded with freight and a solitary

boatman. None of them had oars or pad-

dles, but seemed to operate their boats

by signals to other fairies on shore.



'When a. boatman would wave his hand

above his head, the fairy on Shore would

open a gate and the current would take

the boat and its contents into the bY-

stream. As quick as a flaSh the gate

would shut again, and the other boats

would go on their way as before.



Presently Jimmy realized that the cave

through which they were sailing was get-

ting smaller. It finally got so small that

Jimmy and the boatman had to lie down

in the boat to keep from bumping their

heads. After a short ride through the

part with the low roof, the boat drew up

ton landing and there Jimmy saW for the

first time the fairy who had brought him

on this wonderful adventure.



The fairy introduced himself. “I am

Arbor,” the said, “I am king of all the

tree fairies. The journey you are about

to take is :1. most perilous one. No one

else has even attempted it but the fair-

ies. but it" you do as I tell you, you can

expect to get back safely.”



“I’ll do all that you tell me, Arbor,”

promised Jimmy.



“Then We are ready,” and with that,

ArbOr knocked loudly on a small door

just before them. ‘he door was so small

that Jimmy could not understand how

they were going to get through it.



“It may‘ be that the flood is on and we

will have to wait for a while,” explained

Arbor.



But the flood was off and the door was

quickly opened. It was a heavy door and

was provided With heavy bolts on the in-

side. It was the kind of door that keeps

water from going through it.



As they crawled through the opening

on their hands and knees, Jimmy heard

a rushing sound, and before he could get

this body entirely through the hole he was

seized roughly and dragged up a rocky

path to an over-hanging cliff above.

scarcely had they reached the ledge





curve that are opened at stated times to

admit the water. These particles you

see floating in the water are pieces of

food.



“The food is undigested and is of no

value whatever to the tree in this form.

You shall see the kitchens, however, with

their furnaces seven times hotter than

the furnace in your home, and there you

shall see the preparation of this food for





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companied





him on another, so he. felt

that everything must come out all right.



Fer a while they floated lazily about in

the flood room, but suddenly, with a

mighty 'roar, the whole mess of water

and food began to move and Jimmy hung

to his transport with difficulty.



His feet were dangling in the water,

and while they were going through a. very

narrow part of the tunnel several other

pieces of food- crowded against him. His

feet were inclosed on both sides and when

he tried to move them he found that the

new pieces were apparently a part of the

piece on which he was riding. He was

so frightened he couldn’t ask Arbor how

he should be released.



Jimmy wasn’t sure about the direction

they were going. Smnetimes he thought

they were going straight ahead, and again

it seemed that they were going back-

wards. Finally, however, he knew that

they were traveling upward.



The progress was rather slow now, and

very irregular. For awhile they would-

travel rapidly, and then they would stop

altogether.



On one of these stops Jimmy summoned

up comage enough to ask Arbor where

they were.



“We are now in Sap-wood Elevator,”

Arbor informed him. “Our progress is

intercepted by numerous gates. It is

somewhat similar to a series of locks in

a canal. “’9 cannot move on to the next

Section until that has been emptied by

the previous load moving to the section

above that. The whole elevator is con-

trolled by the stoves in the kitchen. As

fast as one lot is cooked. another lot is

taken from the elevator to be rendered,

and then it is that we move up.”



After several hundred stops and as

many fitful progressions, they felt the

temperature growing warmeix, Jimmy re-

meinhez'ed that Arbor had told him that

the furnaces in the kitchen were seven

times hotter than the furnace in his home

and he again wondered how he could re—

lease himself from the pieces of food that

had wedged themselves so firmly about

his little legs.



He squirme'd and pushed and pulled and

twisted, but he was held fast. Finally he





e





 





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-'.





 





 





 





 





Pueblo lndian Shepherd on his Burro.





 





furnace room, a route that is not so hot

as this." he explained.



They went into a very dark passageway

and Jimmy followed close at the heels of

.\rb0r. Finally they came into a big

room that was lighted. it seemed to re-

ceive its light through the ceiling, Which

was very beautiful. it was all set with

green emeralds.



“Are you ready to go to the furnaces

that are seven times hotter than your

furnace at home?” inquired his guide.



Jimmy nodded and the door opened of

itself. They passed through and came

upon the most beautiful little automobile

you can imagine. It was a bright green

and the emeralds that replaced the head-

lights shown so that the road before them





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“Hundreds of fairies were throwing particles of food into the furnace-S.”





the millions of mouths through which

this old oak is fed.



“The only way you can get to the

kitchen, however, is by riding on one of

the particles of food. Sit astride it like

you would a horse and hang on tightly.

You may be afraid, but there is no op-

portunity for turning back now.”



So Jimmy watched for a large piece of

food and hopped aboard. The fairy ac-





 





thought he could feel the food becoming

softer, and as they came nearer to the

hot furnaces it grew softer and softer till

he was able to withdraw his legs.



The heat was now so intense that Jim-

my thought he could not stand it to go

another section nearer the, furnaces. but

just as he was wondering what to do,

Arbor told him to clzimber to the bank.

“We are going by another route to the





 





was lighted as with a searchlight. They

entered and shut the doors behind them.

Without a diver, the «'Ml‘ started. Jimmy

could see no track to guide it. but siill it

traveled in a curved line and seemed to

be underqwrfect control of some unseen

power.



Soon they came to u long tunnel that,





instead of being black inside, was all red.

in fact it looked like it was all afll‘e. But

Jimmy felt no heat.



“We are now entering the furnace

room," announced Arbor.



The car had stopped and Arbor was

dismounting.



“We shall enter the furnace room

through this chute," said Arbor. “Just





jump in and hold your breath."



Jimmy clambered in with some tremb-

ling, and——whisk! he went shooting along

at a great rate. \Vith a sudden jerk

he found himself upright, staring into the

open gullet of a mammoth furnace. llun-

dreds of busy cooks Surrounded him and

each seemed to be trying to heave the

most food into the fil'es. Particle after

particle was thrown in, but Jimmy could

not understand what became of it.



Finally Arbor came and said,

this way.”



Jimmy followed down a winding flight

of steps and came, at the bottom, to a

big room in which were several large





“Come





bins. Each bin was provided with a long

spout and each spout had a fairy in

charge. Below the spouts was a canal in





which the current flowed rapidly.
smoking a great deal





Chew it after

every meal





It makes you feel more

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It also aids digestion—-

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and preserves the

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purifies the breath ,

instantly. It’s real

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——flavored with real

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leaves—if it"s





WRIGLEY’S ”





BUY IT BY

THE BOX





of twenty packages.

of any dealer -—, and stays

fresh until used.





 





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“ Don’t smoke yet!





Smoke after enjoying clean,

pure, healthful





WRIG LEY'S





You’ll digest your meals and enjoy





It costs less—





THE MICHIGAN FARMER-





   





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This Girl Could Nol

Walk or Stand





—at the age of tour





Pink Vosburg, daughter of Mrs. Sula Vos-

burg, Bedford, 1a.. Mrs. Vosburg brought

her daughter to this Sanitarium January,

1911, for treatment of Infantile Paralysis.

The child could neither walk nor stand

alone, but could only crawl .- ,

on her hands and knees. She

was here eight months; now

walks, goes to school and gets

about splendidly. Mrs. Vos-

burg will affirm the above.



This is not a. selected case,

nor are the results unusual.





The l. c. McLain

Orthopedic

Sanitarium





is a thorou hly equip ed private

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Oils-[Aubert Avenue. St. Louis, lo.





9





 





"Tell me, Arbor, if you please, what it

is that I have seen.”



"You have seen the Sun Kitchen, Jim-

my. In the furnaces the heat of the sun

changes the food particles which you saw

come into the flood chamber in the roots,

into all kinds of materials which the big

oak can use in its growth. We are new

in the leaves, where all the food of the

tree is prepared for it. The food as it





all, but after it has gone through the fur-

naces that are seven times hotter than

your furnace at home the ingredients are

changed into materials that the tree can

use. '



“We will get aboard one of these loads

and see what becomes of this food on the

downward trip. The name of this canal,

as you will see by the sign on that DOSt,

is Cambium, and its waters flow just be-

neath the bark of the tree.”



With that they jumped aboard a load

of food and started on the downward

journey. This, too, was quite irregular.





- It was not a steady flow, but a movement





from one section to the next.





Arbor called Jimmy’s attention to the

many by-streams. Every so often one of

the boatmcn would signal to a gate keep-

er on shore and a gate would be opened

through which he would pass with his

load.



"Each load,” explained the fairy, “is

made for a particular purpose. This load

ahead, you will see, very much resembles

band. It is called ‘Silica' and is a very

necessary part of the leaf structure.- The

load on that side is sugar. The boatmen

have orders for a. certain kind of food .for

a certain place and they deliver their load

where it is needed."



“Where does our





load go ?" asked





“In:





comes into the roots cannot be used at.





 





 





JAN. 17, 1914.





Jimmy, in an easy and natural way.



"This load goes to the roots. Even the

roots cannot grow without using the food

prepared in the furnaces of the leaves.

The food that they take in is of no use

to them; all of their growth is made from

the cooked materials. We will get off

again when We get to the door where

you entered and then your adventure is

over." '



The wharf was finally reached and

Jimmy scrambled off the load and, wav-

ing good-bye to the fairy, ran out of the

doom





Everything looked strange to him, but .





he thought he knew the way home, so he

ran and ran and ran. But he couldn't

recognize familiar objects along the way.

Finally he realized that he was stiil small

like the fairies and his little legs were

so short that, although he had run for

half an hour he had not gone more than

a foot from the base of the tree.



“What ever shall I do.” cried Jimmy;

”I am so small that my mother can’t See

me at all, and at this rate it will take

me two years to get home."



Bus just in his deepest despair he heard

the voice of the fairy again.



“Jimmy Jingle, Jimmy Jingle, what do

you want?”



“I want to grow big again,” cried Jim-

my, “so I can run home to my mother."



“\Vave your right hand above your

head and say, ‘Fairy grows, fairy knows,

now I Wish to grow lurger’."



Jimmy quickly obeyed, and before you

could say "Jimmy Jingle,” he was a boy

again as he had been before. Without

stopping to look about him, he ran off to

his mother as fast as his legs would take

him, to tell her of his wonderful adven-

ture with the tree fairy.





 





 





H , a" r .

‘ « M

1/."- V





‘21 ‘“\

\N’ ff-





/3_’ ~33"





 

 





 





THE CALCULATING BARBER.





(Continued from page 62).

got it a murder suspicion on dis teller?

Oh, nit! Derc been two Norristown de—

tectives here and vat is it dey—”



“Nathan!” cried Vatman, a curious ela-

tion upon him. “Vait "a minute! Here

c0mcs! Here comes! Vait a minute!”



The door of the barber shop opened

and softly clOScd. Two large, square-

jawed, shavenniccked men with keen,

scrutinous eyes joined our little group.



“Here been der rekular detectives, Na-

than!” cried V'atman. ,



GinSburg, stirred to action, waved his

revolver excitedly. “Confess, you loafer!”

he shouted. “Here been der real police

already."



Sheldon’s voice was low and gentle. “I

confesg!" he said.



“You bet you confess.

Potter, aind’t it?"



“Sheldon stared ruminatively down at





You been Phillip





his feet. “Yes, I am Phillip Potter,” he

said at length.



“He it is! He is it!" Ginsburg chart-

led in glee.





At this juncture Sebastian Clancy came

to the fore. He disregarded Messrs, Gins-

burg and Vatman as quite out of the

sphere of rational consideration.



“Gentlemen," he said, addressiing the

newcomers, “I understand you are Nor-

ristown detectives?"



“We are,” said one.



“I am Sebastian Clancy, private detec-

tive, of New York. These gentlemen,”

indicating Ginsburg and Vatman with a

gesture of bridled disdain, “aver, that

this man is Phillip Potter, the wife mur-

derer wanted by the police of New York,

While 17—”



The Norristown men went off into

spasms of derisive laughter.





 





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l





“While I,” continued the triumphant

Clancy, “say he is—but then, he tells it

himself when he is not intimidated by

this man’s revolver. Who are you, mi-

lord?”



“I am Sir ThOmas Vere Cortsonby!”

replied Sheldon.



Sebastian swelled with gratuitous pride.

Again the Norristown men guffawed.



“This is too rich!" gurgled one, hold-

ing his shaking sides. ,



“Yes, I am Phillip Potter!" mumbled

Sheldon. “I am Sir Thomas Vere Cort-





sonby, too. I have more than five per-

sonalities. In one I am absolutely and

utterly good and in another I am——-”



A light broke upon me. I pressed Shel-

don's hand in the profound sympathy of

perfect understanding.



Just a word, gentlemen," I broke in.

“\Ve all know of the remarkable case of

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and have seen

it duplicated in real life. I presume you

have all read the story—the allegoriciil

mode the great Stevenson took of repre—

senting the ethical duality in man. Might

not this poor fellow—”



“Can it!” roared one of the Norristown

men. “Come here, Pete!"



Sheldon snickered, and walked over to

the two detectives as naturally as a.

storm-driven bird seeking a nest.



“This is Pete, the Goose,” said the de-

tective who acted as spokesman. “He’s

a harmless ‘nut’ who escapes pretty fre—

quent from the Norristown Insane Asy—

lum, and he gives us some hot chases.

He was :i barber before he went off his

noodle and always follows his trade on

little vacations like these. He's no on-

archist, no murderer, and no baronet, but

he is a d—n good barber.”



And, eliminating the profanity, I say

amen to that.





OLD JIM SMITH.





BY CHARLES H. MEIERS.





Some people say that old Jim Smith



ls quite the meanest man they know—

That good, to him, is but a myth;



But I don't think that it is so.





Jim has a-gruff way, I’ll admit;

I'Ve seen him scowl and heard him

swear,

And once he almost had a fit

About our preacher’s length of prayer.





But when that preacher lay in bed.

\Vith fever ravaging his power,



Jim did not stand and shake his hezidw

He paid for medicine and flour.





’T is true that I once saw Jim kick

A hired man, and punch his face—



He would not let the fellow lick

The horses working on the place.





Once, when I saw Jim mowing grass,

He raised his sickle-bar, with care,

High in the air, to let it pass

O’er Mrs.’ “Bob. White,” nesting there.





Some people say that old Jim Smith





Is quite the meanest man they know—‘





That good, to him, is but-a myth;

But I don’t think that it is so.
’THE MICNHGIGAN FARM'ER 65,—17





JAN. 17; 1914.





 





FRIENDSHIP.





 





BY J. A. KAISER.

Though wealth and fame knock at his





A Tax-Exempt 6% Investment. Legal for Michigan Savings-Banks !





$225,000

THE PEOPLES ICE COMPANY





DETROIT, MICHIGAN "

(General Ice Delivery Company)

’ " FIRST MORTGAGE 6% GOLD BONDS il





door, .

Though fortune greet him with her

smile.

A man's not rich but truly poor,

Despite the baubles that beguile,

Unless with wealth and fame dOth- blend

A loyal and a loving friend.





Though poverty doth watch and wait,

Though fortune frown and never smile.



A man’s not poor but rich and great.

Despite the chains that gall awhile,



If dark adversity doth send



The true heart of a loving friend.





The brightest gems» that mortals wear.

The richest boon to mortals giv'n;

0f preciousness beyond compare,

On earth foreshadowing of hezlv'h.

The silken, golden strands that blend

The heart of friend with heart of friend.





TAX-EXEMPT IN MICHIGAN

__ Dated October 1, 1912 . Denominations, $1,000 and $500 “





WHEN WE LOSE oun GRIP. Principal and semi—annual (April 1 and October 1) interest payable at the office of the





L or om: E. cnooxlsln. SECURITY TRUST COMPANY, DETROIT. TRUSTEE.





I . . .

‘V A“ M “S lose our gm) once m a wmle‘ Redeemable on October 1, 1914, or any interest date thereafter, at 102.





 





 





 





Often without warning the bottom seems





 





t d 'f d nd ythi d-

dan;0:ppIe:nrls It: :1; :ounfivi'br thlleg esvliah _ MATURITIES .

lastinigbow-wows One who has thus lost $25,000 October 1, 1914 $25,000 October 1, 1917 $25,000 October 1, 1920 H

hfs grlpgsla 53:. 51311:] '13“? £005} Sl’e‘ff‘lly 25,000 October 1, 1915 25,000 October 1, 1918 25,000 October 1, 1921

gfiionjnf’e'fiev‘gx;siatiglls.,‘f‘5'3519:5133: 25,000 October 1, 1916 25,000 October 1, 1919 25,000 October 1, 1922

cession does “(it even Pause to give him CAPITALIZATION Authorized Outstanding



- ” Chane." ‘0 55““ a new gm” b‘” Wises Preferred stock” .................. ..............$200,000.00 $ 99,99000



i on, leavmg him exhausted by the'waySlde. Common Stock ............... . ........ . 400,000.00 389,359.95



What ‘5 One t° d" ‘“ “Ch 3' "15's" The First Mortgage 6% Bonds .......... . ........... 500,000.00 225,000.00





best thing that one can do is to refrain

‘ for a while from doing anything at all.

3? One's vision at such times is warped. and

it is best not to do anything until one is

certain of his ability to form wise judg-

ments and make plans that hold the best

solution of the problem. .Nine-tenths of,

the desperate deeds recorded in the pull-

llt‘ press are probably accomplished while

the doers of them are in a desponllent,

frantic state of mind—wholly incapable of

mapping out a Wise course of action. I



But doing nothing under such conditions

is exceedingly difficult. One feels as

though he would burst unless he can





 





These bonds are part of an authorized issue of $500,000, of which $25,000 was retired

October 1, 1913. The unissued balance of $250,000 can be issued only to the extent of

50% of cash expenditures for further improvements and additions, when such expen-



. ditures shall have been approved by the Security Trust Company, Trustee under the

mortgage, providing, however, that the net earnings 0f the company for two years preceding the

date of issue shall have been at least three times the annual interest charges on all bonds then

outstanding and such amount as is proposed to be issued.





From information that we consider authentic we con-

dense the following important features of this issue:





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

   

 

   





 

 





 





   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

   

   

   

   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





, . . . . .



; plunge into the center of things and do (1) These bonds are the direct obligation of The Peoples Ice Company, which is the



i somamine—anything. in fact. so Ions as largest ice company in DetrOlt and which supplles about 60% of the ice consumed



: 1‘ “Eels a 59“” Vf‘lve f0“ the “wire 0" 1n the City. With 175 wagons and over 600 men, this company serves more than



1.. pent-up feelings Within. Very well. If 47 f - - d - h



l something must be done, then let one go ’000 a‘mlhes an busmess 011888.



‘ and t9110l‘:_'s trolifbles t0 someone—mot t0 (2) The first mortgage that secures these bonds covers property valued at $1,055,952.49,

the prov“, ”‘1 90 “mm" b‘” to the P305” or more than 4% tunes the amount of the outstanding bonds. This property

sympathetic soul of whom one can tillnk. . . . . _ .



It will make the burden grow lighter. consists of real estate in Dctrmt, Waterford, Fair Haven and Otter Lake, Michlgan;

Even if such a friend laughs at Me’s buildings and refrigerating-machinery at DetrOlt; natural ice plants at Waterford, Fair

fears it will be a warm-hearted laugh Haven, Otter Lake and Grosse Pomt; horses, wagons, tools, boats, barges, etc.



with no sting to it. . n .



ll Ten to one after such a sharing of (3) The'audlt of the books 01 the company by the Security Trust Company shows net,

troubles they will look less‘menacing than earnings for the year 1912 of $99,291.96, and for ten months ending October 31, 1913,

before. Someone has called attention to ‘ of $161,696.21. Whlch is over four times the max1mum annual requirements of principal and

the curious fact that if one shares a (101- interest under this mortgage. '

lar with another, one has half a dollar _ _ . 0

left, while if one shares a trouble with (4) The large increase in earmngs of l9lo over those of 1912, as shown above, was due



. the right kind of a friend the trouble to the company’s increased facilities and the fact that over 10,000 new customers

dwindles to one-tenth its former size. were gained in 1913 .

The thing to do when one loses one's I - - .

grip is to get a new hold as soon as DOS_ (5) The property covered by the mortgage securing these bonds was appraised by leading

Y . r

sible, but not the blind, feverish kind of . experts; the books of the company were naudlted by the Security l‘rust Company Trustee;

a hold that means only another failure. ‘ and all legal matters pertaining to this bond issue were passed upon by Messrs. Keene,

Take time to think. to meditate. t0 coun- Lightner, Oxtoby & Oxtoby, Attorneys, of DetrOlt. l

sel; time to look things squarely in the.

' ' . , ‘ I " I (‘3! .

83,67 films“? We 5““ Off“ re‘t‘Fauebl We offer the unsold remainder of these bonds at

ot failure, tune to plan £01 a way in tile: .

future that will overcome the shortcom-l B B

ings of the past. Then one can meet the' PAR AND INTE EST’ YIELDING 6% PE ANNUM

iSsue with SOmething more than a mere . . I

chance of success. One will have made I he I lllotSOII é WOICOt C nip nSf

almost certain that the new hold upon 0 a

life will mean victory. .

L Cleveland INVESTMENTnBONDS Cincinnati

JUST A FARMER. . .

_ Detroit: Dime Savings Bank Building

BY EARLE W. GAGE. "I I

“Who am I?” Well, just a farmer. L ‘-

My trade is one of wealth and worth. "WI!

. - . . VP: Tw

For I'm partner with both sky and earth; KITSELMAN FENOE ‘ Q . . . y 01’ch For reliant

. - . .- mum-at. Luuho t. '

A pal tner, too, with the sun and rain, " MASON “am “:2; WILIIIH, 9 ‘ inhihhinnfissuui

And we cannot lobe for our gain. G “ ’fi‘w—fi we make you ‘ science into every rod of ”I” l“ u

A mighty task is mine, thOugh men may ‘efhlat From $§§§fi§ gig: iarnfiiéeslfii'gfiégfi2223...???“ flu... ... . .

' A. r 60 s'tr' 't , '

F Ivnsethorfffiu’ h f (I "i L the Dealer or back gunrnntsii‘t:1 largestyassottm'evrit,tjlgmg‘c:ter gig-g 21:33; fm‘gllguggécggg- Hundreds ofexclu-

01‘ m 'e e 0W W 0 cc S you all. 02/ Jobber. That :tgkd'ienlcli :lvlgtlfikiitassggvlcegfi)i‘ofiisgvhenéféf‘fl teed Fencesforeverypurpoggallttil Irém uaran-

BBC. I’m Just a farmer! . ' 18 why we can CATALOG means money in your Hwfifif‘ forFreeCatalog,First0rder and'Earl 5ll: 0. ' OWnto

—————--—————— "' saveyou money. pocket. Write for it today. FFFFF Ward Irene. ".3. c," .88 Penn 8:: 033;; :3”?!

Look at. these TheMalonFenceCo. r: :F‘F‘ ' ' n '

BOOK NOTICES. very low prices, Boxm Lee-burgJ). F‘

. . CENTS A ROD

b Gil). 'lf‘lietxluEIT-il‘ Eff”? gonhschlool use 14;". 26-in. hog fence ‘ \

myent.of Frencl/n gt fgath: Scliooleplilletw 23%o.arodfor49-in.fum fem Get the FaCts About .‘

York Cit P it IS] ' h l-’ ‘- 25%oarodtorwmpoultufem - '



y' - e‘ e“ ‘5. t e “dimmg $140 for so rod lofldeal "

:togmogng £313 Izgenchdgdllrl. educated in B , "rm. Large'free Catalo 33w,“ 100 0. mpll‘e 3Com?" loll llp

teenth century ‘Clgtlrim 168 O the nine- stylesofFarm. Poultry and awn Fence. 0 wire Double all.



, . . mo, 152 pages. . 10 non Hearthl',‘ amt. mic...

pme, 35,; American Bock Co” Chicago. KITsELMAN BROS. Box 2 Munolmnd. _ Steel ence 1°

_ Reading, .Writing, and Speaking Span- ‘ - 0 *b k h °°m

18h for Beginners. By Margaret Caroline The "Bern“ . " E‘irlpirgoand gratifiguJfllwg‘o: TH! anowfuiucsa

Bowling, B.L., Teacher of Spanish in the Quart." "‘3 "h". Bltkfll wnfifiai'wr'érgfigtfli? bi? w’ireg'

lslgissmn ng'h School. San Francisco. De- ' That secures highest prices for outlast any soft_Bessenier steel i351; made:

was a rm 1 l:::s:..i::r:z:.itce; are... blame-m e... HARNESS our 0"" ME

in; asimgle osusgnl hn sgflaklilng and WTlt-. ' ”(I may. your. buckets mad . mtgpmoghoggfimggfe'figergg ‘ I.“ or “we I.“



-- l p s . ot , 12mo, 256 cratel at wmsa DISCOUNTS. kand getmoney saving fence facts. 0"“1‘0- “'5‘ Luther. ”guarantee them- Ifyonr

D8365, ll ustreted. Price 75.3, American Th 3 '1. Fruit B c dealer does not handle them. write direct to us.

Book Co.. Chicago. sentiment.“ t.321‘2.2'.‘e‘.‘..'°"m°°'£‘.:1..,_ sntnwoon lull. co lid 3...... a to... m-



. - - o u rand Rapids. Itch
fm-P“ r. mea-w—srruw *mwn





66-18





THE MICHIGAN FARME‘R





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





m1





women] anb Her Needy





 





 





 





At Home on?) Elisewf) ere





 





 





"Deeds, Not Creeds,





OME weeks ago I wrote an article

S in which I deplored the present-



day tendency of young people, es-

pecially girls, to affect a disbelief in God

and a hereafter. Purposely I avoided de—

fending Christianity, yet almost immedi—

ately I was taken to task by “Hay

Rube," ‘WhO proceeded to point out the

weak spots in the church’s armor.





I often wonder why it is that so many

people insist on making the term Chris-

tianity synonymous with religion. When

one stops to consider that there are mil-

lions of people on the globe who never

heard of Christ or the Christians' God,

yet who still have a religion and a very

lively belief in a God and in immortality,

isn’t it strange that if we timidly men-

tion religion we should be immediately

taunted with the shortcomings of Chris—

tians? Religion may be anything, Bud-

dhism, Brahminism. Mohammedanism, or

the idol of worship of the heathen in

darkest Africa. And I still maintain

that belief even in these forms of religion

is better than the atheism which denies

the existence of a God at all.



in spite of the atheistic trend which is

permeating the works of ‘our. so-called,

best tiction writers. there is a deeper in-

terest in religion today than in any pre—

vious era in the world’s history. In fact,

religious history is in the making today,

and we who are living, and thinking. are

having our part in it. Slowly, but surely,

Christianity is being purged of forms and

ceremonies, and the real spirit of Christ’s

teachings is being received.



it is growing increasingly unpopular

and impossible to call one‘s—self a Chris-

tian, if all the claim one has to Chris—

tianity is church attendance, an avowed

belief in the creeds and donations of

money. Men and women are no longer

asking what do,you believe, but how do

you live. It makes no difference to the

thinking person whether you believe in

predestination or free grace for all, pro-

viding you are square. Churches are no

longer insisting‘on lengthy confessmns,

but upon clean living. Many have even

gone so far as to admit you to fellowship

even if you are a bit hazy as to your be-

ilt'f, providing you are thoroughly in ear-

nest in your desire to live by the golden

rule.



'l)eeds, rather than crccds. this is the

demand of the new religion. Ages ago a

prophet wrote, “And what doth the Lord

require of thee, but to do justly, and to

love mercy and to walk humbly with thy

Hod.“



Christ, Himself, advocated the same rc-

ligion. \thn the rich young ruler said,

“Lord, what shall I do to be saved,”

(‘hrist did not tell him he must believe

the creeds. the 39 articles of faith, infant

damnation, immersion, perfect holiness,

or transubstantiation. llis answer was,

"Sell all that thou hast and give to the

poor, and come and follow me." Service,

not profession of faith, was the religion

taught by Christ.



All that has been added to Hist religion

since is the work of theologians. Today

the people are stripping off the husks to

find the kernel of truth beneath it all. In

the prooess many are getting so far from

the professions as to deny everything,

but in the end truth and sanity will

triumph.



Man has always had a religion; he al-

ways will have, for without a knowiedge

of some higher power, this life would be

a wilderness and civilization would revert

to savagery. It is not by copying our-

selves that we riSe, but by imitating our

ideal of perfection as expresSed in our

God.



And even with those who profess dis-

belief there is still the acceptance of all

, the good which has come through man’s

hope of immortality. Privately, I am fair-

ly convinced that the avowed disbelief is

with the most, only a pose. For the mo-

ment it may seem “smart” to pose as an





 





 





 





 





 





 





{I %§ 2 A





 





Demand of the Day





agnostic, but pnderneath it all there is

firmly implanted in every human being

the divine spark which silently witnesses

to the great Light. DEBORAH.





PAPER H ELPS.





 





BY SUSAN KANE.





The value of paper as an item of

economy both in labor and money, cannot

be too much exploited among busy,

thrifty housewives. A drawer in the

kitchen for the old newspapers, and the

strong paper in which the household sup-

plies come wrapped, proves a great con-

venience. When beginning the day‘s Work

place a heavy paper on the floor before

the sink, kitchen table, and any other

place where much of the work is done,

thereby saving the linoleum and making

it necessary to scrub the floors less fre-

quently. After the work is done gather

up the papers and throw into the waste

basket.



Keep the pan under the gas burners

on the range lined with paper. It will

not take fire and catches the refuse that

naturally accumulates when cooking and

keeps the tray free from grease.



“Visiting the garbage-can is'ccrtainly

an unpleasant task, and a dirty One is

not to be tolerated. Try lining it, bot-

tom and sides, with several thicknesses

of newspaper. \Vatch the smile the clean

can provokes when the garbage man looks

into it after it is empty. '



Use paper on the table when cleaning

a chicken, preparing fruit and vegeta—

bles, or cracking nuts. Roll up the re-

fuse and thus make it less accessible to

files when in the garbage can, and there

will be no dirty table to wash after the

wot‘k is done.



Save the hands and reduce the dish pile

by using a square of paper for fiour, sug-

ar, or cracker crumbs when preparing

food which needs to be rolled in any of

these materials. Lift the paper by the

corners or edges and shake the piece to

be dusted in it until it is covered.



Lay fried foods on paper and it will

absorb the fats. A layer of paper, if its

surface be soft, will take up extra fat

and oils from soups and gravies.





Bread, biscuits and gems that have be-

come, a little dry may be made like. freSh,

if sprinkled lightly with water and then

wrapped with paper or put into a paper

bag and placed in a hot oven from seven

to ten minutes. The paper prevents ov-

er—browning and retains the steam which

softens the bread.



A mince or apple pie rc-heatcd in a

paper bag. becomes crisp like when first

baked. Stale bread, for crumbs, dried in

a paper bag, needs less attention than

when put into the oven in an open pan.



1f short of bed clothes for an extra

cold night, spread newspapers between

the quilts. Wrapping the feet and legs

in newspapers, before. starting on a long

cold ride, will be a great help in keeping

them warm and comfortable.



Heavy, unprinted paper under the ta-

ble pad helps to preserve the surface of

a well-finished dining—table.



These are only suggestive of the many

ways old papers may be utilized, saving

the time and labor of the housewife. If

she wishes to use paper more extensively

in her daily tasks, a visit to the house—

hold paper section of some department

store will be a revelation, for there its

possibilities are fully shown as a com—

mercial product, appearing in many dif-

ferent for-ns, deSigned for specific pur-

poses.



There are the dish cloths, long lived,

sanitary, and white and clean to the end,

whether used for scouring pots and pans

or washing the silver and crystal. And

a package containing six parchment dish-

cloths costs 15 cents.



Paper towels come in rolls of 50 each,

costing 'much less than laundering, be-





 





sides there is the added pleasure when

using them of having a fresh one for

each washing. Infection is often passed

from one member of the family to the

other by the use of the towel in common.

Where paper towels are a part of the

equipment of the bathroom there is less

danger of the spread of any infectious

disease. In the kitchen they are excel-

lent for polishing, absorbing fats, and

anything spilled on delicate fabrics.



Soft and pliable diapers that may be

used on the youngest child are among this

commercial paper. These should be

crumpled and squeezed in the hand be-

fore adjusting and are worn under the

regular clot-h. It is needless to comment

on them as a factor in saving mothers

much disagreeable labor. Another nursery

aid is the moisture~proof mattress pad.



Rolls, containing 100 feet of pure white

w-aShable paper, costing 'very little, may

be put to a variety of uses, such as shelf

covering, linings for Cake and bread pans,

coverings for jelly glasses, linings for

chests, and dresser and table drawers.

Being grease proof it is of great value

about the kitchen, cellar and ice box.



There are paper combs, soaped-paper

washrags, drinking cups, and ice .blank-

ets. Twenty—five cents will purchase 300

waxed paper tops for jelly glasses and

from $1.00 to $2.00 will buy a paper—lined

cooking utensil for meats and vegetables

that will greatly improve the flavor of the

foods cooked in them. After a meal

cooked in these paper-lined vessels there

are no pets or greasy pans to wash, the

bags fully protecting the metal from con-

tact with the food. The bags are thrown

away. New ones are inexpensive.



Dainty doilies, luncheon _cloths and

small-sized table cloths made of paper

are reasonably priced.



Any housewife who once sets about us-

ing judiciously the paper products on the

market will be. slow to return to the use

of fabrics. with the endless amount of

labor it takes to keep them supplied, re—

paired and clean.





TATTING NOVELTIES.





 





BY ELLA L. LAMB.

Tatting Edge.



(ls—Double Stitch.



p—Picot.



Make ring of 2 d s, 7 p each separated by

2 d s, the 2 d s and close. Turn the work,

and leaving about one—eighth inch of

thread, make a. small ring of 2 d s, 3 p,





 





each separated by 2 d s, then 2 d s and

close. Turn, and make ring 2 d s join

to first picot of large ring, 2 d s l p, 2

d s, l p, 2 d s close. Turn and make an-

other tiny ring like the last and repeat.

The tatted butterfly illustrated is made





 





of D. M. C. No. 80. It is much prettier

made of N0. 100.



To make wings—Begin with single

thread and make 5 d s, 8 p each separat-

ed by 5 d s, then 5 d s and close ring.



Make 5 d s fasten to last picot of first

ring, 4 p each separated by 5 d s, 5 d s

and 01059,.



With two threads 2 d s, 1 p,

2 d s, fasten to last p of small ring. Make

2 d s, 4 p with 2 d s between each. 2 d s

and fasten tonext p; 2 d s, 9 p With 2

d s between each, 2 d s fasten to next D

of ring; * 2 d s, 5 p with 2 d s between





them, 2 d s fasten to next p in small ring

and 2 d p of large ring.



Repeat from * 6 times which brings

you to beginning of first ring. Cut threadS,

tie neatly and clip closely.



To make body—With Single thread

make 3 d s, 1 p, 5 d s, fasten to 3 d p

of last scallop of upper wing, 10 d s.

fasten in 2d p of 2d scallop of lower wing,

3ds,1p,3dsulp,3ds,1p,10ds,

1 p, 5 d s, draw up and turn.



To make head—Wibh same thread and

about the same distance from last ring

as the length of last picot, make 3 d s,

fasten to last p 10 d s, 1 long p, 5 d s, 1

long p, 10 d s, draw up, tie thread and

clip closely.



To make lower body.———\Vith single

thread, make 3 d s, 1 p, 5 d s, fasten to

2d p in end of body, 5 d s, draw up.



With the same thread and at the same

distance from the last ring as the length

of the last picot make 3 d s, fasten to

lst p of last ring 6 d s, 1 p, 6 (l s, draw

up, tie thread and clip c10se1y. Make the

other wings and fasten to body to cor-

respond with first pair.



This butterfly may be used in various

ways, on dainty bow for neckWear or as

insert in combination with embroid—

cry on waists and dresses: Made of very

fine thread it may be used in handker-

chief corner.





CONTRIBUTED RECIPES.





 





Fine Wedding Cake.



Cream together two pounds each of

sugar and butter, add. beaten yolks of 12

eggs ;stir well, then add two teaspoons

of melted choeolate, one tablespoon of

cinnamon, allSpice, same of powdered

cloves; stir well, add one glass of grape

juice and two teaspoons of rose water.

Add next the beaten whites of 12 eggs.

Brown two pounds of flour, roll five

pounds of seeded rai. ins, one and one-

half pounds of Sill‘t‘ddt‘d citron, one pound

of figs, one pound of crystallized cherries

and one pound of dried pineapple in one

cup of the flour, and add to former in-

gredients. Stir well, then add one pound

each of shelled pecans and blanched al-

monds cut fine, and one glass of apple

jelly. Stir well and add balance of flour,

in which two level tablespoons of baking

powder have been sifted. Bake in slow

oven, four to six hours, and when cold ice

with thick coat of boiled icing, keep in

cool place. \Vill be better if kept sev—

eral weeks before serving.



Apple Puff.



Fill pie tin one-third full of finely sliced

apples, Sprinkle sugar, cinnamon and

little pieces of butter over them. Moisten

them with water and cook them half

done. iit‘anVC and pour over them a

thin batter made of sifted flour with bak—

ing powder, a pinch of salt, a good-sized

lump of butter. Bake in a quick oven

until a golden brown. Serve with cream

and sugar.



Bread Pie.



Soak six slices of stale bread crumbs

in milk until they are tender. Watt-r can

be used as a sub titute. Squeeze them

out, add the whites and yolks of three

well—beaten e gs one small lump of melt-

ed butter, a pinch of salt, a cup and one-

half of milk, and "tmeg or lemon flavor-

ing. Bake in a pie tin lined with nice,

short crust. When it is done, place over

it the beaten white of an egg, and slight-

ly brown in the ()VCl‘.-~vz. I. D.





THE CARE OF ONE’S SHOES.





 





It is not everyone who understands how

to take care of shoes. And upon care

largely depends the life of a pair of

shoes, as well as their appearance while

being worn.



It is more economical to have different

kinds of shoes for different kinds of

wear. There should be dress shoes and

shoes for hard wear; street shoes and

those for the house. For dress shoes

and those for the street it is well to get

the best available. They will not only

outwear the cheaper grades but look

much better as long as they last.





 





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”JAN.17,'1914. , ' THE,MICHIGAN FARMER _ 19—67





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“ff/,1? This picture illustrates a letter from

one of our‘friends, which

we quote below:





August 24, 1913.





‘Just thirty-one years ago today my wife

now, then my sweetheart, sat under a large

chestnut tree in her parents’ front yard, in

the same position as the cover of your

Catalogue No. 82 represents, selecting a

diamond ring from your Catalogue ........ .

That ring and book told my future life.

‘ Ever since the ring was secured,- it has been

worn. It is just as good now as then, only

the band is thinner—but the stone is the

same old diamond— a: a: a: a s 4-

“Since those days times have changed.

Montgomery Ward 86 Company have grown

from :1 small store room to a vast city by it-

self and I have grown from a family of five

sons and a daughter and from a farm hand

to a farmer of over 800 acres of choice land.

“Small profit, honesty and saving are what

make people program in this country.

U . . .

If you look over your filing list, you Will

see my name down every month for some-

thing, sometimes every week. And as long

as God spares my wife and I you will find

us on your list—also my son."

Yours respectfully, I

(Name on request). J





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Is our latest Catalogue in your home?

The great showing of thousands of bar-

gains will absorb your attention. The

pictures show home comforts you need.

By comparing the articles and prices

you will realize the economy there is

for you in every purchase from this

wonderful thousand-page bargain book.

Fill out the coupon now and send for

your Catalogue today.





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Farmer Medders: ” Here’s

your box 0’ soap, Maria.

Good morning, Anty. Maria

keeps me buying her Fels-

Naptha Soap now. Won’t use

anything else. Seems to me

she’s getting most too spry

these days,with no work to do.

That boarder rode to town

with me today, and she asked

me, ‘Don’t you ever come to

the city to see the sights?’

And I sez, ‘Oh, no; we see

’em every summer.’ Ha! ha!

Well, seeing you don’t need

wood for a fire or anything,

I’ll go out to the barn and let

you get your washin’ done. I

don’t have to help any more,

Anty, since Maria’s using

sense and Fels—Naptha Soap.”





There is no need

for women to be

tired and sick from





o verwork. Eels—





Naptha Soap will

cut your work in

half. It is the easy

way of doing all the

disagreeable parts of

housework.





Use Fels—Naptha in

cool or lukewarm

water for your weekly

washing, houseclean—

ingfl everything y o u

have to do. Clothes

wash ed with Fels—

N aptha do not need

to be rubbed hard nor

boiled and are on the

line in half the time it

used to take.





For making your

work easy, use Fels-

N aptha Soap and fol-

low directions on the

red and green wrapper.





Better buy it by the box or carton.





Fels 6': 00., Philadelphia.





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FA’RgMER





One should insist on careful fitting. The

uppers should fit snugly around the ankle

so that there may -be allowance for

stretching. Shoes .too narrow should be

avoided, even if they are comfortable;

Shoes too small always give the impres-

sion of being larger than they really are.

Neither should the Shoes be so large that

the foot slips around in them. These are

as fruitful of corns and other inconven—

iences as shoes too small. The. end' of

the big toe should be at least a half-inch

from the tip of the shoe.



In buying shoes avoid patent leathers,

unless one need never be exposed to the

wet, high heels and fancy trimmings

should be avoided. The vaiue of the pur-

chasing price should go into the quality

of the leather, a superior shape and good

sewing. The judgment of the novice is

not to be trusted; therefore, shoes should

be bought of a reliable dealer only. Fire

sales and special bargains should be

avoided, unless one knows the dealer not

to be dishonest.



The dress shoes should be as pretty as

one can afford; there is no article which

makes or mars a pretty toilet more than

the shoes. Cheap shoes with the heels

run down and the ties frayed, will make

a dowdy of the handsomest, otherwise

best dressed woman. Shoes with a. dull

finish are the prettiest. They should be

large enough to slip on and off easily.



For theihouse, spippers or low-cut shoes

are the best. \thn one comes home

from work, or outside, the street shoes

should he slipped off; this will give the

feet a delightful reSted feeling. In the

house none but the house shoes Should be

worn. Tlhis alternation in wearing will

make all one’s shoes wear much longer.



Before putting on one's street or dress

shoes, they should be critically examined.

The street shoes should be blacked, the

dress shoes oiled. Any missing buttons

should be sewed on. If the ties are dam-

aged in appearance, they should be re-

placed. In short, they should be kept

right up in all the smariners of new

shoes.



Shees should be kept out of the dust

them new looking, the second will pre-

and on shoe trees; the first will keep

serve their Shape. As soon as the heels

begin to run down, they should be

straightened. This costs but little and

keeps up the appearance. As soon ifi‘the

soles grow thin, they should be renewed.



Ones shoes should be brushed every

time they are WOrn. About once a Week

they should be poliShcd. Beforehand they

should be washed clean, with a. cloth

dampened with soapsuds; then apply an

oil paste thoroughly and polish well.



For the dress shoes and any dull-leath-

er shoes use swect oil. This will not only

improve the appearance of the shoes but

greatly advance their lasting qualities.



DEBT PAYING.

BY TOMMIE BAKER.



At the beginning of a New Year many

people in this broad land of ours vow to

“turn overa new leaf;” to start out with





‘a clean page and by a Species of self-





goading to live next year on a higher

plane than ever before. They plan to do

some good thing each day, read a chapter

from the Bible, speak kindly to every-

one, visit the sick, etc. Any or all of





:these are well enough if adhered to, but





the main trouble is they are only kept

for a week or two, perhaps a month, and

then dropped permanently by the would~

be idealist.



To my mind, in making resolves of this

kind it is essential to iix upon something

practical and wholesome that will count

for the greatest happiness of the individ-

ual for the present year and the remain-

der of his life. A resolution of this order

Well-nigh forms a basic principle.



\Ve all know the. dark wings of debt

'hover over many American homes, and

the habit of running accounts becomes a

troublesome problem at times. Vi’hen we

run in debt we give creditors power over

our liberty. Then, would it not be a good

idea to begin the New Year by paying

cash for everything we buy and get a

substantial discount thereby? And, if one

does not have the wlherewith to buy a

given article would it not be wise, if pos-

sible, to wait until the money is in hand.



But when cash is paid for all our pur-

chases, that is not all of our debt-paying

We owe. If we are not careful to return

social obligations devolving upon us, we

will soon find we are making a reputa-

tion for being selfish. This We do not

relish. We must not neglect to visit our

friends. In so doing We are the losers

for there come times when friends are in-

valuable. .



Again, most of us owe debts religiously.

Just how broad the field is, ishard to de-





 





 





termine. In this age of hurry and money-

getting, the religious life, sad to relate,

is dwarfed in many instances. It seems

to have no part in the careers of men

and women. This should not be. It is a

noticeable fact, however, that in the pro-

portion the religious life receives whole-

some nourishment in the same ratio does

the individual rise in his chosen vocation

in favor with God and man, natural gifts

being equal. Hence, it is highly import-

ant that we endeavor to discharge this

duty. We can, at least, attend church

with some degree of regularity, meet a

part of the, expense of maintaining same

and so live as to be able to take the

communion worthily. Some may argue

this is not religion, that the church is

full of hypocrites.



So the resolution, “To pay cash for

what I buy, discharge my debts sooially

anld religiously," seems to me to be a.

good one for the New Year, as it is no

more than the duty of us all, and duty is

the sublimest word in the English lan-

guage. \





TEACHING DOMESTIC SCIENCE IN

BELGIUM.





 





BY MRS. F. NISEWANGEKL



We have been thinkng ourselves quite

prOgI‘essive with our Agricultural Colleges

and their extension departments, our

demonstration trains and short courses

a; few years old, and our county agricul—

tural experts who are, as yet, but little

more than a dream. it takes some of the

conceit out of us to learn that Belgium,

a country so tiny that it would be lost

in many of our states, has for 30 years

systematically sent expert agricultural

advisers out through its rural districts

to teach farmers how to conserve the fer—

tility of their land and get the greatei=t

possible yield from it, and for nearly the

same length of time has had its traveling

Schools of domestic science for farm girls.



The wide-awake little country’s modest

explanation of its agricultural advance—

ment .is an adaptation of the old saw,

"Necessity is the mother of invention.”

Pointing out that while they have 7,500,-

000 people, they have but 7,500,000 acres

from which to feed them, they explain

that it early behooved them to make

forming a professiOn and to spread the

science of farming in every possible Way.



The position of the Belgian farm wom-

an being somewhat different from that of

her American sister, since both the mate—

rial and social life of the country depends

largely on her, it was to the interest of

the nation to make her as efficient as

possible, hence, perhaps, the traveling

schools of domestic science.



Those thoroughly equipped schools go to

the different viliages and the girls come

in from their near-by farm homes to at-

tend them, any girl between the ages of

17 and 25 years being eligible as a pupil.

The schools never lack support for they

are very popular and arre eagerly Wel-

comed to the villages. They continue in

session six hours each week day during

the four months slack Winter season. The

morning session is four hours long then

the girls go home for dinner and. return

for the afternoon session of two hours.



The pupils are divided into four groups

of four or five girls each and take their

regular" turn at the different work 01" the

morning session. \l‘hile one group is at-

tending to the work in the kitchen anoth-

er is doing practical sewing, the third

is doing laundry work. bringing soiled

clothes from home for the purpose, and

the fourth is attending to the dairy work,

testing milk, using the separator, churn-

ing and making cheese.



The afternomi session of two hours is

occupied by lectures, illustrated WheneVer

pos.~'iblc, on home economics. Some time.

is given to every topic of interest to farm

women, both in and about her home, so

that, during the term, the curriculum not

only includes practical information and

demonstrations relating to kitchen, laun-

dry, sewing room, nursery and dairy, but

also that on gardening, raising poultry

and caring for young stock.



The nearest we have approached this

system of instruction for farm girls is the

domestic science course of three or five

days, sent out in connection with the

short courses of the agricultural colleges,

and a few instances of teaching the sub-

ject in a limited way in rural schools.



Belgium has 500,000 farm women and

they have for some time recognized the

need of organization and co-operation, so

they have their numerous established so-

cieties for marketing and their “Circles”

for self-improvement and education, that

are actiVe throughout the year. In 1912

there Were 183 of these circles with 21,460

members and their enrollment is steadily

increasing. These circle members are





JAN. 17, 1914.





known as voracious students, studying

everything pertinent that they can get

hold of, making great use of the tech-

nical books in their traveling libraries,

similar to our own,‘ and securing the ser-

vices of practical lecturers and demon-

strators whenever possible. Some of their

topics for discussion are: “General Ag—

riculture,” “Qualities of Farms and Farm

Work,” A Day’s W'ork' on the Farm,"

“Poultry Raising,” “Dairying,” “Hy-

giene,” “Duties of Mothers,” “Mother

Love,” and “The Farm VVoman’s Dress.”





COLD WEATHER ~PLAY FOR THE

LITTLE ONES.





 





and play in the open air by reason



of severe cold weather or when

slightly indisposed, are, always hard to

amuse. Especihly is this the case where.

one child is alone.



A two-yerar-old, prloud Olf the growing

use and control of its fingerS, will some—

times sit for an hour quietly vcwt'ting pa-

per inlto bits with a pair of blunlt—po-init-

ed scissors, small enough to be easily

managed. When tired of this form of

amusement Ithe -'c=huild itself will make

pleasure in picking up the scraps with the

carpet swcelper,‘ tlhus saving the mother

the job of clearing up.



For a three or four-year—old, stringing

beads is a fascinating employment. A

child of this age so-on learns not to drop

them and can get a great deal of fun out

cf the different colored beads in combi-

nation Iw'ith some strong thread and a

blunt-pointed needle. One little girl plays

grown-up by tln'ear'ling baby ribbon or

eve-n a piece oli‘ propping twine through

the holes in a. piece of c‘ouxrs-e embroidery.

Stringing buttons is equally enjoyable.



For a cllrild old enough to be entrusted

with paste, nothing is more fascinating

than pasting stripes; of colored paper into

rings and chains. I‘lressi-ng paper dol-

lies, which now are found in many of rtihe

household magazines, furnishes amuse-

ment, too. Soup bubbles, ‘w'hxile rather

sloppy, are lots. of fun for most cllrildl'en

and When suitablie arrangement is made

for this, play is really not so sloppy after

all. Even older folks enjoy watching the

sport as the buri‘l‘liaznltly colored spheres go

floating off into spruce.



After Christmas there is usually an

over-abundance of toys in a home. Where

there are little ones. The wise parent.

does not allow all [It‘so in use at one

time but punts aside certain pieces to be

brouglhlt out later, wlfiien the first are be-

ginning to lose their charm. A few toys

at one time are better for several reasons

rtlhtan a large assortment.





I ITTLE folks shunt in from exercise





GUARDING AGAINST FIRE.





 





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.



Loescs by fire would be less frequent if

in every family certain rules were ob-

served and old and young alike trained t’)

think when handling matches, lamps,

lanterns and fire-making}, materials in

general. There are instances on record

Where blazing buildings have been saved

by prompt and intelligent action on the

part of some individual, and there are

plenty more where. total loss was en-

tailed which might have been avoided

had not the one who discovered the fire

lost his head and forgot what to do in

the emergency.



At the beginning of winter, chimneys

should be examined for defective tines,

since a large proportion of all residence

fires start from that source. Lumps left

standing" in too close proximity to in-

flammable material is another source of

danger. Also a lighted lamp or candle

carried into a. garret or a. clothes press

where material ousy to set on lll'C is close

at hand. At holiday time there are fires,

often attended by fatalities. resulting

from the use of cotton. wool, tissue paper

decorations and candles on Christmas

trees. Every precaution should invar-

iably be observed by those participating

in such occasions to see that every ele-.

ment of danger is eliminated, and nothing

left to chance.



(‘hilalrcn playing with matches are re-

sponsible for many :1 blaze, and many a.

horrible death is attributable to the same

cause. No child should ever be permitted

to play with such dangerous articles

Furthermore, as soon as a. child is old

enough to understand the character of

fire it should be impressed with the peril

attending the careless handling of all

sorts of blaze-making material. The fool-

hardiness of children at play about bon-

fires in daring each other to feats of

supposed. bravery is equaled only by that

of the man or woman, usually the lat-

ter, who refuses to be warned by the re-

peated accounts of similar accidents and





 





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JAN. 17. 1914.





 





THEhHCHIGKNFhRMER





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careiessly uses gasoline aboutan open

fire, or pours kerosene upon fuel to coax

a blaze, which, by the way, usually re-

quires very little coaxing to do an im-

mense amount of damage.



Children, I repeat, should be early in-

structed regarding the danger of playing

with fire. They should be told what to

do first in case of accident. I once knew

a brave little boy who saved his life, no

doubt, by thoughtfully lying down on the

ground and rolling over and over instead

of running when his cotton blouSe caught

from a spak from an outdoor fire. Older

persons often lose their senses completely

when the emergency arrives but children

who have had it impressed upon them

time after time will be very apt to do the

right thing in case of accident. Reports

are common of some boy or girl who

saved the life of a playmate by snatching

a rug or blanket and smothering the fire

which had caught in the clothing.



Lamps need watching. They sometimes

act in a very dangerous manner when

lighted. Only a short time ago I saw one

which was about to explode when it was

caught up and thrown out» ide the house.

Care should be eXercised at this season,

when they are in use so many hours each

night, to see that they are in proper con-

ditiOn. A well filled lamp rarely explodes.

It is the one which is nearly empty, leav-

ing a large space for the formation of

gas, which causes the trouble.



Fire is a good servant, an indispensable

one, but it is capabie of making much

trouble unless carefully watched.





THE DARNING BASKET.

Br MRS. JEFF DAVIS.



When the weekly wash c0mes in,

select the clothes that need mending, and

find patches of the material. yarn to darn

with, or whatever is necessaryntn mend

with, and pin the pieces to the articles

to be mended; then put them aside in a

place especially reserved for such use.

until you have time to sit down quietly

and Sew. Having everything ready, you

will accomplish much more at one sit-

ting. This met‘hod robs the weekly mend—

ing of half its terrors for the busy house-

Wife.



Vthen darning stockings run a thread

around each hole before beginning, and

draw until the edges lie flat. This makes

the hole smaller. and it will be easier to

mend.



Wihen the children’s hose become very

thin on the knees, as they usually do be-

fore being worn through. run stitches

across to strengthen, then try this meth-

od. Cut off the feet and tnzn the back

of the legs to the front of the feet. sew-~

ing by hand to make a soft seam that

will not hurt the feet. You get double

service in this way, and the unsightly

darns 011 the knees do not show when

torned around.



Another way to prolong the usefulness

of children’s stockings is this: Before the

éltookings are worn, ”take a deep tuck in

them‘ just below the shoe-top. \\‘L1en

they are worn through art the knee, let

out the tuck and the 'wornout part will

come up too high to be noticed when

mended.



“When the elastic of children’s hose sup-

porters is worn, replace with new elastic.

If the supporters are soiled, wasvh before

sewing in the new elastic. Enough elus—

tice may be bought for the price of one

pair of supporters to make over several

pair to be as good as new.



JHose Protection—Atthe 10-ccnt stores,





and many of the department stores yOu '





can get separate feet for refooting worn-

out hesiery. It isn’t necessary to take

the trouble to attach them. Merely slip

them over the regular hose, washing

them often. These save the thin lisle

and silk hose that girls often insist on

wearing even in winter when high—top

shoes are worn.



Mending a Sweater.—VVhen you have

the difficult task of mending a sweater,

or any other garment that has a rib, do

not darn the tear. Take yarn of the

same color, and run stitches across the

rent. then begin at the upper left-ihand

side and chain—stitch down the row of

cross threads, catching into a thread ev-

eiy stitch. These chain stitches look the

same as the knitting, and the tear will

not be noticeable.



Strengthening Pillow Slips.—~Pillow slips

made from tubing may be given a lOng‘-

e7 lease of Zife by reversing the end

seams. Rip seam and turn half way

round so that former side folds meet in

the center, and stitch up again. This

gives a new surface to the heavier wear.

and literally doubles the service of pillow

slips.



When the embroidery ruffles of a petti-

coat is worn on the edge, cut off as much





as is shabby, and turn a narrow hem,

then get some tor-dhon lace, as wide as

the edge you cut off, sew it to the hem

just made. Thus the life of the petti‘coat

is doubled, and its appearance improved.



A good use to make of the fronts of

embroidered waists when all the rest is

worn. is to make them into fancy aprons.

Put lace, or embroidery around the edge

for a finish.



To Mend Lace.——P".ace a piece of paper

under the torn parts, and darn well on

the machine; then tear away all of the

paper.



To Mend Overs-l1oes.—Ge~t a roll of

strOng surgeon’s plaster and when an

overshoe becomes torn cover the place

with the plaster. then go over it with black

shoe polislh. This will last longer than

the overShocs, and will not be noticeable.



All of these “stitches in time” will

prOVe helpful in solving “the high cost of

living.”





 





SHORT CUTS T0 HOUSEKEEPING.





 





Small screws, brads and tacks may be

kept from rusting by putting them in

wide-mouthed bottles and corking tight-

ly.—Mrs. J. J. O’C.



An ounce of aium added to each gallon

of rinsing water will render lace curtains

and children’s clothing almost fire proof.

When a match head strikes against :1

curtain thus treated the lace smoulrlers

instead of bursting into flame—L. M. T.



The baking of potatoes may be has-

tened somewhat by cooking them in boil-

ing water about 15 minutes before pl1cing

them in the ovcn.——.-\. E. L.



Severe neuralgia in the head may often

be relieved by binding bruised horserad-

ish on both wrists—L. M.



To clean floors, buy a common black-

board eraser and fasten it firmly to an

old broom handle. If the eraser is dipped

in a little coal oil it will take up all lint

and duct and polish the floor at the same

time—Mrs. J. J. O'C.



\l'hen cleaning white enamel woodwork

try using sweet milk and ammonia, two

tziblespoonfuls of ammonia to a'quart of

milk. The enamel will not turn yellow

if this mixture'is used.—~Mrs. 0. W.



If a teakettle has boiled nearly dry fill





it by pouring the cold water into the

spout without removing the cover.—

L. M.





When dressing 3. chicken, hold by the

neck and pull the feathers downward.

This is done in less time and leaves fewer

pinfeathers.——Mrs. L. L. G.





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





 





Our large Fashion Book-containing 92

)nges‘ illustrating over 700 of the season’s

latest styles, and devoting several pages

to embroidery designs, will be sent to any

address on receipt of ten cents.





 





o. -A——Sports coat for misses and



small w,ome11 16 and 18 years.



No BOSS—Coat with full front and belt-

ed back. 34 to 42 bust.



No. 7659—Single-breasted coat. 36 to 46

bust. \l'ith cutaway or straight fronts.



No. 7815—Four-piece skirt, 22 to 32

waist. “'ith high or natural waist line.



No. 7941—Two-piece draped skirt, 22 to





30 waist. With high or‘n-atural waist-

line.



No. 7991—Four—piece Skirt. 22 to 30

waist. With cutaway or straight front

edgeS. high or natural waist line.





The above patterns will be mailed to

any address by the Fashion Department

of the Michigan Farmer, on receipt of ten

cents for each.





 





rub with “OLD

DUTCH" will prove





its marvelous cleaning power.

Try it where grease and stains stick.





Does the work





in half the time

withhalf the





 





 





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





5 years.





each other.

placed either inside or out-of-dooxs.





Can be quickly and easily installed at low cost in any home. Guaranteed for

Absolutely safe made strictly according to underwriters’ rules. Fur-

nish average home with beautiful, soft and eye- easing natural light at 1-10 cost

of kerosene. 3) times cheaper than electric“

Make and burn their own gas.

Full particulars and catalog free, also

a lighting plan for your home, if you write us at once.

1" w A N T E D in every locality. Ex-

perience not necessary.





Coleman Lamp 00.. 221 St. Francis. WIchltn, Kan. I 007 Summm 51.. Toledo. 0- ,





 





Lamps work independently of

uel furnished from pressure tank





 

 





 





A LAMP.—FREE





To try in your home is the remarkable offer of the

Sunshine Safety Lamp (30., 110 Factory Bldg..

Kansas City, Mo. It is a new portable gasoline

lamp that gives 300 candle power at a cost of one

centa night. For homes, stores, halls. churches.

It. has no wick, no chimney, is absolutely safe, and

a child can carry it. It. gives such universal satis-

faction they will cend it. to anyone in America

on free trial. Simply send name and address.





MEN a...w.A'N'_rEDf





We positively teach you at home bv mail to earn





25 to ‘50 weekly as Chaufieur or l’cpairmau

tudenta unlisted to position. Boat system, owost prion.

HOD ELS FURNISHED. Write for Free Book.





Friction! Auto School. OO-W Beaver Street. New York.





 





   





 





i





Silver Herring 3c.





SELECTED QUALITY.

Don't miss this bargain while the catch is good.

Packed in strong. tight wooden pai knges, 0111' her-

ring are known to he the finest flavored of any.

Get our price list for other izirieties.





WISCONSIN FISHING C0.

Department Y. Green Bay, Wis.





The Michigan Farmer one year, The New York

(3-a-wook) World, one year, both only $ I .20



The New York World comes to you three times

each week thus giving you practically a New

York daily. The New York World is unexcelled

as a. newspaper and will keep you posted on the

news of the world. Send all orders to



THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





Holland Furnaces Make WarmFrIends





If You 3.9,





I “The Heart





. Has fewer joints, smaller

joints, is simpler and

easier to operate than any

other make. It will burn

any kind and all grades

of fuel—hard coal, soft

coal, slack or wood—-

without waste of gases,

Without internal ex-

plosions and without

opening of joints.

You can buy no

duller Henfin’g

PlantthanaHol-

land Furnace.





 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





IIIIIII.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 





We have fifty branch ofiices and warehouses in the States

of Ohio. Indiana. Illinois \Visconsin and Michigan. We

can absolutely 1usure correct installation by experts.





Send ’0'- Wu! catalog





Holland Furnace Co.





' Holland.

Mich.





msx ANY LUCKY OWNER”

Build or Owns-It Pays to Have





of the Home” ’l





The Holland Furnace.

size for size. will give

more heat from fuel con-

sumed than any other

011 the market. .

because it has the grate /

surface, the radiation

and the most perfect

and natural way. of /

burning fuel. Sold

under a Double





Gnu-an tee from ll





f unincc





 





 

 





factory direct to

consumer.
70—22





 





IE“!ElliHIllIiilliiilliiiliillliiilllllililiilllllillllilllliillilllIlllllliill||IllllliilllllllillllllllIllllllilllllillllilillllll|liillllilllllllilllliiilliiillllliliillllilllllllllillllilllillliilI|lll|IlilllllillIiilIlill|IlIIllllllllillilllllllllllifl





Farm Commerce.





LEIlliIllii||IllilliillllIlllllIlllliilllllIllllillllllililillfllllillIllllllillll||IilllllilIlilllilIIHIlilillIllillll||iiIlllilll||lillilliilllliillilllllilliiiiillilllilllIlilliiillliilIiill||IlllillillIliil||lillllilllilllllllllllliilliliiiiilllilllliifi





THEIMICHIGAN "FATRMER





 





Direct Dealing and the Public Market.





HE great problem of the farmer is



I the distribution and .sale of his



products so that he may deal more

directly with the consumer. The prob-

lem of the consumer is cutting down the

cot of living. Not until both farmers

and consumers realize the advantages of

a more efficient system of direct dealing

can the problem be worked out in a prac—

tical way. \Vhile the interest in direct

selling has been stimulated by the parcel

post, very few farmers have succeeded in

building up a profitable trade with city

customers. City newspapers have co-

operated with farmers and consumers by

publishing names of farmers with pro-

duce to sell direct, and consumers have

been active in devising means to deal

direct with farmers. The scheme is cor-

rect in theory, but in the majority of

cases it fails to Work out successfully.



The most puzzling problem confronting

both parties is that of determining the

honesty and businesslike dealings of the

other. How is the farmer to decide

whether the city, consumer is trust—

worthy? How is the city consumer to

decide whether the farmicr is truslt-

worthy? All of these problems must be

worked out before any satisfactory sys-

tem of direct dealing can be established

between the farmer and consumer. Ex-

perts have written interesting articles

telling farmers how to size up customers

for credit and. explained the numerous

advantages of dealing directly with farm-

ers Who have produce to sell. Tihese ar-

ticles have made mighty interesting read-

ing and, perhaps, proved helpful to many

farmers and consumers in working out

the letter writing end of their problems.

But the practical fact, however, is that

the customers who size up best for credit

are not the ones interested in cutting

down the high cost of living.



For example, Mr. Peter Smythe, presi-

dent of the Great Sand Bank of Chicago,

is not interested in buying two dozen

eggs each week from Sunnytop Farms, of

Oak Park, Ill. Undoubtedly, Mr. Smythc.

would be a very desirable customer from

the credit man’s point of view, butthe

truth is that a man of his standing in the

commercial world has other more im-

portant business on hand than employing

an office force to look after a mail order

business in eggs, broilers and farm pro-

duce.



We must deal with these problems as

we find them, and not as we picture them

in our minds. Perhaps Mrs. Smythe while

attending a meeting of the “\Voman’s

l‘plift Club,” :has been appointed to the

committee to investigate how to cut down

the c0st of living. She returns home and

writes to a farmer who has produce to

ship direct to the Smythe home. The

firsts months she buys a few dozen eggs,

some dressed fowls and maple sugar, but

eventually the fad is abandoned for an—

other. She is elected president of the

“Society for Finding HOmes for Indigent

Cats.” Her new duties require so much

of her time and attention that she neg-

lects to order more produce from the

farmer.



The problem of Sizing up customers for

credit would be simple, indeed, provided

one could build up a direct trade among

bank presidents, capitalists and successful

business men, but the fact of the matter

is the great mass of consumers, the ones

most interested in cutting down the cost

of living, are people in the middle Walks

of life. How to size up these people and

separate the sheep from the goats is a

far greater problem than some of our

learned experts would have us believe.

All direct dealing Should be on a strict

cash basis, at least until the parties are

sufiiciently acquainted to have trust and

confidence in each other. Most of the in-

vestigations of the farmer-to-consumer

problem wind up with the same conclu-

sions and the same recommendations. It

is found that unless the business is con-

ducted on a strict cash basis the risks are

too great; the losses absorb the profits.



In working out a system of direct deal-

ing and delivering the produce from house

to house in a large city the farmer is

compelled to spend too much of his time

on the road to make the business profit-

able. Then, too, city customers have be-

come so accustomed to buying from their

groceryman on time that it is very diffi-





cult to get Ihis money when he delivers

his produce. I have followed the articles

pro and con in the various farm papers

as to ”How to eliminate the middleman,”

and I have been interested, amused and

in turn saddened by some of the reme—

dies that have been suggested. After all

of the arguments have been presented

and the case given over to the jury of

readers, the fact is that the farmers and

middlemen have not been proven guilty.

Who is the guilty party? In ninety-nine

cases out of a. hundred it is the consumer.

I have spent considerable of my time in

the city for the past five years and I

know families who have become so ac-

customed to buying on the credit system

that they lhad rather pay their grocery

30 cents a peck for apples and potatoes,

and have them charged, than to pay the

farmer 50 cents a bushel cash for the

same products. \Vhen the consumer be-

gins to pay cash, and show the desire

to deal directly with the farmer, then,

and not until then, can we cut out the

middleman's profits. Consumers who

trade on the credit system always have





 





 





customers from day to day, and the wom-





an with her basket'is not compelled to‘





crowd through a mass of fighting hu-

manity to get to the farmer’s wagon.





In order to bring farmers and consum-

ers together week after week so that the

farmers will get more money for their

produce and the consumers more produce

for their money the market muFt be lo-

cated where the farmers can meet the

best customers. Can the farmer make

enough profit going to the market to cov-

er the expenses? Can the city consumer

save enough to pay her car fare and pay

licr for carrying her basket to and from

the market? In the last analysis it is the

problem of how much each party can

save by direct dealing on the public mar-

ket—and whether or not they can afford

to go to market and, if so, how they can

manage beSt. ‘



In Buffalo there are several markets

where farmers may sell their products.

These markets are owned by the city,

and the policy has been that the farmer

should be allowed to drive in and sell his

products from his wagon. Buffalo is a

city with a population approaching one-

half million and it now has several of

these markets serving different sections.

In these markets the farmers from the

surrounding country may be found nearly

every week day selling from their wag-

ons. There is a fee of 25 cents for one-

horse loads and 50 cents for tw0—horse

loads—a tax levied for meeting the ex-

enscs of cleaning the markets and paying

a clerk to attend to keeping order and





 





About 360 pounds of butter have been shipped in this crate since last May—-





30 pounds being sent every two weeks fr om Davisburg‘, to Detroit.





The crate





holds six five-pound crocks——three are placed in the bottom. a board laid in when

three more crooks are set on top. While all express companies will not accept

butter for shipment when packed in a crate, it has the advantages of easier

handling and of keeping the butter cooler in warm weather.





 





to pay dearly for the privilege. It is

wrong to heap the sins of the consumers

upon the farmer, or to blame the middle-

men, for the high cost of} living. They

are both innocent of the crime. Elimi-

nate the buying on credit, and the prob-

lem will solve itself. Money talks.



‘The public market in which the farmer

can sell his products directly to the con-

sumer affords an outlet for mixed lots of

produce, too small to cut any figure in

the regular channels of trade, but which

in the aggregate amount to millions of

dollars annually. For several months the

writer has made a careful study of the

public market problem as well as the

class of products produced by farmers

who haul their stuff direct to these mar—

kets. One of the discouraging features

of the present-day public market is the

fact that the farmer who wants to sell

and the well-to-do woman with her bas-

ket have no convenient; and sanitary

place of meeting. The average city mar-

ket is a clearing house for a class of

produce that appeals largely to the cheap

foreign trade, it, therefore, fails to bring

the farmer in touch with the better

claSs of custOmers who are willing to

shop with a basket and pay fair prices

for quality products when they can buy

them direct from the farmer’s wagon. In





order to get the best prices for their pro-3





ducts it is necessary for several farm-

ers to co—operate, rent space on. the mar-

ket, and employ a competent salesman to

grade and assert their stuff so that they

can supply a regular trade during the

year. In this way they can hold regular





 





looking after the placing of the wagons.



Many farmers have telephones and

keep in touch with conditions and prices.

They haVe regular customers and load

tiheir wagons according to sales made a

day or two before going to market. Most

of these farmers deal with city grocery-

men and hucksters, rather than bother

with the woman with a basket, the rea-

son being that the woman with a basket

is usually a foreigner who is looking for

something cheap. Many prosperous little

farms depend on these markets as an

outlet for their produce but few of them

devote any attention to quality. Fruits,

vegetables, poultry and dairy products

are hauled to market. The men who pro-

duce the better grade of products usually

sell to dealers who have space on the

part of the market where the stores are

located or else have a store of their own

where they can meet the woman with her

basket in a comfortable and sanitary

place.



Farmers come to these markets from

as far as thirty miles, but the bulk of

the produce is produced on small farms

within a radius of twenty miles from the

city. The usual vehicles are two-horse

wagons. many with covers and 'well-pro-

tected against dust and storms. This year

many farmers are operating motor trucks,

a few of these trucks come from as far

as forty miles. When the wagons arrive

at the market they are put in place and

the horses taken to a barn and stabled.

There is no protection for the wagon or

products except occasional awnings which

farmers themselves have provided.





JAN. 17, 1914.





The largest market is located near the

geographical center of the city and the

bulk of the farm produce goes to this

market—the other markets do a larger

business in a retail way, but do not have

adequate accommodations ‘for the farm-

er’s wagons. The city dealers who have





stores at the other markets depend upon





buying inOst of their produce at the big

central market. This scheme enables

the city dealers to control prices and

practically prohibits the farmer meeting

the consumer and adds greatly to the

cost of distributing the produce after it

reaches the city. A number of exten-

sive grovcrymen and meat dealers have

taken advantage of the situation and es-

tablished chains of stores in various parts

of the city. These men keep representa—

tives on the big central market who buy,

grade and distribute produce to their var-

ious private markets in the better regi-

dential sections of the city. In this way

each class of trade czm be supplied with

just the grade of produce it demands and

the buyer has an outlet for every grade

of produce purchased in the cheap mixed

lots.



After making a careful study of the

marketing problem as well as the distri-

bution of farm products after they reach

the city it seems as though there is plen-





ty of chances for farmers to reach the





city consumers if they would get to-

gether and establish small stores on these

city markets where they could deal direct

with city consumers. Fitting co-opera-

tion to these hundreds of t tall farmers

who hroduce such a wide variety of pros

ducts, so that they may get their share

of the consumer’s dollar means a direct

system of marketing through a co-opera-

tive SOCiety or farmer’s exchange. The

possibilities of such an exchange are by

no means confined to the local city mar-

kets. for the demand for quality produce

from several large eastern cities absorbs

a large quantity of the choicest products

hauled to the Buffalo markets. .\ number

of large commission firms operating in

the city buy annually thousands oi; dol-

lars worth of quality produce to be lead-

ed. and shipped by fast freight and ex-

press to New York, Philadelphia and Bos-

ton. ln a future article I Shall discuss

this phase of marketing and point out

the reisons why a, farmer‘s exchange

would prove of immense benefit to the

farmer who lives in close proximity to

large city markets, as well as some of

the problems connected with the sa'e and

distribution of farm products after they

reach the city. Those of our readers who

realize what one is up against when he

starts out to obtain facts about the in-

side workings of the commission business

in a, large city will appreciate the hard

work necessary for an outsider to gain a

practical knowledge of how the game is

played and be willing to overlook any

possible nus-statements which i 'may

make; however, it will be my aim to get

at‘ the true facts as nearly as possible to

get tilt-in from a. careful investigation.

New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





EGG MARKETING.





 





'\\'e market 65 per cent of our egg crop

in April, May and June, although the

consumption, of eggs runs very nearly

even throughout the entire year. The

American farmer today is paying the

middleman the princely sum of $238,000,-

000 per annum for storing and selling his

eggs. This sum of money would build

and equip sufficient storage to care for

the agricultural production of the nation.

The value of the nation's egg production

during a decade is equivalent in value to

all the farm property in Texas, would

build a city the size of St. Louis. and

wduld pay the national debts of Spain,

Japan and the United States combined.



The p0ultry yard census of continental

United States taken by the federal gov—

ernment, shows that the farmers of this

country gather approximately 1,591,311,-

000 dozen eggs per annum, which sell at

a farm price of $606,688,960, and a retail

price of $545,289,000. These eggs, accord-

ing to the market reports, are marketed

about as follows:





January . . ............ 47,739,000 dozen

February ...... . ......... 63,652,000 dozen

March ....... . ........... 65,000,000 dozen

April . . . . . . . . ............ 302,349,000 dozen

May . . . . . ................ 318,262,000 dozen

June .....................270,432,000 dozen

July ..... 79,565,000 dozen

August ...............143,218,000 dozen





September .............’.111,*311,000 dozen

October 79,565,000 dozen

November . .. .......... 47,739,000 dozen

December .. ............. 64,152,000 dozen

The average farm ptice of eggs per an;

num is known to be 20 cents per dozen.

and the average reta’l price was 35 cents

per dozen. ' P. RADFospt





 





 





 





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JAN. 17, 1914.





Cr0p and Market Notes.





Michigan.



Emmet Co.———An open weather month

has been the conditions for the month of

December. Fall plowing was done as late

as the middle of the month and there has

been no snow to speak of. The weather

is fine for getting up wood, but unpropi-

tous for the lumberrnan, or the best in-

terests of winter grains, new seedings,

and meadows. Some wood is being haul-

ed to market, on Wagons, of course, for

there has not been more than an inch or

so of snow, at any time; conditions be-

fore unknown in this country. W'ood

(seasoned) is selling for $2.25. There has

been no change in the price of farm pro-

duce since our last report.



Kaikaska 00., Jan. 5.——Owing to good

prices. stock of all kinds has been re—

duced to the minimum on most farms.

Hens are laying in a conservative way.

The roads have been fine for wagons. It

commenced snowing on the 2nd, and there

is now four or five inches, but not very

good sleighing, on account of soil mixing

with snow. Hard freezing with bare

fields has not been beneficial to fall grain,

new seeding of clover, alfalfa, etc. Potaj

toes are principally out of the hands of

the growers, and warehouses are carry—

ing light stocks, so that prices may be

expected to advance in the near future.

Farmers not engaged in lumbering devote

their time to caring for stock, cutting

and grinding feed, cutting wood, etc.

Taxes are very high.



Branch 00., Jan. 5.——The weather has

been unusually fine and roads are excel-

lent. Enough snow fell Jan. 3 to make

fair sleighing. Much full plowing has

been done, and work is in good shape for

spring. Not much stock in feeding, as

farmers seemed afraid of the market.

There was also a shortage of feed, owing

to drouth last summer. Farm produce is

in good demand at auctions, corn having

sold as high as 74c for 72' lbs. Appar-

ently wheat and seeding went into winter

in good condition. Hens have not com-

menced to lay much yet. Poultry selling

at 10@11c.



South Hiiisdale 00., Jan. 1,—But little

snow has fallen and but little frost in

the ground. Farmers are nearly all busy

now, some setting fence posts and mak-

ing fence, others tile draining,” some pre—

paring to build the coming summer and

are now doing their hauling as the roads

are very good. Hogs are nearly all sold,

which is about the only stock fed for

market. ,Few sheep and young cattle

raised, calves nearly all go as veals. 11.1 ‘

and other feeds plentiful, a good deal of

hay for sale, but none being sold, as the

price does not seem to be satisfactory.

Oats are also being held. Wheat is look-

ing fine, and seeding in good condition.

Milch cows high and in good demand at

$60@il50; hogs $7.50@7.75; wheat 86c;

com 300 a basket; oats 350; eggs 300;

butter 30c; chickens 12c; milk $2 per cwt.

thlzlns have continued to lay during the

a . _





 





New York.



Genesee 00., Jan. 7.—We have had an

insufficient amount of rain, some wells

are very low. We got enough snow for

sleighing for the first time this season,

on Dec. 26. No potatoes are being mar-

keted, the growers declaring they will

hold .until they get a dollar a bushel.

Most of them are in grave doubts, how-

ever, about getting it. The elevators are

full of beans; some producers have sold,

others only stored. Dealers are not mar-

keting any to speak of, market is not

brisk enough and the price too low. Some

hay sold. There is only a. small amount

of stock being fed this winter. The

weather was so mild all through Decem-

ber that many hens started laying, there-

fore the price of eggs declined. A good

deal of the seeding failed owing to the

drouth, but those which have caught,

also fall grain, Went into winter quarters

in fine shape, the ground being frozen

very little before the snow came. Fol-

lowing al‘e dealers’, not retail, prices:

Butter, dairy 320; creamery 350; milk 8c

per qt; pork, dressed 10c; live 7175c; eggs

34c; chickens 12@14c; lambs, dressed 12c;

wheat 920; oats 450; potatoes 550; beans

$1.90@2.75; cabbage $20 per ton; hay, loose





$11@13.

Pennsylvania.



Erie Co., Jan. 5.—VVe are having as

fine winter weather as we have had for

a number of years. The snow is about 18

inches deep, with the sleighing fine. The

farmers are feeding a little more stock

than usual this winter. Hens have begun

to lay. Seeding is looking good. No

wheat is grown in this section. There

is not much for marketing here in win—

ter except hay at about $10 per ton. The

Erie County Milk Association is going to

start a milk c0ndenscr in Greenfield which

is under construction now. It will be a.

great help to the farmers.



Perry 00., Jan. 5.—We are having real

winter weather, with sleighing not very

good on account of some heavy hauling

being done on wagons. Stock is in fine

condition. Wheat and young grass were

well Started when snow fell. Farmers

are engaged in getting wood ready for

summer, hauling lime and manure to the

fields, and attending Farrners’ Institutes.

liens are laying few eggs. Quite a few

farmers will haVe sales in March and quit

farming, and are getting their stock in

fine condition with special feeding.





Prices: Wheat 88c; potatoes $1; eggs

35c; turkeys 20c; chickens 120.

Ohio. .





Ciermont 00., Jan. 6._-Ground covered

with two inches of snow. Few eggs since

New Year. Tobacco raisers are stripping

and hauling tobacco, which is selling at

9@129§c according to crop. Dairymen

are busy fixing barns and caring for

stock. Hogs still being shipped to Cin—

cinnati market at 8%c. Wheat and rye

are in good condition. County roads are

bad, but this county has a number of

good pikes. Shipping of cream and milk

to Cincinnati is the leading business now.





-' THE,M-ICHIGAN FARMER





Farmers of Small farms find prafit in

butter making. Butter selling at 30c;

eggs 320; cows $60@75; calves $13.



Fairfieid 00., Jan. '6.—We are having

nice winter weather with about six

inches of snow. The temperature is very

mild for winter, just about the freezing

point, with prospect of more snow or

rain. Stock is doing well except where

cholera is causing much loss to farmers

whose hogs are affected with the disease.

Much fall plowing has been done. The

roads are in bad condition except where

plenty of good gravel or limestone was

used. Timothy sown last fall is net very

promising, perhaps because seed was not

good, as very little was saved last sea-

son, and no telling how old what you buy

is. \Vheat 94c; corn 600; potatoes $1;

chickens 9@110; turkeys 17@25c and are

scarce; eggs 25@30c; butter 25611300; ap-

ples retail at 5@60 per lb; hay $15 per

ton. Milch cows very scarce and prices

high.



Hancock 00., Jan. 3.——VVe are having

fine weather at present, with very little

snow. Quite a number of cattle and hogs

are being fed in this locality. 'Hens are

beginning to lay. \Vheat and seeding are

looking very good. Farmers are mar-

keting corn and hogs at present. No

cattle sold yet, as farmers are holding

them at around 80. Roads are very good

fOr the time of year. Farmel‘s are doing

their *winter butchering and chores.

Farmers’ Institute at Macomb Jan. 5-6.

Poultry is about all marketed. Chickens

120; eggs 28c; butter 2:50; hogs 8c.



_ indlana.



Elkhart 00., Jan. 5.—Have been having

fair winter weather with a few inches of

snow, which has been a protection to the

wheat. The usual amount of stock is





being fed and are in fair condition. Hens

are not laying very well. Eggs are 400;

butter 30c; chickens 12c; hogs 70. Farm—





ers are selling considerable corn at 550;

also poultry and hogs. Roads have been

in fair condition during the last month.

The year 1913 was a fairly prosperous

one for this county.



Daviess 00., Jan. 5.——Land hilly, dirt

roads bad, improved roads in fairly good

shape, and work .on them goes on nicely.

Very few hogs and cattle are being fed

and marketed on account of the light

corn crop. Dairymen seem to be doing

well. Hens are beginning to lay and egg

prices are lower. Plenty of fall and early

winter pasturage helped to solve the feed

problem. Mild winter is favorable for

feeding operations, but the freezing and

thawing is hard on wheat and fall sow-

ings of grass which do not look as prom-

ising as in early winter. Feeds, gener-

ally n;e scarce. There is considerable

building, especially barns, Prices: Hogs

$7.50; steers $6107; horses $125@300;

wheat 90c; corn 600; oats 55c; butter

27c; eggs 27c; chickens 10c; potatoes $1

per bu; apples $1.50 per bu. Plenty of

rain with no cold Weather nor snow to





speak of. .

Wayne 00., Jan. 3.—We are havmg

id 6111 winter weather with about three





inches of snow on the ground, and it is

still snowing. The Weather has been

favorable all fall for the wheat, which is

in fine condition. The roads are in ex-

cellent shape. and the farmers are well

prepared for winter and are therefore not

very busy. Those using wood for fuel

have been getting their year's supply out.

About the usual amount of stock is be-

ing wintered, and all in good condition.

Hens are not laying much so far. Not

much being sold from farmers now.

Wheat 930; corn 60c; oats 40c; hogs $7.50;

cattle 6@7c; chickens 10c; eggs 27c; but-

ter 25@27c.

Wisconsin. -





Polk Co.—There is not Very much snow

here as yet. We have as fine roads as

anyone could wish, and thOSe having au-

t0s say they were like cement pavement

up to New Year's day, when about four

inches of snow fell. The amount of stock

being fed is not very much, as it is a

dairy county. Quite a number of fall

pigs kept which will be ready for market

about April 1. Hens are not doing very

well. The price of eggs is 300 per dozen

for stamped and 260 for unstamped. Some

hay sold for $12 per ton. No winter

wheat seeded this fall, but a lot of rye

soWn which looks fine. Clover seeding so

far looks as good as could be expected.

Crcameries are paying 42c a lb. for but-

ter-fat for December. A few farmers

are logging a little for themselves, as

they are going to build barns and silos

the coming season, others are getting

wood for next smmer, while most of the

farmers are just taking care of their

stock.



illinois.



LaSaiie 00., Jan. 2.—Now have a snow

fall of two or three inches. Weather is

warm and snow is melting fast. Wheat

appears to be in good condition. Hens

are laying well for this season of the

year. Farmers are planning and prepar—

ing for the spring work but have nothing

steady to do right now. Butter is selling

at 30c; fresh eggs 33c; lard 11c.



Livingston 00., Jan. 5.——The farmers

are resting comparatively easy during

this mild weather. There is very little

work to be done except to hUSk some

corn that was pulled in the field and

thrown in the dry places in shed or

barn. People here intend to construct

more pikes this year, and in order to

plan the Work along intelligent lines, a

good roads congress was held recently.

There was a large and enthusiastic at-

tendance. Prices for produce remain

very encouraging. A two-inch snow is



(Continued on page 72).





HOW TO CLASSIFY YOUR CORN.





 





It is an important thing for farmers to

understand to what grade their corn be-

longs when marketing, since prices are

graduated to suit the comparative values

of the different kinds. The gOVernment

will establish fixed grades for this cereal

to take effect July 1. Learn the kind of





corn that will be allowed in the different ‘





grades from the Farm Commerce Depart-

ment of the Michigan Farmer next week.





 





 





 





 





 





 





We are the originator: of the K".

only guarantee that stands the F

test in the scale: of justice. '.; ‘._ 2





 





INCE 1832





test of service under





Before we purchased





 





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in design and construction





have kept David Bradley

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Whether you want a walk-

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Our guarantee





 





 





 





 





David Bradley

Plows have been the accepted

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methods of manufacture and di:





rect from factory dealing, we sell

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you its exceptional high quality; ;

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Tools will serve you a: no other tools can or will. So

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No K1154





The Recollection of Quality Remamo Price $0.90 .





Long After the Price in Forgotten. "

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72—24





THE MICHIGAN FARM-ER





JAN. 17, 1914.





 





 





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Markets.

”llllilllillllliilllIlillllillllllllliillllliilllliilllillllilllllllllllllIllIIIillIillllflIIIllllllIIIlliIHIIIiIIlIIIIIfi





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





 





January 13, 191.4.



Wheat—The wheat market took a bul-

lish turn on Monday. Up until the close

Saturday, trading had continued on a

steady basis. Reports from nearly all

sections of the world favored better

prices. The crop of Argentine is report—

ed as small as early estimates placed.it.

European markets are coming to this

country for wheat and a considerable

amount has been purchased in Chicago

during the past few days for immediate

export. The American visible supply

shows a vey nominal increase over a

week ago, farmers holding back any sur-

plus new in their hands for better val-

ues. Corn showed considerable strength,

and this aided in giving wheat a better

tone. The extreme cold wave threatens





the growing plant in sections having no





snow. All these factors worked to

strengthen the trade. One year ago the

price for No. 2 red Wheat on the local

market was $1.15 per bu. Quotations for

the past week are:



, No. 2 No. 1‘





Red. White. May





Wednesday ........... 98 971/2 1.03%

Thursday . . . . . ........ 98 97% 1.03%

Friday - ................ 98 971/2 1.03%

Saturday .............. 98 97% 1.03%

Monday ............... 981/2 98 1.04%,

Tuesday .............. 981/}, 98 1.04 14





Chicago, (Jan. 13l.—No. 2 red wheat,

963,...c; May. 92c; July, 880.



Corn.—A1though corn values have ruled

lower this past week; there was a change

of sentiment Monday with the arrival or

the cold wave. Feeding operations will

demand a larger amount of this cereal

should the cold weather continue. On the

local market there are only moderate

receipts and the trade is inactive. The

visible supply shows an increase of over

two million bushels. One year :‘go the

price for No. 3 corn was 500 per bu. Quo-

tations for the past week are:





No. 2 No. 2



Mixed. Yellow.

“"ednesday . . . . . . ......... 63 65

Thursday . . . . ............ 03 65

Friday ................... 63 65

Saturday ................ 63 65

Monday ............. 63 65

Tuesday .................. 63 65





Chicago, (Jan, 13).—No. 2 corn 64617

65c; May 65%c; July 651/8c.



Oats.—Prices were the same at the

close of the first market day this Week

as they were a week earlier. A very

sn.all quantity of oats is being brought

to market, while the demand Shows im-

provement. The visible supply decreased

two-thirds of a million bushels. One

year ago standard oats were quoted at

361/2c per bu. Quotations for the week





are:

Standard. VVhlte.

. No. 8

\Vednesday ......... . . .. . . 41 40 be

Thursday ................. 401/2 40

Friday ..... ............... 401/2 40

Saturday ................. 41 401/2

Monday .................. 41 40%»

Tuesday .................. 41 401/2





Chicago, (Jan. 13).-——No. 3 oats 381/2@

39c; May 397/gc; July 390.



Beans.-—'l‘he cold weather added some

strength to the bean trade by increasing

the demand and otherwise favoring the

movement of the legumes l’l‘fces are

steady. The local board of trade quotes

immediate and December shipments at

$1.85; Jan., $1.87; Feb., $1.92 per bushel.

Chicago reports a small trade. Pea.

beans, hand-picked. choice, are higher

at $2.05; common $1.75@1.90: red kidneys.

choice, higher at $2.90 per bushel.



Rye.—’l‘his cereal rules steady. N0. 2

is quoted at 66c per bu.



Barley.——-At Chicago barley is quoted at

5261775c per bu., while Milwaukee quotes

the malting grades at from $58@76c.



Cloverseed.—A]though a good demand

prevails prices are off 35c for cmnmon

Feed but higher for alsike. Prime spot

is quoted at Detro’t at $9 per bu; March

$9.10. Prime alsike steady at $11.75. At

Toledo prime cash is quoted at $9.10 and

prime alsikc at $10.90.



Tlmothy.——Prime spot is 50 higher, be-

ing quoted at $2.55 per bu.



Alfalfa.——Up 5c. Prime spot $7.25 per

bushel.





FLOUR AN Dungeeos.





 





Flour.—-Jobbing lots in 1,4; paper sacks

are selling on the Detroit market per 196

lbs, as follows: Best patent, $5.30; sec-

ond, $4.80; straight, $4.50; spring patent,

$5.10; rye flour, $4.40 per bbl.



Feed.—ln 100—lb. sacks. jobblng lots:

Bran, $25; coarse middlings, $27; fine

middlings, $29; cracked corn, $29; coar.”e

corn meal, $28; corn and oat chop, $25.50

per ton.



Hay.—All grades are steady. Prices:

Carlots on the track at Detroit are: No.

1 timothy, $156916; standard $14fr‘15; No.

3, $126514; light mixed $14@14.50; N0. 1

mixed $136013.50.



New York—Hay market quiet. No. 1

timothy $205062]; No. 2 $166017; clover

$176818 per ten for large bales.



Chicago—Choice timothy is quoted at

$17.50@18 per ton; No. 1 $16@17; No. 2

$134014.



Straw.——~All grades rule steady. Rye

$86129; oat straw $7.50@8; wheat straw

$7618 per ton.



Chicago. Quotable as follows: Rye $7@

7.50; oat $7@7.50; wheat $6.50@7.



New York—Rye straw, $17@18 per ton;

oat straw, $12.





.DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





 





Butter.-—There has been a sharp de-

cline in butter prices all over the coun-

try, the lOcal price dropping 20. Quota-





 





tions: Extra creamery 33c per lb; firsts

29c; dairy 21c; packing stock 18c.



Chicago—Conditions on the market

were very quiet. There is .a good supply

on hand and demand is light. The better

grades have declined in price while the

poorer stock advanced stightly. Quota-

tions are: Extra. creamery 32c; extra

firsts 2861-‘29c; firsts 26@28c; seconds 22@

230; ladies 20((0210; packing stock 12@2OC

per lb, according to quality.



Ellyn—Market firm at 32%@33c per lb,

which is 2c 10Wer than last week.



New York—Market unsteady with

prices dOWn 31/20. Quotations: Creamery

extras 33(12331/20; firsts 28@320; seconds

24@27%c; packing stock Jill/ac.



Eggs.——Local receipts light. Demand

is fair. Prices 1/2c lower. Current ’e-

(eipt; of fresh stock is quotable at 310

per dozen.



Chicago—The colder weather has kept

the market firm. A small pe:cent.-ge of

receipt: are newly laid stoek which has

to be rehandled to SatiSfy particular

trade. Quotations are: Miscellaneous

lots, cases included, 28@SII,{3C, according

to quality; ordinary firsts 2961;291/2c; firsts

31%«0311/2c; refrigerator StOck is steady

at 2814(11281/2c for April firsts.



New York.~—~Market firm with prices

about 20 lower than last week. Quota—

tions: Fresh gathered extras 360; extra.

firsts 341/2@35c; firsts 33@34c per dozen.



POultry.——Local market hoids firm but

with prices about 1c lower on all stock

except geese and ducks which remain





unchanged. Receipts are easily disposed ,





of. Quotations: Live—Springs 14c; hens

13@131/2c; turkeys 19@200; geese 141/261)

150; ducks 16@17c.



Chicago—Market conditions look better

than last week. Demand is increasing.

Prices show but little change. Quotations

on live are: Turkeys, good weights, 160;

other 12c; fowls, choice 13c; spring chick-

ens 121/2c; geese 10613120, according to

quality; ducks, choice 15c.



Cheese.—The market continues firm

with prices about l/zc higher on'flats.

Michigan flats are quoted at 1514760160;

New York fiats 17léfii’iSc; brick cream

16@16%,c; limburger 14@15c.



Veal.—Market is firm with prices un-

changed. Quotations: Fancy 15@1‘ic;

common 12@14c.



At Chicago the trade was quiet with

light receipts and little demand. Good

to choice, 900(110 lbs., quoted at 1461)

1415c; 606090-11). weights 12611130.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





 





Apples—Market active with prices in-

creasing. Quotations: No.: 1, $4.80@5;

N0. 2. $2.50@3.50 per bbl. At Chicago

a. good steady feeling prevails l‘rices

are slightly higher than last week. Of-

ferings are cooler apples. Value for coun-

try picked range from $3.50@5.50 per bbl.

No. 1 Jonathan's are selling for $4.50@

5.50; Spies are $4@4.50; Baldwins are

$4.25@4.50.



Potatoes.—The local market is steady

with prices unchanged. Demand is good.

Quotations: In bulk 65@700 per bu; in

sacks 7061175c per bu. for carlots. At Chi-

cago prices are steady. Cofd weather

slightly restricted trade. The general

quality of receipts are good. Michigan

stock is held at 63@71c. .



Cabbage.-Steady with prices unchang.

ed. Good quality is quoted at $2.50@2.75

per bbl. The market is firm at Chicago.

Demand for old stock is good. New

southern stock is quiet. Prices are un-

changed. Quotations: Holland $1.85 per

bbl: $2602.50 for red; new $2.25 per bbl.



Onions.»0n the local market. prices are

steady. Quoted at $1.15 per bu. 'for yel-

low and $1.40 per crate for Spanish. At

Chicago trade in domestic stock is good

and supply is ample. Sacks 6561170 lbs,

Michigan grown sell at $1.25@1.35.





PRICES ON DETROIT EASTERN

MARKET.





 





The market was very small Tuesday

morning because of the cold wave; there

were not over a dozen wagons, and these

brought vegetables only. Parsnips were

selling around 70c; carrots 700; cabbage

9006M]. Ce‘ery varied greatly in quality,

the prices asked ranging from 15W30c

per bunch, and none of the celery offered

could be considered high grade. Loose

hay is not moving freely as yet, with the

majority of the loads selling at $16(_u..]7

per ton.





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





 





While beans have advanced 10@15c in

the. past three weeks the market just now

is pretty quiet, with $1.606121.7O the ruling

quotations to faxiners for white pea, and

$2 for red kidney. There is some spec-

ulation in beans and at Flint last week

prices were advanced 15c. As to the fu-

ture of the bean market the wisest ones

are making no predictions. As to pota—

toes there is equal uncertainty, the local

market remaining steady at 6061 70c.

Sharp winter weather early this week is

expected to stiffen egg prices, and will

also affect other produce. Grand Rapids

mills are quoting grain as fOIIOWS: Wheat

93c; corn 65c; oats 39c.





W— I

THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

January 12, 1914.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, New York).



Receipts of stock here. today as follows:

Cattle 199 cars; hogs 150 double decks;

sheep and lambs. 90 dOuble decks; calves

800 head. '



With about 200 cars of cattle on our

market here today and 29 000 reported in

Chicago, all the best grades of cattle sold

about steady with‘last Monday up until

noon. About the noon hour there were

about 20 loads of fresh cattle arrived

which had to be .rold from 10@15c per

th. below the opening of the market.

HeweVer, at the close about everything

was sold, and if receipts west are not too

heavy the remainder of the week, we ex-





 





pect a steady market here. Bulls sold

from $6.75@7.40' for top kind. All fat

bulls in demand. Milkers and springers

selling 10w and from $8@10 lower than

tw0 weeks ago.



Total receipts today footed up to about

150 double decks; a good liberal supply

and a few more than were generally ex-

pected, consequently a lower market.

Yorkers and mixed grades sold at $8.50

generally. Pigs as to weight and quality

t8.25@8.40; roughs $7.50@7.75; stirs 8

6.50. A good many hogs arrived late for

market and, owing to the blockaded con-

dition of the yards“, quite a number of

them are going over unsold. Closing

trade was steady and looks like about a'

steady market for tomorrow.



The market was active today on handy

lambs and sheep but dull on heavy lambs.

Prices steady with the close of la. t week.

Choice handy lambs selling mostly from

$8.356u8.40; heavy lambs selling mostly

at $7.50. \Ve look for slow trade on

hcaVy lanlbs all the season. Mo‘t of the

orders calling for lambs weighing from 75

to 80 lbs. Look for about steady prices





‘on sheep and lambs last of week, unless





We have heavy receipt‘.



We quote: Choice lambs, $8.30@8.40;

heavy (‘0, $7.50((l7.65; cull to fair do,

$6@8; yearlings, $6.50@7.25; bucks, $3.50

@4; handy ewes, $5.50@5.75; heavy do,

$5.25@550; wethers, $6@6.25; cull sheep,

$4674.75; Veals, choice to extra, $11.50@

12; fair to good, $10@11; heavy calves,

$5.50@‘8.



Chicago.

January 12, 1914.



' , Cattle. H‘ogs. Sheep.

Receipts today ......29,000 48,000 40 000

Same day last year..29,027 47,720 23.735

Receipt4 last week..51,712 190,243 124,740

Same week last year.58,367 188,552 125,138



Cattle start off this week with quite a

good demand, the cold snap imparting

more animation to trade, and fat butcher

stock is selling especially well. Steers are

steady to a dime lower, the run being

much greater than usual, the best heavy

steers reported so fir going at $9.33. Hogs

are steady to a nickel lower, the extreme

range of prices being unchanged. l'logs

received last week averaged 214 lbs.,

comparing with 209 lbs. a week earlier,

226le. one year ago, 211 lbs. two years

ago, 243 lbs. three years ago anl 209 lbs.

four years ago. Sheep and lambs are in

good demand, with prices pretty largely

a dime lower. Tops reported are: Lambs

$8.30; yearlings $7.10; wethers $6.15; ewes

$5.50.



Cattle prices received a boost last week

and showed net gains of 15@25c for most

descriptions, with a smaller advance in

c0Ws and heifers. The meager offerings

during the first week of the year result-

ed in a larger demand last week than us-

ual, packers having unllilled buying or-

ders, and the bulk of the beef steers

went at $775699, with the best class

bringing $9@9.4'0 and choice little year-

ling steers and the better class of heavy

beeves selling' for the first time in weeks

on a level. The predicted falling off in

marketings of long-fed cattle is at last

taking place, and they may be expected

to do better for sellers for the remainder

of the winter season. The cheaper cass

of light-weight steers sold at $6.65fl7.75.

with a medium Class bringing $7.80(q)8.35

and good steers fetching $8.40@8.80, while

steers classed as choice brought $8.85 and

upward. Good feeding weather has cau. —

ed many stockmen to hold their cattle

back, but severe storms will be sure to

start in many warmed—up lots. Butcher—

ing COWS and heifers had a gcol demand

at $4.75@8, a few prime heifers selling

around $8.25@8.50. while cutters brought

$4.15@4.70, cannel‘s 5532551410 and bulls

$4.75@7.50, a few yearling buils going for

$7.75@8. There was only a moderate

business in stockers and feeders, offer—

ingsbeing not IdZ‘ge and prices tendingr

upward. M0st of the heavy feeding steers

found buyers at $6.50@7.65, while stock

steers went at $5.25@7.40, prime yearling

stockers being the highest sellers. Stock

and feeding cows and heifers had an out-

let at 3548001650, while prime stock calves

brought $675658. Calves made a new

high record by selling up to $12 per 100

lbs. for the best light Vealcrs. with S'iles

all the way down to $5076 for coarse

heavy lots. Milch cows had a Very small

sale at $5061.75 each, only those from oth-

er states on which health certificates

were issued being permitted to go to

lllinois dairymen.



llogs were marketed freely last week.

but they came to a good market, for

there was a lively local demand, as well

as f‘l large call for choice hogs of strong

weights for shipment to eastern packing

points. This eastern outlet has increa. ed

greatly of late, as eastern hogs are be—

coming much scarce, and by causing

lively competition between buyers. prices

have risen to the highest level recorded

in a long time. The preponderance of

light hog; among the daily runs still

causes the best hogs carrying lots of

weight to bring a premium over all oth-

ers, the best light hogs selling around 15c

under top quotations. The. extreme range

of prices for hogs of the various dc. crip-

iions is very much narrower, however.

than during the past summer, and pigs of

good weight sell relatively much better

than then. Prospects for hogs appear to

be, bright. with no likelihood that future

supplies of matured swine will be as large

as recent supplies, and healthy hogs

should not be sent in prematurely. Fresh

and cured hog products continue in large

demand, but stocks of provisions in Chi-

0880 WHY‘GhOU-‘Tes the first day of the year

Were unusually large. 'ggregating 86,-

246,503 lbs., 00mparing with 62.488.771

lbs. a month earlier and 74,800,099 lbs. a

year ago. Closing sales of hogs Saturday

were the highest of the week, the range

being $8608.40, with pigs bringing $7@8 in

in0st instances. while stage went at $8.25

«178.60 and vthrowout packing sows at $7.60

@8. Hogs were 10617150 higher than a

week earlier.





Sheep and lambs have sold recently at

much the highest pricesrecorded in sev-





eral months, doing what Was predicted

some weeks ago. at whlca time the range

ship-ping season was in full blast. This

applies to everything fat, including year-

lingS, wethers and ewes as well as lambs

while feeding lambs are so scarce that

even at ruling high prices it is extremely

difficult for coLmtry buyers to make pur-

chases. The best prices for prime flocks

of popular weights brought the highest

figures recorded Since last July. and pros-

pects for the future could hardly be any

brighter. Shippers competed with local

slaughterers for the best lots, and this

made better values. The week closed

with lambs selling at $6@8.35 after an

$8.40 top, while recent sales Were made

of feeding lambs at $6.25@7.25. Yearlings

have been going at $6.25@7.25, wethers

at $5.40@6.35, ewes at $3.50@5.75 and

bucks at $3.25@4.





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





(Continued from page 71).





on the gonad and some sleighs and sleds

are being used as the old snow had not

gone before the new one came. ‘



'MarIOn 00., Jan. 2.-—With the excep-

tion of a light snow on Christmas day,

the Winter has been unusually mild. Much

ram has made the roads almost impas-

sable. More stock than usual is being

wmtered, but a large number of horses

and mules have died. This lOss is laid

to the feeding of corn fodder made poi-

SOnOus by last summer's drouth. The

wheat and grass seeding appear’to be in

good condition. The hens have begun to

lay, so eggs at 300 a dozen and ‘hogs at

70 3. lb. are the chief products marketed.

The farmers are chiefly-employed in cut-

ting wood. .



Champalgn 60., Jan. 5.——Weather very

mild, very little weather under freezing

pornt yet, very little snow. Roads all

through December were rough and mud-

dy. Nothing being marketed. Corn is in

very bad condition, containing 20 to 25

per cent moisture, and on account of ex-

ceSSive discounts at terminal market,

lai‘mers will not sell. Butter and eggs

very scarce. Hogs are pretty Well clean-

ed up. and no cattle being fed. Farmers

have not-hing to do but are waiting for

better roads and better markets to de-

liver their corn.



Missouri.



Vernon 00., Jan. 5.——Not much.stock

being fed in this county owing to short-

age of feed. The Weather has' been very

threatening for two weeks, but no snow

to amount to anything. The ground is

frozen. The Wheat and meadows seem to

be standing winter fine. Farmers are

busy laying in their supply of winter

wood. Hens are beginning to lay and

eggs are worth 270 a dozen, which looks

good to the farmers, as that is What we

have to look to for our living.



Nodaway 00., Jan. 3.—The weather has

been cold and damp all fall, with not

much snow so far. Seeding is in fine

shape. Not much stock being fed, owing

to the high priceof corn. Not many hogs





. in the county. Hens not laying much as





yet. Farmers selling but very lit-tie as

the corn is still out. There are quite a

number of public sales and good prices

are being received. Good milch cows

bring $100 or more.



Lafayette 00., Jan. 5.—-T'his section has

no snow, and the roads are very rough

after the mud and this cold weather.

Farmers are cutting their fire wood.

There are Very few cattle fed in this

section, as dairying is the main branch.

They are still Shipping a few carloads of

hogs every week while the price is going

up, hogs selling at $7.25 per cwt. Wheat

looks fine. The hens are not laying very

much, eggs selling at 28c; butter 350.



Mississippi CO.——Owing to the mild fall

and. winter the early wheat has made

good pasture and late wheat is fine.

Corn is selling at 63c and a very poor

grade. A good many horses dying from

blind staggers from feeding bad corn.

The year has not been a successful one

for farmers in Mississippi county. Hogs

are selling for 7c; eggs 400; chickens 10c;

good hay scarce and very high, plenty of

poor grades.



Kansas.



Franklin 00., Jan. 5.—There is little

feeding being done, as stock was sold off

close this fall. Some young cattle and

young mules are being fed. Brood sOWs

and pigs are being kept. it seems a gen-

eral complaint that for the past two

months hens were not laying well, but

they haVe begun to lay quite well again.

Eggs 30c. T‘le latter part of December

We had abollt three inches of snow which

stayed on the ground until Jan. 1, then it

ntarly all melted in one day, making the

roads muddy, but they are now frozen

and very rough. Much attention is given

the roads in this county, and they seldom

get in as bad condition as they are now.

Wheat is looking fine, but seeding is only

fair. Farmers have little to market at.

this time of the year. They all keep

quite a few dairy cows and sell cream.

which Is now 30c. Farmers in this lo-

cality have been doing their butchering

and preparing wood for the winter and

next summer’s use. Natural gas is used

hereto quite an extent. This county

furnishes some good gas and oil wells.



Marlon Co.-—-VVeather moderate: snow

about gone. Only 10 per cent of usual

number of cattle on full feed. Sheep

about normal. Fat hogs getting Scarce

and there will be a shortage of brood

sows. Prices of grain a. little lower than

a month ago. Eggs have been quite

plentiful here so far this winter. Lést

year's drouth? practically relieved the

farmers of any remunerative employment

for this-'winter. At present some are

cutting osage hedge for fuel and posts.

butchering, mending harness, etc. Ten—

ants are moving or preparing to do so.

There will be no stock. Cattle are be-

ing brought here until time to turn them

on grass, which is May 1. No ice put up

yet. Winter wheat and'fallgraSS seed-

ing in good condition. Prices on horses

are becoming so low as to stop sales- The

average farmer has little to sell but lots





to buy, and times will not be good until





We get a good corn crop.





‘





 





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JANI'17,‘ 1914. ‘-





THIS‘IS THE LAST EDITION.-





 





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock Markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi—

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.



January 15, 1914.

Cattle.

Market strong at W'ed-





 





Receipts, 1058.

nesday‘s prices.



We quote: Best steers and heifers $8

@825; steers and heifers, 1009 _

$7.50@7.75; do 800 to 1000, $6.7o@7.25;_(10

that are fat, 500 to 700, $5.75@6._00;

choice fat cows, $575606; good do, $-)@

5.50; common do, $4.50@5; canners, $3@

4.25; choice heavy bulls,“ $6.50@6.75; fair

to good bolognas, bulls, $6606.25; stock

bulls, $5@5.75; choice feeding steers. 800

to 1000, $6.75@7.25; fair do, $6616.50:

choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6@6.50_; fazr

do, 35.506416; stock iieifer.<, $504.6; mi hers,

laige,- young, medium age, $75@100; com-

mon milkers, $45@60. ‘



Bishop, B. 6’: H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 4 steers av 755 at $6.60, 1 cow wg‘h

960 at $4.50, 2 do av 1010 at $5.50,_4

butchers av 900 at $5.25, 2 cows av 9.30

at $4, 15 butchers av 731 at $7, 1 cow

weighing 930 at $6, 25 Steers av 980 at

$7.50; to Thompson Bros. 2 cows av 960

at $4.25, 4 do av 965 at $5.50, 2 do av

1075 at $5.25; to Goose 5 do av 900 at

$5.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull _wgli 1100

at $6.65, 1 do wgh 1330 at $6.25, 3 can—

ners av 850 at $4.35, 1 do wgh 920 at

$4.25, 8 steers av 786 at $7.25, 1 bull ago

1470 at $6.25, 3 butchers av 870 at $6, 4

do av 84.7 at $7, 2 cows av 1220 at1$ji, 1

do wgh 840 at $4.25, 2 butchers av 00:) at

$5, 5 steers av 1126 at $8.25, 3 cows av

950 at $4.50, S cows and bulls av 110:) a;

$6.10, 1 heifer wgh 600 at $6, 2 butchers

av 925 at $6.75, 4 cows av 102:7 at $3.33; to

Bresnahan 8 heifers av 707 at $6.30; to

Mich. 13. Co. 10 cows 11V 1125 at $.1.90;Ft0

Newton B. Co. 26 steers av 1050 at $7.50.

5 do av 858 at $7.25, 3 COWS av 10.13 at

$5, 4 do av 1012 at $6, 1 caiiner wgh 7.10

r 4.

dtri$alev & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 2 cow's

av 83) at $4.75, 1 steer wgh 1000 at >51.

4 butchers av 870 at $6.10, 1 cow wgn

1090 at $5.50, 3 steers :iv 870 at $6.10; to

Newton B. Co. 3 butchers av 870 at $6.50,

5 steers av 924 at $7.60, 2 cows av 1080

at $4 85. 5 do av 1086 at $6, 1 biil'. wgh

1190 at $6.25. 4 cows av 895 at $6, ’11

steers av 812 at $7.15, 4 do av 845 at $7.60.

24 butchers av 960 at $7.35, 1 steer wgh

900 at $6: to Sullivan P. Co. 5 cows av

990 at $5, 1 do wgh 750 at $5.10;_ to

Thompson Bros 2 do av 995 at $4.79, 2

do av 860 at $4.25; to Fieldman 2 do av

1030 at $4.90; to Kammziii 2 heifers av

765 at $5.50; to Mich. B, Co. 6 butchers

av 745 at $6.60, 1 cow wgh 1170 at $1.75.



SI'H-r & 7:. sold Kamman B. Co. 19

steers av 1010 at $7.50; to Applcbaiim '1‘

cows av 907 at $5.50. 1 bull wgli 8603i}

$6.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 10 steers av «97

at $6.65, 1 ball wgh 1140 at $6.50, 5 steers

av 824 at 37,42 do av 660 at $5.50; to

Murray 4 stockeits av 5-57 at $6; to _New-

ton B. Co. S cows av 994 at $550; to

Rattkowsky 2 steers av 810 at $6.25.



Roe Corn. Co. sold Newton B. Co. 3

cows av 937 at $5.25; to Murray 10 stock-

cr.= av 684 at $6.50; to Newton B Co.v6

butchers av 706 at $6.60; to Sullivan R.

Co. 4 COWS av 1087 at $5, 2 do av 910 at

$4.25; to Murray 2 stockers av 585 at

$6, 2 feeders av 720 at $6.75; to Ratt-

kowsky 6 cows av 923 at $5, 2 heifers av

670 at $6.50, 1 bull wgh 840 at $5.50, 1

cow wgh 1060 at $5.50; to Hammond. S.‘

& Co. 4 canners 11v 912 at $4; to Goose 0

cows av 890 at $5, 4 do av 917 at $0; to

Mich. B. Co 7 butchers av 680 at $6.39;

1 cow wgh 850 at $5.50, 14 steers av «21

at $7, 1 bull wgli 1700 at $6.75, 2 heifers

av 640 at $6; to Masrin 1%. CO. 6 butchers

:iv 1000 at $6.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 1

cows av 833 at $4, 4 do av 812 :it_$4; to

Bl‘eitenbeck 23 steers av 1024 at $1.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 421. Market steady.

$11@12; others $8@10.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson "Bros.

2 av 155 at $11 50, 10 av 151 at $11.75; to

'Ratner 1 wgh 180 at $12. 1 wgh 160 at

$11.50,1 wgh 110 at $11.50, 2 av 155 at $10.

14 av 150 at $11.50; to Goose 10 av 127

at $11.25; to Rattkowsky 3 av 120 at $10:

to Nagle P. Co. 10 av 136 at $11, 9 av 140

at $10, 2 av 125 at $10.50; to McGuire 2

av 140 at $11, 2 av 130 at $10.50, 7 av

150 at $11.50, 11 av 130 at $11, 2 av 180 at

$12, 3 av 145 at $11. .



Roe Com. Co. Sold Mich. B. Co. 2 av

155 at $11, 2 av 205 at $9, 2 av 130 at $9,

. v 145 at $11.50.



2 Sharp sold Mich. B. CO. 7 av 135 at $11;



Spicer 8: R. sold Mich. B. Co. 3 av 12.)

at $10, 4 av 140 at $11.50, 3 av 125 at $10.



Sheep and kLambs? d B t



Recei ts 9366; mar et 3 ea y. es

lambs. $8; fair to good lambs. $7.50@7.75;

light to common lambs, $6.50@6.75; year-

lings $6.50@7; fair to good sheep, $4.50@

5.25; culls and common, $3.30@4.2;3.



Bishop, B. H. sold Chapman 41

sheep av 110 at $4.60, 32 do av 12.) at

$5.10, 28 lambs av 70 at $7.25, 62 do av

60 at $7.40, 63 sheep av 95 at $4.75. 13

lambs av 60 at $7.25, 71 do av 75 at $8:

to Swift & Co. 612 do av 80 at $8. 24 do

av 110 at $7.35, 13 do av 85 at $7.85: to

Parker. W. & Co. 7 sheep av 100 at $4.25:

to Sullivan P. Co. 8 do av 95 at $4.50:

to Hammond, S. & Co. 47 larrbs av 60 at

$7.80: to Nagle 1).. Co. 13 C) av 58 at

$7, 19 sheep av 120 at $5, 199 lambs av

78, at $7.90. 41, do av 65 at $7.75,,15 do





Best,





av 65 at $7.25, 91 do av 88 at $8, 122 do

av '78 at $7.75. 43 sheep av 110 at $5.25.

13 lambs av 58 at $7.50. 43 sheep av 110

at $5.25, 374 lambs av 75 at $8, 77 do av





 





to 1200, .





 





TH E? "’ M I-CH'IGAN‘FAR'M ER ‘





.74 ,at ,$7 70, 74 do av 63 at $7.50: to

Turnbull & H. 138 do av 81 at $8, 37 d0

av 85 at 5.8; to Costello 20 do av 60 at

$7.75, 23 do av 58 at $7.50, 16 do av 70 at

$7.40; to ThOmpson Bros. 44 do av 70

at $7.25; to Breitenbeck 32 do av 67 at

$7.50; to Newton B. Co. 50 yearlings av

88 33%; to Sullivan P. Co. 51 do av 90

at .



Haley & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 14 lambs

av 55 at $6.50, 33 do av 75 at $7.85, 53

sheep av 115 at $5; to Nagle P. Co. 18 do

av 120 at $4.75, 18 lambs av 95 at $7.75.



Spicer & R, sold Mich. B. Co. 14 lambs

av 75 at $7.65. 13 sheep av 95 at $4, 21

lambs av 75 at $6; to Nagle P. Co. 64 do

av 75 at $7.90; to Costello 33 do av 50 at

$7, 17 do av 55 at $7.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 30

sheep av 70 at $4.35; to Nagle P. Co. 133

lambs av 75 at $7.90, 30 do av 72 at $7.90,

12 do av 80 at $7.75; to Barlage 80 do

av 85 at $8; to Sullivan 1’. Co. 57 do av

60 at $7.15, 5 sheep av 90 at $5, 37 do av

80 at $4.35, 11 do av 105 at $4.75, 2 bucks

av 160 at $4.



Sharp sold Mich. B. Co. 69 sheep av

115 at $4.80, 56 lambs av 85 at $7.85.



Sandzill sold Breitenbeck 24 lambs av

80 at . .



Bennett & S. Sold Nagle P. Co. 49

lambs av 73 at $5, 117 do av 85 at $7.90.



Stier :old Suliivan P. Co. 14 sheep av

105 at $4, 58 lambs av 85 at $7.65.



Sandi-Ill Sl'ltl Hammond, S. & Co. 21

sheep av 110 at $4.40.



Hogs. ,



Receipts 5233. None sold up to noon;

looks like $8.25@8.35.~



itoe (Tom. 0). sold Sullivan P. Co. 225

av 190 at $8.30. .



Bishop, 15, & l1. Fold Hammond, S. &

$2303 3190 av 190 at $8.30, 415 av 160 at



Haley & M. sold Parker, W, & Co. 660

av 195 at $8.30.



Spicer 8: it. sold same 875

$8.30.





av 190 at





 





Friday's Market.





January 9, 1914.

Cattle.

Receipts this week,

1528; market steady.

\V'c quote: Bcst steers and heifers, $8

@825; steers and heifers, 1000 to 1200.

315001765; do 800 to 1000, $6.75@7.25;

do that are fat, 500 to 700, $5.50@6.25;

choito fat cows, $:).75@6; good do, $5@

5.50; common do, $1.25@4.75; canners, $3

.114; choice heavy bulls, $650717; fair to

good bolognas, bulls, $6@6.25; stock bulls,

$5045.50; choice feeding steers, 800 to

1000, $6.75@7.25; fair do, SSS/@650; chOice

stocltez'S, 500 to 700, $6@6.50; fair do,

$5.75@6; stock heifers, $5@5.75; niilkers,

large, young, medium age, $70@S5; com-





1990; last week,





inon niilkers, $406155.

Hogs.

Receipts this week, 8508; last week

10.204; pigs steady; others 5@10c higher.





ltango of prices: Light to good butch-





ers, $8.30@S.35; pigs. $8.25; light yorkers

383011835; heavy. $8.30.





MICHIGAN CROP REPORT.





 





VVheat.——ln answor to the question, “Has

wheat during lieceiiibci‘ suffe.‘ed injury

from any cause," 129 correspondents in

the state answer “yes" and 2.17 “no," and

in answer to the question, "Has the

group-l bi-ezi \ltll covered With 51 or dur-

ing December, all correspondents

throughout the state answer “no."



The total_iiumber of bushels of wheat

iiiai‘ketcd by iariiiers in December at 80

LULU‘lIlg mills was 146,202, and at 85 ele-

vators and to grain dealers 89,138, or a.

total of 235.340 bushels. Of this amount

173.126 bushels were marketed in the

southern four tiers of counties, 49,922 in

the central counties and 12,292 in the

northern counties and upper peninsula.

The estimated total number of bushels of

wheat marketed in the five months, Aug-

ust—December, was 3,500,000.



Sixty~two mills, elevators and grain

dealers report no wheat marketed in

December.



The average condition of live stock in

the state is reported as follows; compari-

son being made with stock in good, heal-

thy and thrifty condition: Horses and

sheep 96; cattle 97, and swine 95.



The average prices Jun. 1 of some of

the principal farm products were as fol-

lows:



The average price of wheat per bushel

was 91c; rye 62c; corn 69c; oats 41c. The

average price of hay per ton was $13.18.

The average price of fat cattle was $6.40

per cwt; of fat hogs $7.25 per cwt, and of

dressed pork $9.68 pcr cwt.



The avorage price of each class of

horses was as follows: l'nder one your

old, $56.69; between one and two years





old $92.96; between two and three years

old $134.37, and three years old and 0Ver

$173.18.





Milch cows were worth $60.34 per head.

Cattle other than milch cows, under one

year old $17.77; between one and two

years old $30.14; between two and three

years old 845.09 and three years old and

over $58.10.



Sheep under one year old $4.07 and one

year old and over $4.79.



Hogs not i‘attcned $6.74 per cwt.



The prices given are for the state.



The price of wheat is 50 lower than one

year ago; rye the same: shelled com 130.;

oats 6c and hay 58c higher.



The average price of horses. etc., one

year ago was as follows: Under one year

old $53 52; between one and two years

old $26.36; between two and three years

old $129.26 and three years old and over

$168.00.



.Milch cows were worth $46.85 per head.

Cattle Other than milch COWS, under one

year old $14.02: between one and two

years old $23.53; between two and three

years old $35.10, and three years old and

over $44.76.



Sheep under one year old $3.75 and one

year old and over $4.30. Hogs not fat-

tcncil $6.20 per cwt.



Prices Compared with Ten Years Ago.



On Jan. 1. 1904. the average price of

wheat was 80c; shelled corn 47c, and oats





35c per bushel; hay $8.35 per ton; fat

cattle $3.41; fat hogs $4.19, and dressed

pork $5.53 per cwt. Horses under one

year old $33.24; betWeen one and two

years 010 $52.75; between two and three

years old $78.06, and three years old and

over $108.29.



Milch cows were worth $34.32 per head.

Cattle other than milch cows, under one

year old $10.26; between one and two

years old $17.35; between two and three

years old $26.59 and three years old and

over $34.21. Sheep under one year old

$2.82 and one year 01d and over $3.43.

Hogs not fat $3.78 per cwt.





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





hell we send you free book about





APPLETON





WOOD SAWS





It shows pictures of all our buzz.drag,cir-

cular logsaws and portable wood sawing

rigs, wt .or without Appleton Gasoline

Engines, Tells you straight facts which

we guarantee our saws to back up. Opens

a way for you to make money this Winter

sawing your own and your neighbors’

wood. You want a saw to last—made

strong—boxes that never heat-don't: ex-

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fippfieton, 4:!) years the standard. Send for

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>- APPLETON MFG. co. 620 5..., 5., ,\





 





Painl Wilhoul oil





Remarkable Discovery That Cuts

Down the Cost of Paint Seventy=

Five Per Cent.





 





 





A Free Trial Package is Mailed to Everyone

, Who Writes.





A. L. Rice, a prominent ,manufacturer of

Adams. N. Y., has discovered a process of making

a new kind of paint without the use of oil. He

calls it Powdrpaint. It comes in the form of a

dry powder and all that is required is cold water

to make a paint weather proof, lire proof and as

durable as oil paint. 1t adheres to any surface,

wood. stone or brick, spreads and looks like Oil

paint and costs about one-fourth as much.





Write to Mr A. L. Rice. Manuf’r., 95 North

St. Adams N. Y.. and he will send youairee

trial package. also color card and lull informa-

tion shownig you how you can save a good many

dollars. Write to-day.





DlRECTiiFACTORY SALE»





THE WARREN MOTOR CODIPANY are

closing out all surplus stock of new auto parts at.

rioee that demand quick sale.

100 Spark Plugs......... ...... ..

150.00 Full floating rear nxles........ .. ....

30.00 Front axles".....................

50.00 Pressed steel Frames—all sizes





 





   





 





. 1



100.00 Auto Bodies........................ 30

60.00 Radiators—many siz s and styles 15.00

100.00 Magnetos........................... 35 00



8.00 Iron Vices ............................ . 3.19

15.00 Eletcrie Home 398



5.00 Complete Tool Kits .......................... 1.09

50.00 Steering Gears................................ 219

11.00 Gasoline Tanks—square .................... . 1.00





18.00 Oval and round Tanks................





Anything else? We have it. Send for abig bargain

list of new goods being sold at this sale, Get on our





mailing list. Hundreds of other automobile arts and

accessories, are shown on our Big Bargain

goods sold at. 6111! sale. Write for this quick.





WARREN moron on 0 .6332328331.





beet of





 





 

   

   





 





Belt In the World-fiend for Proof 4

' 1 ti 1, b t in - 4

999113129)? 3:139:11 ole-nil oncoigi-

rovenunte. Madam our own hem,

flankedbymyws experience. '





 





 





Don't Buy the Ordinary Kind—Investigate the Monarch

Compare the Mifiintx Monarch with the ordinary shim

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equipment we give you. Semi for catalog and guarantee.

Dept. M p , Lone Tree. Iowa





 

 





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carton-Banner Seed 60.. In: 14 Sugar Grove.





 





 





 





It Pays to Feed

DriedBeetPulp





Increase production at a lower cost.

Better try it. you can‘t lose. Write





 





1‘. F. Marston, Bay City, 11.8., Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





l " . 11’:~.€‘.i'.‘{fv:§l;ge%";7%

ssiusni FERACKE'

wasiho yield oiVlllEA'l' ~





on many terms in West- .

ern Canada in 1913. some

ields being regorted as :

igh as 0 ushela '

per acre. As high as

100 bushels were record-

in some districts .



for cats. 50 bushels for





     

 

 

   

   

   

 

 





 

 

 





 





J. Keys arrived in the

try 6 years ago from Den- .

mark, with very little means. He , \

. bomesteaded, worked hard, is ‘1,

3 now the owner of 320 acres of ,

. land, in 1913 had a. crop of 200 3

acree.whioii will realize him about :5

‘ , . His wheat weighed 68 ‘\ \\:

' lbs. to the bushel and averaged ~

over 85 bushels to the acre. ‘





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   





 

 





 

 





Thousands of similar instances mightbe

related of the homesteaders in Manitoba.

Sn: hewan and Alberta. \



The crop of 1913 to an Abundant one >

, everywhere in We: m Canada. \

‘ Ask for deacx-ixtive literature and reduced

nilwng rites. pply to . ,



uperintendent of Immigration.

wa, Canada, or





Canadian Government A8936-

". V. Machines.

- I76 Jeiierson_lvom,:

' Detroit. Mich. ‘





 

 





 





 





I absolutely guarantee tosave you $50 to





$300 on any Galloway gasoline engine. Made .in

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—without an equa on the market—sells for $99.50 for

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Get My Catalog and low Direct Prices

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185 Galloway Station. Waterloo. low. "





   

   

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 





 





I



The Empire Kind

’. Don’t guess about them » - try them.

' . Thousands use Empire Steel Wheels



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. . E

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: EMPIRE MFG. CO. mm.

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For Sale and Exchange





One of the most modern. fire-proof, completely

equippoil'tilo. brick and hollow-ware manufacturing

plants, With all necessary drying care. Eli. switches,

etc... in Northwestern Ohio. Located in good clay

district and near largo oity markets. Demand for

clay products unlimited. and plant has not been able

to supply demand, Will sell outright or will take in

exchange for good portion of purchase price of plant,

good farm land. Balance easy terms, do not answer

unless you mean business.



Address, Lock Box I7. Risinzsun, Ohio.





HOME MIXED FERTILIZERS

SAVES MONEY BETTER CROPS





The purchase and home mixing of fertilizer materials

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We are the largest importers and distributors. and the

gunmen of home mixin . We carry full stocks of

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AND WHY” 96 on HOME MIX





NITRATE AGENCIES COMPANY.

McCune Building. Columbus. Ohio.





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207 Water St., Boston, Mass.





WeWaanAY&STHAW





'We get the top price on consignments. make

liberal advancements and prompt remittances.





Daniel McCaiirey’s Sons Co.

PITTSBURG, PA.





Reference, Washington Trust. Company. or any bank in city.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





' Wh l l '

GrlggS. Fuller & 00.. p.332? ° 6133333“ 53.13::





potatoes, poultry and rabbits. Quick returns.





FOR SALE or EXCHANGE-





Hotel, livery. potato cellar. coal & wood business in con-

nection. ,oach or will exchage for farm worth up to

$ , and pay diii'erence. Address Box 7,01arion, Mich.





FARMERS—47% are paying good premium above

the (labial Detroit Market for new-

lgldi'itfi' “llgrdif‘iii‘ m“ ”’2‘”?' W1?“ ““

ma . w pay you. me can utt

a I“ 00.. 31-33 Griswold so. Detroit. moi-l
74—26





\





,THE‘ MICHIGAN FARMER





JAN. 17, 1914.





 





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MAKE YOUR HENS EXERCISE,





 





January, February, and part of March,

generally are three of the coldest and

stormiest months, and it is up to us

poultrymen to keep our i‘owls reasonably

comfortable. One of the best ways of

doing this is by making the birds exer—

cise or work as much as possible. Exer-

cise on cold mornings is actually worth

more than feed. It sets their blood into

circulation, warms them up and makes

them feel more comfortable. There is no

question but that one of the greatest es-

sentials necessary for winter egg-produc-

tion and the production of fertile eggs, is

plenty of exercise. Exercise not only

helps keep the hens warm, but it aids

digestion, and prevents bad habits.



In order to do this subject justice we

will have to start with the condition of

the house and the litter. Provide enough

ventilation to keep the interior and the

litter dry at all times. Increase ventila-

tion until this is possible. remembering

that the more ventilation the drier the

house. Admit all fresh air through one

end only, preferably the south. During

the winter the other three sides must be

absolutely air tight. Allow no drafts of

any kind in your poultry house.



For winter litter I prefer either coarse

oat straw or fine, wheat straw. The deep—

er the litter the better, and we would

consider nothing deep enough that did

not measure at least a foot. All the grain

feed should be scattered in this dry, loose

and deep litter and a fork should be used

to get it well down into the same, so

they will have to work for every particle.

As soon as the litter gets broken up,

damp and solid, remove it, and replace

with fresh clean and dry material. If

your house is properly ventilated, and

not over crowded, this will not be neces—

sary more than once a month. Change

the litter often enough to prevent it from

becoming damp, soiled, solid and broken

up. Whenever you put in new clean lit—

ter and have scattered a little grain in

it, take a little of your Valuable time and

watch the hens. See how busy and con-

tented they are, and how they will sing

and work. Remember, a. singing and

working Ihen is nearly always a laying

hen.



ln feeding green food make them work

as much as possible, in order to get at it,

In feeding cabbage and mangolds, sus-

pend the same. from the ceiling high

enough up so that they will have to jump

just a little in order to reach it.



I haVe even found it advisable to raise

the self-feed hoppers two feet above the

iloor for the same reaSon. The water

dishes should also be raised above the

floor for the same reason. The grit and

shell hoppers ‘we leave down near the

iloor, so we may be sure they always

have enough of it. These may appear

like small and insignificant things, but

they all count in increasing winter egg

production, and the health of the flock.



I occasionally give a feeding of corn on

the car or wheat in the sheaves, for no

other reason than to make them work

more. In such cases I cut out entirely

the reguiar morning feeding of grains, be-

cause I. take great care not to feed too

much grain feed in the morning. If it is

done, you will see them iiiling up with it,

and sitting on the roosts until the next

feeding. The most important factor real-

ly coming under this subject. is” the mat-

ter of the amount of grain to feed in the

im’u‘ning. It must be fed very sparingly,

only about a quarter as much as they

would get if a full feed was given. At

night I feed about three times as much

as in the morning‘.



All of our dry :nas‘n hoppers are equip—

ped with doors. so they can be clo—‘cd at

night and not opened before the next day

noon. This is also done to induce the

rowls to exercise more.



New York. F. W. KAZMEIER.





MATING FOR EARLY CHICKS.





 





When early chicks are wanted for

Summer shows, or for use as spring

chickens, no time should be lost in get—

ting the breeding stock together. Sound

judgment must be exercised if the best

results in the way of strongly fertilized

eggs and rearable chicks are to be se—

cured. In the first place the hen which

should be discarded for early breeding is

the one that has been forced to lay dur-

ing the time she was changing her plum-





! Poultry and Bees.





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age, as the hen which produces eggs dur-

ing the moulting time is under a double

strain which unfits her for the parentage

of early chickens. Either her eggs will

prove unfertile or they will produce chicks

incapable of withstanding the cod winds,

etc., incidental to early breeding. The

hens that were the quickest through the

month and that are reddening up for lay-

ing are the ones to select for the breed-

ing pen. I have only referred to hens

not pullets, as experience has taught me,

that the older birds will produce the

strongest early chickens. If two-year-

old hens are mated to a strong vigorous

well-matured cockerel, the best results

can be obtained. Only from fully ma-

tured birds can chickens of good size be

bred, and since it does not follow that be-

cause a pullet is laying she is fully de-

veloped, it is unwise to use her as a

breeder.



Some poultry keepers like to get a

hatch of early chickens out with the ob-

ject of securing eggs, when the older

birds are moulting. Chickens hatched in

February or March, should, if of good

laying strain, be laying in August. In

mating fowls for the production of early

laying stock one has a better chance of

producing good layers from hens than





from pallets. because one knows the cap-

abilities of the hens as layers, while those

of the pullets is an unknown quantity.

It does not t‘o'low that because any par-

ticular hen laid say 180 eggs in her pul—

lct year, that all her female progeny will

in turn produce this number.



Should the hens be backward in the

production of eggs, they may if in good

healthy condition, be mated up as early

as possible as the presence of a male

bird will hasth egg production. Should

the hens. however, be laying prior to the

introduction of the male, the latter should

account for fertile eggs after running,r

with the hcns for two weeks. It is not

advisable to run too many hens with the

male bird, remembering that the breeders

are deprived of those natural conditions

which contribute to fertility when sum-

mer conditions prevail. During the time.

breeding operations are carried on, meat

and green vegetable food should be sup—

plied. Exercise is also of great import-

ance.



The male bird should be watched oc—

casionally to ascertain his disposition

towards his mates. Some males are

spiteful and drive the hens away from

their food. Such males are practically

useless as early breeder-s. Other males

will allow the hens to consume all the

food, whilst they stand idly by, and

these are. generally the most reliable

breeders when rightly managed. Such

birds should be removed from the breed-

ing pens for an hour daily, and should be

given a good feed of mixedgrain, oats,

wheat and peas; also they should have

lean meat and a drink of milk. Unless

the males are well fed the breeding op-

erations will not be successful.



Canada. W. R. GILBERT.



Watch that the ducks have suitable at-

tention and regular feed. A few well

cared for pays better than too many that

are slighted.





A Good Bunch of Farm Hens.





AN EGG PRODUCTION RECORD.





 





Persons interested in poultry production

will no doulbrt'be interested in the hen

produced at Purdue University. The hen





is named Miss Purdue and has produced-





443 eggs, weighing 41.5 pounds, in the last

two years. She is a White Leghorn.

Miss Purdue weighs only 3175 pounds

and during these Uwo years has produced

|11.8 times‘her own weight. Can you

think of any animal existing today that

has produced 11.8 times its own weight

in two years? The answer is, no. Dur-

ing this time She consumed 732 pounds of

food. From every pound of food consum-

ed she produced 315 eggs. This shows

'how efficient the vital organs of this hen

really are. Certainly not very much of





the food consumed by Miss Purdue was





wasted.



Experiment stations have proven that

it takes about 12 pounds of feed to lay

on a. pound of flesh on a steer and about

four pounds of feed to make a pound of

pork. Compare these figures with those

above and see how much more efficient

the hen is. than either the steer or hog.



The feed cost $1.93 cents for the. two





'.years but the value of the eggs in the





Lafayette market was $10.10. All of them

sold for 27.4 cents per dozen while it only

cost 5.2 cents per dozen to manufacture

them. The profit in the two years was

$9.08 over the cost of the feed.



The above shows plainly what can be

done in egg production. The average hen

is regarded as an animai of very little

value but if they are given the- proper





 





feed and cure the poultryman will more



than be paid for his trouble and the feed.



We need more of these kind of hens.

Indiana. J. C. KLINE.





BEES ON THE FARM.





 





There are a number of good reasons

why farmers should have at least a few

hives of bees. So close is the relation

between bees, clover and fruit trees, that

they are indispensable to the farmer who

is striving for the largest yields. The

principal reasons for the lack of clover

seed in some seasons is because of the

absence of beeS, blossoms were not prop-

erly fertilized.



The presence of bees in a fruit district

greatly increases qualities and quantities

of the orchard's yield. Many seed grow-

ers and fruit men make large induce-

ments for the apiarist to locate his yard

or yards in or near his property. The

furnishing of a house, location for the

bees and garden spot are some of the in-

ducements offered by men who know the

valuable services that bees render him in

the fertilization of blossoms.





Some farmers have doubtedi as to

whether insects. most important of which

are bees, are necessary in order to effect

fertilization in clover and on fruit. This

question has been carefully investigated

many times. Clover plants growing mid

other plants have been separated by cov-

ering them with a sieve through which

bees could not pass. With this excep-

tion, treatment of clover and its exposure

to sunlight was exactly similar to other

plants growing around it. The results

showed that no seed was furnished. by

plants thus covered, while those around

them produced abundantly.



Fruit trees have been covered with

mosquito netting to prevent bees from

reaching the blossoms and while uncov-

ered trees prodt'iced well, the covered

ones had a small amount of fruit, and





those ‘were runty on account of imperfect

fertilization.



Growers of greenhouse truckery have

the problem of having contents of green-

house properly fertilized. Many owners

have taken this problem into their own

hands and provided .the remedy. A col—





ony of bees is put into the greenhouse.





during blossoming time, and bees in their

efforts to get pollen from the blessoms,

go from one to another and thereby effect

perfect fertilization. The results are very

gratifying. This treatment is very hard

on bees, however, and many wear them-

selves out in efforts to get out of the

glass top.



In clover and fruit growing districts it

is certainly worth while to give some at-

t"ntion to the bee industry of the locality.

It would not be easy to say how many

colonies of bees may be kept for the

proper fertilization of blossoms and the

largest yield of honey. Bees generally

use the nectar nearest to their hive, al-

though a source from which honey is

easily obtained wll induce bees to go a

longer distance. \Vhen nectar supply is

exhausted nearby, bees will go about

three miles in eVery direction from the

hive. Very few places are so poorly lo-

cated that bees will need to go over one

and one-half miles from home except

where a large number of colonies are

kept.“





Bee-keeping will prove profitable for‘





the farmer aside from value rendered in

the fertilization of blossoms.



The old methods of farmers should be

given up, for there is no reason why bee-

keepers should not handle their bees by

more profitable methods, even if they

have only a few colonies Bees are gen-

erally kept on the farm. a few colonies

here and there, scattered in different 10-

calities, ordinarily do the best in honey

production, for location is not over stock-

ed, as they are frequently ‘vith the bee-

keeping specialist with his large apiaries.

Almost double the amount of honey can

be obtained from a colony thus situated,

if given proper attention. The greatest

mistakes farmers usually make are that

bees are not given a. little attention in

spring so that colonies will be strong in

numbers for the honey flow and later in

furnishing bees with too small amount of

super room. The bees on this limited

space in a few days at the opening of

honey flow and then turn their attention

to swarming. Several swarms result from

these cramped quarter’s instead of a large

yield of honey. Farmers might as well

have hundreds of pounds of the finest

honey instead of but a few pounds of

the inferior kind, if plenty of storage

room was given and honey promptly tak-

en away as soon as completed.



Bee-keepers should know the honey-

p':‘od1u~ing plants of their localities and

date near which they blossom so that he

may provide super room at the right

time. N. F, GUTE.





 





POU LTRY NOTES.





Feed plenty of green stuff because it

aids and increases digestion and keeps

the fowls healthy. fircen foOd, sunshine

and plenty of fresh air are all the tonics

needed by fowls. I feed about an armful

of alfalfa hay to a flock of 100 hens once

a day at about 10 o‘clock, At noon one

day we give a feeding of cabbage, the

next day a feeding of mangolds, alternat-

ing thus each day. Of the cabbage and

mangolds only as much as they will eat

by four o’clock is fed and no more.



If the late-hatched pallets: do not start

laying as early as they ought to, feed at

noon :1 grain mash mixed with an equal

amount of buttermilk. That means to

100 lbs. of dry mash mixture add 100 lbs.

of buttermilk. Fccd about 7 lbs. of this

wet mash to each {lock ofloo. This

mash acts as a stimulant and forces them

along a little faster. It is, of course, fed

in addition to the regular ration of dry

mash in hoppers and grain in the litter. I

find it produces most excellent results

and gets them into the pink of laying

condition in a short time.



Study the fowls» carefully. It helps one

to determine how much to feed and what

to feed. Any poultry owner can profitably

spend a few minutes each day studying

his flock of chickens. By so doing he

will be better able to supply their needs

properly; also he will notice the unprofit-

able individuals—those which are last up-

on the roosts in the morning and the first

on them again in the afternoon.



The latest census reports show that

there are 9,967,039 fowis in this state and

about three-fourths of them are egg pro-

ducers. The annual production is 59,915,-

851 dozen eggs, with a farm value of $11,-

734,799. The yearly poultry production is

12,877,537 fowls, valued at $6,191,440.





 





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JAN. 17, 1914.





SOME COMMON CHICKEN AILMENTS-





 





Diarrhoea.



One of the chief ailments to which

wrongly- -fed chickens are subject is diarr-

hoea, the result of feeding on sloppy or

sour foods, drinking impure or sunheated

water, and dampness in the sleeping

quarters. When chickens are fed on soft

foods containing much moisture, their di-

gestive systems become debilitated, and

the result is looseness of the bowels The

same remarks apply in the case of

chickens fed on stale, soUr food. Chick-

ens that are confined to damp coops. or

compelled to run on damp ground during

spells of cold weather are liable to con-

tract chills, which are, if they affect the

bowels, the cause of bowel looseness.



The ailment is catarrhal in its origin

and resembles catarrh of the nostrils,

which is caused by irritation of the lining

membrane of that organ. Catarrh of the

intestines gives rise to looseness in those

organs, and the voidings are frequent and

liquifled. \Vhatever may be the cause of

the trouble, diarrhoea is an indication of

intestinal irritation, and until the irri-

tan-t matter is remOVed from the bowels,

the frequent and watery evacuations will

continue. A chick suffering with diarr-

hoea should be given a few drops of

warm castor oil to rid the intestines of

irritant matter, and this should be fol-

lowed a few hours later by a few drops

of olive oil, which Will have the effect of

Soothing the bowels. Rice boiled in milk

is the best food while the diarrhoea lasts

but should the birds be too weak to eat.

then let them have as much thick barley

water as they care to drink. The old

method of giving powdered chalk in cases

of diarrhoea was based upon ignorance,

and often did more harm than good owing

to the gritty nature of the stuff. Chalk is

more likely to cause irritation than allay

it in the intestines, and consequently is

not safe to use in cases of bowel loose-

ness.



Constlpation.



Chickens that are reared on land devoid

of grass are more liable to suffer with

constipation than is generally imagined.

it is inactivity in congested quarters. and

lack of green food which causes the trou-

ble. Cases of this kind rarely occur

among chickens that are allowed the run

of a rich pasture; indeed, should bowel

stoppage occur among such birds it is

generally traceable to some obstruction

in one of the passages. The too frequent

use of bone meal or other limy substances

in the dietary of chickens is liable to

cause constipation, so that, although such

things are a necessary part in the dieting

of the youngsters they should be uSed

with discretion, and in conjunction with

plenty of g1een vegetable matter. In

cases of constipation it will be seen that

the voidings are attended with much

Straining on the part of the birds. and

that the vents of the latter are more or

less clogged with the excreta. The 11c-

c-umulated matter should be removed

from its location, being first softened

with a sponge dipped, in warm water. and

then cut away with a. pair of scissors.

care being tken not to injure the skin.

Both the accumulated matter and the

feathers to which it adheres may be re-

moved. after which a little vaseline should

be applied to the bare parts. The best

food for the chickens so treatd will be

brown bread crumbled and mixed with

other soft foods for a few days. But the

1:;1uSe of the trouble must be remedied

by inducing the birds to exercise. and by

allowing them a good supply of vegetable

food.



. Cramp.



Cramp is either the result of running

and sleeping on hard floors, or exposure

to wet and cold. In the former came the

leg joints are stiff and sore, whilst in the

latter case the toes are drawn in by con-

traction of the muscles. It is a great

mistake to attempt to rear chickens on

hard ground,‘ or to allow them to sleep

in coops where floors are unprovided with

plenty of soft dry litter. It is equally as

unwise to attempt the raising of chick-

ens on and that is naturally damp, or to

give them no means of adequate shelter

from cold rains. The remedy for cramp

such as is caused by running 011 hard

ground, or sleeping in coops with bare

floors will be apparent to all those con-

cerned in the"Welfare of the little ones.

For cramp caused by damp andexposure,





a Simple remdy is to hold the birds legs.





in fairly hot water, to which- has been





._ added a little common washing soda, and

then to dry them and: give them a brisk





rubbing with some good lotion, after

which the patient should be kept in a





warm place for a. day or two.

Canada. W. R. GILBERT.





sci-11 Inn'-

, Winner I!!!





l'l J.

el:rl. Illinois

Winnlr III]





Ir. F. E.

Innnltt. 1111-

Winner III!





 





 





Win-Zr“ 18 ll





 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   





ho you





ight.





 





~NEVER Such Poultry:

‘ _and Egg DENIAND '





-betore in poultry business. Shortage of

beef. pork, mutton makes this poultrymeu’s

Qonanza year. Poultry profits 111231; But use

rig/z! tools—get full measure success.





CYPHERS INCUBATORS





______...._ and BROODERS

World s Standard. Self- regulating;se1f-veutiiating.

Fireproof: insurable. Highes . , .

records for In , continuous '

hatches. Get yp‘ners

pan ’3 244-11 e catal

entry gui e if]: uy.

ally help mpters.

Address today.

Cypher: Incubator Company





Dept. 35 Buffalo, N. Y.





 

 

 





 





 

 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





a—Esophaxus l—Pa n creas





b—Crop m —— Heart

c—Gizzard n—Lungc

d-e—Inteotlnes o—Kldnoyo

g—Bectum p—Ovnrtes

I—leer q—Ovlduct





lit—Bladder





   





 





' ~13 -;~

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You can find it in

the I. C. S. Poultry or

Agricultural Handbook—





The above illustration is one

of the ninety-five shown in the

I. C. 8. Poultry Handbook.





This book contains 343 pages of the

best ideas and working methods of the

most successful poultry raisers in the

country—boiled down and indexed for

ready reference.





It treats oi Poultry House Construction:

Composition and Value of Foods; Feeding

()hicks. Growing Fowls, Guineas, Geese and

Pheasants: Natural and Artificial incubation;

Brooding; Forcing for Eggs and Market: Breed-

ing; Diseases; Treatment; Judging; Poultry

Show Rules; Marking Technical Terms; etc.





The I. C. S. Agricultural Handbook contains

381 pages and treats of Soil Improvement;

Drainage; Tillage; Farm Crops; Fruit and

Vegetable Culture; Livestock; Feeding: Dis

eases; Dairying: Bacteria; Bee Keeping; Im_

plemente; Machinery; Agricultural Tables; etc.





SPECIAL OFFE : £35,;

time we ffer the cad f thi mag“ ‘11

either 0: these rxcgulfrs $01. 25 sliandhoogg.

at a special introductory price of 50C





'f01- each.

INTERNATIONAL TEXTBOOK CO.

Box 11.57. Suntan. Po.





 





I inclouu ‘-

[hudbmhuulhiulw Kim‘sn-Amfl W1





Name ....................... ........ ..... u................





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meat—by lead in

all over the wor d





ire cone else can give you so m

I take all the risk.





MM pin-c “.mbm





 





rite Me Today for My Big Free Book

“Hatching Facts.” It Tells the Whole Story





about these wonderful championship hatches—l .ow Belle City owners

ev where are the Champion Poultry Raisers in their locality—11nd

can become the Champion Poultry Raiser in your neighbor-

hood. Get this book. Satisty yourself.

bator Bargain ever ofiered on an exact duplicate of the prize winning





Eight Times World’s Champion Belle City





The Incubators used by nil the World's Chum





Send your name and

hen.





Box 14





   





Wanted—Honest, Energetic Men





in every county to olellN curb line of goods direct to

farmers. EEXP i0T NECESSARY. We

fully instruct you. lFurmel-s. laborers. mechanics. or

any men willing to work can make

3! 000 to $3, 000 a year



handling our bidsellers. Exclusive territory given. We

furnish you the capital; you mlah the team to carry

the goods. Be your own boss in a pleasant. permanent

and rofltable business. Write at once for (1111 par-

tic are giving use and occupation.





THE DUOFORM 0Y0" Dept. 2,

1 NORTH. JAVA. U.Y ...~ .





'1

l [OIUHM ‘

,QFMU‘HE





   

 

 

 

 

 





 





:lNClllB‘iu





of it! The old reliable Progressive IBIS-Egg

I Incubator for $7. 35. MOIWYn back w1th 8 per cent 111-

terest if. not satisfied. on derful bar uiui Only

, incubator with hundreds of dead air as ls. Copper

hot water boiler, double disc regulator, deep nursery,

double doors, egg tester, safetyl amp—every btgfea

ture—all for $7. 35frei ht prepaid E. of Rockies ncu-

atot and Broodcr ordered to<

gether, $9. 85. Send yout money

now, or. if you want more facts.

write for our Big Free Book.





PROGRESSIVE IHGUBATDB 00.

Box 104 Rocl no. Vlls.





7 .2 5

A high grade butcher, ‘





direct from factory to user. Has

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’ not up8 ready {:1- usc. Money buckguarn

1am riance. 810011118 lot 120

chitin 50.01240 chicks $4.00 and 1111.

Write for big free catalogue.





Box 727 Marinate. Minn.





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 

 

 

   





l30

EGG





 





Mankam lncuhatnri





 





   

   

   

 

   





 

 





 





 





In. . . In. "J.

Osman. Ohio Elm". Okla.

Win-fl III! “in" I".





You' ll get the greatest Incu—





Eouship Winnefl—by the U S. Goyern-

Agricultural Colleges—and over 276,000 leading poultry ruisers



nmy book I give you full description, groo roof and dull particulars

~illustrato the machines in actual colors—give you my or

Cum-too, and tell on why I can afford to send you

Belle City Incubator or half or less than half what others dost you, and prepay the

tick hutchlng vain. for so IlttIo money.

address today and you’ll 3‘: the whole inter-

esting story Ir... Write me personally for quick service. Jim





Belle City Incubator Co..





soil-l Money-Bug's

an 8 Times World’s Champion





Racine. Wis.





Jim Rohan and Winners of Belle City’s

Eight World’s Championship Hatches_





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





“Tyson" Cup.

ml by the

lull- City





 

 





   

   

   

 

 

 

 





President.





 

 

 

 





wn to ride and exhibit ample 1914

bicycle. Write { r dspecial 0 or.

00





ln:c:‘Guur:nh “ $27

Mo 01.

”\twi b:o;a:o°igmx 1%Puncturc- Proof time.

191 o I

1‘ all of boat makes . . $7 to $12

‘* A" fecogdélimbd34vho$olss

. man on on m o o, to

‘ cod an no

' | threat FAG rORY CLEARING SALE

‘w\ nggz “on Aggyval 101310111: 11

,.cen osypay a eEran’uow

., TIR 's, coaster brake roar whoa“. lampsmun

dries. parts and repairs for all makes of bicycles

at hat/usual prices. DON 01’ BUY until you not





our catnlo use and otter. Writer:

YCLE C0. Dept1VV-77 CHICAGO





Rider Agents Wanted





   





 





 





 





POULTRY.





 





HICKS—We ship thousands each season. Booking

orders no N for spring delivery. Prices always right.

Free booklet. Freeport Hatchery. Box 19. Freepcrt, Mlch.





 





BTurkoyl—Lorge “i111 flue plun1oge.’|‘oms 86 Hens

.84.]11d11m Runner ducks. A few choice Silver and

Partridge W yaudotte cockcrela. Collar BrmCoopersvllle Mich.





‘ UR Y ,

11111111 110111111 Thus}: 8 $338; w. $333.

J- B- a c. H. McDONAGH.Bu1-t. Mic Igan.

Burr PLYMOUTH nous-gs” ggnggggfim “Egg:





wants. GEO. W. WAGNER. X1111 Arbon Mich.





111111151 1001 COCKEHELS‘e‘hB?piiidisimai‘fii

A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Mlchl gun.

111111111 MCKCOCKEHELS“¥?..2%?"1.‘J$ £211.33:





W'inueru for 10 years. J. A. Barnum. Union 011:7. Mich.





Barred Rock Bockerels, Hens and Pullets.





W. 0. COFFMAN. R. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich.





PLYMOUTH Rook cockerela 5 lb.

to agent oPrice $2 to $8.

eye 8 lb.





Eggs in t2110113011. A. E.

Barred Rocks. R. I. Reds. High





PRIZE WINNINE quality. low prices. 500 Indian





Runner and Pekin duel-18.35 per trio. circular free.

LM‘WOOD FARM it. it. No. 13. Grand Rapids, M1011





LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY

B.P.Bocks.B..81Reda.nnd O..0WL homes.

for Illa. 15 for 31:” for $1.50. 60 ”50



00L LON 0.L1LLIIL Oooncnvllle Mich.





Full Blood, Ross Combed Rhode Island Rad





Cockcrels 82 each. Elmer Trlm. Milan. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





to ll 1b., according

Mammoth Bronze Tom ’l‘urk-

5511).. according to age. Price 88 to $25.

OBAMTON. Vassar. Mich,





 





 





 





 





ILVEB GOLDEN and WHITE WYANDOTTES.

White Stock Especially good. send for circular.

Browning‘ s Wynndotte Farm. ll. 30. Portland. Mich.





FOR SALE—Choice Columbian Wyondotto

Coc kerels. 52 BM 11.16335 31. 50

p01- 15. MRS B. MCKINLEY New Hudson. Mich.





 





 

   





If you are thinking of 00dbuying F REE

catalog at once. scribes

many

Incubators and Brooders

\ paltry buildings home own winter feed, etc. Just out-

W itc l l

:30 Egg Incubator





Mankato Incubator c...

an incubator orb eryou

new .azclun‘nc improvement; 1n this you" c

Also contains about 60:] es of valuable poul- ~

oposhl brings it F :- today—now 1

both 1 '

and Brboder g...





   





   

   





.IIZ-PAGE POULTRY BOOK

uhou send for our urbiz 1914

PRAIRIE STATE

infomufion—hcw to feed, rem-an reed ;

Prairie Sure Incubator Co.. I 23311111 81.. Homer City. P11.

.‘l'o Ioihor.





 





it y r “C- -

llnSCOISItI IIGIIBATOI 00., Box ”8'. Racine, Wis.





 





 





YOUR “Ens Farmers and Fanclers

shouldgettheFHlCE roux.-

[KY BO 00K 11nd (‘atnloguo





written by ROBERT ESSEX

well known throughout

YOUR MONEY America. After 26 Years

With Poultry rlt tells How

to Make Most From Eng.

:3!“ “on.” Wot Show contains Plum-on 0!

PM "mam tolls co:t to build: describes

magmas LAB LINE OF IN NAUUB ATOBH

ANDB DEBS—322$ b.3418 cash. » Write today.





YOUR FARM'





Resection-11mm“! Henry 5L, Buff-lo. N. Y."





 





 





 





‘3 56111151151311.1131; shamans

.. .incuhnoo egoraatlcwgtprtca. m3





WW

Annual gab; udPoqu-y 5'35





 





 





When writing to advertisers please

mention 111:, Michigan Farmer.

/ .,





WHITE WYANDOTTES—A few choice cockerels

mm... L. m. onus. Ypiii’énni‘i.’ “1213335 all?“

“h". ' andofles—(Finhol Strain) Oockerels 83 u



.6 his... M...‘ assess: 111211111111;





WHITE [EGHORNS DAY-illll-iiHll‘.|(S‘§,V.if.i‘.§’.fir





Maple City Poultry Plant. Box 0.. Charlotte. Mich.





--B d f

8. L. “MINUTES “"111..e"}i‘i‘.b%'§i?1lSK.‘”§2°§§2l.“

Satisfaction guaranteed. F..E Oowdrey, Ithaca.Mich.





INE CREST WHITE OHPINGTONS—Fifty early

pullets from prize winning stock. excellent layers.

’1 hree and the dollars. MRS WILLIS HOUGH.

PINE CREST FARM. Royal Oak. Michigan,





 





 





DOGS AND FERRETS.





Fox andWOll Hounds





otihciml English strain' In kmcrica





40 years experience in br di

these fine bounds for 96 ng

f we ave your pin cheepand.



poultry. Send stump for catalog.

. 113. HUMPETH





SM, Jackson County, Mo.

Willi": FOR Wiilfirfifi‘flhfig“ FERRET:





Mum W 11. 1.1111111. Rollo-vino. 01.1..

7 Full Blood Scotch collie Pu ' 3"” "who”

i R. Cufloopwnn' E1313?" for solo. _





Ir bred—Sable 5‘th collie pupa 3 mo. 1'

male ztomulcflfl. 8i I bW itc

ml 35 11¢ 600111 b tinghom





 





 





 





 





G. B. JONES. Sherwood.l higan
76—28





 





gllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilillllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllIlllIll||IllllIllllllilllllllllllllllllIllllllllll[IllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllIllllIlilllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllillllllllllllll





Live Stock.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





LEE





 





filllllllllllll|IlllIllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllIlIlllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllIil|ilIllllllHlllllllllllllllIllIIlllIlIl|lllllllIi|IllllIillllIIiiiII|IlllIll]l||I|lllllllll||llIIll|||lllllllllIIlllll|lllllIIlllllllllllllIillll||llilllllllilllllllllllllfi





The Dual-Purpose Cow.





This is the heading of an article by

Mr. Lillie, appearing in your issue of

December 27. I am surprised that aman

as well informed on most subjects as Mr.

Lillie, should write an article so miSlead—

ing (to say the least) and showing so

much ignorance in regard to dual—purpose

cattle and Shorthorns in general. That

such men as Prof. Shaw and Mr. .I. J.

Hill should endorse the Dairy Shorthorns,

ought to be enough to make Mr. Lillie

inform himself before he poses as an au~

thority in instructing his readers.





Mr. Lillie says that many English

farmers prefer Shorthorns for dairy cows.

As a matter of fact, four-fifths of the

cattle of England are of the dual-purpose

types and they furnish fully 80 per cent

of the milk supply. A. large per cent of

these are Dairy ShorthornS, but all the

dual-purpose breeds, including the Milk-

ing Shorthorns, the Lincolnshire Red

Shorthorns, the Red l‘oliS, and the South

I‘lcvons, are regularly represented at the

great dairy shows held at 'l‘hring and

Smithfleld, where they compete with the





fairs. They have 82 cows in their herd

with records above 8,000 pounds, 34 cows

above 10,000 pounds; Bell Clare, 15,215

pounds, and Rose of Glenside, with 8. rec-

ord of 18,075 pounds in a year. These

are large cattle, the bulis weighing on an

average of 2,450 pounds and the cows

making 1,600 pounds of top-priced beef

when their breeding days are over.





Mr. Lillie says, “They do not call these

cattle dual—purpose, they call them Dairy

Sh-orthorns." Yes, and breeders have

been severely criticized for that, as they

are not only bred for milk but also for

beef, (being judged in the Show ring 50

per cent for each). I think, however,

breeders have a just right to call them

Dairy .Shorthorns to distinguish them

from Shorthorns which have been bre/d

simply for beef, whose owners point with

pride to records made by Dairy Short-

horns (as well as some notable excep~

tions in the strictly beef-brcd cows), in

establishing their claims that Shorthorns

are a (hull-purpose breed.



That Mr. Lillie failed in producing both





 





 





Dairy Maid, a 1,400-Ib. Dairy Shorthorn





 





 





 





 





just after Producing 12,483 lbs. of Milk In





a Year. Owned by C. B. McClain, Fulton County, Ohio.





special dairy breeds. All give good ac—

count of themselves but a goodly share of

the honors fall to the Dairy Shorthorns.

There are many splendid milkers coming

to thc front from year to year. I will

mention but two: liaglethorpe Amy 5th.

and Dorothy. lilag‘cthorpc —-\my 3th pro-

duced 86 pounds of milk in a day, 13.—

2301/2 pounds in a year. (The 3'83? in—

cluded the time she was refiting before

giving birth to a calf about the middle

of her test). Dorothy. the Dairy Short-

horn bred by Lord ltothschild, won first

"nilking prize at Itiinham. Spencer, and

the Lord Mayor‘s (“hallcng'c (‘up at the

London Dairy Show, 1.008. Ilcr lint calf

was dropped in 190:3 and from that date

until September :50, 10123, shc gavc 550.582

pounds of milk, or an averagc of 50,055}

pounds yearly for nine years.



Notwithstandinc; the amount written

cencerning the English Dairy Shorthorns,

those Well informed say we have better

oncs in America. Among the carly im-

portations to this ecuntry were many

'bred for milk as well as lit-cf, and their

descendants have been brcd along the

same lilies. These cattle were formerly

owned largely in some sections of New

York and Pennsylvania, but there has re—

cently been such a demand for them that

now thcre are good herds in many of the

other states. “’e have a small herd

owned by Mr. \V. \V. Knapp, of Berrien

county. Mr. Knapp has several good

ones, among them being Charlotte 13.,

with a record of,15,401.:l pounds of milk,

712.6 pounds butter in a year,



The record for the year past was made

by Ruth 3d, owned by Mr. II. \V. Avery.

Cayuga Co., N. Y. She gave 15.599 pounds

of milk, testing 4.53 per cent, or 831.33

pounds of butter for the year. Mr. Avery

aiso owns Juliet, with a record of 10,305.51

pounds and 11,308 pounds at two and

three years of age. Daisy Oxford, an-

other of his cows, produced 1,788 pounds

of milk in a month and has never fallen

below 8,000 pounds of rich milk, and a

good calf every year.



There are many breeders, but May and

Otis are the largest and continue to take

a large share of the honors, both at the

International and at the various state





milk and beef by crossing beef-bred bulls

on dairy cows is not strange. “’ould he

not have produccd eouaily as poor milk-

crs, if he had used bulls bred for genera-

tions simply for dairy ferm with no refer-

ence to milk production?



The production of milk is in a large

measure independent from size, form, or

color. Yet it has been proven that large

cows (in abundant feed) are more eco—

nomical producers than small ones, and

most of the long time records of the

strictly dairy breeds have been made by

the more, rugged cows. Indeed, the Brown

Swiss champion comes from the beefy,

not the dairy, type of the breed.



I have no quarrel with the, dairyman

because he keeps strictly dairy c us. If

I were a dairyman I would. But when

they Claim there is more money in keep-

ing darly cows, and raising the calves for

beef, than in the dual-purpose cow, it is

about time to call a halt. I am surprised

that Mr. Lillie should try to raise Jersey

steers—(“the little Jersey wlmse'only ex-

cuse for living is the dab of butter she

will make”)





lonia Co, RAY NORMINoroN.





FEEDING COTTONSEED MEAL TO

SHEEP AND LAMBS.





 





 





I was very much interested in Floyd

ltobison's article on “Balancing the Ra-

tion for the Lambs," published in the

December 27 issue of the Michigan Farm-

er, for, although perhaps considerable ex-

perimenting and feeding has been done

along that line very little has ever been

published concerning the theme of his ar-

ticle, i. e., the using of cottonseed meal

to balance the ration for fattening sheep

and lambs. For the past three years I

have caref'ulfy watched in the three or

four agricultural papers we are suchrib-

ers to for something concerning this, but

have seen practically nothing pertaining

to it until I read Mr. Robison’s article.



The first cottonseed meal I ever fed to

lambs was three years ago when we had

a deck load of lambs with only corn and

timothy hay for feed. As I had always

obtained good returns from feeding cot-

tonseed meal to the steers, I thought I





would try it on the lambs and the result

was that the deck of lambs topped the

Detroit market the day they were sold

without a single throwout. Since then as

we have had plenty of corn, oats and clo-

ver hay, I have not fed cottonseed meal

to the lambs: with the exception of a lit—

tle last year. Last year I bought four or

five bunches of native lambs to feed with

the lambs of our own raising. One of

these bunches was badly afflicted with

the scours, and after I had soid the best

of all the lambs along in January most

of this bunch was left and they still had

the scours. Of course they had not been

doing as well as they should have done

so I started mixing some cottonseed meal

with the other grain. The lambs stopped

scouring and afterward sold at a very

satisfactory price.



For the past three years I have been

feeding it to the ewes as s00n as they

drop their lambs, and even where one has

corn, oats, clover hay and other good

sheep feeds, I am inclined to believe that

it pays to buy the meal to feed, especial-

1y where the ewes are getting old and

have poor teeth, for it is a. great milk-

producing grain and the little lambs al-

ways seem to thrive. Perhaps linseed

meal would be better to buy in this. case

but I have fed but very little of that to

sheep or lambs.



Sheep and lambs are very particular

about starting to eat cottonseed meal, but

when they get accustomed- to the taste of

it, they will lick it out of the troughs in

good shape. I was sorry Mr. Robison did

not give the amounts of meal fed in the

experimcnts he mentioned. I have found

that in starting to feed it one has to be

Very careful and not get too much of the

meal mixed ’with other grain, for they

will not eat any if you do, and so, in

order not to throw them off their feed

one has to use a very small amount of

the meal to start with and then gradu—

ally increase the amount of it fed each

day. 1 mix less than two pounds of the

meal to 150 pounds of the other grains

to start with and even then. some of the

ewes and fattening lambs have refused

to eat it for a day or two. Fifteen

pounds of cottonseed meal to 150 pounds

of corn, and this mixture fed at the rate

of a pound a day per sheep or lamb is

as heavy as I have ever fed it, and I con.—

sider that mixture as having too much

meal in it.



I do not know what feeders consider

a nutritive ratio for feeding limbs or

Sheep and on account of the difficulty of

telling the exact amount of roughage one

feeds to a flock I have never bccn able

to tell even had I known the proper ra-

tio, whether I was feeding the right

amount of cottonseed meal or not, but

I certainly have obtained good results

and I consider that especialiy under cer-

tain conditions cottonseed meal is a val-

uable addition to the grain ration for

shecp and fattening lambs,





Livingston Co. H. T. Ross.





FORAGE CROPS AS A FACTOR IN

PORK PRODUCTION.





(Continued from First Page).

ered with snow, and they have made a

most rapid and thrifty growth.



Another advantage in alfalfa as a hog

feed is the possibility of using the hay in

connection with grain, especially with

reference to the maintenance of brood





JAN. 17, 1914.





able to withhold the grain entirely ex—

cept possibly with the brood sows, and

then it is doubtful. But experience. as

well as experiment has shown that a

limited grain ration in connection with

green forage, of which alfalfa is best for

hogs, will very materially reduce the cost

of production. With this knowledge at

hand, every farmer should plan to have





C





 





The Portable Hog House Is an Important

Factor In Profitable Pork Production.





green forage throughout the Season for

the hogs maintained upon the farm. pref-

erably alfalfa, but ifnot, some succulent

feed which will reduce the amount of

grain required to produce a pound of

gain, and thus increase the profit in pork

production.





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.

Buckwheat Middllngs for Plgs.

Kindly advise me which would be the

cheaper feed for growing pigs, wheat

middlings or buckwheat middlings (the

hulls and middlings together); wheat

middlings to c0st $1.55 a hundred and

buckwheat $1.30 a hundred. ‘Vould buck—

wheat middlings give the pigs 3. disease

called the buckwheat itch, as it usually

gives them if allowed to run in buck-



wheat field?



()akland Co. SUBSCRIBER.



Buckwheat middlings containing the

hulls would not be a very good feed for

young pigs, the bulls being mostly fibre

and containing vcry little nutriment.

\Vheat middlings a9 a much better feed

for young pigs, and at the prices noted,

would undoubtedly be a more profitable

ration. Buckwheat meal does not affect

the pigs injuriousiy as suggested, but in

Canadian experiments it has not been

found to compare with wheat or Wheat

products as a pig feed.



The Roughage Ration for Horses.





Kindly tell me how to feed oat straw,

corn fodder and clover hay, each one

once, a day to horses.



lngham Co. SUBSCRIBER.





Having these three kinds of roughage

to feed the. horses, the better way would

be to feed corn fodder in the morning, the

straw at noon and the clover hay at

night. \Vhen hay is fed at night, the

horses will have a period of rest which is

desirable, for the reason that they will

eat it more greedily than the other for—

age and it will be much better for them

to pick over the corn fodder and straw

when idle in the stable during the day

than to have the clover hay before them.

The grain raton should of course be

adapted to the roughage fed and the

amount of work required of the horses.



Exercise for Horses.



Many farmers do not appreciate the

importance of regular exercise for the

farm horses during the winter season. If





 





 





1

s:

5,

,

3.





 





Brood sows andu Litters Farrowed on Alf alfa Pasture without Graln (see 1st page).





sows. In another column of this issue

will be found an account of the experi-

ence of a man who grows alfalfa exten-

sively, and who states that he is feeding

it without grain to his brood sows during

the winter season. To what extent al—





falfa may be made to supplement grain

feeding with pigs will depend somewhat

upon conditions, but it will not be profit-





they are to be maintained in a healthy

condition this is quite as essential as

that they be fed intelligently. Where

there is no work for them to do they

should be given the run of a yard or small

lot for a time each day, to give them an

opportunity to move about, stretch their

muscles and get their blood in active cir-

ulation.





 





 





 





“a. .,
. damsel?" ‘» m.





l





 





 





 





 





.xkffi, a» .





JAN. 17, 1914.





allllllIllllllllllllllllllll|||||Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





g

Veterinary. g;





:Ei‘lzl|lllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllE

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





 

 





 





to our Subscribers.

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address.of

writer. Initials only Will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same‘ ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to someone else. When

reply by mail is requested, it becomes

private practice, and a. fee of $1.00 must

accompany the letter.





 





Slavering.-1\Iy nine-year-old mare, due

to foal April 6, slavers when eating, and

our local Vet. floated teeth and pre—

scribed an alum wash for mouth; but

this treatment failed to help her. D. .

W., Kent City, Mich.—The mouth should

be examined closely for there may be a

piece of wire or a small splinter of wood

fastened there, producing the whole trou-

ble; or it may be that her food is caus-

ing it.



Foot Soreness—Contra’cted Hoofs.—— I

have a horse that I have owned a year

which seems sore in fore feet; the hoofs

are contracted and I am told that the

feet were somewhat affected two years

ago. F. W., Ovid, Mich.——~Clip hair off





coronet and apply cerate of cantharides‘





every week or ten day/.5; also apply lan-

oline to hoof once a day. If you apply

shoes, let them have a wide web and roll-

ing motion, and perhaps filling bottom of

foot with pine tar and oakum, and use

leather soles, will relieve him;



Filly Cribs—I have a two-year-old filly

that has been crib-biting ever since she

was weaned and I would like to have her

cured. J. H 0., ROsebush, Micli.—-lt is

now a chronic habit or vice with your

filly; therefo:e, I believe her incurable.

Arrange the stall so that it will be im-

possible for her to bite on corners of

boards and edges of Wood, and let her

eat out of an UVal-sliaped feed box, rest-

ing on floor. Giving her a desSertspoon-

ful of bicarbonate of soda and the same

quantity of ground gentian at a dose in

feed three times a day might help her.



Navicullar Arthriten—I purchased, in

April, 1913, a gelding ten years old, some

time later went lame in right foot, seem-

ed to recover, but went lame in left fore

foot last August. Now I am inclined to

believe him wrong in both. C. A. C.,

Lansing, Mich.-—Apply one part red io-

dide mercury, one part iodine and ten

parts fresh lard to navicular joint and

coronet as often as necessary to produce

a light blistering effect. Also give him

1 dr. sodium saiicylate and 1 di‘. pow-

dared nitrate of potash at a dose in feed

three time say day. it is needless for me

to say that if the fore feet are feverish,

Wet sWabs should be applied to boots or

apply lanolin daily.



Sprained Back—My two-yeur—old colt

was frightened by a dog while running

in pasture and must have sprained his

back and ever since he shows consider-

able stiffness in hind quarters while turn-

ing around. if he bumps into anything,

is inclined to fall. 0. (3., Grandville.

Mich—Your colt either sprained muscles

of back or displaced a bone, causing him

to have poor control of hind quarters.

Give 1,4“, dr. ground iiux vomica. V2 oz. of

ground gentian and 1 dr. powdered nitrate

of potash at a dose in feed two or three

times a day. You had better apply equal

parts turpentine, aqua ammonia and raw

linseed Oil to back two or three times a

week.



Hogs Have Worms—I would like to

.have you g.vc a remedy for Worms in

hogs, or a formula for a good condition

powder, for some of my feeding hogs lack





appetite and are not thriving. l). 3.,

Ilambu’g. Mich—Mix together equal

parts g; ound geiitian, bicarbonate soda





and salt; give each hog a teaspoonfui at

a dose in teed three times a day. if you

are sure that any of your hogs have many

worms, giVe equal parts iluid extract of

spegilia and fluid extract of seiina and

not less than one—half ounce at a dose

two or three times a day until bowels

move freely, then discontinue treatment.



Soreiiess in b‘tiiie Joint—I have a sev-

cn—year-old horse that has shown some

stiffness and soreness in stifle joint fOr

nearly a year and Shows it most'after he

does hard driving or heavy pulling. G.

F.,St. Louis, Mich—Apply one part red

iodide mercury and ten parts cci‘ate of

cantharides to stifle three times a month.



Barren Heifer.--I have a two—year-Old

heifer that comes in heat every 20 days

but fails to get with calf. D. A. N., Fre-

mont, Mich—Your heifer has perhaps be-

come infected with abortus bacillus germs

and if she should get with calf, would

perhaps abort; therefore, all things con-

sidered, I believe you had better feed

her for butcher.



Sluggish Acting Kidneys—Have a grey

gelding seven years old with rough coat,

good appetite, which is somewhat out of

condition and when left in stable over

night his legs stock. -Have given hini

several home remedies witihout results.

G. N., Levering, Mich—Feed your horse

some well salted bran mash or roots to

keep his bowels open, exercise him daily,

groom him twice a day; give him 1 dr.

ground nux vomica, 17$ oz. ground gentian

and. a teaSpoonful of powdered nitrate.

of potash at a dose in feed two or three

times a day and continue this treatment

until his coat grows glossy and «his legs

cease to stock.



Incipient Bone Spavin Lameness.—-Some

three months ago my three-year-old colt

showed lameness‘in left hind leg and our

local Vet. has treated him for lameness

in- whirlbone. but fails to affect a cure.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





I ' .

. . I _ /

. , r /6-

/ J ' ,/' 5A l

/ — i m





7.» ' A hone cannot



be expected to



pull a load on icy



roads or street: if his shoes are

dull and smooth.





If you expect him to exert all his

pulling power, he must have a foot-

hold. Get





Red Tip Calks .





today and save your horse from danger

undyounelf from delay and unnoyun o.



On and off in 20 minutes, RED TIP

CALKS put you in the always ready clue.



Compared to injuries sustained by your

hone from falling, or possible fut-l loco.

not to mention damagc‘to wagons and

harness. RED TIP CAI—KS arc CHEAP

INSURANCE.



Send today for booklet D





firm-IE l' ' l





353‘.





 





-

O





 





 





 





 





HEWO

BELGIANS

They Are Here!





[-1. 6; H. Wolf_ importers of Belgian

Horses exclusively, advise old a

prospective patrons that their new 1913

importation is now in their barns. It

is in all respects by far the most se-

lect lot of horses of this breed that

have ever been stabled in their barns.

Big, weighty, typey drafters of quality

all through, that challenge comparison

with the Best Anywhere. A select lot

of mares, too. Get our terms and Guar-

antee. This will interest you as. much

as the horses.





Hewo Stock Farm

Wabash, Indiana

More than a quarter century

with the breed.





Mctz Bros,





Niles, Mich.

We have a fine lot of imported and

American bred





Percheron Stallions





 





 





 





 





on hand and we can sell them for less ‘





money than any other importer. Write





us your wants.

METZ BROS.. Niles, Michigan.





JACKS and MULES





Boise mules and get rich.

'18 Jack and Mule farms un-

der one management. where

can be seen 420 head fine

lar e Jacks. Jenuys and

Mu ea. 14 to 17 hands high,

Good ones. Stock guaran-

teed. Write for p r i c o 8

today. Address

KREKLER‘S JACK FARM



West Elkton. Ohio.

Branch barns. Clinton. Ind.





p





 





. 44-“). Stock for Saie‘il‘fl, 2“” 1.33.8833;





r



of King of the Pontinofi, sire of the world's champion

44-lb. cow: sire. Ki and De K01. a sister to Queen

of J uliano Dirlye. utter 365 days 3% years. 1021.72.

world’s record. Price 8150. Write for extended pedi-

gree. l bull calf 6 mos. old. dam an A. . . cow.

14 lbs. butter in 344 days. at. 1 year and 11 ‘months of

age: sire. Sir Jewel Parthenon Dvede 9. site of

Miss Nether-land Artie Parthenon 29.97 lbs. butter in

. Nice individual. price 8100. Write for ex-

tended madly-cc.



NETHAWA BROS. R. F. D. No. 1, Burton. Mich.





WANTED—Shropshire,Oxfords &. Lincolns





A few bred yearling ewes Give price. weight of sheep

and fleece in reply. A. E. CBAMTON. Vassar. Mich.





BREWER? DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





Herd. consisting of Trojan Ericas, Blackbirds. and

Prldco, only. headed by BLACK QUALITY ITO.

a bull of exceptional individuality and merit. A few

young bulls for sale.



WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





—O f d ,

AY RSHIRES 33?. 2.13%“. §8§°$i$ “5‘33. ‘ifiieé'é.

description. Michigan School of the Deaf.Fl int,Mich-

A FEW CIIMCE E?‘°%°.‘lé."lii"“fi‘. 389 3232?}?





GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.





GUERNSEYS‘ESE; arterial-"gm. "33:;





 





 





J . K. BLATCHFORD. Auditorlun Tower. OhioogoJll. ’





A VERY CHOICE HOLSTEIN BULL CALF for sale,

from a 30 lb. bull and a 21 lb. dam that. is from o

3240 lb. cow and has produced an 18% three-





sister of 5

year-old heifer. Hillcrofi Farm. Kalamazoo, Mich.





ROISTEIN BULLS AT FARMERS PRICES





Sired by one of the best bulls of America.

LONG BEACH FARM. Augusto, Kalamazoo Co..Mioh.





REGISTERED HOLSIEIN Billl.I $3.23. .331. 390%





8100. excellent type and breeding. eliver them free

and guarantee sate arrival. Hobart W. Fay. Macon. High.





ca. Holstein Bull lye“ olddam and Birds dam aver-

age 2169 lb. but-tor doyaA. [1.0. Write for pedigree

CHAS. S. RILEY, Metamora. Mich. . 1.





and price.

Bu”- BALVEs—Sired by Albina Bcnte Butter Boy



No. 93224 whose dam as a Jr. 4 Yr.

old ha! 7 day A.R.O. record Milk 604.8 lbs. Butter

27.03 lbs. W. B. READER. Howell. Michigan.





H

“Top-Notch Holsteins.

Choice bull calves from 1 to 3 mo. old. of fashion-

able breeding and from dame with oficinl milk

and butter records for sale at. reasonable prices.

MOPHERSON FARMS 00.. “out“. Mlohllln.





Purebred Registered





HOLSTEIN CATT L E

The Greatest Dairy Brccd

Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets

flolstcin-Fricsinn, Auo..Box l64. Brattlcboro.Vt.





Blgolow’s Holstein Faims





Broodsvlllo, Mich.

Have for sale several fine young

bulls out of cows with high official

butter and milk records.

Send for circular.





3 FIRE YEARLIIG BULLS!





1 Son of Sir Jolie Johanna, out. of an 18th 3-

year-old daughter of Sir May Hartog Posch.



2 Sons of Johanna. DeColantha 5th and out of



A. R. O. dams.



5 Bull Calves. by Johanna Concordia Champ-

ion. No. 60575. A copy of the 24th volume

of the Holstein Friesian year book with

each of these bulls.



Prices flint to quick buyers.





L. E. CONN LL. Fayette, Ohio





Maple Lane Begislcr oi Morii Herd—Sfefiféi’l‘ii‘ii

tuberculin tested Jersey Cattle of all ages for sale.

IRVIN FOX. Prop.. Allezan. Michigan.





BUTTER BRED JEESE‘EI’HELS





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





J ERSEYS“§,‘.‘.‘.‘“ fill?“ $35."? .53}. 8:33:35

Bmokwater Farm. R. F. D. No. '7. Ann Arbor. Mich.

Lillie Farmstead Jerseys





(Tuber-cull]: tested. Guarantee! free from Tuber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. No emalea for sale at.

present. Satisfaction guaranteed .



COLON C. LILLIE. Coononvfllo. Mich.

—ot beetbates Strains





Dlllil BRED Sllfllllflflllll 26 m... 3 We...” of





Shorthorns. J. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan.

YOUllli suoomonn nous-Strong .. Emu...

3100 to 8150 each.

\VARNER BROS.. Almont. Michigan.

2 YOUNG SCOTCH SHOBTHOBN BULLS—1

aired Shorthorn bull. For sale. Write. H. B.

PETERS. Burton Michigan. for particulars.

bull calves from good milking cows.

Shor‘horn Also 1 Reg. Percheron yrl'ng Stallion.

an extra good one. M. A. BBAY. Okcmos. Mich.





 





 





29—77

0. I. C. SWINE’ESS .‘iigioi’hp’fiilié





pigs on hand. Will book orders for Sept. pigs.

not my rice on pairs and trios not. akin.

X. . GORDON R. No. 2. Don. Mich.





 





—Boars all sold. but have a few

lmpm'fll chCSlurs choice young sows bred for Apr.

(arrow. No fall pigs. W, . Wilson. Okemos. Mich.





WRITE US Your Wants For Reg. Chester White Swine.

Holstein Bulls, Scotch Collie pups Sept. pigs now

ready for shipment. RAY B. PARIIAM. Bronson, Michigan.

0 I ’ —Gilts bred for Mar. and Apr furrow. Aug‘



. u S pig. All or right. ty c. 193! ex recs.

GEO. P. AN REWS. Dansville. ngbam 00., ich.

o l C ~Sprlng boars all sold. Have a fine lot of



I 0 0 o ring gilts. Sept. (Elf. ready to ship, not

akin. Lengt y Prince No. 381 , and of hard. (Will

weigh 55 ton when mature.) A. Newman. R. 1. Mariette. Mich.





o I 0 --Spring Boarl all sold, fall igs ready to

I I I ship. also a few choice red po led heifers.

JOHN BERNER & SON. Grand Ledge. Mich.





, —Two Good Last. 3 ring boars.



O. I. c S. A fine lot. of its and fall

OTTO B.

Depot,





One-halt

Michigan.





SCHULZ .





i on hand.

p 88 Nashville.





mile west of





 

 

 

   





\THIS





\

SOW’WEIGHED 932 L35.

A 23 MONTHS OLD





‘ lON‘lA‘GlRL





I have started more breeders on the road to coo-

ooco than any man living. I have theismest and fin-

est hard in the U. 8. Every one an early developer.

ready for the market at six months old. I want to

film. one hog in each community to advertise my



erd. Write for my plan,”Hnwto Make Money from

Ross." 0. 8. BENJAIIN.|.fl¢.| 0 Portland. “lot.





 

   

   

   





Holstein Bull calf. Bf. R. and





o | c —Swlne. _

. . . White Leghorn Ckls. Write me your wants.





FRED NICKEL R. No. 1. Monroe. Michigan

0 l c —18 months and 4 months boars. Also

0 - 0 taking orders for afirin pigs. Oak View

Farm. N. H. Weber. Prop., oya Oak. Michigan

0 I c —16 sows bred for aprin (arrow. 30 fol

- 0 0 pi and grow 'rite your





large 't y. Vi

wants. OLE WOOD STOCK FARM. Zeeland. Mich.





nunucs—Spring pigs all sold. Fall 'pigs. either

sex. Prices reasonable. 8.0. S AHLMAN

CHERRY LAWN FARM. R. 2. Shepherd. Michigan.





 





' of the large heavy boned typo. bred

uumc Jena! Bills for April furrow. Also fall In





pairs not akin. F. J. Drodt.Monroe, Micthoute 0.1.





 





Fancy bred Duroc Jerseys—Boers dz Gilts of spring &

summer furrow. Gond individuals at reasonable

prices. John McNicoll. Station A. B4. Bay City. Mich.





lllillll-EL smoi Him spots: ”or: sears:

prices. E. R. CORNELL. Howell. Michigan.

—36 Hi Oi ' bo d ' f

"unocs servigdl smidf‘filfigfior 33131:)??? Writ:

or come and see. J. 0. BA NEY, Goldwater, Mich.

DUROO JEllSE!v BlgEll GILIS flf‘l'fiffi'oiinfl‘ligfi





blood lines. . TAYLOR. Milan. Michigan.





DUROC JERSEYS—20 Bred Gills for Salt





CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Mlchlgan.

DURuCS—Fall yearling sows and spring gilts. bred for



March and April furrow, bred to twool the

best bred boars in the state. Also a few boars. (all are im-

mune.) Come or write. H. G. KEESLER. Consopolia, Mich.





Duroc-Jerseys‘iliin‘iti’fiz? “semis—is.

Brookwater Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.

POLAND CHIVAS-€32? hifiiimwéu‘liflfi?





Prices right. “K J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta, Migch.





lilflGE “PE p_ c. Atew boars loft. Am booking





orders for bred lite Bred to

cup; Hadley, '

H. O.





 





Big A VVondor and is befendor.

SWARTZ. Schoolcratt. Michigan.





 





' —The Large Prolific Kind. We



Paland chums have anice lot of spring boats at

farmers prices. ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw, hllch.

U'I‘LEB'S Big Boned Prolific Poland Chinaa. Grow

big, has easy. mature early. ready for market. in



6 months. by? Because we've bred them that way

for 20 years. Buy a bred sow or some igs now. and

make more money. 50 bred sows. 100 falrplgs. Poland

China history free. J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Mich.





 





 





' —Sows bred, also summer and full pigs.

P0lalld chllla from large. prolific sows. Barred Rock

ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Mich.





 





oockorels. 81 each.

Fall Pigs and .Minorca





Paland chma Brfll sows cockerels. Satisfaction

guaranteed. R. \V. MILLS, Saline. Michigan.

Bred sows and fall





POLAND CHINA pigs prices right.





G. W. HOLTON. R. No. 11. Kalamazoo. Mich.





 





urge Type P. C.—Bred gilte ready to ship weighing

from 300 to 325le. Sired by and bred to the in cat.



l) are in the state and from dams weighing up to 7(fibs

ome and see and be convinced. Exriqnscs paid if not

as represented. W. E. LIVINGSTO . Purina. Mich.





 





30 Poland China Full Pigs—Good ones from immune

sows $10 and $15 each, while they last. Bred sow

sale Feb. 27th.send your name for catalog if you want. to

buy Big Types With Quality. Wm. Waffle, Goldwater. Mich.





MULEFOOT HOG i323. $323.”?

all ages. 0. F. BACON. Milan. Michigau.‘





 





l8 Percheron Stallions





2 to 4 years old. blacks. Also young mares.





A. A. PALMER 6t SONS,

BELDINO. MICH. 1%, Miles from Orleans.





Belt Conditioner

, " crui Expelle





 





   

 





1., Death to Heaven

’ _ “Guaranteed. or Money Back;

WCoughu.Diawm5%:r lugégection.

I l. pcrcan.



NEWTON sLnr'gel‘orI-leavu.



Al. druggiatl' or sent. postpaid.



‘II mu mt €34"me





Sure cure for Fistula.

VETERINARY nEclPEs—Pollevil. Ringbone. Bone

Spavin. Splint. rb. Cancer. We . Directions for

each fully prescribed Each recipe 81. or all above

recipes 33, no fake. Dr. 0.0. Crider, V. 8. Mt. Vernon. Ohio.





PUBLIC SALE OF MOLE. FOOT» HOGS

Jun. 31‘. 1314:“ moan. 50.5.3.5..ch

cows out ”hated from Amortco's MB‘champicn

. For catalog and information. addrecs;

ALVADA. OHIO.





 

 





 





show he

LONG BROTHERS. '





PUBLIC SALE—JANUARY 20. 191%.





IS) Beg. Bamboulllot ewes. dueto lamb in Apr :

20 ewe lam 9 Poland China. sows. due to rig in

April and May. I hear 16 months old' 30 Bop . and

Oct. pica, both out JOHN c. A. 00011. Monicalioh.





——Bulls from 8 to 12 months

9 Shorthorns old. Best of breeding.

Write for pedigrees. W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Mich.





. —-All ages for sale. Big growth '.

Mule Fol Hogs prolific.profitable.hoalthy. VVriEO

for what you want. .G. . KREGLOVV. Ada. Ohio.





 





SHEEP.





T PAYS TO BUY PURI DIED SHEEP OF PARSONS,

“the sheep man of the can." Shropshires. Rainbcuillet.

Pulled Dclaines and Paraons Oxfords. R. 1. Grand Ledge.Mich,





 





 





' —Yearling and ram lambs from Champion

LOICOSlCrs flock of Thumb of Mich. Also select Bckr-





shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.





INGLESIDE FARM‘anffidpéfifi‘ifs‘i

ewes bred to choice rains for.315.00 per head.

HERBERT E. POWELL. Ionla. Michigan.





0 l C ———two boars weighing 200 lbsm

. O I





each. ()ne extra. fine boar 830.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





"005.



BUM G. “STORM!

STORY FARMS, Lowell. Mich. City Phone 55.

ERKSHIRE For Bale—Sow Bred for April furrow-





Ling and a choice lot of fall pigs either sex.

A. A. PATTULLO. Deckervllle, Michigan.





 





 





Prize winner. at thQJ





 





 





 





' —-Spring and summer lg: write

GRCSlOI' "hm: your wants. Price andzunlit ri huts.

Meadow View Stock Farm. RED. No.5.KcllaudJK ch.





fairs. Choice stool: for sole. ‘





350 BIG TYPE MULE FOOT EGGS—America’s

lhampicn Herd. Prolific, hardy. Best. for Mich.





Also Ponies. J. DUNLAP.Box M.Williumsp0rt. Ohio





——B . -ll 1d. ‘

YORKSHIHES lie?::hdeld “8.. as]??? Eplila'filv l’i‘é‘?

furrow. OSTRANDER BROS. Morley. Mich.





Y’ORKSHIREISwinechars and gilts all sold. Aug.

' farrowed pigs, airs not. akin. for sale. Special

price on trios. Geo. . McMullen. Grand Ledge.Mich.





—F . .

YORKSH I R as ms responses:

MEADOWLAND FARM

Waterman a Waterman. Ann Arbor. Mich.





YORKSHIRES





The lar (along-bodied. heavy-boned prolific kind.



flows an gilts bred for spring furrow. Gflhead of Sep-

x.00tobor and November pigs. Prices reasonable.



W. 'C. COOK. R. 42, Ada. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





lillioFarmsteadlorkshiros





8 ring zilts. u lendid on. Full 'th .

G its bred forp Stflngofirrow. pigs. 8‘ or sex

Ll Ll Cooper-ville. Michigan.





COLON C.
' 78*30





When let out of stable he is very lame,

but after taking some exercise can

scarcely notice him limp. This is a val-

uable colt and I am anxious to have him

cured. W. H. 8., Beaverton, Mich—I

am more inclined to believe that your

colt suffers from hock lameness and on

account of exercise reducing his lame-

ness, rather than to increase it; indicates

soreness rather than weakness. Clip

hair off hock and apply one part red

iodide mercury and eight parts cerate of

cantharides every ten days The colt

should be kept quiet and not allowed to

exercise, then he will recover.



White Scours.——Have recently purchased

at a sale five head of Jersey heifers from

one to three years old and have been told

that when these heifers have calves they

will suffer from White scours. I would

also like to know if there is any danger

of our stock bull contracting this diS-

ease and spreading it through our lherd?

B. .l. 8., Oxford, Mich—Your informant

is mistaken and you need have no fear

of your heifers giving birth to calves

with white scours; but remember, the

importance of treating the navel of every

calf. The cord should be tied with a

silk or linen thread about one inch from

the body and the end of it painted with

iodine or an antiseptic healing remedy,

or apply one part iodot‘orm and ten parts

boracic acid.



Lumpjawu.—~I have a cow that has

lumpjaw and I would like to know if she

would be lit for beef or not. 1". D., Ada,

Mich. The United States government

and local meat inspectors pass as fit for

food quite a number of carcasses which

are slightly affected with lumpjaw (ac-

tinimycosis) as lit for food, but of course

make tankage of the head or diseased

part of body. \Vhen the disease as-

sumes a suppurative condition, I do not

believe it proper to use the beef for food.



Ball‘en Cow.—lleart Disease—My llur—

ham cow came fresh June It), 1913; since

then she fails to come in heat and ap-

pcars to move about with some dilliculty,

but shoWs no sickness and is giving 20

lbs. of milk a day. I would like to have

you tell me what caused the death of a

litter of pigs 11 weeks old that were fed

milk and iniddlings. These pigs seemed

to take sick one after the other and

showed the following symptoms: First,

I noticed them breathing fast, heart

thumping, and after eating a mouthful

or two, some of them would fall over in

a sort of a lit, squeal as if in pain, then

in a few hours die. S. J. J., Bud Axe,

Mun—owe your cow 1 dr. ground nux

vomit-a, Z drs. ground capsicum and 1

oz. ginger at a dose in feed three times

a day. Also feed her heating, stimulat-

ing food. 1 am inclined to believe that

the whole litter of pigs suffered from

valvular heart trouble and doubtless had

more or less indigestion. If they were

fed cold thick Slop or swill, they possi-

bly choked or suffered from spasm of

larynx.



Feeding an Unbalanced Ration—Delir-

ium.——I have been having an unusual oc-

currence among my spring pigs that I

am fattening. Now they have been on

mixed feed with some green stuff all fall,

without apparent reason, I found them,

schral at a time, attacking pile of the

fattest and most peacefui ones. They

were so in earnest that they paid little

attention to their feed and I was com-

pellcd to remove the one from pen at

once. A couple of days later I found

them going after one of the principal

ones that had led in the former chase.

This one seemed also in danger of his

life. I enjoy every number of your paper

and would like very much to have your

opinion of this trouble. C. \V. C., Gar-

den, Mich—The conduct of your pigs in-

dicates mental disorder and a sort of con-

fusion in their brain. I do not believe

that they suffer from organic brain dis-

ease, but am inclined to think that they

suffer from the effects of a high tem—

peraturc, causing delirium, possibly

brought on by feeding the same kind of

food too long in too large quantities;

they are perhaps not all affected, but

imitate and do as the leader does. This

auto—intoxication from food can be best

controlled by a change of feed, giving

either castor oil or epsom salts as a

cathartic, increasing their exercise and

reducing their food supply. Give each

hog 10 or 15 grains of potassium bromide

at a dose in feed three or four times a

day. Their bowels should be kept open,

and they should be supplied with clean

water to drink.



Obstructed Tent—vFor the past three

months, milking my 13—year—old cow has

become mOre difficult all the time and it

is almost impossible to draw milk from

one fore teat. J. S. 11., St. Charles. Mich.

—Appiy one part iodine and 20 parts of

fresh lard to teat or bunch in udder ev-

ery day or two. If you find it necessary

to use a milking tube, do so.



Indigestion—\Vorms.—~HaVe a five-vear-

old cow with rough coat. fairly good an-

petitc, but is losing flesh and has shown

a little lameness latelv. Also have a

brood sow that farrows some time next

spring that is not thriVing. grits her

teeth and I would like to know what to

do for her. J. A. 0.. Grand Rapids.

Mich.——Give your cow 1 oz. ground gen-

tian, 1 oz. ground ginger. 1%. oz. fenn—

greek and 1 dr. ground nux vomica at a

dose three times a dav. Give vour sow

15 grains ground nux v0mica. 1 dr. of

ground gentian. 2 drS. ground ginger at

a dose in feed twice a (lav. It, would be

good practice to examine her mouth.





Internal Hemorrhage—Choking—Partial

Paralysis—J had two hogs that I expect-

cd to butcher, one weighing 225 lbs., the

other 150 lbs, both apparently in perfect

health until recently. The larger one

seemed to have a sort of spasm, trem-

bled, jerked in muscles, sat down, then

tumbled over, kicking a few minutes,

tihcn got up, ate a few mouthfuls. When

urged to get up walked a few feet. then

lay down again and next morning we





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





found him dead. IVhen opened found the

abdomen. full: of blood and water. What

caused his death? The other hog co-m-

meniced to jerk and three hours later be-

came paralyzed in hind parts. These

hogs have been fed on rape pasture and

had plenty of corn to eat. C. F., Cam-

den, Mich—The largest hog died from in-

ternal hemorrhage, and your other hOg

has been fed an unbalanced ration, too

much corn and not enough food contain-

ing provte-in. Feed oats, oil meal, tank-

age, etc. Or perhaps it would be good

judgment to butcher him now.



Cow Comes in Heat Regularly, lbut

Fails to Get with Calif—I have a six-

year-old Durham cow that comes in heat

regularly, but fails to get with calf. Could

you advise me what to do? L. G., Ox-

ford, Mieh.~—If you have not already done

so, perhaps you had better mate her to

another bull. Dissolve 1,; lb. bicarbonate

soda. in a gallon of tepid water and wash

out vagine thoroughly, soon as she comes

in heat; but don’t breed her for three or

four hours after you have used this 10-

ion.



Fall Pigs Cough—~Choking—Stomach

\\'orms.-I have 20 fall pigs that cough

a great deal, it is not unusual for six or

seven to cough at the same time. R. S.,

Caledonia, .Mich.—Mix together equal

parts ground wormseed, ground gentian,

quassia and salt. Give each hog a tea-

spoonful at a dose in his feed two or

three times a day. The feed should per-

haps be heated which, if done, will have

a tendency to prevent choking and spasm

of larynx when they are eating.



Animal Parasites of the Liven—I have

lost some sheep lately, but they seem ,to

eat good up to a certain time, then grad-

ually lose flesh and die. 0n cutting them

open I find the liver covered with sores

and filled with little worms. These worms

are about an inch long and very much

like a wvil‘eworm and I have thought that

the gall sack was enlarged. G. E. C.,

l’cwaxmo, Mi'c'h. No satisfactory method

of treating this ailment is known. You

perhaps know that the disease is set up

by the ingestion of the eggs of the tae-

nia echinoccus; therefore, animals should

be prevented from eating focd or drink-

ing water that are soiled with the i’oecus

of dog. l~loWever, this is perhaps imprac-

tical and impossible. A change of food

and water and giving your sheep each 5

grs. 0f povwdct‘ed sulphate iron and 20

grs. of salt at a doSc in feed two or three

times a day, it will perhaps help them.

All your fat sheep should perhaps be

marketed for food. for by doing so you

will sustain less financial loss than by

keeping them. From the symptoms you

give me I hardly believe they suffer from

liver rot.



\Veak Stomach—I have a Scotch Collie

dog three years old that is usually tiliirsty

but for the past 30 days has been in-

clined to vomit and he had an attack of

sickness Which'affec-ted hind quarters,

but this he has recovered from, and is

now suffering from stomach trouble. L.

L., Grass Lake, Mich. Give your dog

1 gr. quinine, 5 grs. of sub-nitrate of his—

muth in 2 ozs. of hot black coffee at a.

dose three or four times a day.



Dog has Ta-peworm.~l have a shepherd

dog lw'hich is out of condition, his appe-

tite is fierce. he eats large quantities of

food. but is. gradually growing thinner.

it}. B. l’., Sherman, Mieh.»For every

pound that your dog weighs, give him

11/4. grs. of powdered kamala on an empty

stomach Once a day for two or three

darys, then give him smaller doses 3. week

later. If you believe it necessary, give

him 1 oz. or 2 028. of castor oil two hours

after giving him the worm medicine.



Distomatogis.-I fed 300 lambs last win-

ter; 150 of them Western, and the rest

natives; they were fed corn and oats in

the morning with plenty of good mixed

hay. In the evening fed cow and oats

and 114 lbs. of silage to each lamb. and

they secmed to thrive, gaining 9 lbs. a

month for each lamb, but I lost two a

week on an average, and those that died

seemed to be the thriftlest. Now, this

winter I am starting in with a‘ carioad

and am having the same trouble, except

I am feeding some beans, about a bushel

a day, to each 100, and some of the lambs

are dying. Some of them stagger around

for a day or two then die. Our local Yet.

says it is liver trouble caused by too

raipid gain. E. L.. De’lton, Mich.——I think

your sheep die from an acute inflamma-

tion of the liver; and bile ducts: a germ

that causes this trouble is usually found

in marshy places and I might say that

this parasite is much more common in

southern Europe than in this country.

I fully believe a critical postmortem wiil

reveal this parasite in the liVer and you

may be able to find it is causing liver-

rOt. Treatment in these cases is not at—

tended with satisfactory results.



B. A. C., Clyde, Mich—Your chickens

die the result of either enlargement of

the liver or tuberculosis of the liver, and

no treatment would do them any good.



.\hscess.-Last winter I had four old

hens die with seemingly nothing only a

Slight dysentery. but this winter I had

a pallet die which showed some of the

same Symptoms, but upon examination

found two soft lumps the size of a hick—

ory nut—one on the neck and one on the

Side. They appear to be very much like

b01ls, but are purple in color and when

Opened discharge some blood. These

chickens appear to be very weak and

only live about a week. I am anxious

to know how to prevent this Sickness.

W C., Vanderbilt, Mich—Your chickens

die the result of suppurative lymphatic

trouble and I know of no means of pre-

venting it, other than to keep their roost

as clean as p0ssible, feeding them a good

quality of food and plenty of clean water

to drink. Their roosting place should be

kept free from drafts. also dry, warm

and well ventilated. Mix together equal

parts ground gentian, ginger and char-

coal—give each four fowls a teaspoonful

Sgya dose in feed two or three times a





 





 





JAN. 17, 1914.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





To the first 100





men owning





 





Cured





By Beery System

Refusing to lead.





Getting fast. in the stall,



firming iri‘tliefiygilillea

awmwreice. ' ‘-



Orowdfng in the stall. dISPOSItlon Of any



Tender bitted _



Pulling on one rein.



Lugging on the bit.



Longing and plunging.



Refusing to stand.



Refusing to back.



Shying. Bulking.



Afraid of automobiles.



Afraid of robes.



Afraid of clothes on line.



Afraid of cars.



Afraid of sound of a. gun.



Afraid of band playing.



Afraid of steam en ine.



Afraid of the tone of

shafts or harness.



Running awuy.



Kicking.



Biting. Striking.



Hard to shoe.



Bad to groom.



Breaking stra s.





the value of every





all good traders.





 





A. L. Dickinson, of

N. Y.. Sikh-i: “I am work





 





while going down hill.

Scaring at. hogs or dogs lessons, and have

along the road.

Tail switchers.

Lolling the tongue.

Jumping fences

Bad to hitch to buggy or

wagon.





een





 

 

 





 





 





horses, who answer this advertisement,_l

will positively send my introductory course

in Horse Training and Colt Breaking AB-

SOLUTELY FREE.





“form’s Greatest System

of Horsemanship





Twenty-five thousand FARMERS and horse-owners have

taken my regular course and found that it does the work.

Even if you have only one horse, it will pay you to master

. my wonderful system. The Beery Course is the result of a

Bad Hablts lifetime’s work as a tamer and trainer of horses. As one of



my students has said. "The horse has never been foaled

that Prof. Beery cannot handle." My record proves it.





Master Any Horse

The Beery Course gives

Running awn»: when hal- you the priceless secrets of

terorbridle isreinoved. a lifetime—enables you to

master any horse-to tell the





Fightinnhnltcror bridle. sight—to add many dollars to





handle—and m y students are





 





Barons TRAINING me





My Graduates Are

Doing Wonders





Refusing ‘70 01d 13%“ horses that cleaned out several men.

I got. them for Sllobgnve them a few





‘ for the nit.” Fred Bowden. R. R.

No. 2, eokuk. Iowa writes: “It’s

worth many times its cost."

have many similar letters from

minutes all over the world.





Break a Colt in



Double-Quick Time!

You can do it by my simple,

practical,humane system.’l‘here

is a lot of money in colt training.

Make $1,200 to $3,000



a Year



Many of my graduates are

making big money as profes~

sional horse trainers at home or





horse at





horse you





 





traveling. I made a fortune trav-

eling and giving exhibitions.You

have the same opportunity.





Send the Coupon





and get the .Introductoxig Course in

Home Training FR E. This

special offer may never be re-

pented. Act. now. Tell me abou

your horse.





PROF. JESSE BEERY

Box 42. Pleasant Hill, Ohio





Friendship.

lng a pair of





   

 

 





 

 





 

 





ofl’ered $400





   

 





 

 

   





 





I





   

   

   

 





 





 





Warrani'ed





to give satisfaction.





 

   





GOMBAUG’S -

CAUSTIC BALSAM





A safe, speedy and

positive cure tor





Curb, Splint, Sweeny, Ca ped Hock,

Strained Tendons, Founder, ind Puffs,

and all lameness from Spavin, Ringbone

and other bony tumors. Cures all skin

diseases or Parasites, Thrush, Diphtheria.

geiniwes all Bunches from Horses or

a e.





As 9. HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

mntllm, Sprulnl, Sore Throat, etc, it

is invaluable.



Every bottle of Can-tic Balsam sold is

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price fill .50

per bottle. Sold by druggists or sent by ex-

press, charges paid. with full directions for its

use. Send for descriptive circulars, testimo-

nials, etc. Address





THE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COIPANY, Cleveland. Ohio.





 





 





l

Take Care Of Your Hogs





Keep them dry. warm. comfortable and sanitary.

Help them to rear profitable litters by providing





Buckeye MAeltlnl Hog Pens





- Easily set up and kept. clean,germ proof

‘. and well ventilated. Largo enough'w



guarantee satisfaction. Made of gel-

‘2 vanlzed iron. Reasonable in price.





Write For Catalog Tq-Day





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 





   





r . . . .

. ~ Fattens Hogs for one-tenth the price of

1M!" com—keeps them healthy. Cattle, cows

4/ - and calves thrive on it, too. This is a new

1 sugar beet we brought from German ,—the

, best we could find. All who have f itre-

fort big success. Write today for prices and

res catalogue on this real money-maker.





 

   





 





FREE





Why We Make a Contract to Cure

| Mr. W. C. FRALEY, 502 Fisher St., Salisbury,

IN. 0., Mar. 27, ’13, writes: I used 2 bottles and

lcured two horses and one pony of bone spavin

two years ago and they are sound as a dollar.

FOUR YEARS AFTER—STILL SOUND

Mr. H. G. PUTNAM, dealer-in Coal, Danvers,

Mass, Oct., 6, ’13, writes: Four years ago ]

sent .for Save-the-Horse for thoroughpin and

made a cure. The horse has done a. good day‘:

work almost every day since on coal wagon.



WE ORIGINATED the plan oft-eating hone-

Under Signed Contract‘ to Return Mpney if

Remedy fails. You risk nothing by writinggit

will cost you nothing for advxce and there Will

be no string to it.. ’ ‘ _ ‘



OUR LATEST Save-Thefl-Iorse BOOK is our 18

Years’ Discoveries—Treating Every Kind Rings

bone—Thoropin—SPAVIN —and ALL—Shoulder,

Knee, Ankle, Hoof and Tendon Disease—Tells

How to Test for Spavin; how to locate and treat;

58 forms of MESS—Illustrated. ,_



OUR CHARGES for Treatment ARE MOD-

ERATE. But write and we will send our—BOOKl





—Sample Contract and Advice—ALL FREE to‘

(Horse Owners and Managers—Only).

Drugglsts everywhere sell Save-Thy,

Horse WITH CONTRACT, or we send

S Av My “EXCELSIOR HOG

vents Cholera, Cough.

and other hog diseases,

I H E I sell the receipt (any

druggiat can fill it). with

$1.00 and with it 1 give

a little book 0150 page:

tried and tested Stock Receipts for Horses.

Cattle, Sheep, Hogs, and Chickens ever prino

Cholera and other hog diseases. Money

back If not entirely satisfactory. Keep hogs

xvill have no trouble next spring and summer.

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound

publish Dr. Chase's Last and Complete Re-

ceipt Book, for which I want agents.

Dosh. 2 Detroit. Michigll

When writing to advertisers please





 





GRISWOLD SEED CO.

53 So. 10th St. Lincoln. Nah.





nor CHEMICAL co. 20 Commerce in. Bingliamton, N. p

by Parcel Post on; fixpreu, paid.-

TONIC ” positively pre-

I I : full instructions for

containing 140 ofthe best

ted. I guaranteed this Tonic to prevent

in healthy condition during winter and you

of cure." Just enclose a dollar bill. I also



F. B. DICKERSON,

mention The Michigan Farmer. '





.3 "v ' -~





 





 





 





. “MW..-“





:Ww‘23AM . ‘





ri‘ikpl was.





. was: ..





, A...





.2'
..f '-.~ — -.





 





 





1!





rakes ..Ws.





. ”Q"





. A...





 





JAN. 17, 1914.

., , .





Elilllliiiillillillliillliiiilliiilllilil|I|iillIliiIIllIilliilIiiii||iil|iIIli|iIiIiiiIilliiiIilliiiliiililllillllllllliflj;





_ Farmers’ Clubs;





EliillllliiiilllliilillillllliilIiil|||lilllillilllillliillililliillliiililliiiiiiiillillllIillillliillilliiillllililllilfl

Address all communications relative to





the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. C.

P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich,





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





Will Hold Meeting In Church—The

liives and East Tompkins Farmers‘ Club

held an oyster dinner at the home of_

Mrs. Monroe Perrin, Saturday, January 6,

about 60 being present. The morning

was 'spent in social intercourse. After

dinner themeeting was called to order by

the president, singing of America by the

Club, followed by prayer by Chaplain An-

d.'ews. It was decided to hold the next

meeting at. the church, holding morning

and afternoon sessions. Everybody is

invited to .come and help .make it a suc-

cess. After a good musical and literary





program had been rendered, the presi-

dent introduced Mr. Lepelly, who gave

an excellent address. Mr. Lepelley is a

native of Guernsey Islands, also the home

cf the celebrated Guernsey cattle, and he

gaVe us many interesting facts concern-

ing his country.—Ina Stringha‘m, Cor.

Sec. ‘



Hold Annual Meeting.—The Hadley and

Elba Farmers’ Club held its annual meet—

ing December 18, at'Maple Grove, with

Mr. and Mrs. B. L. Snook. After the

bountiful dinner, President B. L. Sn-Ook

called the meeting to order. Instrumental

music by Mrs. Earnest Hasting was fol-

lowed by invocation by Rev. Eberhardt.

and a solo by Ward Mott. The minutes

of the last. meeting Were approved as

read. Rev. Eberhardt, chairman of the

L'. of M. lecture course, reported Prof.

Friday would lecture on Tax Reform, in

lladley, Feb. 6, and C. S. Riley reported

the program for the Farmers' Institute.

lioll call, “Something I’ve accomplished

in 1913,” was followed by a solo by W. H.

Johnson. 'The following officers were

elected for the ensuing year: President,

B. L, Shook, vice-president, C. A. Daven-

port; secretary, Mrs. It. J. Pierson; treas-

urer, Mrs. Earnest Hasting. The ap-

pointment'of various committees on 1914

program, arrangements for farmers’ insti-

tute and Club oySter dinner was foilowed

by a very interesting report of the State

Associational Meeting in Lansing, Dec.

2-3, by the delegate, Mr. \V. E. Ivory,

andthe Club adjourned to meet at the

Hadley Town Hall, Jan. 15, for the an-

nual oyster dinner." Mrs. C. P. Johnson.



Discuss Prison Problem.——Mrs.. Ellen

Purdy opened her home in Caro for the

December meeting of the Indianiields

Farmers’ Club, and the 65 persons who

attended found it tastefully adorned with

holy and evergreens in honor of the hol-

iday season. The dinner was served un-

der the capable direction of Mrs. Mary

.Fournicr, and after a social hour the ser-

ious part of the program was considered.

James Paul gave a report of the meeting

of the State Association of Farmers'

Clubs, to which he was the Club dele-

gate, and it was exceptionally good in

giving a clear account of all of the pro-

ceedingS.- Mrs. Robert Park, chairman

of the committee on program for the

coming year, read the report, which

pleased all. Mrs. Amos Andrew; lend

“Celebrating Christmas Day Ancientiy

and Now,” and Mrs. .1. Paul. “Good Old

Santa Claus Goesrto Many Homes." Var--

non Taggett, a former Caro boy, now liv-

ing in Illinois, gave by request, a short

talk regarding convicts in prisons,.ex-

pressing the belief that persons cenvicted

of minor offenses should not be confined

with hardened criminals. Mrs. Vernon

Taggett was induced to sing “The Rose

by the Garden \Vall," compoSed by the

hostess-member of the Club, Mrs. Ellen

I’urdy. An important result of the meet-

ings of the Club is felt from the free dis-

Cussion of arrangements and methods

both inside and outside of the home

practiced by the members, leading to a.

general improvement of all, and making

better farmers and housekeepers—Mar-

garet Arnold, Rec. Sec.



The Farm Horse-At a recent meeting

of the Napoleon Farmers’ Club, of Jack-

son county, F.’ M. AndreWs read an ex-

cellent paper on “The Selection and Care

of the Farm Horse.” He said in part:

“In weight I would prefer 1200 to 1500

lbs, Percheron or 'Clydesdale gradeS; of

course, I would not object to full bloods.

Blocks are more preferable as a rule, they

are not any better drivers or workers,

but are more easily kept than the more

rangy horses. The care of a farm horse

in winter depends on what you have for

them to do. If you drive or Work them

enough to warm them up much, they

should not be turned out of the barn in

rough weather. Growing colts and'horses-

that are not driven at all should be turn-

ed out in the yard every day that the

weather will permit. Many who take

good care of their horses during the spring

and summer then turn them out'an-d let

them go during the fall and winter. To

giVe them a run to was is a good thing,

but to take the grain all away and compel

them to subsist on frost-bitten grass is

a severe ordeal. The grass will not' sus-

tain them and they lose flesh, the main

reliance for strength and sustenance be-

ing taken away. From an economic

standpoint it is a lOSing game. Do not

turn the horse which has been housed

and cared for all summer, out to endure

the cold rains and frosty nights. Reduce

the amount of grain but do not take it

entirely away. Average draft colts can

be broken well

worked moderately by the side of older

horses. _, -





 





 

 

   





and cheaply by being_





 





 

 

 





fiiilliiililiiilllililillilllllillllilllllil|illiiilliiiiliiiiillIiiflliiiil||liiiilliilllliiillIilllillifliiflliilllllilifl

Grange.

Eilliillllllilillll|liIlliiIllliiiilliilliilliiiliilIiiliiillillliillllllllilillililliliililIllilllliliiilliliiilliilillfl





Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should b8

first improved."





ilii‘ililln





 





 





THE JANUARY PROGRAMS.





 





Suggestions for Second Meeting.



Song.



Reading, “A question of property.”



Next steps farmers should take: 1.

To establish rural credit. 2. Co-operate

with neighbors. 3. Extend use of parcel

post.



A musical treat.



The 300—egg hen—what does her record

mean to the ordinary hen?



Reports on the moving picture shows

of the nearest town, four persons. *



”The Grange Life Insurance MeSSen-

ger,” a surprise feature.



Closing. song.





._a_...





WASHTENAW COUNTY CORN CON-

TEST.





 





 





Forty-seven boys and girls sent ten-ear

corn exhibits to the ninth annual pro-

ducts contest held under the auspices of

Washtenaw Pomona Grange. Moreover,

and very much to the point, most of

these boys and girls came with~their

corn.‘ This means a decidedly different

atmosphere from that which used to pre-

vail at meetings of this staid old south-

ern Michigan Pomona, one which has in

it much to augment hope. The meeting

was held in the Y. M. C. A. building at

Ann Arbor, which afforded convenient

access and gave the country boys a

chance to watch the town boys in their

Saturday morning gymnasium practice

and sport. Some day we hope they will

be able to more than look on, but as yet

We have no rural movement in recreation

organization over our county.



For the first time, this year a two-day

meeting was tried for this contest, which

annually attracts a large number of peo-

ple from different parts of the c0unty

who never get together in. any other

way. On the first day, poultry was the

exhibit feature. The talks were upon

“Co-operation," by . H. Bramble, of

Tecumseh, who never did better in a

concise and to-the-point argument of the

present economic Situation from a farm-

er’s standpoint, and a discussion .of prac-

tical poultry matters by J. O. Linton, of

M. A. C. The latter was kept upon the

floor two hours, talking plain hen facts

straight from the shoulder and anSWering

questions that increased in number as

the early twilight deepened. About a

dozen coops of fowls served for illustra-

tion of his talk and attracted knots of

poultry raisers at intermiSsions. “Is this

comb right?” “Is that eye a good one?’

“How about this shape for this breed?”

“Am I working in the right direction for

an egg-type hen?” “Which of these

ducks is the better egg machine?" Such

was the trend of the questions one heard

through the day. EnthusiaSm ran high

bver the way in which Mr. Linton met

these inquiries and, all in ail, the poultry

part as an experiment was voted very

satisfactory.



From year to year the character of our

Grange exhibit differs. Since the schools

have united with the Grange, through

the efforts of Commissioner Evan E3scry,

we have accomplished a more vital work

by reaching the children. The merchants

of Ann Arbor, this year, were very gen-

erous in their encouragement of the pro-

ject, and the press has given liberal re-

ports of the feature. All these things

count. Besides. the local Granges con-

tribute to the prize money and the result

of all is a unique event. At this last

meeting Plttsiicld Grange served as par-

tial hosts and the big picnic dinner un—

der their direction was not the least

pleasant part; another enjoyable number

on the program was the singing of the

Webster male quartet.



JENNIE BUELL.





 





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





Charlotte Grange conducted a success-

ful corn and apple show in December.

The sisters serVed a supper in connection

which netted the Grange more than $50.



Morenci Grange installed its new officers

at the first January meeting as follows:

Master, Sanford Schaeffer; overseer, M.

L. Willsberg; lecturer, Ella Schneffer;

steward, L. Lown; assistant steward, V.

B. Colegrove; lady assistant steward,

Nellie Colegrove; chaplain, Fanny Smith;

treasurer, Leo Ashley; secretary, Frank

Sanborn; gate keeper, Sam Schaeffer;

Pomona, Mrs, Baker; Flora, Molly Wills-

berg; pianist, Alta Cowgill; chorister. D.

Smith; insurance director, 0. D. Cole-

grove.



lronton Grange, of Charlevoix county,

at the last meeting of the old year, elect-

ed the following officers for 1914: Mas-

ter, W. F. Johnson; overseer, Jerry Saun-

ders; lecturer, Sadie Hammond; steward,

Ben Nowland; assistant steward, Grant

Hammond; chaplain, Lillian Saunders;

treasurer, Matthew Saunders; secretary,

John Knudsen; gate keeper, Charles

Hyresz Ceres, Sylvia Lewis; Pomona,

Julia Williams; Flora, Louisa Saunders;



A. S., Cora Hammond.





 





COMING EVENTS.





 





Pomoria Meetings.

Shiawassee Co.-, with Laingsburg

Grange, at Laingsburg, Thursday, Jan.

29. State Master Ketcham, speaker.

Ingham Co., with Telephone Grange, at

Leslie, Friday, Jan. 30. Address by Dr.

Ethel Cook Carpenter.





Europe Will Pay

Most [for Your





 

 

   

   





 





Get 15 to 30% .

More This Season





Ship Your Raw Fun to

Trnugott Schmidt 8: Sons

We sell direct to largest European

manufacturers through our three big

branch houses in St. Petersburg, Paris

and Leipzig, and pay prices that will





astonish you. I

Send Us a. .‘ ’





Our $200

Extra Offer Trial Shipment i,

We pay more be-





In addition to our

cause we got. more.





regular high rices '

we have set. as deS‘AlO Write for our price

list before you make y,





 





 





 





 





to be guild in premi- _

umso $50680h to the a single move! Over

shipper of the best 67,000 trappers and

Skunk, Raccoon, shippers are getting I,

F higher prices. "





Mink and Red ox our

on to





received, in the It will pay_





judgment of our send a trio ship-

Mr. Edw. ,i, Scnmidt, h, moot. Write todrifv ‘ x

April 1. Write for detail) _DOWI ( )





Traugott Schmidt & Sons ‘4‘





117 Monroe Ave. Detroit. Mich.





LET US TAN

YOUR HIDE. '





Cattle~ or Horse hide, Cult, Dog, Deer

or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.

We tan and Ilnlch them right: make

them into coats (for men and women),

robes. rugs or gloves when ordered.



Your fur goods will cost you less than

to buy them, and be worth more. Our

Illustrated catalog gives a. lot of in-

formation which every stock raiser

should have, but. we neversend out this

valuable book except. upon request.



II: tells how to take of! and care for

hides: how and when we pay the height

both ways [about our safe dyeing pro-

cess which is a tremendous advantage

to the customer. especially on horse

hides and call skills 3 about the fur

goods and game trophies we sell, taxi-

dermy, etc. If you want a. copy send us

’19:?" 83:?” ”film“



e r y r sian Fur Company,

571 Lyell Ave.. Rochester. N. Y.





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





of”? THE ASK “





SsriELo H





 





 





FIIEE INFORMATION 9!

HOWTO DOTANNING





Send for our illustrated circulars,

on taxidermist work, custom

tanning and mfg. of ladies furs,

robes, coats, rugs, gloves and mit-

tens,fromthetrappertothewearer.

'W. W. WEAVER. READING, MIOII.





 

 

 





 





 





WE SHARE OUR

PROFITS WITH You

Wc'pay highest prices and

remit promgztly. Semi for



copy or Q _ '





HIGHEST

PRICES

FOR





> o. Forty

W! N . . Se d .

TIE CU-OPEIMTWE RAW FIJI! CO. ‘

SB Joliarson an“ DETROIT.

. .





> ' ' G t ri E



, Write Us Firs} Jamaal:



: HighestPrIces for Furs

We buy any quantity—every kind. Send





today for rices and shipping tags 8 .

mamas 1. Tuba 124 N. n.3- s:.. St. annular:





{lot More Wood r——

With Loss Labor





This machine simply eats up the work. Fills

every need of the wood-sawyer. Save: time

--—saves labor. Straight-line motion. Free

from Vibration.





The Ireland

Drag Saw Machine





costs little, but it's the most reliable ma-

chine made. We also manufacture Circular

aws, Hay HOists, Saw and Shingle Mills.

all can 't beat our prices on Canvas Belting.

Write for circulars

and prices today.





HAND MACHINE & FOUNORV OO.

33 Slain St, Norwich, N. Y.





_____I





, ., Norse overshoot that are sharp-shod lor Icy

3 _-.~;-‘ iveai er. Ouckied on in one mln. Let us send

1 you 1 or 2 sols 0.0.0. by Par. Post, 83 oer sei

- .,.- delivered. Extra treads \viili sham oalks 30c.

. each, guaranteed to prevent slipping.

- vtrlie for circular.

Norman lig. 00.. 1420 Pa. AL. Washington, II. o.





 





 





 

 





   





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 





 





 





5 third column

1 paper maybe a ded when three or more are ordered.





 





,, Poultry Success, 'Sprlngfl old, 0. (m).....





31—79





FIRMS Mill FIRM IANOS

FOR SALE OH EXOHINOE





SELL FARMS. Send



0- D¢ Rose Farm AOGY- for new bargain list.

State and Warren Sts.. Trenton, N. J. Estb.190 .

WANTED—Improved farms and Wild- lands.

Beet system for quick results. Full



particulars and magazine free. Don’t pay 'bi oom-

missions. Western Sales Agency, Minneapolis, inn.





~ I: . a

NEW YOR fi'fieli‘%r‘i§3§.a‘i’v3.%2°w 22a

FARMS





sell them every day, winter

McBUBNEY & 00.. Fisher Bldg.. Chicago, Ill. ‘





 





 





and summer. Ask for list.





186 a. of heirship property. Level land. good soil and

water. 17 a. oftimber, large house an .good roomy

buildin for all kinds of stock. An ideal dairy or stock

form. if miles from town of 3 ILII'P. To make quick

sale it is offered at the low price of l‘fidoilors per acre.

Address. 1“. H. Carpenter, R,D. No. 2, omega. Mich.





or Sale or Exchange for good business. 3%) acres 3%

miles N. W. of Hastings on Main road. Sand and

Gravel loam soil lays level.23ets of good buildings with

silos. Well fenced and watered. 56 mile from school.

Price ‘60 per acre. Feldpnusch Broa., R 9,]lutingo. Mich.





FARMS, GOOD. CHEAP, PROFITABLE.





UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES NOW





State Board of Agriculture, Dover, Delaware.





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS





Near Saginaw and Bay City. in Glodwin and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Easy terms: Olen title. Write

for maps and particulars. STAFFELD BROTHERS.

15 Merrill Building. Saginaw. (W. 8.). Michigan.





I DESIRABLE FIRM FOII SALE—ilfifilelaitfsilfi‘?





soil gravel loam, under good state of cultivation, 2

houses, 3 barns, other outbuildings, 12 acres of line

oak timber, woven wire fences and running water on

place. For articulate write to owner.



F. A. DU FEE. Eaton Rapids. Michigan.





Here is a Farm For Three Families!





450 acres: 3dwelling houses, 6, 12 and 15 rooms. 3

barns. 68x100, 36160, 36x76. Hen houses. hog houses

and aranaries with all barns. Apples. pears. cherries

and grapes. Railroad town 3% miles; school 5.1 mile.

Phone and RED. Price $7.500; part cash. balance

time to suit purchaser.





Michigan Farmer’s club List.





For the benefit. and convenience of our subscribers

we have arr-an ed the following list of spots on which

we can save i. em money. Besides t .8 money, they

save the trouble and expense of sending each order

separately _



EXPLANATION—The first. column is the regular

subscription price of the other papers. The second

column gives our price for a year’s subscription to

both the other paper and the Michiganl‘armer. The

ives the price at. which the other





1 price is not given in this column ask us.



Exam le: We will send the Michi an Farmer and

Detmit Semi-Weekly Jo urnul for 1.15. If, for in

stance, McCall's Magazine also is wanted add it at 400

making total $1.55. Any number of papers may

added at. third column rice it they are for a sub-

scriber to the Michigan ‘armer.



If you want the MICHIGAN FARMEB THREE

YEARS and the other pa are one year'add 750 to the

second column price, or the Michigan Farmer 5

years add $1.50. We do not. send samples of other

po era. Address the publishers direct.



end all orders to the Michigan Farmer or through

our agentl.



We will take'your order for any publication you

want whether listed or not. Write for rates.



N0 E.-So long as a subscriber is on our list for

one or more years he may order at. any time any

publications at third column rrlce. So that a three

of five year subscriber does not. lose the advantage of

the reduced price it he wants any other paper next

year or the year after.



Subscriptions ordered to Canada require ostage.

Write for rates unless Bostage is known, in t at case

Include with order. ostage on Michigan Farmer

alone to Canada. is 1 cent per week. .





Bee explana-





NAME OF PUBLICATION. tion above.





 





Daily. (6 a Week) on R. F. I). only. S S O





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





Free Press. Detroit .. .. .. 2 50 2 50

Journal Detroit.... ........... 2 50 ‘2. 50

Times. betroit ............................. 2 00 2 00

Herald. Grand Ila ids..................... 250200

News. Grand Rapi s, Mich ....... . 2 00 1 75

Press, Grand Rapids.. .. 2 0.) 2 25

Courier-Herold, Saginaw 2 50 2 25

News Saginaw............. 200225

Tribune, Bay City, Mich 2 00 2 10

Blade, Toledo ................ . 2 00 ‘2. 05

News-Bee, Toledo, Ohio........... 2 00205

State Journal, Lansing, Mich .... .... 2 00 2 00

Tr] Weekly Newspaper:

World, N. Y. City ................ .......... 1 00 1 20 75

Semi Weekly Newspapers

Journal, Detroit, Mich ............. 1,00 1 15 '70

Weekly Newspapers



Blade, Toledo, Ohio ................. .. ... K

Commoner, Lincoln. Nci)....... . .... l8?) l 82 b3

Enquirer, Cincinnati, 0 .................. 1 (301 (0 55

Inter Ocean. Chicago, (w) ................ 1 001 00 65

Produce News, Chicago ................ .... 1 00 1 05 60

Cattle, Sheep. Swine. Poultry. etc.



American Poultry Journal. Oh i



American Poultr Advocate, 83:53:35))? 1 g8 1 33 gig

American Sheep ree der, Chicago (111).. 1 00 1 ) 90

American Swineherd, Chico. go. (m)..... 5" 3")

Breeders Gazette, Chicago, (w) ......... . 1 7’) l 4'. 1 0i)

Faro: Poultr Boston, Mass. (s-m) ....... 80 35

Fruit. Belt. rand Rap ids, Mich ......... 1 70 25

Green's Fruit Grower, Rochester, (m).. 80 85

Board a Dairyman, F ort Atkinson, Wis. 20 T5

Horseman Chico o (m).. .. (G 1 60





Jersey Bulletin. niliann olis,"]m_'m'

Kimbail'g Dairy F firmer? W'ziterlrgtl), l2.)





val-t HNi-I

HP! V-‘le—l





8 8§838 8-

I)?





National Sportsman, Bo st . Ill:

Poultry Keeper, Quincy. Il‘ll.l (m).1??.'.ST.)

Poultry Pointers Kalama zoo Mich......





Beliab oPoultr J l,

Swine Breedersy ouma Quincy.lll.(m)





Journal, I

Ind. .. . ndianupolis.





(s-m) .. .

Popular Magazines.

American Magazi e. N. Y.

gellieggiWelgk LuiN. Y. eitgityfffifil'

vary ya a. a. N. . ‘ .

Etude, Philade phzlla.1° a. gnlgftylmz."

Mechanical Digest, O ran d. Rapids (in):

MoCluree, Magazine, Y. City. (in)

Musician, Boston, Mass. (to) ......... In.

People s'Home Journal. N. Y. City. (In)

Pearson a Magazine, New York Pity. (in)

Red Book Magazine Chi cago, Ill. (m)..

Review 02 Reviews, N. Y. City. (m)......

Deli Ladleo' or Household.

neuter, N. Y. Cit . ..... ‘

Designer. N. Y. City. {in in)

Housewife, N. Y. City. (m).......

Ladies worm. New York osty....'II.'I""

McCall's Magazine. N. v. City. (m)...'.'2'

§ggiéggspnrtagmnigmtnt (m)... '

ioo

Fist-oral £19719sz. 9.8 Cili'y.llgisf. 5111.)" ..

n s ome om ’

Woman: World. Ch igligiigllnlll: .Y. 01} yi'.‘

A Religious and Juvenile.

men-loan Boy, Detroit Mi

Boys' Ma azine, Smethport, P2... $113.."

giggle: $0 ks], Sawmklfiass. (m) ..... ”I.

n cop 0'!) co , """

Youths Companion. ymElslg: IllMgaaw.)





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sed into the hands of its present

owners. During this same time





I |‘OUR years ago the Overland pas-





many other automobile manufac-‘





turers have come and gone—flared up

and out. But our progress has not only

been phenomenal, but strong and

healthy. Each year our sales have in-

creased by millions. In the last four

years we have accomplished more, done

alarget business and given the farmer

more car for less money than any other

automobile manufacturer in the world.



All this is a matter of record.



This is going to be our banner year.

We are producing 50,000 cars, and the

largest portion of this great output is go-

ing to the American farmer.





Farmer’s Now Using 65,000

Overlands





The farmer consumes more automo-

biles and more Overlands than all the

rest of the world put together. . Today

65,000 Overlands are giving satisfactory

service on American farms and ranches.

And if ever an automobile must

“ deliver ” it’s on or around the farm.



One of our largest western distribu-

tors has contracted for 5,000 Overlands.

This is significant and typical of the

west. He would take more it we could

supply them.





 





 





Electric heed, side



tail and dash light.

Storage battery



35 horsepower motes-J





rear axle.





Manufacturers of the famous Garford and





W illys- Utility T racks.





Full information on request:





 





"fl?

.5 1 I§J;:_‘[',

l WU"





l,“ Wm!“ fii' ‘ " 5 H «Ii Ma

MIMI ““llinmim” u Illlz'HIHHHéHi

ll I





fiilWLrammw .





I! ll}

1914—A Bumper





 





ll4-incb wheelbase ‘

Three-quarterflonting





33 x 4 Q. D. tires





‘ Hmuiiuiiféfl u

5i

ii -I‘ I W

H ,1“, H





ol‘lllm’





n!





In! mm: , '"





 





 





Like as not your nearest neighbor

owns an Overland. Ask him. He’ll

tell you of its all around ability and

economy.





We repeat, 1914 is going to be our ‘





bumper year. Never before has the

farmer shown such keen appreciation of

the Overland as he is doing right now.

Never before has he so “thoroughly

realized that we are actually giving

more car for less money than any other

manufacturer in the business.





And why not P

Larger 113 Every Respect—-





B_ut Lower 13 Price





, Look at the car—read the big speci-

fications—see the low price.





A wheel base ‘as long as on most

$1200 cars.





A motor as large and as powerful as

the power plant in most $1200 cars.





A car as large, roomy and comfort-

able as most $1200 cars.





Tires as large as you find on the

average $1200 car.





Electric lights—even under the dash

~9—deep upholstery, an unusually heavy

frame, a large steering wheel, Timken

and Hyatt bearings, three-quarter floating





Read The E3 Specifications





Cowl dash

Brewster green body,

nickel and aluminum

trimmings





 





With electric starter and generator SI075-f. o. 5. Toledo

The Willys-Overland Company, Toledo, Ohio





\

“Ill





 

 





. . .

::I ............





........





 





Deep upholstery . . .

Mohair top, curtains and boot

Rain-vision, Clear-vision '

windshield





 





W WNW I! is:





I

all,

Completely Equipped. I. o. 6. Toledo





nl tll





 





Overland Year





 





rear axle, a jeweled Stewart Speedometer 7‘

—all the same identical features you find

on the average $1200.car. '





The body is designed with graceful

cowl dash and flush ‘U doors with con-

Sealed hinges. Everything right up-to-



ate.





The car is finished in that magnifi-

cent dark Brewster green, trimmed

with polished nickel and aluminum. It

could not be made prettier. It could

not be made more striking if it cost

$3000.





93' price $950+

Others, Must Charge $1200





To duplicate this car any other fac-

tory would have to charge you $1200 and

more. Our price $950—because we are

the largest producers and can effect the

greatest number of manufacturing econ-

omies. And you save the difference.





 





_. This is.the car everyone is demand-

ing. See it before you buy. See how

economical it is on gas, 011 and tires.





Get in touch with the nearest Overs

land dealer. There is one near you.





Write us for a handsome 1914 cate-

logue. Please address Dept. 86._‘





Stewart speedonem

Electric horn



Flush U doors with

concealed hing‘ es





 





I





I! f‘! f