a». e" saw“. are.





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4

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M,”





VOL. CXLll. NO. 14. 3

Whole Number 3777.





T has been demonstrated in the

I last few years that soy beans can



be successfully grown in almost

every part of the state of Michigan.

They ripen in Ogemaw county, they

ripen in the southwestern part of the

state, and with proper culture there

isn’t any question but what they can

be successfully grown anywhere in

the state. Again, soy beans seems to

do well on a great variety of soils.

You don’t have to have any special

soil for them to grow on. They will

grow on hard clay or they will grow

on light sand. Like other plants, they

will grow better on a real nice soil

than they will on a poor soil, but it

is safe to say that soy beans will

grow on any soil that will produce

corn or clover. The abundance of the

crop will depend largely upon the

character of the soil; that is, the

fertility of the soil and the mechan-

ical condition which it is in——let

us put it the fertility of the soil.

With good fertile soil in good me-

chanical conditiOn soy beans will

grow luxuriantly and produce an

abundant crop, and like all other

plants they will give corresponding

yields on soils varying in fertility.

”The time to plant soy beans is af-

ter the weather becomes warm and

settled in the spring, say just after

corn planting. Put the corn in first;

then get ready and plant the soy

beans. There is one other thing that

must be done if you want to raise

good soy beans on soil that is some-

what deficient in nitrogen. The soy

bean is a leguminous plant and, like

clover and alfalfa, has a special bac-

teria which live in nodules upon the

roots, and these bacteria have the

power of taking free nitrogen from





Soy Beans Planted in Rows, Showing the Dense and Rank Growth of Forage Produced by





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DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, APRIL 4, 1914.





Growing Soy Beans





the atmosphere if they find it too

much trouble to get the necessary

nitrogen from the soil. If you want

to grow them so as to accumulate

nitrogen in the soil, then you must se-

cure these bacteria first, and the only

way you are sure they are present is

by the nodules on the roots. If soy

beans have not been on this soil be-

fore they will not be present for a

considerable time, and the best way

to do is to inoculate the seed at the

time of planting just as you do for

alfalfa. On land that contains an

abundance of nitrogen you can grow

good crops of alfalfa or soy beans

without inoculation. You can inocu-

late for soy beans in the same way

that you do for alfalfa. You can get

some soil from an old soy bean field

where there were plenty of nodules

present and scatter this soil on the

land and work it in and the soil is

inoculated. You can get a smaller

supply of the soil and make it very

fine, and wet your beans with a. solu-

tion of glue and then stir this soil in

with them so that particles of the

soil will stick to the beans and you

will then carry the inoculated soil

with the seed into the soil. Or you

can get some nitro culture from the

experiment station and inoculate the

Seed in this way instead of getting

the soil from an old soy bean field, if

it is not readily available. -

Planting.



There are two ways of planting soy

beans. One is to plant them the way

we plant white beans, in drills 28

inches apart, using a half to three-





quarters of a bushel of seed to the

acre and then cultivate them as you

would ordinary beans. Another way

is to drill them in broadcast with the

grain drill. This is done many times

when the crop is cut for hay. When

the soil and weather conditions are

favorable they make a rapid growth

and soon shade the ground and there

is no trouble from weeds. However,

if the soil conditions and the weath-

er conditions at the time of sowing

are not favorable, if it is on clay land

for instance, and there comes a

drenching rain immediately after the

beans are sown, a crust forms which

will prevent them from coming up

well. This will also germinate all of

the weed seed and the Weeds may

come up and get a little start and the

soy beans not do well. We must take

these things into consideration and

sometimes we must run the risk. It

pays to put them in drills and culti-

vate them. Then you can control the

weeds even under unfavorable con-

ditions. If you sow them broadcast

with the grain drill you will want to

sow from one and a half to two bush-

els per acre.



Undoubtedly the best preparation

for soy beans is clover sod turned

down, just as it would be for white

beans or for corn or anything of that

sort. The nature of this plant in its

growth doesn’t differ from other

plants, and the better conditions that

you can give it, so far as soil and

tillage are concerned, the better

chance you have for a good crop. But

of course sometimes we want to sow





. .The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





3 50 CENTS A YEAR

$2 FOR 5 YEARS





soy beans where we haven’t got the

very best conditions, then we must

make the best conditions that we pos-

sibly can and do the best we can, and

the plants will respond usually in pro-

portion.



Harvesting.



Where the beans are sown broad-

cast and intended to be cut for hay

they should be cut when the pods are

nicely formed and the best way to

do this is with a mowing machine the

same as you would clover and make

the hay on the same principle. Cut

it down and rake it up before it has

dried too much and put it into small

cocks and leave it to cure in the

cocks. You can leave soy beans on the

ground in the swath longer than you

can alfalfa hay and not have it injure

the plants so much, but it is better

to rake the hay up as soon as one

can and let it make in the cock. You

will have enough better hay to pay

for this, and you will also save enough

more of the leaves to pay. Where the

crop is grown for seed it is usually

planted in drills 28 inches apart.



In harvesting beans several ways

have been tried. One is to use an

old-fashioned self-rake reaper and

throw the gavels off loose. You can

bind them up afterwards if you want

to, or you can handle them right

from the gavel. Another way is to

use a mowing machine, and last year

on mine I tried the bean puller. We

went on and pulled them just the

same as we would white beans, and I

like that way the best of any way

that l have tried. Of course, you get

the crop roots and all but the roots

seem to do no harm. We put most

of ours into the silo and the cows eat

roots and all just as well as the pods





 





this Plant Under Favorable Conditions.
386—2





0





THE MICHIGAN. F‘ABMER,





APRIL 4, 1914.





 





and the tops. Of course, they have

to, but it don’t seem to do them any

harm. You get'all of the crop and

you don’t spoil any mowing machine,

and it is the nicest way to harvest

them. One can use a self-binder but

it is bad for the binder and if the

beans are ripe they are liable to shell

quite badly, and you have to handle

them as cheaply as possible and save

seed.

Varieties.



One must be careful as far north as

Michigan to get an early maturing

variety. Some varieties Will not ma-

ture here for seed. The variety that

has been grown most successfully and

is pronounced the best by experienc-

ed growers is the Ebony or Black





Beauty, which has given good results

so far as I can learn, in every in-

stance, as have also the Wilson and

the Ito San. Any of these varieties,

if planted at a proper time, right af-

ter corn planting, will mature in Mich-

igan in all ordinary years. .Last year

I had a field of early June peas for

the canning factory and got them off

the very last of June and the very

first day of July I worked up this soil

with a disk harrow and then planted

it to soy beans. I got a splendid

growth. They matured for hay. We

pulled them and put them into the

silo with the corn. Where one has a

whole lot of live stock to feed this is

certainly a proposition worth consid-

ering. COLON C. LILLIE.





|IiilIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHHIIllI|llIIlliIIIIIIIIlllllllllllillilllllllllIIII|llllllIllIIlllIIlIHlIlllIIllIIlIlllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIHITIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIWIIIIIII





The County Farm Adviser.





N several counties of Michigan



farm advisers are employed for



the purpose of encouraging better

methods of agriculture. This is anew

factor in disseminating information

regarding improved ways of farming

and quite naturally some criticisms

are heard. Naturally the field of op-

eration and methods of work and the

exigencies of the situation in general

are not generally understood. Some,

too, are perhaps inclined to resent

the suggestion that farmers are in

need of such an agent for imparting

instruction. In justice to the farm

adviser, therefore, it is important

that there should be a general un-

derstanding of the situation—the nec-

essities of the case as well as the

limitations under which this man

works.





The necessities are found in the

fact that the fertility of the soil is

being depleted generally. In the old-

er settled parts of the country, farms

are being abandoned because they

have become unprofitable and in all

parts the average of crop production

is declining. And this notwithstand-

ing the work being done by the agri-

cultural colleges in the several states,

the experiment stations, farmers’ in-

stitutes and the agricultural press,

Already students of public conditions

foresee the time in a very few years

when with the present increase in

population and the relative decrease in

farm production this ~country will

cease to export farm products and all

that is raised will be required to sup-

port our own people. The serious-

ness of the situation and its conse-

quences upon the welfare of coming

generations as well as the prosperity

of the present, unless this trend to

wards soil exhaustion is checked, is

recognized by the general govern-

ment and this service of instruction

in better farming is established and

fostered. It seems necessary that in

some way the information shall be

brought nearer to the farmers in gen-

eral than is being done by any means

now employed. It is thought to ac~

complish this by sending a man di-

rectly among them.



The dizfliculties and limitations un-

der which the farm «adviser labors

should be understood. His position

is a delicate one. He cannot go to

everybody and offer this advice, but

he can only go to those who ask for

Smg‘estions and assistance. Those

who are saxtistfiied and [contemted to

follow along in the old nuts and can-

timue to rob the soil, as many of

tihem zare doting, must he allowed to

continue .as filmy are doing, no doubt,

until they die off and younger and

more progressive man shall take

iiheia' mitoces sand undertake the work

at “spurring lithe Rummage they have

(lane and :agaiim building up the soil.



Another large obstacle in the mo-

gnessdtflifiswmikisfimii in What,

by courtesy, may be termed the pro-

verbial acmsmana‘tism of the average

tamer. iFIe 3is slow to change his

methods and take-“up with .new ones.





This is illustrated in the progress

made in spraying apple orchards. In

the writer's vicinity a few began

spraying with decided results prob-

ably 15 years before owners of apple

orchards were generally buying spray.

ing outfits. And yet the difference

between sprayed and unsprayed or-

chards is decidedly more marked than

would be the case between any pos-

sible differences in farm production.

The farm adviser can gradually in-

troduce successful experiments among

the people as he can find men willing

to undertake them and after a time

others will gradually take them up,

but the progress must necessarily be

slow. '

And probably one of the greatest of

the limitations of the farm adviser

may be found in the fact that the

great body of farmers do not realize

nor appreciate the gravity of the alt

uation. Apparently they are quite

contented with their lot, and if they

note any falling off in yields over

previous years they are disposed to

attribute it to seasonal changes or

adverse weather conditions rather

than to any defect in their system of

farming. They do not interest them-

selves very largely in different or bet-

ter methods. This has been very ap-

parent in an experience in farmers’

institutes recently covering a period

of nearly three weeks. In townships

largely and, some almost exclusively,

rural, with an average of 400 to 500

registered‘voters, not to exceed 40 to

50 actual farmers were in attendance

on an average at the local institutes.

And this in a county containing as

many Granges and other farmers’ or-

ganizations and in which as many in-

stitutes and similar meetings have

been held, and as progressive in all

respects, as any county in the state.

Nor are these conditions confined to

Michigan alone. A recent visit of

several days in eastern central Illi-

nois disclosed a similar state of at-

fairs there. Probably no part of this

country possesses richer or more pro-

ductive soil, naturally, than those

prairie soils of that section. The

state is conducting experiments in no

less than 20 difierent plam‘s and do-

ing what is in its power to teach im«

proved methods of farming: yet right

up to the very suburbs of Champaign

and Urbana, where are successful ex-

periment stations, the some general

practices of soil robbery prevail.

Bankers, business and professional

men understand that what was once

considered inexhaustible soil is being

rapidly depleted, but the large mass

of the farmers do not, at least to the

extent m’ adopting better methods.

Withsomneaofnhemitistoommch

trouble the. autil‘ine the beutflimg ma-

terial rigid "at hand, but they Mer

rumor to make together the metalks

intheifidmsomdshmmihmn,nnd in

the smiling evenmgs the W183 for

miles some flushed with «the smoldering

dines. Even :a 0011mm diam stiff

in production canes m unease mm

a‘la'rm theme sleepy farmers. It is

difficult for the farm adviser to help





those who are contented and satisfied

pith their present lot.



In point of fact it is proper in pass-

ing judgment on the work of the

farm adviser to bear in mind that the

opinions of those who have not avail-

ed themselves of his good offices are

often ill advised, as opportunities for

observation as yet are limited, and

some who are disposed to criticise

may yet lack information regarding

his work. His progress must neces-

sarily be slow, but it is absolutely in-

dispensible. -



Allegan Co. EDW. HUTCHINs.





THE SWEET CLOVER QUESTION.





 





Just now there are a great many

inquiries about sweet clover. It is

like the measles and chicken pox,

they will never be safe until they

have had them.



I have investigated sweet clover

and if there is any reason 'why any-

one should grow it, I have never been

able to discover what that reason

was. It has been recommended as a

soil builder and as a forage crop. To

my mind there is no use it can be

put to that alfalfa will not serve bet-

ter for. To begin with, the seed is ex-

pensive. ‘You have to pay as much

or more for the unhulled seed. than

you do for the hulled seed of alfalfa.

According to bulletin 485 of the De-

partment of Agriculture at Washing-

ton, a large part of this seed does not

germinate the first year because of

the thick hull that surrounds it. Now

what good will the seed that comes

the succeeding spring do? It will be

but puny and insignificant at the time

when, if used as a soil builder, it is

ready to turn under. You can’t get

the full benefit if you do not let it

get at least two feet high, and if you

are not ready at once to turn under,

it soon gets woody and resembles pig

weed or shepherd's purse and. is hard

to get under. It is a biennial and it

is its nature to die as soon as it

makes seed, While alfalfa is a peren-

nial and will furnish feed or hay for

years and will build up the soil more

cheaply than sweet clover.



Now as a forage crop, it is a delu-

sion and a snare. What on earth

anyone would starve cattle to eat it

for, when they can raise alfalfa that

all stock likes, is a mystery to me. It

has a bitter principle which turns

stock against it. Before you are tempt-

ed to try to make stock live on it,

better sprinkle some quinine on your

bread and butter and see how you

like it. That is a good thing to give

an appetite. True, stock will get used

to it to some extent, but how. about

the young stock?



I have watched all kinds of stock

and I will say they will not eat it

when they can get any other fair

feed.



Then it is claimed it will be a good

thing to inoculate alfalfa ground. It

will not inoculatee for alfalfa any

more than alfalfa will inoculate itself.

You have to inoculate the sweet clo-

ver or wait until the bacteria gets

into the soil in slow, natural ways.

Then it needs lime in the soil, and if

you think you can get a stand on

rundown soil, you will be fooled. If

sweet clover will grow on a piece of

land, so will alfalfa with less cost for

seed and it will be good for some-

thing when it is grown.



Gd. Traverse Co. E. H. ALLYN.





PROFIT FROH THE FARM.





 





I have no doubt that the many

readers of the Michigan Farmer have

been much interested in those arti-

cles lonely in the paper, on that moot-

ed question, “Does Farming Pay?”

While so many of our farmers, espe-

cially the younger portion, are be-

coming somewhat dissatisfied, and

mmeevenmfingtoflmtfiflealbe-

Elleve it very essential that this” most

‘l-y discussed. With your kind per-

mission I wish to make a statement,





and also present some figures for the

consideration of your readers and

with- the intention of verifying the

same, viz., the ordinary farmer, with

an ordinary sized family, on an ordi-

nary 80-acre farm, receives a com-

pensation other than money, equal to

or greater than the interest at six

per cent on his investment.





House rent

Use of conveyance for pleasure 50





 





Fire wOod for cook stove ...... 50

Flour ......................... 25

Potatoes ...................... 25

Meats ......................... 60

Butter ........................ 50

Poultry and eggs ............. 40

Garden ........................ 50

Milk .......................... 20

Fruit ......................... 30



Total ...........\ ............. $500

Value of farm ................. $6,000

Value of personal ............. $1,500

Interest at 6 per cent .......... 450





Now, what should his cash receipts

be, which, deducting expenses, will

represent pay for his labor? '





 





Butter-fat or milk.. ............ $ 700

Hogs ......................... 300

Wheat ........................ 200

Oats .......................... 125

Poultry and eggs. .' ............. 200

Fruit, etc ................. . . . . . 75



Total ....................... $1,600





When we stop and think of the

many different laboring classes not

one having as many leisure hours as

the farmer, the farm is by far the

best place in the world to bring up

a family of children, and with innu-

merable other blessings that are his

we will, I trust, all agree that the

“old farm” is a mighty good place af‘

ter all.





Jackson Co. J. E. HELMER.





 





A HIRED MAN’S VIEWPOINT.





 





I noticeed in my Michigan Farmer

recently, a discussion of the hired

man problem. Maybe I can solve it.

I have been at both ends of the string

and can say that if the hired man is

used more as one of the family, and

less as a tramp, he will undoubtedly

work better.



The first place where I worked I

was used like a dog, was begrudged

a place at the table and given the

smallest and most uncomfortable

room in the house.



I was only a “kid” but I resented it,

and slighted my work to “get even,”

——I couldn’t better my position. There

were two girls, one my own age and

the. other a little older, and an elder

son, they all picked on me, and had

I been older Iwould have gone away,

but at my age I didn’t think it was

well to try it. -



I worked there seven months, doing

the work while “the bosses" stayed in

the house and played dominoes. This

on an eighty-acre farm. The boss did

the easy work, such as mowing and

raking. While I. a sixteen-yearold

boy, did the cradling, planting, culti-

vating and booing, and pitching hay

and grain. '



However, the last place I worked

was a great deal different. There, on





200 acres we had four horses, 12 cows .





and the usual bunch of hogs and

chickens. I took care of the horses,

that was my chores. If I had time

and cared to, I could help with the

rest, but I didn’t have to. I was used

almost like a big brother by the chil-

dren—of which there were nine—and

almost like a son by the “gudemon”

and his wife. It was home in the

best sense. I didn't have the best

room, but I had a good one. If I

wished to go to town I was told to

drive, if the horses were not working

too hard.



The “boss” said that to get a man

interested in his work he had to get

interested in his man. And he was

right. Giveadogahadnameandhe

willearnit. Useamanflkeaman





andifheisn’tallgonebewfllbea~





man.

Iwonld advise-we Momma

harem interest in the wait, the

ssmeasiiitmflsm.andhe

can‘thelpgett‘lngalongwefi.





‘43





~11: .





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





.. ~...- .
_ ‘5 ,





 





 





 





 





 





 





APRIL‘ 4, 1914.





TESTING THE SEED CORN.



There are many different kinds of

germinators on the market, and al-

most any of them are good; but the

best and cheapest of them all can be

made at home for a few cents. The

germinator is made in the form of a

shallow box with an inside dimension

of 30x20x2 inches. This is space for

140 two-inch squares, if you put a





‘brace piece in the middle of the tray.





The lumber used should all be half

or three-quarter-inch stuff, except the

two pieces used for the ends and

these should be one inch thick, in or-

der to give the tray the desired

strength and stiffness.



The squares into which the tray is

divided are made by driving in tacks

every two inches along the middle of

the sides and ends, and stretching

string back and forth on the tacks

until you have the whole tray divided

into two-inch squares.



Light sand is the best medium in

which to germinate the corn, as it is

cleaner and more easily handled than

anything yet used. A little readily

available fertilizer is a good thing to

put in with the sand, as it gives the

plants a better media in Which to

grow, and thus hastens the germina-

tion and later growth.



The corn on the rack should be di-

vided into rows, ten ears in a row,

and with a stick to mark each ten. A

tray is filled with the sand and is





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





event all the light possible should be

given, because the corn comes on

faster; and thus one is better able to





tell the true condition of the ears.





represented. The corn will require at

least twelve days of germination and

growth before it is in the best condi-

tion for judging. '



At the end of the time required the

tray is taken to some convenient

place near the corn rack, and the cull-

ing of the poor ears begins. It is more

economically done by two men, one

judging the corn, the other taking the

ears from the rack as soon as they

are judged. The work may be done

by one man, but in this case he had

best put down the results of his judg-

ing on a piece of co-ordinate or

“squared paper,” placing the result of

his judgment in a square of the paper

that will correspond to the ear on the

rack. Then, after he has secured the

data on one tray of corn, he may then

take his paper and save or discard

the ears, as may happen to be indi-

cated.



In the judging of plants one must

have a standard and stick to it through-

out the entire time. The stalks, at

this time, ought to be about four

inches high and perfectly uniform. If,

for example, in a certain square all

the kernels came up but were shorter

than the average in the tray, the ear

they represent should be discarded,

as this indicates poor vitality, and

such an ear would not produce a pay-





 





 





— A Good Germination Box for Testing Seed Corn.





leveled off even with the top of the

tray. The sand should be left as

loose as the leveling process will per-

mit, as in this physical condition it

is easiest to plant into. A cord is now

stretched Upon the tacks, thus divid-

ing the tray into two-inch squares.

Into the first square is planted five

kernels from the first ear in the rack,

in the second is planted five kernels

from the second ear; and so on till

the five representative kernels from

every ear have been planted. The ker-

nels should be selected around the

cob, the first one about one inch from

the tip, the last about one inch from

the butt; the other three are taken

from the middle of the ear and in a

spiral manner around the cob. The

five kernels should be pushed into

the sand in the center of the square,

and as close together as is possible,

as this does away with any confusion

due to the stalks of one square push-

irg out into another. Ten ears of

corn fill up the ten spaces of the first

row, and, as the ears are set off by

tens, we may be able to tell readily

just where a certain ear is on the

rack. When a tray is filled a marker

should be placed at that point to tell

where one tray stops and the other

begins. ‘



Each filled tray is now wet down

until the water stands on the surface

of the sand, this is done so that the

kernels will have plenty of water to

soak up, for this hastens the germi-

nation by the changing of the stored

food in the grain to an available form

ready for use by the developing

“germ.” Subsequent waterings should

merely wet the soil. The corn will

germinate best if it is given top light,

but if this is impractical, good side

light will do almost as well. In any





ing quality or quantity of corn. The

ears, by the test, may be diveded into

four classes. No. 1, those that pro-

duced five good healthy plants; No.

2, that lacked one plant: No. 3, that

lacked two, and No. 4, that lacked

three or more. The first class may

be depended upon to produce. a stalk

of corn apiece. If, for any reason, the

second two classes have to be used

they may, but allowances must be

made for their deficiency in germi—

nating and growing powers. Class

No. 4 is of no value, and the members

of it are, of course, discarded.





After the corn is tested and the dif-

ferent classes arranged, it is shelled

and each class is put into a bag and

labeled. The bags are then hung up

in a cool dry place away from mice

and other animals.



Ingham Co. R. P. VVASIIINGTON.





VITALITY OF SEED.





As a result of careful tests made by

the Department of Agriculture of ov-

er 3,000 carefully selected ears of

what was considered good standard

seed corn, more than half of the ears

Were found to be of low vitality and

unfit for seed. By testing-individual

ears and rejecting those of low vital-

ity, an average gain in yield of near-

ly 14 per cent could be secured as a

result of the better stand and better

productiveness of strong plants.





This is a very attractive statement.

Figure out the cost of these germina-

tion tests and then figure your last

year’s corn average and yield, and

strike a balance with a 60-bushel yield

per acre and with corn at say 600 a

bushel, the increased profit per acre

would amount to $5.04.





 





 





3—387





v e u .

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TH E' M'IC H'I‘GA'N‘ FA RM ER





FARM NOTES.





 





Sowing Alfalfa with Peas.





I have five acres of rolling ground,

well drained, a good loam soil, which

I wish to seed to alfalfa this spring.

Last spring I plowed under a good

rich sod and planted it to potatoes

with commercial fertilizer, and raised

a good crop of potatoes, keeping the

ground free from weeds. I am going

to sow peas for the cannery and sow

alfalfa with the peas. What do you

think of my proposition? Has anyone

tried it? Would some of the Michi-

gan Farmer readers answer through

its columns?



Mason Co. W. E. D.





When our soils have become well

inoculated with the bacteria peculiar

to alfalfa, it is entirely probable that

we can get good stands of alfalfa

much more easily than is the case on

fields where this crop has never been

grown. The common experience of

those who have succeeded best with

this plant is that the first time it is

grown on a field, the conditions should

be made the best possible in order to

insure its success. However, these

favorable conditions seem to be pres-

ent on some soils, and it would not be

an expensive experiment to try out

the plan suggested in this inquiry,

then if early peas are sown for the

canning factory, there would still be

time to prepare the soil and re-seed,

if this first seeding of alfalfa did not

prove a success. If any reader has had

experience with this method of sow-

ing alfalfa, information concerning it

would doubtless be appreciated by

many readers.



Seeding Sweet Clover with Peas and

Oats.





Can one get a seeding of sweet

clover with Canadian field peas and

oats? How much sweet clover should

be sown per acre; also how many





peas?

Montcalm Co. H. N.





While it might be possible to get a

good stand of sweet clover by seeding

it with peas and oats, it would be just

as doubtful a proposition as getting a

stand of alfalfa or common red clover

sown under similar conditions. About

twenty pounds of sweet clover seed

should be sown per acre, as much of

the seed Will not germinate the first

season. Peas and oats should be mix-

ed equal parts and about two to two

and a half bushels of the mixture

sown.



Crops for Green Manure.





I have some very sandy soil which

has been run for years with nothing

put back. How would corn sown and

then plowed under when knee high,

act as a fertilizer, or is there any

other crop that could be put in this

spring that would be better?



Eaton Co.





It will be more profitable to sow

some leguminous crop, such as soy

beans, as a crop for green manure.

A good way to improve this land, and

at the same time utilize it to some ex-

tent, would be to plant soy beans in

drills so they could be cultivated,

then about the middle of August sow

vetch and rye between the rows, and

bog down the soy beans this fall,

turning the whole under next spring

when the vetch and rye gets a good

start. Of course, any crop which is

growu and plowed down will improve

the physical condition of the soil, but

a leguminous crop will add some

nitrogen as well.



Treating Seed Corn to Prevent Depre-

dations of Crows.



I would like to ask through your

paper how to treat seed corn so the

crows will not take it.



Kent Co. G. C. H.



Various plans have been tried for

the treating of seed corn to prevent

the depredations of crows, but prac-

tically all of these involve hand-plant-

ing and have been abandoned by

most farmers. Devices of which the

crows are suspicious are often resort-

ed to to keep them from the fields,

with varying success. Perhaps the

best plan is to plant the corn on a

well-prepared seed bed after the

weather is warm enough to bring it

up quickly, and guard the field if nec‘

essary until after the corn comes up

until it gets too large for the crows





 





APRIL 4, 1914.





to disturb. A little c’orn scattered in

an adjacent field would tend to bait

the crows away from the cornfield.





Coal Ashes as a Fertilizer.





Are hard or soft coal ashes any

good for fertilizer on light soil? What

kind of fertilizer would be best for

corn on light soil, with a light clover

sod on part of it; how much per

acre; how would be best to apply it,

and what can it be bought for?



Allegan Co. W.





Coal ashes are of little value as a

fertilizer, and would not pay even for

the labor of applying them to a light

sandy soil. On heavy clay soil, soft

coal ashes are valuable as a means of

making the soil less impervious to air

and water, and if available Without

cost other than their application, it

will often pay to use them. Neither

hard or soft coal ashes, however, con-

tain any quantity of available plant

food.



Fertilizer for Corn.



A complete fertilizer would be most

suitable for use on corn on this kind

of land. One should be used, how-

ever, which contains a fair percent-

age of phosphoric acid. A standard

grain fertilizer containing eight to 10

per cent phosphoric acid, a fair per-

centage of potash anda little nitrogen

would be suitable. If applied in the

hill, only a small amount should be

used, say 100'1bs. per acre, as a larg-

er amount will be likely to injure the

germinating quality of the seed un.

der unfavorable weather conditions.

Where applied broadcast and worked

into the soil, 500 lbs. per acre is a

fairly good application. The cost will

depend altogether upon the analysis,

of the fertilizer.





Sowing Alfalfa in Wheat.





I would like to know about sowing

a field to alfalfa. It was clover sod

to start with, covered heavy with ma-

nure and put into corn, and is now in

wheat. Would it be all right to sow

alfalfa this springin the wheat and

plow it under in July to inoculate the





soil?



Calhoun Co. C. C. W.



There would be no object in sowing

alfalfa with the idea of plowing it un-

der after the wheat is harvested, to

inoculate the soil. If the bacteria is

present in the soil or is introduced

with the seed by other means, and

the soil is in a proper condition to

provide a suitable medium for the de«

velopment of the bacteria, the alfalfa

plants would become inoculated, and

if a successful stand was secured, it

would be poor policy to plow it up.

On the other hand, if the bacteria

were not present or the soil not in a

suitable condition for their develop-

ment, the young plants would not be-

come inoculated, and plowing them

down would not inoculate the soil for

future crops. After our soils have

become accustomed to growing alfal-

fa and have become thoroughly inoo

ulated, it is entirely probable that

alfalfa can be seeded in wheat as com-

mon clover now is, but for the first

crop on any soil, it is better to pro-

vide the best possible conditions for

the plant, in order to get it well start-

ed.





 





MAKING THE FARM PLEASANT.





 





A farm is just what we make it—

a pleasant or an unpleasant place to

live.



A few flowers in the front yard, a

hammock on the porch, a cement

walk to the barn, an automobile—

any one or .all of these things might

make the difference between content

ment and discontent with life on the

farm for the family.



Little conveniences for the work,

also, are important. If, by expending

a few dollars, we can lighten a task

for years, such as hooking an engine

to the cream separator or the churn,

is it not good farming and good liv-

ing to do so?



You will farm better and live bet-

ter if you keep in touch with the ad

vertisers in the Michigan Farmer.
APRIL 4, 1914.





RESULTS OF DIFFERENT METH-

ODS OF INOCULATING FOR

ALFALFA.





 





In the Michigan Farmer of March

22, 1913, I had an article on inoculat-

ing for alfalfa, in which I told the

readers of my experiments in inocu-

lating several plots of ground, using.

different amounts of soil and different

methods of inoculatng each plot, and

said I would weigh the hay from each

plot separately and report the results

in the Michigan Farmer. Right here

I will say that, owing to the very se-

vere drought in the months of August

and September, I was unable to get

but two cuttings last year, and that

there was more or less common red

clover in each plot, but I made a

careful estimate of how much there

was and have deducted it from the

total amount and this report gives

only the exact amount of alfalfa hay

per acre grown from each plot.



Now for the benefit of those who

did not read the article referred to, I

will say that the entire field was fer-

tilized during the winter with 30 tons

of stable manure. per acre, except two

small plots that were left for an ex-

periment.



0n plot one I sowed two tons of

soil per acre from an old alfalfa field,

disking it in thoroughly with the ma-

nure before plowing, and as this plot

has yielded much more hay than any

one of the others, I shall follow this

method until I learn of some better

way. This plot yielded 6,750 lbs. of

hay per acre in two cuttings.



Plot two was only about two rods

of ground near the middle of plot one

which I did not fertilize but inoculat-

ed at the rate of five tons of soil per

acre. From this plot I got about 50

lbs. of hay, or at the rate of two tons

of hay per acre. and also learned a

valuable lesson that I will not forget,

and that is, that if I want to get a

good crop of alfalfa I must use fer-

tilizer with the inoculated soil.



Plot three was fertilized the same

as plot one and was disked with a

cutaway before plowing, but only

one-half ton of inoculated soil was

sown per acre and that sown after it

was plowed. From this plot I got at

the rate of 4,165 lbs. of hay per acre.

Please compare this with the amount

of hay 1 got from plot one and then

multiply the difference by five and

you will see how much I will lose in

five years, as there will probably be

about the same difference each year

for the next four years in the amount

of hay I will get from each plot, and

then draw your own conclusions as

to whether it pays to‘ inoculate with

two tons of soil per acre, or only one-

half ton.



'l’lot four was treated exactly as

plot three, except that. there was one

ton of soil used per acre for inocu-

lath g, but the yield of hay was but

little more than plot three.



Plot five was manured the same as

plot, one but was not, inoculated at all,

and the yield was only at the rate. of

1.500 lbs. of alfalfa hay per acre.

Please note the difference in these

two plots.



l’lot six was not manured or inocu-

lated and there was not enough hay

on it to pay to cut it. I don’t think

there would have been at the rate of

100 lbs. per acre.



Now I will r'eport the results of

eight years of my farming the same

acre that is in plot one. Ten years

ago it was part of an old peach or-

chard and I pulled the stumps and

manured some of the lightest soil and

planted it to potatoes and got about

130 bushels. The price of potatoes

that year was only 10 cents per bush-

el so I was out at least $10 for my

seed and labor. The next year I

planted it to red kidney beans and

got a good crop and a good price for

them, and made about $10 more than

my seed and labor cost me, so I was

just even on those two years. The

next year I gave it a light coat of

manure and planted it to corn and





 





THE MICHIGAN





got 110 crates of corn; then I was

ahead about $25 for that year. The

next year I sowed it tooats and seed-

ed it with clover and timothy, with a

profit of $10 for that year. The next

year I cut a good crop of clover hay

and also got a light crop of clover

seed and was at least $30 ahead for

that year. The next year I got about

$15 worth of clover and timothy hay

from it more than my labor cost to

cut it. The seventh year I planted

it to potatoes, using large seed and

cutting them in three or four pieces,

but owing to the very hot, dry weath-

er at planting time, a large per cent

of the seed almost baked in that

ground, so that I had a very poor

stand and got only about 40 bushels,

which I sold at 70 cents per bushel.

This made a net profit of $5.00 or

$6.00 for that year. The eighth year

I planted it to corn, but the cutworms

were so bad that I had to replant it

twice and it was so wet and cold in

the fall that the corn did not ripen

and was not worth enough to pay for

the labor that year. On the average

for the eight years this acre has paid

me about $10.50 per year net profit,

or there has been grown upon it about

$185 worth of crops at a cost of over

$100 for seed and labor. In the year

1912 I sowed this acre on the third

day of May to peas for the canning

factory, and sowing 16 lbs. of alfalfa

seed with them. The net profit that

year was about $20.



Perhaps nearly everyone who has

made a success in growing alfalfa

has observed that it grows a heavier

crop each year for three or four years

after it has been sown, and as I got

6,750 lbs. of hay the first year from

two cuttings, I stand'a' pretty good

chance of getting five tons or more

this year at three cuttings, and even

more than that the two following

years. As we are told by those who

have analyzed it that a ton of alfalfa

is worth nearly as much as ton of

bran, the hay will be worth more than

$20 per ton and can be cut and put

into the barn at from two to three

dollars per ton. Figuring on this

basis. my average net income from

this acre will be about as much each

year for four or five years as it was

for the entire eight years before I

sowed. it to alfalfa.



Oceana Co.





ROAD SOILS AND ROAD WORK.‘





H. K. BIL-\Nt‘ll.





Just as soils differ for agricultural

purposes, so they differ for roads. say

the road experts of the Department

of Agriculture. Clay or soils of fine

texture usually make poor roads. es-

pecially if they contain much vegeta-





ble matter. The coarser soils, how-

ever, which contain some sand or

gravel, will often make very satis-





factory roads for light traffic, provid-

ed they are kept in proper repair. If

the road is composed of fine clay or

soil, it will sometimes pay to resur-

face it with soil which has sand or

gravel mixed with it.



It is a great mistake, say the road

specialists, to put the working of the

earth off until August or September.

The surface is then baked dry and

hard. It is not only difficult to work

but is unsatisfactory work when done.

Earth which is loose and dry will

remain dusty as long as the dry

weather lasts and then turn to mud

as soon as the rains begin. By using,

the road machine in the spring of the:

year while the soil is soft and damp,,

the surface is more easily shaped andi

soon packs down into a dry, hard

crust which is less liable to become

dusty in summer or muddy in winter.



Repairs to roads should be made

when needed, and not once a year af-

ter the crops are “laid by.” One day’s

labor, judiciously distributed through-

out the year, will accomplish more

and better work in the maintenance

of an earth road than the same





amount of labor expended in six days,

especially if the six days are in Aug-





w





ust, September or October.





 





 





 





; l





FARMER





Alaine Illamlfacluring Company’s Plant, Nashua, N. [1.

One of the Largest Refrigerator Factories in. the World. Covered with J -M A sbestoe Roofing.





Not a Cent For Paint





or Repairs In Twenty Years





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2286





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(i. :





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M i I I i o n s ' M '

are to be made along our line. The mild climate stimulates the





milk flowaand cotton-seed by-products are conceded to be the

best for da1ry cows and can be bought cheaply. ’





Ten Months’ Pasture. Every Year





make the Golden Central South 3 natural dairy country, and there

is money in it for the man who will start a dairy there new.

Write for illustrated booklets and magazines telling of 'the suc-

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G. A. PARK, Gen’l Imm. and Ind’l Agent, Box I 05. louisville &-Nashville II. IL, louisville, Ky.





   

 

   





 





 





 





 





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THE MICHIGAN FARMELR





COST AND PROFIT IN LAMB FEED-

ING.





 





For the benefit of your readers, I

will try and give the exact cost of

buying, feeding, shipping and selling

a, carioad of lambs.



I bought in Chicago Nov. 24, 1913,

377 lambs, average weight per head,





44 lbs., at $6.60'per cwt., which is

$1,174.00. Freight from Chicago was

$23.40; interest on $1,197.40, $21.15,





making the total cost of lambs $1,-

218.55 For two weeks I let them run

in a pasture lot that had been used

for cattle as long as they could pick

a living, so I have made no charge

for the pasture, for they had to earn

all they got. Fed them on clover hay

for one week, and then commenced to

feed grain, oats, rye, beans, wheat

bran equal parts ground together, ad-

ding one-fifth whole barley the first

month, and for the rest of the time

corn, beans, rye and wheat bran equal

parts ground, and the same bulk of

barley with clover hay. Amount of

grain used, oats one and ,a half tons;

beans, three tons; corn, two tons;

rye, three tons: wheat bran, three

and one-half tons; barley, 12.tons, and

hay 13 tons, the whole cost of which,

including grinding, was $603.54. Six

died, the balance I shipped to Detroit

on March 10, getting $7.75 per cwt.

for 369, and $3.00 each for the other

two, which were crippled in the cars.

They averaged 73 lbs. per head, 01‘ a

total of $2,096.95fi Expenses of mar-

keting were as follows: Freight,

double-deck, $13.50; single-deck, $10.-

50; 300 lbs. hay, $4.50; 41/; bushels of

corn, $6.75: scales and yardage, $7.38;

commission, $16; insurance, $20; to-





 





 





tal, $58.83. The net profit after de-

ducting all expenditures above noted,

was $215.03.



I have not allowed anything for la-





 





bor, but I have 50 loads of first-class

manure to put on the farm, and that

is worth nearly what the labor was,

for if we had not been caring for

these lambs we would have been idle,

and that is as bad as working.

Genesee Co. Joux DECOU.





HELPING THE LAMBS.





 





There perhaps is no place in the

management of live stock where a lit-

tle help of the right kind will return

greater compensation than with the

little lambs when they are about to

make a start in life. The flock owner

who desires to encourage uniformity

and rapid development in the lamb

crop will study means of helping na-

ture to give the young lambs a good

start and promote continuous bone

and flesh formation.



Ewes that have been well fed and

cared for during the pregnant period

generally drop strong, robust lambs,

ready and anxious to undertake the

burden of wool and mutton making.

However, despite good attention,

there are always a few ewes which

encounter difficulty and must be help-

ed in order to overcome functional

weakness. Help,-of. course, must al-

ways be governed by circumstances,

as probably no two cases will re-

spond to the same kind of assistance.

Ewes that drop their lambs on pas-

ture during the-months of April and

May generally require less attention

than ewes that lamb while confined

to dry feed and do not have access to

natural food.



No small amount of the trouble ac-

companying lambing can be avoided

if the flock owner is onto his job and

paying attention strictly to business.

Ewes disowning their lambs is one of

the common annoyances which every

flock owner is up against, notwith-

standing he has given the ewes the





 





best of care. This trouble is not \al-





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together caused from improper feed-

ing, but a maternal weakness that

can be partially obviated through

skillful management. Ewes suspected

of giving trouble of this character

should be removed from the flock

several days previous to lamblng and

confined to a small pen where they

can be closely watched.



For the good of the newly-born

lambs and ewes, neither should be re-

quired to move about much, at least

for the first day or two after lamb-

ing. If the lambs come on pasture

during the month of April and early

May it is prudent to guard aginst sud-

den changes of weather and cold,

chilly nights. Newly-born lambs are

very senstitive to abrupt changes of

any nature and such are always like-

ly to produce functional disorder.

During the early spring, no matter

how favorable the weather may be, it

is a good practice to confine the flock

to the stable at night to insure the

young lambs against physical evil.



Sometimes lambs are born with

stiff necks, or their necks become

stiff subsequently. Frequently pecu-

liarities, such as becoming lame in

their legs, in some instances unable

to stand, appear to nurse with diffi-

culty and act sluggish, the flock own-

er is lost to know just What to do

to effect relief. First, put the lambs

in a warm, dry place along with their

mothers. Then make a thorough ex-

amination of each lamb. Constipation,

diarrhoea, inflamed gums, swelled

neck and rheumatism are very com-

mon ailments of young lambs and if

attended to on time can be success-

fully treated without causing a set-

back in the growth of the lambs. The

secret of treating little lambs is dis

covering the trouble and administer-

ing treatment before the ailment has

secured a strong foothold.



Shiawassee Co. L. C. REYNOLDS.





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





Catch Crops for Hog Pasture.





I have about three acres of June

grass sod that I am going to fence off

and sow half of field to some early

crop for hog pasture and, as soon as

that is ready to turn onto, plow and

sow balance to something that would

be good for a late fall pasture. What

would you advise me to sow for the

earliest pasture, also for the late? I

would like to get this field sown to

alfalfa as soon as possible but need

the field for hogs this year.



Genes‘ee Co. SUBSCRIBER.





A combination of peas, oats and

rape should give as good results as

anything which you could sow for

early and late hog pasture. If the en-

tire field is sown as early in spring as

practical, then it could be divided and

part used for early pasture, giving the

balance of the field an opportunity to

grow to near maturity before the hogs

are turned in, then, if the first part

used is pastured so closely that late

fall pasture will not be secured from

it, more rape seed could be sewn to

provide later pasture. Soy beans or

cow peas could also be used for the

later pasture, but the mixture above

advised would give better results for

early feed. About four or five pounds

of rape seed would be sufficient per

acre.



Cooking Cull Beans.



I wish you would have some of

your readers tell me the proper way

to cook cull beans for feeding hogs

and cows. A good many of my neigh-

bors have failed to make a success of

bean cooking.



St. Clair Co. J. P.



The best way to cook cull beans is

in a covered kettle or cooker, using

as little water as possible so the

beans will not be sloppy when they

are cooked. A little experimenting





‘with the cooker which is used will





determine the best amount of water

to use in the cooking process._ For





~Salt, wood ashes,~





 





APRIL 4,1914.





cows 3. good many feeders are now

using bean meal in connection with

other feeds instead of cooking them,

this being a. more convenient way of

feeding.





 





PUSHING‘ THE PIGS.





 





To produce rapid gain with pigs at

low cost in the shortest length of

time it is very essential that the

proper kind of food be supplied from

the day of birth until the hogs have

reached maturity.



There are three elements that the

body of the hog is made of that

should be supplied at all times dur<

ing the growing stage. First, min-

eral matter, which goes to supply

bone material; second, protein, which

furnishes material for muscle and re-

pairing broken down tissues, and,

carbohydrates, which supply nourish-

ment to the various parts of the body.





One cannot expect a hog to take

on a large amount of flesh unless it

has the frame-work to carry the bur-

den. In a large measure the frame of

the hog determines profit realized

from feed consumed. In feeding

growing pigs I direct my attention to-

ward. supplying the body with miner-





'al matter to produce the bone growth





as well as with other materials for

the other parts of the body.



Of course, while the pigs are re-

ceiving nourishment from their math

er the mineral matter must be sup-

plied through that source. There are,

I find, several ways of supplying this

mineral matter to the growing pigs.

charcoal and soil

are good economical means of sup~

plying this mineral matter to the pigs

during all stages of growth and de-

velopment. I find it an excellent

practice to salt my hogs regularly no

matter whether they are on pasture,

grazing a good portion of their liv-

ing, or whether they are in the fat-

tening pens. If salt is fed in limited

amounts in the slop daily there can

possibly no injurious effect result and

I know that my hogs keep in a heal-

thier condition.



I always supply abundant charcoal

obtained from the sifting of wood

ashes and coal cinders to my hogs at

all times of the year. I find that they

relish the charcoal, and it seems to

serve as a good tonic for them.



Green forage is one of the essen-

tials to successful pig raising, and is

a direct means of supplying mineral

matter to the growing pigs during the

summer season. Clover contains in

the green stage small amounts of

mineral matter and if grown for graz-

ing purposes will produce rapid bone

development. Cowpeas and soy beans

are good and I always grow a lot of

them as catch crops, but I do not

consider them as good as alfalfa and

other clovers for growing hogs.



When pigs are pastured on mixed

grass, clover or field peas, they will

not consume as large amounts of

mineral matter as when confined to

limited quarters and when depending

upon grain rations, nor do they need

so much supplied, for they are get-

ting a great amount of their supplies

from grass and clovers.



The larger portion of the ration

supplied to growing pigs should, of

course, be made up of protein. From

the period of two to six months old

the main object in feeding growing

pigs is to develop bone growth and

the encouraging of the taking on a

moderate amount of flesh. This be-

ing true, I consider that a ration that

is excessive in protein is detrimental

in producing rapid bone and flesh

growth. Wheat middlings, oats and

field peas are good materials for bal-

ancing a protein ration for growing

pigs.



Last year I fed a bunch of pigs

during March and April on a part ra-

tion of mlddlings, giving them access

to a clover pasture and they did well,

making gains every day. Hogs are

great money makers, and especially

so at the prices now prevailing.



Texas. A. M. LATHAM.
APRIILIfi,1914.





EXPERIENCE WITH HOG CHOL-

ERA.





 





lmmunity from the Disease.



Since hog cholera has become such

a scourge, each one’s personal expe-

rience becomes of interest, and while

I cannot agree with the conclusion

drawn by Mr. Townsend in his con-

tribution, printed in a recent issue,

I do not question the facts of immu—

nity in his herd in the face of extra-

ordinary exposures as he states them.



Five years ago I purchased the farm

where I live. There is a slaughter-

house operated on the farm, then sit-

uated about 80 rods from the barns,

now removed about 40 rods farther

away. The year before I moved on

the farm they lost about 40 hogs by

unmistakable cholera; my first year

here a herd of over 20, and while they

now dispose of most of their hogs be-

fore they fear the disease among

them, there has not been a year when

the disease has not taken one or more

hogs for them. My dog is in their

yard every day, going there to get

meat and bones. He has always play-

ed with my hogs. I have all fertiliz-

ers from the plant; and frequently go

around my own hogs before even giv-

ing my boots a good cleaning after

drawing manure from there. And two

years ago,'after they had lost several

head of hogs from cholera, a bone

dealer gathered a large load of bones





 





.THE MICHIGANIFARMER





the cholera nearly cleaned out the

hogs of that entire section.

lowing winter he began feeding chlo-





, ride of lime, and salting liberally, the





Salt causing them to drink water

freely. For about 30 hogs he would

take a one-pound can of the lime, dis-

solve it in a 50-gallon cask, in as

much water as would soak up enough

corn to fill the cask when it swell-

ed out, and fed this every week the

year around. He never lost a hog

from cholera after he began this, al-

though the disease took whole herds

on every side of him in several differ-

ent seasons. I regret to say, that ow-

ing to the sales he got for brood sows

he would never tell his neighbors

what he did. As I raise but eight or

10 a year, I just take a small handful

of air-slaked lime or hydrated lime,

(either one, as I have it), for each

two grown or half-grown hogs, and

stir it into their swill twice a week

the year around, and usually about

cholera time, every other day. I sell

milk, so for drink they get water. 1

salt this once a day and keep plenty

of wood ashes where they can work.

them over for charcoal. For feed,

pasture in summer, alfalfa or June

clover in winter, with middlings, corn

and meat scrap which I purchase

from the meat company, being the

scrap left after trying out the tallow

other than the suet. I do not claim





to be a particularly successful hog





 





Well Matched Twin Colts Raised on





from the yards, and in coming out his

wagon broke down and he dumped the

whole load in my yards. And when

I came up from work six hogs were

busy rootng and hunting them over

for scraps of meat.



The year before I moved heme, the

renters who then lived on the farm

lost 17 head from cholera. When the

disease first appeared among -their

hogs they divided them, using about

every available building and yard, and

even the root cellar, and having no

interest in the next year, buried them

so shallow that the plow passed

through some of them the next spring.

And dogs and skunks dug into more

of the carcasses. Although told I

could not keep hogs here for at least

two years, I raised four, fattened

them in an old wooden pen where five

died the previous year, and have raiS<

ed hogs every year since and never

have had a sick hog from any cause.



I note Mr. Townsend has a large

pasture and nothing keeps hogs in

better health than a good large

range. And it is an old recognized

fact that with man or beast a sound,

healthy stomach and digestive tract

will pass disease germs through when

with weak digestion or impaired vi-

tality the same germs will thrive.



For the past two years the cholera

has been very prevalent around here.

Now I have no'cure, ‘but‘i‘n‘my case,

and in another in'erebraska, a treat-

ment .which has proven an absOlute

preventative. I had a relative in Ne-

braska who raised all the hogs he

Could from 30 brood sows. One year





 





the Farm of W. Hunter, Montcalm Co.





raiser, but I raise them and have no

fears of cholera.

Ionia Co. W. B. TRAVIS.





FEEDING EXPERIMENTS.





 





In experiments which were con-

ducted at the Woburn Experimental

Farm, in England, five lots of four

each of approximately three-weeks-old

Shorthorn bull calves, previously

reared on whole milk, were fed nine

weeks on the following feeds: Lot 1,

cod-liver oil and separated milk; lot

2, a purchased “calf meal,” along with

whole milk and separated milk; lot 3,

gruel, consisting of six pounds of fine

oatmeal and one pound to one gallon

of water, with separated milk; lot 4,

whole milk; lot 5, crushed oats given

dry, and separated milk. Following

this period the calves were turned

out and all fed alike with separated

milk, a little linseed cake, and crush-

ed oats; later the milk was discon-

ued, and the oats and hay increased.

The calves were castrated when

about six months old and then fed

throughout the winter on linseed

cake, cotton cake, and sliced roots.

The greatest gain was made by the

calves in lot 5-13.30 pounds a week

per calf for the first feeding period of

nine weeks, at a cost of about five

cents per pound of gain. During the

second feeding period this lot made

an average gain per calf daily of two

pounds. It is concluded that the early

feeding of calves has an important

[bearing on their development. and

that a good start is very essential.





The fol- '





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Bought his Studebaker when he came

- home fiom the civil war-using it yet





HEN David Hire, of Syracuse, lnd., got home from the

Civil War he bought a Studebaker Farm Wagon. That

was 48 years ago, and the same wagon is still hauling fifty bushels





of wheat at a load to market.





Here is what Mr. Hire has to say about his Studebaker wagon.





“It may interest you to know that l have in my possession a Stude-





baker Farm Wagon bought just





after I returned from the war,





about 1866,] think. It carried a guarantee to haul 50 bushels of

wheat and though it has been in constant use since it was bought,

it is still good to haul that amount to market. I hope to use it

for many years yet, as it is in good condition.”





A REAL VETERAN





That is the way with Studebaker wagons.

Built of air dried timber, with inspections at

every step of manufacture, they outlast the

ordinary wagon from twenty to thirty years.





You may be offered a wagon at less cost than

a Studebaker, but consider that the cheaper

wagon may last five or ten years, while a





STUDEBAKER 0





NEW YORK CHICAC

MINNEAPOLIS SALT LAKE CITY





DALL





Studebaker will last a lifetime. That makcsthe

Studebaker the better investment, doesn't it?

“Build no! the cheapest, but the best”has

been the policy of Studebaker for over hall

a century.



You can't make a mistake if you buy a Stude-

baker F arm Wagon, Buggy or Harness.





South Bend, lnd.



AS KANSA CITY DENVER



SAN FRANCISCO PORTLAND. ORE.

Admzoog





). 'Studebakemlast a lifetime





 





 

 





 

 

 





_ You lose $1.00 on every

srx sheep you shear In the old

way. The Stewart gets a length





 

 

 





highest price. Extra profits soon pay for

it. The Stewart has ball bearings m y

every part where friction or wear occurs.

Has a'ball bearing shearing head of the .

latest improved Stewart pattern. Its price

complete, includin 4 combs and 4 cutters

of the celebrated tewart quality is $11.50.





   

 

 





STEWART‘S No.9 BEmNG

.SHEARING MACHINE





gets all the wool and takes it off quickly and smoothly in

one unbroken blanket. To shear with the Stewart Ma- '

chine seems like play to those who have labored with hand





shears in the old. hard, sweaty way. You don't have the / $2.00 an we

same swollen aching wrists. You don’t scar and dish - willshipC.O.D.

ure your sheep with uneven shearing and spoil the woo / l PRICE for the bal‘

With second cuts like you used to do. Get one from our , S 50 veg-£401”

dealer. or send us $2.00 and we will ship C. O. D. or - - «.i- we" gage?

balance. Money back if you are not well pleased. *’ '





BY, riii EN R





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





and quality of wool that brings the ”all? E





Stewart Ball Bearing

Clipping Machine





For Horses, Mules and (lows





mules in the spring

—they look and feel

better, do more .

i. work, rcst better ' "

and get more good -

. from their feed.

3 Clipping the flanks

, and udders of cows

prevents the drop-

ping of filth into

milk.Thc Stewart

. can be used for

clip ing horses,

mu es and cows

. without change.lt's

the easiest to turn

does the fastest

work, $335.

longer an is the

most durable.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 





 





Price

.1501





   





 

 





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Tools, etc. , mal ed on request.





Ice, snow or rain; nesting birds or trash—you can

always depend upon the





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Roller bearing trolleys are completely enclosed in heavy steel tube.

Cannot be clog ed or derailed.

Trolleys operate on evel tread, reducing friction to the minimum and -

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ease when fitted With the Bird roof.

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he tubular form of the Bird Proof TracE

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mention the Michigan Farmer.





 





 





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





lid?!
392 -—8





 





 





THE MICHIGANVFA‘RME‘R‘





APRIL 4, 1914. ‘





 





Low 30-Day Price

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Edwards Steel Roof ever struck by lightning. We

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You get this guarantee when you uy.





Special April Price, Freight Paid

, -, Recentlge made a most advantageous purchase

of steel. for 30 days only we are able to quote

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THE EDWARDS MFG. 00.

417-467 Lock St. Cincinnati. Ohio





 





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hoe Book





 

 





   

     





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A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE MILK

PROBLEM.—-(Continued).





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.

Suppose the City Controlled the Milk

Supply.



If one man were to take upon him-

self the contract for furnishing milk

to the city of Detroit, or if the dis-

tribution of milk in this city were to

become a municipal problem, what

would the cost of such a product be?



We discuss the advisability of the

municipal operation of public utilities

such as street car transportation, but

hear very little or nothing about the

ownership or control of a city milk

supply, andyet the people of the city

are more dependent upon the milk

supply than upon the street railways.



Our purpose, however, in discuss-

ing this topic in this way, is merely

that the public may get a clearer idea

of the extent of the problem which

the handling of city milk involves.

One Quart of Milk for Each Three'



Persons is Surely Conserative.



There are approximately 500.000 hu-

man beings in Detroit. The records

will show that each human being con-

sumes about one quart of milk in

three days. Figuring the usual pro-

duction of the average dairy cow, it

may be easily seen that to produce

this milk supply will require a herd

of 25,000 active cows. The first in-

vestment, therefore, which would

need to.be considered, would be the

cost of securing 25,000 dairy cows.

We have placed the cost of such an

animal at what we believe to be a

conseravtive figure, $80 per cow. This

makes an investment in cows of $2,-

000,000. To support this stock will

require the use of 115,000 acres of

land which, at a conservative price of

$100 per acre, means an investment

of $11,500,000. The average equip-

ment necessary on this land we will

represent at $20 per acre, which

again figured to 115,000 acres makes

an investment of $2,300,000. All of

the above items are concerned with

the production of milk.



Now, in a city like Detroit the dis-

tribution of milk is an important item

and we allow $2,000,000 as the invest-

ment necessary to secure distribution

facilities for this milk. This means

the handling of approximately 167,000

quarts of milk per day.





The Total investment is No Small

Sum.

The total investment, therefore,





necessary to supply the city of De—

troit with milk is approximately $17,.

If the municipality should

decide to supply and distribute milk





' to the city of Detroit, the investment





necessary to carry on this transac-

tion would be $17,800,000, as herein

estimated, or if an individual were to

contract to supply the city of Detroit

with milk it would be necessary for

him to figure on an investment of

this amount of money.



Now for the purpose of computa.

tion and arriving at-the cost of pro-

duction, it matters not whether the

supply of milk is in the hands of one

individual or in the hands of 5,000 in-

dividuals, except that in all probabil-

ity‘ one man would carry the service

on at a less expense than would 5,000

individuals. The investment must be

figured on the same basis and. we

purpose to consider it in the light of

any other business transaction.



Cost of Money Invested, and Depre.

’ ciation.



If a manufacturer in the city of

Detroit were to undertake to conduct

a business involving the investment

of $17,800,000, it would be necessary

for him first to figure on the cost of

this investment to him, which items





 





 





 





sun-swans» Mamet-uh. .





muét be added to the cost 'of produc-





tion before any profit considerations

are taken up. Not only this, but there

is always a certain amount of depre-

ciation in property and in equipment,

which depreciation must either be off-

set by a direct charge or, what

amounts to the same thing, there

must be created a sinking fund to

take charge of the depreciation. The

depreciation in a manufacturer’s bus-

iness of course depends on the nature

of the business, but it applies to

equipment, supplies, stock, buildings,

and on the farm, to barns and fences

and land, and implements used in

farming. A self-binder may cost,

when new, $150 and the life of that

binder may be, we will say, five years.

Manifestly this binder has deteriorat-

ed to the extent of $30 per year in

addition to the cost necessary to

maintain it at its maximum efficiency.



This analogy holds in any other

line of business endeavor. In the

dairy business not only do we have

depreciation of buildings and depre-

ciation of equipment and implements,

but we have the very great factor of

depreciation of the stock. The eco-

nomic productive capacity of cows

varies. But if we will establish six

years as the limit to the animal’s eco-

nomic productive capacity, we may

then divide the difference between the

original value and the value at the

end of her milk-producing period, by

six, which will represent the depre-

ciation of this animal per year. This

is a big item. Other items of depre-

elation along this line would be the

maintaining of the health of the cows

in the herd, and depreciation due to

the» contraction of contagious or in-

fectious diseases, which while per-

haps not always a. total loss, yet sure-

ly depletes very materially the finan-

cial value of the animal and conse-

quently the selling price-





The Manure.

Some of our readers will assert that





consideration should be given herefor

the money value of the manurial con-

stituents produced on the farm. We

feel that altogether too much promi-

nence has been given to this manur-

ial consideration in the farmer’s ac-

count. We do not mean by this that

we deprecate the value of this pro-

duct, but we do not consider that the





financial value of the manure produc-





ed on the farm can be cited as an el-

ement of profit in the farmer’s ac-

count.



Manures and fertilizers are an off-

set against deterioration of land and





should be so considered. In order

that the land which is being used

may preserve its original maximum





valuation because of having main-

tained its original productivity, it be-

comes necessary to return to that

land a certain consideration in ma-

nures and fertilizers. This is land de-

preciation and in or er to prevent

land depreciation the manures pro-

duced on the farm are returned to the

farm. They are not an element of

profit but may be used to offset de-

terioration.



It is difficult to fix a figure which

will cover cow depreciation but it

probably would not be far from 20

per cent per year. Now the real cost

of the production of crops to a farm-

er is represented not only by the cost

of his labor but there is involved in

this the depreciation of his property

plus the cost of the money which

covers his investment. If a farmer

has an investment of $5,000 in his

farm, in land and buildings, it be-

comes necessary for him to make on

his products $300, which covers the

cost of the money invested alone. If

he does not get $300 his money is not

earning him six per cent interest, and

he is, therefore, getting less propor-





tionately for a small investment than

men in other business get for a larg- -

er investment. We fully believe that

many farmers do not get six per cent

interest on their investment but if

they are going to succeed in a. busi-

ness way, in a competitive market,

they must figure they cost of the in-

vestment. If they did not have this

investment their money could be

drawing them six per cent interest.

Consequently when they forego the

privilege of the six per cent interest

accumulation and place this money in

real estate investments on the farm,

to make its equivalent they must fig-

ure 3. six per cent interest on the

money invested. Then to that pro-

duct besides its proportionate share

of the interest, must be added its pro-

portionate share of depreciation and

the actual cost of the production of

that product. The selling price should

be greater than all these items in or-

der that the dairyman may receive a

profit in his business.



To establish the soundness of this

reasoning we simply need to say that

if the municipality of Detroit started

in to supply its people with milk it

would be necessary for it to have an

investment of $17,800,000, and the only

way it could get this would be to bor-

row it at the bank, giving in return

interest-bearing bonds. And if an in-

dividual arranged this very service it

would be necessary for him to obtain

the money at the bank and he would

likewise be compelled to pay the pre-

vailing rate of interest thereon, which

we may readily see must be figured

into the cost of the production of the

milk in order that he may carry on

this business successfully. '



investment Per Cow.



we will find that the capital invest-

ed will,in this way represent about

$668 per cow, and for every cow

that is furnishing milk to the city of

Detroit, the owner has a right to fig-

ure an investment of $668, of which

approximately $600 represents the

producer’s investment, and the $68

per cow represents the distributor’s

investment. This proportion is fairly

representative of the comparative in-

vestments of the producer on the one

hand and the city retailer on the

other. i

What the Cow Must Pay to Cover in-



vestment Per Cow.



Now the actual feed necessary to

produce one quart of milk costs ap-

proximately two and a half cents per

quart. The interest on the invest—

ment of $600 at six per cent is $36

per year, which means that each cow‘

must produce $36 in milk in order

that she may pay the interest on the

investment she represents. This in‘

vestment we have explained, means

land and cows, also buildings and

equipment, and are average conserva-

tive figures based on actual condi-

tions.



For the city of Detroit the interest

on the producer’s investment to fur-

nish milk represents approximately

$900,000 per year, which, of course,

is the Cost of the money on which

the business is run. This represents

approximately one and one-half cents

per quart of milk produced which, ad-

ded to the actual feed cost of two

and one-half cents represents four

cents per quart, which is the cost of

the milk without consideration being

given to depreciation. It now we

represent depreciation at 20 per cent

of the first cost of the- animal and

make no mention whatsoever of other

depreciation, we must add to the cost

of that milk 0.6c per quart. We have

thus accounted for 4.6c per quart as

the producer’s cost in the production

of milk. This must all be realized

before a man who borrows the money

to conduct his business on can realize

any profit, and, of course, the money

which a farmer may invest, even

though it is his own money, is en-

titled to just as much. interest-bearing

value as money purchased at a. bank.



(Continued next week).
1





APRIL 4, 1914.





a!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllfllllmIllllIlllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMINNIE





Dairy. ‘





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





SHALL WE SELL BUTTER, MILK,

OR CREAM?





llllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllll





E





 





At this time of the year there is a

scarcity of milk for market purposes

in the city. In May and June usually

there is an over-supply. Commercial

milk dealers now are going out into

the country surrounding big cities

and purchasing milk, paying almost

any price to get it, and farmers who

are so situated that they can sell

their milk in the winter time to the

city dealer are quite fortunate, be-

cause they can get very good prices

indeed. This is especially so in cer-

tain years. But a man to do this

must figure on disposing of his milk

at other times of the year when there

is more than the ordinary supply in

the city. So, while for a few months

he perhaps gets a little better price

for his milk than he would get if he

made it into butter, it is a bad thing

for the co-operative creamery, as this

is just the time of the year when the

co-operative creamery has hard work

to pay expenses. They have prac-

tically the same expense that they

have during the flush of the year and

yet cannot get raw material enough

to make a profit. The man, however,

who lives close to a means of trans-

portation and can go to the. bother of

taking his milk to the station every

morning at a certain time can,-as I

say, during portions of the year prob-

ably get more for his milk than he

would if he made it into butter. There

are, however, other things to take in-

to consideration. If he: will follow

this up the year round he won’t make

so much more as he thinks he will.

Not only that, but he sells his skim-

milk, or practically gives it away, be-

cause they make no allowance for it.



If the farmer is raising nice pigs

or calves or if he has good poultry

this skim-milk is worth considerable

to him. Feeding it to ordinary scrub

stock it is figured to be worth 25

cents per 100 pounds. If you are

feeding it to pure-bred stock you can

well make it worth $1 a 100 pounds.





 





RATION FOR A TEST.





 





I am going to test a couple of cows

in a few days. Will you please give

me a balanced ration from the follow-

ing feeds: Ground corn, ground oats,

turnips, bran, linseed meal, and can

get beet pulp, dry, cottonseed meal or

any commercial feed if necesasry. I

have bright clever hay, alfalfa hay

and corn fodder for roughage, but no

ensilage. Prefer, of course, to use

my own feeds as far as possible.

What do you thing of corn and cob

meal in place of the clear corn?



Livingston Co. S. M.



Nothing is better for the main part

of a ration for a test or, in fact, for

a cow to make a profit, than corn

meal and ground oats and wheat

bran. It may be that other feeds can

’be purchased which will be cheaper,

but when it comes to having a cow

do better I doubt very much if you

can get anything. In making a test

one is not so much interested in eco-

nomical production as he is in a big

yield, consequently the cost of the

feed is a secondary consideration. Of

course, everybody wants their test to

be profitable, too, and yet what they

are after is to bring the cow under

the wire with a satisfactory record,

and when we go into a test we make

preparations for that and our calcu-

lations accordingly, and we don’t let

the differences of a dollar or two on

a ton of feed stop us from reaching

the desired end. But ground corn and

oats and wheat bran mixed equal

parts by weight, I should say, ought

to be the bulk of the grain ration.

However, you ought to have some

commercial feeding stuff rich in pro-

tein, or two commercial feeding stuffs





 





TIEE MICHIGAN FARMER





rich in protein, to mix with this. Oth-1





erwise, if your cow is making a phe-

nomenal yield, she may not have pro-

tein enough in the ration. So I would

suggest your ground corn and oats

and wheat bran as the main part of

the ration and then cottonseed meal,

oil meal, gluten feed, or all of them,

to be used as occasion requires.



There is no use in prescribing the

amount of grain to feed per thousand

pounds live weight, when tests are to

be made, because we throw all rules

aside and simply cater to the appe-

tite of the cow and push her to the

limit. One begins by feeding a mod-

erate ration at first and gradually in-

creases until he gets to the limit of

the cow’s capacity to take feed and

consume it. One might start in with

the idea of feeding a pound of grain

a day for every pound of butter-fat

produced in a week, or a pound of

grain for every three or four pounds

of milk produced by the cow. But one

making a test would not be satisfied

with any rule like this. It is well

enough to start that way but the feed

should be gradually increased. It is

needless to say that this must be done

by careful feeders, it ought to be done

if possible by the owner of the cow.

Gradually add a pound or two each

day until near the limit of the capa-

city of the cow. Then add another

pound and wait two or three weeks.

If she takes it, add some more, and

keep at it just as long as the cow will

keep increasing in yield. If she stops

increasing the flow of milk, then stop

the grain and drop back a pound or

two on the ration, as you are giving

too much. When she gets used to

this, try her again carefully, and in

this way get a maximum yield.



In the roughage for a test ration,

there is nothing better than good

bright clover hay and alfalfa hay, and

one should give them all they will eat

up clean. There is no use in weigh-

ing it, and there is no use in figuring

it. Simply give them What they will

eat, and occasionaly give them a feed

of cornstalks. Of course, you won’t

ask them to eat it clean, but a little

variety in this way will be relished

by the cows, and probably they will

do more than they would if you didn’t

have cornstalks to feed occasionally.



The turnips will come mighty handy

as long as you haven’t got any silage

or any other succulent food. Hardly

anybody would want to go into a long

test with dairy cows without some

form of succulent food and turnips

will answer the purpose very well, in-

deed. In fact, there isn’t anything

that is very much better. Some might

save their mangel wurzels or sugar

beets, or something of that sort, but

there is nothing any better than good

old—fashioned turnips, and you can

feed them liberally to the cows by be-

ginning with small amounts and

gradually increasing until you give

them just about all they Will eat up

clean twice a day.



As long as you have bran and oats

to mix with corn meal, I wouldn’t ad-

vise grinding the cobs; there is very

little nutriment in corn cobs. It will

only be bulk. Where one has noth—

ing else to mix with the corn, it is

probably advisable to grind the corn

and cob together, because the corn

cob lightens up the meal and it will

not set so compactly in the stomach

of the cow, and I think you get bet-

ter digestion. But where you have

this variety of feed I should not both-

er with corn cob meal; Neither do I

think it necessary to buy beet pulp

as long as you have good turnips to

feed. The only thing that you could

get out of the beet pulp would be a

little variety. The turnips are more

palatable than the beet pulp. In fact,

with your ration of clover hay and

alfalfa hay, good corn, oats, wheat

bran, cottonseed meal and linseed

meal, (don’t forget that), and perhaps

gluten feed, and with plenty of tur-

nips to feed, the cows will make a;





 





 





 





record if they are capable of it at all.





—--393 ‘





 





\\





 





 





 





CREAM SEPARATOR





SAVES





over any "other

separator or

creaming’ system





Quantity of cream that no other separator will recover com- “

pletely, particularly under the harder conditions of every day use.





Quality of cream as evidenced by De Laval butter always

scoring highest in every important contest. H





Labor in every way over any gravity system, and also over

any other separator, by turning easier, being simpler, easier to

clean and requiring no adjustment.





Time by hours over any gravity

system, and as well over any other sepa—

rator by reason of greater capacity and

the same reasons that save labor.





 

 

 

 

 





Cost since while a De Laval Cream

Separator may cost a little more than a

poor one to begin with

it will last from ten to

twenty years, while other

separators wear out and

require to be replaced in

from one to five years.





Profit in more and

better cream, with less

labor and effort, every

time milk is put through

the machine, twice a day,

or 730 times a year for

every year the separator

lasts. ll





Satisfaction,

which is no small con-

sideration, and can only

come from knowing you

have the best separator,

with which you are sure you are at all times accomplishing the

best possible results.





Easily proven—these are all facts capable of easy dem-

onstration and proof to any user or intending buyer of a cream

separator. Every De Laval agent is glad of a chance to prove

them by a De Laval machine itself—without the slightest obliga-

tion on your part unless entirely satisfied.





If you don’t know the nearest De Laval agent.

simply address the nearest main office as below.





The De Laval Separator Co.





 





 





 





l65 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 29 E. MADISON ST., CHICAGO





50,000 Branches and Local Agencies the World Over J"





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   

 





Band {or our

Elfin Bummes

Booklet





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" “ 'ffiGALVANIzED SHEETS





‘5 Highest uality and best known Galvanized Sheets manufactured.

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' ' .. AMERIcAN SHEET AND 1m PLATE COMPANY. Pittsburgh.





   

 

   

   





 





'. g-v‘a‘s- w i
3-.





394—10





Why I Started in J,

the Dairy Busmess .-





I asked myself, “How are you

going to make the old place pan

Dad had run it his way.

I allowed I’d run it my way.





out.PH





I borrowed money on it, bought

more good native cows, became

a dairy farmer, and put in a





isHARPLEs





:M ILK'E R





I Dad had been paying

I Del Morgan and Tom

I Hoops 15 cents an

I hour for milking about

I 6cowseach. Costhim

I 5 cents a cow a day,

or thereabouts. N 0

money in that. My

three-unit outfit milk-

ed 30 cows an hour.

Del did most of the

work, and I soon found

that milking a cow

twice a day cost '50

cents a month against

$1.50 in the old-hand-

milking days. Con-

siderable saving, be—

lieve me.





Well when a“ machine can

milk cows faster and better

than I can by hand, make





Bought it about the time I

got its running mate, the





MILK ER. Talk about

team work! Men, give me

a TUBULAR, a bunch of

teat cups with the upward

squeeze, 75 high grade cows





 





Omaha





 





 





 





 





k

III-IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII-I





You can get a Milker Book ‘

and a Separator Catalog by

asking for it like I did. Good

reading and means bigger profits.





'I‘IIE SHARPLES SEPARATOR 00.

WEST tarsus, PA.





Chicago Dallas Minneapolis

Toronto

Portland, Ore.





AGENCIES EVERYWHERE

III-,I'II‘III III-II...





 





THE MICHIGAN FARME-R





 

   





x} ”’3’ /





’em like it, produce a lot of

cleaner milk, and cut down

overhead expense about two-

thirds, I’m ready to take

the platform and tell you

dairy farmers'Tm strong for

that machine.





Tom and Del have quit





muttering and threatening

to revolt. Dragged ’em out





of bed pretty early in the

old days. Now they sleep

longer, start later, finish

sooner, earn more than

their salt. Got more outfits

now, too. Paid the mort-

gage off long ago. In-

creased a one-horse wagon

milk business to 75 cows

and a flock: of busy wagons.

Traveling some!





The MILKER pulsates

like real money and harmo-

nizes with the purr of the





SHARPLES





,, ‘TUBULAR K

CREAM SEPARATOR





——or even less—~and con-

tented help like I’ve got.

and I’m willing to take my

chances with the old—fash-

ioned chap who dairy farms

with the drudgery methods

of his grand-dad.





Kansas City

San Francisco

Winnipeg ,





 





 





 





 





I





MAKING DAIRY COWS OUT OF

HEREFORDS.





 





I have a herd of Herefords and de-

sire to cross with some breed that

will produce more milk and contain

more butter-fat. What is the best

kind of bull to buy for this. purpose?



Livingston Co. A. W. K.





Herefords are intensely beef bred.

There never has been any dairy fam-

ily in this breed. Not only that but

they are strong blooded and their

characteristics are well fixed. There-

fore, it would take longer to change

Hereford cattle into the dairy type by

breeding to a dairy bred sire than it

would the common grade cattle. If

this herd of Herefords are pure-bred

or high-grades I would recommend

that they be sold and that either

pure-bred cows of some dairy breed,

or else good common cows be pur-

chased as a basis for a dairy herd.

The present good prices and the de-

mand for beef cattle would certainly

warrant one in selling the beef-bred

herd. This money could be invested

in a dairy herd or in good common

cows to good advantage.



'You can readily understand that a

dairy sire bred to common cows or

native cows, or cows of miscellaneous

breeding, would make a greater im-





pression on the progeny than if bred





to these pure-bred Herefords. Not

only that, but the common cow or the

most of them, at least, would have

some dairy tendency and characteris-

tics, while the Herefords would have

practically none, consequently the

progeny from a dairy sire and com-

mon cows would sooner become dairy

type and make profitable cows, than

if one attempted to breed Herefords

to dairy purposes.



A. W. K. wants to know the best

breed to select for this breeding up

purpose. I am frank to say that I

don’t think there is any best. Of

course, each breed has its character-

istics, but the common standard by

which all dairy animals are judged is





 





economical production, and when that

standard is taken for comparison

there is very little difference in the

dairy breeds: In fact, there is more

difference between individuals of a

breed than there is between breeds.

One can, however, advise the selec-

tion of a dairy sire from one of four

breeds, because there are four great

dairy breeds, and they are Jersey,

Guernsey, Holstein and Ayrshire.

Now, my judgment is, select a good

sire with plenty of good producing

ancestors back of him, from one of

these breeds which I like the best. I

would breed the grade cows to this

sire. Then I would breed the heifer

calves back to thesame sire to fix his

blood, and after that continue to buy

bulls of the same breeding and in

that way get a high-grade herd of ex-

cellent quality dairy animals.





 





CORN WORTH MORE IN THE

SI’LO. '





 





Which is worth the most, 100 bush-

els of corn in the silo, or 100 bushels

ground and fed to cows? Would you

take the corn off the stalks before

putting it in the silo? P. J.



If corn is cut up at the right stage

of development and put into the silo

there is no loss of food nutrients.

This is at the time when the ear is

glazed and dented but it is not ripe

enough to cut up and shock in the

old way. If you leave the crop stand

some of the nutriment that is in the

stalk will undoubtedly, go into the

ear. The ear is most valuable if the

corn gets dead ripe. Now if you get

some dead ripe ears in the silage it

will not keep as well in the silo. On

the other hand, the corn, stalk and

all, contains the largest per cent of

digestible nutrients when it is just

mature, not dead ripe. You save the

value of the stalks by putting them

into the silo. If you put it in just

before the ear contains the greatest

amount of nutriment, you get that

nutriment in the stalk, and the nutri-





 





ment in the stalk is just as valuable





APRIL 4. 1914.





as the nutriment, in the ear. Iwould

not pick off any ears, but would put

all into the silo, and you will get the

entire food value out of the corn

plant





 





A NON-SUCCU LENT RATION.





 





Can one keep cows successfully





without either beets or silage? I'





would feed a ration of grain, consist-

ing of beans, corn and oats, and some

cottonseed meal, and alfalfa, shred-

ded stalks and mixed hay as rough-

age. What other feeds would I need?

Shiawassee Co. C. R. P.





. You can get fairly good results with

dairy cows without succulent foods

but you can get better results with

them, especially for long periods of

time. The succulent food is general-

ly the cheapest food in the ration. I

do not think it would. be necessary to

feed cottonseed meal when you have

beans in the ration, especially when

you have enough alfalfa so that you

could feed a good feed of alfalfa once

a day and mixed hay once a day, as

you will then get a. sufficient amount

of protein to make a balanced ration.





 





EFFECT OF BEANS ON QUALITY

OF BUTTER.





 





Do boiled beans have any effect

on the butter when fed to milking

cows? I am having trouble with my

butter. It seems good when fresh

Churned but soon becomes rank,

strong and totally unfit to use.



Sanilac Co. W



Too heavy a feed of bean meal or

boiled beans makes a hard, tallowy

butter. This must always be borne

in mind when you want to feed cull

beans. You can’t feed too much of

them or you will injure the quality

of the butter. But so far as

the taste and the keeping quality of

the butter is concerned, I do not

think it makes any difference. I nev-

er heard of it at least. If the butter

gets strong quickly _the probability

is that you dont get all of the but-

termilk out. This is usually what

makes rank and strong butter. The

butter should be washed thoroughly

when in small granules to get all the

buttermilk out.





IS THE RATION O. K.?





v





_ I would like to know if I am feed

ing my cows so as to get the best

results. I now feed two feeds of bean

pods and one of corn fodder a day

and am feeding ground corn and oats

and cottonseed meal for grain.

Lapeer Co. C. A. H.





This ration is fairly well balanced.

It contains in the roughage, bean

pods, which are rich in protein, and

in the grain ration, cottonseed meal,

also rich in protein. Feed all the

bean pods the cows will eat up, and

about two pounds per day of cotton-

seed meal, and I should say the cows

would have a sufficient amount of

protein. It, however, Would be better

if you had some succulent food in the

ration. If you only had corn silage

or roots, or something that would fur-

nish succulency, the cows would do

'better.





 





INCREASES MILK FLOW.



Experiments made on goats in the

college of medicine at Cornell Univer-

sity may lead eventually to an in«

crease in the supply oftmilk. It is

stated that a goat has been made to

give milk of twice the quantity and

five times richer in cream, through

the injection of a recently discovered

serum under the skin or into a large

blood vessel of the animal. Whether

the same process will give equally

gratifying results when applied to

cows, has yet to be determined, but

the investigators are hopeful. The

serum is a preparation made from the

pituitary gland of live stock. It has

been found that injections have to be

made frequently in order to keep up

the increased production. It is but a

short time after the injection that the

increased yield is noted. . -





SERUM
APRIL4,1914. THE MICHIGAN FAR'MER ' 11—3953





CORN AND COWPEA SILAGE. SEEDING AN ORCHARD FOR A

cow PASTURE.





 





   

 





 





 





mini”mmnmnunmmiIIumIImImiiiiniumimuinuImuaumnmiumlumlmmnmnmlmnmmlnumnmmimnmlnlImiimlmunmlmnmnulmimnnlumnmnmmunmnnmmmnulnnll





«4





(r4





 





     





 





 

 





     

 





 





I would like information in regard

to filling silo with corn and cowpeas, I have an orchard in which the

also what part of each ShOUId be seeding did not catch very good and

used. as it is about all the pasture that I



Allegan 00- E- D' H' will have for two cows until after



This kind of silage, succotash sil- hay is cut, I have been thinking that

age, is made by mixing the corn plant I could drag it up a little with a





. spike-tooth drag and sow on more

Wlth cowpeas, soy beans or any 0f clover seed. Also what other of the





these plants which are rich in pro- quick growing grasses or legumes

tein. It improves the silage by mak- would you recommend sowing with

ing it richer in protein. The corn clover and which kind of clover would

plant is deficient in protein. You can {£31k 3583,15?) eaifgwgfil? b 31:35 viii) Syd):

get along “nth a less concentrated cessfully and at a profit in Tuscola

grain ration if you have succotash county?

ensilage than if you do not. If you Tuscola Co. R. P. B.

have silage of the corn plant alone, This new seeding can probably be

you have got tO use cottonseed meal, narrowed over with a sharp spike-

or something of that sort that is rich tooth drag and some more grass seed

in protein, to make a balanced ration. sown, to thicken the, present stand.

0n the other hand, if YOU mix 00““ But neither red clover or alfalfa or

peas 01‘ SOY beans With the corn when any other grass is so slow in getting

*w you fill the SilO. say about one load a start that this pasture will not

of the cowpeas to two loads of corn, amount to much before haying this

you Will have a succotash ensilage year. All the good grasses are rather

which Will [allow you to do away slow in getting .a start. I think you

with such feeds as cottonseed meal will get as much pasture out of it by

and oil meal to a great extent. not disturbing it as you would to

One can get along nicely With 8110- barrow it over, because the harrow-

cotash silage and ClOVeI‘ hay if be ing is sure to kill some of the pres

feeds ground corn and oats. Corn ent stand of grass,

meal alone will make a very good ra- On the other hand, you could work

tion, or he can certainly get‘along this land up, plow it or disk it up

with corn and oats and a very little thoroughly, and make a good seed

cottonseed or Oil meal. Corn and bed and then seed it to oats and Can-

wheat bran will also make a good ada peas with clover, timothy, and

combination‘ perhaps some other grasses, and get

The QUBStiOIl is, Will it'pay? You much more pasture during the early

can’t raise as many tons of silage to part of the season that you could

the acre from cowpeas 01‘ SOY beans with the grasses alone. I don’t know

35 you can from corn. Would it pay of anything that will furnish more

better to plant this ground t0 00m feed for early pasture in the spring

and raise more tons to the acre and than oats and peas. You may not

' buy some of the concentrated foods succeed in getting a good stand of the

to balance the ration? The farmer clover with the oats and peas when

will have to figure this out for him- they are pastured, but it would not

self. It is some little bother to raise cost very much to put in the seed,

the cowpeas and soy beans on afield and if the season was favorable and

by themselves and harvest them and you did’nt have tO pasture it too close

put them into.the $110 at the same you might get pasture until after your

time the .00“? ls ready a.“ get them haying was over with and you could

l :quhny. distributed. It. Will take some pasture the meadows, which, by the

“\tia time, and time is money. way, is not a good practice, and then





FOURTEEN POUNDS OF GRAIN get a permanent seeding. Then, if

FOR THIRTY POUNDS MILK. you didn't succred in setting a good



- seeding after the oats and peas were



l Am I feeding correctly or not to gone, or along in July 01‘ August. this

COWS giving 30 lbs. 0t nlllk a day could be again disked and worked up





1 that freshened early last fall? I am ‘_

giving 40 lbs. of good corn silage: 18 to get a good seed bed and then'r:

lbs. of good, bright bean pods: 10 lbs. seeded to clover and tnnothi Wit





0f (‘OI‘D stover, llOt Very good; 12 some alfalfa. I would also put in tall ,





"mlImmullllllIIIllmllllmmlllllllllh





 





 

 





{nave-web’s» w» . . '





 





As Sturdy \As Old Hickory





HIS is the story of an automobile slogan that’s

nine years Old and still true.





Ilmnnmmmuullumnu;vIInmnIIIIuIIIIIII"mumullnuII'IImIIIImnnmnnnnulliIIn"IlumiIImlllluIIIIlnmllmlllllllul





Away back in 1905—which really. is Haway back”



- in automobile development—the Jackson was as sturdy

.as the Jackson, or any other high-grade car, is today.

It had a. twoscylinder motor that was a wonder for power.

Wherever the car was put in service it conquered the hills

and laughed at the roads. It went everywhere it was asked to go.





So the Jackson Company said: “N 0 bill too steep, no sand

too deep.” That was the truth then and it’s the truth now. '

The Jackson has power to spare.





The beautiful lines Of the Jackson Car, its vibrationless

motor, its big roomy bodies and deep cushions—plus its known

sturdiness proved by years of service—make it the choice of

many critical purchasers.





numnuunum llllllumllllflllllllllllulllllumunuIImluummulml“nullInuuumnIiIIImmlIIzI|ImlIliumllIIuIIImunmnmluInIllmmmIllllllllllllllllllullllllllllllmllllllmlllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllmullllllmlIllIlllllllIIllllllllllllllllIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllll





Three Splendid Models

Offer Wide Choice





“OLYMPIC FORTY"—ll:'x inc-h wheel-

base, ll) h. 1)., electric cranking and

lighting. complete equDIllent—$l§185.





“MAJESTIC"—-l'_’~1 inch wheelbase. 45

h. p., electric cranking and lighting

complete equipment—$12485».





“SULTANIC SUV—132 Incl) wheel-

”No hi" too steep base, 35 h. 1)., electric cranking and



" lighting, complete equipinent—t‘flbo.

N a sand too deep Seven passenger model, 13?: inch wheel-

base—$2300.





 

   

   

   

   





 





 

 

   

   

 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

   

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





Write today for Catalogue.

JACKSON AUTOMOBILE 60., 1508 Main St., Jackson. Mich.





JACKSON AUTOMOBILE CO., ’ l

978 Woodward Ave.. Detroit, Mich! /





 





lIIIlllllllllllllllullflllllflll nmmmlmummmuimmmmmwmunn





 





"IIIHIIIII ml|I!"lIIIllIllIlIIIlllIIIMIIHHIllIIll"llIllllIIIllIIllllullllnllllllfllllllllllIll|llIllIllIIIllllllullllfllllllllIIllIllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllll'l'llllllllullllllllm'

-— -——————.—~~——-——— - “ " ' ' "“ ‘_ '-\





 





[EM]"llIINIIIIIHIIIIHIIIII





 





70'





 





 





 





 





 





Feed Ensilage This Summer

When Pastures Get Low





To secure the maximum results, stock should be fed

green feed all the year round. Its succulence produces

rapid growth and a heavy flow of milk. No other





 





 

 





 

   





 

 

 





 





11118.01? corn and 0%b-dillhhllb~twoé meadow fescue and meadow oat grass I” feed equals ensilage in succulence. Itis as valuable

t lids, and oats one-t 11 , .. s. O. and some orchard grass . l... and economical to feed in summer as in winter. It

cottonseed meal. We also have 011 -, ' I II pays. then. to fill a. silo for summer feeding. You

meal which is the same price as cot- ——'~————-——- I'l- gégrkfggngzssflgged2110311113244“ Dalftffble ail-thee;

' ‘ Y 1 was cu, you ave

t'ohihigiii CO L W A SUBSTITUTE FOR OATS IN THE lllll N l . ll '31 S1

The different foods comprising this DAIRY RATION' fill atco mperls a e lo ‘

ration are very good indeed. There 0 l f t _ tt‘ng low “I B m f (Patentedl)

- ' , . . . - ur supp y 0 0a S IS ge l u o non-porous vitrified—c ay hollow blocks: its

IS nothing bk tlel than (0111 Sllage, and therefore I would like to know “II...- II... glazedsurfaceexcludes air andmoisture.’1‘hetwodead

and good, bright bean pods go a long - ' II air spaces protect contents from heat and cold. Each

7 i What I (30qu subStltute for them.1n III...- IIII layerOiblocksisrelnforced by continuoussteelbands.

way to take the place of clover or al- the cows ration. 1 have been feeding IIIIIII III] w th P f D P f V .

falfa hay. Corn stover will act as a for grain, 1 lb. wheat bran, 6 lbs. of I III IIIIIII . ea er roo —- ecay roo _. ermm

filler and makes a very good feed ground. oats and 2 lbs. of cottonseed "I I'll“ Pivot—Fireproof

( , . ' meal to COWS giving about 35 lbs. III... III The Natco Imperishable Silo willlast for genera-

also. The grain ratlon of (-0111 and . ' f ‘ , "‘h , tions—any mason can erect it—never needs

. ‘ -. lilllk per day and 01 1mg age corn lll I'll. III painting—walls will not warp or shrink—no

cob meal, two-thirds, and Oiie~tliiid Silage and oat straw morning and I'll IIIIIII l hoops to tighten—no continual repair

oats and then two pounds Of cotton- night, and bean straw at noon. I won- l I'll-Ill.” 2:33:35 fi'l‘hecglsdtizso Pfgcgicflly tile

. . . . . - , . - . '. ens a 8

seed meal per day is certainly a very dol If I could use gluten feed In place LIIIIIIII I.“ ' l; Silo has a survival value unequalled.





 





FREE 8110 BOOK. Full of information about

cnsllage and summer feeding. Describes com-

pletely the Natco lmp'crishable Silo. Write

today. Ask for catalog ‘ "'





National Fire Proofing Company

Lansing. Mich.





 





. . . _ . , Of oats, or would it be preferable to l I, '35s,» .5 .



liberal feeding of grain and a very buy more oats? Figuring on the prO- lylm'WW”



well balanced ratIOIl indeed. In fact, tein, it would cost half as much in .1.“ l1 . (“obsv'l'w



lam of the Opinion that you are feed- the gluten feed as in the cats, but / > A ‘ In" III

jng more grain than you can afford. WOUld there be enough bulk to feed fl/‘k _ “I‘\ .

7’





s . a _ , . gluten and cottonseed together?

.SuppOSing these cows gave. the per ’“ Huron CO. H. S.





cent milk they Would only give one





In o\\

a... ‘6‘"

A





 





In this ration it will not be at all





33d :1);le igunpdosuggSbug'eifjgka (:33; difficult to get along without the 9 5

therefore according to the Danish ground oats If you do not desire to ND



’ feed them The bean pods in the A

rule, you could not afford to feed ov- ' . _ _ . UPWARD

er 10 pounds of grain per day to roughage part Of the ration are fairly ONTRlAl.





 





 





It Pays to Feed

DriedBeetPulp





Increase production at a lower cost.

Better try it, you can‘t lose. Write





T. F. Marston, Bay City, 12.8., Mich,





WERSWEEP MILLS.





. . D551? rent from all others. or 2 11

‘~.,'.’__-’/ ‘ (8 [Id Corn wlth chuck. «find all 2:131:71 (

\ .. .. grams. (Also make 10 sizes of belt mills)

“II—Booklet on “Food. and Home"

D.N.P.Bcvnllor c... South Bend. Ind.





these cows And vet they are get- rich in protein, and feeding wheat

ting 14 pounds of graiii This is cer- bran and cottonseed meal in the con-





tainly an expensive ration and a very centrated part of the ration I think AMERICAN

heavy one. It is a marvel that these you have enough protein so that you

could substitute for your oats corn





CREAM

cows eat all Of the ration of 40 lbs.

Of corn silage, 18 pounds of bean meal or corn and cob meal and prob. SEPARATOB

pods, 10 pounds Of corn stover, and ably get ”St as good results as you nsoun rnnvnsmou to send an,





. , ' ' guaranteed. , 11 d ,

.14 pounds of grain. I think the cot- are getting now Wlth the ground oats. running.péhzévgkgmiflasfwiiii





' l 15.95. Sk' 1d

tonseed meal would be more econom- 01‘ 37011 0011M 'dO away With the cats £59,th hfidaiigmfiéh.

ical to use than Oil. meal, because and corn entirely.and feed.a little $25.2?“5am‘m’ "M'eas‘ly

you can get a pound of digestible more wheat bran 111 connection With ”Mulch on Approval.





protein cheaper in that than you can the cottonseed meal. Or you can do Dgiigttir‘gguihiz glotiiit-écvtvhlgli

in the Oil meal. As long as you have as you suggest, feed a little gluten illustrates our large capacity , ~

machines. Wooten "until-ohm

corn silage as the succulent food I feed. If I purchased gluten feed I gig-mi: 15"2“ 553$;de

- l' 01‘

would not object to feeding two think I would do away With the bran mh'isomefiemmog. Mina:





 





 





=0





     





 





500 SCHOOL BOYS;Y.2“B§%2.¥°I$:£

Milk Pall Holder. Good profits. Write

BADGER SPECIALTY MFG. 00.. Two Rivers, Wino.





 





 





f OSITION WANTED; towork on up-to-dnte form for sallry

and percent.: F‘nll capable. gen“. married, no children.

N. V.‘ B. G. FULLER, lymOut , ichlznn, Box In.





 





 





 





pounds or cottonseed meal per day. and cottonseed meal entirely. AMERICAN SEPARATOR mamgtlog’g:
396- -12





The Michigan Farmer

Established 1843.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





39 to 45 Comm Egogefimtmit. Michigan.





NEW Your: Ounce—41 Park Row

OmCAeo Ounce—604 Advertising Building.

CLEVELAND mince—1011- 1015 Oregon Ave" N.





 





 





 





 





. J. LAWRENCE. ............................ President

M. L. LAWRENCE.... .... .....Vice-Preeident

E. n. Houen'ron .......................... Beo.-Treas.



R. WATERBUBL.



BUR'I wnauurn" Associate

A. WI IuLKEN . Editors.



ALTA LAWSON 'Li'r'r'riLL .................



E. H. HOUGETON .................. Business Msn‘sgsr





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





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Canadian subscriptions 500 a your extra for postage

Always send money by draft. postoffioe money order

registered letter or by express. We will not be re

sponsible for money sent in letters. Address all oom

munications to. and make all drafts checks and post

office orders payable to. the Lawrence Publishing 00





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN

FARMER immediatly upon expiration of time sub-

scribed for. and we will pay a ll expenses for defending

any suit, brought ains any subscriber to The Mich



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providing due notice is sent to us. before suit is started.





 





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING,



40 cents per line agate type measurement. or $5. 60

per inch (4 agate lines or inch) each insertion No

adv' t inserted for less 1; an :1 per insertion. No

objectionable advertisements inserted at any rice.



Entered as second class matter at the etroit.

Michigan, postoffice. Copyright 1914.





DETROIT, APRIL 4, 1914.





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





The matter of the



The Agricultural availability .of the



College. funds provided for



the support of the



Michigan Agricultural College is now



before the Supreme Court of the state



for adjudication and Michigan Farm-



er readers will be interested in the



series of events which led up to the



present difiiculty confronting the col-



lege authorities. Briefly stated, the

facts are as follows:



The Michigan Agricultural College,

in common with other land grant col-

leges, is supported in part by the fed-

eral government, federal aid being

granted and accepted under certain

specific conditions hereinafter stated.





State aid for the support of the Col-

lege was granted in the form of spe-

cial appropriations for specific pur-

poses until 1901, when an act was

passed providing for an annual appro-

priation of one-tenth of a mill on each

dollar of the equalized valuation of

the property of the state. In the in-

tervening years this income, in addi-

tion to the federal funds, has proven

adequate for the conduct of the Col-

lege and the construction of needed

buildings. But the rapid growth of

the student body, due to the recent

agricultural awakening, and the in-

creasing demand for extension work,

made an increase in resources neces-

sary if the College was to continue to

meet the demands made upon it. Last

year the State Board of Agriculture

appealed to the Legislature for ad-

ditional aid, and, acting upon the ad-

vice of the members of the commit-

tees of the two houses of the Legis-

lature before whom the bill would

come for consideration, a bill was in‘

troduced to increase the mill tax to

one—fifth of a mill. Later the amount

of the proposed tax was reduced to

one-sixth of a mill and the bill was

passed by the Senate. It was at once

approved by the Agricultural College

Committee of the House and was re-

ferred to the Ways and Means Com-

mittee, when the active opposition of

influential members of that commit-

tee was developed. When the State

Board secured a hearing before this

committee, toward the close of the ses-

sion, they learned for the first time

that a bill had been introduced and

referred to this committee providing

for a special appropriation for a

building and were informed that the

hearing would be confined to that bill

as the mill, tax bill would not be con-

sidered. The alleged reason for this

action was that the work of the En-





 





THE “MICHIGAN” FARMER





gineering Division of the College was





a duplication of work done at the

University. So strong, however, was

the showing made by the representa-

tives of the state’s agricultural and a1.

lied interests, who appeared before the

committee in response to the request

of the State Board, that the commit-

tee finally reported out the mill tax

bill, but with a clause providing that

“No part of this or any other appro-

priation shall be available in case a

sum in excess of $35,000, from any

and all sources, shall be expended in

any one fiscal year for the mainte-

nance of the Mechanical and Engi-

neering Department.” Upon the ap-

peal of the committee the bill was

passed in this form by the House.

The Senate refused to concur in the

amendment and a conference com«

mittee was appointed, a majority of

whom were opposed to the restriction,

but as the session was nearing its

closing hours the bill was finally pass-

ed in this form.



To give the reader a clear under-

standing of the present situation a

brief review of other legislation is

necessary. In order to extend aid to

the land grant colleges, of which M.

A. C. was the first to be established,

Congress, in 1862, granted to the Sev-

eral states public lands to be sold

and the income therefrom to be in-

vested by the state for the endow~

ment of a college “where the leading

object shall be, without excluding

other scientific and classical studies,

and including military tactics, to

teach such branches of learning as

are related to agriculture and the me-

chanic arts.” This grant of 200,000

acres of land was accepted by the

state under the conditions named,

and a fund of over $1,000,000 was

realized from which the College gets

an income of a. little more than $70,-

000 per year. In 1890 Congress passed

another act to provide for “The more

complete endowment and support of

the colleges for the benefit of agricul-

ture and mechanic arts, etc.” by the

terms of which $25,000 per annum

was devoted to the support of all land

grant colleges. Again in 1907 Con-

gress appropriated another $25,000

per annum for the same purpose un-

der the same conditions, both of

which grants were accepted by the

state under the conditions named. In

View of these grants the federal gov-

ernment has insisted upon a fair di-

vision of this $120,000 per annum be-

tween the departments named.





In addition to this fact, Section 2

of the mill tax law, which was not

amended by the last Legislature, pro-

vides that all of these departments

be supported as then existing, with

the penalty attached that if this is

not done the appropriation shall not

be available.



. Confronted by this situation the

State Board of Agriculture, upon the

advice of reputable

early in the present fiscal year, made

a declaration of its intentions under

the law in which it was set forth that

the Engineering Department could not

be conducted as required by both

state and federal acts, on $35,000 per

year, but that it would continue to so

conduct it, using only $35,000 of state

funds for the purpose and taking the

balance from federal funds. Under

the wording of the act, however, the

Auditor General was compelled to

construe the limitation to apply to

federal as well as state funds, and

further requisitions have been refus-

ed, although less than half of $35,-

000 of state funds has been devoted

to the conduct of the engineering de-

partment. The State Board has ap-

plied to the Supreme Court for a writ

of mandamus to compel the payment

of these funds and arguments will be

heard by the court at an early date.



The aboveis a brief statement of

fact regarding the situation in which

the College is placed. A discussion





legal counsel, .





of the political phases of the dilemma

or [its possible effect upon the insti-

tution will be held in abeyance until

the court of last resort has rendered

a. constitutional interpretation of the

conflicting statute under which the

state tax for the support of‘the Col-

lege was levied and collected and by

authority of which even the federal

funds are withheld by the Auditor

General.

In another col-

The Cost of Market umn of this issue

Milk. will be found a

discussion of this

important subject under the head, “A

Critical Study of the City Milk Sup-

ply," in which the writer has figured

out the cost of market milk from

what seemed to him to be a reason-

able hypothesis and has reached the

conclusion that the farmer producing

a good grade of market milk should

receive a price for it approximating

five cents per quart in order to be

well paid for his labor, to cover the

interest on his investment and make

a reasonable profit. At first thought

it will doubtless appear to the reader,

especially af he is engaged in the

business of producing market milk at

a much less price, that this estimate

is altogether too high, yet if he has

never made a careful estimate of the

cost of his own product, figuring in-

terest on his investment, reasonable

pay for his labor and a verymodest

profit, his conclusion will be quite as

theoretical and probably far less an-

alytical than that of the well known

author of the article in question.





In fact, few farmers, know, even a'p- tlon





proximately, what it costs to produce

market milk, and there seems to be

little experimental data and almost

no authentic statistics bearing on the

subject. This would unquestionably

be a profitable line of investigation

for the association of dairymen who

contribute to the Detroit milk sup-

ply. If the members of this organi-

zation knew the average cost of the

production of market milk under con'

ditions such as are demanded by the





.city authorities they would be in a





far better position to take up the

matter of price adjustment with the

distributers of their product. This

would be an exceedingly practical line

of work for such an organization to

undertake and one which would, we

believe, prove exceedingly profitable

to its members. This would be true

in more ways than one, since such an

investigation would, no doubt, reveal

a wide variation in the cost of mar-

ket milk and a further study of the

situation would then enable many of

the dairymen affiliated with the or‘

ganization to reduce the cost of their

product while the resulting knowl-

edge of average costs would tend to

bring about a more equitable distri-

bution of the consumer’s dollar which

is invested in this product.

Incidentally we know of one dairy

farm on which the results quite close-

ly approximate Dr. Robison’s conclu-

sions regarding the cost of market

milk. This farm, which lies adjacent

to one of Michigan’s smaller manu-

facturing cities, is, together with its

equipment, including stock, reason-

ably capitalized by the owner at $20,-

000. The tenant’s time and labor is

considered of equal productive value

as compared with this investment

and owner and tenant share equally

the net proceeds of the business, each

having a drawing account of $20 per

week. The milk is bottled on the

farm and sold to a distributer in the

near-by city at 20 cents per gallon, or

five cents per quart. The farm has

been operated in this way for anum-

ber of years. during which time a

small surplus 'or profit has accumu-

lated after the payment of the week-

ly checks which in the one case rep-

resent only a fair rate of interest on

the investment and in the other case

but reasonably good pay for 'the in-





ABRIL 4, 19:14.;





telligent management of a dairy farm.

Surely the farmer is entitled to both

of these items, if not to the small

profit above the labor and interest

charge which has accumulated on

this productive and well managed

farm. It would at least be interest-

ing and well worth while for every

dairymen to know what his product of

market milk is costing him, including

his labor and interest on his invest-

ment and now is a good time to begin

to find out, preferably in an organized

way, but by individual study of the

problem if this is not possible.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





National.



The battleship Texas is now in the

New York navy yard in Brooklyn,

where the boat will be finished and

made ready for service.



It appears that the administration





bill now before Congress for the re-.





peal of the Panama Canal toll meas-

ure will likely pass that branch of

the Federal Legislature. ,In a ballot

taken last week on restricting the

time for debate on the question, the

vote stood 207-176.



Toledo is having a fight with the

street railway company of that city

for lower rates. Recently the com-

mon council passed an ordinance pro-

viding for three-cent fares on the

electric cars of the city. The com-

pany is strenuously opposing the ar-

rangement and riots are anticipated.



A petition for executive clemency

for the four gunmen under sentence

to be executed Easter week for the

murder of Herman Rosenthal in New

York, will be handed to Gov. Glynn of

that state, Monday. The granting of

a new trial to Lieut. Becker has

made it seem just to stay the execu-





Although weather conditions were





not as favorable as they might have





been, the campaign in Detroit and

nearby places for a large church at-

tendance .on March 29, resulted in a

general increase in the congregations

Sunday morning. Many churches were

so crowded that all who came could

not be accommodated.



After April 1 the Pere Marquette

Railroad will be managed under the

direction of four superintendents in-

stead of six. The divisions have also

been changed. It is expected that the

new arrangement will reduce operat-

ing expenses.



An effortby the better element of

Alton, 111., to gain information regard-

ing the underworld of that place and

its connection with the liquor traffic,

has brought on a reign of terror. Sun-

day the $80,000 Y. M. C. A. building

was nearly destroyed by fire, believed

to have been of incendiary origin.

Leaders in the movement to improve

civic conditions have also received

threatening letters. Church property

is being watched closely by agents of

the church boards.



The exports of merchandise from

the port of New York for the week

ending March 21 amounted to $21,-

673,900, against $20,945,607 the pre

vious week, and $14,960,442 in the cor-

responding period of 1913. Since Jan-

uary 1 the total exports of merchans

dise aggregate $243, 667, 426, against

$235, 200, 829 in the corresponding pe-

riod of last year.



Foreign.



A large section of a mountain be-

tween Brive and Lanteuil, France,

has become detached by seismic dis-

turbances and is slowly sliding down

into the valley. Several farms and

cottages have already been wiped out,

and the inhabitants are moving to

safe territory.



The latest information from Mex-

ico states that Torreon has practical-

ly fallen into the hands of the rebels

under Gen. Villa, although there were

three forts still held by Huerta’s

troops. At first the rebels had been

repulsed but after reorganization they

succeeded in capturing the strong de-

fenses of the city. Gen. Carranza ar-

rived in Juarez on March 29, and de-

clared that with the fall of Torreon,

northern Mexico was now under the

control of the Constitutionalists, and

that the capitol would be established

at Chihuahua immediately.



There appears to be a lull in the

political crisis that confronted Great

Britain last week. It is not impossi-

ble that an election will be necessary

before the Home Rule program as

outlined by the government will be

carried out. In the event that an

election he called, present indications

are that the issue will be the “army

vs. the people.” Investigation into

the recent resignations from the army

will be taken up in the House of Coms

mons this week. .
#4





 





 





,m $+gm~- , ‘.





 





 





 





 





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





’ Magazne Section





 





77m FARM BOY

an? GIRL



SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





'l‘his Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





Some Interesting Facts Concerning Radium.





F someone were to give you a yel-

low piece of ore a little deeper

shade than sulphur and were to

tell you it was carnotite, you would

be holding in your hand an infinites-

mal amount of the element, radium.

’ The scientific world had known that





' carnotite was peculiar in many ways,





for it had been determined that this

ore contained rare metals, uranium

and vanadium. Uranium is used for

fine china painting and for the deli-

cate tinting of cathedral glass. Ham-

burg, in the German Empire, is the

great center of the rare metal indus-





.ufacture.





By JAMES N.





sole users of vanadium in steel man

Now the Pittsburgh Reduc-

tion Company are the great manufac-

turers of vanadium steel alloys.

Along the western line of Colorado

and over into Utah are deposits of

carnotite ore scattered over the rough

and broken country along the D01-

ores, San Miguel and Grand rivers.

Charles Paulot, a. French chemist,

was the first to give this section of

the World a place on the map. Pau-

lot had been a student under Carnot,





 





Temporary Mining Camp.

try. The Metallurgical College at

Freiburg is the school from which so

many engineers in Europe have been

trained and gone all over the world.

and it is here that the rare metals

are best known. I have sometimes

thought that the theological schools

should have a course in metallurgy,

particularly the rare earths and met-

als, for few things are more useful in

understanding infinite wisdom and

creative power than these.



The delicate uranium colors given

to cathedral glass are wonderful but

more so, and of greater utility, is the

tensile strength and resiliency that

the other elements of carnotite, vana-

dium, contains. One per cent. of va-

nadio oxide added to steel has made

it possible to make the lighter

weights and spongy conditions de-

manded by automobile manufactur-

ers. Vanadium steel is used for ar-

mor plate on war vessels. \Vhen a

projectile strikes the vanadium steel

it is resistant, resilient and non-frac-

turing, as the navy experts describe

it. For many years the great Krupp

works at Essen, in Germany, were the





 





Mill for Treating Carnotite Ore.





Chas. Poulot Shown at Right.





a French chemist, and brother of the

then French President, and gave this

newly found ore the name of Carno-

tite. On Roc Creek, on the north side

of the Paradox valley. an old pros-

pector named Hamilton had been

prospecting for copper and struck a

deposit of this yellow ore in the tip-

ped up strata where nature had suf-

fered some remarkable convulsions.

Some people called it sulphur, only it

wouldn’t burn, others called it chrome,

and it was the puzzle of local people.

A sample fell into the hands of Pau-

lot at Denver, who recognized it, as of

somewhat similar ore to that found in

Autria near Joachmithal. Tradition

has it that Paulot bought several tons

of this ore as chrome at a ridicu—

lously low price, and sold it for $1.50

per pound in Germany. Soon other

deposits of carnotite were found and

a mill erected for treating the low

grade ores at a place called Snyder's

on the Dolores.



There is a dark colored rock re-

sembling furnace slag found near the

surface which is sought for as an in-

dication of carnotite ore. When this

is found, the miner puts in a few

shots of dynamite and probably un-

covers a pocket or an ore impregnat-

ed body of sandstone which be pro-

ceeds to mine. Few mines produce

over 25 tons of material, i. e., sand-

impregnated rock, and then a new

deposit must be found. I only knew

of a few deposits that exceeded 100

tons.



The miner must work out in the

open by stripping off a few feet of

the top rock and in summer the sun

beats down most pitilessly. In win-





McBRIDE.





ter the bleak wind—swept cliffs are

unendurable and the trails impassible.

Carnotite mining is despised by most

miners. and worked at largely by

those who want to, make a small

stake to continue prospecting.



“Grizzly” Jack Streeter came into

camp much elated over “striking it

rich” on Roc Creek. and got supplies

enough to last him a week to develop

his find. In a few days Jack came

back saying that he dug out all the

ore there was in a few hours, and

that the carnotite ore was too low

grade to pack in.



At Snyder’s on the Dolores river

there was a mill for treating carno-

tite ore. A ball mill ground the ore

and then it was placed in large tanks

and diluted sulphuric acid used to

leach out the uraniuni-vanadium con-

tent. The solution was neutralized

with soda and the solid portions fall

to the bottom of the precipitation

tank. and when filtered and dried in

the hot sun was ready for shipment.

A carload of this precipitate shipped

to Germany and analyzed by Ledoux

& (70.. contained 15 per cent uranium

oxide and 19 per cent vanadium ox-

ide, and was worth about $500 per

ton. If these concentrates had been

treated for radium the world’s supply

would have been increased several

grams. How little the world knows

of what lies hidden and appears com-

monplace, for in this (:arload was the

element that might have been the

curative agent of many cancer suf-

ferers.



Longr before Prof. Currie and his

wife isolated radium from uranium,

Colorado prospectors knew of the ra‘

dio activity of these ores. A piece of

ore placed on a sensitive photographic

paper and completely excluding light





 





 





 





 





“Mexican Joe" Sells a Uranium. .-

Claim for $2,500.



who looked at the little post holes in



the sand rock where the ore had been



removed and the waste rock piled up



around it, and later came upon a min-





streening grains

than kernels of





er with a meal sieve

of ore not larger

wheat. The engineer remarked that

that was not mining. Of all the pros-

pects staked and recorded I never

knew of one claim that was regarded

of sufficient importance to warrant

securing a. patent.



The element radium to the claim

owner is negligible. it is so infinites-

imal and remote 01 treatment that

no one can say how much it adds to

the value of a ton of ore. Originally

the uranium was all that was paid

for and the vanadium might as well

have been so much sand. Later a

use was developed for this, and now





 





3

i





 





 





by repeated coverings, would imprint

the exact form of the piece of ore in

every detail.



Perhaps no other form of ore pros-

pecting has been so uniformly disap-

pointing as has’the search for urani‘

um and vanadium-bearing ores. The

country is most rugged, hot in sum-

mer and cold in winter, and remote

from water and railroads. I remem-

ber the disgust of a mining engineer





Where Carnotite Ore is Gathered Under Trying Conditions.





comes the world-wide demand for the

great curative radium. ,



The first commercial preparation of

radium was prepared by the Central

Society of Chemical Products in Paris

under the direction of Debierne and

at that time the price was $80 per

milligram of radium bromide.



Radio activity is atomic disintegra-

tion, and the emenations of the gas

helium supports this theory. ‘Under





 





_>:-.n._ ,





'x
0115





, IIIIthI IIIIIInIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII“II“ /IeesIIII

II ”“IhIIIIIIaIIIIIHI IIeI IIIIIIIIIIIIIII





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'THE MICHIGAN FALR'ME'R





certain conditions radium leminations





, will discolor rock crystals and dia-





monds- Organic substances are af‘

fected by radium—paper becomes

singed, celluloid brittle, and green





leaves turn yellow. Radium will dis-

solve the chemical combination of

water into oxygen and hydrogen and

other conditions will combine these

elements into water.



Here seems to be the primal elec-

tro solvent that thrills and aWes us

with its wonders. Dr. Lebon fanci-

fully illustrates its power by saying

that a piece of radium the size of a

marble had the energy inherent or

contained that would propel a. train

of cars along a track four and one«

half times the circumference of the

earth. Dr. Sanberman, of Berlin, says

that radium eminations promote the

growth of healthy cells and their mul‘

tiplication, while morbid cells decay,

that it stimulates the activity of the

digestive tract, increases the excre-

tion of uric acid, thins the blood,

lowers blood pressre, soothes the

nerves, and much more, which sounds

too good to be true. When one gets

into the realms of life’s processes and

organic chemistry exposition reads

more like a medical journal than a

popular description.



For cancer radium seems to hold

out positive hope. Already there has

been established at Baltimore an in-

stitute where it is planned to treat

patients suffering from this affliction.

Other institutions are also taking up





the matter and but for the expensive

methods _of, obtaining the” rare ele«

ment, it would not be long before the

treatment would be available to the

majority of our people.



The committee for an international

radium standard has given the name

Curie to the measure of radium in

honor of Prof. and Mme. Curie, who

first isolated radium from uranium.

Thus we have one millicurie, one mi.

crocurie, etc.



The energies of so many men work-

ing for a common end, and also per-

sonal gain, starts with the prospector

and the miner and his faithful bur-

ros, toiling under the burning sun on

the cliffs to pack down a few sacks

of the yellowish sand—carnetite ore.

If we were to have a moving picture

the final reels would show the artist

using uranium for china. painting and

cathedral glass; a powerful dread-

naught with its vanadium armor plate

resisting the projectiles of a hostile

force, or the swift automobile with

its spindle-like axles made of vanadi-

um steel, going on a. mission of

mercy or pleasure; and the closing

picture would be the trained physi-

cian applying the radium eminations

to the heretofore hopeless cancer pa-

tient, and like the miracles of old,

the latter going forth cured by the

scientific touch if not by that of the

divine.



“Behold what manner of love the

Father has bestowed upon us, that

we should be called the Sons of God.”





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The Discoverer of Pike’s Peak.





By WILLIAM





ROBABLY few of the thousands

of tourists who, every summer,

gaze with rapture at the lofty

summit of Pike’s Peak know anything

of the life of the man whose fortitude

and endurance brought him to the

base of the snow-capped mountain a





 





little more than a century ago. The

“great peak,” Zebulon Pike called it.

His feet never rested on its summit,

but the great mountain will always

bear the name of the daring young

American who discovered it, getting

his first view of the mountain from a

point near the present Colorado-Kan-

sas state line, while proceeding up

the Arkansas river.



Zebulon Montgomery Pike was born

at Trenton, N. J., January 5, 1779. His

father had served With distinction as

an officer in the navy during the Rev-

olution. Young Pike was exceedingly

well schooled for those times. He

was proficient in languages and math-

ematics and exceptionally well equip-

ped mentally for the army. He is

described, however, as being slight

physically and rather timid, but these

handicaps proved to be small barriers

standing in the way of his profes-

sional advancement.



The elder Pike having been ap-

pointed an officer in the army, he re-

moved with his family to Nebraska,

where young Pike was soon made a

cadet in his father’s company. By

hard study and close application to

duty, he received a lieutenant’s com-

mission when but twenty-two years

of age, and from that time until the

end of his life he was constantly

on duty and went through experi<

ences of the toughest character. Prob-

ably few officers have done and en.

dured so much at critical times for

their country. At twenty-seven he

was made a captain, at twenty—eight

a major, and when he was killed at

the assault on York, Canada, April

27, 1813, he was only thirty-five years

of age. At the‘time of his death the

United States Senate was about to

confirm his appointment and promo-

tion to brigadier generalship. Pike’s

deeds as a soldier stand high on the

official records at Washington, but

they find almost no place in the

minds of the American people. This





 





is largely due to the fact that few





F. PURDUE.





men who have risen to the rank of

brigadier general in the army of the

Ifnited States have left so meager an

account of their personal lives as did

}eneral Pike.



As an explorer, Pike was in the

field long before Fremont, and his

discoveries rank in importance with

those of Lewis and Clark. In 1805

and 1806 Lieut. Pike with a handful

of men made a tour of discovery and

exploration of the source of the Mis-

sissippi river, Lewis and Clark hav-

ing been sent at the same time to ex-

plore the Missouri to its source.

From April to July of 1806 Lieut.

Pike was preparing for his trip

through the territory of Louisiana

and the provinces of New Spain.



Pike’s discovery of the famous peak

which bears his name was but a min-

or part of a daring journey which ac-

complished much for the young na-

tion in its first stage of expansion.

The primary object of this expedi

tion, as set forth in Lieut. Pike’s or-

ders from the commander-in-chief of

the army, was to return certain Osage

captives, who had been released, to

their homes. After the Osages had

been delivered Pike’s orders were to

visit various Indian nations and es-

tablish friendly relations between

them and the government, and then

to return to the headwaters of the

Arkansas and Red rivers, returning to

the post of Natchitoches, Louisiana.



The hardships endured on the Mis-

sissippi trip sink into insignificancc

when compared with those encounter-

ed on this second expedition. The

heroic little band of explorers, al-

though sent on their mission by the

war department, was very poorly out-

fitted for such a trip, under the most

favorable conditions.



The party consisted of twenty-three

men. They left with their Osage

charges on July 16, 1806, starting

from St. Charles, Mo., and proceeding

west to the Osage village, which was

on the boundary line of What are to-

day Missouri and Kansas. From this

point they went north for miles be

yond what is now the northern bor-

der of Kansas, then they turned about

and proceeded south until the Kan-

sas-Oklahoma boundary line was

reached. They then traveled west in





APRIL. 4, 1914.





almost a straight line until the Kan-

sas-Colorado line was reached. Pike

must have caught his first glimpse of

the snow-capped peak which was to

receive his name, when fullyone hun-

dred and fifty miles away. He kept

a brief diary of each day’s happen-

ings, and this diary for November 15,

1806, contains the following entry:

“At two o’clock in the afternoon I

thought I could distinguish a, mount-

ain to our right, which appeared like

a small blue cloud.” This was Pike’s

Peak.



The journey from this time on was

one of great severity. His horses

died, but day after day Pike and his





little band of followers pushed for“.





ward, carrying their packs, and trust-

ing to a. scant supply of ammunition

for subsistence. The men often had

to go forty-eight hours without food.

In addition, they were very miserably

clothed for such a, region at that sea-

son of the year, when, in the vicinity

of the mountains, the temperature

was below zero most of the time.



But Pike was ambitious to conquer

that “blue cloud, although he wrote

in his diary for November 27, at

which time the peak appeared about

fifteen miles distant, that he believed

no human being could ascend to its

summit. The party skirted the base

of the grand mountain several times

in an endeavor to find a. place to as-

cend. No possible ladder could the

soldiers find to scale the peak, how.

ever, and after weeks of discourage-

ment, with winter'approaching, they

proceeded southwest. While crossing

disputed territory a few weeks later

the little band was captured by Span-

ish troops and marched to Santa Fe

to appear before the commanding offl«

cer. After many exchanges of courte-

sies the explorers were finally per-

mitted to proceed to Natchitoches,

where they arrived July 1, 1807.



Gen. Pike was killed April 27, 1813,

while leading a. command of 1,600

men in an attack on York, the capital

of Upper Canada. The assault was

successful, the garrison being driven

out, but the explosion of ab magazine

killed or wounded 21 large number of

the assailants, among whom was the

brave commander.



Colorado Springs, located on the

very ground traversed by Pike and

his men while seeking a pathway to

the summit of the mountain that to-

day overshadows a beautiful city, has

honored Pike’s memory by the erec-

tion of a handsome statute, which

was unveiled in August, 1901. On one

side of the statue is inscribed:



“A mountain to our right which ap-

peared like a small blue cloud.”—

Pike’s diary, Nov. 15, 1806.



And on another side of the statue

is the inscription:



“The desert shall rejoice and blos-

som like a rose.”





 





THE GWM E.





 





BY R. s. w.

Give me, Oh! Christ, the faith I need

To take my brother by the hand

And, with a heart devoid of greed

To love him as Thou didst com-

mand.





The beacon light of hope bestow

That I may shed, along life’s way,

Its radiance where e’r I go

To help some soul that’s

astray.





gone





And one thing more I would implore

Above all else, give Thou to me



Thy rarest, fairest flower in store,

The heaven born gift of Charity.





MAKE WAY FOR LIBERTY.





“Make way for l1berty ” they cried,

And through the Austrian phalanx





 





As rushed the spear through Arnold's

heart;



While instantaneous as his fall



Rout, ruin, panic scattered all.



An earthquake could not overthrow



A city with assurer blow.



Thus Switzerland again was free



Thus death made way for liberty.”





“Life is a leaf of paper white,



Whereon each one of us may write



His woirdhtor tWo, and then comes

Di g





 





m.





——.../- s.‘
APRIL 4, 1914.





 





THE .MJCHIGAN FARMER





 





 





Copying Heroines





By ALTA LAWSON LITTELL.





 





a Than kless Task.





 





’VE been such a perfectly lovely



child since New Year’s, mayn’t I



do anything I like this after-

noon?” begged Peggy Ryan of her

mother one bright Saturday morning.

"I’ve got my room all straightened up

and I’ll sit right down this minute

and do my mending.”



“I don’t know about ‘anything’ you

like,” smiled Mrs. Ryan. “Hadn’t we

better say anything reasonable you’d

like to do? Seems to me I remember

a young woman who had the whole

neighborhood out searching for her

once when she was doing what she’d

like and thought she would like to

explore the tamarack swamp alone.”



“Oh, that was ages ago, mother,”

said Peggy, blushing. “I was only

ten then, and I thought I’d like to

feel what it would be like to be lost.

I had just been reading Robinson

Crusoe. Just think how much one

learns in two years,” she concluded,

with all the wisdom of 12-year—olds.



“Two years does make a differ-

ence,” conceded Mrs.‘Ryan. “I think

we might try it if you will be per-

fectly sure to think twice before you

decide.”



“Better spend the afternoon prac-

tising being yourself instead of every

girl you read about,”-suggested Peg-

gy’s brother Jack, taking his head

out of “Scottish Chiefs” long enough

to give this thrust. “What book are

you reading now?”



“Don’t you worry about me, Jacky,”

Peggy replied. “I’m being myself all

the time now. That was one of my

New Year’s resolutions.” And Peg

danced out of the room to begin her

weekly mending.



Up in her room she worked busily,

pausing every once in a while to view

with pride the small, even stitches

which were so easy to make now, but

which had caused her so many tear-

ful moments when she was learning.



“My, how awful I used to think it

was when mother made me rip my

work all out and do it over again!”

she mused. “But I’m glad she did,

though, for that patch certainly is a

work of art,” and she eyed the neat-

ly mended garment with much satis-

faction. “I don’t believe even ‘Luel-

la’ could have done it better, if she

did go to sewing school and learn

how from the best teachers.” “Luel-

la” was the heroine of Peggy’s new

Christmas book. “It must be nice,

though,” thought Peggy, "to be so





clever and so much loved as she was.

She was always doing something for

I’ll bet she never asked her





others.





.take care of the baby so her mother





mother in all her life to let her do

just as she pleased. I suppose that

was selfish of me. But here, I said

I would be just plain Peg Ryan and

already I’m thinking about a book

girl.” She shook herself vigorously

and reached for a pair of stockings

which lay in her workbasket yawning

for help. “If I don’t watch out Jack

will have another chance to say ‘I

told you so.’ ”



The stockings claimed her undivid-

ed attention for several moments, but

at last they, too, were finished and

stowed away in her bureau drawer.



“I’ll have just time to read one

chapter before I set the table for din-

ner,” Peg decided, glancing at her

clock. “Let me see, where was I?

Oh, yes, she was just deciding wheth-

er to stay home from the party and





could sleep off a headache, or go and





 





 





L





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have a good time. Of course, she

stayed at home, they always do in;

books. Now if it had been me, I’m'





most sure I should have gone, and ad-‘

vised mother to take a headache pow-‘

der.” With which reflection Peggy;

forgot everything in the engrossing:

story of Miss Luella Fitzherbert’si

self-sacrifice and devotion to her

family. '



A half—hour later, in response to

her mother’s call, ngy’s body de—i

scended to the sordid world of the

Ryan kitchen. But her soul was fart

away in that wonderful realm, where‘t

dwelt the lovely, albeit unearthly,

Luella. Under the spell of the book

Peggy’s fingers misplaced knives and

forks, upset the salt, drew the cloth

askew and failed entirely to find cups

and saucers to put on the table.



She was still ruled by “Luella”

when the ’phone rang after dinner

and her favorite friend, Mary Hally,

asked her to come over that after-

noon and talk over plans for the can-

ning club which the girls were to or-

ganize. Peg was the leader in the

movement, but her present mood de-

manded sacrifice.



“I can’t come, Mary,” she decided.

“I’ve something really important to

do.”



Just what the important thing was,

Peggy had no idea. She only knew

it must be something which would be

disagreeable under ordinary circum-

stances. The most disagreeable thing

she could think of suddenly occurred

to her. It would be to spend the af-

ternoon with Granny Harbinger, a

cross old woman who lived a mile

away. Mrs. Harbinger had long since





 





 





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THE MICHIGAN F-A’RMER





ceased to neighbor with anybody, un-

less a sick animaldemanded attention

when she was willing enough to ask

anyone for help. '- Peg decided that it

was all the neighbors’ fault. They

quite failed to understand the poor

old soul, just as everyone failed to

'understand “Luella.” She would visit

her that very day and let her see that

one, at least, knew there was kind-

ness concealed beneath that rough

exterior.



Mrs. Harbinger opened her door a

crack in response to Peg's knock an

hour later, and peeped cautiously out.

“I don’t want nothing today,’ she

croaked. “I never buy of peddlers.

Go ’Way.”



“I’m not a peddler, Mrs. Harbin~

ger,” Peg replied in her sweetest

voice. “I’m Peggy Ryan. your neighu

her, come to spend the afternoon with

you.”



“I can’t be bothered with young ones

today,” snapped the old woman. “The

plaster’s just fallen off the ceiling."



“Oh, let me help you clean it up,"

urged Peg. “I just love to clean up

plaster. Or at least I think I would."

she added. suddenly remembering

that the plaster had never fallen off

their ceiling.



Mrs. Harbinger evidently saw a

chance of getting something for noth-

ing, for she opened the door gingerly

and admitted Peggy. Strips of paper

which had been inserted in the cracks

fell to the floor during the operation.

and Peggy had lime to glance around

while the old woman was carefully

replacing them. The room wasnt’ ex-

actly tidy and Peg’s certainty that

the neighbors were entirely to blame

wavered a bit. But she had come

determined to be a friend, and she

dismissed the suspicion as unworthy.



“Here ye be,” said Mrs. Harbinger,

leading the way into a large room

which would have been a living room

in Peg’s home, but was here a store

room filled with all sorts of nonde-

script articles of furniture and cloth-

ing. “You can take that basket and

shovel it up,” said the old woman.

“I got a sick lamb in the kitchen to

look after.”



She hobbled off, leaving Peggy

staring at the dirt in dismay. The

plaster had come off with a. ven-

geance. Only a,few bits were still

clinging to the ceiling and so far no

attempt had been made to clean it

up. Peg reflected that if this had hap-

pened at home her father and Jack

would have carried out the dirt. This

wasn’t at all according to her ideas.

She had come there to have a heart

to heart talk with an ill-used old lady

and here she was set to work to

shovel up dirt. For a moment she re-

belled. Then she decided that a kind

deed might be the way to the poor

woman’s heart, so she set to Work.

Her back and arms ached when at

last she had finished and the room

was clean enough to suit her.



“Well, you done a good job ’0 that.”

Mrs. Harbinger croaked, inspecting

the room when Peggy told her it was

finished. “You be a smart little girl,

after all.”



“Oh, I can do a great deal of work,”

Peggy replied, brightening under the

praise. “Mother says she never could

get along without me. You’ve never

been over to our house, so you see

you don’t know me.”



“No,” snapped the old woman. “I

don’t go anywheres. I’ve got all 1

can do to stay at home and do my

work without gadding and having

folks runnin’ here to eat me out of

house and home. Well, if you’re rest-

ed I’ve got another job for you,” she

added.





Peg was by no means rested, and-





she had not counted on another job.

She wanted a chance to talk, but Mrs.

Harbinger had other ideas. She was

already leading the way up the steep

stairs to the cold chamber above.

“My hired man is a fool,” she grum-

bled. “He Will take papers and read.

Why, that fellow takes one' paper





 





APRIL 4, 1914.





that costs him ten shillin ’a year,

and what he ever gets out of it is

more than I know. All I saw in the

one I looked into was just stories and

some pictures of a canal somewheres

or other. And he takes a farm paper,

loo, as though a farmer needs one,

and the county paper, and every time

he goes to town he spends two cents

for. the city paper. I’ve been savin’

’em all to sell to the rag man, but

he’ll only give me two cents a bun-

dred for ’em and he shan’t have ’em.

Now you carry ’em right down stairs

into the back yard and I’ll let you

have a coal out of the kitchen stove

to light ’em and have a bonfire.”



Peggy looked with dismay at the

papers slacked in the room. The hired

man certainly liked to read, she de-

cided. There must be as much as

ten cents worth of papers there, ac-

cording to the rag-man’s figures. And

ibis on top of all those baskets of

plaster was too much.‘ Besides, the

stairs were dark and steep, and Peg

had a vision of herself in a heap at

lhe bottom, with an armful of pa-

pers scattered over her broken bones.

But Mrs. Harbinger was already clat-

tering out of the room and if Peg

was to win her she must show her

she was no Shirk. With aching mus-

cles she proceeded to her task and

by slow and careful -steps succeeded

in clearing the room without the ex-

pected tumble.



“Now, Mrs. Harbinger,” she said

cheerfully, when the last armful was

out doors, “they’re all in a nice pile,

and if you’ll give me the coal I’ll

start the bonfire.”



“Bonfire,” shrieked the old woman.

“Who said bonfire? Do you want to

burn me up? Whoever thought I'd

burn up all those papers in a bonfire

when I need ’em every morning to

start the kitchen fire? You bring ’em

right back into the woodshed and





leave ’em there.” -





“You said to take them out doors

and we’d start a. bonfire,” protested

Peggy, angry tears springing to her

eyes.



“You contradict me to my face, you

sassy thing,” screamed Mrs. Harbin-

ger. “March out there this minute

and bring ’em in or I’ll tell your fath-

er on you.”



Peggy had intended to refuse, but

this threat finished her. If Mrs. Har—

binger told her father, Jack would be





sure to find it out and after her boast:

of the morning his ridicule would be





more than she could bear.



“It never turns out for me as it

does in the books,” she mourned.

“Now, if ‘Luella’ had come here this

afternoon, she’d have talked Mrs. Har-

binger into anything. Well, maybe I’ll

learn after awhile just to be myself.

Now I’ll just carry these things back

in and skip for home before she gets

a chance to set me at something else.





I don’t believe Mrs. Harbinger de--





serves friends, anyway, or she

wouldn’t have been living here alone

all these years waiting for me to dis-

cover her.” -



And with this reflection Peggy went

out into the twilight to return the pas

pers to the house.





WILD GEESE.





 





BY J. A. KAISER. '

High oveg—head, with honking clangor

ou ,

A flock of wild geese files—

A wavy line of life ’gainst fieecy

cloud

And stretch of azure skies.

More common scenes of March dis-

solve and go,

And but the wild geese high—

A wilder life than our tame regions

know

Attract the ear and eye.

They stir my blood; they beckon,

beckon me;

The wild within them calls,

And in my heart respond the wild

and free

Which Custom’s bondage galls.

Their noisy clangor fades and dies

away; .

Their far-off forms depart;

But through the fleeting hours of that

March day,

There’s longing in my heart.
APRIL 4, 1914.





RecollectiOns of Lincoln and Grant.





N the spring of 1865 in the month





of April, my company (Light Ar-



tillery) was doing detached duty,

and our ‘camp was about six miles

from the city of Washington. Lee had

surrendered and there was great re.

joicing all over the country, and es-

pecially in the army, that the long,

cruel war was over, and the survivors

could soon return to their homes and

loved ones. .



On the eleventh day of the month

of April, General Grant arrived in the

city and was given a royal welcome

and reception, in honor of his victory

and the surrender of Lee. During the

day, many salutes were fired from the

different forts surrounding the city.

In the evening the public buildings

and city, especially Pennsylvania av-

enue from the Capitol to the White

house, was as brilliantly illuminated

as it was possible to do at that time,

and I was fortunate enough to obtain

a pass and be present to witness this

illumination and other scenes that

transpired during the day and even-

ing.



Along Pennsylvania avenue were

several mottoes in honor of General

Grant. There was one opposite the

treasury building which I distinctly

remember that read as follows:



“Glory be to God who hath to U. S.

Grant-ed the victory.” During the ev-





lilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliiHilllllllllllliilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





THE BLACKSNAKE AND THE

WOODPECKERS.





BY w. T. CHILDS.



George Bender and Pete Moore had

noticed in the spring that a red-head-

ed woodpecker often punctured the

decayed trunk of an old oak tree in

the pasture, and, after flitting about

and drilling the rotten limbs, placed

its head close to the loose bark, so

that its acute ear might discern the

consternation of countless insects and

vermin as they burrowed deeper and

deeper into the millions of pin-holes

under the bark. Hastily would the

bird tear off a large strip of the bark

and then feast upon the larvae and

the insects and vermin that had not

escaped.



\Vhen the boys were convinced that

the red-headed woodpecker and his

less gaily coolred mate had selected

this particular old oak tree for their

domicile, it taxed their patience to

wait until the first egg appeared. Day

after day, for two weeks, one or the

other of the boys had climbed the tree

and thrust his hand into the hole

from which the woodpeckers were

seen to fly as the boys approached

the tree, only to find at the bottom of

the hole daily increasing numbers of

cherry seeds. When at last the first





egg appeared, George and Pete were .





tempted to take it, but they did not

for fear the female bird might de-

sert the nest; and the boys wanted

at least two red-headed woodpecker

eggs for their collection. They wait-

ed until one Saturday morning, when

they calculated upon finding the cow

eted eggs in the hole.



“Two woodpecker eggs will be quite

an addition to our collection,” said

George as he balanced himself upon

an unsound limb of the tree, before

thrusting his hand into the hole. Sud-

denly with a. yell of alarm he slid to

the ground just asabig black snake’s

head came out of the hole, and its

forked tongue bade defiance to the

two boys who had disturbed its nap.

Then, with a shrill cry and a swoop,

the male bird appeared on the scene.

and, quicker than the quickness of the

thrust of the snake’s head, the red-

headed woodpecker sank its bill into

the neck of the reptile, and as quick-

ly again flew out of the snake’s reach.

Pete was taking aim at the reptile’s

lzead. » -‘ _



,Whiz! The stone sped from his

hand, and the next instant the black-

snake’s head was mashed to a. pulp





ening up to a late hour, the avenue





THE 'MICHIGAN-FARMER





and all around the White House was

crowded with soldiers and civilians:

General. Grant came out on the ba-l-

cony of the War Department building

and said a few words, but there was

so much cheering only a few could

hear what he said. About 8:00 o’clock

President Lincoln came out on the

north porch of the White House, and

gave a short address; but there was

such a crowd of people and in conse-





 





quence so much confusion, only a few

could understand what he said. I

No one at that time realized thati

this was the last public speech that‘

he would ever make, and that'in a

few days he would be murdered by an

assassin. On the night of his assassi-

nation, everything was peaceful and

quiet in our camp, when suddenly

about 11:00 o’clock the bugle sounded

and we quickly fell out and formed in

line, and when an officer told us what

had occurred, no man can describe

our grief and sadness of our feeling,

when told that our beloved President

had been shot down and was dying.

And thousands that are now living

cannot realize the gloom that settled

over the whole country, when the

news became known, because no Pres-

ident ever lived that was more highly

esteemed or beloved than Lincoln.

Ottawa Co. JOHN JACKSON.





 





against the tree, and its body squirm-

ed and coiled in the agony of death

and dropped helpless and defenceless

to the ground. With a shrill cry, the

woodpecker flew away to the woods.

Pete climbed the tree and thrust his

hand into the hole. “No woodpecker

eggs for us,” he said, dejectedly, as

he withdrew the crushed shells. The

snake sucked ’em. Wonder what be-

came of the mother bird ‘2” ~ -

Pete slid dowu the trunk of the

tree to the ground, and stretching the

snake to its full length, revealed a

bunch several inches down the snake’s

length.

- “There she is!” exclaimed George.‘

“Just like a snake! It was waiting

for the male bird to come back so it

could swallow it, too!”





 





IMMORTALITY.





 





BY MATTIE M’CASLIN.





I had a funny dream last night, a

dream that made me squirm,



For right upon my shoulder, was a

herrid, great, green worm!



It wriggled and it shivered, and it

lifted up its head,



Then whispered in my shrinking ear,

and this is what it said:



“Be patient‘ little maiden, and see

what I will do.”



And then it quivered and was still; it

seemed to die all through,



Then soon a tiny coffin grew, around

its stiffened shaoe,



It was not black, and there was not a

single bit of crepe.



I tried so hard to keep quite still, I’m

sure I must have wept,



At least my eyes were dim with tears,

until again I slept.



And had a dream Within a dream, a

thrill of joy ran o’er me,



As brilliant sun-kissed colors flashed



_ on dancing wings before me.



A tiny buzz of laughter, “You were



‘ patient dear,” he said,



‘And you see I’ve kept the promise



' that the caterpillar made.



lies, Iknow I am a beauty, will you

J01n me in a dance?



I will teach you to be graceful, not a

Jumping, bumping prance.



Let us hasten to the meadow, there

are flowers there, poor things,



They can “honors to their partners,”

in the dance, but have no wings.



They are flowers of the earth, while



’ I’m a flower of the air,



Ini so happy, happy, happy, full of joy



_ and free from care.



We will love them, smile upon them,

lead the figures you and I.’



And I ’woke while I was dancing,

with my. friend, the butterfly.



My Mamma, she has told me, Oh,

how wonderful it seems!



That the very bestest things of life

are found outside of dreams,



For inside the caterpillar grows, ,the

lovely butterfly



And in each of us, an angel, we may





 





17 —-401





Your car starts in trim for





l914—How will it end .7





A canvass among New York repair

shops showed that over one—half of the

automobile engine troubles are caused

by incorrect lubrication.





 





Correct Lubrication





Your motor has approximately 1500

parts. To reach all friction points

properly your oil must suit your motor.





Explanation: in the schedule. the letter opposite I

the car indicates the grade of Gargoyle Mobiloil ,

that should be used. For example: ”A" means i

"Gargoyle Mohiloil A." "Arc. “ means ”Gargoyle i

Mobiloil Arctic." For all electric vehicles use 1

Gargoyle Mobiloil ”A". The recommendation: '

cover both pleasure and commercial vehicles unless ‘

otherwise noted.





No one lubricating oil can be efiicient

for all cars.





The Lubricating Chart, printed in part

on the right, was prepared after a care—





 





IODU. 0' 191! I913 I914





 





 





 





 





 





 





   

 





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





 





It describes the common engine troubles





 





ful analysis of the motors of each make cuts i g g g g .3: E g g g

and model of American and foreign car. a ‘s m B a 8 n ’5 m B

. .‘ Arc. AruArcArc.

It is a standard guide to correct auto- A .:i 312332 the

mobile lubrication. ,2 . 2 2m. with;

....... A ‘ A XMA‘KHXHA”,

Make a note of the grade of Gargoyle A A A A A

. . . . A A Arc. A Are A Arc.

Mobilods speCified for your car. Then A; $3”; “i523:

make sure that you get it. __ R 23:: 2 2: “it.

It is safest to buy in original barrels, ‘ g :i's' :i'a“ A; :6” .3 ‘i‘i

half-barrels and scaled five and one- “““ A; 22‘}: ,

gallon cans. See that the red Gargoyle, .. '35,”: Are

' ........ .E E E B E El

our mark of manufacture, IS on the .3 . 2 m. A", A A

container. c .. mm: 'A’A};

. . . A A Arc. A Ar

On request we Will mail a_ pamphlet .°_ ‘5‘ {m ‘ffi

on the Lubrication of Automobile Engines. if. ..g a": {“‘f:

111.com) ii?

' t A A,





 





 





 





 





mi>>§n§§ i; :3? >23??? iii





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





and gives their causes and remedies. ‘ii‘ii'ii'x

‘ A Are. A Arc.



Stationary (.as Engines—~For all types of 'A'Ai'c'i'i‘x'c' Ami

small gas and oil engines use Gargoyle Mobil- X A",

oil “A' the year 'round.. During very warm If”; A; ‘g 2 2:

weather Gargoyle Mohilorl “B" 13 most eco- .. in A... m A Am"

nomical on engines from 9 [LR up. 2 2 R 2 k fil

Tractors—Gargoyle Mobiloil “B” meets every ,1“ 1‘; ‘g- “g" Q A?)

requirement of tractors. “““ A m;

A I: A Arr. .....~,



A An: A re A Am

B E B E‘ ........

unmi— Arr Am Arr Am:



\rr Arr



, A ‘\ A Arc. A A Arc.

.,\‘\ ., AArcA. .AAR.‘



A Arc. A.

V) gm, \‘ i)“; Arr A..- An— A" A Arc,



\ «x \ ‘ .. ..Arv Arc.



-' _ ' x A A A A A A

-— A Arr A Arc. ‘ '\rc.Arc._i



. A Arr A Arr Arr Arc.

M l o o . , 2:": that: .“r 2::

o l 01 S A An A A A





 





 





 





A grade fbr cat/z type of motor





 





 





 





 





 





 





“i ”i "is imwm>§§i ii mime»: N§ N§§§ mmmmi n;>>§‘i





Arc

Arr

Arr

An"

Arc

‘Arc

Arr

A

An

Arr

An

Arc

li.

\i-c

.Arc Arr

\ .

Arr

Arr

Arc

Arr

A

Arc

Arr

Arr

in.

A

Arc

A

rht

Arr

A.—





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





. . . A MIA .A . .-



The various grades of Gargoyle Mobilods- A M ii A: .

purified to remove free carbon, are: Gargoyle figs-Afr t5 ‘1; ”l:

Mobiloil “A”, Gargoyle Mobiloil “B”, .1 _ A M A m A; ,g.

Gargoyle Mobiloil “E“, Gargoyle Mobiloil p;- H A1

“ n .. .' mirrArr Arc m».

Arctic . They ran be secured from reliable g A Am in. i... . A Am

garages, automobile supply houses, hardware , 'A" {A}: t ‘tr. 2,3“

stores, and others who supply lubricants. . ,, _. ...Aull. 1mm}

. . . . . u . .A AvrAm vrArr "- Ammo.



For information, kindly address any inquiry Milo“) ..Arc An: Arc. m in Arr in ....“

to our nearest office.- W‘mum. Arr.Arc Arr Arr Arr ‘N’.AN Arc Arc.Ar:.J





VACUUM OIL (30., Rochester, U. s. A.





Specialists in the manufacture of high-grade lubricants for

every class of machinery. Obtainable everywhere in the world.





DETROIT BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO





BRANCHES‘ PITTSBURGH PHILADELPHIA INDIANAPOLIS MINNEAPOLIS





 





 





grow it if we try.





Quality shows

in service!





r i ‘ The Majestic is bought by those who see

the economy of paying a little more at

the start and a whole lot less in the end.





That little extra you pay for a Majes-

tic is an investment in quality that

' will pay dividends in service long

after the ordinary range is worn out.





The Majestic is made of malleable and

charcoal iron, a combination that resists

wear and rust three times as long as any

other range metal.





 

 





.

' ' :lr‘





—— Ill/"ait I

. wuké) I ‘5





‘" in l as.»





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





The Majestic saves fuel because it is

cold-riveted, making oven air-tight with-

out putty. This eliminates open joints and

rcqmres less fuel to maintain uniform heat.

The Majestic is made in many styles and

smes, but only one quality—the best. You

Will do yourself an injustice if you don't ex-

amine the lllayestic before you buy any range.

The MaJthlClS sold in every county of 40

States. If you don’t know the Majestic deal—

er near you, ask us, and write for "Range

Comparison." Explains Majestic ad vantages.





Majestic Mfg. Co., Dept. 21 ShLouie, Mo.





Great,

Majestic





Malleable and Charcoal Iron





 





’1" q, / water

fllwaysl





~15 gallons of it. All the hot water you want.

whenever you want it. Reservoir is nickeled cop-

per, with pocket pressed from one seamless piece

—can’t leak. (1) Sets snugly against lining of

firebox; heats water as quickly as would a kettle

on a very hot stove. When water boils, reservoir

moves away from fire box byleverlfl). No wear

" ' on bottom of reservoir. Reservoirs flush

with stove top have aluminum covers.





   





 

 

 

   





 





“HQOIOTIVE gram,“





   





U ‘Q '(‘vwn

‘_ i)» =1 ’ 4/





 





bun-u. make in Mad. introduce

bouillon win-cad «human-uh by wipe" pdd

PM





I:

...!“





 

 





'°' ONLY 95

W on". locomotive on





i.

5 ‘ 3‘:





\
Newases

an Old Friend





White hardwood floors should be

mopped two or three times a week'

with 'water in which “20 Mule Team"

Borax has been dissolved. The floor

will remain beautifully white and no

scrubbing is necessary.





 





 





 





Equal parts of Borax and Powdered

Sugar will drive away cockroaches and

water bugs. Simply spread it around

wherever the pests appear.





For washing painted walls add a. half

a pound of Borax to a pail of hot

water and use with soap. It removes

all the dirt and grease and does not

leave the walls or ceilings cloudy or

streaky, and gives them a. fresh. new ap-

pearance.

EZOMIEAMI





 





   

   

   





 





The Marvelous Aid to Soap





Removes Germs and Odors





 





 





Used with Soap Wherever Soap is Used

For Sale by A ‘ Grocers and Druggisls





In convenient 10c. 15c and 50c packages.

If your retailerdoes not supply you prompt-

ly. your choice of a 10c, 150 or 5th package

will be mailed to you by Parcels Post,

delivery charges paid, on receipt of the

regular retail price.



The Pacific Coast Borax Co.





1561 McCormick 81:13.. Chicago, Ill.





   





 





 





Do you realize that you can dis-

card your old stove with advantage and profit?

In constructionnvorkman-

LaSts Longer ship and design. The Mon-

arch is years ahead of all other ranges. It is

made of malleable iron and 1slteel. Ibt has corrid-

plete triple wa s—as estos an

ess Fuel steel. Full protection against

damage by corrosion. The top and oven heat

quickly. Every seam is riveted tight—no bolts

L w k or stove putty toloosen and fall

ess or out. The Duplex Draft and Hot

Blast Fire Box insure even heat and full use of





' all the fuel. The polished

Better COOklng top never needs blacking.





   

 

 

 





Two Valuable Book-

~ . “The Range Problem"





and

“ Cash in on

the Old Stove”





Sent FREE!

WRITE today!

Address

;, - " Malleable Iron Range Co.

72 6 Lake Street, Beaver Dam. Wisconsin





.LYONS

Magazine and Music Stand





Made of hard wood, dark

mahogany finish. Easel shelf

at top to display picture on

magazine covers. Storage shelf

at bottom. Folds up flat,

Easily carried in one hand.

WeighsS lbs. The nices and

best. magazine stand on the

the market. A new idea. just

out. Price only $2.00. Sent

prepaid to any address on

receipt of price. Agents

wanted. Price to agents $15.00

per dozen. Prepaid in dozen

and one-half dozen lots. lie.

mit with order.





H. D. LYONS CO.

Muskegon, Michigan.





W/‘am

HARTSHORN

s





 





 





 





HADE ROLLERS





Bear the script name of

Stewart liartshom on label.

“ Improved," no tacks required.





Wood Rollers Tin Rollers





mgenflLe—ZII





I: 5 I ‘ 1 ‘ -



Gives 500 candle power. Casts no shadow.

'Costs Scents per week. Makes and burns

its own gas. Over 200 styles. Every lamp

warranted. No dirt. .No odor. No grease.

’ Agents wanted. Write for cataldg, now.





THE BEST llGflT CO. _

280 E. 5th St" Cont”. 0.





   

 

 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN (FAR-MERIT





XPRIL 4, 1914., ..





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





ya... argues





At .. Home find Ehrewljere





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





The Week’s Work, How Do You Plan It?





VERY timeI read a message

from a woman advising her sis-

ters to “cut out the non-essen-



tials,” I utter a word of thanksgiving.

\Ve have so long been slaves to what

"folks-would-think-of—us-if -they - knew-

we—didn’t—ir0n-oursheets-all-over,” that

it comes hard to slight material

things-in order to have time for spir-

itual. But gradually we are coming

to it, and the next generation will, I

fondly believe, see the real emanci-

pated woman, the woman who has

time for whatever she needs to make

her broad-minded and healthy and

keep her family in the same condi-

tion, but who has no time to scour

knives three times a day nor w'ash

her windows every week, nor put

three sets of fine tucks and lace-edg-

ed ruffles on little Mary’s under-

clothes.



When I was a child I remember the

average woman was a martyr. More

than that, she revelled in being a

martyr, and tried hard to bring her

daughters up in the same way. Those

women just loved to get all the meals

for a family of eight, wash all the

dishes (and scour all those knives and

forks, too). do their'washing and

ironing and scrub the kitchen every

Monday. They wanted to do it, so

they could tell their husbands how

hard worked they were when night

came, and brag about how much

smarter they were than the poor

woman who thought life meant some-

thing more than hard and unceasing

toil. The woman who stopped work

in the daytime to pick up a paper or

magazine, was a lazy good-for-nothing

and her husband a hardly used man.

A spotless house was the one thing

needful in life, and it must be main-

tained, no matter at what expense of

woman’s flesh and blood.



But the women of this generation

have a wiser way. They are taking

lessons from their master, man, and

looking for the quickest and'easiest

way to do everything, knowing that

that way is usually the best. Dishes

are washed, rinsed in hot water and

turned up to dry. Stockings, knit un-

derwear, dust—cloths, dishtowels, bath

towels, etc., are folded up smoothly

as they'come from the line and put

away unironed. Sheets have only the

top hem ironed, and perhaps not that.

Carpet sweepers are called into requi-

sition instead of brooms, unless there

is money enough for the vacuum

cleaner. The kitchen floor gets along

with a scrubbing once a week, and

the mop keeps it clean enough the

rest of the time. Neither does all the

woodwork in the kitchen receive its

old—time scrubbing every Saturday

morning. A large part of the baking

has been done away with, too. Mod-

ern women have learned that the fam-

ily will be healthier and stronger with

fewer pies and rich cakes, and more

vegetables, so cooking has undergone

a change in that direction, while the

fireless cooker, home—made or from

the store, takes off a large percentage

of the work that is left.



Neither is it considered a loss of

time to read. Women have learned

the truth of that doctrine, “Power

through repose.” They have learned

by watching man, that if they drop

down right after dinher and rest for

a. half hour or an hour, they can finish

the day much more easily than with-

out that little rest. Usually the mind

is working during that breathing spell





and the bit read each day makes a

brighter, more useful member of so-

ciety. '



Women are learning little by little

to put health and good spirits above





 





 





work. Just how it is accomplished is

an individual problem. How do you

arrange your week’s work so as to do

it with the least effort and secure to

you the most time? Are you willing

to write and tell us, in a few words,

for the benefit of “the other woman?”

DEBORAH.





lllll||||||Illlll||Illlll|Illlll|IlllllllIIIH|Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllIlllI|IlllllIlllllllllllllllllll|lllllllIIllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIll]I|llllll|lllllllllllllllllllIIIlllllllllllI|lllllll|lllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Planing the Home Flower Garden.

By MRS. JEFF DAVIS.





N determining the time for plant'-



ing, differences in the latitude



must be considered. But before

planting time arrives, your garden

sheuld be planned and your seed se-

lected. Plan your garden most care-

fully, and select suitable locations for

plants. Much depends on this, and

do not forget that the morning sun

brings best results. Very few flowers

thrive in full shade.



Don’t be too ambitious, but use a

common sense plan, bearing in mind

the requirements of the flowers you

want to grow. It is a mistake to

think every plant will thrive in your

garden because you have seen it cat-

alogued. Select the varieties you

know to be suitable to your locality,

and if you wish to add others inquire

from the nurseryman if they can be

successfully grown in your garden.



To get pleasing effects, study a col-

or scheme. Mass the colors, using

enough flowers of one variety to get

a. decided tone. Plant tall flowers and

shrubs as a background, placing your

short ones in the front.



Roses in all lands virtually require

the same culture. The better their

culture, the better the roses. Roses,

to be sent by parcel post should be

ordered early, as florists are not rush-

ed and can give more prompt atten-

tion to orders. Then. plants suffer

more by heat in the parcel post, than

by cold, hence the advisability of

early orders.



Set roses in sunny places. They

will not bloom in the shade. Neither

will they live or grow in damp, soggy

soil. Good drainage is of vital im-

portance. The morning sun is al-

ways the best for them, so an eastern

exposure should be chosen if possi-

ble. The afternoon sun is exhausting

to roses. The'only danger of over-

watering is for the first ten days af-

ter the plants are put out. After

growth begins, if the soil is well

drained, copious watering in dry

weather is highly beneficial.



Sweet peas also require a location

with plenty of sunlight, and if pos-

sible let the rows of planting run

north and south. First have the

ground to be planted forked up afoot

or 18 inches deep, then cover the sur-

face with decayed straw, leaf mold,

or grass clippings which have been

piled up all summer and are begin-

ning to decay. Work this into the

soil breaking all clods until the

ground is well pulverized. It is best

not to use animal manure on peas as

this breeds all sorts of insects. If de-

cayed straw or leaves cannot be secur-

ed, use bone meal or nitrate of soda.

Bone meal can be sprinkled on the

ground to resemble a light snow, then

worked in. Nitrate of soda is best

used in a liquid form, two ounces to

a gallon of water. This'c’an be applied





'to the peas after they are well up, but





do not let the. mixture get on the

plants themselves, only on the ground

as near to the roots as possible.



If planting is done very early, his

best to pull the ground up over the





rows in a little ridge, which can be

leveled off later. This is a protection

and prevents the peas starting too

soon.



As soon as peas are two or three

inches high work the ground with a.

hoe, pulling the dirt to them for a

support. Stake them as you do ordi-

nary garden peas. Do not let the

faded flowers go to seed. By pulling

off the full grown blossoms every day

the blooming period will be length-

ened. Select the best varieties, buy-

ing seed in separate colors, and not

in mixtures. The‘mixed seed have a

great many combinations of colors,

but are not nearly so distinctive or

effective as separate colors.





IMPROVING THE HOME.





 





BY ’l‘llEDA DEE.



Whether our homes are on the

farm or are suburban or city lots, let

us see to it that they are properly

improved. By improved I do not mean,

city water service, electric or acety-

lene lights, etc., although these are

nice, and right if they can be afford-

ed. But I have reference to the plant~

ing of trees, fruit, ornamental and

shade, flowering shrubs, vines, berry

plants and grape vines. Such every-

one can afford, yes, cannot afford to

do without.



How often we see places which

have been homes for years with nev-

er a shade tree nor a fruit tree. Or

if there chance to be a few, What a.

sad condition they are in. Perhaps

the owner planted a number, but let

calves, pigs or horses run in the same

lot and his trees were broken down

or crippled otherwise.



Some people say as an excuse that

they did not intend to make this their

permanent home and did not expect

to remain on the place long enough

to reap any good from fruit trees or

vines which they would plant! What

of that? Plant them anyway, and

cultivate and trim them, and if not in

bearing, they will add to the appear-

ance of the home and help to bring a

better price than you would get if no

trees were there.



Really, it requires but a very few

years for fruit to begin bearing, es-

pecially peach, plum and cherry trees,

grapevines and berries of various

kinds. we have always planted such

things wherever we live and although

we have not always stayed long

enough to eat of the fruit, we have

the satisfaction of seeing it grow and

know that someone will reap the ben-

efits, even if we do not. Besides such

improvements always help to sell a

place, for no one wants to buy a bar-

ren and treeless home.



Three years ago 'we planted fruit

trees of different kinds. This year we

ate grapes, peaches, plums and cher-

ries of our own planting. Next year,

if it is a fruit year, ”we expect more.

We also had grapes, pears, peaches,

plums and berries, which had been

planted by the former owner. We

have apricots, apples and. cherries

coming, and .in a. few years we expect





 





l

r





——-





«WW.





. ~,...——— wfli. _





“an...“ .
. 11'" Exprnu/y for Mum





initiating - THE, MICHIGAN FARMER 19—403





j- and i‘ltl'ley

lived happy

ever after





Love has found a way— '





Now they can be mar-

ried in June and have a

cozy home full of good

things and all on aimod-

est salary. She had it all

figured out—down to the

last pie tin, selected from

the big book of bargains

which—for reasons we

need not explain ——had

slipped to the floor.





So the big yearly Catalogue

of Montgomery Ward 85 Com—

pany has made possible a low

cost of living to millions of

families. 80 has it month by

month stripped merchandise of

all unnecessary profits, and of-

fereditin full value at lowprices.

The world’s best creations, such

as you might see in a huge Paris,

London, New York or Chicago

department store are sent to

your home with these savings

by Montgomery Ward 8: Com—

pany and you suffer none of

the rush or distractions of shop—

ping but make your selections

from the Catalogue at your

leisure with the family gathered

round.





Many families, like this young

couple, have not only started from this

book but they have lived wit/z it. So

it may truly be written of thousands who

have experienced its benefits—~“and they

lived happy ever after.”





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

 





 

 

 





 

 





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7.1 @' Camping Ia R. I". khaki“:





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 

 

 





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to have all the 01dinary fruit that we

can use



But planting is not all we have to

do. We take good care of our fruit

trees and Vines, prune them, cultivate

and fertilize them. In the late fall

we wrap the small trees well with

rags or paper to keep the rabbits from

gnawing the bark. Yes, it pays to





plant, but not unless you take care.





of the trees afterwards. It is a real

pleasure to raise one’s own fruit, and

have all you want, fresh and ripe.

Such fruit is not to be classed with

that which is shipped in and usually

picked before nearly ripe. Besides,

it is a great. saving, not to have to

buy it.



Eyen if lixing in a town theie usu-

ally is mom for a g1apeyine 01 two 0,

a few cherry or peach trees. And if

they are well cared for they will re-

pay for all the time spent upon them.





TO SHORTEN A SKIRT.

BY LUNA \V. CALLIN.



Of course. you are all alone when

you decide to shorten that skirt, but

you have a “now 01' never” feeling

that. makes the task seem very urgent

but not sufficiently so to warrant a

trip to the dressmaker.



\Yith a bit of chalk,apiece of string

and a yardstick to conjure with, the

deed may be done. If you have no

yardstick. take a stick from the hem

of the curtain. Make a circle about.

18 inches in diameter on a large piece

of paper. using nine inches of the

string and the chalk. Place the paper

on the floor in 110m of a mirror

where the feet may be seen. \Vith

chalk and stick, take your place in

the center of this circle. (‘halk the

upper end of the stick and placing

the lower end on the circle and keep-

ing it perpendicular p1ess against the

skirt. which you have put 011. Make

a row of marks all around the skirt,

the circle regulating the distance

from the foot, all around.



“'hen done remme skirt. hook the

belt together and pin to a curtain.

pinning the belt in several places so

it hangs fairly even. Mark 011 the

stick the. height you wish the skirt to

be from the Hour and. with the other

end of the stick placed carefully at.

each chalk mark on the skirt, make

another row oi" dots along the bottom

of the skirt just where the chalk mark

comes. lr‘old the hem along these

dots.



To Reinforce Hose.



\Vhen buying line hosiery get, also,

a pair of cheap stockings the same

color for each pair. (‘ut off the tops

of the cheap pair and sew inside the

tops of the good paiz. stitching on the

machine twice. st1etthing the goods

under the machine toot. This rein-

forces the grip of the garter and pre-

vents railroading. “hen the hose get

thin in the feet draw the cheap nose

(n‘el' a last and over it the good

stocking and sew with a fine running

stitch all around on a line just below

the slipper top. Darn all thin places,

i'asttming the two thicknesses togeth-

er. Take off the last and, turning

wrong side out, trim oil the cheap

goods just above the line of sewing

and hem this edge down neatly. Sew

loOsely or the thread will break when

drawn over the foot.



To Fasten Sheet Hems.



To keep the hems from' fraying at

the ends as they sometimes do when

whipped by the wind, turn the ends

of the hem back a little bit and

stitch close to the edge and also back

along the fold for two inches. The

ends of the thread can not work loose

and there is no corner to offer any

resistance.





SCHOOL LUNCH NEEDS ATTEN-

TION.





 





“When it is considered that many

school children depend upon the box

lunch for about one-third of their food

supply, it is seen that its preparation

is rather an important problem,” says





THE MICHIGAN FARMERI





Mary Betz, of the College of Agricul-

ture, Ohio State University. “A lunch

may be a source of pleasure to a

child,; it may be full of surprises; or

it may be a disappointment. Just as

in the preparation of any other meal,

there are three points to consider in

getting up the school lunch: selection

of proper food and the right amount

of variety; preparation of food so





that it will be palatable and digesti- ‘





ble; and packing in an attractive,

sanitary way. Often lunches consist

of foods that are difficult to digest

such as meat, pie, doughnuts, cheese

and pickles. There is a lack of the

simple, more digestible foods, such as

jelly, jam, peanut butter and lettuce

sandwiches, custard, singer bread,

fruits, nuts and candy. Neatness

should be emphasized in packing the

lunch for unattractive food is not eat-

een with relish. Wax paper should

be used to wrap up such articles as

sandwiches so they will not absorb

flavors. A permanent container, made

of tin, is better than a paper box or

bag for daily use since it can be

cleaned easily and prevents the food

from drying out. Each article of food

should be packed compactly in the

container, because jostling is apt to

spoil the lunch.”



Mend your rugs by whipping over

the worn edges with yarn to match

the rug, and then single crochet over

the hole or worn place tightly with a

crochet hook.——F. T. M.





HOME QUERIES.





 





Household EditorrfiVVill you please

publish in the Household Department

the piece titled, “The Farmer and the

Fox?” If not, could you tell where

it could be found?—M. S., Bellevue.



I have-been unable to find the ar~

ticle. Could you give further infor-

mation, as the author’s name, when

first published, etc. ? is it a poem?





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





 





 





Our large Fashion Book-containing

92 pages illustrating over 700 of the

season’s latest styles, and devoting

several pages to embroidery designs,

will be sent to any address on receipt

of ten cents.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





No. 8093—Surplice blouse for miss-

es and small women, 16 and 18 years.

\Vith long or three—quarter sleeves.



No. 8126—F‘ancy blouse for misses

and small women, 16 and 18 years.

With long or three-quarter sleeves.



No. 8113——Coat for misses and small

women, 16 and 18 years. With raglan

sleeves, with or without belt. Perfor—

ated for shorter length.



No. 8123—Three-piece skirt, 22 to

32 waist. With or without circular

ruffles, with high or natural waist

line.



No. 8098—Skirt in peg top effect,

22 to 32 waist. With high or natural

waist line.



The above patterns will be mailed

to any address by Fashion Depart-

ment of the Michigan Farmer, on re-

ceipt of ten cents for each.





 





 





APRIL 4, 1914.





 





 





 





They Say He’s

Worth 8 Million Dollars





mantelpiece—7 inches tall. sturdy.

handsome. triple nickel leated tick-

ing quietly and ’tendz‘ng to his km‘l-





Yes Sir! American farmers and

d business men, and their wives and

children, have said, "He' 5 worth 1mg

eight million dollars,” for they’ve In the bed rooms in the mornin

paid that much to 20 000 jewelers you ’11 hear him calling dilierent peog-

to get him to come to work 1n more ple difierent ways-in "that" room.

than three and a quarter million with one straight Nhurry-up" five-

homes (3, 250 ,.000) minute ring,andin“thatotherroom.”





hort “reminder” calls last-

Big Ben is only four years old. but .With ten 5. ‘ _



he’s made a bigger success for him- :91? ten g‘niiis'ngiillalé‘cgnfg '3‘;

self than any other clock alive. 1 9. yo c "





you.

You'll find him on all of the big 11 B B t our ewelerfls

farms—helping to get the farm hands Ca on 1g en a y j





. . . His price is $2.50. Let him show you

out on time-helping to get the blg' what he does. If your jeweler hasn’ t

ger, better y1elds. You 11 see h‘m Big Ben, 11 money order for $2. 50 ad-

’round the house telling the women- dressed to his makers— Westclox.

folks the time all day so they can La Salle, Illinois—will bring him to

have the meals on tlme- you anywhere in the States prepaid

You'll see him in the parlor on the by parcel post. (205)





 





 





 





 





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till'lllltlllt l. W





 





t 1





ll





Aristos produces the largest number of light

biscuit with a flavor from a sack of flour.

It is the sound basis for the perfect loaf.





           





This Trade Mark onEvery Sock





 





 





\ WANTED-RIDER AGEN 'I'Sii'i"





(strict to ride and exhibit a sample 191; Model “Ranger” bi cle furnished by us.

. Our scents Nevelgwhlgre are anklIns money fast Write at once forful particulars and special

. 3017'er. Y REQUIRED until you receive and approve of your bicycle. we

shl toN anylg no anywherel n the U. 8. without a cent d osit ln advanoo. .31 regay freight



In allow END DAYS' FREE TRIAL during whic time you may 11 o t e 1110er an

{lent It to any test you wish. If you are then not perfectly satisfied or do not wish to keep

0 bicycle you may ship it boc to us at our expense and you will no tbe out one cent.

low F‘cTonv PRICES We furnish the highest grade bicycle it is possible to

make at one 5311311 profit: above the actual factory cost.

You savouo to 025 middlemen’e profits by obngivild heel; of us and have the manufacturer’s



o





   





 

 





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lbw guarantee behind your bicycle. DON bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone

’5‘? l ‘\ at 31,114,513.ch $391??? liecelve our catalogues and learn our urunh ot factory prices

5“” ‘ c a 11 1 bee. tum m a



‘1 ,3, , You mum BE Asromsnsn 11.13 111: can as... .2... anglers...





   





\‘(5‘3‘ “1‘: PM 098 ‘70 canmak We sell the highest grade bicycle at Blowcérm 91-1339 t an an

. other factory. We are ysatlsfled with 81 profit above factory oost.B EALER

‘ youm canl sell our “131030108" under you uroywn name plate It double our prices. Organs filled the





.7 ”A ND Ilc LIB—o limitedn umber taken in trade} byour

TI ‘5 “untamed will limo

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out at once. at $311038 each. Descriptive bargain [13:11:31

8 "MASTER rear wheels, inner tubes, lumps, oyclomevers, ports lre in

End everything In the bicycle line at half 113113! Dr cea,

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MEAD CYCLE 00.,





 





 





 





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APRIL 4,1914;





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IEIHHIIIIWIHHHHHWNIllllllllllllIiiWillllilllilllllllllllilllillilllllliluuilllllllllullllil 3“

TH E FARM LABOR PROBLEM.





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(Continued from last week).



Let us next note some of the caus-

es of the present lack of efficient

help. Some of these we will find out-

side the pale of the farmers’ effort

at remedying; others may require

long-continued, united effort, perhaps

by a whole neighborhood, yet it is es-

sential that each individual under-

stand what may be done. In my es-

timation, the dearth of competent

farm help is not due to the introduc-

tion of farm machinery; the latter is

to a greater extent an effect of the

former. I would rather place as one

of the foremost reasons the fact that

agriculture is not an organized in-

dustry, such as mining, factory work,

carpentry, and so manyother forms

of manual labor. I,believe this is

largely the source of the dissatisfac-

tion of the better class for farm

work. The farmer far too often is a

poor manager; the very nature of his

work is seasonal, but there is really

no necessity for doing only chores

during the winter. The more pro-

gressive farmers of my acquaintance

that owu 200 acres of land or more,

find employment for a man the year

around, because they carry on inten-

sive farming to their own profit, be-

side extra stress is laid on dairying

during these winter months, the fer-

tilizer is hauled directly to the fields

where it does the most good, the

year’s supply of wood for fuel is pre-

pared, repairing of harness, tools, and

to some extent, buildings, is done, ex«

tra stock is fattened, and all in all,

there is plenty to do for two, and

spring time finds both ready. Where

a man is hired for the summer, it is





easy to see that his business entails ,





considerable loss. He must find some-

thing to do during the winter season.

The old wood-chopping days are over.

Even if he goes to the northern lum~

ber camps and succeeds in securing

work, he is out considerable money

for railroad expenses. If he secures

work in a factory it will be at very

low pay, and about the time spring

work re-opens on the farm would be

as early as he could expect much of

a raise in pay. How, then, can an

ambitious man afford to work on a

farm when the work there is open to

him but from April to November?

The farmer shows himself a poor

manager in another way, that is, by

the irregular hours for work. No one

wants to be in a business having 17

working hours per day, that is, not

deducting the time for required for

meals. These hours may, of course,

be an exception, but the exception oc-

curs too frequently to be conducive

to the satisfaction of the worker. The

trouble is, too often many farmers

forget to allow for the chores, and

these add very materially, especially

if the man has already done his ten

hours of work in the field.

(To be continued).





COU NTY ASSOCIATION M EETS.





 





The sixth annual meeting of the

Tuscola County Association of Farm-

ers’ Clubs was held in March, at the

Baptist Church, Caro, where a musi-

cal and literary program of interest

was enjoyed by all who attended. The

usual business hour just before din-

ner resulted in the election of offi-

cers: President, James Wilson, EL

lington; vicepresident, John Rether-

ford, Kingston; secretary and treasur-

er, Mrs. M." Arnold, Indianfields. It





was decided to encourage the boys of.





the country to enter into a corn and

potato growing contest and exhibit

the same next January at the Farm-

ers' Institute, Caro. A sumptuous

dinner was served by the Ladies’ Aid





of the Baptist society in the church.





dining-rooms, where 112 did their

best. The table decorations consist-

ed of beautiful pink roses, wandering

Jew and primroses. An ideal day and

a. good a tendance helped to make it





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





one long to be remembered. More





‘ than a dozen members of the Caro





Business Men’s Association enjoyed

the dinner and program, and two of

them gave short talks which were

appreciated by the members—Mrs.

Margaret Arnold, Cor. Sec.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





Young People Interested—Gerani-

ums decorated the spacious home of

Mr. and Mrs. Charles Pierce, who en-

tertained the members of the Indian-

fields Farmers’ Club on March 19.

Nearly 70 pere present, including a

goodly number of the younger mem-

bers who are very much interested

and readily respond when called up-

on to take part in the programs. Af-

ter the social hour the meeting was

called to order by Vice—president R.

W. Black. Papers were read as fol-

lows: “Mud or Stars,” Mrs. Ellen

Purdy; “Inspecting the Tree Trunks,”

Mrs. James Paul; “‘Getting the Most

Out of the Soil,” M. Anger; “Swat-

ting the Fly,’ Mrs. Mary Fournier.

Her paper was of the clean-up move-

ment and concerned dirty alleys and

filthy backyards. When alleys and

yards are cleaned flies breed less and

disease creating conditions are abol-

ished. Paper, “Poultry Hints," Mrs.

Castle Taggett. The question box

contained very interesting questions.

One especially, “Is a new court house

a necessity?” This created a lively

discussion and after several men and

ladies had given short talks a straw

vote was taken which resulted large-

ly in favor of the proposition. Club

adjourned to meet with Mr. and Mrs.

Joseph Fournier, April 16.————Mrs. Mar-

garet Arnold, Cor. Sec.



Discuss Seasonable Topics.——A1-

though it was a cold winter day, 50

members of the Hadley and Elba

Farmers’ Club met in March with

Mr. and Mrs. Chas. Lerrar. We were

made very welcome and all thought

it a day well spent. After dinner the

meeting was called to order by Pres-

ident B. L. Snook. Singing “Nearer

My God, to Thee;” prayer by Rev.

Ehrhardt; roll call, early recollec-

tions. Rev. Walker thought there was

no fender recollections than “Home,

Sweet Home” with father and moth-

er. C. P. Johnson gave us a very

practical paper on good roads, with

general discussion. Carrie Snook gave

a nice paper on bulbs and seeds,

which was followed by discussion.





 





Cor. Sec.





Elwin!!!“HllilillllllllllllIIlillllillllllllllIIH|IllllfillHHlillililmlIHIIIIIHHIIHHIlllllllllllllllllllfl

g Grange. g

EIIHIHHHHIHillllllllillllllllllilllllllillIIIUHUIIIIllIIlilllilIllllliililllillllllllllllllllIIIIHIIUIIIIUIIIE’E



Our Motto:—“The farmer is of more





 





TO EVERY MAN HIS TASK.





 





An assistant lecturer in Pennsyl-

vania writes: “The great problem

is to set every membef at work and

make all feel it is not a waste of

time to attend Grange. Hence we

want the very best advice on things

to .do."



This correspondent has named two

fundamental features of successful

Grange management, namely, to set

every member at work, and to make

each feel it pays him to attend the

Grange. Every person who joins has

the right to expect these two re-

turns. In order to accomplish this, it

seems that we will have to go a long

way to find a better plan than that

by which our state sessions are hand-

led. As is well known, every delegate

to State Grange is assigned to a com-

mittee and expected to share in the

responsibility of that committee’s

work and report. In this way every

delegate is set at work at the very

outset. A similar plan of dividing the

subordinate Grange into committees

or groups holds within it great possi-

bilities. The subjects assigned to

the groups should be carefully select-

ed, with due regard to the interests

and needs of the locality of the

Grange. Not many groups should be

made up, unless the membership is

very large. Perhaps four would an-

swer in most Granges and the sub-

jects should be quite broad. Later,

other topics may be chosen and,,sub-

divisions of the first general subject

may be taken up.





,ture Unite ‘3” by





For example, suppose at first a

Grange divided into only four groups

known as: 1, soils and crops; 2,

farm animals; 3, home economics; 4,

child training. Let each group or

committee select its own leader, or

one may be appointed by the master

or lecturer. The members of a group

should be encouraged to make note of

facts, incidents and experiences which

they run across and bring these to

the group meeting to share with oth-

er members of that group. Use may

be made of these groups uponthe

regular programs. Some time one

group will be given a quarter of an

hour in which to report its findings.

At another time, perhaps, the entire

Grange will break up into groups or

committee meetings in the four cor-

ners of the hall for a few minutes’

conference. All will be admonished

and encouraged to talk group topics

whenever and wherever they meet

one another. Best of all, it will be

possible to stimulate through'these

groups an improvement of the neigh-

borhood interests. The spirit of com-

munity pride will be aroused. A sort

of rivalry can be engendered among

the groups as to which will set real

movements on foot for the common

good. Perhaps the farm animal group

will be casting about to see how

better stock may gradually be intro-

duced. The soils and crops group

will be testing soils, comparing treat-

ment and canvassing for orders for

lime and fertilizers, or enlisting mem-

bers in better methods of seed selec-

tion. We can fancy that the home

economics group will present balanc-

ed ration menus for the home that

will vie with those served to stock

at the barns; while the group that

devotes itself to child training will

lead to a closer study and more sym-

pathetic understanding of the chil-

dren of the neighborhood.



JICNNIF. BUELL.





IONIA POMONA.





 





Danby, Sebewa, Berlin, South Bos-

ton, Orleans and Keene Grange were

represented at Blanchard’s ball when

the Ionia County Pomona Grange met





with the Portland society recently.

Danby Grange won the pennant for

the largest foreign representation,

sending 11 members to the meeting.

The various sessions were highly in-

structive and thoroughly enjoyed by

the Grangers and invited friends.

Following a big dinner, at which

time plates were- laid for 80, the at-

ternoon program began with the ad-





dress of welcome by Master Joseph ,





Morse, of the Portland Grange. Fred

Eddy, master of the Pomona Grange,

responded. The reports of the var-

ious subordinate Granges were read,

some of them showing great progress

along the line of gains in member-

ship, etc. The chief topics of the af-

ternoon session were “Ideals,” by Mr.

McClure, of Lansing, and “Does the

Strong and Faithful Tie of Agricul-

V. W. Clark, of

Keene. Supt. Gourlay, of the Port-

land schools, favored the Grangers

With a couple of good readings, and

Mrs. Daniels and Mr. Clark rendered

a vocal duet.



_Like the afternoon session, the eve-

ning program began at the close of

the supper, which was served to up

wards of 05. Charles Lindquist, of

Sunfield, was assigned the topic, “Are

the Present Rural School System and

Teachers' Factors in Drawing Pupils

from the Farm?” and handled it in

a very commendable manner. “Is the

Study of Sanitation, Foods, etc,

Worth While to the Farmer’s Wife?”

was discussed by Fred Eddy, both

topIcs being followed by general dis-

cuss1ons. Mr. McClure’s evening

subject was “You,” in which he drove

home some facts with convincing"

forcefulness. Wade Allen, of Ionia,

gave a reading, and Miss Lucinda.





Munroe rendered a vocal solo which‘





brought pronounced applause. All in

all, the meeting was most enjoyable,

and members of visiting Granges will

look forward to the next meeting of

the county society in Portland.



Charlevoix Pomona Grange will

meet with Ironton Grange on Thurs-

day, April 9. Prof. L. R. Taft, of Lan~

sing, Superintendent of the State

Farmers’ Institute Society, will be

the principal speaker and will speak

in the morning as well as in the af-

ternoon and evening.





 





 





 





 





 





 





pz’dure record \





of your methods of drain-

age and tillage and of your

growing crops—with and

without fertilizers. Such

a record will enable you to

study and improve the con-

ditions governing their

growth and will help you

to better profits next year.



Let the Kodak at $6.00

and up, or the Brownie

from $1.00 to $12.00 keep

the record.





Your dealer has them. Asia for a catalogue,

or we will send itfree by mail.





EASTMAN KODAK CO.,





389 State Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y.





 





 





 





 

 

 





 

 

 





 





Where

M en of

Ambfimn





ProsPer





OWHERE

is ambition

rewarded more

generously than

inthe Southeast.

Small capital.

and energy will

accomplish wonder-

ful results for you in

this favored land.





Dairying, trucking. fruit growing, poultry

raising and general farming are making South-

ern farmers independent.





Land from $15 an Acre Up





Plenty of rain and ample sunshine every

month. irrigation unnecessary. Growing season

from 7 to 10 months duration. Two and three

crops raised annually. Local markets plentiful

and profitable. Early vegetables and fruit bring

high prices in Northern cities.



Modem schools and highways, good churches.

rural telephones. healthful climate and delightful

summers and winters make the South the most

desirable location in America for Homescckcrs.





Learn How to Make Money

Semi for {he "Souihem





Field" magazine, boo -





 

   

 





   

   

 





   

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





his and farm lists which M obi I 6:

give the whole facts. e0hio PP.

M. V. RICHARDS I

i and and Industrial Agent 860 “2h e H; R)"

M 76 Immac. Lola-lo





 

   





Ry.





Send No Money





. harness, insurers?

naowouoeeugeoour -

BREAK," halter. Made of Elk Leather.





Used by Buffalo Bill-Sells Floto Shows, Den-

ver Fire Department, American and Adams

Express Companies.





Regular dealer’s price $3.00

For advertising purposes we

will send you a sample halter

for $1.75 DIRECT FROM

FACTORY ONLY.



Send no money unless

you care to do 30.

Should cash accompany

order we will send you

I HALTER for $1.50

01'4 HALTERS FOR



If you decide upon ex~

aminaation that you

don't want them your

depostilt wifll dbe

. prom re un d

and shipment returned at ourpexgense. e



Don’t wait. Write today.

The Leather Products Co.

1374 Acoma St., - Denver, Colo.





This Automobile

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Como who mes our—'33



and unlike for agency. 10 lawman you to be

e our expert repair loan, auto salmon. Answer

“hauntin- and get a diploma. Diploma It! you

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fihcoq.m..c.LWomldHM-g

Q 530 M Building. Chicago
Top notch butter is mostly “

up to the cow—and the salt





Is your dairy salt as good as

your cream?





You will find a big difference

in flavor—between merely salt-

ing your butter and ”/ora'xttr

.S'alting it.





Expert dairymen are “on" to

this. They use nothing but

Worcester Salt because its

pure, even grains are easy to

work in—and quick to bring

out the full flavor——





And‘you know fine flavor

and high prices always go

together.





WORCESTER

SALT





The Salt will: the Savor





Worcester Salt is also best

for cooking and table use. Its

snow white crystals are genu-

inely salty. Have the wife try it.





Send your dealer’s name and

address and we will mail you a

free copy of booklet, “Butter-

making on the Farm.”





Worcester Salt comes in 28

and 56 pound Irish linen bags

for dairy use. Smaller bags

down to the Sc size for home use.





WORCESTER SALT COMPANY

Largest Producers of High-Grade





 





Salt in the World.

NEW YORK





 





 





       





How To Byv

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SE the same judgment buying 3 ,

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chasmg machinery about the '

farm, and you'll get a mic that is "

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that Will not rot. rust. warp or ‘ ‘.

crumble—one that needs no point ',

or trouble-making hoops— one

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able—one that will . ’





 

 

 

 

 





these particulars. you will regret .'

your purchase. ,2? in“

So far as we know the ‘ v.1." 7"





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DAVENPORT BRICK & TILE COMPANY

362 W. 3rd 81.. Jill"! IEIWIALD. lu'y. Davenport. Iowa





 





 





 





 





The Proof of Any

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ue'rnsey





THE FREE GUERNSEY BOOKLET contains

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THE-MICHIGAN





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|Illllllllllll||lllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||lllllllllllllllllllllllfill





Farm Commerceé





HHillilIilllll|llllllllIlllllllIIHHIlill]l|lllill||HillllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllll|||IIllllllllllllllillllllllli!llIllIlllllllllllllllillllllllllllHllHI!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llillll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





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F‘ARMER





Reducing Marketing Expenses.





XPERTS who have made a care-

ful study and investigation of

the transportation problem

agree that it costs too much to dis-

tribute farm products after they reach

the city terminals. It is found that

the cost of city distribution frequent-

ly exceeds the cost of producing them

on the farm. To put it the other way,

the farmer gets for his products but

little more than it costs to deliver

them from the city freight terminals

to the consumer. Just here is the

proper point of attack in solving a.

very complex marketing problem. So

long as it is costing the city dweller

as much to get his foodstuffs from the

city freight terminals to his home, it

shows a woeful lack of intelligence

for him to talk about the inefficiency

of the farmer. It is the city that

needs to clean house.

An Example. -

The problem of city distribution

works as follows, to give a concrete

case: A farmer living within eighty

miles from one of our large cities

ships five bushels of potatoes and a

barrel of apples to a mechanic who

lives four miles from the freight ter-

minal. Potatoes are worth, perhaps,

35 cents per bushel and the apples

$1.25 per barrel, or a total of $3. The

freight charges will amount to ap-

proximately 60 cents. The trucking

charges from the freight terminal 10

the home of the mechanic, will

amount to, at least, $3. If the pro-

duce is sent by express the cost of

city delivery will be eliminated, but

a higher rate means practically The

same charges between the producer’s

farm and the mechanic’s house. Years

ago before the cities began to spread

on all sides and annex surrounding

territory, the problem of handling

farm products after they reached the

city terminals was less complex.

A Civic Condition.





The automobile and trolley have

had a marked tendency to develop

new residence districts and induce





manufacturing firms to buy sites in

the outskirts of large cities. All of

this has removed the city dwellers

further from markets and freight tern

minals than they were before these

improved transportation facilities en-

abled people to ride to and from their

work and blisiness in the city. Not

long ago the city authorities of a

large eastern city set an expert at

work to investigate the local market

and distribution problem. \thn he

made his report be attached great

importance to the fact that it cost too

much to handle farm products after

they reach the city terminals. One

of the best solutions of the problem

would be that of utilizing the trolley

lines to distribute freight as well as

passengers within the city limits.

An Unused Factor.



As farmers and business men we

would look upon the man who made

his kitchen garden at the farthest

end of his farm as somewhat of a

curiosity, yet city dwellers, who brand

the farmer as the antithesis of effi—

ciency, have given practically no at-

tention to the problem of bringing

their food supplies within easy access

to their homes. The fact that the

steam roads derive more than three-

fourths of their income from freight,

and that trolley lines derive 98 per

cent of their income from carrying

passengers, and that all of these pas-

sengers have homes somewhere, af-

fords considerable food for thought

to the student of the transportation

problem.



Will it Interfere with Regular



Service?

Some will claim that trolley sys-





 





tems cannot afford to impair the effi-

ciency of their passenger service by

handling freight. Let us see if this

claim holds good, and, if not, how a

better distributing system could be

devised for farm products after they

reach the city. Would it not be prac-

tical and profitable for trolley sys-

tems to carry freight from 12 o’clock

at night until the rush of morning

traffic begins? By establishing freight

terminals in the residence sections

they could carry farm products

cheaply and efficiently at a very low

rate, thus serving as the connecting

link between the farmer and city

dweller. Some will argue that it will

cause a congestion of traffic but this

does not hold good, because it would

reduce the number of power-vehicles

(Continued on page 414).

ADJUSTMENT OF OUR DAIRY

MARKETS.



It appears that there is a change

going on in the markets for dairy pro-

ducts. ln the butter industry we seem

to be approaching a new epoch, one

where the price of butter will not

rule so high as during the past few

years. it is probable that the removal

of the tax on butter is bringing this

about. Our markets have recently at-

tracted the attention of the foreigner,

and quite an amount of butter has

been shipped here. from other shores.

Fer this reason. largely, butter values

have dropped earlier this year than

in former seasons.



But we must not lay all the blame

for the change. at the door of read-

justments in national policies, for it

must be admitted that the quality of

the butter being delivered by the

creamerics of this and other states

has not been of the best. A large

per cent of the butter produced is low

grade. Such butter is bound to move

slowly. \R'hile the commission men

have tried to hold up the market in

former years by paying more than

they ought for the inferior grades of

butter, the burden has now become

too heavy; so that at present they

are grading the butter they handle

on the basis of the butter market

prices and paying for it according to

quality. The result has been that

the low grades of butter have lost the

creamerics some money. This, to-

gether with the fact that foreign but-





ter is seeking a market here, and also.





that oleomargarine is a substitute for

the low grades of butter, is bringing

about the crisis in the butter market.



The solution of the problem seems

to lie in improvingthe quality of our

butter. This must be done and it can

be done, by the creameries paying for

cream according to quality, the same

as the commission man is now pay-

ing for butter. It can be done in no

other way. The farmer will not take

the pains to produce an extra quality

of cream for the creamery.when he

is paid no more for good cream than

he is for poor cream. It is really the

duty of the creamery to see to it that

the man who takes the proper care

of his cream should get proper remu-

neration. This will avert a crisis in

the butter industry and place it upon

a foundation that will defy foreign

competition. It is better for the Am-

erican people to eat American butter

than it is for them to eat foreign

butter. In fact, it is their duty to eat

American butter. On the other hand,

it is the duty of the American farmer

to produce butter at a moderate price

and of good quality. The tax ought

not to have been removed, but if the

removing of it hastens the day that





APRIL 4, 1914.





will bring about an improvement on

much of the butter produced, then it

may be a blessing in disguise.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





MARKETING COTTAGE CHEESE.





 





Can you tell me if it is possible for

one to work up a trade in selling

cottage cheese, and how could one

make deliveries Where he cannot go

and deliver in person?



Monroe Co. R. S.



It is possible to secure customers

who will take cottage cheese regu-

larly, both where it is delivered in

person and where sent by parcel post.

While all nationalities are beginning

to use cottage cheese more liberally

because of the healthful influence eat-

ing it has on the human system, and

also because it is liked after they

have tasted it a few times, one is

most certain to find a lively demand

for a good product in German settle‘

ments. Usually it is sufficient to get

started with a family or so, after

which the merit of the cheese you de-

liver will either end your trade or

cause it to develop as the satisfied

customers tell their friends of it.



But the other day we received a

shipment from B. L. Snook, of Lapeer

county, who is supplying a trade by

parcel post. He leaves but a small

amount of moisture in the cheese so

that the postage will be reduced, and

as he makes his from skim-milk it is

left for the consumer to mix cream

with the cheese to suit his peculiar

taste, both as to the amount of mois-

ture and cream he desires incorpor-

ated. For us, the arrangement is very

satisfactory. It is likely that where

one would ship such cheese to new





parties he would need to explain how '





to prepare the cheese lest they be.

come dissastified without cause.



The lots sent by Mr. Snook were

divided into pound parcels, each

pound inclosed in a parchment pack-

age, with a cover fitted over the top

to exclude the air. Two, four, six or

any even number of the pound pack-

ages are enclosed in a corrugated

pasteboard box wrapped with twine

and sent by parcel post. The reason

that he sends even numbers of pounds

is that itis more difficult to pack

an odd number.



Besides the convenience in ship-

ping, the parchment packages have

the advantage of keeping the cheese

well after it is in the hands of the

consumer. Air is kept away from the

contents of remaining packages, while

the first are being used, which pre-

vents the development and multipli-

cation of undesirable ferments. This

is an important point, since it ena-

bles one to send a larger quantity at

one lime, thereby reducing the cost

of transportation.



It is observed that in working up

markets of this kind the person who

is not easily discouraged is the one

who usually succeeds in getting a

trade that others afterwards envy him

for. One should go after such 3. mar-

ket determined to make good, and

toward this end lie-should seek to

make the very best product and to

serve his patrons with the closest at-

tention. ‘58





 





CLIPPED LAMBS ARE NOW COM-

lNG FORWARD.





Shearing operations have been go-

ing forward steadily in the large





feeding stations near Chicago, and al- ,





ready limited numbers of clipped

lambs have shown up in the market,

meeting with an unfavorble recep-

tion, as is always the rule before set-

tled warm weather sets in. Clipped

flocks offered on the Chicago market

have been selling at a big discount

from prices paid for wooled lots, with

only one packer buying. However, it

will not be very long now before con-

ditions are reversed, for shearing is

general where, sheepmen are going to

hold their lambs and sheep for longer

feeding, and by the time it is warm

the wooled flocks will be selling at a.

discount.





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APRIL 4, 1914.. _





Crop and_Market N Otes.





Michigan.



Lapeer Co.——We have had some dis-

agreeable Weather recently, and the

wheat fields look brown and seem to

be having hard usage. There have

been more auctions this year than

have been known for a number of

years. Eggs, potatoes and butter

have taken a decided drop in price.

Stock of all kinds is looking well.

There is a considerable amount of

beans and potatoes still in the farm-

ers’ hands. Clover seed, medium, sells

for $8.



Northern Isabella and Southern

Clare Co.’s—Warmer weather and the

snow nearly gone, and the roads are

quite bad, but if the farmers listen to

the good roads men we will have bet

ter reads soon. Clare and Isabella

counties both vote 011 whether they

will adopt the county road commis-

sioner system, and the outlok in Isa-

bella county looks as though the vot-

ers will hold to the township system,

while Clare looks as though the prop

osition would carry. Clare county a1-

so votes on local Option this spring,

after 15 years in the dry column, with

good prospects of remaining dry.

Beans being kept down to $1.60 by

the association and not many market-

ed at the present time. Hay selling

from $10@12; oats 35c; cream 25c;

butter 250; auction sales numerous

and all kinds of stock selling well.



New York.



Columbia Co.——The severe weather

the past season froze potatoes in cel-

lars heretofore considered frostproof.

Apples have rotted badly. Twenty

inches of snow still covers the

ground, something very unusual for

this time of year. Rye looked well

when the snow came. Very little haul-

ing has been done, roads having been





blocked with snow. A little rye straw-





is being delivered at our station at

about $15. Potatoes are worth $1;

butter 340; eggs 30c.



’Niagara Co.—We are having fine

weather and there is plenty of water

running. Some roads are good, and

others flooded, according to drainage.

Meadows are in good shape yet and

no heaving. Spraying will commence

as soon as the ground is fit to hold up

rig. 'Lime-sulphur 10@120; gasoline

21c. Hens are laying well and some

are setting. Eggs 25c; butter 20c;

hay, best grade $13; mixed clover

hay $7.50; oats 500 per bu; wheat

950; cloverseed $10.50 per cwt; tim.

othy $3.25; ground feed $33 per ton;

potatoes 900; calves and hogs $7@9.



Nebraska.



Cass Co.——The weather is warm and

fine, but there is considerable frost in

the ground yet, Roads are getting dry

again. A little farm work has been

commenced. Some consider the wheat

badly injured, but here we consider

it in fine condition. If the weather

continues warm, spring wheat and

oats will soon be sown. Stock of all

kinds is in healthy condition. Horses

are not in great demand and are

cheaper. Cattle are still high. Wheat

80¢; corn 58c; oats 400; hay $7@10;

butter 20c; eggs '200; hogs $8.



Scotts Bluff Co.—-The weather is

warm and the frost is about all out of

the ground, and farmers are getting

ready for spring work. There is very

little sold except potatoes and alfalfa

hay. Potatoes bring 90c per cwt. at

car; hay, good grades $8@11 on the

track. A good many fat sheep are

being shipped. Feeders are not mak-

ing as much as last year. There is

no grain for sale; corn is being ship—

ped in at $1.35 per cwt. There are

many public sales, and everything,

especially cows and hogs, sell high.



Dodge Cor—We have had a few cold

days this month, but are having fine

weather now. The frost is going out

of the ground, and farmers are get-

‘ting ready to prepare the ground for

’seeding oats. Meadows are in good

.condition, and the wheat looks good

for the time of year. A few farmers

have been selling corn for 560 per

bushel and hogs for $7.75 per cwt.,

and some are selling cats at _35c. The

hens have begun to lay; eggs 20c;

butter 25c.



Ohio.





Shelby Co.—We are having open

weather with a few showers. The

wheat is found to be badly- damaged

by the severe weather of February, as

it was not protected with snow. Clo-

ver is also badly injured. Hens are

beginning to lay well. Milch cows

are scarce and high. Horses bring

high prices at public sales this spring.

Wheat 920; oats 36c; corn 80c per

cwt; eggs 20c; butter 25c; cloverseed

7@7.50.





Guernsey Co.~Winter wheat and

young grass wintered well. We have

had a few light snowfalls and little

rain, with cold weather the past





month. Frost is about all out of the

ground. Hens are, laying well gener-

ifllyggnd the price of 8888 is 300; but-

er 0.





 





Assessors are making their -





. THE MICHIGAN FARMER





annual rounds, and more personal

property is being listed under the

Warner law. Tax dodgers are begin-

ning to sit up and take notice and are

coming across. Not much hay and

grain are being marketed. Potatoes

bring $1 retail. Marketers are mar-

keting nothing but produce and milk,

this section being engaged mostly in

dairying.



Crawford Co.—The snow is all gone

and we are having nice spring weath-

er. The roads are muddy and almost

impassible for heavy hauling. Farm-

ers are busy building fence and prun-

ing fruit trees, and are preparing to

spray. The heavy covering of snow

was a great benefit to meadows and

winter grains, which now seem to be

in fine condition, and are not pulled

out by the frost. There are some hogs

and grain being marketed, though

some grain is being held for higher

prices. Hens are laying well, and the

price of eggs has decreased.



Hancock Co.—Wheat and rye are in

fine condiiton, although damaged a

little by cold weather. Meadows are

fine, and will make a good crop of

hay. Very little live stock is mar-

keted. Cattle $6.50@8; hogs $8.50.

Hens are laying well; eggs 180. The

assessors are making their calls on

the farmers, and there is much dissat-

isfaction, this being the first year that

the VVarneer tax law is in force.



Clermont Co.——Meadows, wheat and

rye are in fine condition. Seed wheat

brings $1.15 per bushel; corn 65@75c.

Eggs are still scarce, price is 280;

butter 28@300. Some are stripping to-

bacco. Some farmers have most of

their plowing done. There have been

a number of sales this month, with

horses and cows bringing good prices,





some thoroughbred Jersey cows sell:





ing for $100 each. ,



Greene Co.-——There have been an un-

usual number of public sales recently,

everything selling high. Winter grains

have come through the winter in good

condition. There is very little being

marketed now. Maple syrup is being

made, selling at $1@1.50 per gallon.

Hens are laying well now, and the

price of eggs has dropped to 240. The

roads are good, and the drag is being

tried for the first time this year.

to become in better condition.





Coshocton Co.——Wheat prospects

are very bright, and meadOWs have

not been injured by winter. During

the first few days of March we had

zero weather, but now it is like

spring. All stock is coming through

the winter in good shape. Farmers

are marketing hay and wheat. The

horse market is dull, but hogs and





cattle bring good prices at sales.

Hens are laying well now. Hogs

$8.25@8.50, live: dressed $11; veals

$8@9.50; chickens 14c; cloverseed

$8.50@9; corn 70@750: oats 40c;

wheat 950; hay $14@15.



Medina Co.——-On account of the





large amount of snow covering the

fields all winter, Wheat and meadOWS

were never in better shape for the

time of year. Some sugar bushes

have been opened, but prospcts are

rather poor. A good many farmers

are buying feed for their stock.

There is scarcely any hay, corn or

oats for sale, though some wheat is

sold. Wheat 94c; pork, of which

there is considerable, is being sold

at 8%c; beef 6@71/zc: chickens 17c;

eggs 25c; butter 23c; milk 180 per

gallon.



Hancock Co—The weather is Very

pleasant, and. the frost is almost all

out of the ground. Roads are drying

in fine shape, and much scraping is

being done. Meadows are looking

very good, but wheat and rye are in-

jured some by frost. Many farmers

are sowing cloverseed, which sells

for $8 50 per bushel. About all grain

and live stock has been marketed.

Hogs $8.50: cattle $7.50@8.50; cows

scarce and high in price. Many hors«

es are being shipped in from Iowa,

and sell at $200@250 each. Hens are

laying splendidly, eggs 25c; butter

200 per pound.



Indiana. .



‘ Allen Co.——Big reductions have re-

cently been made in butter and egg

prices, and wholesale dealers antici~

pate a further decline. The price

of onions is now high, due to scarcity

and,will not go lower until the new

crop arrives from Texas. Apples

are lower in price, as the stock is

not as good as formerly. Potatoes

are steady and no change in prices is

looked for. Wheat 920; oats 39@45c;

corn 60@63c; first-class hay in good

demand at $12@14.



Noble Co.-—Snow all gone, and the

wheat is looking fine, though some

shows damage by fly. Roads are





very d, and no heavy hauling can

be done. Public sales are very nu-

merous, and farmers seem anxious





to buy. brood soWs and milch coWs.

On accbunt of last year's poor crop,

two-year-old seed oats are selling for

from 50@80c per bushel; hay $12@

18; wheat 92c; oats 36@40c; corn

(Continued on page 408).





ing the draft. We make





23—407 '





cutaway ‘ Disk Harrows





Work Up The Soil Fin:

Than Other HarrowyAnd Are Lighter Draft





For more than a quarter century we have been making CUTAWAY

(CLARK) disk harrows for men who want to till their land more

thoroughly, more intensively, than is generally practised. Today

CUTAWAY (CLARK) implements are the standard of real worth.

They are constructed with utter disregard of the de51gns followed

by makers of other disk harrows. They are built to pulverize the

soil finer than other harrows will do, and to do it Without increas-





OVER 100 STYLES AND SIZES





them.





(CLARK) implements.





harrow or plow.

If we have no dealer

there, write to us for

catalog. We ship di-

rect where we are not "

represented by an agent.

accept a substitute.





Write today for free book





fir





 





Don’t





of CUTAWAY (CLARK) disk harrows and plows. _ _ _

whether he has but one small horse or a large tractor engine With which to pull

it. Tell us what your needs are and we will

tell you about the tool best adapted for

If you believe in more intensive till-

age of the soil, then you believe in CUTAWAY

Ask the CUTAWAY





dealer in your town to show you a CUTAWAY





. l "I‘A “IAY ~ :

, .. _\ Nu F

\ > .- M, > 7





“The Soil and lntensiveTillage”





Our booklet, “ The Soil and Intensive Tillage,"

illustrates CUTAWAY (CLARK) tools and contains ten





We have one for every farmer





 





The Dish:

Are Ease!

Sharp





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





\





   





pages of valuable information on the soil—its chemical and physical properties—





the feeding of plants, and intensive tillage. There is also an article by Professor





G. B. Upton of, Cornell University on the CUTAWAY (CLARK) Forged-edge Disk.





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Maker of the original CLARK disk barrows and plows





 





 

 

 

 

 





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GRAINS AND SEEDS.





 





March 31, 1914.

Wheat—Although the market has

shown some strength during the past

week, on Monday and Tuesday it





weakened under favorable weather

conditions. All over the winter wheat

district there has been a sufficient

fall of rain to satisfy the growing

plant. The bullish news is from

abroad, Russia is not exporting her

usual amount and Argentine has a

visible supply of about one-sixth of

that of a year ago. However, Liver-

pool and other foreign markets ap-

pear to be influenced by the good

crop prospects in this country. For

this date in 1913 the price for No. 2

red wheat was $18414 per bu. Last

week’s quotations are:

No.2 No.1





Red. White. May.

W’ednesday . . .98% 97% 1.00

Thursday . . . . .98% 97% 1.00

Friday .......... 98 % 97 % 1.00

Saturday ........ 98 % 98 99%

Monday ......... 98 97% 991,3,

Tuesday .. . . . . ...97%, 97% 983/4,

Chicago, (March 31).——No. 2 red





wheat $93@93%c; May 911/80; July

86950 per bu.



Corn.——This cereal suffered with

wheat, experiencing a decline of a

cent, although retaining a substantial

portion of the previous week’s ad-

vance. Ideal weather is helping the

buyers to work values lower. One

year ago the price on the local mar-

ket was 53c for No. 3 corn. Quota.

tions for the week are:





No. 2 No. 2



Mixed Yellow.



Wednesday ......... 67 % 69 %



Thursday ........... 67 % 96%



Friday ............. 67 % 69 %



Saturday ........... 67 % 69 %

Monday ............ 67 69



Tuesday ............ 66 % 68%



Chicago, (March 31) .——May corn.





67%0; July 67%c; Sept, 67c per bu



Oats.—In Missouri and other states

of the same latitude oat seeding is

well along and the acreage will be

fairly large. Prices here are down

with those of the other two major

grains. Demand is normal. One year

ago the quotation for standard oats





was 360. Values for the past week

were:

No.3

Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 42 42

Thursday ........... 42% 42

Friday ............. 42% 42

Saturday ........... 42% 42

Monday ............ 2 41%

Tuesday 2 41%





............ 4 ,



Chicago, (March 31).——May oats

38%0; July, 38c; Sept, 37%0 per bu.



Beans.-—An improved demand ex-

ists and prices have gone up 10 cents.

The local board of trade quotes im-

mediate and prompt shipments at

$1.92; May $1.97 per bushel. Chlcago

reports a steady trade. Pea beans,

hand-picked, choice, are steadyat $2;

common $1.75@1.85; red kidneys,

choice $2.80. .



Rye.—This cereal is steady. No. 2

is quoted at 68%c per bu.



Barley.——At Chicago barley rules

easy and is quoted at 49@62c per bu.,

while Milwaukee quotes the maltmg

grades at from 52@680. . .



Timothy.—~Prime spot is selling at

$2.30 per bu.



AIfalfa.—---Stea(ly at $7.25 per bu.



Cioverseed.—»Values are IOWer again.

Prime spot $8.25 per bu; alsike at

$10.25; Toledo prime cash is quoted

at $8.22% and prime alsike at $10.40.





 





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flour.—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detr01t

market per 196 lbs. as follows: Rest

patent $5.30; second $5; stralght

$4.75; spring patent $5.10; rye flour

$4.40 per bbl. _



Feed.—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $29; coarse middlings $28;

fine middlings $30; cracked corn $30;

coarse corn meal $29; corn and oat

chop $26.50 per ton. _



Hay—Demand steady and prices

higher. Carlots on track at Detroit

are: No. 1 timothy $15@15.50; stan-

dard $14@14.50; No. 2, $12.50@13.50;

light mixed $14@14.50; No. 1 mixed

$12.50@13; No. 1 clover $12@12.50.



New York—The market continues

steady. No. 1 timothy $20.50@21.50;

No. 3 standard $15@20; light clover,

mixed $18@19; clover $17@18 per





ton for the large bales. .

Chicago—Prices here rule higher.

Choice timothy is quoted at $17@

$18 per ton; No. 1, $15@16; No. 2

$12@13.50.

Straw—Steady.





Rye $7.50@8; oat





straw $7@7.50; wheat straw $7@7.50

per ton.



New York—Rye straw $17@19; oat

straw $11 per ton.



Chicago.——Rye straw is quotable

here at $7.50@8; oat straw $6.50@7;

wheat straw $6.50@7 per ton.





 





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Butter.—Market quiet with prices

1%c lower. Extra creamery 24%c per

lb; firsts 231/2; dairy 17c; packing

stock 14c.



Chicago—Market is fairly steady,

although trade is slow. Prices are

1%c lower than last week. Extra

creamery 24%c; extra firsts 23%@

23%c; firsts 21@22c; seconds 19@

20c; ladles 17@18c; packing stock

16c per lb.



Elgin.—Market is weak at 24%@

25%0 per 1b., which is over lc lower

than last week.



New York—The market is weak

with prices 1%c lower than last

week. Creamery extras 25@25%c;

firsts 23%@24%c: seconds 22@23c;

packing stock 15%@160 per lb.



Eggs—Market active’ with prices

1540 higher than last week. Current

receipts of fresh stock are quoted at

18340 per dozen.



Chicago—Conditions on the mar-

ket are about the same as last week.

Demand is not quite so urgent and

prices are a little lower. Miscellan-

eous lots, cases included, 17@180;

ordinary firsts 17@17%c; firsts 17%

@180; seconds 15%.@16c.



New York—Receipts last week ex-

ceeded the demand and prices are

about 20 lower. Fresh gathered ex-

tras 220; extra firsts 210; firsts 193/4

@20%c.



Poultry.——Light receipts make mar-

ket strong and holds prices up. No

change in prices. Live—Springs 180;

hens 180; turkeys 18@19c; geese 15

@160; ducks 17@18c.



Chicago—The market is steady and

prices are, slightly higher on account

of light receipts. Turkeys, hens and

springs have advanced lc. Quota-

tions on live are: Turkeys, good

weight 16c; others 12c; fowls, choice

180; spring chickens 18c; geese 120;

ducks 16@17c per lb.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.—The demand is good and

prices are unchanged. No. 1 $5.50@

6.50; No. 2, $4@4.50 per bbl. In Chi-

cago the market is quiet. The sales

are only in small lots and even such

demand is tame. Prices have not

changed, although some stock has to

be sold at a discount. Barrel stock

is quoted: No. 1 Jonathans $6@7;

Spies $5.50@6; Baldwins $5@5.75.



Potatoes.—Market is firm,

prices unchanged. Quotations: In

bulk 55@58c per bu; in sacks 60@

630 per bu. for carlots. At Chicago

the market is firm, although the trade

is quiet. Prices are slightly higher.

Good Michigan white stock is quoted

at 60@65c per bu. In New York good

Michigan stock is quoted at 740 per

bushel in carlots, but there is little

demand for it as the quality is not as

good as last year.



Cabbage—Steady with prices un-

changed. Good quality is quoted at

$3@3.25 per bbl. At Chicago the de-

mand is only fair. Prices are about

the same. Holland or Red $1.50@

1.75 per bbl., $20@22.50 per ton, ac-

cording to quality. In New York good

stock of Danish or Holland sells at

$25@27 per ton in the yards. Much

of the old stock arrives in poor con-

dition and has to be trimmed.



Onions.—The local market is steady

with prices unchanged. Quoted at

$3.25@3.50 per sack for yellow and

$1.75 per crate for Spanish. At Chi-

cago the market is weak. Holders

are getting anxious to get rid of old

stock as the new is beginning to

come. Good yellow sells for $2.50@

2.75 per sack and Spanish at $1.75

per crate.





I GRAND RAPIDS.





 





The egg market opens this week at

16@16%c and is subject to change

daily. Dairy butter is quoted at 180.

In meats, dressed hogs are worth 10

@10%c; live fowls 15@16%c; grain

prices are as follows: Wheat 910;

oats 390; corn 65c; beans $1.60. Hay

on the city market sells at $15@18;

straw $9@11.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





The volume of trading done here

has changed little and prices are

maintained at recent levels. The mar-

ket is firm with ample buyers coming

to absorb the offerings. Potatoes are

selling at 75@80c per bu; apples at

$1.50@2.25 per bu; parsnips $1; car-

rots 700; hens were sold from $2@

2.40 per pair; radishes 10c per large

bunch; onions 150 per bunch. Loose

hay still rules at $13@17 per tan.





with.





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Buffalo;

March 30, 1914.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as

follows: Cattle 170 cars; hogs 100

double decks; sheep and lambs 59

double decks; calves 1250 head.



With 170 cars of cattle on our mar-

ket here today, and 20,000 reported in

Chicago, and lower there, and a con-

stant downpour of cold rain here to-

day, our cattle market was all the

way from 15@25c per cwt. lower

than last Monday, and at the close

there is at least a dozen loads of

good weight good cattle here unsold.

With unfavorable weather and a bad

beef trade, the present prospects are

not at all good for any advance in

prices in the near future.



Receipts of hogs here today will be

about 100 double decks, all told. De-

mand was good for all grades, and

the trade full strong to a shade high-

er than Saturday’s average. Pigs sold

at $9@9.10, and all other grades at

$9.20 generally. Roughs $8@8.50;

stags $7@7.50. Trading fair‘fy active,

but close was a little slow and out-

look is not very encouraging for the

near future.



The market was active today on

both lambs and sheep. Prices 200

higher than the close of last week.

Choice handy lambs selling mostly at

$8.85. We do not think these prices

safe and look for shade lower prices

on lambs last of week.



We quote: Choice lambs $8.75@

8.85; heavy lambs $8.25@8.50; cull to

fair lambs, $7@8.50; yearlings $7.50

@8; bucks $4.50@5.25; handy ewes

$6.50@6.65; heavy do, $6@6.25; weth-

ers $7@7.25; cull sheep $4.50@5.75;

veals, choice to extra $10.75@11; fair

to good $8.50@10.50; heavy calves

$5.50@8.





 





Chicago.

March 30, 1914.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.





Receipts today..21,000 33,000 22,000

Same day 1913...19,347 55,898 16,969

Last week ....40,726 122,359 101,971

Same w’k 1913..38,580 121,059 75,237



This is a “blue Monday” in the cat-

tle trade, aside from some early sales

of fat butcher stock at firm prices. At

a late hour very few steers had been

sold, and telegrams were sent out by





commission merchants to the country





calling prices 10@15c lower, although

a few sales were made at steady val-

ues. Hogs opened 50 higher, with

sales at $8.35@8.75, but later the ad-

vance was lost. Hogs marketed last

week averaged 236 lbs. Sheep and

lambs were called 150 or more high-

er, with sellers asking much higher

prices than buyers felt like paying.

For .fat lambs $8.50 was bid, and

prime Colorados were held at $8.75.

About 5,000 clipped sheep and lambs

showed up and shared in the ad-

vance, with a better demand. Feed-

ing lambs of good quality brought

$7.35, and a sale was made of 24 Iowa

46—lb. spring lambs at 140 per 1b., the

first sale of the year.



Cattle have been slow to develop

firmness in prices recently, and larg-

er consumption of beef throughout

the country is required to put the

market on a solid basis once more.

Only 14,935 head arrived on Monday

last week, following meager supplies

for the preceding week, yet prices

were no more than steady for steers

going below $9 and but a dime higher

for steers selling at $9 and upward,

with fat butcher stock going 10@150

higher. Prime beeves were scarce all

the week, and $9.40 bought the best

cattle on Monday, with the exception

of prime Nebraska Herefords that

weighed from 1545 to 1600 lbs and

brought $9.70. The Wednesday mar-

ket was anywhere from 10@25c lower

than on Monday, although only 17,849

were received, and a small Thursday

run failed to bring about much of a

rally. The bulk of the beef steers of-

fered during the week brought $7.75

@9, with choice heavy steers taken

at $9@9.60, while common to fair

light steers sold at $7@7.95, with me-

dium to good lots at $8@8.35 and

good to choice heavy steers at $8.40@

8.95. Good to prime yearling steers

found buyers at $8.35@9.25, and there

was a good outlet for butchering cows

and heifers at $5.15@8.50, with a few

head of superior yearling heifers at

$8.60@9.25. Canners went at $3.40@

4.60, cutters at $4.65@5-10 and b11118

at $5.30@7.90. A depressed market

for calves resulted from increasing

supplies from dairy districts, with

sales ranging at $4.50@8.50, but later

smaller offerings caused a rally to

$9.25 for the best. Stockers and feed-

ers were in as large request as could

have been expected at such high

prices for the choicer class, sales be-

ing made at $5.75@8.10, with a car of

prime feeders that averaged 1160 lbs.

and a car of 24 little yearlings that





averaged but 543 lbs. both going at

$8.10. Milch cows sold moderately at

$55@85 per head.



Hogs were marketed less freely last





week, as declining prices caused own- .





ers to hold back shipments until ral-

lies should take place. Sentiment

among stockmen throughout the corn

belt is apparently as optimistic as ev-

er, and liberal country shipments are

seen only when values are near the

top figures for the year, the top so far

being $9. As a rule, a good eastern

shipping demand is needed to develop

much firmness, and when this outlet

falls off, local packers are likely to

exercise their power by putting the

market lower. The hogs coming to

market are mostly superior in qual-

ity, and the bulk sell daily near the

highest quotations, with choice light

weights and prime medium butcher

weights selling at the highest figures,

while heavy hogs are fetching a dis-

count. This is due mainly to the rap-

id increase in the average weight of

the hogs offered, it having risen re-

cently in a single week from 232 to

236 lbs., this comparing with an av-

erage of 242 lbs. one year ago, 219

lbs. two years ago, and 240 lbs. three

years ago. Packers are manufactur-

ing great quantities of fresh meats to

meet the big demand, and provisions

are active also. The close of the week

saw hogs sell at $8.25@8.70, compar-

ing with $8.45@8.77% a week earlier.

Pigs closed at $7@8.60 and stags at

$8.80@9.30.



Sheep and lambs of quality sold ex-

tremely well last week, a good gen-

eral local and shipping demand put-

ting prices on a much higher level.

Wooled lambs rose to $8.40 per 100

lbs. for the best, while yearlings sold

up to $7.50 and best wethers up to

$6.85, the top price for the month.

Shorn flocks came forward in some-

what larger numbers and sold at the

usual discount from prices paid for

unshorn stock, while bringing much

higher values than a week earlier.

Sheep and yearlings comprised so

small a proportion of the offerings

that they were apt to advance faster

than lambs. Demand for feeders was

strong at firm values. Colorado fur-

nished a liberal share of the fat lambs

and they averaged well in quality.

Fat lambs advanced during the week

40@600 and fat sheep and yearlings

35@40c. Lambs closed at $6.50@

8.40, feeding lambs at $6.50@7.20,

yearlings at $6.60@7.50, wethers at

$6.15@6.85, ewes at $4@6.50 and

bucks at $5@5.75. Fair to ch01ce

shorn lambs brought $6.50@7.25.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





(Continued from page 407).

55@600; hogs $8@8.50; fat cattle $7

@750. Sheep have about all been

marketed. Hens are laying well now,

and the price of eggs is 200; butter

26c per pound.



Wisconsin.



Clark Co.——A lot of small grain,

hay and potatoes have been market-

ed during the last two weeks; also

quite a bit of veal. The snow is all

gone and hard freezing puts the mea-

dows and winter grain in bad shape.

The egg production has been very

good the last month, and are selling

at 24c; butter 260; oats 38c; potatoes

47c; veal, dressed 14c; hay $9; milch

cows $75@80; pure breed from $200

@300.



Polk Co.—We are having spring

weather here now, the snow is gone

and the roads are in bad shape. All

winter grains and new clover seems

to have come through the winter in

fine shape. Stock is looking fine, but

farmers are running short of feed.

Milch cows $60@80; beef $6.25; hogs





$8.10; veal 9c; chickens 10c; eggs

30; butter 34c; small pigs $4@5

each; wheat 900; barley 500; rye





52c; oats 35c; corn 60c; potatoes 50c;

hay $12 per ton.

Illinois.



LaSalIe Co.—-At a recent meeting

of representative farmers, a “good

roads” organization was perfected,

and work on the roads will soon be

start if present plans are put into

effect. Market prices remain. Hens

are laying better than during the

winter months.



Kansas.



Cloud Co.—-We are having fine,

warm days‘ now, and winter grain is

coming out green, but needs rain to

soften up the crust caused by the

snow melting. Some are beginning

to harrow their wheat, and others

will do the same unless we get rain.

Oat sowing is the order of the day.

It is about half done, and an average

acreage is being put in. A few are

beginning to prepare corn ground.

Some horses and mules are dying

from the effects of feeding on wheat

pasture, which is said to be bad for

them on account of their getting too

much dirt in picking the short wheat.

Cattle do not seem to be affected.
f





.m‘ .





 





 





 





 





 





APRIL 4, 1914'. * '





THIS. is THE LAST EDITION,





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday's Market.

April 2, 1914.





Cattle.



Receipts 1464. Market steady with

Wednesday, but 15@25c lower than

last week on everything but canners,

stockers and feeders which are

steady.



We quote: Best steers and heifers

$8@9; steers and heifers, 1000 to

1200, $7.50@7.75; do 800 to 1000, $7@

7.25; do that are fat, 500 to 700, $5.50

@650; choice fat cows, $6@6.25;

good do, $5@5.50; common cows,

$4.50@4.75; canners, $3@4.25; choice

heavy-bulls, $7@7.25; fair to good

bolognas, bulls, $6.25@6.50; stock

bulls, $5.50@6; choice feeding steers,

800 to 1000, $6.75@7; fair do, $6.50@

6.75; choice stockers, 500 to 700, $6.50

@675; fair do, $6@6.25; stock heif—

ers, $5.50@6.50; milkers, large, young

medium age, $60@75; common milk-

ers, $40@50.



Haley & M. sold Costello 4 heifer

av 572 at $5.90, 2 butchers av 810 at

$6.25, 2 steers av 945 at $7.25, 3 do av

797 at $7; to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull wgli

1430 at $6.50, 1 cow wgh 1,000 at $6,

16 steers av 766 at $7.30, 1 bull wgh

900 at $6.75, 1 cow wgh 990 at $6: to

Bresnahan 1 cow wgh 776 at $4; to

Mason 15. Co. 2 heifers av 590 at

$6.75, 1 cow wgh 990 at $4.75, 10

steers av 743 at $7.25, 2 cows av 975

at $5.15; to Thompson Bros. 2 do av

1075 at $5.75, 1 heifer wgh 670 at

$6.65, 16 butchers av 766 at $7.15; to

Kull 26 steers av 871 at $7.50; to

Gerisch 20 do av .1043 at $7.40:



Spicer & R. sold Mich. B. Co. 4

steers av 790 at $7.25; to LaBoe 1 do

wgh 620 at $6, 1 cow wgh 960 at

$5.75; to Bresnahan 1 do wgh 810 at

$4.50, 1 do wgh 1040 at $5.25; to Mich.

.13. Co. 11 steers av 904 at $7.30, 1 bull

\vgli 1360 at $6.65, 8 steers av 946 at

.740, 1 bull wgh 1290 at $6.65, 13

steers av 891 at $7.40, 1 do wgh 1140

at $8, 1 bull wgh 1140 at $6.65. 2 cows

av 1340 at $6.50; to Mitchell 5 stock-

ers av 708 at $7; to Merritt 3 cows av

970 at $5.35; to Sullivan P. Co. 4

steers av 1000 at $6.25, 4 do av 895 at

$7.25; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull

wgh 1600 at $6.60; to Mich. B. Co.

12 steers av 800 at $7.50; to Rattkow-

sky 1 cow wgh 1700 at $6.65, 2 do av

890 at $5.35, 1 do wgh 1150 at $6.50, 1

hull wgh 1490 at $7; to Mason B. CO.

7 cows av 1093 at $6.25, 9 steers av

905 at $7.40; to Thompson Bros. 2

cows av 1005 at $5.25, 16 steers av

860 at $7.35, 7 do av 943 at $7.60. 1 do

with 1020 at $7.60; to Laboe 1 heifer

'wgh 750 at $6.75, 1 steer wgh 1040

at $7.50; to Fruitchey 34 stockers av

356 at $6.65, 4 cows av 790 at $5.35:





to Heinrich 12 steers av 1076 at $7.60.,





Veal Calves.

Receipts 582; market active and 75

@341 higher.

$7@10.75.





Bishop, B. & H. sold Nagle P. Co.E





4 av 150 at $10, 6 av 135 at $10.50; to

Sullivan 1’. C0. 5 av 120 at $10.75, 3

av 150 at $11, 1 wgh 130 at $9. 2 av





120 at. $10.50, 5 av 150 at $8, 16 av 155 ,





at $10.75, 3 av 170 at $11.50; to

Thompson Bros. 5 av 145 at $11. 6 av

135 at $11; to Hammond, S. & Co. 5

av 125 at $10.50, 10 av 147 at $11; to

McGuire 4 av 130 at $9.50, 21 av 150

at $11.75; to Mich. B. Co. 14 av 135

at $11.75; to Sullivan P. CO. 8 av 130

at $11.50, 5 av 150 at $12, 4 av 175 at

$8.50, 7 av 135 at $11.50, 10‘ av 159 at

$11.75, 7 av 140 at $11.75, 6 av 155

at $12; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 av 170

at $12, 5 av 140 at $10, 4 av 145 at

$11.50, 4 av 110 at $9. 8 av 145 at

$11.50, 8 av 140 at $11.25, 11 av 125 at

$11, 2 av 140 at $8.50. .

Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 3462. Market strong. Best

lambs $8.25; fair to good do, $7.50@

8; light to common lambs, $707.25;

yearlings, $7.25@7.50; fair to good

sheep $5.75@6; culls and common

$4@5; clip lambs $7.



Spicer & R. sold Young 26 lambs

av 80 at $7.50; to Mich. B. Co. 10 do

av 55 at $7, 36 d0 av 78 at $8, 38

sheep av 120 at $6, 4 do av 110 at

$4.50.



Haley & M. sold Parker, W. & Co.

18 lambs av 70 at $8, 10 do av 59 at

$7.25.



Bennett & S. sold Newton B. Co. 30

lambs av 95 at $8.



Hogs.



Receipts 5883. None sold at noon;

prospects 10c higher or $8.80@8.83.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. &

C0. 2000 av 200 at $8.85, 410 av 180

at $8.80.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.





Best $11.50@ 12; others





THE" MICHIGAN FARM-ER





SAN'IC





Just fill in, cut out and mail_the Free Coupon below, right now_. Yes

sir, I want you, the man who 13 holding this papenm his hands right

now, to write to me right away. I’ve got something SpeClal to offer

every one of you. ‘



Listen! For the next few months, I am going to make you the most amazing. the most liberal





ve you a bonus as well to try it, which shows my faith in my separator. my proposition and

foam all about my plan and offer now. Just mail coupon today before you lay this paper down.





SAVE $35.00 TO $50.00





. On the best, most modern. most sanitary and closest skimming cream separator in

the world. Travel 20,000 miles. Look over every factory in the United States and . all '

foreign countries, you won’t find its superior at any price. The New Galloway Sanitary





you the opportunity of finding out the real facts for yourself.

Try it. 90 Days at My Risk





'ou Wish.



gize you wantaright to your‘fartnitforta). no at; 90 days' trialhabl; is backed by a



solutcly free. want you to es i on every way you cant in



ct. Compare it with any other machine that you know of, no 10 Year Guarantee—$25,000



matter what the price. If anybody else is trying to sell you a .

:parator. make them let you take their machine and set it





then keep the machine that suits ou best.

you have given it a good. fair test. ship it right back to me at





gatlonjr you decide not to keep the separator after having had my Offer. Just fill in, cut out and mall the coupon.





F R E E Cut Out and Mail Coupon





for My, Free Catalog and

O

Valuable Dairy Cow Book.

_ My New 1914 Book shows my New Galloway Sanitary Cream separator and explains

Thy iibera , direct from factory. plan of selling it; at, the lowest prices ever made on a. strictly They





standard. high grade se arator. Don't fail to set this book and investigate my new separ‘

ator before you think 0 buying any other style or make. lt‘s money in your pocket for it ,

means a. savjn of $35 to 850 to you. "13"

_ Then w an you send for my catalog I am going to give you full details of my New

Specxal 1914 Oder—the most liberal otter ever made and a. coupon which entitles you to a

free copy, of my valuable book of information—Galloway's Dairy Cow Book—regular price

$1.25. ou want my Dairy Cow Book without fail. It's chuck full of cow facts. It wilh

help you make your cows pay you a whole lot. bi gcr profit. It tells how to feed and stable

vour cows—How to build up a milk-producing ‘crd—How to make to quality butter—-

ow to test. your milk and many other important things you ought to now if you want;

to make big money in the Dairy business. This book is free to ou. Just fill in, cut, out;

and mail free coupon or write me a postal. Then as a clincher. am going to make you a.

still bigger ofl'er—-ono that will help you get our separator partly or entirely without cost.

to you in the end. This is my Co—opcrativc-t rotlt Sharing Otter that has helped thousands

of men pay for their machines. No canvassuig. No soliciting. Just a straight busmess

proposition. Write me today. Do it. before you lay this paper down. Address





WM. GALLOWAY, Presiden

WILLIAM GALLOWAY COMPANY





18,3 Galloway Station Waterloo, Iowa

NOTE—We also manufacture and sell direct Gasoline Engines. Manure Spreaders and other Machinery.





 





 





50ch Direct from Factory to Farm





offer you ever heard of in your life. I want every dairyman.every owner of two or more cows,in this

country to get the benefit of this new Special Offer of mine. So write me today Without fail. My Offer



is new and original. It's different. It has never before been equalled in the history of this country. It s

a combination offer. I not only save you all the middlemcn's profits but I sell you a better machine alum

' my 9 .





is the latest and greatest product ofmy big Chain of Factories. It’s the mechanical masterpiece of all

my years in the manufacturing business. It’s absolutely in a class by itself. But I am not gomg to as you

to take merely my word or anybody clsc's word for my machine. Not for a. Single second. I am gain.





I

the free trial. If you decide to keep it, I'll guarantee ', to save '

you from 830 to 850 besides givin you a separator that abm-

I’Il let you try my New Improved Galloway Sanitary any way sobitcly has no equal in the worl at any price Then on top

' I'll send you one of my wonderful new separators, of this remarkable offer,remember my New Galloway S‘anltary





_ Every single New Galloway Sanitary cream separator that

fight up by the side of mine. Compare them at every pouzt— leaves my factory has a straight to-yenr guarantee on materi-

V’JSY running, 835? cleaning. 01058 skimming. machonical con- ais and 825.0001ch bond back of it. You take no risk of my

:iruction. sanitary features. In any way you can think 01' and separator not only givmg you the greatest of satisfaction for a

90—day trial period but for practically a. lifetime. My io-year

If you think that there is any oi er separator In the world at guarantee and my bond are printed in black and white and

tiny price that you would rather have than the Galloway. after there are no strings tied to them. They are regular contracts

that protect every Galloway customer. Accept this most hb- 3

my expense. I’ll agree right now to pay all the freight both eral offer with this positive protection back of it. Don tde-

ways 50 you WON! be out a Permit or under the slltrhtcst obli- lay. Write me now. Get my catalog and full details of





c i flu M I

.1210 social; wilgmllafalll SELF?" $1343.83: 37%;”:





lust fill In, cui out and





25—409





   

 

 

 

 

 

 





d \“3 ~





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





- to give 10 Year

l Guarantee

B d



°n $25,000





Bond





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





are FREE to you





III. coupon





today. ._





 

 





 





 





Ti oar our sp ' lt'

”RESSE” "065 jusisiiovf. Our 2650;523:28’

' h ta. ht. :

DRESSED VEAL ifiileifé‘él “if... 2‘3. yd:





; to best advantage. Our





FIRMS Alli] FARM. llllllS

IPOULTRY reputation for honest dealing ' F0" SALE 0" ExcHAHGE

,—-———- and quick returns is assured by





our record. . ‘ -

ARM Its Bargiiin. NU acres tine land. all improvements.

WRITE TODAY. F fine buildings. etc. All under cultivation. Must





Chas. w- Rudd & so“, Detroit, Mich. retire. Write for particulars. M. Kchoe. Tum City, Ilich.





i CENTRAL MICHIGAN FIRMS “3°" ”10"” “f“.d‘“

Ship your Hay to Pittsburgh and to Get. catalog. Holmes Itczilty Agfiil-foLignl’gf ii’lJi?‘

H AV “am“ "003"”! 3008 Company Fifi5451*i;i2;’.:.:,‘fll.l?“23.3.2:i3;::;_“‘..::.£t’:i 2:32.23?





l

l





 





 





 





 





 





 





Pittsburgh. Pa. orchard. Write (loo. McPherson. 131] Second St... Canton. 0.

Ref.—nny bank or Mercantile Agency.





 





 





MILK FARM ~81 acres near town of 15m; house worth

_ $2100, Suillltu‘} cmv burn. new silo, best of soil.

era 8 FlillGi’d. to “holesale CommiesionHouee, Only $3000 down: balance on long time. MICE,

, SE 9 ., Detroit. “'aut your apples. FARM LAND REAL ESTATE 00.. Gregory, Mich.

potatoes. poultry and rabbits. Quick returns.





FARMERS—We are paying 800d premium above FARMS, GOOD» CHEAP, PROFITABLE.





the Official Detroit Market for new- UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES NOW.

laid eggs shipped direct. to us by express. Write us State Board of Agri:ulture. Dover. Delaware.





for information. It will pay you. American Butter

Cheese 00.. 31-33 Griswold 2%.. Detroit. Mich.

RAINY LAKE—,Preeuedla'g 09,“? clay

. oam an s. nsi 0 care

"HTED farms from owners for sale. We have direct $10 in 812 50 per acre. long time, and only lmproved.

buyers. Send description. Magazmemsrticu- farms, JOHN G KRAUTH. Millorrgurg, Michigan.

lars free. Western Sales Agency, Minneapolis. Minn.





 





 





 





 





 





Fol! SALE TWO “'YOming ranches: 667 acres nnd320





. acres. Lie along good creeks, lent of



l FARMS [on SALE In NEW YGRK STATE waggr; (gogitmailids i‘mmgnsgnnzagf gf‘verinmeigtfranye;

1‘ , . . u rlcultur 1 we r r g s a red y a Jll ion a . an very erti e.



‘ :d‘alnlzggl?;m§e£0$gifin‘élgtgheafifieagmcfiimion 3! grown fine alfalfa. oats. hay and potatoes. Ranches

. 1200 cheap dairy fruit. and general farms. Address. Within easy reach of Northwestern Railroad and new

. . . - USON Burlington Railroad, Buildin on pie-nemGood grouse

CALVIN .J. H N Y shooting and trout fishing. rices 313.500 and 85.500.



f Commissio_er of Azrdzultlfl'e. Albanyv - ° II. F. Chaney. elre Detroit Trust Company, Detroit, Mich.





213 Acres, $4200





ilCllS why ClilCliS die 0......7. transacttgvmrum

1'





 





 





_ fully c uipped New York State dairy and neral

J_ C. Reefer. the poultry export of 16041 Mari Stu {12:13}: $099322 village. “formtc‘d forage. pro uotive



_ . . . . awn froeavo “5b ebook s. igp ulles._amp ow an tim r. abundance



Kansas City. Mo . 18 8“""8 -" of fruit: 9-mom reendence. large barn. other-buildings:





10m ”gags-85,91,133 331% $88.83, 1 resistance: :22. transissrgsg 1...... .. amok M.-. m... ..

, a ey . s . -

(‘0. 885 av 200 at $8.85.



'Spicer & R. sold same 350 av 200

at $8.85, 100 av 170 zit-$8.80.





. farm to nick buver for I 34200 ' -

a sun in hobo solut . , on y . . on easy terms. full

:13: fiukgotvlilgo tEre £11: dl P over nivht and details 0 thy sud‘n 95-acre . nipped farm for moo,

no liy raises w per t some“ every hatch. All on page I. Strout s Sprin List. of Farm Barsnins.’

poun raiser. should write R. REEFER for 18““ 9“‘-“'"P-V "99- E-A- “OUT “RM AGENCY-

one 0 these valuable FREE bookl. tation 101, Union Bank Bldg.. Pittsburg. Po.





 





 





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS





Near Saginaw and Bay City. in Gladwin and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Pia-ii terms: Cleartitle. Write

for maps and particulars b‘TAFFELD BROTHERS.

1.3 Merrill Building. Saginaw, (W. 8.), Michigan.





 





Administrator Sale of Farm,

APRIL 9th, 1914.





To settle the estate of the late ()ristus A. Conrad.

the farm of 160 acres will be sold at AUCTION on

the premises, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. to the

highest. bidder on the above date. It is located 1342

miles north. 1 mile eas‘ ol' l’lninwell. Mich. A toun

of 1an). on a junction of the (i R. d: I. and L. H. if M.

H. R. R. The Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids electric

road passes within Eli mile. ’I here i818 acres of good

timber, the balance .nproved and pasture. Nearly

all good tillable land. level, i-oil black sandy loam.

nice to work, no stone. ’I itle perfect. Groodlllvroom



oune. two good barns 35x40. connected by shed 21x50,

hog house. poultry house.welln and windmill. The

buildings are good and suitable for the farm. Im-

mediate possession can be given. Terms. one-half

down. balance. time can be given.





J. H. MILLER. Executor. R.D.No. 2. Plalnwell,Mich.

E. H. CONRAD. Auctioneer.





 





 





 





For Boys and Girls.





All boys and girls desire a. watch that

they can carry and that will give them the

correct time whenever they want it.



_We can make it possible for any boy or

girltoget an excellent watch without one

cent of cost and just a. couple of hours of

their time after school or on Saturday.



We have both boys watches and the small

girl watches, state which kind you want and

we Will write you how you can get it. Address





B. a G. Dept. The Michigan Farmer, Detroit.





 





 





 





 





The MIchlgan Former one year, The New York

(S-I-wook) World. one year, both only SLZO





The New York World comes to you three times

each week thus giving you practically a New

York daily. The New York World is unexcelloe

as a. newspaper and will keep you posted on thd

news of the world. Send all orders to .



THE MICHIGAN FARMER. Detroit. Mich.
Get This Free

Berry Box Book!





Tells You llow to Save Money on Beny Boxes

and Baskets — Buy at low Factory Prices





Be sure to get our Low Factory Prices on

all Berry Boxes and Baskets before you buy.

Big line of quality goods—sold to you direct

from factor . Our new catalog describes

baskets an gives

prices. Get it—it’s

FREE.



This is our Amer-

ican Crate, made in

16, 24 and 32 quart ,

sizes. Considered -

by big shippers the best shipping package

on the market. Light. unusually durable,

and allows free air circulation. which pre-

vents moulding and souring of fruit.



0 u r n e w Half-Bushel

Wire Bail Picking Basket.

Smooth inside s u r f ac e

avoids bruising of fruit.

Bail swings back. allowing

. basket to go inside abarrel.

’ _. Very strong and durable.

write I Don’t buy your boxes or baskets



' until you have seen our catalog

and low factory prices. Write for it now, and

learn how to save money by buying direct from

largest factory of its kind in the country. Cata-

log with lowest prices is FREE ! (2)



NEW ALBANY BOX AND BASKET (:0.



Box 112. New Albany, Ind.-





EXTRA

PROFIT





From One Acre





The Vermone Experiment ltation reports.



“The average increase in yield of spra ed



potatoes over unsprayed during aperi of



12 years was 115 bushels per acre." At only



600 a bushel that's an extra profit of 367.50

per acre. It certainly pays to spray, but to do it

quickly, cheaply and effectively you need I.





' HORSE DR S E

HURSl Mimpowm PRAY R

Made in 88 different styles and since to meet any eon-

dlnon in field or orchard. Bold on 10 days free trial





with 6-year guarantee, No freight to pay—no money

do wn-no bank deposit—your own time to pay.





VALUABLE BOOK FREE





This book, “Why,“ow and When to Spray," contains H

Illustrations ofinseet peat-and plant diseases with remedies

[or each and spraying calender. also shows our full line of

a rsyers and explains our liberal terms of sale. To" as

w at slse sprayer you need or what you have toapra and

get the book and our big IIONRY SAVING OFFER. lithe

“day—a postal eard "III (Io—they are FREE.





THE N. I.- HURI' m 90-. 248 North St. .cnnlen.0.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





.2. 4.

;.‘ illllll|‘_l,‘;.(/





' ' ~ .. ‘nn' ,

‘I p ”dingy/9 x,

. {‘5

.. ‘l





 

 





 





 





6 Glorious Roses





MAILED POSTPAID FOR

ALL WILL BLOOM THIS SUMMER C

Hardy, Everbloomlng, Guaranteed True to Name

ALEX. HILL GRAY—Yellow.

. IVORY—White, fine buds.

LADY HELEN VINCENT—Pink.

EUGENE BOCLLE'f—Ruby red.

PRES. TAFT—Best deep pink.

RIBS. COBNWALLIS WEST-

White, tinted rose.

I will send the 6 Roses in

large. 2-year size (retail value

$2.35) postpaid for only $1.25.





CANNAS





A l loman nia—Yellow,

flaked orange. R. Wallace—

(Innary, streaked rcd. Niag-

ara—Crimson, bordered gold.

, King Hurnbert—Urange

' scarlet. Mrs. -Kate ray—-

Scarlet. and yellow. Pennsylvania—Deep red.



One tuber, any variety. 10 cents. Any 3

for 25 cents. The 6 for 50 cents postpald.





DAHLIA SEED





New Century, Cactus, Black 8triped,Dou-

ble,Single, all colors. For 100 Will send 50 seeds

—enough for a fine Dahlia Garden. Catalog FREE.





MISS JESSIE M. GOOD

Florist and liable Speciallsi, Box 219 SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

5' Rows can be any width. Spraying

‘ pressure is always strong in the Watson

Oapraymo Sprayer. Both wheels are drive wheels.

Mixture is thoroughly agitated. N0 trouble about

keeping strainers clean. We make Spra ers for all

Purposes—Bucket, Barrel, Power Orchar Rigs, etc.

Send for free formulas and

spraying directionswiih

catalog. Do it today.

FIELD FORGE

PUMP (:0.

l B I 1 ill Street

Elmira. N. Y.





 





 





 





 





oi Potatoes





‘A Four Rows

at Once





 

 

 

 

   





 





 





 





SEED P0TllTllE87‘"5:3‘f'ifléf'éig





Pure, Hardy. Gel eoted Stock, Write today for circular.

\VALLACE BROS“ Bay Shore. Michigan.





 





 





 





THE MI'CHIGAIN' FIARMER





:‘JEJIHIIIHIIIllIllllllllIll”ll“HIIIHHIIIHIIIIIlIIHIHHIIHHUIIHHIIIIIIUHHHHIHIHIIllIHIIIIIIIHHIHHIIHIIHHHIHHIHHIHHIIHIll“llliilll|liIHllllllHilIIIHL'HllIIIIHHHIIHIHIIIllIIlililllhilllllllllllllIllIIHIIHIIHIIILEL:n

s , - s

Horuculturc.

filllllllllllllllllll|lilllllmlllllllllllllllllllillllillllllllllllllIHHHHIIHHHHillIIHIHIIIIIHIIHIIHHHIHIIHlllllllllllllIIHIIHIHHHHHIIllHIIIIIIHIIIlIHIIIHHIIIIHIIIIIHIll|IlllllIIHIIllllilllillllnllilllllllIIIIIIHIIIIIIIHE





The Early Spring Spraying.





 





NE of the chief objections to

0 fruit growing is that the work



involved in the care of the or-

chards comes spasmodically through-

out the season. From the middle of

April to the middle of July three ap-‘

plications of spray should be made

and also the orchard soil should have

been in good cultivation and put to

cover crops for winter protection.

Within those three months nine-

tenths of man’s work of assisting na-

ture in the production of fine fruit is

done. Spraying, the most important

factor in the production of good fruit,

comes thick and fast during that

time.



We will refer here only to spray-

ing before the blossoms, as others

will be taken up later. This spraying

should be applied to nearly all tree

fruits, the peach being the only ex-

ception. It is applied almost entirely

for fungicidal purposes, although on

the plum it is quite important in the,

control of the curculio, and occasion—

ally on the apple and pear it is valu—





able in controlling the bud moth and.





spring canker.



Important as a Fungicidal Spray.



It is probably the most important

fungicidal spray we have and should

be applied in all cases just before the

blossom buds open, to get the best

effect. On the core fruits, the apple

and the pour, it should be applied

within ten days before the blossoms

open for, if applications are made be-

fore that time, the blossom clusters

are not sufficiently separated to cover

the stems with spray material. It is

quite important that these stems are

covered, as often there is a fungus

trouble which attacks the stems and

so weakens them that the blossoms

drop off shortly after they have

bloomed. This is in some seasons

often the chief cause of not getting

a. good crop of fruit.



The Best Spray Material.



There is still some discussion

among fruit growers as to the value

of the various mixtures for spraying,

the lime-sulphur and the Bordeaux

mixture being the two spray mate-

rials on which there is the differences

of opinion. Some growers are entire-

ly satisfied with the lime—sulphur for

the applications after the blossoms,

but think that an application of Bor-

deaux is preferable before. They con-

sider the Bordeaux 9. little better

fungicide. However, Bordeaux injury,

which was the chief cause of chang—

ing from Bordeaux to lime-sulphur, is

just as liable to be caused by an ap-

plication of Bordeaux at this time as

after the blossoms. Therefore it is

not advisable to use Bordeaux at all

on apples, especially varieties which

are liable to russet. Of course, on

the other fruits it does not matter

with reference to russet whether Bor-

deaux is used or not. However, from

experiments and also in ordinary

practice we can find no reason for

using Bordeaux mixture on any of the

tree fruits at this time, as lime-sul-

phur has given entire satisfaction and

should be used because it is the most

economical and handy to use.



Strength of Lime-Sulphur to Use.



At this time the lime-sulphur can

be used stronger than later in the

season, as the foliage seems to with-

stand the burning effect of the spray

better than later in the season. It is

entirely safe to use it at one to 25~ or

30. In fact it is preferable to use it

at either of these strengths as the

fungicidal effect will be better.



Circumstances may make it such

that one can only put one spray on

before the blossoms, and the scale

spray, and the application just before





 





the blossoms will have to be done to-

gether. In such cases, wait with the

scale spray until the leaf buds are al-

most open and apply the spray at one

to eight or nine as you would when

applying the regular scale spray.

There will be no injury if ordinary

care is used, as lime-sulphur at one

to ten has been applied just before

the blossoms opened, without injury.

It is not a practice which can be rec-

ommended as the scale can not be

thoroughly controlled because the fol-

iage interferes with the thorough

spraying of the limbs. There is also

danger of burning the foliage if care

is not taken in making the applica-

tion. A little too much material ap-

plied in one place will cause injury

there. The best results can be had

if the scale spraying is put on early

in the season, in March or early in

April, and then the before blossom

application made as suggested above.

The Poison to be Used.



It is recommended to use poison

with the spraying just before the

blossoms and if bne wishes to be en-

tirely on the safe side it is the best

thing to do. In the spraying of plums

it is best to use it in the control of

the (-urculio. ln well-kept orchards

of other tree fruits the poison has of-

ten been left out and good results ob-

tained. The spring canker worm and

the bud moth, which are the main in-

sects to use poison for, do not get

much foothold in orchards where the

poison is used in other sprayings,

thoroughly done. The only poison to

use. with lime-sulphur is arsenate of

lead. If bordeaux is used for and

purpose, paris green, arsenite of lime

or any of the other poisons may be

used.



Spraying the Peach.



The pic-blossoming spraying of the

peach should be done early in the

season. The object of this applica-

tion is to control both the scale and

the leaf curl. On account of the lat-

ter trouble it is necessary to get the

spraying done early enough. This is

a fungus trouble which winters underF

the bud scales and begins develop-

ment early in the season. It causes

the Well known pinkish contortion of

the foliage. To control it it is abso-

lutely necessary to spray for it be-

fore there is any sign of the buds

swelling. The usual spraying direc-

tions state that it should be done be-

fore the first of April. There are

years when the season is so advanced

that it is necessary to spray before

the middle of March. This season,

on account of the backward spring,

good results may be had by spraying

any time before the second week in

April, unless there should be a decid-

ed change to warmer weather. To be

sure of good results any season, do

the work early in March. Lime-sul-

phur, used for the control of the

scale, is also an absolute preventative

of the leaf curl if the material is ap-

plied thoroughly. If a limb or a. twig

is missed it might develop the leaf

curl while the other parts of the tree

would be free from it because they

were protected by the spray.



The prevalence of the leaf curl var-

ies with the weather conditions of the

season at the time the buds are

swelling.‘ If it is damp and cold it is

likely that there will be considerable

curl show up later on. Some seasons

even unsprayed trees are entirely free

from this trouble.



The popular slogan, “Safety First,”

may well be applied to the control of

diseases and insects. Spraying is a

preventative and not a cure. There-

fore, to be safe, spray first, not after-

wards.





APRIL 4, 1914. -





THOSE EVER-BEARING; STRAW-

BERRIES m EMMET COUNTY.





 





There surely was something the

matter with that Emmet county ever-

bearing strawberry patch, which gave

us only about four quarts of berries

for the season of 1913; but there was

no obstacle in evidence other than

what one is likely' to be up against

every season in this section, namely,

a preponderance of cloudy weather,

accompanied by comparatively low

temperature, during the late summer

and fall months.



The Van Buren county man who

commented upon my results last fall,

must consider that there is consider-

able difference in latitude between

Van Buren county and Emmet coun-

ty, and that the conditions prevailing

in his section, are far more favorable

for the production of all crops requir-

ing comparatively high temperature,

with plenty of sunshine. Where these

conditions prevail. in the presence of

ample moisture, I see no reason why

these ever-bearing sorts may not be

made a source of considerable profit.



Returning to the question in point;

added to the factors of low tempera-

ture and cloudy weather, there was

deficient rainfall during late summer

and fall months, last season, and,

against such a combination a straw-

berry crop is, of necessity, on the

losing side. \Vhy not irrigate?



With the small trial plot of last

season, the purpose was to determine

just what these sorts would amount

to under ordinary field conditions,

and ordinary field conditions does not

include irrigation. The season of

1912, we had, approximately, one-sev-

enth of an acre of these ever-bearing

plants under irrigation, and the yield

was, approximately, $25 worth of her-

ries, the same selling at 22 cents per

quart box. Our grocer retailed them

at 25 cents. Now, $25 in cold cash

may look pretty good, if we don’t

look- beyond the silver dollars and

make an estimate of how much those

dollars cost 11. It appears to me,

then, that those $25 dollars cost us

as much, or a little more, than the

value represented. There is no plea-

sure in working just for the fun there

may be in it, that is, not as a regu-

lar employment. It certainly is not

good business sense to establish, as

a regular feature, a line of operations

not returning commensurate reward

for the expense and labor involved.



If these ever-bearing sorts are to

be judged strictly on their merits,

there is one feature. in their culture

that should not be overlooked, which

is the. length of the ripening season.

As will be seen, the fruiting season

of these plants extends over a period

of 12 weeks, more or less, or nearly

four times that of the June (only)

sorts. It must necessarily follow,

therefore, that the labor of harvest~

ing the former is considerably greater

than that required with the others.



Then, too, in this region, the

weather during late summer and fall

is not commonly agreeable to ,the

work of picking sfrawberries. During

the months of September and October

there are many times when fingers

would get mighty stiff and numb, if

obliged to continue long at the task

of picking. Strange as it may seem,

there were many nights of frost when

the fruit was frozen, but the plants

went right on with the work of grow-

ing and developing the green fruit;

however, it is only fair to say that

the fruit ripened under such "condi-

tions, had neither the high coloring

nor the exquisite flavor of strawber-

ries ripened under a June sky.



While I say that it appears that

there is nothing in the ever-bearing

strawberry for us in Emmet county,

I do not wish it to be understood that

I am sure that there is nothing in

them for others. On the contrary,

I am sure it will pay any grower, lo-

cated in our section or elseWhere, to

try them out for himself in a conser-

vative way, for as yet, propagating





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«swam, , .n \
APRIL 4, 1914.





stock is too high, and results uncer-

tain, to permit planting unreservedly,

unless conditions are exceptionally

favorable. It is unquestionably true

that these sorts will supply berries

for the home table, either in this

county, or farther south where con-





. (litions are much more favorable, pro-





viding they are given proper care,

cultivation and plant food.

Emmet 00. M. N. EDGERTON.





._





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





Girdled Fruit Trees.





Having had several- young apple

trees girdled by rabbits this past win~

ter, I would be pleased if you could

suggest any method to save the trees.



Muskegon Co. J. B. A.





If the girdling injury done by rab-

bits, mice or other animals is not

very bad, the girdled portion of the

tree should be treated in the same

manner as any other opened wound

of the bark of the tree. In most cases

the girdling has not been done en-

tirely through the entire bark of the

tree, that is, the outer bark of the

tree has only been gnawed off. If so,

the wound will heal up 'if given the

proper care and attention. All loose

and injured bark or wood should be

cut away so that what remains is sol-

id and healthy. It would be well,

then, to apply some disinfectant, such

as a weak solution of carbolic acid,

after which paint the entire wound

with pure white lead and raw linseed

oil, or grafting wax if preferred.





If the girdled place is over four or

five inches in diameter or if it has

been done deep enough to go through

to the wood, the safest method is to

bridge graft the trees. This can be

done by taking shoots of last season’s

growth, which are about three inches

longer than the girdled portion is

wide, and cutting each end 'wedge-

shaped, and then inserting these ends

under the bark about an inch above

and below the girdled portion. These

should be put in quite close, having

them not more than an inch apart. A

strip of cloth should be banded

around the tree at each end of the

grafts. Warm or soft grafting wax

should then be thoroughly applied so

as to saturate the cloth and entirely

seal the wounds made by the grafts.

The girdled portion should also be

either painted or covered with graft-

ing wax as suggested above.



Worms in Onions.





We have been bothered with worms

in onions. Kindly suggest a remedy.

Ottawa Co. B. S.





Last year my onions were full of

small white worms, so I did not get

any for winter use. Can you tell me

what is the cause of the trouble and

what to do to prevent the same this

year?



Uceana Co. A. M.



The worms in onions are caused in





most cases by the onion maggot,

which is one of the most serious

drawbacks to onion culture in this

country. The maggot injures the on-

ion by eating into the bulb and the

decay resulting from this njury often

entirely destroys the onion.



This insect is closely related to the

cabbage and seed corn maggot, and

like them, the adult closely resembles

i'ie house fly. The adult lays its eggs

in the leaf sheaths and the maggots

\u'ork their way down into the bulb.

’j‘here are from two to four genera-

tions of this insect in a season.



N0 very satisfactory method of con-

trol has been found. Several deter-

rents have been used fairly succes-

fully. Among them are some of the

commercial fertilizers. Of these, kai-

nit, nitrate of soda, and chloride of

potash give the best results“ They

should be used as top dressings and

will be of little value unless used just

before or after rain, as their effect

will not be strong enough when slow-

ly dissolved. -Besides their deterrent

effect these fertilzers act as stimu-

lants to plant growth and therefore

assist in recuperation from the mag-

got attack. Tobacco dust, plentifully

sown along the rows, has also been





 





‘ \





THE MICHIGAN‘ FARMER





lj , ' ‘

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l 4 _ . — . K ‘





l 7* ‘ ' .



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Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow



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Station 32





Columbus. Ohio





you want a special Job, Phelps will build that for you and still give 1 ' < ‘ . .1 I . . :i

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Catalog shows both complete Gates

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MANUFACTURING OO-





 





 





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Cost only one-third much as ordinary iron, wire or gas pipe

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~65 bu. 1913 per .

EIrly ”888"" narl.’ straw, no smut. lilooloanedg

31 per bu. sacked. Early Klondyke Pea Beans, 25 bu.

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Btron





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More CIDER





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The Department of

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GUS. F. SMITH CO..lno.. Dotrolt, Mlch-





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





Cider- Presses

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Write for

FREE





 

   

   

   

   





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





used with success in some cases. Car-

bolic acid emulsion, diluted about 40

times, and hellebore are recommend-

ed by some.



For preventative purposes the on-

ions should be planted in fields as far

removed from the previous season’s

planting as possible, and care should

be taken not to use organic fertiliz-

ers, such as manure, on the ground

for a year or so before the onions are

set, as they make infestation more

possible.



Varietes of Strawberries.





I have been greatly interested in

your articles on strawberry growing,

in the Michigan Farmer. I will be

setting irom one-half to an acre to

strawberries in the spring, and would

like your advice as to the best varie-

ties to set, and the best place to buy

the plants. We plowed up the old

bed of mixed varieties, after picking,

last summer, which the former own-

er had set.



Emmet Co. F. & S.





In regard to the first proposition,

I am not sure there is any best place

to buy plants. The proper way to

get plants, I think, is for each grower

to raise his own plants in special

propagating beds; purchasing in a.

small way, when it is necessary to

procure new, or desirable varieties.

The best advice I have to offer to this

correspondent and others in similar

situations, is to secure catalogs from

several reputable plant growers,

whose address may be found in the

columns of this paper, and then make

his choice, trusting to good fortune

for results.



As to the second proposition; per-

haps I may be able to advise moreI

definitely, and to greater purpose:

and yet, when all has been said. the

choice of varieties must ever be mod»

ified to suit the requirements of indi-

vidual tastes, market requirements.

and adaptability to soil: and stan-

dards vary with localities, and change

with the times.



The strawberry, that is our main-

stay: the. one that makes us the most

money, is the old, well-known \Var-





 





 





“ Box 112, You, PI.





SPURIGIDE





Sont- direct on trial II here we haIe no agents. Free





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Seed Oats {“3232 ‘hé‘qt‘iiif..q“r‘.?§“:h%f





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RIVERSIDE FARM. Box M. Aberdccn. South Dakota.





 





 





 





 





 





 





STRAWBERRY PLANTS;





RASPBERRY —— BLAC KBERRY -— CURRANTS. Our T





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When writing to advertisers please

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SURE CURE FOR i

in Gals (iuurant'd SMUT 1

Simple to treat. ,'





field. It is a handsome berry, firm,

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Exceedingly productive under right

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this variety is, however. too acid to

make a desirable table berry, or to

eat out of hand. I never eat them if

there are less acid sorts obtainable.

such, for instance, as the Nick Oh.

mer, Marshall, New York, or Sample.

It has been our experience that the

finer sorts mentioned, and others of

this class, do not bring enough extra

to make them highly profitable.

There is mere money in the War-

field, selling at $1.50 per case, than in

the others at $2.50 or $3.00 a case.

As a companion to the \Varfield,

which is a pistilatc, I prefer the im-

proved Wilson. The improved Wilson

is not as deep 21 red as the 01d \Vil-

son, but it is a larger berry and much

'more productive. Many use the Dun-

lap with the VVarfield, and it is said

to be nearly or quite its equal in pro-

ductivencss. Such has not proven to

be the case in our locality, with us.





The Sample, with the Marshall, as

a pollenizer, might prove to be a good

combination. The Marshall is hardly

to be. excelled for quality, while the

' Sample has quality aboye the average

land is very profitable.



It was good wisdom to plow up the

01d bed, with its nondescript collec-

tion of varieties, starting anew with

known, standard sorts.



Emmet 00. M. N. EDGERTON.





Starting an Asparagus Bed.





i I want to start an asparagus bed

I would like to know where I could

get the plants and how to set them.

’ SunscmnER.





During the past few years the cul-

ture of asparagus has been simplified,

and to grow a good bed does not need

expert work. The old Way was to dig

a trench about three feet deep and

then fill in with a half foot of broken

stones or bricks, on top of which was

put a layer of well rotted manure,





 





leaving enough space for about six

inches of soil to put the plants in.

The new method consists of digging

a trench of about 16 inches in depth

in which three or four inches of well

rotted manure is put, and then a lay-

er of soil, also about four inches deep.

On this the asparagus roots should

be set with the root fibers well

spread out. Then the trench should

be filled in to the level of the garden

soil. This will leave the crowns of

the plants about five inches below

the surface of the soil, which is about

right.



The best method of starting a bed

is to use one-year-old roots which can

be bought of most any nursery. The

rows are. usually about three feet

apart and the plants set about two

feet apart in the row.



The soil best adapted for this vege-

table is a fairly loose, easily worked

loam. The heavy, stiff soils are‘ not

usually of much value for this pur-

pose unless a fairly deep trench is

dug and loose, fibrous soil filled in.





THE FARMER’S HOTBED.





It takes such a little while to make

a hotbed, but there is nothing that

will give so much satisfaction. The

early plants you grow. to say noth-

ing of a few square feet devoted to

the growing of early radishes, lettuce,

etc, will, in a financial way, repay all

effort in making it. I never made an

elaborate hotbed, nor have I made it

two years in succession in the same

place.



The accompanying cut shows the

most practicable and easily construct-

(Id hotbed that can be. made. Select

a spot where there is some protection

from the north wind. and where wat-

er will not stand. Go to the stable

and haul out enough fresh manure to





 





MANU RE





 





Cross Section of Hotbed.





cover a space twice as large as the

hotbed is to be, to a depth of two

feet. Let the manure remain undis-

turbed till the frame for the bed is

made.



If a small hotbed is to be made,

take one board a foot wide and six

feet long, for the back. another of the

same leng th and half as wide, for the

front, with sloping end pieces three

feet long. It will take only a few

minutes to make this frame, though

by making both front and back twice

as high as the dimensions given, a

better frame will be had. Rake the

heap of manure off till flat on top

and about two feet deep; set the

frame thereon, and then draw the

manure remaining outside of the

frame, around it until it reaches the

10p. Fill the frame with loose gar-

den soil to a depth of four to six

inches and in two days, when the first

excessive heat of the manure is past,

the seed may be sown. Cover it with

a sash or oiled canvas, and dig a

ditch around it to carry off the ex-

cessive water.



Missouri. H. I“. GRINSTEAD.





FLOUR PASTE IN LIME-SULPHUR.





Experiments made in Missouri show

that the addition of flour paste to

lime-sulphur solution will eliminate

the necessity of washing the fruit on

account of spotting. The distribution

of lime-sulphur is so even when the

flour paste is added, that it spreads

over the surface of the leaves and

fruit in a thin film and very little

spotting occurs. When the paste is

used there is no clogging, either in

the pumps or at the nozzle, and a.

200-gallon tank of the spray with the

flour paSte added, will cover more

trees than with lims-sulphur alone. i





u





\





APRIL 4, 1914.





west rice ever made on ready roofing of this

WEI” hi: and quality. This' Is the {anions All-x Brand



e from best long fibre felt, densely saturated with

asphalt. Storm proof, :1 bsoliItely water-tight, fire

resistant. Each roll contains threat to five pieces-

108 square feet' In all. Quality guaranteed. 6



FREIGHT PREPAID PR RICES

Including necessén'y etn and ca 5: 1083q. it. lply,

85c;2ply,$1. 00; {pyg‘ ycetlea 15.8“me freight repaidto

any pointi n the north of

Ohio River provided ordser calls for at least

rolls. Never before have you been ableto participate

in such a sensa tional, price-smashin. money- saving





Wonderf chance for on



i to supp] all your roo ng



needs. We positivelyx save



0on Kev-



00 ng a e W.



e h as e.



Corrugated steel roofinzas low asIXc er ..ft New

heavy GalvanizedRoo ,SidinsCeio mg. 032:3:



C PITAL N

'OurAbuying'pow ergngsn sTe. 'Volle 0|)qu

terials In enormous quan' lines and make most mowfma our

roofin .also buy up_ entire stocks at receivers’ and

sheri (3' sales. Write today for



BI; Assortment of Free Samples



and com are our itiea and prices with o t.hers



Then you ll realize an tremendous saving by sendin mag

us your order. You can 't afford to buy an kind



roofing until you get these free sar'nples an aoopy of





Our Free Roofing Book ~

Most valuable and reliable roofin mfi guide ever- pub-

lished. Tells on what kind of eatl'lga is best to use

for different ildings how toast tecost. etc.

Write for this tree boolr andfree samples today nun.

HARRIS BROS. co. Dell‘- DB 42- .



35th 1. Iron on. Chicago. Ill-





 





 





Nearly i00 Varieties to Select From.





We guarantee our plants to be high- grade and

euai to any. Our 18th annual catalogue is ready.

erite for one.





THE FLANSBURGH & POTTER COMPANY.

' BOX 354, - LESLIE, MICHIGAN.





look! Head and: Save Money





We have a big Stock of Apple. Peach. Pear. Cherry.

& Plum trees. at 3ch (Lug Shade t.rees Bterry‘glants.

Roses. Shrub bs, Etc eed Corn, Potatoes Oats

We were formerly at Moscow. but have better facili-

ties now to serve our Patrons, send for Catalogue





ERNST NURSERIES. Box 2. Elton, Ohio.

Choice





Northern Grown SEED POTATOES





CATALOGUE SENT ON' REEQUST





NORTHERN SEED COMPANY

Box 28 :: :: Grand Rapids. Michigan





(let our catalog. no“ system

sold by actual weight 2 orll

tunes more seeds for same





money W. A. ALLEN 0N. Geneva. Ohio





PURE FIELD SEEDS.





OIOIe.r Timothy. Aliske. Alfalfa and all kinds of

Pure Field Seeds direct from producer to consumer.

Free from noxious weeds. Ask for sum les.

A. C. HOYT &CO.. :- : FOSTORIA. 0 IO,





PEACH TREES, Orchard Size, 4850 each





Elberta, etc. New catalog free of all kinds of nursery

stock. W. A. ALLEN & SONS. GeneI a. Ohio.





—Not by the million. but the

finest stock grown Free

from disease and true to





name. DAlso ofilker fruit trees at Granger prices.

K.ER Dansville. N. Y





SEE” oATs—Regenersted Swedish Select, stiff

straw heavy yielder. free from smut.



prime stock, reoleaned. $1 per bu... sacks free. Write

r sample. Also Green Mountain Potatoes viaorous

grower. good yielder. quite free from blight. 5'50 per

bu... sacks free. Colon 0. Lillie, Coopersvillc. Mich.





Goldon Glow corn. Breeding



Stale inspected SGCdS— this variety InI specialty.

C.lovers alfalfa. pedigreed cats and barley. Catalog

and samples on request. Michels, R.7 ,Malone. Wis.





WEEDLESS SWEET CLOVER





The “’11- to biennial. Also Alfalfa. Red. Timothy, etc’

Sample and in oklet telling "How to Know Good SEED'.

FRII E. (l. M. Scott dz Son. 186 Main St... Murysv llle. O.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





O‘Ts—Reg. Swedish Select.‘ Also Early Learning.

Reid‘ s and White Cap seed corn and Garden

Seeds. Catalog free. Then. Burt&Sons, Melrostdich.





._.& Y ()1 R t



‘SPVARAGUSA "out: “@03th Tiygl‘lowi’ii; Irilrietflgsfl

al.ent Argen tuil. (‘onovers Colossal Palmetto.

STUVAR’I‘ ACRES FRUIT FARMS, Marshall. Mich.





SWEET CLOVER Seed direct from grower, price

and circular how to grow it



‘Free.” John A. Sheehan, R. 4, FolnIouth. Ky.

SWEET SEED pure white and biennial

yellow. Prices and circular how



CLOVER to grow it sent on request. Everett

Barton. Box 129, Falmouth. KI.



—FOR sALE late PETOSKEY.



880d Poia'oes Blight roof. free from scab.

800 bu., sacks free. GEO. B L.LS Hale. Michigan

SEED CORN—Mich. Yellow Dent. home.

grown. fire dried. tested.



Golden Fleece and Reg. Swedish Select Oats. Send

for-sample and circular. F. A. Bywater,Memphis,Mlch.





SOY BEANS—Northern grown Ito San earliest



knmIn standard variety. $3 per bushel.

S III for inoculation and full (I rcctions, 50 cents per

bushel extra. KEN “'AHL FARM. Swanton. Ohio.





SEE D OATS; ..





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





and yield woll. J. A. STARR. 7Royal Oak. Mich





SEED CORN’HIBh Rage. giae‘wlgningemriety. ‘





JESSE W. PIOKETT. Caledonia. Michigan.





WHOLESALE ,Pnlcssé





 





than Pi Many the vurloti and root-

1::mwhct.:.zrc....:..au.-w°a..a:.§fl l i





 





Ive. .





w...»""-.',





 





.,_......
r" s!





_.1"





 





 





, Mason 28, 19:14.





CJ





illlllllliillllilllllllLL‘s





 





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? Poultry and Bees.





13.71:]lllIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIlIIlIlIllIIIIIIIlIIIIlIIIIIIIlIIlIlIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIIUJIIIUIIIIIllllllllllllllll|llIllIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIiEIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIIIIIIIIIIIllIIlIIIlIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIII fi





9





THE‘MICHIG'AN‘FARM'ER‘





"llllllIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Pure, Dry and Disinfectcd.





in the care of poultry are 'not

sufliciently recognized on the

farm. Too often the flock has apoor-

ly covered, poorly ventilated, seldom

cleaned house to roost in, a filthy

and wet feeding ground, and dust

baths that are never given disinfec-

tion. Not only is this true of the old

hens, but the chicks are allowed to

roost in boxes and coops that do not

exclude ~ the water, and are never

cleaned from the time the chicks take

possession until they are large enough

to vacate for larger quarters or the

market.

Pure Drinking Water Important.

The drinking water is probably of

first importance to be given atten-

tion, for infection from this source is

so easy. Pure drinking water is of

great moment, and it is as difficult to

be provided on the farm under the

usual existing conditions as it is to

keep- the poultry from drinking out

of every filthy pool in the barnyard,

which, you will understand if you

have ever tried it, is about on a par

with the perpetual motion problem,

never has been done and probably

never will be. The pigs, the geese,

the dogs and the sparrows all have a

special regard'for that one particular

vessel of water, and they leave it but

a trifle purer than the pools in the

barnyard. You cannot keep the wat-

er clear, probably, but you can reduce

the danger to your fowls greatly by

disinfecting it. There are many good

drugs for this purpose, and probably

the most popular is the old reliable

carbolic acid. From 10 to 15 drops to

a teaspoonful for a gallon of water,

using the pure acid, will. not injure

the chickens, and I have found it a

good cure for throat troubles and

bowel troubles. My little chicks had

what I took to be the gapes, and were

getting pretty badly infected, when I

began using carbolic acid in the

drinking water, about five or six

drops to the quart, and the infection

seemed to be checked at once. Those

that had shown but light traces were

soon as well as ever. I sprinkled a

disinfectant in their coops, but I had

done that before I gave the carbolic

acid, and it did not seem to help the

infected ones any. I have not given

the treatment enough of a test to be

certain it will cure even the light

cases, but that is the way it seemed

to me when I used it, for I did cure

a large percentage of them someway.

A Good Disinfectant.

Permanganate of potash is now

highly recommended for use in the

water to disinfect it, and I am using

it, but I have never used it enough to

know just how it will do in curing

slightly diseased conditions. It is a

good disinfectant, and should be used

strong enough to color the water a

clear violet red. I should say about

what would lay on the first half-inch

of a table knife blade would be

enough for a ten quart pail of

water, at least that is about the

strength I use it.’ When I bought my

first permanganate the druggist ask-

ed me how much I wanted. I told him

about a quarter’s worth, I guessed.

When he had brought it out I ex-

plained that I had never used it but

that the instructions were to make

the water red, and that I wanted to

use it in probably a bucket of water

a day, and asked him if he thought

that would be enough to last awhile.

He laughed and told me I had enough

to color the Missouri river red. .I

have been using it some time but

have not made a dent in my supply

yet, so you see it is much less expen-





THREE words whose importance





sive than carbolic acid, and undoubt-

edly as efficient.



Dry is a little word, but it has a

mighty significance when applied to

the roosting place or your fowls.

There are many reasons why this is

so. Fowls sleeping in a damp, germ-

laden atmosphere are not apt to come

out of it with good health. Colds fol«

low quickly and soon develop into

roup. This is only one result, but it

is the quickest to show up, and the

rapid death rate is apt to cause us

to lose sight of the other and less

active troubles. Droppings that are

on damp ground‘ give off their rank

odors and distribute disease germs

which the moisture in the air causes

to propagate rapidly. Moldy straw

and other material gets in its deadly

work, and 'the general disability of

the flock makes it an easy prey to

any disease that may be bred in the

favorable surroundings. Keep the

floor dry; if you can not keep it en-

tirely dry be sure you keep it thor-

oughly disinfected. Spray the walls,

the roosts and the ground under the

roosts with a solution of crude car-

bolic acid or some of the creosote

preparations for the purpose. Sprinkle

lime, thoroughly air slaked until it is

a palpable powder, liberally and fre-

quently, and clean out all droppings

often. Such frequent .cleaning out

will not be necessary if the floor is

dry and there will be no sick fowls if

lime is used freely and the whole in-

side of the house sprayed with creo~

sote preparation or crude carbolic





acid several times during the summer. .





Care of the Dust Bath.



The dust bath is another place that

requires considerable attention. Fine

sulphur, insect powder, and air-slak-

ed lime are all good, and should be

used rather freely. In the dusting

place of my little chicks last summer

I often sprinkled some kerosene and

mixed it with the dust, not enough to

make it sticky in the least, but yet

enough to show in the dust, and keep

it from rising in the air. It helps

them to keep the lice in check.



The feeding troughs should be kept

as clean as possible and it is best to

scald them once in a while. The

straw that their scratch feed is

thrown into should never be wet and

moldy, and when the droppings begin

to get thick enough to show much it

should be renewed. Of course, where

the hens have the range of the farm

the scratching shed is not so import-

ant as where they are shut up in

lots, but I am certain it will pay any

farmer to give his hens a good dry

scratch shed and dusting shed as well

as roosting and laying quarters. It is

the neglect of these things that cuts

down the farm average of winter

eggs. L. H. Conn.





VIGOR IN FARM POULTRY.





 





When we see the farm birds be-

ginning to droop and mope around we

hear the farmers saying, “What can

I do to make my flock strong and vig-

orous?” The question is easily an-

swered, but it takes some time to

accomplish the project. Increase the

vigor and vitality of the birds and

watch the results. Constitutional vig.

or is necessary for health, vitality

and stamina that is common to the

strong and well-bred birds. Birds

that lack these qualities make poor

breeders and unprofitable egg produc-

ers, and no one practice would result

in better birds and more DI‘Ofit than

mating and selecting breeders for

high vitality if for no other charac.

teristic. A good hen is expected to





 





lay five times her body weight in

eggs in one year. This means that

she must lay one egg every three

days and in order to do this she must

consume and assimilate 25 to30

times her own body weight in food.

The laying hen has to be a vigorous

and healthy bird‘ to stand up under

such a task.

Causes of Lack of Vigor.



Too close inbreeding without re-

gard to vigor and increased produc-

tiveness without proper care, help to

contribute to the lack of vitality in

the flock. Too many farmers use the

pullets instead of the mature'hens

for breeding and in a short time the

birds will begin to lack in size and

stamina. Other causes for lack of

vigor are heavy feeding of foodstuffs

that aren’t easily digested, excessive

crowding of breeding stock, lack- of





 





29—413





“Jimmy, Always Give 10. Cents’

Worth ior Every Dollar You Get”





That's what my father said to me when I

was a boy—-and that’s what I’m doing when

I send you my Belle City hatching outfit.

2 216,000 users Will tell you so. am awmg



you more when you compare my B-‘l’lmu





‘ World’s Champion

. :tnelle Ciiym,





blah-n. Pros. ' s

with any other

{Sioulbftor mafia.



on e cases a over . .

best copper tank; nut: "$332: . z:

sery, self-regu sting. F -

Best 140-chick hot-water breeder, ; . ,_ '

$4.85. Brill. $1 1.50. Writs Iur Iran 5; ‘

look inlay or semi price nowand are firm. ~





Bull. City hunter 00.. Bill 14. Racine. Wis.





$6.99 FOR will?“ IIIGIIBIITIIII





With brooder, 58. Also 70-Egg

Incubator, $4. with brooder, 36.

Our Direct From Factory Plan

makes these exceedingly low

prices possible. Machines are ‘



full equipped—all set up and



rea y for use. Write Today for .. ,7 7. , '?

circular. or order direct from

this ad and get started. ?

WOLVEIIIIE SALES COIPAIY.DIM.C.

711 Delaware 8t. , Grand linpids,llieh.





   

 

 

 





 





E. at Rankin, ‘





 





 





 





 





exercise for breeding and laying

stock, careless and improper methods

of hatching, and failure to select

breeders of high physical vigor. Use

male birds that possess a strong body

and have plenty of action. The loud

and frequent crowing of the male and

the cackling of the female are indi-

cations of high vigor and vitality.



The physical condition of the flock

is best indicated by the action and

movement of the birds. The physi-

cally weak are inactive, dull and gen-

erally mope around rather than to get

out and search for food or scratch

for the grain that is fed in the litter.

Grain is placed in the litter for the

purpose of keeping the birds busy

and to give them plenty of exercise.

Invariably the weak birds are the

longest on the perch, going on early

at night and coming off late in the

morning. In extreme cases they

spend a greater part of the day sit-

ting on the perch instead of getting

out and earning their salt. The bird

that gets off the perch the first in the

morning and is the last one on at

night, is the one to keep for breeding

and laying purposes. A flock com-

posed of birds of this nature is a

winner and‘will make themselves

profitable for the farmer to have on

the place.



Symptoms of Lack of Vitality.



The bird that has a long, thin neck,

long beak, narrow head and a long

slender body without any depth,

shows a great lack of vigor. Long

legs and thighs that give the bird a

stilted appearance, and sunken eyes

are also indications of lack of vigor.

Last summer I visited several farm-

ers and took particular notice of

their flocks. At one place the birds

had been badly neglected. Their

heads and bodies showed lack of vi-

tality and vigor, the legs were long

and loose-jointed and the eyes had a

depressed look. Such birds should

not be allowed to exist. Sell them

off, if you can, or better yet, kill

them and get them out of the way.

Get healthy and vigorous looking

stock and begin right. The poor birds

that lack vigor will eat more than

they are worth and never bring in

any returns. The strong bird at any

age should have a bright, prominent

eye, well developed body that has

width and depth, glossy, neat plu-

mage, bright comb and wattles, erect

carriage and should be active in all

its movements. Make a careful selec-

tion of your breeding stock and elim-

inate all those showing traces of

weakness and low vitality. Mate the

strong and vigorous looking cockerels

with mature hens and watch the vi-

tality. of your flock increase.



Indiana. T. W. HARVEY.





There are about a million people

in the United States who keep bees,

of which about 5,000 make bee-keep-

ing a means of livelihood. The value

of the bees’ product amounts to ap-

proximately $25,000,000, which means

some honey and beeswax is produc-

ed. It would take a train 50 miles

long to transport the bee products of

one year.





P F l L E’S 65 VarietIes





LAND and Water Fowls.

raised stock. with e a in season. :

Send 20 for my valuable untrated do- '

scriptive Poultry Book for 1914. Write

Henry Pine. Box 6’16. Freeport. Ill.





POULTRY.





Standard Brod ll. 0. 8 S. C. R. l. Reds





Heav winners at, Ludington 1914 show. Best pens

82 per 1. - good ones 82.25 per 30. Fawn & White Runner

ducks (all first. prizes) eggs 32 per 13. All e gs sent free

by g. potst. and; year'ts sub. to ¥I§%'N%°gftgfl%rfidoi



v n 0 one one omer. ‘



OULTRY FARM. Ludington, Michigan.





FA R M E R5 Are you satisfied with your 633

yield? Do you know the value



Star-ed to: £1350 Stock?13 We cans span; a fe'wlmoro

n a . or e gs. on or on a ogue.

RIVEfiSIDE POSLTRY gARM, Lapeer. Michigan.





ROSE and SINGLE COMB RHODE ISLAND RED



i :nd] INDIANORUNNER DUgK E035. from heavy



w n or ayers. up Winners. ggs an st k for sale.

MRS FRED NAPIER. Novi. Michigan.





OHHNGTous—Single Comb White Cockerels, eggs.

day-old-chicks. Safe delivery guaran-

teed. Orderahend. Mary Thompson,Redford,Mich.





ANCY (S. 0.) WHITE LEGHORN COCKERELS.

Price $2 and $3 each. Choice eggs. 81 per setting.

John McNicolI. Station A.. R. 4. Bay City, Michigan.





,8- 0- Whlic Leghorn fig fiestas. test; 11.93:

mg strain. J. W. VI ‘ S. Montague. Michigan.

Rosa Comb Ilhodl Island Ilod Eggs 133351.33“

BUELL 8308.. Ann Arbor. Michigan

PLYMOUTH liock cockerels 5 to 11 lbs., according to

age, hens 5 to 8 lbs.. 15 eggs $2: Mammoth Bronze





Tom Turkeys 8 to 35 lbs. according to age. Price 38

to $25. 10 eggs 84. A. E. CRAMTON, Vassar. Mich.





—W h . .

F0“ SALE Orepingzgnsthian hillsdtiar‘ig?sbgfikewdh%:





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





trap-nested stock. E s in lots of 50 or more 50 a ieee.

R. H. MACK? DER. Napanee. India‘ha.





EGGS FIJII IIIIGIIIIIG‘SBgt‘é ("”‘”fis‘°’i‘5 $1 ”"153‘



. er .; 61' .



MRS. CALVIN FULLER, Ii. No? 2, Bancroft). Mich,



——From the Bradley strain for



BINBII P. "oak E 3 Hatching at 31.50 per setting.

A. A. PATTUL 0. Deckervllle, Michigan.



R'NOLET BARRED ROCK COCKE RELS FOR SALE.



lhe N. Y. Winning and laying strain. Two for





85. one for 33. Eggs from the noted tr ' 1.50 13.

PLAINVIEW STOCK FARM. Rohiegtnhzichiggln.





FOR SALE——Eggs for hatching from M. Pekin Duck!

and H. 0. Br. Le horns. two best. lines in America.

also a few okrls. at 1.50 each. and two Jersey hull

calves ellg. to reg. Claudia Bette. Hillsdale. Mich.





EEG_‘_D‘Y—Barred Plymouth Rocks, Bred-to—Lny.

‘ E gs. t1.60 er 15: $2.75 per 30.

EGG-A- AY Poultry Ranch. Marshall. Mich.





Barred Ilook E3 15 For $1.50, 100 For $7.





8.

W. 0. OOFFMAIF, R. No. 8. Benton Harbor. Mich.





WHITE LEIiIIIIIlIIS DII-Olfl-CHICKS’g‘Zifii‘Xfl





Maple City Poultry Plant. Box 0.. Charlotte. Mich.





IIAIIIIEII BOOK EGGS FIIII IIIICIIIIIIi‘fibE‘Opgi'fiB'

J. A. BARNUM, Union City. Michigan. '

CHICKS—We ship thousands each season. Booking





orders now for spring delivery. Prices always right.

Free booklet. Freeport Hatchery. Box 12. Frecport. Mich.





BUFF PLYMOUTH BOOKS‘HW’ ._.,.... E...

wants. GEO, w. WAGNsé'lgi Kegnmxtr'ilig'r. 1312::





LILLIE FARI’ISTEAD POULTRY





B. P. Rocks. R. 1. Beds, and 8. C. W.

for sale. 15 for 81: as for $1.50: 50 foLreékfilrn e.-

COLON C. LILLI'E. Cmpenville. Mich.





' ——l"rom white Indi

Eggs For Hatching pom. an... viii?“iiii2§3

guineae. H. V. Hostetier. Route No. 1. St. Jo ns.Mich.





BARRED R CKS. . .

{PRIZE WINNING and Iridianoiilnnniisr (13:32:27. 1&3ng

or sale. eggs $1 u . Circular 1'





chicks. ‘.

EMWOOD FAR . R. R. 13. Grand Kai-glad; Mich.

Pins Cassi YIN“ OmIngIons'Iét‘ilfim“... 033.9535“?

eggs, rite or catalogue. MR .W'IfiLI '

Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak, Miohigagnooan.

BARRED P. Rocks~Cooks. Hens.Cockerels & bullets





for sale. Also trios and pens mated i

antee to satisfy you. Ostrun der Bros. Minglxgv. gig;-





& L wv‘unorl'f [ass—From greatiaylng strain

Satisfaction guaranteed. F. fitColagfeygigggga. Iii/113i:

81LVEB. GOLDEN and WHITE WYANDOTTEB.





White Stock Especially 00d. 3 d f

Browning's Wyandotte Fang, R. 30?nPort(l);ngE"Ia-‘ilil:£:





DOGS AND FERRETS.





Fox and Wolf Hounds





III the besi English :Imn In America



years experience in breeding

these fine bounds for my own

sport. Save your pigs sheep and

poultry. Send stamp for catalog.





'1’. B. HUDSPETH,

Sibley, Jackson County, Mo.





IIIIIIllzI‘IS FDII IIIIIIIIG '“isi’??s§i£“ FEIIIIEIS





den stamp. W. E. LECKY. Holmesville. Ohio.
o





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





APRIL 4, 1914.





 





 





 





Barren Bows Ale _tjo_l

. Profitable Bows





Barrenness in cows can be cured.

Hundreds of cows are sold to the

butcher at their meat value, when

sensible treatment would make them

pay big dividends on their milk

value. The milk producer is the

only kind of cow worth having—and

a barren cow cannot permanently

be a good milk producer.





If you have a barren cow, buy a

50c package of Kow-KURE, the

great cow medicine. Kow-KURE

works on the genital organs, toning

them up and making them perform

their proper functions. Kow-KURE



-is also an unfailing cure for such

troubles as Abortion, Retained

Afterbirth, Bunches, Milk Fever,

Scouring, Red Water and Lost

Appetite.



Aslr your neighbor about KOW-

KURE. Sold by most feed dealers and

druggists in 50c and $1.00 packages.

Send for valuable free treatise. "Cow

Diseases.”





Dairy Association Co.





Lyndonville,

Vermont





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





0R PAIN KILLER FOR THE HUMAN BODY

Gombault’s





caustic Balsam





IT HAS NO EQUAL





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





A _



——It ‘ » t t-



For ing,sd:t’iltilll; dim Perfectly Sale

healing, and for all Old and

i a Sores,Bruises,or ‘



Wounds, Felons, Reliable Remedy

Exterior Cnnccrs,Boils for

Human i“’.“‘?.“:.‘“



II I I H

CAUSTIC BALSAMlhns Sore Throat



no

300’ a l5(:l‘ll:len‘ltls. CheSt GOId

Backacho



We would say to all Neuralgia

who buy it that it does .

opt contain a garticle Spralns

o poisonous su stance -

and therelore no harm Strams

can result from its ex- Lumbago

‘ternal use. Persistent. . .

thoroouhdose will! cure Diphtheria

many 0 or e ronic

ailments and it can he Sore Lungs

used on any case that Rheumatism

requires an outward and

application with . .

perfect safety_ a“ su“ JOInts





 





THE BEST LINIMENT





. REDUCING MARKETING 'cosr.





(Continued from page 406).



and horses by carrying so much of

the freight at times when very little

other traffic occupied the streets.

such a system would enable the city

to establish municipal markets to

serve some of the best residence sec-

tions, and farmers could ship their

products to these markets. In this

way the woman of means, who is

willing to go to the market with her

basket, could buy her supplies with-

out walking through a crowd of fight-





or three transfers from one car line



to another before she arrives at her



home.



Professional Dealer Would be Handi-

capped.



\Vith trolley freight terminals in

various parts of the city the woman

with her basket could meet the farm-

er or his agent in clean and sanitary

places and know that her food pro-

ducts had not been in the hands of

hucksters and dealers who are not

any too particular in storing and

handling such products. Besides these

markets in various parts of the city

would make it difficult for the profes-

sional dealer to get control of all the

products brought into the city, ship





all of the best to other markets, and





dump the cull stuff on the home mar-

ket. I doubt if one reader in ten

realizes that the bulk of the really

good produce that reaches the aver-

age large city market finds the tables

of the consumers in that city. The

best products are repacked and ship-

ped by fast freight and express to big

eastern market centers and the in-

ferior stuff sold to the retail trade in

the home city. If we had better sys-

tems of distributing farm products

nutter they reach the city terminals

such conditions could not continue.

The Way it is Now Done.





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





REMOVES lllE SORENESS--STRENGTHENS MUSCLES

Cornhill. Tex.—-"One bottle Caustic Balcony did



my rheumatism more good than $120.00 paid in



doctor'sbiils.” OTTO A: BEYltR.

Price 81.60 per bottle. Sold by drugglato, or sent



by no express prepaid. Write for Booklet. R.



The lAWREflCE-WILLIIMS COMPANY. Cleveland. 0.





 

 





 





 





 





 





\R‘hat would such a system of trol-

ley distribution mean to the farmer

and market grower? A truck grower

lives twenty-five miles from the city,

to which he hauls two or three loads

of produce each week. He leaves

home along inihe afternoon and gets

to the market around midnight. Gro-

ing to bed for a few hours, he is up

early the next morning to sell his

products. The start back home will

be made before noon, and he arrives

home in time for supper. \Vith a

schedule like this he must spend four

days each week going to market and

only two days on his farm. His horses

are hardly fit for two days’ work on

the farm. He ought to have a bed

and warm meals in town. The total

cost for team, board and his time for

each trip runs somewhere from six to

eight dollars. Then. too, there are

many times when he does not sell his

load before the rush of city purchases

are over, and he finds himself with

the bulk of his load on his wagon. At

such times he is practically at the

mercy of a certain ring which de-

mands his load at their own price,

which he must accept or haul it back

to his farm where it will be practical-

ly worthless to him.



How the New Plan Would Work.





 





Suppose this same farmer lives on

,a trolley line running its freight cars





ing humanity, and then making two,





he now can a two to five hundred

shipment.



In some cities that now have ad-

vanced trolley facilities the cost of

shipments amounts to from eight to

16 cents per hundred pounds, accord-

ing to distance and classification. The

farmer ships a ton of produce for

from two-to three dollars, and his

fare for the round trip at commuta-

tion rate will amount to about anoth-

er dollar. As he need not miss more

than one meal at home, and spends

only the mornings each week going

to market, the cost need not exceed

five or six dollars, including time. His

team is at work six days a week on

the farm; he works four and one-half

days at home.



Where the Middleman is Hardly



Needed.



In every locality and in every class

of business, experts are busy devising

means to shorten the route from pro-

ducer to consumer. The results of

much of this work have, as yet, had

slight effect upon the consumer’s

prices because the bulk of farm pro-

ducts take the old round-about route

after they reach the city terminals.

The hope of the future is that

through proper activity on the part

of city, state and public-spirited trans-

portation companies. the shorter

route which will remove the middle-

men may be made the standard for

all farm products.



If the city authorities would co-op-

crate with transportation companies,

consumers and farmers in the estab-

lishment of chains of municipal mar-

kets the problem of reducing the high

cost of living would be in a fair way

to be solved. There are many so-

called city markets, but they are not

markets in which the producer and

consumer meet. They are controlled

by groups of profssional city dealers.

Farmers do not play. any important

part in selling and distributing food-

stuffs because the markets are not in

residence sections, so that they can

meet the woman with her basket. The

modern housewife does not like to

seek the distant market, and when

she does go to market it is because

she wants to meet the farmer, or his

agents, in a clean and sanitary place.

The Place of the Dealer ls Limited.



The commission dealer and produce

broker will always play an important

part in the national distribution of

farm products, however, their ser-

vices are not essential in selling in

the city the products raised in the

surrounding country. The possibility

of reducing the costs of food distribu-

tion lies primarily in increasing and

bettering ficilities for handling the

products in the city. The shorter

route between farmers and city dwell-

ers will then become a means for ad-

ding to the farmers profits as well as

increasing the purchasing power of

the city dwellcr’s dollar.



\Vould such a system of advanced

trolley service benefit the city dwell-

ers in other ways than reducing the

cost of farm products? Why not?

Other freight could be taken on and

delivered from one of the city ter-

minals to another in a different part

of the city. A car of potatoes, fruit

or other products received from a

long distance by a steam road could





 





BELGIANS

They Are Here!





[-I. & H. Wolf, importers of Belgian

Horses exclusively, advise old and

prospective patrons that their new 1913

importation is now in their barns. It

Is in all respects by far the most se-

lect lot of horses of this breed that

have ever been stubled in their barns.

Big, weighty, typey drafters of quality

all through, that challenge comparison

with the Best Anywhere. A select lot

of mares. too. Get our terms and Guar-

antee. This will interest you as much

as the horses.





Hewo Stock Farm

Wabash, Indiana

More than a quarter century



I with the breed.





 





 





 





 





m

Special Announcement.





The fine lot

of horses re-

ceived in our

last two import-

ations are now

in fine shape

and you are

invited to come

and see Ameri-

ca’s foremost

selection of





Belgians &. Perohorons

BELL BROS., Wooster.0hlo





W





JNO. CRAWFORD,

Horse Importer,

Byron, Mich.





70 Head for Sale





Percheron, Hackney and

Clydesdale Stallions.

Also Some Fine Percheron & Hackney Mares

with foal. Now gentlemen I am





going to sell. Be sure to get my

price before you buy.





15 Black Percheron Stallions

MUST BE SOLD.





$250.00 AND UP.

A. A. PALMER & SONS, Belding, Mich.





For Sale or Exchange $5.32.".3‘ assess

Percheron Stallion 4 years old. Also pair or Mules

well matched. weight. 2400. and one Registered Holstein

cow due March 20. R. B. Noll. Vickeryville,Michigan,





FOR SALE—Imported black Percheron Stallion,

weight 2100. Can show colts from

one to five. No better stock horse in Mich Priced





to sell. J. o. TEDROW, Forest Hill, Michigan.





AUCTION! AUCTION ll AUCTION l !!





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘4’“.





_...—4Lw:





 





w; ""WMW w—q *





“you”... r ..

i





_ 7‘, . W < ‘ *tg”g“*‘~.r ..~.





 





Memm‘mnmred ‘into a city having advanced market be handled from their terminals by

01' horses and mules every MondAY. Private sale





REGARDLESS of price or any other facilities 81101] as I have above ont' the trolley t0 the various 111ark€tS. It daily. Fromtwotoflvehundredheadalwaysonhand.





reason Save—the-Horse is the cheapest lined. He ma live 50 or 100 miles 1 wever to re - farm mares nndtlhunksv delivery and wagon horsees

remedy known. It goes through and throug y WOUId be necessary, 10 , g zwement sore c't’y home“ and drafters “Dd work





 





   





 





 





if.





. . . . . MULE 00.. Union Stock Yarda.B thSt.P i. Mi

33:;yA¥gsfrog3c§; Epiis'i‘lngatflznhsfiagt {some of his neighbors can load a trol- of materlals that could be handled by 0“ a" n"'

' ,ley car with the products of their the trolleys, as well as to limit the REGISTER“) PEllcllEllllNS‘i-fli sd'aE'sd‘i'fiJX:

Al 8 - ‘

Why We Gig MIR. I Contract to GINO. . . . _ . always welcome. I“. L. King do Son, harlotte. Mich.

”'LDWOOd'Ind-vMamh 10-1913 out early on the evening so that It The foregoing is snnply an outline F0" SHE Ibis he yboned Reg P h 8“

our (1 the here of bone snavin. I 11 :- mended it; ' ' v ‘ ' ' ' _ av ' ' ere eron a '

macnemm, :th cmedubouespfl;,g‘f $313k Stevens. Will be on the terminal early the next of the DOSSlbllltleS of such a system lion.iyr. old post. AlsoZReg. Percheron

i rie ——Treatin Ever Kid t R b ‘ - - . - .—. . .

_T?o:§3{n:s§)AVIN_a%d AHL_£h031dmm§(§§e° home, get up early the next morning, The movement is sure to character- (9,13,33,12333,95331,1353?ggglllgggglgggrgggé

for Spavin; how to locate and treat. 58 forms or ‘

LAMENESS—lllust'ated- isame way, and be at the same ter- in the future. The only question will Perch...” “among—Pfirezpred Ppgcherggogtallion

ATE. But. write and we will send our—BOOK— ’minal to meet his car the next morn- be whether the movement will be un- lbs. 8400 tomench. Si’ofi'N €§M°Es.vhtiron.t3dig?

Sample Contract and Advice—ALL FREE to (Horse . . . . . .

After disposmg of his products dertaken by organizations wholly PEROHERONS_Th.0n1ymm,n them“ when





 





both bone andtiswenit worksinside,not out- from the city instead of 25. He, and ulate the service and limit the kinds arses of every kind. South srratmnonsnam)

can work as usual.

,farms in a few hours, send the car hours for this traffic. 9° 0‘“ mar” allazeummem “068- Visitors

Troy Chemical Co, Binghampton, N. Y. I have i

. . . . . . if l.M.A.B .Ok . , ,

OURLATESTSave-The—HorseBOOthourngem-g' morning. He can go to bed at 1118 of crty d1str1but10n of farm products. “"9" n 0“ my “'1‘” hgbamooimch

AnklevHW‘ “”dTend“ D‘Be”e—T“"s 11°“ ‘° Te“ iboard a passenger car bound the ize the distribution of such products OrwrltevH-B-PetemBurton-Mioh-Eli-StanElem

OUR CHARGES for Treatment ARE MODER-

Owners and Managers—Only). Address, ing.





- ‘ ' ' ' ' ' ’ _ International first. 1" wt h ve t ll

“OYCflElllCALCO. 2:“‘"'fi'§'$;312‘h§§3§;"‘t he 0:11 reach hhome 1n dtime to 133d w1th1n.the cities, 0’11:th 1farmers co been ”131d “g““;°d-d (310,555,205 “33:13:, aaggodacodg ni

t e erese a - e- res-0M eo . . ' tam .

Willa hafizrhyxcrmr we send by “we, anot er car t e‘same ay. n t s operative unions. ' e s .orter route "rem 0 n c we! more m r ich

Post or Express paid. way he could deliver a car of 1118 pro- ought to mean higher prices to the SOfMEsflllle ouni registered Clydesdale Stallions

. . l'

ducts to the particular section of the farmers and lower prices to the con- will?nak:&nrgglmtlowi¥lelnlgtgl%f itii‘iliiii'i‘m ‘





- action. be sold before the first 1' A i.

W. MILTON KELLY. . A. sz. Canoe. Michigan?“





 





 





 





.' "Saw our ad. in the Michigan , ,

' JIISt Sly Formal" when writing advertisers olty desored for less cost per ton than sumers.
APRIL 4, 1914.9 ‘





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





flllllllllllllllEllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg

E



I E"



V ctcrinary. E

glllllll||lllIlllllllllllllIll|lllll|lllll||llllllll|||lllIlllll|l||llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllll'EITE





CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V.





Advice through this department is

Each com-





symptoms of the case in full; also

name and address of writer Initials

only will be published. Many quer-

ies are answered that apply to the

same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably

find the desired information in a re-

ply that has been made to someone

else. When reply by mail is request-

ed. it becomes p1 Nate practice, and a

fee of $1. 00 must accompany letter.





Strangles—Rheumatism—Cow Has

n’o Appetite. ———My seven- year- -old mare

is suffering from distemper, abscess

formed between jawbones, broke op-

en and some of the throat glands re-

main hard and swollen. She has

shown some lameness in hind legs

when starting, but it has about dis-

appeared. ! have a cow that does

not eat well, no matter what kind of

food is offered to her, and she is los-

ing flesh rapidly. i suspect she is

hungry, but food may distress her af-

ter it is eaten. L. B., Cheboygan,

Mich. —Apply one part iodine and 20

parts fresh lard to swollen glands

once a day and continue using a three

per cent solution of carbolic acid to

wound twice a day, and give her a

teaspoonful of hyposulphite of soda

and a teaspocnful of powdered nitrate

of potash at a dose in feed three

times a day. Give your cow 1 oz. of

fluid extract gentian, 1 oz. fluid ex-

tract cinchona and 1 dr. tincture nux

vomica at a dose three times a day.

Her stomach may contain one or

more foreign bodies which have punc-

tured wall of stomach and are now

injuring internal viscera, and if so

she will gradually weaken and die.



Obstructed Teat.——I have a cow that

was stepped on, injuring one teat;

now the lower-part of quarter is

blocked, and I would like to know

what to apply. W. S., Lansing, Mich.

—Apply one part'fluid extract of bel-

ladonna, one part fluid extract phy-

tolacca and four parts camphorated

oil to quarter once or twice a day.

You may find it necessary to use a

milking tube.



Ringbone-.——I have a four-year-old

colt with ringbone on left fore leg

situated low down. I applied red io-

dide mercury and cantharides once a

week for three weeks, but he is no





better. L. T., Clarksville, Mich.—

Have him fired.

Glandular Swelling.——My seven-





year-old mare had distemper and it left

her with two hard bunches on lower

jaw. W. B. S., Edwardsburg, Mich.—

Apply one part iodine and nine parts

fresh lard to bunches two or three

times a week.



Collar Boils—Impure Blood—Gar-

get—I have a six-year-old horse that

has been troubled with collar boils

ficr the past few years and I am in-

clined to believe his blood is impure.

I also have a cow that freshened in

December that is troubled with caked

udder, affecting one quarter. M C.,

Kingsley, Mich. -—Give your horse a

dwsertspoonf-ul of Donovan’s solution

of arsenic at a dose in feed three

times a day. Also give him a tea-

spoonful of powdered nitrate of .pot-

ash once a day. Give your cow 1/é oz.

of hypo- sulphite of soda at a dose in

feed three times a day. Gently hand-

ru‘b caked quarter once a day, apply-

ing one part iodine and 20 parts fresh

lard to caked portion of udder every

day 01 two.



Exostosis on Hock—Fibrous Growth

in Calf’s Mouth. —My seven- year- o-ld

horse has a small bony bunch on

hock which does not cause lameness,

and he also has two splints that do

no harm. I also have a calf that has

a growth in mouth which causes the

lower lip to bulge out, caused, I im-

agine, by calf bumping pail. G. H.,

Rapid City, Mich. «Apply one part

red iodide mercury, one part iodine

and ten parts fresh lard to bunch

twice a week. The growth in calf’s

mouth should be cut out, otherwise it

cannot be treated successfully.



Suppurating Foot—Driving mare

went lame in fore foot, pus formed,

heel opened, and now the entire foot

is full of matter, and Ithink hoof will

drcp off. I have applied creoline, also

zinc, lead and copper washes without

helping her. W. U. N., Lake City,

Mich. ——-The hoof will surely shed and

it is doubtful if it will pay you to try

to save her. The foot should be im-

mersed in one part carbolic acid and

30 or 50 parts water and when she is

out of5 tub apply one part iodoform

anal 5119.113 water to foot twice a

day. There are many other healing

solutions that will giro you abcntthe

some menus.





 





THE NILES IRON

& STEEL RFG. CO.





Manufacturer. for 30 year.





 





The World's Best Gnlvnnlzod 6

Pointed ng. which Is proof ngnlnof

FIRE. WIND. LIGHTNINGORAIN





FREEC CATAL OG AND PRICES

SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.





The lllles lron I. Steal lllg. G... Ill», 0th.

JACKS nod MULES





Raise mules and get rich.

18 Jack and Mule farms un-

der one management. where

can be soon 260 head flne

lar Jocks. Jenuys and

Moon .14 to 17 hands high.

Good ones. Stock guornn-

teed. Write for p r l c e 11

today. Address

KREKLEB' S JACK FARM



West Elkton. Ohio.

Brunch borne. Clinton. Ind.





Feedingm Molasse





to ur in nunnteod incl-once our-profits

$.50 “gaunt. gFor coo tfnad full yculnl'l. write





3. Ll!ol1floll.flichlun.





109.411 consignment 3111.100





OF REGISTERED





HOLSTEIN CATTLE





Wednesday, Aprll 22. al 12 M.





Sole mu 1»! 11.111 11- the city at Howell. Living-

ston 60.. Mlch.. rain or shine.





This in our 4th nnnud solo. and we aim ouch your

to put up u better class of cattle.’1‘hoy are 1 fine

lot of cattle. including many with A. ..0 records.

They no from the host families of tho brood. such-11

Hon ervolds. DeKols Pontiacs. King of the Ponti-

nco. Kl Sets. Pontiac Komd kc. Croce ane 2d.



.55; to lo nlo Concordia. 30.811le DoKol Poul.

30.05 2 Fontln'c 01011111110 11911011111. 37.21.01.991: ean‘.

trillnSdJll 71:31 lsidoD o D031”. Alsoboorinmind

our concignments areal nllfomnloanost all from or bred

15° ouch dock no montilonod chore. Ontolog April 8.



mm 8. CU BDY. Mary.

0012.. PERRY a 001.. KELLEY. Anotlonoc nears.





COLL": PUPS tain°mmrera



J. E. HUNT. R. No. 1. Hill-dale. Mulligan.



. on SALE ct Howell: Livery dock]: buggiesa

busses. etc: oloo good brick llvovrvy barn. took on





b rn togethoro rstockcc crate. ouldoxc ban for

3301 form. William and bert Jubb. Howell. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





BREEDEIS’ DIREC'NIY. ~





1 n I H

llolsloln Frmnn calllc Effie. £313°§$iaaauzlmf£m§

for dam and slre' l dam A. 11.0. at 4 yrs. butter 7 61115

28.37 lbs. No stock for solo. W. :8. Reader. Howell, Mich.





 





Th0 Michigan llama and Raining School, Lave“ -





Offers Choice Purebred Holstein ull Calves. 1 to 7

mo. old. Also choice grade Holstein heifers out of good

milk producing dams. List furnished upon application.





0 Herefor- colcn 5-month old son of KING BEGIS

PONTIAC HOWELL. grand son of Kin of the

Pontlnoc. Dam is a grand- daugv“: tor of Foot. ac Korn—

dyke. Price $1 100. dell vered. 1-1 to for particulars.

HE BERT L. SMITH. Shiloh. Mlchl gall.





BIGELGW’S fl0LSTEIN FARMS





Breedsvllle, iMichigan.

Breeder of hi ghdo-





Registered Holsteins.

“Top-Notch" Holstolno.





Choice bull calves from 1 to 3 mo. old. of fashion-

nblo brooding and from dams with oflclal milk

Ind butter records for solo at reasonable prices.





HOPHEISON PAR“! 00.. Howell. Mlohlglll.





Purebred Registered

HOLSTEIN CATT L E





The Greatest Dnlry Brood

Send for FREE Illustrated Booklets

fichtcin-I‘riouinn. Auo.,ch l64, BrnttloboroNt.





3 Fine Foundation lords for Sale.





HE BD No. 1—1 3-year-old hull with 27 lb. dm.

5 3-year-old A. ll. 0. heifers..me A R. O. dams and

A. R. sires and all bred to A. R. bulls. Ohoiceat

breeding. flne conformation. perfect udders.

nicely marked, and a. chance to start where it

would otake cars to breed u to.

2—-earling bull wit 4 world’ 9

his breed l.ng

1 10-year-old. 26 years old. 22yonrs old and 1 3

can old. and’ .1 of them bredtc A. R. bulls, the

b not brod. All A. R. O. cows.



HERD No. 3—1 four months bull from 333-111.le

and out of a 21-lb. grand daughter of Paul Boobs

DoKol. 5 three months old olfcro from AB. 0.

dams and by n 27- lb.



Bulls and calves always for sole.





L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





ESPANORE FARM,





LANSING. MICH.





Register’dHolsleins





lull Galve- 550 to $200.

An absolute guarantee with each purchase.





 





‘in





50W WEIGHED 952 L35.

A 23 MONTHS OLD





‘ IONIAOIRL





I have started more breeders on the road to soc-—

0653 than any man living. Ihavo thalargoat and tin-

est herd 1n the U. 8. Every one an early developer.





ready for the market at. six months old. wont to



lace one ha in each community to advertise my‘

n.ord Write or my plan. “How to Make Money from

on.” c. 8. a:anmu.n.u._1o Pom-nu. Huh.





 





 





o I c I —Full pigs. either sex at a bar 11111

I I I 3 Book lng orders for March & prll

furrow. MAPLE LEAF FARM. Dcford. Michigan.





0 I C 9 —I HAVE A NICE LOT 01‘



. . 3. LAST FALL GILrs 0N



HAND. OTTO B. SCHULZE. One-half mlle

west of Depot. Nashville.





Michigan.

—Bred ilts all sold,

0- II c- SWINE have a‘No. of fipring

pigs on hand. Will book orders for So 1:. pigs.

got my Jprice 011 pairs and tries not a in.

J. GORDON B. No. 2. Don. Mich.





 





 





0 l C —18 months and 4 months boars. Also

taklug orders for s rln pigs. Oak View

Farm. N. H. Weber. Prop.. oys, Oak. Michigan





 





o I c —16 sows bred for spring furrow. 30 £31

and y, Write your





lar e

wants. uffioon‘srocx FARM Zoelnnd Mich.





 





Chester Whites—Fall pigs. either-sex. orders taken

for spring pics. Write your wants. Price 1111:1111

ity right. Meadow View Stock Form. Holland.





— Hts—0rd tnk f

Chester "hilt: .33.. $123131 001119 11°]: 1101:1911”.

Bulls at Bargains. FAY B. PARHAM.

o I 058 All cold. Would be pleased to book

I I your order for s r1n1gs.



c. J. THOMPSON. Rockfouf). M‘icfil Igan.

0. I. C. GlLTS’E’i‘l-flfél’éé’ 'liff’kfifi

CLOVER LEAF STOCK FARM. Monroe. Mich.



— ll

BUR“ JERSEYS bO‘nedp dpigpgfggiergahagifi‘n)





F. J. DBODT. Monroe. Michigan. Route No. 1





roneon. M 1011.





 





 





 





 





~0holce fall llts.Bept.far1-ow

lluroc Jerseys... mmmg. mm... s o

BTAHLMAN. Cherry Lawn Form. B. 2. Shepherd. Mich





DUROCS—Ad good growthy fall pig immunod

and bred for August furrow will

make you money. Give me your order now for

May shl ment. Also fall boars ready for service.





 





 





BORN L. M. HATCH.

2132?]? 1.181181161186191. EOwnors. Supt. KON FARM. Klndorhook Michigan.

—14 mo. old. also 0R SALE DUROC JERSEYS—0 ll B 13855

12' slimy. w“ 1W 1°

NEWMA STOCEQ FARM. Mal-latte. Michigan: or pr 06. e c. . . anghnrt Lansing. Michigan.





 





OR SALE CHEAP.

cow. bred from best stock ntM

Erdenheim Farm. Bired by thro well- known Royal

Majesty. Wm. H. Huron-rt“. 62 Goethe. Avon Detroit, Mich.





Registered Jet-cg 16111 and

eorge’ s





 





JERSEY —Bulls calves bred for loduct-

ion. Also cows and otters.

Breakwater Form. B. F. D. No. '1. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





 





CATTLE.





ANGUS CATTLE FOR SALE





We have on hand several choice pure- bred Angu-

bull calves which can be sold for immediate dol ivory

These calves are sired by Louis of Viewpont. a Grand

Son of Lucy' a Prince. the ternntionul Grand

Champion bull for three yours in succession. We

also have for sale a few choice heifers from this hard

bull. Wl ll make a price on Louis of Viewpoint as

some of his heifers are old enough to breed. Address





GLENWWD FARM, Addison,Mlchlgan.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD FOUNDED IN 1900.

Strainuro resented consist of Trojan Erloas. Black-

blrds and l”Bi-Moo, only. Black uallty Ito. a hull of

rare individuality and merit. endsth chord.



WOODC COTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Moll.





AY RSHIREs—Onlel of the “£2:ng Wilt: greegoc.

r

doccrlptlon. Michiganl mashing-1.1711». olich-





FOR SALE—1:: tussle" ....





C. B. UNDEBHILL. New Hudson. Michigan,





HEREFORD BUL Wm... .1.





1 18 monthl old.

AISLE N 3308.. Paw M. Michigan.





 





F 8 I ~Choice Guernsey Bull calve Sircd by Im’ p-

or I I Dennies “Befiuel 14630. out of one second to

none. EDWIN MIL ER. Birmingham. Michigan.





GUERNSEYS-Rog. Tuberculln Tested. Vllndor.

moro Form. Waleryllet. Mich-

J. K. BLATOHFOB‘D. Auditorlun Tower. Chicago. Ill





(\UERNSEY BULL CALF, nicely marked. .3 weeks

I old great grandson of Gov. Chane. $50 tak as him.

AVON‘DALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.





Registered Holstein Bull 101 Sale





Up-lo-Dale Victoria Klng Korndyke

I4—lur-llld Bull. Will: llnqmlionlblc lacking





His sire is brother to the first 38- lb. cow and the first.

two 37- lb. cows. while his dam is 11 full sister to the

first 40- lb. oow. Valdesso Scott 2nd (411. 88 lb.) His site

also carried '15 5 of the blood of Pontiac Korndyko.

the only bull to have eleven 30-lb. daughters and the

only one with a con havinga. 44-lb. “lite Thus

this young sire combines the blood of the two hl best

record cows of the breed. K. Pontiac Laos (44. lb.)

and Val deoon Boots and (41.88 lb.)





“Ll BABIES. 490 Guild Iv... Moll, Mich.

IOLSTEIN BULLS AT FARMERS PRICES





by one of the boot bulls of America.

LONG BEACH FARM. Augusto. Kalamazoo 00.. Mich.





REG HOLSTEIN BULL. 4 months old. mostly white. Ell

aura but 12 A. ll. 0. 11-;an His ¢rnnd|lro hu 98 A.

11.0. dunghbrs. 4 obovoao lbs. Ills dam is on A. B 0.

daughter of In “'5 (Hyde DoKol. 6 A. 10.11.31”.

Only ’95 delivered Worth $150.W1'il>e for pedigree.

HOBART W. FAY. Mason. Mich! lgan.





HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CATTLE BREEDERS of

high record cows. Young bulls at former: prices.

ONES & LUTZ. Oak Grove. Michigan.





A “w “ole!“ Holltéoln eBriefing-0811“ 3:01:12?





GREGORY l BORDER. Howell. Mfghlmx

a. lateral 1101M bull calf B kl

8m 1 00 x wimmua 1M". 1115. grade 11.15:? e311

old.“ when, not. akin. 3. I. luv-y, Akron ,lldh.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





invite pox-Ion





 





Fancy bred Duroo J omen—Boar's dz Gilts of spring &

summer fox-row. Good individuals at reasonable

prices. John McNicoll. Station A. R4. Bay City. Mich.





Klllll-EL 8100K FIRM {$33535 3322 {3331311.





prices. E. It. CORNELL. Howell Michigan.





 





 





Dorcas—25 large high classy sows, bred for Marth A

April to Barney Crimson. Cherry Advance 1: Oakland

Fancy. Write or come ll 808. J. C. Burnoyfloldwnter. Mich.





 





finf'r'rwown ycorlvlng bulls. well bred and .woll

vi’nAIKER. Howell. Michigan.





High-Grade Cattle-

High-Grade F armors





The '57.;de

Jersey Cow





I: one of the most high-grade animals ever developed

by man. The high-grade farmer demands the high-

gnde cow. No breed equals the Jersey for the eco-

nomical production of high- grade milk and butter.

No breed equals the Jersey for intensive fannmg.





Send for information to





THE AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB

324 W. 2311 Street, New York





Lllllo Farmstead Jorooxo

(Tubcmnlln coated. Gnmnbooclf bor-

colonic.) Several good bulls and bull onlyoo out of

good dairy cows for sale. No lomnlol for solo at



numbed.





present. Bot-inf notion

COLON N.C LIL] . Cooper-ville. mob.





 





 





FOR SAL —4 Shorthorn bull onlves 6

months old. All reds and

good ones. W. O. OSIUS. Hillsdnle. Michigan.





 





F 0 R SAL Ezfl'fi’. 1313153111333 1132111111“

FRANK uomnnonnn Lainggburg. Mich. a No. 2

”All" “Ell “WWW“ 3513.8: 332232;“53171





all sold. J. B. HUMMEL Mason. Michigan.





SHORTHORN CATTLE





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.

HORTHORN BULLS, 1‘2. all ages. Best of breeding. Pril‘cs





right. Also 1’. C. hugs and Oxford Sheep. (3. W. CRUM.

Secy.. Cont. Mich. Shorthorn Breeders Ass'n, McBridel. Mich.





lllllllflA SllllllTHORll BULLS—lilomlfi‘E‘mnofi‘iifilw‘i





mum BROS. Almont. Michigan.

SHEEP.





rr PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED 311111511 or ‘

PARSONS "2" 5:13:53?



' Biddle... 1.11.43 “1’11:



’ . PARSONS.GrandLedge.Mlch. 111,





H

H008.

-—A few extra 8 t. 80 rs and l unch

qua'W” of Gil Its for 1:12 of April fol-row.

M. T. STORY, Lowell, Mich.. Citizens Phone55 .

BERNIE Choice spring hours and glltc.

£1- rlood move quick. Farmer-

stock ELMHURS STOCK FARM. Almcnt. Mich





'Enlsn'aE—Oholoe fall Bonn and (glits fifteelefit

WHITE OAK bufz'of‘a “I” Nwflufi’fgn lCl’tey. 319211.





101 1111111111111: 1011 19,; 1‘1531': 33;;





d rlced rl ht. A few fall gllts. either bred or

3391311 .L.‘A.LLIS, RNo. 9. Adrian. Mich 1m





0. I c 1908thde for gonoffarrow.‘ We are

I l‘ 1‘



JOHN mmfnno ‘ sohfro‘f-Esndongci’ge'f'nfigl



. I. c" —Gllto bred for hJuno fan-ow. A few





3' O!

o r .1111) new onmm. Indian 53.. 11151331..





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





MIMIC JERSEYS—l Yearling Ioar For Sal:





CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.





—Sprlng boots from prize-win-

Buroc'Jel-seys RnlnfiN strains. Bows all age-

Brookwater Farm.R . .7. Ann Arbor.Mich.

l‘BGE IYPE P cl—Largest in Mich. Bred gllu



. all sold Afcw fall pigs

left. Watch this space for somoth 11g large and





good. they lease where ever th

W. .. IVINGSTON. Parma.Tchhlgan.





— w

POLAND CHINAS 113$? E13329: “fund?

Prices right. W. J. HAGELBHAW. Augusta. Mloh.

POLANDd CHHBA SWINE Shorthorn cattle. Oxford





sheep and B. 1’. Books. High grade Holstelns

and Guernsey cal1es. Robert Neva. Pierson.Michigan.





POUND CHINA ‘$§£.:;“lllt‘tlz%ld $23.61*”?

W. HOLTON. R. NO. 11. Kalamazoo. Mich.





Poland China Boar; Sow: End, All ollhn Big Type.





A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





UTLER'S Blg Boned Prolific Poland Chinas. Grow

big. kee easy. mature early. ready for market at

6months. y? Because we've bred them that way

for more than 20 years We have 25 big boned boars

ready for service. Buy one and make more money on

i’our hogs. You can '1: get any better at any rice.

0 History Free. .0. BUTLER Portland. ich.





 





Fall Pl 9 and Minorca



Pallnd china Bred sows cockerelgs. Satisfaction

guaranteed. R. W. MILLS. Saline. Michigan.

Bred gilts all sold





Large Type P. I?- have one dandy

sprln boar yet.HCan81-1VpareBlA Wonder. “eight

close lbs. Alt’l‘Zg Bohoolcraft Mich.





 





 





30 Poland China. Full Pigs—Good ones from immune

cows ‘10 and $15 each. while they last. Bred sow

sole Feb. 27th. send your name for catalog if you want to

buy Big Types with Quality. Wm. Waffle. Goldwater-Jllioh.





350 BIG TYPE MULE FOOT BOOB—America's

Champion Herd Prol lflc hard Beat for Mich.

Also Ponies. J. DUNLAP. Box'M “ifliamsport. Ohio





YORKSHIRE SWINE Bears all sold Yearling





sows bred for March furrow. Weanllng igs ready

May lat. GEO. S. McMULLEN. Grand Le go, M1011





1111111 1001 regenerate-v Bog-1.21;

Oookerols. FRA K ABTLETT. Dryden}: Mich.





Brod sows. bred ilts and hour

"u'e F005 pigs. not related. or sale. Sntis

faction guaranteed. G..C KREGLOW. Ado. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 





Fan s‘LE—Yorks‘hlres. milk fed. spring pigs and a.

flaw cows bred for April furrow. Prices

JOBSE. Mt. Clemens, Michigan.





Yorkshire: Guaranteed to not die of Cholera. Pmllflc.

long deep and well fleshed. Feb. and March

pigs. Trios not nkin.Boars.01-lbbs 31-419., Watervlletflkoh.





YORKSHIRES





The lot 9. long- bodied, heavy- boned rollflo kind.

Bows an gllts bred for spring furrow. head of Sep-

tember.00tober and November pigs. Prices reasonable.





W. C. COOK. R. 42, Ada. Mlchlgon.





lillie Farmstead Yorkshires





Fall pigs. either sex.





reasonable





81311-111ng gilts osplendiid ones."

I' :1 far

bfion c.1.1LL1§ coop'mvlm. Mlcmun
“There is no ‘guess-so’ with 8211- which are looking better than they one. of our horses. It surely does the

Vet. Results are so apparent that have for a long time. Also fed ‘Sal- busmess all right, and I consider that

there is no room for doubt. My cows Vet’ to my hogs, which are now en- it keeps the digestive organs in good





increased one-third in milk at the end tirely free from worms.” condition and does better work gen-

of the first week's use.” ORSA RUPLE, erally than many other remedies.”

H. E. FARRAR, Spruce, Mich. Rt. 3, Watervliet, Mich. CHAS. PETT,

“ ‘Sal-Vet’ has been a great help to “After all other remedies had fail- Muskegon, Mich.

my stock, especially to my horses, ed, ‘Sal-Vet’ destroyed the worms in f‘My pigs were full of worms, and





I’ll Fe ed

Your Stock





60 Days

Before You Pay





 

 





 





I’ll Save





.v

.\».\x





,T.‘ .

///4,. . "





 

 





 





 

 

 





 

 





. l/

l:' a." k\ a





\ \ I. \ . // -' EN‘

\\\\\ V \ K V . ‘ ,‘\/\l {II'IQ §\\‘m —";=.§-— 4‘





I’ll Prove ll On Your





 

 





\\





\





Worm

Destroyer





L





 





to get all the benefits of the rations fed.





5""5" R' "5"" 9"" Tell me how many head of stock you have and I’ll ship Look For



THE S. R. F EIL COMPANY I you enough SAL-VET to feed them 60 days. You simply pay 5"“: Sir'zr . . This label

Dept. wu= 4.4.14 Cleveland, 0. the freight on arrival—feed it as directed. At the end of two I, '5 A: 9' 7' ”Taiiicfaég‘s: ‘



_ Ship me mug}, Saw... .0 last mystockeodayg 1 months report results. If SAL-VET has not done all I claim, 15?“. .eflixa 2333;51b3‘imi‘331



351‘.€2.33:éizififiishits;£2?".;f£€il.%se 35.53;? {8; 1’11 cancel the charge — you won’t owe me a Single penny. 33::- b... .33,”





it if it does what 3'0“ defin- If It does mt» you are to Send the coupon today and begin action against worm pests—

the greatest enemy you have to contend Within raising stock.





cancel the charge.





Name ......................................................

I “6'" SIDNEY R. FEIL, Pres.





P.0 ........................................................ _ _ .

I The S. R. Fell 00., Mfg. Chemists sateen-3.2mm...assess:





Shipping Sta .............................. State ............





Dept.MF CLEVELAND, OHIO





 





No. of Sheep ........ Hogs ........ Cattle ........ Horses ......





a!

l;





a?

w/“W/fl/ ’l , ‘ .

% ., g

. //)‘/, fl





own 8'0 Ck man! Is A Pleased Customer



"I am as strong for SAL-VET as ever.

I don’t ask you to pay me one single cent until you have fed SAL-VET for 60 days

and seen With your own eyes it’s wonderflfl merit. I don’t aSk you to send me a penny hogs as none have died smce I fed it. 8‘

until I prove to you, on your own stock, the great value of SAL-VET as a worm destroyer “108588- Rt. No_ 1, Hutgfigfiggi-Mo.

and conditioner. I have shipped tons and tons of SAL-VET to readers of this paper who “no, chm, i... mp”... mo“...

have accepted my “no money down” offer. I want an opportunity to show you who have own .0... escaped. 1 have been feeding





not yet accepted it, that it pays, and pays big to feed SAL-VET regularly to all your farm it for double the pricgggmg, Mm“,

stock —— Hogs, Horses, Sheep or Cattle. You have nothing to risk — everything to gain. Rt- 11°} “WW“ Ind-





The Great



_ ood

L'Ve Stock gevshetiiostfii: SAL-VET arrived, our hogs

conditioner were considered as ood as dead, but,





makes all animals thrive better, look better, destroys and expels intestinal and stomach toSAL-vm. theycametmngh aurigm.

worms which prey on the digestive tract, robbing your animals of vitality and strength seaweeds 555ityyx§§3di $3.223?

and keeping them in an unthrifty, unprofitable condition. SAL-VET will put them in condition to and prevent“... to feed to hog, the M,

get more good out of their feed~makes them thrive faster —— stops your losses from worms, makes pm Noggcmwmm,



stock sleek in coat, vigorous in action, and far better able to resist diseases. Millions of dollars. are __.

lost every year by stock raisers who do not keep their animals worm-free, healthy, and in a condition ,hZX‘E‘.illiyb‘iitteiiid“iv§&%iz $133333





, we butchered him, he was the smoothest

- - n n - s e and fattest hog in the bunch." '

F Durflmger,





 





did not thrive at all. After feeding

‘Sal-Vet’ a short time, I was convinc-

ed that itds a' wonderful worm de-

stroyer. It was not long before the

pigs were cleaned out thoroughly, and

began to grow.” . ., ,. ,_



. BEN A. BAUGHMAN.



NOrthville, ' Mich.





HI Stop





Your Losses





From Worms

Or No Pay





 

 





   





[flJ’I Wei.



/ —( 0RD ll

l // , I

‘72..





M‘ My Best Advertlse-





 





Almost every one, in these parts, has lost

ho but mine are. still doing finely, thanks

raisin-VET.” Dick Crookham, Lacey, la.





“SAL-VET has been a great help to m





 

   

 





though previous to its use, I had a number





   

 





 





   

 

 





country, but for the first time in years. my





 





SAL-VET and now I would not be without





 

   





_"I took some of my poorest and weakest

pigs, shut them u in a lot by themselves,

and fed them S L-VE’I‘ in order to make

a. test. .I found SAL-VET all you claim. '

These pigsare now good, stron , health

shotes, weighm 126 to 150 poun s. I sh l

alway‘s, feed SA -VET the year ’round.”



. A. Kearn, Rt. No. 1, Tampico, Ills.





“Your SAL-VET is certainly all to the

and you may always count on me to





 

   

   

   

   

   

 





were either all sold or dead With cholera.

There were five little runts alive, which





   





thanks to SAL-VET t icy are the best look-

lnfi hogs of their age in the neighborhood.

y one regret is that we did not get »

SAL-VET sooner, as I feel that we could



have saved the whole bunch.”

LeRoy A. Barrett, Oswego, Ills.





“When the SAL-VET arrived my hogs

were sick. and u to that time, I had lost

sixteen pi s, al under twenty dpounds.

After the alance of the pigs a access





 

   

 





and some of them now weigh 525 pounds,





 





honestly believe it is the one conditioner





   

 





'round." Ben E. Woitte





 

 

 





i. No. i, Milbank, s. D.-





 

   

 





before we be an feeding SAL-VET one

hog in particu ar seemed badly out of, con-

dition and was coarse and rough. When





 

 





. H.

Rt. No. 8, Van Wert, Ohio.





 





 

 

 

 





   





this or‘ 'Sal”_that-

get the origin

gen“ine SAL-WEI.





I

P R I c E s 401bs.,$2.25: 100 lbs.



$5; 200 lbs., :9; 306

lbs., 813; 500 lbs. $21.12. No orders filled

for less than 40 be. on this 60 .da trial

offer. Never sold in bulk: only in ade-





 





 

   

 





 





each shoe? or hog, and 4 lbs. for each horse

or head 0 cattle, as near'aa we can come

without breaking regular sized no. es.





 





 





 





 





 





.,__J..~*Juf'