VOL. CXLlI. No. 17.

Whole Number 3780.





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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, APRIL 25, 1914.





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50 CENTS A YEAR

82 FOR 5 YEARS.





Why Every Farmer Should Grow Alfalfa.





«I, ROW alfalfa! This is the cry



- that has been sounded for

, some time from the center to

the farthermost corners of the state.

The alfalfa appeal has been heard,

and in many cases, heeded. So far,

the success attained has increased

the sentiment in favor of growing

this valuable crop, and a great many

agencies have joined forces to fur-

ther disseminate knowledge in regard

to the value of the crop and its prop-

er methods of culture.



There are two principal reasons

why nearly every farmer in the state

of Michigan should try to grow alfal-

fa. The first, and perhaps the most





up a run-down soil or to maintain the

fertility of a relatively good one. A

deep-rooted crop will loosen up a

heavy soil better than a sub-soil plow.

Nearly every farmer who works a

heavy soil knows that sub-soiling,

when properly done, increases the

yield of crops. A sub-soil plow must

be used just at the proper time in a

heavy soil. When the surface of

such a soil is in the proper condition

for plowing, the sub-soil is often too

wet, and sub-soiling at this time will

greatly injure the texture of the sub-

soil by causing it to puddle whereby

the air is excluded and the move-

ments of soil water hindered, just the





 





 





 





 





important reason, is that alfalfa gives

a large yield per acre of a food rich

in protein, which is relished by all

the common farm animals. The sec-

ond reason is that it is a crop with.

a large root system; and on these

roots are organisms, called bacteria,

which transfer nitrogen from the air

within the soil to their bodies, which

eventually form part of the soil itself,

and this nitrogen may be used by the

alfalfa and other crops.



The large root system, and the

nitrogen gathering properties of the

alfalfa plant make this crop valuable

in a good system of soil management.

It may be used effectively to build





 





Applying Lime as a Preparation for Alfalfa is Necessary on Many Farms.





opposite to what is desired. The

beneficial effects of sub-soiling, even

when done under the best possible

conditions, will rarely be noticed be-

yond the depths to which the sub.

soil plow is run. A deep—rooted crop

grown on a heavy soil has none of

these disadvantages. The texture of

the soil is never injured, but always

made better. In fact, the soil is put

into a condition, due to the addition

of organic matter, whereby its tex-

ture is not as easily injured by ill-

managed cultivation. This lessens

the cost of producing crops, because

less labor is required to put the soil

in the proper condition for growing





 





   





. r) 3,





them, a fact often overlooked. The

beneficial effects extend to the depth

to which the roots penetrate.

Growing a deep—rooted crop is an

easily applied method by which the

farmer may get the air into or the

excess of water out of the soil. This

refers particularly to heavy soils. In

the illustration is shown a year-old

alfalfa plant with roots over five feet

long. These roots distribute them-

selves through the soil and when they

die and decay many small passages

are left in the soil through which the

air and water can readily move.

When the air and water can move

freely through the soil many helpful

factors are introduced. Seeds ger-

minate and grow better where there

is a sufficient supply of air, while

they die and decay when the air sup-

ply is insufficient. It is necessary at

all times to have a good supply of air

around the roots of the common grain

and fodder crops. An excess of wa-

ter in the soil keeps it cold and .the

growth is retarded by the low tem-

perature. This is noticed more in

the spring when drainage is slow and

it is important to have a strong,

healthy growth in the plants. Of

course, we can not drain a wet soil

by growing alfalfa, but We can give a

soil better drainage through the pas—

sages left by the decaying roots. we

would have feWer poor strips and

spots in our crops and fields due to

poor plowing and wet, cold, poorly

aerated soil, if we grew more deep-

rooted crops and grew them oftener.

Beneficial organic matter is intro—

duced into the soil when these roots

die and begin to decay. While the

added organic matter is often needed

on heavy soils, the sandy soils are

most in need of such treatment. The

sandy soil to which organic matter

has been applied by growing a deep-

rooted, leguminous crop will be found

to retain more water, contain more

nitrogen as well as other plant foods,

be in a better condition of texture,

etc, all of which tend to produce a

better crop. We can not state just

how much nitrogen is fixed in the soil

by an alfalfa crop. The amount of

nitrogen so gained will depend upon

several conditions, such as kind of





 





soil, fertility of the soil, inoculation,

and others; but that a large quantity

is gained by the soil is well known.

This nitrogen is taken from the soil

and air and, at present, is free to all.





 





 





 





 





 





 





Year Old Plant, Roots Five Feet Long.





The only thing necessary to get it

into the soil is to grow a leguminous

crop under the proper conditions of

culture. A good crop to use is alfalfa.

Illgham CO. C. H. Srunwm’.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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v,





‘ty Alfalfa Club. One .°f-,M





 





n 14: ,
Double Toll





Why lose grain profits to the straw

pile? You have spent time. hard work

and money to raise the crop—don’t -

lose part of it by poor threshing.

Every bushel that escapes to the

straw pile means money out of your





pocket. _

Hire A





lied River Special





And Save Your Thresh Bill





Robert Graham and eight other farm-

ers of Ross. North Dakota. say: The

Red River Special saved enough

more of our grain than other ma-

chines to pay our thresh bills. Every

farmer should know about it." The

Red River Special beats the grain out

just as you would beat it out with

a pitchfork. The Big Cylinder, the

“Man Behind the Gun” and the Beat-

ing Shakers let nothing but straw

and chaff go to the stack.



Write today for "Thresher Facts.”





Nichols & Shepard Company

(In continuous business since 1848)

Builders of Threshers Wind Stackers.

Feeders, Steam Engines and

Oil-Gas Tractors





 





 





 





 





 





THE MICHIGA





N FAR-MER





 





is constantly being written, rel-

ative to the cost of various

crops, and yet when one takes the

time to analyze the items of crop cost

inserted in cost tables, he finds them

to say the least, very unsatisfactory.

No question is of greater importance

than this to the farmer, and yet Iam

sure I am safe in saying that no ques-

tion in farm economics is more foggy

or uncertain in the minds of a ma-

jority of farmers than this one of

cost production. What I mean when

I say farmers do not know what it

costs to produce an acre of any crop

they grow is, that there. is a broad

margin of uncertainty and doubt in

their minds, and they are unable to

assert positively as to Whether they

are producing at a profit or at a loss.

They do not know the value, in time,

feed and housing, of the hog they

haul to the butcher. And very sel-

dom can they tell you whether the

check they receive for a load of pota-

toes is greater or less than the var-

ious cost items entering into its pro-

duction, and never can they tell you

specifically, how much greater or

less. We do not need to look for the

cause of this condition. The farmer

keeps no account of his own, or his

family’s or team’s time, or his own

or his family’s or team’s expenses,

and not knowing how much time or

labor he gives to a crop he cannot

tell what the true cost is. Besides.

he sells his products for what the

market offers. He takes what he can

get for What he produces. It really

makes no difference what the cost





VERY much has been written and





 





 

   

 





 





 

   

 

 





 





\ ’ '§‘

y (It‘s





>mw." ‘

V‘t‘vf’

It.“

Every style of vehicle and harness for

every purpose of pleasure and business.





Many new styl‘es and big improvements

in 1914 line. 40 years of success selling

direct proves quality and big savings.





Large New Book FREE





Handsomely illustrated. Let us send you a

copy and quote prices that will surprise and please.





Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. 00.. Elkhert, Ind.





   

   





 





l1 minim. A .

mm... W





‘ sist!"

.imzr Ant:

5." 7/gt'Jf7, ’. 4“





 





 





 





 





 





Pulverized Magnesia Lime Rock,

shipped direct to farmers at lowest

prices. Comes to you in closed cars

and absolutely dry. We ship from

Muskegon and Bontor Harbor, Mich.





\Vrite today for interesting Book-

lets and sample.





LAKE SHORE STONE, (30.,

MILWAUKEE, WIS.





 





 





     

 





Steel Shoe Book 9;;3'3‘ $2.0!

lPaar sts3toBPeirsAll-Leathers FREE





The comfort. economy and durability

of Steel Shoes is omnzin . Thous-

and: throwing away outlier-

soled shoes. book. rubbers. etc.

Steeleoee keep feet dry. No

' ‘ - colds. com “in“.



, rh e u m a -

“an. Sov-





   

 

   

 

   





p-yl for them. They fit fined tool cosy-no

corli’oLbumonsoi-soreneu. Writ ml for book.

m d SM. learn how to sure 0 shoe money.





snmmmmmm Mackinaw;

seen co “swam Yaw





E . seleo . re

dried. 83 per bushel. A. A. WOOD it SON. Saline. Mich.





   

 





WANTED: Young married mm. Short Course training. some

experience in poultry. References. Educational plmhpoul-

. Address. I. J. Thompson, 11.3 8. Duluth.llfl





 





 

   





may be so long as he has no part in

fixing the selling price, and is help-

less to demand a price large enough

to cover cost, to say nothing of a

profit.



The Agricultural Colleges and de-

partments have given us nothing in

this line that is really dependable

and trustworthy. Several tables of

cost of producing potatoes have been

put out by the Agricultural Depart-

ment at Washington, but in most

cases they are merely “wild stabs” on

the subject. I find cost tables of $15

per acre and $60 per acre, and several

between these extremes—all issued

by the same authority. In most ta-

bles of this character several very

important items of cost are not con-

sidered in the calculation at all, and

it would seem that there exists a de-

sire on the part of agricultural writ

ers to make the cost of production

appear really less than it is.



H. K. Branch, in the Michigan

Farmer of April 4, tells us he produc-

ed 130 bushels from one acre, sold

them for 10 cents per bushel and lost

$10. Another year this acre yielded

40 bushels, which sold for 70 cents

and he made. a “net profit” of $5 or

$6. He evidently figures the cost in

both cases at $23 per acre.



Now, I would like to have some

good potato grower—one who pro-

duces under average conditions in

Michiganfitell me what is wrong with

my figures. I can’t produce potatoes

for $15 or $23 per acre, and charge

anything against the crop for my

labor, and I have been wondering if

I am exceptional in this regard, or

whether my experience is that of the

average potato grower.





Here is how I figure the cost of

growing an acre of potatoes:





1. Plowing ................... $ 2.00



2. Fitting ground, discing, har-

rowing, working, Where

planted in squares ........ 2.25



. Selecting seed, 10 hours.... 75





3 .

4. Ten bushels selected seed.. 10.00

5. Treating for seed and mate-





rial ...... . . .............. .75



6. Cutting seed ...... ' ..... . . . .75



g. l'élanting . . 'd ..... , ....... t . . 2.00

. ra in an spray me e-



Igal}; F ............ 3.25



9. Cultivating ..... . . . . . . . . . . . 3.25



0.1)‘883118' ...... eoeeoeeeooee- 6‘00





 





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‘eooeeepooeoveooeo‘ooo 4000





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M ~ ,,’~.»c-~.{ ‘.~





The True Cest of a Crop.





 





12. Sorting and hauling to mar-

ket .- 0 0 IIIII OUUOOOOOOCOO 0 8-00

13. Plant food . ..... . . 15.00

14. Tools, use of.‘. ....... . ...... 2.00

15. Rent or interest on invest-

ment .................... 7.00

Total .. ..................... $67.00





Now, I want to see the color of the

man’s hair, who can out these cost

items down to $15 or $25, or even

to $45.



‘Item 1. A man and team today

costs $4 per day, and they plow more

often less than more than two acres

per day, so $2 for plowing is not un-

reasonable.



Item 2. Fitting, by two discings,

and at least three harrowings, and if

marked, that added means better than

half a day, man and team, so this

item must be voted sane.



Item 3 depends on how this work

is done. I know men who select with

a scoop shovel and the cost is noth-

ing. It costs me'much more than

charged. On an average 75 cents is

not out of the way.



Item 4. This charge is for select.

ed seed and is just half what good

selected seed is worth. Seed should

be charged at its real value, not at

market price. I know many men who

could not afford to sell their selected

seed for $2 per bushel. Others could

afford to sell for less than market

price, for their seed is culls. But an

average of $1 for seed is not far

from the point.



Items 5 and 6 are seldom consid—

ered, yet all will admit them to be

legitimate items of cost.



Items 7 to 9 pretty generally agree

with published cost tables.



Item 10 varies with method. Last

fall it cost many farmers near me

more than $6 for digging and crating

100 bushels, which is the average

yield in Michigan. So a ZOO-bushel

yield would cost $12 per acre. When

dug by machinery the cost might fall

a little below $6 per acre.



Item 11 is another item never con-

sidered by cost table.makers.



Item 12 is another item usually left

out of the cost calculation. I have

figured on a 100—bushel yield, and

four miles to market, 50 bushel loads.

one load per day. If the yield is more

the sorting and hauling would be pro«

portionately higher. Of course, some

of this work is done in the winter

when labor is cheaper.



Item 13. It is easy to figure this

item when commercial fertilizer is

purchased and applied to the soil. Vi’e

know what it costs even if we are

somewhat foggy as to its value. Eight

hundred pounds of high—grade goods

would cost about $14 per acre. If

barnyard manure is used a more com-

plicated problem confronts us. A

farmer applies eight tons per acre.

What should he charge against the

crop? We are told that we can safe-





_ly estimate a ton as containing 10





pounds each of nitrogen and potash

and six and two—thirds pounds of

phosphoric acid. At present prices

for these elements at the farm these

amounts of plant food are worth $3.12

per ton, or $24.96 for the eight tons.

But in case no manure or commercial

fertilizer is applied, what then? We

are also told that a 200-bushel crop

of potatoes removes from an acre the

following amounts of plant food ele-

ments: Nitrogen 46 pounds; phos-

phoric acid, 21 pounds, and potash 74

pounds, worth, at present prices,

$15.64. Now so far as I know, this

item has never been charged against

the cost of a crop. But Why should

it not be so charged? The grower

is poorer by the value of the plant

food elements removed by the crop.

He has lost that amount of soil fer-

tility. It has been taken from him

by the crop, then ‘why should not the

crop be charged with it? Show me

why it is, not proper togcharge' act-op





\





 





/





with this item, Whether'the plantfood

is applied or removed from the soil?

It is true that the writers of (nearly)

600 farmers’ bulletins do not figure

this way. The Agricultural Colleges,

so far as I know, have never hinted

to the farmer that he should make

this charge against a crop. Thecol-

lege graduates (who are supposed to

be practical farmers), sent out to

conduct farmers’ institutes and tell

farmers how to do things, ‘ never

touch upon this point. And yet I in

sist that the “abandoned farms” all

over the country'stand as monuments

to the fact that this item of plant

food is a legiimate item of cost and

should be charged against all crops.





Items 14 and 15 are self-explana-

tory and no serious objection will be

made to them.



In addition to the foregoing cost

items, each chop should be charged

with its just proportion of‘the house-

hold expenses; the wife’s labor and

the labor of the other members of

the family.





The average yield of potatoes in

Michigan is about 100 bushels per

acre, which at 50 cents per bushel,

brings $50 per acre, which, deducted

from $67, shows a “net loss” of $17

per acre.





Now, I am not “from Missouri,” but

I want someone to show me what is

wrong with my figures. If my figures

are adjudged all right, then the farm-

ers are donating 10 to 50 cents per

bushel on every bushel of potatoes

they sell. I don’t know as this is any

more surprising than Dr. Robison’s

statement in a recent issue, that it

costs five cents to produce a quart of

milk, that is being sold by hundreds

of dairymen for one-half the cost. The

milk business is more highly special~

ized than any other line of agricul-

ture, and if, as Dr. Robison says, “No

one knows what it costs to produce a

quart of milk,” why may not the

same statement be true as to the pro-

duction of a bushel of potatoes? And

if milk is sold at a loss, why not po—

tatoes? A Grand Rapids paper of

April 6 contains a statement of po-

tato growing in Antrim county where

the cost per acre was $80.88, which

would indicate that my conclusion

($67) is within the bounds of reason.

at least. ,



Montcalm Co. C. W. CRUM.





IMPROVING A WORN SOIL.





 





I wish to say for the benefit of

farmers who have land that is run

and who are bothered for early pas-

ture I have a piece containing eight

acres which was sown to rye when I

came into possesson of my farm I

used it for pasture last season; turn-

ed in April 1 and pastured until it

became tough, then I turned the cows

on grass which by that time had a

good start, letting what rye remained

mature. Then I took a 60-tooth har-

row to knock down the straw, disked

the same both ways and had a thick.

stand of rye which made pasture late

last fall. I shall pasture the same

this spring and the season of 1915

will plant to corn, fill silo with the

corn, sow to wheat in corn stubble,

top-dress with manure and sow clov-

er in spring. I consider this a good

way to improve fertility of the soil

and at the same time the land will

bring me an income.





Montcalm Co. E. A. STOREY.





GOOD SEED CORN.



Farmers who are in want of good

high test Northern Grown Seed Corn

should write us for samples and

prices. We absolutely refuse to han-

dle or send out any Seed Corn but

Northern Grown suitable to all kinds

of soil in the Lower Peninsula of

Michigan. Our tests show 92 to 98

per cent. Ask for corn circular giv-

ing varieties and days. of maturity.

Address mired, J. «13:qu sea ’com-

pany, Grand Rapids. ' i - " \





 





     





   





’ APRIL 25. 1914., ‘-





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APRIL 25. 1914.





WORK OF THE FARM MANAGE-

MENT DEP’T. OF M. A. C.





 





(Continued from last week).



In the beginning of this article it

was mentioned that one division of

the work of this department is to

learn of the successful farmer the

causes of his success. It is a well

known fact that many farmers have

a strong body and are able to work

early and late, six and sometimes

seven, days in the week, 52 weeks in

the year. A farmer of this class, by

continuous hard work and extreme

frugality often acquires a comfortable

competence for old age, but quite of-

‘ten he kills himself by overwork and

is unable to enjoy the rewards of his

labor. This man’s neighbor may not

possess either the physical ability or

the disposition to make a slave of

himself in this way. He may so con-

duct his farm that everything seems

to turn into money and he is able to

live better, to provide more Of the

comforts of life for his family and

still have a competence for old age.

He may take time to enjoy some of

the things that go to make life worth

living. A third man in the same

neighborhood may have the same

ideals as the second man, and at-

tempt to do much the same, but

things never come out right and he

struggles along his whole life and is

unable to acquire more than a mere

pittance for his old age. We say the

first man succeeded because of his

hard work and rigid economy; the

second man succeeded because he is

a good manager, and the third failed

because he is a poor manager, The

questions now arise, what constitutes

good farm management? What con-

stitutes poor farm management?

Sometimes, of course, the third class

mentioned are incompetent and a

hopeless case anyway, but often it is

because of some fault in the organi-

zation and management of his farm

business, not necessarily in the buy-

ing and selling end of his bus-

iness, but in the business of con-

ducting the operations on the farm.

Some farmers so arrange the busi-

ness of their farms in such a way

that they actually “stack the cards”

against themselves. Sometimes they

see their mistake, but often their

whole life is so embittered by the up-

hill fight to pay off: the mortgage that

they never know they have unwit-

tingly fixed the odds against them-

selves. Every farmer is entitled to

pay for his own work and interest on

his investment. Some farmers make

much more, but others get nothing

for this Work, and scarcely get inter-

.est on their investment.

these would do better to buy or rent

more land; others would do better to

rent or sell part of their land; others

would do better by making smaller

payments on the mortgage in order

to properly equip the farm with live

stock, tools, fences, buildings, tile

drainage system; others would do

better to sell out, put their money at

interest and work for wages. Many

farmers under these conditions, write

to the College or the Department of

Agriculture and ask for advice. It

is difficult to give satisfactory an—

swers to these questions. Every ex-

perienced farmer has a few ideas

along these lines, but he never knows

absolutely what is best. Successful

farmershave very different ideas.

Every farmer, under such conditions,

is bound to do something. He will

succeed in some degree, or fail. It is

the purpose of the Field Studies in

Farm Management to collect as many

experiences of this kind as possible





 





 





in order to give advice, based upon

the experiences of real farmers in the

state.



This work has not received much

newspaper publicity, but it has been

explained at numerous farmers’ in-

stitutes at greater length-than can be



“done in [this article, and in every lease

it wmal‘m the sparev





 

   





 





Some of '





 





THE‘ MICHIGANiFARMER





audience. The following circular has

been prepared and is being used to

explain the nature of the work in

communities where this work is be-

ing done: .



East Lansing, Mich., March, 1914.



The Michigan Agricultural College

and the United States Department of

Agriculture receive many inquiries

from farmers, asking: “What crops

are most profitable? What systems

of farming pay the best in a given

locality? What returns may be ex—

pected from a given investment in

farming operations in different parts

of the state?” Every farmer wishes

to get the best possible returns for

his investment in land, labor, and in





equipment. No one knows what the

average farmer gets for his year’s

work.





In order that the College and the

Department of Agriculture may know

actual conditions on farms in Mich-

igan, and be prepared to answer these

questions, a systematic study is now

being made in typical farm areas of

Michigan. The men employed in this

work will make a farm-to-farm can-

vass in your neighborhood, asking

questions that will enable them to

make a complete record of the busi—

ness done on your farm for the past

year. They will endeavor to secure

an itemized list of all receipts and

expenses of the farm, total crops pro-

duced, amount of stock kept, etc.



As soon as enough records of this

kind can be collected each farmer

who is kind enough to give correct

figures for his farm will receive a

statement that will show a compre—

hensive summary of his individual

farm, compared with the average in

his section and also with some of the

most successful in the region.





Information collected in this way

will be considered confidential and

will be used only in making summar-

ies and averages necessary for a com-

prehensive report to be published in

bulletin form. No names will be

used without the consent of the own-

er. This work has nothing Whatever

to do with taxation and actual cash

values can be given without fear of

the assessor. These figures will be

used only for an agricultural study

that real working conditions on Mich-

igan farms may be known.



It is believed that this work is of

sufficient importance to recommend

itself to all farmers so that they will

be glad to give figures and any other

assistance possible.



(Signed) EBEN MUMFORD,

State Leader for Michigan Agricul-

tural College and U. S. Department

of Agriculture.

Approved:

R. S. SHAW,

Dean and Director.



It will be readily seen that this line

of work . requires a very intimate

knowledge of the details of operating

a farm, and is especially diflicult in

Michigan because of the varied con-

ditions found in different parts of

the state. On account of the diffi-

culties to be overcome in this work.

it is desired that the farmers of the

state lend their fullest support to this

work; first, by giving freely all the

information at hand; second, by Writ-

ing to the Farm Management De-

partment and making use of the in-

formation already collected, in the

operation of your own farms. The

work is still very new in this state

and all farmers are invited to feel

very free to write to.this department

any questions they may have rela-

tive to the business side of operating

or leasing their farms. In case your

problems cannot be satisfactorily an-

swered at the present time, your in-

quiry will be very helpful in inform-

ing this department what lines of in-

vestigation are most needed by the

farmers of the state.



' C. P. REED,





4Assistant in Farm Management Field

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and M. A.





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The Second Great J-rM





   





Roofing Achievement





 





Albany

Baltimore

Boston





Bu fialo





 





. One of the principal contributions to roof-

ing progress as developed by the H. W. Johns-

Manvrlle Company, is '





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THIS material was perfected to supply a demand for a rubber type wool

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Write Nearest Branch for Book No. r7040,





 





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Manufacturers of Asbestos Shingles: Roofing: Stucco: Pipe





 





 





 





 





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Turn Oil Into Crops





Ker0sene, the cheapest and best fuel in the world to-day, is

what goes into the





 

     





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The OilPull burns kerosene and even cheaper distillate at all loads—at any





kind of





Fuel System.





work.

There’s only one OilPull—Rumely, LaPorte.





It is the only tractor that can use the Seem-Higgins Oil-





The OilPull in either 15-30 25-45 or 30-60 sizes will show real profits in

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fallowing, hauling, and harvesting.





Plenty of belt power for running the largest separators.





A Rumely Ideal,





an Advance or the Gaar—Scott separator and an OilPull tractor will give





you an





ideal threshing outfit.





Every Rumely machine backed by Rumely service—11,000 dealers and 49





branches—supplies or repairs at short notice.





ator catalogs.





 





Kerosene Tractors Threshing Machines

Gasoline Tractors

Engine Plows





RUMELY LINES





Cream Separators





Corn Machines Feed Mills





 





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Stationary Engines Steam Engines





Ask for OilPull and separ-





 





 





 





 

 

 





-_ paw, ,





f «TV-‘5





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1""

/





Baling Presses





(Incorporated)

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. x . , _' F \ ‘

s ‘ < v . 3" 5

‘ . H: ‘ » , “ '

r v _ . . 1‘ . ‘i ' .

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RUMELY PRODUCTS COMPANY





Illinois

Indianapolis, Ind.





 





.-'-I g. . \"fl - -‘. . ~ . ‘

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' Farm drainage needs durable tile.

‘ Ohio clay, thoroughly hard burned.

replaced every few years. Write for prices.





SILO. Building Blocks and Sewer Pipe.





Use NATCO Tile ~They Last Forever





Our drain tile are made of best

Don't have to dig 'em up to be

Sold in carioad lots.

Also manufacturers of the famous NATCO IMPERISHABLE





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Please mention the Michigan Farmer when , you

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468—4





“1





Ill-HESS DIP





And Disinfectant;





is a preparation entirely harm-J

less to man and beast. '

Its sole office is to kill diseasel’

germs, correct impure conditions 1'

and destroy noxious insect life. -.

It does these things whenever

and wherever it is used accord-

ing to directions. It meets the

rigid requirement of the United States

Government as an oliicial dip for

sheep scab. Its use on farm stock

insures animal health and thus

increases live-stock values. It

is an unfailing purifier for

foul sinks, drains, sewers and

. outbuildings. There is no

certainty of profit in stock

'_ .farmingwithoutitsuse.

l' 53. Write Farah“

\ Dip Booklet.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





for frost. These are just a few

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building at no





 





 





 





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The Grand Rapids





'VETERINARY COLLEGE





otters attire: years course in Veterinary Sclenco.

Complying with all the requirements of the U. 8.

Bureau of imnl Industry. Established 1897.

Incorporated under State law. Governed by Board

of Trustees. “Write for Free Catalo‘.





152 and l54 Louis St., Grand Rapids, Michigan.





JNO. CRAWFORD,

Horse Importer,

Byron, Mich.





10 Head for Sale





Percheron, Hackney and

Clydesdale Stallions.

Also Some Fine Percheron &. Hackney Mares





with foal. Now gentlemen I am

going to sell. Be sure to get my

price before you buy.





AUBIIOIII AUGIIOII! I AIIIIIIIIII I I I





horses and mules every Monday. Private sale

3:11,. From two to five hundred heed always on hand.

farm mares 3nd chunks. delivery and wagon horses

pavement sore city horses. and drafters and work

heroes of every kind South ST. PAUL HORSE AHD

MULE 00., Union Stock Yards. South St. Paul, Minn





n can stored Clydesdale Stallions

gym“ e Emmi mums old. In the 5pm some



will make ton heroes with lots of and ity

newton. Hunt be. sold before the first of April.

F. A. PETZ. “poo. Michigan.





REGISTERED PEIIIIIEIIOIS’fl 531'? 33332





Aka one. all use at fm Visitor-

dwnmgme. I. L. King 8 Son. Bhnrlott-e. Mich.





and notion. Stet.

mflfll“ With size. style. bfne

m n Blue Boon umlfi'fito'” " in mm’ can." ‘





 





 





 





 





 





   





 

 





”7:7? " ‘ . _> s". 1 ~





,- ‘~.: ,J‘





GOING INTO HORSE BREEDING.





We are going to try to raise some

colts at Lillie Farmstead. This pro-

ject is a new departure. I haven’t

raised any colts for a number of

years. Away back in the nineties I

started in to raise quite a lot of

horses and I got into the game just

as the bottom went out of the mar-

ket. While I can’t say that I lost

very much money I certainly never

could make myself believe that I

made very much money in attempting

to grow horses at that time. From

that time on we have figured on keep-

ing horses simply to work, and let

the other fellow grow the colts. I

figured that where you had to hire

men, that you could not afford to give

a man a pair of mares that were

heavy with foal or a pair of mares

that were raising colts to work in the

field. because you don’t expect to do

a big day’s work with this sort of a

team but you have to pay the hired

man, especially in late years. good

wages for all the time. Then, too,

We put considerable stress upon the

dairy cows and upon poultry, and lat-

er upon hogs. and finally a year or

two ago added sheep.



You know the old saying is, that if

you have too many irons in the fire

some of them are sure to get burnt.

and I think the saying is true. If one

has such a combination of business

on a farm once in a while he can al-

low some of the irons to get over-

heated just a little bit and still make

more money or a bigger income than

he could it" he only had one iron in

the fire. There are certainly a. good





 





 





l SOUI‘CGS,





,tivate, through haying,





 





 

 





many things to think about on this

proposition. Diversified farming is

safer than specialized farming. Where

one specializes on one or two crops

and there comes a bad season. it

leaves one “flat on his back.” while

in general farming if one crop fails.

most always the other crops will not.

While you do not make as much in

a single year, taking everything into

consideration, it is safer and surcr.

My farming is all done by hired men

and they must have their checks. If

I specialized on one particular thing

and we had a failure of that condi-

tions would be serious. Then, where

one has more than one kind of live

stock he has a greater variety of re-

and it is seldom that all of

them are poor.



But this line of argument is not

what has made me decide to raise

colts again. To be frank, it is the





traction engine which has decided me





to raise colts. I thought when I pur~

chased the traction engine that I

could get along with a considerable

less number of horses on the farm,

but I have found out from actual ex-

perience that such is not the case. I

would not like to get rid of the trac-

tion engine, but I have got to have

just about as many horses as I had

before I purchased the engine, or else

we cannot do the work. The traction

engine will do the heavy tillage and

relieve the horses of a great deal of

hard work, but when the plowing and

tillage is done the traction engine

can’t help us out. We have still got

to have a full gang of horses to cul-

and also to

take care of the crops through hay-

ing and harvesting, and marketing

the crops, and all that. Since I pur-

chased the traction engine I have

tried to get along with fewer teams





800‘ of horses on the farm. We couldn’t





do our cultivating and attend to the

haying and harvesting _as We should

do. Of course, the tractor helps us

wonderfully .and in one respect ena-

bles us to keep more land under the

plow. We can do a bigger business





 

 





or. ,

72%.. ., .‘.,





 

 





. (.- 3,, n





«THE MICHIGAN ‘F'Ai'R MIER





gllllllllllll|IllllllllllllIllIIIllIllllill|Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIllllllllflllllllIlllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIIIllllllllllHillIilllillllllllllllllllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg





.- Live Stock.





aflmflllmlIllIlllllIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIII|IIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIII||llllllllllllIlllllllll|llll|IlllIIIIIIIII|lllllllllllllllllIllllHIIIIIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll|IIII”IllllllIIIlllllllllllllfll[llIlllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllfi





with the traction engine and the

horses than we could with the horses

alone, yet if we didnt have the tree:

tlon engine we wouldn’t need any

more horses.



Now this being the case that, with

the traction engine we need also the

horses, we find that the horses don’t

have to work so hard as they did

before. We find that we cannot use

them quite as profitably, and yet we

cannot get along without them.

Therefore, instead of having simply

work horses, it appears to me that

it would be advantageous to have

brood mares and besides doing the

work on the farm, what the traction

engine cannot do, have them produce

a colt to help pay expenses. And

while heretofore I have kept geldings

largely because they were always

ready to work, I have changed my

policy now and intend to keep brood

mares instead of geldings.





I have lately purchased two pairs

of brood mares. They are not just

exactly my ideal and yet they are a

pretty good start. They are all high-

grade Percherons. One pair are pure-

bred Percherons, yet they cannot

be registered because the record is

lost. 0n can tell by the looks, if he

knows anything about Percheron

horses. that they are high-grade Per,

cherons. Two of them are with foal

and my intention is to breed the four

of them this year and to continue

breeding them and gradually get rid

of the geldings. until all of my work

horses are brood mares. Under the

present system of farming it takes

four or five pairs of horses to do the

work as it ought to be done, even

with the assistance of the traction

engine.



If I should finally keep five pairs of

brood mares we will get into the

horse business quite extensively, still

I realize that this is an important

branch of the farm operation, one

that will represent quite an invest-

ment of capital and one that must

be looked after carefully and syste-

matically, and, of course, we propose

to do it. A farmer can look after a

bunch of eight or ten brood mares

and the growing colts just as well as

he can look after a bunch of 20 or 25

brood sows, or 40 or 50 dairy cows.

He can’t do it alone: he can’t do

much alone anyway: he must have a

system, and we have a division of la-

her or try to have a division of labor

on Lillie Farmstead, one man look-

ing after the cows, another man look-

ing after the hogs and the hens, and

another man looking after the horses,

in this way I believe I can manage

this diversity of live stock and make

it all a profitable investment.



I know from experience that it is a

mighty nice thing to have a pair of

colts ready to take the place of some

horses that have passed their useful-

ness and must be gotten rid of. It

takes a nice little bunch of money

now, to go out and buy a pair of

work horses. I have found this out

in the last few years a number of

times, and I believe that any farmer

can well afford to raise horses enough

to take the place of those that he

wears out on the farm; in other

words, to supply him with his own

work teams. With the present price

of horses I can’t see but what it

would be just as profitable, perhaps

more profitable, than some other lines

of live stock. to grow horses to sell.

Dr. Schuh, of the Grand Rapids Vet-

erinary College, advises me earnestly

and I think conscientiously, to breed

these mares to a jack and raise mules

instead of colts. We know thatgood

mules sell for almost exorbitant

prices, but I don’t believe that I shall





 





n





 





' APRIL 25,‘ 1914. I





seem 'to have a sort of prejudice.





against this hybrid which I do not

believe my best. friend, by any kind

of argument, can overcome.



COLON C. LILLIE.





 





TANKAGE AS A FOOD FOR HOGS.





 





Do you know anything about the

feeding value of tankage for bags.

and how to feed it?



Allegan Co. L. A. T.





Tankage is a valuable concentrate

to use with corn in balancing up the

ration for hogs, being very high in

its content of protein, and probably

as cheap 8. source of this element of

nutrition as is available for the holsr

grower. For greatest economy in its

use, it should be used in combination

with corn, using not more than 10

per cent of tankage in the ration.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





Cattle sell at prices much above

former years, a year ago excepted,

despite the bad markets in recent

weeks and lower, values than those

paid several weeks ago. This is a

time of the year when lessened con-

sumption of beef is usual, and at





present the failure of retailers to

lower the price of beef in accordance

with the decline in prices for cattle

on the hoof tends to check its con-

sumption. Furthermore, many men

are out of work throughout the coun-

try, and this materially lessens the

amounts of beef sold. Recent receipts

of cattle cannot be called large, yet

fewer could have been offered with-

out advancing prices. Argentine im-

portations of beef are used by the

packers as a bear argument, and un«

doubtedly these have some influence

in weakening the market for the less

attractive cattle. The bulk of the

beef steers marketed last week sold

at $7.75@8.85, with a much smaller

showing of the best beeves than a.

few weeks ago, although these have

declined in values along with other

kinds. Choice to extra steers of

heavy weight sold at $8.85@9.45,

while a good class of steers brought

$8.35@8.80. Medium class steers

brought $8@8.30, and inferior to fair

steers of light weight $6.85@7.95.

Ordinary to prime yearlings brought

$8@9.40, few selling near the top fig-

ures. Butchering cows and heifers

had a free outlet at $5.10@8.85 for

fair to fancy lots, while cutters went

at $4.55@5, canners at $3.40@4.50

and bulls at $5@7.60. Demand usu-

ally runs more strongly on medium-

priced butcher stock and good steers

that are not too high in price, and

butcher stuff is usually the last to

show weakness. Fair animation pre-

vailed in stockers and feeders at

$5.75@7.90, with little yearling stock-

ers going at top values and a sale of

a carload of prime 1200-lb. feeders at

$7.90. Stock calves sold at $7.75@

8.25 and stock and feeding cows and

heifers at $5.25@7. The calf market

was active and much higher at $5.25

@1050, and milch cows brought $55

@85 each.



Sheep and lambs sold at high

prices last week, with a good local

and shipping demand, and because of

their scarcity, sheep developed espe-

cial firmness. The” shipping demand

was usually active, and there was

real competition between buyers to

secure the best offerings, causing

sales to be made at the best prices

seen in 'a long period. Reactions were

natural after such a boom in prices,

and some sharp reductions in prices

followed the high Monday values, a

flump in the Buffalo market having

a marked effect here, and tending to

lessen the shipping demand. Colora-

do lambs and fed western lambs and

sheep comprised the bulk of the of-

ferings, with large increases in cup

ped stock and less discount in prices

from wooled stock than a short time

ago. The sheep and lamb receipts

last week were smaller in volume

than a week earlier, and wooled lambs

advanced to $6.50@8.50 for 'culls to

prime, while feeding lambs brought

$6.40@7.25. Wooled yearlings sold at

$6.75@7.50, wethers at $6.25@7.10.

ewes at $4.50@6 and bucks at $5@6.

Clipped lambs sold at $5.25@7.25.



Mammoth stags are selling at

prices that bring handsome profits to

their owners.‘ Recently a stag that

tipped the scales at 1,000 lbs. was

sold on the Chicago market for $8.25

per 100 lbs. to a local packing con«

cern, and after being docked the us-

ual 80 lbs. because of being a stag,

the proceeds from the sale amounted

to close to $76. Another stag that





.;.





_ weighed 980 lbs. brought the ovmer. ’

ever be persuaded, to. raise mules“, I ”2., . '4 " . . ‘
4me 2'5,‘1914.."





 





 





.- .. "y.





‘T HE MICH





\





IlllfllIlllllllllllllilllilllllIiIllliilillllIlllllllllfllllIlllllHIllllillIllilliilJlIliflllllllillllllIllIllllllIlIlililIlliilllllllilillllllllllIlllililllilllilllilllllli. lilllllliillilllllllilllilllllilllilillllillllllililllliiillillil”MINNIE





é . . s

i P t l S

g I‘flC 1C3 CICHCC- g



. é

Elli”IllllllllillllllllililllllllllllllllliillllillllIllilllllllllllfllIllllillllillliill|llilllllllilliliiliiliillllilllllllllllilllllllllillllllllflllllllliilllllliIllliiilIlilllilllillllillllllllil|lliIllillllil|llllllllliillllllilllllillilllllilllllllfi





LABORATORY REPORT.





 





Apply Lime and Acid Phosphate Sep-

arately.



I have a piece of land on which I

want to use some lime this spring. I

am also going to apply some home-

mixed fertilizer on it at a separate

time, composed of nitrate of soda,

acid phosphate and muriate of pot-

ash. Will the lime have any bad ef-

fect on the availability of the acid

phosphate? Will it cause any escape

of ammonia from the nitrate of soda?



Clinton Co. 0. R.



Regarding the query submitted

above, we will say that it is advisa-

ble to apply lime and acid phosphate

separately. It is better that the re-

version of the phosphoric acid from

the soluble state to the but slightly

soluble condition, should take place

in the soil rather than by mixing it

with some foreign material outside

of the soil. The reason for this is

that by putting the acid phosphate by

itself in the soil, it becomes distrib-

uted through a greater soil area and

at the same time more evenly dis-

tributed, and when it actually does

revert, as it will, it becomes precipi-

tated in an exceedingly fine condi-

tion, thereby exposing a great quan-

tity of surface of the acid phosphate

to the activity of the various agents

in the soil. Therefore if lime is to

be used, let the application be either

previous to, or subsequent to, the ap-

plication of acid phosphate, it will

not matter which. But in applying

acid phosphate it would be Well to

have it thoroughly impregnated in

the soil, rather than by a top-

dressing.



No Nitrogen in Wood Ashes.





In reading what D. W. Glask, of

Barry county, asked about wood ash-

es, I noticed in your reply that you

stated there was one per cent phos-

phoric acid, five per cent potash and

32 per cent lime. Is not there some

available nitrogen in the ashes? As

i understand it, there is nitrogen in

every decayed thing. Now what has

become of the nitrogen?



Branch CO. J. W. H.





Replying to J. W. H, Branch coun-

ty, with reference to nitrogen in wood

ashes, would say that there is no

nitrogen present in wood ashes.

Nitrogen, it will be understood, is

one of the substances present in or-

ganic matter, and except there be

some nitrates present,- as in salt

petre, all of the nitrogen would be

present in organic matter: therefore,

as there is no organic matter in ashes

there would. of a consequence, be no

nitrogen.



Using the ,Babcock Test.





Please describe the exact method of

testing milk or cream for butter—fat.

Yerrien Co. St'nscmnnn.





The method of testing milk for de.

termination of milk fat commonly

used is the Babcock test, and it

should be conducted in the main as

follows:





Into the small Babcock milk test

bottles introduce a quantity of milk

weighing 18 grams. A pipette which

will hold exactly 17.6 cc. is usually

used for this purpose and is satisfac-

tory. Strong sulphuric acid, Sp. Gr.

1.83, is now used, the same amount

being put in as of the milk. The bot—

tle and contents are then carefully

shaken with a slight rotating motion,

with the hand, until the acid and the

milk are thoroughly mixed and the

mixture has become a rich brown

from the chemical action which has

taken place. The bottles are now put

in the Babcock testing machine and

rotated for about four minutes. They

are then removed and hot water ad-

ded until the bottle is full up 'to the

neck. They are then shaken again

and rotated in the testing machine

for a minute or two longer. Hot wa-





ter is again added and the fat con-

tent brought well up into the neck of

the bottle. Theyare then rotated in

the tester for one to two minues and

the length of the fat column can then

be readily ascertained by reading on

the graduations on the neck of the

bottle.

Manurial Value of Rock Phosphate.



What is the manurial value of rook

phosphate?‘ When and in what quan-

tity should it be applied? What is

the difference between rock phos-

phate and acid phosphate?



Ottawa Co. J. L.





The manurial value of rock phos-

phate when properly applied, is quite

high. Of course, the rock itself con-

tains upwards of 30 per cent natural

phosphoric acid, and if the same is in

a very fine state of division, this pro-

duct generally becomes available

slowly when applied in the soil. We

have usually advocated mixing it with

the natural manures so that the re-

duction of the organic' matter in the

soil would give 002, or carbon diox-

ide, ready to render the phosphoric

acid in the raw rock soluble.



It should be remembered that raw

rock phosphate is not nearly so read-

ily available as is the phosphoric

acid in acid phosphate. Acid phos-

phate, of course, has undergone a

treatment by sulphuric acid whereby

the phosphoric acid has been render-

ed more soluble and consequently

more quickly and readily available to

plants.





The following comparison between

the feeding value of alfalfa and oats

is made by a North Dakota Agricul-

tural College authority: One ton of

alfalfa hay has the same feeding val-

ue as 60 bushels of oats. Alfalfa can

be expected to average at least two

tons per acre. This is the equivalent

of 120 bushels of oats. There is no

land that will average 120 bushels of

oats—in fact, it takes good land and

good handling to average 60 bushels

of oats per acre. The alfalfa requires

less work and less expense to handle

than a grain crop. And the alfalfa

will improve the soil while the oat

crop will reduce its productive power.

To get this value from alfalfa it must

be fed on the farm. It needs to be

kept in mind that the alfalfa is a

roughage. ‘ ‘





 





CATALOG NOTICE.





The Elkhart Carriage & Harness

Mfg. 00., Elkhart. Ind., send circular

matter describing a new combination

top buggy for good and bad weather

which may be completely enclosed or

used as an ordinary top carriage with

quickly accomplished changes. Write

for this circular describing this new

specialty, mentioning the Michigan

Farmer.



“Everything for the LaWn and Golf

Course,” is the caption on the cover

of a new 1914 catalog issued by Peter

Henderson & Son, 35-37 Cortlandt

street, New York. This is a 36-page

booklet listing lawn seeds, fertilizers,

implements, sprinklers, and orna~

mental furnishings of all kinds. Men-

tion the Michigan Farmer when writ-

ing for this catalog.





The Vermont Farm Machine Co.,

Bellows Falls, Vt., manufacturers of

the United States Cream Separator,

send literature upon request, describ-

ing a new sanitary feature of the U.

S. Cream Separator, which consists

of a. non-rusting sanitary liner for the

bowl chamber of the machine. Write

for this literature, mentioning the

Michigan Farmer.





The Eureka Mower Co., Utica, N.

Y., have just issued their Catalog

I, which is a well illustrated booklet

of 40 pages, describing the Eureka

11ne of goods, including potato plant-

ers and cutters, corn planters, weed-

ers and barrows, mowers, cultivators,

etc. This is a well printed catalog

with clear illustrations, and is index-

ed. for handy reference. Mention the

giggigan Farmer when writing for a





 





 

 





 

 





 





IG'AVNLFFARMER 5—469





Unseen Forces Behind Your Telephone





HE telephone instrument is a common sight, but. it affords

no idea of the magnitude of the mechanical equrpment by

which it is made effective.





To give you some conception of the great number of persons

and the enormous quantity of materials required to maintain an

always-efficient service, various comparisons are here presented.





The cost of these materials unassembled is only

45% of the cost of constructing the telephone plant.





 

 

 

 





Telephones



enough to string around

Lake Erie—8, 000,000 of

them, 5,000,000 Bell-

owned, which, with equip-

ment, cost at the factory





$45,000,000.





Poles





enough to build a stock-

ade around Califomia—

l2.480,000 of them, worth

in the lumber yard about





 





' “\1



Wire "

tocoilarouncl the earth ‘ ' ’

62l times— I 5,460,.

000 miles of it, worth ,

about $100,000,000, _ .

including 260,000 tons yr-

of copper, worth $88,.





Switchboards

in a line would extend

thirty-six miles—551K”

of them, which cost, un-





assembled. $90,000,000.





 





Buildings

sufficient to house a city

of l50,000—more than

a thousand buildings.

which, unfurnished,

and without land,'coot

$44,000,000





Lead and Tin





. _ to load 6,600 coal cars

_ -being 659,960,000

unds. worth more





 





' , than $37,000,000.

. People

Conduits , equal in numbersito

togofive timesthrough ' the entire population





of Wyoming—l50,000

Bell System employcs,

not including those of

connecting companies.





the earth from pole to

pole—225,778,000 feet,

worth in the Warehouse





(:0 ‘ ’ $9,000,000.





 





   





The poles are set all over this country, and strung with wires

and cables; the conduits are buried under the great cities; the

telephones are installed in separate homes and offices; the switch-

boards housed, connected and supplemented with other ma-

chinery, and the whole Bell System kept in running order so

that each subscriber may talk at any time, anywhere.





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH, COMPANy

AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One System





. ) SAVE $50i0$300

Buy Directiiomractory





/ 302az'sFREETrial-$25,000.80nd

// 1‘ ’SYearGuaranteeOn Materials





LISTEN Friends and Neighbors—While I Tell You

About the Greatest Engine in the World.

The Galloway is a better engineat a lower price than you can get any-

where else in the world. Simple in construction. No confusing levers.

No unnecessary parts. It eats up work._ Fifty thousand farmers. contractors and

others bought Galloway engines on trial the same as you can and kept my

engine because they couldn’t afford to be without it. I’ll send you my

engine on 30 days' free trial. Put it right at the hardest work on your





. farm up to capacity. If my Galloway engine doesn’t do the work, send

it back to me and get your money back.





Write Me. Get My Catalog, Prices

and Special Offer





Learn why Galloway engines are used in United States and 30 foreign

countries. My free book proves I save you $50 to 8300. immense

output. careful material buying and direct selling do it. Automatic

machinery trebles output, Without increasing cost. I’m saving two

to three million dollars for other farmers, contractors, etc, in the

United States. I can save you money on your engine or other





 





Universal Sea-vie.





 





 





«





/'.





((9





 





/





 

 

 





   





   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





\ farm machinery. I give youa lower price than you can get

,m anywhere and top notch quality that. has never been equalled.





Prices Lower Free Service

Than Ever Department





Galloway engines high grade My engine experts Will answer

4-cycle,water-cooled, hand turned any questions relating to ignition.

cylinders, battery ignition, hit- carburetor adjustment, timing or

and-miss governor. 5 H. P. engine any other en epoint. The simple

has 5 1-2 inch bore. 10-inch stroke. Galloway wll run without your

Price to. you $99.50. Other engine knowing these points but by know-

bargains in 80 days' Oreo trial with 5 ing them you can get 2510 to 50%

poor guarantee backed by 325,000 bond. more work out of it.





Free Engine Book

rDescrl'iilgie‘s aIndPillustrates every Galloway enlfine. Everything

rom - . . pumping en ine to our 15 . .

portable engine. Lowest. priges. P heavy duty





You can get a gasoline engine, cream se arator

rugs: emgeigifuittclogg gaggrfhsgirggger 015’ any other Gallowayparticle:

ror engine book and details of plan. ' o agency scheme. to





Address

megsrrm-wunam Galloway Co. '“::....u°..'::.:*~





m "was, srcnols, nsgfiycpfigns





Comb Foundation.



etc. We sell everything for the Semi for loo list. W ll

been. Also Bees and ueens. Oata- Wax-linedpléaper Benyofigakgtld

logjroe. Beeswax antod. for 81 post paid.





H.





 





   

 

 





 





 





M. H. HUNT a. 80", Box 525 MINING, HIGH.
Cream





TlIeIHCLine





GRAIN ”IDEA!

IACHI'IES





finders, Reapers

Headers, Mowers

Rakes, Suckers

Hay Loaders



y Pros.

mfiimr- um“



I: en



finders, Cultivators

Emil-(e Cullen

Skiers. Shredders





Peg, Spring-Tooth,



and Di: Harrow:



Cultivators

GENERAL





cell

Knife Grind".





Separators





 





 





   





International

Harvester





HOUSANDS of farmers now own

International cream separators.

They separate the milk at milking time when

, it separates best.

have only the cream to take to the crea‘mery and the

fresh, warm skim milk builds up fat, healthy pigs

They save slow and wasteful skimming

by hand and save many creamery trips. .

Buy an International cream separator— Lily

Bluebell, or Dairymaid, and get longest wear and





and calves.





best service.





tional separators.

fectly adjusted, and easy to operate.

example the low supply can, the high skim milk

spout, the strong sanitary open-base frame, and such

interior perfections as the tool steel spindles, the

bronze bushings, the spiral gears, etc. '



If you will write us we will send you illustrated

catalogues telling all about International cream

If you do not know who sells them we

will tell you where they may be seen.





separators.





 





arvester Company of America

(Incorporated)





McCormick Nannies Osborne Plano





 





 





   

 





   





 





   

   

   





Once or twice a week they





   

   

   

   

   





Experts design and build Interna-

They build them strong, per-

Note for





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





USA





   

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





v E P D N 5 ET Paroitl Roofing





ET Ncponset Roofings—the “slowly made”

kind Then you are sure to get roofings that





are slow to wear out.





poor roofing when you need a good one.





Neponset Roofings are long on the roof—because long “in the making."

It means this: Maximum protection to





This mums more than you think.





your home—your stock—and your pocket-book. Protection against leaks

—repairs—-and that greatest danger of all—fire. Remarkable “year-in—and-

year—out‘ ' protection—in cold or hot climates—at a minimum cost—this is

the “blanket protection" slowly made Neponset Roofings m‘varzabbz give.

There’s a slowly made Neponset Roofing for every purpose. Neponset

Paroid is the great roofing for fine farm buildings-





Other Neponset Roofings are—Neponset Shingles for residences; Neponset__

Proslate, the colored roofing.





Sold by dealers everywhere. Write for name of nearest dealer.





Surely Send for Roof Book—FREE

BIRD & SON (Est. 1795), 659 Neponset St., E. Walpole, Mus.





New York





 

 





Please mention the Michigan Farmer when you

are writing to advertisers and you will do us a favor.





 





Chicago





Canadian Office and Plant; Hamilton, Ont.





Also makers of Nepouset Wall Board, used in place of laths and » plaster, and Nepom

W’aterproof Building Paper '





11





0"





Made and Warranted by





ARMSTRONG 8L GRAHAM





WHOLESALE ONLY.





DETROIT.





 





There's a NEPuNsET Roofing





for Every Building





Then you’ll never get a





Washington San Francisco





 





HARNESS





HORSE





COLLARS





Ask Your dealer for the label.





W-





 





 





s1mommaummmnmummmuuluuluumug

5





Dairy. g





EMIIIHHHIllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIllllllllll|lllllll|lIlll|||IlllllIlllllll|llllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll e

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





The Dairy Type.





HAVE been looking over a book

on “Cow Demonstration,” by a

man who some of the time writes

“Professor” before his name. He does

not name the particular science which

he professes to teach, but we are left

to infer that it is “cowology,” or the

art of judging of the capabilities of

a. cow by external indications as

shown by the development of the dif.

ferent parts of the animal. In some

cases the statements are empirical,

depending on the popular say-so, in-

stead of being founded on facts prov-

ed by scientific investigators.

lndications of a Good Feeder.



One of the statements noticed is

that a “large mouth indicates a good

feeder.” That seems like a queer

statement, for the reason that a large

mouth may be found with cows that

vary greatly in general make-up, and

consequently in general character.

We might as well say that a large

ear indicates a great hearer, when we

know that the size of that organ is

not a measure of the hearing capabil-

ities of the individual animal carry-

ing it. A large mouth is often found

on an animal that is lax, or loosely

built, and is not a good feeder in a

true sense of the term; for to be a

good feeder an animal must not only

have an appetite for food, but must

have good capabilities of digestion

and assimilation, which means that

the vital machinery of the whole sys-

tem must be well developed and work-

ing harmoniously, one part with an-

other. If the professor had said that

a good broad, strong underjaw, which

goes with large vital organs that con-

stitute the working machinery of the

animal, indicates a good feeder we

could say, “You are right.”



As far as the appetite is concerned

which is the first thing to be consid.

ered with a feeding animal, it de-

pends on the development of the





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





llllllllllllllllllllll





 





gustatory or appetite center in the





brain of the animal. The appetite

center is‘ in the, temporal lobe of the

brain. If the animal is well devel-

oped in the temporal region, the head

is wide between the eyes and at the

point between the ears, and there isa

corresponding width in the rear part

of the jaw, a large cerebellum, a large

heart, stomach and lungs. it will be a

good feeder. In other words, the life

forces and the machinery of the sys-

tem are correspondingly developed. A

cow with a great appetite, which has

but a small stomach, lungs and heart.

would be frequently over—eating and

be in trouble with her digestive ap-

paratus so much that she would be

practically worthless.





Good Vitality Necessary.



I feel fully justified in advising

those who wish to be judges of good

feeders when selecting cows, to look

farther than merely a large mouth:

the whole animal’s system is con‘

cerned in the matter. There are the

sensory nerves that see and smell the

food, the longing for something to

satisfy the hunger that may come

from an empty stomach, or the de-

mand of the system made known

through the appetite for something

to supply its needs, have to do with

making a. good feeder. Then there

must be a large stomach capable of

digesting the food, a large pair of

lungs to take in the air and oxygenize

the blood, a large heart and arterial

system to distribute the nutritive ele~

ments taken from the foods, and an

active capilary system to assimilate

and make use of the elements of nu-

trition carried by the feed. The whole

animal system, mechanical and chem-





 

 





 

   





, 25.1mm §





ical, must be Well balanced and work-

ing harmoniously ,to make a g'OOd

feeder.



The Nervous Temperament.



The author mentioned falls into a

common error of placing too much

emphasis on the importance of the

nervous system in making up adairy

cow. He says: “The term nervous

temperament used in referring to the

disposition of the cow means the ins

herent propensity to work, to eat

food, .digest it and convert every

available ounce of it not required for

maintenance into milk products.”



It is a matter of surprise that one

who professes to know, and volun-

teers to teach, should get so terribly

mixed on the functions of the differ-

ent organs of the animal’s body.

There are systems of organs, which,

if working together, make up what

we call the nutritive system, that

handles the food through the eight

different processes, from prehension,

mastication, salivation, deglutition,

etc., to the act of expulsion, and the

professor ought to have known long

before he wrote his book, that diges-

tion itself consists in the chemical

action of .the different secretions

along the alimentary canal, on the

food, and taking from it by chemical

processes. the nutritive elements

which can be made soluble so as to

be taken up by the lacteals and dis-

tributed through the circulatory sys-

tem to different parts of the body,

The nerves do not carry on the work

of digestion; they carry the life

forces from the medula oblongata, we

usually say the brain, to the different

organs of the body and each and ev-

ery organ performs its own function.





The Various Temperaments.



The term temperament is often

misused. The word temperament,

when properly used, describes or

names a state or condition which ex-

ists with the animal under considera-

tion. There are seven different sys-

tems involved which are considered

in describing the character of the an-





imal; the bony, muscular, nervous.

respiratory, alimentary, circulatory

and lymphatic systems. The term





temperament, with its accompanying

adjectives, tells which of these sys-

tems, or group of systems, have a

dominating influence on the animal.

If the bony and muscular systems are

in the lead we say that such an ani-

mal is of the motive temperament. If

the vital organs, the stomach, lungs

and heart, are large, we say the ani-

mal is of the vital temperament. If





the nerves are in the lead, we say the





animal is of’ the nervous tempera-

ment. If the lymphatic glands are in

the lead, then we say the animal is

of the lymphatic temperament.



Let us see how erroneous it is to

emphasize the merits of the nervous

temperament, If the nervous is the

dominating system then all the other

systems of the body would be subor-

dinate or subject to it. We would

have a small frame, small muscles,

small stomach, small heart and lungs,

a thin skin covered with a fine coat

of hair, a dainty feeder, and a poor

assimilator, an animal sensitive to

changes and watchful as to what is

going on around or near, restless, un-

easy, will. hold up her milk on a

slight provocation, and at best, yields

a small mess of milk. In fact, we

would have directly the opposite of

what is desirable in a dairy cow.



A Well Balanced Temperament Best.



It is the cows with well-balanced

temperament that meet the needs of

the dairyman. They are tractable and

agreeable to handle, have constitu—

tional vigor sufficient to enable them

to do a large amount of work and

hold up under it for a long period of

time. There is but litte, if any, fric-

tion with them and they are ready for

service fora long term of years. Such

cows are a credit to the looks of the

herd and a source of profit to- the

owners





Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.
APRIL25'1914- ‘ f 'i _ ‘THE MICHIGAN FARMER '7—47‘1





cow FAILs T0.BREED—WHAT

CAN BE DONE?





 





 





 





I have a young cow that had her





. ,

second calf last September but since

then I have not been able to breed ere 18 u er- ren

her again. There does not seem to -

be anything the matter with her, ex-





 





cept that she is thin, although her . . . . ~ , ,

appetite is good. Now, is there any- Rec the Flfth fourth less by just slumping the equipment, eleLtI‘lC lights and

thing I could do or give her, so that . . hidden parts. Under normal con~ starter, deep upholstering, perfect l

she will get with calf again? I do not is deSIgned byaman who believes ditions it might for a time serve finish. A

llkfiotlorggllcger, as she IS a $001221 CSOW' 1nsuper-strength. He has learned you as well as this. But it could Then go below all that. Get the

Cows fail to breed from a great “11.5 need through 27 years Of car not stay new. And it might cost details of this costly chassis. Find

number of causes. Sometimes it may b‘llllidtlltiigs-BS-horse ower car eve you hundredsof extra dollars in out why .each car is six weeks in

be due to external injuries, the 0108- drivin art is mide to meet “1;: troubles, repairs and upkeep. the building.

ing of the mouth of the womb, or be- re “imp nts of a 50-h D I P 4’ Then “Ole 119‘” low we be“?

cause they cows are infected with the qu : d t torsepovzer 063 t ayo brought the Prlce- Last year‘s

germ of contagious abortion. There Engine; th n evlery 6,8 goes at It pays us to give you theutmost price was $1,395. With electric

are many other causes, and one can eyon e usua requ1rements. in a car. We have in this way starter and lights. Thls year ll: 15

tell nothing about it 'without knowing F I t held the lead in our class. The $220 less. Most of that savmg

the history of the case and perhaps or us ance demand for such cars has grown COmeS'from the fact that all 0111'

*. without making a personal examina- For years we have kept test and grown, faster than we could special machineryfor buildlng this

tion. I would talk with the local vet- chassis on the road. Relays of supply it. car has been charged against

erinarian about this, giving him the ‘drivers have run them at high We are building for the future— previous output.

hiStOI‘Y 0f thex‘case, and then if he speed night and day. After 10,000 for what men will say five years W _ , h h b t

thinks he can help her, let him try. miles of this reckless driving we after buying the car. 6 are glVlng )ou ere.t e eb

. . _ . \veoknow, regardless of time and

If he makes a personal examination take the car apart and inspect It, It also pays owners to buy such . ,

cost. I‘he more you know about i

and finds the neck 0f the WOIl’lb 0108- Not only must the chassis stand a car, when they buy a car to keep. motor car troubles, the more such

ed perhaps he can Open It so that the that test, but every vital part must a Car \vill appeal to you.

COW will become pregnant again. At stay new. It must show but little GO and See Ask u. for address of nearest

any rate, he 1s thle best. person I evidence of wear. Go see this car. See the hand- dealer. We haye them in a thou-

know 0f for a case Ike thls’ because We could build this car for one- some streamline body, the perfect sand towns.





an examination must be made.





I can say nothing for nor against REO MOTOR CAR COMPANY, LANSING, MICH.





the breedin owders that are adver-

tised on th: Imarket today. I never Canadian Factory, St. Catharines, Ont. Canadian Price, $1,575





used them and I do not know their





value, yet I have heard some who Rea the Fifth





ought to be able to judge such things,





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





criticize their value. $1,175 [“1914 Model

I am frank to say that I have had Equipped _ 4 4. /‘

some experience in cases like this F.0.B. Lanslng. - i

‘ _ ‘ A; l f

and I am also frank to say that I nev , /-. ‘ New.3ty|e BOdy





er got out of it very nicely. If a cow,

from one cause or another, fails to

breed, I have come to the opinion that

about the only thing to do is to milk

her as long as you can milk her, and

then get rid of her for beef, although

I know of many cases Where this dif- , _,

ficulty has been overcome. My judg- . _ . 7 m

ment is that it is a case for the local “3% ' 9:1

veterinarian. If he can’t help you I

do not know who can.





Electric Lights

Electric Starter

\‘~ Electric Horn





'N\>





   

 

 

 

 





One-Rod Control

35 Horsepower

Tires 34x4



Also Roadster





(and





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





HOW TO HAVE YOUR RTESTING

DONE.





 

 

 

 





95 AND UPWARD





SENT ON TRIAL





-—AMERICAN





CREAM





SEPARATOR





.. I _ ..

Thousands In Use insists;





 





The dairy farmer is in a position

to keep a better account of his cows

and with his creameryman, if he has

positive knowledge of the quantity of

butter-fat in the milk each cow gives

and in the milk or cream that he

sells. Now it is to provide the read-

ers of this paper with this positive

knowledge that the testing of milk {frlarisllnveitlgagng our “Ilfndecrliul offer to

and cream was inaugurated by this Ding. easily cleaned, perfect skimming separaratgillornSrl‘lywselsgg. e'SlSiariiss Eli:





_ . . quart-of milk a minute. warm or cold. Makes thick or thin cream. Different from

Journal laSt fell- And the servme 15 this picture. which illustrates our low priced large capacity machines. The bowl





     





.-‘ P stand for service and beauty. They prove



4 an ornamentto any barn, properly ventilate it and m

- kcepoutdraft, rain and snow. Built along scien-



tific principles. They draw out impure heated air '

and supply pure, fresh air which is necessary to





Keep Live Stock Well





" Made of heaVY. galvanized iron which insures

lasting service. Far superior to the old style

cupola and very reasonable in price.

Instructive Booklet Free

Gives valuable information on the Ventilation

‘ of Modern Farm Buildings. Send for it today.

3 _ Thomas & Armstrong Co.. Dept. M. london, bio .





     

 

 





   

     

 

 

 

 

 





   





 





Winning many additional friends ev- is asanitary marvel and embodies all our latest improvements. - .N . _ _ -4 . '

r .

e in? our new readers may under_ Our Twenty-Year Guarantee Protects You a I

Our wonderfully low prices and high quality on all sizes and generous terms of n y $2 no





Stand how to avail themselves Of this irlii:ll:e“yii)l aSt'olifijh yolll. Whether your dairy is large or small. or if you have an old separator of any

_ ‘ _ ‘ , u W15 0 err range, do not fail to get our great ofier. Our richly illustrated catalo . t



mllk and C] 93111 testlng S81 Vlce, W8 oft/large 0n_ request, is the most complete, elaborate and expensive hook on Cream Separatogrs fggiiedlf; ‘

any concern in the world. [I’m/rm: nrrz'rrr filial/from Warren: pm'm‘r. Write today for our catalog ‘





repeat the direCtionS: POIII‘ nlilk 01‘ and “lfll’Jom‘A‘r/fwhatabig moneysavingproposltionwcwillmakcyou. Address. 3

cream from one vessel to another AMERICAN SEPARATOR co., Box 1061 Bainb

* three or four times to thoroughly mix

the cream and the skim-milk. Imme-

diately take a sample sufficient to fill

a wide-mouthed four-ounce bottle.

Cork and place the bottle in a mail-

ing case and send by parcel post to

the Michigan Farmer Laboratories,



674 Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich., higheEtngn‘é‘éaliii'x‘ifravlfifilittgitgfiiggf.E2?

where the milk or creamwill be test- it. The Stewart has ball hearings in

ed and a report made to the sender. figg}ggggggfigglggrgggwlfggggcfuggé f

A suitable bottle and mailing case latestimprovedStewartpattern.Itsprice ‘





. . complete, includin 4combs.and4cutt rs

can be had. DOStDaldi by requestlng of the celebrated tewart quality is $6.50. Don’t Take Chances





same of the Michigan Farmer offices, ‘ Ft '

_ ' . . . .mallysurewmh grown -. ttl ' dh . E ' ,.

Detr01t, enclosmg ten cents in stamps STEWART 5 No.9 BEARlNC. ' .elsnganlclorsci’s‘l’s ROUGEMONT FARMVRRLgiMEil‘lgso fizmllztllfil‘;





for 931011 set' SHEARING MACHlNE -‘ 50 1 d’éise”‘es“‘¥a§t’eé’é _ PUMP GRIND SAW :adcml'

and Us:





One Year to Paylf





Buys the New Buttor- .\

fly lr. "0.1.. Light running - ' w

easy cleaning, close skim. ‘ ~

mung, durable. Guarantood 7"“

> - llfetlmo. Skims 95 qts.

er hour. Made also in four ‘3

' mcr sizes up to 5 12 shown are.

' Earns its own con

30 Days Free Trial and more by whatt

t eaves In cream. oat: brin a Free cat-

alog folder and "direct-from-fgctory” ofler.

Buy from the manufacturer and save half. [12] .

ALBAIMEIll-DOVER CO.

2195 Mann." Blvd. cchco .-





Deadly Scours





Scientific Tested. Safe and SURE CURE.





FOR 75 CENTS





we will send re aid bottle to last. a M

refunded if ii; Pails. Scours are preva’lganlt. in 051886:

regulated calf barns.returd growth and are often fatal.





   





I'll. l «3 , ,

ridge, N. Y.





 

 

 

 





 





Stewart Ball Bearlng

Clipping Machine





For Horses. Mules and Corn

It: pays to clip horses and

mules in the spring

--they look and feel

better, do more

. work, rest better

and get more good

from their feed.

Clipping the flanks

‘ and uddersof cows





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





. You lose $1.00 on every

six sheep you shear in the old

way. The Stewart gets a length





 

 

 





   

 

 

 





 





   

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





I frequently see inquiries in the gets all the wool and takes it off quickl and smoothly in ‘ ,. 13:55:: it: isShi‘llg ; “ .

‘ one unbroken blanket. To shear with e Stewart Ma- ' m0“ dm‘able- G“ . Wood M‘u' “9 Beat. Engines are Simpel





 

 

 





one horn your





farm papers for information as to chine seems like play to those who have labored with hand 4”." or send

'





hOW to remove lumps from COWs’ shears in the old, hard. sweatyway. You don't have the

teats. To all such inquiries I desire 3gglgofifgggggggggz wnsts-hYou don'fiscatlagld disfi - 4



_ _ unevens caring an spor ewoo ‘

to say that I have removed such wrth second cutshke you used to do. intone from our





Feed Grinders. Suv

. Flinn. StealT-nh





CATALOGUIB FREE

AGENTS WANTED





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   





lumps by application of Gombault’s dealer or send us $2.00 and we will shi C. 0. D. r - ~ back'if'm hm" “mum”! "

Caustic Balsam around the teat over balan'ce-“Monev back if you are not ’given pleased). -’ “uphmd' Bulge €13anle -4. .

7 ‘ 31'. m .





 





 





- I Ill-hunks. Ind. ~ ~ ".33“: VI 1' ., ,

eek nt'l lum disa ears. Be c re. complete line of Sheep 631111 and H 00 K—

211 311% 50 notpuse 3312) much of aihq Clipping Machmes In the worl arse a Les."- Avo- cmcneo. nu... , HOLESALE FEED ES? toyino‘liiit'iléOiiiai'

- Balsam as it has a powerful action. ' _ THE BARTLFTT 00 mo Mm SEtveryt-hlnglnFoed:

‘ - . to others as it has proved to be to _ _ . . . -. .. Jackson, Mich.

Ihope this may be found as valuable When Writing to advertisers lease state that HOME-MAM coflcflEIE MIXER—ngtggmnm

N . o e





- mew-B» We Chi???“ Flountvi you saw their ad. in The ich‘lgan Farmer. ‘ wmtigesfifgfieglmlahe‘i iW' Write fox-do





the lump, not oftener than once each Write for FREE catalo e showing most ~ "

' 0 FLEXIBLE SHAFT

9mm





 





 





 





 





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472-8 '





The Michigan Farmer





Established 1843. Copyright 1914.

The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit. Michigan.

TELEPHONE MAIN 4526.



NEW Yonx OFFICE—41 Park Row.



CHICAGO OFFICE—604 Advertising Building.



CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave., N. E.





n. J. LAWRENCE ............................. President





 





 





M. L. LAWRENCE ...................... Vice-President

E. H. HUUGH’I‘ON ....... . .................. Bed-Tress.

I. B. WATERBURY ..................... - ..... 1



BURT WERMUTH..... .. Associate

F. A. WILKEN... Editors.

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL.... .





 





E. E. HOUGBTON..................Business Manager





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





One year. 52 issues ................................ 50 cents

Two years. 104 issues .............. . .3100

Three years 158 issues ............ ....l.25

Five years. $0 issues.... ..2.00

All sent postpaid.



Canadian subscriptions 500 a year extra for postage



Always send money by draft. postoflice money order,

registered letter or by express. e will not be re.

sponsible for money sent in letters. Address all com-

munioations to. and make all drafts checks and post—

ofllce orders payable to. the Lawrence Publishing 00.





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE MICHIGAN

FARMER immediatly upon expiration of time sub-

scribed for. and we will pay all expenses for defending

any suit, brought ainst sny subscriber to The Mich-

i n Farmer by [the publisher of any farm paper.

w Ioh has been sent after the time ordered has expired.

providing due notice is sent to us. before an it is started





RATES OF ADVERTISING.



40 cents for line agate type measurement. or $5.60

per inch ( 4 agate lines per inch) each insertion, No

adv't inserted for less than 31.20 per insertion. No

objectionable advertisements inserted at any rice .



Entered as second class matter at the etroit.

Michigan. postoflioe.





DETROIT, APRIL 25, 1914.





 





 





 





 





 





 





LEGAL QUESTIONS ANSWERED.





 





For the accommodation of our sub-

scribers, we have arranged with Mr.

Allan Campbell,acompetent attorney,

to answer legal inquiries for our sub.

scribers. For this service a fee of 25

cents for each question will be charg-

ed to insure that only questions of

importance will be asked. This will

bring a personal letter of advice from

the attorney, to whom the questions

are referred. Address Legal Depart-

ment, Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





In another column of

The Cost of a this issue, under the

Crop. heading, “The True

Cost of 3. Crop,” a

prominent Michigan farmer discusses

this problem in its relation to one of

Michigan’s most important cash crops.

His cost table is apparently made up

of estimates which are the result of

years of experience in the growing of,

this crop. In the analysis of items

which follows the cost table, he gives

his reasons for the several charges

entered in same. The conclusion

which he reaches is that the cost of

the average potato crop is very much

more than the average potato grower

considers it, if not greater than the

income derived from the crop under

normal conditions. Without, as we

understand it, assuming that the fig-

ures given are actual cost figures bas-

ed upon the production of the crop of

any given year, this writer challenges

successful contradiction of any or all

of the carefully estimated items of

cost which are included in his state-

ment.



As previously noted in commenting

upon this phase of agricultural prac-

tice, carefully kept Cost accounts are

a rare exception instead of the gen-

eral rule upon Michigan farms. It is

possible, however, that among the

large family of Michigan Farmer

readers there may be many farmers

who have kept such records, and who

can give actual cost figures relating

to their potato crop of last season.

If so, we trust that some of them

may volunteer to prepare a summary

of such records for publication in the

Michigan Farmer, to the end that the

most accurate information upon, this

point of the cost of growing potatoes

under average Michigan conditions

may be made available to the potato

growers of the state. .



We trust, also, that right now, at

the beginning of the season’s cam-

paign, a large number of Michigan

potato growers may become interest-





ed ism-problem. and. keep during





-» ,, . .‘V ,5 a, ’





TH_E MICHIGAN FARM'ER





the coming season a complete ac;

count of the items of cost which en-

ter into the production of their 1914

crop. We urge this with reference

to the potato crop particularly, not

alone for the reason that it is one of

the most important cash crops grown

on the farms of the state, but as well

because it is a crop the cost of grow-

ing which is of particular interest to

the farmers- of the state at this time.

As is well known, under the tariff

law now in force, potatOes are on the

free list. Fortunately for domestic

growers, however, foreign potatoes do

not find free entrance into our ports

at the present time, owing to the

quarantine which it has been neces-

sary to impose on this product in or-

der to prevent the introduction of ser-

ious potato diseases which are pre-

valent in many foreign countries. How

long this condition may last, how-

ever, is a matter of uncertainty, and

when the time shall come, as it seems

probable that it may come, that our

farmers must produce potatoes in

competition with a product more

cheaply grown under foreign labor

conditions, it is very essential that

they should know how cheaply they

can produce them at a profit.



It is also important, of course, that



they know how much it costs to pro-

duce other crops, and a cost record

of other crops would be most valu-

able to any farmer. We believe, how-

ever, that once interested in this

proposition as applied to a single

crop, the keeping of such records will

be rapidly extended all along the line,

which is but another reason for spe-

cifically urging the keeping of accur-

ate cost records as related to the pro-

duction of potatoes on Michigan farms

during the present year.

The records of at-

tendance at the

one-week “farm-

ers’ schools” held in Michigan during

the past season, show that this form

of agricultural extension work is be-

coming popular in the state. These

records show that over 2,500 farmers

and their wivesattended the 31 one-

week “farmers’ schools” held during

the present fiscal year. The method

of conducting these schools, which

are classified as extension work un.

der the Department of Agricultural

Education at M. A. C., is to send two

instructors from the Agricultural Col-

lege who are qualified to lecture on

the two special phases of agriculture

which may be selected by the “stu-

dents.” Morning and afternoon ses-

sions are held for five days, during

which time the two subjects chosen

may be thoroughly discussed from a

practical as well as a scientific stand‘

point. In some cases lectures of in»

terest to the women were also given.

These schools were first held in Mich-

igan last year, when less than half

the numcer above noted were held. It

is expected that this form of agricul-

tural extension work will become in-

creasingly popular in Michigan as it

has in Ohio and other states where

the idea has been developed.





Farmers’ Schools.





Not long ago 8.





Where Opportunity prosperous Illi-

Knocks. nois farmer, af-

t e r expressing





the opinion that the farm lands of his





state would continue to rise in price, .





was asked his reason for that view,

and in reply said, “Why, you know

they’re not making any more good

land now.” This opinion was based

upon his knowledge of conditions in

Illinois and other states of the so-

called corn belt, but as a matter of

fact, many farmers of his own and

adjacent states have. learned that

there is much good land lying idle in

Michigan which requires only the im-

proving hand of man to make it into

very good farm land indeed. Some

recently collected statistics show that

Michigan has a total of nearly 18,000.-

000 acres of unimproved land. In fact,

less than! 50‘per ce t c! the totaliilind,





.N -.

.«pMVH ,-.





   





L'iy'





imwfi .1“





   





m» e;





area of the’ state "is now included

in farms. Some of this vast area is

still covered with standing timber,

while much of it is good cut~over

hardwOod land, some a very good

quality of pine land, anda very con-

siderable area is swamp land capable

of reclamation at a cost well within

its value.



When the possibilities of this vast

unimproved area are considered, the

Illinois farmer’s statement will hard-

ly apply to Michigan, nor can it be

truthfully said that under these con-

ditions there is any lack of opportu-

nity for Michigan young men to se-

cure farms of their own. Oftimes,

however, opportunity knocks right at

our door without being recognized,

which is perhaps the reason that

many young men from other states

are seeing and improving the oppor-

tunities for profitable investment in

unimproved Michigan lands, While

many Michigan young men who might

profit by .the same opportunities are

allowing them to pass unimproved, if

not unappreciated.





Records a t t 11 e





City Boys Study Michigan Agricul-

Agriculture. tural College show

that of the 569





students who have entered the 'ang-

cultural course ”during the past three

years, 293 were reared in the city

and 276 on the farm. In addition to

the fact that over one-half of the stu-

dents entering the agricultural course

were city bred, the records also dis-

close the- fact that 6-2 per cent of

these students gave their present

home as in the city. That‘ these city

young men study agriculture for the

purpose of following it as a profes-

sion, is indicated by the fact that for

the past four years, 40 pervcent of

the graduates from this division have

gone directly to the farm, while 45

per cent have engaged in agricultural

teaching or experimental work, and

six per cent have entered other call-

ings closely relating to agriculture.

The fact that so many city young

men are attracted to agriculture as a

calling should cause the young man

who is anxious to get away from the

farm and enter some city occupation,

to think very carefully before he

makes such a move. Ingorance 'of

how “the other half” live is the cause

of the making [of a great many mis-

takes in the selection of a profession

or occupation.





THE BEST MERCHANT IS THE

ADVERTISER.





 





You have probably observed, in

your local market, that the best and

livest merchants, as a rule, are the

ones who advertise. They are the

enterprising men of the community,

good merchants and good fellows,





handling well known and reliable

merchandise.

So it is in a national way. The





live manufacturers, who make ex-

ceedingly good products, who are

proud of them and want everyone to

know it, are quite often the ones who

put a trademark or a name on their

merchandise and advertise it in the

newspapers.



As a rule, it is safer to buy adver-

tised goods. ‘





SOIL BUILDING SEEDS.



If you cannot secure our soil build-

ing seeds, such as Alfalfa, Cowpeas,

Soy Beans, Sweet Clover, Winter

Vetch, etc., of your local dealer, ask

us for prices. We handle nothing but

high-grade seeds which have been

thoroughly analyzed and tested as to

purity and germination. Address Al-

fred J. Brown Seed Company, Grand

Rapids, Mich—Adv.





 





Sold $525 Worth of Hogs.

From the three-line ad I run in

your paper 13 weeks, I sold .8525

worth of mule~foot hogs that went to

nearly all parts of the state of Mich-





' of this government.





Amines, 1914,. .





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK. -





 





‘ National.





Incidents point to a probable war

between United States and Mexico. A

fortnight ago United States marines

in a launch carrying the stars and

stripes were captured at Tampico by

Mexican troops. President Huerta]

was called upon to salute the United

States flag to amend for this insult.

At first be, according to reports,

agreed to do this unconditionally, but

later such conditions were attached

as to make the apology of no account,

when the government at Washington

gave the dictator until six o’clock

Sunday night to meet the demands

This he refused

to do, which act will probably precipi-

tate war. Last week war vessels were

ordered to the Mexican ports to be in

readiness to occupy them should war

be declared. Plans have been made

by the War Department for raising a

volunteer army of 250,000 men. Mich—

igan’s quota will number 8,738 men.

The proposal has also been made of

doubling the income tax as a means

of raising a $500,000,000 war fund.



The quadrennial general conference

of the Methodist Episcopal church

will be held at Saratoga, N. Y., in

1916, according to a recent announce-

ment.



A statute of Michigan’s war sena-

tor, Zachariah Chandler, was dedicat-

ed in Statuary Hall at Washington,

D. 0., Sunday. Many states joined to

do honor to this distinguished states

man.



Five persons were killed and a.

score 1nJured when a street car jump-

ed a switch at Saginaw, Sunday night.

The car was thrown on its side and

crushed against an iron pole.



.The_United States Senate is contin-

uing its hearings on the repeal of

tolls for coastwise boats through the

Panama Canal. Commercial opposi-

tion to the repeal will occupy a great-

er portion of the remainder of the

hearing, which will close April 24.



Anti-Trust legislation will be given

the attention of both the Senate and

the House of Representatives this

week. A federal employers’ compen-

sation bill will also be debated. This

latter bill provides for the payment

of two-thirds of .the monthly wage of

an employe disabled in the govern-

ment service and in case of death, for

the payment of 35 per cent to the

widow or widower of the employe,

With an additional payment of 10 per

cent to each dependent child. Two

bills dealing with the conservation of

water power sites ,will be taken up

by the House committees during the

week.



Nine persons were killed and four

injured when fire swept a five-story

tenement in New York City last

Thursday night.



From April 1 to April 16, 515 acci~

dents were reported to the Industrial

Accident Board at Lansing; ten of

these were fatal.



The Wayne County Board of Super-





visors over-ruled a veto by the Gov- '





ernor of a recent measure increasing

the salary for attaches of the Wayne

County Prosecutor’s office.



A municipal survey of the city of

Grand Rapids is to be made, with a

view of equalizing taxation among

different property owners. Charges

have been made that there has been

discrimination in the matter of tax-

ing corporations and individuals.



Five employes of the government

connected with the Internal Revenue

Department for the district of Mich-

igan, have been discharged.



During the past four years investi-

gations by the United States Senate

have cost $163,514. The largest sum

expended on one inquiry was $58,166

for the second Lorimer investigation.

Among the other items were inquiry

into the situation in Mexico, $8,000;

investigation of the high cost of liv-

ing, $8,709; first Lorimer investiga-

tion, $10,141; trusts, $2,992; Senator

Stephenson’s primary, $12,988; cam-

paign contributions, $8,068; lobbying,

$10,157; the Titanic disaster, $8,314;

banking and currency, $4,337; West

Virginia coal strike, $7.97; the “third

degree,” $9,006.



Foreign.



Officials are active at Kieve, Rus-

sia, in an endeavor to frustrate what

is supposed to be a revolutionary

propaganda. One day last week 100

arrests were made, which included

professional men, students, shopkeep-

ers and artisans.



The International Council of Wom-

en holds a session in Rome next

month. The organization has a mem-

bership of about 6,500,000 in 21 coun-

tries, and was founded by Susan B.

Anthony and other American women

in 1888.



The “Vaterland,” the largest steam-

ship afloat, being 950 feet long and





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





100 feet wide, and having a tonnage

the At . 7 '





Of 58.0.09; Will but“; from .
animals are sold.

tensively, and we here saw more of

them than in any place since leaving

England.





from small holdings often acres or

less, to estates of a thousand acres

and over.

raise practically no stock. themselves.





 





 





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 

   





J. .' JEA’QD

.2" \\ .





PUBLISH;





”will/1:5 gm wEEKl-Y-





 

 





 





 





77w FARM BOY

an? GIRL



SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week.





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





What a Farmer Saw in Northeastern France.

By PROF. ALFRED VIVIAN.





ROBABLY no country in the



world has. a more varied agri-



culture than France. Within its

borders are found soil and climate

suited to semi-tropical plants as well

as to those which thrive best in the

temperate zone. Our observations on

the present tour are confined to the

northeastern corner of the country;

to the section in the vicinity of Char-

tres, the great grain growing center

of France; and to the Percheron

country in the neighborhood of No-

gent-le-Rotrou.



The visit to Chartres was one of

the most profitable and interesting

up to date, for this remarkable coun-

try is famous the world over for its

grain production.~ The country is

level, although not so absolutely flat

as Saxony. Standing on top of a

slight rise of ground a View is com-

manded for miles in all directions

and before the observer lies an agri-

cultural panorama which “it is good

to behold,” for all signs indicate that

the land has been maintained in a.

high state of fertility.



The soil lies over a chalky lime—

stone which is mixed with flint, and

in many cases the

fields are full of the

flinty pieces left from

the disintegration of

the original limestone.

The farmers believe

so thoroughly in the

value of chalk that in

some cases large quan‘

tities. of this soft

limestone are dug





1. Hauling Mangels.





from below and scattered over the





7 fields.





This section is distinctly a grain

growing country, and apparently cat-

tle are raised only because they are

considered absolutely necessary to

the maintenance of the fertility of

the soil. The crops raised are for the

most part wheat, oats, hay and man-

gels; in a four-year rotation. On

most of the farms the roots, hay and

straw are all used at home, and only

part of the grain and the fattened

Sheep are fed ex-





The farms in this locality vary





Many of the large farmers





 





mung” cattle or lambs to





2. Topping and Loading Mangels. 3.





to the land.”

be strongly implanted in the minds

of even those men who find no pleas-

ure

would gladly omit the feeding if they

thought it possible to farm profitably

without live stock.





phasized here, so little liquid manure

is used.

serving the manure is in large open

pits which are cemented to

them water-tight.

near one end of the pit is a small de-

pression or cistern

liquid drains.

this cistern so that the liquid can

be pumped up and sprinkled over the

manure to prevent heating and to in-

duce more even fermentation. As

most of the manure is from sheep,

and large quantities of straw are used

in bedding them,





feed during the winter on the roots

and hay raised on the farm so as to

produce manure to increase the mon-

ey crops. Many of them seem to fig-

ure that if they only" come out even

on feeding the stock it has been

worth while on account of the great

value of the manure produced. We

asked some of them whether they

thought it would pay to dispense with

the 'live stock altogether, and plow

under the straw and clover crop in

order to maintain the organic matter

in the soil. The answer in every

case was emphatically in the nega-

tive.



The more intelligent of these farm-

ers appreciate the great value of or-

ganic matter in keeping up the fer-

tility of the soil, but they say that it

can be supplied in sufficient quantity

in the stable manure. “We can not

afford,” one farmer said, “to lose the

use of the ground for a whole year

when we can feed the crops to live

stock, and after realizing the value of

the crops in gain of weight of the

stock, have the manure left to return





Rural





This feeling seems to





in handling animals and who

The grass crop is not especially em-

The usual method of pre-





make

In the center or





into which the

A pump is placed over





 





 





this process of





.I . ‘

.. awn,





tilizers are used on the farms in the

vicinity of Chartres.

farmers were interviewed and not one

was found who purchased mixed fer-

tilizers.

diflerent ingredients before applying

them to the field, but in most cases

the materials were applied separate-

hr. The substances most commonly





‘ m





moistening the pile is especially nec-

essary.



The tops of the beets and some of

the grass is fed to Sheep on the

ground under the watchful eye of the

shepherd. At night the sheep are

enclosed in small hurdles which are

moved daily so that the field will be

more evenly manured; nor is this the

only precaution observed, for the

sheep are moved from one hurdle to

another during the night, as there are

not nights enough to cover the whole

field unless this practice is followed.

The shepherd has a small hut on

wheels in which he sleeps so that he

may always be near the sheep, and

even in this thickly populated land he

leads a life of comparative isolation





with very little company other than

the dogs and his flock.

The farmers appreciate the root





crop not merely for its value in feed-

ing cattle or sheep, but because they

realize what it means to have a crop

in the rotation that can be so thor-

oughly cultivated as this one. In

their rotation the mangel gives the





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Scenes in France.

Flock of Sheep near Chartres.





same opportunity for the destruction

of weeds as the American farmer has

with his corn crop.

minded of the Scotch farmer who

said,

it plant food and keep down the

weeds,

weeds without

crop. ” The mangels, after being top-

ped are stacked in long piles in the

field, and covered first with straw,

and then with earth, to protect them

for winter freezing.





You will be re-

‘(I . .

can grow any crop 1t l g1ve





but I can’t keep down the

roots or some hoed





Large quantities of commercial fer-





Over twenty





A few of them mixed the





 





:k‘i'





4. A French Farm Village.





thresh 3,600 pounds,

bushels to the acre, allowing

to the bushel.

the oats here are much heavier than

American oats, and will weigh nearly

40 pounds to the bushel.

same farms wheat produces

neighborhood of 45 bushels per acre,

calculating at

bushel.





all (live in farm villages,. so the land- . . _





used ,are sulfate of ammonia, acid

phosphate and muriate of potash. A

few men were found who also bought

nitrate of soda, and applied about

half of the nitrogen in the sulfate of

ammonia in the fall, and the remaind-

er as nitrate of soda in the spring.

The unanimity of opinion over this

whole district as to the proper quan-

tities of fertilizer to apply was inter-

esting and remarkable. Commercials

are used on the grain crops only,

most of the stable manure being ap‘

plied on the root crops so that its

“rankness” is overcome before the ap-

pearance of the grain crop.



Not much difference is made in the

fertilization for wheat and oats. The

average application seems to be about

as follows: 320 pounds of sulfate of

ammonia, and 120 pounds each of

acid phosphate and muriate of potash

to the acre. It will be seen that this

fertilizer resembles that used in Eng-

land and Scotland, in being much

higher in nitrogen than is usually

considered advisable in America.

Such a fertilizer would analyze ap-

proximately 11.5 pe1 cent nit1ogen,

31/2 per cent phosphoiic acid, and 10

pe1 cent potash—a

strange proportion of

ingredients to Amer-

ican farmers.



The soil and climate

seem especially adap-

ted to the production





of oats. According to

the best data obtain-

able, a good average





crop of oats will





   





5. Shepherd’s Hut.

or about 112





32 lbs.

As a matter of fact,





On the

in the

60 pounds to the





The smaller French farms present





a strange appearance as the ground

is divided into long,

On one farm visited a number of

these strips were paced off and found

to run from 18 to 24 feet in width,

and were'several rods long. On the

whole, these farms give the impres-

sion of not being quite so cleanly cul-

tivated as were the small farms in

Germany.





narrow strips.





The owners of the smaller farms





' i
~‘4‘. '12 'A «fircfiwps'fi‘ ='>'





notion.





 





   

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





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{WV 0!!

MAKERS





Leslie/ea .2

' . r«=' 5* LAT.

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l_-,vi





 

 





ll-





 





 

 

   





‘ In nearly





every' place there IS a

dealer who displays the Hamilton,

Brown trade-mark. When you

need shoes go to that store—it is

headquarters for the best shoe value

in your town.





Hamilton, Brown

Shoes





look well, fit well and wear well. They

have a reputation for service that comes

out of the extra quality put into them.

Every pair represents more than one—

hundred cents on the dollar in shoe value.





You can get any kind of a Hamilton,

Brown Shoe you want. for any pur-

pose. and for any member of the





familyl in all styles and sizes and prices.





Hamilton,Brown

Shoe Company

_. St. Louis—-

Boston





 

 

 

   





THE MICHIGAN "FAR‘MER





scape here shows the same absence

of isolated farm houses which was

noted in the letter from Germany, and

these villages are even less attractive

than those before described. Most of

them are built of a sort of concrete

made by mixing the flinty gravel of

this locality with mortar. The houses

and barns are built around an open

court; windows are none too abun-

dant, and a general air of untidiness

is much in evidence.‘ The roofs of

the houses are thatched in most

cases, and even the walls enclosing

the yards have their thatch covering

for the compound used in building

them quickly disintegrates if exposed

to the rains. On the larger farms

the conditions are better, but even

here there is an indifference to odors

which is hard to understand.



We visited one farm of 800 acres

which is managed by a progressive

young man who has installed an elec-

tric plant which lights the house and.

barns and furnishes power to run the

threshing and other farm machinery.

Yet the kitchen and dining-room were

rather too strongly impregnated with

the odor of the stable. No one be-

lieves more thoroughly in the value of

stable manure than the writer, nor

can anyone surpass him in imagin-

ing this substance converted into nu-

tritious grain, or its odor reorganized

into the scent of the rose—Fbut he

does not wish to be compelled to

work his imagination too strenuously

at meal time.



This district lies on the edge of the

great Percheron country which has its

center at Nogent-le-Rotrou a little to

the west. and where many of these

beautiful horses may be seen. Most of

the horses are raised by small farmers

who own from one or two to half a





 





 

 





 





   





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sEii nouE





Bicycles, Tires and Sundries at





 





for our big





but wrlto toda

1914 catalog of ‘Ran‘orf'

prices so low they will

astonish you. Also particulars 0 our (not now oflor

to deliV_el' you a Ranger Bicycle on on. month's fro.

trlnl Without a cent expense to you.



you can make money taking orders fol-bi cles.





tires. lamps, sundries, etc. frompur big and-



some catalog. It's from .lt contains “combination offers"



for re-fitting your old bicycle likenew at very low cost.

Also much useful bicycle infgrmagiton. Sefid for it].



mac 0 on. cause secan



W offer such values and such



terms. You cannot nflord to buy a bicycle, tires or sundries



wrthontfint learning what we can of" you. Writ. now.





MEAD CYCLE 00., Dept. 3‘77. CHICAGO, ILL





SPECIAL

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dozen mares. The stallions are owned

either by the government or are so

supervised that only animals of high

merit can be used. This far seeing

policy of the government has resulted

in the perfection of a breed 'of horses

whose fame has become world wide.

While many of these fine animals are

to be seen it was noticeable that, on





By HUGH F.





T was just after the spring round—

I up that Ben Fairbanks, foreman



of the Bar-V outfit, rode up to the

corral where father and I were brand-

ing some early calves. The cowboy

was mounted on a buckskin pony fol-

lowed by a wabbly-legged, long—bar-

reled colt with inane and tail white

as cotton. The sight of a “cow

puncher” riding a mare with suck-

ling colt was marvelous enough to

cause us to drop the branding iron

and gaze in wonder as he approached

across the prairie, since none but the

despised “nestor” ever used mares

for other than breeding purposes; but

when Ben got near enough for us to

see that his buckskin mount was a

gelding and the colt a motherless

waif, we hurried over to the gate

where he was dismounting.



“Run across an unbranded bay

mare with a broken leg over on Ced-

ar Canyon,” Fairbanks explained, in

answer to our look of amazement.

“Just to show that I was white I sent

a forty~four ball through her head to

put her out of her misery. This

pesky colt,gseein’ it had no mammy

any more just took up with me an’

Buckskin an’ here we are. Now I

don’t want the thing follerin’ me to

the ranch; the boys’ll take me fer a

nestor.’

you are more than welcome.”



“The old mare was a daisy,” con-

tinued Fairbanks, evidently afraid we

would not accept his gift. “She had

legs like a race horse. Wouldn’t be





. surprised if she was one of the thor-





oughbred fillies that the English out-





 





 





 





. 1‘4...





 





If one 0’ you boys want it,;





int, let.._get away with old 9,9130% ‘.





most of the large farms at least, oxen

are still used for the plowing and

much of the other work of the farm

which does not call fora quicker step-

ping animal. The favorite oxen come

from Brittany and are very heavy

and of great strength.





The four-wheeled wagon seems to

be almost unknown in France, and

nearly all. the hauling is done in carts

with two high wheels. Tremendous

loads will be piled on these carts, and

the building of the load is an art in

itself, for it must be nicely balanced.

One seldom sees two horses hitched

side by side, for no matter how many

are used they are strung out inaline

tandem fashion. We saw in the most

crowded streets of Paris carts being

pulled by five horses in a row—the

most awkward outfit that could be

imagined for such a place, to say

nothing of the large loss of power in-

cident to this kind of a hitch. On the

country roads were seen occasionally

as many as seven horses to one cart

all fastened in this awkwardand ab-

surd fashion.



Another hitch sometimes seen con.

sisted of one horse between the shafts

of the cart, two abreast immediately

ahead and then from two to four

strung out single file in front. Per-

haps horses are so plentiful that they

can afford to waste their power for in

Paris are to be found hundreds of

butcher shops where horse meat is

the regular article of commerce.

These shops are known. by the sign

consisting of a horses’ head carved

from wood. Whether those with the

beautifully gilded heads furnishabet~

ter quality of meat than those with

the plainly painted head we were un-

able to ascertain. At any rate the sign

is more effective in letting the cus

tomer know the kind of product on

sale, than is the usual oleoniargarine

sign found in American stores. We

wonder if the French horse meat deal-

ers raise the cry that the poor dear

public should be allowed to purchase

horse meat under'the delusion that

they are getting cow meat if they

desire to do so. ‘





Illilll|||ll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIHllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll|llIIIlll|llllllIllIll|llllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





The Return of Comet.





GRINSTEAD.





two years ago. Dan Pearson saw two

fellers from Fort Stockton after the

wild bunch day before yesterday, an’

from the looks of things this mare

had jumpedoff a bluff twenty feet

high, an’ landed on a big rock.”

Elmer being the younger of us,

the waif that had so unexpectedly

come into our possession naturally

fell to him. It was a scrawny little

filly, not much taller than a sheep,

with legs so crooked that its joints

knocked together. Mother and Annie

laughed at Elmer about his race

horse, for they had heard what Ben

said about the mare. Regardless of

their gibes, my brother was proud of

the colt. With the postoffice twenty

miles away and the nearest neighbor

half th‘afit‘distance, the legs of a good





 





horse ere worth almost as much as

one’s o n, and for a twelve-year-old

boy a horse was considered as neces-

sary as a pocket-knife. '



Comet, we called the little orphan

from her white and shining tail. For

six months she developed nothing but

an enormous appetite for buttermilk.

It. would stand and drink like a pig,

and till it was two years old had a

belly like a skim-milk calf.



In the early "seventies there were

several bands of wild horses in west-

ern Texas between the Pecos and Rio

Grande, .but of all none was so widely

known as that led by the magnificent

pacing black stallion, named by the

stockmen in honor of the Mexican

revolutionary, Diaz, who had just

been proclaimedruler of the republic

across the Rio Grande.



’ nonfiorflrlorsnsed in





   

 





 





the main. .. ~





1





APRIL-25,71hi’4.





of, the Guadeloupe mountains from

the New Mexico line to away south

of Fort Davis, a distance of more

than a hundred miles. This wild lead-

er had with him over forty mares,

many of them the property of the

ranchers of the prairie. He had en—

ticed them away, and now the mares

were as wary as the black leader

himself.

excellent mounts never came within

roping distance of any of the bunch

except stragglers, for when closely

pursued this wonderful black horse

that rarely broke his natural gait to

gallop, would lead his family into the

cedar breaks where nothing less sure

footed than a. mountain sheep could

safely venture. He seemed to have a

map of his range in his head, and in

spite of all efforts to pen him in the

canyons he invariably found a pass

unknown to his pursuers, and escaped

to the mountains.



Thus this herd, doubtless descend-

ants of the horses liberated by De

Soto’s band on the bank of the Mis-

sissippi, three hundred years before,

multiplied and became more wary as

man encroached upon their feeding

grounds. Hard winters and wolves,

drouth and famine, reduced the in.

crease at times to pitiful numbers;

and the few weaker ones that were

caught by the ranchers and Mexicans

further reduced the herd to a score

of the fleetest and fittest. And doubt-

less from this herd sprang Comet.



The colt was a year old when we

first discovered pacing to be her nat-

ural gait. She would streak across

the prairie with the other horses, not

deigning to gallop, but easily keeping

the lead. The fact that the flaxen

mane filly had so early developed the

gait of the pacer strengthened the be

lief that she was one of Don Porfir~

io’s numerous progeny, and likely a

colt of one of the thoroughbreds gone

wild from the Englishmans ranch 0n

Toyah creek, as Ben Fairbanks had

suggested.



When the filly was two years old

she ceased to be an object of ridicule

for anybody. She had by that time

grown to her long head and butter-

milk barrel, and when she felt the bit

in her mouth developed more perfect;

ly the easy and rapid stride of the

pacer. She was no trouble to break,

and took to the saddle even better

than the colts from the gentle mares

at home. She showed good breeding

by having confidence in her master,

something we never looked for in our

range ponies.



Always sure footed and safe, the

little pacing filly carried her rider

through the canyons and breaks in

search of strays. Any path that could

be followed by cattle was none too

steep for Comet.



The spring she was three years old,

Elmer rode the mare to El Paso, a

hundred and five mile, between sun-

up and sundown. The surveyors were

lOcating the railroad through the

Sierra Blanca range, and were then

camped at our spring. The chief en-

gineer had offered twenty-five dollars

to anybody that would take a message

through to the nearest telegraph

office so that it would reach its des-

tination before eight o’clock in the

evening. The trip was made with

half an hour to spare, and after that

the fame of the pacing mare with

fiaxen mane and tail was known from

the Pecos to the Rio Grande.



It was a month after this proof of

endurance as well as speed that Don

Porfirio with a herd of twenty-three

mares came to the hills a few miles

west of our ranch, where the grass

always started up earlier than on the

prairie. It was three weeks before

the spring roundup, and Elmer and I

had been scouting in the edge of the

cedar breaks looking for cows that

had brought early calves. Mountain

lions had been bolder than usual, and

many of the early calves had disap-





 

 





 

 





peared. Later in the spring, when,

the cattle drifted" {out to the open

(Generated we 4.76) _ :..-





The cattle men with their _





 





_ ___. .fi-,._,.,
_ _._. .fi-..._,.. .v.





l





 





 





 





arms '25, 1914. ' f .





_ The Explosion.

‘ BI FRANK H. SWEET.

THE Monterey foundry was new,





 





its outfit new, even many of the



men were new, for foundrymen

were not so plentiful that a new con-

cern could fully supply itself with

experienced men at the start.





Bud Ellis, however, in spite of the

fact that he was the youngest and

held the most subordinate position in

the foundry, was not new. His father

had been killed in an explosion, and

soon after he had commenced to add

the pittance of his own labor to the

family income. Later,~he had been

allowed to help with the sand beds

and with the polishing of the com-

pleted work. But through all the five

years of his foundry experience he

had had a. horror of everything con-

nected with the casting molds, for it

was in the explosion of a too-wet

mold that his father had been killed.

Whenever he approached a mold in

which the liquid iron was hissing, his

face whitened, and he shivered as

though with a strong impulse to turn

and flee; and when he was obliged to

remain near the workers, to hand

them things, so near that the glare

of the hot iron burned his face and

hands, it required all his fortitude and

determination to stand his ground,

with white face and clinched teeth.





He had fought the weakness, stub-

bornly, fiercely, and in a measure

had overcome it—was overcoming it

still. The first time he had approach-

ed a casting after his father’s death,

he had experienced a faintness and

nausea which had obliged him to rush

into the open air. Now he could re-

main steady and quiet, helping the

workmen, and only from the look in

his eyes and the tremor in his voice

when he spoke, could it be known

that the terror was still upon him.

But it had taken five years of con-

stant and determined self-watching

to accomplish it.



As he grew older, another terror

had taken possession of him, the ter-

ror of proving a coward, of turning

and rushing away, ignominously, at

some critical moment. There had been

no accident in the foundry since his

father’s death, but he was always

thinking of one, watching for one,

expecting it; and he was afraid that

should he come upon signs of an ac-

cident, of an explosion, unexpectedly,

his terror would control him before

his reason.



This dread made him extra careful

and vigilant—so much so that it be-

came noticeable, and he was giVen

oversight of the molds that were be-

ing made ready for the castings. The

danger of explosion came from exces-

sive moisture of the clay into which

the hot iron was run, and too much

care could not be exercised in watch-

ing this almost only source of danger.





In making the molds, the models of

the iron to be case are pressed into

moist clay, maying perfect impres-

sions of one-half the model; then the

two impressions which form the

whole are clamped firmly together in

a strong frame, with a small opening

through which the liquid iron is to

be poured. It is necessary for the

clay to be slightly moist, but if it. is

too wet the hot iron creates a sud-

den steam which has no means of

escape. This may cause a terrific ex-

plosion, with disastrous consequen-

ces, especially if the casting is a

large one.



But Ellis had been watching for

and dreading another of these explo-

sions for five years; and then, as of-

ten happens, during a momentary re-

laxing of vigilance it came. Bud, how-

ever, was not to blame.



He had examined the molds care-

fully that morning as usual, placing

those that were ready upon a hand

truck and wheeling them to a con-

venient distance from the furnace.





 





Only one was left, a mold for a

threshing machine shaft, weighing

perhaps seventy or eighty pounds.

The clay of this was very wet,

through some carelessness of the

molder; and Bud left it for further

drying. It would not be ready under

one, and perhaps two, days. Soon

after, Bud was sent by the foreman

on an errand to another part of the

works.



But it so happened'that this morn-

ing a rush order was sent in for the

shaft casting; and another workman,

after a hurried‘ search among the

molds near the furnace, went to the

room where they were made. Find-

ing this all clamped and apparently

ready, and supposing that Bud had

overlooked it, he lifted it upon a

hand truck and hurried it t a very

front place among the molds, tfor im-

mediate use.



When Bud returned, the traveling

crane had just swung a great kettle

of hissing metal directly above this

mold, and a workman was in the act

of dipping the kettle to run in the

iron. At first Bud did not notice, and

it was only when the fiery stream

shot down and his gaze followed it,

that he understood.



As he realized the catastrophe that

was coming, his limbs trembled so he

had to grasp an upright for support.

For an instant his face grew white

and his gaze swept involuntarily to-

ward the entrance, but only for an

instant. Then the impending danger

of the workmen around the shaft mold

seemed to drive everything else from

his mind, and with a wild cry and a

tremendous bound that carried him

half the intervening distance he

threw himself forward upon the mold,

grasping it with extended arms and

tense muscles.



Already the metal was hissing down





THE ‘MICHIGAN FARMER





into the mold, and a few drops of it

touched his forehead and seared

down across his cheek, making a liv-

id scar that would remain with him

through life. But he did not know,

did not even feel it. His face was

set, his teeth clinched.



He was a strong boy; but ordinar-

ily he could not have lifted the weight

in that shape, with the addition of

the metal already in, and with the

hot, scorching glare blistering his

face. But now he raised it swiftly to

his knees, to his shoulders, above his

head; and then with one fierce, tre-

mendous exertion of his strength he

hurled it through a window a few

feet away, breaking glass and sash as

it shot out and down into the yard

below.



By this time the workmen under-

stood, and the kettle was swung back,

checking the flow of metal. A sec-

ond, and then came a tremendous ex-

plosion outside, which tore a long,

ragged hole in the side of the build-

ing, hurling splinters in every direc-

tion and injuring several of the work-

men, but none seriously.



Bud was lying down on the earth

floor now, gasping and trembling,

faint from the horrow and weak from

the exertion. Several of the work-

men lifted him and carried him out

into the open air. He tried to raise

his hand in expostulation, but was too

weak.



As he lay, however, a sudden com—

prehending, joyous light flashed into

his eyes, and he smiled happily. But

it was not on account of the admira-

tion in the faces of those around him,

or the words of congratulation and

praise that were coming from their

lips. No, it was of far, far more sig-

nificance than that. He had not prov-

ed a coward. No longer need he have

dread of the future.





”HllllllllHlllHHHIIHIHIHHHIHl|HHHIIIllHlIIHHIIHHIIHHIIIIIIIHIIlIll||lIHIIIHIHHHlNHilIIHHIHHHillllllllillllllllllllllllllllllll!|l||ll||l||||l!||lHHIlll!ll!ll|||I!“l|lllllIHllllllUIHIllHill!ll|IllllHIHHHHIIHHIIHIIIH





OBSERVATIONS ON FlS/HING.

BY w. TRUB.



There is only one thing about fish-

ing that I cannot understand. You

will hear men brag by the hour of

their successful fishing experiences,

and all the while they will be declar-

ing, “That was great luck.” Now what

reason has a man for





 





that I must be sleepy and had better

go to bed. All the time I was cer-

tainly more awake than they.



But from the conflicting require-

ments they would make, one was in-

clined to believe that the men who

could fish were few. Nevertheless,

their rebuke that I knew nothing

about fishing, set me to wishing for





 





bragging about luck?

The “Good Book”

tells us that God

sends the rain on the

just and the unjust.

So no fishing enthu-

siast can maintain

that, because on a

certain occasion he

caught more and

larger fish of a rare-

kind than any other

person he had yet

heard of, he has been

especially favored by

providence as an up-

right man. My way

of looking at it is,

that a person should

rather be humble un-

der such circum-

stances.



Many





 





an evening

have my father and

neighbors sat tilted

back in their chairs

rehearsing for the

hundredth time won-

derful stories about

fishing expeditions.

From the growth

these stories have

had since I first

heard them, the

events they are

meant to describe

must have been small

indeed. _ I have re-

called to their minds former descrip-

tions of the same incidents and tried

to make matters consistent, but these

peaceful attempts put me in wrong,

and brought out stern utterances that

I knew nothing about fishing, and

would usually end in the suggestion





 





5.x:

:2





 





 





the chance to see if providence would

not suffer a little of the “luck” with

which their lives seemed but over.

flowing, to fall in my path. Hence

one fine spring day I set out, togged

in father’s river boots and an old

sweater, and provided with bait and





 





2 II. P. $34.90: 6 I. P. $69.75





6 II-P.$99.35: 8 II-P,3139;g5: 11 $3,303.19).

. a -

61253;? amnesia may“ "prams. '





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Stations Portable and Special Sawri styles.

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Thousands in use, in all parts of the world.





’ I

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with Easy-Termssalee 5

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' ED. H. WITTE,

Wine Iron Works 00.. .

2193 0nhlnndAvo-.

KANSAS cm, :0.





 





 





RUN 0N KEROSENE





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Ellis. Engines develop more power on cheap lamp

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Will also operate successfully on lstillate, petrol,

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ELLIS ENGINE 00.. 110 Mullet! St" Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





Power Where You





Take your engine

to the work in-

stead of bringing

work to engine.

This outfit is the





   

 





Want It





 

 

 

 





most reliable __





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





0

O

O

O

O

O

O

0

6

O

0

Q

O

O

O

O





 

 

 

 





 





Don’t Let Smut

Ruin Your Crops





when you can prevent it by a

simple method of treating the

seed. Don’t let disease rob you

of a valuable horse or cow when

a simple remedy applied in time

will save it.





 





Learn Izow ollzer farmers have

stopped these little losses that

make big holes in tile year’s

profz'ls. What they kave done

YOU can do.





THE I.C.S. FARMER’S HANDBOOK

contains 380 pages of money-making

ideas and pointers gathered from the 1

experience of the most successful

farmers in the country. A few of

the subjects treated are:





Soil: Drainage: Fertilizers: Farm

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such tackle as I could find about the

house. Fortunately, there was a' libs

eral amount of fisherman’s “Luck” in

my cup, and the string I brought home

Was the admiration of the neighbor-

hood, including the oldest and most

versatile of the anglers.



It is sufficient to say that hence‘

forth I was accorded an honorable

place in the evening circle and when

newcomers brought fresh stories to

the ears of the natives, I was looked

upon to render positive assistance in

teaching the late arrivals a lesson of

humility, by relating in language set

with adjectives of the superlative de-

gree, the success of my first fishing

trip.



My sister asked me the other day,

after I had told the story, if I remem-

bered exactly just how many fish I

had caught





 





THE RETURN OF COMET.





 





(Continued from page 474).

prairie they were not molested by

these maurauders.



We had ridden from behind a ced‘

ar-covered mound, and were headed

down the canyon, when across the

flat and less than a half mile away

we saw a band of horses feeding on

the short mesquite grass. Quick as

had been our vision of the Wild herd,

for such it proved to be, the black

leader had sensed our approach, and

had already given the alarm. As the

herd raced away up the narrow side

canyon, the sagacious old leader re-

mained in the rear, stopping at inter-

vals to look back at us.



“Let’s give ’em a run,” shouted El-

mer, who was several yards ahead

of me, mounted on Comet. I rode

one of the best cow horses on the

ranch, from whose back had been

roped more than one of the wild herd.



I had no hopes of coming up with

the wild bunch, but instantly let out

for a short chase. Wegained on

them for half a mile, then Don Por-

firio, seeing that it was a run in can

nest, took the lead and they swept up

the valley like the wind. When we

reached the rough trail at the head of

the canyon, I reined in my horse to

a slow gallop; then I noticed for the

first time that Comet had taken the

matter of the chase into her own

hands, so to speak. She had always

been so docile and easy to control

that it seemed unlike her to bolt, and

continue in pursuit in spite of El-

mer’s tug on the reins. The mare

ran thus up the rough gully for a

quarter of a mile before the wild

horses disappeared behind a clump of

screw-bean trees and she was brought

to a stop.



As we rode home, she appeared

nervous, glancing about apprehen-

sively, and jumping every time a jack

rabbit broke cover. She became res-

tive when held down to a walk, and

was in a lather of sweat when we

reached the ranch.



Elmer told father about running

the wild horses, and of the strange

behavior of Comet. He was dis-

pleased.



“You should never chase wild

horses with Comet,” he cautioned E1-

mer. “She has the blood of her wild

ancestors in her veins, and may join

the wild herd at the first opportu-

nity.”



We had heard nothing more of the

wild bunch when a week later we

started out, ten of us, to work the

range cattle dowu from the hills

across Cedar Canyon so as to get

everything out to the smooth country

before the final roundup. There were

three men from the Bar-V outfit, two

from Wilkin’s ranch, three of the

Englishman’s hands, and Elmer and

I. We had two mounts each and were

out to stay a week.



It was the third night from home

when, just before daylight, we heard

a commotion among the horses that

had been hobbled in the flat 3 quarter

of a mile from camp. Such fighting.

and squealing as I had never heard





' was





among the‘ placid cow ponies. 'Two

of the horses had been picketed near

camp. Ben Fairbanks was the first

man to reach one of these, which he

quickly saddled and galloped off in

the direction of the fighting horses.

The other picketed horse had broken





loose, so the rest of us" followed Ben

91





on foot.



In the dark we could see nothing,

but could still hear squealing, fight~

ing, and the thud of boots. Fairbanks

soon came up with some of the

horses, then we all heard a snort off

to the left and the clatter of running

horses.



By this time day was breaking, and

we soon had all the horses rounded

up except one; and that one was

Comet! When it got a little lighter

we saw that one of the Bar-V horses

had been bitten and kicked until he

Would be unfit to use for a month.

Then we struck the trail leading off

toward the west, of not one horse,

but two! There was Comet’s little

hoof print, and a larger one. In the

soft, sandy soil the deep toe impres-

sion showed that they were both

pacing.



“Don Porfirio’s work,” exclaimed

Chapman, from the Toyah outfit,

pointing to the tracks, and picking up

a strand of the broken bobble that the

pacing filly had worn. We all accepted

this as the solution, when a little far-

ther on the tracks of the two was

lost among a score of others, all head

ed toward the cedar hills.



When a horse that has felt the re-

straint of man again breathes the

breath of freedom, they are more cun-

ning and wary than their ancestors

that have never tasted the bit, and we

knew that the recapture of Comet

was all but hopeless.



We heard no more of the mare till

late in the summer, when a Mexican

from Fort Davis stopped at the ranch

with a story of a white—tailed pacer

that had been seen with Don Porfir-

io’s bunch. Horses were becoming

more valuable, and a cattleman from

the Barillos Spring range had offered

a hundred dollars for the black stal-

lion alive, or fifty for his hide. Once

the black stallion were out of the

way. it would be possible to trap the

mares and colts. A hundred dollars

was a big reward, and according to

our informant, a party had been or-

ganized to hunt the old black horse

in the southern end of his range.





The unwritten law of the range

gave to the captors all outlaw stock,

and we determined to make an efiort

to get Comet before she fell into the

hands of the Fort Davis party. But

it was not till November that the old

veteran slipped away from his pur-

suers tO‘the south, and again visited

our end of his range.



Two of the Bar-V boys rode with

us, and for three days we chased the

wild bank in a futile endeavor to tire

them. By relays we drove them

across the breaks and into the can-

yon, and when they tried to escape

toward the south we turned them

again toward the cedars. Always the

mare with the flaxen mane and tail

was neck and neck with the leader.



Once, when we approached within

hearing, Elmer gave the shrill whis-

tle by which he had called the mare

to her feed when she was a colt. She

raised her head as if she recognized

the call, then with a vicious kick took

up her place just behind the leader.

Henry Chapman said she could taste

the hateful bit in her mouth, right

then.



Our chase ended like all the rest;

Old Don Porifiirio slipped out in the

night, and was fifty miles to the south

before we could start on his trail.



Once during the winter we heard of

the wild pacers, and at the spring

round up a herder from Barrillos told

us that he had seen the mare early in

March, followed by a colt.



From this time on the cattlemen

had plenty of trouble. on their hands

and the wily old stallion and his nu-
THE“ MIC HI





merous familyr was, forgotten. This: Their gaunt forms and lustreless

was the year of the unusual drouth. hair told a tale of starvation and a

We always expected dry weather in hard winter. Comet’s hip bones pro-

summer for a few months, but for truded, and her hair was off in patch-

eight months there had been neither es. The expressionless eyes indicat-

rain nor snow, and all but a few of ed that the call for food and shelter

the water holes dried up before July. for herself and offspring, had been.

The dry hides and bleaching bones of louder than the voice of freedom.

cattle marked the trail for two hun- The mare and colt had evidently

dred miles in either direction. For subsisted on cactus till the spines had

two years the range had been over— literally filled their lips and worked

stocked with cattle from the central through the jaws. They were a piti-

part of the state where the big ranches ,ful sight, and were unable to either

were being cut up into farms. By the chew or swallow the food we gave

thousands cattle drifted toward the them.



salt lakes of the Diablos, and per- Annie made a kettle full of gruel of

ished on the way, or after drinking meal and water. This they could

of the poisonous water. swallow a little at a time, and thus



Then in September the rain came. we nursed them back to strength. It

It came in torrents, every few days was a month before the sores caused

for a month, unlike anything we had by the piercing cactus spines healed.

ever seen in this dry region. The For almost two years the mare had

short grass in the valleys, where enjoyed the freedom of her ances-

some growth had been made in spite tors, but now she was content to

of the drouth, cured up like hay; but again come under the restraint of

the continuous rain caused it to rot man.

till it contained no more nutriment The hard winter had begun the

than so much sawdust. Stock that had work, and in a few weeks the wild

survived the disastrous drouth now herd was scattered and broken, the

succumbed from starvation. Herds hide of Don Porfirio himself bringing

that were able to travel were driven fifty dollars to the Mexican who shot

farther north to the plains where the him. Without a leader, the stock of

season had been more favorable. The the settlers no longer broke the re-

prairies were dotted with carcasses, straint of their owners in answer to

around which fought snarling wolves. the call of freedom.



Never before nor afterwards did We

see so many wolves, drawn to the

range by the great abundance of food. BY J. A. KAISER.



Father had determined to keep the It matters not whether stately halls

cattle and horses on the home range Of a rich man’s mansion mark the

through the winter, since half of them ' spot;

would fall on the trail before they "F’s home as well as



crumbling walls

could reach better pastures. The Of a poor man’s dwelling be its lot;

Bar-V men, ten miles to the south of ’Tis home as well if true hearts are

us, were already singeing cactus, and . there, .

as soon as the rain was over Elmer Be It IOWIY hut or palace fair.

and I took the wagon and camp outfit It matters not though it be a tent

to the long ridge two miles north of Or a rocky cave by ocean’s shore;

the ranch, Where the tuna, or prickly ’Tis hglliletas well if true hearts are

pear cactus, grew thick and rank. For In theelforge of fate for ever-more;

a week We worked early and late. cut- ’Tis home as well, and the glad hearts

.ing the big bunches with long-hand- ’ sing; _

led brush hooks and dragging them For tifiinaglways home where Love Is





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





HOME."





 





though the





 





to the mesquite-root fire where he

held them over the flame with pitch-

forks till the spines were singed so BY CHAS. H. mamas.



that the cattle could eat the thick, ’Tis plowing time, and as the fertile

succulent leaves. Then the cattle were soil



driven to the long rick we had made, Is turned, the farmer dreams of





_. h . bumper yields; .

and StOOd there gorging t emselves And dreaming thus, he does not mlnd





PLOWING TIME.





 





Every week till grass came in the the toil

spring we spent at least two days Required to claim the profits from

singeing cactus for the cattle. For his fields.





the horses we had saved some millet

and sorghum hay from the little irri-

gated field at the ranch. For



In spite of the cactus feed, we lost

heavily in cattle, as well as three

horses. The northers swept across

the prairie, the biting blast chilling

the half-starved animals. The wire





The fresh, moist earth gives promise

of reward

honest toil,

spring air,

He feels the kindly spirit of the Lord,

Which brings him peace and wafts

away his care.





and in the soft





’Tis spring again, and new life seems





to fill

fences about. ranch houses were The farmer’s body, and his faith’s

strung With hides of fallen cattle. sublime;





had held up He knows not What his toil may bring,

but still



His heart is filled with trust—at

plowing time.





Many cattle that

through the first winter months fell

before the norther that raged three

days, ending the tenth of February.

It was not cold like the northern bliz—

zard, but the gripping wind chilled

to the marrow, though the tempera—

ture fell a very little below freezing.



On the eleventh the sun rose bright dollar bill on top.

and warm, and it seemed that there u I want to pay for that barrel of

would-be only a few more weeks of potatoes 1 got.”

cactus feeding for the cattle. We were “Can’t take this money,” said the

just starting to the cactus thicket deffklxgg not?” ?

when Elmer called my attention to “Mogt of it isn’t good.”

some object coming across the prairie “The top layer is good, is it not?”

from the west. ‘ "



“Look, Joe,” he exclaimed. “Did

you ever see anything stagger like

that and still be able to walk? Looks

like a cow and calf—no,



' horse.”



“And the other’s a colt,” I replied,

as they came nearer.



Then we saw the flaxen mane of

the larger, and both of us shouted, “ , ,,



«Comet l n H'1‘0 ’ fatten em.

Isnt it pretty slow work to fatten



We met them out a few rods from .them on grass? Up where 1 come

the corral. The mare gave a weak from We pen them 111) and feed them





- on corn. It saves a lot of time.”

little whinny as we approached, and “Yaas, I s’pose so,” drawled the





staggered eagerly through the Open mountaineer. “But, what’s time to a

gate, the colt following dazedly. hawg?”





A FEW SMILES.





 





Paying in Kind.

.I-le came and laid down some sus-

plcmus looking bills, with a genuine





&





“That’s the way it was with the



potatoes.”

Efficiency.



, . A Northerner driving through the

01188 a West Virginia mountains came up

with a mountaineer leisurely driving

a herd of pigs.



“Where are‘you driving the pigs

to?” asked the rider.



“Out to pasture ’em a bit.”



“What for?”





   





GANEkisrs”





The Comfort of “5130”

Begins with the Pattern





One reason why No. 5130 C loth-

craft Blue Serge Special is one of the

most successful suits for men is because

it is so well designed.



The time and money devoted to

designing the patterns are Well spent,

for they result in a comfortable, easy

fit. The suit keeps its shape and every

detail of collar, sleeves, pockets, arm-

holes and so on, is just right.





It doesn’t cost you any more either : '





for doing each little operation in the

one best way also means saving time

and money.





It may be only a fraction of a

minute in sewing a seam, or in trim-

ming a lining, but altogether it means

a good many dollars. That saving

comes back to you in the painstaking

work of the designer, and in better

and better material and workmanship.





And, remember, Clothcraft is the

one GUARANTEED ALL WOOL

line of men’s ready for service clothes

at $10 to $20.



Drop in at the Clothcraft Store and see

for yourself the substantial value of No. 5130

Blue Serge Special at $15.





Write for the new Style Book and a

personal note of introduction to the nearest

Clothcraf t dealer.





There is also a fall-weight Clothcraft Blue Serge Special

at $18.50 known as No. 4130.

D

The Joseph & Feiss Company

Founded 1846—Oldcs! Illakzrs of Alan's Clothes in A "mica

I 623 St. Clair Ave., N. W. Cleveland, Sixth City

, , Aw # c M l





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





\



This label on \‘



every Clothcraft



Suit. Our signed



guaranty in the



pocket of every

coat.





 





 





All]! _A_ ROCKER





Sell 25 Boxes of

w This Soap and





THIS BIG VALUE 7 BAR BOX

CONTAINS 7 OF OUR MOST

POPULAR TOILET SOAPS.



15¢ Value— You Sell it

for Only 500. .. ‘





...."





 

 

 





stered Rocker





EASY





 

 

 

 

 





Earn This

Fine Uphol-





 





 

 

 





DON’T Description of

MISS THIS Rocker lo. 90174

BIG OFFENI Frame of solid





L ak, Golden 0 a k





E will send this fine “"3“: “013.90,“?

WV Rocker and 25 boxes 33m in 383—4 '1'" 5 Ever?



of our Big Bargain seven ““8“" 5“"5 ““de”

(7) Bar Box of Assorted Toilet

Soap to any responsible person,

on thirty days' credit. Don’t {’tjs'thglilfkgnlinfii?,fl

send any money unless you want iii-nest 'h i gllcfroln

to—just fill out the Coupon be- 5““-





arms: seat measures

21x20inches: 8 ring

construction. lock-

er upholstered in





 





 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





low—give names of two re-

liable business men of your

town as references, and we will

ship Soap and Rocker at once.





You sell this Soap at 50c abox. send

us $12.50 when it is sold. and you have

the Rocker as your reward.





Soap Easy lo Sell





Anyone can quickly sell twentv- five ‘

boxes of this high grade. Toilet Soap. i

Boys and girls can easfly earn this ‘

Rocker by selling Soap after school.

Friends and neighbors will beglad to

buy because of the big value.





Everybody knows that Crofts 8: Reed's

Products are of high quality. We have

been making GOOD goods for twenty. ,. ~«



SIX years People everywhere want ‘3 ‘ "

Crofts 6; Reed's Soap. You will be sur-

prised how easy you can earn

this handsome Rocker. Remem-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





UOE THIS COUPON





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Back, Heavy

Upholsteriug.





 

 





(209}





 





 





bar, you take no risk-we take



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Edison are not perfectly satis-



cams & IIEEII 00.



no”. “"315 CHICAGO Name .........................

IF CASE ACCOM' Address ......................

PANlES o R 0 I5 I Post Ofiice ...................

we will send you a70c

box 0' chocolates ‘5 Reference .....................

.' "cum m M Reference .....................





 





 





 





CROFTS & REED CO., Dept. A-315

Please ship to my address 25 Boxes Assorted Soap and Rocker No,

90174. I agree to sell the Soap and send you $12.50 within 30 day;-





..................... Business...............





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Chicago





.................... State





.................... B~.tinnss...............





 





 





 





 





 





you saw their ad. in The





When Writing to advertisers





 

 

 

 

 





lease state that

lchigan Farmer.
Mrs. Youngwise—' ‘I ’m afraid





John’s mother’s offended.

She came over to help with

my washing, and it was nearly

done. She said‘ I hadn’t done

it right because I didn’t boil

my clothes like she and her

mother always had, and I

said she didn’t spin and weave

any more like people used to,

and then- she left in a huff.”





Anty Drudge—“ She’ll get

over it when I talk to her and

tell her about Fels-Naptha

Soap. I’ll tell her to blame

me because I advised you to

use it.”





Every year there

is some new way

to lighten women’s

work—but never a

better nor more sen-

sible one than the

Fels—Naptha way.





Fels-Naptha Soap

in cool or lukewarm

water will do any-

thing that soap and

water can do, in half

the time it used to

take with less than

half the bother.





it will get your

washing on the line

so much earlier, and

the clothes will be

sweeter, cleaner and

whiter than ever be-

fore. You don’t have

to boil them either.





Better buy it by the box or car-

ton, For all kinds of work eveery

day in the year follow the directions

on the Red and Green Wrapper.





Fels a 00., Philadelphia.





 





,At





W





 

 





 





 





1811617161” N





f Heine a; £1116 Elsewhere





 





 





 





Home Was Made for the Family.





 





T is in Locksley Hall that Tenny-

son chants that famous couplet

which is quoted more frequently

than many a better thing he sang:



“In the spring a young man’s fancy

lightly turns to thoughts of love.”



But probably we quote it so fre-

quently because it is so essentially

human and true. From Easter to June

the marrage license clerks and the

society editors have their busy sea-

son and blushing brides and gallant

bridegrooms are the order of the day.

With the issuing of the license and

the chonicling of the wedding, the in-

cident is considered closed so far as

the public is concerned, but to the

participants life is really but a be-

ginning.



Each wedding is but the beginning

of a new home and what that home

is to be in 99 cases out of every 100

depends upon the woman. Occasion-

ally one finds a home where the hus—

band rules, but as a general proposi-

tion the American husband is con-

tent to earn the living and leave the

finer art of home-making to his” wife.

It is up to her to decide whether the

home is to be a comfortable place in

which to dwell, or a place to be

shunned for the greater ease of the

village post office, the saloon or the

city club. .



Knowing this, it always seems

queer to me that so many wives make

the mistake of considering their home

a place to take care of and worry

about, rather than a place to live in

and enjoy. Instead of considering





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





the home as a place Where one can

relax and feel free to sit down in any

chair in any preferred spot, so many

women go about with a crease between

their eyes, madly intent on keeping

each article of furniture in the exact

spot, marked out with mathematical

precision, in which the furniture deal-

er put it down when he delivered it.

The table must stand exactly so, the

Morris chair must be in that corner,

the large rocker right here, and the

straight-backed chair squarely in

front of the desk. There must be no

papers lying about, no books out of

plumb, no ravellings on the carpet,

no dust anywhere, and horror of hor-

rors, no tobacco, old pipes or burnt

matches within the sacred precincts

of the spot called home.





Home! What a misnomer for such

a rigidly ruled domicile. Prison is a

better term. A prison where the jail-

er is a thin-lipped, nerve~frazzled

woman who honestly believes she is

doing her whole duty by her family

because she keeps her house spot-

less and in order. If she is, how far

short I come of doing my duty. As I

write, two small boys are. busy cut-

ting up paper. They are making as.

tonishing looking horses and cows,

flags enough to furnish the whole

United States Army, and airships to

supply the whole aviation corps. A

paper train extends from one end of

the living-room to the farther end of

the dining-room, and more coaches

and cabooses are being piled up to

add to it so it will go clear through

into the kitchen and lap over. Paste-





pot and brushes are at hand, and ev-.

. erything is in the working order so





dear to the childish heart.



I need not tell the perfect house-

wife that the house is a sight! If

anyone should call they would think

the ’rag-pickers’ association was hold-

ing its annual meeting here. But the

boys are happy, and they are at





home. I’d like to have the house al-

ways tidy, it really does get on my

nerves to have things kicking about.

But I want more to have my boys

think home is the place to be happy

in, rather than a place to get out of

as quickly as possible each morning

and shun until bedtime, so I put up

with the disorder.



My husband’s favorite after-supper

stunt is to pull the shabbiest looking

chair out ofacorner where I’ve had it

hidden behind something else all day,

place it exactly in the centerOof the

room near the table, let himself

down into it with a satisfied grunt,

and elevate his feet to the edge of

the reading table. At the same time

he elevates a pipe to an angle of 45

degrees in one corner of his mouth,

picks up the evening paper and grave-

ly judges the doings of the whole

world for the day just passed,





I wish he wouldn’t put his feet on

the table. The front edge is worn off

clear across from nine years’ rubbing

by his heels. The table doesn’t look

new and shiny and polished like the

ones I see in the homes of my

friends. But if that is my husband’s

idea of a good time, isn’t it. better to

let him enjoy himself that way than

to nag him out of the house? I cer-

tainly would rather he would be rub-

bing the edge of his own library ta-

ble with his heels than polishing a

bar with his elbow, or out seeking

that consoler of so many American

husbands, an affinity.



In a word, to me home is the

place where we are all to do as we

like, providing we are not doing

someone else an injustice or deliber-

ately destroying property. If the

house gets mussed up in the process

of being comfortable, the one who

musses it up has the job of picking

up again, and even the youngest boy

sees the justice in that.



To the many, many spring brides

this little screed is meant as a. word

of helpfulness. As you start out to

make that new home, remember that

you are not the only one to be con-

sidered. Your husband has some

rights there other than furnishing the

money to run the menage, and if he

wants to upset your orderly arrange-

ments and is happy in doing it, leave

him alone. And when the children

arrive don’t relegate them to second

place and give the housework pre-

cedence. You can keep the house

neat after they are grown up and

gone, but you can only give' them

one chance in all their lives to enjoy

you and their home. Let your motto

be, “Home was made for the family,

not the family for the home.”



DEBORAH.





 





ENDIVE.





 





BY CHARLOTTE BIRD.



By some, endive is known as the

German salad or lettuce. Ccnsider-

ing its excellence, it is long in com-

ing into its deserved general Ameri-

can favor. This is probably because

its culture and use are so little un-

derstood in this country.



It may be eaten in the summer,

when it is green and tough and bit-

ter. But it is not really desirable till

October or November. And when en-

dive is blanched, it is as tender and.

delicious as celery and as a salad it

is unsurpassed by anything. For the

table it is treated much like lettuce,

to whose family it belongs.





 





Endive has the advantages of keep-

ing perfectly for months in a cool cel-

lar and of being at its best and with-

in easy reach, when lettuce grows no-

where but in a greenhouse.



One may sow endive as early as

April, but the best sowings are made

in June and July. When the plants

are large enough, they should be

transplanted a foot apart each way

and thenbe kept clear of weeds. They

require no special soil.



When the plants have attained their

full size, unless they are of a self-

blanching variety, and even then,

they should be blanched. To blanch

endive gather up the leaves into a

cone shape and tie their tips with

strings so that the air and light may

be excluded. According to the tem-

perature the blanching process will

require from three to six weeks. It

is very difficult to blanch endive in

the hot months because it is so lia-

ble to rot or to grow up into spikes.



Endive is delicious dressed with

olive oil. And its flavor is improved

by just a suggestion of garlic, about

what would be imparted by rubbing

a piece of bread with a cut kernel and

dressing.





 





DRIED FRUITS ARE ECONOMICAL

AND VALUABLE.





 





Fresh fruits are divided into two

classes, “flavor fruits” and “food

fruits,” according as they are valued

for their flavor or as a food, accord-

ing to the Office of Nutrition Investi-

gations for the United States Depart-

ment of Agriculture. Those that are

80 per cent or more water fall under

the first classification, such as apples,

pears, peaches, and most of our com-

mon fruits, while those containing

less than 80 per cent are “food

fruits,” bananas, grapes, and figs. The

food value of a pound of dried fruit

is, of course, much greater than that

of a pound of fresh fruit, as a pound

of the latter will yield an average of

about six ounces dried. The main

change which takes place during dry-

ing is the loss of water, but very of-

ten the right degree of heat produces

changes not unlike those which occur

during natural ripening on the plant.

Much of the starch is changed to

some form of sugar. The change in

flavor is due partly to the proportion.

ate increase of sugar from loss of

water and to absolute increase from

chemical changes.





Grapes commonly cost less apound

than raisins, but a given sum spent

for grapes will buy a smaller amount

of nutritive material, since the pro-

portion of water is much higher than

in the raisins. On the other hand,

low-priced fresh fruit is sometimes-as

economical as a somewhat cheaper

dried fruit, since the latter would re-

quire sugar and fuel to make it ready

for the table.



R

LETTER BOX.





 





A Word from Mrs. Ella E. Rockwood.





Mrs. Ella E. Rockwood, formerly

editor of this department, has been

spending the winter in California. Her

many friends will be glad to get this

word from her, from far-off San

Diego:



“I like .it here in San Diego very

much, in fact, better than in Los

Angeles. The beautiful bay is an ev-

er-present beauty spot, with historic

Point Loma just beyond on one side

and Coronado on the other. The cli-

mate seems to be ideal. Old residents





here declare they like the summer,





 

 





 

 





 





aw. ., ”“3... ,





_..A -,,.-~
—-‘1\ NH?“ .





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Arm L 2'5;- 1914‘. i.-





‘TH‘E- GARDEN ‘FIEND.





 





BY IRMA '1‘. SOPER.





My brain is in a tumult,

My mind is in a whirl,



I’ve looked at scores of catalogs,

And each” one is a “pearl.”





The “garden bug” has got me.

(It gets me every spring).



I want to plant some “garden sass,”

Some melons—everything.





I want to plant some onions.



(Here’s hoping they will grow).



Some nice, round, red, tomatoes,

The best there are, you know.





Some radishes and lettuce,

A dozen diff’rent kinds.



Some large and luscious melons,

With thin and crispy rinds.





'Some squashes and some pumpkins,

Some climbing beans and peas.

Then there are many others,

I’d like, besides all these.





I’d» like to try some eggplant,

Some kohl-rabi and such.

And a dandy kind of cabbage,

That’s knownias “Late Flat Dutch.”





But it is all perplexing.

Each catalog I see



Says, just as plain as can be:

“Just order seeds from me.”





I find a choice tomato

In Growem’s catalog.



But Gardner’s kind quite beats it

And leaves it in the fog.





I quite decide on radish——

’Tis Raisem’s “Ruby King.”

When comes another booklet—

“Red Globe” is “just the thing.”





The seeds that Brown will send you

Are guaranteed to grow,



If only’ you will get them,

Prepare the soil, and sow.





The melon seeds they tell of,

Grow melons juicy, sweet.

But Plantem’s boast is patent:

“Our melons can’t be beat.’





Each one holds forth its virtues

And tells, in magazines,



How you can get free packets,

And shows some garden scenes.





I guess there’s lots in hoeing,

Last year I planted seeds,



And, oh, the way my back ached,

A-keeping down the weeds.





It’s somewhat in the muscle

That brings the garden-sass;



And Growem’s seeds, and Plantem’s

Are all much of a class.





But still my brain is whirling

With seed-books here galore.

I’m not quite sure of what I want



To order, any more.





My wife, she has her troubles,

The “flower-bug” is near,



And “roses, pinks, and pansies,”

The one refrain I hear.





Through catalogs, she’s looking

Till there appears a frown,



“I can’t tell Where to order,

From Corianth or Brown!”





The more we look and ponder,



The more perplexed we get,

Though we’ve debated six weeks



straight,



VVe’ve not decided yet!

l‘.EllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllIlllllllllllllilllllllllllllHIHIIH[Hllllllll|llIlHIHIHIIIIHHHIHIH

better than the winter. Since it is

world-famed as a winter resort this is

saying a good deal.



“I’ve visited many points of inter-

est. Spent a pleasant half-day at Old

Town and ‘Ramona’s’ marriage place,

like every other tourist. To me it is

all very charming and romantic. I

shall soon be going to see the Old

Mission, also. This is situated a few

miles inland and not directly on the

sight of the original one, marked now

only by a huge cross on the hillside

near the old adobe building, where,

in the story, ‘Ramona’ was married

to ‘Allesandro.’ '



“As I write I hear the whirring en-

gine of a hydroplane in practice

flights from the government aviation

field at North Island, just a short dis-

tance away. It is very interestingeto

watch these huge machines as they

dip and curve over the water, every

now and then descending to the sur-

face to send around like any other





, motor boat, and then lift from the





water. and, sear Althea bird in, the air.





 





'T‘HAE MICHIGAN _F-AR‘MER





_ There are also daily practices by the





regular army in air ships.



“All night a mocking bird sang just

outside my window. As he had been

on the job the entire day, perched

high on a telephone pole, it seemed to

me he should have been tired enough

to go to bed. He is singing now as if

his little throat would burst.”





The Modern Girl is Fighting the Good

. Fight.



Household Editorz—Having seen

the article in the issue of February

28,1 could not help but write a little.

I am not an old woman, nor yet a

school teacher. I thought the article

was all right in more than one way.



I do not like to see anyone, young

or old, be careless of their appear-

ance, yet I do not think that women

or young girls of the present day look

graceful in the togs that are designed

for them to wear, unless they wish to

be looked upon as old-fashioned.



The girl of today looks as if she

had no looking-glass in which to see

her form. If she has a backbone,

why, in Heaven’s name, doesn’t she

use it? Moral backbone may be all

right, but where is the old-fashioned

one that used to hold a girl straight,

with shoulders thrown back and head

held high, instead of what we see

now? Look at many of the young





' girls of the present day. In what a





terrible, slouching way so many stand.

Do their teachers allow them to stand

so in school? It looks so, does it

not?



Let the writer of the previous let-

ter find one book on physiology that

says to wear a bushel of false hair,

and both paint and powder on their

faces, until they look like Indians on

the war path instead of girls, Amer-

ican girls, and school girls at that;



When does the girl get a chance to

do all of this decorating? Very likely

while her mother was doing up her

morning’s work she was doing this.

Why was she not in the kitchen d0-





ing her share of the work? Why don’t'





these great educators say, “We 'will

not teach girls who try to make

themselves look like monkeys?”



This same young woman will find

that settlement work is not all that

goes for real life. I wonder if these

young women could not help their

mothers a very little before setting

out to clean up a city, for it is not

the big things that count in life, but

the little ones—Reader.





 





 





 





CAN ANYONE TELL WHY?





ERE you ever caring for a



sick person, and observed the



conversation of the people

who come in to see the patient? If it

be a hurt, they hasten to tell them of

someone who was hurt just the same,

and they were lame for life, etc., etc.

If a sickness, then they tell of s0me-

one who died. If there has been an

accident they never fail to give the

patient all the harrowing details,

which can not help having a depress—

ing effect upon anyone who is ill.

They must put on a long face or they

do not sympathize.



I was sitting with a lady recently

who had a severe illness, and was

just beginning to sit up. A lady came

to call. The first remark was, “My,

but you are poor.”



To which the patient replied, “Why,

everyone says I am looking better.”



“Well, if you looked .any poorer,

you must have looked dreadful.”



Needless to say, the patient did

not care to have her friend come

again. When we are ill we all look

for the person who can smile and

leave some cheer behind, but such

are in the minority, I am sorry to say.

~Charity.





S. V.——We have printed directions

for insertion made with braid several

times, and do not wish to use more

at this time. Ask for either corona-





tion braid or novelty braid-





 





 





 





15—479





 





 





l Dutch"





reaches

l - ‘ I the hard-

to—get at

places and

takes hold

in a hurry.

’ Quickly

1 ' re m 0 ve s

' ' ‘ 3-; all thedirt





and grime.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





HI . “01d . . ‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





ll'





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





I Try it on hard

' ' things to clean

.0' ‘_-...‘

LARGE

CAN ', '

__.._.._ 10¢ a:-

2 .

/ . . .

l b "Nun—1"





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





The Price of a Cheap Shoe





What Is It?





1. A little less money.



2. A lot less wear.



3. A deal of comfort lost.



4. A quantity of cuss words.





Is It Worth the Price?





When you buy Rouge Rex Shoes you get your

full money's worth.dollar for dollar.and then some

—in wear, comfort, and genuine satisfaction.





You save your feet, your patience and your time,

and at the end of the year you will have spent

less real hard cash for your footwear. They're

all leather and they’re made right.





Try them out. Ask your dealer for a

pair of No. 449 tan Rouge Rex Shoes.

They are made of a special tannage

that has stood the

test of hard ser-

vice. Buy them

—you'll be glad

of it.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Write Dept. F for free descriptive book.

fllRTfl-KRKUSE COMPANY





Hide to Shoe Tanners and Shoe .Manufacturers





GRIND RAPIDS . . MICHIGKN





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





_ \\\\\\\\ \\ \\\\‘~ ‘\\\“\\Q:‘i\l‘\\\\\‘\~\‘§\f _'\;\\ \\:‘\\\\\.—\‘\‘1'

‘ Here is the newest, finest feature



for economy in fuel and sure re- \

sults in cooking. The Eclipse \

Sliding Track Damper is instantly

adjustable—with it the heat is abso-

lutely controlled.





ECLIPSE Ridhas





Write us for illustrated book. It will explain the

splendid flue arrangement which makes the top

of every Eclipse Range hot all r

over. Oven kept cool if desired. '





_Free book tells about all the Eclipse

line. Astove .for every purpose, all ..

famous for: durability and econom-

lcal service, and at rea-

sonable cost. Write

today for the book

and name of nearest

,, Eclipse dealer.





W, ‘ _/' Eclipse Stove Company





., Mansfield, Ohio

s“





 





 





;,





oven is too at,

sliding damper



can e 0 en- ~

ed so t at





 





 





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passes

around

the





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





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\
-« . , 1,

.:.,_,;¢.,.1





1;





,. s

(it . an?





L'L‘Vl." 111. . -





 





 





The Spreader

with the Beater

on the Axle.





Easy to 10:111. Onlv hip high to

the top and still has big drive wheels.





Iltrc’s the reason for the great

strength, wonderful simplicity and

good, ever} day working qualities of

the John Deere Spreader—





Beater and all driving parts

mounted on the r1 1r a.\lc (patented).

No s11 11in on frame. l\o shafts to

get out of li111. No chains, no

clutches, no adjustments. Only half

the parts heretofore used on the sim-

plest spreader.





Light draft because of few parts,

the iollcr beatings and the heater and

apron being dtiven directly from the

rear axle.





BOOKS FREE Fxcry farmer who 1



asks about the John 1

Deere Spreader “ill also rccciv e ‘Farm Manures

and Fertilizers". 'lhis book tells all about manure,

howto a “113' it and how to double the value of

each load by a proper s} Stem (11 top drcssi 1.113 To

gctit ask inr1111rl’11111ge\1 \5 1





JOHN DEERE, MOLINE, ILL.





 





 





 





 





 





:i--:'“\\





WESTERN CANADA NOW





 





 

 





The opportunity of securing free home.

stands of 160 acres each. and the low

priced lands of Manitoba. Sanka! chewan

and Alberta, will soon have passed. ’



Canada odors a. hearty welcome to the Settler.

to the. man with a. family looking for a home;

to the farmers son. to the renter. to all who

wish to live under better conditions.



Canada’s grain yield in 1918 is the

talk of the world. Luxuriant Grasses .give a

cheap fodder for large herds: cost of raising a

and fattening for market is a trifle. 4



The sum realized for Beef. Butter Milk and

Cheese w in pay fifty per cent on the

In\ einnent.



Write for literature and particulars as to

reduud ruilw ay rates to

Sum rintendent of Immigration.

Ottawa. Canada. or to



tan Government Agent.





   

   





I. V. Incline.

I76 Jefferson Avenue.

trait. ' ll.





 





 





7" 11.13%. Absolutely

. 5/ Waterproof





 





«MERE





3*:

Mann“





REFLEX

SLICKER





doanot absorb wate—

illurm u of! Wear

it when you worhin the

wet and know the

true meaning of wet

comfort.





$3.00 Slim-E >

PROTECTOR HAT

(waterproof) 75c.

Sulfur Midas-log

A. J TOWER CO.





BOSTON





YOUR MONEY“: '"“ 5%





if invested with this Society. Interest paid

semi-annually. Let ushave your name and

address and we will tell you of the advan-

tages offered by this Society which has been

doing business for over twenty years.



The Industrial Savings Society,





219 Hammond Bldz" Detroit. Rich.

1. MY WATEBBURY. Pm. AUSTIN N. mums. Secy,





 

 





.p‘





 





SA'flSFACTlON GUARANTEED





 





 





 





 





 





 





W ANTE —-Hn lway Mail Clerks. Carriers

I 11 $11 g?" 11 013mm,“: Fxl.fixi



ti n. can no am no one. 2' o

3311:5133" mo. wme 011mm. 17 a. St. noun.





 





 





 





1





 





1





 





THE MICHIGAN FAIRMER





le'





,1





llllllllllillllllllllllllll:-





fillllllllllll





11! '!!11|Illllllllllllllllllll111111ll11111llllllll1111111111111111111IllllllllllllllIll1|11111111111"11111111111111!”Illllllllllllll111I111|1||llllll1111111I11111111111ll1|Illllllllllllllllllllll11111111I11ll111111111111111|I11lllllllllllllllllllllll





Farm Commerce.





|-1111111111111111|11||111||11111l1111111111Illlll111111|1llllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllllll|Illlllllllllllllllllllll11111111111111”ill1IHlIl”1111111111111Illlllllllllllll|1||1|111111|llllll|11111lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





From the Distributors Point of View.





 





Note. ——-This communication from a

commission man who is acquainted

with Michigan farming conditions, is

tun because in it are suggestions

which, if followed, will aid greatly in

increasing market retains. Although

a defense of the dealer, the article

does not excuse the eiooked ttader

any more than it does the fanner

who packs dishonestly.—~Eds.





HERE is not a shipper, living or

T dead, but who has lost money



on a consignment of produce.

Every shipper is bound to meet with

reverses of some sort sometimes or

another. Some are seemingly more

unfortunate than others, yet each one





must, and does, bow to the fates

sooner or later. And who gets the

blame? Invariably it falls on the





shoulders of the commission man, yet

it is doubtful if there is one in a

hundred farmers who could return a

profit 011 the particular lots of goods

in question. That statement stands

regardless of the fact that there are

dishonest commission men, which

fact cannot be denied. But, eliminat-

ing that feature for the present, there

are other reasons why the farmer

would find himself “up a stump”

when he came to sell his own goods

at a p1ofit.

Real Competition.



If one could be in the throngs that

soothe and surge in and about the

produce. yards of any of the larger

eastern markets, and had nothing to

do but look and listen to the clamor

and bustle that attends the morning

sessions of these places, he would at

least get an idea of the magnitude of

the business transacted and the great

quantities of produce that arrive daily

front the producing areas of the

world to be. distributed in various

ways to the consuming public. But

he would also get an idea of the

Eamount and quality of competition

with which every consignment meets,

and 110w the success 01 failure of the

consignment depends, not so much on

the ability of the salesman to sell, as

on the quality of the goods them-

selves. This places the responsibility

upon the railroads and the farmers.

or shippers, and more often, nowa-

days, the former can prove an alibi.



A Market Center.



Take a general survey of the con-

ditions in the third largest distribut-

ing Center in this country—Pitts-

burgh. Here one finds the mostideal

arrangement of all. for the produce

section of the city is concentrated in





one place, covering an area of ap-

proximately twelve city blocks of

commission, wholesale and jobbing





houses, besides the produce yards of

the Pennsylvania Lines and the B. &

0., which are adjacent and comprise

together about six miles of tracks,

which are open to free competition in

buying and selling—and where annu-

ally more than 60,000 cars of pro-

duce, fruits and vegetables, are hand-

led, aggregating considerably more

than thirty millions of dollars in val-

ue. Here is the source from which

the thousands of mouths in, and for

hundreds of miles about Greater

Pittsburgh, are fed. There is no oth-

er source. Ten millions of people are

dependent upon this market for their

three meals a. day.



Here it is that the distributors,

(hucksters, peddlers and grocers, as

well as wholesalers and jobbers), vie

with each other and with the sellers

for the best prices and the best

goods. Here you find, each morning,

a seething, conglomerate, cosmopoli-

tan mass of humanity in a nearly wild

rush and mad endeavor to stretch a

dollar around the biggest possible

amount of produce, Who know the





o





difference between “best” and “good,"

and who know they know. One could

as easily convince one of them that

white is black as to fool them on

comparative values.



Classes of Buyers.





Every population is made up of

three classes of people, namely: those

who demand and will have nothing

but the best, regardless of price;

those who cannot affoxd to pay fancy

prices, in fact, seek the lowest prices

regardless of quality; and between

the two extremes are the masses to

whom quality and quantity are equal-

ly important, and who, because they

keep constant tab on these two com-

mercial factors, and because they

comprise the vast majority, set the

standard of comparative values and

keep them at the minimum. To this

class and to the well-to-do, is scien-

tific agriculture indebted. To them

is due the credit for the work done in

improving crops and the growing of

improved sorts because they demand

and are willing to pay for the better





quality goods and thereby make that





type of farming practlcame. Any type

of farmer, anywhere, can raise the

kind of produce the poorer classes

can afford to buy, but it requires real

farmer brains and enterprise to sup-

ply a market catering to a discrimi-

nating trade.





We find these types of farmers in

all communities, and Michigan is no

exception. And it is true that the

honest and the reputable must suffer

from the- sins of the dishonest and

the shortcomings of the ignorant.

The latter cause buyers to be skep-

tical at all times. Men with optomis-

tic tendencies are forced to question





 





1 APRIL 25, 1914.:





and doubt when they find so many

examples of dishonesty.

Difficultleo Encountered.



To illustrate what the commission

men must contend with, take pota‘

toes. The ideal carload of potatoes

would be composed of specimens of

the medium size, about like a man’s

closed. hand; of a bright yellow-

brown color, not black nor dulled with

adhering dirt or water stains. They

would be ripe and sound and clean

and run 60 pounds to the bushel. The

last point can stand a lot of empha-

sis. Lastly, they should be loaded in

cleaned cars having good fiooxs for

scooping. This would be a truly se—

lect shipment. I have seen ears that

wete loaded to, and approached very

near, that standard, and from Michi-

gan, but they are rare, very, very

rare. Most often one will find “field-

run” stock, little, good, bad, sound,

rotten, clean, dirty, long, round, white,

black, red, dirt, sticks and stones in-

cluded—veritable junk.



What difference does it make?

from five or six cents, or more, a

bushel. Does that fact impress you?

If not, bring a car of your “field-run”

to market yourself, have it placed

where you will in the yards, open its

doors to the buyers, and prepare to

get sick. You can stand forhours

every day for a week, in all kinds of

weather, vainly imploring someone to

look at your stuff, once they know it

is Michigan “field-run.”



Good Michigan potatoes are in de-

mand because of their culinary and

keeping qualities and freedom from

grubs and excess water; but people

do not and will not pay good money

for potatoes that are half hole (in the

center), or half skin (the marbles),

or half rotten, or frozen. Enough

cars of good stock from Michigan are

marketed to demonstrate the fact

that she can produce the good goods.

It is simply up to the farmers, them-

selves, to go after the additional five

or more cents a, bushel for their

stock.



L. C. CAREY.





1111111111111111111111111111111111111111(“111111111111111|||1111|1111|1|||11|11|||1|1|||||1111|||111|11111111111111111l1|||11111111111111111111111111111111111|11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

Co-operatton Progressmg in Michigan.





ICHIGAN farmers are certainly



getting together. Co-operation



is spreading throughout the

state. It has been a long time com-

ing. Back in 1865 Volinia township

farmers, in Cass county, formed a

club, and this was one of the pioneer

organizations, if not the first club of

the kind in the state. These Cass

farmers discussed farm topics after

the manner of our present-day insti-

tutes. Late in May they held a sheep-

shearing festival, followed in July

with a test of haying and harvesting

implements, and in October a town

fair was held.



Some idea of what Michigan is do-

ing at the present time along co-op-

erative lines may be gathered from

these items. The Michigan State Po-

tato Association has been formed.

with C. \V. VVaid, of East Lansing, as

secretary, the purpose being to raise

more and better potatoes, fewer stan—

datd varieties for seed and table pur-

poses, and to grade them better



The Northern District Apple Assb—

ciation has been formed, with Perry

F. Powers, of Cadillac, as secretary,

the idea being to make Wexford and

adjoining counties the center of a

great apple producing section.



The American Growers’ League,

composed of growers of the Concord

grape in Michigan and other states,

was formed recently at St. Joseph,

with Hale Tennant of that city as

secretary. The organization will fol-

low patterns set by citrus growers

and others of the west in the grad-

ing, packing and marketing of fruit.



Branch county farmers met recent-

ly at Goldwater and formed an organ-

ization of 65 members to fight hog

cholera.





Jackson county farmers have per-

fected a strong club, the purpose be-

ing “to develop the agricultutal re-

soutces and to piomote the best so-

cial, educational and industrial inter-

ests of the county, and to guarantee

to every individual member of the

club the same encouragement and

protection as is 110w extended to the

business interests of the city through

its commercial organization.” Clar-

ence Reed, of Spring Arbor, is pres-

ident and Dr. C. G. Parnall, of Black-

man township, is secretary.



A farmers‘ cooperative elevator

company has been formed at Caro,

with Roscoe Bladk as secretary.



Manistee county farmers will co-

operate in an agricultural campaign

to be conducted there, with the aid of

state agricultural college speakers,

May 5-7. Similar campaigns will be

conducted later in Mason, Wexford

and other counties.



St. Clair county has an active pota-

to grOWers’ association and standard

types of seed, an early and a.late va—

riety, have been selected for planting.

St. Clair is well adapted for potatoes

and by growing a large quantity of a

standard type buyers will be attract-

ed there. The association will adopt

grading methods and inspection and

a certificate of purity will go with

each car placed 011 the market.



Houghton county has a live wire in

Leo M. Geismar as head of its farm,

bureau. This association has 146

active members. while the county po-

tato growers' association has 39 mem-

bers.



The Wolverine Farmers’ Co-opera-

tive Club has been formed in Che-

boygan county and has been buying

hay in large quantifies at advantag-





 





...,. -- ‘_. -am
APRIL 26, 1914. '





eous prices for all of the members.



The South Haven Friut Exchange

is a year old, with debts paid and as-

sets sufficient to make the stock

worth 50 per cent more than the

members paid in last year. New

members have applied, which Will

swell the roll over one-third, or to

the limit fixed by the by-laws. The

Exchange has bought the packing

house which was under lease last

year, and will build an addition 40x

100 feet. Operations are not coflnned

to the marketing of fruit, but include

carload purchases of fertilizers, spray

stuff, etc. Otto Kelder is manager.



The Menominee River Potato Grow-

ers’ Association has been formed.

with 30 charter members, made up of

farmers along both the Wisconsin

and Michigan sides of the river. A.

Cretten, of Niagara, Wis., is secre-

tary and an effort will be made to

improve the grade and to grow the

same varieties so that joint ship-

ments may be made to market cen-

ters. ‘



Washtenaw farmers will co-operate

in an alfalfa campaign to be conduct-

ed in that county June 9-13.



The Fremont Co-operative Produce

Company has engaged M. D. VanBus-

kirk, a large grower of grapes at

Paw Paw, as manager this year.



An alfalfa club has been formed in

Hazelton township, Shiawassee coun-

ty, with Thomas McGraw as secre-

tary.



A co-operative association is being

formed in Iron county to promote

dairying and the feeding of beef cat-

tle. In addition to the purchase of

pure—bred dairy cows, beef cattle will

be secured, to be pastured during the

summer and butchered for the local

markets in the fall.



Successful co-operative associations

are at work at Northville, Fennville

and many other places throughout

the state, and we have said nothing

of the splendid work of the federal

farm management service through

its field men and experts, which is

co-operative .work of the best type.

The movement has great promise for

the farmers and for all concerned.





IIllIlllIIll|HIlllllilllIllilililllllllllllillilll!iHillllllIIllllllllllllllilliillillli|IllillllllIlllIllllllllllilllillillllll





Crop and ‘Market Notes.





i

i

l

\

i

i

3





Michigan.



Washtenaw Co.-——While the weath-

er so far in April has been cold and

backward, little damage has been

done to wheat and meadows, and

prospects for a full crop of grain and

hay are very bright. The cold has

kept the fruit buds back, and pros-

pects are very good in that direction.

The oat crop promises to be late in

getting into the ground. As yet the

sugar season has been a poor one,

but usually the poorer the sugar year

the better the crop year. Farmers

are largely engaged in supplying the

Detroit milk companies, and most 0

the crops are marketed through the

cows. A cut of 50c per cwt, has been

made in the price of milk. There is

quite a demand for hay at $_11@12

per ton in the barn. Butter is 100

per pound lower than a year ago.



Ottawa Co.——April so far has been

cold, and we have had several hard

frosts, which seem to have affected

the wheat. It is reported that fruit

buds, especially the peach buds, are

badly injured. There will be a slight

increase in the acreage of corn and

beans. Many new silos will be erect-

ed this season. The price of cows

still continues high, but the horse

market is dull, as there seems to be

more for sale than usual. Quite a

large amount of money has been rais-

ed for good roads.



Saginaw Co.-—-Cold weather still

prevails with freezing nights, so that

it is impossible to start any spring

work. Wheat is apparently in good

condition. The outlook is good for a

larger acreage and better quality of

corn. More silos are being built. The

sugar beet crop will probably be

short. Pork, dressed 11c; butter-fat

25c at creamery. The demand for

milch cows is good, but horses are

slightly lower.



Sanilac Co.—-Cold weather prevail-

ed the first part of April, but the past

few days have been springlike. Wheat

and meadows‘ have suffered some, but

will soon brighten up when the

weather becomes warmer. The large

. acreage plowed last fall will be seed-

ed to is





barley lithe, 8 ring is

“firm“ are; makhg use





 





 





'THET MICHI





of the King drag and grader on the

highway and there is much improve-

ment. fieans $1.75; potatoes 55c;

butter-fat 24c. -



Arenac Co.——-April has been stormy

and cold. Roads are in terrible con-





dition, and very little is being mar-

keted. New seeding and fall grain

looks good, considering the dryness





There will be the usual

ain sown this spring.

ther grain prices





last year.

amount of gr

Beans bring $1.70; 0

are unchanged. Stock is looking fine.



Berrlen Co.—We are having back-

ward spring, with much cold and

freezing weather. Farmers report that

the fly has damaged the wheat fields

badly. Seeding was lost for many, so

they will sow oats for hay. The

ground is too heavy yet to plow, as

we have had a great deal of rain, and

roads are very mu . The apple

and cherry buds are all right, but

peaches are not so promising. he

hired help question is one of great

cut, as good relia-

or too high priced.

’otatoes are worth 50c from buyers,

and many are going to market. The

spring crop of pigs is fine. Horses

$150@250; cows $60@100; brood sows

$30@50; corn 60@650;





hogs $8.50;

butter and eggs are low. Fat hogs





are all shipped out.



.Delta Co.——Have had cold weather

and it will be two weeks before any

seeding can be done. All winter grain

has come through in good shape, and

meadows are in good condition. The

farmers are busy hauling out manure

and getting ready for spring work. A

few silos will be built here this sum-

mer. There are still plenty of pota-

toes and hay in farmers’ hands. Po-

tatoes are selling for 50@600 per bu.;

hay $13.50@15 per ton; oats 450;

eggs 20@25c; butter 30c.



Mecosta Co.—Stock of all kinds are

looking better than common. Young

pigs are quite plentiful for the time

of year. Stock generally is rather

scarce. Winter grains apparently

came through in good condition, but

the recent cold weather is not favor-

able for wheat. Peaches and apricots





importance at pres

ble help is scarce,





have suffered from their late fall

growth. Veal calves 7c; butter 19c;

eggs 160.





New York.





Niagara Co.——Roads are improving.

The weather continues cold, and the

fruit buds, particularly peach buds,

appear to be killed. Meadows and

winter grains are in fine shape, and

spring work is opening up slowly. As

yet spraying is all that has been done

on farms, but we are hoping for

warmer meather. Beans $1.75 oats

dlings $1.75 per cwt; eggs 190: but-

ter 200; hens are in good demand at

480: com 90c: cloverseed $10; mid-

$1.25 each.



New Jersey.



Monmouth Co.——VVe are having a

very backward spring and work is

not as far advanced as usual. There

will be but very little change in the

acreage of different crops. Meadows

and winter grains look well. Only a

small percentage of fruit buds were

killed. There is very little produce

being marketed.





Pennsylvania.



Lancaster Co.——Meadows are in ex-

cellent condition, and give promise of

a _good hay crop. Wheat is our only

Winter grain, and it has come through

the winter remarkably well. Hay is

being marketed, No. 1 timothy bring-

ing $15; corn $1 per bbl; eggs 19c;

chickens 160; butter 300. Some to-

bacco being sold. A smaller acreage

than usual will be put in this year,

and a large acreage of potatoes. The

egg production is rather above the

average, and the price is lower.



Perry Co.~—Wheat and grass look

fine. Farmers are about three weeks

late with spring work, as a week ago

the ground was frozen too hard to

plow. Fruit buds do not seem to be

hurt. There is no demand for horses,

while hogs and cattle are high in

price. Potatoes are being shipped

here from Michigan and New York at

$1.10 per bushel. Cloverseed 15c per

pound; eggs 1606hbutter 24c.





Io. .

Ashtabula Co.——The weather has

been cold, and spring‘work is back-

ward. No plowing has been done yet.

About the usual acreage of oats will

be sown. Feed is getting scarce. But-

ter 20c; eggs 17c; hogs, live $8.50;

veal 9c. Sugar making is practically

over, sugar 120 per lb; syrup $1.15

per gallon.



Brown Co.—There have been a. few

weeks of wet weather, and as the

ground is too wet to work, farmers

are employed spraying fruit trees,

building fences and hauling manure.

Fruit has not been hurt yet. Pas-

tures and meadows, also wheat and

rye, are looking well. There have

been no oats sown yet. Corn will be

the main crop, and some tobacco and

gotatoes will be planted. -Hay $18@

0 per ton; corn 75@800; potatoes

90c@$1 per bu; dairy cattle $50@75;

horses $150@'175; butter 18c; eggs





150 per dozen. ,

(Continued on page 482).





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The obligations placed upon any automo-

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30 x 3 $11.70 $12.65 $2.80

30 x 31:. 15.75 17.00 3.50

32 x 3‘.’_» 16.75 18.10 3.70

33 x 4 23.55 25.25 4.75

34 x 4 24.35 26.05 4.90

34 x 4% 33.00 35.00 6.15

35 x 4% 34.00 36.05 6.30

36 x 4%; 35.00 37.10 6.45

37 x 5 41.95 44.45 7.70

#38 x 5% 54.00 57.30 8.35





 





 





FREE—Send. for booklet. “Rules of the Road." and other val- TI:

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Natural asphalt is the life of roo





And roofing must have life to withstand the weather.

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Philadelphia





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... ‘. .‘v. rae-z. .. w .Q'.x





,THE MICHIGAN AF‘AR‘MER





 





,./





‘IAPRIL 25, 1914... .





 





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s s

Markets.

E . . E

EIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllIlllllll||I|IIIIIIIIIIlllIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIflllllllllllflfi





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





April 21, 1914.

Wheat—This market has been eas-

ier the past week. There is a fair

amount of export buying, but interest

abroad has weakened somewhat by

larger estimates from Russia and

more liberal offerings from Australia

and Manitoba. On the other hand,

Argentine is offering but few car-

goes, however, the grade is slightly

improver over the earlier shipments.

In this country weather conditions

have been favorable and with but few

exceptions of a lack of moisture, the

crop is developing under ideal condi-

tions. One year ago No. 2 red wheat

was quoted at $1.09% per bushel.



Quotations for the past week are:_



No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May.





 





Wednesday ... . .99 98% 99%,

Thursday .... . . . .9814 97% 99

Friday .......... 98% 98 99

Saturday ........ 98 97% 98%

Monday ......... 97% 97% 98

Tuesday ......... 97 % 97 98

Chicago, (April 21).——No. 2 red





wheat 94@950; May 91%0; July 85340

per bushel.



Corn.—The corn trade has weaken-

ed since a week ago. The weakness

is credited to heavy shipments from

Argentine. Statistics show that alit-

tle over 4,000,000 bushels were for-

warded to this country last week from

South America. This is three times

the amount shipped a year ago. One

year ago the price for No. 3 corn was

570 per bushel. Quotations for the

past week are as follows:





No. 2 No. 2



Mixed Yellow.



Wednesday 68% 70%



Thursday ........... 68 % 70%



Friday ............. 68% 70%

Saturday ........... 68 70



Monday ............ 67 % 69 %

Tuesday ............ 67 69



Chicago, (April 21).—No. 2 corn





66%0; May 62%c; July 621/40 per bu.

Oats.—A slightly easier feeling pre-

vails in this department of the grain

market, and local prices are off about

a cent.

farmers in their spring work, and

while oats are in a little late, the es-

timated acreage will approximate the

usual amount. One year ago standard

oats were quoted at 390 per bushel.

Quotations are as follows: 3

No.





Standard. White.

......... 42 41





Wednesday

Thursday ........... 41%, 41

Friday ............. 41% 41

Saturday ........... 41 % 41

Monday ............ 41 40 %

Tuesday ............ 41 40 %

Chicago, (April 21) .——No. 3 white

37%@38%c; standard 38@38%c;





May 36%0; July 365/8c per bushel.



Beans.——Fair demand continues at

steady prices. The local board of

trade quotes immediate and prompt

shipments at $1.98; May $2.02 per bu.

Chicago reports lower prices. Pea

beans, hand-picked, choice, are steady

at $2; common $1.75@1.85; red kid-

neys, choice $3.



Rye.—This cereal is lower. No. 2

is quoted at 66c per bu.



Barley.—~At Chicago barley rules

easy and is quoted at 49@65c per bu.,

while Milwaukee quotes the malting

grades at from 52@65c.



CIoverseed.—Values continue about

steady. Prime spot $7.55 per bu; al-

sike at $9.85. Toledo prime cash is

quoted at 257.52% and prime alsike at

$10 per bushel.



Timothy.—Prime spot is selling at

$2.30 per bu.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





FIour.-——Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs. as follows. Best

patent $5.30; second $5; straight

$4.75; spring patent $5.10; rye flour

$4.40 per bbl.



Feed.——In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $29; coarse middlings $28;

fine middlings $30; cracked corn $30;

coarse corn meal $29; corn and cat

chop $26.50 per ton.



Hay.—Good hay scarce, with prices

higher. Carlots on track at Detroit

are: No. 1 timothy $16@16.50; stan-

dard $15@15.50; No. 2, $13.50@14.50:

light-mixed $15@15.50; No. 1 mixed

$13.50@14.50; N0. 1 clover $12.50@

13.





New York—Prices advanced. No.

1 timothy $22: standard $20.-



Chicago—Prices here rule steady.

Choice timothy is quoted at $186919

per ton; No. 1, $16@17; No.2, $13@

14 per ton.



Straw—Steady. Rye $8@8.50: oat

straw $7@»7.50; wheat straw $7@7.50

per ton. _





DAIRY AND POULTRY Psonucrs.‘





 





Butter.—Market firm with prices

20 lower. Extra creamery 23%c per

lb; firsts 22%c; dairy 17c; packing

stock 140.



Ciiicago.—Market is steady, with

prices 10 lower. Extra creamery 24c:

extra firsts 23@23%c; ants 22c; sec-

onds 18@19%c; packing stock 140

per lb.



Elgin.—Market is firm at 23 %c per

1b., which is 1%c lower than last

week.



New York—The market is steady

with prices unchanged. Creamery ex-

tras 25@25%c; firsts 23%@24%c;

seconds 22@23c; packing stock 15@

16c per lb. '



Eggs.——Market is steady. Prices 10

higher. Current receipts of fresh

stock are quoted at 19c.



Chicago.——A steady feeling exists

with prices about 1A’ic higher. The

home consumptive demand is good;

there is also some buying for storage.

Miscellaneous lots, cases included

16%c@18%c; ordinary firsts 16%@

17%c; firsts 17%@18%c; seconds 15c.



New York.~—-Market barely steady,

With prices %c higher. Fresh gath-

ered extras 21%@22c; extra firsts

20%@21c; firsts 19%@200.



Poultry.—Market is steady and

firm. Prices are slightly lower on

fowls and springs. Live—Springs 18

@190; hens $19@200; turkeys 18@

200; geese 12@13c; ducks 17@18c.



Chicago—The trade is fair, the de-

mand being entirely to supply home

wants. Springs are not quoted but

are classed with old roosters as near-

ly all received are staggy. Prices on

fowls are slightly lower. Quotations

on live are: Turkeys, good weight

160; others 120; fowls, choice 160;

old roosters 12c; geese 120; ducks 16

@18c per lb.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.~—-Demand is fairly good and

prices are unchanged. No. 1 $5.50@

6.50; No. 2, '$4@4.50 per bbl. In Chi-

cago the easy feeling continues. The

warm weather and arrivals of south.

ern fruits and vegetables have detri-

mental effect on the market. Holders

are anxious to sell. Prices are slight-

ly lower. Barrel stock quoted: Spies

$5@6; Baldwins $5.25@5.50; Ben Da-

visO $4@4.75; Golden Russets $4.50@





Favorable weather has aided 5 5





Potatoes.—Market is firm, with

prices slightly higher. Quotations: In

bulk 64@66c per bu; in sacks 68@

700 per bu. for carlots. At Chicago

the market is fairly active with prices

unchanged. Liberal arrivals kept the

buyers from being anxious and pre-

vented a boost in prices. Good Mich-

igan stock 65@70c per bu. New po-

tatoes are arriving in small quantities

and are selling well at $7.50 per bbl.

According to a carefully gathered re-

port, made by the Chicago Packer,

of the amount of old potatoes now on

hand, there are no excessive holdings.

In but few places is there as much

as 25 per cent of the crop left. ’The

reports also show that the larger

share of the crop is held by the grow-

ers who are holding for higher prices.





GRAND RAPIDS.





The egg market continues this week

at 16 %c, eggs being bought freely for

storage purposes now. Dealers are

quoting 17@18c for ‘No. 1 dairy but-

ter. Wheat is up a little, the mills

paying 93c, and other grains are

steady as follows: Corn 650; oats

39c; rye 58c. Apples are quoted lo-

cally at $1.50@2.25 per bu., with the

movement light. Oranges and pine-

apples have a prominent place now

and southern strawberries will soon

be coming this way in carlots.





 





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





This market was small Tuesday

morning. Farmers are busy with

spring work. The few potatoes of-

fered were sold at 85@900 per bushel.

Cabbage ranged from 900@$1.25;

carrots 650; eggs 22@23c; loose hay

is in small supply and prices range

from $15@18, with the majority of

sales near the top figure.





WOOL.





The decreased sales of the past

week at Boston are due to small sup-

plies and the fact that manufacturers

are well stocked up for immediate

needs. Interest, however, is keen, and

prices are strong. There has been

unusually large buying in the terri-

tory districts at prices ruling consid-

erably above last year’s quotations.

The season has not sufficiently ad-

vanced in the fleece states to indicate

what prices will be, however, a ’few

odd sales have been consummated at

28c for XX, some unwashed delaines

at 23%c and a, small lot of Ohio un-

washed combing %-blood at 26c.





 





‘4





THE LIVE srocK MARKETS.





Buffalo. ~

April 20, 1914.

(Special Report of Dunning and Stev-

. ens, New York Central Stock ..

Yards, East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of stock here today as fol-

lows: Cattle 210 cars; hogs 90 d.

d.; sheep and lambs 80 d. d; calves

1800 head.



With 210 cars of cattle on our mar-

ket here today, and 24,000 in Chicago

and reported fully 15c per cwt. lower

there, our market was from 30@600

per cwt. lower, quality considered,

on all cattle weighing from 1200 up,

and at the close of the market there

is at least 75 cars of weighty cattle

of 1200 to 1550 lbs. going over un-

sold. The market was dull and drag-

gy from start to finish and at the

close everybody seemed discouraged

and dissatisfied with results.



We had a strong market on all

grades of hogs today, with a moder-

ate supply, about 90 d. d. all told.

Good grades of hogs sold at $9.25

generally, with a few extreme heav-

ies at $9.15@9.20. Pigsgenerally 9c

per lb; a few underweights from

$8.75@8.90; roughs $8@8.25; stags





 





'$6.50@7.50. Late trade was a little

bitddull, but a fair clearance was

ma e.





The market was active today on

both lambs and sheep. Prices 20c

lower than the close of last week on

lambs; sheep steady. Choice handy

clip lambs selling mostly at $7.50.

We look for steady prices on lambs

last of week; it will depend uponre-

ceipts.



We quote: Wool lambs $8.60@8.75;

choice clip lambs $7.40@7.50; heavy

lambs $6.75@7; cull to fair lambs

$6.50@7.35; yearlings $6@6.75; handy

ewes $5.25@5.50; heavy ewes $5@

5.25; wethers $5.60@5.85; cull sheep

$3.50@4.50; bucks $3.50@4.50; veals.

choice to extra $9.75@10; fair to good

$8.50@9.50; heavy calves $5.50@7.





 





Chicago.

April 20, 1914.





Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.‘





Receipts today..25,000 32,000 22,000

Same day 1913..18,376 41,362 21,455

Last week ..... 40,867 93,972 87,370

Same W’k 1913..49,337 109,122 71,878



Cattle today are much too numer-

ous, and the week begins with a slow

trade, butcher stock selling early 10

@15c lower, while buyers were very

late in purchasing steers, with bids

largely 15@200 lower. Hogs Were

active at steady prices. Hogs mar-

keted last week averaged 232 lbs.

Shippers paid $8.60 once more for

prime wooled lambs, but \the general

sheep and lamb market was slow in

opening, with buyers bidding 10@15c

ower for most offerings.



Cattle, aside from good fat lots.

were largely a dime lOWer on Mon-

day last week, with receipts of only

20,215 head, following the light sup-

plies of the previous week, but prices

were higher on Wednesday on re-

ceipts of 12,147 head. The greater

part of the steers sold last week at

$8@9.10, with common to fair light-

weights going at $7.10@8, a medium

to good class at $8.10@8.60, good to

choice heavy lots of long-fed steers

at $8.65@9.10 and choice to fancy

heavy lots at $9.15@9.55, while year-

lings sold at $7.85@8.60 for common

to good lots. and at $8.65@9.45 for

good to prime lots. There was a

good outlet for butchering cows and

heifers on a basis of $5.30@9, while

cutters went at $4.80@5.25, canners

at $3.50@4.75, and bulls at $5.50@8.

Packers discriminated against the

dairy cows, and on some days agood;

ly portion of the cows came from

Wisconsin dairying districts. Good

heifers were very scarce and came

high. The stocker and feeder traffic

was greatly curtailed in volume by

scant offerings and higher prices.

with sales at $6@8.25 and choice lit-

tle yearlings greatly outselling the

best heavy feeders. Michigan, Wis-

cousin and Ohio buyers wanted con-

siderable numbers of these cattle. but

the demand was mainly from Illinois

and Indiana stockmen. Good to prime

stock steer calves brought $7.50@

$8.25, and sales took place of stock

and feeding cows and heifers at a

range of $5.50@7.25. There was a

good calf trade at $5@10 per 100 lbs

'for rough heavy'to prime light veal--

ers, while milkers and springers went

at $55@85 per head. with dairymen

wanting only good to choice cows

and others going mostly to killers.

Late in the week there were bad

breaks in prices for calves, with the

best going around $8.75@9. Bulls sold

off sharply, but desirable steers sold

higher than a week earlier.



Hogs suffered some sharp declines

in prices last week, the big local





packers combining to break the marv





ket. and in order to bring this about

they refused to purchase from spec-

ulators. Trade was narrow, and even

on days of light receipts a great many





hogs were carried over to the next





day. A feature of the market that \





has attracted much comment is the

recent change from increasing aver-





age weights of the hogs marketed to.





increasing percentages of lighter

weights and a poorer average grade

of_ the offerings. Packers have dis-

criminated against the big heavy

packer hogs, which were generally

rejected from loads and sold on their

merits. Week before last the hogs

received averaged 232 lbs., or four

lbs. less than a fortnight earlier and

13 lbs. less than hogs received ayear

ago. Both receipts and shipments of

hogs from here for the week were

:nlusually smaill, and at the close

a es were ma e at an extreme ran e

of $8.20@8.75, comparing with $8.50g@

8.92% a week earlier. Pigs closed at

$7.25@8.45 and stags at $8.75@9.25.

Hogs sold at the lowest prices of the

month near the close.





Sheep and lambs showed a widen-

ing out tendency in prices because of

the decreasing proportion of prime

flocks offered, and While choice wool-

ed lambs from Colorado advanced to

the highest figures recorded in a long

time, other grades were on the down-

grade. Lambs from Colorado and fed

western lambsmade a large share of

the daily offerings, and clipped flocks

came forward in larger numbers and

sold at a big discount from prices

paid for unshorn stock. As usual,

nowhere near enough shearing and

gliding latmgs were offered to meet



urgen emand. Three decks



fancy 166-lb. Wisconsin-fed woolgd

wethers sold at $7.20, an outside

price. Closmg prices for unshorn

stock were: Lambs $6.50@8.60; year-

lings $7@7.50; wethers $6@7.20; ewes

$4.25@6.75; bucks $.5.50@6. Shorn

lambs brought $5.50@7.30. The Mon-

day market was higher on too small

(ligémlilngs‘, tshfila run aggregating but 17,-

. cad. earing and fe i



brought $6.65@7.35. ed ng lambs





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





(Continued from page 481 .

Carroll Co._—The weather is) very

bad for the time of year, being cold

With~ some rain and snow, which is

holding back all spring work, and the

3133‘st are1 veil‘)y niiaddy. Very little

ing as een one .

and rye look good. yet Wheat

Greene Co.~April has been a back-





ward month and farmers are behind.





with their spring work. Oat sowi

has Just begun, and there will hen:

smaller. acreage than usual. Wheat

is looking fine, also clover and tim-

othy meadows are in good condition.

Fruit buds are in good shape and

promise a full crop. Prices are steady

in the grain market, but butter—fat

has fallen to 26%0 and eggs to 150.

Madison Co.—No spring plowing or

other crop preparations have been

made on_account of the cold weather

so far this month. The fat sheep are

now being shorn, and buyers are bid-

ding on wool. The price of wool is

200, With prospects of a higher price

later. Cattle are very high; hogs

$8.75; sheep $4@6; lambs $6@6.50;

wheat 94c; oats 40c; corn 580; eggs

are lower than for some time, being

150 per dozen; butter 250; cream 270.





Indiana.





Tippicanoe Co.—The late warm

rains have helped the wheat and

grasses. Everything is turning green





and the peach blossoms are begin-

ning to appear. Recent frosts have

done conSiderable injury to the peach

blossoms. No corn has been planted

yet, in fact, the fields have been too

wet to plow. Not very many acres of

oats were sown. Horses are in good

demand on account of the wet weath-

er putting the farmers back in their

work. A great amount of corn will

be planted if the ground can be pre-

pared in time. Eggs 180; butter 23c;

l$218rd0@1)18@§%20;hsteers $7.50@8; hogs



. . ; s ee 4.50 . ' ' -



othy $15@16. D $ @550’ nm

. Illinois.



Marion Co.—April has been rather

cold, With heavy frosts on the 7th,

8th and 9th. The peaches and pears

are damaged some, but not all killed.

Apples are not injured by the frosts,

but there will be scarcely any apples

here this year, as the trees'are very

shy of fruit buds. The old meadows

are only fair, but the new seeding is

fine. Wheat never looked much bet-

ter at this time of the year. There

has been no oats sown yet.



. Colorado.



Kit Carson Co.—The weather is

fine, and the ground is in fine shape

for spring work; nearly everyone is

in the field. Grass is starting nicely.

Winter grain was damaged some by

a freeze in March. A large acreage

will be put in corn and spring wheat.

There is not much produce being

marketed excepting eggs and cream.

Eggs 14c: cream 21c;' cern 80c:

wheat 85c: barley 85c; oats 65c; mile

lseltsoseed 75célyggffir 31.50; maize



. ; cane ,. : see cor . :

hogs 80. , n $15





‘4..‘





 





 





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..Q‘





APRILas. 1:914. '





THIS-fis- THE LAsT somou. ‘

The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

gon will be sent on request at any

me.





DETROIT LIVE. STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday's Market.

April 23, 1914.

Cattle.



Receipts 1356. Market steady with

Wednesday; cow stuff steady with

last week; all others 10@15c lower.



We quote: Extra dry-fed steers and

heifers $8; steers and heifers, 1000 to

1200, $7.40@7.65; do 800 to 1000, $7.25

@760; do that are fat, 500 to 700,

$6.50@7.25; choice fat cows'$6@6.50;

good do $5.50@5.75; common do $5@

5.25; canners $3@4.25; choice heavy

bulls $6.75@7; .fair to good bolognas,

bulls $6@6.25;

6.50; choice feeding steers, 800 to

1000, $6.85@7.40;' fair do $6.60@6.90;

choice stockers 500 to 700, $6.50@

6.75; fair do $6@6.25; stock heifers

$5.50@6; milkers, large, young, me-

dium age $65@75; common milkers,

$40@55.



Spicer & R. sold Newton B. Co. 2

butchers av 845 at $6, 2 steers av 1085

at $7.50, 1 cow wgh 1170 at $6.50, 17

steers av 1275 at $8, 12 do av 1182 at

$7.75; to Bresnahan 1 cow wgh 1070

at $5.50 ; to Sullivan P. Co. 24 steers

av 951 at $7.55, 1 bull wgh 1620 at

$6.50, 5 steers av 974 at $7.25; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 18 do av 887 at

$7.50. 6 do av 980 at $7.50, 4 do av

842 at $7.50, 1 cow wgh 1120 at $6.25,

1 bull wgh 1320 at $6.50, 6 cows av

998 at $5.75, 1 steer wgh 1150 at $8,

10 do av 740 at $7.25; to Converse 2

cows av 1005 at $5.50; to Bresnahan

7 do av 820 at $5.40, 2 steers av 610

at $7, 8 do av 720 at $7; to Kamman

B._Co. 3 butchers av 1057 at $6.75, 1

heifer wgh 760 at $6.75; to Apple-

baum 2 bulls av 1245 at $6.60, 1 do

wgh 1000 at $6.60; to Rattkowsky 5

cows av 1120 at $6.35; to Home 2 do

av 920 at $5.65, 3 do av 727 at $5.75;

to Hirschleman 3 steers av 693 at $7,

11 do av 803 at $7.30; to Livernoise

22 feeders av 860 at $7.40.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Bresnahan 3

COWS av 833 at $5.50, 1 do wgh 790

at $5.50, 3 stockers av 570 at $6.60;

to Newton B. Co. 4 cows av 935 at

$6.25, 5 steers av 754 at $7.25, 4 do

av 830 at $7.10, 1 cow wgh 950 at

$5.50, 2 do av 1050 at $5.50, 5 steers





 





 





av 926 at $7.35, 1 bull wgh 1230 at





$6.75, 19 steers av 1060 at $7.35; to

Michelson & S. 2 cows av 1000 at

$5.25; to Sullivan P. Go. 14 butchers

av 1071 at $6.50, 12 steers av 870 at

$7.40. 6 cows av 958 at $6, 1 steer

wgh 1480 at $8, 1 bull wgh 1200 at

$6.50, 8 steers av 815 at $7.25, 5 cows

av 1098 at $6.25; to Kull 3 butchers

av 607 at $6, 4 steers av 875 at $7, 1

bull wgh 1130 at $6.50, 15 steers av

886 at $7.60; to Thompson Bros. 21

do av 980 at $7.65; to Home 3 cows

av 920 at $5.25, 2 do av 820 at $5.50,

2 do av 865 at $5.50; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 20 steers av 1135 at $8, 10 do

av 952 at $7.50; to Parker, W. & Co.





- 15 do av 828 at $7.35. 17 do av 888 at





$7.50; to Ratner 4 butchers av 892 at

$7, 1 steer wgh 1200 at $7.20; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 12 do av 800 at $7.50, 5

do av 826 at $7.25, 3 cows av 1237 at

$6.50, 11 do av 866 at $6, 11 steers av

862 at $7.35; to Kull 20 do av 1012

at $7.70.



Haley & M. sold Costello 7 steers

av 804 at $7.10, 1 cow wgh 1030 at

$6.25; to Kamman B. Co. 3 steers av

970 at $7.40, 17 do av 1750 at $7.60;

to Home 4 cows try 815 at $5.50; to

Newton B. Co. 1 bull wgh 1500 at

$6.75, 2 cows av 1090 at $6, 2 do av

1190 at $6, 1 bull wgh 1750 at $6.75;

to Hammond, S. & Co. 17 steers av

909 at $7.45; to Bresnahan 18 butch;-

ers av 514 at $6.65; to Home 1 cow

wgh 800 at $5.50; to Kamman B. Co.

2 steers av 730 at $6.75; to Thompson

Bros. 8 steers av 1007 at $7.75, 1 bull

wgh 1050 at $6; to Newton B. Co. 2

do av 1165 at $6.50; to Ratkowsky 1

cow wgh 1070 at $5.75; to Horne 2

cows av 995 at $5.50; to Fritchey 18

feeders av 900 at $7.40, 3 do av 725 at

$7.15, 6 stockers av 680 at $7.10; to

Mich. B. Co. 3 steers av 1030 at $7.50;

to Newton B. Co. 3 cows av 833 at

$6.25, 7 steers av 857 at $7.25, 4 do

av 602 at $6.50; to Kamman B. Co. 1

cow wgh 1150 at $6.15, 4 steers av

762 at $7.40, 1 cow wgh 930 at $5.75;

to Thompson Bros.. 3 butchers av 970

at $6.55, 3 bulls av 1347 at $6.55.



Veal Cales.



Receipts 844. Market steady. Best

$8.50@9; others $6@8.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond S.

& Co. 10 av 149 at $9, 5 av 130 at

$8.50, 3 av 120 at $7.50, 16 av 140 at

$8.75, 15 av 150 at $8.75; to Ratner

3 av 130 at $8.50; to Sullivan P. Co.

3 av 155 at $9, 3 av 140 at $9, 2 av

100 at $8, 16 av 160 at $9; to Ratt-

kowsky 13 av 130 at $8.50, 3 av 120 at

$9; to Goose 18 av 145 at $8.65; to

Goose 14 av 130 at $8.25, 10 av 140 at

$8.50, 15 av 150 at $8.65, 2 av 185 at

$9. 3 av 155 at $8.50; to Thompson





stock bulls $5.50@ '





A number





 

 





':.r . 7,7,

l" ‘r‘ '1...





av 145 at $8.50. 19 av 130 at $9; to‘

Mich. B. Co. 33 av 140 at $8.50, 44 av

130 at $9; to Sullivan P. Co. 57 av

140 at $8.50, 2 av 125 at $9; to Park-

er, W. & Co. 8 av 125 at $9, 8 av 140

at $8.50; to Burnstine 12 av 145 at

$8.50, 12 av 130 at $9; to Clarke 7 av

115 at $8.50.

Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 2314. Market steady. Best

wool lambs $8@8.15; fair do $7.50@8;

light to common lambs $6.50@7.25;

yearlings $7.25; fair to good sheep

$5.50@5.75; culls and common $4.50

@5; clip sheep $4.50@5; clip lambs

$6.50@7.



Spicer & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 23

sheep av 95 at $5.15, 77 lambs av 70

at $6.75, 43 do av 53 at $5.50; to

Kull 18 clip lambs av 70 at $6.75.



Haley & M. sold Nagle P. Co. 87

clip lambs av 80 at $6.55, 20 yearlings

a‘v 115 at $6.25, 7 sheep av 135 at $5;

to Hayes 14 lambs av 75 at $8, 30 do

av 70 at $6.75.



Sandal] sold Kull 44 clip lambs av

50 at $6.40.



Roe Com. Co. sold Barlage 94 clip

lambs av 75 at $7.10. ‘



Hogs.



Receipts 6170. one sold up to

noon; prospects 100 higher. Pigs

$8.60@8.65; others $8.65@8.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S.

& Co. 510 av 200 at $8.75, 1500 av

180 at $8.70.



Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co.

150 av 190 at $8.75.



Haley & M. sold same 300 av 190

at $8.75, 80 av 165 at $8.70.



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.

150 av 200 at $8.70.





 





Friday's Market.

April 17, 1914.

Cattle.



Receipts this week 1957; last week

1297; market dull and 10@15c lower.

Best dry-fed steers and heifers $8;

steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1200,

$7.50@7.75; steers and heifers, 800 to

1,000, $7@7.2‘5; do that are fat, 500 to

700, $6.50@7; choice fat cows, $6@

6.25; good do $5.25@5.75; common

cows $4.50@5; canners $3.25@4.25;

choice heavy bulls, $6.75@7; fair to

good bologna bulls $6.25@6.50; stock

bulls $5.50@6; choice feeding steers,

800 to 1000, $6.75@7.25; fair do $6.50

@675; choice stockers, 500 to 700,

$6.50@7; fair do $6@6.25; stock heif-

ers $5@6.25; milkers, large, young,

medium age $65@90; common milk-

ers $45@55.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week 4483; last week

4127; market steady. Best. lambs

$8.15; fair lambs $7.50@7.75; light to

common lambs $6.50@7.25; yearlings

$7.25; fair to good sheep $5.25@5.50;_

culls and common $4@5.



Hogs.



Receipts this week 10,656; last

week 9040; market 5@100 lower. Pigs

$8.50; others $8.60@8.65 at close.





OFFICIAL SEED ANALYSIS AT

STATE LABORATORY.





 





In view of the fact that unauthoriz-

ed articles have appeared in a num—

ber of papers throughout the state,

which would give the idea that the

Seed Laboratory of the State Board

of Agriculture is no longer making

seed analyses, and which would lead

one to believe that the Seed Law is

not to be enforced, it is perhaps well

to, publish an oificial statement of the

matter.



Seed analysis is continuing as be—

fore. It is very true that, owing to

the fact that the appropriation made

for carrying on this work was not

large enough to provide for neces-

sary apparatus and sufficient help at

the same time, the work has been

unavoidably delayed. At the present

time the reports are being sent out

much faster than the samples are

coming in, so that the Seed Labora-

tory hopes, from now on, to send re-

ports out in time‘ to be used.



ERNST A. BESSEY, .

In charge of Seed Laboratory, East



Lansing, Mich.





Horses were in ample supply and

in good local and shipping demand

last week, especially during the first

three days, with prices ruling un-

changed in most cases. Farm geld-

ings sold mainly at $1_40@185 per

head, a few selling as low as $125,

while most of the farm mares

brought $185@225. Light drafters

sold at $225 and upward with a

choice class of heavier weights taken

on the basis of $275@350, but not

many sold as high as $300. Inferior

horses were slow at $50@100, with

drivers salable around $100@200. Re-

ceipts for the first quarter of the year

aggregated 31,899'head, and of this

shippers purchased 27,986

head.





SOY BEANS—fifl'fn’f'h.£”mii.€lz





' , seed. 50 bushel.

""5373. d‘tiishnhm . 'fi'nunemumo‘iil'un.





 





, TM M M M. Mi





Bros. 34 av 140 at $8; to McGuire 8'





 





“No 8171 Too Steep.

No Sand Too Deep”





~. r,

5





 





 





 





 





 





 





V .3

Z 7 fig

. If /:

SILENCE ‘ I

The True Indication of Mec anical

Perfection





FOR quiet running



we would be glad

to have you compare

the Jackson-with the

hzghest przced cars.

You can hear it runs

ning if you listen, but

it is just that sweet pm

that you get from the finest cars ever built.



Jackson silence is valuable not only because of the freedom from

noise annoyance. The silent operation of thecar tells the complete

story of smooth bearings, of perfect balance in movmg parts. of a.

positive lubricating system, of expert workmanship and ofexcellence

in design that twelve years’ experience has brought to its present

perfection. Quiet running and beauty of finish are distinguishing

features of each of the three Splendid Jackson models.





Olympic "Forty" Snltam'c "Six”





- 2150. Six cylinder.



$1385. Four cylinder 3 _



long stroke motor. I“; long stroke motor, 45 :nfi32::hmfilfélsfue_



H. P. 115-inch wheel H. P. 124-inch wheel Electric cranking. fight.



hue. Electric cranking. bane. Electric cranking. in: and horn. Luann”



Woodhull. lighting and horn. Mini wheel but. $2300

Demonstrations on Request





ACKSON AUTOMOBILE CO..

oodward Ave. Detroit, Mich.





JACKSON AUTOMOBILE CO., 1508 Main St, JACKSON, MICHIGAN.





IllIll"lllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli!IIIHlltlllliIll|ulllllllllllllll‘WHll in





 





-u..uuMflE-mmmI”unfil-Ii:mlmlmullulifi?nu”Tuunn-mIIm—fimuIIuInnIll.3mil“nImu:nmnurimifnilfi.‘





"No Hid Too Steep,

No Sand Too Deep'





 





Maia-tic "Big Four”

$1885. Four cylinder.





i[Inxmufilm"ufilnunlluuuuIlmlmmvInIunrmmminfiruumnmuunull!Hlllmuuulih{um-Iunminnow-mmrI:mnmmunmum .





978





Ml!|[lllllllllllIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllll"Illllll<l_l.ll|lllllllllllll_lllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllglllllllllllAllllllllll'HUM“"lvlljl'lllll}"'“llllllll||H_|_il|lllllllllllllllllllllll





illl‘iHHLilliililglllillLllIlilllllJfllfllllllllilll H”Kill-(fill.IlllllllI!!!lll4lllNH”I!”HlllllIllllIlyllmfillllfillllllllllHllllllllllrljlll—ul—lllliflllw\





 





 





 





   





'6‘." Hard Daily Service on Any lload





The Power, Speed and Endurance 01th.

EXCELSIOR AUTOCYCLE ”m ”m PW“ Wm





question. »



I y is assured by the EXCELSIOR GRIP

The R'ders safety CONTROL which gives absolute control

of the_Speed., Stopping, Starting and Brakes without removing the hands from

the grips or in any way interfering with the steering.





Comfort

of operation and maintenance is the natural result of the

Economy Best of materials and perfect workmanship at every point.





The EXOELSIOR AUTOGYCLE has been on the road for seven years and

has ALWAYS MADE GOOD.





Seven Models for 1914. all described in our hammely illustrated catalog.

Write for it today or see the nearest dealer.





Excusron moron 15.19. 2215 on... St.





‘ . .. CHICAGO

-.\\





C0 ’

‘/ éfw—x'l

. [I

.,— 7 \ "//\





is assured by the Kushion Kumfort Seat, Folding Foot Rests,

Low center of Gravity and Perfect Balance.





 





   





”RESSED "068 These are our specialties





just now. Our25 years’

experience has taught us

DRESSEn VEAI‘ how to sell them for you





to b t d ta . 0

HUI-TRY reputation ff):- ahgdgst gdealiill;





Ship your Hay in Pittsburgh amm

Daniel Mcflallny Son: Company

Plttsburch. Pa.



Ref.—any bank or lei-canals Agency



and quicg returns is assured by W l i m

warn TODAY FARMERs—M: sari! sass carer“:

' laid nhipped direct tons by express. Write us

9M8. w. Rudd & Son, ”08'0“, Mich. forci egg-aunties. It will pay you. Ameflmt‘nfi‘t’p:

, we .





n

8 h 00.. 31-33 Grllwold 8%.. Detrol

—~S all i

EGGS, lite. dug... gpfiegmfiomgg

Wholesale Commission House.





attractive prices. Returns day of arrival’. .

Refer to Dun or Bradstreet. Eng 3,l:lll.f‘c.u. Detroit. Want your apples.

Nahum-Inna... 855-59 Greenwich St. New York, in. potatoes. poultry and rabbits Qulol‘ mm“-
LITHE‘LM’I’CHIHGAN’. F‘ARMER“





   





",APRILVVZB, 191.4. 3'





 





.55 Still Buys

World's Champion





140-Egglncuhator





t l‘1.)ouble caseslfall ovelr t:1i3est

copper on nursery se - a n



Best bio-chick hot :water greed eg,

84 Ordered together $11.50.

got his (1:. ol hackle-l. No ma-





 





F

chines at any price





I



City or Racine

are better. Satisfaction gm"... ' .

toad. Write for book today or





 





Bend price now and save e.

Jim Rohnn Pres

on.“ our Iuéusa'ron co.

Box 14





 





I... “I'D

Pun-Ind

Chickens. Ducks.





. 55 BNEEIIS .......





“lo Incubators. Supplies and Collie

Dogs. Send (0 for large foultry book

. :ncubator Catalog and Price List.



IIIJI. HINIKER. Box as Monk-to. MIMI.





 





 





 





POULTRY .





 





‘ —the greatest winter liners known and will

"conds produces gs on less feed than other breeds.

MINNI 1613 ALGE Arlington. R. R 14 Ohio





Cat. free.

15 for $1. 50.





lion Comb llhodo Island Nod Eggs postpai a.





BUELL BROS" Ann Arbor, Michigan





 





ARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS—Cockarels all sold.

Have some nice ullets and yearling hens. Eg s

for hatching. osri’iANDER mics. Morlei. Mic.





LYMOUTE Rock cockerels 5 to ll lbs., according to



age, hens" o to 8 lbs... 15 eggs $2: Mammoth Bronze

Tom Turkeys 8 to 35 lbs, according to age. Price $8

to $25. 10 eggs 84. A. E. ORA l‘ON. Vassar. Mich.





—F t f

Barred P. ilock Egg: 3.222222332232632; $2221.22

A. A. PATTULLO. Deckerville. ichigan.





FORK SALE— —Eggs for hatching from M. Pekin Ducks

andR B.r Leghorns. two best lines in Ameri cs.

Olsoafew girls. at $1.50 each. and two Jersey bull

aalves elig. to reg. Claudia Betta. Hillsdale, Mich





 





[as ‘ DAY—Barred Plymouth Rocks, Bred-to-Lay.

" ' Eggs. 81. 50 per 15: $2.7 5 per 30

EC (3- A- DAY Pou try Ranch. Marshall. Mich





Barred Nook MEgNgs,R 15 For $1. 50, 100 For $7.

.00 FFM No 6, Benton Harbor, Mich



While II andoiiesjgi‘ii‘) for 2.530212222393222: $2



per 15. avid Ra3. 202 Forest Ave. Ypsilanti, Mich.





BANNED NOON EGGS FON NiIchNG‘fibmpg‘i'fiS:





A. BARNUM. Union City. Michigan.





 





CEICKS— —-We ship thousands each season. Booking

orders now for spring deliv.er3 l’r' 1( es alw a3s right.

Free booklet Freeport Hatcherv. Box 12. Freepori. Mich.





LILLIB FARHSTBAO POULTRY





B. P. Rooks, 11.1. Beds. and 8. C. W. oLeghorn 0gp

for sale. if) for $1: 26 for 8160: 50 f 50

OLON 0.L1LLIE.Ooonersville.Mioh.





——From White Indian runner and

Eggs For "alching Pekin ducks. White African

guineas. H. V. Hostetler. Route No. 1. St. Johns. Mich.





PNIZE WINNING





for sale. eggs $1 11 .

EMWOOD FAR . R.





-—A d s the best.

Pine Ilmi Nhiio llrpinglonMsR puma: .30....”

eggs. Write for catalogue. WILLISH OUGH

Pine Crest Farm. Royal





INGLET BARRED ROCKS— The winning and lay-

Ring strain Birds of quality d1 size Eggs 15 I per 13.

M B. '1‘urke3 eggs. selected mot ing 82. 50 per 10. Years

of experience. Plainview Stock Farm. Romeo, Mic.h





STANDARD BRED R. l. REDS





Bose &Sin le Comb. S. L. Wyandottes, Pearl Guineas.

F fR Ds.uck Eggs (show quality) $2 per

$2.25 per 30. All eggs sent free by

sub to Michigan Poultry BrIeeder

givfn to each customer. FRENCH FRU

POULTRY FARMS. Michigan

—From great laying strain





8. L "YANDOITE £868 of Blue Ribbon Birds.





Satisfaction guaranteed. F. E, Cowdrey, Ithaca. Mich.





 





BARRED RQCKS, 8.0. Reds. Pekin



and Indian liunner Ducks. Stock

chicks. Circular i’ree.



R. 13. Grand Rapids. Mich.





(MMRII.s Michigan.





15'. (good fr'ade')

p.





Landington,





 





WHITE WYANDOTTES—Line hrcd from record layers

Winners at Jackson, Puuiiac. ScrnIIlon, Pn.,eii'. Eggs 32 pe





‘ 1.5; $5 per 50. l‘ircular fiee. J. Vernon Slicnp, Jm‘ksnn. Michr





 





SILVER, White and Golden Wyandottes. Eggs from

Whites $1 50 per 15 $2 .50 per will 5- Ilvers &i‘ oldens at (tithing

prices. Browning s “ \andotte l‘ :11 III. l’orilsnd. Miclug Ian.





 





EGGS from prize winning Barred Rocks. R. C. White

Leghornsflilver Spangled Hamburgs. Fawn do White

Runners. Circular i‘ree. Holstein bull calves Henger-

veld DeKol blood. Riverricw Farm, R. No. 8. Vassar, Mich.





 





EGGS—Pure bred Light Brahmas. White W3 andottes

8.1 .50 per setting 32 .50 or two settings. Cock

MRS. E D BISHOP ake Odessa. Michigan.





 





erels.

' from M'Immoth Rouen Ducks,

gs lilf "nioblng “eight 10 to 12 lbs. Eggs $2.7 per

g) G. Fisher. Route 3 Box93, Birmingham Mich.





 





ANCY (S. C. ) WHITE LEGHORN COCK}: RELS.

Price $2 and $3 each. Choice eggs, $1 per setting.

John McNicoll, Station A” ll 4, Ba3 Cit3, Michigan.





 





 





DOGS AND FERRETS.





Fox and Wolf Hounds





oi ihe besi Enghsh slmn In lmenoa

40 years experience in breeding

these fine hounds for my own

sport. Save your pigs sheep and

poultry. Send stamp for catalog





T. B. HUDSPETH.





 





 





Sibley, Jackson County, Mo.

Noundsfgiiifti’iilii’hfii’i“ Shetland Pon nly Mam

Send 20 stamp. E. LECKY. Holmesvil e, Ohio.





 





Tells why chicks die





J. O. Reefer, the poultry expert of 1604 Main St..

Kansas City. Mo. .. is giving away free a valuable book

entitled “White Diarrhoea and ,How to Cure It ”

This book contains scientific facts on white diarrhoea

and tells how to prepare a simple home solution

that cares this terrb le disease over night and

actually raises per cent of every hatch. All

poultr raisers should wri . ”E EFER for

one of, these valuable FREE books.





When writing advertisers

mention The Michigan Farmer.





please





 





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P l d B '

ou try an , ces.

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Spring Work in the Apiary





EEKEEPERS are now entering



upon a very busy and important



season, and while the prepara-

tions for this year’s crop should have

been commenced last fall, there are

many little things that can still be

done, to help increase this season’s

surplus.



All weak colonies should have the

entrances of their hives so reduced

that robbing will not be started very

easily. All hives from which bees

have died, either during the winter

or this spring, should be removed to

the cellar or some place where bees

cannot gain access to them. Hives

that are allowed to stand in the api-

ary until the honey has been robbed

out, are not only a source of great

danger in a foulbrood area, but the

owner is going contrary to law and

is liable to be prosecuted.- Beekeep-

ers should remember this point and

also remind their neighbors who may

not be aware of the new foulbrood

law.



Treating Weak Colonies.



Weak colonies can be treated in

two ways, one is to pack them snug-

ly on top and reduce the entrance to

a very small opening. If the colony is

not too weak and has a young queen,

they should build up in good shape

for the later flows. The alternative

is to practice the Alexander method

of placing one weak colony over a

strong one. To be successful with

this method one has to use great care

in not disturbing the bees during the

operation. In short, the plan is as

follows: Mark your weak colonies

and a like number of strong ones,

then in the evening place the

weak colonies over the strong ones,

with just a queen—excluder between

the two hive bodies. If successful the

two colonies will be very strong in

about six or eight weeks and both

queens alive, the worst that can hap-

pen will be that the bees kill one

queen, even then you will have one

good colony. The colony could be

divided as the apiarist saw fit.



All queenless colonies should be

united with colonies of fair strength,

having a queen. This should be done

early to get the advantage of the 01d

bees as long as possible. The safest

and easiest method of uniting these

colonies, at this season, is to place

the weak one over the strongr colony

with one or two sheets of newspaper

between the two brood chambers;

they will unite in this way without

any fighting.



. Spring Feeding.



If you have any colonies that are

light in stores, feed them with a

sugar syrup, in the proportion of one

to one; this can be fed in Mason

fruit jars and cheesecloth over the

mouth, invert the bottle right on the

frames and then pack warmly all

around, to keep in the heat. Always

remember that the strong colonies

are more liable to starve than the

weak ones, because they use much

more stores in feeding the brood. You

cannot afford to lose these, so keep

your eye on all strong ones.



Be on the lookout for robbing, and

if you find it just commencing re-

duce the entrance of the colony being

robbed, so that only one or two bees

can enter at a time. When you get

an opportunity examine the colony

being robbed and find out if it is

queenless or only weak. If robbing

has become bad, remove the robbed

colony to the celar for two or three

days; after removing the colony place

another hive, containing frames, on

the old, stand; this often fools the

bees and they think there is no more





—By F. E. MILLEN,

State Apiarist.





honey and so cease robbing. The



robbed colony can then be returned



to its old stand, or placed on another



stand, as the beekeeper wishs.

Clipping Queens.



Some beekeepers haVe an idea that

if the queens’ wings are clipped,

swarming will be retarded. The idea

is not to retard or prevent swarming,

but to prevent the swarm from ab-

sconding. You can also keep a, rec-

ord of the age of your queens when

clipping is practiced. By clipping the

right wings one year and the left the

next, and if necessary both the third

year, the age of the queen is seen at

a glance. Unless a queen is above

the average, it will pay the beekeep-

er to pinch her head after she is two

years old, and introduce a young one.



The subject of the importance of

the queen to the colony is much deep-

er than appears on the surface, a

poor queen always means a poor col-

ony, and We forget that we are liable

to have poor queens the same as

there are poor specimens in every

kind of living things. With poultry,

for instance, we try to breed from the

best all the time, but how many of

we beekeepers try to raise queens

from our best colonies only? A good

queen means a stronger colony, and

we know that it is our strong colonies

that give us our heaviest surplus.

Think of that this summer when you

want to requeen those colonies. With

the smoke method of introducing a

queen, directly into the colony, there

is little time lost and very little risk

of losing the queen.



Advantages of Using Foundation.



The use of foundation is another

seasonable matter. Are you using full

sheets .of starters this season? The

man who uses only starters loses

quite a lot of surplus that he might

might get if he used full sheets. We

must remember that the flowers only

secrete nectar for a certain length of

of time and then the flow ceases. If

your bees are busy in the hive mak-

ing comb they lose that much— time

and while the flow may last many

days longer, every day lost is beyond





recall. Try two colonies this season,

one On starters and one on full

sheets, give them both an equal

chance, and see which one will give





you the largest surplus. After such

an experiment you will need no more

urging to use full sheets of founda-

tion.



We should not need reminding that

all our supers should be ready now,

for the coming crop. Four shallow

supers and three deep supers to ev-

ery colony should be our aim, the

flow will not wait while we order

supers and other bee. fixtures from

the factory. You have doubtless been

caught this way before; do not let it

occur this time.



If we are keeping bees, let us un-

derstand all we can about them. An

intimate knowledge of their habits

will go far in making us more suc-

cessful, and at the same time teach

us tolappreciate the wonderful little

insects that we have under our

control.





\





SKlM-MILK FOR CHICKS.





 





Skim-milk is a farm product whose

value is not fully appreciated. It is

not generally realized that milk loses

very little in actual value as food by

skimming. It is true that most of

the fat is removed in the cream, yet

the most valuable food constituents

——nitrogenous substances—remain be—

hind in the .skim product. Skim-milk

not only contains much nutritive ma.—





terial, but this material is a form

which is, as a general rule, easily di-

gested. It is not only very healthful,

nutritious food for mankind, but When

fed to poultry, especially growing

chicks, will give excellent results. Its

composition is Such that it may be

substituted for part of the grain food,

especially corn, with profit.



Last season I had {100 little White

Leghorn chicks. I fed the usual grain

scratch feed, together with Cornell

mash feed in hoppers outdoors. The

chicks were given three pans of skim—

milk per day, which was soured to

a solid mass. My neighbor, who also

has a large flock, fed about the same

grain ration, minus the milk. In a

month my stock, for all the world,

looked to be from two to three weeks

older than his, so fast had they de-

veloped on the milk diet. While he

was cautious about his rations, he

experienced great bowel trouble with

the chicks, whereas my chicks were

healthy, never having once during the

wet season contracted roup from ex-

posure. It is simply needless and

wasteful, not alone to the pocket-

book, but as well to the vitality of

the stock, to dope them with prepar-

ed medicines for roup and bowel dis-

orders. Skim-milk will carry off all

foul gases from the organs, and will

place the three vital developments

onto the carcass, namely, meat, bone

and feathers. I never could under-

stand why some farmers failed to

feed skim-milk to the fowls, both

growing chicks and matured birds, for

they have a far better food for laying

quality and developing than any mix-

ture of grain feeds could possibly

give.



Milk-fed chicks will make a weekly

gain of 4.46 ounces of milk, where,

without they will make a. gain of only

about 262 ounces, according to ex-

peiiments held in our State Agricul-

tuial College poultry pens. The larg-

est gains are always found during

the periods when the most milk is

fed. Skim—milk may well be consid-

ered especially valuable as a'food for

chicks during the hot days of sum-

mer, when so many chicks suffer un-

told agony from the heat, and find

water very poor as a, thirst quencher.



How much skim-milk should be

fed? Chicks cannot consume too great

an amount for their good. Here we

find that we have a. food that is ideal

in that every ounce goes to the body

of the fowl, and there does its good

work. The thing to be closely watch-

ed is that the dishes in which the

milk is fed are cleaned with scalding

hot water every day or so, for the

flies will breed about the dishes and

will leave death and disease as a re-

sult. So keep the dishes clean and

wholesome. Ordinary milk pans with

an eight-cornered board, with legs

about the length of the depth of the

pan, are good covers, leaving proper

space for the chicks to drink. Take

a square board little less than size

of width of pan and cut off the cor

ners. This will keep the chicks out

of the dish. Be sure to feed skim-

milk this year if you desire the best

results. It is needful that the chicks

be developed as early as possible if





they are to make fall-layers, which

means profitable fowls.

New York. EARL W. GAGE.





TESTS lN EGG PRODUCTION.





Experiments made by the West Vir-

ginia Station indicate that chicks are

less vigorous when hatched from eggs

laid by hens which have been laying

heavily for a long time. A decided

lack of phosphorus in the rations re-

sulted in a material decrease in the

number of eggs laid. It was demon-

strated that the average size of eggs

laid by hens varies considerably ac-

cording to the season, the eggs being





heavier during February and March





than at any other time; also, that the

eggs from mature fowls are heavier

than those from pullets.
AP. yiRIL’f-I 2.5.1.1911. ’ ‘

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Veterinary.





filflllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|Illllllllllllllll|IlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllFr

CONDUCTED'BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





Advice through this department is

free to our subscribers.

niunication should state. history an

symptoms of the case in full;'

name and address of writer. Initials

only will be published. Many quer-

ies are answered that apply to the

same ailments. If this column is

Watched carefully you will probably

find the desired information in a re-

ply that has been made to someone

else. When reply by mail is request-

ed. it becomes private practice, and a

fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.





D'ropsical Swelling—l have a 12-

)ear-old mare due to foal in _two.or

three weeks that is stocked in hind

legs and has a swelling under belly

which extends from udder to girth.

E. S., Sanford, Mich—Exercise her

daily, feed'her food that has a lax-

ative tendency, and give her a tea-

spoonful of powdered sulphate of

iron, a tablespoonful of ground gen-i

tian and a dessertspoonful powdered

nitrate of potash at a dose in feed

three times a day. Gentle hand-rub-

bing of legs and swelling under belly

will have a good effect, but_irritating

liniment shouldnot be applied.



Mare Disowns Colt—My mare foal

ed on April 8;' has a nice colt but re-

fuses to let it nurse. Local veteri-





nary thought perhaps udder might be

sore, but he is mistaken. O_. J. .,

Ashley, Mich—It is impossmle to





make some mares own their colt. By

placing her in a very narrow stall.

boxed in, with open. sides for colt to

reach udder from either side; or ap-

ply a gag or twitch while colt 1.3

nursing, but this is impractical if it

has to be kept up. If you have to

raise colt on cow’s milk, add one-

third water and some sugar.



Obstructed Udder.—In the lower

portion of one quarter of cow’s udder

there seems to be some small lumps

which prevent a steady flow of milk.

After emptying teat it is necessary to

wait several seconds before it again

fills. J. R., North Branch, Mich.——Ap~

ply one part iodine and l5 parts of.

fresh lard to udder oppos1te bunches

every day or two. Also give 1 dr

potassium iodide at a dose in feed

three times a day.



Catarrh or Inflammation of the

Crop—Every spring for three years

I have been troubled with .turkeys

taking sick, becoming dumpish and

have a watery discharge from mouth.

This discharge is yellow and has a

very bad odor. The crop is very much

distended and is full of this water.

When turkey is held up by legs, the

water runs out of mouth, but they,

have no diarrhea. Mrs. J. V R., Do-

wagiac, Mich—Catarrh or inflamma-

tion of the crop may be caused by

over-feeding or irregular feeding, and

when the crop is over-distended, the

mucus coat is partially paralyzed:

therefore, the secretion of the glands

is interfered with, which is followed

by a fermentation or decomposrtion'

of the contents. It may _also be

brought on by eating irritating sub-

stances. The first step in treating

should be to empty the crop by care-

ful pressure and manipulation while

the bird is held with its head down-

ward. Give 5 grs. of subnitrate of

bismuth and 2 grs. of bicarbonate of

soda in an ounce or two of water.

Give 1 gr. of quinine at a dose three

times a day and feed a good quality

of food in limited quantities for a few

days. _



Scours in Calves—I have lost three

good calves recently with what

called white scours or diarrhea. Two

of these calves were seemingly all

right in the morning when they nurs~

ed, but died in the evening; each of

them was only 36 hours old, the oth-

er one Wa's nine days old. Our local

Vet, prescribed laudlanum and white

of egg, but it did no good. N. M. B.,

Clarksville, Mich—This acute con-

tagious disease, causing scouring in

the new-born calf, usually proves fa-

tal in from 24 to 36 hours; therefore.

prevention is the rational resort. In-

oculations with this bacillus (germs)

kill guinea pigs and rabbits in from six

to 18 hours. No matter what reme-

dies you give, the calves usually die.

The stable should be thoroughly dis-

infected and supplied with clean fresh

bedding and the navels of the young

calves should be treated; besides, the

hind parts of cows should be spong-

ed and washed off thoroughly with a

two per cent solution of carbolic acid.

Also sprinkle this solution on barn

floor. I have repeatedly stated in this

~ column how to care for navels of

your: stock; therefore, we cannot af-

ford 0‘ .DurDQse too. l





 

 





use space for this





 





 





 

 





 

 





 





     





r." 11-. was .5)‘ "-x





’ll‘lflllEWR





 





 





lllll: GAVE





 





 





 





 

 





 





   





rm;





 





 





 





 





value.

Good Work.





comfort.





1

2

3





Lightness of Draft.





4





 





 





Only one nut to remove and

80% of the time to change

trouble. . You can’t afford





This is the best and biggest

us er?

free I



Ask for package No. P-S.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





EVENTY—SEVEN YEARS the world’s standard Plow.

Enjoy the pleasure and profit of having the best.

leaping deer trade-mark is your protection, the sign of



quality—the mark of staunchness, reliability and great plow

John Deere plows mean—





Unless a plow does perfect work

you can’t alford to own it at any price.





Ease of Management.

You are not going to live always

nor buy a new plow every year.





Strength and Durability.

nsive, delays annoying.

onger than a poor one.





feed cost money- . Power is an expense.





John Deere Quick Detachable Shares





Great Improvement -— Save Time — Save Temper





No crawling under the plow in the dirt, skinning your

hands changing old style bolted shares.





Get John Deere plows with Quick Detachable Shares.





new and exclusive John Deere feature.

BETTER FARM IMPLEMENTS AND HOW TO USE THEM





ht cents postage to mail

you use farm implements.





and address your letter to





John Deere, Mol

» rs.





son: lPlLCW





The





Have regard for your





 





Repairs are ex-

A good plow lasts





Horse flesh and horse





 





that handy to reach. Save

old style shares and all the

to buy a plow without this





book we have issued. Costs

but we will send you a copy





 





ine, Illinois





'/





 





 





 





 





 





5.1... an}.





 





15:9”... . . ..





 





BREEDERS’ BliiliC'l‘iiliY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD FOUNDED IN 1900.

Strains represented consist of Trojan Ericas, Black-

birds and rides, only. Black Quality Ito. a hull of

rare individuality and merit. heads the herd.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich.





ANGUS CATTLE FOR SALE





We have on hand several choice pure-bred Angus

bull calves which can be sold for immediate delivery.

These calves are sired by Louis of Viewpont. a Grand

Son of Lucy's Prince. the International Grand

Champion bull for three years in succession. We

also have for sale a few choice heifers from this herd

bull. Will make a. price on Louis of Viewpoint as

some of his heifers are old enough to breed. Address





GLENWMD FARM, Addison, Michigan.





(1 UERNSEY BULL CALF nicely marked, 3 weeks

1 old. great grandson of Gov. Chene, $50takes him.

AVON DALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.





OUR YOUNG GUERNSEY BULLS. old enough for





service. for sale. Exceptional breeding and in

divlduality. Village Farm. Grass Lake. Michigan.





ADVANCE llEl- GUERNSEY BULL'§¥‘OI§’Cisn?m





Imported Billy's Sequel of Brinrbank 1W7. Make



an offer—the best one takes im.



M. B. STEWART, R. F. D. No. 2. Farmingtcn.Mich.

2 six months old





HEREFORD BULLSIISmonthsold.





ALLEN BROS.. Paw Paw, Michigan.





llolS'l‘lilN BULLS A'l’ FARMERS PRICES





Sir-ed by one of the best bulls of America.

LONG BEACH FARM. Augusta. Kalamazoo Co..Mich.





ESPANORE FARM,





LANSING, MICH.





Register’dHolsleins





Bull Calves $50 to $200.

An absolute guarantee with each purchase.

CHASE S. OBBORN,‘ }0 L. M. HATCH.

ADAM E. FERGUSON. Where. Supt.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





OLSTEIN FBIESIAN CATTLE BREEDERS of

hi h record cows. Young bulls at farmers prices.

J NES & LUTZ. Oak Grove. Michigan.





 





‘ —Ofler ibnll calves. choice A.

.‘land ’5"? K. 0. breeding. 3100 and up.

COLE BROTHERS COMPANY. Ypsilanti. Michigan.





A FEW Cll0lCli E2"§°..‘1‘3."‘E““ 3“” 82.3212? ’





GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.





' ' ' Herd Headed by Albina Bonte

"claim anan Wilt Boon... No. 93124. no”...

for dam and sire's dam





.B.0. at 4 yrs. butter 7 days

28.37 lbs. No stock for sale. W. B. Reader. Howell, Mich.





The Michigan llama and Mining School, '1? 3‘5?

Offers Choice Purebred Holstein





 





 





ull Calves. 1 to 7

mo. old. Also choice grade Holstein heifers out of good

milk producing dams. List furnished upon application.





"Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Choice bull calves from 1 to 7 mo. old. of fashion-

able breeding and from dams with omcial milk

and butter records for sale at reasonable prices.

MOPHEISON FARMS 00.. Howell. Michigan.





Purebred Registered





HOLSTEIN CATT L E



The Greatest Dairy Breed

Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets

flolstein-l‘riesian. Auo..Box l64. Brattleboro.Vt.





O

3 Fine Foundation llerds ior Sale.



HERD No. 1—1 3-year-old hull with 27 lb. dam.

5 3-year-old A. B.0. heifers. from A. 8.0. dams and

A. . sires and all bred to A.R. bulls. Choicest

breeding, fine conformation. perfect udders.

nicely marked. and a chance to start where it.

would take years to breed u

HERD No. 2—Yearling bull wit,



his breeding.

1 10-year-old. 26 years old, 2 2 years old and 1 3

cars old. and 5 of them bred to A. R. bulls. the

(:11 not bred. All A. R.0. cows.



Ohio.





L. E. CONNELL. Fayette.

Lillie Farmstead Jerse e





(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from ubor-

culcsls.) Several good bulls ant bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. No .emsles for sale at

present. Satisfactionguaranteed.



COLON C. LIL) IE. Cooper-swine. Mich.





MAPLE Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd—Tu-

berculili tested by U.8. Government. Bull calves

from cows in R. of I. test. Heifer calves whose dams.

grand-dams. and git-eat grand-dams are in the Register

of Merit. IR IN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.

JERSEYS—Bulls calves bred for product-

ion. Also cows and heifers.





Breakwater Farm. R. F. D. No.1. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





to.

4 world's records in





 





1





 





 





 





 





JEnsEYs—TWO yearling bulls. well bred and ‘well





21 -485





IT PAYS To BUY rung BRED sum? or

PARSONS Hafiz-men





   

   

   





 

 





I sell and ship orywhere and pay express

. W to l b r or] e list.

ears. sailings... . .1..- -





 





PABSONS.GmndLedge.Mich. Bl.





 





 





H008.



' ' —-A few extra 89 t.Bosrs and bunch

”urflcs‘vmlW” of Gilts for is? of April (arrow.



M. T. STORY, Lowell, Mich., Citizens Phone 55.

BERKSHIRE—LChogce full Boam {Mild (Flits raftselefit

roe lng,asospring gs. roe one .

WHITE OAK FARM. B. No. 4. rown City. Mich.

' —-Reg. Bred Guts—Orders taken for

chSlor Wh'los spring pigs and Collie ups. Holstein

Bulls at Bargains. FAY B. PARHAM. ronson. Mich.

o I c --Sows bred for June furrow. We are

I I I also taking orders for spring igs.

JOHN BERNER & SON. Grand Ledge. M‘lch.





0 ' ’s—Gllts bred for June furrow.

- - good boars on hand. I ay

G. P. ANDREWS. Dansville. Ingham 80..



—I HAVE A NICE LOT OF





9

O. I. C S. Lns'r FALL GILTS ON

HAND. OTTO B. SCHULZE. One—half mile

west of Depot. Nashville; Michigan.

-Takeordera fore ring l . OneSmo. fine

0- I. C0 type Jersey Bull. Pride reasonable.

N. H. Weber. Oak View Farm, Royal Oak. Michigan.





0. '0 C. i s l d Prllzg farmxkamlf."

. urge an l‘ . '

wants. GLfil‘fWOOD srocx 0“ y W our

—to farrow in June





‘ARM. Zceland. ich.

also

0- I. c- GILTS choice Holstein Bull calf.

CLOVER LEAF STOCK FARM. Monroe. Mich.

o I C —'l‘hree September Boers. four

"is“ f.r -_ eepgemléer Guts. ‘Am alsgdtaking

o . o a nu as. ey are ex re. 0 .

NEWMAN'S ro‘bfi FARM. R.No. l. Morl‘étte, did:

cheater Whites—Fall pigs, either sex, orders taken

‘ for spring pigs. Write your wants. Price dz ual

my right. Meadow View Stock Farm. Holland. ich





! All sold. Would be 1

0' I' c 3 Your order for s rinzfled to book

0. J. THOMPSON.





Rockfo . Michlgn.

UllilC JERSEY





n —:‘all dpigs of the largeéhtfivy

one ype. its 11 .

F. J. DRODT. Monroe. Mlchigan,pali01iteo Nb. ll.





 





 





 





 





 





A few

express.

M ichigan.





 





 





 





~16 sows bred for s





 





 





ice fall gilts. Bept. far-r03





—Cho

lllll‘oc Jerseys at reasonable prices. .

STAHLM AN. Cherry Lawn Farm.R.2.Shepherd, Mich





—D Pl 8 he 1d th i

FOR SALE “#53? “Si. “iii. .2... oil; 5.221%?

September Il‘arrowing:A





your wantsto. '. A.



-A f h .

F0" S‘LE Weieéiifgvrom 100 to 200 poun s Iemifcriii.

M. A. BRAY. kemos. Inglmm 00.. Michigan.





DURoCs-A good growthy fall

and bred for Augu

make you money. Give me your order now for

May shipment. Also fall boars ready for service.

KOPE KON FARM, Kinderhcok. Michigan.





0R SALE DUROC JERSEYS—College Boy 138557

furrowed Sept. ‘7. mil. two Aug. 1913 boars. Write

for price. etc. J. H. Bnnghart. Lansing. Michigan.

Fancy bred Duroo Jerseys—Boar's a Gilts of spring &

summer fax-row. Good individuals at. reasonable

prices. John McNicoll. Station A. [14. Bay City. Mich.





Kllllll-El. Slflci FARM





 





Pedigrees furnished. Write

MB dc SON. Cassopclls. Mich,





 





boned Duroc Jerse





 





pig immuned

st arrow will





 





 





 





 





 





nowpfl'er Duroc Jersey pi e

of either sex at reasonab e





 





prices. E. R. CORNELL. Howell. Michigan.

Durocs—25 large high classy sows, bred for March &

April to Barney Crimson. Cherry Advance & Oakland





Fancy. W'rite or come & see. 1. C. Barney.Coldwaior.Mieh.





DUROC JERSEY





CA REY U. EDMONDS.





Borne-Jerseys





 





—A few fall pigs of

both sexes for sale.

Hastings. Michigan.





 





-—Bpring boars from prize-win.

ninfi strains. Bows all ages

1". .No. 1. Ann Arbor. Mich.





Brookwater Farm.

L‘RGE ‘I'YPE P c—Largest in Mich. Bred gilts

' - allsold. Afew good fall pigs

left. Watch this space for something large and

good. they please where over they fl.

W. E. LIVINGSTON. Pan-ma. ichigan.





POLAND ClilNAS‘ Both Western and Home





Bred. Either sex. all ages

Prices right. W. J. HAGELBHAW. Augusta. Mich





Poland China Boar; Sow: Bred, All oi lhs Big Type.

A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Michigan.

—F ll h d 'l . ’ ,



P. c. feliiialegaOfixgd‘rdgéligepgprujgvxighghhd?régg;g



Cent. Mich. Shorthorn Ass'n., McBrides. Michigan.





POLAND CHINA PICS—From large Prolific stock.

Shorthorn Bull Calves. Eggs 81 per 15 from choice

Barred Rocks. ROBERT NEVE, Pierson. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





U’l‘LER’SBig Boned Prolific Poland Chlnas. Grow

big. kee easy. mature early. ready for market at

6months. by? Because we've bred them that way

for more than 20 years. We have 25 big boned boars

ready for service. Buy one and make more money on

our hogs. You can‘t get any bett rat any rice.

.0. History Free. J. C. BUTLER. ortland. ich.





Poland China Bred Sons





guaranteed. R. W.



30 Poland China Fall Pigs——Good ones from immune

sows 810 and $15 each. while they last. Bred sow



sale Fob. 27th.send your name for catalog if you want to



buy Big Types with Quality. Wm. Wilma. Goldwater. Irish.





:50 B10 TYPE MULE FOOT EGGS—America's

Champion Herd. Prolific. hardy. Best for Mich.

Also Ponies. J. DUNLAP.Box M.Wlllismsport. Ohio





YORKSHIRE SWINE—Boar's all sold. Yearling

sows bred for March farrow. “'eanling pigs ready

May let. GEO. S. McMULLEN. Grand Ledge. Mich.





 





Fall Pigs and Minorcs

cockerels. Satisfaction

DIILLS. Saline. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





grown. We invite personal , J



SMITH & PARKER. Howell. Michigan.

FOR SAL —Three Brown Swiss bulls

18 months old. recorded

and tuberculin tested. Best dairy strain. Descendants





of Son Lass the Champion Cow at St Louis fair. Mrs.

Harriet M. Chandler, 116 Howell St., Hillsdalo.Mich.«





FOR SALE—ioififiéftffigdbossl°§ih%%efii$: €3.33





11.





 





 





6 to 14 months old. Stock loos on the farm

of P. . usack Muir. Michigan.

A. A. PALMER 4!. sons, Orleans. Michigan.





 





Buys 10 hi in grade Holstein heifers from 15

$7 5 0 tom mo. olgd. all nice] marked. and bred to

a registered bull. B B. BEAV . Akron. Michigan.





' ~18” lbs. 25-“). dam Bl

31W'Old “OlSlMll Bull has 12 A. a, 0. duo 5.0,”:

and is a son of Petertie Hengerveld's Count Kol,

98 A R. 0. daughters 4 above lbs. 3% delivered.

OBABT W. FAY. Mason. Micki:





BIGELOW’S ll0lS'l'lilN FARMS





d ville Michi an.

Breeflgeder ofhigh clan I





, Registered Holsteins.





 





 





 





' .. '\.

'~‘.m~..\ , ..

.1 v, j. J, 4 A.





Bill" BRED Sllfllllllfllllli Béyfifslnlizi?ei"fiiiis





all sold. J. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan.





SHORTHORN CATTLE





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





TWO Slllllllllllllll Blllll‘m‘ ”WWW” foresh-





 





 





Bred sows. bred ilts and boar

pigs. not related. or sale. Satin.

G. C. KREGLOW. Ada. Ohig.





Mule Fool





faction guaranteed.





Hill SALE“





 





Yorkshires. milk fed. spring pigs and a

few sows bred for April farrow. Prices

reasonable. 0. H. JOBSE. Mt. Clemens, Michigan.



" Guaranteed to not die of Cholera. Prolific.

“Thin!“ long deep and well fleshed. Feb. and March

pigs. Trios not akin. Boats. Cribbs Brom, Wstervlietfflieh.





YORKSHIRES





The large. long-bodied. heavy-boned

Bows an g lts bred for spring fsrrow.

tember.00tcber and November pigs.





0. COOK. R. 42, Add.





lillie Farmstead Yorkshire:





Open gilts and gilts bred for September furrow.

Bpr n pigs either so pairs and trio- not akin.

Bail ac ion gusrsnteoxd.





COLON c. LILLIB. Coopersvilie. Michigan.





 





 





6Broliiic kind.

head of Sep~

cos reasonable.

Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





Good milkin strain.

W. E. HORRISH. Flushing. Mic n.

SHEEP.

we. '—Yesr'l and run 1 be from Chain ’ ion

flookof nub of'Mi . Also select kr-

rshirs swine. Bailout-Stock lam. Almost. Mich.





“Bow your so. in the Michigan

on!“ 83' Farmer"~ when writing advertisers





; .
The General

says:-

Acce is no “test” of roofing—for





toug ness, pliability, tensile

strength, etc. There is no test—





by which you can judge how long a roof

will last. The only proof is on the roof.





This label on ‘





Ce rtain-teed





ROOFING





representsthe responsibility of the three

biggest mills in the roofing industry—

when it guarantees you fifteen years of

service on the roof in Certain-reed.

Look for this guarantee labe on every

roll or crate.





Your dealer can furnish Quinta-teed

Roofing in rolls and shingles—made 5

the General Roofing Mfg. Co. worlds

‘lwrgest roofirlrg manufacturers, East St.

‘ Louis. 111., arseilles, 111.. York, Pa.





The Department of

Soils of M. A. C. re-

ports that the roots

of a maximum 'crop

of red clover in one





acre of ground contains as much nitrogen as would

be added to the soil by on application of 7 tons of

barnyard manure. If the soil contains acid a.

maximum crop of clover cannot be grown.



Our Pulvorlxod lee Stone will remove acidity

from the soil. Be sure and see our analysis. Get

our prices and free samples before buying.





GUS. F. SMITH, 00., lno., Detroit, Mlch‘





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





The ”Berlin Th Wh' B k

0....» e Ite as at

That secures hi best

rices for your ruit.

'rite for 19.4 catalog

showingourconipleteline

and secure your baskets

and crates at WINTER.

DISCOUNTS.





The Berlin Fruit Box to.

Berlin Heights. Ohio.





 

 

 





 





 

 





 





 





i. .





 





Real Northern Grown Seed Potatoes





BUELL’S HUSSET HUHAIS





Disease free; blight resisting: scab resisting; fine cat‘

ing; high yielding. Grown on M-plowood Farm. Write





DORR D. BUELL, Elmira, Ostego County, Mich.





SEE” con —GOLDEN GLOW





The variety that has



brought Wisconsin with-

in the corn belt. Heaviest yielding early corn in

existence. Has yielded 133 bu. per acre in Wisconsin.

Breeding this variety my specialty. Get the best.

Also clover. alfalfa. and timothy. All seeds State

Inspected. Circular and samples.





HENRY MICHELS, R. 7, Malone,Wis.





Look! Read and Save Money





We have a big Stock of Agple. Peach. Pear. Cherry.

a Plum trees. at 30 it ug. hade trees. Berry lants.

Roses. Shrubs. Etc. eed Corn. Potatoes £0ats.

We were formerly at Moscow. but have better facili-

ties now to serve our Patrons. send for Catalogue





ERNST NURSERIES. Box 2. Button. Ohio.

SWEE SEED. pure white and biennial

yellow. Prices and circular how



CLOVER to grow it s'ent on request. Everett

Barton. Box 129. Falmouth. Ky.





EED POTATOES--The Horticultural Division of the

M icli. Experiment Station hasasurplusof SirWalter

Raleigh seed potatoes for sale. Price $1abu.. F. 0. B

LansingMich. Money must accompany order. Add rcss

Horticultural Division. East Lansing. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





HI'I‘E CAP DENT SEED CORN, fire dried. 98%

germination, 82.50 per bushel shelled. bags free.

ALFADALE FARM. St. Johns. Michigan.





 





Strawberry FREE Send address and get 25 fine.

PLANTS Everbearin Strawberry Plants

free. Dept. 39. MUTUAL NURS RY CO..St.Louis.Mo.





—Fine





Senator Dunlap Strawberry Plants Ior Sale on...

at $2.50 per 1000. W. M. YARIGER. St. Johns. Mich.





soy BEANS—Northern grown. Ito San earliest



known standard variety. $3 per bushel.

Sell for inoculation and full directions. 50 cents per

bushel extra. , KENWAHL FARM. Swanton. Ohio.





SEED CORN-Mich. Yellow Dent. home.

grown. flre dried. tested.



Golden Fleece and Reg. Swedish Select Oats. Send

for sample and circular. FLA. Bywater, Memphis.Mich.

—100() bus. 1912 crop. Imp. Early



seed corn Learning. Reid's Yellow Dent

and “lute Cap. Finest quality. germination perfect.

52 per bu. Catalog free. TilEO. Bl'n'l‘ a SONS. Melrose. 0.





SEE” OATS—Regenerated Swedish Select. stiti‘



straw. heavy yielder, free from smut.

prime stock, reclaimed, $1 per bu.. sacks free. Write

for sample. Also Green Mountain Potatoes. vigorous

grower. good yielder. quite free from blight. 750 per

bu.. sacks free. Colon O. Lillie, Coopersville, Mich.





E E D OAT —Cboice recleaned

755ENSAJION (1,:st



c per u..are e

and yield woll. J. A. STARR. Royal Oak. Magi);





SEED CORN—High grade, prize winning variety.

Satisfaction guaranteed.

JESSE W. PICKETT. Caledonia. Michigan.

-— i W l '

Selected Seed Potatoes Suiran‘teifi “‘t’é’lfi'é' 3:13:

prices. Stuart Acres Fru t Farms. Marshall, Mich.

‘ —FOR SALE late PETOSKEY.

seed POIaneS Blight proof, free from scab.

800bu.. sacks free. GEO. BILLS. Hale. Michigan.





ASPIIIIGIIS BOOTS—Simfh‘i. whiff (92.1%”?

ich.’





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





B V . ' ,

tea: T’ififi'fi‘?iim°f‘f’liifi§°‘fi§hpii‘ifmg





" x. ,:,~: ».~ vr’w. .i." ' *





 





 





 





 





THE MICHIGANIF‘A'RM'ER'





IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliL





$1 lllllllIlllIlllIIIIlIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllIllllllllIIIllllllllllllllllllllIIIIlllillllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllllillIlllllllllllillllllilliillllIIllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IiiIllMilllIllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE





Horticulture.





lllIllllIIllIllllllllillllllllllilllll





fillllillllllllllllIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllll||Ill|llllllllllIIll||llillllllllllllIlll|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|||IllIll|lllllllIllllllllllllll||lIllllllllllll|lIlllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllillflllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIE





CARING FOR NEWLY PLANTED

TREES.





 





I will suppose that the trees from

the nurseries have been rightly plant-

ed—the tree balanced by root and

top pruning, fine rich surface soil

firmed around the roots with the feet,

then the bottom soil filled in around

the tree so the union of the bud and

stock is a little below the level of the

ground. When the fruit grower has

thus planted the tree, he must not

think he has done his whole duty and

go off and leave it to withstand ad-

verse conditions and take care of it-

self. Most trees die from such treat-

ment, and it is a fact that, on account

of neglect more than one-half of the

trees sent out by nurseries never

bear profitably. ,

The little trees we plant are only

bundles of possibilities. They have

strong cell life that will first send

out little fibrous feeding roots, hence

the need of fine rich soil close at

hand. Water is the vehicle that car-

ries this food in the soil into the

structures and the more water the

soil absorbs up to the point of free

water, the more favorable are the

conditions for immediate growth.

There are two things one may do as

soon as the tree is planted, to con‘

serve soil moisture. One is mulching

close around the trees and the other

is frequent cultivation. In locations

where it is not practical to cultivate

close around new set trees every few





days, it is policy to place a thick





mulch of strawy manure, or other

material around the tree to prevent

surface evaporation.



The Importance of Moisture.





The tree builds leaves through

which it gets from the atmosphere

about nine—tenths of its food. It must

first get the one-tenth from the soil

before it can take the nine-tenths

from the atmosphere. Thus it fol-

lows that cultivation and mulching in

conserving moisture enables the tree

to use a larger leaf surface, and

therefore will grow more rapidly. We

closely top-prune a tree when plant-

ing it, to prevent excessive transpira-

tion of water from its roots through

its leaves. The larger water supply

at the roots, the less we need to top-

prune a tree. and consequently the

larger leaf—feeding surface.



The writer has for a few years

been planting orchards. Last spring

200 fruit trees and many ornamentals

were planted during so severe a

drouth that the soil was dry several

feet down, and an almost rainless

summer followed. Every tree lived

and made a very good growth. The

inter-crop grown in the newly set

orchard was strawberries. Nearly

every week we went through the

strawberries with a horse cultivator

and hoes, and when hoeing the straw-

berries we hoed the trees, keeping a

dust mulch around them all the time.

Inter-crops that need to be frequently

cultivated will be grown in this or-

chard. until it comes nearly into full

bearing, then cultivation will be kept

up from early spring until July, when

a cover crop will be sown to be plow-

ed under the following spring. I

would not plant an orchard unless I

could give the trees thorough cultiva-

tion in the way I have described. In

western New York I have seen apple

trees that had been thoroughly culti-

vated by growing cabbage and other

crops between them, that at eight

years of age were bearing the third

consecutive crop. I have seen four-

year-old cherry trees bearing a very

fair crop, and a large peach orchard

three years old that Lestimated had

one bushel ‘1 per tree,'.a_nd_ pears. flve





\





and six years old, bearing fully as

much as the peach trees. These

were the results of good cultivation

and feeding. I have seen trees in sod

ground twice as old as these men-

tioned that had hardly commenced to

come into bearing.

Pruning Young Trees.



As to pruning young trees, the writ-

er buys one-year—old trees so they

can be headed 10W, perhaps 12 to 18

inches from the ground. Then, in a

general way, he lets them grow, as

he does not believe in too much prun-

ing with high cultivation, excessive

cutting of branches reduces the leaf

surface, and will reduce the growth

of the trees and make more liable im-

mature growth. Branches too close

together are cut out, and some in the

center if too dense. A great deal de-

pends on the kind of tree, variety,

soil, and culture. Trees should not

be over-fed with nitrogenous fertil-

izers. If making tender wood too

rapidly apply phosphoric acid and

potash, preferably in wood ashes.

Try to keep the tree vigorous and

growing steadily.



New York. W. H. JENKINS.





MONEY IN APPLES.





 





It has been said that a. single apple

tree. under favorable conditions, has

been known to produce more dollars

than can be derived from an acre of

hay; from two apple trees more dol-

lars than from an acre of corn; from

three apple trees more dollars than

from an acre of potatoes.



At first thought this may seem im-

possible, but there are many fruit

growers all over the state obtaining

just such results.



D. W’. Wadsworth, Bangor, Mich.,

picked 64 bushels of S‘pies from a

single tree. One year, from 11 Bald-

win trees, be packed 144 barrels.

W’akeman & Son, Bangor, picked 300

barrels of Northern Spies from 33

trees, which sold for $1,105. Ralph

Ballard, Niles, Mich, last fall sold

his eight-acre crop of Duchess apples

for $4,000, on the trees, or an average

of $500 per acre. We have sold

irimes Golden for $3.25 per barrel

on the packing table when the crop

would average seven barrels to the

tree. ‘



Michigan is well located in refer-

ence to markets, and during the last

few years thousands of dollars have

been made by Michigan apple growers.



Van Buren Co. A. HAMILTON.





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT





 





Pruning Apple Trees.





I have an orchard which has not

been trimmed for several years ex-

cept to have some of the smaller

twigs cut. There is no expert pruner

hereabouts so we wish to do the

work ourselves. Can you give me

some information as to what parts

should be removed and What is the

latest date at which this work may

be done?



Huron Co. J. M.





The cutting out'of the smaller twigs

without reference to the general wel-

fare of the tree, is a common fault of

those who do not understand the

principles of pruning. Such pruning

does injury instead of good, as it de-

stroys a lot of valuable bearing sur-

face and does not accomplish the

objects of pruning.



Pruning is for the purpose of cut-

ting. out excessive parts so that the

remaining parts can reach their high-

est development and thus bring the

tree to its maximum efficiency. It is

also for the purpose of letting the

proper amount of sunlight in the





'trees so that the fruit can properly





color up, and .. also to ass‘ist in the.





 





mink“ J, 1' .4 ‘ ‘ -. / ~. .‘ 3. “if.





APRIL 25, 1914.





control of fungous diseases.

ling the height and shape of the tree

so as to facilitate picking and spray-

ing, is the most important factor in

pruning, from' the economic stand-

point.



Pruning should be from the top

down, rather than from the bottom





up, as the object is to have‘the full L





bearing surface of the tree without

any waste of scaffold or main limbs.

In most cases it is advisable to cut

out the larger limbs where necessary,

instead of trimming out a lot of fine

brush. This is especially advisable

where the varieties are late in com-

ing into bearing, as the fruit buds are

formed on the shorter growths and

the object is to conserve all of the

fruit buds possible. Where the tree

tends to overhear, the cutting out of

some of the smaller growth would

thin out some of the fruit buds and

in that way help in checking exces-

sive bearing. .



By no means let anyone trim the

limbs bare of twigs as far up as he

can reach. Neither should anyone be

allowed to do excessive pruning in

one part of the tree and neglect the

other, unless to remove a prominent

part of the tree which causes it to

be ill shaped. With but few excep-

tions the pruning should be distrib-

uted throughout the tree.



There is an old saying that one

should prune when the knife is sharp,

which has a lot of truth in it and

goes to show that one had better

prune any time than not at all. The

best time, however, is to prune in

March or early in April as, for quick

healing purposes, the wounds should

be made as close to the time that the

sap starts flowing as possible. It is

also an advantage to prune when the

trees are dormant, as one can see

better what to do.





EXAMINE TREES FOR PLANT

LICE.





 





The apple trees should be examin-

ed at this time for plant lice eggs.

These are small, oval and shining

black objects which are most often

found in the rough places on the

twigs and partly protected by the

bud scales. If the eggs are found,

use some commercial tobacco extract

with the early lime-sulphur and ar-

senate of lead sprays. Good results

may be had by using it in the just

before and immediately after blos-

SOIII sprays.





FRUIT GROWERS DISCUSS APPLE

PRODUCTION.



The regular monthly meetin‘r of the

Oakland County Horticultural hSociety

was held in conjunction with the

monthly meeting of the Wixom

Farmers’ Club, at Wixom, April 8

1914. ’



The president of the Horticultural

Soc1ety, Mr. C. S. Bingham, read a

paper which was a report of the

Horticultural Department at the re-

cent Institute at the M. A. C. The

paper contained many valuable hints

and suggestions for fruit growers.



Mr. F. A. Wilken, of the Michigan

Farmer editorial staff, gave a very in-

teresting talk on ‘Special Tools for

Fruit Raisers.” The talk was replete

With definite information for fruit

growers who are seeking information

as _to how the work of setting and

caring for the orchard can be pen

formed to the best advantage.



A short paper was read, prepared

by C. S. Bartlett, of Pontiac, on-

“What Farm Organizations Can do

for Oakland County.” The paper

plead for united efforts on the part of

the various farmers’ organizations in

order to make a “Better Oakland."



In answer to the question, “Is the

Apple Industry Likely to be Over-

done?” R. J. Coryell, of Birmingham,

said, No! Two-thirds of the increase

in population in the state is in De-

troit, and the present population is

not nearly all supplied with good

fruit. ‘ -

The fact was brought out during the

general discussion, that the Flint

Brothers have been getting $10 per

barrel for their extra apples during

the past winter. Such prices cer-

tainly ought to encourage fruit. grow;

ers to make an effort to produce frint'





of finequalit‘y... ,. . ..-...; E"





»<.





Control- \-





 





w—T‘
' "1' Saran; 25.1614»; ‘ '





5 Write for Free Kctelog oi

the World's Best





5&10°Bargains





our

boot a a 10 cent have?!“ 3“}:- ‘eii'i? onimx'i

n on ma.

lea modernbthoenteta-einy ot’trhome.





Kresge’ c Free Katalog Is ,

Full of Bargains Like Thls:





c SPLENDID

QUALITY

PERCALE





herd-

we: end ”bun-rigdcc of o lee?- useful





and do}!

we... and locking

overflowin-





 





Bah.

S. S. IIIIESGE 00., Detroit, Mich.





MWnflP-Iodl’oetl end 10 mm

' rmlwc





 





 





 

 





 

 





THE Southeastern





 

 

 





FARMERS





producers. Each year $32,-

.000 worth of Northern

dairy products are shipped in-

WANTED to the South. on can make

money in thls many crop. nll

.. the your. razing country.

Ample rain. irrigation unneces-

“17)de winters pand pleasant summers make

living enjoyable and highly profitable.

GOOD LAND $15 AN ACRE UP

produces heavy yields of alialis. clover, corn. wheat.

fruit kand truck. Profitable local

eater thansu

Altalie klet. the





   

   

   





 

   

 

 





 





 

   

   





 





‘PSouthern . ‘1





   





 





 





.. Electric

ee MAIN Lighting

llll and power plants.

L?) 5'32 “skim? 3.3

- cheapest. Our





 





ev ricer are right.

rite for cute-

logos at once





lain Electric lfgto.

Pitts!) ll 1" 9





HusilerslakeNolice





THE MICHIGAN FARMER has





 





 





 





an opening for a few hustlers



to solicit subscriptions. An

easy selling proposition is given to

the solicitor and an extra large com-

mission paid so that any hustler

can make $25 to $35 per week. Write

at once for full particulars to



THE MICHIGAN FARMER,

Detroit, Michigan.





 





 





166 lcrc Illa IlrIiIoIl Fare M, mgmmmg

low. Ola loam. Flowiniwell.





hence. barns. etc. Hear

me. Will divide to cult.





. Elect

m“ T" 3"“ BMC..'Mlolt. Mich.





Jamee A.





POULTRY—T00 LATE T0 CLASSIPY.





Hammond





Enos ros mums. rum rug-1:: um saga-lbw:

risl hi“ mama‘s. 3.1mm MI..." urchin." ,

Eda: Hill “Will's—€510“. muffin“ mm 15'





‘MBB CALVIN 317111.311.





 





THE MICHIGAN





IElllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllLfi





Farmers’ Clubé





L‘="{llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll”=’J

THE FARM LABOR PROBLEM.





Elll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllh:





 





(Continued from last week).



I think I have touched sufficiently

upon causes of scarcity of help on the

farm, but lest someone think I have

omitted a most important one, I will

mention the financial question. The





‘ prime cause of the above, in the opin-





ion of many is, I know, poor pay on

the farm, good pay in the many new

industries, such as auto factories,

which are surely carrying away many

of our rural workers. But after care-

ful thought and injury, I disagree.

The competent, willing farm hand

now can easily get $35 per- month for

nine months and $15 at least for the

other three, his board, his room, his

laundry, the use of a horse and rig,

and other home privileges, or $30 and

the rest and his horse kept. If he is

not money ahead, he will at least

have as much as the factory hand,

say in Detroit, who usually get $2.25

per day and is “docked” for the half-

day Saturday that the factory is clos-

ed, and for time lost when the ma-

chine needs repairing, burns out or

what not, who pays at least $5 per

week for board and room, and for

laundry and car fare besides. The

farm hand takes a day, or part of a

day, off frequently and on full pay.

He has much greater variety in his

work. He is not under the constant

nervous tension of getting a required

amount done. As to the hours, those

of many a farm hand are no worse

than those required in factories, ten

hours per day and two hours three

nights out of the week, and these

hours are one steady unceasing grind

to accomplish their “stint.”



But what can the farmer do to al-

leviate present conditions? As Roose-

velt says, “No country life can be sat-

isfactory when the owners of farms

tend, for whatever reason, to go away

to live in cities instead of working

their farms, and moreover it cannot

be really satisfactory when the labor

system is so managed that there is

for part of the year a demand for la-

bor that cannot be met, and during

another part of the year, no demand

for labor at all, so that the farmers

tend to rely on migratory laborers

who come out to work in the country

with no permanent interest in it, and

no prospect of steady employment.

It is exceedingly difficult to make a

good citizen out of a man who cannot

count upon some steadiness and con-

tinuity of the work which means to

him his livelihood. Economic condi<

tions on the farm, the variety and

kind of crop growing as distributed

in time and the housing for the men,

must be so shaped that the farm lab-

orer can be steadily employed under

conditions which foster self-respect

and tend for his development. Condi-

tions must be so shaped that the

farmer's wife and the laborer’s wife

are not mere drudges; instead, new

machines must be introduced to econ-

omize labor within the house.”



(Continued next week).





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





A New Lease of Life—The Central

Farmers’ Club, after having apparent

1y given up the ghost, came to, and

has taken a new lease of life. Feb-

ruary 19 the men served an oyster

dinner to about 70 at the home of

Mr. and Mrs Chas. Ludwick, after

which a fine program of music, reci-





tations, and two excellent papers was.





given. On March 19 nearly as large

an, attendance was present at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Lang-

don. An excellent paper on “Hog

Raising," by James Shirras. and one

by D. G. Locke, on “The Tax Com-

mission,” were discussed quite exten-

sively. Mrs. Jennie Gleason then

'read an interesting paper in verse on

mm“0ur Community Life. " Question b0x





 





roved an interesting feature. Club

Recidedto holds picnic in August.—





 





FARMER





ElmllllllllIlllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll? 'llllllEnl





: Grange.





El|IlllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi



Our Motto:—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





llllllllllllllllllllllllll“=13





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





At the Plymouth Grange meeting,

held Thursday, April 11, 25 candidates

were given the third and fourth de-

grees. The work was given,during

the forenoon and a dinner was serv-

ed at noon. The afternoon was divid-

ed between a social time and the fol-

lowing program: Music; recitation

by Louise Spicer; ‘The Rural School

Problem, Mr. Isbell; “Sense in the

Kitchen,” Olive Brown; surprise fea-

ture by the married men; music.

piano solo, Mrs. Roberts and Miss

Powell.





Four candidates received the third

and fourth degrees at the .April 17

meeting of Prospect Grange. The fol-

lowing program was thoroughly en-

joyed by all present: Roll call, a

verse of scripture; question, “How

can we best co-operate with our best

home dealers ?” Roy Brown; question,

“What do you think of the consoli-

dated school system?” E. L. Hunter;

recitation, Esther Scheels; question,

“Do you think it pays to treat our

potatoes for blight?” D. A. Hager;

music, Hazel Hager and Eddie Ives;

reading, Norris Perkins; question, “Is

it proper for the mother or the chil-

dren to be served first in the home?"

GraCe Hunter.



Ernest G. Pray, master of Eaton

County Pomona Grange, was the

guest of honor of Bellevue Grange at

the enthusiastic and interest first Ap-

ril meeting that opened with one of

the finest dinners ever spread in E3.-

ton county. In addressing the Grange,

Mr. Pray urged strong and close or-

ganization and that the members

strive always to establish better co-

operation among themselves. He said

that the Eaton County Granges were

just now at the high tide of success

and that it was just the time when

great watchfulness was needed. He

complimented the Bellevue Grange on

its good showing at the meeting and

on its comfortable hall, and said that

the day was past when farmers need-

ed to quail at being called “Reubens.”

“The farmer now-a-days can hold up

his head and walk with pride in any

company,” said Mr. Pray, “and you

here belong to one of the best com-

munities of the state. We have never

yet felt the full strength of the

Grange, but we are gradually coming

to recognize it. When I was in VVash-

ington recently at a Grange confer-

ence, several congressmen called at

my hotel to see me because I repre~

sented your Grange organization. A

feW years ago this would not have

happened. Now the legislators are

seeking to know what we want, be-

cause we have the strongest and best

organization in the commonwealth,

and because our principles are broad

and not narrow, because we are in

a position to do the greatest good to

the greatest number.” Others par-

ticipating in the program were: Mrs.

Albert Miller, who gave a recitation,

and Mrs. William Charles, Jr., who

gave a reading.





Sodus Grange, No. 123, of Berrien

county, has been holding lively meet-

ings all winter. This Grange occu-

pies a prominent part in the social

and intellectual life of Sodus, and is

exerting an influence toward the mor-

al well being of the community. The

interest is so good that even bad

weather does not prevent a good at.

tendance.





 





GRANGES ORGANIZED.





 





Following is the record of the num-

ber of Granges organized and re- or.





 





ganized in the various states from

January, 1914, to March 31,1914

Organized.



Missouri . . . . . 4 New Jersey . .. 1

Montana ...... 10 North Dakota. 9

Nebraska . . . . .29 New York . . . .12

California . . . . 4 Ohio . . . . . . . . ..29



Colorado . . . . . 3 Oregon .......

Indiana . . . . . . 2 Pennsylvania .18

Iowa . ....... 11 South Dakota . 12

Kansas ....... 26 Vermont ...... 1



Maine .. 1 Washington . ..

Maryland ..... 2 West Virginia. 1

Massachusetts. 3 Wisconsin . . . . 9

Michigan . . . . .12 Wyoming . . . . . 3

Minnesota . 1 _

‘ Total ......220



Flo-organized.



Colorado . . . . . 1 Pennsylvania .. 2

Montana 1 South Dakota.. 3

()th o o v c o c e e co .

m D I I‘. O .011





Dragon cocoon-n 2





 





part

— géfii‘d'dd'i-i timers?

Inca. 91mm?





23-487





5 ave Bi g Money n





Roofing

'4' .IIR‘HM|:/, , / '

_ , . v /

“ ‘uruvuvuvuvu'vu'u‘ .

uuuuuuupu





. l V l I V I

v y I I \ V I y I , \

uuuuuuum ,,

'MMNNNNMUW I

.





 





Protect Your L' litnin

Buildings 53"“ g





Kanneberg





Steel Shingles





"We pay the freight' '





are fireproof, weatherproof, cold and heat-proof.



Cheaper than wood shingles and easier and quicker to

lay. Do not rot. curl, crack. buckle nor fall ofi. Need

no repairs. Always look well. Water-tight lock-joint

permits laying on low pitch roots. Any one can put

them on.



Every Shingle Guaranteed. Made of full 28- gauge

steel, painted or galvanized and come singly. eight to J





 





 





sheet or in clusters. 5 it. x 2 it. .

Buy Direct at factory price Or- ,0

ders shipped day received. We pay the knight. '0

You know steel roofs are best. Get the 0

right kind and save money. 0' 'Klnfllbfli

Sand for the New Big Catalog and .01402Donglu5‘l

make your choice from the many de- .0 cam“ II.

7





signs and sizes. It shows how to

get the best root for least money. '9 Send catalog

Seud'l‘odey o and sample

Knnneberc Roofing & o" shingle to

~ Cei' '86 '0

Ext. 0

I402 n’omu gm» 0 ch-.......... ..............





mum. 0'





O

— Address ..............................





. LIGHTNING nuns

9c PER Poor





1 Boot Quality Copper—Extra Heavy Cable



‘ System guaranteed satisfactory or your



: money back. Just write I). postal for our



Proposition and FREE Catalog which



makes everything plain.



The J. A. Scott Company

Dept. I Detroit. Mich.





Farms and Farm Lands For 8an





“All!” to hear of good farm or unimproved land

for sale. Send description and rises

Northwestern Business Agency. Minneapolis. inn





FOR SALE—In whole or part. 320 acre

Southern Michigan term. Good



soil. buildin and fences. Must sell soon.



0. 8. 8011A RER. 214 Dewey Ave. SwIssvale. Pa.





 





 





 





 





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS





Near Saginaw and Bay City. in Gladwin and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Easy terms: Ole arti tie. Write

for maps and nrticulars STAF' FELD BRO THERE,

15 Merrill Bui ding, Saginaw. (W. 8. ). Michigan.





6000 ACRES—Rainy Lake Presque Isle Count

Clay loam land, lumbered %)

gears ago. Easily cleared. $10 totl250 per acre.

mall payment. loin“ time. Also... -ncre ranch and

partly improved arm. No crop failures orfl

Grain, grass. fruit vegetables and live stock returns

challenge com erson. N G. R owner.

Rainy Lake cttlement, P. 0. Millersburg. Mich.





FARMS, GOOD. CHEAP, PROFITABLE.





UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES NOVI'.

State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware.





—Two crops :1 year here.

SOUTH IiEIllIIill FIRMS mm... New 00,0“, of

Ohio and Michigan Farmers. Vir in soils, on railroad.

write for folder today. WAYN DEVELOPMENT

COMPANY. Owners, Grand Bldg..Brunswick.Geor-gin.





 





 





 





 





Excellent land in Minnesota

lllvemgfite This- North Dakota. Montana, Idaho.

Washington and Oregon—adjacent to the Northern

Pacific Railway-the best. develo sections of the

Northwest: obtainable at low prIces. State land on

Io payments deeded land on em payment plan;

3330 climate. good schools—no Inclined pioneering.



nd for literature saying what state most interests

you. L. J. BR ICKER. Gen. Immi Act" 380

Northern Pacific By.. St. Paul. inn.





VIRGINIA FARMS





You can become happy and independent form—

ing in Virginia, You can grow profitably alfalfa.

and all rasses. corn, fruits. grains. beef and dairy

cattle. ir inia boasts the finest apple growing

section in t 6 world. Farms :15 per acre and up.

We welcome you. Write now for booklets. maps

and other literature.





G. W. KOINER.

State Commissioner oi Aer" Richmond.Vn.





McClure-Stevens land Co.





Successors to A. J. Stevens A 00. Established 1883





Farm. Fruit and Stock Lands. We 0(1)



of choice unimproved land in Glaggvlln 1find Old-1?:

counties. Sold on easy payments. Interest 8 percent

Write for information.





Gladwin, M lchigan.

Stock and Tools Includeditfii 3:13,“. fi;€2.°§‘n.h4%“xttz





garment. silo: fruit: 2miles railroad town: 7oows.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





nee, hens; binder. plows, barrows. mower rake.

hon envy w ns. bucgolanleig hanumerous other things.

all for clones threeand live





Lady owns it. must 30. Catalog n nbe 102 '

Farm Agency. Owego. Tiogn (12.. Nzw York?“ .





 





34200 Buy: Farm Complete

Team. 10 Cows. Full Equipment



Good lit-acre Mlmoney- ~makin¢ form. all stocked and

equipped. no “gator business. you can move in today

and make rod immediately: only if mile to store

ce. )4 mile to station and creamer-y: level



productive sored splendid pastures. 15» acres

otztruit n; roon onse.m barn for 19 cows: low





011.00 cows. amen.

min. valuable machine . atools. all ”091’.“ only

Tm " not out. cop t'e

jihfiion mllnlon
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





ou Pay Too Much





' When You Pa More

or T1res "





Than Goodyear Prices

Prices on Goodyear No-Rim-Cut tires





have dropped 28 per cent in the past year

alone.





   

   





More Mileage





Will higher-cost tires give more mileage?

We have had scores of experts working for

years to build a tire that gives more mile-

age. They are in our department of research

and experiment. They have made thou~

sands of tests. And they say that N o-Rim-

Cut tires as made today mark the limit in

tire mileage.





   

 





Some other tire makers have not met

these reductions. But let us see if those

high prices mean better tires.





   

   

   

   

   





In No-Rim-Cut tires you get these four

features found in no other tire in the

world:





   

   

 





And note this: In late years, when most

cars carried odometers for measuring tire

mileage, No-Rim-Cut tires have outsold any

other. In 1913 we sold eleven times as many

as in 1909. And all because of mileage rec- \

ords on perhaps 400,000 cars.





The Real Reason





It is easy to build tires to cost less than

Goodyears. It is simply impossible to build

a tire worth more.





 

   





The 126 braided wires in the tire base—

the only way known to make a satisfactory

tire that can’t rim-cut.





The “On-Air Cure.” That is, each tire is

final-cured on an air Lag shaped like an inner

tube. That is done to save the countless

blow-outs due to wrinkled fabric. And it

adds to our tire cost $1,500 per day.





The Rivet Fabric

breaker strip, for the

rights to which we paid

$50,000. It lessens, by

60 per cent, the danger

of loose treads.



The All-Weather

Tread. A double—thick

tread of very tough rub-

ber. As smooth as a

plainrtread on dry roads,

but a sharp anti-skid on





wet.



Note that no other 00D

tire, whatever the price, AKLBONE QAUIOR

No-Rim-Cut Tires





With All-Weather Treads or Plain





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





   





_ The reason for our

prices lies in mammoth

output—the largest in

the world. It lies in

efficiency which results

from years of tire-~

making. It lies in small

profits. Our profit last

year averaged 6% per

cent.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





\





     





 





Let these tires show

you what they save in

trouble, save in upkeep

to hundreds of thou-

sands of users.





   

   





offers one of these

costly and tire-saving

features.





THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY, Akron, Ohio





Toronto, Canada London, England Mexico City, Mexico

Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities DEALERS EVERYWHERE Write Us on Anything You Want in Rubber





(1480)





   

 





Goodyear dealers

are everywhere.





   

 





 





 





 





   

   

 

 





 





 





 





Absolutely Guaranteed for

2 F all Years





 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





It Shows You

How to Save $25.00 to $40.00





Don't doubt this! Send for this book and prove it ‘90 y0urself! Do that toda I



It costs you nothing. 20b0, .000 m5? Rigow bh t fiefi‘ence thtalt’lihligsisbgg'l’c ngylzagy a:

sat $25. 00 to $40. 00 on every 1131;)? e oug er 1ey o e



lthe best buggies made—just as you wil. Buggies made 0 the finest Second- Growth Bockory—





i-l’iifée“€ies?ai§3ua3helps SPLIT HICKORYIBUGGY





: k f tt a fine bu -—better than others your friends pa $25. 00 to $40. 00 more for. A

~ Thinbugggethdggwill makeggiii the envy of all (your fellows. Thinh of getting it tto try out on

" ' /\i\ ‘ the road free for 20 days and guarantee for 2 years! bwri?1§i’: Ehis boottt l ty h

”:2! ’4. 'IZ'S ’ A d Ph 1 s ofi‘e ou the choice of an immense num er 0 ug y s y es 0 c oose

‘ ‘ ‘ r 9/ \ n fiogeth 3111.318] local carriage shops‘ ‘rolled into one” could ever show you. Address,





CPheIps, President. The Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co... Station 32' Columbus. Ohio





/» (1?" § film.





5 Self AdJusting

Leverleaa

A l I Flexible Steel





”Ell THIS IS THE

TOOTH THAT DOES

’ THE BUSINESS





It actually cuts. Makes aflnel'

Pull out than any other Harrow, and

Either the Wide, Upper Face gives Cul-

Way tlvator Action. For Slanting

Cut, bitch to the other end.

N0 LEVERS. N0 ADJUSTING. Simple—

Strong—Everlasting. All SteeIuCan t get out of

order. Try it at our risk. WE Should Worry.

The kind of harrow you have 51-

ways wanted. WRITE NOW.

If no SAL Hat-rows nnw in

your township. we have _ ; ','

a special proposition for / /

You. The Welding ’ ’ ’

00., Defiance, Ohio





 

   

   

   

   

   

   





   

 





 

 

 





H. C. Phelps, 5'

President \





 

 





 

 





 





 





 





JP





 

 





   





Get full measure of Home value Cut down your building cost. Free your-

self from exorbitant lumber prices and the expensive. old fashioned way of building. Send

I01 Lewis plan book. It shows the modern way.



Lewis Easy- Built Homes are shipped direct to you—ready to put up. Every piece is sawed and

worked to lit. '1 be planning. designing. all the detail of figuring' is lifted from your shoulders. You

save your own time. architects“ fees. contractors‘ profits and get a better home.

$248 00 d Lewis Easy Built Homes offer you a big choice of cottares. bungalows and



an up. dwellings of all kinds—each a masterpiece of con- .

struction. Shipped complete direct to you—Easyv Built Homes are made of the

best grades of lumber. Atour prices we furnish all lumber. millwork. hardware.

paints and plaster—all sawed and worked to fit. ready to put up. Complete

working plans with each house. Lewis Easy- Builot Homes are easy to erect.





Send for Money-SavingB “you me mm

to build send for the Lewis Easy- Built book. It shows

you every kink oi the building game. It tells you





m how to build efficiently—better and for less





 

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

 

   





 

 

 





 

   





money. Get this valuable book. Every home

builder should have it. A postage stamp will save

on many dollars. Send for book today.





ms Mutual-161mm ‘51





   

 

 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





APRIL 25, 1914.





I





Don’t Take Chances on

a Poor Grindstone





Don't spoil your knives.

, axe s, hoes or cutter-bar



blades ori some soft-spotted.

lopsided. cheap stone. That’s

not economy!”





as)



CLEVELAND"STERLING ”

Guaranteed to wear evenly,

grind quickly and ut a.

keen edge on. ads

of the only Berea rock,

exactly the right grit

or fa arm use. Balls

bearing, well-made steel frame. Works like a

bicycle—and just as easy. Every stone personally



selected by our expert judges.





CLEVELAND

Grindstones





We are the biggest producers of ndstones in

the world. We own and operate t s only Berea

quarry. the standard by which all grindstones are

compared. We have 17 other quarries. We’ ve

made firuindsiones for 60 years. 9 out of every 10

ngricu ral implement makers use our stones in

their own shops. They know what's best. We

treat our customers fairlye Money back if any-

thing goes wrong. \IEL4

booklet, “The Grit thatw Grinds," {I}





and name of dealerwho will sup:

ply you. Insist on this trademarfi:

TIIE CLEVELAND STONE (10...“‘





Ill? Lnnrr- Inna 311111.. nurture 0111a $409105,





$325525





Loses you no time in Rush Season. Three sizes—6 to 18

H. P. Sel :feed, with automatic speed control, direct

drive to main cutter-head sh t, 2 8-8 in. in diame

with owerful fan on same shaft Will not break.

ill not clog. Emery wheel attached

Built by manufacturers of ROSENTHAL

CORN IIIISKEIIS AND

SHREDDERS.

Sold on Trlal

and Backed by

; Guaranty.

. Write for catal

State powerus

Rosenthal Corn Husker 00.,3011 2. Milwaukee, W'





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





r0. K. Champion Sprayer.





NSURE the

potatoes and

other

v e g e-

tables.

also

fruitand

treesfrom dis-

ease treesand pests.





ALI. BRASS

double acting high pres-

sure pumng with relief valve. Absolute satis-

faction rite today for our FREE

DESCRIPTIVE LITERATU TURE, ETC.



describing Sprayers, Planters, Diggers, etc.

Dbamplon Potato Machinery 00..

IMChicago Avenue, Hammond, lndlanau





I X L THEM ILL.





QUALITY TELLS





BEST STEEL MILL.





STRONGEST STEEL To 0“30.94140

long 5 t'01y her. Send

logos and prices of our0





POWEHAND PUMPIHG MILLS





I’HELPS 31K BIGELOW WIND MILL 00.





31W;





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





 

   





 

 

 





 





'1l 11"111"1| l"11"11"1‘ '11"1"1"11"11‘ '1"11"1""11"11"11".|‘

II; ’11"l1"11‘l‘IIIIIIIIII‘IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

'1; 1"11"1‘ll1"11"1111"11"11"11"11"11"11"11"11"11"1111“!

.'11"11".1‘l.:l"11"11"1"11"1"1"11"11"11"11"11"1"11"11"11"

Buy direct from our factory. Hundreds of exclu-

sive styles. Wire and Ornamental Iron gamm-

teed Fences for every purpose; GatesB, etc. Write

for Free CatalogfiFirst Order and Earl uyer’ 3 Offer!

Ward l'anoe moo. lea Penn OLE Decatur r. ”.11





   





   

   





a cents/Er Rod IIp





wire Double gai-



to'l. Lowpri ricea

for



catalogand





compare

THE IRON" FINCI C ‘





FARM FENGE





4| INCHES HIGH



100 other styles of 2'

Farm, Poultry and

Lawn Fencing direct GENTS

from factory at save-the-

dealer’ s-proiit-prices. Our A non

large catalog is free.





mascara: 211111111111.) 11111

Get the Facts About





No. 9 Empire

”2112?“ Fence





V. Our book shows you why No.9

Empire and Empire. er' imade of

Open Hearth 3:..th greatb wires.

galvanizedasawire fencesliou “Id be ga vanized,

outlast any soft Bessemer steel fence made.

Illustrates big wires—the strong Empire knot

that holds good as long as the fence. The rust

agof. rot proof, hog tight fence. Write for

k and get money saving fence facts.





BOND S‘I‘IEI. POST COMPANY

16 Maumee Street Adrian. Mlehlgall





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 

 





FMIchlban White Cedar





 





, (11101111113 11‘ can





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