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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural and Live Stock Journal in the State.





VOL. CXXXll. No. 4-

Whole Number 3436.





FARM NOTEs





 





The Management of Muck ,Soll.





I have a. piece of muck land that was

plowed early in the fall, and harrowed

and disced several times before it froze

up. Now would it be advisable to sow

this land to peas. If so, what kind would

be the best to sow, how much to the acre,

and would it be best to sow oats or some

other crop with it to hold the peas up?



Newaygo Co. E B.



I have about 12 acres of muck land

that was burned over last summer, from

four to six inches deep. I have part of it

harrowed, ready for sowing. Muck runs

from one to three feet deep. Some of it

I will have to get in before the frost is

out or wait till June. No water stands

on it. How would it do to sow oats and

peas, about one bushel each per acre on

this that has to be sown early, with po-

tatoes and mangle worzels, also millet

on the balance, or would you advise

something different? Would like to seed

all I can to alsike and timothy. Land

was heavily covered with willows and is

well drained.



Clinton Co. A. L. MCCLINTOCK.





The most profitable method of manag~

ing muck soil is a matter of interest to a

great many farmers who have small areas

of this kind of soil upon their farms. In

a good many cases where the area of

muck is large enough it has been made

the subject of special study and experi-

ment,both as to the special crops to

which it is adapted and the elements of

fertility in which it is lacking, thus mak.

ing its intelligent management and ferti-

lization possible. Where one desires to

grow these special crops, muck soil gives

excellent returns when planted to onions,

celery, cabbage, mint, etc., and by intel-

ligent fertilization and proper cultural

methods will give great yields of these

crops, which make the cultivation of rela-

tively small areas for this purpose very

profitable. But many who have but a

small area of muck land undertake to

devote it to the ordinary crops in the

regular rotation maintained upon the bal-

ance of the farm, but generally with dis-

appointment. There are two objections

to this course, one being the danger of

frost in the low places where muck de-

posits occur and the second in the un-

balanced condition of the elements of

fertility in a muck soil, which in itself

leads to unsatisfactory results. Muck

soils contain an excess





DETROIT, MICH.. SATURDAY, JANUARY 23. 1909.





 





A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF THE WEEK.





Is It' Profitable?—A brief answer to a general question which many farmers

might profitably ask themselves With regard to many practices ........... 70



Some Fertilizer Questions—A general answer to the question of the fertilizer

formulas which should be used for different crops on different soils .71





The Live Stock Meeting.——-Report of the 18th annual meeting of the Michigan

"0-





 





 





 





 





Improved Live Stock Breeders' and Feeders’ Association .. ............ 1..- 5

Fitting Fine Wool Sheep for the Fairs.———Views of a practical breeder and ‘

exhibitor on the growing and fitting of home bred stock ................ 75

The Covered Barnyard for Cows.—Some reasons why the plan is not con-

sidered practical for the average dairy farmer ........................... 76

Profitable Egg Production Under Present Conditions.-—High prices for grain

makes necessary unusual care and skill in feeding ....................... 78 .

Hints on Home Hive Making. —HOW the beekeeper may utilize leisure hours

and odds and ends of material to advantage .............................. 78

Renovating Old and Run Down Orchards. —A review of the essential 0pm :1—

tions needed in thousands of orchards over Michigan .. ................. 82

of starch in plants and is primarily con- fertilization, produee an abundance of

cerned in the development of fruits and foliage and but little grain which will





mature. It has been found that this diffi-

culty can be overcome to a considerable





Thus the

grown on muck soil





ordinary farm crops,

without any





seeds.

when





 





 





 





 





 





Reminders of Last Winter.—Scene on a Highway in Hillsdale County.





75 CENTS A YEAR

$1.50 THREE YEARS





extent by moderately heavy applications

of fertilizers rich in potash, and which

contain a reasonable amount of available

phosphoric acid. By this means, owing

to the abundant supply of nitrogen in

muck soil and its inexhaustible supply of

humus, where the mineral elements of

fertility, particularly potash, are liber—

ally applied, the special crops enumerated

may be grown for a long series of years

and give good yields. Experiments also

show that corn and other grain crops

may be matured upon muck soil by this

means in favorable years, at least after

a portion of the available nitrogen has

been ehausted by crops which feed

heavily upon that element of fertility.

It is for these reasons that it is good

economy to seed a muck soil down to

timothy and red top. and such other

grasses as are adapted to it, to be used

as a permanent meadow so long as the

land will give a good yield, which will

generally be for several years provided

the soil is well prepared and thickly

seeded. These grasses require liberal

feeding with nitrogen to produce a good

stem and leaf growth and, as it is not

desired to produce seed, the excess of

available nitrogen in the muck soil can

thus be utilized in the growth of profit«

able crops of hay, without expensive fer-

tilization, and ultimately leave the soil in

better condition for the growing of other

crops on this account. Consequently, we





believe that where it is not desired to

undertake the cultivation of special crops

adapted to muck soils. the best way to

handle a muck soil where only a limited

area is included in the farm is to seed

down as above noted for a permanent

meadow for a few years, then handle it

in the regular crop rotation with the

balance of the fields in which it may

occur with a judicious use of fertilizer





as advised.



The best way to seed muck land for a

permanent meadow is to work it down

thoroly during the spring and early sum—

mer and sow a liberal quantity of seed

during July or August, without any nurse





 





of nitrogen, stored in

them in the process of

formation by the decay-

ing of large masses of

vegetable growth; but

for like reasons they are

correspondingly deficient

in the mineral elements

of fertility. Many muck

soils contain as much

as three per cent of nit-

rogen. They nearly al«

ways contains relatively

small, the varying

amounts of phosphorus,

and are quite generally

almost destitute of pot—

ash. Now the effect of

this unbalanced condi-

tion of the elements of

fertility is readily ap-

parent.



The office of nitrogen

in the economy of the

plant is to promote the

growth of stems and

leaves, rather than of

flowers and fruits. An

abundance of nitrogen

in the soil is denoted by

the deep green color of

the foliage of any grow-

ing crop, a character—

istic which isvery no-

ticeable on muck soil.



On the other hand,

potash is the source





Farm





 





crop. \Vhen wull drained ulsike clover

may be made a factor in the stand of

grass as sugg csted by one of the above

inquiries. but it is questionable whether

it is profitable to in-

clude it execpt for the

purpose of inscreusing

the feeding value of the

buy.

01" course, oats and

peas may be sown as a.

forage crop, but for the

I‘I‘usons above noted the

results with this crop,

or in fact, with any





other crop grown in the





regular crop rotation a re

not lilicly to be as sat—

isfactory as the grasses

which may be. sown on





this kind

permanent

Kinny





of land for a,



m on do w .

farmers have

been disappointed in

the crops St't'lll‘wi from

muck soils, simply be—

cause they have failed

to take into considera-

tion their unbalanced

condition so far as the

essential plant foods are

concerned and either

grow crops which are

best adapted to that

condition or remedy it

by intelligent fertiliza-

tion, or both.



Potatoes may also be

successfully grown on

muck soils and by the





 





 





 





Home of Caleb Fairbanks, of Tuscola 00., with





Plenty of “The Beautiful" In Evidence.





addition of potash fer-

tilizers large yields may





‘
70 - (2)

be obtained in well drained muck. SOme





of the most successful onion growers use"





potatoes as the first crop in a rotation

to clean the ground for the onion crop.

The writer knows of one very successful

onion grower who maintained a rotation

of potatoes, cabbage and onions, plowing

and fertilizing only for the onion crop

and preparing‘the soil for the other'crops

by surface cultivation, which reduced the

trouble from weeds in the onion crop, an

important item on a muck soil.





Cats in the Crop Rotation.



Would you advise sowing oats after

oats? I have manure enough to cover

field this winter. Soil is clay; will plow

In spring.



Kent Co. SUBSCRIBER.



It is not the best of farm practice to

plant the same crop two years in suc-

cession. The whole theory of a crop ro-

tation is against this practice. The best

rotations for Michigan are those in which

some deep rooting, gross feeding crops,

like corn or potatoes follows a clover

crop. These find the soil in a loose and

open condition, and well stored with plant

‘food, and their cultivation will leave it

comparatively well stored with readily

available plant food and in the best pos-

sible condition for the growing of small





grains, such as oats or wheat. These

latter, however, are surface feeding





crops and rapidly exhaust the soil which

is reached by their roots, of its readily

available plant food, hence the wisdom

of again seeding it to clover as quickly

as possible.



On the heavier soils which are adapted

to their growth, oats are ordinarily fol-





lowed by wheat or some other winter

grain in which clover may be seeded





with more certainty of success, but while

the habits of growth of these grains are

Similar, yet they draw from the elements

of fertility in a little different proportion

and the fertility of the soil is left in bet-

ter balance than where any one of the

crops is grown in successive ycars upon

the same soil. Of course, on a fairly fer-

tile soil which is plowed and a new sur~

face fitted, oats may be grown with

fairly good success for two or three suc-

cessive years, and with proper fertiliza-

tion might be made to follow indefinitely,

but the stable manure can be more eco-

nomically uscd upon ground which is

intended for corn than upon the bare

land which will be sown to some crop in

which to seed clover again next spring.

For this reason we believe it would be

better to use the manure in that way,

and to vary the rotation by sowing this

land to peas and oats, instead of to oats

alone. This makes a valuable forage

crop, which can be utilized for dit‘i'crcnt

purposes, it being adapted to the making

of hay, or to the maturing of a grain

crop, as the grower may desire, and

upon the licavicr soils where the crops is

uscd to considerable cxlcilt :i grcat many

farmers have succeeded admirably in

seeding to clover with the crop. The

peas will add some nitrogen to the soil,

or at least appropriate from the air all

that is needed to grow the crop, and the

grain secured from this mixturc will

much more valuable as a fccd upon the

farm I)t‘(‘1lll§l‘ of the relatively

large amount of protein containcd in the

pcns, which will makc this grain valuable

for balancing up the ration for thc live

stock. ’I‘hcil by using the stable manure

on sod ground which is to be plowed

this spring as suggested, and applying, if

thot dcsirablc, a rclativcly small amount

of colllmcrcial fcrlilizcr upon the peas

and oats, thc fcrtility of the farm as a.

whole will be conserved and enhanced,

while a gi'czlter bcncl‘it will ultimately be

dcrived from the use of the stable ma-

nure, not only upon the corn or other

clops planted upon the sod ground, but.

ill the small grain crops which are to

fulllHV.





ll \'t‘1'lt,‘.‘,‘(‘,





IS IT PROFITABLE?





 





Many of us farmers get into the habit

of doing our work, and putting in our

crops in a certain way. without stopping

to consider whether there is a better or

more profitable way. It is in this respect

that the agricultural prcss, has become

almost indispensable to every farmer;

because we arc none, of us in the busi-

ncss just for thc fun of it. \Yc not only

want to get fair pay for our labor, but

we want to make a little profit as well.

Or at least we should strive to do so. By

getting the experience of others tl‘ the

agricultural press, “’0 can often profit

by such cxpericncc and thus avoid mis-

takes which wc might otherwise have

made. For this and many other reasons,

which might be mentioned, to my mind it

is not profitable for any farmer to try

to get along without one or more farm





 





QHE MICHIGAN. FARMERj





papers in his home. Of course,'n0'farmer





can control the elements, or prevent

the ravages of insects. but hecan furnish

comfortable q’uarters for his stock and

thus add to his profits, even if he is not

able .to build a modern up-to-date' barn.

And any farmer who can afford to buy

good tools, cannot certainly find it profit-

able not to keep them under cover when

not' in use. If there is not room in the

barn, it does not cost so very much to

build a tool house. On many farms there

is loose boards enough lying around to

build quite a house. The writer has a

tool house built almost entirely out of

broken fence boards. This building is

15x45 feet, and 8 feet high, and cost less

than $25.00, beside my own work. In

this building is stored tools which origi-

nally cost over $500. Some of these tools

have been in use over 20 years, and they

are yet in first class condition. But if

they had been left out of doors for any

longth of time, would have been entirely

worn out or useless long ago. It is not





profitable to try to carry on a. farm, no-





matter how small, without keeping a book

account of some kind. Once get into the

habit of doing so, and my word for it,

every farmer who has never tried it will

find it so satisfactory, as well as profit-

able, that he will not wish to give it up.

I speak from an experience of many

years. It is not profitable toneglect the

little repairs that are always necessary

to be made, in order to keep everything

looking neat and tidy about the farm.

By putting off or neglecting some repairs

we sometimes make the cost double what

it,would have been if attended to in time.

Much of such work can be done during

the winter season, when time is not so

pressing as in the spring. In the winter

or very early spring is a good time to

wash, oil and repair harness, because if





this work is neglected until the busy

season commences it is very liable not





to be done at all.





Ottawa Co. JOHN JACKSON.





 





THE MANURE QUESTION.





 





If there is one thing more than another

that demands the close attention of we

farmers, I think it is the careful hus-

banding of all manures. We were told

at our institute by a state speaker a few

days’ ago that a ton of timothy hay fed

would produce about $7.00 worth of fer-

tilizer, and a ton of ClOVeI‘ would produce

about $8.00 worth. It struck me very

forcibly for I have hot lots of clover hay

at $2 to $5 per ton to ship, farmer to

bozlrd pl‘cssers and deliver at shipping

point, sometimes six or eight miles, which

was certainly a slow way to make money.

No account was taken of the manure

value of the hay, only that seemed to

bc ready money. But a Change has come

to many farmers in Sanilzic county.

More clover hzly is being fed and many

are purchasing more bran and oil meal,

having learned the. manural value of these

fccds and balancing effect on the other

i‘ccds.



Then, many handle their manure very

wastefully. I have in mind a neighbor

who burned a stack of old straw to save

hauling it off. 1 said then, such acts

will turn him off his farm, same man

oflcn left his manure in the yard until

full (illlllgine the waste}. Same man

would grow three crops of oats in sue-

ccssion without manure or cloversced.

He could not be induced to attend a

Filrmers’ Institute or takc a farm jour-

nal. Such farlllcrs seldom like farming

or make a success of it.



“'ith careful handling of manures and

soil it can be made more productive each

ycar. Reports show that millions of d01-

lilrs :ire bcing spent every year in the

I'llilcd States for commercial fcrtilizcr.



lll‘oilier farmers, won’t it pay us big

to have a better system of handling our

nialiilrcs.





Sanilac Co. J. C. FRITCH.





 





SEEDING CLOVER ON SANDY SOIL.





 





In your issue of January 2, replying to

P. M. regarding seeding clover on sandy

land, you say: “Without any doubt it

is better to wait until the ground is set-

tled and barrow in the seed on sandy

land.” \‘l’liile, perhaps, I have no land

that you would call sandy land, much of

it is a sandy loam. I have had far the

best results by sowing Clover seed in the

winter, say December, January or Fcb—

ruary, when the ground is bare and

frozen, the earlier the better. The seed

will then find lodglnent in every crack

or crevice. The wind will blow the sand

over it, so that by spring it will be cov-

ered so deep that it will not grow until

the weather is sufficiently warm that





 





 





there will The comparatively no danger

from frost, and deep enough so that the

sun’s direct rays will not.dry it out. A

few years ago I sowed a part of a. rye

field to clever seed in December, the

balance of the field I concluded to leave

until spring and sow and drag, so I had

my (SO-tooth drag sharpened, dragged the

ground over, sowed on the seed and cross-

draggcd it and waited for results. It was

a very bad year for seeding, but I had a.

very fair catch where I sowed in Decem-

ber; but where I sowed in spring and.

dragged in, scarcely a seed grew. I lost

my seed and two days’ work with my

team when I ought to have been working

at other work, besides wearing out my

drag. At this writing the ground is bare

and frozen, and just as soon as it gets

warm and still enough, I shall sow my

clover seed. I never had a failure when

sown in this way.



Lapeer Co. EMORY E. OWEN.-





FREE BOOK ABOUT CANCER.





 





CANCEROL has proved its merits in

the treatment of cancer. It is not in

an experimental stage. Records of un-

disputed cures of cancer in nearly eve

ery part of the body are contained in

Dr. Leach’s new 100-page book. This

book also tells the cause of cancer and

instructs in the care of the patient;

tells what to do in case of bleeding,

pain, odor, etc. A valuabe guide in

the treatment of any case. A copy of

this valuable book free to those inter-

ested. Address, Dr. L. T. LEACH, Box

105, Indianapolis, Indiana.





The Fence That Lasts.





There isn’t anything that the farmer

buys in which a mistake is more hopeless

than in wire fence. If he gets “stuck"

he is stuck for good, because there is no

possible way of remedying the defect;

it is a case of buying a new fence. The

Brown Fence & Wire Company, of Cleve--

land, Ohio, is sending out some interesting

literature on wire fence, showing why so

much of the fence put up in recent years

has rusted out and gone to pieces in so

short a time. They point out very clearly

that a fence, like a chain, is only as





 





with

> An





 

 

   

 





”Make

Big Money

This ~

Winter A“ p



- Sizes





. /



This simple, light running

mill makes more and better

lumber with less power and

less help than any other. You can

set up and operate any American mill

with the directions before you. If you

have no timber, your neighbors have.



Don’t let your engine lie idle.





124-Pago Book, Free





Containing valuable suggestions about

the care of saws. fully describing the lea-

turesthat make our mills best. giving

prices and guaranty and full information

about our Wood Saws. Shingle Ma-

chines and other Wood working ma.-

cbinery. Write for book today.‘





American Saw MIII Machinery on.





128 Hop. 8L. Huckcuuown N. J.

1559 Terminal Buildings. New You:





 

 

 





American

Saw

M I II



/





 

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





 





 

 





 





UNITED STATES RUBBER COMPANY

42 Broadway. New York. January 7, 1909.

:The:Board of Directors of the United States

Rubber Company has this day declared from its

net profits a quarterly dividend of Two Per Cent.

on the First Preferred Stock, (including all out-

standing old “Preferred”Stock), and aquarterly

dividend of One and One-half Per Cent. on the

Second Preferred Stock of this Company, to“

Stockholders of record at 3 p. m. on Friday,

January 15, 1909, payable, without closing of the

Transfer Books, January 30, 1909.

JOHN J. WATSON. J 3.. Treasurer.





 





 





strong as its weakest part. It must be

good all over to be good at all. A strong?

heavy stay or up-right is just as im-

portant as a heavy lateral. They, more-

over, show that in recent years much of

the galvanizing that has been done is,l

hardly worth the name of galvanizing atl

all. The wire is merely dipped Into

melted zinc instead of being put thru a?

true galvanizing process. We know}

everyone of our readers will be inter-.

ested in what Mr. Brown has to say on

this fence question. Send to him for his

little book. It will open your eyes.





l

l





 





The Man Who Keeps Cows I,





Cannot fail to be interested in the hand-

some catalogue. issued by the American

Scparator Company, Box 1061, Bainbridge,

N. Y.

that we have set-n pilt out by a separator

company, containing seventy—five

excellent illustrations,

interesting and instructive.

parts of the separator are shown in de—

tail and convey clearly to the mind the





over

which





extreme simplicity of the Low Down

American Cream Separator, and the

reason for its ease of operation, quick





cleaning and ability to separate either

hot or cold milk; milk from fresh cows

or “strippers.” Their system of selling,

wonderfully low prices, liberal term of

trial and attractive purchasing terms,

are all fully explained in this catalogue,

while the gcncral information on the

St‘Dzll‘fll'OI‘ subject is such that, whether

you have a separator or not, you should

have a copy of this catalogue. You can

receive one postpaid by addressing Am-

erican Scparator Company, Box 1061,

Bainbridge, N. Y.





Appreciative Letters.



Tlle Chicago House XVrecking Co., Chi-

cago, have just sent us a lot of letters

from satisfied customers. We publish a

few of them. The Chicago House VVreck-

ing Co. have been advertising lumber

direct to the consumer at low wholesale

prices. That they furnish good lumber

these lettcrs will testify.



“\l'ill just say that I was well pleased

with my lullibcr. Several lumber men

have been to see it, and say it is good

lumber.”——Mrs. M. Pendergast, Jerome,

Iowa, Jan. 2, 1909.



“I received my carload of lumber all

0. K. Was well pleased with quality and

priccS.——A. E. Phillips, Benton Harbor,

Mich., Dec. 8, 1908.



“The lumber I received from you a few

weeks ago is very satisfactory. The

plastering lath I am well pleased with. I

have a good demand for them in 4 feet

and 32 inch. Can you furnish me a half

corload mixed with other lumber?"—H.l

l-I. Fahl, Rosedale, Pa., R. 1.





Be Sure and Get this Book—Free.



The new catalogue of the Wisconsin

Incubator Co., Racine, \Vis., Box No. 89,

gives valuable information o‘n Incubators

and Brooders. It tells how a good INCH—l

bator and Brooder should be made, andl

at what price a good Incubator and

Brooder can be made and sold for. It

also gives you some good illustrations

and instructive views, showing the con-

struction of Incubators and Brooders.

Mr. Thos. Collier. manager of the Wis-

consin Incubator Co., will be glad to mail

you their catalog if you will just write

them for one. l





It is the finest, work of its kind‘





are bothl

The workingi





Nitrates Sida‘





Nitrate Sold in Original Bans \

NITRATE AGENCIES CO.





. 64 Stone Street. New York ‘(

Keyser Building, Baltimore. Md.

36 Bay Street, .East, Savannah. Ga.



305 Baroune Street. New Orleans. La.

‘ 140 Denrborn Street, Chicago, Ill. \

" Holcombe & Co., 24 California Street

\ .

\ San Francisco, Cal.



603-4 Oriental Block, Seattle. Wash.





Addreu Office Nearest You





 





Orders for All Quantities Promptly ‘ ‘

Filled—Write for Quotations





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





     





   

   





 





 





   

   

 

 

 

 

 





 





I





 

 

 

 

   

 

 





u.-





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"\-

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’n‘

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———_\





WARD POU LTRY FENCE.





Old. fashioned 40-carbon elastic spring

steel wire. 30—days free trial. Best and

strongest. Turns Stock as well as Poultry.

Send for free catalog No. 57A. Address

The Ward Fence Co., Box 260Decatur. Ind.

- Also manufacturers of Ornamental —

Wire and Ornamental Steel Picket Fence.





W5 Gents a Bad





For a. 22-inch Hog Fence; 18° for

26-inch; 190 for 81-inch; 22 1-20

. for 31—inch; 2’10 for a 47»incb

M A Farm Fence. 60~iiicb Poultry

Fence 87c. Lowest. prices ever

_‘ made. Sold on 30 da I trial. '

Catalog free. W rite for t today.

D KL KITSELMAN BROS..

'Box 278, MUNCIE. IND.

—





 

 

 

   

   

 





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. 2'."

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Union Lock Poultry

Fence





Sciuare close mesh.

Higiest quality, su-

perior lock, easily

erected, strong, low

priced.



Write for new catalog

describing the Union

Lille of Field, Hog. Poul~

try and Lawn Fences.

Union Fence Co.



De Kalb, III.

Kansas City, Mo.





FENCE fizw‘





Made of ngh carbon Double Strength

Coiled Wire. Heavily Galvanized to

prevent rust. Have no agents. Bell at

factory prices on 30 days' free trial.

We pay al I freight. 3? heights of mm

poultry fence. Catalog Free.

COILED SPRING FENCE co.

Box 21 WInehostor. Indiana.





FENC E

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Catalog—fences, tools. Buy

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“801! FENCE 00.. LEESBUBG,Q





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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JAN. 23, 1909.





SOME FERTILIZER QUESTIONS.





 





How much fertilizer is generally used

on sand ground and what kind. Also

what kind for potatoes on clay and what

kind is used on clay ground for sugar

beets? The sand ground is to be put





into beans.





Sanilac Co. T. F. NICHOLS, JR.





No one can answer such fertilizer in-

quiries definitely. In a general way we

know that sandy land is apt to be defi-

cient in potash, and also in a general

way that clay is also apt to be deficient

in available nitrogen and phosphoric acid,

but usually has plenty of potash. Yet

clay and sand differ. That is, they differ

in the amount of available plant food

which they contain and it is only avail-

able plant food which is of any particu-

lar benefit for the time being. For grow-

ing crops it matters little how much

phosphoric acid and potash is tied up

in good clay soil provided it is n’ot avail-

able for plant food. Perhaps it requires

weathering to make it available, perhaps

it requires some very vigorous growing

plant to set free some of this, or it may

be that it needs an application of lime,

or something of that sort. But with

these we do not know, but can only speak

in a general way.



Then again, different crops require dif-

ferent per cents of plant food. For in-

stance, potatoes and sugar beets require

a good per cent of potash in the fertilizer,

while cereals and corn require more phos-

phoric acid and nitrogen to make a heal-

thy growth. So we can only speak in

general terms and in a general way we

say that a sandy land fertilizer should

contain a formula that contains a rela—

tively low per cent of nitrogen, because

sandy land parts with its nitrogen readily

and you don’t need to apply so much. I

would say that for cereals and corn on

sandy land I would use a. fertilizer that

contains four times as much potash as

it did nitrogen, the more phosphoric acid

it contains the better.



Now, as to what kind shall be used for

potatoes on clay, I would say, use one

that contains a good per cent of nitrogen

and phosphoric acid but it does not need

a. heavy per cent of potash for potatoes

on clay. A fertilizer containing 2 per

cent of ammonia, 8 per cent of phosphoric

acid and 4 or 5 per cent of potash, would,

in my judgment, be a good formula to use

on potatoes on clay. I would use from

500 to 1,000 pounds per acre. I would

use just about the same formula on clay

ground for sugar beets. If I had the po-

tatoes on real sandy land, then I would

prefer a larger per cent of potash, say a.

formula containing 2 per cent ammonia,

8 per cent phosphoric acid and 10 per

it contains the better, as it will remain

in the soil for future crops.



For beans on sandy land you want a

good per cent of potash on general prin-

ciples, but it need not be as heavy as

for potatoes. I should say that a fertilizer

containing 1 per cent ammonia, 8 per

cent phosphoric acid and 2 per cent pot-

ash would be a good'bean fertilizer. You

want plenty of phosphoric :[('id for beans

to ‘ripen the crop. I would as soon have

a fertilizer containing 1 per cent ammonia

for beans as to havo it contain 2 per

cent, and it would cost from $2.50 to $3

less per ton.



COLON C. LILLIE.





CONVENIENCES ON THE FARM.





 





There are many little devices the in-

genious farmer can arrange to save time

and labor on the farm, and one who

visits various farms managed by ingen-

ious farmers will continually see some-

thing new, or at least the application

of something old to suit the conditions

and secure the end sought. I will give

a few illustrations.



(in one farm there were two sheep

barns standing on either side and some-

what lower than the main barn. As

many as 800 sheep had been fed in these

barns at one time, and the problem of

getting up the stairs to the mixing loft

above was quite a serious and laborious

one. But the owner was equal to the

task. A plank walk was built from the

back door of the bank barn to a door

thru the roof of the nearest sheep barn,

so the sacks could be carried from the

wagon on the barn floor to the upper

floor of the nearest sheep barn, a down

grade instead of a climb. The. other barn

was reached in the same way by means

of a little carrier into which the grain

could be dumped from the wagon on the

barn floor and run on a cable to the

upper floor of the farther sheep barn.



In this same barn was a little power





v





,FI‘HE MICHIGAN FARMER.





plant attached to the windmill above the

barn, the shaft being connected to a feed

grinder, grindstone, lathe, feed cutter

and drill. [In another building on this

farm was a forge, anvil, and various

iron working tools. No need to go to

town to replace a broken bolt or chain

on this farm.



On another farm where spraying OD-

crations are conducted the gasoline en-

gine is made to do the duty of the wind-

mill, and in addition to saw the wood

for use on the farm.



Then there are the many little conven-

iences found in many barns, such as hay

and grain chutes, gates which open eas-

ily, feed trofs easy to fill and clean, con-

veniences in feeding, or in handling the

manure, and the general arrangement

which makes it possible for one man to

do the chores better and in less time

than two can do similar chores in other

barns.



Contrast with these other barns which

I have in mind where hay and stalks

stored above are carried entirely around

the barn and fed by carrying them to

the mangers from behind each cow and

horse, and where water is carried to nine

cows from a pump 150 feet away and

15 feet above the basement of the barn.

Or take another barn 45x60 feet, with the

basement so partitioned that one must

go out of doors to get from one part to

another and to carry hay and feed around

or over fence partitions.



When farmers study to economize

labor and expense as do the managers

of factories, and eliminate some of the

false motions and waste of labor on the

farm factory, the margin of profit will

begin to creep upward, farm homes will

lil’lDI‘OVG, and there will be less call for

commissions to investigate farm life.



Calhoun Co. S. B. H.





ENGLAND'S GREAT POTATO CROP.





 





The Department of Commerce and

Labor has received a report from Consul

IV'alter C. Hamm, at Hull, England,

showing that the year 1908 will be known

thruout the British Empire, as the “po-

tato crop year.” The English, Scotch and.

“'elsh farmers agree that the harvest

last season has established a record. In:

Great Britain the yield is stated to be‘

almost exactly 4,000,000 tons, or about

250 bushels per acre, which is far ahead

of the average for the United States.

This is nearly 1,000,000 tons greater than

the crop of 1907, and about 250,000 tons

above the next highest crop, which was

produced in 1897. The production is so

large'in fact, that farmers find them a

burden, and in some cases hardly worth

while to carry to market. An outlet

abroad is being greatly sought for the

surplus of this great crop, and some

cargoes are being sent t» the United

States. These are invoiced at 60 to 70

shillings, or $14.60 to $17 per ton. To

this must be added the freight of 11 shil—,

lings, or $2.68 per ton from Hull to New

York, and the duty of 25 cents per bushel

of 60 pounds. The cost of a ton of po-

tatoes shipped from Hull to New York

is as follows, taking as the average price

(55 shillings, or $15.80 per ton:





 





 





 





Per ton.



F. 0. B. at Hull .................... $15.82

(JCean freight ....................... 2.68

Duty, 371/2 bushels to the ton ....... 9.33,

l



Total ........................... $27.83 L





Thus the cost of laying down a bushel:

of potatoes in New York would be about?

741/: centsflprobably a higher price thanl

most American farmers are getting. i



The counties of Yorkshire and Lanca-

shire, both of them in the llull consular

district, are the eastside potato lields of

England. Thousands of acres are planted

with potatoes there every year and in a

good season heavy crops are grown.

\Vhile the land is fertile, perhaps the

scientific cultivation and the careful se-,

lection of seed does as much as anything}

to increase the yield. The. total crop of

potatoes in the United Kingdom averages

in value about $100,000,000 annually, but

when the crop is poor, owing to an un-

favorable season or a blight, there are

large importations from the Continent,

of which-there will be very little this

season.



Acc’Ording to the report of Secretaryl

“7ilson, just issued, unfavorable weather

made our crop only 275,000,000 bushels,

or more than 45,000,000 tons——five per cent

below the five-year average, altho the

value, $190,000,000, is 18 per cent above

and was never equaled by any former

crop.



Washington, D. C.





G. E. M.





 





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WW





 





g. LIVE STOCK





THE LlVE STOCK MEETING.





 





The eighteenth annual meeting of the

Michigan Improved Live Stock Breeders’

and Feeders’ Association, and allied as-

sociations as announced, was held at the

Michigan Agricultural College on Tuesday

and Wednesday, January 12 and 13, with

a large and representative gathering of

Michigan live stock men present. The

several breed associations for which

meetings had been called at this time and

place held sessions at practically the

same hour on Tuesday, January 12, in

the several buildings on the campus which

had been assigned to them. Most of them

were well attended and matters of inter—

est t0 the breeds were discussed, but

as the general meeting will hold greater

interest for the general reader, the gen-

eral meeting will be first reported in these

columns, and the breed meetings ‘will be

referred to in a future issue, or as soon

as the data concerning all of them can

be assembled.



Following the several breed meetings,

a union meeting of all these sections was

held in the college armory at five o’clock

p. m.. on Tuesday, for the discussion of

two very important problems which con.

front the breeders and feeders of the

state. The first of these topics, “The

present status of hog cholera prevention.”

was opened by Dr. C. E. Marshall, of

M. A. 0., who reviewed in detail the

method of vaccination to secure a degree

of immunity against the disease. As Dr.

Marshall recently described this treatment

in the columns of the Michigan Farmer

it will not be necessary to repeat it in

this report. He said, as in the article

referred to, that the early work done

along this line was highly encouraging

and satisfactory, but that later, difficul—

ties were encountered which made it

necessary to suspend the work for a

time until the problem could be further

worked out in the laboratory and these

difficulties eliminated. This, he now

thinks, has been done and that they are

again about ready to go ahead with the

work, which he thinks promises a degree

of ultimate, success which will be most

beneficial as a method of guarding against

if not eliminating this deadly disease.



Mr. C. A. Tyler, of thc State Live Stock

Sanitary Commission, was called upon to

give his experience and observation in

the immunization of hogs from cholera,

which he did in a manner to convince his

hcarcrs that the treatment is a success

when the conditions are right, but the

result of some of his later experience was

not so favorable. Tic, howevcr, expressed

great faith in the efficacy of the treat—

ment, as did some breeders present who

were confronted with an outbreak of

cholera in their herds and who avoided

heavy losses by prompt action in having

their hogs treated to immunize them.



lVIr. H. H. llinds. of the. sanitary com-

mission, emphasich the wisdom of kccp—

ing the rliszztsc confined to a small terri-

tory wherever it appears. as by this

means alone can the certainty of serious

loss to the, counn'inity be :ivcrtcd. hlr.

llrown, who maintains a very large herd,

largely on garbage (ollcctcd from Grand

Rapids, is a strong ln-licvcr in the efficacy

of treating for imunmity, by which means

he- rcduccd his losses to the minimum,

and also believes in breeding for im-

munity, as his expericncc points to the

success of this nuthod of lcsscniug the

ravages of the discasc. it is a well

known fact that some

e\cry herd in which there is on outbrcak

will gencially survivc. and these he be-

licvcs to have. a great value as lu‘ccding

stock. He purchased two car loads of

immune hogs from Missouri for this very

reason and declared that he Would not

for a momcnt think of breeding from a

sow or using a boar that was not a na-

tural immune, in his breeding (i})0r;1titing_



The, sccond of thcsc spcciul topics which

were discussed at this important meeting,

was “Contagious Abortion ‘:\1‘n.lng' (‘tltt].\_”

which was ably discussed by Director

R. S. Shaw, of the Michigan l-prcrimcnt

Station. Prof. Show emphasized the

point that contagious abortion is more

prevalent among the herds, especially the

dairy herds, of the state than is gen-

erally known or suspected. and that there

seems in many (“SOS to be a peculiar lack

of honor or compunction among breeders

about selling infected animals and thus

spreading the disease and creating new

centers of infection. For this reason he

counseled great care in keeping the dis—

case out of the herd, and thorn treatment





animals in





 





THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER.





to eradicate it if it appears. It will gen-

erally be. found that this treatment must

be continued for a. considerable time after

all apparent danger is over, to be certain

that it is completely eradicated, else the

infection may survive and the trouble-

some and expensive work of eradication

have to be done all over again. The

treatment consists in a thoro disinfection

of the stables and a frequent cleansing

of both cows and bulls with an antiseptic

wash to destroy the germs of the disease.



Following a brief discussion of Prof.

Shaw's address, those present were in-

vited to repair to the VVoman‘s Building,

where a luncheon was given to the visit-

ing stockmen by the State Board of Ag-

riculture and the faculty of‘ the college.

The spread was served by the girls who

are taking the domestic science course,

and was much appreciated by all present,

as were the after dinner talks given by

the governor, the speaker of the house,

members of the legislature and of the

state agricultural society and others who

were present. Altogether, the evening

was most enjoyable, and the attendance

was both larger and more representative

of the great allied live stock industries

of the state than has been the case upon

any previous, similar occasion.



Wednesday Morning Session.



As it had seemed expedient to adjourn

the. session of Tuesday afternoon before

the discussion was completed, the meeting

was called to order a half hour earlier

on \Vcdncsday morning to permit a fur-

ther discussion of the special topics which

had been under consideration at the pre-

vious session. The first number of the

program proper, was the president‘s ad-

dress, which was then given by Robert

Gibbons, of Detroit, and which we re—

produce as follows:



Presldent's Address.



As it is customary for the President

of the Association to make a brief address

at its annual meeting, referring to pres—

cnd conditions in the industry, and mak-

ing suggestions as to needed changes to

insure its work growing in effectiveness

as the association grows in age and ex-

perience, I shall follow this well—estab-

lished custom.



It is now 18 years since the organiza-

tion was formed. and that it has survived

until the present time is pretty good evi-

dcuco that, its foundations were laid

deep and strong, and able to withstand

the grcat vissitudcs such organizations

must expect to mect as time goes on.

.\t the time of its formation there were

scvcral strong breed organizations which

met annually in the state capitol, but

thcrc was so lunch rivalry between the

breeders that it was very ditlieult to se-

curc harm uious action on any subject,

‘so they exercised but little influence be-

yond those interested in thcsc special

It was to tone down the asperi-

tics and jealousics of the membership of

thcse organizations, and convince them

that it Would greatly aid the live stock

industry to ally these kindred organiza-

tions, and thus bring about a broader

feeling of friendship and mutual good

will, that was certain to rcsult iu grcat

good to thc individual ‘mcmbcrs. As the

late lion. “'m. inll, its first prcsidcnt,

exprosscd it: “There is good in all the

purc~brcds, and We can consistently unite

in driving out the scrub." That such a

feeling of mutual respect and confidence





lil'ccdS.





has since grown up among us, all will

agree, and its rcsults arc to be ,«zz-cn here

today. All thc brccds arc rcprcscntcd,

and we do not ask today \\'ll'tl class of

stock is he low-ding. but. what kind of

a man is he? is hc honcst, I‘zllmlilc, and

working diligently to improve his class

of stock? If he is, he incl-ts all the re—

ouircincnts which cntitlc hiru to a high

place among his fellow brccdcrs.

The Past Season in Michigan.



The past year in our state, has been

onc of sudden and radical changes in

values in all meat animals. In this re—

spcct perhaps sheep and hogs have

shown greater fluctuations than cattle,

but all have expcirenced them. There is

one thing full of promise for brecders

of improved stock, and that is the steady

demand at high priccs for the bcst qual—

ity of cattle, sheep and hogs. I doubt

if I ever saw the difference between ordi—

nary and choice grades so great as at

prcscnt.



The changes in the industry which has

been in progress during the past ten

years still continues, and the big cattle

outfits, once the great feature in the

free "enges of the west. are steadily de-

creasing. They were followed, to some

extent, by bands of sheep, but as the

land passes under cultivation, the dairy

cow, and the choice bred steer will take

their places. There will be more cattle





sheep and hogs raised in that territory,

but conditions will gradually approach

those in the older states. The long-

horned Texas steer has been relegated to

the scrap heap. , I noted'a paragraph in

a Texas journal a few weeks ago, which

stated that the last cattle range in that

state, some 12,000 acres in extent, was

being divided into farms and soldtto

settlers. With the disappearance of the

Texas steer we may perhaps be able to

eradicate the cattle tick and with it the

so-called Texas fever. The farmers will

want good cattle, and the cows must be

better bred to produce them. Forage

crops will be grown, and the dairyman

will supplant the cow-boy. Even in far





 





 





off Montana and Wyoming people are:

beginning to realize that the earth and;





the fullness thereof is no longer the per-





sonal property of the cattle king and the





cow—boy. The cutlivator of the soil is

eliminating them as completely as the

early settlers did the red man.

part of the ceaseless advance of civiliza-

tion against which neither men nor con-

ditions can successfully contend.



Vi'hen these ranges become cultivated,

farm stock—raising in Michigan—es-

pecially cattle and sheep—will prove

as inviting a field for investment as

these ehcap lands of the west are now.

But neither on those western farms or

on those of our own state, will the beef

steer represent the only product of the

herds of cattle, or the fleece the only

product of the flocks. It will be dairy

products as well as beef, and mutton as

well as wool. For the people must have

meat and clothing, as well as butter and

cheese.



But no matter what changes may take

place in the live stock industry—the .Am-

erican hog, in all its various forms—will

be. with us, and render efficient aid in

making other branches more profitable.

Are you raising cattle for market? The

hog is the natural associate of the beef

steer. Do you prefer dairying, with its

greater profits but increased labor and

more complicated methods, then the hog

—the Well bred hog—will not only make





It is a'





 





your profits more certain, but increase.

them in an exact ratio as he is utilizedl

to save waste materials and give thenr





a. cash value.

by the. general farmer and the fruit-

grower, as he is not only a. scavenger,

but has the inl)01'n~l.abit of picking up

inconsidcred triflcs and turning them

into high-priced and healthful meats——

giving a cash value to what would other-

wise bccome a nuisance on the farm.



Improvement of the Live Stock of the



State.



This is one of the questions which

should be crmsidered at this meeting, and

to help us to arrive at proper conclusions,

the llurcau of Animal Industry of the

Department of Agriculture thru its chief,

Dr. Melvin, has sent a representative,

Mr. (1. Arthur Bell, who is here to talk

on that subject. This question more par-

ticularly applies to the cattle of the state,

no matter for what purpose they are





He should also be utilized:





kept, as both sheep and hogs arc of vcry;





fair quality.

general use of pure bred sircs on our

cattle. \Ve should not be sparing in our

efforts to impress upon those who maintain

cattle on thcir forms for any purposc,

that they can double Lilo" \‘1llllc of their

hcrds .by a system of tip-breeding that

will cost very little cxccpt time. If it

costs from $31!) to $212 per ycar to main—

tain a cow that only pioduccs 13o pounds

of buttcr per year, or 4,000 pounds of

milk, it will require every dollar rcccchd

for her product to maintain her in fair





\Vhot is llt‘t'tll‘d is a more.





condition. The use of pure-bred sires,





upon such cows would increase the pro-

duct of the hcit'crs fully :5 per cent, and

a sccond cross would give the farmer

hcit‘crs that would produce 50 per cent

more buttcr or ‘{ than the original

cow. Instead of lot) lbs. she would give

22:3 lbs. of butter, or 6,000 lbs. of milk.

This is not based upon mere assertion

but upon actual facts, and can be vouched

for by dairymen in this and other states.





And if a steady line. of upbreeding is ad—





hcrcd to for two more generations the,

produce, for practical purposes, will be,

fully equal to pure breds. If this process

of breeding up was generally followed

on Michigan farms the owners of dairy

hcrds would receive double the income

they do now where common cows are re—

lied on. This is a safer, sancr method of

securing profits than any investment you

can make in stocks or bonds. and it

harms no one. in fact_ insures to.the

benefit of the public generally.



In this connection I wish to impress.

upon both breeders and farmers that the.

most valuable characteristic of improved

live stock is its ability to transmit its





 





JAN. 23, 1909. -





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good qualities to its offspring, even when

mated with scrubs and mongrels. When

farmers generally understand this fact,

and act upon the knowledge, it will have

the happiest effect upon their own mate-

rial interests, and provide a home market

for the surplus of the pure bred herds

and flocks of our breeders. Their inter-

ests are really interdependent.

' TubercuIOSls.



Another important subject, and one

that should be settled at once, is the

elimination of this terrible plague from

the cattle of this state. It is a matter

that can no longer be ignored. In the

interest of the health of our people—-

whichris superior to all other considera-

tions—it must be stamped out. Every

year that passes without active work be—

ing carried on for its suppression, is at

the expense of the health of the people,

and spreads the plague mere widely.

This subject will be freely discussed at

this meeting by men who have studied

the matter in its various phases, and I

bespeak for them an attentive audience

and a careful consideration of their sug—





gestions. I may say this, however, that





I believe now, as I have for years, that

as this is a subject in which every citi-

zen of the state is vitally interested, the

burden of stamping out tuberculosis

should not be placed upon any one in~

dividual or class. The owner of diseased

cows will not be likely to make the fact

known if his herd, upon which he relics

for a part of the income necessary to

maintain his family, will be slaughtered,

without compensation to its owner. We

must enlist the owner of cattle in this

crusade against disease, or it will surely

fail. It is up to our legislators to devise

means and appropriate funds to com-

pensate owners for such losses; and the

campaign, once started, should be waged

unrelentingly until tuberculosis is un-

known among Michigan herds. It is a.

moral obligation resting upon our legis-

lators and state officials to take up this

subject at once and settle it for all time.

Live Stock Generally Healthy.



In other respects Michigan’s herds and

flocks have been quite free from disease.

W'e have had some hog cholera, and a

few cases of contagious abortion and

sheep scab—the latter brot in from the

west. An outbreak of foot-and—mouth

disease caused grcat alarm for a time

in a township in Wayne and anotlgr in

uakland counties. The principal loss

and it was considerable, came largely

from the regulations put in force by U.

S. officials, interfering with general busi-

ness. However, not a single new case

of the disease has been discovered since

these regulations went into effect, and I

have no desire to criticize the bridge

which has carried us over safely.



In conclusion, gentlemen, let us discuss

each subject as it comes up, fairly and

frankly, and with an eye single to the

best interests of the industry as a whole,

and I feel certain we shall have cause to

remember with_satisfaction the 18th an—

niversary of our association.



Following the president’s address the

reports of the secretary and treasurer of

the association were read and approved.

The next number was an address on

“The Improvement of Live Stock,” by

H. H. Dean, Professor of Dairy Hus-

bandry, at the Ontario Agricultural Col-

lege. This address was so full of thot

for the progressive brccdcr that we pre-

sented in full as follows:



The Improvement of Live Stock.



A writer in one of the lcading Ameri-

can Agricultural Journals recently said:

“Fashion rulcs wherever man lives,

whether among the savages of Central

Africa or in the Courts of Europe. “’0-

man has not a monopoly of fashions.

W‘ith her the hat of this year may be

abominable next, and what was the very

quintessence of beauty and loveliness

last year may be a ‘-fright' now; but «men

are not exempt from this weakness of

human nature. The masculine 'mind has

it‘s fads and fancies as well as the femi-

nine.



“Stock breeders are not exempt from

the tyrannous and arbitrary rules of

fashion; and in our judgment the foolish

fads and fancies of the stock breeders’

costs the good man more! dollars than the

fads and fancies, foolish and otherwise,

of his women folk.”



The above is true and “’tis pity that

’tis true.” How shall we prevent this

foolish running after whims and fashion,

these “bubbles in the think—tank” of

breeders of live stock? I take it that one

of the objects of the present meeting is

to bring about an improvement in pres-

ent methods. Before much improvement

can be accomplished, we shall need to

change not only our “fads and fancies”





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.

force in organic nature in order to pre-

serve the variability which had existed





since the time of primordial beings.”

“Life never begins anew. It is like a





but many of the theories which have

hitherto guided stock breeders. We shall

also need to understand so far as possible

the principles underlying the problem be-

fore us.



Past Theories.



The leading motto which stock breed-

ers have kept before them for a number

of years is, “Like produces like or the

likeness of an ancestor.” Recently, how-

ever, a new motto, and we take it a bet-

ter one, has been brot to the attention

of stockmen. This motto, or axiom, may

be stated as follows: Variation is the

hope of the breeder. Davenport, in his

recent work,‘ tells us that, “variation

rather than heredity has been chosen "or

the leading thot.” He further says: “The

most obvious fact about living things is

their variability.” “No two are alike

and variation is universal.” “Much of

the real advance in both animal and

plant breeding is likely to come thru

distinct offsets which are called muta-

tions.”



Variation is at once the most promis-

ing agent for improvement and the most

powerful and subtle force for undermin-

ing and destroying what has been already

obtained.”



“In reproduction there are no dupli-

cates.”



In an earlier work on “The Survival of

the Unlike,” Dean Bailey says: “As no

two individual organisms are or ever have

been exactly alike * * * it seems to

me to be the logical necessity to assume

that like never did and never can produce

like.”



“The survival of the unlike refines the

fittest to be the unlike.” “Variation af-

fords the material or starting point from

Which progress is dcrivcd.”



Goethe said: “Nature is ever shaping

new forms: what is, has never yet bocn;

what hasvbccn comes not again. Every-

thing is new and yet naught but the

old.”



Darwin’s evolution theory, while in the

main correct, has received some quite

improtant modifications by recent think-

ers. “If we suppose that new mutations

and delinitely inherited variations sud-

denly appear, some of which will find

an environment to which they are more

or less well fitted, we can see how evo-

lution may have gone on without assum-

ing new species to have been formed thru

a pi’o'cTcss of compctition.“ Nature’s su—

prcmcst test is survival. According to

Darwin’s View of the origin of species,

each new species is gradually formed

out of an older one, because of the ad-

vantage that thc new individual may

have over the parcnt form.” (ThOS.

Hunt Morgan in “Evolution and Adapta-

tion.”) De Vries concludcs:



“'l‘hat new spccics arise suddenly, at a

single step without transitional forms.”



“They are usually fully constant from

the first -moment of their origin."



“The tendency to mutate recurs peri-

0dically."



The foregoing quotations are, sufiicient

to indicate that we shall nccd to modify

old theories of breeding vcry consid-

erably if we would keep pace with the

advance of modcrn scientific thot on the

question.



Principles of Breeding.





I can touch these in but the bricfest

manner. To my mind the germ plasm

theory of \V‘cisnian is the best theory of

heredity which has bccn put forward up

to the prosent, altho it is true as ltornanes

says, “The Gcmmule theory by Darwin;

the Stirp theory of (ialton; and the Germ

T’lasm theory of \Veisman have many

things in common.”



In a word, \Vcisman explains his theory

3y saying, “The germ plasm is an ex-

tremely delicately formed organic struc—

ture in which each independent variable

part present thruout ontogeny is repre-

sented by a vital particle, each of which

again has its definite inherited position,

structure and rate of increase.”



“The germ plasm posscsscs a great

power of remaining constant but the ele-

ments of the gcrnl plasm, i. e., the bio-

phors and determinants are. subject to

continual changes of composition and

these minute fluctuations which are im-

perceptible to us, are the primary cause

of the greater deviations in the deter-

minants, which we finally observe in the

form of individual variations.”



He goes on to say further: “The ori—

gin of a variation is equally independent

of selection and of amphimixus and is

due to the constant recurrences of slight

inequalities of nutrition in the germ plasm

which affect every determinant in one

-Way or another and differ even in the

same germ plasm."



“Sexual reproduction has come into





A





continuous stream.”



Reid tells us: “Natural selection causes

progressive evolution, reversion, regres-

sive evolution. Whenever evolution ap-

proaches perfection reversion sets in.”



It is altogether likely that the story

of Man’s creation, so familiar to us all,

is a poetic account of man’s mutation——

“a sudden departure from type where the

pendulum swings, but does not return."

Unfortunately for the poet and his theory,

fortunate for man, the latter has never

yet attained unto perfection tho he is

striving hard to do so. If Reid‘s theory

be correct, and there is much in nature to

warrant the conclusion, he will never

reach perfection, because as he ap-

proaches that condition, reversion steps

in and man tends to go backwards as an

individual but the race is steadily press-

ing onward and upward.



It may not be very flattering to our

egoism to be told, “All human embryos,

those of nobles as well as commoners,

are scarcely distinguishable from the

tailed embroys of dogs and other mam-

mals during the first two months of de—

velopment,” yet, no doubt, Hacckcl is

right in his statement.



If it were not for “the mighty potency

of human indolcnce,” man might progress

faster than he, does. It is because of

the records available in reference to





 





man's improvement, that “the greatest

study for mankind is man," not only

with reference to the lessons to be learned

for improvcmcnt of livc stock, but for

the elucidation of many biological prob-

lems that interest all studcnts, Biometry

or the application of statistical methods

to the study of biology, is a hopeful

branch of natural scicncc.

Practical Phases.



Leaving the scicntitic parts of thc dis-g

cussion, let us consider some of the moret

practical points. Any one who has given

any thot to the question at all must be

impressed with the fact that the live

stock of America have not improved so

much as one might expect in a progres—

sive country. It is true that we have a

number of excellent animals, but the pro-

portion of poor stock, more particularly

on aver ge farms, is altogether too great

and does not seem to be decreasing. We

ask oursclvcs as practical men why this

is so, and what can be done to improve

matters?



I shall confine myself largely to that

branch of live stock with which I am

most familiar, viz., dairy stock. “7c are

told that the average cow of the United

States and (‘anada gives about 3,000 lbs.

of milk annually and produces from 25

to 50 lbs. of butter in the same length of

time. This means that a large number

of cows are giving much less than the

ligurcs quoted.



“'hcn we consider that it costs from

$2.3 to $35 to feed a cow for one year

and that milk does not, on the average,

bring more than $1 per 100 lbs., or butter

more than 25 cents per pound, we can

readily see that “average" cows no nioro

than pay for their food, while liloSc undcr

average production are kept at a loss.



\\'hcn we consider the possibilities oi

a dairy cow as expressed in tho ycar

rccord of the American cow, (‘olantha

thh Johanna, of 27,432 lbs. milk and nearly

1,000 (908) lbs. milk-fat; or of tho Cana-

dian 4-year—old cow, ilioutsjc, which gave

120.778 lbs. milk containing 782 lbs. milk—

at in one year. making a prolit, over cost

of feed, of $117.72 at creamcry prices for

milk-fat, and $259.54 on her milk, at 4

cents pcr quartAthIl we contrast these

records with those for average cows, we

again ask ourselves why the man on the

farm is content to milk average cow's and

why the breeders of dairy stock cannot

produce Colanthas and Boutsjes in large

numbers?



The answer to the first question is

probably to be found in the fact that the

farmer has come to consider the whole

qucstion of breeding stock, one of luck.

lie is in the hands of blind fate who may





(5) 73





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be kind enough to give him something of

value, but who is more likely to give him

common, every—day, and in many cases,

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He thinks he is just about as likely to

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a “scrub sire” as by using a pure-bred.

In many cases, we regret to say, that his

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animals are little or no better than

“scrubs”—in fact, are more deceptive, be-

cause they have the pedigree but lack

the power. The average man needs to

be convinced of the value of pedigreed





 





 





 





 





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e M“ won We





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Don‘t break your back and kill your

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For oomfort’s sake got an



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x“. .'
74. to





stock. He is skeptical

cause), at present.



The answer to the second question is

noteasily found. The man who,solves

this riddle will be greater than Samson,

Solomon or Darwin. However, it looks

as if we were about to unlock the secret,

'so carefully guarded by nature from the

eyes of prying man. To me it seems as





. (not without





if the secret lies in a study of embry-

ology. If it be true that “livery part of





an animal's form is present rudimentar-

ily in the germ cell," it seems to us that

here is the place to study these forces

which make an animal great or small,

profitable or unprofitable, little, average,

or wonderful producers of speed, work,

beef and milk.



Vernon tells us: “The, permanent ef-

fect of environment on the growth of a

developing organism diminishes rapidly

and regularly from the time of impregna-

tion onwards." If this be true, we see

the need of placing an organism in proper

environment from the very moment that

amphimixus or fusion of the two germ

plasms takes place. .



“Heredity is simply the sum of all the

effects of all the environments of all past

generations on the responsive, ever-mov-

ing life forces. Environment is the archi-

tect 0f heredity.—(Burbank).



Morgan slates: “ letWeen an organism

and its environment; there takes place

a constant interchange of energy and

material.”



To quote Vernon again: "An organism





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varies least when it is best adapted to

its surroundings." I take it that this

refers more particularly to the mature

organism, in which we wish to

reversion, or wherein we endeavor to hold

what we have.



Boxall says:





prevent





“The atom and the mi-





crobe are convenient starting points for

tracing the evolution of the world and

man."





Taking all this evidence into considera-

tion we believe that the embryo condition

of an organism is the point at which we

should begin to formulate an answer to

the question, why are so few animals

great produtmrs?



We are told that: “There appears to

have been two separate and distinct

stages in the evolution of man: One that

of his coilict with nature, ending in the

mastery of brute creation: the

that of his conflict with nature ending

in his mastery of the resources of the

earth. Overlapping and succeeding the

second therefore. has been third, that

of the conflict of man with man, ending

in the survival of the fittest of the hu-

man race."~(Morrisl.



If we may be allowed to say so,

think that the first two conflicts are not

yet ended by any means and that if man

\vould give a little more attention to the

Conflict with nature and less to the con.

ilict of man with man, it would be much

better for the human race. \l'hile it may

be true that, “Struggle. is the father, king





21





\\' P





and lord of all things," man might far

better confine his “struggles" to those of

:1 peacci’ul nature. than to an effort to

strangle the Weaker members of hu—

mantiy.



Coming back to the practical applic‘h

tion of the foregoing principles, we see

the need in the «use of the dairy cow, of

supplying hcr with plenty of feed and

having suitable environment while she

is carrying the future cow, or the sire

of many cows.



Is it not a fact that most men put a

cow on small rations as soon as she

“goes dry?“ This is a fundamental mis- '

take in the breeding of dairy stock.

Vthn “dry" is the time to build up a

cow’s system for the future strain of-

milk—giving and in order that she may

have vitality to impart to the embryo

calf.



' Quoting from a bulletin giving the re-

sult of Poultry work at the Maine Sta.

tion, by (‘. 1’. “Mods, (Main Sta. hill.

13?, pp. zen—31s). (pp. 271—372 Experi—

lllCllt Stallion Itct'tll'tl, V01. XX, NO. 3).



“After 9 years of selection with respect



to egg production Illl‘ birds breed no





II‘UCI‘ IO 21 (It‘llllltt‘ Il'llv (if pgg lllV'tllll'Iltlll

than they did at the vveginning,’

The I)1'21(‘IIC.‘11 conclusion 1.,





from the results of this lll't‘t‘llillg experi- 500





ment seems to the authors m 1... clear,

It is that the il’nprovement of a strain

of hens in egg—producing ability by Sulpnt-

ive breeding is not so simple a matter

as it is supposed to be.

simpler than breeding

ducers to get high producers.

method of breeding totally

high producers-in other words.

daughters prove not to be like the moth





high

But if this

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pro-l

I

if uml





_ i CENTS postpnld 'l

,‘ with None In Ear Bind“





Empire Mia. 00.. Box 4I40ulnoy.lll.





"‘Cuddomeal”





Cream Cotton Cake





A Texas Milk MealfiA High Grade

Dairy Feed at the Price of Bran



Ground cottonseed—a. complete balanced

ration. No other grain necessary. Con-

tains all the Protein and Fat; an animal

can assimilate.



15 to 18 per cent Protein, 5 to 7per cent

Fat or Oil, 38 to 10 per cent Carbohydrates.

A fifty per cent better food than wheat bran.



Contains nearly three times as much Pro-

tein as shelled corn. No danger from over-

feeding. Guaranteed digestible and high-

ly nutritious. Recommended by the United

States Experimental Stations, and nearly

every State Expertment Station in the

Union, thousands of tons being fed in the

South. A perfect feed for Cows, Horses,

Iiogs, Steers and Sheep.



Price 825 per Ton Delivered to Your



Station in loo-lb. sacks



Send your check for trial order. Satisfaction

guaranteed or money back. Full directions

with each shipment. Cotton Seed Meshsao a ton:

Old Process Oil Meat, :33 a ton: Famous Corn

& Oat Feed. 226 a. ton. Mixed cars if desired.





The Bartlett Compan

Jackson. Mich.. and Detroit





   





 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





Y.

Mich.





 





 





BARRETT’S FEED PRICES





Per ton.

Choice Cotton Seed Meal 41 to 43 % protein ..... $29 50

Genuine Old Process Oil Meal .................. 33 00

Dried Beets Pulp ................................ 22 00

Buffalo Gluten Feed. 30 00

Fenumacher Feed .............................. 29 00

Winter Wheat Middlings (Finest Quality).... 27 00

Winter Wheat Bran ............................ 25 00





F. O. B. Owosso for Immediate Shipment. Our

freight rates are low. Send us your feed orders.

We will save you money. Write for our Feed Booklet.





C. Ii. BARRETT 00.. Owosso. Mich.





DAKLAWN FARM





The Greatest Importing and Breed-

ing Establishment in the World.





Three large importations for 1908, greatly

exceeding in numbers those of any other im-

; porter and including the tops ofsll the great

breeding establishments of France. Many

l noted prize winners. Safest guarantee.

i Most reasonable prices. Remember, that

whether you want mares are stallions, colts

i or matured animals, Oaklawn is today and

| always has been headquarters for the best

I Next large importation to arrive Dec. 'lst.





PE ROHERONS and

FRENCH GOAGHERS





W. 5., J. B. 8 B. DUNHAM,

Wayne, Du Page. County. ills.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





PR1 N TI N G





Letterheads. Envelopes. Statements.

(‘nrds or Labels. 31. Charges paid.





FOSTER COMPANY, 107 Foster Ave., Chicago.

When in Need of FERilLIZER “‘9 The Binokman





Brands. Mfgd. by

The JAMES ROLAND FERTILIZER (70., Jackson.

Both Phones No. 69.





 





 





 





Ear





. 1.500 lbs . good ones.





,broken. dark gray.





 





 





JAGKS AND MULES. -





Raise mules and get rich.

220 line large Jscks.jsnnets

and mules 14 to 17 bands

high. weigh from 700 to

Cheap'

now. Will pay a part of

buyer’s B. R. fare and ship-

ping. Stock guaranteed.

Write for prices today. ‘

KBEKLER’S J ACKFARM

West Elkton, Ohio.





Jack. and Jennetts For Sale.





If you want a first class Jack

or Jennett at the very lowest

prices. visit our barns. for they

are full of high class stock. and

can sell them to you right. and

save you the mlddlemau’s prof-

it. All stock guaranteed. Send

for my 25 reasons why it pays

to raise mules. Address





BAKER’S JACK FARM. Lawrence. Ind.





Owl Brand Pure coiion Seed ideal

49 Parent Protein and Fa Richest cattle food on





. - market. Write for booklet

No. II and prices. li‘. W. BBODE h 00.. Iomphls, Tuna.





 





 





 





 





—Full bred Percheron Stallion 4

For sale years old.of the best breeding. well

Jacob P. Sleight. Lansing. Mich.





Going Blind. Barry Co.

Iowa City. Is. Can Cure.





 





 





HORSES

PEHBHEBOHS for sale. 13:31:: 30%.: 33%: H33





Both black and Reg. sure breeders and Brilliant bred-

Rigbt every way; will sell at s bargain if sold soon-

WM. BIRD. St. Johns. Mich.





NE IMPORTED BAY STALLION. weight 1.800



to 1.7001bs.;l Registered MORGAN STALLION.



chestnut, weight 1,200 lbs. Sell or exchange for

other property. H. H. JUMP. Munith, Mich.





BillililllillS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd headed by UNDULATA BLACKBIRD

1T0 83836. one of the best sons of PRINCE l'l‘O

50006, and Grand Champion Bull at the Detroit

and Grand Rapids Fairs of 1907 and 1908. Herd con-



sists of Erlcas. Blackbirds. Prices. etc.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionla. Mich.

ABERDEEN ANGUS bulls,cows,heifers. Polled

Durhams, milk strain.





Bargains, freight expenses to buyers of five head.

CLOVER BLOSSOM FARM. Port Austin, Mich.

A choice lot of





Ayrshire Calves for Sale. .... mm...“

few yearling bulls. bred with greatest cure. Berkshire

Pigs—stock from Loveioy a Son and C. 8. Bartlett.

Write for prices. Ins ection solicited. MICHI-

GAN SCHOOL 103 TH DEAF. Flint. Mich.





UERNSEY BULL CALF. dropped Dec. 27. ’08.

Beautifully marked. Price 330 registered and

transferred. WILL1W. FISHER. Watervliet. Mich





' ' ' HICKORY GROVE STOCK

HOISIOIH'FHOSIIM. FARM. Owen Tsit.Proprletor.

R. 1. Oak Grove. Leiv. 00.. Michigan. Bell phone

MISTEIN FRIESIAN ifie‘b‘ln‘i'ii‘iELlJHiSS





Royal King. W. B. JONES,Osk Grove,R. No.3,Mich.





i Home To Sell Before Christmas,





25 Registered Holstein Cows. 2 to 6 years old. one to

freshen soon. 9 Bulls from A. R. 0. dams. Ready for

service. Don’t wait. but write or come quick.



L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





TOP NOTG H H’OLSTEINS





We have “Top Notch” young Holstein Bulls that

combine in themselves the blood of cows that now

hold. and in the past have held, world’s records for

milk and butter fut.



One of them could impart the rare qualities of

these great ancestors to all their offspring in your

herd. Cost nominal considering benefit secured.

Why not “build up"? “The Best” Is cheapest.



McPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mloh.





—S 11 tB II C l 1

HOLSTEIIIS Yé’flifé‘ieuliie. it. .33?" “Bin.

SHORMAN, Fowlerville. Mich. B. D. &Bcll Phone.

H E R E F 0 R D$=‘H3‘§.i§?°lifodfliiiffi





Chins hogs. R. E. ALLEN. Paw Paw. Mloh.





RED POLLE” BULL from 6 to 15 months old,





! bred from good milking

sows. John Berner dz Son, Grand Ledge. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





° JAN. 23, 1909.





SHEEP.

ERDENHEIM FARM





SHRDPSHIRES





town: 9. stones, Owner.

Rams and Ewes for Sale.





WRITE FOR PRICES TO





ROBERT GROVES. Shepherd.

R. F. D. No. 3. Pontiac. Mich.





00 INTO SHEEP RAISING





if you now have 3 common flock it will 3



get into better stock. GOOD SHEEP at: 33:133.?th

ey makers for you. besides their wool and lambs

the fertilizing and weed destroying benefit to farm Is

worth all it costs to keep them. For over twenty

years I have been improving my flocks of Oxford-

downs. Cotswoids, Lincolns and Delsines, until today

“Parsons sheep" are known to be among the best in

the country. being the largest owner and breeder east

of the Mississippi am In position to offer for sale

In any numbers. choice dark faced 54 to full

blood golden fleeced shropshlre ewe‘lsmbs st

89.00 each. Choice full blood ram lambs fit for

service $12.50 each. All are well wooled. good size

and of uniform appearance: will accept orders for

one or more sheep or car lots. (cash must accom-

psny order for ten sheep or less). You run no risk

forif I was not reliable and responsible this psper

would not print this notice—order today and you

will get it flock you can be proud of. I started with

10 sheep 22 years ago. what I have done you can do





BOMEYN C. PARSONS. Grand Ladle. Mich:





AMBOUILLET—Flock founded 1892 with 40 ewes

selected from one hundred registered ewes of the

best breeding possible. J. 0.. A. COOK,Morrlce,Mlcb.





SHROPSHIHE HALL STOBK FARM.





We will make special prices on ewes that are bred.

also on ewe lambs. We also have 80 high grade Shrop-

shire ewes. 1 to 3 years old. :11 bred to lamb in April to

an imp. Shro shire ram. Price $5 each if taken soon.-

L. S. DUN AM dc SONS. :Conoord. Michigan.





SHROP. BREEDING Ewes bred to high class rams

very cheap now. Also Beef-Milk Shorthorns.

an P. C. Swine. M. B. Turkeys. Write today for

pr cs list F. Msplowood Stock Farm. Allegau. Mich.





[1065.





CHOICE FALL GILTS and hour pigs. Right breed-

ing and prices right. Also s few aged sows bred

for spring furrow. A. A. Pattullo, Deckerville. Mich.





BERKSHIRE SOWS 8...... .0. o.





MASTERPIECE for spring furrow. Also a few

extra. choice young boars of equally rich breeding.

C. D. WOODBURY, Lansing. Mich.





BERKSHIRES’SOWE bred to Longfellow’s Duke.

and our new hero boar Prime Bacon

9861 l. 3 great son of the noted Lord Bacon. and

of intense Mnstelfipleco breeding. Guernsey's.

M. B. Turkeys. . Ply. Rocks. Pekln Ducks.

Hupp Farms, Birmingham, Mich. G. C. hupp. Mgr.





HOHTHEHH all W



uovonor'r FERN! 313.555.: lEllllcll‘iFSI

I I ‘



Chester Whitin- i.if;tzfleif'fiot‘fff‘lé‘ioii‘fifi;





March and April furrow. either sex. Also a. choice

yearling bosr. W. 0. WILSON . Okemos. Mich.





mus snos. nlrsovsn cussrsn WHlTlS—Won mon

premiums in '08 than say other hard in Michigan. IO

choice bosrn ready for urvico. Giltl open or bred to Junior

Champion boar of Mlchigln. ADAMS 8308.. Litchflsld. Mich.





IMPROVED CHESTER WHITES.





Bosrs ready for December service. price 815 each.

Gilts bred for April furrow. price .20 each. Satis-

faction guaranteed or money back.

COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Mich.

bred to Farrow in .

0- lo C0 sows til sure In pig fofgggjkllphtollge

lot. E. E. BEACH £5 SON. Brighton. Mich.





O l C’s—ALL AGES. Thirty sows bred

- . for spring furrow. Shipped

H. H. JUMP. Munlth. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





bred to s





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





on approval.





 





’ from premium stock all sold except a few

00 E. Co October pigs. Hood’s Stone House Stock

Farm. H. N. Hood. U. Phone 761-3r.. Adrian. Mich.

0 I C “PREMIUKM firTOCKa"mCholce bosr- ready for



o s o serlco. , 0 max . d . Gl

Farm—OPHOL'I BROS,Zeslsnd,Michig:g,ll1.6.onl;h?;:la 89:0”





 





 





Spring hours all sold have a few choice ilt l f

0- I. C- hoin‘od for spring furrow. Sotisfnctioniusanth

or your money back. A. NEWMAN, It. No.1. Mariette, Mich.





 





ERSEY BULL CALF, born March 10.‘08. Dum‘s

average yearly milk record 5 years 8526 lbs.: test



5 4-10 5. Site’s Dams rec. 10062 lbs. as 2-year-old test 5

2-101. Murray-Waterman 00.. Ann Arbor. Mich. B13.

I am sold short on





JERSEY BULL CALVE cows and heifers but





have a few choice bull calves from producing damn.

good ones. Price $35 to 850 each. I will guarantee

to please you. Colon C. Lillie. Coopersville. Mich.





 





 





 





T. LAMBERT JERSEYS—Bulls. fresh cows, cows

to fresh, now on to April 15; 1 and 2—year heifers.

L. R. KUNEY. Bell Phone 131. Adrian. Mich.





 





Northern Grown Jerse s.

ROYCROF'I‘ FARM. Sidnnw. Mic .





MARSTON FARM—JERSEY CATTLE.

T. F. MARSTON. Bay City. Michigan.

CHOICE JERSEY8. hi???‘.iit‘§f§§ih.§%‘lf£





CLARENCE BRISTOL. R. No. 2. Fenton. Mich.





 





 





 





MONTEREY STOCK FARM. Bed Polled Cattle.

Bulls at Heifers 10 to 14 months. Cows all ages.





prices low. E. BBACKETT. Allessn. Michigan.





Franclsco Farm Shorthorns

Three choice, dark red. richly bred. young bulls,

from 8 to 16 mos. old. They are good enough to head





pure bred herds and are priced Worth the money.

. . POPE. Mt. Pleasant. Mlohlgin.





J. B. CROUSE STOCK FARM,





HARTLAND. MICH.. breeder of SHORT-

lIORN CATTLE. Have all ages. both sexes.

Colon—reds and rosns. Quality and prices right.



purebred,





3 Shorthorn Bull Calves, m... 0...,





 





W. I. SHORT. BOXIIO ,





year old. ALFRED ALLEN. Mason. Mich.





SAVES PIGS and LAMBS.

Easy to use. Holds sny hog

with two fingers.





 

   





CEN Ts

Postpaid





a.

QUINCY, ILL. Both articles guaranteed





nu Boo JERSEYS—A few bred sows for March

‘ V ‘ and April furrow. for salt.

CAREY U. EDDIONDS. Hastings. Mich.

UROC Jersey of size and quality. 40 Boars ready





for service. 50 sows at Farmers Prices. Satis-

faction Guaranteed, J. C. Barney. Goldwater, Mich,





 





 





PECIAL SALE of large. good style. prolific,young

and mature Poland China. Sows bred to extra

heavy boned boars. Robert Neve, Pierson, Mich.

”‘fir of spring furrow, wei ht



P0 C- so S 175 lbs. up to 27.51%. 'I‘lfiigcy

are the'kind that makes buyers money, and thevsre

all bred to the two best boats in Michigan. RUFF

ROCK COCKERELH. from prize-winning birds,





priced to move them quick. All stock shipped C 0.11.

WM. WAFFLE. Jn., Coldwater,ll1lch. Both Phones,





FRANCISCO FARM POLAND-CHINAS.





Three choice spring boars still on hand. ThEy are

priced to sell. P. P. POPE. Mt. Pleasant. Mich,





(NOOD POLAND CHINA GILTS. bred or open.

I Sired by such leading hours as L. & W. Sunshine

Peri. No. 71503, Second Spell No. 114791, All Right No



144323 and Conqueror. ‘Weigbt about 200 lbs. Smooth.

silky black coats. and shipped on approval. Write

if you are wanting something good. No cheap stuff





 





 





 





 





offered. JOHN RIENSTRA, Parkville, Mich.

MICHIGAN HEADQU ARTER ESEAHSS





Two herd boars bred by Peter Mouro. for sale. Bred

sows, pigs not akin. J. C. BUTLER, Portland. Mich.

with size,.





P. C. BOARS and SOWS b0... u...





quality. WOOD & SONS, Saline. Mich.





POLA DID—CHINA Gilts. bred. Light Brahma. B.

P. Rock and White Wysndotte cockerels for

E. D. BISHOP, Route 38, Lake Odessa, Mich.





LARGE ENGLISH YORKSHIRES.





Very prolific, large boned. vigorous April boar pigs

ready for full service 315 each. April Gilts bred to far-

row next spring 020 each. Your money back if you are

not satisfied. COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville, Mich.





 





 





sale.
JAN. 23, 1909.





, ers in egg production—it cannot fail to

excite wonder as to whether the simp-

licity of the method is not its chief (pos-

sibly its only), recommendation. * " "

The improvement of a. race by selective

breeding is a vastly, more complicated

matter than it. is assumed to be by those

who maintain that one need. only to breed

from the best to insure improvement. The

Supposed facts of heredity on which the

practical stock breeder (working for util-

ity points), operates, are in very large

part, inferences rather than facts. What

is needed more than anything else for

advancement of the stock-breeding in-

dustry in all its phases, is an accumula-

tion of definite knowledge of the funda-

mental principles of the hereditary pro-

cess. All breeding operations must be

based on the laws of inheritance in or-

ganisms. The practical stock breeder is

able to work out the applications of

these laws for'himself. What he most

needs is broader and deeper knowledge

of the laws themselves. This knowledge

must come from thorogoing, purely scien~

tific investigations.



The study of the scientific aspects of

the question of live stock improvement

is a great work for Experiment Stations

and Agricultural Colleges. The more

practical part of the problem may and

ought to be investigated by the members

of this association and by the intelligent





breeder on his own farm. Bakewell,

Booth, Bates, Cruikshank—these were

all practical farmers who studied live





stock improvement from practical view-

points. They had none of'thc aids of

modern science. If the biologist and the

practical breeder will but join heads and

hands in the study of this question we

feel sure that great results will be ac-

complished. So long as these two remain

apart, one working in his laboratory and

the other upon his farm, progress will

be very slow.



Following this address an opportunity

was given to ask questions, which sev-

eral improved, and Prof Dean made his

ideas with regard to the balanced ration

a little more clear, indicating that he

thot it Valuable as a guide to the intelli-

gent feeder but not something that should

be followed absolutely and inflexibly.



The next number was an address on

“Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Economic

Bearing,” by Dr. C. E. Marshall, of M.A. C.

This was followed by an address on the

“Methods of Eradicating Bovine Tu-

berculosis,” by Prof. J. J. Ferguson, of

Chicago. This subject is one of such

economic importance to the live stock

men of Michigan that we will refrain

from commenting upon these papers at

this time and publish them in full, or at

least give liberal abstracts of them, in

a future issue.



Afternoon Session.



The first business of the afternoon was

the election of ofiicers, which resulted in

the following choice: President, E. N.

Ball, of Ann Arbor; vice-president, Prof.

R. S. Shaw, of 1%. A. C.; secretary, A. C.

Anderson, of East Lansing; treasurer, C.

S. Bartlett, of Pontiac. The old execu—

tive committee, consisting of T. F. Mars-

ton, Bay City, W. H. Schantz, Hastings,

H. H. Ilinds, of Stanton, (l. B. ll'upp, of

Birmingham, and F. R. Crandall, of How-

ell, was rc-clcctcd in a body.



Beef Production in the Corn Belt

“'as the subject of the. first address by

liircctor E. A. Burnett, of Nt-braska Ex—

periment Station. The speaker referred

to the production of feeders and the, fat-

tening of beef cattle as two separate

departments of the business which under

prescnt conditions, are followed sepa-

rately, the production of the fccdcrs be—

ing the part of the western ranchman or

farmer, and the feeding or fattening of

the animals being carried on lnof‘c largely

by the farmers of the corn belt. 11o rc—

ferrcd to the modern tendency toward

the production of baby beef, stating that

in this kind of feeding the selection of

animals of good breeding was essential. He.

also made the point that a high class of

roughage consisting of good alfalfa or

clover hay is essential to

class of feeders in a minimum of time.

In his state calves or ycarlings are pur—

chased in the fall, fed on a good 01,153

of roughage and a fairly liberal grain

ration thruout the winter and then turned

out on the grass and finished as baby

beef for the summer market with a good

grain ration. In speaking of the balanced

ration for beef production, Prof. Burnett

stated that where alfalfa or clover hay

was available it had not been found nec-

essary to buy concentrates rich in pro-

tein, but where roughage of poor quality

is fed it is good economy to use such





finishing this.





' THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





concentrates in the grain ration. He did

not advocate western methods for Mich-

igan but thot the small feeder here might

buy his stock from the neighborhood or

produce his feeders from a good herd of

milking cows, making the dairy business





an adjunct to that of feeding for beef,

as he believes any other plan of pro-





ducing feeders would be too expensive to

follow. He spoke of hog feeding as an

industry which‘must necessarily accom-

pany the feeding of beef cattle to make

the operation profitable in most cases,

and believes that cattle feeding in the

corn bclt could not continue under present

methods without the practice of following

cattle with hogs, in which case it is

found most economic to feed the corn

in the ear or shelled; In reference to

pastures on which cattle are to be fin-

ished the emphasized the point that they

should not be overstocked, which is fatal

to the growing of a maximum amount of

forage which would make the process

profitable. Altogether the address was

an inspiration to‘those who followvthe

business of cattle feeding, either as a





specialty or a side issue.

The closing number was an address

on the “Benefits of Improved Blood to





the General Farmer,” by G. Arthur Bell,

of the l‘. S. Bureau of Animal Husbandry.

The address was a plea for the tip-breed-

ing of all live stock by the use of pure

bred sires. Space will not permit us to

review his address in this issue to the

extent which it merits but it provoked

considerable discussion among the live

stock men present, and will be, we have

no doubt, a potent influence in inducing

many of them to spread the doctrine of

the breeding-up of live stock in their

respective communities.



Thus closed the most successful and

enthusiastic session of this organization

in the 18 years of its history.





 





FITTING FINE WOOL SHEEP FOR

THE FAIRS.





 





Much has been sail about fitting stock

for exhibition purposes at fairs. People

have the idea that an animal fitted for

show is practically valuless for breeding

purposes after the fairs are over. This

may be true with a few classes of stock,

but does notobtain in the cases of the

great majority of show animals. It is

possible we may have to except most of

the mutton breeds of sheep that are

fitted to winning form, if we may believe

what their own breeders and exhibitors

tell US. In the case, of the Merino sheep,

however, its is different. It is possible

that, if an exhibitor were fitting for a

certain class of fairs at which mutton

judges officiated in the fine wool rings,

he might, by triying to meet the. demands

of these judges succeed in ovcrfitting his

stock, but this would take more than one

season‘s fitting, so that there is little

danger of such results. So far as the

Michigan exhibitor is concerned when fit-

ting for the Michigan fairs, an abundance

of fat counts for but little when exhibiting

the Merino of any breed.



The first and most essential point

fitting Merino sheep is to get size. Keep

the young stock growing from the time

of its first appearance till it reaches ma-

turity. This insures a stronger constitu-

tion and greater development than can

be sccurcd in any other way. Of course,

this means that plenty of bone and

muscle—making feed is to be. supplied dur-

ing the growing period, with only suffi-

cicnt fattening feed to kccp the carcass

plump and well rounded out while dc,—

vcloping. For growing stock I am quite

fond of a ration of cqual parts ofcorn, oil

of a ration of equal parts of corn, oil

meal, bran and oats, with loss or no corn

in the summer and plenty of roots in the

winter. Since the fleece is the first 0):}.

sidcration in thc finc wool breeds, I be-

lieve we want the shccp that: enters the

show ring to he as nr‘nrly as possible in

idcal form as to flcccc as well as to car—

This is best attained by making it

possible to put the, sheep in the ring with

nearly, if not quite. a full year‘s fleece.

This means shearing in the fall. Some

mcn seriously object to this fall shearing,

but I prefer a sheep honestly shorn in

October or November to one partly shorn

in March or April. Stubble shearing ls

reprehensible, for almost invariably the

shearer will vary the length of the fleece

while. so doing so that it presents differ-

ent lengths on different parts of the body.

Again, a stubble shorn fleece nearly al-

WFWS shows that it has been stubble

shorn and does not present as attractive

a. surface as a uniform, closely shorn

fleece of the same length. There is an—

other consideration also. I have never

seen but one fine wool sheep judge but





in





("1153.





what wouldbe fooled by the longer fleece

on the same type of stock, and so the

judges have forced the exhibitors, who

care to make a favorable showing when

the awards are made, to shear so as to

have nearly a year’s growth when they

take their stock into the show ring.

Shearing rules are of no value, save to

forbid stubble shearing, since this is so

easily distinguished and, when a judge

is so instructed, he can easily throw out

such stock. Rules that limit time of

shearing are and can never be enforced,

so all they serve to do is to scare the

novice into making an unsatisfactory

show, no matter how good his stock may

be, and give the other fellow who shows

regardless of rules, an unfair advantage.

Practically all the prominent fairs of the

countryhave abandoned this rule and

have thus saved a whole lot of trouble

between and with exhibitors. So much

for the shearing of the fine wool for show

purposes.



It goes without saying that show sheep





must be kept out of the rains, properly

protected from heat and flies in the

summertime. I think it has been quite

generally found that stabling and stall





feeding thruout the summer gives better

results than allowing the show stock to

pick their living. To be sure, it makes

more work, but the results pay for the

extra labor. Plenty of succulent feed such

as green alfalfa, green clover, green oats

and peas, rape, cabbage, with only a fair

amount of grain will put the sheep‘in the

finest of condition and give the younger

stock a maximum growth. This

of caring for the stock will thus obviate

all the worry about the weather and

save having to chase after the sheep every

time a wet looking cloud appears in the

sky. This means a little planning





and care,

and someone

farmer or

it. But. he





der, and some extra labor

getting them to the stock,

will say that the ordinary

breeder cannot afford to do

certainly can.

can, especially when there is nothing

difficult about it. The fellow that always

talks about what the ordinary breeder

can or cannot do is talking about the

ordinary fellow that always has Simply

ordinary stock and never could have any-

thing else no matter how much money

he might put into it or how good it might

be when he bot it.



Finally the, properly fitted Merino sheep,

no matter what breed, is not injured con-





stitutionally or for producing strong

virile stock, and no man need be afraid





of such when he gets ready to buy. Of

stock so handled must have a.

reasonable amount of exercise and the

filter will see that it has it, bccause he

cannot hope to get the, results he desires

without paying attention to this important

fcature.



I hope these, thots will be of some help

to some of our more timid Mcrino breed—

ers so that they will be, able to show the

world what they are doing.



Oakland Co. E. M. MOORE.





course,





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Horses are having a much larger sale

since the Christmas and New Year holi-

day, but the market has been oversup-

plied recently with inferior animals that

could be disposed of only by cutting

priccs. Medium weight chunks moved

off slowly under a feeble demand from all

quartcrs. while heavy horses were firm.

Heavy draftcrs sold mainly at $1Rtl01,210

per head, with commoner ones going at

$lt15 and even lcss. Small southern

chunks had a fair outlet at $600,110, and

loggers and fccdsrs were picked up by

buyers at $1650: :15. Light drivers were

fair sellers most of the time at: film/11.130,

while carriage pairs went at $312561875.

Mules sold at $7541 200 per head. F



To draw it mildly. there are hundreds

of farmers who deeply regret that they

failed to buy fecdcr cattle last fall when,

as was pointed out, prices were, tempt-

ingly low, This great opportunitv was

dilated upon at the time by farm papers,

as \chl as by live stock commission firms,

and soiilc, farmers acted promptly on the

suggestion by refilling their feed lots. A

majority of farmers failed to do so, how-

evre, taking the ground that it would

not pay to venture in with corn coni—

manding such high prices. Farmers who

delayed buying feeders until later were

compelled to pay much higher prices, and

new prices are away up. with extremely

few prime feeders available on any terms.

The fact is, cattle of a prime heavy

feeder class are really pretty good killers

and are in active demand for the butcher

trade. Meanwhile. there is a good inquirv

from many feeding sections. and in some

towns in Iowa. and Illinois great numbers

could be sold readily. It frct’iucntly hap-

pens that the price asked is an obstacle,

and While a would-be purchaser may be?

ready to pay from $4.50 to $4.75 per 100

lbs. for heavy feeder steers, he is apt to.

draw back when a higher price is de-l

manded. In short, in various locziliticsl

there are orders for feeders that, are, not

being filled. A few prime heavy feeders

havfhbeecr;l sold by stockyard speculators



in e icago market to Ohi

at $5.25 to $5.60. 0 buyers





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THE EVOLUTION OF THE CORN.

' PLANTER.





 





For years the farmer planted his

corn by hand, one man going ahead

and making the hole, probably fol~

lowed by a boy dropping the kernels

in the hole. Then some genius in—

vented a tool called a “jabber," which

made the hole and put in the seed at

the same time. A similar tool is now

in use for planting missed hills or

seed destroyed by cut—worms. Well,

that looks very slow to the vast num-

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modern corn planter. Great improve—

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planter, too. Time was when the

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on its edge was best. What we want





erE MICHIGAN FARMER.





   





 





p

p

b

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... THE DAIRY .





CONDUCTED BY COLON C.’ LILLIE.





 





 





 





CEMENT FLOORS FOR COWL‘}.





Every little while we hear some dairy-

man object to a cement floor for cows to

lie upon. They claim that where the

udder comes in contact with the cold

cement floor it is not good for the cows.

In some instances it causes inflammation

of the udder, garget, etc. While I have

had no practical experience of this kind

I know dairymen who do use cement

floors and do not have this trouble. But

it can be entirely avoided by using the

model stall. With the model stall We

have the cement floors, but a 2x4 is

placed just in front or the cow's hind

feet and the space between that and the

manger gradually fills up with bedding

and forms a mattress for the cow to lie

upon. Now, when she. wants to lie down

she steps forward and lies upon this





with a corn planter is a machine that mattress so that the udder does not come





will drop just as many hills with

three grains to the hill as possible.

Some farmers buy the edge drop and

then wish they had bought the flat





in contact with the cold floor at all. A

soft bed of this kind is even better than

a wooden floor for the cow to lie upon.

With cow stanchions, of course the bed-





drop; some purchase a flat drop and ding almost always works back into the





mourn because they





didn’t buy an gutter and leaves the place where the





edge-drop. The man who buys :1 Su- cow lies down bare, and the udder’then





perior Corn Planter doesn‘t need





for the price of one.





about them here. Prof.

corn king, of Iowa, Agricultural College,

Amos, Iowa, when inspecting the Su—

perior Corn Planter and the work it

did, expressed his admiration in no

uncertain tones. This planter has

been thoroly tricd out in all sections

of the United States where corn is

grown, meeting with the unqualified





endorsement of all users. It is made

same people who manufacture

the world—famous Superior Grain Drill,

and it is safe to say that the quality

went into this corn planter to make it‘



\Vrite to the

American Seed~

Spring-

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Then go

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Superior before buying

any other planter. It is fully guaran-

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by the





worthy of its name.

manufacturers, The

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Plantcr.

dealer and





the Superior Corn

to your implement

on seeing the





claim for it.





to can come in contact with the floor.

mourn, because he has both systems

This planter has

so many new and proven features of

merit that it is impossible to tell all

Holden, the





 





THE COVERED BARNYARD FOR

COWS.





In this part of Allegan Co. there are

quite a few farmers who keep their milch

Fcows loose in the stable; others say that

cows don't give as much milk when run—

ning loose as when tied. As I intend to

build a new barn I would like to know



which is the, best way. I am young in



the dairy business.



Allegan Co. JOHN BAKER,



‘ This inquiry from Mr. Baker brings up

a very interesting question. It is a ques-

tion, too, that the. best dairymcn differ

about. The proposition is, shall we keep

cows in stanchions or in stalls, almost

continuously, or shall we provide stanch—

idns for thenrwhile they are eating their

, cnsilage and grain and being milked, and

3 thcn turn them out into a covered barn-

‘ yard for the, rest of the time. This cov-

ered barnyard is to contain racks for

feeding hay, a watering trot”, etc., but

the grain and the cnsilage are to be fed

when the cows are contincd in their

stalls so that each can get her own share

and not steal from her ncighbru's. Of

course, I cannot speak from cxpcl'iclic‘e





 





 





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Send for this new

IPA—page. book on Silos and

Silage. 1908 edition—size 5%):

7%-in.—indexed—over 40 illus.

Used as a text book in many Agricul-

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"Silos: How to Build,” 70 pp; Concrete

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Farmers are requested to writeusforfurther

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Price $5.00 er set 1'. o. b. La Crosse.





CENTURY G UGE C0" La Crosse. Wis. Dept.M





   

   

 

 





rclativc to the convenience and benefit of

the cm‘crcd barnyard, but I can see a.

few objcctions to the plan.



The first, and most serious one, is, the.

great cxpcnsc. You must have, just about

as much barn room, so that the cows can

be fed their grain and be confined for

milking, as you would if they were to be

kept in the stable entirely without the

yard. Then, besides that, you must pro-

vide a eovcrcd yard, made reasonably

warm and of sntiicicnt size to aCcommo-

date the cows when they are not con-

fined. This would require, more space

than the original stable because the cows

moving at liberty must have more room

than when contincd in stalls. It costs

considerable, almost as much to build

this yard as it would to build the stable.

Modern cow stables are getting to be ex-

pensive, and covcrcd barnyards, properly

built, are almost as expensive. Many

people think they can't afford to have an

up-to-datc cow barn, hence it would be

diflicult to talk them into using the cov-

ered barnyard system of keeping dairy

cows.



Second, this system of keeping cows rc-

ouircs an ciiormolls amount, of bedding.

:I'Ilid you (’vcr notice how much straw it

'takcs to kccp a calf pen clean and dry

whi-rc the calvcs run loose and are tramp-

ing it down into their droppings and urine

,‘(wmtinuully7 If you ncvcr did, just take

lit upon yourself to bcd the calvcs for a

lmonth and you will see, how much straw

Fit takes to keep them dry and Clean.

‘Now, instead of two or three calf pens,

imagine that you have a whole barnyard

that must be bedded down so that the

cows can be kept clean, because. this is

;the place they sleep, and they cannot

keep clean unless you have bedding

enough to absorb all of the liquid and

practically all of the solid manure to

keep it dry. If you have sufficient bed-

ding, this is a splendid place for the

cows, and a splendid system. It is almost

impossible to get straw enough for the

old system of keeping cows where they

are confined in stalls, and I really can’t

figure out how I could manage to get





 





l





l

i

l

l





straw enough for the covered barnyard.



A third objection I should raise is that

there could be no regularity about draw-

Ing outnthe manure. .If you drew out

manure regularly from a. covered barn-

yard you would have to go over the en-

tire yard. If you did not, then you would

wait and draw at certain intervals of;

time, and would have to take it but clean 7!

and begin over again. In doingIthisL

your barnyard is never kept level but is

continually broken up by the process of

drawing out manure. It seems to me

that there would be no regularity about

this work and consequently the work

would not be accomplished systematically

as it is where the cows are confined in

stalls and ,the gutters and stables haVe

to be cleaned every day. The result would

be that when spring comes not half of

the manure would be hauled out, and

then this work would come at a time

of year when the farmer has everything

else to do. If you can overcome these

objections, and a few other minor-ones,

then I am willing to admit that this is

the most suitable and sanitary way of

keeping cows, but it does not seem to me

that it is entirely practical.





 





COW NOT DOING WELL.





IVhat would be best for a cow that is.

daily lessening her milk flow, altho she

has been frcSh only six weeks. At time

of freshening she gave 11,5 gals. of milk

per day; now she gives 31/2 qts. I feed

mixed hay and fodder with bran and chop

as a soft feed.

“Ohio. ‘ G. E. B.



A cow in good health, on this ration,

ought not to lose on her milk. I am

inclined to think that something is the

matter with the cow. It would not be

policy for me ‘to attempt to say what to

do without a chance to make a diagnosis

of the case. My advice would be to con-

sult a local veterinary surgeon. Tell him

the. conditions, explain the case fully and

let him make an examination and then

prescribe. Probably the cow needs a

tonic or something of that sort. It cer-

tainly is not a case where advice can be

given at long range thru an agricultural

paper, but it must be done on careful

investigation by a local veterinarian.





 





CROP ROTATIONS ON THE DAIRY

FARM.





 





 





The true province of the farm is to pro-

duce food for the cows and any system

of crop growing that does not provide a

nearly balanced ration for the cows is

not based upon the principles of per—

manent agriculture. Our farms should

have fewer old and run~down fields and

every acre of tillable land should be brot

up to its full capacity of crop production.

By adopting a rational system of crop

rotation we can bring up the productive

capacity of the soil and feed our cows

better and at less expense.





 





Corn, clover and small grain should

form the rotation whenever it is possible,

to grow them. No other fodder plant

equals corn when it is made into ensilage.

It is desirable in the rotation, for its

tillage increases the productivcnoss of

the soil.

easily digested. The. average dairy fai'merl

is as yet unaware of the great: capacity

for food production now lying dormant

in his land. His dairy hllslni-ss has been

built up largcly on cheap mill—feeds and!

by—products, and he has neglected to

cultivate his soil until hc can sm- no other

way than to rush with his milk check to

some fccd dealer and purcllasc the high-

priced concentrated lug—products which

the enterprising lnzillufacl'urcr has for

sale. Instead of this he should grow

crops that have food—producing powcrs

and that will yield a good amount of

protcin. lie. should cut and cure his

clovcr at" a time when it contains the

most digestible matter. Early-cut hay

is the host feed, and the best for the ro-

tation in which it is grown and harvested,

for the reason that a scoond growth is

stimulated and kccps the soil open and‘

poi-oust Corn, clover, oats, peas, early—

cut hay, ensilagc. roots and vegetables,

with a small amount of the high con—

centrates, are what may be classed as

csscntials in Compounding a balanced

ration for dairy cows. As a rule dairy-

mcn are feeding too much of the highly.





their cows.





“'hen made into cnsilage it isl





 





 





JAN. 23, 1909.





llFAH Smashed

N ow Watch '





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Now watch the Tubular





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THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR C0”





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ONE MAN DOES

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With Iron Age Riding Culti-

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Pivot or fixed

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if you haven't n Saginaw

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No invcntiun of modern time!

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maker Wherever corn. clover

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Farmers Handy Wagon Co.

Box 64 . Saginaw, Mich.





 

   

 

   

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   





   





 





DAIRY FEEDS “straits?

Choice Cotto- Seed Meal @.....$30.00 Per (0!!-

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It's more oats, peas, corn,





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W. MILTON KELLY. l





(A Splendid Hog Feed.)

@ ................................ 32 00 “





'LSpeclnl Price on 5 to 20 tons of F ED delivered.

MUTUAL SUPPLY 00.. Jackson. Mich.





 





‘FOR SALE—Hersey Creamery Plant.





Address THOS. PIEBBON. Hersey. Mich.
1

T





 





 





 





 





JAN. 23, 1909.





AT WHAT TIME IN THE FALL

SHOULD COWS FRESHEN?





.When is the best time to have cows

come in for winter milking—October, No-

vember, or December? When does Mr.

Lillie have his cows calve?



Clinton Co. . J. P.



When I began winter dairying by hav-

ing the cows freshen in the fall, I tried

to have them all drop their calves in

September, because we filled the silo at

that time and had fresh, succulent food.

I also believed I could get more out of

them by having them come in early

rather than late in the fall. From ex-

perience, however, with my conditions, 1

have made up my mind that it is just

as well, and I think a little better, to

have them come in a little later, say the

last of October and November, because

we generally have so much work in

September that the new milch cows, and

the calves, are liable to be neglected.

The fall’s work must be done and we are

straining every nerve, consequently the

cows are apt to be neglected.



On the other hand, if we have them

come in in October and November, the

fall work is well out of the way; the men

have little to do but the chores, and the

cows will receive their first attention.

I also believe you will get just as much





‘out of the cows by having them come





in in October and November as you will

if they freshen in September. Then

again, we are liable to have some quite

warm weather in September, too Warm,

in fact, for fresh cows to do their best,

and at such times the flies are very ex-

aspcrating.



The enquircr wants to know when I

have my cows come fresh. Now, to be

exact about it, I have them come fresh

whenI can. Really it’samatter that isn't

entirely under the control of the dairy-

man, altho he can govern it very much.

It is almost impossible, in a large herd

of cows, to get them all to come in at a

given time. It is practically impossible

so our cows begin to drop their calves

the last of September and they string

along until after the holidays. Several of

them haven’t come in yet; but it wasn’t

our fault. We wanted them to come in

earlier.





 





IS IT NECESSARY TO WET THE

GRAIN RATION?





Please tell me whether I can feed wheat

bran, oil meal and corn-and-cob meal,

equal parts, without water, to my cows

this winter without trouble. Have water

very unhandy.



Benzie Co. Sunscmnnn.





I think from this inquiry that sub-

scriber wants to know if he can get just

as good results by feeding the grain ra-

tion dry as to wet it. Years ago it used

to be a common practice to “slop” the

cow, that is, to mix the grain feed into a

wet slop and feed it in that way. The

common belief was that the cow got

more good out of it, that it was better

digested and assimilated if fed in the

form of a slop than if fed dry. This

practice of wetting the feed is only a.

notion. There is nothing to it whatever.

In fact, the cows will get more good out

of their grain ration by feeding it dry

than they will wet, because they chew

it more before swallowing, and mix it

'more thoroly with the saliva, consequently

prepare it for further digestion in the

stomach and alimentary canal. The

tendency of cattle when they eat a. wet

grain is to swallow it without properly

mixing it with saliva. Of course the cows

'must have all the water they want at

some time during the day and it is

reasonable to suppose that they will re-v

quire a little more Water than they would

if their grain feed was wet, because the

water used in wetting their grain takes

the place of the water they drink.





 





A GOOD AND A LIBERAL RATION.





Would like to know if I can improve my

rations for cows that give. from 11 to 13

rbs. of butter per week? Ration is as

follows: Bran and cottonseed meal.

mixed equal parts by weight, of which I

feed 10 lbs. per day with 40 lbs. ensilage

and all the, clover hay and corn fodder

they will eat ,up clean.



Allegan Co. J. J. ALBERS.



The only way that I can criticise this

ration would be to say that, in my judg-

ment, it is pretty expensive. I believe

you are feeding grain pretty heavily and

I think you 'could substitute oil meal for

wheat bran and save a little money.

Wheat bran certainly must cost you $25

or $26 a ton and you can get oil meal for

about $34. Now a ton of oil meal is

worth about as much as two tons of bran

for balancing up a ration of corn silage,

clover hay and shredded corn fodder.





The bran is costing you two-thirds as





 





{THE MICHIGAN FARMER; a; 77'





much per ton as the cottonseed meal.

My opinion is that if you Would ut out.

the bran and feed oil meal in place of it,

you could get the same results by feeding

3 lbs. of- cottonseed meal in the morning

and 3 lbs. of oil meal at night. That

would make only 6 lbs. of grain instead

of 10 lbs, and I am quite confident that

you could still further reduce the number

of pounds of grain economically. That

is, your cows might fall off a little in the

flow of milk but it would cost you less,

and you would make a larger per cent

of profit than you would by feeding too

liberally of a high-priced grain ration.

Yet when a man can get such results

from cows, I do not feel very competent

to advise. I feel more like going to him

for advice.





 





SOILING AS A SUPPLEMENT TO

PASTURE.





 





I have 40 acres of wild pasture. Soil

good clay loam covered more or less with

poplar brush. Would like to pasture dur-

ing the coming season from 15 to 20 head

of stock, but with such a season as the

past one it would appear folly to attempt

it. Could I carry that number more suc-

cessfully, the mapority being milch cows.

by breaking up 8 or 10 acres and sowing

to green fodder? Please outline a plan

in such case, stating what to sow to ob-

tain the earliest and best successive cut—





 





tings for the season.

Lapcer Co. J. A. R.

I think it entirely practical to break

up eight or ten acres of this 40-acre wild





l





pasture and grow forage to be fed as a





soiling crop to supplement the pasture.

I think it would be safe to say that the

remaining 30 acres, or 32 acres, for in allj

probability five to eight acres would be,

enough for the forage crop, would fur—l





l

I

l





nish sufficient feed for the stock until:





about August. That is when we usually

get the drth and when we ought to

have some, supplementary feed. All the

fore. part of the season these 30 to 37.

acres would furnish fccd enough for the

30 head of stock. This being the case,

I do not think it necessary to plant any-.

thing for forage with the exception of

corn. Plant an early variety and a late‘:

\‘aricty. There is no corn better for a

forage crop than sweet corn. If I broke

up eight acres of the pasture I would put

three acres to early sweet corn and five

acres to Stowell’s evergreen corn. For

the early sweet corn I would select some-

thing like the Country Gentleman, rather

a medium early corn which will grow

large stalks. Plow the ground early, fit:

it well, and plant your seed just as soon?

as the weather will permit. Plant it in‘

drills_ using about 1A. bu. of seed corn‘

to the, acre. Cultivate the land well and

if it is in good condition you will raise

a large amount of forage. Now cut this_

up and feed to the cattle just as soon as:

the pasture begins to fail. In this wayi

you could carry just as much stock out

the pasture the latter part of the season;

as you could the first. If you have any,

corn left you can cut it up and use it

for winter feed.





CANNOT GET EXHAUSTIVE CHURN-

INGS.





 





\Vhat is the matter with my cream? I

let it stand and ripen for two days, get-

ting the hutter all right in lumps, but

when we, churn it over again (that is, the





buttermilk), we get some more. butter. l





Osceola Co. N D. B. l

One cannot answer this question with





any degree of satisfaction without know- , '

ing more about the conditions. I would?-





i

l .





cold. At this time of the year, or during' .





say, from this limited amount of infor—

mation, that the cream is churned too





cold weather, you have to churn cream a

little warmer than in the summer time.

I should say that this cream ought to be

churned at 65° or 70° in order to get

exhaustive churnings. Then again, if you

have your churn too full, so that when

the churn is revolved you don’t get properl

concussion, you will not get complete sep-tI





 





 





x :-





LIKE A THIEF ATNIGHT

THE DREAM SEPARATIIII

THAT BAN’T SKIM GLEAN





Dairyauthorities the w .rld over agree that the centrifugal sep-



irator is indispensable t) the man who owns milk cows. And

Why? Simply because it saves his crealm, hence his money. The

more cream saved, the m re mo ey, that’s sure. But unfortunately

,many separators do not save all the cream. And worse still the

biggest of claims are made for these machines. Such separators

are like a thief at night or the pickpocket who with an innocent

face rubs our elbow and then robs us of our wallet. Because of

inferior and out—of—date howl construction, these separators, un-

lknown to the users of them, daily lose a big percentage of the

lcream.

i It is easy to be deceived into buying a “piekpocket” separator,

but it is just as easy to avoid buying one if we will but take the

advice of those whom We know are experienced separator judges.

[991,42 per cent of all expert creamerymen, butter manufacturers and

real separator authorities living to-day use DE LAVA I. separators

{exclusively, for they have learned by experience that the DE

ILAVAL is the only separator that will save all the cream all the

time, under all conditions. And the reason for this fact is plain.

It is found in the improved Dittt‘llt DI‘OtH'lOd l)E LIXVAL “Alpha-

Disc,” separating bowl. It is different from any other bowl and its

peculiar construction is the secret of 1,)le LAVAL clean skimming.

Ask for our illustrated catalog which explains the DE LAVA].

bowl in detail as well as many other interesting features.





THE DE LAVAL SE‘PARATOR co.





173-177 WILLIAM STREET

MONTREAL

14 & 16 PRINCESS STREET

WINNIPIO

107 FIRST STREET

PORTLAND. Okla.





 





 





 





42 E. MADISON STREET

CHICAGO

1213 d: 1215 FILBERT ST.

PHILADELPHIA





General Offices:

165—167 BROADWAY

NEW YORK.





DRUMM & SACRAMENTO 8'“.

SAN FRANCISCO





 





Feed





- is the money-making feed for dairy-



7101']. Rich in Protein, Fat and Carbohy-



drate-s in correct; proportion for heavy milk



making. Feed Badger 15 days and the milk pail



will tell a glad story. Our Free Feed Book is full



of helpful hints and practical experiences of dairymen



telling how they get best results from feeding, breeding,



etc. Shows how to make more money out of your cows—and



how to feed better at less cost. Write a postal for iatoday. Bad-

ger is sold by dealers. If yours can’t; supply you Write to us.





Chas. A. Krause Milling (30., Dept. 106, Milwaukee, Wis.





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

     

 





Get 'My Price 35.573535





On a Firs t-Glass Manure Spreader

Yours to Try Free My NEW Roller-“Food Spreader.

30 Days— Freight Greatest thing in tho spraadep





Prepaid if“ line today





Let me tell you something- I’m mak-





 

 





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





   





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 





 





ing a. quotation on the tlalloway Wag- 4' n: i . ~ 4:: 7

on llox Spreader so low that farmers all GALLOWAY l <77 |

over the country are takmg notico— swu'c‘llian WnGa

and sending in their orders while they can ‘ , . _ ., x. ‘ * ' 5‘ “Erw‘

get them at this figure. The name— . ‘ ‘L\v , , lE'I'--'V‘ “ -

runaway " V .1: ‘ “ ' “r ’

##3»: I \





Is a. guarantee of manure spreader excel-

lence all over the United States—and every

one of my Spreaders is backed by my 025,000

Gold Bond.



Here are four things to remember In connection

with the Galloway: I. It‘s the only successful

wagon box Spreader in the U.B. 2. It has 7 distinct,

separate, original patents. Nothing else like it—or

as good. They alone make it worth 825 to $30 more

than any other. 3. My own Factory turns ’em out,—

capaclty, Seventy Complete Spreaders a day. 4, I

make you a. price that sells them. That price is the

loan“ ever made on a. first-clan Manure Spreader.



But before you risk one cent on my Spreader I

send it to you to try 30 days free. profits. Write me crummy—TODAY-



The Galloway Wagon Box Spreader fits any truck Wm. Jalloway, President





The Wm. Galloway 00., 649 Jefferson St., Waterloo, la.





J 1 a;





,I \,

‘1‘? Wagon

$25,000 Guarante-





or high—wheel wagon and is made in 4 sizes, up to

70 bushels. My big, Ii‘ree Spreader Catalog and my

Special lied Hot Proposition are Waiting for you-—

Spend a. cent for a postal today and get you: name

to me at once. I'll make you the lowest. price ever

offered on u. lint-clans Spreader—Fruit!!! I" PIN--

and show you how to clean up $50.00 clear cash





'a

I





$35





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





 





 





aration of the butter globules. Again, if,

you have fresh cream mixed with your,

ripened cream, you will not get it all the.

first churning. For instance, if you haycl

some cream that is several days old thatl

has become ripened and sour, and then you 1

become ripened and sour, and then you‘

put in fresh cream that is not sour, the.





 

 





 





EP Mlll-S IIIIIES and F088





Different from all others. 4 or 2 llorses‘



neared 10m 1 or 7 to 1. Grind Corn with shacks Make money by shipping your Hides and Furs to



or without. And all small grains including 118- Smullshipments our specialty- We give each



- ; 0,1,5 and Wheat. (Mm ml“ 1 .1". 1,... mm“ :lllplllcnt ourjpersonal attention. and make cash re-

urns same ay shipmentisrcccived. Established



D.N.P. Bowshcr C0.. South Bend. [flaw , 1n1865. The steady growth of our business for 43



years is accounted for by our thousands of perm!»





   





 





l

ripened cream will churn and the other FOR YOUR HIDEIS SAKE {igélgzatgmfilllglxis Writerorour latest price





will not. In other words, the ripened





cream, and then, if you churn the button,

milk again, you will finally get butter

from some of the fresh cream that you





mm ,H , 1‘ 1 “(or th th f I Have it tanned with the hair on for a , Door'ev Bros” 226 Kinzie St. Chicago. Ill.

" m W1 0‘ n " q ” a" e m“ coat, robe or rug. Send for price list. l





 





, .oyoast nun LARGEST

Thew°““'“gni.:‘l§f;in. iuousz. IN)- THE WEST





   





 





put in last. If you have milk from strip-

per eows in the winter time, and have

trouble about the churning, I think it is

a good plan to scald, or pasteurize, the

[milk before it is set for crewming.





 





 





 





NICORN DAIRY RATION anagrams:





every Farmer and Stock Raiser should know '

’ all about. 72% of d ' '

matter, and 22% protein—No salt. or filler. This is far more digestihglgsfggdlf £§§§33





than any other d ‘ f d -

Write. CHAPIN 831516. $30): igenggficoetfii. YMade of A3212: Flakes properly balanced.
all.

z

i

i:

ll

1





. 1W:





 





78 (10)





‘ FARMS Alli] FARM lANDS

FOR SALE iiR EXBHANRE





for good farm In southeastern Mich-

"a" Purchas" igan. State. prices and particulars.

THOS. KISSAN E. 202 Whitney Bldg. Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





OR SALE—120 acre farm. good soil. well fenced

fair buildings 1 mile from town and milk station

on R. F. D. Route and Independent and Bell tele-

phone lines. FLOYD E. LOTT. Cohoctah. Mich.





BEST FARMS .0. the money m

Michigan. List free.



E. N. PASSAGE. Plymouth, Mich.

on SALE. all or half. 220 acres. Zhouses. 3barns.

wagon houses. windmill. 45 acres hard wood.





near Byron Township Burns. Shiawassee County.

Inquire MRS. H. A. GREENAWAY. Howell. Mich.





near town. flne buildings. Big

146'Acre Farm! Bargain. Forty Four Hun-

dred. Inquire W. H. LOVELY.Howard City.MIch.





MICHIGAN FARM S’I‘é‘é‘s





Southern .1; Central CountiesTTWrite for list. 8. R.

HAYES. Ashton Building, Grand Rapids. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





—FARM OF 200 ACRES. 140 im.

For saIe proved. good soil and buildings.

Address the owner. THOSIPIERSON, Hersey.Mich.





CALIFORNIA 11111) '1 cm ”we“



9 balance purchase 90 cents

month per acre: close San Francisco: no taxes; no in-

terest: B-acretracts: level. rich. clear: ready to plow:

irrigated: perpetual water rights;immediate posses-

sion; particulars. maps. photographs free. STEV-

INSON COLONY. ', 1414 Market St... San Francisco.





for your property whereyer located. If you

, . want to sell, send description and price.

If you want to buy, state your wants.





Northwestern Business Adency

S312 Bank of Commerce 81113., Minneapolis, Minn.





when you can buy

the Beat Land in

Michigan at from

.6 to .10 an acre





near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for map and par

ticulars. Clear title and easy terms. Swan-mom) 13305..

(owners) 16 Merrill bldg.. Saginaw. W. 5.. Mich.





Sliliili FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. 130%???





maw County. about 50 acres ,cleared. good two-story

frame house. basement barn chicken house. corn

crib. granary and sheep shed. flue pasture and plenty

of elegant water. Can use stock at general merchan-

dise or bunch of horses and cattle.



Address S. care Michigan Farmer. Detroit. Mich.





FARMS





116 acres—m miles from Detroit. gravel loam:



9-room house. 3 barns. many outbuildings.

l.ile to school .............................. $6. 500

1606 a efl—14 miles from Detroit.‘ sets buildings 9 000



SEN ND FOR CATALOG OF 1000 FARMS.



“FARM HEADQUARTERS"

CHAS. D. FISK E.

713-14- 15 Chamber of Commerce. Detroit. Mich.





CHOICE VIRGINIA FARMS





Along Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. as low as $5 per acre.

Rich Soil. Mild Winters. Good Markets. For Hand-

some Booklet and Low Excursion Rates address 0. n

WALL, Iteai Estate Agent, C. S: 0. Railway. Box (1, Itiehmond.Va.





Money Making Farms





Oranges. figs. pecans. vegetables and staple crops

pay $100 to $500 an acre. Our land is located where

the temperature ranges between 55 and 80 degrees

above zero the year around. This land is high.

perfectly drained. pure water. half hour from (ily

(79,000) and near to gulf. Ideal place for home,

health. profit. Low price. easy terms. attracting

desirable class of settlers. Free booklet.



IRVINGTON LAND CO”

948. 153. LaSalle Street.





Farmers Make Money





the year round in the South, Why keen on living

in a cold climate on high priced lands growing

only one crop: Come to Tidewater, Virginia

and Carolina. ideal climate; three crops a

year; richest farming lands; low prices and easy

terms. \l'riteforlltcraturc.





F. L. MEIIIIITT. Land and lndusl‘l Agi.. Iioriolk and Southern

Railway. 20 Citizens Bank Building. Norfolk. Va.





A HOME and PROSPERITY





Where science has triumphed over nature.

Where one sure crop at guaranteed prices nets

8100 per acre. Another sure crop nets over $75 per

acre. Where cotton is sure for one bale per acre and

often makes two. Oranges. bananas. garden truck.

often nets over $500 per acre. Let us tell you about

this wonderful irrigated land that is sure of yield.

low in price. easy to buy. easy to cultivate. grows

everything. and gives robust health—climate never

prevents outdoor work.



ALBA HEYWOOD. Pres. San Benito. Texas.





Cheap Tennessee Farms

— Making Men Rich!





Fortunes are being made on fertile ’l ennes-

see farms. 'l‘hcy raise big crops of Canta-

loupcs. ( abbagc.’1‘somatoc . String Beans,

Grecn Corn. ctr. .nlso Horse 5, (luttlc Shccp. Swine

Poultry and E urns “rite inc at once for Eric

Literature. I'll tell You hon to m is one of thr >1

splcndid forms for S") to $21) pcr licrc. Ac t. (1111c ‘kh!

II. F. Smith, Traf. dignN. (‘. kflt. ll. liy.liept. I’, linshvilieflenn.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





CHICAGO.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





OREGON





Have you sloppcd to Conraidcr what

grout opportunities cxist in this fnvorcd

region for safe 41nd 1111111111111» immst-

111cm? Thousands urn cumin}r hrrc from

the East 11nd Middlc \Vcst. 1.11mi vzllucs

zlrc advancing and will continue to ad-

vunce with tho rapidly growing populo—

iion. If you wont valuable and rclinblo

information about city l‘(‘;il estate, su—

burban acreage, form. fruit or timbcr

lands, write us. “'0 have made moncy

for others: we can make it for you. We

furnish pamphlets frec; personal inquiries

carefully nuswcrod. '





BRUBAKER 6: BENEDICT,

501:502 McKay Bldg.. - Port and. Oregon





THE ",MAIQHI'GAN FARMER.





LP 91111111113115?





 





 





 





SOME GENERAL] HINTS 0N DUCK

' RAISING.





Ducks should prove profitable on the

average far-m. They are easy to raise,

develop fast and soon are ready for the

market. There is a good profit derived

from selling them for broilers, but if

kept until five or six months old before

selling them their feathers become quite

an item. .



Duck eggs may be set under hens in

April or May. It takes four weeks for

them to hatch. They should be sprinkled

with warm water on the twenty—sixth

day. Vthn the ducklings are 24 hours

old fccd thcm the same as young

chickens. Each hen should be given

eight or ten and have a coop by her-

self. Fecd and care for them as you

would chickens. A brook, river, or pond

near by is n11 exccllcnt thing for the

ducks but not absolutely esscntial.



“’l1cn the (Ilicks reach two pounds in

weight, or over, if it is desired to 'sell

them as broilcrs they should be con-

fined for :1 week and fed all the corn

meal mash or wet cracked c0111 they

will cut. One can ship them alive or

dressed as he prcfcrs.



If one is to kccp thom long. plenty

of range should be givcu them. Keep

them growing,r until you wish to dispose

of them about Thanksgiving time. Be-

fore murketing confine thcm one week

and food all the corn meal mash or wet

cracked corn they will cut. Darkcn the

pen so the ducks will not take much

o‘vcrcisc. It is surprising how much

Weight. ihcy will add in a week's time.



Ducks nrc more tractable than hens

71nd inoro czisily cared for. They can

b'n tumcd with {1 little care. Those

hut arc kcpt over for brooding: stock

should linvc dry quortcrs but may be

allowcd to run out. all winter. The

thick down

scvcro cold.



“'hcn it comcs to broods. thc Pckin

is probably tho most popular and 1121s

provcn :1 most desirable brccd for

market purposcs.

arc kcpt for both plcusurc and profit

arc the Aylcsbury, Roucn, Muscovy,

(Tuyugzl and Cl'cstcd Whitc.



A. G. SYMONDS.



Now IInmpshirc.



PROFITABLE EGG PRODUCTION UN-

DER PRESENT CONDITIONS.





 





'l‘hc post full hz1d thc rc-putulion of

havingr boom 11 hzlrd one to get the pullcts

to doing: a rospr-r-tdblc stunt in the way





of cgg‘ production. I‘p to the pl‘t‘Sl-llt time

:1 good many flocks are not paying fccd

bills. while others are paying a good

profit.



One man near me is getting 300 eggs a





Some Home-made Hive





 





dzly from 800 layers. Anothcr with 150

is getting ncxt to none. I think the fall

was as good as any, thcrc bcing vcry

little cxtrt-mcly cold wczllhcr, but I am

afraid tho high pl‘iccs of grain are at the

imiiom of illf“ ll‘olllih‘.



My own flock of 22“, all pullcts 11nd fcw

\'('I'_\' curly hatched, is doing" leirly woll.

\Vc bcgun gctiiug‘ lfrqs Nm 6 11nd for

some time have been :u'cmging about

six dozcn 11 day. Thcy showed :1 good

profit for Der-umber. which was cncoumg-

1111:, as the food bills run into (money fast.



There is little chance for argument on

fceding. Hens. like COWS, must be full-fed

to produce eggs in paying quantities. The

matter of compounding a ration is small

compared with the art of dealing out the

food so that it will be turned into eggs





protects them from the‘





Olhcr breeds which.





 





instead of body fat.

nation is plenty of exercise and not too

much corn. ' .

This winter the mash for my 220 layers

has contained 7 qts. meal, 1’10 qts. coarse





bran, 5 qts. ground alfalfa,~2 to 3 qtsf





dry meat scrap, and 2 qts. granulated

charcoal. fed about sunrise.

two feeds consist of about 15 qts. wheat

at noon and the same of cracked corn at

night, given in quite dcep litter.



The health of the flock has been very

satisfactory and theyare gaining in egg

production daily. Oyster shells is all they

have for grit. I cannot get them to use

other grit when shells are kept before

them continuously, and have never been

able to do so. so I consider that the shells

must be sufficient for the purpose.



It is gratifying to see so many more

farmers trying for winter eggs and, in a

good many instances, succeeding wcll.

This winter a. good paying flock of fowls

is a great help. More, too, are starting

a book account with their flocks. This

will result in more hens being kept. It

takes little more time to crirc for 100

than for 50 and durlng the winter one

can take care of 200 or 300 if he is only

doing chorcs about home.



This locality, within a radius of 10 to

12 miles. has many thrifty poultry plants,

the owncrs carrying;r all the way from

200 to well up toward 2.000 layers. In

most (‘tlSi‘S those plants are run by men

who utilize hens in quite large numbers

as a part of their farm scheme, because

they have found thcm profitable.



In most casts whcrc hcns are kept in

sufficient numbers to warrant it, the eggs

are shippcd to Boston, and the broilers

and poultry sold locally, the summer

hotels making 21 heavy demand from June

to Scptcmbcr. .



Poultry products must Continue to rule

high as long as the high prices of grain

continue. A good many have reduced

thcil‘ stock. This. too, will have 21 tom]-

cncy to kccp prices up, and while grain

is so high fewer will vcnturc to start,

which will be a wise course unless they

understand pretty well how to handle

poultry for profit.



Maine. . D. J. RYTHER.





-HI.NTS ON HOME-HIVErMAKING.‘



T11c_rq_ure .Cil‘cumslnnges undcr which

it will pay to make hive bodies, bottoms

and cchrs at home. When this .is the

case is host zlscorlzlincd by the bockccper

himsclf. if one can cnrn five dollars a

day at some other work, it, manifestly,

will not pay to prociico homo hive mak-

ing. The hivcs hnd thcn bottcr be pur-

chosz-d with the rnloucy ourucd. But not

all can connnnnd such wages, during the

wintcr scuson at lcust, but many have

leisure time during tho ('ohi smsou.



I have made :1 good many bodies; and

have purchased morc. My covers 11nd

bottom-boards are all ho:11<-111:1de. Not

so much mathematical correctness is nec-





 





Tops and Bottom Boards.

ossory in these as in the bodies and 1111!

i‘l‘nnn-S.



\Yhitc pino is about the host lumber for

bodics (111d frown-s. If I livcd “out wcst”

I would use rmlwood. It is more brittle

iiuln whitc piuc, so splits czlsicr whon

nailing, but. Ollicrwisc it is on cxccllcnt

Wood for bodies. and still bcttcr for cov-

crs. \thn it is just as chcup 11s whito

pine I Would use it. As it 1-:111 be had

perfectly clcnr and of any width up to

24 inchcs, it mnkcs the best single—piccc

covers of any lumber I know of. I have

never used it for bodies, simply because

I have white pine timber of my own

This, perhaps, is one reason why it; has

paid me to make hive bodies.



If you have decided to make some





shives. get your lumber dressed on both





The ,key to the sit-'





The other '





 





 





 





 





 





Do you'want a Fine

farm for little money





--a farm that' 13 bigger than you can afford to

own where you live now?



—a farm that will grow bigger crops than you

can grow on your present farm?



—-a farm that will make you a good living and

leave you some profit besides?



—a farm that will grow more valuable each year!

You can get such a farm





in the Southwest





along the Cotton Belt Route in Southeast

Missouri. Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas.



Some of the finest land in the Southwest lies

along this line. It can be bought on easy terms

for $5 to $25 an acre.



The low rates offered by the Cotton Belt each

month would make a. trip of investigation very

cheap and profitable.



Do you want to know more

about this land”! Write me for

free copies of beautifully illus-

trated books about this great

country. It will pa you

readl: h.em Write to ay.





E. W. LaBEAUME,

Gen. Pm. and Ticket Agent,

1554 Pierce 31113.. St. Louis. MO.





 





 

   





Save time. horses. work

and money by usmg an





Electric Handy Wagon





Low wheels. broad tires. No

living man can build a better.

Book on ”WheeiSense”free.



EIscirle Mimi Co. 3158. Quincy. III.





   

   

   

   





nil-J





is a sure cure for smut in oats and

P“ R I c I “E scab on potatoes Write for catac

log or terms. Agents wanted.





Sporicide Chemical 00.. Atlanta. New York.





 





 





Pulls stump 7 feet diameter. Only

‘ Steel Stump Puilpr Il‘at. tory in the

_world making their own Steel Cast-

lugs. Guaranteed for 500 horse power

strain. Catalog & discounts. Address





ZIIIIMERMANM STEEL C0., - Lone Tree, Iowa.





Get An Insurabie

fiincubator or None





Now that the Fire Insurance Com-





 





 





 

 





n





i3“ 15!





 

 

 





panics have laid down Rules you are

"WWW"; not safe in bu 111g any incubator

'NSUR‘BLEI that does not hear the Insurance





Label. Our Free 212- Page Book





explain r1.s duress Nearest office





CYPMERS NOUBATOR COMPANY. BUFFALO: N. Y._





Boston, Mass, New York (‘it .(hicage, 111.;

Ci ty. Mo.- , Oak and. Cal.





Money Returned





If any of the following Poultry Remedies fail to

give the results claimed for them.





Hardlng’s Positive Cholera Cure. 25c. By mall 401:.





 





Harding’s Successful Roup Cure, - By mall 50c.

Harding’s Lice Killer 25c. - - By Mail 40c.

Hard‘ng’s Scaly Leg Cure. 25c. - By mall 35c.





Harding’s Sheep Dip. -' - $1.25 per gallon





If your dealer cannot supply you. I will. Take

no substitute. Catalogue free.





6E0. L. HARDING, 209 Water Street, Binghamion, II. I.

Michigan Rest Whito and Golden Wyandolles.





Barred Rocks. Rhode Island Reds. Rose and Single

(‘omb White. Brown. Butheghorns, S. S Hamburgs.

Bronze. White and Bull" Turkey Toms, $4.00 each.

Toulouse. Embden. Gray African. Brown and

White China Geese. All varieties of ducks.



E. J. HASKINS, Pittsford. Mich.





AMIVIOTH BRONZE TURKEYS. beauti-

ful plumage, standard bred. MRS THOS.

WYCKOFF. Rambouillet Farm Orchard Lake. Mich





 





 





BUFF ROCK COCKERELS—Healthy. handsome.

Farm raised. Good size and color. Price $1 up.

\VILLIS S. MEADE. R. No. 3. Holly. Mich.





OR SALE—20 White Wyaudotte Cockerels $2. 50'

$3. 00 & $3. 50 each. From 1 igorous and good lay

lng stock. A. Franklin Smith. Ann Arbor. Mich-





R 0 BROWN LEGHORN COCKERELS

. . and puilets. Standard breed Farm Range

birds. $1 and 01. 50 each. J. R. Inskeep. Holly. Mich.





 





70 B. C. Red 0’ k’ls. vigorous. farm raised from

1) prize winning stock only $1. 50 MRS. A. J.

HARMON. Andover. 0. Menu. R. I. Red Clubof Am.





now is in 1.50 each:

Barred “00k P1111915 fine ckyls.gozs.oo. Satis.

faction guaranteed. B. D. AMES. Ypsilanti. Mich.





 





 





Only 50 ccckerels 25 pullets

8- 0- Brown leghorns. left" for sale. Bes't birds on

earth for the farmers. Order to— —day. Satisfaction

guaranteed. RED MOTT. Lansing. Mich.





 





SILVER Golden and White Wyandottes. A nice

9 lot of good ccckerels still left. Satisfac-

tion Guaranteed. C. W. Browning. Portland. Mich.





Single Comb Black Minorca Cockorols £25,,“éfi'om’:





pullets also. R. W. MILLS. Saline. Mich.





 





 





Br 11" Black Minorca. Buff Orpington. R. I.

39 3- Bedsits” while they last Bed ccckerels

and pullets. Edwina. Cornish. Edwardsburg. Mich





 





 





DOGS.





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





of the best English strains in Ameri-

ca; 40 years experience in breeding

these fine hounds for my own sport.

I nowfl offerI them for sale.



amp for Catalogs:

T. B. HUDSI’ETH. Sibley. Jackson 60.. Mo.





_. i

COLLIES ,£‘°§‘.1e.b“§i‘§§ $33: W255





vice. W. J. ROSS, Rochester. Mioh.‘
n





 





 





JAN. 23, 1909.





sides. If it is left rough on the inside

the bees will smear everything full of

propolis; and to have the outer surfaces

rough is undesirable on account of paint-

ing, etc. I would not have the edges

planed, as usually the work is not accu—

rate enough. Get a carpenter'5 jointer

plane and, after having ripped the boards

to the desired width, you can plane the

edges nice and exact, not narrower at

one end than at the other as is some-

times the result of machine planing.



The end pieces for the hive body are

to be cut so as to fit between the side

pieces. Cut them nice and square so

they will fit Well. The side pieces need

not be cut so exact. I oftentimes cut

them longer and saw them off after the

body 'is nailed.



When nailing together a body, first lay

your square on the side piece and make

a straight line where the inside of the

end piece is to come. enabling you to

get the end piece in square. When nail-

ing in the second end piece, measure

the inside of the hive, not the outside.

If you measure on the outside, and the

lumber varies in thickness, the inside of

the body win be either a little too large

or too small. That’s bad, for it results

in bur combs and frames tightly fastened

with propolis. The hives may even be

enough too small. to prevent the frames



being gotten in. I have had this expe-

rience and had to knock some of my

first hives apart. So never fail to get

the length and depth of a hive exact.

The Width I do not consider so important.



After the body is nailed, holdgthe square

inside. If diamond shaped, force square

and drive down nails again. This should





be done before nailing on the end cleats,‘





as these will hold the hive square. -



The end cleats referred to are nailed at

the top of each end. They serve for the

purpose of lifting the hive. Then, with

me, they also serve another use. I cut the

end pieces 34—inch narrower than the side

pieces. In factory-made hives only one-

half the end piece is cut down this

34—inch. Now in order to have the outside

of the end piece come to the top, I nail

in a piece of lath or thin board 3/8x% inch.

The end cleat is necessary to hold this.

Of course, one could get a specially con-

structed plane and rabbet down the end

piece the same as in factory-made hives,

but that would be more work.



The photographic reproduction on the

preceding page shows how the end cleats

are nailed on. The bodies in this picture

are factory—made, but the bottom boards

and covers are my own make.



Use eight-penny nails for the bodies,

and “siding” nails for nailing on the

end cleats.‘ Heavier nails will split the

boards too often.



I am not so particular as to how clear

and free from knots the hive pieces are.

If there is a loose knot, or perhaps a.

hole, I nail a piece of tin over both sides

to hold it. If the body is not drawn very

tight by the nails, I nail a piece of nar-

row tin around the bottom corners. I

also use tin rabbets in the hives the

same as in factory-made goods. They

cost but two cents per hive. I would not

do without them, as to hang the frames

on wood gives the bees a chance to seal

them so tight that their removal is ex-

tremely difficult.



There are various styles and sizes of

hives in use, so I have not given dimen-

sions. My preference is for the regular

liangstroth size. There are many more

hives of this kind in use than of all

other stiyles put together. \Vhatever

kind of hive is selected, always use a

correctly made. factory hive to work from.

This will prevent mistakes and their at—

tendant annoyances.



Another hint. Whenever erecting any

sort of a building, save the short pieces of

boards to make into hive bodies. I have

made a good many hive bodies from

such odds and ends of lumber. Such

hives, I might say, cost little more than

the work of making them, as such small

pieces would have had little other value

anyway.





Vs’isconsin. F. A. STROHSCHEIN.





 





What the Poultry Business Is,



Five interesting chapters on poultry

raising will be found in the new free an-

nual book of C'ypher’s Incubator C0,, Buf-

falo, N. Y. They cover the subjects of

Feeding Chickens, Laying Records, Incu-

bating, Brooding. and “What the Poultry

Business Is.” Both beginners and experts

will get from these chapters valuable

information—they do not now possess—1

and one cannot know too much in and

about the poultry business. Write today

for this book. It will not cost you a

cent, even for postage. Simply mail your

name and address to one of the branches

of the company (the one nearest to you),

ask for the Big Book and mention the

name of this paper. Address Cypher’s

Incubator 00., Buffalo, N. Y.: Boston,

Mass; New York City; Chicago, 111.;

Kansas City, Mo., or Oakland, Cal;





 





 





N eg’lect the Hens





Whether your hens pay or not, is your matter, not

the hens'. Well managed fowls return good money,

but there's little, very little, in such unhoused, unshel-

tered, storm-pelted things as are often seen on the sunny

side of a barn in January. - ‘

If you‘ve neglected your hens, if you think there's “nothing in 'em"—N0rw is the

time to get a new view-point and learn how easy it is to make them pay for a little care.

Begin then, before your losses grow larger; give a warm mash once a day with a little of

Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a in it, and you‘ll very soon think hens are good property.





Dll. HESS Poultry PAN-A-CE-A





Makes poultry keeping a paying business, because it does what nothing else will Clo—strengthens and tones the digestive

organs up to a point where there is very little food waste. That means that the corn and meal you feed arc 1”". to use—

assimilated and made into eggs and flesh. This is “THE DR. HESS IDEA” and for this purpose he formulated his Poultry

Pan-a-ce-a. There are in it bitter tonic principles and iron, the blood builder, and necessary nitrates to keep the system free of



disease breeding poison.



Poultry Pan-a-cc-a, given as Dr. Hess (M.D., D.V.S.) directs, increases egg production wonderfully. When you have {owls to

market, it fats them (by increasing digestion) better than anything else and no other preparation is as good for young chickens.

It also cures gapes, cholera, roup, etc.



Poultry Pan-a-cc-a is endorsed by all the great poultry associations in this country and in Canada. A pcnny’s worth is enough

for thirty fowls one day. Sold on a. written guarantee.





1 1-2 lbs. 25c; mail or express 40c; }Exccpt in Canada and extreme DR. HESS 8- CLARK,

5 lbs. 60c: 12 lbs. $1.25; 25 lb. pail $2.50. \Vest and South. Ashland. Ohio.





Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess 48-pagc Poultry Book free.



R ‘ . Here is the prescription stockmen need to prevent indigestion and loss of appetite

D" HESS;,STOCKF“D in animals. Digestive disorders are a common trouble when feeding for market,

because animal organs are not strong enough to bear unaided the heavy strain put on them by double rations. This is

"The Dr. Hess Idea.” He believed it possible to give a tonic that would maintain digestion at a max1mum performance,

which of course means a Heady gain every day. Thousands know by experience that this is so. The best medical men

in the country endorse Dr. Hes's Stock Food and it is sold on a written guarantee. The dose of Dr. Hess Stock Food

is small and fed but twice a da .





100 lbs. $5.00; 25-“). pzl, 01.60 ; Except in Canada and extreme West and South. Smaller quantities at a slight advance.

Send 2 cents for Dr. Hess Stack Book, free.





INS TANT LUSE KILLER KILLS USE

A FEW CENTS 1111501253 .YOUIL STo Cir-.3);





Prevention is better than cure. A few cents worth of Hygeno-that time tried. dead- .- .

sure. dip and disinfectant. not only insures your stock against all contagious diseases. but .

promptly rids them of all insect pests. Read what T. B. Pearson. Thornton. Indiana. Sec-

retary-Treasurer. American Duroc Jersey Swine Breeders“ Association says:



Hygeiio is atmoney-saver afnd a mém- ihnkyngtfxihis ai‘ii‘i‘tst’tli’dl? issfilggfggi-idgi

e -ma er—i saves oss mm is- , . -.



J... and helps stock Wine: zreai- (flask... gliders inflammation;

er prOfit- AL dealers; 1f you15; can '3 cleans out insect pests promptly.





supply you DISINFECIAIT No farmer should be without it—he

d to us. can’t afford to.” _‘





’1”? "vi/179,91 I'd - - 1 1‘ Write for our_valnable free book—



Q‘s/3" ' ' "How to Raise Healthy Stock."



‘-‘ The Hygeno Disinfectant 00.,

810Euclid Ave..



\ Cleveland. 0.





 

   

   

 

   

 

 

   

 





 





 

 

 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

 

   

   

   

 





   





 





   

   

   

   

   





 

 

 

   





 





 

 





 

   

 

 





 





 

 

   

 





 





1

is our new

book f )r the .

use of poultry rais- - '



ers. Keep account of 1

your eggs, chicks and

profits. 0 u r D ia ry

shows how and also tells about our new

Incubators. It, tells why our prices are

so low. The Diary is free. better write for

it. today. Tell us if you are thinking of buy-

ing an Incubator and what size you want.

We pay freight Geo. Ertel Co., Quincy, lll.





 





is the only incubator on the market in which R

conditions can always be made which insure a

strong, healthy chick from each fertile egg.

What is needed at hatching timeis a strong

chick and a weak shell. We absolutely disre~

gard outside conditions of climate or altitude——

offer you an incubator where favorable hatching

conditions can always be made at the eggs.





Letters like this herewith prove our machines to be the

best continuous hatchers—samc results all the time—and

it’s a part of our guaranty. We offer you a certainty:

others a. possibility. Which do you prefer?



Catalog free on request; also booklet,“Incubator Hygrometry.”





 





 

   

 

 





J;





   

 

 





 





Read This





"If I was to buy 100 lnoubntora every one of them

would be e Mandy Lao. My avenge percent cf

hatches with your machines for the hat three year.

has been better than 90 per cent.



(Signed) '1'. R. BLAKI, llodloy. Minn. Nov. 12,1908





 





and Broader fir?"





 





l25 Egg Incubator 3'0





 





GEOI “- LEE 601.1158uarn.’ Stu Omaha, Neb-





   





If ordered together we *

send both for $10





 





 





 





   





and pay freight. Well

made, hot; water, cop )er tanks, ._.._

double walls, double glass doors. _.. ~_ a



Free catalog describes them. ,, l, i i HIE.“

Wisconsin Incubator 00.. .g’ . . _

Box 89, Racme. Wis.





CHICK SAVING COOP





, -r1§;711i111“11‘1111 HMimi?‘i.‘ff.§”‘i§li.“."v‘l§‘£i§.“.d

1;. I .





 





 





 





 





Look at this “Saw Dust”





Made by an Atkins Cross Cut Saw. The teeth are ar-

ranged to cut the wood. producing this ribbon “saw dust."

A saw that tears the wood. producing ordinary saw dust.

makes the work twice as hard.





ATKINS “£81515 SAWS





Go through the tree in a iifiy, and make the work easier than

you ever thought it could be. The blade is segment-ground, tapers from tooth

edge to the center of the back and from ends to the middle ; hence makes room

, for itself. Try one! None genuine without our name on the blade. If it doesn't

hold its edge better. cut faster and run easier than any other saw you ever used, take

it right back to the dealer.

Your dealer has them or will get them for you. If he is slow about it. write us.





A one-cent postal brings a live-cent book, “The Care at Saws.” and a sllverlne tle pin tree.





E. C. Atkins & Co. Inc., Indianapolis, Ind:





Largest Exclusive Saw Manufacturers In the World. I





With branches carrying complete stocks at New York. Chicago, Minneapolis. Portland.

Ore.. Seattle. San Francisco. New Orleans. Memphis. Atlanta end Hamilton. Ont.





 





Lice and Mltos in the all metal

Sanitary Brood Coop. Exclu-

sive pattern. made only by us.

Adds 100%, to profits. Knocks off

50% from cost of poultry raising.

Easily taken apart and stored.

Send for Free Circular and prices.





BRADLEY

INGUBATOR«





Larger hatches, stronger chicks.

Eggs never touched from start to fin-

ish ofhzitch. Smokeproof. sootproof.

damp proof chamber. It will pay

you to investigate. Send for free

catalog F. Ready De‘cember lst.





Don'l "8!!le . The BRADLEY INCUBATOR 00..

"'° E99" ‘ Elton R-pldo. Mlohlgun.'





   

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





Stahl “Wood-

team .. and



" Excelolor“

Incubators assure big hatches.

Well-built, reliable. practical—-

thousands in use. Catalogue tree.





8E0. ll. STAHL. Box 50 o noiIchu...‘





_ Hatch Chickens b;

s 01 ENTIFI c _ -





GOIBINED ENGINE AND MILL for farmers who wish to do their own grinding.

The cheapest. most efficient. and best outfit ever put upon the market.

Will crush from 12 to 15 bushel of earn corn per hour. and





GRIND ALL I{INDS OF GRAIN

Fully guaranteed. 50 styles and sizes Write for New Catalogue





THE F008 MFG. 00.3“ 137 Springfield, Ohio





 





 





 





Always mention the Michigan Farmer

i when writing to advertisers.
80 (12)

The Michigan Farmer





ESTA BLISH ED 1843. ..





THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING co.,.

' EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.

39 to 45 Congress Street West, Detroit. Mickie“.

TELEPHONE MAIN 4525.





NEW YORK OFFICE—4725 Temple Court Building.

CHICAGO 0F_FICE—IZ36 First Not’l Bank Building.

CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave” N. E.





 





 





 





 

 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE .................................. President.

M. W. LAWRENCE .. .Vlce-President.

M. L. LAWRENCE. ................ Secretary.

P. '1‘. LAWRENCE ............._.,.._..........Tressurer.

I. R. WATERBUBY gAssoclats

O.E.YOUNG..... ....... ..... 1



BURT WERMUTH “M“

E. H. HOUGHTON .................. ..Business Men-ger.





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





Three Years 156 “93:...“ $1.50





Two Years 104 Copies, posipsid, . . . . . . . . $1.20

One Year, 52 Copies. postpsid.... .. 15 oil.

Six Months, 16 copies, postpsid, ................ . ....... 4. c



Omsdisn subscriptions so cents s you extra ior posts“





Always send money by drsit. postofiice money

order. registered letter. or by express. We will not

be responsible for money sent in letters. Address

all communications to. and make all drsits. checks.

and postollice orders psysbls to, tbs strsnos

Publishing Co.





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



10 cents per line agate measurement. or 5.60

per inch. encp insertion. with s reasoning-ls d count

on orders amounting to rob orover. .\o sav't in-

- sorted for less than use per insertion



1" No loans: can): doctor or :windllng sdvsr-

the-meats inserted at any price.



Entered u second clue matter It the Detroit.

niobigon. Woe.





 





 





COPYRIGHT l908.

bytbe Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are wsrned

against reprinting any portion of the contents

of this issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER Immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit, brot against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, providing

due notice Is sent to us, before suit

is started.



Avoid further trouble, by refusing

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, in each Issue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expir-

ation of subscription.



The Lawrence Pub. Co.,



Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





DETROIT. JANUARY 23. 1909.





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





The national movcmcnt for

Our Natural thcconscrvation of our nat—

Resources. ural rcsourccs has ckcitcd

much intcrcst and favorable.

commcnt thruout tho country. As ha;

bcforc bccn notcd in thcsc columns. that

movcmt-nt is broad in its Scope, includ—

ing‘ possibiliticu in thc (lcvclopmcut of

our water powers for thc futurc lll‘lli‘llt

of thc public. as woll an thc liua‘band—

ing of, our timbcr supply and thc prc-

\‘t'lllliill of wastcu of all kinds. both

in the manufacturing indusirlcs oi‘ the

country and in thc cultixation of Lao

soil itscli‘.

Right along thc linc of this important

movcmvnt conic thc stciw‘ l"“"‘llll)' takcn

at Lansing by thc appointmcni of a





 





lr-gislativc v'ommiiim- to iuvcxiiu‘aio the

watcr powcrs of thc Fiaic, many of

which arc living dcvclopod on a large





avalc and oi" \\'hi '1) it is allow-d «’1 gm ll

lawn proposcd. It is iilld

this spx-cial commit—





combinc has

that tho illnpliry ot‘

icc will lli' ni-mt thoro, and not a little





intcrcst will llt' lakcn in the outcome





of this iii‘.‘w;\'li;z:ili:>n both by thc coil-

(“‘I‘IlH which ain- llilt'li of tho (lcvt-loo-

moni oi" Sllllii' of our arcatcst strcams

from ihc standpoint oi" lht‘ir watcr

powcr posxibilitics, and iln- public at

laruc who arc itizwicsicul not only in





tho (inwclopmcnt ol' tin-.m- “'Jll't‘l' pow-‘11;

but in tho I’ulurc ilixiiribuiion oi' powcr

(icvclopmi i'roui t‘ucm in tho form of

(-lccii'ical currcnis ior light. and }I(l\\'(‘l‘

p111'po,»:iu<, and l'iilurt-

for thc amp-ration of lll'iil as wcll As

has bccn pointwl out, this inquiry is

coming nono too soon, sinci- tho wator

rights along many oi” our bcst strcam-s'

alrwally lncn f‘ct‘lll't‘tl anti frail—

chism‘ havc bccn grantcd in a numbcr

of couniics for tllc cxclusivc usc of

such Sll'i'IlllIH I'or watcr power plil'poscs.

’l‘he llileélllllllli‘S oi‘ such dcvclopnu’ait

both from an t‘l'tlIIUllllt‘ standpoint by

thosc who arc lllli‘l‘i'Sli‘l in ihcm and

from a. public standpoint as to the in—

liii‘e cffcct upon i‘uc indusirics of the

State and upon its pcoplo at large arc

vory propcrly a malicr for public in—

quiry. Not that it .is (li'isirablo to hin-

dcr in any way ihc dovciopmcni of

those streams to thcir fullcst possibility

as a source of poxvcr, but it is no

mOrc dcsirablc i0 iIivc privaio owncrs

the right to dcmand cxorbiiant rates

from users of powcr dcrlvcd from the

stcams of our State which constitute





possihiy in yours





havc





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. !





~one of its most valuable remaining nat-

ural resources. It has been suggested

that While it is rather late in the day

for the State to control the development

of these natural resources there yet

remains’a means of effectually controll-

ing their operation by controlling t‘ic

transmission of power generated from

them to portions of the State distant

from the power sites. This appearing

to be a reasonable conclusion, thore

would secm to be bright prospects that

this inquiry may result in legislation

which will at once be beneficial to the

people of the State at large without

being burdensome to honest promoters

of the development schemes or prohibi-

tory to the economic maximum develop-

ment of the water power possibilities

of our State, which it would appear

from a cursory review of the situation

are much more valuable than the aver—

age citizen of the State has over real-

ized.

In the report of

Whereimprovement the recent meeting

Should Begin. of the Michigan

, Improved Live

Stock Brccdcrs' and lceders‘ Associa—

tion. which will be found in another de-

partment of this issue, there is much

food for thot. which should appeal to

cvcry live stock brccdcr in the Statc.

The addresses which are reproduced

and summarized in this report are full

of ideas for the practical stock breeder

and should be read with carc, and thcn

re-read after they have been carefully

thot over. It is truly stated in one of

these addresses that for all that has

been done along that line the improve-

mcnt which has been brought about in

our live stock is not all that might

have been expected, and comes far from

bcing all that might be desired. This

would appear to indicate that our of-

forts along this line in years gone by

have not been well directed or that they

have lackcd in practical application by

the farmers and live stock breeders of

the State, but it seems entirely possi-

ble that we may have aimed too high

in those efforts and that more would

have been accomplishcd had the doc-

trinc of improvement been first applied

in a, diffcrcnt .nanncr. As a Speaker

in one of tho brccd meetings which pre-

ccdcd the gcncral mccting, reported in

this issue, statcd, “It sccms usclces to

advocatc thc improvcmcnt of ‘-our live

stock unless at the samc time we advo-

cate the improvcmont of our farm

crops.” Referring to the corn crop this

spcakcr said, in cffcct, that if We could

not inspire our farmcrs to do their

llt'St in the improycmcnt of their corn,





thcrcby enablingr thcm to grow largcr

crops of this kingr of cereals with





which to food thcir imprchd live stock,

iiicrc is little 11:40 in preaching to thcm

tho doctrinc of improvcd live stock.

What is truc of the corn crop is true





in only slightly less (lcg'rce with the

othci- crops: grown upon the average





farm. \i'hcn oncc a man bccomcs in-

tt-rcstcd in tho improvcmcnt of the

crops which hc must grow in his i‘cgular

rotation, lic will be thc more inclincd

to apply that improvcmcnt to the livc

stock to which thosc crops arc fcd, and

thus thcrc will be an improvcmont all

along tho line and bcttcr livo stock will

comc as a natural rosult. with tho abil—

ity to i‘ccd thcm bciicr upon homo

grinvn fccds, produced by thoroly prac-

limil and scicntific mctnods upon our

farms.



It would appear that incrc is much

in this thot for cvcry man to considcr

whctlh-r ho is now inlorcsiod in para

brcd or in iinprovcd livo stock of any

class or not, and it sccnw (‘i‘l‘llllll that

if more farmorx ihruout ’thc Staic could

bc intcrn-stcd in thc Scicntiilc improvo—

mcnt of tlu-ir common crops, In the

handlingr 01‘ thcir soils and in the work—

int,r out and application of judicious

crop l'olaloiliS, that morc practical and

scicntiiic fcctlingr of thcs‘i- crops would

naturally follow and that tho dcmand

for a bcttcr gradc of livc stock to which

thcy might bc i‘cd would bc ct-rtain.





If thc idca expressed in

thc forcu'oinc‘ commcnl bc

acccptctl, thcn c v cry

mcans t0 that cud should

b0 improvcd by the farmch of Michi—

gan. Foremost among thcso moans; will

('(illli‘ tho agricultural prcss, in which

ihc most up to (latc, idcas will rcgard

to handling,r soils and improvingr the

crops grown upon them will bc found

discussed. But a moans which should

not be ncglcctcd is the Farmcrs' In-

stitutc, in which ideas arc, ccrtaln to

be advanced which may bc ilizirli- tho

basis of profitablc invcstigaiion, study

and experiment by cvcry farmer who

attends them. No matter if he differs

with the ideas expressed by the dif-





The Means to

the End.





‘tion of its





ferent speakers, he will,have an op-

portunity to be heard in the discussion

of the topics upon which they speak





and in the difference of opinion as ex:





pressed, he may gain valuable ideas

which will work out to his benefit in

practical application and experience.

For that reason, if for no other, every

farmer should attend the institutes

which are held in his community and

Should not fail to take part in the dis-

cussions which arise, if he believes he

can throw any additional light upon the

subjects undcr consideration. Then af-

ter he has thot about them, and come

to conclusions which to him seem cor-

rcct, he can make further inquiry thru

his agricultural pupcrcr report the rc-

sults of the demonstration of his idcas

thru that medium after he has tried

them out.



Farthing is a business in" which orig-

inality and ideas are at a premium. “'0

are too much inclined to follow the

bcaten track which has been prepared

for us and any means which will tend

to take us out of the rut into which

we may have fallen is sure to be to our

ultimate benefit.





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





Foreign.



“'cstcrn Canada is cnvclopcd in a bliz~

zard. At places the wind was blowing

Sunday at 41 miles per hour. Train ser-

vice is at a standstill.



A boat is about to leave New York

with material on board for 500 houses to

furnish shelter for refugees in Italy.



Amcrica was not alone in the dcprcs-

sion of busix’icss last year as the rcport

of the amount of imports and exports

from Paris shows a decrease of $26,400,-

000 and $64,800,000 respectively over the

previous ycar. ,



Thcrc is a markcd increase in the num-

ber of new cases of cholera in St. Peters-

burg the past few days. For the 24 hours

ending Sunday thcre were 59 new cases

and 21 dcat’hs.



An earthquake shock

duration was felt in Switzerland in the

lower districts of Simmenthal, Sunday.



The recall of the Chilean minister from

Peru is believed to have temporarily de-

stroycd the good relations of the two

countries.



The invasion of Tibet and the abandon-

ment thcrcof by the English forces a

few years ago has resulted in China tak-

ing a firm grip of the political organiza-

tion thcrc aftcr her power had waned into

almost nothing. ,



Vcnczucla is dcmanding that the

French cable company reconstruct a por-

linc, revise its tariffs and

make other changes before the conccrn

will be allowed to continue its business

in Vcnczuclan districts.



An explosion of fire dump in the Aulca

coal mines of Hungaria, entombcd 181

men. Rescuers have taken out 45 bodies

and have gotten the fire under control.



The appointments for the Russian coun-

cil of tho cmpircs are but the rc-Sclcction

of the old mcmbcrs: Count \Vittc, 1am-

micr Stolypin. cx-Viccroy Admiral Alcx—

iff being among the mcmbcrs.



Admiral ltojcstvcnsky who was in com-

mand of the Russian ilcct in 1907,) when

it was ncarly annihiliatcd by the Japan—

csc. ilcct, dicd in St. Pctcrsburg last

Thursday of ncuralgia of the hcari.



’l‘hc Libcria. gunboat, Lark, is rcportcd

as having fired upon a German stcumship

off thc (-oast,of Liberia, Africa. The

('icrman govcrnmcnt has ordcrcd a guard-

ship to the. port. No details have been

rccicvcd.



l'lcprcm-niai.iycs of thc Unitcd Status

and England rcccntly mudc protests bo-

forc tho i'orcig'n board of (‘hina bccause

of tho dismissal of Yuan h‘hi Kai from

ihc grand council. \\'hilc a few of the

oihcr I'cprcscnlativcs Wore in harmony

with tho action of thc Anglo—Saxon dclc-

gaics a majority sccmcd to think the

movc an imposition and is mcddlingr too

much with China’s inlcrnal affairs.



it is rcportcd that liaron touch, Rus-

sian ambassador to this country has bccn

1wcalh-d and will bc scnt to Italy.



AllStl'ill (li‘t‘lillOS lllc )ll'ill‘l‘t‘l'l'd soy-vir-r-g

of Franco to mcdiatc in llll' maiicr oi'

hcr rclaiionn with Scrvia. It is now un—

(lcrslood that. Austria will grant thr; Hr-r-

vians thc privilcgc of constructing' a rail-

l'OIHl in tlic Atll'lz'llit' Slut.



’i‘iu. govt-rnmcnt of Mcxico has ordliir-rl

tho crcction oi‘ fortifications at both

termini of ilic 'I‘chauntcyu-c railroad.

’l‘lu- (ll‘ft‘llSi‘S will cost about $14,000,000.



National.



'l‘w'clvc mcn arc supposctl to havc boon

drowncd in a fishing Schooner which wcnt

down ncar tho Now York harbor Sunday.



A young prospccior is said to have dis-

0(l\'('l'i‘tl thc “l’i‘;.'.‘-l.c;:”' gold mino oi' (‘ali-

fornia. The location of thc minc was

lli‘Vi'l' publicly known as thc first, dis-

covcrcr was killcd by ihc lndians‘ boiort-

making his iind known. The rcdiScovcry

was madc ihru tho guidanco of an old

Indian.



A, largo garagc containing 2:50 automo-

bilcs was burncd in Boston Sunday morn-

ing. (mly two of thc machincs wcrc

saw-d. ’I‘hc damage is cstimaicd at

$900,000,



'i‘hc llllllt'tl minc workcrsz will hold ihcir

annual (-onvcntion in lndianapoiis this

wcck. 'I‘hnrc is promisc of a contcst bc-

twccn ihc bituminous and anthracite dis-

trict rcprcscntativcs bccausc of the la'

way in which tho finances of the latte

are handled. This April the throe—ycars‘

agrccmcnt with the operators will expire

and the, lack of funds will place the un-

ions at a disadvantage in the fight for

bcitcr wages and conditions.



’I‘hc Dci‘roit & Clcycland and Detroit &

Buffalo sicamship lines are planning: a

mcrgcr of their interests. Thc stock-

holders of both lines are almost identical.





of two seconds .





 





JAN. 23. 190..





Thre'operation of the primary law in

Oregon has worked a peculiar situation.

A Republican legislature will elect a.

democrat to represent that state in the

United States senate if the members of

the legislative body keep their pledges

made at the election last fall.



Secretary of the Interior Garfield made

astonishing revelations before the sen-

ate and house appropriation committees

by reporting on the land frauds per-

pctratcd within the past few years to

the amount of about, $110,000,000. The

department maintains that if sufficient

assistance is givcn much of the lands

so taken may be rcgaincd. V



For the second time the Standard oil

company operating under the name of

the VVaters-Piercc oil company has been

ousted from Texas.. The supreme court

dccidcd that the state law under which

the suit was begun was constitutional

and the 'companv be fined $1,623,500, An—

other intcrcsting feature of the decision

was that the federal court favored state

rights by an unanimous vote of the

judges.



By a party vote chrcsentativc VVillctt

of New York was ruled from the floor

of the house last Monday when dcclaim-





ing a rabid arraignment of President

Roosevelt.

The batlcship Maine which has been





in Venezuclan waters during negotia-

tions to renew friendly relations ho-

twcen her and the United States, ll‘lS

been withdrawn.



President Roosevclt has again sun:—

gcstcd that a popular subscription 'be

taken for the erection of a memorial to





Gen. Robt. .70., Lee. ,

Severe snow storms in the west is





interfering with traffic and railroads are

not attelmpting to run schedule time

over. any of thc transcontinental lines.





 





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Sanllac Co., Jan. lG.—-The winter is

passing off vcry nicely with snow enough

to protect whcat and clovcr which was

moistcncd niccly by a rain and thaw

about New Year's. Prices remain about

the same as at last report. Hay is on

the advance sincc. lifting the quarantine,

and stock is moving slowly on account oi’

longcr routing: to Buffalo. Produce is

in good dcmand and bringing good prices.

Buttcr and cgg‘s, 25c; potatoes, 60c: and

not moving much; stocks wintering Wcll,

but apples arc rotting badly. Hens are

beginning to lay. Vi'atcr continues to be

scarce in many places for stock. Roads

in. cxccllcnt Shapc to market hay and grain

on wheels, and rcturn with coal, for WOod

is about a thing of the past with us.

About an avcragc number of cattle are

on fccd this wintcr, but few hogs, sheep

or lambs.



Genesee Co., Jan. 16th.-—VVe have thus

far had iinc winter weather, once or

twicc only has the zcro mark bccn

reached. Vcry littlc snow at present but

roads are quitc smooth and hard. Ship-

pingr stock is now moving at a lively rate.

Many lots were hold up by quarantine

which is now modificd. More hay than

usual being markctcd loose owingr to

uuarantinc. This is a great hay section

and last ycar’s was a banner crop. Dairy-

in}: is larn'cly followcd licrc, also, many

fino hcrds bcingr ll\\'h(‘(l. Milk produccrs

arc. all doing wcll, with priccs avcragiug

$1.50 pcr cwt. iicttcr methods are bcing

followcd now than i‘ormcrly. l.ivo stock

of all kinds in good condition and health.

(‘onsidcrabic dri-sscd pork bcinnr markct-

ed. l’riccs have hold high all thc souson.

The following quotations are madc for

this dalc. .lan. llllli. at Flint, our county

scat: \that, $1.01: oats, 50c; barlcy,

$1.230 cwi.: bcans, pcr bu., $1.90; ryc,

72c; corn, (ific: buttcr, dairy, 24c, crcam-

cry, 28c: potaiocs, 60c to 63c; applcs 500

to $1.00 pcr bu.; turkcys. livc, 15c; young

chickcns, 12c; old chickcns, 10c; drcsscd

litug‘s_ $7; drcssvd bcct‘, $6 to $7 cwt.; hay,

balcil, $7.30 to $9.50; hay, loosc, $8 to $9,

milch cows, $~i5 to $00. llorscs arc high

priccd. lion's arc vcry scarcc. Farmcre

got 2:20, for i‘rcsh stock. rctail price, fific.



Osceola Co., Jan. lG.—A\\'inicr set in

vcry carly. (“fommonccd snowing in lloc.

and cold wcailrcr has provailcd cycr

sincc, with snow cnouu'h for sloighinu‘.

A large, amount of snow fcll from Dec. 7

to Jan. 3rd and lih, whcn thcrc. was a

thaw which sctilcd it quitc a liitlc. it

is about right now for most any kind of

work. Thcrc havc bccu scycral days of

Zi‘l'il \vcathwr. .Ian. ’Ifllh tho iilcrcin‘y rott—

isiorr-d l5 dcgrccs bclow zoro. Quito a

lililc tlmbt-r is ang cut for logs, bolls,

\t'unll, vita, which was burnorl ot’cr last

fall. lny maplc :Iiul ll“""ll Wood in hard

‘o .“cll :il Sil 'fI} [H‘i' «will our] l_'_i'l'l'il wood

i. I-i'l't-Iwi for ll iwr Iol'rl. l’olziio lili‘il





’l‘"," i uni “(-17 brink, iiol ”may lwlnp,’

li:‘il."l"il li‘Il‘fi, HUN/"'14 ilrl' liHllIH-Il i.)

hold for his’lwi will: 'vvbivh lbw; sow-m

u, think lip mogul In iiu’w- it; malto up

for lli" aliml Hop i.i'.'¢~ atoll: is: looking





L'Wr'l. and llii'i" act-ma in lit-,ph-nly of

ri-t'd. lia,’ wa~i :i iaiuv- crop licl'o last

your: it Hi-lix; at $3 M iii!) pcr ion; caitlc,

:1,:, ll) 3(' iii-I" ll); \'('.’il, 4 [ii 5(' Dvl‘ ll);

hogs, (ll'i'sst'il, ii to ill/3c pcr lb.: chickons,

livc, 7 1o h’c prr lb.: potaiocs, rcd, 53c pcr

bu. \vhiic, :70:- pcr bu: ryc, fiTt- pcr bu;

built-r. 22 to 20c Di'l' lb.: «rugs, 20 to 290

pcr doz.



Mecosta Co., .lan. 7.—A good snowfall

thc first of Ilcccmbcr lauicd until .lan.

2, whcn a warm spoil sci in which lasicd

unlil Jan. :7, with most of the snow off of

thc whcat and ryc. lcavingr it quite badly

t’X])OSt‘(l,I\K'lI('II it changed suddcnly and

now it, IS ouiic cold with scarcely any

snow to prolcci, the fall seeding. Potato

quotations aroabout the same as they

havc bccn for the last two months and

fat-more arc. bcg'inning to think that they

might as \\'(‘ll sell now as later.

Smcc ihc quarantine has been raised the

markct is bcttor for live stock and poul-

iry. (lattlc are worth from $2.50 to $3.50

pcr cwt.: hogs, 5c per lb: chickens, 90

per lb; turkeys, 11c per 1b., and ducks

Sc per lb. Butter is worth 25c per ll):

cggs, 300. pcr doz; honey, 100 to 120 per

lb; bcans arc worth $1.85 per bu., hand

picked: buckwheat, $1.25 per cwt.; wheat,

Sic pcr bu; rvc, 7lc pcr bu: corn, shelled,

70c per bu; potatoes, 550 per bu.
JAN.v23.19‘09. .-





Eaton 00., Jan. 16th.——The weather con-

tinues mild. withtscarcely enough snow

to whiten the ground, excellent weather

for cutting wood, drawing manure and

all out—door farm work. . The stock

market has improved some since the lift-

ing of the quarantine. Stock is doing

well. Wheat, 97 to 980; oats, 47c; corn,

600; rg'e, 700; beans, $1.85 to $1.95; pota-

toes, Oc; butter, 20c to .22c; eggs, 28c to

300; hogs, $4.50 to $5.25; cattle, $2 to $4.50;

sheep, $2 to $6.50; lambs, $5 to $6.50; veal

calves, $5 to $6.50; chickens, 10c to 111/2c;

fowls. 9c; ducks, 10c; clover seed, $4.50

to $4.75. Nothing doing in hay, and prices

are unchanged, farmers are holding for

better prices and hoping that when the

quarantine is wholly removed it will tend

to strengthen the market.



Gratiot 00., Jan. 18.~—January came in

soft and warm and as a result we have

good wheeling and naked Wheat fields.

It is steady cold since the first few days,

not thawing at midday. Markets have

steadily improved and shipments are

heavy. Hogs from 5.to 5%c; lambs 5%

to Sc; eggs, 22c; butter, 18 to 25c; wheat,

980; oats, 48c; corn at auction, 38 to 410.



Calhoun Co., Jan.

tinues mostly mild and quite open.

There has.been very little snow, and

wheat is exposed. There are many con-

jectures as to the outcome of the Wheat

crop, as many fields have. little top, and

if the open winter continues what there

is will haVe little protection. Much

stock is going to market at fair prices,

but not high ones in, comparison with

the price of feeds. Corn can hardly be

bot, and oats is not plentiful. Oli

meal is being fed considerably, this

being due in part to the high price of

home grains. Less stock is being fed

than'usual. Roughage is quite plenti-

ful. but grain scarce. Ordinary fruit is

not keeping well outside of cold stor-

age. ‘





 





MEARS INSTITUTE.





 





At a one-day institute held in the town

hall at Mears, State Speaker Moore gave

some excellent advice and interesting

talks on various topics,

“Emergency Methods on the Farm."

This was a much appreciated talk and

great benefit was derived therefrom. The

first ”emergency” touched upon was

“spasmodic colic,” the symptoms of

which were given as uneasiness of the





animal, throwing of the head, bloat-

ing, etc. The remedy advised was

one pint raw linseed oil, 1 to 2





ounces of ladanum, and 11/2 ounces sul-

phuric ether. In severe cases the dose

is repeated two, and even three times.

Farmers were advised to keep such med-

icines constantly on hand, as, if any

good results were expected the treatment

must be given early in the disease. This

was emphasized as being absolutely nec-

essary. It was also advised that a

drenching bottle be kept handy; also a

vial with graduated scale for measuring-

glass, so that things might be done ac-

curately, and not by guess—work. A solu-

tion of carbolic acid should always be

at hand in case of “emergency." This

is used diluted—using three tablespoonfuls

to a pint of water. Any knives or in-

struments of any kind used about sick

or diseased animals should be thoroly

sterilized. The speaker was asked the

cause of milk-fever and what remedy he

would advise. The ause given was milk-

ing the udder too c can. The remedy he

advised was the injecting of air into the

udder. This method was plainly illus—

trated by the speaker, to the satisfaction

of all. Duncan Hodges. teacher in the

primary department of Mears school, gave

a discourse on “The Township Unit Sys-

tem," and Jesse Davis, principal of the

school, gave a paper entitled, “The Farm

Is a School.”



The “Good Roads" subject was taken

up and ably discussed by Caleb Davis.

Mr. Davis is a pioneer of Oceana Co.,

commencing when a blazed trail was our

only road, and has lived to see our first

mile of crushed stone road.



Another topic of Mr. Moore’s was, “How

to make the cow pay." Much good ad-

vi’ce was given concerning selecting of

herd, keeping account of returns by 8.0-



things were





tual test, etc. Many good

said along this line, too numerous to

<mention.





At the evening session, Mr. Moore gave

a vcrv interesting talk on “The balanced

ration for the farmer and his family."

This was ably handled and was much

enjoyed by the audience.



W'hile the attendance was not as large

as we might have wished, yet the meet-

ing was pronounced a success.



Oceana Co. J. M. W.





CATALOGS RECEIVED.





 





A 250-page illustrated catalog issued by

Delmaeh Mill Manufacturing Co., Bridge-

port, A.la., describes in detail their full

line of saw mills for all kinds of work,

including accessory machines for well

equipped mills, log and farm wagons, and

Woodworking machinery, as well as feed

grinders, corn shellers, horse powers,

steam motors, etc.



Great V‘Vestern Automatic Carriers are

fully illustrated and described in the large

new catalog, issued by Smith lVIanufac-

turing Co., 158—164 E. Harrison St, Chi-

cago, ill. in this book their carriers are

not only fully described but methods of

installing them in barns of various kinds

are illustrated in a way which would

make it easy for any inexperienced man

to set them up.



Strawberry Plants That Grow is the

title of a new 1.009 catalog just received

from C. E. XVhitten’s Nurseries, Bridg—

ham, Mich., describing this firm’s line of

small fruit plants.



Pure Paint is the title of a new cata-

log issued by Carter White Lead Com-

pany, of Chicago and Omaha. It tells how

to know pure paint and contains valuable

suggestions on painting. including several

color plates, showing up-to—date effects





in the blending of colors in painting dif-

ferent types of buildings.

D. M. Ferry & 00., Detroit, Miclr, are





18.———Weather con-‘





the first being.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER-





sending out their Seed Annual for 1909,

fully describing and illustrating their

complete line of farm, garden and flower

seeds and garden'acccssories. This 100—

page catalog should be in the' hands of

every farmer, gardener and housewife.



L. L. May & (30., St. Paul, Minn., have

issued a 1909 catalog of their northern

grown seeds, plants, bulbs and fruits.

This 100-page catalog is profusely illus-

trated and descriptive of the u'p-to-date

goods offered by this well—known firm.



'l‘horburn's seeds are described in a 140-

page catalog issued by .l. M. Thorburn

& Co., 33 Barclay St., and 38 Park Place,

N. Y., just out for 1009. The halftone

illustrations, showing the flowers, fruits

and vegetables grown from their seeds

are a pleasing feature of this catalog,

giving an unusually good idea of the char-

acter of their product.



DeLoach line of engines, boilers and

gasoline engines are fully illustrated and

described in the pocket size catalog issued

by DeLoach Nlill Manufacturing C0.,

Bridgeport, Ala., in which a full line of

engines, both stationary and portable, as





well as boilers, steam pumps, etc., are

listed. '

The Garden Beautiful is the title of





a handsome 200 page catalog for 190!)

issued by Peter Henderson & Son, 25-

37 Cortlandt St., New York. In it

“everything for the garden” is fully de-

scribed and illustrated by half-tone cuts

made from the product of this firm's

garden and flower seeds. It also con-

tains colored plates showing their special

line of roses.



The Naylor Line of Time-Savers is the

title of a poster catalog issued by the

Naylor Manufacturing Company, of La

Grange, Ill., which fully describes their

line of goods, including combination spring

and spike tooth harrows of several styles.

their two-in-one surface cultivator, two

row disk and spike tooth harrow and

plow harrow for attachment to gang or

sulky plows, and fully explains the

Naylor system of surface cultivation.



The new catalog of the American Sep—

arator Company, Bainbridge, N. V., is a

large and handsomely illustrated book,

showing not only the details of construc-

tion of the genuine American Cream

Separator, manufactured by this com-

pany, but showing as well the processes

by which the different parts are manu-

factured in their completely equipped

factory. It is filled with reasons for the

superiority of the American Separator

construction, and contains many testi-

monials from satisfied users in many

states.



Manufacturing Methods that Have Won

the Highest Recognition.





The manufacture of threshing machin-

ery has been brot to a high standard of

perfection. Mr. Barlow, of the I-luber

Manufacturing Company at Marion, Ohio,

builders of the. well-known “New Huber”

line of threshing machinery and traction

engines, says: “We have done no end of'





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





 





(13) '81





Feb. 2 and 16

Mar.2 and 16





Plan to go on one of these days—take

advantage of the low fares offered by

the Rock Island-Frisco-C. & E. 1. Lines.

and see for yourself the opportunities

that: are open to you in the Southwest.

The trip will not cost you much. These

Special low—fare tickets over the Rock

Island-Frisco-C. & E. I. Lines will permit

* you to go one way and return another, with—

out extra cost. As the Rock Island-Frisco Lines

have over 10.000 miles of railway through the best

sections of the Southwest, you will see more of

the Southwest. than you could in any other way,

and will be better able to decide where you want





to locate.





Ask the ticket agent in your home town to sell you a. ticket.

over the Rock Island-Frisco-C. & E. 1. Lines. either through

Chicago, St. Louis, Kan‘sa City. St. Joseph. Memphis or Birming-

ham. according to your 1009. ion.





If you will write me'a postal and tell me Where you want to go. I will

tell you the cost. of a ticket, and will send you a complete map-

schedule. showing time of trains. together with illustrated book.





\\\\\llUlt{//////

50$? I'I ’





Texas, Oklahoma. Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Kansas and Missouri





A trip to the Southwest now will give you a good chance to get away



from the cold weather. See what kind of a winter the Southwestern Flown“! in

farmerls having. You will see a great contrast between the cold. bleak January

winter of the North and the fine. open weather of the Southwest.

The farmer in the SouthWest lives a. free. outdoor life. He often

begins his plowing in January. He hardly knows what snow is like.

His stock has good range all year, and he has no long. expensive

feeding periods. He works outdoors twelve months in the year

makes money while you are idle and have to spend money

to keep your family and stock from freezing. His

children go to the nearby schools in winter as easily

as they can in spring and fall. A Sunday morning

drive to church is a pleasure to the Southwestern

farmer. Added to all these advantages of climate

is the great advantage the farmerin the South-

west has over you in the price of land. His

land costs only from $5 to $25 an acre. and he

can raise bigger crops than you can. Often

he gets two crops 3. year. His land is

growing more valuable every year and

he is getting rich.



Let: me send you some interesting books

about the Southwest. They will inform you

of opportunities waiting for you there, and

will open your eyes to new possibilities.

Write for free copies today.





J GEN SEBASTIAN, Pass.Traf. Mgr.

1862 LaSalie Station, Chicago

1862 Frisco Building. St. Louis





     





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





experimenting just to get the right quality

of steel for our teeth and concavcs—and

to make these of the proper form and

pr0per dimensions. Threshermcn ap-

preciate the importance of this, and in

the ‘New Hubcr‘ thresher we make our

concoves and cylinder teeth of the finest

quality of steel that can be produced for

this use.” The “New Huber" threshcr

and the “New Huber" traction engine

have given a newer meaning to the word

“economy" in harvesting methods. In-

terested persons should send for copy of

the “New lluber” catalog, which is mailed

free on request.





 





Gregory’s New Seed Book Sent Free.



'icfore you do any planting or buy

seeds, you should by all means write for

a copy of Gregory's new seed book. You

hay have received a dozen different seed

books, but you won’t find in one of them

or all of them together the valuable infor-

mation that’s contained in Gregory's.

This book is published strictly in the in-

terest of farmers and gardeners. Not

only does it illustrate apd describe the

new and old varieties, but it helps make

the planting a success by giving expert

advice on the raising 01‘ various vege-

tables. In addition to the information

contained in this book, the publishers are

willing at any time to answer questions

by mail. This fact alone means a great

deal to the man who is striving to get

the biggest returns from his planting:

\\'rite .l. J. N. Gregory & Son, Marble-

head, Mass. and a copy free will be sent

by return mail.





By All Means Blanket the Horse.





There’s a reason back of a horse

blanket. Nature provided the horse with

a hairy coat, suilicient in the wild state

to protect him from the severest storms;

and it's a well known fact, often noticed

on the great ranches of the west, that a

horse, running free for a season, soon

grows a heavy. shaggy coat of hair, prac-

tically impervious to the biting winds of





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





 

 

     

 

 

 

 





. , with the

ewDeereNo.

Corn Planie





M





~ - 1:“ 2:. . ' .

HE great accuracy of drop . a. "

is what naturally interests you "in. -

most. Deere genuine edge selec- ‘

tion of corn gives the highest accuracy of

drop attainable. Repeated tests show ten

, _ to fifteen bushels per acre in favor of accu- ‘

rate planting. This, combined with many other exclusive, desirable

features, makes the No. 9 a profitable invostment. You profit by the

. 5 increased yield due to perfect. stand, by the additional years of service

and freedom from break down.

1,; Most progressive farmers and planters won’! have any other. Best

~ informed dealers refuse to consider haudlim,r any other. Investigate

. the time saving and profitable reasons why.

Main seed shaft driven directly by traction wheels takes all the

“ram from check wire, and avoids side draft. Compensating

valves insure perfect check regardless of team speed.

. Instantly changed from check to drill drop. Tip-over hoppers

-— very convenient in changing plates. Plates for all kinds

of corn. Five sets always furnished. Standard runner. stub

' runner, or single disc furrow openers. as ordered. Concave

or open tire. wheels. Fertilizer attachment that bills or drills,

furnished extra. Every detail worked out in best possible manner.





4/ “write a POS‘al ‘0 Deere” and get posted. We have but briclly





Plant THREE In"





   

 





.

1v





 





/ mentioned some of the strong fea-

r turesabovc. Just drop us a post. card. and we will prom )tly send detailed

proofs free. Deere goods are of the highest slander . and satisfy the

most exacting. Ask for our latest. corn book. The whole subject. of

. . gathering, selecting. curing and testing the seed. as

-_ is“ well as planting, treated in a small space. fully 11-



lusu'aled; a book for the man who wants better



' corn. Handsome pocket. ledger free if you will



do us the favor of mentioning this paper.





. 1 Address DEERE & MANSUR C0-





‘\





 





 





 





. 5 ‘\

‘. 3M§4fe 47‘ " \._ Moline, Illinois

T +





 





 





u prairie winter. llow unwise then, for

an owner to do less than nature, and ex—

port a horse to be his best when left to

shiver out his energy in trying to keep

warm. A 5A blanket is far cheaper than

such treatment, and besides protecting

the ‘horse. also protects the horse—owner.

tho in a different way. It's good economv

to use 5.\ Horse Blankets. ' I





Satisfied customers are the best evi—

dence of the value of goods manufactured

or sold by any firm. They are also the

best guide to the prospective buyer as

to the kind of goods he should purchase.

Acting upon this idea the New-Way M0-

tor Company. of Lansing, Miclr, have

recently published a little booklet, con—

taining testimonial letters from many sat-

isfied users of their many different‘tvpes

of gasoline engines for many different

DUI‘DOses. It will be sent to anv reader

for the asking and would be of 'value to

theintending purchaser in aiding him to

dec1de the types and size of engine which

2:811}? be most desirable for any given





 





 





Q

53>

so

”I:

o:

3-1

a:

W:

nan

No

oo

:10.





They are made of the finest steel that

can be put in a razor, and are all really

to begin action. l)on't let the low price

scare you. Dealers Would charge you

$2.50 for a razor no better than what we

Each razor fully guaranteed. There can be nothing lit‘ttt-l‘ in

Order at once, 75 cents, postage paid. x cents extra

Once. over will make your

\Vith The





aflt 75 cents for.

a razor, regardless of price.

if registered. You will not have to saw your beard off.





face smooth as a baby‘s. We use one and kn 'l e . ' ' ‘ ’

Farmer a year $1.25; 2 years. $1.65; 3 years. $7280.“ ““01 “e WM!"

Address all orders to THE MICHIGAN FARMER, DETROIT, MICH.





i
, 32 no





VVVYVVVVYY‘YYYVYYVVVVVY‘I





 





mummy





, WW -

RENOVATING OLD AND RUN DOWN

ORCHARDS.





 





 





 





In all parts of the country where fruit

growing has been followed for a number

of years there are worn out and run down

orchards. The ages that the several

fruits will continue to bear profitable

crops is the longest in the apple, followed

in the order named, by the pear, cherry,

plum and peach.



In undertaking the work of renovating

and improving an old fruit orchard we

are met with the following conditions:

Land water—logged, scarcity of available

plant-food, insect enemies, fungus growth,

sweeping winds, changeable climate, and

neglect. How to set about to correct

these difficulties is the question for .us to

consider before we begin the work of

improvement.



’ Drainage.



Unless the orchard is well drained the

finst thing for us to consider is how this

may be accomplished. In many orchards

tile drainage will provide an abundance

of plant—food. Trees that are on land that

is full of surface water will not root

deep into the soil, and consequently they

deplete the fertility of the surface soil

and not being able to extend their roots

down into the water-logged soil they are

unable to obtain nourishment from it.

Orchard soils should be thoroly drained to

a depth of at least four or five feet so

that the trees may develop good, vigorous

root systems. \Ve should try and secure

the fertility already in the soil before we

think of using manurcs and fertilizers on

our orchards.



Making Plant-Food Available.



After the drainage conditions are right

the next important step is the cultiva-

tion. A Wonderful amount of plant food

may be developed by cultivation. The

plowing of an old orchard is not a pleas-

ing task, but with a plow properly set

and a good team the work can be done

~without much difiicutty. Between the

rows of trees the ground may be plowed

fairly deep but when up within a. few

feet of the tree row the plow should be

adjusted so that it will cut off about two

inches of the surface soil and not disturb

the roots of the tree. \Vhen an old or-

chard has been cultivated a number of

years these surface roots can be kept

down where they will not bother the

plow. Trees and vines will do better and

'make a better growth when the surface

roots are not disturbed when the plowing

is done. (‘aution should also be used to

prevent plowing up largo roots that will

catch the tools used in cultivation. After

plowing the orchard the soil should be

thoroly worked and sowcd to some cover

crop such as buckwheat or oats that may

be sown late during the summer and left

until the next spring to plow under. The

chief aim in (’lillqull'lll should be to

bring the land up to a state of cultivation

when it can be : lsil” worked and capable

of growing gatlu-ring plants.

After we have awomplished that much

the work of further improvement is easy

for with legumes to furnish humus and

nitrogcn we have a sure basis to ‘vork

upon in the use of mineral fertilizers as

a source of phosphoric acid and potash.



Fertilizing Old Orchard Soils.



Nearly all old orchards are lacking in

available plant food as soon as they

bcgin to pr uluce large crops of fruit again

and it is then that we must supply such

fertilizers as stable manure, cover crops

and mineral fertilizers in varying com-

binations. They are the chicf essentials

for feeding orchard soils. The use of

lcgumnious cover crops and a mixed fer-

tilizer containing acid phosphate, ground

bone and muriatc of potash equal parts

applied at the rate of 1.000 pounds to the

acre will produce excellent results. Some

soils need an application of about forty

bushels of lime per acre before they will

grow clover and other legumes that are

desirable to use for cover crops.



Pruning.



The first step in the work of pruning

should be to remove all of the trees that

interfere with the growth of the others.

Trees can not produce fine specimens of

nicely colored fruit when they are crowd-

ed for room and where the air and sun-

shine cannot reach the fruit. The work

of pruning should not all be done. at

once and in most cases the work will

prove more beneficial when about three

years are taken to gradually bring about

the work of pruning to meet our ideals.

There can be little done to correct the

form, of the trees in. one year but; the





llill'lIL‘t n





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





work of pruning should be done so that

each year will bring the form of the

trees more nearly to our ideal.



Low heading or high heading can sel-

dom be remedied in pruning an old or-

chard. My preference is for'a medium

high headed tree so that the growth of

branches is obtained at nearly right

angles with the trunk of the tree, other-

wise they will form mal-formed crotches,

by the natural tendency of the lower

branches to an upright growth. All trees

perfect in form should have an inside or

central shaft upon which the branches

should be evenly distributed, never allow-

ing three or four to cluster together, or

any of the side branches to take the lead

of the center. All water sprouts should

be cut out the first year and all of the

old shaggy bark that harbors insect pests

and fungi, and often brings about a hide-

bound condition of the trees, should be

scraped off with a short hoe. Then with

a sharp knife all traces of cankers and

body blight, borers and other defective

wood, that can always be found in a.

neglected orchard, should be removed.



Spraying.



After the work of pruning and scraping

is completed and before the buds swell,

spray thoroly with a copper sulphate so-

lution, one pound to fifteen gallons of

water to destroy moss, lichens and fungi.

This may be followed by other sprayings

as the condition of the trees require.

The copper sulphate is the safest remedy

to use for spraying as there is no danger





of its injuring the trees where it is used. .





Insects and fungi are constantly increas-

ing in kinds and individuals and the time

is soon coming when orchards that have

not been sprayed and properly cared for

will be in a condition that will not pay

for the expense involved in renovating





 





and getting them back into shape to pro-

duce profitable crops of fruit. I

Renovating by Sod Culture. I



I have seen some very good results at}

orchard renovation by feeding livestock:

in the orchard and one orchard in par-i

ticular on one of our farms had become'

unprofitable and we gave it two there

prunings and used it for a night pasturc‘.

for our dairy cows for two seasons. ‘



During the time the. cows were pasturcd

in the orchard nights they were, being fed

grain foods and we were milking about

thirty-live cows so the amount of manure

added to the orchard was considerable.

The cattle kept the old bark well rubbed'

off from the trees and from that time

on the orchard has always produced large

crops of fine quality fruit. I believe that

the change is due entirely to pruning and

using it for a night pasture. I have often





thot that shccp would be Very desirable ,





animals to use for improving orchards,

more especially when they were being

fed some forage and supplementary grain

foods and they \vould also make use of

the disease infected fruit as soon as it

dropped to the ground.



New York. XV. MILTON KELLY.





 





MUSHROOMS. .

“It is not difficult to grow mushrooms,”

said an official of the Department of Ag-

riculture, “and beginners are often as

successful with them as are those having

an cxtcnsivc experience. Success depends:

upon general conditions, good materials}

interest in the business, intelligent man-l

agomcnt, and persistent application. ‘

Aside from preparing the manure and

making up the beds. it is a clean crop

to handle, and occupies little spacc, and

so far as the general routine attention

required by the beds and the gathering,

sorting, packing and marketing of thei

mushrooms are concerned, the women of

the household can do the work as Well

as the man.”

A cellar is an excellent place in which





to grow mushrooms if the floor is free:





from water; it matters not whether it is

made of cement or of wood. The windows

and doors should be closed up and dark-

ened. The beds should be made up of

fresh horse manure which has been well

trampled and wettcd in the stable and

afterwards turned over two or three

times to prevent “burning.” Mushroom

spawn can best be. obtained by purchas-

ing one of the “bricks" sold by secdmcn.





 





This brick is broken into a number of

small pieces which should be, planted two

or three inches deep in the manure.



\Yhen it is considered that Paris in

1000 raised nearly 0.000000 pounds of

mushrooms, nearly half of which came to;

this country, it can be assumed that there

is good profit in the industry to the farin-

er's family. There is now a very good

open market for fresh mushrooms in a,

few of the larger cities where hotels and

restaurants will contract for an entire

output. _ l





JAN. 23. 1909.





 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Farming for Profit





Potash is the most impor-

tant single element in crops

and soils; and yet it is too

‘often the last and least con-

sidered.



What the plant gets this

year is what counts—and the

Potash fertilizers are imme-

diately available.





POTASH IS PROFIT





Valuable Books -— " Farmers’ Guide."

“Plant Food,” “Experiments with Fertil- /

izers,” etc., arm-Sent free on Request.



GERMAN KALI WORKS

Monadnock Block, Chicago

New York—93 Nassau Street

Atlanta. 0n.—122.4 Candler Bldg.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





sags





‘.-4

W





4 nonwoon STRAWBERIES Hit A aunt





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





E ARE HEADQUART

for "Norwood" the .

largest straw- .

berry in the World. ‘ ‘

and 75 other best

new and old varie-

ties. Also the Ida-

ho Red. Royal Pur-

ple. Plum Farmer

and other desira-

ble varieties.

Raspberries,

Blackberries

Other Fruit,

Plants, etc.

25 years experi-

ence. Highest -

A w a r d s a 1:

World’s Fair I

We i n v i t e

correspond-

ence. Cat-

alogue free.





l. 1. Farmer





Box C60

Pulaski, N. Y.





ERS





75'

Other

Varieties





 





 





 





written on the front of a postal card





Burpee, Philadelphia and your own address on the back





.. will bring you a copy of The Leading

American Seed Catalog—provided you intend to have a garden this season. A book of 174;

pages, with colored plates painted from Nature. It tells the plain truth about The Best

Seeds that Grow. We have the largest





Mail-order Seed Trade in the World Burpee’ Philadelphia





and it 'is sufficient to address simply





Diamond Joe’s Big White. Earliest Maturlng Big Eared

Corn in the world. Made 153 bushels per acre. It costs but 25

cents per acre for seed. Big illustrated catalog of seed corn

and 31 kinds of Farm and Garden Seeds mailed FREE if you

mention this paper. ,

RATEKIN’S SEED HOUSE. Shenandoah. Iowa.

(LARGEST SEED CORN GROWERS IN THE WORLD.)





HARDY FRUIT & URNAMENTAL TREESéi‘i’EZiziifiE





 





 





 





Grand lol: ofPEACH and other FRUIT TREES. We aim to give satisfaction. Send for catalog.

Address T. B. WEST, Maple Bend Nursery, Lock Box 286. PERRY, OHIO.





 





 





’OODSEEDS

%BESTIMTHEwonLu





_ I give a lot. of new sorts for

trial with every order I fill.



’2 A Grand Big Catalog FRE

'Illustrated with over



700 engravings of vegetables " ' 7,



'3 and flowers. Send yours and





‘ 0“. your neighbors' addresses.

. SHUMWAY. Rockford. Illinois





Seeds, Plants, Roses,





Bulbs, Vines. Shrubs. Fruit ..

- and Ornamental Trees. The \

{w- best. by 55 years' test. 1200 acres,

0 I ~ 50 in Hardy Roses. none bet»

, 'v . ter grown. 44 greenhouses of

Paints. Ferns, Ficus, Ever- /’

, blooming Roses. etc. Seeds

9 Plants, Roses, Bulbs. Small



Trees. etc.. by mail ostpaid.

Safe arrival and satisfaction





 

 

 

 

 

 

   





4/,

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' /0T-BEDS

AND con) FRAMES

The double layer of glass does it





 





 





J

{Lets in the light always. ‘ l

Never has to be covered or' uncovered; no

boards or mats needed. 3

Retains the heat. excludes the cold.

Saves three-fourths of the labor and expense

and makes stronger and earlier plants than i

\ “single—glass sash. >

{Ask for catalogl K, it tells all about it





 





 





3. ,_ urnnteod. Immense stock of Address

b ddi ‘ 50' h 'IIOIfiEtCANliAS. gucsendof z’ . . .., ' -

e u an a. c 01cc co co ions c cup in ee 3 ' .

Planting 86H. etc. Elegant mil-page Catalog FREE: ,Sunhght Double-Glass saSh 00' '





Sand for it. today and see what. values we give for a

{ittle money. _ .;

HE STORRS & HARRISON CO.. Box 176. Puncnille. 0.





10 a. $1,:29





Best varieties—red, white and black. Just the kind

for hinting around the house alom,r fences, or in the

gun en. We also offer live t n-e-yeur-old vlnes for

01.00. Will bear year after planting. Our yaluable

book,how to plant, cultivate and prune,free With every

order. Grapes are easily grown and should be in every

sarden- T. s. nunmnu COMPANY, Grapevine Spookllltl.



Insulated ‘2 You". FBIDOliu. I. I.





 





 





“soe'noyflguget; ”LOUISVILLE. KY.

FRUIT PACKAGES





0F ALL KINDS.

Before ordering elsewhere

write us for our catalogue

and price list.

BERLIN FRUIT BOX (10..

Box G, Berlin Heights,

Erie 00., 01“





LEASE MENTION THE’MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 

 





 





 





. when youare writing to advertisers. .,





¢
fir





JAN. 23, 1909.





lesim Canada the Pennant Winner





“The Last Best West”





The Government of Canada now gives to

over Actual Settle: 160 Acres of

' heat-Growing Land FREE

and an additional 1 60 acres

at only $8.00 an acre.



The 800,000 contented American

settlers making their homes in





Western Ganada





give the best evidence of the superi-

ority of that. country. They are be-

coming rich. growing from 25 to

60 bushels wheat to the acre.

80 to 110 bushels oats and 45 to 60

1bushels barley, besides having splendid

herds of cut raised on the prairie grass.

"Dairying is an important industry.



The crop of 1908 still keeps Western Canada

in the lead. The world will soon look to it as

its food-producer.



"The thing which most impressed us was

the magnitude of the country that is available

for agricultural purpoaes."——National Editor-

lal Correspondence. 1908.



Low Railway Rates. good schools and

churches. markets convenient, prices the

highest. climate perfect. Lands are for sale

by Railway and Land Companies. Descriptive

pamphlets and maps sent free. For KMIWB']

Rates and other information apply to Sup t

' of Immigration. Ottawa. Canada.

or to the authorized Canadian Government Azt.



M. V. McInnes. 6 Ave. Theatre Block,

Detroit. Mich: O. A. Laurier. Mer- ‘

quette. Mich.





EVEnanEMs





38 Hardy Tested Varieties





Nursery grown, suitable for all pur-

oses. $5.00 and up per thousand. We

ave 50 millions. Our low prices will

astonish on. Also Hardy Forest trees, - ,





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





VEGETABLE VARIETIES OLD AND

NEW.





Some of Their Desirable Qualities and

Otherwise.



To intelligently discuss the above sub—

ject there are several important points

to be borne in mind, as table and market

qualities, soil conditions, etc., and it mat-

ters little whether we consider the ques-

tion from the home or market viewpoint,

the same general principles will apply.





‘It must be also remembered that local





conditions and their environment have

much to do with the success or failure 01

many sorts of vegetables as well as fruits

and a variety that, in one locality may

be ideal, while grown in another locality

different in surroundings, may prove

nearly, or quite, a failure. So we must

sometimes consider the praises or other-

wise bestowed upon certain sorts or kinds

of vegetables with a grain of salt until

we know something as to said conditions.

Thus we believe that much seed has been

sent out that, upon its native heath, was

all that could be desired, but grown under

new conditions of climate, soil, etc.,

proved anything but satisfactory.



It may also be well‘in speaking of in-

dividuality of various sorts, to say some-

thing of cultural methods of certain vari-

eties, as some seemingly well known





 





Shade, rnamental a n d Fruit trees.



Shrubs, Vincs,etc. Our beautiful Catalog is crowded

with valuable information. This and 50 Great Bar-

gain sheet are free.



D. HILL. Evergreen Specialist, Box 230. Dundee, Ill-





SPRAYIN G





FRUIT TREES





is no longer an experiment,

but a necessity. Prevents

wormy fruit by destroy-

ing all insect pests

and fungus diseases.

Every farmer gar-

dener,trult or ower

rower should write

1 or Ousem%lcata-

ogue,‘ scri n 21

styles of 8pm gng

Outfits. and con in-

ing a full treatise on

spraying f ruit and vege-

table crops. and much

.. p valuable information.





. sun SPRAYER 00.. Box 108 L Quincy. m.





 





 

 

 

 

 

   

   





WM





 





 





 





IT PAYS ro SPRAY.





The Iron Age 4-row Sprayer gives

perfect satisfaction Puts solution

Just where needed and in fog-like

mist. Pump delivers spray under

high pressure. thus reaching every

part Oi Vinehefi‘ectuallykilling bugs



8





and preven ‘ngblight. Ha.



attach-

ment. Write for roe

petal?) illusarat- . Iron Age

1ng s an ,

other iron 4 ‘ Four-R0"

A89 tOOIB. ( i Sprayer





" Prevents Clogging

BATEMAN MFR. 60., Box 104 S.





 

   





 





 





Orchard Sprayin





 

 





   

   





VA





BRENLOCH. N. J.





 





   





none MAPLE SueAn





From your sugar bush with the some labor and with-

out anurlng our trees. by using Post’s 1m roved

Eureka Sup pants” The reason Why is t a “air

trap. . a special patented feature.





‘ - POST’S





1 Improved

~ Eureka





SAP

SPQUTS





 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 





   

   

 





ncreases the flow when

every minute 0 o u n t 3.

ac h genuine Post's

pout. has signature

on label thus: “C. C.





 





More Sap

Every Day

tor More

Days and





 





 





Make You Post.” Look for it. It SB’L’PIGS 0‘

protects you. No. 1, 3K each,6c . lots

in. long. per 100, $1.75; of 300 do-



No. 231, in. long, per 100, l. U. liveredf.o.b.





 





 





.‘ niogue free.





 

   

   

   

 

   

 

 





 

 

   

   

   





 





 





mohlyn, NY.





 





AULTFATHER’S QUART





Baskets and Crates





for Berries and small fruits.

Special prices for early orders.

Write for catalog.



11. ll. Aultisther, Box A. Minerva, 0.





FRUIT THEE m-cmcm cnowu





 





 





are best for MICHI-

GAN P L A N T E I! 8

Healthy, iinely rooted.





Direct to you at great money-savln rice -

log and Price List FREE. Write r033; " 08'“

cELERV CI‘I'V NURSERIES. KALAMAZOO. MICK.





 





TREES. 30: ADDIe.'5c; Cherry.





PEACH 12c. All kinds of fruit trees and





plantS.Get cats. EBNST’S NURSEBIES, MOSCOW.O.





“Strawberry Plants That Grow."





All Standard varieties. Also Raspberry. Blackberry. Cur-

rant and Grape Plants and Asparagus Roots in Assort-

ment. Warrauted True-to-name. and of Grade represent.

ed. Cataio with Cultural ins nation Free.



0.13. wriiTTEN. Box 1 . BRIDGMAN. Mlcu.





L c o of i' no lit .

Clover seed Agkgefo; ifiamplea agdqgfiiceys’.

WYSONG’S SEED HOUSE. Lebanon. ind.





cinm sPEcIosi sun. I Wm new 600 men.





grown by mail for 01.

M. B. HUBBELL. West Toledo Station. Toledo. 0.





 





 





kinds, in reality have a place in very few





gardens. So what might seem old, old

stories to some are really sealed books

to many.



‘1 Asparagus.



I Concerning the culture, it should be





Iremembcred that the life of a bed ought

!to be from 1-5 to 20 yours; and for that

J reason it is the poorest possible policy to

I fit the ground in a slipshod or haphazard

,sort of way. In choosing a location,

1 some points are worthy of note. A sunny

iexposure is best, where, if possible, the

f all-day sun shall be uninterrupted. This,

of course, mcnns that shade trees or

other obstructions should not be allowed.

Good drainage, either natural or artificial,

is necessary for best results; and if a.

choice of soil be possible choose the sandy

rather than the clay soils. In either

cvont, dccp working is best and heavy

soils will be much improved by subsoiling.

No amount of manure that can be worked

into the ground will be excessive as the

> plant is a gross feeder, and rapid growth

is essential. As to stock for setting,

ycnrling plants are best, and under no

circumstances should older than two

yours be used. It would only be urgent

ncccssity that would induce me to set

cvcn two year old plants.



If desired, home-grown plants may be

usod, which, of course, requires one year

longer to bring a bed into bearing, as

tlicy may be had of the secdsmcu rcudy

for setting, and thus a year will be saved.

To grow plants from the seed, pour hot,

but not boiling water, over them and let

them stand until cool, then pour off. Re—

pcut this two or three times and it will

greatly assist the germination. Plant

in rich soil in drills two inches in depth

and 12 to 14 inches apart. When the





, plants are well up, thin to one inch 01‘ a.





little more apart, and kecp up thoro cul-

tivation. They will be roady for trans-

plantingr into permanent bed the follow-

ing spring.



As to planting the permanent beds, too

much cure cannot be cxcrciscd. A miss-

ing plant is not 0215in rcplaccd until the

following your, so it pays in this respect

alone to do the work well. Then, too,

(loop planting is for :1nd away ahcud of

shallow setting, for the rcusons that the

root growth is poculiur, and the bcd is

or should bc, long livcd. The crown or

boaring port of the root sets about an

inch higher ouch your, and this being

lruc, it follows that in the later years,

if the roots lmvc boon plunlcd shallow,

tho crowns will bc ycry pour the surface,





and in constant (lziugcr of injury from

the knife in cutting the shoots. It is





either that, or the surface of tho bod

must be raised by covcriug with now soil

which is u sorious al‘l‘uii‘. So we say,

ncvcr plant loss than cight inchcs dccp,

and more is better. For general cultiva—

tion the plants should be set not loss

than two and a half by four foot in the

rows. lVood ashes and salt, not less

than four quarts to the squuro rod are

an excellent top- dressing and should be

used every spring. More will not hurt, us

the plants fairly revcl in the salt. In

autumn, mow the tops and when dry

burn them right on the bod then cover

with manure, to be worked in the follow-

ing spring. The second season after

planting the beds may be cut over two or

three times: but at each cutting all the

shoots, large and small, should be cut.

The season following and after that the

bed is. or should be, in full bearing.





 





(is; 83





 





As to varieties—There 'are few, as only

a ‘limited number of distinct varieties

have been developed. The Palmetto is'

the earliest of all, very prolific. large,

thick, dark green stalks with distinct,

pointed top, a prolific bearer and excellent

as to table qualities. This has been rated

as one of the hardiest in resisting fungusj

diseases and insect pests. Conovcr's

Colossal is doubtless'the best knowxr

of all varieties and a general favorite. It ‘

is mammoth in size, green as to colon!

and is doubtless more widely cultivated

than any other known variety.





Barr‘s

Mammoth, as the name indicates, is vcry

large, the stalks sometimes reaching

nearly an inch in diameter, with few

scales, and retaining its size clear to the

end of the stalk. The heads are round and

closed. It is of fine flavor, a quick

grower and consequently tender and suc-

culent. Grant Argcntenil is distinctly a

French sort and very popular there, both

as a home and a market varicty. It is

rapidly coming into favor bore and is, we

believe, worthy of general cultivation.



In general, a'white, or blanched, stalk

is not sought after in the market, the

choice always appearing to be a green

variety. There is, however, one exception

to this, Colombian Mammoth White has

become very popular and we believe, de-

servedly so. The stalks are of largest

size and retain their clear, white color

four to six inches above the ground. It

is. well worthy of triul and will, we think,

give entire satisfaction. I



It is not a little surprising that such!

a general favorite as is asparagus, so‘

little of it is grown, especially in the;

home gardens. There is seemingly no;

end to the demand and as a market pro?

duct it is a money maker. No garden,

oilhcr home or market, lacking a gun-

crous supply of this vcgotublc, is quite

what it ought to be. A Well sol bod will

last for years; and the wonder is why‘

more of it is not; grown. _





Wayne Co. J. E. Moons.





 





LATE GROWING ONIONS.





There are at least three reasons why

onions continue to grow lute in the sca-

son and do not ripen well: the using Oi

sccd that matured in u climutc with :1

longer growing season than where the

secd is planted; a too liberal amount of

nitrogen in the soil in proportion to other

important plunt clcmculs; soil that is too

wot. From these different causes grow-

crs of this crop having trouble in

widcly diffcront sections. A rcmlcr from

Grand Traverse county has just mude

inquiry about this fault with his last sou—3

son’s crop.



Sccds produced in England are verv

likely to producc plants with this tcml—

cncy of late full growth. Seeds should

be secured from houscs that supply from

seeds grown in this country. There is

some onion sccd produccd in our own

state. A too libcrul umouut of uitrogwn

in the soil can be overcome by balancing

up the plant food ihci-l-iu thru the add-

ing of potash and phosphoric :u-id. Thvsc

clcmcnts in plcnly will 54ch Ibo plums

M'cl'y opportunity to (lcvclop nului'ully

when ihoy should ripou iu (illi‘ scusou.

Drainage will ovcrcomo oxm-ssivo dump-

ncss. Tile drains ill‘i‘ Sillll'l‘lill‘ to surf-ow

ditches for this purposc and Ibo fertility

of the soil ‘an bcllor bc 1'clzlincd tlu‘u

ihcir usc.



Should 0110 find himsclf with :1 crop of

onions on huud [but pr‘i'slstod in growing





ill'C‘





beyond the limo of scuson \\'llCll lhcv

should be ripculug ihc dilllculiy can be

overcome by brcukiug dowu the tops

during the lultcr part of August. This





is cosily :u-complishml by rolling :1 barrel





'l‘llo onions produced by





ovcr “10 rows.

ircuiing in this muuucr ui‘c not uour‘i'ully

ol‘ the high quality as lliosc llmt rlpcn





in the regular way und in propcr season;

but the proccss improvcs the crop over

what it would be if loft without the tops

being broken. The cxpcnsc is small us

it requires but little time to cover a con-

sidcrublc area.





OR—EHARD DRAINAGE.





Not alono 1mm], (-luycy soils are bunc—

tlitod by (imiuagc: vcry oftou rolling soils,





(‘HllSidCI'Pd to be idoul locations for tho





upplc. will respond nobly to wcll-luiu

drains. I

Subsoiling during thc preparation of





the soil for the reception of tho trccs is

frcqucntly a very profitable practice but

the some results may be obtained on

most soils by thoro tiling. The soil grad- .

unlly settles buck uflcr tho, subsoiliug‘

but with the tile drains it gradually bo-

comcs more open and allows the roots of





Try This For a Seve‘re

' Cough.





Take a pint of Granulated Sugar,

add 1/2 cup of water, stir and let

boil just a. moment. Put 21/: oz.

of Pincx in a pint bottle and fill it.

up with the Granulated Sugar Syr-

up. Shake well and take a tea-

spoonful every one, two or three

hours.



The prompt results from this

simple, home-made rcmcdy will

surprise you. It has been known

to conquer a deep—scutcd cough in

24 hours. It is also an excellent

thing for whooping cough, soreness

of the lungs, bronchial troubles

and other throat affections.



The proportion above suggcstod

is enough to last :1 family a. long

time. It is equally effective for

young or old, and has u very pleas-

ant taste. Well corked, it never

spoils. It takes less than live min-

utcs to prepare, and is very inex—

pcnsive. The 21/2 oz. of Pinex

should cost you about fifty cents,

and the Granulated Sugar about

four cents.



Pincx, as you probably know, is

the most valuable concentrated

compound of Norway White Pine

Extract. It is rich in guaiacol and

other elements that make the ozone

0f the pine forests so effcctivc in

curing throat and lung diseases.



There are many pine tar and pine

oil preparations, but none of these

are to be compared with the real

Pine): itself. All druggists have it

or can get it for you without trou-

ble if requested.





 





 





 





 





   





. See Salzer's catalog page 129.

Largest growers of seed oats. wheat. barley.

speltz. com. potatoes. grasses and clovers and

farm seeds in the world. Big catalog free: or.

send 1°C in stamps and receive sample of

Billion Dollar Grass. yielding 10 tons of hay



er acre, oats. speltz. barley, etc.. easily worth



10.00 of any man’s money to get a start, and



catalog free. Or. send 1 4c and we add a. same



pie farm seed novelty never seen before by you.

. THE SALZER SEED 00.. Lacrosse, Win





PoTAroEs PAY





Make them pay by using the machines that

really do the work—

GUT, PLANT.

SPRAY.



BIG and

SORT





There’s nothing In ‘

potato machinery

up to





ASPINWALL EQUIPMENT





Write for copy of our free book telling how

to make money. growing potatoes.





ASPINWALL MFG. CO.

439 Sabin 51., Jackson, Mich.;U-S.A.

Pioneer Makers of Potato Machinery





   

 

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

 





 





Peaches for Profit





or for home consumption—ii you grow them you need the I

new miulogue of Harrison's Nurserics. \‘.'c have produced I

more l’cm Ii trccs than {my other American vouvcrn. \Ve limi- 1

now 6004.0» imc young I’c.’u:h trc'cs. including,r cvery qnol I

kind, new and old. and of the vigor and inmliuvss possible in 1

our exceptions] Soil, under our advliuccd methods of culture. I





All Good Fruit and Ornamental Trees





arc in our «to. I: , and our 190‘) I dialogue- vlcscrilrsthcm in .1er -

til :11 way, illusirziu-il lroxu photoumplis, sonic iuculor. 'l'hc most

coulpmt {uni uwi'ul nursrly book of the year; worth a good

deal lllorc than the trouble cfwriiiur.r for lt—l/mt'x all it torts.





HARRISON'S NURSERIES.

‘ 1;}; " 'I‘





 





 

 

 





For Maple, Sorghum.

Cider and Fruit

Jellies.





C H A M P I 0 N

EVAPORATOR

C0. HUDSON, 0- N“ ."H ,. / tap.





Saves Time, Labor and fuel; makes the

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oi.





   

 

 

 

 





for

cata-

log givuig

llulul)0r of

trees you





or LM'ALPA

ANA SEED





3 "The J Imtana A falfa need I

have testedfuryou is absolutely

free from «ladder or any other

.. noxious weed seeds. Montana

, + seed in probably the beat which

> ' V could be used in Wl-wnnein."

. L. STONE.



Arse. Agronomic: Wis. 49!. Coll.

, Mr. Stone found our alfal-



fa 99.9 percent pure. We

, ~ have a large stock identically

~ the same seed.





 





   





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





Ask for Send postal for Free 8

"Samplg and for 88-page Catalog 51:53:}:

Collect’n“ Potatoes. Field Seeds and Gar-

10 v":- den Seeds oi all kinds.



Field ‘

M, L. l. uLns SEED co.





FREE. DRAWER 36. MADISON, WIS.





 





trees to live deeper.





 





(Formerly Clinton. Wis.)
‘w..:;.—~—,...:.. . .. ,





l

l

l

i

.





 





(16)





84





 





 





DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.





 





Jan. 20, 1908.

Grain and Seeds.





Wheat—There has been a general im-

provement in the wheat market the past

week. The only bearish feature of the

market is the general snow storm that

fell over the wheat belt of the west and

northwest. Primary receipts have fallen

off and the liberal use of the grain by

flouring mills is rapidly consuming the

visible supply which decreased nearly

2,000,000 bushels the past week. The

market on Friday last was influenced by

heavy shipments from Argentine, but this

movement was not as large as a year ago

and traders 'in that country are more

bullish in their sentiment. The demand

for flour is good and Liverpool markets





are higher. One year ago No. 2 red

wheat was quoted at $1.01. Quotations

are as follows:



No. 2 No. 1 No. 3



Red. “'hite. Red. May. July.

Thurs. 1.06 1.05 . 1.03 1.08% 1.01.

Fri. . 1.051,; 1.041,; 1.02% 1.08 1.00

Sat. ...... 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.08% 1.00%

Mon. .. 1.06% 1.05% 1.03% 1.08%.; 1.00%

Tues. .. . 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.09% 1011/

Wed. . . 1.08 1.07 1.05 1.09% 1.01



Corn.—This market is strong with





prices ruling at the improved quotations

of a week ago. The receipts are lim-

ited and the supply continues steady,

altho stockmen are generally feeding less

than usual; the demand from this source,

however, is constant with that of the past

few weeks. The visible supply shows a

slight decrease. A year ago No. 3 corn

was quoted at 58 cents. The following

are the prices for the past week:





No. 3



No. 3. Yellow.



Thursday .. 61% 62%

Friday .. ..... 61% 62%

Saturday . . . . ...... . . . . 61% 62%

Monday ..... . . ........ 61% 62%

Tuesday . . . . . . ......... 61% 62%

\Vcdnesday .............. . . 613/1, 62%

Oats—There is a fair demand for this

cereal and the market is steady. The





activity is confined to the cash deal. The

visible supply shows a decrease of a.

half million bushels. One year ago price





for No. 3 white oats was 54c. Quota-

tions are as follows:



No. 3 1Vhite.

Thursday .. 53

Friday ............ ..... 53

Saturday ........ 53

Monday ..... . . ..... .. 53

Tuesday ........ 53

“'cdnesday ................. 53





Beans.—This trade is lifeless. Occasion-

ally a bid is made but no actual ex-

changing is being done upon the market

here. The nominal quotations set by





the Board are as follows:

Cash. May.

Thursday . . ................ $2.20 $2.25

Friday .. .. ................ 2.20 2.25

Saturday . . . ............... 2.20 2.25

Monday ............... 2.20 2.25

Tuesday ............... 2 20 2.27

\Vcdnesday ................... 2.20 2.25

Clover Seed.—This trade continues ac-





tive with prices ruling at the figures

given a week ago. Altho the demand is

strong, the supply is sufficiently large

to keep prices from fluctuating to any

great extent. The following quotations

ruled the past week:





Prime Spot. Mar. Alsike.

Thursday ..... $5.6 $5.67 % $8.00

Friday . . . ...... 5.60 5.70 8.00

Saturday ...... 5.60 5.70 7.50

Monday 5.55 5.60 7.50

Tuesday ..... 5.50 5 60 8.00

\Vednesday 5.50 5 '7 8.00





Visible Supply of Grain.

This week. Last week.





'VVheat . . .......... 48,704,000 50,479,000

Corn ................ 7,210,000 7,325,000

Oats ................. 10,353,000 10,021,000

Rye ................ 928,000 1,012,000

Barley ............... 4,445,000 4,905,000





‘ Flour, Feed, Previsions, Etc.





Floun—l'nchanged. Demand is good.



Receipts of flour on Tuesday were 600

bbls., and shipments 400 bbls. Quotations

are as ws:

Clear ... .............. occle-II...O'.OO$5I00

Straight .............. ........... 6.15

Patent Michigan ........ . 5.75

Ordinary Patent ................... . 5.35



Hay and Straw.~——Prices unchanged.





Carlot prices on track are: No. 1 timothy,

new, $10.506’ill; No. 2 timothy, $9.506010;

clover, mixed, $06110; rye straw, $7.50;

wheat and out straw, $6.50 per ton.



Feed.—Middlings and corn meal lower.

Bran, $24 per ton; coarse middlings, $25;

fine middlings, $26: cracked corn and

coarse corn meal, $25.50.



Potatoes.-—-'i‘r:'ulcrs are paying more for

potatoes than a week ago. The market

is firm, offerings being small and demand

fair. Good stock is quoted at 755800 per

bu.



Oils.———T.insced in barrels, 56c per gal;

boiled, 57c: lard oil, extra winter strain-

ed. 80c: extra No. 1, 60c; No. 1, 50c; No.

2, 45c; headlight kerosene, 9%c; turpen-

tine by the bbl. 47%c per gal.





Provisions—Family pork, $176017.50;

mess pork, $16; light s‘hort clear, $18.50;

heavy short clear, $10; pure lard in





tierces, 10%c; kettle rendered lard, 11%c;

bacon, lll/gc: shoulders, 7%c; smoked

hams, 10%c: picnic hams, 7c.





Hides—No. 1 green, 91/20: No. 2 green,

8%c; No. 1 cured. 12c: No. 2 cured,

11c; No. 1 green kip. 14c: No. 2 green

kip, 12%c: No. 1 cured calf, 15%0; No. 2

cured calf, Me; No. 1 horsehides, $3.40;

No. 2, $2.40; sheepskins, as to woo],

lambs, 50c60$1.50.





Dairy and Food Products.



Butter.—The trade is slow, due to the

prevailing high prices and economy

caused thereby. Buyers are only pur-

chasing for present needs. The market

shows firmness the country over. Dairy

goods are quoted a little lower. Quota-

tions: Extra creamery, 32c: firsts, 30c;





packing stock, 19c; dairy, 21@23c.





' THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





‘Eggs.-——Market is lower by a half cent

for fresh stock while refrigerator stuff

is higher. The trade is quiet. res'h

stock is quoted at 30%c per dozen; re-

frigerator extra, 28%0.



Poultry.—Poultry is dull. Prices gen-

erally are ruling with those of last week,

a few, however, being lower and turkeys.





both dressed and alive, are higher. Quo-

tations: Dressed chickens, 14c; fowls,

13c; ducks, 14@15c; geese, 12@13c; tur-





keys, 18@2-2c per 1b. Live—Spring chick-

ens, 13c; fowls, 120; ducks, 13@14c; geese,

10@11c; turkeys, 17@18c per lb.

Fruits and Vegetables.



Apples—Market strong. Best grades

are quoted at $3.75@5 per bbl. Western

apples in bushel boxes, $2.25@3.50.



Onions—Spanish, $1.65 per bu; home-

grown at 60@650 per bu.





Cabbage.—Home-grown selling at 21/20 .





per lb.



Vegetables.-—'Green onions, 15c per doz;

radishes, 30c per doz; cucumbers, $1.90

@2 per bu; lettuce, 170 per lb; head let-

tuce, $3.25 per hamper; beets, 40c; tur-

nips, 400; carrots, 400; watercress, 40c

per doz; celery, 40c; spinach, $1 per bu;

parsnips, 60c per bu.





OTHER MARKETS.





Grand Rapids.



Dressed hogs are a little higher this

week, dealers quoting at 7%@7%c. But-

ter is steady and the egg market is also

unchanged, though the 'high prices have





 





resulted in a decreased consumption in

the city. Wheat is now worth an even

$1 per bu. Other grains unchanged, with





the exception of buckwheat, which has

dropped to 75c. There has been a small

advance in the potato market, buyers

paying 55c in the Traverse City region,

and 5561 60c around Greenville and other

nearer loading stations.



Quotations follow:



Grains. Wheat, $1; corn, 62:0 oats,

52c; buckwheat, 75c per bu; rye, 70c.



Beans—Handpicked, $1.90 per bu.



Butter.—Buying prices: Dairy, No. 1

240; No. 2, 17c; creamery in tubs, 31%c.



Cheese.—-—Michigan full cream is selling





 





at 1360140 per lb; brick, 15c; Swiss,

160; limburger, 150.

Eggs—Case count, 27@28c; candied,





30@31c. ~



Apples.——750@$1.25.



Potatoes.—65@70c per bu.



Cattle—Cows, $250603 per cwt; steers

and heifers, best quality, $3604; dressed

mutton 60; dreSSed veal, 6%607%c; dressed

beef, cows, 4%@5%c; steers and heifers,

5%6T7c.



Hogs—Dressed, 7%6073/ic.



Live Poultry.—Fowls, 960100: spring

chickens, 1060110; roosters, 7608c: tur-

keys, 166018c; young ducks, 10@llc;

geese, 96010c.





 





Pittsburg.

Butter.—I»1igher; creameries,

per lb; firsts, 32%60331/20; prints,

35c.

Eggs. T‘nchanged. Fresh candied,

@35c; current receipts, 3060320.





3460341/20

341/24?)





33





 





 





 





Apples. King, $560 5.50 per bbl; Spy $4

@450; Spitzenburg, $4604.40.

Poultry—Dressed. Turkeys. 1.060200;

spring chickens, 17@18c; hens, 17@180;

ducks, 170.

New York.

Grain—“meat, No. 2 red, $1.077/3@





1 087g; corn, N0. 2, 680; oats, mixed, 54@





541/20.

Eggs.—~Easy: western firsts, 32%6033c;

seconds, 3160320.





Creamery specials, 33 @

211/20, 220.





per 180





Button—Firm.

33%0: western factory firsts,

Potatoes—“’estern, in bulk,

lbs, 322560250; per bu, 786080c.

Poultry—Dressed, firm: western spring





chickens, 156021c; spring turkeys, 16@

23c; fowls, 1460160.



Hay—Choice timothy, $17; No. 1, 166.0

16.50; No. 2, $15; No. 3~ $136014: shipping,





$12513: little clover mixed, 146015; No. 1

clover, $13; No. 2, $11; No. 1 rye straw,

$21; No. 2 do, $18; No. 1 tangled rye, $12;

oat straw, $850609; wheat,





 





Boston.



TVooL—There is a scarcity in the stocks

of fleece and staple territory supplies. Al-

though thc activity on the local market

is not so apparent as a week ago, a

large number of small contracts have

been made which amount to a total of

several million pounds. Prices continue

firm and the general business is reported

flood. The London auctions which have.

just opened were very largely attended

and the competition for the holdings is

strong. Prices are showing a tendency

upward. The following are the leading

domestic quotations for the week: Ohio

and Pennsylvania fleeces—XX. 3460350;

X 316732(-; No. 1 washed, 386030c; N0. 2

washed, 3867‘30c: fine, unwashed, 236024c;

half-blood combing. 30c; three—cighths

blood combing, 206030c; quarter—blood

combing, 286'120c: delaine washed. 384030c;





dclainc unwashed. 2960300. Michigan,

\‘Visconsin :«nd New York fleeces—Fine

unwashed. 226/23c; dclaine unwashed, 27

6128c: half—blood unwashed, 280029c;

thrcc—eighths blood unwashed, 286020c:

quarter—blood, 27W28c. Kentucky, Tndi-





and Missourii'l‘hrcc-eighths blood,

quarter-blood, 2760280.



Rye.—Markct slow and easy with an

advance of %c in price. Quotation for

cash N0. 2 is 780.





ana,

286i30c;





 





Cincinnati.

Potatoes—Market higher.

track, 806082c per bu.

Rutter.——Creamery prints, 34140 per lb;





Bulk on





extra. 34c: firsts, 32%6033%c.

Eggs—Extra, 30c per doz; firsts, 27c.

Apples—King, $5.00 per bbl; Snow,



$3.50; Baldwins, $4604.25; Spy, $4.25W4.75;





Greenings, 5537560425.



Poultry.——T.ive—Springers. 126012%c per

lb; hens, 11®111/;)(': cocks, 7c; ducks, 1160

13c; turkeys, 106017%c.





 





Chicago.

Wheat—No. 2 red, $1.06601.073/; May,

$1.07: July, 9854c.

Corn—No. 2, 5000501411: No. 2 yellow,

501460501/m; May, 61140: July, 6154c.

Oats—No. 3 white, 49%@51%c; May,

51%c; July, 46%c.





Barley—Good ',‘ feeding, 59@60%c; fair

to choice malting, 61@64c.





ButterL—Steady; creameries, 22@30c;

dairies, 21%@27c. ‘

Eggs—Weak. At mark, cases includ-





ed, 25%@28%c; firsts, 29%0; prime firsts,

30%c.





Potatoes—Car lots in bulk.





Fanc , 73

@75c per bu; y





ordinary to good, 65@68c.





Elgln.



Butter.—Market firm at 32c, which is

last week's quotation. Sales for the week

amounted to 547,700 lbs., compared with

587,200 lbs. for the previous week.





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.



(Special report by Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of sale stock here today as

follows: Cattle, 120 loads; hogs, 14,000;



sheep and lambs, 27,000; calves, 700.



The medium to good butcher cattle sold

10@15c higher than last week, with an

active trade throughout the day. There

was several loads of good weight cattle

on the market, that up to a late hour

had no bids on them whatever. It seems

that the markets, both east and West,

are asking for a big reduction on the

heavy weight cattle. In our butcher

trade, and country trade also, the cry

is for something on the low—priced order.

We are selling cattle from $5 to $5.50,

which don't look to be worth as much

within a full dollar a hundred as those

we can‘t get 60 for, but, nevertheless,

there seems to be no demand at the

present time for'this kind. We don’t

expect this to last any great. length of





 





 





time, but we know that the present

prices will not justify any shipper in

trying to buy good weight cattle for

this or any other market.





We quote: Best steers, $6.00606.50;

best 1,200 to 1,300—lb. shipping steers,

3557560025; best 1,000 to 1,100-11). ship-

ping stcers, $5,605.50: best fat cows, $4.75

605: fair to good cows, $350604; trim-

mers, $2602.50; best fat heifers, $55060

5.75; butcher heifers, 800 to BOO-lb, $460





4.25; light fat heifers, $3.50@3.75; best

bulls, $450605: bologna bulls, 03.75604.





With light receipts oi hogs today and

a good outside demand, prices were from

156020c, and in some cases 250 higher

than Saturday. Fair clearance for all

that got yarded in time for the market.

(inc or twoloads of choice Illinois hogs

averaging 280 to 300 lbs. sold as high

as $6.75. -



\Ve quote: Rest: medium and heavy,

$6.6060670; mixed, 3366060665; best York—

crs, 3565060660; light yorkers, 2662560640;

pigs, $590606; roughs, $5.60@5.75; stags,

$4.25604.75.



\Vith 120 loads of lambs on the market

today they sold about ten cents a bun-

dred lower than Saturday and trading

was slow at the prices. Several loads are

going over unsold.



\Ve quote: Top lambs. $7.55607.60; fair





 





to good, $7607.50: cull lambs, $5.50fi‘0.75;

skin culls, $450605; yearlings, $6@6.65:

wethers, $5.50605.65; ewes, $475605; cull

sheep, $2.50603.50.

Best veals, 59.756010; medium to good,

$7.50@9; heavy, $4605.

Chicago.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today .28,000 43,000 22,000

Same day last year. 35.003 53,725 23,251

Received last week. 77,150 212,677 83,024

Same week last year 84,476 248,582 71.477





Cattle were marketed last week with

too much liberality, and prices suffered

accordingly, although there was a good

outlet, both shippers of live beef cattle

and buyers of stockers and feeders send-

ing out large numbers. Country ship-

pers continue to market by far the larg-

est supplies on Monday. which makes

that much the worst day of the week

for sellers. The market is apt to rally

on smaller Wednesday supplies. while

Thursday is not apt to be much of a

day for either receipts or demand. in

quality the receipts last week were rath-

er ordinary on the whole, with a poor

showing of choice beevcs, but the demand

kept on mainly for a middling class of

yearling steers and heifers, and heavy

cattle were. still discriminated against.

Cold weather has made a better con-

sumption of beef, but. high prices tend

to check the demand for heavy cuts

of beef, and light cuts are mainly called

for. Beef steers have been selling large-

ly at $4.90fi06.65, with the poorer class of

light weight steers selling at $4fi‘5 and

the better class of shipping cattle at

$6.75@7‘.11. Good cattle went at $6676.70

and medium lots at $5.256ri5.05. Cows

and heifers have been selling at $310606.

Witli but a small proportion of the sales

above $5.50: canncrs and cutters sold

fairly at $150603, with bulls selling at

$285605, prices being unusually high.

Calves, too, were much higher than or-

dinarily, going at $3.50609.75 per 100 lbs.,

while mllkers and springers had a fair

outlet at $2560.55 per head. The. stocker

and feeder trade has shown a good deal





(if animation and firmness, with recent

sales at $2.75605.25, and a few sales

up to $5.60. Choice feeders are hard to





buy, as they are apt to be purchased by

killers.



Cattle declined 156025c last week on an

average. Today, with smaller receipts

than are usually seen on Monday, heavy

becves were slow and no higher, the

best cattle selling at $7. The medium

and pretty good cattle of light and handy

weights were active and firmer to a

dime higher.



Hogs have been marketed freely for

still another week, and most feeders \vcre

evidently in a hurry about selling their

holdings, fearing that they would eat too

much high-priced feed. The recent aver-

age weight of the receipts, is only 202

lbs, compared with 215 lbs. a month

ago and a year ago, and 224 lbs. two

years ago. Meanwhile the demand, espe-

ciallv from the. eastern shippers, has been

much the best for heavy hogs, which

have, sold at a substantial premium, the

lighter hogs and pigs selling at a big

discount. As eastern sections have no

considerable supplies of hogs left, a con-





 





JAN. 23, 1909.





tinuance of the extremely liberal east-

ern shipping demand may be expected,

and a continuance of winter weather

will naturally keep the consumption of

fresh pork very large, the ruling prices

being much below those for other meats

of all descriptions. Under all the cir—

cumstances, there is no good excuse for

marketing hogs prematurely. Hogs to-

day were in much smaller supply than

usual on Monday, and active buying put.

prices 10@15c higher. Sales were made

at $5.50@6.55.



Sheep and lambs were rushed to mar-

ket in order to save feed earlier in the

season, so much that supplies were

greatly depleted, and no big supply seems

to be left in most feeding .sections of

the country. Recent receipts have been

on a very moderate scale, with not near—

ly enough fat flocks offered to satisfy

the requirements of buyers, and prices

ruled extremely high, especially for

lambs, which were prime favorites with

buyers. Fat little yearlings on the lamb

order also went very high, 'and prime

wethers and ewes made a. good showing

in values. There was a good call for

feeder 1am§s and extremely highrprices

were paid, ew being available, as killers

took nearly everything offered. Lambs

sold last week at $5608.10 per 100 lbs.,

With feeder lambs taken at $6.50@6.80.

Ewes sold at $3.25@5.50, wethcrs at'$5.50

@6, yearlings at $6@7.25 and rams at $3@

4.50. During the latter part of last week

the general demand fell off, and prices

broke sharply, declining further today,

when; lambs sold at $4607.85, the best

yearlings at $7, prime wethers at $5.50

and prime ewes at $5.25.



Horses of the better class have been

meeting with a good demand for another

week, fair prices being paid, but the

market has been oversupplied with the

commoner kinds that had to be sold fre-

quently at shaded prices. Heavy draft-

ers had a fair sale at $165@215 per head,

vith a few sales of prime finished extra

heavy animals at $22560250. Loggers for

shipment to New England points had a.

fair sale at $16060200, and general pur-

pose horses were forwarded in the same

direction at $15060175. Good farm chunks

from four to six years old and weighing

from 1,200 to 1,350 lbs. had a fair outlet

at 5512060150, and light drivers sold very

well on the whole at $140@350. F. V





LlVE STOCK NOTES.





Renewed evidence is found in the Chi-

cago sheep and lamb market of the fine

returns that are sure to follow scientific

feeding of well—bred flocks. Surprisingly

few fancy lots are being marketed there

and elsewhere, and most of the time sup-

plies are much too small to go around.

At recent prices paid for prime lambs, as

well as for choice little yearlings, and for

fat wethers and ewes, sheepmen found

themselves well repaid, and it is strange

that so many feeders persist in marketing

lllfCl‘iOI‘ stock, but one explanation is that

many farmers have suddenly taken up

the. business without in the least under-

standing it or realizing the wide differ-

ence between fat and half-fat flocks.



This is a period when the optimists

are winners, so far as stockmcn are con-

cerned, and the weak-kneed farmers en-

gaged in fattening hogs who became

frightened several weeks ago because live

stock publications that are inspired by

the Chicago packing concerns made the

prediction that the Chicago market was

bound to drop to a $5 basis, now see that

they made a serious mistake in letting go

of their half—fat droves. VVide-awake

farmers who keep in touch with the lead-

ing markets of the country by subscrib-

ing for unprejudiccd farm papers and by

directing leading live stock commission

firms in the big markets to keep them

fully informed regarding the live stock

markets need have no fear of going Wrong;

in marketing their holdings. Instead of

falling to a $5 basis, bugs have been

headed recently in the opposite direction,

and at the prescnt time it is generally

bclicvtd that before, very long there. will

be $7 hogs. liut stockmcn should always

remember that it is well to sell at a good

price whenever oi‘fc‘cd, and the best ad-





vice that cm be given is to keep the

hogs coming to market as soon as they

are, matured propcrlv, taking the usual





precaution to get advice first from good

Commission firms on the matter.

Farmers now cngagcd in fattening cat-

tle for the. market have been remarkably

favorcd up to the recent cold snap that

swooped suddenly down on the country.





Seldom has such an unseasonably mild

winter been experienced as this, and cat-

tle have, done exceedingly well in the

feed lots, requiring less corn than when





the weather is cold, while, cattle that are

being roughed thru the winter look un-

expectedly well. Ohio farmers are feed-

ing a good many cattle of the better

class, and taking the entire field covered

by the, corn belt feeding states the amount

of feeding now being carried on is much

larger than was the case earlier in the

season. A gradual change of sentiment

has taken place among farmers regarding

the, policy of feeding cattle, the material

decline, in prices for corn being largely

responsible for this, and a good deal of

short feeding is being done, while large

numbers of cattle are being roughed thru

the. winter. Roughage is plentiful nearly

everywhere, and there was a big hay

crop last year, except in the extreme

east, where it was greatly curtailed by

the dry weather, unrelieved by rainfalls

of any importance. In the southwest

cattle feeding is still popular with many

farmers, and a good many cattle are re-

ported as being prepared for the market





in Igll'lSflS, Nebraska, Oklahoma and

Texas. In Montana, stocklncn are utiliz-

ing thcir good crops of hay. A careful

canvass of the cattle and sheep feed<

ing in that state shows that nearly

20.000 cattle are on hay feed which





will be marketed in late winter and early

spring weeks Many of these cattle when

fat will find an outlet on the Pacific coast,

but it is also expected that liberal num—

bers will be shipped to the Chicago mar-

ket. In the same. territory some 25,000

sheep and lambs are being fed.
.. ,. -<.r..«.-.. .





JAN. 23. 1909,.





THIS IS THE LAST EDITION.





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock markets are reports of last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday’s Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday 5

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that effect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.

February 21, 1909.

Cattle.





Receipts, 1,066. Market opened dull,

with handy butchers steady, others 10c

lower.



\Ve quote: Extra dry fed steers. and

heifers, 3152560550; steers and heifers,

1.000 to 1,200, $475605; steers and heifers,

800 to 1,000, $4@4.50; steers and he1fers

that are fat, 500 to 700, $350604; choxce

fat cows, $3.75; good fat cows, $3603.50;

common cows, $275603; canners, 31.2561)

1.75; choice heavy bulls, $375604; fair to

good bolognas, bulls, $3@3.50; hght bulls,

$275603.



Bishop, B. & H. sold to Kamman 1 bull

weighing 660 at $3, 11 butchers av 780

at $3.75; to Sullivan P. (‘0. 5 steers av

850 at $4.60, 5 do av 1,182 at $4, 2 bulls

av 1,430 at $3, 3 butchers av 896 at $3.75,





9 do av 802 at $4.40,"2 cows av 1,000 at.





$3, 1 heifer weighing 750 at $4.50, 1 cow



weighing 900 at $2, 4 do av 958 at $3.10,



3 do av 926 at $3, 1 heifer weighing 770



at $4.25, 4 steers av 1,030 at $5.40, 3 cows



av 1,100 at $4.10; to Kull, 7 steers av



1,040 at $4.75; to Mich. B. Co: 1 cow



weighing 1,000 at $3, 1 do weighing 1,140



at $3.50, 4 do av 737 at $3.25, 13 butchers



av 835 at $4.25, 12-do av 730 at $4.10, 1



cow weighing 1.030 at $3.50; to Regan 6



steers av 630 at $4.25; to Sullivan P. Co.



2 bulls av 1,270 at $3.75; to Thompson



Bros. 7 butchers av 725 at $4.25, 4 cows



av 1,012 at $3.50, 4 do av 907 at $2.50; to



Schuman 12 steers av 965 at $5.10; to



Mich. B. Co. 12 do av 932 at $4.75; to



Sullivan P. Co. 3 cows av 900 at $2, 4 do



av 1,017 at $3; to Marx 2 steers av 850



at $4, 8 butchers av 900 at $4.15; to Rat-



ncr 2 cows av 1,000 at $3.25.



Spicer, M. & B. sold Kull 6 steers av

900 at $4.50, 6 cows av 933 at $3; to Kam—

man B. Co. 10 butchers av 902 at $4.60,

S do av 1,144 at $3.75; to Caplis 1 cow

Weighing 800 at $1.75; to Kull 1 do weigh-

ing 1,060 at $3; to Mich. B. Co. 4 cows

av 807 at $2; to Goose 1 cow weighing

820 at $2, 1 do weighing 1,000 at $2.25.; to

Caplis 3 steers av 806 at $4, 1 do weigh-

ing 810 at $3.50, 2 heifers av 465 at $3.40,

5 COWS av 940 at $3.40, 4 butchers av 450

at $4, 4 do av 712 at $4, 5 do av 734'at

$4; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 bull weighing

1,330 at $3.25; to Knauff 20 steers and

heifers av 912 at $4.40; to Mich. B. Co. 10

steers av 800 at $4.70, 1 cow weighing

1,000 at $3.25, 6 do av 990 at $3.25, 6

butchers av 800 at $3.75; to Cooke 5

steers av 756 at $4.35; to Mich. B. Co. 10

do av 835 at $4.70, 1 cow weighing 1,000

at $3.25; to Rattkowsky 4 butchers av

655 at $3.25. ,



Roe Com. Co. sold Heideke 14 butchers

av 800 at $4.50; to Goose 10 do av 1,008

at $3.20, 2 cows av 440 at $2; to Mich. B.

Co. 7 butchers av 600 at $3.60, 17 do av

550 at $3.60; to Caplis 3 do av 710 at

$3.60; to Kaamman B. Co. 10 do av 730 at

$4.25, 1 cow weighing 1.080 at $3.50; to

Rattkowsky 2 butchers av 300 at $3.50; to

Markowitz 9 do av 1,050 at $3.40; to Ratt-

ner 1 steer weighing 900 at $3.75; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 3 stccrs av 950 at $4.35, 1

bull weighing 1,440 at $3.85.



\Vanty sold liresnahan 4 cows av 967

at $2.85.



Johnson sold Regan 2 cows av 905 at

3.35.



McAninch sold same 6 heifers av .)71

at $3.60.



Johnson sold Mich. E. Co. 2 heifers av

725 at $3, 2 cows av 1,040 at $3.25, 14

butchers av 803 at $4.35.



McAninch sold Starrs 2 steers av 875

at $4.75, 1. bull weighing 1,060 at $3.50.



Sharp & W. sold Kull 2 bulls av 1,225

at $3.50, 1 do weighing 1,160 at $4, 1 steer

weighing 1,210 at $5.85, 2 heifers av 500

at $3, 1 cow weighing 1,000 at $4.25, 4

butchers av 860 at $3.50.



VVanty sold Kamman B. Co. 12 cows

av 980 at $3.75.



Vaughan Bros. Sold same 5 cows av

882 at $3.60.



Johnson sold same 2 hcifcrs av 565

at $4, 12 butchers av 780 at $4.50.



Hansberger sold Sullivan l’. (‘o. 6 cows

av 970 at $3.75, 2 bulls av 1,350 at $3.75.



Landell sold same 17 stccrs av 820 at

$4.60, 3 heifers av 776 at $3.50.



Erban sold same 3 butchers av 500

at $3.40.



Johnson sold same 2 bulls av 1,235 at

$3.80, 3 canners av 860 at $1.75.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 392. Market

$7.50@8; others $46717.



Reason & M. sold McGuire 5 av 1.30

at $7.50, 6 av 150 at $7, 5 av 130 at $7,

5 av 140 at $7; to Mich. B. Co. 4 av 135

at $7505 to FitZDlltrck Bros. 1 weighing

150 at $7.50,



chllc sold Burnstine 9 av 155 at $7.50.



\Veeks sold same 16 av 1-10 at $730,



Rice sold McGuire 5 av ifio at $7,25_



Groff sold Mich. R. Co. 18 av 150 at

$7.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton 13, Co. 8

av 140 at $7.50. 3 av 110 at $7,



Spicer, M. & '8. sold Hammond, S, &

Co. 4 av 150 at $7.75, 2 av 12.5 at $7,



Stephens sold Hammond, S. & Co. 8

av 150 at $6.75.



‘ Long sold same 15 av 160 at $7.75,

Smith sold same 2 av 125 at $7.

Taggart sold Sullivan 6 av 120 at $7,

Kalaher sold same 2 av 130 at $7,

Parker, W. & Co. sold Spicer. M. & B.



5 av 120 at $7.50, 2 av 140 at $6.

Hammond. S. & Co. sold same 4 av



150 at,$7.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. CO.





steady. Best,





 





1 weighing 240 at $8, 4 av 160 at $7.50;

to Markowitz 1 weighing 150 at $6.50, 1

weighing 120 at $7.75, 2 av 135 at $7.50;

to Barlage 9 av 115 at $3; to Parker, W.

& Co. 5 av 130 at $7.25; to Mich. B. Co.

1 weighing 160 at $7.50, 13 av 160 at

$7.50, 8 av 130 at $7.25, 1 weighing 260

at $7.25.

Sheep and Lambs.





Receipts, 5,714. Market dull and 15@

25c lower.



Best lambs, $6.50@6.75; fair to good

lambs, $6696.40; light to common lambs,

$5616; fair to good butcher sheep, $3@4;

culls and common, $2623.



VVanty sold Nagle 54 lambs av 85 at

$6.50.



I-Ieeney sold Sullivan P. Co. 24 sheep

av 105 at $3.50, 6 do av 100 at $3.50, 39

lambs av 85 at $6.50.



Kalaher sold same 23 lambs av 60 at

$5.50, 8 Sheep av 100 at $3.25. .



Stephens sold Hammond, S. & Co. 43

lambs av 75 at $6.75, 6 sheep av 105 at

$3.50, 3 do av 107 at $3.50, 2 lambs av

105 at $5. ,



Wanty sold Nagle 54 lambs av 85 at

$6.50, 14 sheep av 110 at $3.50.



Groff sold Mich. B. Co. 37 sheep av 85

at $3.50, 53 lambs av 75 at $6.25.



Kalaher sold Sullivan P. Co. 8 sheep av

100 at $3.25, ‘3 lambs av 55 at $5.50.



Robb sold same 353 lambs av 75 at $6,

74 sheep av 85 at $3.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Nagle 4 sheep av

130 at $3, 36 lambs av 70 at $6.25, 177

do av 85 at $6.75, 10 sheep av 119 at $2.50,

62 do av 110 at $4, 4 do av 80 at $4, 21

lambs av 90 at $6.75, 152 do av 80 at $6.75,

58 do av 85 at $6.75, 29 do av 90 at $5.

77 do av 70 at $6.50, 43 do av 80 at $6.75,

44 do av 85 at $6.75, 6 sheep av 93 at

$3.25, 1 buck weighing 150 at $3, 7 lambs

av 70 at $5, 50 do av 85 at $6.75. 13

sheep av 100 at $3.50; to Barlage 87 sheep

{JV 85 at $3.90, 14 do av 100 at $3.75, 15)

lambs av 65 at $5.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros

47 mixed av 85 at $4.50, 18 sheep av 90

at $3.50, 87 lambs av 75 at $6.40, 15 do

av 60 at $6, 8 sheep av 95 at $3.50, 2

bucks av 160 at $3.50, 46 lambs av 75 at

$6; to Harland 24 do av 90 at $6.75, 1

sheep weighing 130 at $3.50; to Fitzpat-

rick Bros. 24 do av 90 at “50.



Reason & M. sold Mich. B. Co. 20 lambs

av 65 at $6.10; to Sullivan P. Co. 37 do

av 75 at $6.25. 1 sheep weighing 130 at

$3; to Young 60 lambs av 75 at $6.35.



Roe Com. (To. sold Newton B. Co. 24

sheep av 90 at $3.50, .3 do av 135 at $3.50,

30 lambs av 85 at $6.



Spicer, M. & B. sold Parker, 1". & Co.

79 lambs av 75 at $6.40: to Hammond. S.

& Co. 40 do av 85 at $6.75, 30 shocp av

120 at. $3.50: to Parker, 1V. & (‘o. 2 shccp

av 100 at $3.50: to Hammond, S. & (‘o.

29 do av 105 at $3.75.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Naglc 850 lambs

av 90 at $6.50.



Hogs.

Receipts, 4.396. Good hogs 56710,

lower; other grades 1061200 lower.



Range of prices: Light: to good butch—

ers, $6656.25; pigs, $5605.25; light yorkers,

$550606; stags, 1?; off.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

84‘ av 170 at $6.25, 83 av 1.00 at $6.25.



Sundry shippers sold same 131 av 170

at $6, 40 av 165 at $6.15.



Reason & M. sold Parker, VV. & C0.

278 av 180 at $6.25, 51 av 180 at $6.25.



Roe Com. Co. sold same .34 av 248 at

$6.25.



Sundry shippers sold s-ime 53 av 100

at $6.25, 75 av 195 at $6.20, 229 av 164

at $6.15.



Spicer & 1%. sold Hammond, S. & (‘4.

117 av 150 at $5.80. 160 av 165 at $5,110,

83 :iv 170 at $6, 140 11v 175 at $6.15, 120

av 177 at $6.25.



Sundry shippers sold same 62 av 190

at $6, 34 av 210 at $6.25.



Bishop, B. & Tisold same 259 av 180

at $6.30. 46 av 110 at $540. 69 av 170 at

$6.25, 148 11V 210 :it $6.35, 9‘31 l‘.\' 1671 ct

$6.20, 318 av 160 at $6.15, 228 uv 160 at

$6.10.





”J





Friday’s Market.





 





.Tanuui‘y l5lh, 1009.



Cattle.



Receipts, 23. Market active at 'l‘hurs-

day’s prices.



\Vc quote: Extra dry-fed stccl‘s and

heifers, $5.25: steers and heifers, 1,000 to

1,200, $1.5061‘5.10; steers and hcifors, 800

to 1,000, $461465: steers and hcit‘crs that

are fat, 500 to 700, $350664“); cholcH {‘11

cows, $3.756WL85; good fat cows, 83.2560

3.50: common cows, $250633; cannch,

3512567175: choice heavy bulls, $375414:

fair to good boiognas, bulls, $3673.50; light

bulls, $230612}.



Roe Com. Co. sold Newton B. Co, 3

steers av 690 at $4.15, 13 do av 750 at

$1.20, 3 do av 626 at $3.50, 15 butchers

av 834 at $4.25, 11 cows uv 1.045 at $3.27.



Allen sold same 3 butchers av .73 at

$4.25, 6 do av 633 at $3.65.



Clark sold Kamman 2 bulls av 1,245 at

$3.75, 4 cows aV 1.020 at $3.75.



Johnson sold Fry 34 butchers av 862

at $3.90.





Veal Calves.





Receipts, 73.

higher than on Thursday.

others, $4697.50.



Spicer, 2M. & B. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 3 av 170 at $8.

lig‘besnahan sold Sullivan P. (‘o. 3 av 160

at 3“.





Best, $8678.25;





Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts, 37'. Market strong at ’l‘hurs-

(l:i__\"s prices. Best lambs, $6.506i16752





fair to good lambs, $5.756/‘li.25; light to;





common lambs, $l.50615: f-Iir to good

butcher sheep, $3604; culls and common,

$2.506r3.



Bishop, B. & ll. sold Sullivan P. F'o.

26 lambs av 80 at $6.50, 1 shecp weighing

100 at $4.



Lucke sold Parker. W. & Co, 6 sheep

av 145 at $3.50, 3 do av 95 at $3.50. 9

lambs av 70 at $6.50, 8 do av 67 at $6.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond. S. &

C0. 30 lambs av 82 at $6.75, 62 do av

75 at $6.75, 20 sheep av 95 at $3.25.

Hogs.



Receipts, 810. Market 10@15c lower

than on Thursday.



Range of prices: Light to good butch-





lTarket active and 25!:





\





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.‘





ers, $6.15@6.25; pigs, $4.50@4.75; light

y/orkiefrs, $5.50@5.75; roughs, $4605; stags,

.a 0 -



Roe Com. Co. sold Hammond, S.T& Co.

77 av 225 at $6.25.



Spicer, M. & B. sold same 75 av 185

at $6.15.



Bishop, B. & H. sold same 379 av 190

at $6.15.





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Iowa farmers are feeding large, num-

bers of western range. lambs this season,

a, large share being run in corn fields,

but as a rule. they have not been crowded

on the market as yet. l“avorabic weather

has unquestionably been a powerful fac-

tor in keeping them back, but whenever

there has been extra cold or wet weather

considerable numbers have been mark-

eted. The recent advance of around $1

per 100 pounds was calculated to Check

sales, but big snow storms or rainy spells

would cause many shipments to be made

to Chicago and other western markets. A

great drawback to the proper maturing

of lambs by the Iowa feeders is the. well-

known failure of sheepmen to provide

shed room, the flocks being thereby a.

prey to cold and wet weather.



()ne of the most striking features of

the cattle market recently is the re-

markable preference generally shown by

buyers for the fat little handy weights

over the higher—priced strictly prime

beevcs of heavier weights. The offer-

ings of the latter in the markets of the

country have undergone a very great fall-

ing off in volume, yet they have been

extremely slow to advance in price, as

the requirements of buyers were within

narrow limits as a rule. Light cuts of

beef are now extremely popular every-

where almost, and short-fed cattle sell

more readily than the choicer long—fed

lots.





 





YYYVYYVYV—VYYYYYVVYYVVVVV





 





 





CONDUCTED BY DR. 1V. C. FAIR,

CLEVELAND, 01110.





 





Advice thru this department is free to

our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published. In

acute cases. where we believe that im-

mediate, treatment will be necessary, re-

ply will be made by return mail, free.





 





Surfeit sores.———I have a yearling heifer

that is infected with some skin trouble;

she has several sore patches on body.

Are. my other cattle in any danger and

what had I better do for them? H. II. S..

(‘harlcvoix, Mich.—Give 1 oz. liypo—suifitc

soda at a dose in feed three times a day,

also apply coal tar disinfectants full

strength to sores twice a day. After they

have healed and scabs slough off apply

coal tar and vaseline equal parts two or

three times a week.



Chronic Indigestion—ScotirsaLice.——W'c

have a cow seven years old that has not

done, well for the past two years; she is

thin and scours. I am also afraid our

cattle are lousy. will it be, sufl' to spray

with coal tar dip in cold wcalhcr. as our

stables are not \'cry warm? .I. 13., Bed—

fni‘d, I‘vIlt‘ll."'(ll\'l‘ ’1 oz. powdcrcd sulfate,

iron, 1 oz. ground ginger. 1 o:/.. ground

gentian at a (limo in fccd night and morn—

ing. A clzungc of feed will do no harm.

You. had lvcllci‘ sch-ct. :1 mild day and

spray your cattle. or use insect powder.



Infectious Ophthuhniu in Shecp.—-—I

would likc to know \\'l1‘ll' ails my brotid

l-w'cs‘.’ ’l‘hcir cycs bccomc inflamed and

in u {my (lays a whilc lilm grows over

lhc eye bull causingr them to go blind.

Uur local Vet. has prescribcd for them.

but his treatment fails to hcip their eyes.

.. l 11., Clare, Mulrfifliyc cucll cwc

1 2,1. culomcl daily for iivc days; also

give enough vegetables to kocp the bowels

open. Blow some calomcl into cyCS UllCl'

a day.



Distemper.—I would like to have you

prescribe a course of. treatment for a

cusc cl“ (listcnipcr in :1 3-ycur-old colt.

ls :i horsc, apt, to huvc ii moi-c than oncc‘.’

(‘an i do anything to prcvcnl this Illl‘

incnt'.’ B. N., llillsrlzllc, .\lich.~Distcmpcr

or sti‘unglcs is u discusc pcculiar to thc

horsc, but it may bc communicated to

man by inoculation. ll scldom attacks

horses aftcr they are five or six years

old, but usually affccis young; colts, es—

pecially if they aim cxposcd to the infcc—

tion. The symptoms urc dullness. loss of

appctitc, rise of temperature, coat begins





‘ .(17) 85





to rough, some discharge from nostrils

and eyes, abscesses commence to form

under the lower jaw, in irregular

strangles abscesses may form anywhere

in the body, sometimes in the lungs or

intestines. When it does these cases

often prove fatal. In regular strangles

give the. animal good care, poultice the

throat with onions, turnips or linseed oil

that is Well cooked. I like the effects of

antiphlogistine best. Give some powdered

nitrate of potash, chlorate of potash and

hypo-sulflte. soda, 1 dr. of each at a dose

three times a day. Also apply some lini-

ment to swollen glands, equal parts turt-

pentine, aqua ammonia and sweet oil is

all right. However, there are. many lini—

ments equally as good. \Vhen the in~

flamed glands soften the hair plucks out

easily; open and allow pus to escape,

then clean out gland with a little perox-

ide-hydrogen or curbolic. acid and water

twice a day. Good care, sunlight, a dry

Comfortable stable or a pasture in sum-

mer is all that is necessary. Distemper

is an infectious ailment and there is no

preventative, other than to segregate sick

ones.



Garget Kills Cows.——\Ve have lost four

valuable cows by gargct affecting their

udders during the past three months.

Their udders become swollen and in—

flamed, thc milk becomes waxy then clot-

ted in the udder and sometimes it was

almost impossible to get it thru the teat.

Eventually the. affected parts dried up

completely. We, have one cow affected

this way now; she is due to calf in eight

or ten weeks. How bad we best pro—

ceed to treat her bag? Is this trouble

contagious and if so how can we protect

the rest of the herd? A. M., Hudson,

Mich—Congestion and inflammation of

the udder is generally the result of blou's,

lying on sharp stones, sores on the teats,

leaving the milk too long in the bug,

standing in a current of cold air, ex-

posure in cold showers. rich milk-making

food too suddcnly supplied and perhaps

one of the, most common causes is infec~

tion making itS,\\':l,\' thru teat into ud-

der, germs multiplying, setting up a vio-

lent inflammation that either results in

a sub-acute inflammation or destruction

of the diseased quarter. Perhaps the

most common causes of garget is lying

on uneven stall floors. It is always fairly

good practice to cut down the allowance

of rich, nutritious food—give cpsom salts

or raw linsccd oil as a laxative, feed veg~

ctubles instcrid of grain. If the udder is

much inflamed use hot. fomentations or

pouiticc with antiphlogistinc; also apply

spirits camphor or small quantity Of

iodine ointment with plenty of elbow-

greasc. Milk cow three. times a day, use

a. milking tube and if you have proper

instruments irrigate udder with 1 part

bichloridc mercury and 1,000 parts tepid

wutcr. Gargct is not a contagious ail-

ment and is always the result of consti-

tutional or exciting causes.



Abortion—I have had trouble since

last winter with my cows losing their

calves. The first one takcn sick was a.

Shorlhorn that I had purchased a short

time before, following her was a Jersey,

next a Jersey heifer, the next 3. Durham

grade. Nearly all of them had been

pregnant about six months: now this

trouble has been in my held for the past

nine months. \\'hat had I bettcr do? J.

N., Mariette, l\rl’ich.v«(iivc each of your

cows 1.’_. dr. curbolic acid. 2 drs. glycerinc

dissolved in :1, quart of \vutcr and pour

over and mix with f‘ccll once a day. Now

then, thcrc is grcul ncccssity for using

disinfectants f'rccly and ihoroly about

your stable and on the hind duarlcrs of

your cows. l-lcsidcs ihcy should be,

flushed out with antiscpiic astringcnts,

such as permanganate potash, carbolic

acid or coal tar disinl'cctunls. Drop 1

(ll‘. permanganate potash in 3 quarts tepid

water, flush out Vagina daily for three

weeks. l'se a rubbcr hose and funnel.

lt is most convenient to use. a, tank with

rubber tube attachment. You can safcly

patronize any of our regular advertisers

,who put out remedies for this ailment.



l





‘HAHI. GRAIN;





We want to hear from shipper- of Hay and Grain—Our

direct service to large conuumon in this district enable:

us to got top price- for good Ihipmonu, Liberal ad-

vance: to counignon.





 





Daniel McCallrey’s Sons Co., Pillsbury Pa. .

Rot—Washington lal'l Bank. Duquuno Ill'l Bank.

- . - .11, - ' ‘ 1





“" 1...... TOP PRIGES FOR Eli



Pay

We want nothiug but fresh select stock. Must be direct from

first hands. Hucksters' anti collectors shipments not oolicted.





We supply shipping canoe and pay oxpreu Chars".

Prices sent on application.





 

 





 





 





 





The W. H. THOMAS (70.. 421 Woodland Ave" CLEVELAND, 0





 





00





002mm





7 ‘ ’ The Roller Bearing:





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Working parts strong and simple. No co





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value. Makes it possible to keep up 8011’s fertility with home-produced ma(nlir::lll)lllgui§:

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you—is domg it for thousands of farmers. Success Book Free. Write for it to





KEMP & BURPEE MFG. (30., Syracuse, N. Y.
86 an ‘





VV—YYVYYVYVYYYYVVVVYVYVV





 





 





 





 





LAAAKLAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





THE ARMS OF THE LAW.





BY FRANK H. SWEET. '





When the daily mid—season train round-'

ed out from the palmettoes, slowed across

the bridge, and came to a smoothmal—

most suave—stop at the end of the Royal

Poi-neiana, the usual people were in at—

tendance. An orchestra in the cocoanut

grove swelled out alluring strains of wel-

come; from the docks came occasional

creakings of yacht sails; on the Poinciana

steps, the platform, in the grove, along

the paths, were scarlet coats and gauzy

summer-like dresses and golf sticks and

cameras.



Two private cars were in the train,

but except for a casual glance, they of

the scarlet coats and gauzy dresses did

not notice them. Multi—millionaires had

become a drug at Palm Beach, and could

be jostled anywhere. Private cars were

common. Only the day before the Daily

News had gurgled of the billion or more

dollars which the hotel represented, and

boasted that the country had never be-

fore witnessed the conglomeration of such

wealth under one roof.



So -the guests in general shrugged their

shoulders and turned away. Golf was in

the ascendant at Palm Beach, and fishing

a close second; wealth was the common

accessory. The man of millions passed

almost unnoticed; while Harry Varden,

the golf champion, was sought and feted,

and even such lesser lights as Snydam

and Fern and Cory were watched and

admired. When the prominent commer-

cial man and his friend made a big haul

of fish under the bridge there was much

talk and congratulation. But it. was the

fish, not the wealth.



Thus it was that the railroad magnate

of a dozen millions, and the copper king

of three times as many, walked from their

cars with only the buzzing, tip-loving

attendance of hell boys and porters.

Even the curious glances which were

given to a boatman who slouehed across

the platform with a. forty-pound king fish

over his shoulder were not vouchsafed

to them.



But the next morning the copper king,

who had registered as Harry Tierman,

Michigan, made a strong plea for local

recognition. He went fishing. Ilack

somewhere in his boyhood he had done

such things; and the remembrance, to-

gether with the tendency in the air, took

him down to the Poinciana dock. There

a five minutes‘ talk with Conover, the

wharf master, arranged his occupation

for the day. He would go to the goal of

the lake fishermen, the inlet.



Early as he was, however, others were

ahead of him. On the way up he passed

the commercial man cruising back and

forth, trolling for blue fish; and a little

beyond, another with his line evidently

out for grouper; and in the inlet still

another boat, tacking almost between

lake and ocean. ’l‘icrman wondered if

some of them had been there all night.



.His own line had been thrown over-

board soon after leaving the dock, but

not a nibble came as an encouragement

for him to persevere. New boats arrived

from time to time and joined in the tack-

ing to and fro, and every few minutes

he saw some one hauling in a line and

lifting a bluciish or pompano over the

rail. "tut two hours, three hours, dragged

by, and still his line remained untouched;

and then he caught it around a cleat with

an impatient hitch and stretched himself

into a more comfortable position.



“Ccttin’ tired, sir?” the li‘oatman asked.



“ lather," 'l‘icrman confessed, yawning;

“i don't believe l‘m much of a fisherman

after all."



“That’s ‘t:ause you ain't in practice,"

cncouragingly. “Keep at it steady a few

weeks on” it'll come- like second natur'.

There‘s them in sight who has to be told

when it rains, an’ who has to he took

home like children when it's time to go

to bed. They don't know; all they see is

their line twinklin’ down thru the water.

But sp’ose we run over to Pitt’s Island

for an hour. It's a mighty queer place

an’ has things growin’ that can’t be

found nowhere else round here. After

an hour’s strollin’, you‘ll feel more like

fishin’, maybe.” Tierman assented by a

nod, and the boat was run alongside the

Pitt Island deck. Ticrman stepped out,

lighted a cigar, and sauntered away into

one of the shadowy paths.



Half an hour later he found himself

near a small cottage which was almost

concealed from the path and wholly from





 





i

|





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.

’ turned, and I might fish on now all day

without a bite.” ‘ ‘





The young man arose.

“It’s too bad," he said; “but you’ve





the water. He passed around this and





was seated upon the trunk of a fallen





: 1 ‘down to the 'shore beyond. A young man

> 4 tree, fishing. His hat brilm was drawn





far down over his eyes as tho to shield





’ , them from the sun; but no sunlight could





penetrate thru the density of the over-

hanging foliage. At the sound of ap-

proaching footsteps he started and

turned.



“Oh,” he said, “good morning.”



“Good morning,” Tierman responded;

“fishing to kill time, like the rest of us?

Ah,” as the young man rose and coiled

his line, and then sent the bait circling

twenty yards from shore with a quick.

muscular swing of his arm, “you are an

expert.” ‘



“No, hardly that,” seating himself

again upon the tree trunk; “I knew little

of the art two weeks ago; since then I

have fished quite a good deal."





Tierman’s eyes left him and wandered

out across the water. He wanted to be

amused. Presently he sat down upon

the trunk and made some comment about

the fishing; the young‘ man answered

shortly and with a covert side glance of

inquiry. But a few moment’s later, as

tho the scrutiny had been' reassuring, he

opened a basket at his side and took

from it an extra line. This he gave to

Ticrman and showed him how to make a.

good cast.



At the telegraph office of the Poinciana

the little machine which kept the guests

in close touch with the outside world

was clicking along industriously, and the

boy who delivered the messages as they

ran off was taxed not to fall behind.

Occasionally an owner could not be found,

and the small envelopes would be brot

back and placed upon the desk, there to

wait another attempt at delivery later.

Two hours after the copper king left the

hotel one of these was brot back with:

“Tierman not to be found; gone to the

inlet fishing."



The operator did not look up but with

one hand he motioned the. envelope from

the undelivered pile.



“Seemed to be important,” he said;

“must be delivered at once. Go find his

private secretary; his servant, anybody

of his party. If not able to do that, take

the message up the lake yourself.”





iut that was not necessary, for as the

boy left the office he saw Tierman's

secretary entering the rotunda from out-

side. In less than ten minutes the sec-

retary was hastening up the lake at the

maximum speed of the fastest launch

which could be procured.



He found the copper king on the tree

trunk, his face eager, his tones jovial.

(in the ground lay four large fish, and

he had caughtt two of them. But at

sight of his secretary and the yellow en-

velope his face clouded.



“Couldn‘t you wait till I got back?"

he exclaimed testily. “Don‘t you know

that an interruption now means bad luck?

I'll not catch another fish.”



“But, Mr. Tierman," stammered the

;ecrctary, “the—~the message is very im-

portant. Just'as soon as I read it I

started after you.”



“Tush! They are all important—or so

the sender thinks. In this case you would

have pleased me better by not finding

me. These fish are important. \Vhy,

man, they are the only ones I have

caught in forty years. But never mind;

the mischicfs done now. Ilcrc, give me

the telegram.”



He read it with a gathering frown,

then thrust it impatiently into his pocket.



“Wire Saunders to have, extra vigilance

at all of the coast towns and along the

(‘anadian frontier," he grumbled. “Offer

twenty thousand—fifty thousand~rfor the

fellow‘s apprehension. But of course

Saunders understands and has done

everything that could be done. There

was no use bothering me. Yes, that is

all," as the secretary turned, and then

paused inquiringly; “you may go now.

I will not be down for several hours. I

want to catch another fish."





He coiled his line as the young man

had shown him, and threw it with all

his strength. But the cast was poor, and

he drew in and coiled and cast the line

once more. Then he resumed his place

on the log.



The young man was bending over,

watching his line. Apparently he had

not noticed the secretary‘s presence, or

his companion’s impatience. Five min-

utes passed, then he drew in his line

and another large fish. Tierman watched

him gloomily. Another five minutes, and





he, too, began to draw in his line, but it

was to wind it for departure.

“I'm going to quit,” he declared; “luck’a





made a good catch, anyway. These fish

will be worth showing at the hotel.”



Tierman’s face brightened.



“That’s so,” he agreed, “I'll send the

boatman to get them. But if it hadn’t

been for that fellow I might have caught

another." , V



“Very likely. Did he bring bad news?”



“Well, yes, in a money way,” dryly,

“the difference between fifty thousand

and ten times that amount. You see, it

was this way. A man who was buying

mining property for me disappeared with

whfl- we thot about fifty thousand. That

was nearly a month ago. Of course, we

took the usual precautions against his

leaving the country. This telegram

states that recent investigation has lifted

the amount to half a. million.”



“Ah, that was quite a haul.

fellow escaped?”



“So far, but he‘ll be caught all right,”

carelessly; “folks don‘t find it easy to do

such things nowadays and get off. Fifty

thousand is a good bid for vigilance; and,

besides, we have some of the best detec-

tives on the lookout. Every avenue from





And the





the country is guarded.”



“Perhaps he slipped out ahead of the

guards.”



“No, we got a clue of him at New Or-

leans only two weeks ago. He had en,

gaged passage on a sailing vessel for

South America but grew suspicious and

did not make an appearance. Shrewd of

him, too,” chuckling, “for we had a de-

tective on board waiting for him. NO,

no; we'll have him all right; he’s in hid-

ing somewhere, and it's only a matter of

time. But about the fishing," abruptly;

“we must have some more of it together.

I didn‘t know that I was a fisherman, but





it seems I am. Now see here, I had my,





steam yacht down ahead of me. It’s at

Miami now. Suppose I wire the captain

to run up and take us off for a few days.

“'ill you go?”



An odd look flashed into the young

man‘s eyes, and he turned for a moment.



“The Mona?” he asked.



“Yes. You have heard of her?"



“Of course. I read the newspapers.

You are Mr. Ticrman, sometimes called

the copper king of Michigan. And I have

read something about the man you are

looking for. and forlned an opinion as to

his whereabouts. You see,” apologetically,

“we detectives are always on the watch





for such things, and read them up event





when we don’t expect to engage in them

personally.

the professional instinct is easily aroused.

Ah. you are ready to go; I will walk along

with you.”



They went up past the cottage and on

thru the semi-tropical growth to the dock

where Tierman's boat was waiting. The

young man walked with a quick springing

step, the dreamy listlessness gone from

his eyes. As soon as the boatman had

been sent back‘after the fish he placed

his hand upon his companions shoulder.



“Look here, Mr. 'l‘ierman," he said,

with an odd, subtle challenge in his voice

which the other did not appreciate until

afterward; “I want to go into this thing.”



“\Yhat, the fishing?”



“No, the finding of your man. I have

a theory which I think will bring hiln

to light, and I don’t believe that any of

your other arifiliigcmcnts will. Fifty

thousand, I think you said. Is that for

news of him or his apprehension?”



“Either for positive news, his appre-

hension, or a recovery of the booty.”



"I sec.” He took pencil and paper from

his pocket as tho to make notes, then

went on: “From what I read in the pa—

pers you didn't meet this man yourself?”



“No; I was in Europe and cabled

Saunders to engage him. I had heard,

tho, that he was a mining expert.”



“S0,” apparently jotting this fact down.

“Now, about the Mona: she is ready to

start at a moment's notice, and is sea-

worthy, I suppose?”



“Of course. She was only built last

year, and her captain has orders to be

ready to start within fifteen minutes after

receiving a telegram. I haven’t been out

in her myself yet, but the captain says

she is capable of a voyage around the

world. But what has that to do with

the fellow, Rostwicke?"



“Everything. I want the Mona to help

find him. ()h, I understand it is a rather

startling proposition," at the look on the

other’s face; “but it's the only one that

fits into my plans. You put the Mona

under my charge for two weeks, and I’ll

engage to find your man. I’m positive

I can do it. And I won’t ask for a penny





 





I came here for quiet, but.





' JAN. 23, 1909.





Taste ls. Sure '

Stating! Guide





A Barometer Which Never Fails,

Though Seldom Believed.





“Taste is the direct guide to the

stomach; and the taste buds are con-

nected by the nerves with the stom—

lach itself, so that they represent its

health or disorder. If the stomach or

its juices are out of tone, the blood is

fermented by a change in the alkaline

or acid condition, and these reach the

mouth both directly and indirectly.





“The taste buds are in the tongue,

and are mounted by hairlike projec-

tions called papillae; they cover the sur-

face of the tongue.”





“When you taste these buds rise up

and absorb the liquid; inform the

nerves; the nervesfltell the stomach,

and the food is acceptable or not, just.

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‘The above remarks on taste come

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JAN. 23, 1909.





compensation unless I do.- Isn’t that

fair?”



“I suppose so,” discontentedly; “but my

private yacht!

you, or anything.” .



“Nothing but the Mona will do,” posi-

tively; “unless I can have her I will drop

the job. But think of the half million,

man! or we’ll say four hundred and fifty

thousand, with the fifty out. And I will

need the Mona. for only two weeks.”



But still Tierman hesitated.



“It isn’t so much the money,” he ob-

jected, “as it is the fishing. I’ve been

planning a lot of fishing since I caught

those two back there. Then his face

cleared. “Suppose we have a few days

in her before you go,” he proposed; “then

you may have the Mona and welcome.

We can go but again after you get back."



“And have Bostwicke escape us while

we are out?” asked the young man; “no,

no, Mr. Tierman; the fishing must wait.

My theory is this. Bostwicke’s hope is

one of the South American ports, prob-

ably Paramaribo. There he would be

in close touch with the interior where he

doubtless has friends, and where can be

found a stirring ”future for a man of en-

terprise and capital, and where there.

would be little danger of extradition pa~

pers. The Mona is swift, and I could

make the run in a few days, find him,

and wire you. Almost before you realizo

the fact the mystery of Bostwicke‘s

whereabouts would be a thing of the

past.”



“Oh, you can have the yacht, of

course,” yielded Tierman reluctantly;

“but I’m willing to admit,” candidly,

“that just now I would rather catch a

few more big fish than even Bostwieke.

But here comes the boatman. I will give

you a note to the captain of the Mona

and you can go down to Miami on the

evening train.” ‘



“No, a better plan will be for you to

wire him to steam this way at once,"

said the young man hastily. “I have a

little business to attend to, and will then

take a. launch and meet him down op—

posite Lantana or Boynton. Have you

a good description of this man Bostwieke

——tho, of course," with affected indiffer-

ence, “I have a general idea from reading

the papers."



“Then you know as much as I do. But

why not run down to Miami? It wouldn’t

delay you any, I think; and the police

there could give you information and very

likely show you a picture of the fellow."



But the young man laughed.



“I’d rather not, thank you,’ he said;

“too many fingers in the broth, you know.

Perhaps it's professional jealousy; but

I'd rather go thru this thing alone. Well,

wire just as soon as you can. I‘ll be

ready to start in a few hours.” .



The copper king stepped on board and

the boatman raised and swung his sail

into the wind; then as they bore away

from the dock, “()h, say, I forgot to ask

your name. “'hat shall I Wire?”



“Alson—Mr. Alson," the young man

called across the widening space, “and

wire the captain that I'll bear straight

down the coast. You‘ll hear from me in-

side of two weeks.”



He was better than his word. Only

eight days had passed when Tierman I‘t‘<

eeived the expected “message. But tho it

brot the illfol‘nmlioll promised, the copper

king's face clouded and his eyes run our

the lines, and when he finished he mut—

tered disconicniedly: “’1‘

had! \\'c'll not go fishing together after

all."



The message read: “The man is here,

and is willing to give us his booty. In-

deed, he is Very glad of the chance. Two

weeks’ isolation with himself brot some

very pertinent thots. However, he felt

that he must escape, and that he could

not remain in exile without the means of

sulmistenee. So he turned detective and

“Will; in search of himself. Of course, he

brot the reward along. The other four

hundred and fifty thousand will be found

in a tin box, two feet underground, at

the northeast corner of the Seminole but

on Pitt’s Island. The Mona left here

yesterday, and I strike into the interior

this afternoon.



Your well wishes,



ALSON Bos'rWICKE."



Paramaribo, March 30, ’00.



“P. S.—I am sorry about the fishing."





9





Two Years and Not a Broken Needle.



\Vith regard to the sewing machine

we got of you, I have this to say: We

are well pleased with it. While I was





- sitting the other day, reading. Mrs. Os-





born was busy sewing. All at once she



StODDed, and said, “If we could not get



another machine like it, I would not take



$50.00 for it.” We have had the machine



two years and have not broken a needle.



fiiW'hm. H. Osborn, R. No. 38, Camden,

0 . ..





Let me hire a. tug for»





 





;APPI_E.TON





l

00 had! Too





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. (19) 87





 





Edison Phonographs are sold

everywhere at the same prices





$1250 to $60





Edison Amberol Records 50c

Regular Edison Records 35c

Edison Grand Opera Records, 75¢





It is Mr. Edison’s desire that a Phonograph

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\\





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Nothing else that you can buy will provide so

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‘67 E118 ON

NOCRAPH





It differs from all other sound-reproducing instruments because it was invented and

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The Michigan Farmer, Detroit.
88 (20!





T0 MOTHER. ; -~





 





BY BERT LEACH.





Tho friends may drift away from me

As drifts the unanchored bark from

shore,

Tho voices loved I hear no more,

Tho faces loved no more I see,

There’s one, I know, where'er I be,

Who never, never will forget

My mother's heart is beating yet

W'ith love for inc—with love for; me.





And tho the, voice I may forget

That parting begged for constancy;

And tho no echo troubles me,

Nor any fleeting Wild regret—

There’s one I will remember yet

When toil exhausts, and cares oppress,

And years bring woe and weariness;

My mother, I will not forget.





I look and look into the past;

My farthest vision is of thee—

Naught farther can, nor would, I see;

Oh, may the sight forever last.

For me it *annot be surpassed—‘—

My infant head is on thy breast.

And thou dost sing thy child to rest

SO tenderly—so tenderly.





And thru the _\'t’;ll‘S—-tl babe—a boy—

A youth. was I not dear to thee?

And what gave pain or joy to me



To thee gave greater pain or joy.



My questionings did ,not annoy.



My tears were dried. my sports



checked,

My boyish ideals were not wrecked,



For thou didst love the growing boy.





not





And now, whate'er my fortune be—

A million curses may assail—

I may be shipwrecked by the gale



Of life that rushes wild and free



I may lose everyone but thee.



I may lose all and still possess

Thy loversthy love of all the best

And mine thru all eternity.





 





THE EARLY AMERICAN AUTHORS.

BY CARL s. LOWDEN.





Washington Irving.

\Vashington Irving, first successful man

of letters of our country, short story

writer, and historian was born





essayist,





 





 





in New York City, April 3, 1783. After

an cycntful lifc he died in his country





home, Sunnysidc, Nov. 2.9, 18.39.

’thn ninctccn he gained sonic promi-





nence as the author of a st-rics of letters,

signcd Jonathan (>ldstylo and contributed

to the t‘hroniclc, of which his

brother was editor. Shortly aftcrward he

was fol‘ccd to go to Europe to regain his

litiillll. (in his rcturn he wrote for the

and iii lhtlll publishctl the

“History of New York,” which

first clldlll‘illg‘ success. This was followed

by the death of Miss Iloffman, to whom

cngagcd, remainder of

immeasurably

llis dc—





Morning





magazines,

was his





and tho

saddcncd





he was

Irving‘s life was





by this unfortunate occnrrcncc.





prcssion was added to by business re—

vcrscs, and he rcdoublu-d his literary ef-

forts. At intervals of two years each

thcrc appcarcd the “Sketch look,”





“liractbridge Hall," and “Tales of i).

’i‘riivclcr.“ He returned to l‘luropc, writ-

ing much regarding Spain and the )Ioors.

Then he appointed sccrc-

tary of the American lcgation at London.

lie held this position two years, and ac-

cepted an appointmcnt of minister to

Spain. Finding insutlicit-nt time for lit-

erature, he subsequently resigncd.



His last days were spent in beautiful

and tranquil Sunnysidc. At this place

he Wrote “Mahomct and His Successors,"

“Life of Oliver Goldsmith," and “l.ifc of





was suddcnly





George. \Vashington.” The last of these

was his magnum opus (greatest Work),





and a few days after concluding it he

died. (in the stone which marks his

grave and which is near Sunnyside, is

this inscription:





Washington,

Son of William and Sarah S.

Died Nov. 28, 1859,

Aged 76 years, 7 mo. & 25 days.

~ Irving’s writings are sketchy, pictur<

esque, soft, easy, full of charm, and





Irving.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER. '





melodious. The following is taken from

the short story, “The \Vidow and Her

Son.” It portrays very feelingly the an—

guish of a mother for her only child:





“As they lowered the body into the

earth, the creaking of the cords seemed





to agonize her; but when, on some acci-

dental obstruction, there was a jostling

of the coffin, all the tenderness of the

mother burst forth, as if any harm could

come to him who was far beyond the

recall of worldly suffering.



“When I saw the mother slowly and

painfully quitting the grave, leaving be-

hind her the remains of all that was dear

to her on earth, and returning to silence

and dcstitution, my heart ached for her.

\i’liat, thot l, are the distresscs of the

rich? They have friends to soothe, pleas-

ures to beguilc, a world to divert and

dissipate, their griefs. What are the sor-

rows of the young? Their growing minds

soon close above the wound, their elastic

spirits soon rise beneath the pressure,

their green and ductile affections soon

twine around new objects. But the sor—

rows of the poor, who have no outward

appliances to soothe—the sorrows of the





aged, with whom life at best is but a

wintry day, and who can look for no





after»grmvtl1 of joy—the sorrows of a

widow, aged, solitary, destitute, mourning





over an only son, the last solace of her

years, these are indeed sorrows which

make us feel the impoteney of consola-

tion.





* 5:: 3? *



“The next Sunday I was at the, Village

church, when, to ‘llly surprise, I saw the,

poor old woman tottering down the aisle

to her accustomed seat on the steps of

the altar.



“She had made an effort to put on some-

thing like mourning for her son; and

nothing could be more, touching than this

struggle between pious affection and

utter povertyia black ribbon or so, a

faded black handlu‘rchicf, and one or two

more such humble attempts to express

by outward signs that grief which passes

show. \\'hcn I looked round upon the

storied monuments, the stately hatch-

ments, the cold marble pomp with which

grandeur mourned magnificently over de-

parted pride, and turned to this

widow, bowed by age and sorrow at the

altar of her and offering up the

prayers and praises of a pious tho :1

broktn heart, I felt that this living mon-

ument of real grief was worth them all.





poor





iod,





“I rclatcd hcr story to some of the

\vcalthy int-inbcrs of the congregation,

and thcy were moved by it. They ox—





erted thcinselvcs to rtndcr hcr situation





more comft'irtable, and to lighten th‘

afllictions. It was. howchr, but smooth-

ing a few steps to the grave. In the





course of a. Sunday or two after, she was

missed from her usual seat at church,

and before I left the, neighborhood I

heard, with a feeling of satisfaction, that

she had quietly briathcd last, and

had gone to rejoin those she, loved, in

that Work] where sorrow is never known

and friends are never parted.”





hcr





 





JOSHUA PETERSON’S INVENTION.





BY HOWVA RI) BANNON.





At last Joshua. Peterson had completed

his great ill\'cllliilll—~all invention that

was certain (in Joshua‘s- imagination), to

revolutionize the dairy business of the,

Tho how it could revolutionize

the dairy busincss was than some

of Joshua‘s neighbors could comprehend.



Joshua Peterson was one of those farm-





country.

lilol‘c





crs who are ncvcr satisfied in performing

thcir farm duties in tho customary way,

but devote time in

pcrfcct an method

thcm.



Joshua‘s latest upon

he had spent the greater part of his time

during the entire winter, was nothing

lllol't- or less than a inilking machine.

machine was, indeed,

constructed.





endeavors to

of performing





much

easicr





invention, which





Joshua‘s milking

fcarfully and wonderfully

The frame, of a bicycle was mounted upon

A great amount of small

rubber hose and curious contrivances,

that to the uninformed are nameless,

wcrc attached to the frame. A scat for

the opcraior and a place for the milk pail

wcrc provided. There, were also a coUDlG

of lcathcr straps for securing the machine

to the The platform was mounted

upon small that it could be

shoved up to the, upon which the

operator intended to perform.



“My invention will do away with all

the troubles of keepin' gleefully

chuckled Joshua to a neighbor who had

inquired as to what the strange looking

machine was intended for.



“You jest shove the machine up beside

the cow, fasten the straps to her, attach

the hose to her teats, take your place on





a pla t form.





cow.

wheels so

(‘UVV





cows,”





the seat, work the pedals and fill your

milk pail. You have no milk stool to

carry around with you, and will never be

bothered by havin’ the cow step away a

few feet, when you have jest settled by,

the side 0’ her, fer she can’t git away,

’cause the machine is fastened to her, an’

when she moves, why, it'll jest foller right

along side 0' her. I reckon it‘s a pretty

big invention, but I’ve studied out all the

small pints, and feel sure that it‘ll work

fine. I'll bet that in five years from now

every barnyard will have one of Joshua

Peterson’s great milking machines. I ex-

pect it to make me rich and great.”

Joshua had boasted so much in regard

to his latest invention that a great many

of the people of the neighborhood had

become interested and, to Joshua's great

delight, had promised to be present at

the auspicious time when the great in-

vention was_completcd and given its in-





itial trial.

The great day had arrived. Joshua’s

wonderf ' -milking machine was completed





in readiness to give it its

first test. Almost every man, woman,

boy, girl and dog from the surrounding

farms had assembled in the Peterson

barnyard. Joshua fully expected the day

to be one of great triumph for himself,

and that he might entertain in a style

befitting the inventor of a great machine

that was expected to lighten the labor of

every farm in the land, he had persuaded

Mrs. Peterson and their daughter, Mandy,

to prepare a bountcous feast for the as-





and all was





somblagc. In his fancy, Joshua saw him-

self presiding like some great hero at





the head of the t:‘1blc,-loadcd with the

excellent results of his wife‘s well known

culinary skill.



On the morning of the proposed trial,

Joshua had purposely let one of the cows

go unmilkcd. This cow was one. that had

been upon the Peterson farm for quite

a number of years and was the very pic-

ture of gentleness.



As Joshua shoved the

from the shed and placed it

side of the unsuspecting cow, there was

an air of suppressed excitement among

the crowd of lookers—on. Joshua con-

ducted himself in a way that he deemed

bropcr for a man who was about to be-

come one of our greatest men.



The cow made no movement of protes

as Joshua fastened the straps of the

machine about hcr body. “'hen all had

llit‘ll arranged to his satisfaction, Joshua

with the air of one who has solved a

problem of the ages. took his place upon

the scat of the machine. He began work-

ing the pedals, and to his great satisfac-

tion and the wonder of the crowd, the

milk commenced flowing into the pail.

The hour of Joshua Peterson‘s triumph

had, sccmingly, arrived. .



So far, so good. But Joshua was not

content with milking while the cow was

ii a standstill, but must have her move,

might observe the working of

ic machine while moving. Alas! this

was the undoing of Joshua’s triumph.





machine forth

along the





that he

ti



“Move along, Star!" quoth the inventor

as he gave the bovine a gentle slap with

his open hand.



She obeyed the command and moved

forward a few steps, but an especially

tempting bunch Of grass tempted her to

stop.



"Go on, you old slow poke,” exclaimed

Joshua, as he gave, the cow another slap

more forcible than the first.



This last blow was the one that did

the mischief. I'scd to gcnllr- treatment,

Star rcscntcd the blow and slal'tt'tl across

the barnlot at a pace, that was, evidently,

intended to 'makc up for any timc lost.

while she, had stopped for the purpose of“





sccuring tho grass. Star had ncvcr been





 





 





madc the Victim of an invcntor's trials,





and the arrangcmcnt she was forced to‘

draw along the side of her was new.

A gateway leading into the, pasture





that Star made

machine collided





field was open and thru





her way. The milking





with the, gate—post, making a, loud crash, ‘ ~





and the contents of the milk pail were

dashed into the bosom of Joshua who, by

the way, had donned his Sunday clothes

in honor of the occasion. The collision

did not, upset the machine. nor detach it

from the. cow, and Joshua was still cling-

ing to his seat upon the machine.





Joshua’s Voice rent the air with shrill

cries of ”S0“, Sumo—0, you infernal

fool!” But Star was intent on freeing‘

herself from the machine and failed to'

heed the impassioned commands of her





master. “"hcn the cow had reached the

freedom of the pasture field, her speed

was surprising, and the machine, rocked





and bounded in a way that was not con-

ducive to any feelings of safety on the

part of Joshua, who made a vain effort.

to secure a footing on the platform that!

he might make a jump, trusting to his.





JAN. 23, 1909.





A ids

Nature





The great success of Dr. Pierce's Golden'

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build up the body and thereby throw off

lingeringobstinate coughs. The ”Discov-

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the nerves—in short establishes sound.

vigorous health.





 





If your dealer offers something

“inst as good,” it is probably

better FOR HIM-J! pays better.

But you are thinking of the cure

not the profit,so there’s nothing

“just as good” for you. Say so.

~ Dr. Pierce's Common Sense Medical

Adviser, in Plain English; or, Medicine

Simplified, 1008 pages, over 700 illustra-

tions, newly revised up-to-date Edition,

paper-bound, sent for 21 one-cent stamps,





to cover cost of mailing ONLY. Cloth-

bound, 31 stamps. Address Dr. R. V.

Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y.





 





 





 





HIDES TANNED





For Robes and Coats.





Send us your Cattle and Horse

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and we will make you a Fine

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can therefore handle your

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We guarantee our work. Semi

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HUGH WALLACE CO.

Custom Dent. DETROIT MICE.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

   





LET US TAN

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and make them up when so ordered.

lint; first; get} our illustrated catalog,

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Crosby pays the freight both ways. We

sell fur coats and gloves, do taxidermy

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l'he Crosby Frisian Fur Company,

Rochester, N. Y.





 

 





Ii

View a,

firwfi

., ”(I . ’..

.V . . . ,





’ I





 

 





 





 





lBrooks’ A liauce. New

discovery, ondertul. No

obnoxious springs or pads.

Automatic Air Cushions.

Binds and draws the broken

parts together as you would

a broken limb. No salves.

No lymphol. No lies. Dur-

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S E N T O N T R I





 





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Three 11.1in~ Papers





 





For those who would like to have





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ranged





with the New York Thrice—a-

\\’cel< \Vorld so that we can offer it with

the Michigan- Farmer 21 year for only





$1.40; that is, both papers a year each

for that price. Send orders to us or

thru our agents.

THE MICHIGAN FARMER,

Detroit, Mich.





ALEXANDER 6: DOWELL. At-

PATENTS iorneya at Law, 918 F. St..Wnsh-



inuton. (Est. 1857.) Procure Put-

entu and Trade Marks: Render Expert Opinion:

on Patentnhility oi InventionnWalldity and Infringe-

ment oi! Patents: Practice In all Federal Courtl.

Will send book 0 of Information on request.
my





~ meow; <





JAN. 28, 1909.





share of good luck, to make a safe land-

ing. Owing to the terribfe bouncing

about of the machine Joshua found it im-

possible to leap and was forced to retain

his seat upon the strange vehicle.



“Stop her! So—o— you old fool! Head

her off! Can‘t you ketch her? SO—O—i

Don’t let her go thru the fence!" were

some of the. commands and entreaties

that came from the now thoroly frightened

inventor.



The assembled crowd was making

heroic efforts to stop the mad race of the

seared bovine, but their, efforts were in

vain. The other cows of the herd became

frightened by the strange sight and were

racing about like mad, making it unsafe

to remain in the field and the would—be

rescuers were compelled to flee to the

safety of the fence posts and other points

of vantage where they viewed the strange

sight with a mingled feeling of horror

and amusement.



Presently the cow’s tiger-like bounds

brot her to a fence. She placed her legs

at an angle of about forty-five degrees





. and stopped so abruptly that Joshua was





startled. The cow hesitated for a mo-

ment as if she was considering whether

or not to leap the fence. After contemp-

lating a few seconds, she turned and

continued her journey as if looking for

a more promising place to go over.



The fence was of barbed wire and the





cow was traveling in such close proxi-o





mity to it that the milking machine was

bumping into the barbs at almost every

bound. Quite a number of the barbs

came into contact with Joshua. His yells

started the echoes. The cow now spied

a place in the fence where the top wire

hung loose and made a dash for that

point. The crisis surely was at hand.





lTI—‘I‘E MICHIGAN FARMER.





HELPING THE TEACHER.

.._._. ,

BY MARGARET WHITNEY.‘



The mothers can do so many things to

help the teachers when school begins

again. There are many little things that

possibly many persons never think of and

would willingly do if their attention were

called to them.



Books are, of course, all-important. If

children go to school without books they

have very small chance to learn anything

to say nothing of keeping up with their

classes. Some scholars go to school and

practically have no books, or some so

badly torn as to be useless, and no paper

or pencils. Consequently they borrow

wherever they can, either from the pupils

or teacher. It does not create any sur-

prise among the pupils for they are used

to it and the teacher will either get used

to it or worry along the whole term.

The children are not to blame. They may

have asked for books many times and

when they were not provided got tired

asking for them and expect to borrow.



Children’s manners are wofully lack-

ing in some things, not so much from

want of teaching at home as from care-

lessness. Teachers correct these children

only with a desire to do them good and

save them from ridicule later on. Some-

times it is necessary to send children

out to wash their hands and faces. Now

the same children very likely have to be

told the same things at home and it

should not offend the mothers if they

need to be reminded of them at school.

After a while they will learn to do this

for themselves or be careful and keep

their hands and faces clean. Unclean

hands ma'ke unclean books. The pages

stick together and tear out when, with

care, the same book would last for all the





 





 





Drain the liquor from the oysters, boil

and skim it. To every cupful add an

equal quantity of milk, 3 eggs, 6 table-

spoonfuls of flour and a pinch of salt.

Make a small cake with a tablespoonful

of batter on a hot griddle, lay a large

seasoned oyster in the middle and let

the fritter cook thru. These are equally

good for breakfast or lunch.



An oyster pie is even more pleasing

than a chicken pie and the following

recipe is one of a quite noted chef. Stir

together 3 pints of solid oysters, 1 quart

of sweet cream, 1 dozen finely rolled

butter chackers, salt and pepper to taste,

and a teaspoonful of onion juice. Add a

few chopped mushrooms if wished. Line

a deep pic dish with thick puff paste, pour

in the oyster mixture, put on a top cover

of the paste, and bake in a good oven

for three—quarters of an hour.



There are few dishes more epicurean

than good croquettes made with oysters

and chicken. Allow .equal quantities of

cooked chicken and raw oysters. Drain

the liquor off the oysters, parboil them

in water for a moment, then plump them

in cold water. Chop both chicken and

oysters very fine, add 1 cupful of sifted



(Continued on next page).





 





   

 

 





. ..\

‘\‘.§\ \3 _





lilt‘wmtn‘lflflls ”0w"





upon the unsuccessful man.



Did you ever stop to 'lthink

what the foundation of success

really is?



Its shrewd business methods

based on common sense.



It: not the man that gets a.

thing that amounts to so much,

its the man that keeps what

he gets.



You probably have papers that

would cost you considerable

money to replace, if they should

happen to be lost. k



—" Can you afford to ta 6 a

wesmm camels/Vida?“ by a NOted chance of losing them when for

isdntfif§°?n£§“§“goSatileiilL‘Khe’&°¥f§§ $2 a l’ear “’9 W1“ keep “19‘” for

you in the safest place in the



country?





thru Western Canada during the post

Send for free booklet that ex-





 





summer, grows enthusiastic in his de~

scription of “The Last Best \Vest," which





comprises the Provinces of Manitoba,



Saskatchewan and Alberta. The follow- plains fully 0111' system of Safe

ing is an extract from what he has . .



written: DePOSlt by Mall.





 





 





“That black strip across the landscape





PEIIOIISGOI SAFE DEPOSIT VAULIS.





 





—it was not the shadow of a passing , _

cloud, but the record of a plough! These LSImon J. Murphy CO- Deiront, MICh-

yellow gray bands were the fields of stub— J





 





But when a crisis does arrive, there is





always someone ready to step in and cover . . .

himself with glory. That person, in this Help the children to find I‘QCllatlonS to





instance, was Jack Harding, 3. young speak at SChOOI- They are HOt Old enough

man of that locality who had once spent to make a good SQIC‘CUOD and if not en—

a few months upon a western ranch, and COUl‘LIi-tcd a little will soon form the habit

while there, had learned to use a lasso. of not speaking at all. The teacher ought



At the moment when the cow was about not to be (331)90th t0 Dl‘OVide l‘ecitatious

to leap the fence, Jack appeared with a for everyone. There are always SO'me

lasso he had hurriedly improvised from a 91“]de Who have nothing t0 get recita-

rope found in the barn, and swinging it tions from and Who-must be helped and

awkwardly about his head, made a cast. taught to OCCPIW the” spare time. Nearly

The rope whirred thru the air and caught everyone ChJOys hearing children speak

not the cow, but Joshua himself, and but ‘f the teacher must find all the reci-

ierked that surprised person from his muons and do a“ the drilling, there is

seat upon the machine and landed him' ,nOt apt'to be so much speaking (10118 for

upon the ground with a thud. 1? I‘Cflull‘es too much effort and taken



The crowd climbed from their seats time that should be occupied in regular

upon the fence and gathered around SChOOl work.





Joshu'r-Lis pr0strate form. V’Vhen he had he not be too crcdulous as to all that

been placed upon his feet and the dust Children come home and tell about school.





brushed from his tattered garments, it “11110 few children tell stories willfully





children in the family.





 





 





ble already reaped. These other bands A

of green, of pale yellow, of deep bright

yellow—they were the fields of wheat, g





among which the binders were yet to'do

their work! The centuries-old soil was

finding its first upturned exposure to the

sun. Surely the plough had come! There

is no more thrilling experience than this,

of seeing the ancient wilderness just

passing into the first loose fingers of

civilized man's occupation.



“Here was the wheat, crowding up to

the trail, high as the wagon seat as we

drove thru. At the edge of a grumb-

ling cow man’s unowncd but long occu-

pied range. we reached down and plucked

off ripe wheat in hundsful, cru'mpling out

into the palm the full ears of triple—rowed

kernels, magnificent grain, the food which

the world must have that grain upon

which the whole civilization of the earth

seems so strangely to depend: for, when

the wheat has come, civilization has taken

hold of the land never again to loose its

grasp. One who loves the open air and

the wild world cannot SliTlDT‘vst :1 sigh of

regret at first thot of the passing plums,





 





 

 

 

 

 





 





Sdoii Godl

Complete Writing' Outfit

75 Cents





This Outfit consists of an extra fine Fountain

Pen. and Ever-Ready Metal Pencil. an extra

box of leads for Pencil, an ink filler for

Fountain Pen and a Nickel Safety Clip to

hold Pen secure in pocket.



The Fountain Pen is made of extra hard

vulcanized rubber. beautifully chased and

fitted with a. pure 14 Kt. SOLID GOLD PEN.





 





Can be carried in pocket without leaking and

Is always ready for use. ,



The Ever-Heady Pocket Pencil ls made of

metal enameled in a beautiful Terra-Gotta

color, A simple little turn u‘nd pencil is al-

ways ready for use, can not get out of order

and never needs any sharpening.





was found that beyond some bruises and

scratches where he had come into con-

tact with the barbs, Joshua was unin-

jured.



The cow succeeded in leaping the fence

and pulling the milking machine over

with her. She continued her mad flight

down the road for some distance, when

from sheer exhaustion she stopped, and

some kindly disposed person freed her

from her burden.



Joshua vowed that his machine was a

complete success, and tnat if he had tried

it upon a cow instead of a hyena, there

would have been no mishaps. But Joshua.

never continued the tests.





MY HOPE.





they are not able to tell things just ex-

actly as they happen. Four or live chil-

dren may see a. quarrel or fight and no

two of them tell the same story. There

are as many pairs of eyes and cars as

there are spectators and one will see and

hear things that the others do not. As

a rule, telling should not be allowed but





there are cases where children are im-

posed upon and the parents should

know it.



A great many mothers say to the





teachers, “I do not see how you can get

along with so many children. Mine

nearly worry me to death sometimes.”

Now just remember that the teacher has

from fifteen to thirty in school every day.

They all have different dispositions and





at the tliOt 0f the dead i‘milulH-o Of the

rancher; but, none the loss. there must

come the sobercr thot that the wilderness

of this world, as Well as the scant fields

of the older world. bclong to the world

and the world‘s peoples.



“Extended personal .

course of a long journey failed to discover

one farmer who was homesick or dis-

contented. or who declurcd that he was

going back to Old England or lorlbe

states. Without cxccplion they declared

that they were not only cmilwntcrl. but

prosperous. In most ('uscs‘ tln-ir one or

two crops had given tln-m their lands and

their first farmstead buildings ot_rude

comfort, at least, fully paid for: and this

land was their own. No lmscnn-nt life

for these settlers, nor for their children,

nor their children’s childn-n; no rack

rents, no struggle with a worn, cxhanstcd





This Outtlt is guaranteed exactly as repre-

sented or your money refunded.

E:i:::.°s:2:.ilt"::. ‘2 75 Cents



Send cash, money order or stamps.



CROWN SPECIALTY C0..

Dept”. l22 Miller Bldg" Milwaukee.Wis.





inquiry in thc





 





 





 





 





PIONEERS AND LEADERS

"'THE OLD 1 RELIABLE"





 





 





 





she is doubtless trying to do the best

for each one individually and for the

whole collectively. Her days will be long

and tiresome enough with all the helps

she may receive, and often she will close

the schoolhouse door at night more tired

than the housekeeper who accuses her of

having nothing to do but sit in the school

room all day long.





 





BY FRANK J. PHILLIPS.





Only the call of love thru life,

And thot of you in darkest day;



Only your care in all this strife

“Yould all the sorrow drive away.





Often your smile and sparkling eyes

Have led my course thru grim-eyed

fight;

And others never knew what skies

Had made my heart so gay and light.





 





ON PREPARING OYSTERS.





 





BY MARY FOSTER SNIDER.



One of the best of all dishes for a.

holiday breakfast is creamed oysters and

it is so easily and quickly prepared that

its convenience counts almost as high as

its delectable flavor. To prepare them

in this way drain all the liquor from a

pint of oysters and let them get hot in

a double boiler. Thicken one pint of

cream with 2 level teaspoonfuls of flour,

and season it to taste with salt, white

DGDDOI‘. a pinch of each of mace and cin-

namon, and a tcaspoonful of butter. Let

cook 3 minutes, then add the liquor

drained from the oysters (strained, scald-

ed, and skimmed well). and the hot oys-

ters, letting them cook just until they

begin to look plump. Too long cooking

will make them tough and indigestible.

Have ready two inch squares of buttered

toast on a heated platter. pour over the

creamed oysters and serve at once.



Oyster fritters are novel and delicious.





Now, thru the course where stars hold

sway

A clearer light shows life’s great task

And straighter grows the tangled way

That leads to where the soul’s unmask.





So when the day’s full work is done

And what one does on earth is due;



The brightest gems in all the crown

Shall softly glow and reflect you.





THE UNANSWERED QUESTION.





BY CORA A. MATSON DOLSON.





“How can the dead rise up again?”

0. Little Questioner! In vain,



Above the dust that, sleeps below,

You ask of ‘me—I do not know!



How our loved buried oncs shall rise

ls known to souls beyond the skies;

And when our work of life is past,

And we, too, sleep in earth at last,

The question’s answer we may learn

That all mankind have asked in turn.





soil; no cop-touching to a so-czillod su-

perior class. Here was a dil'I’l'xrcnl‘ field

for humanity. Is there any dilliculty ill

prcdlcting the difference beiwocn the





product of such fields and those of the





‘pcnt and huddled Ensi?’





“It was a fasr-inuting sight, this middle?





land between the old and the now. Most

fascinating of all was the air of hope and

confidence. Something set the blood ting-

ling in the veins. No one here spoke of

despair or discouragemct. These men

made no rcpining at their lot :IS'i‘l‘Olllltll‘

farmers. ’l‘hcir solo and cngroszung con-





   





STANDARD SINCE 1840





Used by Three Generations

For Sale by All Hardware Dealer:

R. E. DIETZ COMPANY. NEW YORK





/ DeLOACH

3% to 200 ILP.





 





 





 





 





 





 





cern was the question of means of Q'l‘tlill-Qa', STEAM. GASOLINE AND WATER POWER





out their wheat to the marketswfor even

in \Vcstern Canada farming has run 111;

advance of transportation.





PLANERS. SHINGLE MILLSGICORN MILLS

WE PAY THE FR .

SEND FOR CA TALOEJKg‘F-IT





l

“in such regions as this, one still trav- DeLOach Mill Mig. C0., Box 357, Bridgeport, Ala.





cls as one likes across country, paying

no attention to roads: altho now undl'

again one comes upon roads rudely]

l

I





ploughcd along the scclion lines, in some

case. near the railroads. fairly well

worked” The time of the ‘main—lrayclcd

road’ is passing rapidly, even in Canada.

Soon the fences will come along the high-

ways. and all travel will follow the lines

bounding artificial rectangles. Exulting

in our liberty. for the most part our

nartv continued to travel direct towm‘d a

destination. We still hcld to the prairies;

and still on every side of us was wheat,





wheat, Wheat I"





 





Book Notice.



Standard Algebra. By William .T.

Milne, Ph. D., LL. 17.. President of New

York State Normal College. Albany, N.

Y. This new algebra follows the induc-

tive method of presentation, using dec—

larative statements and observations in-

stead of questions. Half leather, lame,

464 pages. Price,»$1.00. American Book

Company.





 





l





 





Burner in your cock stove: stops

. ‘use ofX-oal or wood. Free circu-



, ars. gents wanted.

AIR-GAS 00.. Dept. 113. Columbus. Ohio.





Watson E. Coleman. Patent

Attorney, .Washlngton, D. C. Ad.

vice free. Terms low. Highest refu-





 





 





MANAGER—A graduate of Cornell College of Agri-



culture, experienced and with execu-

tlve ablllty.deslres employment as manager of a. large

farm. John Shepard, 47 Norwood Ave.. Buffalo. N.Y.





WANTED—A draught team of farm mares from

5 to 8 yrs. old. Sound and gentle to

COLE BROS, B. F. D.5, Ypsilanti, Mich.





—Men to make from $10 to $50 per day.



Auctioneers make that amount.



The next term of Jones National



School of Auctioneerlng opens February 15th. 09.

Free catalogue. Address CAREY l“. JONES.

Pres.. 1217 Washington Blvd.. Chicago. Ill.





 





work.





 





 





Iways mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing to advertisers.
. nab—kg.“ -





9O €22)

OUR PATTERNS. '





Price, 10 cents each. Waist and skirt

patterns are usually separate, therefore

be sure to send 20 cents for a two-piece

suit pattern which has two numbers, e.

e., a waist number and a skirt number;

if such a pattern has but one number,

send only 10 cents. Order by number and

title of pattern. If for children, give age;

for adults, give bust measure for waists,

and waist measure for skirts. Be sure to

give size when you order. Address orders

to Pattern Department, The Michigan

Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





' l _‘ ‘ I

No. 8329. A Neat and Desirable Shirt-

waist for Women. l’attcrns cut for 32,

34, 36, 38 and 40 inches bust measure.

No. 8304. Girl's Dress. Sixes for 4, 6, 8,





basket should be used.





sirHE MICHIGAN . FARMER.





breadcrumbs, a tablespoonful of melted

butter, salt and pepper to season nicely,

and a pinch of salt. Mix all well together,

then stir in oneOwell beaten egg and just

enough sweet cream to make moist

enough to form into croquettes. Make

into long, slender rolls, roll in beaten

egg, then in fine cracker crumbs and

fry in deep fat to a pale brown. A frying

Serve on a nap-

kin and garnish with celery tops and thin

slices of lemon.



Pickled oysters are a favorite luncheon

or supper dish. A simple way to pickle

them is as follows: Strain theliquor from

the oysters, boil and skim it. Rinse the

oysters, and be careful to pick out any

little pieces of shell. Put the oysters in

the hot liquor and let them boil 1 minute.

Then take them out. Season the liquor

with a few peppercorns, a blade or two

of mace and a little salt. Add the same

quantity of vinegar as you have oyster

juice. Let the whole simmer for 15 min-

utes, thcii turn it over the oysters. Cover

them and let them stand 2 or 3 days be-

fore using. Cloves and allspice may be

used to spice them if preferred.



There are several ways of making oys-

ter patties but the old~fashioned recipe

of our gzandmothers is still unexcellgd.

Put the oysters in a saucepan with just

enough of their own liquor to cover them

well. Let them come to a boil, season

delicately with salt and pepper, and add

1 tablespoont‘ul of butter for each pint

of oysters. Stir in 2 or 3 tablespoonfuls

of cream and remove from the tire. Line

small, plain patty pans with puff paste,

put 3 or 4 oysters in each with a little

of the liquor, sprinkle over a few fine

breadcrumbs, and cover neatly with rich

puff paste. Bake in a hot even about

20 minutes. When done wash over the

top with beaten egg, and set the patties

back in the oven for two or three minutes

to glaze. llet'ore serving the patties

reheat them in a moderate oven.



For a most delicious croustade of oys-

ters take a loaf of bread tWO or three

days old and carefully cut out all the

crumb portion, leaving only the outside

shell or crust, which must not be broken

or cut thru. Spread soft butter all over

this, inside and out, and brown it very

delicately in a rather hot oven. Grate

the crumbs fine and dry them in a slow

oven, then fry them in 1 or 2 tablespoon-

fuls of butter until crimp and yellow but

not browned. For a loaf of bread baked

in a two-quart pan bring 1 quart of milk

to a scald, and thicken it with 3 table-

spoonfuls of ilour or cornstarch rubbed

smoothly with a little cold milk. Stir

and cook until the sauce is perfectly

smooth and like thick cream. Season it

well with salt, white pepper, and a pinch

of mace. Put a layer of the sauce into

the bread shell, then one of nicely sea-

soned oysters, then another layer of the

sauce and one of the fried crumbs. Con-

tinue in this way until the loaf is nearly

full, having the last layer a thick one of

crumbs. About 3 cupi'uls of the crumbs





ters for a loaf of the size mentioned.

\thn filled bake the croustade slowly for

half an hour. Serve hot.





A HOME-MADE SUBSTITUTE FOR

COFFEE.





 





BY 1-). E. I12,,



Many people, who are fond of coffee

find that it injures their health and must

be. given up.



There are a number of preparations on

the market offered as substitutes and

which are harmless. One ghat can be

prepared at home is as good as any of

these and can be, made out of cereals

grown on the farm at a cost of a very

few cents per pound.



To two quarts of clean wheat bran put

one quart of coarsely ground corn meal,





 





10 and 12 years.



No. 8333. Ladies’ Semi-Fitting Coat with;V

Vest and Straight or Cutaway Fronti

Patterns cut for 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40

inches bust measure.



No. 8335. Misses’ Cape with Hood. Pat-

terns in five sizes for S, 10, 12, 14 and

16 years. '



No. 8263. Ladies’ Waist. Patterns cut

in sizes from 32 to 42 inches bust meas-

urc.



No. 8358. Ladies’ Dressing Sacque. Sizes

for 32 to 42 inches bust measure.



No. 8355. Ladies’ Three-Piece Skirt.

Patterns cut for 22, 24, 26, 2S and 30

inches waist measure.



No. 8357. A Smart Little Girl’s Frock.

Sizes for 4, 6. 8, 10 and 12 years.



No. 8293. Ladies’ Fancy Blouse.

32 to 42 inches bust measure.





i

l

i





l





Sizes





without the cob. 'l‘he granulated meal

sold at the grocery storrs is exeellent

for this use, possibly better than that

made at the ordinary country mill.



Stir with these two eggs and half a.

cupful of molasses, blending with the

hands until thoroly mixed. ’l‘hen place

the. mixture in a flat baking pan and

place in a, moderately heated oven. Stir

every few minutes until the whole mass

is evenly browned and quite dark in color

yet without a suspicion of being burned.

rI‘o do this properly requires watchful-

ness, as much of the success depends

on the browning.



Remove from the oven and when 0001





. store in glass or tin cans for use. Steep





the same as coffee.

To make the beverage more like the

real article a portion of coffee may be





Should be USt-d in all and 3 pints of oys-





mixed with the preparation. Half-and-

half will make a good drink. If a small

proportion of chickory, which can be had

at all groceries, be put with it it adds

a richer color than the cereal alone. The

chickory is not harmful. It is used in

blending by the manufacturers as an

adulterant of pure coffee.



To detect the presence of an adulterant

in coffee sprinkle a teaspoonful of the

ground article upon the top of a glass of

water. If the water becomes at once

tinged with yellow and the grounds settle

readily to the bottom, making yellowish

streaks as they fall, the presence of an

adulterant may be strongly suspected.



Coffee should never be bot in ground

form. To do so one runs the risk of get-

ting a mixture of coffee and foreign mat-

ter, such as peas, chickory and so forth.

And while these may not be detrimental

to health no one likes to pay for a thing

and then not get it.



Cheap coffee is almost certain to con-

tain an adulterant and while the pure-

food laws demand that the quality of the

product be guaranteed there are ways of

misleading the unsuspecting purchaser

under the caption of blends or mixtures.



If one is going to drink anything but

pure coffee the blending may better be

done at home so that one may know exs

actly what other ingredient is combined

with it.



For this reason the formula above is

recommended. The caffein in coffee dis-

agrees with some persons and much

against their wishes they are compelled

to give it up. Such persons may use the

home-made preparation without any in-

jurious effects. “'hen combined with





JAN. 23, 1909.





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The experiments of Prof.

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than starches or sweets.





Scott’s Emulsion





is pure cod liver oil combined

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pure cream or hot milk, sweetened to:





taste, it furnishes a very acceptable sub—

stitute irdeed, one which is equally harm-

less to young or old. Use a heaping tea-

spoonful to each cup.

with cold water then add boiling water

and simmer for five to ten minutes. To

prevent boiling over put a tiny bit of

butter in the pot. Fill up with boiling

water and set where it will keep hot for

ten minutes longer .before serving.



A practical and economical way of set-

tling coffee with egg is to beat an egg

with a little cold water and pour it over

half a pound of ground coffee, stirring

it until every particle is coated. Put back

in the can and when steeped no further

settling will be required.





RECIPES FOR CURING MEAT.





 





In answer to an inquiry published in a

recent issue of The Farmer the following

recipes have been submitted:



Use 1 lb. of saltpeter, 1 lb. of pepper,

3 lbs. brown sugar, 10 qts. salt to 1,000

lbs. of pork. Dissolve the saltpeter in a

a little hot water. Mix all the ingredients

well, then rub it on and in the meat.

Place in a cool room for about two weeks

not allowing it to freeze. It will then

be ready to smoke.—M. M.



For each 100 lbs. of pork use. 8 lbs. of

salt, 2 lbs. sugar, 2 oz. saltpeter, 8 gals,

of water. Place these ingredients in the

water, boil all together and skim. Allow

the same'to get cool and place over the.

meat. Allow the meat to stand six weeks

in this solution. Then take out and

sinoke.—Geo. H. Goib, Jr.



Allow 1% lbs. light brown sugar, 7 lbs.

common barrel salt and 2 oz. saltpeter.

Put all in a granite kettle or dishpan,

boil hard and skim. .’l‘his is sufficient

for 100 lbs. of beef or pork. Pack the

meat tightly in a barrel and make, enough

brine to cover all. Pour the brine on

cool.~Mrs. M. Libert.



For each 100 lbs. meat, take 10 lbs. salt,

1 qt. brown sugar molasses, 2 oz. salt-

peter dissolved in hot water and cooled

and 1 teaspoonful cayenne pepper. Dis-

solve the salt in cold water using enough

to cover the meat. Put on weight suf-

ficient to keep the, meat under the, brine.

Leave, in brine. for about 5 weeks when

the meat can be smoked until dun—Mrs.

L. M. Kent.



\\'hen the meat is cooled rub each piece

all over with salt and allow it to drain

over night. 'l‘hen pack it in a barrel

putting the hams and shoulders in the

bottom with strips of bacon to fill any

spaces, or put latter on top. For each

100 lbs. of meat weight out 8 lbs. salt, 2

lbs. brown sugar and 2 oz. saltpeter.

Dissolve all in four gallons of water.

Should this brine be insufficient to cover

the meat, add more brine mixed in the

same proportion until meat is covered.

For summer use, boil the brine before us-

ing. This is not necessary when using

in the winter. Bacon strips should re-

main in this brine from If to 6 weeks and

hams 6 to 8 weeks, according to the size

of pieces. After that remove the meat

and soak over night in water when the

pieces may be hung up to smoke—C. L.

Houseman.



For 100 lbs. of meat use 5 gals. of

water, 8 lbs. of barrel salt, 3 lbs. brown

sugar, 2 oz. saltpetcr and 1 oz. saleratus.

Mix ingredients, boil and skim after

which allow it to cool. Smoke your bar-

rel for 12 hours with corn cobs. Sprinkle

a little salt in bottom and pack meat.

Pour over the meat the brine and place

a weight on top to keep it submerged.—

Mrs. J. E. Toman.





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l

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i

it

2
JAN. 23, 1909. ' .





 





é GRANGE :





T‘V—YVYYYYVYYVVYYYYVVVYVY





 





 





MMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALA





 





 





Our Motto—“The Farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should be

first improved.”





TO MEMBERS OF A WEAK GRANGE.





 





Worthy Brother and Sister:—



You were delegates to State Grange at

Saginaw last month. I met you, I re-

member, the first day, when everything

was new to you so far as seeing the

Grange on a large scale was concerned.

You said you were so very glad to come,

and yet you were sorry to tell me that

the large, promising Grange which I once

visited is now almost a thing of the past;

that a few members still pay dues, but

that meetings are seldom held and little

or no interest is manifested in keeping

the organization up along any line other

than for insurance against fire.



During the busy days of the state ses-

sion we scarcely met, till the closing eve-

ning when you. came to say good—bye.

i shall never forget the enthusiasm and

pleasure of your faces as you told me

what the week had been to you and of

the revelation you had had of the Order’s

possibilities and pOWer. “XVe never

dreamed it was so great; we see what

'may be done now as we never did before

and wish we lived where there is a good

Grange,” were among your remarks as

you bade farewell to your newly-made

friends. »



A month and more has gone and you

are once more settled into your accus-

tomed ways. This personal word to you

is to recall to your minds that vision

which State Grange gave you of what the

Order has done for other people and

other communities. It is to suggest to

you that what it has done it may still

do elsewhere and for others. A possible

harvest time is before you, in the next

two months of comparative freedom from

heavy labor, in which to re-enlist your-

selves and neighbors in the effort to

make something more out of your lives

and thot and farms than you ever have

done before. Do not hesitate a moment,

but begin in your own home. Begin with

your two selves. Get your older boys





and girls togo into this thing with you,‘





and enthuse one and another of your

neighbors to join in a fresh, determined

resolution to make the next few weeks

count for something fine. Let that some-

thing be how to make your farm more

profitable; or posting yourselves on the

movements for parcels post, postal S’IV-

ings banks, improved dircct nomination,

and the Torrens System of'land trans-

fers; or sending to the Agricultural Col-

lcge for books in the new reading courses

and seeing whether the men can learn

more new things about farm animals than

the women can about essentials of home-

making in the same length of time. Here

are practical, up—to—date things to do.

Then add some war stories in memory of

“Abe Lincoln’s” hundredth anniversary.

some old songs that everybody loves, and

some hot coffee and doughnuts. Do this

and see if all do not want to set the

time for another meeting. Don’t hesitate

to take the lead. No matter if you are

not master in name of your weak Grange.

Call on your fellow members to rally

about your charter with you. \thn they

see your faith, their faith will rcvivc and

they will gradually enthuse, loo. Remem-

ber, you have seen the “vision" of or-

ganization possibilities and some of them

have not. Have patience and persevere.

“After it, after it,

Follow the gleam!”

JENNIE BUELL.





 





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





Redfield Grange, of Cass Co.,

the following officers for the

year:





elccied

ensuing

_ Master, Charles Bement; overseer,

James Hadden; lecturer, Mrs. James

I-ladden; steward, Frank Kantz; ass’t

steward, Albert D. Martin: ladv ass't

steward, Mrs. Frank Bemcnt; secretarV,

Wm. Van Tilberg; chaplain, Mrs. A. A

Martin; treasurer, Lewis Thompson'

gatekeeper. Henry Thompson; Ceres Eli:

zabeth Hadden; Flora, Cora Martin1 Po-

mona, Florence Thompson—Cor. ’



Emmet Co. Pomona Grange held its

annual meeting at Labadie hall, in Pe—

mgkoy, There were about 50 members

rcprcscnting six Granges, present. Ari

interesting program had been prepared

and was ably rendered. The fourth and

fifth degrees were conferred on several

members, and election of officers held.

The installation of officers will take place

at the next regular quarterly meeting,

to be held in Harbor Springs, some time

in March.



Inland Grange, of Grand Traverse Co.,

recently elected the following officers for

3909: Master, Clinton E. Lamb; overseer,





' Franc C. .Taouish: lecturer, Ada Jacquish;





steward, Wayne McDowell: ‘ass’t steward.

Herbert Dexter' chaplain, Lillian Dexter;-





~THE. MICHIGAN FARMER.





treasurer, Ira L. Case; secretary, R. 'B.

Reynolds; gatekeeper, Charles Maynard;

Ceres, Ruby Lamb; Pomona, Agnes

Davis; Flora, Mrs. Charles Maynaird;

lady ass't steward, Gladys Davis; insur-

ance agent, R. B. Reynolds.



Kent Patrons and Teachers Meet—A

Kent Co. Pomona and Teachers’ meeting

was “held with Sparta Grange, Jan. 6-7,

the attendance taxing the capacity of the

hall. Close attention was given the talks

by Prof. Sawyer, of Sparta, and Prof;

French, of Lansing, along the lines of

progressive agricultural education. Prof.

French especially decrying the effort on

the part of some to make it appear a fad

rather than a. substantial progresswe

movement. At the evening session 12

were given the fifth degree. The objects

of the extension reading course were

then taken up by Prof. French, his talk

being followed by thoro discussion. E.

T. Dean said the moral condition of farm

communities is not entirely satisfactory,

and gave as a panacea local option in re«

gard to the liquor traffic. A most com-

plete paper was presented by T. H. Whit-

tal on “Grange Farm Insurance.” A1;

Thursday evening's session reports of the

State Grange delegates, Bro. and Sister

Leslie Burch, were listened to and the

committee on the year-book for 1909 was

completed. It was decided to mail the

hock to heads of Grange families thruout

the county. Prizes of $15 in gold were

awarded—$10 to Rockford Grange for the

largest Pomona. membership, and $5 to

Success Grange for largest number of

members during the year just past. Also

voted $10 to Algoma Grange towards a

new ball. The annual reports of ofiicers

showed Kent Pomona to be one of the

flourishing Pomonas of the state, comprls-

ing 1,485 subordinate and 170 Pomona.

members—B.



Lickley’s Corners’ Grange, of Hillsdale

Co., at its first January meeting, installed

the following officers: Master, E. H.

Wilson; overseer, Will Stoltz; lecturer,

Nellie Tuttle; secretary, Herman Abba-

duska; steward, Elmer Laser; ass’t

steward, Willis Tew: chaplain, Laura

Drake; treasurer, Ambrose Hinkle; gate—

Keeper, Clyde Martin; Pomona, May

Stoltz; Ceres, Lottie Abbaduska; Flora,

Bessie Laser; lady ass’t steward, Emma

Tuttle; organist, Helen Lickly; chorister,

Berton Carlisle.



Western Pomona’s Encouraging Meet-

ing.—The January meeting of W’estern

Pomona Grange was held with Ottawa.

Grange, in Herrington, Friday and Sat-

urday, Jan. 8 and 9. The program pre-

pared by the lecturer was taken up and

brief discussions held on the various

topics presented; a report of State

Grange was also given by Pomoua’s del-

egates. Miss Jennie Buell, lecturer of.

State Grange, was then called upon, and

the remainder of the afternoon was taken

up with an informal talk in which several

good suggestions were made and numer-

ous questions answered. The speaker

thot it would be better for lecturers, when

possible, to prepare their programs two

or three months ahead, thus giving those

to whom topics were assigned a longer

time in which to prepare their subjects.

She also thot a closer relationship should

exist among the officers thru frequent

conferences at which definite plans could

be made for the work to be pursued.

The evening session was taken up with

recitations and music. and an address by

Miss Buell on the subject of “Grange

Gains,” in which she mentioned many of

the more prominent gains with which

we are most familiar and also spoke of

the less tangible, but no less important,

gains which go to make for the. better-

ment of humanity. The mecling Saturday

forenoon was purely a business session

at which occurred the. double installation

of the officers of the \Vcstern Pomona

and Ottawa Granges. With but one or

two exceptions the reports from subordi—

nates showed the Granges to be in better

condition than one yearago, with two

new Granges, Nunica and West Crockery,

added to the list. - _



Already Preparing for State Grange.



Grand Traverse Grunge, at the first

meeting of the year. began its prepara-

tions for entertaining State Grange next

December. It was the regular session

for the installation of officers and the

formal exercises were preceded by a.

Grange feast. The installing officer was

Bro. A. P. Gray, who was worthy master

of this Grange for 10 years during the

eighties and nineties. All the officers

were present save one, and he was in-

stalled by proxy, and later in the after-

noon appeared to take his Dlucc. The

retiring secretary. Mrs. E. S. Gray, who

had given the Grange 21 years of service

in that position, was presented a slight

testimonial of the high regard which the

members hold for her.



Before planning the year’s work the

various members were asked to name

subjects they would like to have consid-

ered during the coming your and from

the replies received it was (‘lczll‘ that the

exigencies of the case require that early

attention be given to at least the follow-

ing topics: “The l‘pbuilding of the

Grange,” “Preparations for the State

Grange,” “Methods for Marketing Farm

Produce.” “Home Making in its Various

Phases,” “Local Option," “Parcels Post.”

“County Road System,” “Modern Im-

provements for Farm and Farm Horne.”

“Centralized Schools,” “Township High

Schools,” “Home Nursing.”



Half an hour was taken up with a

discussion regarding the problem of get-

ting the Grange ball in condition for the

meeting of State Grange. It was sug-

gested a new carpet would be a nice im-

provement and almost immediately, and

without any extended canvass, $21 was

pledged.





COMING EVENTS.





. Pomona Meetings.



Ingham Co., with Mason Grange, Fri-

day evening, Jan. 29 and Saturday, Jan.

30. Open meeting Saturday afternoon,

with address by State Master N. .P. Hull.



Charlevoix Co., with “lilson Grange,

Thursday. Feb. -





E FARMERS’ cums;3





 





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-





TION OF FARMERS CLUBS.





 





President—A. L. Chandler, Owosso.

Vice—President—Mrs. Clara L. French,

Pompeii.



Secretary—Mrs. W. L. Cheney, Mason.

Treasurer—D. K. Hanna, Caro.

Corresponding Secretary—Clayton Cook,

Owosso..



Directors-D. M. Beckwith, Howell; D.

M. Garner, Davisburg; T. B. Halladay,





Norvell; E. C. Hallock, Almont; B. A.

Holden, Wixom; Wm. A. Marks, Fair

Haven.





Address all correspondence relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. W.

L. Cheney, Mason, Mich.





 





Associational Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind.

is the farmer's most valuable asset.





 





Aseociatlonal Sentiment.—

The farmer; he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations. .





IMPORTANT WORK FOR JANUARY.





In a. previous issue a plea was made

for every local club to take up the im-

portant work of club extension at its

January meeting and, if possible, to in-

terest the members in that work to ap—

point a publicity committee whose busi-

ness it would be to let the people of the





community know what the local club is‘





doing and to interest those outside of the

organization in the formation of a new

club in adjacent, unoccupied territory.



If this was not done at the January

meeting it should certainly be taken up

at the February meeting, as there is no

season of the year so favorable for this

kind of work as during the winter when

there is plenty of time to both visit clubs

and to interest busy farmers in the prop-

osition of organizing a Farmers' Club

in their community. The club movement

in Michigan has grown just this way and

it can be greatly extended in the same

way by just a little interest and work

on the part of the Farmers’ Club mem-

bers in the several local clubs who ap-

preciate the benefits to be derived from

such an organization. They will gen—

erally find their neighbors who do not

enjoy those benefits, in a receptive frame

of mind and all that will be necessary

to interest them is a little timely work

and effort, and there is no better time

than the present to demonstrate that

fact.





 





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





An Enjoyable Meeting.-—Thc January

meeting of the Grovclund Farmers" Club

met at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John

Brandt. one mile west of Ortonville. The

day being pleasant, the attendance was

good, about :30 being present. Dinner

was served and thoroly enjoyed by all.

Meeting was cullcd to order at the usual

hour by Mr. Frank Downcy, president of

the club. Cpcncd by singing “America."

The following quotations \vcre givon at

roll call: Mr. Downcy, “Call a man a.

liar, he’s ready for :1 Scrap. Cull him a

fisherman, and lot it go at that." Mrs.

Albcrt Kier, “llc holds much who holds

his tongue.” Mrs. licrt lirandt, “Have

a way of your own, and keep out of oihor

people’s way.” Mr. llcrt Brundtl, “lie

who has a. smart dog does most of the

barking himself.”



The Question Box followed the render-

ing of a good literary and musical pro-

gram. The following are a l'uw of tho

questions discusscd: "What are we to

receive for the present crop of lambs?

l\lr. Downey and Mr. ("ovcniry think we

will receive :1 protiy fair prim», whcn tho

quarantinc is rcmovrwl. “\\'h:1t is the

name. and population of the two lurgcst

cities in the world?” Answcrcd by Mr.

Downey as. London, R,3Nl,t:7;’, and NIWV

York, 4,013.7“. “Which is the greaicst

nuisance, man or woman," also “which

is the, most provoking." As the majority

prcscnt wcrc womcn, both qucsiions wnro

vcry easily dccidcd. Question prcscnlcd

by Mr. Downcy. for discussion at the

ncxt meeting, “Should the statc, county

or township, by (lircct tax, role to raise

more money than is needed to bcar the

expenses on an economical basis?”



The Annual Meeting was hold in Cc-

i'obci'. and not having sccn the names

of our oiliccrs publishcd. will give them:

Frank Downcy, prcsidcnt; Allan llrosius.

vicc—prcsidcnt; hirs. Allan llrosius, sccrc-

iary; lllrs. Jas. Autcn, cor. secretary; Al-

bcrt Kicr, treasurer: Alice Thuycr, organ—

ist. The, February meeting will be at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. Bert Brandt. Mrs.

Jas. Autcn, Cor. Soc.



The Value of a Farmers’ Club.—The

“’zisliingion Center Furmcrs‘ (‘lub held

its December meeting at Meadow Brook,

the home of Mr. and Mrs. G. M. Mc—

Endcrfcr, with a large attendance, not-

withstanding a very stormy day. Music

for the meeting was furnished by Miss

Ruth Bratiin and Mrs. C. M. Long. “The

Value of :1 Farmers’ Club in a commu-

nity,” was discussed at the morning ses-

sion, and all agreed that iheis club, at

least, was of some practical value.

Strangers coming to make their homes

in this locality find the club a good place

to learn the methods bcst adapted to suc-

cessful farming in “lashington, and also





 





<23) 91





to form new acquaintances and friends.

"Looking backwards and forwards," was

the subject of a talk by O. J. Campbell,

who spoke of the advancement in the

methods of transportation, communica—

tion, and methods of farming, and looked

forward to still greater things in store

for farmers. A very excellent report of

the meeting of the State Association of

Farmers’ Clubs at Lansing was given by

Mrs. George Hill, the club‘s representa-

tive at the meeting, and by Mrs. Clara L.

French, who was also at the Lansing

meeting.



Election of Officers resulted in the fol—'

lowing list: President, Frank Brattin;

Vice-president, Mrs. John Foley; secre-

tary, Mrs. George Hill; corresponding

secretary, Mrs. O. J. Campbell; treasurer.

Mrs. N. Curren; organist, Miss Ruth

Brattin; assistant, Mrs. Frank Cammet.

The farm inspection committee reported

Meadow Brook in fine shape, and all

ready for winter. Next meeting at “Elm-

Wood.” the second Thursday in January.

—Mrs. O. J. Campbell, Cor. Sec.



Elect New Officers—The December

meeting of the Ellington-Almer Farmers'

Club was held at the home of Mr. and

Mrs. P. C. Frost, in Ellington. The

meeting was a very creditable one for

the club, the attendance the best for

some time back. The dinner of several

courses was served by the ladies under

the direction of Mrs. George S. Earle,

after which the program was opened by

President A. J. Bush, who, after the pre—

liminaries were disposed of. announced

the election of officers. Floyd A. Turner,

president; J. Campbell. secretary; J. VVil-

son, vice-president, and Mrs. Jerome Sut-

ton, organist, with Mrs. C. L. Wright as

corresponding secretary, represent the

choice of the club members for its direct-

ors. The financial report read by James

Campbell shows the club lives within its

means and the treasury is not wholly

depleted.



The delegates’ report of the state meet-

ing was given and the club felt encour—

aged at the progress and credit paid it

by the. state secretary. also in securing

a state office for its vice-president, Mr.

D. K. Hanna, of Ellington. At the close

of the report a standing vote of thanks

\i'dS Volcil the dclcgulc.



The Club Meeting.—ln a short discus-

sion of the different methods of conduct—

ing a club mcetinggit was decided to

adopt the yearly program and a com-

inittcc for that purpose was appointed by

the president. Elder Crandall, of the 1V1.

P. church being present, gave a. short

scholarly discourse on Christmas thots

and how we should spend a portion of

the day.



Farm Power.—A discussion of the ques-

tion, “\Vhich is cheapest, windmill power

or gasoline engine for general water pur-

poses?” There was a Wide difference of

opinion on this topic. Nathan George

thot that windmill, with a storage tank,

was lust for water purposes. Mr. Hatch

said that 70 fcet of a raise was a tax

for one's strength and hence a depth of

draw was of vital importance. where one,

had much stock to care for, hence a gas-

oline engine would prove most efficient.

Mr. Patterson had used both powers and

was a strong advocate of the gasoline.

engine. the motion was more. even.



“Which are mast profitable, hogs or

sheep with a dairy herd?" A wide differ—

ence of opinion prevailed. George Metcalf

preferred hogs to shocp because pasture

was an item he could not afford to sheep

and the hog also aided in disposing of

the products accruing on :1 dairy farm

James Campbell thot something that could

utilize the skim milk and othor by-pro-

ducts was profitable, still advocated

keeping a few sheep. were it not a ques~

Son of pasture.-——Mrs. C. L. \Vright, Cor.

u (‘0.



Extravagance.*0dcssa Farmcrs’ Club

met with Mr. and Mrs. TV. S. Angst, Sat—

urday, Jan. 9th. Nearly 90 were served

with an excellcnt dinner. Mr. Stinch-

comb's paper on “The Injustice of tho

.l'lxirzivagant l'sc of Money,” was followed

with a lively discussion, and lilr. Curtis

ihot the properly be and his wife had

managcd to save would last if: seconds in

Newport. Next came the Question Rox,

then the Propcrly Exchange, which is a.

new feature in the club, whereby the

mcmbcrs may be able to dispose of any

kind of propcriv.



Hold Annual Meeting.—The County

Line Farmcrs‘ Club held a lively meeting

at the homo of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Cole.

Jun. 7. (liliccrs were clcctcd and things

siul’lcd for a glad Ncw Year. A good

program, music. and the question box

made an enjoyable and profitable club.

I’i-csidcnt, I). C. lichurds: vice—pros, J.

D. lloyt; rocording scc., Mrs. Williams;

mm sma‘ Mrs. Hoyt; treasurer, O. E. Mc—

Donald.



Elect New Officerssrfl‘ho Indian Fields“

Furmr-rs’ ("lub held its eighth annual

mccling December 17. at the home of

Amos Andrcws, Jr. Altho a very stormy

day, scvcn inches of snow falling, nearly

all mcmbcrs had assembled when the

Christmas dinner was served at noon.

The following officers were. elected:

lh‘ivsidcnl‘, J. M'. Miller: vice—pres, ll.

H. Smith: sccrctary, IVliss Martha Purdy:

treasurer, Mrs. Geo. Carpenter: organist,

Mrs. D. H. Andrews. Robt. Park, delc.

gate to the State Association, made a very

intcrcsling rcport. instead of having 2t

rcgular printed program this year, the.

club will have printed a “wall bullctin.”

giving the date and place of each ”meet-

ing; also thc names of tho refreshment

superintendcnt and program committee.

The club will meet January 21, at I. N.

thggctts.—l\d. R. S, Scc.



Art Calendars Received.



We are in receipt of six beautiful art

calcndars from the International Har—

vester Company, Chicago. bearing the

names respectively of their celebrated

lines of machinery. the Champion, Deer-

ing. l\/lc(‘ormick, Milwaukee, Osborne and

Piano. These different lines of harvesting

mgpmnory are represented by different

agents, each one of which has for dis-

tribution the calendars and posters rcp-

restnting the machines which he handles.
_. .

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.fiream Separator





OFFER!





This is positively the first bona fide, no-money-down offer ever made





 





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Your simple word that you would like to see this cream separator in your own burn or dairy house brings it to you

instantly. We send you the Sheffield without. a bit of quibbling or hesitancy. We neither ask her want you to send a

penny. We don’t want a cent of your money. The Separator goes direct to you. You set it up. give it a thorough test

with the milk from your own cows. We give you a free trial that IS a free trial in every sense of the word. It is a

free trial because we don’t ask you to pay us any money down — there is no G. O. D. - no lease nor mortgage. You

keep your money right in your own pocket. You pay nothing to anybody.



Some people PRETEND to give you a tree trial, but they ask you to give them your money first. We are not

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watch the increase of the amount of cream. then, if you do not believe that you ought to have a cream separator. Just

send it back at our expense. If. however. you decide to keep this genuine Sheffield—the peer of all cream separators-

the separator that gives you greater profits than any other—makes every cow you have give you 109% greater value and

insures you greater profits from your dairy than you ever made before—we Will allow you to keep it on extremely easy





MONTHLY PAYMENTS!





These payments are so small that you will hardly notice them. You only pay out of your increased profits. You

don’t need to be without a cream separator when you can have the separator right in your dairy house while you are

paying for it. In reality you do not pay for it at all. It pays for itself.



This is what we want to demonstrate to you. We want to demonstrate and prove beyond all peradventure that the

Sheflleld Cream Separator does pay for itself. Only a few months’ use of a Sheffield Cream Separator and you W111 be

satisfied that this statement is absolutely correct. A few months and the separator has paid for itself. It has not cost

you a penny because the increased amount of cream has paid for the machine.



We don't want to tire you with a long discussion of how our cream separator is made here. You can best under-

stand this if you let us send you our free catalog. Besides this free catalog we have another book which we should





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“Profitable Dairying”





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'00 ”90!"; «a. 0&0 everything about cows and dairying, butter and cream — how to feed and care for cattle. how to

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6‘99 idea. \4‘ your cows. This book is written by two of the best known dairy selentists in the country—

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(4 1



a (“Va/ftp I06“ We wlll also send you Our F REE Catalog, describing fully the great Sheffield

4» °¢o¢fw Cream Separator and telling all about our liberal terms. Find out about these tel ms

0 Go 6/00 ,0, anyway. even if you don’t expect to buy a cream separator Just now. Remember—no

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But we don’t want anything. All we ask is your simple request.

direct to your farm absolutely without any money down.





We want you to read every word of this great offer.

our absolute fail/z in the great Sheffield Cream Separator. You are given the opportunity of

seeing just how much cream this marvelous separator will extract from your milk before we ask

you to send us one cent. You never saw another manufacturer who was so open-handed in his



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prawn to be right in Denmark, the greatest dairying country in the world, where this style of separator is used by

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SHEFFIELD SEPARA TOR 00.

BABSON 31:05.. Edison mm. Dept.363| . cmcaoo





'on any cream separator. No manufacturer of any separator ever dared to make such a

startling offer before. All others who have ever pretended to offer you a free trial or to send their

separator without any money down have taken care to get something out of you first.





We send the cream separator





It is an offer which, we think, prOVes





The principle of the Sheffield has been





 





No. i No. 2 No. 8





 





We give you here positive prooi of the

EmDerlority of the Sheffield Cream Separa-

tor over two other cream separators of

acknowledged high-grade. There can be no

more clinching proof than this—the proof

no other separator manufacturer would

dare let you make if aSheflield werearound.

We show you here three test tubes,

all of the very same size. Three portions

of milk, each portion the very same in

quantity were taken from the same cows.

()ne portion of. this milk was run through

the Sheffield Cream Separator and the other

two quantities were run through the other

two well-known cream separators referred

to. Figure No. 1 illustrates the amount of

cream extracted by the Sheffield. You can

see for yourself that it is at least 25% more

than that extracted by the separator whose

product in cream is shownin figure No. 2.

This separator cost $35.00 more than the

Sheffield, and yet you can see that only

three-fourthsas much cream was extracted

from the same amount of milk. This test

was made not only once, but over and over





 





 





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again until there was absolume no doubt

in the minds of. the judges of. the superiority

of the Sheffield.



In figure No. 3 we show you the amount

of cream extracted by a separator well

known to the trade, and looked upon as a.

"good” machine. This separator costs

207;7 loss than the Bheflleld, but it ex-

tracted 50% less cream. N0 proof 00““

be more positive—more SURE than this.

Nothing could be more convincing. The

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and we are willing to PROVE this by send-

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Notice to Dealers!





 





In the past so many dealers have written for our prices

and terms to dealers, we wish to publicly announce that

while we will sell to dealers on our regular terms—the

same terms we make direct to the buyers of our separa-

tors -- we prefer NOT to sell dealers at all, because it is

impossible to allow a dealers' discount. Our prices are

already so low that it is IMPOSSIBLE for us to make a

dealer’s discount. We want the friendship of the dealers. ‘

but we want to make it plain that we intend to sell to

the consumer for the same price we would have to charge

the dealer. Therefore, in making this public announce-

ment. we hope to make all understand our position

clearly so that in the future no mistakes may be made.