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REALM.


The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.


VOL. CXLIu. No, .6 2

Whole Number 3795.


DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, AUG. 8, 1914.


so CENTS A YEAR.

:52 FOR 5 YEARS.


'The Army Worm and its Natural Enemy.


'HE appearance of the army worm

in a number of widely scattered

localities in the best agricultural


sections of Michigan has caused wide-

spread apprehension on the part of

very many farmers, and rather‘ ser-

ious loss to a few ‘Whose oat crop has

been attacked by this worm during re-

cent weeks.


The ﬁrst reports of serious damage

from this pest came to hand just as

the forms for the last issue of The

Farmer were being closed. Among

these reports was one from a Huron

county farmer, who states that sev-

eral ﬁelds of grain in his vicinity had

been badly injured by the ravages of

the army worm. In looking for the

Worm in his own ﬁelds, he made a

discovery which will be most reassur-

ing to others who have had serious

apprehensions with regard to the

damage which might result to other

crops through the outbreak of this in-

sect. He found thousands of small,

light, silky cocoons in his ﬁelds, some

attached to grain stalks, but mostly

lying secluded Hinder lumps of earth

and pieces of old sod. He collected a

’number of these specimens and sent

them to The Farmer for identiﬁcation.

When they arrived, small winged in-

sects were emerging from them, and

in order to make certain of their

identity, the specimens Were at once

forwarded to Prof. Pettit, Entomolo-

gist of the State Experiment Station,

requesting him to prepare a statement

regarding their identity, their connec-

tion, if any, with the outbreak of the

army worm, together with a brief his

tory of the life of this Insect and the

causes which contributed to its pres-

ent outbreak.


His response to this request is not

only interesting, but most reassuring


to the farmers of Michigan who have ,


had grave apprehensions with regard

to the prospect of general serious con-

sequences from the unusual preva-

lence of the army worm in many 10-

calities of the state at this time. Prof.

Pettit’s statement follows:

A Parasite Which is the Natural

emy of the Army Worm.

The little box of cocoons is the most

reassuring thing that I have seen

since the army worm came this time.

These little light-colored objects,

which look like kernels of grain, only

smaller, are the cocoons of a parasite

which develops in the body of the

army worm. At the time when they

arrived, the adults were coming out.

A close examination of the little co-

coons that you send shows them to

be made of silk and, in fact, to be

miniature cocoons. Each of these

cocoons will produce, or rather is pro-

ducing a tiny wasp-like insect, be-

longing to the family of Braconidae,

and known as Microgaster. The fe-

males of this numerous family will

lay their eggs in the skins of the army

worms, searching out those not al-

ready attended to, and these eggs in

hatching will produce grubs in the

bodies of the pests _that Will literally

eat them alive, only eating them from

the inside, out of sight. Each one of


En-


these grubs eventually eats its way

out of the “worm” and spins another

little cocoon like the ones sent, and

this goes on until the army worms

are so hard to ﬁnd that the parasites

themselves ﬁnd it hard to make a

living.

Story of the Army Worm.


The reason for the present epidem-

ic of army worms is merely that these

and other species of parasites (nota-

bly tachina-ﬂies) failed to make good

in the business of killing off the

"worms” and the worms managed to

get the start of them. It came about

in this way:


The parasites are all of them very


calamity when this balance is upset

from any cause.


Brieﬂy, the army worm develops as

follows: There are three generations

each year, one in April and May, one

in July and one in September. The

one in July usually does all the dam-

age. The eggs are laid in low places

by preference and the winter is pass-

ed in all stages, though mostly in the

larval and pupal stages. The larvae

or “worms” have the habit of cut-

worms, and cut off leaves from grass-

es and grains, at night, wilting them

and eating them on the following

night. They work so secretly that one

is apt to overlook their presence in


A Welcome Call Summoning the


sensitive to temperature, and the cold

wet weather during early spring, pre-

vented them from keeping up with the

“worms” of the ﬁrst generation. The

army worm has three generations

each year. This failure of the para-

sites to appear in time allowed the

pests to get a start, which produced

an enormous crop in the second gen-

eration, the one now at work. The


presence of the parasites which you


have sent in, and which have also

been received from other parts of the

state, shows, however, that the para.-

sites are about to resume control. It

is all a matter of the maintenance of

a balance between a pest and its nat-

ural enemies, and the danger of a


Hungry Harvest Hands to Dinner.


an oat ﬁeld until all the leaves are

cut off. When this time comes, they

commence to cut off the heads and

then the real trouble becomes notice-

able. The heads furnish them with

food for a short time, but the worms

are large by that time and the heads

are dry eating, so the “worms” start

on their famous marches usually at

night, or on cloudy days. They fall in in

unbelievable numbers and proceed us-

ually in one direction, crawling stead-

ily, often in such crowded ranks that

they really cover the ground. If they

succeed in ﬁnding a corn ﬁeld or any-

thing eatable, they.halt and devour it

and when forced by hunger they are

not very particular as to What the ﬁnd


is, if it is only green. In a few days,

they get their full size and then each

one burrows into the soil and changes

to the resting stage (corresponding to

the cocoon stage of many insects)

and then after a short time more each

one of these pupae in the soil gives

up a moth, of a general clay color and

measuring about an inch and a half

across the extended wings. The moths

mate and lay their eggs for the next

generation.

The Control.


When an army of these worms gets

possession of an oat ﬁeld it is usually

impossible to do more than to keep

them from spreading or marching to

new ground. They are discovered so

late in the day that quick work is im-

perative, and the method is to place

a barrier around the army. Sometimes

tarred boards are. set on edge around

the place, but the quickest, and when

practicable, the cheapest way is to

plow a furrow around the place, turn‘

ing the furrow toward the worms, so

that when they fall in in trying to

march, they ﬁnd the smooth side of

the furrow like a wall before them.

They do not climb Well on soil, but if

the army is large, they will quickly

ﬁll the furrow with their bodies and

crawl across on each other. To pre-

vent this a second furrow is put in

parallel to the ﬁrst and about six or

more feet away, to catch the ones

that get by the ﬁrst, and sometimes a

third furrow is necessary. When any

of the furrows get half full it is well

to turn them under, leaving a fresh

furrow to be ﬁlled. As the creatures

work at night, this makes the work

more difﬁcult.


Sometimes they get past the fur-.

rows and then it is necessary to poi-

son them. The poison used is made

of one pound of Paris green, 20 lbs. of

bran, half a gallon of molasses and

enough water to moisten the mass

somewhat. To this is added three or-

anges ground ﬁne, skins and all, in a,

food chopper, and the whole is broad‘

casted over several acres. This was

ﬁrst tried out on grasshoppers in Kan-

sas by Prof. Deane, 0f the Kansas Ex-

periment Station, and succeeded per-

fectly last year against the hoppers.

It seems to be doing well against the

army worm as well.


Sometimes the soil is so loose,

mucky or sandy, that one can not

plow a smooth deep furrow, then it is

well to get in a deep furrow or ditch

and to drag a short log back and

forth along it to crush the “worms”

as they accumulate.


Finally, the writer has never seen

army worms appear twice in success-

sion in any one place, because the

parasites have always been able to

deal with them. It is, of course, pos-

sible, but so improbable, as to amount

almost to certainty. If they do ap-

pear in small numbers in September,

it is more likely to be in places at a

distance from the present epidemics.

The trouble seems widespread, not

only in lower Michigan but in some of

the other states. R. H. PETTIT,

Entomologist of Experiment Station.


Q _ .( f: 2:43.144:

":3. ‘2‘", 4’53“ 'f.
98-2


COST FIN DING AGAIN.


Mr. Peck's informing article on

“Cost Finding,” in the Michigan

Farmer of July 25, has a logical con-

clusion., The gentleman is on the

“honor roll” of the internal revenue

ofﬁce. His article brings convincing

evidence of the student, and yet I am

surprised that he should say: “I re-

fuse to recognize any such thing as

productive hours," and yet he confess-

es elsewhere that “I realize my labor

costs for 1911 are low,” and explains

why. In other words, “productive

hours” and “ unproductive hours” can-

not be left out of the equation—in

fact, there is no adequate cost ﬁnd-

ing without them. Mr. Peck’s own ex-

planations prove this.


Cost ﬁnding is more than bookkeep-

ing~~it is in a different realm—that of

higher accountancy. As yet it is not

an exact science. we are all groping

our way. Each line of business has

its own line of special problems, but

gradually there is working out basic

principles which must and do govern

all cost ﬁnding.


One great difﬁculty with Mr. Peck

is, he seemingly does not differentiate

between his own proﬁt and loss ac-

count and cost ﬁnding on his farm.

Strictly speaking, the farm must be

treated as a separate entity. It should

be charged with all items of expense

and service rendered and credited

with all earnings whether crops grown

or appreciation in values.


One of the rarest qualities of mind

is that of efﬁcient executive ability.

Mr. Peck has surely this quality, and

the farm gets full advantage of his

superior ability and studious experi-

ence—for nothing, so he says. This

is not real cost ﬁnding. True, it makes

no real difference in Mr. Peck’s an-

nual report to the collector of his in-

come tax, but we are discussing cost

ﬁnding on his farm and not the net

“washout” of Mr. Peck’s personal in-

vestments.


Again, I wish to take issue with his

statement, “it is no longer customary

in the best practice to charge interest

on the investment.” If real costs are de~

sired it must be taken into consider-

ation. He does not neglect to take

interest on borrowed money into con-

sideration. Neither should the basic

investment be left out. Cost ﬁnding

and proﬁt ﬁnding are two different

things, although closely related. In

the yearly balance sheet interest on

investment “washes out” on the proﬁt

side of the ledger, but it is a legiti-

mate charge against overhead in ﬁnd-

ing costs. The money invested might

be earning six per cent elsewhere if

it were not employed as the basic in-

vestment. So, too, might Mr. Peck

be drawing a handsome salary else-

where if his farm did not demand his

personal time and attention. In both

cases he would be compelled to add

these earnings in his income tax state-

ment. ,


As I stated in my previous article,

hour costs vary widely at times, de-

pending largely upon the ability of

the management to keep constructive-

ly employed the man, beast and ma-

chinery elements of the farm organ-

ization. \Veather and seasons have

their inﬂuence, as do many other

things, so that costs are generally es-

timated on averages for months or

years. Such a thing as a positive pre-

knowledge of costs cannot be, unless

a person is willing to deceive himself

and then he does not know—he only

thinks he knows, which is always dan-

gerous and generally expensive.


Here is the difﬁculty with human-

kind. We are always tender with our

own delinquencies. We estimate on

the basis of overly favorable condi-

tions and imagine the year will wash

out on the same basis—but it seldom

does.


It requires a man of courage to han-

dle cost ﬁnding. Even so fair a man

as Mr. Peck frankly acknowledges

that he arbitrarily arrives at certain

hour basis and refuses to entertain


THE MICHIGAN FARMER’


other vital requirements in arriving

at 'cold facts.


Understand me, I do not wish to be

too severe with Mr. Peck because I

have a very high opinion of the man

and his method. He is the most ad-

vanced along this new road of any

farmer I have yet came to know of.

He certainly .has been a student, and

I sincerely hope he will keep an open

mind, as there is much for us all yet

to learn. Theory and experience must

go hand in hand. Comparisons should

be had with other lines of industry as

the whole business fabric is at school

just now along these same lines. Cost

ﬁnding is absolutely essential to suc-

cessful business. When we learn our

cots there will be many readjustments

in farming as there has been in every

other business where it has cold-blood-

edly pointed out unknown washes and

leaks that kept the business on the

“ragged edge of despair.”


When there are more men like Mr.

Peck a sort of standard hour cost can

be established, but no one can afford

to do business on any basis save his

own known hour costs. The standard

hour 'cost will simply be a standard

to work to or work by. The great

problem is to make your own hour

costs as low as they should be and

herein Mr. Peck can be of great ser-

vice to the great American farm con.

stituency if he will be honest with

himself—will charge his own farm

with all legitimate items of expense—-

which includes a reasonable salary

for himself and interest on the in-

vestment—and will ta‘:e up the mat-

ter of “productive hours” and “unpro-

ductive hours,” for here is the crux

of the whole matter. Most farmers win

or lost right here. Efﬁcient manage-

ment is the secret of loss or gain.


I am sure Mr. Peck will get great

proﬁt in the study of the law of aver-

age. Big business has come to re-

spect it, and even reverence it. Gov-

ernment statistics are being built on

it more and more. It is about the only

safe guide we have but we must have

accurate ﬁgures on which to formu-

late that law. Otherwise it will be a.

case of “the blind leading the blind,”

and we have had too much of that al-

ready. What you want, and I want, is

the truth, and to use a scriptural

phrase, “the truth will make you free"

—which is true in the material world

as well as the spiritual.


My only thought in this matter is

to help others arrive at the basis of

fact. I hope some day I may have the

privilege of discussing these matters

with Mr. Peck face to face.


Wayne Co. A. H. FINN.


FARM NOTES.


Eradicating Bindweed.


Under a separate cover 'I sehd you

a sample of a weed I found on my

place. Would you tell me the name

of the plant and something of its na—

ture and the best way to exterminate

it? I have only a small patch. It

seems harder to keep subdued than

quack grass.


Clinton Co. W. B.


The specimen enclosed was Convol-

vulus Arvensis, (L) commonly known

as ﬁeld bindweed. This is a very

troublesome perennial weed with ex~

tensive creeping roots which pene'

trate far into the soil, and any ,piece

which contains a bud is capable of

starting new plants, hence this weed

is very rapidly spread by ordinary im-

plements used in working a ﬁeld

where it is present. Where the weed

is present in small patches only, it is

best to eradicate it by frequent hoe-

ing of the plants as soon as they

make their appearance above ground.

Where it becomes well distributed ov-

er a ﬁeld, the best way to keep it in

check is by the frequent use of late

planted hoed crops in a short rota-

tion. The use of late planted crops

enables the cultivation of the ﬁeld

earlier in the season with thistle

sweeps, while hand hoeing of the crop

will aid in destroying the plants which

survive this early cultivation. In ex-

treme cases it is sometimes necessary


f


.{4


to summer fallow the land, in which

case the weed may be subdued by

sowing buckwheat in the fallow and

plowing under when coming into

bloom, after which surface cultivation

of the summer fallow will generally

completely eradicate the plants. If

necessary, the field may be devoted to

a hoed crop after this treatment.


Applying Lime to Alfalfa.


I have a live-acre ﬁeld of alfalfa

which I seeded last June 13. The

heavy soil is doing ﬁne but the light

part is yellow and does not grow.

Have cut it once and heavy soil

stands six inches high now, but the

light soil seems to have still a yellow

cast and does not grow. Do you think

caustic lime applied to yellow would

help it any. If so, advise how much

and how. Would hardwood ashes be

of any account? If so, how much?

Am satisﬁed the soil is sour, as I

have tried the litmus paper test.


Clare Co. D. II.


There is little doubt that the poor

condition of this alfalfa on the light

soil is due to an acid condition of the

soil which is unfavorable to growth

of the bacteria necessary for the best

development of the plants. Whether

an application of lime to this seeding

will obviate this trouble or not can

only be told by experiment. The writ-

er has tried it in one instance with

apparent success, applying about 500


pounds per acre of caustic lime broad--


cast upon the surface. This applica-

tion should, of course, be made when

the plants are not wet, so as to pre-

vent possible injury to them. The ap-

plication of ashes at the rate of a ton

or more per acre should prove even

more beneﬁcial, as it would supply

some plant food as well as lime, al-

though the lime might not give as

good results as when applied in a

more caustic form. Unquestionably,

however, better results in the treat-

ment of an acid soil are secured

where the lime is mixed with the soil

when it is being ﬁtted for the alfalfa

or, better yet, for some previous crop.

Carbonate of lime in the form of

ground limestone will not give quick

results on acid soil unless applied in

liberal quantities. The writer" has

found a light application of say 500

pounds of caustic lime to give more

satisfactory results when applied in

the spring before seeding, than has

an application of two tons per acre of

ground limestone.

Sowing Clover on Oat Stubble.


Would it be advisable to sow our

oat ground to clover in August with-

out a nurse crop? If so, about what


time?


Kalamazoo Co. B. R. F.


Clover can sometimes be success-

fully seeded on stubble ground after

harvest, depending largely upon mois-

ture conditions which prevail at the

time. Unless conditions are favorable

so that the seed will germinate quick-

ly and make a good growth before

winter, the success of the plant is

doubtful. Under favorable conditions,

however, many good seedings are se-

cured by this method. One cannot an-

swer the question satisfactorily With-

out a knowledge of soil and climatic

conditions at the time the oats are

harvested.


LILLIE' FARMSTEAD NOTES.


We have had no rain to speak of

here since the ﬂood of late June, and

today is the 27th of July. One very

light shower last Thursday, but not

enough to thoroughly lay the dust is,

in fact, the only particle of rain we

have had the entire month. It has

been so dry that my second crop of

buckwheat is spotted; so also, is the

second crop of corn, both planted af-

ter the early peas were harvested.

But the major portion of the corn

ﬁeld is doing ﬁne. Some predict it

will make as good a growth yet, as

any corn. We have it cultivated out

once, and you can almost see it grow.

Had there' been one shower, or had

it got onto the buckwheat ﬁeld a few

days earlier, there would have been a

promising crop, because there is time

for the crop to mature. I am not

sure, but buckwheat is the crop to tie


get both.


we." '8, 1914.


to it one wishes to grow a Crop after

early peas.


Some people make a business of

growing buckwheat every year and

think it pays, but I never had much

to do with it. never, in fact, only as a

catch crop. But why not ﬁgure on

sowing one ﬁeld at least every year

after the early peas are harvested.

One could ﬁgure on getting it in by

July 1 practically everv year. Of

course, one could plant late potatoes

and be practically sure of a crop, but

with potatoes the ground must be

plowed, or loosened up so deeply that

there is great danger of its drying out

too much at this season of the year.


Alfalfa.


The old ﬁeld of alfalfa is making a.

surprising growth for the second crop.

Even on portions of the ﬁeld where

the June grass has worked in to a


considerable extent, the alfalfa is in“


so vigorous that in many places it is


nearly a solid mass of foliage, though '


the plants are somewhat scattering.

It has made a much getter' growth”

where I top-dressed it last year with

commercial fertilizer. it will take

care of about all the manure and fer-

tilizer one cares to "give it. My ob-

servation so far is that it will pay

wonderfully well to feed it, too. We

must not expect to take off two to

three crops of hay every year and not

put some manure back. This is

against the natural order of things,

and my opinion is that alfalfa will

prove to be no exception. I believe

the reason why there has been so

many failures in the past with this

plant is because we have tried to

grow it on the poorest ﬁelds and With-

out manuring.

The Army Worm.


So far we have not noticed this in.

sect in our neighborhood. But it is

within four or ﬁve miles of us quite

plentifully. Many ﬁelds of cats have

been injured and one ﬁeld, I under-

stand, has been entirely destroyed. It

has commenced to work on the corn

to a slight extent. I am in hopes that

it will have run its race before much

damage is done.


Late or Sweet Peas.


One variety of late, or sweet peas,

has been harvested, and they were

almost a total failure. The green aphis

seemed to eat the blossoms and some

vines had no pods on at all. The ﬁeld

of ten acres only produced 5,000 lbs.

of shelled peas. Barely enough to pay

for the seed and fertilizer. We have

the vines for silage, which will help

out some. The other variety is ready

to harvest but they are no better, if

as good. So striking an average of

my entire acreage and the pea crop

has not been a very good success. It

is certainly disappointing. I have

some faith in the crop yet, however,

and will try on a more limited scale

again. Excessive rains at the wrong

time, I am sure, was the principal

cause of failure. I don’t believe we

would have been bothered much with

the aphis if it had not been for the

rains.


Seed Potatoes.


We have another illustration of the

value of whole potatoes for Seed.

Where those were planted we have a

perfect stand, scarcely a. hill missing,

be it on clay or sand. But the cut


seed is quite an imperfect stand. The’


seed potatoes were taken from the

cellar and spread on the barn ﬂoor

and left there till planting. Every one

of the small ones planted whole grew.

Many of the pieces of cut seed did

not germinate.


Sweet Corn.


Some of my sweet corn is thick

enough for ensilage corn. In fact, it

is thicker than most people plant their

silage corn. The question is, will it

ear properly? I .want to get a. crop

of ears from sweet corn and 8.13011.

crop of stalks for silage. How thick

should it be planted to make me the

most money? That is what I am try-

ing to ﬁnd out. We simply must have

some silage anyway, but would like to

COLON C._ LILLIE.


a
AUG. 8, 1914.


'NORTHERN INDIANA FARM NOTE


Crop Conditions Promising.


In this section, the season thus far

has been very favorable to, the farm-

er. While the latter part of June was

somewhat droughty, July brought an

abundance of rain, although not so

much as to seriously interfere with

the gathering ofgthe hay crop, or the

harvesting of the wheat. The ther-

mol conditions are well up in the

nineties, and all crops are making

fast headway.


The corn is coming on with wonder-

ful rapidity, and is forming ears un-

der very favorable circumstances.

Nearly all the corn was delayed in

planting until after the twentieth of

May, and this, after four cultivations,

was all too large for further working

after the ﬁrst of July. As far as clean

culture and uniform and large growth

of stalk go to make a good corn crop,

the present crop is the evenest and

best grown in this section.


‘Much of the oats were caught at the

stage of their most rapid growth by

the drought prevailing the latter part

of June, and were checked, making a

light crop compared with their very

promising growth the ﬁrst half of

June. But little more than half a crop

is expected, harvesting the early sown

ﬁelds having already begun, while lat-

er ’sowings may stand a few days long-

er. It may be said that owing to the

very unfavorable conditions at seed-

ing time last spring, the oats acreage

this year is much below normal.


Wheat Yield Not up to Expectations.


Here and there a threshing machine

has started on its rounds and as the

work of threshing wheat progresses,

the yield continues to disappoint ex-

pectations. This is not so great a

surprise when the preparation for the

crop is considered, almost the entire

acreage of wheat having been put out

in a reckless and careless manner.

The fact is, the Hessian ﬂy has of late

years been so damaging that farmers

are becoming averse to wheat grow—

ing, and do not take the time and

trouble to prepare their ground as

they ought, the result naturally being

that many farms have become deplet-

ed. Because of this depletion, many

farmers are turning their attention to

dairying, in the hope that in this form

of agriculture may be found a remedy

to restore the fertility of the partly

wornout soil.


Experiments with Alfalfa.


As, alfalfa is one of the essentials

of successful dairying, it may properly

be asked what success our farmers

have had in growing this crop, es-

pecially on the more exhausted farms.

It may be said that very few have as

yet gone into alfalfa growing very ex‘

tensively, and it is therefore only in

an experimental stage. We have on

our farm one acre sown last August.

The ground, a sandy loam, was well

fertilized with the best rotten stable

manure and was plowed in May. We

harrOWed the patch at least six times

in the interval between the plowing

of the ground and the sowing of the

seed. The “catch” was a good one,

and in spite of the somewhat dry Sep-

tember the alfalfa made quite a

growth until winter. Our ﬁrst cutting

about a ton and a half, was made on

June 15, this year, and the second is

about ready at this date, July 20. We

doubt whether more than two cut-

tings can be made this year. The

most of our experimenters are work-

ing without inoculation, their success

being just as good as that of those

who give attention to this matter.


New Crops Are Being Substituted for

Old.


Another change worthy of mention

that may be said to be taking place in

this section, is the change of onion

growing to mint raising. While in

sections of southern Michigan mint

has been grown quite extensively for

some time, it is only within the past

ﬁve years or so that the industry has


THE MICHIGAN FARMER


been carried on in the northern coun-

ties of Indiana. Practically three-

fourths of the world’s mint supply is

now grown within a radius of 90 miles

of Kalamazoo, the territory extending

south and west into Indiana as far as

Plymouth and Warsaw. The acreage

this year in the counties of St. Jos-

eph, Kosciusko, Marshall, Elkhart and

La Grange, is greater than ever be-

fore. The marshes in these counties

were reclaimed for onion growing,

having produced large crops, but the

very great uncertainty of the onion

crop in recent years has caused a

gradual change to mint growing. In

the Prough marsh alone, located in La

Grange county, there are approxi-

mately one thousand acres of mint

this season. The crop is excelent this

year, and harvesting that part’ of the

crop which was set last year or be—

fore, will begin in about a week,

while the plantations set last spring

will not be ready for about three

weeks. It is hardly expected that the

heavy crop will not materially affect

the price of oil, yet growers are hope-

ful that prices will not fall so low as

to make the work of raising the mint

unproﬁtable.


Indiana. D. L.


WHEAT SEEDING AND THE HES-

SIAN FLY.


I note the interesting article in the

last issue of the Michigan Farmer on

the subject of “Early Preparations for

Wheat Seeding.” The advice is good,

but lest it may tend to promote early

seeding as Well as early preparations

for seeding, I am constrained to call

attention to a factor which should

this year be carefully considered in

its relation to the date of wheat

seeding.


While early preparation is essential

for best results with the wheat crop,

it now seems probable that this sea-

son will be one in which extremely

early Sowing will be undesirable.

While reports of serious damage by

the Hessian ﬂy have not been partic-

ularly numerous this year, reports of

the presence of the insect in consider-

able quantities are very general. This

insect is one which periodically be-

comes troublesome, due to the fact

that under normal conditions it is

kept in check by parasites which al-

most subdue it. With the decrease of

the ﬂies’ prevalence, however, these

parasites become of necessity greatly

reduced in number, thus permitting

the insect to again get a vigorous

start. This year the prevalence of

the insect in many wheat ﬁelds would

seem to indicate that unless weather

conditions are such as to check its

Operations this fall, wheat seeding

should be delayed if possible until af-

ter a good hard frost. This prospect,


however, makes it even more import-,


ant that early preparation for the crop

should be such as to insure the quick

germination of the seed and the rap-

id development of the crop after it is

gotten into the ground. This result

will also be made more certain, pro-

vided suitable supplementary fertili-

zation is given at the time the wheat

is sown. There is perhaps no crop

which pays better for a moderate ap-

plication of chemical plant food than

does the wheat crop, and such fertili-

zation also insures greater certainty

in securing a good seeding of clover

in the wheat the following spring.

Oakland Co. A. R. FARMER.


A BIG GROWTH OF CORN.


u————


Clifford Pierce, of Van Buren coun-

ty,‘ claims he has raised the biggest

corn in this section of the state. He

has exhibited a stalk in South Haven

which measures a triﬂe over 12 feet

long. Pierce declares it was grown

from seed planted just two months

ago. He believes that if he had let

the stalk grow the rest of the season,

it would have been a foot longer.


Kent 00.


\

M


H

\_,c


i3 ‘

ea er


spreads uniformly.


the center of the load is


booklet, also for


A book by Dr. W. E. Taylor, soil


JOHN DEERE,


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Send for beautiful


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MOLINE, ILLINOIS


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Dear Sir: -‘The Harvester I received of you does

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Mailed Free to any address by the author

«-7 ll. CLAY CLOVER. V. S.


l 18 West 3 I st Street New York

{vacuum wlﬂi com

arvester cuts andthrowsin

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egtpalwiftb a corn hm-

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THE MICHIGAN FA-RMER


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Live Stock.


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SWEET CLOVER FOR WEEDY PAS-

TURES.


Last week I had occasion to ride

about 40 miles through the' country

and I was surprised to see so many

weedy pastures. Some of them seem-

ed to me to be of little value for feed

at all, as there were weeds of several

kinds so thick that I could see no

grass. I cannot understand why such

a condition is permitted to exist.


In one pasture I noticed that the

ground was very rolling, being really

the. bluffs of a large creek. There was

timber along the stream back for a._

few rods in many places. Some of the

land was level, but the most of it was

one ridge after another, and many of

them high, while the general trend of

the land was rapidly upward as it ex-

tended back from the creek. Now,

this whole pasture seemed to be com-

posed of bushes and a white ﬂowered

weed about a foot high. Here and


there were little patches of bluegrass,


but it would keep a cow busy hunting

them up.


This pasture was especially adapted

to seeding to sweet clover. The rough

clayey nature of the soil Would give

it a good hold, and it is the only crop

that would take hold quickly and

pave the way for any other grass de-

sired if it was not the pasture wanted

ﬁnally. If it proves to be all it is

claimed to be, and those who make

the claims are men of experience and

reliability, no better pasture plant

could be desired.


In sowing this pasture to sweet clo.

ver it would be well to begin as soon


as possible, and if a fall growth can

be obtained so much the better, but

if not sow it early in the spring, and

follow by another sowing in the fol-

lowing summer just after sweet clo-

ver seed ripens, as this is the season

nature does the sowing. Sow again if

this is not enough to get an even

stand. When once started it spreads

rapidly, but a little help by repeated

'sowings will make the weed killing

more certainly and quickly done.

When the whole ﬁeld is fully seeded

there will be no chance for weeds.

When this is accomplished the sweet

clover may be easily superseded by

any other grass by carefully mowing

for a couple of seasons, not permit-

ting the weeds to grow. They could

be plowed and sown to alfalfa, tim-

othy, clover, or any tame grass. Sure-

ly they were worth the effort, for

they lay in a country where land val-

ues ran from $100 to $200 per acre.

Some of these men take great pains

with their orchards and ﬁelds, and

yet they lose the value of their pas-

tures. It is true they use them, but

one man I talked with acknowledged

his pasture would support double the

number of cattle and keep them In

better condition if he had good grass

instead of the Weeds. He was always

planning to make the change but did

not do so.


It is not the lack of proﬁt in farm-

ing that causes the dissastifaction

with the results that are -so general

in many communities, but it is the

losses caused by these leaks. Poor

marketing, overlooking the little

things that make up the real proﬁts,

and not utilizing to the full extent the

resources of their farms is what caus-

es the trouble. Look around you and

see if that is not the case. It is true

in every state in which I have observ-

ed conditions.


Kansas. L. H. Conn.


SOUR SKlM-MILK FOR ‘CALVES.


Calves do as well on sour skim-milk

as on sweet skim-milk in summer,


states a late press bulletin from the


U. S. Department of Agriculture. This

should prove welcome news to those

who have been deterred from raising

calves in summer because of the ex-

pense of keeping the milk sweet.


This expense, experiments carried

out by the Department, indicate to be

quite unnecessary. The calves will

make as rapid gains on sour skim-

milk. In winter, it is true, this is not

quite so satisfactory. It chills the

calves and some of them drink it with

great reluctance. Very young calves

have even been known to refuse it al-

together. 0n the other hand, of

course, it is much easier to keep the

milk sweet in winter.


In calling the attention‘of farmers

to these facts, however, the Depart-

ment at the same time emphasizes an

important precaution. Unless the milk

is produced and kept under cleanly

conditions, it may become contami-

nated with disease-producing bacte-

ria. Farmers should therefore allow

the milk to sour quickly and then feed

it without delay.


In the course of these experiments,

sour skim-milk was fed to 22 calves,

Holsteins, Jerseys and Guernseys, at

different seasons of the year. In no

case did it cause digestive disturb-

ances even when the change from

sweet to sour milk was made abrupt.

1y when the calves were only a few

days old. Moreover, no evil results

followed the alternate use of sweet

and sour. It seems, therefore, that

the common idea that sour milk leads

to scours is quite unfounded.


The calves, it was found, did not

like the sour milk as well as the sweet

but in the majority of cases soon be-

came accustomed to it. The aversion,

however, increased when the milk was

fed them at a low temperature.


EARLY FATTEN ED HOGS.


No doubt many farmers will as us-

ual, make the mistake this year of

failing to begin hog feeding until late.

Quite often some do not begin until

the beginning of October. This is a.

great mistake, especially if the hogs

are to be fattened for the market, as

the earlier the hogs are marketed,

the better prices will be obtained. As

a rule, the well fattened hog brings

more per pound than the medium fat-

tened one. Evidence of this is espec.

ially noticeable in the large markets.

There the thoroughly fattened hogs

sell at top prices, and are the ﬁrst

to. leave the pens. Those that go at

low prices, or are held over, are those

not well ﬁlled in and rounded out,

and should have stayed in the fatten-

ing pen from two to four weeks

longer.


In our, experience we have found

that the most proﬁtable hog is of a

March litter, grown for the most part

on clover pasture, and fattened on

corn, the fattening being early, and

the hog being marketed at the age of

about nine or ten months.


In growing corn for hogs it is our

practice to make two plantings. One

is of an early or ninety-day variety,

and is put in just as early as possible,

which is usually from the ﬁrst to the

tenth of May. The other is of a long-

er season sort and is planted at about

the same time as the early planting.

The early variety matures about the

middle of September, the late not

much before the ﬁrst of October.


In order to fatten the hogs early,

we do not wait until the corn is ma-

ture, but begin feeding it while it is

yet soft, feeding stalk and all. We

put the hay-rack on the wagon and

drive along the side of the corn ﬁeld,

cutting the corn and loading it on the

wagon, which is hauled into the hog

lot, the green corn being fed from the


AUG. 8', 1914.


wagon as needed. When the bunch

of hogs is not large, enough can be

hauled on a load to last some time.

We feed only a moderate quantity at

the start, increasing the amount grad.

ually until a full ration is fed.


Putting the early corn in the shock

is begun about the middle or last of

September and after it has stood a

few weeks we begin to husk of this

to feed to the hogs. Of course, it is

usually not dry enough to crib at this

stage but it will do very well to feed

to the hogs.


and the hogs are ﬁnished on this and


are fat enough for market about the


middle of November.

It is universally conceded that com


is the best feed for fattening hogs but-


it should not be imagined that the

hogs should be fed on corn alone. A

monotonous diet is not good, and the

health requires a variety. Corn may

well constitute four-ﬁfths of the diet

of fattening hogs, but the remaining

ﬁfth should be of something else. We

have fed pumpkins with corn and

have had good results. We have also

fed boiled potatoes, steamed clover

hay, and apples. Salt and charcoal

are also necessary. When hogs have

salt constantly, and all the water they

want to drink they will not use too

much salt. The best drink for fatten-

ing hogs is pure water.


Indiana. D. L.


FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.


Tankage for Pigs on Grass.


- Would like some information in re-

gard to feeding tankage to hogs. The

tankage is guaranteed 22% per cent

protein, ﬁve per cent crude fat, and

not exceeding 12 per cent ﬁber. Will

feed in connection, ground oats, mid-

dlings and corn. Hogs have run of

rape patch and clover ﬁeld. Please

give me a balanced ration from this

assortment of feeds.

,R. A. I.


Indiana.


The amount of tankage which

should be fed to hogs when on clover

pasture should depend somewhat upon

the age of the hogs. For growing pigs

this ration with the addition of ten.

per cent of tankage, would make an

ideal combination. For older hogs it

will not pay to feed quite as much

protein when running on this kind of

pasture, and either the middlings or

oats—whichever are more expensive—-

could then be eliminated with econ-

omy. It has been clearly demonstrat-

ed at several experiment station trials

however, that it pays to feed some

protein feeds with corn when .hogs

are running on clover pastures, but

the amount of protein required can be

furnished by the addition of the ten

per cent of tankage above mentioned.

Both these additional feeds may be

eliminated from the ration of fatten-

ing hogs, but for growing hogs, amlx-

ture of grains is more palatable and

will produce more proﬁtable gains

than a ration which does not afford

such variety.


Rape for Hog Pasture.


What is your opinion in regard to

rape for hog pasture? I sowed a

patch this spring and turned the pigs

in when it was quite wet; they got


sore; people told me that the rape

poisoned them. It is my ﬁrst experi-

once. The pigs seem to like it, and


are doing quite well on it, but are

some sore.

Montcalm Co. SUBSCRIBER.


Rape is an excellent hog pasture,

but where young pigs are turned into

same when the rape is wet with rain

or dew, it sometimes has an irritating

effect on their skin, particularly White

pigs. Generally this is not serious,

however, and with normally dry sum-

mer weather, there should be little

further difﬁculty of this kind. If the

trouble becomes aggravating, it would

be best to keep the pigs off the rape

in wet weather until the effect of the

irritation is no longer evident. Rape

pasture produces very economical

gains when used as hog forage In

combination with a.’ suitable grain

ration.


As the season advances

the corn becomes more solid and dry,"


out ~_.._. ..A .
--_


w... ~--.A. .


"T


AUG. 8,‘ 1914.


L


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Dairy.


ﬁllllllllllllllllIlllllllullIIllllIllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllIlllllllIIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllﬁ

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.


Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli?


lllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllll


CLEAN MILK IN DEMAND.


That more sanitary and better

methods for producing and caring for

the milk supply of this country should

be adopted no one will deny, al«

though many refuse to do it. There

are comparatively few who care for

their cows in a way that would tend

to keep their bodies and udders clean;

but rely wholly upon the strainer to

take from the milk the dirt and filth

that they so carelessly let get into it.


Many good farmers are slovenly,

ﬁlthy men, when it comes to the care

of their cow stables. I sometimes am

inclined to attribute this, in part, to

the fact that they never have, nor

have they ever tried to realize any

proﬁt from their cows. Any old thing

from which they could get a little

milk has answered their purpose.

They have had no particular type or

breed in mind—they have not fed with

any particular object in view. They

have not gotten returns from the lit-

tle feed and care they have given

their cows that would excite energy


'and enthusiasm suﬂicient to carry on


this very important branch of farm-

ing as it should be.

Milk an Economical Food.


It has been but a comparatively

short time since any particular stress

has been put on the food value of

milk. The high cost of living, of

which we have heard and read so

much the past few years, has brought

us face to face with some very im-

portant facts. Among which we have

learned that milk is one of the most

economical, healthful and nutritious

foods—that one quart of milk is near-

ly the equivalent in food value of one

pound of beefsteak; or, in other words

ﬁve to eight cents worth Of milk has

about the same food value that 16 to

25 cents worth of steak has. This

knowledge has, and is, creating a

great demand for pure wholesome

milk. The cities are wanting to know

the source of their milk supply, and

are sending out inspectors who,

where it is necessary, are requesting

and if needs be demanding, a general

clean-up—clean cows, clean barns,

well lighted and ventilated, a Whole-

some supply of feed and pure water

for the cows, a clean place to keep

and cool the milk, that the animal

heat may be gotten out of it as soon

as possible after it is milked. This

will insure the keeping qualites and

ﬂavor of the milk.


Farmer Must Supply Cleaner Milk.


While this means extra work, time

and expense, it certainly is a move in

the right direction. True, we have

lived, for these many years, under

present and possibly worse conditions,

but we must bear in iind that condi-

tions are constantly hanging, that

the demands of the rapidly increasing

population Of this great country must

be met, that agriculture is the founda-

tion of all other business, that from

the farms must come the entire food

supply of the present and future gen-

erations. There is no use trying to

dodge the issue, for it is 11p to the

dairy farmer to supply this demand

for better milk.


There has never been a more po-

portune time for the dairyman to

show to the consumer that he can not

furnish it at present prices, and that

it will be necessary for him to have

more money if he meets their de-

mands. It has been but a few years

since very little milking was done in

the winter time. But high priced land

and the low price paid for summer

milk has brought about a change on

many farms and much more milking

is being done in winter than formerly.


Supply and demand usually make

the price of. any commodity as it has


THE MICHIGANiFARMER


in the past for milk and its preducts.

A big supply in summer meant low

prices. A shortage in winter meant

higher prices. The custom thus form-

ed, regardless of quantity or cost of

production, yet prevails, and you can

rest assured that the consumer will

not be the ﬁrst to change it. This

“rut,” like hundreds of others that the

farmers and dairymen are in, should

be gotten out of, and it will be by

their own effort if they ever get out.


That we should receive 25 cents to

one dollar less per 100 pounds in

summer than in winter, is as absurd

as it needs be. Any dairyman can

prove the above assertion. During

the time we get least for our milk

our time is the most valuable. We

have our crops to care for, we have

ﬂies, hot and dry weather to combat;

help is scarce and \hard to get at any

price. The dairyman who keeps his

herd in good condition, keeps up the

ﬂow of milk, knows he has done some-

thing, and that has cost something,

but the one who has failed to do this

has made a mistake that will cost him

much more. In the winter we have

our silos full, a good supply of alfal-

fa, clOver and other roughage and

grain, with nothing to do but our

chores. Thus it is not hard to ﬁgure


that it costs more to produce milk in >


summer. °

Get Out of the Rut.


The average cow gives less than

5,000 pounds of milk per year, but al-

lowing her that average at $2.00 per

100 pounds, her product would bring

$100. She can be starved but not

properly kept for less than $80 a year,

which would leave $20 for investment

and risk. The loss of one would mean

the proﬁts from four or ﬁve that were

better than the average cow. What

other class of men would do business

on so small and uncertain a margin.

Yet the dairymen of this country are

doing it, as a whole, for fully several

cents per 100 pounds less than$2.00.


Brother Dairymen, what are you go-

ing to do about it, stay in the same

old “rut,” go out of business, or adopt

different methods and meet the de-

mands? Let’s hear from the brethren.


Ohio. L. E. CONNELL.


RATION FOR COWS ON PASTURE.


Will you compound me a ration

from the following feeds: Corn meal,

ground rye, oil meal, old process,

bran. Cows are running on marsh

pasture during the day, and on tim-

othy pasture at night. This is for

Jersey cows giving from 20 to 40 lbs.

of milk per day, testing from ﬁve to

seven per cent. Is ground rye a good

cow feed? Some people say it is as

good as corn meal and others that it

will dry a cow off. F. E.“


Rye is not considered a good grain

for dairy cows. They don’t like it

very well and the don’t do as well

upon rye as they do upon almost any

other grain. Even ground wheat is a

better food for dairy cows than rye.

Therefore, I would not purchase it as

a dairy food if I had to buy grain. On

good succulent pasture I don’t think

it is necessary to feed Oil meal, be-

cause the growing grass has a large

per cent of protein in it. I would pre-

fer to feed corn meal and bran on

pasture to any of the foods mention-

ed. My judgment would be tO mix

corn meal and wheat bran equal parts

by weight. Then feed the cows one-

half pound of this mixture :1. day for

every pound of butter—fat they pro-

duce in a week. 'This will be a very

good ration on good pasture. As the

pasture becomes shorter and is af-

fected by the dry weather then the

grain ration can be increased up to a

winter ration with proﬁtable results.

This would be a pound of grain per

day for every pound of butter-fat pro-

duced in a week. Good dairy cows,

as are indicated by F. E. H.’s letter,

will pay for a good liberal grain ra-

tion on pasture. The grain ration will

not only make them hold up on their

ﬂow of milk but it has accumulative

effect and the cows will do better next

winter from having had the grain ra-

tion in the summer.


the


4%

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. ”When Writing to advertisers lease state that

iohigan Farmer. \


you saw their ad. in The


T‘HE MICHIGAN-FARMERS


.AUG: .8. 1914,.


l .


éllllﬂlllllllllﬂllllmt!IllllllllIlllllllllllllllll|IllllIlllllﬂlllllllllllllIllMlllllllllllﬂlllllllllilllllllHIlllllmilllIIlllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllli.tilllllllﬂﬁllllllllllllﬂllllllllllllllﬂllllﬂlllllllm"Willing '


PraCtical


ﬂlllﬂlllllﬂﬂll


EMMNMHIHIHIWIllllllllllllllllHllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllIllllllIllllllllllllllllllliHIllillllllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllmuﬂlllllllmﬂﬂﬂﬂﬂllﬂlﬂlllﬂﬂlmﬂmlﬂﬂmmﬂllllﬁllg


SOME ABUSES A RESULT OF MOD-

' ERN TEACHING.

BY FLOYD w. ROBISON.


The tendency of advanced agricul-

tural education has rightly been to-

ward making farming pay. It has

been very diliicult indeed to get farm-

ers to consider proﬁt and loss in their

farming accounts. To encourage

thoughtfulness on the part of farmers

along these lines, agricultural experi—

menters and writers have dwelt con-

tinually upon the proposition of keep-

ing rigid accounts of the activities in

the various lines on the farm. Some

have insisted that each ﬁeld by itself

should have a .debit and credit entry

and that each productive animal on

the farm should likewise have a debit

and credit account on the farmer’s

books. With the majority of farmers

we ‘think it essential that some sys-

tem of this kind be developed. Ad-

mirable as this idea has been, like all

progressive ideas, accompanying it

have been certain very set abuses.

These abuses must necessarily devel.

op for they are the result of the adop‘

tion of the working plans of the ultra-

enthusiastic among agricultural work-

ers and writers.


Economical considerations have

been placed way in the foreground

and in order that the farmer shall give

the proper amount of consideration to

the problem of economy it has been

necessary that the farmer’s mind

should be set almost solely on this

one item.


The Importance of Conservation of


Manures.


The conservation of farm manures

is an illustration of the point we are

trying to bring out. So clearly and so

vividly has the question of conserva-

tion of manures been presented by

different individuals to the farmer

that some have considered the loss of

manurial constituents to be little short

of a crime. We think there is no

surer way of getting the farmer to

properly consider the importance of

conservation of manures than to get

him enthusiastic even to this extent

with the subject.


In plain language, it has taken the

sensational man on the subject of

farm manures to acquaint the farmer

with the subject. If experimenters

and writers had been content with

portraying simply the exact truth, and

truth alone, regarding commercial fer-

tilizers, it is doubtful if farmers would

have become thoroughly appreciative

of the great value of manurial conser-

vation. But the over-enthusiastic, the

sensational, if you will, have develop-

ed the theme to such an extent that

the rank and ﬁle have generally be-

come awakened to the real value of

conservation of farm manures.


Farm Sanitation Takes Precedence


Over Conservation.


There are certain sanitary consid—

erations which are antagonistic to the

proper conservation of farm manures

in certain instances, and it has always

been our position that the economic

conservation of farm manures occu-

pies a position second to sanitary con.

siderations. In fact, the most import-

ant consideration of any of these top-

ics is the sanitary consideration.

Therefore, when the conservation of

farm manures runs counter to the

question of farm sanitation, farm san-

itation must take precedence. In most

instances, however, a proper conser-

vation of farm manures likewise ex-

pedites question of sanitation and

health.


The Exercising of Cows.


The dairyman has been taught, and

rightly so, that to secure the best re-

sults from his herd of cows, consider-

able care must be thrown around

them, not only in the stable but- in


Science.


llllllllllllllllllllllll’tlllllll


the yard and farm lot.

sideration as shown by milk pail pro-

duction seems to be, on the whole,

rather in favor of keeping the cows

pretty much in the barn. ‘We think

where short period tests have been

made in nearly every instance a

greater proﬁt from milk production

has been shown where the stock were

not allowed to run at large, and agri-

cultural institute workers and writers

have spread this doctrine pretty thor-

oughly. Certain abuses have, in this


way, crept into the dairy management '


which, it is thought at this time,

dairymen should consider. We feel

certain that for purposes of health as

well as for general humanitarian prin-

ciples the custom in many places of

keeping the stock entirely in the barn

should be very materially modiﬁed.

A proper system followed out in the

matter of exercising dairy cows and

turning them into the open at regu-

lar intervals two or three times a day

will in the end develop a stock with

just as great milk-giving qualities and

which are less susceptible to slight

changes in management.


Modern Dairy Cow Has a Very Deli- .


cate Mechanism.


The greatest fault with the modern

dairy cow is her exceeding delicacy

and for this, dairymen themselves are

to blame, for they have reared the an-

imal and kept her under such condi-

tions that delicacy of ﬁbre and consti-

tution has been the one result to be

expected.


It is time the dairyman began to

think of these things; to think not

only of the immediate economic point

in view, but to think as well of the

health and general welfare of the ani-

mal and the possibility of getting her

into such a condition that slight

changes in management will not cause

gross differences in her performance.


Calves Should be Raised.


Another conSideration which the

economic production of milk has

brought about is the effect upon the

dairy and beef stock production of the

country. Farmers have thought, and

there has been considerable basis for

this opinion, that a calf, particularly

a dairy calf, could not be raised eco-

nomically. This prevailing opinion

has caused farmers generally to sell

the calves for veal at a very early age

and build up their herds by the buy.

ing of grown stock. By so doing it

has not been necessary to divert the

milk from the new milch cow from its

usual channels to what has been con-

sidered an uneconomic source, that is,

the feeding of the young calf. In fact,

we are familiar with instances in

which calves one day old have been

destroyed without consideration of re-

turns whatsoever, for the mere pur-

pose of conserving for economic use

the milk of the cow. This custom,

and it is more of a custom than many

imagine, is repulsive and we bellieve.

as well, an economic mistake. We

think that farmers and dairymen may

well afford to feed their calves milk

oven at the expense of diverting it

from the regular economic channels

until such a time as the calves are

prepared to be put upon a less ex-

pensive ration. We think the‘time

will come when it will be unlawful to

kill healthy calves for any purpose

whatsoever short of a certain deﬁnite

age.


Missed His Trade Paper.


The Michigan Farmer.


Gentlemenz—I am enclosing $2 for

ﬁve ,years’ subscription to The Farm-

er. Have been a month without it

and never missed anything so much

in years.


Yours truly,

W. H. WADE, ,

Grand Junction, Mich.
AUG. 8, 1914.


THE MICHIGAN FARMER


74-103


gillllllllllIIlllIlllllIIllllIIllIIIlllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllll|llIlll||llIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIllll|IlllllllilllllllllllllllHIIIIIIlllllllllllllllllll|IllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE

Hort1culture.

g.”|II|IlIIIllI|IIllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllllIlllllllIll|II|llll|Illllll”llIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllll|lllIIllIllIIlllI|IIlllIIIllllIlllIlIIllI]IllllllllllllllllllllllllllE


Ward Orchard Notes.


The weather the last few weeks has

been ideal for fruit. The cool spell

we had during the latter part of July

seemed to stop the work of the blight

and also checked to a great extent the

spread of the scab. The rains have

furnished moisture to make up what

there might be lacking due to the fact

that we did not keep the orchard well

cultivated this year.


The fruit is developing nicely and

with few exceptions is quite clean.

Due to the fact that we were delayed

in our spraying just after the blos-

sOms, the scab started to develop in

the Wealthy and a few other varieties

on the hill. As soon as we noticed

it we got the spray rigs busy and have

succeeded in checking its spread. Af-

ter the thinning these trees require,

during which the imperfect apples

will be picked off, is done, the fruit

which will remain will develop into a

nice clean crop.


A Codrling Moth Infestation.


Around the large packing shed we

noticed.a rather bad attack of the

codling moth about July 15. They

Were all side worms and were appar-

ently fresh infestations. It was most

noticeable on the ﬁve or six rows sur-

rounding the shed and the worst on

the east side. We were at a loss to

know the cause of this, as these 'rows

had been sprayed at the same time as

the others, but we found What we be-

lieve was the cause of the trouble.

Inside the shed and along the east

wall there were several thousand old

crates and picking baskets in which

the moth passed the winter in the

cocoon stage. When the moths

emerged they laid most of their eggs

on the trees near the shed. We im-

mediately sprayed the rows surround-

ing the shed and have succeeded in

checking the work of the moth.


The Effect of Location on Scab.


The block of trees around the build-

ings is quite scabby, and in as much

as most of these trees got an extra

application of spray at the time of the

second spraying after the blossoms

the only way we can account for it is

that the location is one very favor-

able for the development of the scab.

This orchard is in a hollow and is

hedged and sheltered by the buildings

and a hedge fence, besides the trees

are quite close together.

for very little circulation of air and

therefore prevents the quick drying

of the trees after rains and heavy

dews. While we may have prevented

the scab by more frequent and more

timely sprays, we believe that the com-

parative results between this and the

other parts of the orchard show the

importance of having a location which

has good air drainage and circulation

for fruit growing. There is no doubt

that a favorable location aids greatly

in the control of fruit pests.


Thinning the Duchess and Other


Varieties.


During the latter part of July we

were busy with the thinning'of the

Duchess. These thinnings were. of

good size and were barreled and ship-

ped to Detroit where they brought on

the average of $3.45 per barrel net.

Being well packed and of good‘qual-

ity and size, and getting them to the

market early, were the causes of these

apples bringing the good prices. We


'do not expect to get as high prices


for the main crop, as the market will

be more plentifully supplied then. The

thinned trees showed a great increase

in the size of the fruit remaining, ev-

en a few days after thinning.


We shall undoubtedly be kept busy

thinning for Some time, as both the

,Wealth’y, and Wagener trees are in

needn't it.’ The wealthy trees will be


\


This allows.


thinned ﬁrst as they are the most in

need of it. We have over 5,000 trees

which need thinning.


The Next Spraying.


The August spraying we shall start

shortly after the ﬁrst of August as

the ﬁrst of the codling moths which

we got from the trees we banded

emerged from the cocoons about July

21. As we are to have the State Hort-

icultural Society meet with us August

'6, we may not start the spraying until

immediately after that meeting, as we

have so many other things to at-

tend to.


We are not especially proud of the

present appearance of the orchard. It

is in need of a general slicking up.

We have the mowing machines busy

now cutting Weeds, and have several

men cutting out dead and broken lim

men cutting out dead and broken

limbs. We have been so busy with

essentials, but the little trimming up

it‘ is getting now will greatly improve

its appearance. The tramp may have

an entirely healthy body, but he pre—

sents a bad appearance because his

hair is long and unkempt, and his

clothes ragged. Our orchard is some-

what like the tramp, but we have tak-

en care to not neglect anything which

would affect the general well-being of

the trees and the crop. The barber-

ing process we are getting at as

quickly as we can, but we do not hope

to get all done this year that we

would like to.


TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.


Clay Ground for Apple Trees.


I intend to set out a few apple trees

next spring on the brow of a heavy

clay bank and would like you to ad-

vise me how to prepar'e the soil so as

to get the best results; also, how to

care for the trees. C. N. W.


Fruit trees of most all kinds do well

on soils of a clayey nature._ It seems

that on such soils they are more reg-

ular in bearing and more resistant to

diseases. The chief objection to clay-

ey orchard soils is the hard work in

keeping them in cultivation, therefore,

before setting out an orchard, it

would be advisable to turn under a


heavy crop of green manure so as to,


make the soil more porous and more

workable. There are various crops

one can use for this purpose, prob-

ably at this time of the year a com-

bination of' winter vetch and rye

would be most preferable. This

should be turned down in spring and

the ground well worked before the

trees are set. It is quite important to

give the orchard good cultivation dur-

ing the ﬁrst year, so as to make avail-

able to the trees all the plant food

and moisture possible during the time

-they are getting established in the

soil.


Attention should also be given to

insect pests which might work on the

trees, the most troublesome being the

climbing cutworm. This often causes

serious injury to newly set trees by

eating at the newly opened buds.

These can be controlled by putting

bands of cotton around the trunk of

the tree; sticky ﬂy paper is also used

with success for this purpose.


' Sacking Grapes.


What do you know about sacking

grapes on the vines? Is it a success

or not, and if so, to what effect?


Indiana. A. H.


Sacking grapes is not practical in

a commercial way on account of the

time and expense involved. If grapes


are desired for extra fancy and ex--


hibiting purposes, sacking has some

value. It protects the grapes from

insect and fungus injuries, punctures

by birds, and injuries from rubbing

against wires, etc. The fruit may in-

crease slightly in size but the main

advantage is the protection given‘in

keeping the bunches perfect.


Tom Profit’ 3 Wisdom


‘\ -—powerful.


Hatchet


Toolgrlnder

Price $3.50


Kutter tools for a bit.

(«ﬂ—"ﬁx,


with lief to


Jim Kerr bought an axe in town—just

a common lookin’ sort of an axe with some

\ gilt smeared on the head of it that made it shine

The ﬁrst day he put in with it in

the woodlot took all the gumption out of it,—an’

the edge often it, too.

store an’ sez he “What’s that axe made of”?

H n .

1 Steel, sez Bert Staley.

m“ 30-" an’ they laughed together for an hour over it like

two bulldogs in a mix-up.


KEEN {Kl/Trill?


across the street and he got the reg ’Iar Keen Kutter‘

quality an' a guarantee fer it.

\the dickerin ’an’ I guess he’ll stick pretty clbse to Keen


.,. Keen Kutter axes an’ hatchets an’ he

bought a Keen Kutter tool grinder, too,

for grindin' generally. We can depend on

that guarantee the Simmons people give,


_ he money we’ve shed for any Keen


Kutter tool, any kind, that doesn’t

pan out right.

ness.‘You‘ll allow I'm rig/1t.


awe,”


_1I!Igl:umcw W32"

tildl‘llit, _

li": ‘ v ., 1,


He took it back to the


u ' A

S-t-e—a-l,” sez Jim. Axe

Price


Then Jim bought at “3°


He told me all about


I told him my experience with


the dealer to hand back .


That's square busi-


LIME


Pulverlzed magnesian lime rock for"sonr" soils.

Write for LOW Bummer Prices direct to you from

Muekegon and Benton Harbor. Michigan.


LAKE SHORE STONE (30.. Milwaukee. Wis.


LILLIE’S SPECIALI BRANDS


BUF FALO FERTILIZER


Made from best material. Always reliable.

Lime. Potash. Acid Phosphate. Nitrate of Soda.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory. Ship di-

reel; to farmers in carlota. Fertilizer questions

answered and farm soil surveys made on request.


Colon C. Lillie, Sales Agt., Coopersville, Mich.


Bushel Grates


Made from Elm Timber.

Knocked‘Down or Nailed Up

Nail them yourself.

Save Money.


_Lorge or small orders

receive prompt attention.


Slrulhers Booperago Go.


Romeo. Michigan.


Pedigreed Seed Wheat.


Bred by lhe Michigan Agricullural College.


Highest yielding of several hundred varieties

and selections. $2 per bushel for well cleaned

seed, sacks free. Address

SECRETARY MICHIGAN EXPERIMENT ASSN..


East Lansing, Michigan.


ROSEN RYE.


A new rye bred by the Michigan Agricultural

(Jolie 6 from a. Russian importation, he heads are

well lied and the yield much larger than from the

common varieties. Well cleaned seed for sale at.

SZ‘Eer bushel. sacks free. Address


b ORETARY MICHIGAN EXPERIMENT ASSN.

East Lansing. Michigan.


Seed Wheat


GYPSY WHEAT, grown on Woodland


Farm produced 41 bushels per acre,


absolutely pure and clean.


THE WING SEED COMPANY

Box 542 Mechanicsburg, Ohio


WINTER SEED WHEAT


KRARKOV YIELDS 60 T0 70 BU. PER ACRE

Yield guaranteed. Write for catalog and circular. de-

ocribingthe most wonderful variety ever introduced in

the U. S..BERRY'S IMPROVED KHARKOV. Just im-

ported direct from Russia. Has no equal. Largest yielder

known and withstands the severest winters. Have im-

roved Turkey Red. other varieties and Mammoth White

“ye. Large stock Alfalfa. Timothy and all Grace Seed.

rite for circular. free cum les. special low prices.


A. A. Berry Seed Co..


.,/.


ox 131‘ Clarinda. Iowa


Now is IE9 Eime '0 get ready to sow alfnlla. July an;


August good months. Get our book, Alfalfa. The Wonder

Crop, Free. Full information on how to successfully

grow alfalfa. How to prepare the ground. protect and

harvest. Earn 7% net on $1,000 an acre. Also tells about

"NITRAGIN." the famous Inoculator. Write today.


wloway Erna-Bowman 00.. 185 Galloway Station. Waterloo Iowa


SEED WHEAT.


GOEING WHEAT—A bearded variety of red

wheat. Splendid yields. very hardy. stiff straw

never lodges. The best wheat. I ever grew. Sen

for sample and prices.


COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersville. Michigan.


PURE FIELD SEEDS


Seed Wheat—Red Wave. Poole and Winter King:

Clover. Timothy. Alnike. Alfalfa and all kinds of Pure

Field Seeds direct from producer to consumer; free

from noxious weeds. Ask for samples. BIG TYPE

Palnnd Chinae. March and April ins at reasonable

prices. A. C. HOYT & (30.. F STORIA. OHIO.


—You should get the highest grade

of limestone manufactured. Buy

it upon the basis of analysis. We

manufacture the highest grade. pul-


verized limestone sold in ichigan.

Let. us prove it. Ask for sample and analysis.


CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian River. Mich.


PULVERIZED LIMESTONE


Extra Quality—Quick Service—Attractive Price.

D. O. MARKLEY.

862 Division Ave. S. Grand Repidl. Mich.


Potato Crates.


_ Price of. 25 l00 [000

Nalled ........................ $3.50 $12.50 5120

Fish... 2.90 ll 00 I00


"FL '63 '1'3'. Erik's; 3.3.“... Terms. ca'sn


M. H. HUNT & SON Lansing, Mich.

FRUIT GROWER “£05.35:


ship to E. L. RICHMOND 00.. Dept. A. Detroit_

'00 Big ‘p In 39—0rdered this month. 86 paid. with


order. Strawberry for Au t.

Wholesale Nurseries. Bloomingdale. M 21:.


setting.

SEED. pure white and biennial


SWEET yellow. Prices and circular how


6 LOVE R ”31%;”, ‘hEi‘ti‘és’i ’ir“.‘i‘?.i§ucii.v°‘i€§i


‘3

a


1" -rc.


kn


2.; "

x“.

.


\D.


\\\.


xi


\\

$5


.‘,/,;l, ,« 2: >


3:33:

. .


That will increase your yield 20 to 50% over old sorts.

of the wheat ﬁeld, ontyiclriing every other sort known 10 to 20 bushels per acre.

‘ as rye. big square heads with 50 to 80 grains.


Our Red Wave has become famous the world over. We also oﬂer such old -

erated as Poole, Farmers Friend, etc. Also Mammoth White Rye. valuable sorts regen


Our Seed Wheats have been brought to their high standard of excellen '

grading._ We have the best and most up-to-datc grading machinery knownﬁeatlityi ﬁzﬁiPlISShﬁtgfnszgg

sent out is thoroughly graded so you get the very cream of the crop, that will give RESULTS.


Wonderful New Seed Wheats


GRAND PRIZE, the wizard

Hardy


’ for full line of Seed Wh t . d ‘ ‘


GetAOur Low Prices Alfalfa. Sweet Clover €2.3n?’ia%23°612$Zi¥§£leiii£3i5‘58"“'


MAPLEWOOD SEED FARMS, R. F. D.

h


t , ALLEGAN, MICHIGAN


Cabbage Worms Destroyed by Dust-

in with H ammond’s Slug Shot


So used for 30 years. SOLD BY ALL SEED DEALERS.


{fig‘émﬁi’ifffliﬁifi a. muoun, Flshltlll-on-Iludson, New York.
104-8


1:;


/


T H E M IC‘HIGAN ,. FARM ER


"L. 3:.


AUG." 8. 1914."?


abound in Set-via was concerned. Up-


The Michigan F armer ' on the virtual declaration of war by


Established 1843. Copywrizht 191’4.


The Lawrence Publishing Co.


Editors and Proprietors.


39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit .Michltan

TELEPHONE MAIN 4523.


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M, ]. LAWRENCE .................................... President

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BURT WERMUI‘H.. Assoicate

F. A. WILKEN .................................... 0... Editors

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E H, HOUGHTON .......................... Business Manager


TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

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and make all drafts cheeks and postoﬂice orders payable to.

The Lawrence Publishing Co.


We never. unless through error. send The Michigan

Farmer beyond the date subscribed to—our subscription price

being always due in advance. and sample copies always free.

No bills will ever be sent should a subscription through

error be continued after expiration.


RATES OF ADVERTISING:


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Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

postoﬂice.


DETROIT, AUG. 8, 1914.


A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF

THE WEEK.


The Army Worm and Its Natural

Enemy.——The story of the army

worm and the parasites which

usually keep it in check, with

reasons for the recent outbreak 97


Sweet Clover for Weedy Pastures.

—Examples of conditions under

which this recently appreciated

legume could be used to advan-

tage ........................... 100


Clean Milk in Demand—An appeal

to dairymen to supply a cleaner

and more wholesome product to

meet modern demand as a ﬁrst

step toward promoting a better

proﬁt from the dairy ........... 101


Some Abuses a Result of Modern

Teaching—Comments on modern

farm practices and a discussion

of the problem of interesting the

public in scientiﬁc problems. . . .102


Among the Temples and Mosques

of Egypt—An article of educa-

tional value and human interest

bearing on an ancient civiliza-

tion ............................ 105


Don’t Kill the Setting Hem—The

hen that is a setter is also a lay-

er, and her future usefulness

makes her preservation an econ-

omy ........................... 109


New York's Rigid Apple Market

Law.-——The text of the New York

law governing the packing and

marketing of the apple crop....112


CURRENT COMMENT. "


The marvelous alacri-

ty with which serious

international compli-

cations may arise is

startlingly well illustrated in Euro-

pean developments of the past week.

Suddenly there has been precipitated

a situation which to one not a close

student of European politics is almost

inexplicable, and today a general war

is on among the powers of continental

Europe which promises to be the

greatest and most deadly conﬂict in

the world’s history. The immediate

cause of the present situation was the

recent murder of the crown prince of

Austria and his wife, following an un-

successful attempt upon the lives of

the royal couple by fanatical citizens

of Servia. This little country refused

to comply with the demands of the

Austrian government relating to an

international investigation of the

crime, which the Servians contend

was a personal act for which the gov-

ernment is not responsible, while the

Austrians as ﬁrmly assert that it was

the result of a plot in which one of

the powerful political societies which


The European

War.


Austria, Russia at once commenced to

mobilize her great army at the border

and failed .to heed Germany’s ultima-

tum that she cease mobilization with-

in 24 hours, whereupon Germany be-

came an active factor in the quarrel,

and France, ‘due to the rankling of a

well-earned hatred for Germany, at

once arrayed herself on the other side

of the controversy. At the present

writing England has not ofﬁcially an-

nounced her attitude, while Italy has

signiﬁed her intention of maintaining

a strict neutrality. But the spirit of

war pervades all Europe and these

countries will be fortunate indeed, if

they are able to keep out of the

conﬂict.


As above noted. the real underlying

causes of the war which has so sud-

denly involved all Europe, go far back

and beyond the misguided criminals

who now lie in Servian prisons, all

but forgotten in the mighty storm

which their acts caused to break over

Europe. Space will not permit a full

discussion of those causes at this

time. It is enough that the world is

actually confronted with a condition

of war between several of its greatest

powers, a condition which would be

in nowise alleviated by an elaboration

of any number of theories regarding

the underlying causes. The fact itself

is most regrettable, and one for which

those who have precipitated it will

doubtless repent when the conse-

quences of the conﬂict are weighed.

And to the world at large, speculation

regarding those consequences is of

greater present interest than a study

of the underlying causes of the con-

ﬂict.


The consequences to Europe are

bound to be most disastrous. The cost

in the lives of men and in money is

sure to be enormous. Immense arm-

ies will operate in a thickly populated

and well developed country with good

roads and excellent transportation fa.

cilities and with modern equipment

for the destruction of life and prop-

erty which makes the seemingly in-

evitable result disturbing to contem-

plate. The cost of such a war in

human life, in money and in the de‘

vastation of the country is almost in-

comprehensible. In fact, the very cost

in money is held by some authorities

to insure that the conﬂict will be

brief.


That a great war, such as the pres

ent European struggle promises to be,

will have a world-wide effect is cer-

tain. Many able ﬁnanciers are already

prophesying disastrous results to busi-

ness in the United States as a result of


the European disturbance, while oth-.


ers predict just the Opposite result.

An analysis of the situation from the

standpoint of our agricultural indus-

try alone would seem to support the

latter opinion. Undoubtedly the for-

eign demand for gold will be so great

as to draw heavily upon our reserves

of this metal, but with the steps which

will be taken for the issuing of emer-

gency currency under existing laws

this should not impair the volume of

our circulating medium to any extent.

There will also doubtless be a large

emigration of foreigners who will re-

turn to their native countries to par-

ticipate in the ﬁght, which fact may

be felt in the future labor market.

But there will also be needed large

quantities of foodstuffs for the sup-

port of the troops in the ﬁeld, if not

for that of the non-combatants in the

European countries involved, due to

the heavy draft which will be made on

the agricultural population to recruit

the armies, to say nothing of the de«

vastating effect upon the agriculture

of large sections of the country as a

result of actual military operations.

On the other hand, the vicissitudes of

a general European war will make the

carrying on of foreign trade, even in

foodstuffs, an uncertain proposition,

while other departments ,of foreign

trade are almost certain to be demor-

allzed for an indeﬁnite period. But


this, in turn, will stimulate a greater

demand for domestic goods of many

kinds. In fact, any attempt to an-

alyze the situation is largely futile on

account of the uncertain and indeter-

minate factors encountered, for the

correct weighing of which there is no

precedent. It is at least a. matter for

sincere congratulation that the geo-

graphical situation of our country in-

sures against any but the indirect con-

sequences of this deplorable struggle,

during which we can do no better

than to pursue the even tenor of our

way in the production of foodstuffs,

using our best judgment in the matter

of marketing same, regardless of the

feverish excitement of the specula-

tive market.


There are at pres-

Federal Aid in ent pending in the

Road Building. two houses of Con-


gress, two hills

which embody a plan for federal aid

in road building which has been pre-

viously mentioned in these columns.

This is the plan recommended by Sen-

ator Bourne who was chairman of a.

joint committee having under consid-

eration this proposition of federal aid

in road building, which is embodied

in the Shackleford bill before the

House, as well as the Senate bill.

Brieﬂy reiterated, this plan provides

for the issuing of 50-year three per

cent bonds by the federal government

to the amount of $500,000,000 to pro-

vide a fund which would be advanced

to the several states to be used in

road building under certain prescrib-

ed conditions. These conditions would

require the states to issue four per

cent bonds in the amount of their at-

lotment, which bonds would be depos-

ited with the federal gOVernment as

security. The difference in therate

of interest would be used to create a.

sinking fund for the purpose of retir-

ing the state bonds at maturity. In

reality, the federal government would

not be expending anything in this

plan of aiding in road building, and

the states would only have to pay the

interest on the amount advanced by

the government for a ,period of 50

years, when the accumulated sinking

fund would retire the bonds.


This is a lesson in high ﬁnance on

which the average man could reﬂect

with proﬁt, since it is a large example

of the cumulative result of savings.

While it is not probable that these

bills will receive serious considera-

tion at the hands of the present Con-

gress, their presence before that body

shows the trend of congressional

thought 'on this important subject.

Some statistics recently collected by

the United States Department of Ag-

riculture show equally well that it is

in harmony with public thought on

the same subject in the several states.

According to the statistics above men-

tioned approximately $206,000,000 was

spent in permanent road improvement

last year, as compared with $79,000,-

000 in 1904, which is an increase of

over 250 per cent in ten years. Also,

these ﬁgures show that the percent-

age of the total road mileage of the

country which has been permanently

improved is greater than is appreciat-


ed by the average well informed per- y


son. According to the Department’s

estimate there are a total of 2,226,842

miles of roads in the United States,

of which 223,774 miles, or' approxi‘

mately 10 per cent, are classed as im.

proved roads.


In the event of the passage of a bill

embodying this plan for federal aid in

the ﬁnancing of road improvement by

the several states, some 27 states, of

which Michigan is one, would ﬁnd

themselves unable to meet the re

quirements of the plan without

amending their fundamental law, be-

ing prohibited by their constitutions

from borrowing money for the mak-

ing of internal improvements.


The biennial convention of the Anti-

Saloon League of America, will be

held at Atlantic City, N. J., in July of

next year. It is expected that 30,000

delegates will attend. .


: following t


HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.


Foreign.


The European Warn—Four great

European powers are‘ now at war and

other countries are likely to become

involved at any moment. Austria-

Hungary deﬁlared war upon Servia


e assassination of the

.crown prince of the former country,

and his wife, while they were travel-

ing through the streets of Belgrade.


By the terms of an alliance Russia

was honor bound to assist Servia, in

trouble of this kind, and she promptly

began mobilizing her troops to move

against Austria. At this Germany,

through a similar alliance with Aus-

tria, takes up the cause of the latter

country and declares war against Rus-

sia. It further appears that Germany

is taking advantage of the situation

'by moving troops across the French

border to attack Paris, while France

is mobilizing her forces in self-defense.

In spite of the movement of troops

"across the French border no war has

been declared by either country and

as a consequence England is undecid-

ed as to what her position will be.

She will likely oppose the aggressive

party, and it would seem from this

that her fortunes will be joined with

France and against Germany. Japan

is ready to co-operate with England

should the interests of the latter coun-


.‘2‘


try in the Far East require the protec- ,


tion of the Nippon government. Italy

is endeavoring to remain neutral and

so are Belgium and (Switzerland, al-

though the latest report is that Ger-

man forces have invaded the two last

named countries which will reuire at

least a defensive action on their part.

German warships defeated the Rus-

sian ﬂeet in the North Sea on Mon-

day and the boats are now bombard-

ing Libau.


The latest reports from Mexico in«

dicate that the Constitutionalists are

closing in on Mexico City from three

points. There appears. to be a great

deal of scepticism as to the ability of

the leaders of the different factions in

Mexico to get together on terms of


peace, although many believe peace-


will be brought about in a short time.

National.


Property damage to the extent of

$100,000, and one life, were the toll of

a. cloudburst near Colorado Springs,

Colo., Sunday night.


The Interstate Commerce Commis-

sion has rendered its railroad rate de-

cision after considerable delay. The

decision allows the advances asked by

the railroads for trafﬁc west of Buf-'

falo, Pittsburg and Charleston, W. Va...

while for trafﬁc east of these points

the requests were denied absolutely.

It is now expected that the railroads

will begin a campaign for advances

in passenger fares, this having been

suggested by the commission.


The United States government is

taking precautions to assist and pro-

tect American tourists and business

men who are in Europe and become

marooned by the declaration of war.

The State Department will accept de-

posits of cash to be placed to the

credlit of such Americans who are in

nee .


Railroad engineers on lines in Illi-

nois and to the west are considering

the proposition of going out on strike,

with the probability that such a move

will materialize this week. The order

would affect 55,000 men.


Congress is considering legislation

to prevent the suspension of trans-At-

lantic shipping and an embargo on

the movement of American crops dur-

ing hostilities in Europe. An effort

will also be made in Congress to

amend the Panama Canal Act to per-

-mit foreign ships to take American

registry.


This week the Navy Department

will submit plans and seek bids for

the construction of three United

States dreadnaughts. One of the ships

will be built at the New York navy


ard.


With the fall election in Maine

scarcely six weeks away, leaders of

all political parties now have their

eyes on that state.


Mr. Clyde A. Waugh, assistant edi-

tor of the Ohio Farmer, has accepted

a position with the Middle West Soil


Improvement Committee, with head-.


quarters at Chicago, as manager of its

editorial and publicity department.

Mr. Waugh is well known to many

Michigan Farmer readers through his

contributions to this paper previous

to his ofﬁcial connection with the

Ohio Farmer.


The Board of Experts, appointed by

the National Riﬂe Association to de-

cide upon the ammunition to be used

by the American riﬂe team in the con-

test for «the historic Palms. troghy,

which is to be 81101; at Ottawa, sn-


ada, next September, has selected the'


cartridges made by the Winchester

"Repeating Arms Company. The board

recently held a competitive test of


various makes of ‘ cartridgve's at Sea

Girt, N. J ., and in the test


cartridges outshot all. others.


._).,..'


' , ’ .,' .m,4.._«..,_ “I“ . .t‘hy, ,~ g. ..


inchester ‘


‘71"’,.;_»1 . x.
4,.


LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY ana

INFORMATION


mhlLKEH ED wEEKLY-


Fuel-15”


URN'AZ:


sﬂzp I843


'Magazirie Section


‘I7Ie FARM BOY

an?) GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL


ﬁmgazine Section forms a part of our paper every week.


livery article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere


Among the Temples and Mosques of Egypt.


By PROF. ALFRED VIVIAN.


innumerable monuments of Egypt


during the last century indicate

with ever growing certainty, that the

alley of the Nile was the cradle of

history and of human culture. No-

where else can be found temples and

monuments which were built more


SCIENTIFIC investigations of the


. than ﬁve thousand years ago, and no


other country has a well preserved

historical record reaching back for so

many centuries. The visitor to Egypt

is bewildered by the number and mag-

niﬁcence of the ruins of these an-

cient archictctural wonders,


mids, but the technical knowledge dis-

played in their construction and the

might of the kings who could com-

mand such thousands of workmen

compel the admiration.


The view from the pyramids is re-

markably interesting and striking——

“There is perhaps no other prospect

in the world in which life and weath,

fertility and desolation, are seen in so

close juxtaposition and in such mark-

ed contrast. To the west and south


lages, palm groves and ﬁelds of the

valley of the Nile. Towards the east

glitters the river, on each bank of

which stretches a tract of rich arable

land, luxuriantly clothed with blue-

green vegetation, the ﬁelds intersect-

ed in every direction by canals, on the

banks of which rise stately palms,

waving their ﬂexible fan-like leaves,

and interlacing their shadows over

the fellah villages perched like ant-

hills on embankments and mounds. In


the natural rock, with added blocks of

stone.‘ It is suposed that the natural

rock had somewhat of this form and

that an ancient king improved the re«

semblance to the lion and had the

face carved in his own likeness. The

body is 187 feet long and the height

to the top of the head is 66 feet. Be-

tween the paws is an altar, and a

granite temple has been unearthed

about 50 yards to the southeast of it.

The Sphinx has been more than once

covered by the drifting sands of the

desert and even now constant labor is

required to prevent its being

again hidden from View.


for nothing he has seen here- _.,,_


tofore has prepared his mind

for the comprehension of the

immense scale on which these

monuments were constructed.


Every school boy is more or

less familiar with the appear—

ance of the Sphinx and Pyra-

mids from the illustrations

found in the geographies, and

naturally the ﬁrst desire upon

reaching Cairo is to go imme-

diately to visit the Pyramids of

Gizeh—the group most fre-

quently pictured, and at the

same time the most easily

reached and most interesting

of all the pyramids. The Great

Pyramid of Cheops belongs to

this group and is the largest

one of all.


Shall it be confessed that

the ﬁrst view of the pyramids

is disappointing? They stand

out on a large open plateau on

the edge of a desert, many

miles in extent, which furnish-

es no object that the eye can

use for comparison. The con-

sequence is that on approach-


Portion of the Ruins of the Temple of Luxor.


Not far from here was lo-

cated Memphis, the ancient

capital of Egypt, and the old-

est city of which there is any

historical record. The won-

derful monuments and tem-

ples of this city have been al-

most entirely destroyed, and

the materials of which they

were composed used in the

construction of the Mohamme‘

dan mosques, castles and pal-

aces of Cairo. At a later date

Thebes, 450 miles farther up

the Nile became the center of

Egyptian life. Thebes was lo-

cated at or near what is now

the city of Luxor on the east

bank of the Nile.


Some of the greatest monu-

ment builders among the

Egyptian kings lived at Thebes

and the temple ruins to be

found here are probably the

most wonderful in the world.

The worship of Ammon reach-

ed its height here and most of

the temples are dedicated to

this god. The Temple of Am-


ing them it is impossible to

realize their size, and as the

tremendous proportions of the

great pyramid are emphasized

in all the descriptions the feel-

ing of disappointment is quite

pronounced. When the base of

the pyramid is actually reach—

ed, however, and especially af-

ter a walk around it, the dis-

appointed feeling suddenly dis-

appears and the longer the vis-

itor remains the more he be-

comes impressed With the gi-

gantic dimensions of this pile

of stone which was erected to

be the ﬁnal resting place of

one frail man.


The pyramids are the oldest

monuments of human industry.

The Great Pyramid was built

nearly 3,000 years before Christ.

The base is 768 feet square.

The original height was 482

feet, and the base covers an

area of 13 acres. It is prac-

tically a solid mass of lime-

stone for the chambers occupy

but a'small space. Heredotus

says that it required thirty

years to build it, and that 100, 000 men

were required for three months of

each year to move the stone from the

quarries on the east side of. the Nile

River to the site of the pyramid,

which is on the west side. It has been

calculated that it contains 2,300,000

separate blocks of stone each contain-

ing forty cubic feet. There is nothing

especially beautiful about the pyra-


The Pyramids at Gizeh.


extend yellowish brown and glaring

tracts of sands, interspersed with bar-

ren cliffs. The huge and colorless

monuments erected here by the hand

of man remind the spectator, like the

desert itself, of death and eternity.

On a bare plateau of rock stands the

Sphinx, rearing its head from the

sand, like some monster suffocated by

the dust. To the north are the vil-


the direction of Cairo runs the long

straight carriage road, while immedi-

ately before rises the Citadel with its

striking minarets, and the Kokattam

hills, which form the chief mass of

color in the landscape.


The Sphinx is, next to the pyra-

mids, the most famous monument of

Egypt. It is a recumbent lion with

the head of a man and is hewn out of


mon at Karnak was considered

the most striking creation of

an age famous for its archi-

tectural achievements and it is

said that to this day no other

building in the world can

match its dimensions. The

wonderful lotus and papyrus

columns, carved out of solid

granite, which are still stand-

ing command the admiration of

the beholder. Fortunately,

these ruins are in a better

state of preservation than are

those farther down the Nile.

Old Rameses II who lived

about 1? 00 B. C. was the great

master builder of them all. He

built new temples right and

left, as well as trying his hand

at repairing and adding to the

older ones. It is said that he

did not hesitate to occasional-

ly scratch out a predecessor’s

name from a temple and to put

his own in its place. He was

not especially handicapped by

modesty either, for all of his

temples represent him upon in-

timate terms with the gods.

According to his own story, he was

What the American street urchin

would call “some ﬁghter,” for he rep-

resents himself as, single handed and

alone, destroying a choice collection

of‘several hundred of his enemies. In

one of the temples he placed some 30

or 40 colossal statues of himself vary-

ing from 24 to 45 feet in height, and

others without number are found in
106—10


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FARMER


different temples in this district. He

also represents himself~sublimest

egotism of all—as a. farmer holding a

plow and preparing the soil for the

After all, he did things and

much in the way of egotism can be

forgiven a man who really accom-

plishes something. Ramses II is sup-

posed by many to be the Pharoah of

the Oppression mentioned in Exodus

I-ii. His mummy may be seen in the

museum at Cairo. He certainly ac-

complished his purpose of perpetuat-

ing his own memory.


On the west side of the river at

Luxor are the Tombs of the Kings

and' Queens. These are the burial

places of the rulers reigning about

1500-1000 B. C. and are in marked con-

trast to the pyramids which were the

tombs of earlier dynasties. The

“Tombs of the Kings” are located in

a valley in the limestone hills and are

carved out of the solid rock.


They each consist of a series of

rooms and corridors hewn into the

rock and are very elaborate in design,

representing an enormous amount of

labor. The walls from the entrance

to the ﬁnal chamber are covered with

sacred pictures and text, a knowledge

of which was considered essential for

the deceased in the future life. The

deceased had to sail through the un-


of the scenes and texts described this

voyage and instructed them as to the

exact route. In the ﬁnal chamber of

one of these tombs (that of Ameno-

phis II) may still be seen the mummy

lying in the sarcophagus in the exact

spot where it was placed upon the

king’s death more than 3,000 years

ago, a gruesome but an impressive

sight. The tomb is now illuminated

by electricity for the beneﬁt of visit-

ors and we could not resist wondering

What Mr. Amenophis would think if

he were to awaken and ﬁnd his tomb

lighted by “hairpins burning in a.

bottle” as the Irishman expressed it.


One of the most striking sights in

this locality is the Colossi of Memnon.

These two immense ﬁgures are 52

feet in height and stand by themselves

in the midst of cultivated ground. At

one time they stood in front of atem-

ple which has now entirely disap-

peared. These two tremendous statues

are visible for miles in every direc-

tion and as they stand there surround-

ed by green ﬁelds, with the fellahin,

tiny in contrast, driving their equally

tiny oxen round and round them, they

make a picture long to be remem-

bered.


After a visit to these monuments

the oldest buildings in Cairo seem

very new in contrast, and yet some

of them are well over a thousand

years old. Cairo is a city of mosques,

of which over a hundred are found

within its precincts. It is obviously

impossible to visit all of them and

the visitor is forced to select a few of

the most important. One, of the most

interesting of them all is the Mosque

of el-Azher which since 988 A. D. has

served as a University. Here about

10,000 students gather to be taught

the Koran. Like all the mosques this

one is built around a rectangular

court, the sides consisting of many

columned arcades. In the spaces be-

tween these columns are held the

classes. The professor sits cross—leg-

ged on a straw mat and reads from a

book placed on a desk before him.

The principal instruction consists in

making the student commit to mem-

ory the Koran—the sacred book of

the Mohammedan. The students who

are not attending classes sit around

in groups studying aloud, and sway-

ing their bodies to and fro all the

time as they think the movement of

the body assists the memory. As

there are always several thousand

people in the mosque and as most of

them study aloud or are reciting, it

may be imagined that the place is not

much short of bedlam. The students

spend most of their time while in the

building, eating their meals and-many


even sleeping on the ﬂoor. Little ex.


derworld at night in a boat and many.


and 8. 1914. V


cruise is taken for the Egyptian can-

not understand why one should exer-

cise who is not compelled to work.

Four, six and sometimes even twelve

years are spent by students in this

place. There is nothing in this me—

thod of education that encourages in-

dependent thought, and the students

are the mere recipients of the knowl—

edge of the past or, in other words,

their minds are occupied with the

lowest grade of intellectual work,

their chief task being the compilation


'of knowledge handed down to them.


The Citadel, which is located on a

high hill commanding the city is

worthy of a visit if only to see Cairo

as it is bathed in the golden light of

sunset. We used to think that the

painter of the Egyptian sunset al-

lowed his paint brush to run riot the

way he put on the unimaginable yel-

lows and reds, but it would be prac-

tically impossible to overcolorapaint—

ing of these sunsets. The dust-laden

air combines with the sands of the

desert to produce sunset tints that are

seen nowhere else in the world. It is

worth a trip to Egypt to see the sun-

sets alone. The Citadel contains an

alabaster mosque built by Mohammed

Ali, whose graceful minarets are con-

spicuous for long distances, and a

good view is here obtained of the

Mosque of Sultan Hasan which lies

below and which is supposed to be the

ﬁnest example of its style of archi-

tecture.


One of the most interesting mos-

ques is that of Amr although it is in a

very poor state of preservation. This

mosque had originally 366 large mar~

ble columns some of which have been

destroyed. In front of the pulpit is

one column surrounded by an iron

railing. The guide says that the Cal-

iph Omar who built the mosque, being

a descendant of the prophet Moham-

med, ordered all the columns to ﬂy

through the air from the quarry to

their places in the mosque. All the

columns obeyed but this one which

refused, whereupon Omar whipped it

until it also ﬂew to its place. In mem-

ory of its disobedience all the faithful

who came to the mosque took a turn

at whipping the column until it was

beginning to wear away, so a few

years ago the Khedive took pity upon

the naughty column, placed the rail«

ing around it, and issued an order

that no one should again chastise it.

Perhaps We smiled slightly for the

guide said very solemnly: “That is

not for fun. That is a true story for

I have read it in my book."


Cairo is full of architectural sur-

prises. Wandering down a dirty, dil-

apidated street you suddenly come up-

on a bit of exquisite old carving or a.

balcony of rare beauty, 21 part of what

was sometime no doubt a palatial res-

idence. Many times the balconies

nearly meet overhead, the streets are

so narrow. The bazars are located in

narrow alleys, generally covered over

with an awning to shade them from

the sun, and ﬂanked with shops six

or eight feet wide. Each locality is

given over to one kind of ware—all

the brass for instance, being found in

one bazar.


The everyday life of the street is

full of interest and amusement to the

westerner. The throngs of men and

women and children, with their pecu-

liar clothing; the donkeys and cam-

els jostling each other; the water car-

riers with their goat skin vessels; the

women with jars of water on their

heads; the jingling of the money on

the tables of the money changers; the

vendors of fruit and food materials,

and the hundred other sights keep

the visitor’s head turning from side to

side and, incidentally, keep him dodg-

ing from right to left if he is on foot.


It will be an unusual day if a wed-

ding procession is not seen with the

camels and drums going on before

and the happy bridegroom riding be~

hind, the cynosure of all eyes. The

bride, by the way, has no part in this

procession.


Almost any time of the day a tu-
. \


RUG-8.1914» THE MICHIGAN FARMER 11-107

:neral procession passes by. The a merchant he will have the front of :uq

corpse is borne on a bier carried upon his shop decorated with pictures de- ,

the shoulders of four men. The corpse scribing the terrors of the excursron . 0 Fall Series

is preceded by professional mourners (most of which was probably per— e0 6 1 $1,175 Equipped

who walk in twos and threes ata slow formed on railroad and steamboat). p, 0. Running

pace chanting to a weird tune these That cry is the muezzin announcing : _..L_ a


Words, “There is no God but God.

Mohammed is the ambassador of God;

God be gracious to him and pre-

serve him.” After the bier come pro‘

fessional mourning women chanting

and shrieking and weeping. As the

weepers often forget their duty and

carry on a laughing conversation the

whole performance seems decidedly

lacking in reverence and solemnity.


This procession coming down the

street with the band playing in front

and the gentlemen with the decorated

carriage and self-satisﬁed air is to cel-

ebrate the return of that worthy from

his pilgrimage to Mecca. Henceforth

‘he will be a man greatly to be respec-

ted as well as having his soul forever

saved through his pilgrimage. If he is


lllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|ll|||I|llllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll"llllllllIll!”llllﬂlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllll


A Friend Indeed


N a very large chair sat a very

small boy. The June sun smiled

at him straight down through the

branches of the old apple tree but re-

ceived no answering smile. Perhaps

a boy who has sprained his ankle on

his third day in the country can be

forgiven if he does not feel like smil-

ing—even at the warm, friendly sun.


Uncle John was working in the gar-

den just beyond the ,fence. “To be

the only boy on a big farm like this

and a sick one at that, is what I call

hard luck," he conﬁded to a thrifty

tomato plant. “A lonesome child just

makes my heart ache. Now, this

morning, when I turned those big

calves out to pasture the look little

Brown Beauty gave me was enough

to—the idea of a great man like me

talking in this way!” And Uncle

John attacked a stubborn weed sav-

.agely.


Suddenly the “great man” stopped

short. He looked again at the little

boy with the sober face; then he

threw down his hoe, walked rapidly

to the barnyard, and opened wide the

gate.


“Two lonesome children on Happy

Hill Farm!" he exclaimed to the small

calf standing in a shady corner.

“Whoever heard such nonsense in this

wide world! You just come with me,

you forsaken pet.”


When the calf found itself in the

fairyland of green things it kicked up

.its heels and ran for joy over the

soft grass. Several times it looked

sharply at the ﬁgure in the big chair.


“What is that?” it seemed to say.

“It looks like something alive but I

never saw a live object that could

keep still like that. I can’t.” And up

the tiny heels would ﬂy again.


“Two is company, three is a crowd,”

said Uncle John, smiling at Robert’s

eager face. “I must go to work."


Little Brown Beauty was a real

question mark. It nosed all about the

fence and examined every tree, that

is, every tree but the one under which

sat the still little boy. But whenever

the boy called it would look up as

much as to say, “I should like to

know what that is but I guess I’d bet-

ter be on the safe side.”


At last Robert gave it up; he could

not go to the_calf and the calf would

not come to him. His head drooped,

he was fast asleep; but ﬁfteen min-

utes later when he awoke he looked

straight into a pair of big round eyes.


The boy hardly dared to move but

he reached two ﬁngers toward the

nose that was thrust out so expec-

tantly. He could not touch it and

could reach no farther. But the calf

timidly took a step forward. Yes, the

still little boy ‘Was all right, after all.

It seemed so good to be petted again.

How soft the little boy's hand felt as


.it stroked the upturned face and the


fat little neck!

Until the troublesome ankle was


from the minarets of the mosque that

this is the time for prayer, and the

good Mohammedan spreads his rug

and says his prayers wherever he may

be. Incidentally, the more public the

place the better, for he does not be-

lieve in the closet method of praying.

Your attention need not be called

to the beggars for they are present

everywhere. The ﬁrst word the child

learns is “backsheesh” (a gift) and he

repeats it to 'every White face he sees

until the end of his life. These miser-

able, insistent, ﬁlthy beggars do their

best to rob a visit to Egypt of much

of its pleasure. At the same time the

tourist is doing much to pauperize a

people who are already too Willing to

forego the joys of manual labor.


BY

MARY SHERBURNE WARREN


well Little Brown Beauty did its best

to entertain the boy. It chased out

every chicken that ventured inside

the fence; it stood very still while the _

boy decorated it with chains made

from the daisies and buttercups Aunt

Molly gathered for him; it lapped the

little boy’s hands—and face, too——

there was nothing better to do; and,

when it lay down, it always chose its

green bed close to the big chair. In-

deed, it was a very comforting little

calf!


When Robert was able to run

about once more he whispered some-

thing in Uncle John’s ear. The man

shook his head at ﬁrst, then remem-

bered that he once was a boy.


“That’s a pretty ﬁne calf,” he said.

“I should hate to have it run away

and get lost but if you are perfectly

sure——”


Run away! Robert ﬂew to the or-

chard gate and opened it just Wide

enough for a small body to squeeze

through. Run away! What calf would

care to run away with Happy Hill

Farm to explore by the side of avery

inquisitive small boy? Such days in

the hayﬁeld, such berry-picking days,

such days by the brook! The two

could hardly be separated for the

short summer nights.


The ﬁrst day of September when

Robert left the farm for his home in

the city he hugged Little Brown Beau-

ty close and whispered, “I’m so glad

I sprained my ankle because it made

us acquainted. You’ve been ’xactly as

good as a boy.”


A RAZOR SNAP.


A good imported German Razor at

35 cents sounds impossible, but while

the present supply lasts the Michigan

Farmer makes this remarkable offer.


The razors are made of the best

German steel, ﬁve-eighth-inch blade,


and black handle. We will not say

just what these razors ordinarily re-

tail at, as prices on razors vary with

each dealer, but we have seen razors

no better sold at $1.25 and $1.50.

Every man who shaves ought to


lt Took

To Build


When R. E. Olds built Reo the

Fifth men called him an extremist.

The factory cost was $200 more

than it built by other standards.

Some men felt that such a car

meant ruin for the maker.


But he gave this car the best he

knew after 27 years of car building.

He built it to mark his limit. He

gave it vast over-capacity.


He built it to endure—to run

year after year as well as it runs

when new. He built it to save the

average user hundreds of dollars

in upkeep. All because he believed

that men were tired of troubles,

and they wanted an honest car.


And They Did


The demand for this car, from

the very ﬁrst, has exceeded the

factory output. At times ﬁve buy-

ers waited for every car we built.


Now tens of thousands are in

use. Legions of men know from

experience how this car stays new.

These men have told others. And

now—in midsummer—we have on

hand 3,000 urgent orders. To meet

the demand we are adding to our

factory three enormous buildings.


Mr. Olds was right. Men wanted

a well-built car. Many a rival has

met with disaster because the cars

were skimped. The Rec Company

has grown to be one of the greatest

concerns in the industry.


I Look Inside


When you buy a car, look at the

hidden parts. There lies the value

of a car. In Reo the Fifth you

will ﬁnd steel made to formula.


Rec Motor Car Company, Lansing, Mich.

Canadian Factory, St. Catharines, Ont. Canadian Price. $1575


Courage


This Car


You will ﬁnd gears tested in a 50-

ton crushing machine. You will

ﬁnd vast over-capacity—big mar-

gins of safety. You will ﬁnd 15

roller bearings—190 drop forgings.

You will ﬁnd the most careful,

most costly construction.


But all this saves you trouble.

It saves you upkeep and repairs.

It makes the car enduring. Reo

the Fifth, with proper care, should

keep its newness for years and years.


Any man who investigates—any

man who compares—will want his

car built like this.


Not Costly Now


Reo the Fifth, with full equip-

ment, cost': $220 less than it used

to cost. This has been saved by

enormous production, and by con-

ﬁning our plant to this model.

Now it offers at a modest price the

very utmost in a car.


We have added greatly to the

beauty, the ﬁnish, the equipment.

Outside as well as inside it is now

the super-car.


We have dealers in 1155 towns.

Ask us for name of nearest. Also

for Reo Magazine showing how

this car is built.


Reo Features


Streamline Body


Electric starter and lights


Electric orn


One-rod control


35 horsepower


Tires 34 x 4


15 roller bearings


190 drop forgings


Dimming searchlighb


Mohair top and curtains


Clear vision windshield


Speedometer — extra rim—improved

tire bracket—tool and tire outfit-—

foot and robe rail. etc.


5-passenger touring car


2-passenger roadster


y"


have at least three razors as it is a.

proven fact that giving a razor a rest

is beneﬁcial to it, and here is your

opportunity to get a supply at very

little cost.


So, only while our present supply


Steel Shoe Book


If you are tired of wet. sore, cal-

loused leek-Rheumatism and Colds


Sass $20:


I utlasts3 to 6 Pairs All-Leathers FR EE

10-Day

Try-0n


lasts the price is 35 cents each, post- -lmd- twisted. “My Lesihet— .’


paid, or a half dozen at $1.70, post-

paid.


A Strop Bargain, Too.


We also have a quantity of Presto

All-in-One razor strops that dealers

sold at $1.00 each. These straps are

made of ﬁnest horsehide leather and

one side is treated with All-in-One


solution which makes it possible to “-I'WT'“


Biz Doctor and Shoe Bills—loss

of time. money, health and com-


fort—TRY FREE

my Latest


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THE MICHIGAN FAllMER


AUG. 8, 1914.


Those Merry Marriage Bells.


Want“)


At Home and Elisew ere


% n


that well known line, “All went


merry as a marriage bell.” Who-

ever the poet, he had the right idea,

the marriage bell should be exceed-

ingly merry, but the facts do not bear

out the poetizing. All too often the

bell sounds more like a funeral knell.


Now please do not think this is to

be a solemn warning against matri-

mony. Far from it. It is simply an

expose of the fond (?) relatives who

mourn when it is to laugh.


There was a wedding in our block

last week which for funereal aspect

exceeded the best managed funeral I

ever saw. The bride was the sweet-

est, prettiest girl on the street. The

groom a clean, decent young chap, not

the cleverest fellow in the world nor

the richest, but a good enough man

for anyone’s son-in-law. But the bride’s

parents didn’t like him. Not that they

could ﬁnd any fault with him except

he wasn’t good enough for their

daughter. She, being their daughter,

should have as a husband a man of

wealth and position. This upstart only

draws a modest salary and besides he

hasn’t a dress suit and there are two

or three of the latest dance steps he

doesn’t know, and he doesn’t always

remember to take off his hat at the

right time, and is a little bit lame on

which fork to use, and a few other

points like that. These were really

the only faults the old folks could ﬁnd

with him, they couldn’t say a word

about his morals or habits.


These faults not being sufﬁciently

large to turn the daughter’s heart

against him, she insisted on marrying

him anyway, because he was the man

she loved. She said that she was the

one who would have to live with him

and if she didn’t mind his social de-

ﬁciencies why should her parents?

The father and mother, ﬁnding sneers,

entreaties, threats and wild ravings

couldn’t change her, would not even

then yield gracefully. The evening

before the marriage they packed their

grips and left town on an excursion,

leaving the girl alone on the last

night before her marriage day. A

neighbor’s daughter volunteered to

stay with her over night, and another

neighbor on hearing of the circum-

stances, insisted on giving the bride

a wedding breakfast after the cere-

mony, which, of course, had to take

place in the minister’s home. The

whole block turned out to try to cheer

the teary little bride, but even then

the wedding could not be robbed of

all its funereal air.


Casting over in my mind the many

weddings I have witnessed, I seem to

ﬁnd about as many which were un-

happy affairs because someone didn’t

like the combination, as there Were

where everyone was perfectly satis-

ﬁed. I venture to say that out of 100

weddings which take place in this old

world, at least 80 per cent are made

unhappy for the participants by some-

one’s criticisms. It seems a shame,

doesn’t it, that the one time in a

young girl’s life which should be bliss-

fully happy, should be marred by the

unkindness of her family or friends?


Why should such a condition arise,

except because there are chronic

grumblers in the world? If a girl is


I BELIEVE it was Byron who wrote


in love, and there is no real good rea-

son why she shouldn’t marry the man,

why not let her alone? If he is down-


right bad, that’s another story, but if

it is simply a case of the family not

being in love, too, for goodness sake

keep still about it. In this glorious

age of freedom no amount of objec-

tions from the family will make a bit

of difference. On the other hand, it

will simply hurry matters along. Many

a girl has rushed into a marriage she

would never have made if she had

not been nagged constantly by her

family until, out of sheer obstinacy,

she married the man just to show she

would.


And after the wedding all the un-

kind things which have been said

come back to stand around between

the young couple and the parents. The

daughter can never forget that you

made fun of John’s nose, or objected

to his big feet, or criticised his man-

ners at the table. And new John

means more to her than do mother or

father, so it isn’t hard to see the be-

ginning of a breach. Just remember

that your daughter can not be expect-

ed to see things through your eyes,

and if she is satisﬁed, try to pretend

you are. DEBORAH.


PLANT THESE BULBS EARLY.


BY L. n. COBB.

. It is a hard matter for those not

perfectly familiar with the various

bulbs to know when to purchase and

plant them. -I have had parties come

to me for tulips and hyacinths in the

spring, and be surprised that they

could not get them, when I had ex-


-plained to them the season before


when the bulbs were in bloom that

they must be planted in the fall. They

had paid but little attention to the

time of planting, giving their whole

mind to the ﬂowers themselves, and

when the proper season arrived to

plant they thought nothing of it.

When the spring arrived they began

to think of the tulip beds they were

going to have, and made inquiries for

the bulbs, only to ﬁnd that they would

have to wait another year.


All fall bulbs are not to be planted

at the same time for best results,

either. Some should be planted as

early as they can be obtained and

some not until it is late enough so

they will not grow too much before

winter. If the order for the bulbs is

made out now and sent to the seed

house with a request that such varie-

ties as arrive early be forwarded at

once by parcel post, you will get all

your order as soon as they arrive.


Callas, freesias, and Easter lilies

are the ﬁrst of the house blooming

bulbs to be ready, and they can usual-

ly be had in July or early in August.

Candidum lilies for the garden can be

had at the same time, and they should

be planted at once, for all lilies lose

vitality rapidly when exposed to the

air. Freesias may be planted early

or kept until late, for the bulbs will

stand it all right, but the early plants

will be the strongest and will bloom

sooner than the later plantings. Free-

sias are much better if potted up

and grown a few weeks in the open

air before being taken into the house.

They are more sturdy and the stems

will be strong, and the ﬂowers of bet-

ter substance, T—hese bulbs can be

used over and over, as they will not

deteriorate, but will increase in size

if allowed to grow on until they die


down. Callas should be planted early

whether one uses their old bulbs or

buys new ones. The dry bulbs one

buys are certain to bloom, and are

much superior to the usual potted

plants offered by ﬂorists. Too many

times these are but small bulblets

started and will not bloom for two or

three years. A strong dormant bulb,

an inch or over in diameter at the

crown, will bloom soon after planting

and will keep it up all winter. Callas

like a wet soil and plenty of hot wa-

ter at the roots. I generally have the

pot in a common milk crock and ev-

ery morning I ﬁll the crock with wa-

ter as hot as I can hear my hand in.


The true Easter lily, Lilium har-

risii, can be obtained early and should

be planted at once if one wants to

have them in bloom by Easter, but it

is subject to a disease that ruins many

of the bulbs. Many ﬂorists have quit

using it at all and use the Longiﬂor-

um lily instead. The ﬂowers are sim-

ilar, but they are not so early as the

Harrisii. Get the Lilium longiﬂorum

giganteum, for it is the hardiest of

the longiﬂorums and easier to grow.

You cannot get these until in Sep-

tember.


For garden culture there is hardly

any bulb or ﬂower that can excel the

Candidum lily. This lily is known by

many pet names, such as the Madon-

na Lily, Ascension Lily, and Old Fash-

ioned Easter Lily. It has strong bulbs,

and is very hardy and thrifty, and will

soon make a good clump. It is es-

pecially ﬁne for the cemetery, as it

blooms in May. '


None of these early planted bulbs

except the lilies need be set away in

a dark place to root when put in pots.

The freesias and callas are to be

placed in the window at once, or, if

planted early, in a sheltered place in

the open air where they get good light

and the sun, at least in the morning.

The Lilies, either Easter or longiﬂor-

um, should be potted in rather small

pots at ﬁrst and put in a dark place

for a few weeks, and then brought to

the light. As soon as the roots have

ﬁlled the small pots transplant to

larger ones until they are in seven-

inch pots, which are about right for

the best results, though I have had

ﬁne ﬂowers in six-inch pots. The

bulbs can be placed in the pots they

are to bloom in if it is desired, but

care must be taken not to overwater

at ﬁrst, for the larger amount of soil

is apt to sour before the roots have

had a chance to penetrate it. When

in the pots they are to bloom in the

bulbs should be at least four inches

below the surface, for the annual roots

that support the ﬂower stalk must

have room to come out above the

bulb.


CANNING CORN ON THE COB.


The following recipes for the can-

ning of corn have been worked out in

the Department of Agriculture’s can-

ning kitchen and the products tested

for nearly two years.


These recipes have been used in

connection with the ﬁve different

types of canning devices and the corn

has been put up in all types of con-

tainers, such as glass top, screw top,

suction top, and tin cans. The meth-

od employed is the cold-pack method,

the same as is now being used in the

best commercial factories.


Blanch in boiling water for ﬁve, to

ten minutes, according to ripeness,


size, and freshness; plunge quickly in:


cold water. Pack, alternating butts,

and tips; add just a little boiling wa-

ter and one level teaspoonful of salt

to each quart.

and partially tighten.

tins).

hot water bath; one and a half hours

water-seal outﬁt;


utes in aluminum pressure cooker. Re-

move jars, tighten covers, invert, and

cooL


er, not in water. If corn seems ﬂat


or water-logged, it has been over-‘


cooked or allowed to stand in too

much water.


Use one or two-quart glass jars if

Quart.


not needed for other products.

jars will hold two ears, two-quart jars


will hold from three to ﬁve ears, ac--


cording to size of ear. Do not can

large ears. Half-gallon or gallon tin


cans with large openings should be-


used in the canning of ear corn when


idle glass jars are not available. Gal-~


lon tin cans will hold from six to 12

ears.

form size.


In high altitudes, 4,000 feet and ov-4

er, it will be necessary to increase the-

time requirements in the canning of .

sweet corn about 25 per cent, if water'

boils at about 202 degrees F., and ev~


en less.


The gallon tin cans, including sold-~

ered-hemmed caps, will cost about six.

cents apiece, but they will holdsix to-

12 ears of corn, which is enough for a-

If the corn is re-'

moved from can and steamed for a

few minutes, it cannot be distinguish-l

ed from the sweet.corn removed from.

The corn.


good-sized family.


the husk in midsummer.

can be heated in the container before

opening to serve.


An ear of sweet corn on the average


dining-car and hotel a la carte ser-


vice costs 25 cents. Considering this,


canning corn on the cob for the mar-v

ket might prove a very desirable in--


vestment for a thrifty housekeeper


and bring to her considerable pin.


money.


One advantage of sweet corn can-4


ned on the cob over other canned

corn, is that all the best food values

are kept with the cob. In cutting corn

off, the germ quality of the kernel,

which keeps 'up its standard, is usu-

ally lost. This germ quality is the

part of the corn that is sought by

rats and mice when they look for food

in the corn bin, and is the most vital

part. Much of the corn is also ren-

dered mushy when it is cut from the

cob.


In regard to the container for corn

on the cob, it might be mentioned that

for advertising and exhibition purpos-

es, glass is much more satisfactory

than the tin can, but if corn on the

cob were to be put up in large quan-

tities as a business venture, the glass

would not be practical, being too ex-

pensive, but the tin cans would prove

quite satisfactory.


SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.


When cutting dry bread for toast,

if very hard, placing the loaf for a

very short time over the top of a

steaming tea kettle will make the

cutting easier.——E. L. C.


A tasty way to utilize dry bread is


to dip the slices into hot water to

soften them, then into beaten eggs'


and milk, after which fry on both

sides—E. L. 0.


Place rubber and top

(Cap and tip

Process 180 to 240 minutes in.

60 minutes under'

ﬁve or more pounds of steam; 40 min--


Heat up for table use in steam--


They should be graded to uni--


A
A


AUG. 8, 1914.


IL.


Hill


lllillllllllllilllllllillllllll


THE MICHI


'ﬂi llililiiﬂilﬂillllllllllilliillllilllillllllliilillllillllillllIllllllilllillilll|lllllilllilllll||lllllllllllllllllillllHillillllilllllllliﬂiilill|lHillllllliilllIﬂllllllllilllllllillllll"HillllHiillllllllllﬂllli|Hilllllllilllllllillllilllllliig


, Poultry and Bees.


ailllllillilﬂlllllllllillllllllllﬂlilllilllIllllillllllllllllillllllllllllllllllilllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllIll!lIIllllllillllllllllilllllllIllllllll|IIIIIIllllllIllIllIl'lllIIIIllll|lllIlilllIlllllilllllIiii|IllIIIlllllIlililllllllilllliillllmllll


Don’t Killihﬂetting Hen.


HICKENS get tiresome at this

time of the year, don’t they?

When the lice begin to ﬂourish,

and feathers begin to fall, when the

egg basket begins to get empty and

you have to scurry around to the‘

neighbors to get up enough eggs for

the cake, then the work among the

ﬂock of biddies drags, and the money

for the feed comes hard. '

Don’t it make you mad to go down

some morning and ﬁnd a thick-feath-

ered hen all ﬂuffed up in the hot nest,

where you have had to drive out the


lice so often to keep them from eating.


the biddies bodily? Isn’t it the great-

est temptation to throw a bucket of

water over her, or wring her neck.

Then you say:


“That hen isn't any good, anyhow.

If she’s got to setting I just can’t

break her up, and she won't lay again

this year. She’ll just sit around and

break what few eggs the hens do lay,

and breed lice to kill the rest, though

she seems to fatten on them. I think

we had better chop her head off and

put her in the kettle.”


A Sitting Hen is a Laying Hen.


Don’t do it. Why? Because you

know she is a laying hen. If she

hadn’t tried her level best to ﬁll up

the egg basket she wouldn’t sit. You

know that. Did you ever see a hen

go to sitting who was not acquainted

with the nest? No, you didn’t, nor

anyone else. It is a hen’s nature to

sit after she has laid out her clutch.


If you have a hen who wants to sit

in July, you know reasonably well that

she has laid eggs in July. And a hen

that lays in July 'is little short of be-

ing a gold mine. Then why should

she go to ﬁll the stomachs of the fam-

ily, while the hen can’t get up enough

ambition to lay, to say nothing of sit-

ting, strays around and picks the

choice bug, and the choicer wheat and

corn, and digs in the beans to her

heart’s content while you are away

from home? That isn’t a very good

way to reward the faithful, to my way

of thinking.


Break the Sitting Hen Up.


Just try breaking her up by shut-

ting her up in a shady coop by her-

self, give her plenty of water and

feed, and 10 or 15 times a day throw

her a choice bit from the table. Then

see if she don’t go to laying again.

If she doesn’t, she will be the ﬁrst

one to cackle the goods news in No-

vember. She will lay a long time

ahead of that paled combed one that

roams about your place, turns her

head over sidewise and runs for the

bushes when you approach with the

feed bucket, then comes back and

gobbles as though she was afraid

some other hen would get a bite.


If you do not study your hens you

have no idea how many star boarder-

you have among your flock. You know

half of human-kind make of them-

selves problems for the other half to

solve, and it is the same way with the

hens. Some biddy may be a beauty.

Her color perhaps is full clear to the

skin. Her eyes may be bright as a

bead. She may have the shape of a

thoroughbred, and the air of a con-

queror, but if she can’t perpetuate

her own kind, what good is she but

to eat? If you are in the business for

what you can get out of it, you might

get her price back in the shows, but

the chance is not worth her feed, to'

my way of reckoning, and besides,

wouldn’t you be advertising a gold

brick?


Fancy Feathers do Not Indicate

Utility.


When I go through a show I look

for eggs. I’d be suspicious of any pen

of prize hens who couldn’t show the


bus.


goods, but many a starter in the bus-

iness is deceived with ﬂaunting col-

ors, and high stepping proclivities. It

is these trusting tenderfoots who

watch us. Then how can we deceive

them and expect success?


Look for the contented, bustling

biddies who are always singing and

going after the festive bug, and the

one who, once in awhile is found in


GAN FARMER


the nest when she ought to be under

the trees, and who gives you a sharp

peck when you would reprimand her,

just to remind you that she has done

her share and needs a rest. And it is

up to you to do'your share and feed

her for her good looks.

Trap Nest Indicates Productive Birds.


If you can’t tell which are the lay-

ing hens, just use the trap nest and

ﬁnd out who’s paying for her board.

You can generally pick her out, and

if you want to raise chickens for the

eggs, save her. But if you are rais-

ing them for their good looks and to

fool your neighbor, go to it. There is

one comfort, your time is short, for a

hen that can’t lay is as good as dead

to the world anyhow.


Tennessee. MARIA C. TOPPING.


lillllllilliillllllllllilllllllllIllllllllllliilllll|IllllllllIllllllllllllllllllIll“ll”Milli“lllllllllllllllllillllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllmllillllillllliillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllillllllllilllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllll


Introducing New Blood in the Flock.


VERY farmer in this section ap-

preciates the value of introduc-

ing new blood or different indi-


viduals into his herds of cattle and

swine that he may increase the value

of these animals, but he thinks little

and does less in too many instances

about introducing new breeding stock

in the poultry yard. It is the com-

mon practice on many farms to save

over a few males birds each year from

the general ﬂock to sire all the chicks

to be hatched next year. This in-

breeding if continued for too long a

period, the ﬂock will deteriorate and

become quite proﬁtless.

Inbreeding Not Advisable.


There are exceptions, however,

when inbreeding must be resorted to

to bring about certain points. The

fancy poultry breeder must indulge in

some inbreeding when breeding for

certain fancy points but the farmer,

the source from which comes the bulk

of eggs and poultry, it is not wise for

him to inbreed his poultry to any

great extent.


Many farm ﬂocks are spoken of as

mongrels and dunghills and no sur-

prise is caused at that when it is no-

ticed that all kinds, colors, sizes and

ages of fowls are left to breed indis-

criminately and no culling or improve-

ment is practiced.


The average farm ﬂock could be

wonderfully improved if a new male

was introduced in the ﬂock. When

introducing a new male the mistake

of crossing an egg breed onto a meat

breed should not be made, but if an

egg breed is on the premises then by

all means introduce a new male of the

same breed and the same variety

ought to be used also. If the White

Leghorn is the breed now bred, then

buy a new male of that variety.


Do Not Mix Types.


Some persons get the faulty idea

that if a meat breed is introduced into

an egg ﬂock the- progeny from this

mating will be sort of a dual or gen-

eral purpose fowl, but this is quite

absurd. By any such crossing the use-

fulness of both is interfered with and

greatly lessened.


After a new male has been intro-

duced his progeny should be rigidly

culled and only the best females re-

tained and another new male of the

same blood lines introduced the next

season. The male exerts more than

one-half of the inﬂuence on the pro-

geny, hence the importance of good

male birds is apparent.


It is also important to have healthy

and vigorous females, but the male is

possibly the more important for rea-

sons mentioned. The male must be

healthy, vigorous, and fully matured,

and should be without any serious de-

fects that will interfere with his bred-

ing, such as wry tail, crooked breast

bone, badly frozen comb and wattles

or web feet. An indication of the

bird’s healthfulness can be ascertain-

ed by the appearance of the comb,

eyes and wattles. If these organs are

pale and badly deformed it is a sure

sign the bird is not healthy or vigor-

A male bird with a small head

entirely out of proportion to the size


of the rest of the body is not good as

a breeder and should be discarded.


If more attention was given to the

breeding of the farm poultry the good

brought about in better fowls and the

large amount of eggs produced would

be hard to estimate. There is no bet-

ter time to introduce new blood than

in the spring of the year just before

breeding time. For a few dollars a

few ﬁne specimens can be secured

that will make a wonderful difference

in the appearance and value of the

ﬂock the ﬁrst year. There is also no

better time to cull and sell the sur-

plus fowls than right now, as the mar-

ket is probably as high as it will get

this season for adult stock. The mar-

ket price from now on will undoubt-

edly decrease.


Ohio. I. G. SHELLABARGER.


SCALY LEG.


Scaly leg seems to be most preva-

lent in the warm weather, as, at that

time the buildings and yards are rath-

er more liable to develop ﬁlthy condi-

tions than at other seasons. Dirt and

uncleanliness are the factors that pro-

duce scaly leg. The trouble is read-

ily recognized in its advanced stages,

the legs of the fowls becoming rough

and unsightly. It seems to attract the

older birds rather than the chickens,

although the young birds are not im-

mune, by any means.


The cause of scaly leg is a tiny

mite, smaller "than the common “red

mites,” which attacks the bodies of

the fowls. Unlike its cousin, which

lives in cracks and crevices about the

buildings and only visits its Victims

to feed, this mite lives under the

scales of the legs. It burrows beneath

the skin and there breeds and thrives,

making a crusty deposit which raises

the scales and gives the legs an un-

sightly appearance. As a usual thing,

the general health of the birds is not

affected, although they may become

lame if the mite is allowed to breed

and multiply for a long time uncheck-

ed. The legs may also become con-

siderably enlarged.


Keep Things Sanitary.


The ﬁrst thing to be done is to give

the house and yards a. careful clean-

ing. The washing and disinfecting

recommended for other poultry para-

sites should prove effective for scaly

leg as well. When this has been

done, remedies may be applied locally.

One of the best of them is made by

mixing one part kerosene and two

parts raw linseed oil. Dip the legs of

the birds in this liquid, allowing them

to remain in it but a moment. Allow

the oil to drip off before placing the

birds back on roost, as the kerosene

must not come in contact with the

feathers or ﬂesh of the birds. This

work may best be done at night, just

after the birds have gone to roost.

There are other remedies but this

seems to be an easy one which has

proved effective. One application will

usually sufﬁce, but in advanced cases

it may be necessary to repeat the dose

in a few days.


N. H. Cm. H. CKEBLEY.


13—109


rYou want your Threshing done quick-

ly and you want it done well.


Clean. ripe grain threshes easy but it takes

the quality of


BATAVIA GRAINERS


to thrash out weedy and poorly

ripened grain without waste.


If you'd throat: your fee no seen crops an; a proﬁt. and

so clean that they will bring an extra price not a


BIDWELL BEANER

Large size and a special "Jr." size.

Write for FREE Catalog and full particulars.

BA‘I‘AVlA MACHINE (0., Box 6, Batavia, N. Y.

For Middle West. J. M. PRESTON C0.. Lansing, Mich.


Galvan'

Mad 1 h grade oven hearth metal. All galvan-

lled “tinged Sldi have an extra heavy tight

contln of gnlvnnlle. rite for free sample

land b (l’ltpréce list No. $04. n also of hglldlng,

I I0, “8&0 rn I'll“ we w urn

fgzg‘completo utiemsee of cusp-without obli tion on


our 9 to y--¢hen make compo n on use the

his saving. Also makers of galvanised shinglee for

ounce.


30 Year Gnamrteed Galvanized Roofing


Made of eclected beet grade No. 24 gauge open


hearth metal with DOUBLE Con-ma of GALVMIZE


an TIN. Write today for price list No. 0.


When you buy from us you buy from the manufacturer.

Established 1877


THE SYKES METAL Ll'l'll & ROOFING 00.


5 I l Walnut Street, Niles. Ohio


2%‘5.’ MlllATMﬂL PRICES


'l'he Hutchinson

Steel Overshot

Water Wheel


and Pump for Private

Water Supply.


Economy Personmed.


Your spring or the

nearby small stream

will furnish fresh run-

ning water. Economi-

, cal because it costs

nothing tooperate (first

cost only cost). Write

for descriptive matter.

Agents Wanted. Exclu-

sive territory to right man


\* Hurcmusou mm. on,

329 Wood St.-

PA.


WILKINSBURG.


A WONDER.


For nearly 50 years I have led in inventing and selling farm


' scales at a saving to the buyer. Now, I have a new"WONDER"

l scale which is the last word in economy and utility.


My price


includes freight and lumber. Send a postal lor facts to


"JON ES, He Pays the Freight '

Blnghnmton. N. Y.


Save draft—save repairs.

Don’t rut roads or ﬁelds. Send oday for free

illustrated catalog of wheels and wagons.


Ioetrlc Wheel 00.. 35 Elm 81., Quincy, Ill.


POULTRY.


NOTIC —le1ted Number Fawn and White

Runner ducks. My breeding pens drakes.


81.50 ducks 91.00, young drakes $1.00 ducks 750.


RIVERVIEW FARM. B.No.8. Vassar. Mich.


PLYMOUTH Rock oockerels 6 to ll lhs., according to

age. hens 5 to 81l)s., 15 eggs $1: Mammoth Bronze

Tom Turkeys 8 to 35 lbs. according to age. Price $8

to $25. 10 eggs S3. A. E. ORAM'ION, Vassar. Mich.


8. L WYANDOTTE EGGS—3%°’é‘1§£“xirliﬁé§“ $333

Satisfaction guaranteed. F.E. Oowdrey. Ithaca. Mich.

LILLIE FARHSTEAD POULTRY

B. P. Rocks. 8. 1. Beds. an on e.


d 8. O. W.

for sale. lb for 81:28 or $1.60: 60 for .50.

COLON 0. LILLIE. Coonerevllle. Mich.


glLVER, White and Golden Wynndottee. Eggs from

L Whites $1.50 per 15. 82.501)” 30. Silvers a Golden: at catalog


prices. Browning's Wynndolte Farm. Portland. Michigan.


—-All rize winners db (1'

Barred ﬂocks at ha fprioe. Won igrizzgelnhﬁltnotg:

W. O. COFFMAN. R. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich.


DOGS.


fnrhuntin F .000 .

Hounds Skunk “‘3 ﬁ’Jbbm" Shetland Ponylrm

Send 20 stamp. W. E. LECKY, Holmesville. Ohio.


Fox and Wolf Hounds


oi the but English strain Ill America

40 years experience in breeding

these ﬁne bounds for my own

sport. Save your pigs sheep and

poultry. Send stamp for catalog.


T. B. HUDSPETH,

Mo.


Sibley. Jackson County,

' When writing to advertisers please


mention The Michigan Farmer.
THE MICHIGAN FLARME'R


AUG. 8-, 1914‘."


110—14

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Markets.

E E

EIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|III|||IIIIIIIIII|II|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIE


GRAINS AND SEEDS.


August 4, 1914.


Wheat—The war situation in Eu-

rope has been the big factor in the

changing of wheat values this past

week. The fact that hostilities have

made it impossible to export wheat

from any of the large producing coun-

tries of the continent, like Hungary

and Russia, dealers here felt that an

unusual call would be made upon our

supply and prices jumped 10c and

more; but the situation abroad tem-

porarily checked the shipment of

wheat from our shore and allowed

wheat to accumulate at sea port ele-

vators. This caused a bearish feeling

to develop and reduced prices from

the high point reached during the

week, although the advance has been

only partly lost. Crop conditions are

favorable in the spring wheat section

and the winter crop is practically se-

cured. Dealers hardly know what the

future of the trade will be, but they

seem to be unanimous that there will

be strength later, which feeling was

substantiated by an advance in prices

Tuesday, The action of Congress in

allowing foreign ships to registry here

will probably aid the exportation of

the grain to the advantage of the 10-

cal markets and the producers. Flour

is much higher. One year ago the

price of No. 2 red Wheat was 89c per


bushel. Quotations for the past week

are:


No. 2 No. 1


Red. White. Sept.

Wednesday ...... 92 92 921/2

Thursday .. .. .961/2 961/2 97 1/2

Friday ........... 91 91 92

Saturday ........ 91 91 92

Monday . ........ 88 88 89

Tuesday ......... 891/2 88% 91


Chicago—No. 2 red wheat, 880;

Sept., 89c; Dec., 940 per bushel.


Corn.—This cereal advanced with

wheat but its position is stronger be-

cause of crop conditions, dry weather

in the corn belt jeopardizing the crop

in some sections. There is also a

scarcity of cash grain, which is aid-

ing the bulls. One year ago the price

paid for No. 3 corn on the local mar-

ket was 71%0 per bushel. Quotations

for the past week are:


No. 3 No. 3


Mixed. Yellow.


Wednesday '. . ....... 76% 78%

Thursday ........... 79 81

Friday .............. 79 81

Saturday . . . ........ 79 81

Monday ............ 79 81

Tuesday ............ 79 81


Chicago—September corn 69 1Agc;


December 6414c; May 680 per bushel.

Oats.—The inﬂuence of the two ma-

jor grains was not strongly reﬂected

in the oat deal, although a narrow ad‘

vance is noted over last week’s prices.

New oats are now being delivered in

considerable quantities and the de-

mand is only moderate, resulting in

an easy feeling in the trade. The

threshing returns are fair to good in

the central states. One year ago the

local price for standard oats was

44140 per bushel. Quotations for the


past week are:

No. 3


Standard. White.

....... 40 39


Wednesday . .


Thursday ........... 41 to

Friday .............. 40% 9 1/2

Saturday ........... 41 40

Monday ............ 41 40

Tuesday ............ 41 40


Chicago.—New standard oats 331/2

@351/20; Sept., 35940; Dec., 38%c per

bushel.


Rye.——An advance of 50 was made

last week. The grain is in demand

and farmers are holding for better

prices. No. 2 is quoted at 70c per bu.


Beans—Demand is fair and market

ﬁrm. Quotations: Immediate and

prompt shipments $2.05 per bu; Oct.

$2.02. Chicago reports quiet trade. Pea

beans, hand-picked, choice, are quot-

ed at $2.10@2.15; common $1.95@2;

red kidneys, choice $3.20@3.25.


CIoverseed.—Cloverseed is ﬁrm_at

another advance; alsike is eas1er.

Prime spot $9.50; October and Decem-

ber $9.90; alsike sales were made at

$9.10.


Timothy Seed.—Prime spot $3 per

bushel.


FLOUR AND FEEDS.


Flown—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs. as follows. Best

patent $5.95; second $5.45; straight

$4.95; spring patent $5.95; rye ﬂour

$4.55 per bbl. _


Feed.——In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $24.50; standard middlings

$28; ﬁne middlings. $30; coarse corn-

meal $32; crackedco’rn $33; corn and


cat chop $28.50 per ton.


/


Hay.-—-Prices steady. Carlots ~oi1

track at Detroit are: No. 1 timothy

$16.50@17; standard $15.50@16; No.

2, $13@14; light mixed $15.50@16;

No. 1 mixed, $13@13.50; No. 1 clover

$12.50@13 per ton.


New York—Market ﬁrm. No. 1

timothy $22@22.50; No. 3 to No. 2

$18@21.


Chicago.—Best grades ﬁrm, with

prices higher. Choice timothy quoted

at $19@20 per ton; No. 1, $17@18;

No. 2, $14@15; new timothy $10@14.


Straw—Steady. Rye $8@8.50; oat

straw $7@7.50; wheat straw $7@7.50

per ton.


DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.


Butter.—-Market steady, with prices

slightly higher. Extra creamery 280

per lb; ﬁrsts 26c; dairy 18c; packing

stock 170.


Chicago—Market ﬁrm and prices

higher; extras in light supply. Extra

creamery 271/2@281/20; extra ﬁrsts 26

@270 per lb; ﬁrsts 24@251/2c; seconds

21%(023c; packing stock 18%@19c.


Elgin.——Market is ﬁrm at 280 per

pound.


New York—The market is steady,

with prices higher. Creamery extras

29%@300; ﬁrsts 26@290; seconds

23@251éc; packing stock 18%@19c.


Eggs.—Market is active, with fresh

stock selling at 211/20 per dozen.


Chicago—The feeling is ﬁrm, es-

pecially for fresh stock. Prices are

higher. Fresh stock, free from heat-

ed conditions is quickly sold. Miscel-

laneous lots, cases included, 16@200

per dozen; ordinary ﬁrsts 18@190;

ﬁrsts 191/2@200.


New York.—~Market steady. Prices

on fresh stock are higher. Fresh gath-

ered extras 26@280; ﬁrsts 221/2@24c;

extra ﬁrsts 241/2@25c per dozen.


Poultry.—Market quiet and steady.

Prices slightly higher. Broilers are

slightly lower. Live—Broilers 19@200

per lb; hens 15@16c.


Chicago—Market steady but prices

on springs and ducks are slightly low-

er. Quotations on live are: Fowls

15c; spring chickens, according to

quality, 16@17c; ducks, good stock 12

@14c; guinea hens per dozen $3.50;

spring geese 12@13c.


FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.


Fruits.—-Gooseberries $1@1.25 per

case; cherries sour $1.25@1.50 a case;

sweet $1@1.25 per case; blackberries

$1.75 per case; raspberries, black

$1.75 per case; red $4.50@4.75 per

busheL .


Chicago—Cherries, sour $1.25@1.50

per case; sweet $1.25@1.50 per case;

currants $1.40@1.50 per case; rasp-

berries, red $1.50@1.75 per 24-pt. case;

black 1.50 per 16-qt. case; blackber-

ries $1.25@1.50; Michigan peaches,

Clingstones, 40@50c per bu; Michigan

Burbank plums $1@1.25; Sugar pears

Michigan, 1-5 per bushel basket 20c.


Vegetables.——-Home-grown cabbage,

$1.25@1.50 per bbl; new beets 200 per

dozen; radishes 100 per dozen; home-

grown green corn $1@1.10 per sack;

lettuce 40c per lb; green beans 750

per bu; wax beans 750 per bu.


Apples.——New apples in good de.

mand. Transparent 75c@$1; Duchess

$1@1.10 per crate, and $3@4 per bbl.


Chicago—New apples in good sup

ply. Choice stock sells well. Trans-

parent $1 per bushel basket; Duchess

750@$1; Transparent $3@3.50 per bbl.

Duchess $2.75@3.25.


WOOL.


This market remains ﬁrm. A very

satisfactory volume of business is be-

ing done, and the inquiry is broaden-

ing. Demand is strongest for terri-

tory offerings; however, the call for

ﬂeece wools is increasing, although

manufacturers feel that quotations for

the, latter kind are comparatively too

high. The quotations appear, howev-

er, to be on a parity with foreign

prices and ﬂeeces are certain to move

more freely. Dealers at Boston are

holding XX ﬂeeces at 30@32c; ﬁne de-

laines at 31@32c; Michigan unwashed

combing ranges from 23@29c, 'while

unwashed clothing rules from 23@26c.


GRAND RAPIDS.


Potatoes are coming in freely now

and are selling around 70c. Early

harvest apples have a wide range,

selling from 350 up 'to $1.25. Huckle-

beries are quoted at $1.75@2.25, and

blackberries at $1.65@2. Hay brings

$10@13 on the city market. Grain

prices paid at the mills follow: Wheat

810; oats 500; corn 750; white beans

$1.75; red kidneys $2.75 per bushel.


DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.


Tuesday morning’s trading was ac-

tive and prices held to nearly the

same basis as a week earlier. ,Cab-

bage was offered freely at 40@55c per

bushel; apples are coming forward

more freely. prices ranging from 600

@125 per bu; lettuce 30@600; mul-

berries‘ $2.50 per 16-qt. crate; onions


$2.25 per bu; bunch onions 10 bunches

25c; cucumbers 75c@$1.25; corn 75c

per bag; eggs 280 per dozen; celery

three bunches 25c; loose hay $16@18

per ton. , ' .


THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.


Buffalo.


August 3, 1914.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)


Receipts of stock here today as fol-

lows: Cattle 172 cars; hogs 80 d. d.;

sheep and lambs 17 d] d.; calves 1000

head.


With 172 cars of cattle on our mar-

ket here today, all good cattle of good

weight sold from 10@20c per cwt.

higher than last week. The medium

and common cattle sold only about

steady, and the grassy fat cows from

barely steady to 100 lower. At the

close of the market about everything

was sold and the feeling closed'steady

on all fat stuff. The grassy and clip-

pery stuff that are not fat have to be

sold at feeder prices,


Receipts of hogs today were about

75 double decks, including ﬁve loads

held over‘ from Saturday. Opening

trade was very slow, especially on

anything carrying weight. All light

grades sold at $9.30@9.40, and a few

choice heavy at $9@9.10, but extreme

heavy weights almost impossible to

dispose of. Some choice hogs, weigh-

ing about 300 lbs., offered on the late

market at 90 per 1b., and- were still

unsold at this writing. Rough hogs

sold at $8@8.25, as to quality. Stags

$6@7.25. Late trade on all grades was

very dull in sympathy with all other

points and as conditions stand at the

present time it wouldbe wise to use

caution in buying in the country.


The market was active today on

lambs and sheep. Prices quarter high-

er than close of last week. Choice

handy lambs selling mostly at $8.75@

9. We look for steady prices balance

of week.


We quote: Spring lambs $8.75@9;

cull to fair $6.50@8.50; yearlings $6@

7.50; bucks $2.75@3.25; handy ewes

$5.50@5.75; heavy ewes $4.25@4.50;

wethers $6@6.50; cull sheep $2@3.25;

veals, choice to extra $11.25@11.50;

fair to good $8.50@11; heavy calves

$5.50@7.50.


Chicago.

August 3, 1914.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.


Receipts today. .13,000 31,000 10,000

Same day 1913.16,478 48,124 31,078

Last week ..... 32,792 96,809 72 578


Same wk ’1913...47,857’124,153 111,292


Cattle market today felt the ﬁrst

direct effect of the war in Europe—

tight money inﬂuence on this side of

the Atlantic, and light supply sold un-

evenly lower. Packers refrained from

buying until late in the session, ru-

mor crediting inability to make nor-

mal ﬁnancial arrangements, due to

the banks tightening up on loans. The

market for prime good goods held

steady to 10c lower and all other

steers as well as she stock ﬁnally

sold 15@25c lower, many fat steers

at the full decline. Tops went at

$9.90 and bulk of medium to good

steers at $8.50@9.25. Hogs opened 5

@100 lower but packers held off the

market and later pounded prices ter-

riﬂcally, buying their droves at 40@

500 ‘decline from last week’s closrng,

even prime heavy and butcher grades

showing this break. The price cut

carried a lot of hogs to a $7.65@8

basis and on the close $8.35@8.60

bought choice lights, such as sold a

few days previous at $9.15@9.30.

Sheep and lambs went 10@250 higher

on strength of small supplies.


Supply of cattle at Chicago fell to

light volume again last week, but

still proved high enough for trade

needs, hot weather, imported beef in

the east and high price of the product

at retail being demand repressive in-

inﬂuences. A' mean call from ship—

pers and packers alike prevailed for

steers below choice grade and net deo

clines of 10@15c were shown at the

week end compared with the week be-

fore on kinds grading in value below

$9.25. The plain and medium to good

steers showed 40@650 cut from high

point in mid-July, most decline fall-

ing on kinds selling down to $8@8.65.

Prime heavy and yearling steers held

steady, a $10 top being registered

again for .heavies, and yearlings sold

up to $9.80. Only a small quota of

heavy steers of choice to prime grade

was included in supplies, and scarcity

of that kind is due to be a market

feature for months ahead. Still there

is a determined effort on part of pack.

ers to hold costs below $10. In the

past week not a packer would pay

$10, even though they bought cattle

10@15c under that ﬁgure, which com-

pared with the $10 drove an outside

killer took, were intrinsically 25@35c

cheaper. Bulk of steers sold at $8.50

@9.50‘ and a lot of grassers went at

$7.75@8.25 with a tailing kind down


to $7.25. -First range..steers of the.


season, Washington and Dakotas, sold


at $7.25@8.40, the latter being from

ﬁrst named state. Butcher cows held

at last the previous week’s low spot.

selling mainly at $5@6.25 for grassers

and good to choice corn-feds made

$6.75@7.50 .and higher. Heifers of

prime yearling grade went up to $9.50

but there were few above $8.50, and

$7@8 bought fair to good fat kinds,

With common grassers down to $6.25

and lower. Canners cows sold at $3

@4 and cutters up to $4.75. Bull trade

scored a 1_0@15c advance, canner and

bologna grades making $4.75@6.25 and

fair to good butchers $6.50@7.50.

Calves held steady at $10.50@11.25.

Milkers and springers still had nar-'

row country demand at $60@90 for

plain to prime. Country call contin-

ued to favor well-bred fresh cows and

backward Springers.


Hogs, starting higher early in the

week on brisk shipper demand scored

at $9.10@9.30 for good to choice

butcher and light grades, but big local

packers have continued a bearish at-

titude toward the market, refusing to

buy many of the offerings. Provision

trade had a higher turn in sympathy

With the great advance in grains due

to the .European war situation, but

pork prices b‘roke terriﬁcally later, on

a packer bear raid and inﬂuenced by

a similar situation in the hog market.

Prices for hogs in late days of .the

week declined 30@400 from high point

and packers bought common to good

heavy'and mixed packing grades down

to $8.25@8.65, while the smooth butch-

ers and heavies sold at $8.75@8.90,

With a fancy light bacon type making

$8.95@9.05 at the close. Most pigs

sold at $8@8.75.


Range sheep and lambs are forming

a considerable quota of the market-

ings now, but a small supply last

week gave the trade stronger tone.

Sheep closed at 15@250 advance

while lambs showed only a shade

higher basis than noted at the ﬁnish

of the previous week. Feeding stock

from the range comprises a short crop

of the general receipts, but as yet de-

mand from Michigan, Indiana and

Ohio buyers is small. Washington

and Oregon contributed bulk of the

range stock. On the close a prime

grade of range and native lambs sold

at $8@8.10 and medium to good na-v

tives at $7.25@7.75, while the culls

went dOWn to $6. Feeding lambs made

$6.50@7.25. Range wethers made $5.15

@575 and fed wethers sold up to $6,

With a cull class at $4@4.50. Poor to

prime yearlings brought $5@6.50 and

range yearlings topped at $6.15. Na-

tive and range ewles went at $4@5.10

or common to c oice and culls

$2.75@3. at


Horse market is showing stronger

general tone in spite of increasing

supplies, alittle higher scale of values

being forced for good business class-

es last week. Eastern demand is ex-

pected to improve shortly and the

prices should then be established on

a level considerably better than have

prevailed for weeks past. Good 1400

to 1500-lb. chunks have sold at $235@

250 per head. Plain to fair light

chunks went at $125@165 and the me-

dium work horses mainly at $140@

175. Good mares sold at $180@200

and the common little nags down to

$65@85. A high class draft animal

has been worth $240@260 and up, but

there are few of these being marketed

at this time.


ADDITIONAL VETERINARY.


Foot-rot—Inﬂammatiou of Food.—I

have a ﬂock of about 80 sheep, a por-

tion of them are going lame. They

run on high, gravelly land and none

of these sheep seem to be lame in

more than one foot. Close examina-

tion shows that the heels are swollen,

bottom of hoof seems chalky and the

tissues between toes seem dry. Those

that ShOWed \ lameness a week ago

seem to be getting better and others

are showmg more lameness. F. H.

B.,.Mecosta, Mich—I am inclined to

believe that your sheep suffer from a

Simple contagious affection of the foot

which should be called foot-scald and

not foot-rot, and this ailment may per.

haps be. contagious, or it maybe due

to exc1ting causes. It is important to

prevent the spread of this disease;

therefore, I advise you to construct a

trough,‘ walking your sheep through

a solution composed of one part coal

tar disinfectant, ten parts water; or

one part carbolic acid and 20 parts

water every four or ﬁve days. It is

needless for me to say that the hoofs

of worst cases should be. trimmed

With a knife and if there are any an-

gry sores, apply powdered sulphate of

copper lightly every few days. I sug‘

gest that _you treat the whole ﬂock as

it is easily done and not very ex-

pensive.


NEXT WEEK.


D. W. Francisco, who has made a

careful study of Michigan’s methods

of selling fruit, will’tell the readers

of the Farm Commerce, Department


what should be. done to improve fruit


marketing in this stat '.


‘1“ -1 7% _.._'..,__.
site. 8, 1914.


‘THIS IS THE LAST EDITION.


- ‘The ﬁrst'edltion is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The ,late market edi-

tion will he sent on request at any

time.


DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Thursda ’s Market.

y August 6, 1914.


- Cattle. . .


Receipts 1495. Bulls, cows and can.

ners steady; all others 15@25c lower

than last week. '


We quote: Best heavy-steers $8.25

@850; best handy weight butcher

steers $7.25@7.75; mixed steers and

heifers $7@7.25; handy light butch-

ers $6.75@7; light butchers $5.50@

6.75; bést' cows $6@6.50; butcher

cows $5.50@6; common cows $4.50@

5; canners $3@4.25; best heavy bulls

$6.50@6.75; bologna bulls $6@6.25;

stock bulls $5.25@5.75; feeders $6.75

@725; stockers $6@7; milkers and

springers $40@70.


Haley & M. sold Bowersox 3 stock-

ers av 550 at $6.60, 1 do wgh 450 at

$6, 1 cow wgh 930 at $4.75, 1 do w h

1020 at $6, 1 stocker wgh 680 at $5. 5,

1 do wgh 590 at $6.50, 1 do wgh 500 at

$6.25; to Goose 2 cows av 1015 at

$4.85; to Mich. B. Co. 2 do av 1055 at


$6, 3 stockers av 760 at $7, 1 do wgh 221


1020 at $8, 2 cows av 950 at $6.50, 2

steers av 1110 at $7.40; to Parker, W.


‘ & Co. 4 canners av 855 at $385.1 do


wgh 820 at $4; to Sullivan P. Co. 8

cows av 951 at $6, 2 do av 990 at $6,

1 bull wgh 1050 at $6.25; to Rattkow-

sky 1 cow wgh 720 at $4, 1 do wgh

890 at $5.75; to Graves 8 stockers av

554 at $6, 5 do av 680 at $6.40; to

Cooke 6 steers av 888 at $7.75, 2 do

av 1055 at $7.75, 1 bull wgh 810 at $6;

to Goose 1 cow wgh 1070 at $5.25; to

Gleason 1 steer wgh 750 at $7; to La-

chalt 5 butchers av 862 at $6.80; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 1 cow wgh 1060

at $4.75, 2 bulls av 990 at $6.25, 2 do

av 990 at $6. .

Bishop, B. & H. sold Sulhvan P.

Co. 1 cow wgh 1080 at $4, 1 do wgh

1200 at $6.50, 1 do wgh 1200 at $5.50,

1 do wgh 1220 at $6.25, 18 steers av

1046 at $8.25, 1 do wgh 1200 at $7;

to Brown 20 steers av 1085 at $7.45,

30 do av 1106 at $7.45; to Thompson

Bros. 7 do av 976 at $7.50, 1 bull wgh


_ 1020 at $6.25; to Parker, W. & Co. 5


do av 1188 at $6.25, 2 cows av 900 at

$4; to Breitenbeck 6 cows av 905 at

$5.15; to Heinrich 16 butchers av 900

at $7; to Rattkowsky 4 bulls av 400

at $5.50; to Findlay 3 stockers av 493

at $6; to Kull 14 steers av 1102 at

$8.15, 5 do av 952 at $7.50, 2 bulls av

1240 at $6.25; to Heinrich 16 butchers

av 845 at $7; to Thompson Bros. 1


,cow wgh 1100 at $6.25, 3 steers av 870


at $7.25, 3 cows av 917 at $5.80; to

Rattkowsky 10 cows av 1060 at $6,

1 do wgh 1130 at $5.50; to Parker, W.

& Co. 3 do av 833 at $5.50; to Lentz

9 stockers av 610 at $6.10, 25 do av

567 at $6.10; to Parker, W. & Co. 28

butchers av 767 at $7, 3 bulls av 1063

at $6, 3 canners av 900 at $3.75, 5 do

av 740 at $4, 28 steers av 1010 at

$7.90; to Hirschleman 2 steers av 850

at $7; to Mason B. Co. 5 do av 876 at

$7; to Herrick 11 cows av 990 at

$5.65, 16 stockers av 669 at $6.15: to

Parker, W. & Co. 3 cows av 753 at

$3.85; 6 do av 900 at $4, 4 steers av

992 at $7.75, 2 do av 1075 at $8.50.

Veal Calves.


Receipts 509. Market 500 higher

than on Wednesday; steady with last

week's opening. Best $11@12; others

$8@10.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S.

& Co. 9 av 160 at $11.50, 5 av 165 at

$11.25, 5 av 165 at $11.50; to Parker,

W. & Co. 6 av 145 at $11.50, 3 av 145

at $10.75, 1 wgh 170 at $11.50; to

Rattkowsky 7 av 210 at $10.50; to

Shaparo 9 av 160 at $11.50; to Ratner

13 av 160 at $10, 8 av 135 at $10, 3 av

170 at $6; to Parker, W. & Co. 3 av

155 at $11.25, 5 av 165 at $10; to Sul-

livan P. Co. 26 av 160 at $11.50, 6 av

200 at $11.25, 4 av 250 at $8, 1 wgh

200 at $10.50; to Kull 2 av 165 at

$11.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 1 wgh 170

at $12; to Nagle P. Co. 11 av 155 at

$11.50, 4 av 180 at $12, 2 av 105 at

$9, 3 av 120 at $8.50, 5 av 155 at

$11.50, 9 av 170 at $11.50; to Sullivan

P. Co. 4 av 155 at $12, 4 av 150 at

$12, 2 av 150 at $10, 7 av 180 at $12,

7 av 155 at $12; to McGuire 9 av 175

at $12, 11 av 165 at $11.50.


Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts 2611. Good lambs 25@50c

higher than last week; common and

light lambs very dull; should be kept

in country until ﬁt for market. Best

lambs $8.50: fair do $7@8; light to

common lambs $5@6.50; fair to good

sheep $4@5; culls and common $2.50


350


Haley & M. sold Sullivan P. Go. ‘7

sheep av 107 at $5.50, 6 do av 95 at

$5.50, 23 lambs av 65 at $7.50, 121 do

av 75 at $8.50; to Harger 29 sheep av

120 at $4; to Thompson Bros. 3 do av

105 at $4.50, 47 lambs av 72 at $8.50,

10 do av 66 at $7.50, 12 sheep av 095

at $4.25. 9 lambs av 55 at $8.50; to

Mich. B. Co. 47 do av 60 at $8.25, 20

do av 55 at $8.25, 8 éheep av 125 at

$4.50, 64 lambs av 0 at $8.50; to


THE MICHIGAN


'Hammond, S. &' Co. ‘81 lambs av 75


at $8.35; to Thompson Bros 53 sheep

av 85 at $4.50; to Hammond, S. & Co.

10 sheep av 93 at $3.75, 10 lambs av

75 at $8.50.


Roe Com. Co. sold Barlage 23 lambs

av 70 at $8.25, 32 sheep av 110 at

$4.50, 14 do av 85 at $4.50, 34 lambs

av 65 at $8.25, 11 do av 65 at $7, 48

do av 75 at $8.25, 4 sheep av 140 at

$4.50; to Newton B. Co. 10 lambs av

68 at $7, 74 do av 80 at $8.25; to

Young 17 lambs av 75 at $8.50; to

Burnstine 2 sheep av 155 at $4, 5

lambs av 73 at $7.25.


. Hogs.


Receipts 2133. None sold up to

noon; prospects higher. Heavy $8.75;

others $9.


Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.

125 av 190 at $8.90.


Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. &

$390170 av 190 at $9, 89 av 225 at


Spicer & R. sold same 125 av 200 at

$9, 70 av 250 at $8.90.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. &

$390800 av 190 at $9, 275 av 250 at


Friday's Market.

, July 31, 1914.

Cattle.

Receipts this week 1259; last week

6; market steady. Best heavy

steers $8.50; best handy weight butch-

er steers $7.25@7.75; mixed steers and

heifers $7@7.25; handy light butch-

ers $6.75@7; light butchers $6.50@

6.75; best cows $6@7; butcher cows


$5.50@6; common cows $4.50@5; can;


here $3@4.25; best heavy bulls $6.50

@675; bologna bulls $6@6.25; stock

bulls $5.25@5.75; feeders $6.75@7.25;

stockers $6.25@7; milkers and spring-

ers $40@80.


Veal Cales.


Receipts this week 746; last week

1016; market steady. Best $11@11.50;

others $8@10.


Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts this week 2026; last week

1859; market strong. Best lambs

$8.25; fair lambs $7@7.75; light to

common lambs $6@6.75; fair to good

sheep $4.50@5; culls and common

$2.50@3.50.


Hogs.

Receipts this week 2517; last week

$438195; market 50 lower. All grades


LIVE STOCK NEWS.


Advices from Montana are that

shipments of range wethers from that

state this season will not exceed 25

per cent of shipments of last year.

There is a serious lack of aged weth—

ers, old ewes and yearlings, many

rangemen having been forced to go

out of the sheep business because of

encroachment of settlers. Range con-

ditions are singularly good this sea-

son, and ﬂocks are expected to be

marketed in unusually fat condition.

Based on the number of ewes bred,

there was a good spring lamb crop,

but breeding operations are small

when compared with former years be

fore the country thereabouts was tak-

en up by settlers. From present in-

dications, it is not probable that there

will be a large marketing of lambs

from Montana before the middle of

September.


Everything manufactured from hogs

sells with great liberality with the

single exception of lard. With an eye

to this fact, packers have been tnrow-

ing the minimum quantity of fats into

the lard kettle. but considerable of

that commodity must necessarily be

made, and reducing the lard stocks is

slow work.


“Iowa never had a better feed pros-

pect,” said D. D. Cutler, general live

stock agent of the Northwestern Rail-

road, recently, “and where the thin

cattle and sheep are coming from to

convert into beef and mutton is a

puzzle calculated to confound a Phila-

delphia lawyer. Cattle are abnormal-


ly scarce, but the country is full of,


pigs, and as far as I could ascertain,

they were as healthy as hoboes.”


It is becoming an interesting ques-

tion with intending buyers of feeder

lambs and breeding ewes where they

are going to secure supplies, as sheen

men are everywhere awake to the

importance of retaining their good

breeders, while on the range the

lambs will be ﬁnished good and fat as

a general rule. In fact, well-bred eWes

adapted for breeding purposes have

been selling at higher prices than in

the Chicago market recently, and ewe

lambs are reserved for the same pur.

pose. The season for marketing range

and native lambs is on, and whenever

the market develops any strength re-

ceipts are sure to be liberal, but after

bad breaks in prices ﬂocks are held

back. .


The .average quality of the cattle

marketed in Chicago last week was

the poorest of the season, with a

much increased proportion of grassers

and the smallest percentage of high-

dressing tat steers seen since 1912.

Still, the demand for fat beeves was

very contracted, even on Monday last

week, when only 11,813 cattle arrived


FARMER


on the market. It is evi ent that the

dearness of beef everyw ere is result-

ing in materially lessening. its con-

sumption.


E. H. Farrington, head of the dairy

school of the University of Wisconsin,

says that with extra large quantities

of good domestic butter going into

storage at high prices and the market

remaining steady, the inﬂuence of for-

eign dairy competition due to the low-

ered tariff apparently has not been so

far-reaching as was expected.


The recent war news exerted a

marked inﬂuence on the Chicago pro-

vision market, prices advancing sharp-

ly all along the line on the Board of

Trade. In the event of war between

big European powers, an enormous

amount of meats, bread and other food

would be required for feeding the

armies in the ﬁeld and the navy

forces. Meanwhile the home demand

for cured hog meats, such as bacon

and hams, is very large, while the do-

mestic consumption of fresh pork pro-

ducts is on a much heavier scale than

in former years.


Never has the hog market been in

a stronger position than it is now,

and owners are fully justiﬁed in mak-

ing them good and fat. The season

for marketing grassy sows and other

inferior swine is here, and this tends

to widen out prices, prime shipping

hogs of the lighter weights selling at

the highest of all. The average weight

of the hogs reaching the Chicago mar-

ket has increased to 245 lbs., and

there is a marked scarcity of pigs,


with prime lots averaging under 140.


lbs. selling nearly as high as the best

matured hogs of strong weights.


CROP AND MARKET NOTES.


(Continued from page 113).


light ones are also in evidence.

Threshing help is scarce and wages

high.


Ohio.


Madison 00., July 24.-—Threshing is

well along. Wheat is good, but not

equal to reports, and the price is ad-

vancing. Oats are very poor, and will

not make half a crop. Pastures are

burning up from continued drouth, in

fact, everything is suffering for rain.

Wheat 77c; oats 32c; corn 68c; rye

60c; potatoes $2; butter-fat 30c; eggs

200. Fat stock of all kinds is scarce

and high.


Hancock 00., July 25,—Threshing

of wheat going on, with a good yield.

Oats nearly all cut, with a shorter

crop than usual; corn looks good; al-

so potatoes, but rain would help to

improve it. Hay crop was light and

more acreage was cut, leaving less for

seed. Apples are making a fair crop;

Peaches are not so plentiful. Eggs

18c; wheat 760; some hogs are being

marketed at $8.75. Pasture is short.

Not much rain lately.


Holme$ 00., July 27.—The weather

is hot and dry. Hay is all made, but

is a light crop. The wheat yield is

above the average. Oats are ready to

cut, and the yield is promising. Po-

tatoes are looking good. Pastures are

getting short, and cows are falling off

in their milk. Apples will be a good

crop in the valleys, but scarce on the

hills. Peaches will be plentiful and

pears promise well. Wheat 75c; oats

400; corn 90c; hay $10; cream 280;

country butter 180; eggs 19c. Chick-

ens, ducks and geese are plentiful,

but turkeys are scarce.


Harrison 00., July 27.—It is very

dry, and corn is suffering for want of

rain. Wheat is all harvested in ﬁne

shape. Oats are ready to cut and are

a poor crop. Potatoes will be a poor

crop on account of dry weather. Hay

was not a full crop, but of excellent

quality. Early apples are plentiful,

and late apples promise a ﬁne crop.

Plums and pears will be a good crop,

but peaches will be light. Eggs 20c;

butter 23c; fat cattle 80; hogs 71740;

sheep are very high.


Missouri.


Vernon Co.——Threshing is in full

blast, and wheat is yielding from 25

to 40 bushels per acre; oat yields 25

to 50 bushels. Corn looking ﬁne. The

potato crop is very light, having

heavy vines but few potatoes. We

will have a fair crop of peaches and

apples. The pig crop will be very

light. Corn is selling at 85c; wheat

65c; oats 28c; hogs $8.25; cattle $5@

7; spring chickens 170; eggs 14c; but-

ter 20c


Indiana.


Noble 60., July 27.-——At present we

are very much in need of rain; the

dry weather is damaging what would

otherwise have been an exceedingly

good corn crop. A great deal of wheat

has been thrashed and runs about 15

bushels to the acre, the ﬂy having

done considerable damage. Oats have

all been cut and is a large crop.

Early potatoes are about the average

and late crop looks ﬁne. Plum and

peach crops will be short; apples now

promise well. Onion crop will be

large and of good quality. Consider-

able number of grass cattle are be-

ing shipped at $6.50@7.50 per cwt;


15—11-1


hogs $8@8.25; chickens, old 120;

young 18c; wheat 78c; oats 400; corn

950 per cwt; butter 250; eggs 18c.


Dickinson 00., July 26.—-Harvest

was long and tedious owing to the

heavy grain and frequent showers.

The yield of wheat is 15@40 bushels

per acre. Corn is looking fair. Al-

falfa is being cut. Plowing has com-

menced. Potatoes are scarce. Fruit

is of good quality but not very plen-

tiful.


Kansas.


Finney 00., July 20.—Wheat harvest

is over, and it is estimated that the

average yield will be 20 to 25 bushels

per acre, which is good for this coun-

ty. Farmers here engage principally

in stock raising with great success.

In the irrigated districts crops of all

kinds are ﬁne, and there are plenty

of plums, apples and cherries. Prairie

hay is good. Butter 25c; eggs 15c;

spring chickens 16c; wheat 600; p0-

tatoes $1.80 per bushel.


Waushara 00., July 27.——Drouth

has been broken by copious rains, but

pastures had suffered considerably,

and the milk ﬂow is going down. Rye

is a fair crop, and oats are good ex-

cept where drowned out in the spring.

Corn looks good, but much of it was

planted late and needs a late season

in which to mature. Potatoes look

ﬁne. A big hay crop was harvested.

There are few summer or fall apples,

but winter apples are a little better.

Eggs 17c; butter 23c; oats 40c; rye

560; wheat 900; beef 4@6c live.


Idaho.


Power 00., July 19.—Wheat is al-

most ready to head. There will be a

good crop of wheat except where kill.

ed by the June frost. The spring

wheat will be good unless too dry

weather prevails before harvest. The

potato crop will be light. The ﬁrst

crop of ha is rather light. Wheat

sells at $1. 5 per cwt; butter 171/20.


[IVE Let us handle your

POULTRY, poultry, fruits, farm pro-

BROILERS, ducts. Our 25 years in

FRUITS, the same store assures

POTATOES, your satisfactory results .

0NIONS. CHAS. W. MIDI) & Sill.

ETC. Detroit, Michigan.


Ship your Hay in Pittsburgh audio

Daniel McBaﬂny Sons Company

Pittsburgh. Pa.

Ref.-sny bank or Mercantile Agency.


. Wholesale Commission House,

Briggs. FIIIICI". 80., Detroit. Want your apples.

potatoes, poultry and rabbits. Quick returns.


FARMERS—We are ps‘ylng good premium shove

the ()ﬂicia Detroit Market for now-

laid eggs shipped direct tone by express. Write us

for information. It will pay you. American Butter

& Cheese Co. 31-33 Griswold 81.. Detroit. Mich.


* FIRMS Allll FIRM uuns’

run SALE on EXBHIIIGE


' ' I h

Soulhorn Michigan Farms 0103.0?» ”3‘." imiT‘mifﬁl

free. HARPBTEII & MU ItIlAY. Bellevue. Michigan.


FARMS, GOOD, CHEAP, PROFITABLE.


UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES NOW.

State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware.


CASH FOR YOUR FARM


I bring buyers and sellers together, Write me if

you want to buy. sellor trade. Established 1881. Frank

1’. Cleveland. 948 Adams Express Building. Chicago.


CENTRAL MICHIGAN FARMS—Beet neral farm-


ing country in the world. Splendid c imste. water.

schools. roads. markets. Bargains in improved farms.

Write for list. A. BENHAM & TRIM, Hastings, Mich.


FOR SALE FARM and Fruit Lands. also large

tracts for stock grazing and

ranch purposes. Clay loam soil, lime rock subsoil.

near market and railroad. Address R. MITCHELL,

Agent for Thad B. Preston. Onaway. Michigan.


for town pro rty or small

ForSaIe or Exchange (000. 0 1.0.0.2? 200 0.0.0.0:

ohouoe land In Oakland County. situated on Detroit

dz Flint electric line. Will sell 40. 80 or 160. Ad-

dress E. G. D.. B. No. 2. Box 43. Oxford. Michigan.


MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS


Near Saginaw and Bay City, in Gladwln and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Easy terms: Clear title. Write

for maps and particulars. S'I‘AFFELD BROTHERS.

I5 Merrill Building. Saginaw. (W. 8.). Michigan.


BIG F‘R" BIIIGIIII_,1,E°§§,'°§“’“‘ on main business


I 0 grown: ccun nest

town. 1% miles out: 100 acres rloh gottom ,land,

suitable for peppermint and sugar beets: {1) some

high clog loam soil. Price $60 or acre if taken

be ore ept. lst. Increasin n value rapidly.

Terms. Address. LOOK BOX Ithaca. Michigan.


To You, Mr. Farmer.


Did you ever stop to consider that the n-

latlon of the world is increasln every yesrfsvfth

practically no increase in In ones since the

world began. In a few years to own a form will

be the hall mark of wealth and distinction.

The wise man will take the ﬁrst opportunity to

get one. You can get one in is new country

which is Just opening up for settlement in

Central British Columbia. The North Coast

Land .. has some ﬁne farming land for sale In

the Prince George district. the valleys of the

Fraser. the Neohaoo. the Bulkley and Sheena

Rivers. The land is productive: the climate ﬁne:

ﬁrst class country for stock.- homo market. The

chance for the farmer to become independent.

For information write.


WHITNEY LAND COMPANY.


420 Germanla. :-: St. Paul. Minn.
112—16 . -.


IrrHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIﬂ


THE MICHIGAN 'FAR'MER


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIﬂ


Farm Commerce.


I.LLEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|II|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII”


New York’s


'Rigid Apple Market Law.


T may at ﬁrst seem out of place

for this publication to give the

wording of the New York state ap-


ple packing law, but there are good

reasons for doing so. First, many

Michigan apples ﬁnd their Way to

New York in spite of the fact that the

sister state is the largest producing

state in the union, and growers who

wish to make it easy for their agents

in the metropolis to sell, want to

know the law that they may conform

to its requirements.


Second, we are anxious to improve

the apple pack in Michigan, and if

the attention of the growers is called

to the provisions of the advanced law

of New York state, they can watch its


inﬂuence on the business and by so . '


doing be better prepared to improve

our own laws.

Again, a similar law in Canada is


working out admirably and is putting '


the fruit shipped from the provinces

on an entirely higher selling basis. If

the New York law does the same and

helps the producers of that state to

develop a better market, gain a better

reputation in the nation’s and world’s

markets, and consequently secure to

the growers greatly improved prices

Michigan farmers generally wish to

be fully apprised of the means where.

by the advantage is gained, and on

the other hand, if it fails to do any or

all of these things they wish to know

that, too.


Following is the text of the law:


An act to regulate the grading,

packing, marking, shipping and sale

of apples. The People of the State

of New York, represented in Senate

and Assembly, do enact as follows:


Section 1. That the standard grades

or classes for apples grown in this

state when packed in closed packages

shall be as follows:


The Fancy Grade Brand.


First. New York standard fancy

grade shall consist of apples of one

variety, which are well-grown speci-

mens, hand-picked, properly packed,

of good color for the variety, normal

shape, free from dirt, diseases, insect

and fungus injury, bruises and other

defects except such as are necessarily

caused in the operation of packing.


Other Grades.


Second. New York standard “A”

grade shall consist of apples of one

variety which are well-grown speci<

mens, hand-picked, properly packed,

of good color for the variety, normal

shape, practically free from dirt, dis-

eases, insect and fungus injury,

bruises and other defects except such

as are necessarily caused in the oper-

ation of packing; or apples of one va-

riety which are not more than ten per

centum below the foregoing speciﬁca-

tions on a combination of all defects

or ﬁve per centum on any single de-

fect.


Third. New York standard “B”

grade shall consist of apples of one

variety which are well-matured, hand-

picked, properly packed, practically

normal shape, practically free from

dirt, diseases, insect, and fungus in-

jury, and which may be of medium or

less than medium color for the varie-

ty; or apples of one variety which are

not more than ten per centum below

the foregoing speciﬁcations on a com-

bination of all defects or ﬁve per

centum on any single defect.


Unclassified Apples.


Fourth. Unclassiﬁed. Apples not

conforming to the foregoing speciﬁca-

tions of grade, or, if conforming, are

not branded in accordance therewith,

shall be classed as unclassiﬁed and so

branded. The minimum size of the

fruit in the package shall also be

branded upon it as heinafter speciﬁed


and in addition to the other marks

hereinafter required.


The marks indicating grade as

above prescribed may be accompanied

by any other designation of grade or

brand if that designation or brand is

not inconsistent with or marked more

conspicuously than the one of the said

four marks which is used on the said

package. Apples packed and branded

in accordance with the United States

law approved August third, nineteen

hundred and twelve, shall be exempt

from the provisions of this act.


The minimum size of the fruit in all

classes or grades, including the un-

classiﬁed, shall be determined by tak-


A Turk Displayingle Truck Crops for

Sa


IIIIII'IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


ing the transverse diameter of the

smallest fruit in the package at right

angles to the stem and blossom end.

Minimum sizes shall be stated in var-

iations of one-quarter of an inch, like

two inches, two and one-quarter

inches, two and one-half inches, two

and three-quarter inches, three inches

three and one-quarter inches, and so

on, in accordance with the facts.


Minimum sizes may be designated

by ﬁgures instead of words. The word

“minimum” may be designated by us-

ing the abbreviation “min.” .


A tolerance or variation of ﬁve per

centum on size shall be allowed in all

classes, but such ﬁve per centum shall

not be in addition to the variations or

tolerances for defects provided in

grades “A” and “B.”


Name and Address of Packer is


Required.


Section 2. Every closed package

containing apples grown in the state

of New York which is packed, sold,

distributed, transported or offered or

exposed for sale, distribution or trans-

portation in the state by any person

shall bear upon the outside of one end

in plain letters and ﬁgures the name

and address of the packer or person

by whose authority the apples were

packed and the package marked, the

true name of the variety, the grade

or class of the apples therein contain-

ed and the minimum size of the fruit

in the package, as provided by section

one. If the true name of the variety

shall not be known to the packer or

the person by whose authority the

package is packed or branded, then

such variety shall be designated as

“unknown.” Every package of apples

which is repacked shall bear the

name and address of the repacker or

the nameof the person by whose au-

thority it is repacked in place of that

of the original packer.


Section 3. It shall be unlawful for

any person within this state, except

under the percentages of tolerance


and variation as allowed by para-

Egraphs second and third of section

one relating to New York standard

“A” and “B” grades, to pack, sell, dis-

tribute, transport, oﬁer or expose for


sale in closed packages apples which


are not hand-picked or which are

wormy or diseased, or which show

fungus or scab injury, unless such

fact or facts shall be plainly stated by

the use of the words “not hand-pick-

ed,” “wormy,” “diseased,” “fungused,”

or “scabby,” as the case may be, said

words to be branded upon the outside

of the same end of the package on

which the marks prescribed by sec-

tion two shall appear.


Section 4. The marks or brands

prescribed by sections one, two and

three, shall be in block letters and

ﬁgures of size not less than 36 point

gothic.


Misbranding Not Tolerated.


Section 5. It shall be unlawful for

any person within the state to pack,

sell, distribute, transport, offer or ex-

pose for sale, distribution or trans-

portation, apples which are adulterat-

ed or misbranded within the meaning

of this act.


Section 6. For the purposes of this

act apples packed in a closed package

shall be deemed to be misbranded:


First. If the package shall fail to

bear all statements required by sec-

tions one, tw0 and three.


Second. If the package shall be

falsely branded or shall bear any

statement design or device regarding

such apples which is false or mislead-

ing, or if the package bears any state-

ment, design or device indicating that


'the apples contained therein are New


York “standard grade” and said ap-

ples when packed or repacked do not

conform to the requirements prescrib-

ed by section one of this act.


Section 7. For the purposes of this


act apples packed in closed packages


shall be deemed to be adulterated if

their quality or grade when packed or

repacked does not conform to the

marks upon the package.


A Fine Provided.


Section 8. Any person who know-

ingly misbrands or adulterates apples

within the meaning of this act, or who

knowingly violates any of the pro-

visions of this act, shall be deemed

guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon

conviction, shall be punished for the

ﬁrst offense by a ﬁne not exceeding

$25 and not less than $10; for the sec-

ond offense by a ﬁne not exceeding

$50 and not less than $25, and for the

third and each subsequent offense by


AUG. .8, 1914.

a ﬁne not exceeding $200 dollars and

not less than $50, together in all cases

with the costs Of prosecution.

Whenever any- such violation is

with respect to a lot or shipment con-


sisting of ﬁfty ormore closed packr


ages, there may be imposed in addi-

tion to the above penalties 25 cents

for the ﬁrst offense, 50 cents for the

second offense and $1.00 for each sub-

sequent offense for each package in

excess of 50 with respect to which

sum violation is committed.


How Enforced.


Section 9. The enforcement of this

act shall be vested in the commis-

sioner of agriculture under rules and

regulations to be adopted by him.


Section 10. No person shall be pros-

ecuted under the provisions of this

act when he can establish a guaranty

signed by the person from whom he

received such articles to the effect

that the same is not adulterated or

misbranded within the meaning of

this act. Said guaranty to be valid

shall contain the true name and ad-

dress of the person or persons mak-

ing the sale, and in such case the

guarantor shall be liable, to the pen-

alties of this act.


Definitions.


Section 11. Dennluons. The word

“person” as used herein shall be con-

strued to include both the singular

and plural, individuals, corporations,

copartnerships, companies, societies

and associations. The act, omission

or failure of any ofﬁcer, agent, ser-

vant or employe acting within the

scope of his employment or ofﬁce

shall be deemed the act, omission or

failure of the principal. The words

“closed package” shall mean a box,

barrel or other package, the contents

of which cannot be seen or inspected

when such package is closed. The

words “not hand-picked” shall include

windfalls, drops and apples shaken or

knocked from the tree by any agency.


Section 12. No person shall on be-

half of any other person pack any

fruit f01 sale, transportation, or dis-

tribution contrary to the provisions of

this act.


Section 13. This act shall not apply

to unpacked apples actually transport-

ed in barrels to storage within this

state until the same are removed from

storage for the purpose of marketing,

sale, transportation or distribution.


Section 14. This act shall take ef-

fect July 1, 1914.


Section 15. All acts or parts of acts

inconsistent herewith are hereby re-

pealed.


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlIlIlIIlIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIiIIIIIIII|IIIIIIiIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII


Faulty Eggs and How they are Classiﬁed.


LARGE per cent of the eggs sent


from the farm never reaches the


consumer. A number of things

may happen to cause them to be

thrown out or used for entirely dif-

ferent purposes than were intended,

and the terms employed by the trade

to describe these damaged eggs are

not always understood by the produc-

er. However, he should know what

the commission man means when cer-

tain terms are used, and how to avoid

or minimize the injury described.


Eggs that are completely wrecked,

(and termed “mashed,” in commerce),

are not only worthless themselves but

they soil a number of eggs, otherwise

good. When the shell is so broken

that the contents are escaping the

egg is termed a “leaker.”


Another class of eggs which have a,

technical term applied to them be-

cause of mechanical injury are the

“checks.” “Checks” are eggs the mem-

branes of which are intact but with

cracked shells. The egg industry has


'to contend with an enormous number


of these. If the crack or defect is

visible only when the egg is held be-

fore a candle or When it is gently tap-

ped against another sound egg itis

called a “blind check.” This tapping

of one egg against another is called

“clicking” by the egg men.


“Leakers” are thrown out at every

stage of handling. The country mer-

chant usually throws them away when

he discovers them, as do the egg ped—

dler and the city retailer. They there-

fore constitute a total loss. “Checks”

are sure to rot quickly when on the

market for they are ready prey for

any mold or germs that may chance


to fall into the crack. They are usu- '


ally disposed of as soon as possible

and are likely to be found in greater

numbers in markets near a section

producing eggs. If found at a dis-

tance from a producing section a

cracked egg is more than likely to be

of a very low quality. However, there

are plenty of “checks” which are

fresh and above reproach except for

the damaged shell, but they must be

handled carefully and rushed to the

consumer as quickly as possible.


Dirt Outside no Indication of Bad


Interior.


The egg with a dirty shell is one of

the most objectionable factors of the

egg industry. However, it must be

remembered that outer ﬁlth is not

conclusive evidence that the contents

of the eggs are infected. Of course,

if eggs have shells that are cracked

as well as dirty, they may well be re-

garded with suspicion.


The great drawback in the case 013
sue. a, 1914.


dirty-shell eggs is that they bring a

lower price in the market, although

the egg may be large and its contents


fresh. Eggs with dirty shells do'not


store well. They are, therefore, not

available for holding when the sur-

plus production is great and when the

market can secure more “clean” eggs

than it needs. Often they scarcely

payvthe expense of marketing.


When shells are stained, as well as

dirty, there is an indication that wa-

ter as well as ﬁlth has come in con-

tact with the egg shell, and such eggs

when stale are often infested with

bacteria that have gone through the

pores of the shell. Stains can not

usually be washed off. Eggs that are

to be kept should never be washed,

as. water will remove the natural coat-

ing that protects the contents of the

eggs.


The highest percentage of dirty-

shell eggs occurs during wet spring

weather. Since they do not keep well

a large number ﬁnd their way to egg«

breaking establishments, as do the

cracked eggs termed “checks.”


Warm Weather and Stale Eggs.


The egg dealer encounters enough

unfavorable conditions resulting from

bad weather without those that result

from rough handling and mechanical

injury. When warm weather prevails

eggs go stale and many of them show

what is termed “heat." This means

that the yolk rises in the shell and is

ﬂattened, and the white becomes thin-

ner than normal, while the air space

in the egg increases in size. In the

fertile egg the change goes further,

for the egg begins to hatch.


What the commercial trade terms a

“weak’ egg or a “watery egg” is mere-

ly a stale one which has usually suf-

fered rough handling. The result is


that the white is frequently thin and


the membrane lining of the egg prop-

er has become so loosened that the

latter rattles around loosely when the

egg is turned. In the late summer

and autumn when the hens are not

laying, and country merchants are

withholding stocks for high prices in

the future, such eggs form a very

large proportion of the current re-

ceipts of the city market.


EFFICIENT MANAGERS AND GOOD

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM NEEDED.


When the farmers determined to

enter the ﬁeld of co-operative grain

marketing they were beset by many

obstacles. In the ﬁrst place it was

difﬁcult for them to procure trackage

sites from the railroads for their ele-

vators. When they did procure sites

and build their elevators, every possi-

ble device of destructive competition


was brought into play by the line ele--


vator companies to kill them before

they could get fairly stated. Add to

these difﬁculties the inexperience of

the farmers in business affairs, and

the resulting poor management of

their elevators, and it is only natural

that a great many failed. In spite

of early discouragements, the farm-

ers persevered, and today we have a.

goodly number of successful farmers’

elevators in many of the states of the

grain belt—~notably Illinois, Iowa, Wis-

consin, Minnesota, North Dakota

South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas.


Frequent failures among farmers'

elevator companies, however, have

not been conﬁned to the early days

of the movement. They are still oc-

curring With deplorable frequency.

Competition of line elevator com-

panies at local points still persists.

Poor management, in the form of in-

efﬁcient managers and cumbersome

and faulty accounting systems, is

still common. Every year, scores of

farmers’ elevators are closed in the

northwest, but the aggregate number

in operation is steadily increasing,

owing to the entrance of new com-

panies every year. These facts sug-


gest the principal problem connected

with the farmers’ elevator movement

today, viz.,what means shall be adopt-

ed to place existing companies on‘ a


sound basis, and. to insure to new

companies a reasonable chance of

permanent success?——L. D. H. Weld.


MARKET FRUIT CAREFULLY.


Only a little extra time and skill are

required to market plums and apples

properly. If they reach the market

pooly graded, and bruised, or in dirty,

broken packages, they cannot com-

mand good prices. Every farm paper

advertises the clean, neat packages,

necessary to show fruits advanta-

geously.


Pick with care. Dont wait for

plums to soften or apples to become

mealy. They should be well colored


and large, but still ﬁrm. A soft plum '


will not stay up in the market and

neither will the price. .Fall apples

may be picked when full size is reach-

ed without regard to color, or the

color may be allowed to develop if

desired, but the fruit must not be al-

lowed to soften or drop if it is to be

handled proﬁtably.


Discard all bruised, stung, or mis-

shapen plums and grade as No. 1

those of good color, and as No. 2

those inferior in coloring. Sort ac-

cording to size so that every package

is uniform throughout in size of plums

which it contains. The same sugges-

tions apply to apples, especial care,

being taken to discard those that are

wormy, scabby, bruised, or stung. Uni-

formity in color and size of fruit and

size of package, combined with neat-

ness and cleanliness of package, will

add greatly to the market price of the

fruit—W. G. Brierly.


|IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllIllllllllIlllllllIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIHIIIIIIIIIIIII|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll


Crop and Market Notes.


Michigan.


Hillsdale 00., July 24.—Crops of all

kinds are good. Yield of Wheat is

from 22 to 41 bushels per acre, and

half the crop is threshed. Oats are

good; corn is very ﬁne; potatoes are

better than usual; hay is _a good crop.

There has been a fair amount of rain-

fall. There are no apples, plums or

peaches. Timothy is selling at $10;

oats 33c; wheat 760; eggs 18@200.


Northern Isabella and Southern

Clare Co.’s, July 29.—Haying is nearly

done, with barely an average crop, but

secured in good shape. Potato bugs

are plentiful; all crops looking well;

oats are nearly ready to cut; wheat all

cut and of good quality. Huckleberry

pickers rushing north for berries and

they are a short crop. The following

is the Clare market: Cream 240; but-

ter 170; eggs 17c; red wheat 740;

white wheat 74c; rye 500; oats 34c;

beans $1.65.


Saginaw Co., July 27.—Wheat har-

vested in good condition, yielding

about 35 bushels per acre. Oats are

ripening fast, and promises to be a

very heavy crop. A few are already

cutting oats; corn is looking ﬁne. The

county has a heavy hay crop, nearly

all harvested. Heavy rains have

somewhat injured beans, though the

county has large acreage. Butter-fat

271,40; eggs 18c.


New York.


Niagara 60., July 28.——At last we

are having a little rain; wheat is me-

dium, not ﬁlled in heads on account

of prolonged dry weather. Oats are

heading up short; corn and potatoes

very good; hay two-thirds of a crop;

beans are looking ﬁne. An abundance

of early apples, but not so many late

apples as was expected in the spring.

Some apples, pears and quinces were

struck with blight. Pears are medi-

um crop but aphis is thick. Peaches

so scarce that $3 a basket is rumored.

Plums half a crop. Pork is 71750 per

pound, or $7.50 per cwt; eggs and but-

ter are 21c. Cherries have been an

abundant crop and only 2@3c per lb;

baskets of 6 lbs. scarcely selling now

at 110. .


Lapeer Co., Aug. 1.—Threshing is

on and grain is not yielding up to ex-

pectations. Onions look ﬁne, and the

beans, with the exception of those

ﬁelds damaged by the frost of June

19, look good. Hay is very light.

Potatoes in many instances are de-

veloping very large vines and some

farmers fear that there will be few

potatoes; however, the acreage is

large. Both early and late apples are

plentiful here; pears are fairly good;

plums scarce and peaches are a com-

plete failure. Eggs are 18c; butter

20c. Calves sell slowly, while chick-

ens bring good prices. Army worm

has nearly run its course. Many good

ﬁelds'of corn are to be found, but


(Continued on page 111).


THE MICHIGAN-FARMER


SiliEYENS


Featherweight Gun


as its reputation.


List price $20.00. Sold


This


is the


STEVENS


6fshot Repeating

Shotgun, No. 520,


which sells by retail dealers

for only $21.60 except west of

Mississippi River and in Canada.

List price $25.00. The easiest oper-

ating Repeating Shotgun in the World.


at heel zg inches—no deviation.


lWith a price as low as its

a weight and a performance as big


dealers for $16.50 except west of Mis-

s13s1pp1 River and in Canada.

If we put a fancy stock on this splendid STEVENS shotgun

it Would look be‘ter than many which cost from $60 to

$80. The only reason that your dealer can sell it to you

so reasonably is because of our low manufacturing cost——

low because we are the largest manufacturers of sporting

ﬁrearms in the world.

This gun is 20 gauge throughout— (not a 16 gauge

or I 2 .gauge with 20 gauge barrels!) It weighs

only 6 lbs. Frame ornamented with a neat scroll;


stock slim in the grip; graceﬁilinoutline and ﬁnely

ﬁnished, but meant for good, hard shooting.


Made in 12. gauge only, 26, 28, 30 and 37.

inch barrels. 72 lbs. Chambered to take 22

inch shells. Length .of stock 13% inches; drop


If you want a Repeating Shotgun that is worth from two

to three times what we ask for it your best choice is

the Stevens No. 520. There is nothing as quick as this


17—113


Somethigg

m


£11m


No. 845


by retail


26, 28 or 30 inch barrels, all tested with

Nitro powder; cylinder, modiﬁed or full

choked. Length of stock 13%

inches; drop at heel about 3

inches. Nothing on the mar-

ket can touch this STE-

VENS a. o G a u g e

Double Barrel Ham-

merless Shotgun.


Ask Your

Dealer


No. 5 20 made.


intelligent choice.


FREE Book About Guns & Rifles


Write us to-day--now--for complete, illustrated “Gun Book”

showing every kind of gun and rifle under the sun--all of them,

with the STEVENS reputation for honest workmanship back

of them. Write for your copy to—day, so you can have a full

description of all our guns before you. Then you can make an


J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY


15 Broadway

CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS.


2000 Farmers

in Arkansas

Have been supplied by the State with


Ferguson’s


NITROGEN

BACTERIA


This is in connection with the concerted

movement to advance the growing of

Alfalfa in Arkansas. Realizing the great

possibilities in this crop when given

thoroughly favorable conditions. the

State has supplied 2000 farmers with a

quantity of seed, lime and Ferguson's

Bacteria for Nitrogen inoculation.


Ferguson’s Bacteria are a composite cul-

ture for all legumes, alfalfa. clover. vctch,

peas. beans, etc. They gather Nitrogen

from the air and store it up as plant-

food on the roots of the plants. A large

part. of the Nitrogen is left in the ground

to enrich it for the future.


Goofs only I heuon as much no

tho but oommorolol forlillzor


Quarter-acre quantity. 50c.; 1 acre, ‘2;

5 some $9. Let us explain why you need

Nitrogen Bacteria and why Ferguson’s

is best. Write for special booklet M—free.


HOMEWOOD NITROGEN CO.

5| Liberty 81.. New York (my.

We want agents—A very liberal oﬁ‘er,


‘ EVE N IF‘ IT

COST NOTHING

Nerf"; 1...”: _‘ r-


- w,


AN ("SH—AGE


Al EXPENSIVE

MACHINE. :: 3


THE


IS A DEPENDABLE CUTTER. WELL DESIGNED AND

STRONG. OPERATES WITH LESS HELP AND IS

MODERATELY PRICED. WHY TAKE A CHANCE?


,srroven MFG. co.

3" CORNELL ST. - FREEPORT. ILL-


“ ‘LSO BUILD ““30“ WIND IILL‘ALFALFA ”IUD-

"I. "I'D .IIIOIR‘. crown P mus.

III-P JADKS. mu “TIL“.


,_i__ _.__.


‘ . —“‘——T"‘T '—_T"T‘T_ ‘hl

An” ONLY $5 DOWN'O“!

SIZE Year to Pay


w

s buys the reliable U. 8. En- . ._

gine (size 1% H. P.) direct ' ' ' '

from our factory on easy

payments of only $5 down and $3 a

month. Free Catalog Folder shows

nine larger sizes all sold at similar = 1 3,

l‘clw prices agdson very sissy terms. '

mﬂ'i‘b’fm 33.1.“ ““

manufacturmﬁ ex-

”:ii‘eﬁfi" in“

‘50 ”.l’u.»

l r o a

trial


Burn Gasoline.

erosene or Distillate ‘

-—have double the power of other engines of

ual weight—are easresttomove—eusy to get at

— e u least a ace—run smoothest—start easy—-

burn less cal and sat longer. Free Catalog Folder

gives 18 reasons for U.S. su iprity and quotes low

easy-to-pay factory prices. rite now.


(I) I. 3. “all! WORKS. 3722 Ogden Iv... GIIIOIGO

—


V *’ “ ” Hand

% Stump

. w Puller


Write for special Advertisin Offer. Most wonderful

land cleaner made. 'Finest ru patoel frame, hard~

gnqd steel parts: weight only 1 libs. Vl'oman with

OK "€311 toutpuhl heaiﬁest team. Year guarantee.

or rs ure 8 ows “ " '

blaze“ ﬁr and cedar stumpg'ctually removing world a

WALTER I. FITZPATRICIC

Box 4. 1926 2nd Ave. SEATTLE! WASH.


SEED WHE‘T—White Plymoth Rock. Hardy winter


variety, very stiff straw, free from

smut. 81.35 In 6 bu. lots or more. bags free, sample.

Guarantee this wheat to out yield any other kind under

some conditions, or Will refund 40 etc. a bu. to make

present market price. E. 8. Christiansen. 00ral,Mich.


WHITE CEDAR FENCE P08TS‘i‘v‘l‘i‘3


Cedar Fence Posts, 7 ft, 8 ft. and 10 It. 1 sum

Special attention given to farmer club orders.en rité

or prices and terms. 1". G. COWL Y, ﬁooda. Mich.


The Michigan Farmer (Inc v...-

The New York (ta-week) World my...


Both for only $I.20.I


The New York World comes to you three times

each week thus giving you practically a New

York dniIY. The New York World is unexcellec

as I newspaper and will keep you posted on thd

news of the world. Send all orders to


THE MICHIGAN FARMER. Detroit, Mich.


Please mention the Mich. Farmer

when writing to advertisers.
THEMI'CHfIGAN ‘FAR'ME‘R'


AUG. 8, 1914.


‘ 114—18

EIIIUIIHIllllll|||||l||lllllllIllllllllllllllllillllIllIllllllllllllllllllIll|llllllllmlll“lllllllllllHlllllllllll{ﬂ

.2:— a E

g Farmers Clubs g

ElllllllllllllIlllllllINN!lIllllIHHlHIM!“IHHIIHIHIIHH”Ill|IHIIIIIIIIll|II”llIlHllHHIIIIIHIIIHIHIIIIE


Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.


Associational Motto:


“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable

asset.”


CLEAN LITERATURE IN THE

HOME.


Paper read before the North Shade

Farmers’ Club by Mrs. Geo. Emrick

311mb published at the request of the


u .


(Continued from last week).


President Eliot said: “There are

bits of poetry learned in infancy that

have inﬂuenced my life more than all

the sermons I have ever heard. A

child will remember what it reads,

much longer than a message from the

pulpit. Let us give our children books

containing noble characters, such as

Gene Stratton Porter has portrayed

in ‘Freckles,’ and ‘The Girl'from the

Limberlost.’ Harold Bell Wright’s

works are all true to nature, having

noble character and a good moral.


"I—sTi-all not try to enumerate the

many good works, which are being

written by men and women who are

trying by their pens to make the

world better. Reading is like travel-

ing, it broadens our vision. Few of

us can afford the expense of a trip to

the remote parts of our own country,

but we can all afford the price of a.

good book.


In writing a story, the author goes

to the place where he expects to lay

its plot and studies local conditions.

After reading the story, we have quite

a good idea of that locality, naturally,

historically and geographically. “The

trail of the Lonesome Pine,” by John

Fox, Jr., gives us a ﬁne picture of life

in West Virginia and Kentucky. Also

the awful workings Of a mountain

feud. “The Sky Pilot,” by Ralph Con-

nors, takes us up to northwestern

Canada, so if we can not travel our-

selves, let us do so by reading.


Boys and girls should be supplied

with books, suitable to their age.

Mothers, read the books your boys

and girls read; you may have to cook

less and dress plainer, but it is worth

a great sacriﬁce, it will guard the chil-

dren and will keep you young in

mind.


In teaching We always emphasize

the “do’s,” and minimize the “don’ts.”

This I have been trying to do, but

there are four don’ts I wish to em-

phasize. ,


First, don't allow in your home the

unclean daily paper, that advertises

liquors and tobacco, that brings out

all the nasty points in a divorce case,

and all the horrible ones in a mur-

der trial. That paper is poison to your

child’s morals.


Second, don’t allow in your homes

the cheap magazine that advertises

all sorts of get-rich-quick schemes,

and medicines which will not cure,

and also medicines for purposes that,

if your family physician would do the

same thing, he would be put behind

the bars, and yet these things are

thrown in the way of our young men

and women. I


Third, don’t allow the detective or

the wild western story in your homes.

Those stories give the boys the wrong

impression of life. Detective work is

a business, not a romance. In the

story, the detective always comes out

all right, but in real life, sometimes

he does not come back at all. The

ﬁrm of Pinkertons could testify to

this. Wild western stories cause our

boys to become thugs, highwaymen

and bank robbers.


Fourth, all stories have a vein of

love running through them. A story,

to be interesting, must have a woman

in it, and where a woman is there will

be love, but bar from your homes the


silly story that is nothing but love.

It gives your daughter a mistaken

view of life. She will expect a young

man to fall upon his knees to offer

his hand in marriage, a thing no self.

respecting young man would do, but

that is the attitude they strike in her

favorite story, and she will not accept

a proposal made in a straight-forward

way, such as men use in real life.


But worse than that, is the story

that pictures the girl running away


from her parents and going to the.


city, and becoming a great lady or ac-

tress, or marrying a rich man.


That is not true to nature. A girl

that runs away and goes to the city,

without friends, will be far more like-

ly to become a great‘nothing, and is

taking great chances of getting in a

white slave den. As we love our

daughters, let us keep these things

far from them.


Let us be more careful of the books

we read, than of the food we eat. Un-

clean food might kill the body, but

unclean literature will kill the soul.

Let us ﬁll our homes with good, clean

literature that will train the minds

and educate the heart, as well as.

amuse.


CLUB DISCUSSIONS.


A Home-Coming.———The East Nankin

Farmers’ Club held a Fourth of July

celebration and home-coming at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Lathers.

The day was opened with a ball game

between the East Nankin ball club

and the Elm ball club, in which the

East Nankin club won. A picnic din-

ner was the next thing on the pro-

gram, which was followed by a patri-

otic address by the Rev. Wm. S.

Buck, of Detroit. Mr. R. J. Lather

gave a short historical sketch of the

settlement and development of the

neighborhood. Mrs. Martin Stringer,

of Wayne, gave a temperance reading,

followed by two vocal selections by

Mr. Chas. Smith, of Detroit. A very

strenuous tug-of-war was then held

between the married man and the sin-

gle men, in which the married men

won. This was followed by games

and races of all sorts, and a ball game

between the married men and the sin.

gle men, in which the single men were

victorious. After the ball game the

company dispersed. Between 250 and

300 people were present.—-—Cyrus Lath-

ers, Sec. ’


Will Take Month’s Vacation.——The

July meeting of the Somerset Farm-

ers’ Club was entertained at the home

of Mr. and Mrs. M. R. Morton, Satur-

day, July 25. Meeting was called to

order by the president, Mr..Harry

Lombard. Opened by singing, “Mich-

igan, My Michigan.”

prayer by Mr. L. T. Smith, reading of

minutes, reports of committees, etc.

Resolutions were adopted on the

death of a member and former secre-

tary, Mrs. Mary Carney. A paper,

“Am I my brother’s keeper?” read by

Mrs. Mary Lane, was discussed by

Rev. Bellewe. Roll call was answered

by temperance notes, a talk on Eng-

land and Scotland, and who visited

those countries last year, was given

by Rev. Pellewe. He began with a

graphic description of his trip across

the ocean and of the gigantic icebergs

the ship encountered, but unlike the

ill-fated Titanic was piloted safely

through the dangerous bergs and

safely into port. He said the ﬁrst two

noticeable features Were the ‘beautiful

green grass, an emerald green, so dif-

ferent from our American grass, and

the rosy complexions of the English

ladies, who surpass the American lad-

ies and their white faces. But, he

added, the English lords are attracted

more by the green backs of our Am-

erican daughters than by rosy faces.

He told us of the grand old castles,

the gorgeous scenery, notable struc-

tures, and so many things for which

England is famous. Altogether it was

very enjoyable. After the rendering

of several excellent literary numbers

a very able address on the subject of

“Temperance,” was given by Rev. G.

M. Vanbuskirk. It was a plain, force-

ful, and I may say, powerful, setting

forth of the evils of intemperance. He

was listened to with rapt attention.

Some of the many things We would

remember was, “That 90 per cent of

the criminals in our penal institutions

are there through the curse of alco-

holic drinks.” “China is leading the

world in getting rid of the opium

curse.” The meeting then adjourned

to meet, after one month’s vacation,

with Mr. and Mrs. A. Houghtaling, on

September 26. Tables were then

spread at which 50 sat down to a

sumptuous repast, which concluded a


very enjoyable afternoon.———Mrs. Z. E.‘


White, Cor. Sec.


Followed by-


Elllllll|IllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllﬂlllllllllllliIllIllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllIlllllllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllﬂ

s Grange. g

ElllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllIlllllllllllllll||llIIlllll|lllllllllllﬂllllllllllllIIIIllﬂlllllIlllllllllllllllllﬁ


Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be ﬁrst improved.” ' '


STATE GRANGE TO ASK NEEDED

LAWS.


At a recent meeting at Lansing of

the executive committee of the State

Grange, resolutions were passed en-

dorsing, among other things, ajlaw

guaranteeing bank deposits in Michi-

gan and the complete tonnage tax

law. '


With the elimination of salt and the

ﬁxing of graduated rates for iron the

committee completed the Grange’s

tonnage tax measure, which is now.

ready for circulation of petitions re-

quired by the initiative. The rate on

reﬁned copper is one—fourth cent, as

previously ﬁxed; while coal is listed

at two cents the ton.


Iron received the biggest share of

attention, great effort and much time

being devoted by members of the

committee to distributing the imposi-

tion upon an equitable rate. The rate

will average about seven and one-half

cents the ton. The ores are divided

according to the technical designation

of Besemer and non-Besemer ores. Of

the former there are two classes: All

ores of 48 to 53 per cent “metallic

iron content natural,” are class A and

given a rate of 12 cents the ton; all

Besemer ore above 53 per cent as

above, are B class and have a rate of

15 cents the ton.


The non-Besemer ores have three

classiﬁcations, as follows: All ores of

less than 48 per cent “metallic iron

content natural’ are rated at two cents

the ton; all between 48 an 53 per cent

inclusive at seven and one-half cents;

and all over 53 per cent at 10 cents a

ton.


Provision is also made in the ton-

nage tax measure, whereby 80 per

cent of the speciﬁc tax is to go to the

general fund of the st’ate, and the

remaining 20 per cent to be returned

to the counties, “for purposes here-

after to be determined.” The only

phase of the whole matter, untouched

by the proposed tonnage tax bill is

what disposition shall be made of the

money that is returned to the coun-

ties.


The Grange declaration for guaran-

tee of bank deposits does not go into

detail, but broadly places the Michi-

gan State Grange on record as favor-

ing such legislation. Discussions in

the committee touched upon this

guarantee for state bank only, but

it was shown that this would exclude

the private bank in the small rural

community and eventually drive them

out of business, since few of the

smaller institutions could capitalize at

the $20,000 minimum now required of

state banks. The formal attitude of

the Grange, however, leaves it up to

the Legislature to make a law reach-

ing these smaller banks. If necessary,

several of the executive committee

would favor admitting the small

banks under some sort of provision

whereby they would be automatically

compelled to increase their capital

stock as the deposits increase.


The resolutions also declared the

attitude of the Grange toward M. A.

C. as follows:


“The Michigan Agricultural College

ranks ahead of such institutions in

this country and is generously accord-

ed that position,” says the Grange

resolution, which then declares that

the college’s “leadership should be

conﬁned to agriculture and its-related

arts. In that ﬁeld its prestige must

never suffer through any niggardly

ﬁnancial policy or petty personal and

political considerations.”


Besides the above the committee

also took action favoring the Smith-

Lever bill, by which the federal gov-

ernment makes a liberal appropria-


tion available for agricultural exten-

sion work, and equal in amount to

that raised by the state.


In line with its policy of bringing

the nomination of political candidates

as near to the individual citizen as

possble; the Grange favors the elec-’

tion of delegates to the national poli-

tical conventions by district and dele-

gates at large at primaries to be held

on the same day with annual township

meetings.


Their ﬁfth recommendation to the

Legislature is for the creation of a.

state trade commiSSion, which would

do for the market products of the

state, what the. proposed federal trade

commission ,is to do. for interstate

commerce. Problems related to the

“high cost‘of living,’,.’ caused by the

present long route from producer to

consumer, would be within the power

of the trade commission to study and

solve.


The Grange also asks for the repeal

of the hucksters’ license law so far as

it relates to country store keepers’

wagons making deliveries through the

country.


The committee took action in sup-

port of the Woodruff good roads bill,

in preference to other road bills which

are pending before Congress. The

committee favors the Woodruff bill

because it is modeled upon the state

highway plan whereas the other bills

pending are federal post road sys-

tems.


At the coming meeting of the Legis-

lature the Grange will also ask for

a law regulating the galvanizing of

Wire fence. They state that fencing

is one of the most important problems

confronting the farmers and they want

to see that he is not sold fence that

will be useless in a few years. The

Grange Will also likely recommend a

law providing for the testing of fence.

They say that wire fencing is a neces-

sity as board and hedge fences are

impractical.


The mortgage tax law will also be

amended if the Grange has its way.

The law now provides for the pay-

ment of taxes on mortgages by the

payment of a recording fee. The

Grange leaders do not think this is

enough. They think the holder of a

mortgage should pay an annual tax.


The Grange’s service to the state in

the ﬁeld of legislation has been most

valuable, and all Grangers can be

pround of the inﬂuence the Grange

has had for good along this line of

Work.


A WORD FROM BRANCH COUNTY.


Branch County Pomona Grange, No.

22, met with Unity Grange at the

pleasant home of Matt H. Garrett on

Thursday, July 16, with a record-

breaking attendance, to be entertained

by a single Grange, 430 by actual

count being served at dinner, Unity

Grange doing the honors. The meet-

ing was held in the orchard and on

the spacious lawn of Bro. Garrett, one

of our most enterprising and bust-

ling patrons who, by the way, is a

very successful breeder of Polled Dur-

ham cattle, and will make a large ex-

hibit of his stock at Cleveland, Colum<

bus and Detroit fairs the coming fall.

The attendance was around the 600

mark during the rendering of a splen-

did program of music, recitations,

readings and papers, by some of our

leading patrons of Branch county.


To specialize would make too long

a paper for publication. Sufﬁce to say

that all did ﬁne, and nearly everyone

was obliged to respond to an encore.

The children did remarkably well,

showing in a marked degree what the

Grange is accomplishing in an educa-

tional way. Branch county Pomona

Grange has over 300 active members

and many more in sight. We aim to

meet once each year with every

Grange in the county, and help, not

hinder, progress. We have 13 Granges

in the county, all but one being very

strong, and have a marked inﬂuence

for good—Wallace E. Wright, Deputy.
' ﬁllllIlllllIIlllllllIlllll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllmﬁ

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.


Advice through this departuient is

free to our subscribers. Each com-

munication should state history. and

symptoms of the case in full; also

name and address of writer. Initials

only will be published. Many quer-

ies are answered that apply to the

same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably


ﬁnd the desired information in a re-.


ply that has been made to someone

else. When reply by mail is request-

ed. it becomes private practice, and a

fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.


Sore Ears and Skin—I have 17 pigs

in orchard; part of it is growing June

grass and the other rape, and several

of my pigs have sore. ears and .sores

on body. M., Sprlngport, Mich.—

I am inclined to believe that eating

rape is causing this skin eruption, or

it may be caused from the moisture

getting on body from runmng in rape

and high grass. Apply one part ox1de

zinc and seven parts vaseline to sore

parts of body every day or two.


Cow Gives Bloody Milk—My seven-

year-old cow came fresh aiweek ago

and must give bloody milk for we

ﬁnd streaks of blood on inside of sep-

arator bowl; this cow appears to be

in perfect health and we have never

had any trouble with her before. Mrs.

W. O’M., Melven, Mich—If you keep

her in a stable, bed her well and

Where she is inclined to lie nights, be

sure it is free from pebbles and blocks

of wood. for she may injure her ud-

der when down; besides, if she is in-

clined to step over fences or out of

ditch, she may injure her bag in this

way. Apply the following lotion t0

udder three times a day: Dissolve 1/1,

lb. of acetate of lead in a quart of

water.


Rheumatism.——I have a sow that

either has rheumatism or a sort of

paralysis affecting nearly the whole

body, but more so in hind quarters.

E. C., Elwell, Mich—If the basement

barn you keep her in is damp and not

well ventilated, remove her to a dry,

airy place, or perhaps outdoors un-

der a shade tree. Give her '15 grs. of

sodium salicylate and 20 grs. of pow-

dered nitrate of potash at a dose in

feed three times a day. Feed her

oats and grass and it will do no harm

to give her some skim or buttermilk.


Stunted Calves—Indigestion—For

the past 30 days my calves have not

gained a pound, but do not show any

particular symptoms of sickness and

I am sure they are not lousy. N. G.,

Cedar, Mich—Mix together equal

parts of ground gentian, ginger, bicar-

bonate soda and give each calf a tea-

spoonful at a dose in milk or feed

three times a day. Are you sure they

are having plenty of good feed and

should they not be sprayed with a ﬂy

repellant? '


Mare Pants in Hot Weather.—I

have a black Percheron mare. 10 years

old that eats well, keeps fat, works

all right in cold weather, but as soon

as the sun shines hot she pants badly

and seldom perspires. She has athick

coat of hair and resting her does not

give much relief. G. M. P., Jones-

ville, Mich—Your mare should be

clipped

bright cover her with a white sheet.

Give her 4 drs. tincture of arnica and

6 drs. sweet spirits of ni re in a pint

of water as a drench t tee times a

day. The skin should be washed with

warm water twice a day. ' Black col-

ored horses seldom stand the heat as

well as lighter colored animals.


Surfeit.——I have a mare ﬁve years

old that just foaled, but lost her colt;

since then she has not done well nor

ﬂeshed up, and this morning she is

covered with pimples on neck and

side. J. N., Martin, Mich—Give your

mare 1 oz. bicarbonate soda and a

teaspoonful of powdered nitrate of

potash at a dose in feed three times a

day, and wash her with tepid water

twice a day.


Garget.——Have a cow that came

fresh one month ago which has gar-

get affecting one teat. G. H., Meta-

mora, Mich—Apply one part iodine

and 20 parts fresh lard to gargety

portion of udder every day or two.


Suppurating Foot.-——I have two cows

that are troubled With sore feet, both

aﬂected in a similar way, and I would

like to know if it is dangerous to use

their milk. C. A. R., Big Rock, Mich.

—I do not believe it unsafe to use

their milk. Saturate foot in one part

carbolic acid and ten parts water, or

apply equal parts of powdered alum

and oxide of Zinc, or apply air-slaked

lime once or turns a day.


Infected Colt—I have a colt two

weeks old that has bunch on stiﬂe

, joint causing lameness. and I am un-

able to say what caused it. F. S. W.,

Fenton, Mich—Apply one part tinc-

ture iodine and nine parts spirits of


and when the sun shines


1 TIM ”my

00 38...}{EMEDY


33 Package CUREB any case or money refunded

81 Package CUBES ordinary oases. Mineral Heawe

Remedy Co.. 463 N. Fourth Ave.. Pittsburgh.Pa


F0“ SALE“Gm¥2-year-old Percheron Stallion.


wei in 1700 pounds. 24 months old.

Price. 500. M. A. SIBAR. Okemos. Ingham 00.. Mich.


Registered Percherons,

BBOOD MABES. FILLIES AND YOUNG

STALLIONS at prices that will surprise you.

L. C. HUNT & 00.. Eaton Rapids. Michigan.


FOR SALE—Registered weanling> Stallion

Colts from our best ercheron


Mares. Write. R. s. HUDSON. Michlgnn Agri-


cultural College. E. Lansing. Michigan.


BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.


ABERDEEN ANGUS


Bull calves and yearlings ready for service. Sired

b Louis of Viewpont II. Closely related to_ﬂve

Gvrand Champions—Brother. Sister. Sire. Site's

Brother and Grandsire. (International Grand Cham -

ion for three years in succession. Prices 875 up. Wi I

meet prospective purchasers either at Somerset,

Addison or Addison Junction.


You are bound to get good calves from these bulls

even with strongly dairy type grade cows.


GEO. B. SMITH 6 CO..


ADDISON AND SOMERSET. MICHIGAN.


ABERDEEN-ANGUS


HERD FOUNDED IN 1900.

Strains regresented consist of Trojan Ericas. Black-

birds and rides. only. Black Quality Ito. n bull of

rare individuality and merit, heads the herd.

\VOODCOTE STOCK FARDI. Ionia. Mich.


MILO D. CAMPBELL: CHAS. J. ANGEVINE.


BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS


We have for sale imported and

home bred Bull Calves, ranging


from 10 months down. They are

ﬁne and have had the best of care.

Send for sale list, or what is better

for both parties, come and see them.


CAMPBELL &. ANEEVIHE. Coldwaler, Mich.


G —anous May Bose Strain. A select herd.

"CHIS!” Tub. Tested. Several A. . O. Cows.

J. K. Blatohford. Winder-mere Farm.Watervliet.Mich.


e have for sale a number of pureGuernsey cows.

heifers and bulls. also Berkshire hogs.

VILLAGE FARM. Grass Lake. Michigan.


HEREFORD BULLS 33.22.333.313


ALLEN 13308.. Paw Paw. Michigan.


FAIR LAWN FARM


OFFERS A SPLENDID YOUNG


Holstein Bull


His dam a 21.27 lb. 3-year—old. His

three nearest dams average 25.64 lbs.

butter in 7 days.


Write or come at once to


REED & KNOWLES,

HOWELL, MICHIGAN.


A Chance To Get Just What You Want.


IO A. R. 0. cows. YOUR CHOICE of my entire herd.

4 service bulls. one to three years old. 5 very choice

bull calves. If you are wanting Bolsheins. you

better take advantage of this cportunity.


L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.


Holstem-Fnesnan Breeder‘ﬁﬁf “"2338 3;”;

represented. D. D. AITKEN. Flint. Michigan.


HOLSTEINS 8: BERKSHIRES‘Egzggdsgg


priced reasonable. B. B. BEAVEY, Akron, Mich.


TIE THREE BEST ROLSTEIN CATTLE


P lend Chi H and 8. C. White Leghorns.

° Foﬁisrmglnn s'rocn FARM


M. E. Chamberlain Jr. Prop“ Romeo. Mich.


I have on hand 1m high grade

noblein COWS Heifers. age 6 me. to 2% yrs., lots

of unlity and in good condition. Also a fine selection

of Tull Mltured cows. Arthur Birkholl, New Buﬂnlmlich.


Very Choice Holstein Bulls


Al Farmers Prices.

Long Beach Farms. Augusta. Kalamazoo 00.. Mich.


HOLSTEIN Bull 8 months old. large. straight. heavy


boned. handsome fellow. with A. 13.0. dam. Bis sire

has 24 A.B.O. sisters. including Pontiac De Nblander

% lbs. butter in 7 (ohm ion cow of Michigan).

395 delivered. HOB RT W. AY. Meson. Mich.


HOLSTEIN PERSIAN CATTLE. Bulls for sale.

the kind that will satisfy or money refunded.

JONES I 11012. Oak Grove. Michig-


V'THE. MICHIGAN FARMER


meme" llOlE illll Tllllllllﬁ Sillllllll.

LAPEER. MICHIGAN.

Breeder of High Grade Holstein Cattle. Lists and

prices upon application.


BIGELOW’S IIOLSTEIN FARMS


Breedsville, Michigan.

B or of high class


Registered .. Holsteins.

“Top=Notch” Holsteins.


Extra large fine young bull. 9S white, born Oct. 4, 1913.

Dam has ofﬁcial record of 29.40 lbs. butter in 7 days.

117.50 lbs. in 30 da 8. Sire's dam is n 22.641b. 4-yr.-old

dau liter of a 3).!) lb. cow.


Mcf’HERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Michigan.


—- l i t, d H l t'

Hill SALE ﬁliﬁiiﬁniguigé‘l‘i‘éﬂ? 233’s. $5.513


breeding. HATCH HER Ypsilanti, Michigan.


EOISTERED HOLSTEINS—Herd headed by Albina

Bonte Butter Boy No. 93124. whose dam has semi-

oﬁicial yearly record. Butter802 lbs. Milk 18622le. as a

2-yr.-old. N0 stock for 8616. W. 8. Reader. Howell, Mich.


ESPANORE FARM,

LANSING, MICH.


Hegisier’d Holsteins


Bull Calves $50 to $200.


An absolute guarantee with each purchase.

CHASE S. OSBOBN. Owners . . HATCH.

ADAM E. FERGUSON. S ' Supt.


Purebred Registered


HOLSTEIN CA TT L E

The Greatest Dairy Breed


. Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets


Holstein-Friesicn. Auc..Box l64. Brnttleboro,Vt.


FOR SAL E—BLOODEDJERSEY

BULL 17 months old.


EARLE M. HOUGH. PINE CREST FARM.

Royal Oak. :—: :-: Michigan.


JERSEYS—Bull calves nearly ready for service.

Sired by Jacoba’s Fairy Emanon 10711.1.

SMITH & PARKER. Howell. Michigan.


—Jerseys, two-year-old heifers bred, year-

For Sale ling heifers. hulls ready for service bull

and heifer spring calves. All canbe registered. rite

what you want. W. HELME. Adrian. Mich.


MAPLE Lane Reg‘ster of Merit; Jersey Herd—Tu-

berculin tested by U. Government. Bull calves

from cows in R. of M. test. Heifer calves whose dams,

grand-dams. and rent rand-dams are in the Register

of Merit. Iii IN 0X, Allegan. Michigan.


“0“ 1” SERVICEE‘inS‘étgtfItin‘idi‘i‘l‘é'iu‘éii‘.’


GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.


HILL CREST JERSEYS.


I would sell two or three young cows. Come and

see them. A herd of 20 to choose from.

S. B. WATTLES. Troy. Michigan.


Lillie Farmstead Jerseys


(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber-

ouloeil.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. 0 females for sale at

present. Satisfaction uaranteed. '


COLON C. LILY. . Coonenville. Mich.


J ERS Eys—YEARLINO BULL READY FOR

SERVICE. Also bull calves.

Brookwster Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.


19—115 _


O l C 9 —I HAVE A NICE LOT OF


- . 5. LAST FALL GILTS 0N


HAND. OTTO B. SCHULZE. One-half mile

west of Depot. Nashville. Michigan.


0 I C —Take orders for springﬂigs. One Brno. ﬁne

. . I type Jersey Bu I. rice reasonable.

N. H. Weber. OakView Farm, Royal Oak. Michigan.


0 I c Choice pigs. two to four mos" the long

. . - bodied kind. One choice gilt. bred for

ﬂush. ALVIN V. HATT. Grass Lake. Michigan.


0 i c —Bred sows and spring pigs, large and growthy.

I I I Pairs and tries. not akin. Write your wants.

GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zeeland. Mich.


o l c —gilf.s bred for June and July furrow. Also

0 I . Spring pigs, Serviceable boars all sold.

I pay express. G. . ANDREWS. Dansville. Mich.


o I c, All sold. Would be pleased to book

I I 5 your order for spring igs,

C. J. THOMPSON. I alford. Mic ignn.


0 I C 9 ~Largo boned. shipped on approval.

I c 5 pairs not. akin. registered free.

J. W. HOWELL. Elsie. Michigan.


hoicely Bred Chester Whites. Spring pigs either sex pedi-

gree furnished. Sent (3. 0. I). subject to examination. for

prices and breeding, Address. John Gintling, Bronson, Mich.


o I ’S—Spring pigs. pairs and tries. not

0 e akin, from state fair winners.

AVONDALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.


9 —Growthy spring boars. Sat‘s-

O. I. C S faction Guaranteed. I

A. R. GRAHAM. FLINT. MICIIIGAN.


0. I. C. SPRING PIGS"1.H4:¥2§‘;”£§ “ATS $.22?


pigs. 1 H. W. MANN. Dansville. Michigan.


o I c s ' ——Also Holstein Bull calf sired by a 26-lb.

. . . Willa son of Ypsilnnd-Sir Korndyke DeKol.

Clover Leaf Stock Form. B. No. 1. Monroe. Mich.


' —May I have the pleas-

00 I. CC SWIne ure of receiving your

order for a pair or trio. not akin. of April

and May furrow. They are bred ri ht. Satisfaction

guaranteed. A. J. GOBDEN. B. o. 2. Dorr. Mich.


DUROC JERSEY BOARS


Spring Pigs and Yearlings


From Prize-Winning Stock


Special Prices for 30 Days.

Write. or better still. come. ’


Breakwater Farm, in Arbor,llich..H.F.D 7.


DUROCJERSEYS—Fall gilts of the large, heavy

boned type, bred for Au . and Sept. furrow. Also

spring pigs. not akin. F. J. rodt. 11.1. Monroe. Mich.


DURocs—A good growthy fall pig immuned

and bred for August fan-ow will

make you money. Give me your order now for

Maishiiment. Also fall boars ready for service.

OP ‘ KON FARM. Kinderhook, Michigan.


Fancy bred Duroc Jerseys—Bears it Gilts of spring &

summer furrow. Good individuals at reasonable

prices. John McN icoll. Station A. B4. Bay City. Mich.


ﬂ .

mill-El SIDBK mm 32531.3: 3.2??? igiiﬁiféi.‘


prices. E. B. CORNELL. Howell. Michigan.


DUROC JERSEYS, Bred Gills For Sale.


CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Diichigan.


DURIIC JERSEYS—5133;313:5235 $2231" ”29‘ 8‘


STAHLMAN.Cherry Lawn Farm.R.2.S epherd.M‘ioh:


— 1' r

J E R 8 BY S :33 .1331 (31:33:31.3

write A. P. EDISON. Sec. M. J. o. 0.. 326 w. Bridge.


Grand Rapids. Mich. If a breeder and a member

of M. J. C. 0. send list of stock for sale to the above.


BUTTER BRED JESERYSBL‘S‘”


CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.


lllllll llllEll 8H0lllll0llll8 oid’Sfﬁaigmi’ifceuiiio


and 51% each. J. B. HUMMEL, Mason. Michigan.


Shodhorns S500buys two cows three and four yrs..

one yearling heifer and two calves six

month. A. A. PATTULLO. Deckerville.Michigan.


Shorthorns—Bulls and females. all ages. Tell just

what you want. Also P. C. Hogs. Oxford Sheep.

0. W. Prun, Soc. Cent. Iiich. Shorthorn Ass’n. . loBrides. Mich.


SHORTHORN CATTLE


W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.


SHEEP.


l'l' PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED SHEEP

0F PARSONS "31333.2?"


o s i s. m-

,.-, 'I.,Fi;,l~/2;;‘;:,7,I;f »' cu .e s an Pulled-


' w \ ~ Bahama

PARSONS, Grand Ledge. Michigan R 1


AMPSHIRE Swine—Breedingv‘stock of all ages

from most. popular strains. 'rite for breedin ,

Inspection invited. Floyd Myers. B. 9. Decatur, In .


POLAND CHIVAS—11.3.93 Eﬁiimseﬁn‘luﬁﬁf


Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta, Mich.


l‘nEE 'I'YPE P c ——Largest in Mich. Fall pigs all


- I sold. order a spring i sired

by the largest bear in the U S . weight Igbs" 20

months old. Come and see. Expenses paid if not as

represented. W. E. LIVINGSTON. Perms, Mich.


BIG TYPE POLANI) CRINAS’SEI. “if;


new homes. They are corker‘s and immuned.

WM. W FFLE. Goldwater. Michigan.


' of the bi ‘type. March and April

POIIMI China: fagcw. '1‘ e kind at please our


customers. A. A. 00D & SON. Saline. Mich.


LARGE styled Poland China Spring Pigs. older

sows bred for fall furrow. Also Shorthorn


Bull calves. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Michigan.


Fun S‘LE—A choice bunch of March and April boar

pigs. 3 few herd headers. Prices reasonable.

Satisfaction guaranteed. R. W. Mills. Saline. Mich.


BUTLER'S Big Boned Prolific Poland Chinas. Grow

big. kee easy. mature early. ready for market at

6 months. by? Because we've bred them that way

for more than 20 years. We have % big boned sows

for fall furrow. Buy one and make more money on


our hogs. You can't get any better at any rice.


.0. History Free. J. C. BUTLER. Portland. ich.


Bred sows. bred guts and boar

MUIO F00! pigs. not related. for sale. Sati-

faction guaranteed. G. C. KREGLOW. Ada, Ohio


YORKSHIRE Swine—March at Apr. pigs ready to ship.

Pairs not akin. Colle Princess and Cooks Bacon

foundation stock. Geo. S. cMullen.Grand Ledge.Mich.


Oxforddown Yearlings and Ram Lambs


M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.


H008.


' ' -—A few extra Sept..Boars and bunch

U"ms&Vch"las of Gilts for 1st of April farrow.

M. 1‘. STORY, Lowell. Mich.. Citizens Phone 55.


BERKSIIRES Choice spring boars and gilts.

riced to move quick. Farmers

stock. ELMHURS STOCK FARM. Almont. Mich.


. I We have a nice bunch of Ms ‘ i

YorkSIllfe :Wln. now ready to wean. Write Iispfg:

description and prices. Ostrunder Bros” Morley.Mich.


' —Gilts bred for e l S t. f -

For sakr Yo’kﬂllres rowing. also boas-1rd“ :5] 82:-

vice. WATERMAN & WATERMAN. Ann Arbor. Mich.


YORKSHIRES


The large. long-bodied. proliﬁc kind. Gilts bred for

July. August and September furrow. A choice lot of

spring pigs. pairs and trios.not akin. Prices reasonable


W. C. COOK. R. 42. Adl. Michigan.


chm "II —Reg. Bred Guts—Orders taken for

.3 spring pigs and Collie ups. Holstein

Bulls at Bargains. FAY B. PAREAM. ronson. Mn. 1.


3mm Imus—Palms.starﬁsh“-

MEADOW VIEW STOCK FARM. Holland. lchignn.


lillle Farmstead Yorkshire:


Open gilts and gilts bred for September furrow.

Spr pigs either sex. pairs and trios not akin.

Soil notion guaranteed.


COLON C. LlLLlE. Cooper-ville. Michigan.


"m.“ High Grade Holstein heifers from Heavy

Milken. Also Registered Bull. Price for

the bunch moo F. 0. B. J. c. nmr. Goldwater. nu.


‘ .


MarchArilnndMy i :u. bi

0- II c- growthy kfnd thnt dwzy3ngkese 03.

must. NICHOLS. up. No. 2. Lawrence. dick


Mention the Michigan Farmer

when writing to adveriieera.
116—20


THE MICHIGAN .FA’RMEVR - ' ~ AUe.8.191-1.‘


camphor to stiﬂe joint twice a day

for a few days, then once a day. If

the navel is not healed apply one part

aodpform and nine parts boracic acid

8.1


Navel Infection. ——1 have a colt four

weeks old whose joints swell and op-

en, causing considerable lameness in

one leg; this colt does not seem to be

sick, but I am told he never will get

well and will always be a cripple. J.

G., Vermontville, Mich. ——Had you tak-

en proper care of colt’ s navel at birth

and for a few days after, you wOuld

have avoided this joint trouble. Ap-

ply one part iodoform and 19 parts

boracic acid to sore part of joint

twice a day. Cover joint with iodo-

form gauze.


Short-winded.——I have a mare that

has been troubled all spring with her

wind, but she is free from the heaves.

T. A. W., Hart, Mich. —Give her a tea-

spoonful of tincture lobelia and a des-

sertspoonful of Fowler’s solution at

a dose in feed three times a day. She

should not be fed too much bulky

food when worked. If the glands of

throat are swollen, apply one part io-

dine and nine Darts lard two or three

times a week.


Ringbone.——Some 15 months ago

you prescribed a remedy for ringbone

and I saved clipping but appear to

have mislaid it; therefore, I would

like to have you tell me what to ap-

ply. This salve is almost red when

prepared. E. L. M., Lake George,

Mich.——Apply one part red iodide of

mercury and four parts lard every

ten days.


D. M., Frankfort, Mich.-Your mare

died of dropsy, not of inﬂammation of

bowels, and it is possible that her

kidneys and liver were torpid.


Wounded Teat.—I have a young cow

that came fresh three weeks ago; she

got mired in a swamp and tore one

of her teats, close to bag, over half

way across. The stitches are now

pulling out and milk leaks from side

of teat, but only leaks when milking.

A. B., Prescott, Mich—When you milk

her, use a milking tube and apply

equal parts powdered alum, oxide of

zinc and boracic acid to wound twice

a day. The teat should be bandaged

with surgeon’s plaster to hold edges

of wound together.


Blood Mixed with Urine—I have a

bull calf two months old that was in

splendid condition up to a‘ short time

ago, but lately is not thriving and I

have thought his urine was tinged

with blood. N. P. W., Allegan, Mich.

-—Your calf may have met with an

injury. Give him 30 drops of ﬂuid ex-

tract buchu and 10 grs. urotropin at

a dose two or three times a day.


Skin Blisters—I have several young

pigs that appeared to do well until

they were four days old, when scabs

formed over body and the older sows

were also covered with scabs. This

sickness seems to have caused the

death of a few. I would also like to

know if a person handling these pigs

is likely to become infected. J. H.,

Allegan, Mich—Your hogs show some

of the symptoms of measles, but it

may only be a skin disease. Apply

one part oxide of zinc and seven

parts vaseline to sore parts twice a

day. Give each full-grown pig three

drops of Fowler’s solution at a dose

three times a day. It is needless for

me to say that you should whitewash

and thoroughly disinfect your place.

No danger of man becoming infected.


Surfeit—Eczema.~——I have a three-

year-old unbroken colt that has sev-

eral bunches on shoulder and back.

Whatever this trouble is, it causes

itchiness. C. B., Clio, Mich—Give

your horse a dessertspoonful of hypo-

sulphite of soda at a dose in feed

three times a day and dissolve 4 ozs.

of soda in a gallon of water and wet

sores with it twice a day. Grass is

the best food you can feed him.


Weakness of Heart—I have three

horses, two four years old and one

nine years old, that do not appear to

be sick, but all three pant and blow

a great deal when working. I have

fed them molasses with their grain

until a month ago, and I have been

giving them saltpeter, but it fails to

help t hem. F. M., Dansville, Mich.—

Wash them two or three times a day

with warm water and give each of

them a tablespoonful of tincture ar-

nica at a dose three times a day. If

they are heavy coated and have not

shed off properly, clip them.


Shoulder Sweeny.——I have a ten~

year-old mare which is sweenied in

right shoulder; caused by slipping

when running in pasture. A. C.

Kent City, Mich. -—Clip off hair and

apply one part powdered cantharides

and six parts lard three times month.


Pig Has Piles—I wish you would

give me treatment for a bad case of

piles in sow eight weeks old, weight

about 30 lbs. W. P. M., Lawrence,

Mich—Piles usually results from con-

stipation; keep bowels open by feed

or giving castor oil or epsom salts

occasionally. Dissolve 1 oz. acetate

of lead, 2 drs. tannic acid in a quart

of water, and apply to protruding bow-

el four times a day. A little surgical

work might affect a cure.


1 Extra Tire in 4


Goodyear tires now undersell 16 other

makes. That is due to mammoth output-

the largest in the world.


Numerous tires cost one-third more. You

can buy four Goodyears for what three of such

tires cost. That means to you one extra

tire in four.


01' Extra Size


Or you can do this:


You can buy a half-inch wider Goodyear

for less than some makers charge for smaller

sizes. And the wider tires will ﬁt your rims.


l The same rims will take


A30x31/zora3lx4l

A32831/z ora33x4.I

If“. A34x4ora35x4l/z.


So with other sizes. The larger size has,

on the average, 20 per cent more capacity.

It has an extra ply of fabric. It has a thicker

tread. It means far more mileage, far less

trouble.


Yet the price men pay for many tires buys

this half-inch wider Goodyear.


Four Extra


Things You Get Extra

In NO-Rim-Cut Tires


5


You get the tire which outsellsTaKy—other

after millions have been tried.


And you get these four great features

found In no other tire:


No-Rim-Cut feature —-which makes rim-

cutting impossible.


Our “On-Air” cure—an exclusive, costly

process which saves all the blow-outs due to

wrinkled fabric.


Our rubber rivets—hundreds of them are

formed in each tire to combat tread separation.


All-Weather treads—the tough,“ double-

thick anti-skids. Flat and regular, so run like

plain treads, yet they grasp wet roads with

deep, Sharp, resistless grips.


U

Those four great features—used by us

alone—have saved tire users millions of

dollars.


Half Former Prices


No-Rim-Cut tires are costing now half

what they used to cost. They have dropped

further than others because of our larger out-

put. The same efﬁciency which perfected


these tires is now bent on

lowering the cost. And


Features

You get in Goodyear No-

Rim-Cut tires

the best tires

mencanbuild.


GOOD


No-Rim-Cut Tires


'/ , With All-Weather Treads or Smooth 14


that’s as important as any

other saving.


YEAR


AKRON. OHIO Get this

caving W1 1; h

the rest. Any


dealer, if you


A better tire,

s o fa r a s

k n o w n, is

utterly im-

possible.


'ITHE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER ”COMPANY, Akron, Ohio


Toronto, Canada London, England Mexico City, Mexico

Breaches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities DEALERS EVERYWHERE Write Us on Anything You Want in R3323


ask him, will

8 up ply you

G o o d y e a r

Tires.


alamazoo


CENTER SHEAR CUTTERS


Make best Ensilage at least cost. Patented Cen-

ter Shear feature eﬁects a positive shear- cut entire

width ofbundle. from sides to center of throat. Less

friction, greater cutting capacity decreased expense for

power. Malleable iron (unbreakable) kniie wheel. Cat-

alog explains fully. FREE—

send for it.


KALMMZOO TANK In SILO CO.

MUMAZOO. HIGH.


<.\\i' :1

adv/4


Minneapolis, Minnesota

Kansas City. Missouri

No. Fort Worth. Texas


SOlid Light Running M ZlChl ne S 145 Chicago Avenue. Hammond, lndlana

With An Awful App et 1te


—that' s the way one owner describes the “Silberzahn. " This same owner says.

“If I had to buy a dozen ensilage cutters every one would be a Silberzahn. "

- Hundreds of other owners say substantially the same thing. It’s strong.


powerful, safe. economical—that’s why the


' has been rightly called "the King of Ensilage Cutters."

Has a throat and a blower that simply can t clog, pos-

itive safety device, best

knife adjustment,

. , strongest built frame ..

"" and other valuable

features not found' In Others. Sold

under positive guarantee. Write for cat-

alog and proof of Silberzahn Superiority. / 9


Geld Bros. Mfg. Co.

203 8. Wm: Strut


“I... .1 .......


was-l. ‘


Dept. A.


Ride a RANGER


bicycle and know on have the


"‘V‘x DELIVIRED FREE on

g .4} trzal. NO EXPENSE

\ [I do not wish to keep it.


and values never hfore equalled in our 1915 offers.

WR RITE for our big catalog showing our complete line of breakdowns’ cos-ﬂy waits and expensive “pair

8 I915 bicycles. TIRES and sundries and learn the wonderful bills- Saves 6m. in harvesting and 2'“


lgrew afﬂu- anti terms Eve will giv‘e1 yfou.m You cannot afford to money 051‘ sipur crop of waives. to]:

Guaranteed uy unt you noww at we can 0 or “E a e inquiry. rite today our

4" WRITE TODAY MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept. F77 CHICAGO


Light Running Silbel’ldbﬂ Endings Cutter


WOODS BROS. SILO

MFG. 00-. State Agents.

II


O K GIIAMPIOII DIGEERS


4 amount Sins and Types


-. Our machines are designed

and built to meet

all conditions under

‘ thchgihecslr‘h may be

war e -

LOW FACTORY eosr, ‘ ' body yevery poinTIgf

marvelousimprovements construction which insures freedom from


st. Buy a mac ine you can

prove before accepting.


‘1 approval and 30 days’


,1 to you if, after trialyou


DESCRIPTIVE LITERATURE, ETC.

giving particulars of the 0. K. Champion Line.


CHAMPION POTATO MACHINERY COMPANY


PUMP GRIND SAW 3:35:33:


C Wood Mills are Best. Engines are Simple


Feed Grinders, st

Fro-cs. Stool Tanks

. ' CATALOGUIS I‘Nll

‘ solnn WAN'I'ID

Perkins Wind Mill &

Engine Co. Est. 1860


.185 lulu or


such Ind.