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The Only Weekly Agricultural,

VOL. CXLIII. No, 8.
Whole Number 3797.‘

Horticultural,

 

DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, AUG. 22, 1914.

. // ///fl///////////

MAM

ED 1843

and Live Stock Journal in the State.

50 CENTS A YEAR,
$2 FOR 5 YEARS.

Where Conservation Can Be Properly Applied

IME was when a big straw stack

was to be seen in every Michi-

gan farmyard. In those days
straw was a little valued by-product
of the farm and it was not an uncom-
mon sight to see the old straw stacks
scattered about the farms where
wheat growing was made a specialty
in various stages of decay, and not
infrequently these old stacks were
burned as the easiest method of get-
ting them out of the way. Later, as
a market became established for
straw it became the too general prac-
tice to sell the straw from grain farms
at a price which scarcely paid for the
cost of baling and delivering it, and
far below its actual fertilizing value
in the net results secured.

Later, as wheat growing declined
as a specialty on the average farm,
due in part to the depletion of soil
fertility which was a natural result of
the poor methods of soil management
which were generally followed, straw
became a scarce article upon many
farms and its very need for bedding
the stock and sometimes for feed,
forced the adoption of better methods
in its care and conservation upon the
average Michigan farm. So general
has the practice of straw conservation
become that upon many, if not a ma-
jority, of our better managed farms
the straw is now housed as carefully
as the hay and used to the best ad.
vantage as an absorbent in saving the
manure made upon the farm, thus re-
turning a maximum of plant food and
vegetable matter to the soil as a
means of conserving its fertility.

Selling Straw from the Farm.

Just what disposition should be
made of the straw which is a by-pro-
duct of grain production on the farm,
is a factor in good farm management
which is worthy of careful thought.
On the farm where live stock produc-
tion or feeding is made a specialty,
or where dairying is an important de-
partment of farm production, this will
not ordinarily be a perplexing prob-
lem as home-grown straw is seldom
equal in quantity to the demand for
bedding and absorbent material upon
such farms. On other farms, where
live stock is not made a specialty and

where grain is grown in considerable
quantities this may not be the case.
At first thought it would seem that
there is even more need of returning
the straw to the land in such cases,
but this is not necessarily true.
While the modern slogan of “Save
the Straw” applies with equal force
in all cases, its proper disposition is
an economical rather than a senti-
mental proposition. Modern conditions
have stimulated the demand for straw
in the larger commercial centers and
at the same time limited the available

load at the farm with no expense of
delivery, and figured that he was get‘
ting considerable more than its fer-
tilizing value at this price. But this
farmer concluded that at the price for
which he could sell his surplus straw
it paid to care for it just as well as
he does for his hay, and this year he
built a large rick in an angle of his
barn under which the wheat was
stored at harvest time, so that the
straw could be conveniently run into
the barn when the wheat was thresh-
ed. This rick will be useful for other

 

 

 

 

A Lack of Conservation Sometimes Seen in Caring for Straw on the Farm.

supply to an extent which has in many
cases brought the price of straw up
to a point which exceeds its fertiliz-
ing value, in which case it will often
be good economy to sell the straw
from the farm and grow green ma-
nure crops to supply plant food and
humus to the soil. In many localities
straw is such a scarce article upon
many farms that farmers will pay a
still higher price for it than it is
worth on the open market for ship-
ping purposes and draw it themselves.

One farmer of the writer’s acquaint-
ance sold the bulk of his last year’s
product of straw at five dollars per

storage purposes and will probably
nearly or quite pay its cost in a single
season through the better conserva-
tion of the straw and the greater se-
curity of the grain by the protection
of both from the weather.

It is always a mistake to sell the
straw from the farm unless the land
is as well or better fed in some other
manner than it would be by the re-
turn of the straw. But that the farm-
er above mentioned is not making this
all too common mistake is well attest-
ed by the fact that he secured a yield
of over 40 bushels of wheat per acre
this year. He uses a short rotation of

crops and regularly plows down clo.
ver to provide humus and nitrogen
and supplements this feeding of the
soil by the liberal use of commercial
fertilizers. With him it is simply a
question of economy and under his
conditions economy favors selling the
straw. With most farmers economy
will dictate the use of the straw upon
the farm. Like most other problems
of farm management, this problem of
the proper disposition of that most
valuable by-product of the farm,
straw, should be solved from the
standpoint of economy after taking in-
to consideration all the factors which
properly enter into its correct solu-
tion.
Straw as a Roughage for Live _Stock.
The question as to how far straw
can profitably be used as a roughage
for live stock is one which sometimes
requires a nice degree of judgment. It
is a reasonably safe assertion that
where live stock feeding is carried on
the cat straw can be economically
used for this purpose, especially when
fed in connection with ensilage. The
judgment of successful stock feeders
in this respect is substantiated by the
results attained at several experiment
stations where careful tests have been
made. \Vhile gains are generally

. somewhat less with oat straw used as

roughage with ensilage in comparison
with clover hay they are. generally
more economical in the fattening of
both cattle and sheep, and it is quite
probable that oat straw can be used
to a more limited extent in the ration
of the dairy cow with equal profit. It
is also a valuable roughage for horses
when properly fed in suitable com-
binations with other feeds in the ra‘
tion. That good clean oat straw is too
valuable a roughage for live stock to
be used for other purposes, unless in
exceptional cases, is an assertion
which is scarcely open to argument,
and it naturally follows that it is too
valuable to waste by exposure to the
weather unless this course is unavoid-
able.

Wheat straw is so much less valu-
able as a roughage for live stock that
it is a doubtful economy to use it at
all for that purpose under ordinary

 

 

The Well Built Straw Stack is Far More Profitable, But the Saving in Straw will Pay Good

 

interest on the Investment Required for Barn Storage.

 


  

138—2

conditions and rye straw is still less
valuable for this purpose, yet there
are times when even rye straw can
and must be used for roughage. At
the time of the general hay failure
back in the early nineties, the writer
used rye straw as the principal rough-
age for his horses, and wheat straw
for the cattle. While this can be done
by feeding liberally of grain, with.
some succulent feed, yet it is not de-
sirable and under normal conditions
is not profitable. " Generally speaking
it is best to plan on feeding the oat
straw and using the wheat and rye
straw as an absorbent to aid in the
conservation of the manure, and re-
turn the undesirable barley straw to
the land by the easiest route, unless
there is a surplus of straw and it is
thought more profitable to sell it and
feed the soil in some other way.

The Fertilizing Value of Straw.

In determining this point it is well
to consider the value of the straw as
a fertilizer. According to Henry’s ta.
bles the fertilizing constituents in one
ton of wheat or rye straw would be
worth appproximately $2.50 at pre-
vailing prices for chemical plant food.
In its ultimate effect on soil fertility
the straw would have a greater value
than this on account of the vegetable
matter which it would add to the soil,
but for immediate results in growing
crops it would have a smaller value
because it would become available as
plant food more slowly, while as a
stable absorbent, where it can be used
for that purpose, it would have a far
greater value because it would aid
greatly in conserving the plant food
in the animal manure.

In any event, it will pay to house
the useful straw, whatever its final
disposition. The saving will pay good
interest on the investment required
to provide the necessary storage. And
until such storage can be provided it
will pay to stack it carefully, prefer-
ably outside the yard'where the stock
cannot waste it, and certainly where
the sheep cannot run to it and fill
their fleeces with chaff. While straw
may legitimately be considered as a
by-product it is a valuable one and
should be Conserved accordingly.

Grasshopper Bait.

RASSHOPPERS are very injuri-
ous insects when once they be.
come abundant. Some parts of

Michigan are seldom troubled with
them, while other parts are harassed
nearly every year, and it is with some
difficulty that farmers are able to
keep these insects from eating up
their crops, especially if they are
grown in a field next to an old pas-
ture. The grasshoppers are always
the worst near the lane or near an old
pasture field which has not been plow-
ed up for a number of years. In some
parts of Michigan where farms have
been abandoned, the grasshoppers are
always the worst in the direction of
these farms. A farmer having a piece
of cats next to one of these abandon-
ed places is almost sure ‘0 have a
strip of his oats next to the farm eat-
en off. The reason for this will soon
become apparent as soon as we know
the life history of this “insecto des-
perado.”
Fall Plowing Controls Grasshoppers.
It is exceedingly interesting to
watch the grasshopper in his develop-
ment from the egg to the adult, but
this should be done with the grasshop~
per in a cage and not out in the op-
en. We have all noticed that one sex
of the grasshoppers has two small
horn-like appendages at the rear of
the abdomen. These horns are a trifle
crooked (curved upward) and the in-
dividuals which possess them are fe-
males. The appendages are called ovi-
positors: Ova meaning egg and posi-
tor meaning placer. These are the
egg placers. After the female has be-
come full grown and the eggs have
developed, they are deposited in the
soil, the cavity being cured witha...

frothy, water-tight mucus and into
this pod, 20 or 30 eggs are laid. Then

the pod is sealed with a frothy mass

of mucus. The eggs lie dormant in
the ground until the next May or
June. . '

These pods are never laid more
than a half-inch deep and the favorite
nesting place is in .a lane, an old
slashing, or some other place where
the ground is seldom plowed.

The eggs lie dormant over winter
and in May or June, the warm weath-
er causes the eggs to hatch and the
young creatures work their way up
through the frothy plug which was
put into the hole after the pod was
sealed. The young grasshopper looks
like the adult, only he is much small-
er and usually is of a greenish color.
He starts eating and when he gets so
full that the tough old skin is too
small, he hops into the shade, sheds

'his old skin and a new one, more his

fit, takes its place. He lies in the
shade for a couple of hours to dry off
and then goes out to eat grass or
crops, whichever the case may be.
This process goes on until the grass-
hopper has attained maturity.

“Bait the Grasshopper."

In the same way that the country
took up the slogans, “Swat the Fly,”
and “Ax the Rooster,” farmers living
in grasshopper infested country must
either do their plowing in the fall or
“Bait the Grasshopper.”

One can see from the life history
of this insect—wintering over as it
does in the egg stage—~that fall plow-
ing will turn these egg pods so far
under that the tiny insects can not
get out even if they hatch.

If it has been impossible to fall-
plow the old sods that are infested,
then the grasshoppers may be kept
from growing crops by baiting. There
are two baits which are commonly
used; the bran and Criddle mixtures.
The bran mixture is made by stirring
two pounds of Paris green or arsenate
of lead into 100 pounds of bran. A
little molasses is stirred in and
enough water added so that the mass
will just stick together when taken up
with a spoon. A little of this mixture
may be thrown out from a moving
wagon, along where the insects are
working. Do not use this bait where
stock or wild animals will get it.

"Griddle mixture is made by mixing
Paris green, one pound; salt, tWO
pounds, and fresh horse manure, 100
pounds, or five three-gallon pailfuls.
The grasshoppers like the salt and
will devour the mixture ravenously. It
is distributed in the same manner as
the bran mixture. The Criddle mix-
ture will not be eaten by stock while
one must not put out the bran mix-
ture where either domesticated or
wild animals can get at it, for they
will eat it: death soon follows.

The menace to the farmer in some
sections of Michigan—the grasshopper
—may be very readily controlled by
fall-plowing or baiting.

Ingham Co. I. J. MATHEWS.

THE HESSIAN-FLY SITUATION.

 

The same weather conditions that
led up to the recent outbreak of the
army worm have favored the develop-
ment of the Hessian fly. For identi.
cal reasons, the parasites of the “fly”
have failed to keep pace with the pest
and the “fly” is increasing in numbers
especially in the southern part of the
state.

Now when the wise man sees trou-
ble in the distance, he takes all the
precautions possible and then-takes
what chances are necessary to get his
crop. In the long run late sowing of
fall wheat escapes with a minimum of
injury during “fly” years, because the
late sown wheat is more likely to
come up after the flies that lay the
eggs are through working, than that
which is sown earlier. If we could
only tell beforehand just how long the
flies are going to stay this fall we
could set the date with certainty.
Lacking this'information, the best we

THE'MIC‘HIGAN'FAR‘MER’T

 

can do is to decide on an average
date which is as late as we dare sow
and yet which has been early enough
in the past to get a stand which will
come through the winter. September
20 has proven as good a date as any
in the past. Of course, it is impossi-
ble to guarantee a crop under any
conditions, but late sowing seems ad-
visable this year, especially in the
lower third of the state.
R. H. PETTIT,
Entomologist Michigan Exp. Sta.

FARM NOTES.

 

Clipping Alfalfa.

I have a seven-acre field of alfalfa
sown about June 15. I got an excel-
lent catch and it has made a good
growth, some of it being about ten
inches high. What would you advise
doing with it to get rid of weeds and
grass? Would it be all right to cut
for hay, or would you cut and leave
for mulch? When would you cut it?

Hillsdale Co. C. L. B.

Where a good stand of alfalfa has
been secured from spring seeding and
same has made a good growth, it
would be all right to cut same for
hay or clip and leave on the ground
as soil conditions might indicate. The
alfalfa should be cut, preferably when
the new buds are starting at the
crowns of the plants. If there are
many weeds it would be preferable to
cut the alfalfa, and many authorities
contend that it is better to cut same,
provided it can be done sufficiently
early in the season to insure a good
growth of the plants before winter.
The writer has tried both plans on
spring seeding, and has been unable
to note any particular_difference 1n
the stand the following year. Others
have claimed to see a benefit from
letting the new seeding stand without
cutting. Where same can be done be.
fore the first of September, however,
it is the writer’s opinion that it is bet-
ter policy to cut the alfalfa, especially
if there are many weeds in the stand.

Fall vs. Spring Plowing for Alfalfa.

I have a piece of land to sow to al-
falfa but cannot get it seeded before
September and think that too late for
good stand before winter. Will I get
as good results if I plow and top-dress
land this fall and cultivate well be-
fore sowing in spring, or should I
wait till spring to plow? .

Eaton Co. S. A. F.

The present condition of this land
would be a factor for consideration in
determining whether to plow it this
fall or next spring. If it is sod
ground, fall plowing would perhaps be
best, but if the alfalfa is to be sown
in the spring, it would be an easier
proposition to fit the seed bed if It is
plowed this fall. If it is top—dressed
with stable manure, however, it should
be cultivated or harrowed several
times before sowing, which would
make it an easy matter to fit the seed
bed properly whether plowed in the
spring or fall. If it were the writer’s
case, he would prefer to apply the sta-
ble manure during the winter if it is
sod ground, then plow same down in
the spring as early as possible, as it
is always better economy to apply
manure to sod ground as a top-dress-
ing to the growing crop than on- land
that is to lie fallow over winter, since
there will be less waste of plant food
where this plan is followed.

Fertilizers not an Agent in Spreading
Hog Cholera.

Does the use of commercial fer-
tilizer aid the spreading of hog chol-

era? -

Eaton Co. R. B. C.

The animal produtcs in commercial
fertilizers are so treated as to destroy
any germs with which they might be
contaminated, being cooked with live
steam under pressure until even the
bones are softened and disintegrated.
Thus the spread of hog cholera by this
means would be an impossibility un-
less the material was in some manner
infected after treatment, and we have
never seen any suggestion by the
scientists who have had this problem
under investigation, of the possibility
of spreading the disease from such a
source.

 
    

   

AUG. 22; 1914: _

LILLIE .FARMSTEADf‘I-NIOTES.

 

The severe drouth was broken on
August 10 by a splendid rain. It came
just right to all be absorbed by the
thirsty crops and soil. The ground,
however, was so dry that we will need
more in a few days. This rain has
come to help corn just in the nick of
time. Last year the rains were so
late that they did but little good to
the growing crops. They were past
help. Take everything into consider-
ation, it is proving a better season
than last year.

Second Crop Alfalfa.

The hot, dry weather affected the
new seeding of alfalfa. It did not
grow as tall as the old field, and the
plants began to turn yellow while the
plants in the old field remained green
up to the time of cutting. The old
field was harvested in splendid condi-
tion; not a particle of rain to wet it
and we raked and cocked it in time
to save the leaves. This crop is stor-
ed in the loft above the hog house for
the hogs this winter. We have al-
ready top-dressed the old field with
400 pounds of phosphate and potash
fertilizer, and intend to apply the
same amount to the new fields at
once, besides we will also top-dress
these fields with stable manure. Even
with the best treatment I know how
to give young'fields of alfalfa will not
do as well as older fields. It seems
to take two or three years to get the
plants well established and doing
their best. If this is not my fault,
but due to the character of the plant,
then this very characteristic will in-
terfere with the idea of using alfalfa.
in a crop rotation. If this is the na-
ture of the plant it can never entirely
take the place of common red clover
in our agriculture. I have not fully
determined in my own mind yet just
how large an acreage of alfalfa I will
find advisable on my farm, but I am
thinking 25 or 30 acres is all I can
handle to the best advantage.

Late Oats.

Late oats are a very poor crop on
our farm. There was a good growth
of straw but they did not fill properly
and are light and chaffy. Every year
for a long time when weather condi-
tions have prevented us from getting
all the oat crop sown early, I have
resolved that next time I will not sow
the oats at all, but will plant to corn
or beans or some other crop. Then
when I figure that we will have all
the tillage crops we can properly at-
tend to, I take the risk and put the
cats in when I know it is out of sea-
son. Sometimes, however, weather
conditions are such that late sown
oats are a good crop. Usually, how-
ever, they are unprofitable, and one
might better let the land go barren
than grow an unprofitable crop, for he
simply works for nothing and boards
himself and teams, too.

Late Planted Lima Beans.

This crop, replanted in July, is do-
ing fine, the hot dry weather seems
to be just what they need. They have
a long tap root that rivals alfalfa in
its power to ‘get moisture. The ques-
tion is, however, will they mature
sufficiently before frost? The chances
are against them. It. depends on Sep-
tember conditions.

Co rn After Peas.

This crop, also planted in July, is
doing remarkably well. It is sure to
produce a fair crop of fodder. Of
course, it may not mature as much
as it ought, but it will make good
stock food and there will be a good
growth, except on some of the clay,
where it was so dry that the plants
could not get a start.

Buckwheat After Peas.

This crop doesnot look very prom-
ising now. It is very spotted. Many
places it did not come up well. Prob-
ably I shall do no more than to plow
it down, but I think it will be worth
the seed and labor for this purpose.

COLON C. LILLm.

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AUG. 22, 1914.

THE AUTHOR’S DEFENSE OF“THE
COST OF A CROP.”

I conclude it is time I should say
something to the critics of my April
25 article on “The Cost of a Crop.”
Before taikng up the criticisms that
have been offered, I shall state that
the article in question has nothing to
do with my personal experience as a
potato grower. The article was intend-
ed to represent average experiences
of average potato growers. That my
average yield per acre has been better
than 200 bushels for the past five
years, is not the question under dis-
cussion. The question is, what is the
average cost of producing an acre of
potatoes? We know the average yield
in Michigan has been less than 100
bushels per acre and the average
price not far from 40 cents per bushel.

We shall never get anywhere by
lumping the whole operation into one
item, making an off-hand guess, or
jumping at a conclusion. Each item
that enters into the cost of producing
the crop must be analyzed separately,
and all the items of cost must be in-
cluded in the total. I have never yet
seen a table of cost of producing a
crop that included all the items that
should have been considered.

A Common Weakness.

That farmers select the year in
which they have experienced their
largest yield or highest price and hold
that up as a fair sample of their nor-
mal experience, and brag about it, is
one of their weaknesses. They do
not stop to consider that they are
creating an erroneous impression.

Mr. Neilsen, in the May 23 issue of
The Farmer is a fair sample of this
practice. He holds up his 240 bushel
crop and assures us that he is not
donating; that he is making great
money. Incidentally he states that
another year this 10 acre field yielded

 

'hini only $60, and another year only

$20. Now, why don’t be put these
three years together and strike the
average? Why not average 10 years’
results? Any farmer who does this
will not brag of big yield or big prices.
If he does, he is an exception.

Mr. Peck, in The Farmer of June
20, gives the figures on his 1912 crop.
Why did’nt he take the 1911 crop or
1913? Because, in 1912 he received
95 cents per bushel, and the other
years not half that amount.

it is the Big Crop that Gets Into

Print.

It is only in exceptional cases that
we read the results of a poor or aver-
age crop. It is always the account of
the exceptionally large crop that gets
into print, and these accounts are be-
fogging and misleading when we de-
sire to get at average results.

Mr. Arnold in The Farmer of June
6, says he has dug and picked up 500
bushels per day with the aid of five
men one team and digger. He is try-
ing to show that the charge of Mr.
Hedrick of $30 for harvesting three
acres is too high. Please note that the
charge of Mr. Hedrick is $10 per acre.
Now, every man who has ever run a
potato digger knows that Mr. Arnold
must have an exceptional team to dig
two and one-half or three acres of po-
tatoes in a day. The average grower
who uses a digger would have to
charge for four horses instead of two,
and then Mr. Arnold leaves out of the
account another team, two men and a
wagon, to haul the ten 50-bushel loads
of potatoes from the field to storage.
This runs his cost per acre to $7 to
$9, which is not much below Mr.
Hedrick.

Mr. Cook does not brag so strongly
about his yield or his ability to work
as about his potato machinery. He
has $345 worth and says it enables
him to cut my charges so much that
he “refrains from giving his figures.”
Says he can starve the _man who
grows potatoes without such tools.
He has a seed cutter, planter, sprayer
and digger, and his cut in producing
cost must be in these particular items.

My charge was 75 cents for cutting

THE. MICH

seed, $2 for planting, $3.25 for spray-
and $6 for harvesting. Total, $12. I
have become convinced that my har-
vesting charge is too low by $2 per
acre, which added to the above, makes
the total for these four items $14.
Easier, Rather than Cheaper.

Now, I defy Mr. Cook to materially
decrease these figures. His machin-
ery merely takes part of the labor off
the man and places it on the horse.
But there is much that neither ma-
chine or horse can do. The human
hand and back cannot be eliminated
from potato growing any more than
in harvesting strawberries or cucum-
bers. The machine and horse enables
one to handle more acres, and do
more in the same length of time. But
there is a costly crew in connection,
and the total cost is not materially
lessened from that of the small grow-
er who does all by hand. Plenty of
my neighbors dig an acre in a day
and a half, which means a cost of $3.
A man, four horses and machine will
dig this acre in one~third of a day at
a cost of $2.25. It costs two cents per
bushel to pick behind the digger, and
one and a half cents when dug by
hand, the horses and machine sav-
ing 25 cents per acre in digging and
picking up 200 bushels, and the very
hard work when done by hand.

A man plants one and a quarter
acres per day by hand, cost $1.60 per
acre. A man, team and planter plants
on an average, four acres per day at
a cost of $1.25 per acre. It would be
interesting if Mr. C. would give us his
exact figures on these four items. I
spray five acres for bugs by hand,
with an $8 dust rig, in four hours.
Mr. Cook, a team, an $80 sprayer,
covers this area in two and a half
hours. My cost, 16 cents per acre,
his, 20 cents.

Mr. Cook complains that my charge
of $2 per acre for use of tools is too
low. Says he would have to “mate-
rially enlarge” this charge. If he
grows 25 acres per year (as he should
do with such tools) then his acre
charge for use of tools (which he fig-
ures at $55.20 per year), would be
$2.20. If, however, he works three
acres, then his charge would be $18.40.
That he must .“materially enlarge"
the charge is pretty fair evidence that
he does not grow many acres.

Now, Mr. Cook, (begging your par-
don), it don’t count much to tell us
you are producing for so much less
that you “refrain to give your figures.”
Your figures are just what we want.
If you can produce so much more
cheaply than the rest of us, we want
to be let into the secret. Give it to
us item by item.

Mr. Arnold, it don’t add any light to
the question under discussion to tell
Mr. Hedrick and myself that we are
“not practical potato growers,” and
take a running jump at the proposi-
tion and tell us you produce for $25
per acre. Too many farmers have talk-
ed just as you talk. Give us your cost
table, item by item. '

Mr. Nielsen, you gave us one item
of cost of your crop, e. g., seven and
one-half loads of manure per acre. If
ton loads, it amounts to $23.40 worth
of plant food elements per acre, two-
thirds of which should be charged to
the potato crop, or $15.60.

You are all like several of my neigh-
bors who have lately told me they
thought, when they read my cost ta-
ble last April, that I was crazy, but
since they 'have studied the matter
more carefully they have decided I am
not so badly off as they feared I was.

Itemized Costs Are Valuable.

The articles of Mr. Hedrick of Penn-
sylvania, and Mr. Peck, of Ohio, are
the most valuable thus far contribut-
ed on this question, because they con-
tain the itemized experience of these
men. While both fail to include all
the items of cost and the planting and
digging items of Mr. Hedrick as sug-
gested by Mr. Arnold may seem too
high, and the harvesting and plant
food charges of Mr. Peck as unreason-
ably too low, still they have given us

 

IGAN FARMER"

very much valuable f00d for thought.
I am at a loss to account for Mr.
Peck’s low cost of harvesting. It is
very difficult to formulate a criticism
in this case, for Mr. P. is a bookkeep-
er, if not an expert accountant and he
has the figures to show for it and “fig-
ures don’t lie.” This is what his “ex-
pense sheet” shows: Eight acres of
potatoes dug, picked up, and stored
by one man in 62 hours, and one
horse used 34 hours, and some kind
of machine used 17 hours, at a cost
all told, of $1.80 per acre. Mr. Peck
must have slipped a cog in his book-
keeping, or mislaid some of his daily
report sheets. No one man ever did
what this expense sheet says he did,
and never will. It is an impossibility.
Mr. Peck’s cost keeping system may
be all right. I do not care to criticise
that. In fact, I do not see that the
fault of this harvesting item is in any
way the fault of the system. I am
not so much interestedin the system
of keeping accounts as I am in the
account being an honest record of the
facts. We want these cost tables to
show not only every item of cost that
enters into the production, but we
want all of every item. I have just
read Mr. Peck’s reply to Mr. Finn, and
I confess I do not see a good reason
for his not charging his salary against
his farm operations, except that by so
doing it would reduce the profit show-
ing. Mr. Peck is the “head push” of
the farm, directing the movements of
manager and men, and doing the work
that someone would have to be paid
big wages to do if Mr. Peck did not
do it.
A Comparison of Costs.
That farmer readers may compare,
I have reduced the figures of Mr. Hed-
rick and Mr. Peck to cost per acre,
as shown in the following table:
Cost of Growing and Marketing an
Acre of Potatoes.
Crum. Hedrick. Peck

Plowing . .. ..$ 2 00 $ 2.33 $2.25
Fitting .......... 2 25 1.44 1.22
Selecting seed. .75 .. . . .. . .
Seed ............ 10.00 2.66 6.54
Treating seed and
material ....... .75 .. . . .95
Cutting seed ..... .75 .. . . .63
Planting . 2.00 5.83 1.18
Spraying and ma-
terials ........ 3.25 .. . . .. . .
Cultivating ...... 3.25 4.13 3.32
Harvesting . .. . . . 8.00 10.00 1.80
Storing .......... 4.00 .. . . .. . .
Soirting and Haul-
ng ........... 8.00 13.28 3.09
Plant food ....... 15.00 11.00 1.89
Tools, use of ..... 2.00 .. . . 1.71
Rent or interest. . 7.00 .. . . .. . .
Taxes ........... .50
Miscellaneous . . . .. . . .. . . 2.54
Total ......... $69.50 $50.67 $27.12

Note that I have added $2 to the
former table for harvesting, and 50
cents for taxes; that my charge was
for selected seed, Hedrick’s for small
cull seed; that Hedrick hauled eight
miles and Peck, evidently a short dis-
tance, as his charge shows a goodly
number of potatoes handled in a short
space of time; that Hedrick applied
600 pounds of fertilizer per acre and
Peck 168 pounds; that Peck has not
charged for some $10 worth of plant
food removed from his land, storage,
spraying, and about $6 for harvesting,
all of which would bring his total up
to about $50 per acre.

Mr. Editor, I feel that we have
made a good start on this cost of crop
matter. Some of my neighbors are
keeping account of their potato grow-
ing expenses for the first time and are
being surprised at what they are get-
ting into their crop. Some items in
my cost table may be reduced some-
what, but the fact will be hammered
home to the minds of the potato grow-
ers that it is costing them very much
more than they have been figuring to
produce this crop. I wrote the April
article, expecting to be criticized more
harshly than I have been, especially
on the plant food item, which no one
has mentioned. I do not want you to
get the impression that my figures are
unchangeable. If it can be shown
that I am wrong in any item, I shall
be glad to change it.

Montcalm Co. C. W. CRUM.

 

 

 

ERE’Sthe low down spreader
with the big drive wheels.
The beater and all driving parts

are on the rear axle. That
means no clutches to give trou-
ble, no chains to break or to get
out of line; it means less than
half the parts heretofore used
on the simplest spreader.

Only hip high to the top. Easy
to load. You see where to place
each forkful. The result is an
even load that spreads uni-
formly.

Light draft because the beater
runs on roller bearings and the
center of the load is compara-
tively near the team. staunch,
strong and easy to operate.

See the John Deere. the
Spreader with the Beater on
the Axle. Sold by John Deere
dealers everywhere. Send for
beautiful booklet, also for

“Farm Manures and

Fertilizers” FREE
A Book by Dr. W. E. Taylor,’ soil

expert. It tells the value of manure,
how it should be stored, and how ap-
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of it. You can get both books free
when you write about John Deere
Spreaders by asking for package No.
Y-5.

JOHN DEERE, Manna, lnmms

r I
You want your Threshing done quick-
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Clean, ripe grain threshes easy but it takes
the quality of

BATAVIA GRAINERS

to thrash out weedy and poorly
ripened grain Without waste.

Use the BATAVIA and be sure ofresulls

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

//1 i "

' l"""‘J [ l
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‘\‘ ‘ 'fllinié. f' £ng” 464' is. El ; i .
.1 1m: ' ‘9/ . k ‘ N l T
333:!“ g tiL ,, .
\ m9. El ,
a - \

If you'd thrash your Pu and Bean crops at a profit and
so clean that they will bring an extra price get a

BIDWELL BEANER

Large size and a special "Jr." size.
Write for FREE Catalog and full particulars.

BATAVIA MACHINE (0., Box 6, Batavla, N. Y.
LFor Middle West. J. M. PRESTON (30.. Lansing, Mich.

Cutaway-

Disk Tools for Intensive Tillage

There isn’t a farmer in America but
who should own at least one CUT-
AWAY (CLARK) disk harrow or plow.

Over 100 Styles and Sizes

Ask us about the DOUBLE Acrion ENGINE
HARROW, the DOUBLE ACTION—REGULAR.
the DOUBLE ACTION—EXTENSION HEAD-(for
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the SINGLE ACTION—EXTENSION HEAD—(for
orchard work), the BUSH AND Boo PLow. the
Com: AND COTTON HARROW. the RIGHT LAP
PLOW the CAI IFORNIA ORCHARD PLOW or the
one horse barrows and cultiva: ors, whichever
it may be that you need. Ask your dealer to
show you a CUTAWAY (CLARK) machine. Do
not accept a substitute. Write us for catalog.

The Cutaway Harrow Company
Maker of the original CLARK dirk harraw: and flow:
992 Main Street, Y Higganum, Conn.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

   
  

 
  

 
 
   

  

* 5120’; FREE The disks are
e or! and forged sharp

Intensive Tillace' .


   
    

 

 

CUT THE COST or PLOWING
By Usiné Flying Dutchman Acme Shares

No matter whether you use Walking, Sulky, Gang or Engine Plows, Flying
Dutchman Acme Steel Shares will greatly reduce the 'cost of your plowing.

These can be kept as hard and sharp as new during their entire life.

Sharp shares run easy—insure a bigger day's work—hard shares stay sharp
longer—cause less dela s. .. .. ,,

The farmer himself can reharden Flying Dutchman
Shares with the manufacturer’s positive guarantee that they
will not break in the fire or in the field.

No other share has such a guarantee.

No other share has such quality in it.

N 0 other share can be successfully retempered after the
first sharpening.

By holding a hard, sharp, keen cutting edge, Flyiné
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horse flesh—save time—they actually save money

Flying Dutchman Acme Shares are used only on ’
plows manufactured by the Moline Plow Co.

The Best Ever Plow

which is the best built, lightest draft, best balanced and easiest operated plow on the
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Ask your Flying Dutchman Dealer about Best Ever Flows
and Flying Dutchman Acme Shares.
" «Write us today for FREE ILLUSTRATED BOOKLETS.

Moline Plow Co.

Dept. 26, Moline, 111.

THE AMERICAN

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Made in two sizes 14x14 and 20x20.

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This is therltind of results our customers get:

“I want to Write you in regard to
your No. 14 Double Cylinder Bean .
and Pea Thresher, which I purchased ’
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machines turned out work that was far inferior to ours. Your machine is a
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C. R. ALLEY, Evart, Michigan.

Send at once for catalog and full information on splendid 30-day free trial offer.

AMERICAN GRAIN SEPARATOR COMPANY,
1027 Essex 5L, 5. E. MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.

 

Any farmer can easily
temper Flyind Dutch-
man Acme Shares.

 

 
   
 

DOUBLE
CYLINDER

  

     

, ing fertility.

 
       
   
   
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
       
   
       
       
   
  

 

    
       
   
   
   
   
   
   
         
       
   
   
     

 

 

MINERAL
. _"".'s: HEAVE ,
32....REMEDY

BOOK ON

Dog Diseases
AND HOW TO FEED
Mailed Free to any address by the author

a. CLAY GLOVER. V. S.
I 18 West 3 1 st Street New York

   
   
 

 

  

free

83 Pack OUBEQ any case or money refunded

 

 

Remedy Co.. 463 N. Fourth Ave.. Pittsburgh.Pa

m
01 Package OURES ordinary oases. liner-a] Heave

 

 

Save Money on Your Fence Posts.

Galvanized Steel Posts cost less in the long run. Their average life is 20 years

Tar STEEL POSTS

PATENTED

are made of best basic open hearth steel—galvanized after forming or special paint-

ed after forming, with all edges protected, which makes them longer lived than any
steel post on the market.

Do not dig post holes. The T & T posts are driven, and shaped so that they do

not cut away or punch out any part of the ground. They are ten times as strong as

wood and are fire and lightning proof. T 8: T Posts are made in three ways:

Acid Proofed Galvanized. Special Galvnized,coalol with pure zinc. Black Paintedhnd dippped.

T & T posts are made in various sizes and lengths to meet all requirements.
They are shipped nested, which reduces the freight rate. We also make special end
and corner posts to be used with or without concrete.

Send for booklet giving full information and prices.

The Metal Post 8: Culvert Company, - Niles, Ohio

 

 

v—' 0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

'Whon Writing to advertisers please nsntipn Tits, niobium inner.

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

. AUG. 22, 1914.

l

gilllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllillllllllllllllllllllIllIllIIIIIllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllmllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIllllllllIllllllllllIllllllIlllflllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllLlLE '

E - E
Live Stock.
gullll|IllIllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIllllllllllllllllllIlllIll[ll|[ll|l|lIllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllll|lllllIlIllllllI|llIlllllIIllIlll"Il|llIIIllllIll|llHIllllllllllllllllllllilllIIIIIIIIIIE

ECONOMICAL CATTLE FEEDING.

 

The cattle feeding business has
changed greatly during recent years.
Formerly, matured steers were fed in
large numbers upon commercial feeds
at yards near granaries or mills, or
on large farms where only the rough—
age was grown, and the cattle were
kept on full feed for six months or
longer. This method became too ex-
pensive, so feeding is now conducted
upon farms as a means of marketing
farm products by converting them in-
to beef, while the manure produced is
utilized as a by-product for maintain-
At the present time in
the corn belt, cattle are usually fed
in small herds of one to four carloads,
and are marketed at 18 months to
three years of age.

There have been a number of fac-
tors which have united in causing
these changes, is the statement made
in Farmers’ Bulletin 588, just issued
by the Department of Agriculture, a
bulletin whose purpose it is to pro-
mote cattle feeding on moderate-sized
farms. There has been a gradual in-
crease iu the value of farm products,
continues the statement, and the cost
of farming has also increased. In the
seven leading cattle‘feeding states the
prices of various feeds on December
1 of the years 1899 to 1901 and 1909
to 1911, have been taken and it was
found that during this ten-year period
the price of corn had advanced 29 per
cent and hay 45 per cent, while such
supplemental concentrates as linseed
oil meal and cottonseed meal had in-
creased in about the same proportion.
The price of labor has advanced 31
per cent, and feeder steers have ad-
vanced 36 per cent since 1904. Lastly,
the value of land has increased 103
per cent during the decade 1900 to
1910. This increase in land value
makes a much larger capitalization
upon which interest must'be charged.

All of these itemstaken together
make a heavy increase in the cost of
feeding, and although the prices of
finished cattle have increased greatly-
they have not kept pace with the in-
creased expenses. Thus, comparing
the three-year period from 1899 to
1901, with that of 1900 to 1911, native
steers on the Chicago market have
advanced about 24 per cent. Again,
as the price of feeders has advanced
faster than that of fat cattle, the mar-
gin of profit is smaller than formerly.
These conditions have caused many
feeders either to curtail their feeding
operations greatly, or else stop feed-
ing entirely.

It is difficult to estimate accurately
the cost of raising cattle, as it varies
greatly on different farms. Consider-
able data at hand show that for a calf
six months of age, weighing 450 lbs.,
the cost of raising varies from $17 to
$23 in the west, and from $20 to $28
in the east. The freight rates and
other shipping charges from the west
will practically offset this difference,
so that the calves will cost about the
same in eastern feed lots, whether
raised locally or shipped from the
corn belt states. At six cents a pound
these calves would ordinarily bring
about $27 and would usually insure
the producer a fair profit.

To determine as accurately as pos.
sible the cost of feeding farm animals
cost accounting records were kept for
two years on 24 Iowa farms. During
the feeding year beginning with the
fall of 1909, the average profit on 961
cattle fed in 22 bunches was $2.05
per head, in addition to the profits on
the hogs following them. The 1,504
hogs following these steers were giv-
en extra grain, and they yielded a
profit of $6.67 per hog, thus giving a
profit of $12.49 per steer ‘when the
pork was credited to the steers. The

following year was not so satisfactory
and the net profit was only $4.04 per
steer.

Any system of cattle feeding must
take into account a plan of having
hogs follow the fattening cattle. In
fact, the best authorities believe that
with the present narrow margin for
fat cattle, it is inadvisable to feed
without hogs.

THE FARM BARNYARD.

 

It is more or less a deplorable fact
that many barnyards at certain sea-
sons of the year are practically im-
passable. The condition of many barn-
yards and feed lots during the muddy
weather of early spring is such that
it used to be said a man should not
feed cattle unless he could wade in
mud “knee deep.”

In many cases the condition of the
yards could be greatly improved by a.
little provision for better drainage,
especially in localities where the sur-
face of the land is such'that the barn-
yard and feed lots cannot be located
on a hillside with ample surface drain-
age.

The successful drainage of a barn-
yard must receive consideration other
than that involved in the practice of
land drainage. This is due primarily
to the fact that the continued tramp-
ing of the stock over the surface has
a puddling action and tends to make
the surface waterproof. This action
is more noticeable with some soils
than with others; in this connection
it should be stated that a graveliy
soil makes by far the best location for
a barnyard, but, of course, this can-
not be obtained often. However, the
selection of the barnyard should a1~
ways be given attention by the stock-
man. He should be careful to place
the yards and lots where the best sur<
face drainage may be obtained. Often
much can be accomplished by a little
grading and stockmen and farmers
should make use of the proper
changes in the surface and grade to
produce the best results. I have ob-
served many yards which could be
greatly improved with little work and
at little cost. The surface should not
only shed the water to the proper
places, where it may be taken into
tile catch basins or onto the soil,
which will permit the water to filter
through to the tile underneath, but
should also prevent any flow of sur-
face water onto the barnyard. Often
the latter point is one which is neg-
lected, yet is so easily provided
against. There is no need, Whatever,
in any case, of allowing surface water
to flow into the yards from the out-
side.

The thorough drainage of the ad-
joining land has a marked effect upon
the condition of the barnyard. If the
barnyard is not too big it cannot get
into a very bad condition if the sur-
rounding land is thoroughly drained.
Although the surface of the soil may
become puddled it is hardly possible
that it will become perfectly water-
proof and there will be some filtration
through. If the soil is inclined to be
open, one need not hesitate to put in
tile lines through the lot proper for
such lines will give good results.

The water from the barns and other
buildings should not be allowed to
flow onto the surface of the yards, but
it should be led directly into the tile
lines. The buildings, therefore, must
be provided with eave spouts.

There are those who maintain that
thorough drainage of a barnyard per-
mits a loss of fertility in the manure
washed away. This objection is not
well founded, however. It is reason-
able that with a good, firm and dry
barnyard, less manure will be lost
than where the mud is knee deep.

Indiana. W. F. PURDUE.

 

 

 

4.

 

”—41-... —/—~

«

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

“a..- 1‘.

 

 

. AUG. 22, 19171.

THEV’MICHIGAN FARMER

 

 

all"Ill|lilllllllill|lllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllilllllllllll|Illl|||llllIlllIliilllllllllllllllllHIELE
E " o E
Da1ry.
gllllllilIlllilIlllllllllllllllllllllllll||llllll|lllllllil|IllllllilllllllllllllllllllllIlililllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.

WHAT TO FEED WITH OATS FOR
GRAIN RATION ON PASTURE.

 

 

I have two cows, one a Jersey, the
other a Holstein, two and three years
old. What would be a good balanced
ration to feed them to produce milk,
using ground oats? Or what other
good ration can I feed, and how?

Lapeer'Co. B. E. G.

Where the cows get the most of
their roughage from succulent pas-
ture I don’t think there is any better
ration than corn and oats ground to-
gether equal parts. In fact, there is
a mighty good ration for cows at any
time of the year.
better. For winter feeding, where
you have corn silage, especially if
you have timothy hay, the ration
would lack a little in protein, and
then it would pay to feed a little cot-
tonseed meal or oil meal, but on pas.
ture you have a larger per cent of
protein and I am sure that corn and
oats ground together will fill the bill.
I would sugest that if the cows have
pretty good pasture you feed them a
half pound of this feed for every
pound of butter-fat which they pro—
duce in a week. As the pasture Vbe~
gins to get bare, as it undoubtedly
will in August, you can increase this
ration. If you have good cows you
can afford to feed them, if the pas-
ture is short, a full winter ration of
grain, which would be a pound of
the grain for every pound of butter-
fat they produce in a week. The feed
for a Holstein would not differ from
the feed for a Jersey. They ought to
be fed in proportion to what they do,
and if you give them food in propor-
tion to the butter-fat they produce in
a week they will be properly nour-
ished.

 

ICE CREAM AN IMPORTANT FAC-
TOR.

 

Many people do not realize what an
important factor the modern demand
for ice cream is in helping to sustain
prices of dairy products. Enormous
quantities of butter-fat are now made
into ice cream. Thislwould have to
be made into butter or cheese and it
would make a surplus of butter and
cheese and would knock the bottom
out of prices. Not only are enor-
mous quantities of butter-fat used in
the manufacture of ice cream, but
this occurs at the season of the year
when there is liable to be a surplus
of dairy products. The great consump-
tion of ice cream is during the flush
of milk production in spring and sum-
mer just when needed. The price of
storage butter would go away down
if, for any reason, the consumption of
ice cream should cease. It is to the
dairyman’s interest to see to it that
the law compels the manufacturer to
put a good per cent of butter-fat in
ice cream. We farmers want the con-
sumer to have good rich ice cream
and the more we can coax him to eat
the better.

HOW TO BUILD LATH AND PLAS-
TERED SILO.

 

Will you please describe how to
build a lath and plastered silo made
of green elm, with the siding running
around inside and out? Also, how
heavy to cut the frame or joists. Could
I use green elm inside to plaster on.
If so, what size should the strips be
cut? How close together should the
uprights be to make it strong enough?
Would this make a good silo?

Saginaw Co. L. H. C.

To build a lath and plastered silo
dig a circular trench of the size you
want the silo for your foundation. Dig

this down at least two feet. Get it

. down so‘ that you will have a good

. and firm foundation.

Fill this trench
up with grout, you can use a num-
ber of cobblestones if you want to, it

There is nothing -

will save so much gravel. Build it up
above ti 3 ground six or eight inches.
Have the surface of the foundation
wall when it is completed, slant to
the outside so that the water won’t
run in and rot the sill.

On this foundation wall put 8. Cir-
cular sill made out of common lum-
ber, and have it double thickness so
you can lap and mismatch the joints.
Then nail common studding 16 inches
apart on this circular sill. Set the
studding so that when the silo is lath-
ed on the inside the lath will come
just flush with your foundation wall,
so that when you plaster you can
plaster over the inner surface of the
fOundation wall and have it smooth
with the wall above.

The studding for the doorway
should be set a little beveled so that
that openings for the doors will be
wider on the inside of the silo than
on the outside. These are set on a
bevel so the doors can be put in from
the inside and will not push out. Put
your silo up as high as you wish to
build and put on a circular plate.
Lath it on the inside, using any kind
of lath. You can get the patent board
lath, which is matched lumber with
grooves cut in it, or you can lath it
with common plastering lath. You
can get elm lumber sawed that will
bend around and lath it on the inside
as good as with anything else. These
should be nailed onto the silo, leav-

v

 

Device for Prevention of Kicking.
ing spaces so that the mortar will
clinch.

Don’t have ‘a continuous doorway.
Lath it on the inside over each door-
way. Reinforce the silo by wrapping
a No. 8 galvanized fence wire around
the silo between each doorway. This
will make it of sufficient strength so
that it will not need any hoops. Clap-
board the outside and about three
feet between each doorway, and make
your doors about three feet. Plaster
the silo on the inside with good rich
cement mortar and you will have as
good a silo as anyone.

A DEVICE TO PREVENT COW
KICKING.

 

A simple but effective device to
prevent cows kicking, while milking,
is made of a chain 26 inches long, and
two books made of two-inch strap
iron. The books are made of flat
strap iron and shaped so that they
will fit the leg of the cow just above
the hock with the gap of the hook to-
ward ,the inside. The hook which fits
the left leg of the cow is fastened to
the end of the chain. The chain is
brought around to the front of the
legs and is passed through the loop
on the hook on the right leg. This
holds the legs secure and without
discomfort to the cow. This device
can easily bs made by a blacksmith.

Kentucky. H. APPEL.

 

 

 

 

Don’t

     

 

  
     

”iii!“

&

IF YOU ARE SELLING
cream or making butter and
have no separator or are using
an inferior machine, you are

- wasting cream every day you do—
lay the purchase of a De Laval.

THERE CAN ONLY BE TWO
real reasons for putting off buy-
ing a De Laval; either you do
not really appreciate how great
your loss in dollars and cents

. actually is or else you do not
believe the De Laval Cream
Separator will make the savings
claimed for it.

IN EITHER CASE THERE IS
one conclusive answer: “Let the
local De Laval agent set up a

 

 

 

Delay Buying a

 

SEPARATOR
a single day longer

machine for you on your place
and SEE FOR YOURSELF
what the De Laval will do.”
YOU HAVE NOTHING TO
risk and a million other cow

owners who have made this
test have found they had much
to gain.

YOU CAN’T AFFORD TO
wait till next 'spring. Let the
De Laval start saving cream‘for
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SEE THE NEAREST
De Laval agent at ONCE or
if you do not know him write
us direct for any desired in-
formation.

165 Broadwey. New York

The De Laval Separator Co., 2. E. Mam... 5., mm,

D OVER In

 

 

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Nicknames encourage
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THE COCA-COLA Co., ATLANTA, GA.

 

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I... ’ I
ONE BUSHEL CRATES
FOLDING nn'd STATIONARY.
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UN LSEPT EMBEB 15th we are making the
following special price:
50 Stationary or 5 Foldin Crate: and
One STEEL TRAY WHE LBARROW $9000

Order today and have them when you need them.
LANSING (30.. Lansing, Mlch.

Bushel Grates

Made from Elm Timber.

g”. Knocked Down or Nailed Up
' Natl them yourself.
Save Money.

Large or small Orders
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Romeo. Michigan.

Pedigieeil Seed Wheat.

Bred by its Michigan Igricullural College.

Highest yielding of several hundred varieties
and selections. $2 per bushel for well cleaned
seed, sacks free. Address
SECRETARY MICHIGAN EXPERIMENT ASSN.

East Lansing, Michigan.

ROSEN RYE.

A new rye bred by the Michigan Agricultural
College from a Russian importation. The heads are
well filled and the yield much larger than from the
common varieties. Well (leaned seed for sale at

bushel sacks free. Ad

8 O'RET ARY MICHIGAN EXPERIMENT ASSN.

East Lansing.'\iI(hIg1n

Seed Wheat

GYPSY WHEAT, grown on Woodland

Farm produced 41 bushels per acre,

absolutely pure and clean.

THE WING SEED COMPANY
Box 542 Mechanicsburg. Ohio

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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SEED WHEAT.

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PURE FIELD SEEDS

Seed Wheat—Red Wave, Poole and Winter King;
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Price of 25 1000

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a d Grand Prize Seed Wheat 40bu. per
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FRAN K BARTLETT. Dryden. Mich.

 

 

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for Aug. orders 89 30. Be t.
100 600‘! Apple $9 $960 Oct. s990 Nov. '310'30‘
Dec. and so on. Strawberries ready. Farms for sale.
Wholesale Nurseries. Bloomingdale. Michigan.

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When writing advertisers
mention The Michigan Farmer.

Please.

 

THE MICHIGAN

SUMMER MEETING OF THE STATE
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

 

What was probably the most suc-
cessful summer meeting of the State
Horticultural Society, was held in con-
junction with the Oakland County
Horticultural Society, August 5-6. The
itinerary of the two days’ meeting,
which was really a trip of horticultur-
al inspection, was a very instructive
and entertaining one, because it offer-
ed opportunity for the inspection of
many different phases of horticultural
work.

The meeting started Wednesday
morning by a general gathering to-
gether at the home of R. J. Coryell,
one-half mile east of Birmingham.
The Oakland county people furnished
automobiles to convey the visitors
from the interurban station to Mr.
Coryell’s home. The morning was
spent in getting acquainted and in in-
specting the well-kept orchard and or‘
namental nurseries of Mr. Coryell.

A Good Crowd Gathered.

-After an eXcellent luncheon served
at noon, on the porch and lawns, to
about 150 people, the visitors were
conveyed by auto to the farm home of
;Misses Addie and Sarah Sly, about
three miles west. There they enjoyed
inspecting the old apple orchard and
éthe peach orchards on the farm of 0v.
‘er 200 acres which the Misses Sly
‘manage. The general condition of the
farm and orchards and the conven-
gicnccs for doing both the farm and
,the household work, were evidences
of the ability of the Misses Sly as
‘farm and household managers.
l At about 3:30 o’clock a meeting was
called by President Munson, of the
State Society, and a general informal
discussion of the important fruit ques-
tions was engaged in. The control of
the blight and a new fruit law similar
to the one just put into effect in New
York brought out the most discussion.
There were differences in opinion as
to the control of the blight, some be-
lieving that cutting out had little ef-
fect but that seasonal conditions had
the most influence in its spread or its
control. However, the present accept-
ed way of cutting the blight out and
sterilizing the wounds or the tools
used, was thought by the majority to
be advisable. An apple grower from
the State of Washington told of the
prevalence of blight in the west, and
of the strict measures they were us-
ing to control it, but he was not sure
that these methods Would absolutely
control it.

A New Fruit Law Favored.

The fruit law discussed would make
compulsory the putting of the name
and address of the grower and the
grade of fruit on all closed fruit pack-
ages. This law was generally favored
and was thought to be of benefit to
the fruit growers because it would add
to the reputation of Michigan fruit, as
it would make the buying of it a cer-
tainty instead of a grab in the bag as
it is now.

After a most excellent supper serv-
ed on the well-kept lawri, the visitors
were taken to the orchard of Mr.
Case, where the sod mulch method is
practiced. The result showed that
good fruit can be grown by more than
one method and that the exceptions to
the accepted rules and methods some-
times worked.

Thursday morning the members and
visitors gathered at the country home
of Mr. G. G. Booth, where over a mil-
lion dollars has been spent in land-
scape gardening. About an hour was
spent in inspecting the large and well-
kept grounds. The rock garden and
various formal gardens attracted con.
siderable attention.

From this place the visitors were
taken b automobile to the summer
home 9 Mr. Edwin George, on Long

 

 

FARMEs

g”IllIllll|lilillilllllllllllllllllllllllllilll|llIlllllllllllllllllllllll||llllllllllllllllllllllllllllliliillillllllllllll llllll||llllllllllillIllillIllllllllllllll.llllll||Illilll|llllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllillliIllllllllillllllllllllllllll[lg .
E o g
Horticulture.
fillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||lIlll|IllllllllIll||||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|ill]l||lHillllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllHllllllllllIlllllIIllllIlllllllllIllIl||IllilllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

Lake, where an hour was spent in
looking over the ground and orchards.
While not as pretentious as the
grounds of Mr. Booth's estate, they
were equally attraCtive, and the visit-
ors felt amply repaid for their stop
there. After the sightseeing, a light
lunch of sandwiches and lemonade
was served, and was greatly appre-
ciated by the members.
A Large Crowd at Ward Farm.

The next stopping place was the
Ward orchards, near Pontiac, the
members arriving there at 11:30, the
schedule time. Mrs. M. D. Ward had
a most excellent dinner prepared. The
crowd, however, was twice as large as
expected, which caused a. slight delay
in serving the dinner. The supply was
plentiful, however, and all of the hun-
gry ones were satisfied. The ladies
were served in the house, wherethe
tables were nicely decorated and the
gentlemen were served at tables on
the lawn. There were fully 250 serv-
ed, and Mrs. Ward can be compli.
mented upon the manner in which she
showed her hospitality to so large a
number.

Large Orchards Inspected.

After dinner a meeting was called
and a general description of these ex-
tensive orchards was given. After
this Mr. Fred Ward was called upon,
who, after welcoming the society, told
of some of his experiences in orchard-
ing. After a short discussion on gen-
eral fruit subjects, the meeting ad-
journed and the members spent sev-
eral hours in inspecting the orchards,
the large packing shed, the cooper
shop, and the spray mixing shed. At
3:30 the visitors were taken to Pon-
tiac and conducted through the motor
truck factory of the General Motors
Company. After the various steps in
the process of manufacturing auto
trucks were shown, the management
served light refreshments“

The success of this meeting is a
credit to the Oakland County Society,
and their hospitality gained them a,
reputation. Wednesday night their
members royally entertained in their
homes most of the large number of
visitors from other parts of the state.
Other fruit-growing districts of the
state were well represented, the fruit
belt along the Lake Michigan shore
especially, having a large number in
attendance. These summer meetings
are among the most valuable and in-
structive, and the State Society has
and the large attendance each year
show that they are appreciated.

TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.

 

Transplanting of Raspberries and As-

paragus.
Could you tell me when is the best
time to transplant asparagus and

Iaspbe ry plants, and can they be suc-
cessfully transplanted in August, and
how deep to plant?

SUBSCRIBER.

Spring is the most desirable time
for transplanting most all fruits and
perennial vegetables, because at that
time of the year the plants are mak-
ing a new start and the soil and
weather conditions are favorable for
newly set plants to establish them-
selves.

It would not be advisable to trans-
plant either asparagus or raspberries
during August as both these plants
are just about half-way through with
their season’s development and trans-
planting at this time would cause
them to lose their foliage and die
back, and then if the conditons were
favorable a new start Would be made.
This new growth would not have time
to properly mature before the winter
set in and would be injured by the
cold.

If it is urgent that these plants be
transplanted at this time, the only
method that could be suggested would

‘ AUG. 22, 1914.

be a thorough wetting of the soil in

which they now stand and then dig-
ging them up with enough soil adher-
ring to them to not disturb the roots.
This should be followed by shading
the plants from intense sunlight and
frequent watering, however, regard-
less of the amount of care given the
plants in transplanting at this time of
the year,
be guaranteed.

Regarding the depth to set plants, a.
good general rule is to set them a lit-
tle deeper than they were where they
were growing.

Pruning Questions.

Please tell me when to trim rasp-
berries and when to trim the new
canes, stating how far back to cut. I
would also like to know how to 11x
strawberry rows, and what is the
best kind to plant?

Hillsdale Co. G. W. S.

The proper time to head back the
new canes of the raspberry is when
the canes are about two and a. half
to three feet high. This heading back
is done to encourage the growth of
laterals and branches low on the
cane. The old canes of the raspber-
ry should be cut out immediately af-
ter the crop is harvested, as they are
usually diseased and are a source of
infestation for the new canes.

To renew strawberry rows which
have borne fruit, they should be cut
down to the width of a single plant,
and all the old plants hoed out. This
can easily be done by plowing away
from the row on both sides immedi~
ately following with the weeding and
hoeing. As soon as possible the earth
should be raked back to the ridge
that has been left by plowing, so that
the plants will not dry out. Follow-
ing this the strawberry plantation
should be cultivated and kept in good
condition generally to encourage the
plants to establish new rows for the
coming season.

It is hard to advise with reference
to varieties of strawberries, as the se-
lection depends greatly upon the kind
of soil in which the plants are to be
set. However, as a general favorite
the Senator Dunlap stands foremost.
It does well on a larger variety of
soils than any other variety grown.

CONTROLLING CABBAGE WORMS.

 

At this period of the year one of the
serious problems of the gardener is
how to deal with cabbage worms. The
white butterfly with small dark brown
spots on its wings, which we see so
often flying over the meadows, is the
adult of the cabbage worm. As yet
there is no remedy which is efiective
against this butterfly, and likewise,
we know of no effective measures for
killing the eggs after they have been
laid on the cabbage plants.

An arsenical spray (either Paris
green or arsenate of lead), may be
used after the head of the cabbage
starts to form. Such a spray should
be made in the same proportions as
that used for potato beetles. It is a.
dangerous practice to spray with an
arsenical after the heads have begun
to form, as some of the poison may
remain in the head until after it is
harvested.

Pyrethrum is the powdered root of
an Arabian daisy and may be purchas-
ed at any drug store. It is ,a very
good contact insecticide, and still, at
the same time, it is not injurious if
taken into the human system. For
use on the cabbage worm, a solution
of one-half ounce of pyrethrum and
one gallon of water should be used as
a spray. This is a “contact spray"
and by this we mean that it will kill
all worms it touches. It may be nec-
essary to go over the cabbage patch
two days in succession in order to get
all the worms, for some of them will
be on the under side of the cabbage
leaves; yet, at this, it is better to
spray twice with pyrethrum than to
run any risk of injury with an ar-
senical spray after the heads have b&
gun to develop.

- Inghsm. Co. I. J. MATHEW

satisfactory results cannot~

I

‘ I

 

 


 

 

 

AUG. 22, 1914.

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

 

fillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||lllllllllll|lllllllll|||lllllllllllllllIllIll|Illl.llifllllllllllllllillllllllIllIlllllllllllll|ll|lilllllllllIllilllIliilillillllillllilili. IllIIIlllIIlHillHilllIIIllllllll||llllllllilll|Ill||lllllllillllliilllllllllfl I
s ' - - » s
Practlcal Selence.
ElllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllliillllllIlllllilllllllll|lllllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHllllllllllll|Illll|llllIllllllIllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllfi

LABORATORY REPORT.

 

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.
Soil Acidity and its Correction.

I have been told that marl which is
found in lakes in this county in large
quantities, is good for sweetening a
sour soil. I have tried this, but could
see no benefit. I tested the soil by
taking a little of it, wetting it and
putting in a piece of blue litmus pa-
per which it turned red, and then I
applied about as mucn marl as I used
soil and let it stand for 12 hours, but
it failed to turn the paper back to
blue. Kindly explain the apparent dis-
crepancy between the accepted theory
and my experience. SUBSCRIBER.

Regarding the use of marl for the

sweetening of sour soils. From a
theoretical point of view, based on
the composition of marl, it should be
qiute satisfactory for this purpose, as
marl, at least good light marl, will
contain usually over 90 per cent car-
bonate of lime. It is usually conced-
ed that cariionate of lime is effective
for this purpose.
One Advantage of Marl.

There has been of late some ques-
tion thrown around the effectiveness
of carbonate of lime, but we think this
disadvantage, if there is such a dis-
advantage, would be more apt to ap-
ply to carbonate of lime from ground
limestone than to carbonate of lime
from marl. Of course, marl is not a
very active substance, and we should
necessarily expect that results from
the employment of marl would be
very slow. Possibly it might take two
or three years for a soil to become
permanently benefited by an applica-
tion of marl or ground limestone.
Marl has an advantage over limestone
in that it is in a state of much finer
division. We think that fineness of
division is probably the point whch
most governs the value of carbonate
of lime.

Hydrate of Lime vs. Carbonate of

Lime.

It is apparent to us from reports by
authentic observers that much quick-
er results will be obtained on a soil
by the use of hydrated lime. Of
course, hydrated lime is strongly alka-
line and naturally we would expect it
to neutralize soil acidity much quick-
er than carbonate of lime, but un-
doubtedly hydrate of lime, when
worked into the soil, becomes very
rapidly carbonated, but being a pre-
cipitated product, its fineness of di-
vision makes the surfaces exposed al-
most infinite and consequently the
influence of soil water on its solubil-
ity is very great. To our mind this is
the main factor which exhibits the
superiority of hydrate of lime over
carbonate of lime.

The Litmus Paper Test for Acidity.

Regarding the popular methods of
determining soil acidity, we will say
that We have never been in sympathy
with them. We doubt very materially
if any trustWOrthy results can be se-
cured from what is known as litmus
paper tests for acidity of soils. We
know this test has been advocated for
many years and many experiment sta-
tions have devoted considerable time
in the employment of this test on
soils. However, we challenge the re-
liability of such tests so, therefore,
we think that the litmus paper test
on the marl in question should not be
taken as an evidence that the soil is
acid or that the marl will not have a

beneficial influence upon it. We think
likewise that many soils have been

considered acid that were not acid.
Is a Soil Acid that Grows Sorrel?
There is another commonly consid-
ered indicator of the acidity of the
soil, and that is a soil which contains
an abundance of sorrel. We have
heard farmers, and lecturers also,
state that they were certain a soil
was acid because it grew an abund-
ance of sorrel. We suppose the rea-
son for this is that sorrel being a. sour

plant and tasting sour, it naturally
was supposed that a soil must be acid
or sour to produce it. We think there
is no warrant for any such statement.
Because a soil may be acid is no in-
dicator that sorrel is best adapted for
it, and because sorrel is grown on a
soil is no indication that the soil is
acid. Sorrel contains oxalic acid, and
so pronounced is this acid content that
the plant is known scientifically as
oxalis, but sorrel contains no more ox-
alic acid surely, than lemons contain
citric acid, and lemons, of course, are
called citrus fruit because they con-
tain citric acid. We have never heard
anyone maintain that because lemons
or lemon trees thrive in California,
the soil of California is therefore acid.
Neither have we ever heard the claim
that because strawberries grow well
in Michigan, that the soil of Michigan
is acid because the strawbarries con-
tain malic acid; nor that the grape-
producing soil is necessarily acid be-
cause grapes contain tartaric acid.

Are Soils Necessarily Acid that Are

Improved by Lime?

We think it is time this idea were
dispelled. We are somewhat inclined
likewise, (and I suppose We will be
accused of scientific heresy in a way,
for all of these various statements),
to discredit the idea that lime is val-
uable on a soil because that soil is
acid. Because lime itself happens to
be alkali, we see no special reason for
concluding that its benefits are shown

solely through the neutralization of,

an acid. Lime is undoubtedly a val—
uable adjunct to soils supporting le-
guminous crops, and we think the rea-
son is because it administers in some
way to the proper soil atmosphere for
leguminous plants.

The Best Remedy for Soil Acidity.

We mightencourage farmers to re-
sort to several of the common more
or less popular tests for soil acidity,
but we do not believe any great per-
manent good will be accomplished by
any such procedure. Let it be under-
stood that we do not claim that soils
are never acid. We think that many
times through improper drainage or
lack of drainage, and the lack of aera-
tion of the soil, the soil becomes acid,
due to an accumulation perhaps, of
waste material in the soil. We think
that the most effective. remedy for
such a condition lies not in the addi-
tion of lime to overcome acidity, but
in the substitution of proper drainage
and the encouraging of sufficient aera-
tion. Lime may be added to advan-
tage, for we think most soils will
stand the addition of lime at rather
frequent intervals, but it should not
take the place of sufficient drainage
and effective aeration.

THE FLIGHT OF THE HOUSE FLY.

 

Observations made in England show
that house flies tend to travel either
against or across the wind. This di—
rection may be directly determined by
the action of the wind, or indirectly,
owing to the flies being attracted by
any odors it may convey from a
source of food. The chief conditions
favoring the dispersal of flies are fine
weather and a warm temperature; the
nature of the locality is another con-
siderable favor, as in towns flies do
not travel as far as in the open coun-
try, this being probably due to the
food and shelter afforded by houses.

It was found that when set free in
the afternoon flies do not scatter so
well as when liberated in the morn-
ing. From the experiments the usual
maximum flight in thickly housed lo—
calities seems to be about a quarter
of a mile, but in one case a single fly
was recovered at a distance of 770
yards. Part of this distance, however,
was across meadow land.

 

 

  
  
  
  
   
  
  

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. TO FROM >7 Duluth St. Paul (‘hlcngo St. Louis Kansas City Omnhn
Alllslt, Book. - - - 537.50 537.80 542.80 550.50 $47.50 $45. 10 542. 10 $40.00
c:l;ary,AIta. o - - 39.50 39.50 48.50 50.50 47.50 48.50 48.50 40.00
Common, Alta. - - 39.50 39.50 48.50 50.50 47.50 48.50 48.50 40.00
Dauphin, Man. - - - 24.55 28.03 37.50 43.33 39.88 34.29 30.98 33.90
Edmonton,lAIta. - - 39.50 39.50 48.50 50.50 47.50 48.50 48.50 40.03
Humboldt, 88811. - - 32.50 32.50 37.50 48.50 48.00 40.00 37.00 37.50
Kindonley. Bock. - 38.30 38.30 41.30 50.30 47.50 43.50 41.90 40.00
Mellon, Salk. - - - 32.50 32.50 37.50 48.50 48.00 40.00 37.00 37.50
Prince Albert, 388k. 32.50 32.50 37.50 48.50 48.00 40.00 37.00 37.50
Re'lnl, Sank. - - - 30.00 30.00 35.00 44.00 43.50 37.50 34.50 37.50
Roletown, Stilt. - - 34.85 34.85 39.85 49.85 47.50 42. 15 39. 15 39.85
SICK-(con. Slot. - 32.50 32.50 37.50 48.50 48.00 40.00 37.00 37.50
Stottler. Alta. - a . 39.50 39.50 48.50 50.50 47.50 48.50 48.50 40.00
Swan River. Mill. - 29. 10 30.80 37.50 43.48 44.24 35.95 35.54 7.50

. Vogrovillo. A110. 0 - 39.50 39.50 45.40 50.50 47.50 48.50 44.90 40.00 i
Vlrdon, Mon. 0 o - 24.70 28.18 35.00 43.53 39.80 34.41 31.1 1 37.50

Mu‘. "

 

 

 

 

o * (Rates to and from other point: proportionately low)

WRITE TODAY for theselFree Books. Mail us a post-card or
oletter today stating your destination and asking for “Home-
oeeker’s Guide”—“Western Canada Has a Home for
You”—“Peace River Country.” Full of facts and

authentic information.

Canadian Northern Railway
. “ R. H. BELL, Gen. Act.

66 West Adams Street. Chicago. In.

 

k

 

 

   
  

 

 

 

 

GO TO THE

Greater Michigan Fair

FOR

Greater Michigan Farmers
AT GRAND RAPIDS

September 2—3-4-5-6-7

You will see there—
Blooded Michigan Horses
Pedigreed Michigan Cattle'
Best Strains Michigan Sheep‘\

 

 

 

 

 

Prize Winning Michigan Swine

 

Finest Michigan Poultry.
Excellent Music :=: Fine Racing
Clean Side Shows

Best of Free Attractions. Fireworks Every Evening.
TAKE YOUR FRIENDS ALONG.

GRANGE DAY, Thursday, September 3rd.
CLEANERS DAY, Friday, September 4th.

 

 

 

   
  

 

 

 

   
 

Cabbage Worms Destroyed by Dust-

mg with H ammond’s SlugL Shot

80 used for 30 years. SOLD BY ALL SEED DB ERS.
hl h '
fifti?£...§f§fififf.. B. HAMMOND, FIshhll-on-Hudson, New York.

 

 

When Writing to Advertisers please I
mention the Michigan Farmer.

,
--


 

 

144-‘--8

The Michigan Farmer

Established 1843. Copywrizht 1914.

The Lawrence Publishing Co.

Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit .Mlchlgan
TELEPHONE MAIN 4525.

NEW YORK OFFICE—41 Park Row.

CHICAGO OFFC [3—604 Advertising Building.

CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave.. N. E.

PHILADELPHIA Olli‘FIC E—214-218 Twelfth St.

 

 

 

 

M, J. LAWRENCE ..................................... President
M. L, LAWRENCE ................................ ViceoPresident
E_ H. HOUGH’I‘ON .................................... Sec.-'l‘rcas.
I. R WATERBURY .................................

BURT WERMUTH................................... Assoicate
F_ A, WILKEN ........................................ Editors

ALTA LAWSON LI’I‘TELL ........................

E, H. HOUGHTON .......................... Business Manager

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

One year, 52 issues ......................................... 50 cents
Two years, 104 issues .......................................... $1.00
Three years. 156 issues 1,25
Five years 260 issues ............................................ 2.u0

All sent postpaid.
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Always send money by draft. postoflice money order.
registered letter or by express. We will not be responsible
for money sent in letters. Address all communications to.
and make all drafts checks and postoflice orders payable to,
The Lawrence Publishing Co.

We never. unless through error. send The Michigan
Farmer beyond the date subscribed to—our subscription price
being always due in advance. and sample copies always free.
No bills will ever be sent should a subscription through
error be continued after expiration.

RATES OF ADVERTISING:
40cents per line agate type measurement. or $5.60 per
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serted for less than 251.20 each insertion. No objection-
able advertisements inserted at any price.
Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.
postolfice.

DETROIT, AUG. 22, 1914.

A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF
THE WEEK.

 

 

 

Where Conservation Can be Prop-
erly Applied.——An argument for
the conservation of a valuable
by—product, straw ............... 137

Grasshopper Bait—Some methods
of controlling the grasshoppers
where fall plowing cannot be
practiced ...................... 138

Economical Cattle Feeding—An
analysis of items which enter in-
to the cost and profit of cattle
feeding ..................... 140

Soil Acidity and its Correction.—
A scientist’s view on the general

question of soil acidity ......... 143
Among the Wonders of Tropical
Ceylon.—An interesting travel

article by an interesting writer..145
Packing for Shipment—Pertinent
advice for beginners in the ship-
ping of farm produce ............ 152
New Net Weight Law Affects the
Honey Producers.—An explana-
tion of the application of the
new law ................ ........154

CURRENT COMMENT.

 

Important changes were
The Primary made in the primary
Election. election law by the last
Legislature. These new
provisions will be in force for the first
time in the general primary election
which will be held on Tuesday, Aug-
ust 25, for which reason we are call-
ing the reader’s attention to some of
them, to the end that errors which
might void many ballots may be
avoided. .

One of the important changes made
in the law abolished party enrollment
and provided for the printing of the
list of candidates of all parties on a
single ballot, instead of having a sep-
arate ballot for each party, as here-
tofore. The names of the candidates
for the several offices for which party
candidates are to be selected at the
primary election are printed on the
ballot under separate party headings,
with the name of the party with which
they are affiliated appearing at the
head of the column. A properly mark-
ed ballot will have a cross placed in
the circle at the head of the ticket in
the column indicating the party with
which the voter is affiliated, and a
cross in the circle before the name of
each candidate in the same column
for which the voter desires to cast his
ballot. The number of persons voted
for in this column must not exceed the
indicated number of candidates to be
nominated for the several offices, else
the vote for those candidates will be
void, and there ,must be no attempt to

.f’ 9??”

TH E’. Mien 1 Gran E‘A‘RTME‘EKT‘

county or state reward road.

vote for candidates in more than one
party column or the entire ballot will
be thrown out in making the canvas
of the vote. While the ballot will be
comparativelylarge, its proper prep-
aration will be simple, as above indi-
cated. The important things to re-
member are that it is impossible to
vote for candidates in more than one
party without voiding the ballot and
that there must be a cross placed in
the circle before the name of each
candidate for Whom the elector de-
sires to vote.

At this primary election party can-
didates will be selected for the offices
of Governor, . Lieutenant-Governor,
Representative in Congress, State Sen-
ator, Representative in the State Leg-
islature, and for the various county
offices. There will also be chosen del-
egates to the various party county
conventions to be called later for the
purpose of selecting delegates to the
state convention to be held for the
purpose of nominating candidates for
state offices other than those of Gov-
ernor and Lieutenant-Governor.

Attendance of this primary election
to be held on Tuesday next for the
selection of candidates for, important
state and county oflices is a duty in-
cumbent upon every citizen, and we
trust that every voting member of the
Michigan Farmer family will be
among those who discharge this duty
of citizenship, even though it may en-
tail a measure of personal sacrifice.

As the situation be-
comes clarified, pessi-
mistic prophesies with
regard to the business
outlook for the United States are sel-
dom heard, while the possibilities of
the development of an important for-
eign trade with South American coun-
tries are a more frequent subject of
conversation. It is generally agreed
by students of the problem that such
a development will be of lasting ben-
efit to this country, and it is practidal.
ly certain that the exigencies of the
present situation will prove an influ-
ential factor in the building up of our
merchant marine. While it is true
that the prices of some commodities
will be at least temporarily affected
by the European war, the prompt ac-
tion of the government in starting a.
general price probe will be a. practical
guaranty that consumers will not be
generally exploited by greedy specu-
lators, and the legitimate advances in
staple foodstuffs will be a benefit to

Business and
the War.

the farmers of the United States by

tending to sustain values at a point
which will leave them a reasonable
profit at a time when abnormal pro-
duction in some lines threatened to
bring on a general slump in values for
staple agricultural products.

While this war is indeed a most re-
grettable development of the strained
political conditions in Europe, and
while the economic loss which it will
bring to. the world is bound to be tre-
mendous, there is no reason to be-
lieve that any considerable proportion
of that loss must be borne by the peo-
ple of the United States, and there
would seem to be a practical certainty
that none of it will be necessarily en~
tailed upon the farmers of Michigan.

In a day’s ride through

More Efficient the country by automo‘
Road Work. bile the traveler can-
not but be impressed

with the apparent fact that more effi-
cient road work is being done than
was the case under the old plan. Con-
siderable work was done in almost
every locality early in the spring in
grading up the dirt roads and improv-
ing drainage conditions where the
spring freshets demonstrated such im-
provements to be needed. Now, with
the harvest still uncompleted and
threshing the order of the day in
most communities, one will find grav-
eling being done at some point in al-
most every township and in a ride of
any considerable length one is almost
cure to find considerable stretches of
freshly graveled road, other _ than

‘ .

eff--1
‘4:

mm

It is
also pleasing to note that holes are
being filled with gravel to keep roads
previously graveled in g00d condition
and everywhere there is evidence of
more systematic and intelligent direc-
tion or road repair work than was for-
merly the case.

This condition, which we believe to
be fairly general over the state, is a.
strong argument in favor of the cash
tax for road improvement and repair
work as compared with the old labor
tax formerly in vogue. Apparently
the work is more efliciently done, and
certainly it is done more seasonably.
Nor is it a hardship to the taxpayers
when, as is ordinarily the case, they
have an opportunity to employ men
and teams in the work if they so de-
sire when it is being done. Efficiency
in road work in the maintenande of
the great mileage of common earth
roads which cannot be permanently
improved by the more expensive
methods which are employed in build-
ing county or state reward roads will
do more than any other one thing to-
ward stimulating a general public
sentiment for permanent road im~

'provement, and will at the same time

prove a greater immediate benefit to
more farmers than will the excellent
Work in permanent road building
which is being carried on in many
counties of the state.

A well known and
notably successful
farmer living in a
central Michigan county was recently
heard to remarkpthat there were two
events which every farmer ought to
attend, and which he made it a point
never to miss. The two designated
events were the State Fair and the
State Round-up Institute. The rea-
sons given were that at the State
Fair the farmer had an opportunity to
study the latest developments in farm
machinery, types of live stock, varie-
ties of products, etc., while at the
Round-up Institute he could hear dis-
cussed the latest methods of accom‘
plishing profitable results in any de‘
partment of farm work. i

This was good logic, and may well.
be made the subject of thought by ev-
ery Michigan Farmer reader. There
is no doubt about the agricultural fair
being a valuable educational medium,
which it will pay every farmer to pat-
ronize, and as the State Fair is at the
head of the list in the educational op-
portunities which it offers its patrons,
there is an even better reason for at-
tending it than for attending the local
and district fairs which are quite gen.
erally awarded the support which they
merit. But farm people want, like
other people, to be entertained as well
as educated, and here, too, the State
Fair will be found to be strong". A
study of the announcement made in
another column of this issue will con-
vince any reader of this fact. If Mich-
igan farmers generally will follow
out the advice given by the successful
farmer above referred to, the enter-
tainment features enjoyed will in
themselves pay'him for the time and
trouble of attending, while the educa-
tional influence exerted through a
general attendance of the State Fair
at Detroit, Sept. 7-18, would promise
much of benefit for the future of
Michigan’s agriculture.
A good way to de-
velop the farm
boy‘into a good
business man is
to give him a chance to do a little
business on his own account, and if
that chance is in the way of an eco-
nomic saving, all the better. Let us
illustrate this idea by a concrete ex-
ample. In a drive of a few miles
through almost any section of lower
Michigan one sees thrifty patches of
sweet clover growing by the' roadside.
This plant, which has so long been
considered a weed by the average
farmer, has come to have an economic
place in our agriculture. At, least,
many farmers are of that opinion and
are either experimenting by sowing

The State Fair.

Pocket Money for
the Farm Boy.

. .

 

: «r‘sw .. - '7’ ’ g .‘ *’”" '. ~ f \,'.,..., w‘i "

 

some of the seed in their fields or are
planning on doing so in the'near fu-
ture. This fact has created such a
demand for the seed of this plant that
the price of the seed on the open man
ket is about twice that of clover or
alfalfa seed. Right here is a chance
for the farm boy to make some pocket
money from a source which would in-
sure an economic saving to the com‘
munity. This is but one of many ex-
amples which might be cited as an
encouragement to the farm boy who
is always in need of pocket money.
Others .will suggest themselves to
him once he begins to think along
this line. His parents, too, should in.
terest themselves in directing his en-
ergies to some account along economu
ic lines. Some effort expended in this
direction will make him a better citi-
zen and a better business man when
he has grown up.

HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.

 

Foreign.

European Wan—News from the war
zone is not very enlightening; how
ever, it appears that large armies of
German troops, and the allied forces
of Belgium, France and England are
moving toward each other along the
German frontier and in Belgium. In
spite of the reverses the Kaiser’s sol-
diers met at Liege, the forts of which
place have not as yet been taken, due
to the stubbornness of the Belgian
troops, a slow advance is being made
toward Brussels and the old battle-
field of Waterloo. It is anticipated
that a general engagement will soon
take place, since the allied forces are
moving toward the frontier between
Waterloo and Namur, a point on the
Meuse river. In the Vosges mountains
on the border between France and
Germany near Switzerland the French
seem to have met with success and
are reported to now hold every pass
through the ridge. They have also
pressed into Alsace-Loraine where
they threaten Mulhausen and Strass-
burg. 0n the east of Germany, Rus-
sia is getting her forces in action and
the early invasions by German 801-
diers is being offset somewhat by
their slowly falling back before the
advance of the Czar’s regiments. Aus-
tria has also been invaded by Russia
and the meager news indicates that
the Austrians were defeated in an en.
gagement on their own soil. The Ser-
vians are also successfully defending
their frontier against Austria, due to
the withdrawal of Austrian forces to
help Germany along the French bor-
der and to stop the advance of the
Russians in the northwestern prov-
inces. No naval battles of import-
ance have been reported, but it is
hinted that the German fleet is bottled
up about the peninsula of Jutland and
that the Austrian fleet was assemb-
ling in the Adriatic Sea for a conflict
with the British Mediteranean war-
ships. Japan has sent an ultimatum
to Germany to withdraw or dismantle
her warships in the far east, as they
are a menace to commerce and the
rights of England, Japan’s ally,
through a treaty signed in 1911, are
threatened. Germany is given a week
to reply to Japan and it is declared
that the Nippon government is ready
to strike should the Kaiser’s answer
prove unsatisfactory. Italy’s refusal
to allow Austrian troops to pass over
her soil is straining relations between
the two countries and there is likeli-
hood that the former country may still
be drawn into the conflict despite her
repeated declaration of neutrality. In
all there has been nothing given to
the outside world that would indicate
the probable strength of the contend-
ing forces and the incidents that have
thus far come to us are merely the
preliminaries to what promises to be
the bloodiest war of history.

The constitutionalists of Mexico
have finally entered Mexico City and
early this week Chief Carranza, their
leader, arrived from Tlalnapantla. The
new government will be established
immediately. Fighting is not over,
but it is generally understood that the
small bands of federal troops, one of
which is located at Guadelupe, will
not be able to hold out long against
the well organized forces under Gen.
Villa.

National.

The call from South America for
goods to substitute for those usually
imported from Europe, has set manu—
facturers and exporters of this coun-
try busy making arrangements with
concerns of Latin America to use Am~
erican goods. , “

Vesselmen' of the Great Lakes are
now being looked to to aid in man-
ning the United States merchant ma-
rine to be fitted out ,forthe carrying

of goods to and from this country

during hostilities in Europe.

  

 

”'"AUG'. .22, 1914.

 

 

 

 

 

 

m- .....V

 

. .. .Fa—gml. — ,...“

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Magazine Sction

LITERATURE
POETRY
HISTORY an?
IN FORMATION

 

 

Q

 

‘17:: FARM BOY
an? GIRL
SCIENTIFIC an?
MECHANICAL

 

 

 

 

This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week. Every article is wrlttten especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere

 

Among TheWonders of Tropical Ceylon.

By ALFRED VIVIAN.

O awaken in the morning in the
harbor at Colombo, Ceylon, and
have the eye greeted by a view
of this intensely green island, after
the journey across the Indian Ocean,

’ is but another of the many surprises

being continually encountered by the
traveler around the world. All through
the Suez Canal the eye is wearied by
miles of trackless desert sand stretch—
ing away on either side. In the Gulf
of Suez, land is always in sight, but
it consists of brown and gray hills
devoid of vegetation. Through the
Red Sea the ship passes numbers of
islands and again at Aden comes to
anchor near the shore for the last
time before‘passing into the eastern
ocean. Everywhere it has been the
same rainless climate, with treeless,
grassless hills, parched by the intense
sunlight which beats down with
scorching power on what someone has
called the “Red Hot Sea.’ Such is the,
last memory of the land—~and this
morning behold here is Ceylon where
vegetation runs riot, and where plain
and mountain-side are clothed in ver-
dure, which for greenness is equaled
in few other places in the world! Is
it any wonder that all travelers agree
that the one thing which stands out
in their memories regarding Ceylon is
the brilliant green coloring of the
whole island?

Looking at the map, Ceylon appears
as a pear-shaped island hanging like
a pendant from the point of the In-
dian Peninsula. It has a total area
of about 25,000 square miles. Lying
near the Equator the temperature is
very high on the coast levels, but as
the mountains of the interior rise to
some 8,000 feet it has a considerable
range of temperature. “The rain it
raineth every day” in Ceylon, as
Shakespeare would say—the annual
rainfall amounting to from ninety to
over one hundred inches. As the at-
mosphere is constantly reeking with
moisture the high temperature of the
lowlands is almost unbearable to the
stranger, and even the white man who
has resided for years in the island, is
compelled occasionally to “take to the
hills” in self preservation. There are
no seasons in Ceylon; all the year
round it is hot, humid, growing weath-
er, with neither change of scene nor
temperature; always beautiful, gener-
ally enervating it is as one man ex-
pressed it, “simply a case of too much
of a, good thing.”

At Colombo, the passengers are
landed at a pier which leads directly
into the principal street of the city
instead of passing through blocks of
dirty wharves and storehouses, as is
so often the case in seaports. Here

is encountered for the first time the

jinrickisha as a method of transporta-
tion, and these conveyances propelled
by scantily clothed coolies are hurry-
ing to and fro in every direction. Like
other seaport towns, Colombo has a
cosmopolitan population, none of
which are so interesting as the Singa-
lese themselves.

Perhaps there is nothing that
strikes the stranger from the west as
being more extraordinary than the pe-

culiar custom which requires the men

to wear long hair twisted into a coil
at the back of the head, and a horse-
shoe shaped tortoise shell comb at the

top, While the women remain inno-
cent of this form of adornment. It is
said that One of the great ambitions
of the men of the humbler classes is
to possess a c0mb of the finest luster
and quality, while many mark their
higher social position by an additional

 

by thousands at dawn to spend the
day in foraging. They are seen in
every place where food, good or bad,
is found, and unlike the American
species, are devoid of all timidity.
For impudence and daring they are
unrivaled among birds. The hotels

 

 

Harvesting the Tea Crop on the Island of Ceylon.

comb which rises to a considerable
hight above this glossy coil of hair.
No one speaking of Colombo can
forego saying a word about the crows
for which the city is famous. They
have their sleeping quarters on a
small island near the shore which
has come to be known as Crow Island.
From here they swarm into the city

post notices warning guests to leave
no buttons, rings nor other jewelry,
upon the stands or dressers, as they
are likely to be carried away by the
crows which flit back and forth
through thescreenless windows. It is
said that the crow will even appear
at the dining-table and fly off with the
choicest morsel on it; he will swoop

down and take the food from the
child’s hand uninvited, and is so quick
in his movements that he will catch
any food thrown from the window be-
fore it can reach the ground. But he
is protected because of his usefulness
as a scavenger, a vocation which, be-
ing a dirty feeder, he prosecutes to
the advantage of the whole ocmmunity.

Ceylon has been called a “Paradise
of Palms, Pearls and Perfumery.” The
tropical heat and humidity make pos-
sible the luxuriant growth of palms
and ferns which abound all over the
island, as well as the spices and fruits
for which it is famous. The trip to
Kandy with its wonderful mountain
scenery, and a visit to the splendid
botanical garden at Peradeniya, make
it possible to see in the shortest time
most of the important agricultural
plants of the island. In the lower
reaches of the mountains are seen the
terraced rice fields carried well up
the sides of the hills. The rice field
must be covered with water for the
greater part of the growing season,
and wherever a stream is found in
these mountains the ground is leveled
and terraced, at great expenditure of
labor, so that the whole hillside ap-
pears as a series of steps varying in
width according to the contour of the
ground. Where rice can be grown it
seems to be preferred to any other
crop.

One of the first things noticed in
Ceylon is the large number and great
distribution of the cocoanut palm, but
it is said not to be indigenous, and
the natives have a saying to the effect
that a cocoanut tree will not flourish
away from the sound of the human
voice. The coacoanut is the chief
source of the Singalese wealth. As it
depends upon man for existence, and
if left to nature pines and dies, it fol-
lows that wherever the cocoanut palm
is seen there is population. It is the
national tree, the friend of the native
and its uses to him are infinite.

With the trunk of the tree he builds
his hut and his bullock—stall, which he
thatches with its leaves. His bolts
and bars are slips of the bark, by
which he also suspends the small
shelf which holds his stock of home-
made utensils and vessels. He fences
his little plot of chillies, tobacco and
fine grain, with the leaf stalk. The
infant is swung to sleep in a rude net
of coir-string made from the husk of
the fruit; its meal of rice and scraped
cocoanut is boiled over a fire of co-
coanut shells and husks, and is eaten
off a dish formed of the plaited green
leaves of the tree with a spoon cut
out of the nut-shell. When he goes
fishing by torch-light his net is of
cocoanut fiber, the torch of chule is a.
bundle of dried cocoanut leaves and
flowerstalks; the little canot is the
trunk of the cocoanut palm tree, hol-
lowed by his own hands. He carries
home his net and string of fish on a
yoke, or pingo, formed of a cocoanut
stalk. When he is thirsty, he drinks
of the fresh juice of. the young nut;
when he is hungry, he eats its soft
kernel. If he has a mind to be mer-
ry, he sips a glass of arrack, distilled
from the fermented juice, and he fla-
vors his curry with vinegar made from
this toddy. Should he be sick, his
body will be rubbed with cocoanut oil;

 


  

. 146—10

he sweetens his coffee with jaggery
or .cocanut sugar, and softens it with
cocoanut milk; it is sipped by the
light of a lamp constructed from a
cocoanut shell and fed by cocoanut
oil. 'His doors, his windows, his
shelves, his chairs, the water gutter
under the eaves, are all made from
the wood of the tree. His spoons, his
forks, his basins, his mugs, his salt-
cellars, his jars, his child’s money-
» box, are all constructed from the shell
of the nut. Over his couch when born,
and over his grave when buried, a
bunch of cocoanut blossom is hung to
charm away evil spirits.

The marvelous bounty of the cocoa-
nut palm thus furnishes the natives
practically all they need and has been
gracefully summarized by the poet as
“Clothing, meat, trencher, drink, and
Boat, Eagle, sail, mast, needle, all in

one.” .
Sometimes the cocoanuts are sacri-

ficed in order to produce a drink much
in favor with the native, called “tod-
dy.” This is obtained by bruising the
flower bud repeatedly for several days
and then cutting off the end, when a
sweet sap exudes from the cut, which
is caught in a small gourd and collect-
ed day by day. When fresh the drink
is harmless but it ferments very rap-
idly and when old produces an intox-
ication worse than that due to Ameri-
can hard cider. Much of the toddy is
distilled to obtain a sort of brandy
which is called arrack. The extent
to which this industry is carried on
is shown by the fact that the revenue
from arrack and toddy licenses
amounts to $1,500,000 annually.

One of the peculiar trees of Ceylon
is the Jak, which grows the largest of
all edible fruits, and bears' them in
prodigious quantities and in a queer
fashion. The tree throws out huge
pods from the trunk and large
branches and suspends them by short
thick stalks. There are sometimes
seventy or eighty of these fruits upon
one tree, some of them weighing as
much as forty to fifty pounds. They
are pale green in color with a granu-
lar surface. Inside the rough skin is
a soft yellow substance, and imbedded
in this are kernels about the size of
a walnut. This fruit forms an ingredi-
ent of the native curries, but its flavor
is not pleasant to foreigners. The
wood of the tree is very valuable and
is harder than mahogany.

The rubber tree which in America
is known as a small plant with bright
oval leaves, and is seen in sitting
rooms and conservatories, here grows
to an enormous size and throws out
horizontal branches to an extent of
over 50 feet. It is mose remarkable
for its snake-like roots which grow
partly above ground and extend like
huge pythons from the base of the
trunk to a distance greater than the
hight of the tree. The part of the
root which grows above the ground is
flattened and occasionally reaches
such a hight that a man could hide
standing upright behind it. When
wounded tears appear on the surface
which harden into one of the varieties
of the Indian rubber of commerce.
The tree most commonly grown for
rubber, however, is a different species
and in no way resembles this tree in
appearance, but was introduced from
tropical America, and at the present
time large tracts of land in Ceylon
are devoted to its culture.

Another tree scarcely less useful to
the native than the cocoanut is the
Talipot palm. This tree produces im-
mense fan-shaped leaves which often
have a radius of 15 feet, giving a sur-'
face of about 350 square feet. The
uses to which the leaves are put are
said by the native to be eight hun‘
dred and one, the chief being for the
manufacture of raincloaks and sun-
shades. Three or four of these leaves
will make a tent, and a section of one
forms the umbrella of the omnipres-
ent Buddhist priest. The thin parts
of the leaf between the ribs are boil-
ed and dried when they become the
paper .or, parchment of the Singalese.

 

Wei» _ v" .- q,

T E E M": 6 HIGA

In the Temple of the Tooth at Kandy
(where Buddha’s tooth is supposed to
be), and in many other places, may
be seen whole books written on this
peculiar paper. Manuscripts may be
seen which are over one thousand
years old and are‘yet in perfect con-
dition, with the characters so clear
that it is impossible to realize their
age. These books are written by
scratching the surface of the leaf with
a steel stylus and then rubbing black
ink into the scratch. These magnifi-
cent trees send their stems for more
than one hundred feet straight up into
the air, the trunk being encircled with
closely set ringmarks showing where
it has borne and shed its leaves from
year to year. When the Talipot
reaches maturity it develops a huge
bud about four feet in hight and this
bud bursts open with a report and
unfolds a large pyramid of white or
cream-colored blossoms which rise to
a hight of twenty feet above the
crown of the tree. The. tree reaches
this stage in about sixty years and af-
ter maturing the one crop of seeds it
begins to droop, its leaves Wither and
within a year it is dead.

The great variety and beauty of the
bamboos found on the island are a
never ending source of pleasure. Most
striking among these is the Giant
Bamboo which grows to a hight of at
least 120 feet and is nine or ten inch-
es in diameter. It is hard to realize
that these plants are really grasses
and are closely related botanically to
the common grasses of our own coun-
try. The culms appear in June or
July and grow at the rate of more
than a foot a day—they can almost be
seen to grow. In Colombo we noticed
that all scaffolding for buildings was
made of bamboo and the general use-
fulness of these plants makes them
rank well with the trees above de.
scribed.

In one corner of the Peradeniya
Gardens Were seen hundreds of so-
called “flying squirrels” hanging to
the upper branches or the tall trees.
These animals are really large bats,

    

_,.... ‘s firs-urn“
N E4 R M E R ,
and IiVe largely .upon seeds, especially
of the banyan tree. By day they hang
suspended from the branches of the
trees and at night unhook themlseves
and make a great commotion on their
foraging expeditions. Their bodies are
as large as rabbits and their “wings”
often measure four feet from tip to
tip.

To most people, Ceylon suggests
tea and rightly so, for the tea plant is
an even greater source of income to
the island than the coacoanut palm.
The tea plantations now cover thou-
sands of acres and are largely on the
mountain sides at elevations varying
from 1,600 to 7,000 feet. No scene on
the whole island is more interesting
than the thousands of pickers at work
in these plantations. Here the plant
grows the year around and the planta-
tions must be picked over once a
week, for only the bud and the two
leaves next to it are usable if a good
quality of tea is to be produced. On
Some estates producing lower grade
tea, two more leaves are plucked. The
difference in quality of the brands of
tea depends upon the size of the
leaves—the smaller they are the finer
the flavor of the tea—for only one va.
riety of tea plant is grown here. Tea
culture is by far the most scientificall-
ly conducted kind of agriculture of
this country and a description of the
cultivation of the plant and the prep-
aration of the leaf for market would
make an interesting story by itself.

A host of other plants are found
here, each with its fascination for the
student of agriculture. We have seen
nutmegs, allspice and cloves, cinna-
mon and cassia, as well as bananas
and the sage palm. Comphor trees
grow in abundance and the beautiful
orchids are a source of delight. At the
same time it is well to have an eye
open for surprises in the form of scor-
pions and cobras which may appear
anywhere, for even the private gar-
dens of this delightful island (thought
by some to have been the site of the
Garden of Eden) are not always ex-
empt from these enemies of minkind.

HilllllHllH”H!HHI”HHIHHIIIHall![HlHIHHHHIHIIHHHHIIIHIHlllllHillNillUllIt!!!ll!”HHHHHHHHEMIHHIlHlllHHHlllHI!I!HHNHHHHHHIIHHHH[HIHHHIHIHHHHHIHIIHHNHIH?”HIIHHIIHHHHHIHHIIIHHIHIII

By

 

Radiant Rory JANET THOMAS VAN OSDEL.

HEN Mrs. Dean’s baby girl

was laid in her arms, the

mother closed her eyes on the
dreary, poverty-stricken room while
she held against her heart the warm,
little body in a transport of joy and
gratitude. Already she was planning
how the little daughter would fill her
life and take the place of the husband
who had died six months before. She
named the child Aurora because her
coming meant the dawn of a new day.
But before little Aurora was a year
old, Mrs. Dean was called to join her
young husband and the baby was left
without a living relative.

Brighton is the kind of town where
every family seems to have plenty of
babies of its own. Nobody wanted
Aurora and so she was taken to the
State Home for Orphans where for
ten years she lived with fifty other
unwanted little boys and girls. Noth-
ing in particular happened to Aurora
during those ten years. She played
with dozens of children all dressed in
checked gingham aprons like herself.
Her hair was clipped and her name
was shortened to Rory. Rory herself
was the chief disturber of the monoto~
ny of the Home. Many a day did she
enliven for the other children by met-
ing out punishment to those who slyly
called her red-head and freckle-face.

Then one bright June day a visitor
called at the Home. Rory was sum-
moned and presented to Mrs. Spear.
Instead of smiling winningly and mak-
ing the correct little curtesy expected
of Home children, Rory scowled dark-
ly, hung her head and mumbled some-
thing, nobody knew what.

“Ugly!” commented Mrs. Spear.

Of course Mrs. Spear couldn’t know
that Rory had been called in'just as
she. was. about .to punch Jimmy. Sands?

face for calling her a red-head and
that Rory was so aggrieved at her
lost opportunity that she couldn’t act
pleasant. And Rory did not think of
Mrs. Spear’s word “ugly” as applying
to her manners, but rather to that
most sensitive of all points with Rory
—her looks. She was an utterly mis-
erable little girl until supper was serv-
ed. The jam that Mrs. Spear had
brought the children was a rare treat
and when Rory got up from the sup-
per table she was sweet and sticky
and happy. It was just after supper
that she was again called into the
parlor and presented to Mrs. Horn-
berger. This time Rory made the ex-
pected curtesy, offered a small hand
somewhat sticky between the fingers,
and said sweetly, “I hope you are in
good health, ma’am.”

“I guess she’ll do as well as anoth-
er. Looks fairly strong,” said Mrs.
Hornberger.

Thus it was that Rory went to live
with Mrs. Hornberger and her seven
children. There was always more
work to be done, with little play, and
a deal of teasing on the part of the
little Hornbergers. All of this com-
bined to make Rory sharp of tongue
when she wasn’t sullen. At fourteen
she had not a friend in the world and
the only person for whom she cared
was little, crippled Christine Horn-
berger.

It was on a day as dark as Rory’s
own mood that the girl started out for
town to buy the butter that Mrs.
Hornberger had forgotten to order.
She was so tired after scrubbing and
sweeping that she little felt like walk-
ing the mile. That morning Adolph
had told her that a penny wouldn’t
cover one of her smallest freckles
and her-yellow-spotted mirror had as-

v)“;- a

*3 .Q. is
AUG.. 22, 191‘.

sured her that, even though Adolph
did exaggerate she was undoubtedly
fearfully homely. With such unpleas-
ant .thoughts she stumbled along.
heedless as to where she was going
until she was arrested by a any. young
voice saying, “You’re not going to
run over me really, are you my
dear?”

Rory looked up straight into the
bluest of blue eyes With little golden
tendrils of hair blowing into them.
The eyes were smiling at her and so
was the small, red mouth. Slowly the
scowl vanished from Rory’s face and
she smiled back. The effect was so
startling that Margaret Sercomb cried
out in delight.

“Why, how beautiful your smile is!”
she said. “Just now it seemed like a
flash of sunlight. My dear, that smile
should be used to brighten everything
about you.”

Rory stood silent with amazement,
looking after the older girl as she
passed on her way. Something about
her had been called beautiful. As she
watched, Rory saw that everyone who
met Margaret Sercomb had a smile
for her. What if people would smile
at her like that! Stirred by this new
longing she turned and followed Mar-
garet until she entered her home.
The door had scarcely closed upon her
when Rory’s hand was on the bell.
Margaret herself opened the door.

“What makes everybody smile at
you?” blurted out Rory.

For answer Margaret drew Rory in-
to the room and placed a mirror in
her hand. Rory met so fierce a frown
in the reflected face that she drew
back.

“Now smile,” commanded Margaret.

Rory affected a smile. When she
saw the difference it made she smiled
with real joy and the transformation
was such as to make her lay down
the mirror, flushed with delight.

“I—I didn’t have any idea,” she
stammered.

“People’s faces are something like
the mirror,” said Margaret Sercomb.
“You scowl into them and they give
you back the scowl, but smile at them
and they return the smile with in-
terest.”

It was not until she was at home
again and Mrs. Hornberger asked for
the butter that Rory recalled the er-
rand upon which she had been sent.

“And here’s supper to be ready in
a little more than an hour and no
butter! Company, too! Whatever
can you be thinking about?” groaned
Mrs. Hornberger.

Rory’s face puckered into the fa-
miliar frown and her lips took on the
sullen droop they wore when things
went wrong. Then she remembered.
Her smile flashed out at the angry
woman, whose anger changed to
amazement as Rory said in a voice
sweet enough to match the smile:

“I’m so sorry, Mrs. Hornberger. I
stopped at Miss Margaret Sercomb’s
to ask her something and that drove
it out of my mind. But I’ll go after ‘it
now. I'll run nearly every step of the
way and I'll get back in plenty of
time for supper."

“Land, child, I wish you would! You
shouldn’t be so careless, but sir ce you
have been you can’t do any m01e than
try to make it up.”

“And thank you for not scolding
me, Mrs. Hornberger," Rory called
back as she hurried down the walk.

“Thanks me for not 54 )lding her!
Gracious, what's got int.) the girl?
And to rush of like that to make up
for an errand she’s_forgotten. If only
Rory could keep this up instead of
her old, sulky ways, she’d be real
livable."

The next surprise from Rory came
the following morning when Adolph
and Amos began to tease her. This
was a part of the daily program. In-_
variably it had led to a fiery exhibi-
tion of temper on Rory’s part, follow-
ed by hours of sullenness.

“A red-headed churl -

A freckle-faced girl

Is Rory, begorry!” .,
sang :outAmosgaszor! “Started to:

- 4.:

  
  

 
 
 

,1 ..
+

 

 


 

AUG. 22, 1914.‘

clear away the breakfast dishes.

Rory winced. Then the miracle hap-
pened. She turned and smiled at
Amos. When she saw Amos' surpris-
ed face she laughed, and finding it
easy to laugh she kept it up until
Amos and Adolph joined in and peal
after peal of laughter rang out from
the dining-room.

“What are you laughing at? Is it
my poetry?” demanded Amos suspi-
ciously, at last.

“I don’t know. I guess so,” gasped
Rory. _

“Well, I don’t really mean you’re a
churl, you know. You couldn’t be
since you can laugh like that. But
there wasn’t anything else I could get
to rhyme with girl, so I had to use
it,” said Amos.

“There’s pearl,” suggested Adolph.

“That’s so,” admitted Amos, grudg-
ingly.

“I’ll fix it up right,” said Adolph.

“An exquisite pearl,
A beautiful girl,
Is Rory, our Rory!”

The word beautiful applied to her
again! What if it was only in boyish
fun! She managed to flash another
smile at Adolph and say, “Thank you,
Adolph,” before she escaped with tear-
blinded eyes to her little room.

Each victory won made the follow-
ing battle easier. Occasionally Rory
was caught unaware but the thought
of the transformed face in the mirror
was sufficient incentive to keep her
steadily advancing. And soon she
found a new motive in the conflict—a
motive that thrilled her with joy. She
was making other people smile hap~
pily. From Mrs. Hornberger down to
Baby Christine the people at home re-
flected her brightness. At school the
girls were beginning to cluster about
her just as they drew to the sunny
window on a chilly day.

It was two years after that critical
morning when she had first met Mar-
garet Sercomb that Rory one day per-
suaded Mrs. Hornberger to go away
for a two-days’ visit and rest with her

THE M IC‘IIIGMANV 15'A’R M E’ R

sister. To console the children for
the absence of their mother she prom-
ised to take them on a picnic in the
woods. Moreover, each child was giv-
en permission to invite a friend to the
picnic. So there was a scurrying of
big and little Hornbergers all through
the neighborhood while Rory did up
the lunch, with plenty of sandwiches,
so that even the hungriest boy could
have still another after he had had
enough, and pickles, generous slices
of two kinds of cake, juicy peaches
and plums, and lemons for lemonade.

It was a glorious picnic, one to be
forever remembered. The best part
of all came in the last mad frolic of
the day. The children had made Rory
their queen. They had unbraided her
brilliant hair which fell in shining
waves to the hem of her green dress.
Upon her head they had placed a
crown of glossy, green leaves. A green
willow branch was her sceptre. As
the children danced about her and did
obeisance before her, Rory laughed at
their antics until all were in a riot f
merriment. It was at the height of
the fun that a young man strolling
through the woods stopped to watch
the party, gave a gasp of amazement
as his gaze fell upon Rory, and then
approached, hat in hand.

“Pardon me,” he said, addressing
Rory, “But aren’t you the young lady
that is nown about here as ‘Radiant
Rory?’ ”

“My name is Rory—~Aurora, really,
but'everybody calls me Rory.
other part of the name I never heard
applied to me,” answered Rory pleas-
antly.

“Well, if your name is Rory then
you’re ‘Radiant'Rory’ all right! Gee!
They told me you had a head of flame
and a smile that would put your
namesake to shame, but I didn’t ex-
pect this!”

“I know I’m disappointing,” said
Rory, humbly. “But I’m just natural-
1y homely and I’m trying to make the
best of it.”

“The best of it!” The young man

The’.

was convulsed with mirth. “Excuse
me for laughing,” he said when he
could speak. “But you’ve made the
very best job of it I’ve ever seen.

Maxie told the truth. You’re—no,
you’re not either. I was going to say
you’re beautiful. You’re not that.

You’re more. You’re a wonderful, ra-
diant being, a thing of flame and light
and warmth. It’s not on the surface

alone. It comes from the inside.
Why, what is it? Girl, what is the
matter?” For Rory had thrown her-

self upon a hillock.and was weeping
as though her heart would break.

“It’s—it’s so wonderful to be called
all those things when one has tried so
all one’s life just to bear being home-
ly,” gasped Rory between her sobs.

“Say, I want to tell you something,”
said the man. “I came clear across
the continent to find you. Heard of
you ’way off there. Maxie spent a
few days last month at the hotel up
here on the lake and he saw you and
heard all about you. He spotted you
as the one girl in the world that
would do for the central figure in my
new painting. I’m an artist, you know.
Got a big commission now. And you,
in that green dress with the crown
on your head and that flaming mass
of hair, are just What I’ve got to get
into that picture. I want to ask your
mother if she’ll let me, and I’ve
brought along my mother so that ev-
erything will be ship-shape. Can we
call on your mother very soon?”

“I haven’t any mother,” replied
Rory. “I’m an orphan and live with
Mrs. Hornberger to help her with the
work.”

“Say, you never mean it! Would
you hate to leave Mrs. Hornberger?
0, say, just wait! I’m going home to
have a talk with my mother and then
we’ll be over to see you tonight.”

True to his promise, Dick Maynard
and his mother called on Rory and
Mrs. Hornberger that evening, and be-
fore they left they had the promise
that Rory should go back to New
York with them as a companion to

li—m‘i

Mrs. Maynard, and to do her part in
bringing to perfection that wonderful
picture, “Tomorrow,” that Richard
Maynard had under way.

“It’ll be best for her,” sobbed Mrs.
Hornberger. “You’ll give her an edu-
cation and take her traveling and
make her lot easy, while I’ve had to
make her work awfully hard, but you
won’t love her any more than I do.
And it seems as if the light of this
house will go with her. I can’t tell‘
you how we’ll miss her happy face
and beautiful ways, and so will the
whole town for that matter. It’ll be a
dull place around here without her."

Upstairs, crouched at the window in
her attic room, was Rory, gazing at
the starry heavens as she murmured,
over and over again, “Thank you for
love, dear God.”

 

A PLEASANT MEMORY.

BY H. C. KEGLEY.

The fragrant breath of new-mown hay
Took my thoughts back the other day
To when I was a gawky jay

And owned some goodly flocks.
I farmed an eighty in the dale
Just south of Ezra Meeker’s trail,
And there I cultivated kael

And prunes and Plymouth Rocks.

 

My Poland Chinas there waxed fat,

And paid for my wife’s Easter hat,

And if my small grain all went flat
’Twas harvested two ways.

My ganders crawl-stroked in the creek,

My Jersey cows grew plump and sleek,

I laid my corn by once each week.
Ah “them was happy days!”

But, like a lot of other folks,

I gave my yens to oily “blokes”

For patent rights and cowless pokes,
And then my woe began.

I wish I had not moved away.

While farming I was called a jay,

But you can bet a ton of hay
I was a happy man!

. The reason why men succeed who
mind their own business is because
there is so little competition—Craw-
for .

I hope that your hearts will never
get so dry and hard that they will not
beat responsive to noble deeds, even
if they are not exactly prudent~
Munger.

   

MICHIGAN STATE FAIR!

 

DETROIT, SEPT. 7-18
Two WONDERFUL WEEKS—$150,000 in Premiums and Prizes

 

   
   
   
  
   
  
  
    
 
   
  
   

of his great factory at grounds.

Boys’ state fair school.

te rest.

 

Million dollar stock show, Michigan’s best on exhibition.
25 per cent greater than at any past fair.

Building an auto in ten minutes.

Only flock of Persian fur sheep in America.
mals shown here for the first time.

Michigan apple show, noted speakers,
fruit exhibits, noted speakers and many, many other things of in-

EDUCATIONAL FEATURES

Babies' health contest, an earnest effort to supplement the work
of the national children'3 bureau.

Entries

Henry Ford establishes branch
Will produce 25 cars daily.

These valuable ani-

An application by the fair of the endeavor
to give the boys on the farm the best and latest information.

Milk test and milk show. Cows from the best herds in the United
States meet in a four-day competition.

comprehensive seed and

You’re

SUPERB ATTRACTIONS

The greatest horse racing card that ever was arranged for a Mich.

igan fair. Ten Stake Races.

Daring auto race meet. Louis Disbrow, Eddie Hearne,
Burman, and a dozen other great drivers will compete.

Warships of the air.

World’s noted bands.
and the Ford Motor Company's band

Evening horse show, all the thrilling features of the New York

show rings.

A free program of great circus acts now on tour will be presented
in front of the grand stand twice daily.

Pain's fireworks, stupendous display every evening, showing the

taking of Vera Cruz.

Balloon ascensions, a great Midway, drills by the mounted pollce,
and a hundred other amusement features.

Invited.

Giant air birds, such as are dealing destruc.
tion in Europe, will make daily flights.

The Kilties, just returned from a world tour,

Wild Bob

of 45 pieces.

 

Michigan State Fair, Detroit, Sept. 7-18

 

Write to 501 Bowles Building, Detroit, for premium listsand other information. '

 


 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

LSEWHERE in this department

I have been taken to task by a

reader who accuses me of over
elimination of work in the household.
Reading between the lines, I think I
see a tired mother who thinks.

“Oh, it is easy enough for someone
to sit in an office and write that sort
of stuff. But what does she know
about it? She never had to get into
a kitchen and cook and dig and take
care of a crying baby, etc., etc.”

Wrong, because she did, and does,
although the crying baby is now past
the teething stage. And it is because
I went through the grind and made
the mistake of trying to do it all that
I am now advising other women to do
less, at least while the children are
little.

“Would you get the dinner and be
ugly, or let father go without dinner
and be sweet?” pertinently inquires
the Writer.

I did get the dinner and was ugly,
a regular virago on especially bad
days, and everybody got dyspepsia as
well as a “dressing out.”

I would, if I had it to do over
again, let father go without or get din-
ner himself, if I could not do it ex-
cept at the expense of strength, temp-
er and nerves. On bad days why
should not the father who can not pay
for help, assist the mother, who is
taxed beyond her strength? Of course,
a husband likes to have a good meal
waiting him, and under normal condi-
tions he is entitled to it. But abnor-
mal conditions arise in every home
when children are small, and it is an
injustice to expect the mother, already
weakened by child-birth, to meet the
conditions unaided.

The average American husband will
do about as he is trained. If the wife
begins by being self—sacrificing and
unselfish and willing to carry more
than half the load she may do so all
her life. If she assumes that she is
the weaker vessel and must be taken
care of, husband takes his cue and
helps her when necessary.

As to factory-made garments. I, too,
had formerly the same idea, that the
writer of the letter holds. 1 could
buy enough percale for two suits for
the small boys, with the money I
would have to pay for one ready-
made. Therefore, I argued, it is
cheaper to sew. Later, I came to
think that the time it took to make
the suits plus the money paid a doc-
tor as the result of overwork, plus the
cost of the percale made home-made
garments more expensive. If a wom-
an has strength and counts her time
nothing, it is cheaper to sew. If she
is delicate and over—worked, a home-
made garment is a luxury.

As to the twelve-year-old girl, why
should the mother need to make ’her
garments, beyond the cutting and fit-
ting? In the long summer vacations
she should be able to do the rest
alone, and she ought even to cut her
own school dresses. My mother fre-
quently tells me she has done all her
own sewing ever since she was ten
years old. While her daughter can-
not make the same proud boast, if
there is ever a granddaughter the sec-
ond generation will revert to type. A
healthy twelve—year-old girl should be
of untold help to her mother. That
more of them are not is a shame to

336m

_ '_

 

313-8113 Her Needs

_ At Home and mew ere

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the mothers and a crime against the
girls.

Far be it from me to advise anyone
to get out of working. A sane amount
of work is the salvation of the race.
But it seems to me that some women
are insane on the subject. The less
fitted they are to work, the more their
conscience or egotism or nerves goads
them on to do. Babies quickly grow
up. Why not slight things while they
are growing, and “keep sweet?”

DEBORAH.

 

LETTER sex-

 

Dear Deborahz—Your articles usu-
ally “hit the spot” with me, but the
last one causes me to make a protest
and I am using a part of my after-
dinner rest hour to make it. You
have said in various ways at various
times that the woman who tries to
do all the sewing for her family
is extremely silly. It is imp0ssible to
buy, ready-made, a dress for a girl of
12 years, that is worth carrying home,
for less than a dollar. The cloth fer
two can be had, good cloth, too, for
that price. Frequently after the ready-
made dress is purchased it fits so lit-
tle that it has to be nearly made over
or if left alone is an eyesore as long
as it lasts. .

For 25 cents I can get the best ap-
ron gingham,‘ suflicient to make a good
generous apron. It would cost me at
least twice that to get one ready-made
and it is my experience that the goods
used in ready-made articles fades
very much worse than goods bought
by the yard.

You say a sweet temper is to be
prized above everything else. Let us
“suppose” a case. I have been doing
my washing, which I am very much
too poor to hire done, and it is time
to get dinner. Baby is teething, and
consequently very cross. I have had
to tend him so much that my washing
isn’t half done. Now, with dinner to
get, and I have no help, because I
can’t afford it, do you think John
would be “sweet tempered” if I just
tended baby and didn’t get dinner? Or
do you think he would rather have a
flustered wife, plus dinner?

I can’t keep good natured and do
all I have to do, so I have to be bad
natured a part of the time. I am not
an angel any more than other women,
and about so much work has got to be
done. It would be lovely if we could
always rest when we got tired, but
resting won’t cook dinner or darn the
socks. And as long as a very large
majority of us are poor I don’t see
how we are going to get out of work-
ing, which is about what your sug~
gestions amount to in the end. And
the work someone else does for us is
never as well done as we would do it,
whether it is factory canned goods or
factory made wearing apparel.

I hope you will print this, and that
some of the other sisters will give us
their opinions—Mrs. F. L. S.

SOME APPETIZING SALMON
DISHES.

 

BY CLAUDIA BETTS.
The woman on the farm, even more
than her city cousin, welcomes the
addition of any way way for the cook-
ing of the convenient canned salmon.
One original way that seems to be a.

\

_. ~ [r % VX
.VVhy Not Let Father Help?

favorite with our own family and our
guests as well, is:

Fried Salmon—Put a generous lump
of butter, or half butter and half lard,
in a frying pan. Remove the bones
from a can of salmon, rinse the can
with cold water and add to the fish.
Add about the same amount of rolled
cracker crumbs or bread crumbs as
you have fish, salt and pepper to taste.
Brown nicely, being careful not to let
it burn. This is very quickly and
easily prepared and is delicious.

Scalloped Salmon—Make a white
sauce by using four tablespoons of
butter and four of flour, two cups of
milk, and salt and pepper to taste.
Place a layer of salmon in a baking

-dish, then a layer of rolled cracker

crumbs and a layer of white sauce.
Repeat until all are used. Bake about
half an hour in a mOderate oven.

.Salmon' Loaf—Use one can salmon,
one-half cup bread crumbs, one table-
spoon 'chopped parsley, three eggs,
four tablespoons melted butter, and
seasoning to taste. Drain off the liq-
uor and remove‘the bones from the
salmon, addthe crumbs, butter, pars-
ley and seasoning, then the yolks of.
eggs and lastly the whites beaten to
a stiff froth. Turn into a buttered
dish and bake half an hour. Serve
with or without a sauce.

SalmOn Cutlets—To make them, re-
move the paper from' a can of salmon,
then place in a kettle of boiling water
and boil 10 ,or 15 minutes. Remove
from can, drain off the oil and flake
the fish. Make a pint of drawn but-
ter sauce, add the flaked fish and
form in the shape of outlets, saute in
hot fat and serve at once, garnished
with parsley. To make the drawn
butter sauce use one-third cup of but-
ter, one-half cup water, three table-
spoons of flour, one-half teaspoon of
salt, a dash of pepper, mix flour, salt
and one-half teaspoon butter and the
water and stir until the sauce boils,
add the rest of the butter in bits, stir-
ring until absorbed.

HOME QUERIES

 

Household Editor:—Will someone
please tell me how to take care of
inlaid linoleum? Can it be varnished?
-—Mrs. M. E. W.

The linoleum should be washed two
or three times a week with a suds
made from some mild soap. It can be
varnished, and this is said by some to
prolong its wearing qualities.

A. C. B.—For dill pickles prepare
the cucumbers in a cold brine as for
sour pickles. Then scald in vinegar,
pack in jars with dill leaves scattered
through, pour the scalding vinegar ov-
er and seal.

Household Editor:—I wish some of
the ladies who take the Michigan
Farmer would please send a recipe
for making watermelon preserves.—
Mrs. G. S. . ,

Cut the rind in half—inch cubes and
soak 48 hours in a weak brine. Drain
ofl brine, rinse in clear water. and
cook in a small quantity of boiling
water until transparent. Then drain
again and cook for 20 minutes in a.
syrup made in the proportion of
three-quarters of a pound of sugar and
a half cup' of water to every pound of
fruit. The preserves are improved by
adding to the syrup a lemon, sliced,
for every pound of melons.

Mrs. H. M. R.—Following are the
recipes you requested:

Sweet Cucumber Pickles—Arrange
one peck of cucumbers in a jar, then‘

sprinkle two cups of salt over them
and cover with boiling water. Let-
stand over night, pour off brine and
place cucumbers in a granite kettle.
Cover with moderate strength vinegar
to which has been added four cups of
sugar and an ounce each of whole
cloves, stick cinnamon, broken in
pieces, and mustard seed. Remove-
from stove and seal the instant the
boiling point is reached.

Sour Cucumber Pickles—Put cu-
cumbers in a cold brine, using one cup
of salt to the peck, and enough cold
water to cover. Pour off brine at the
end of 24 hours, scald and again pour
over the pickles. At the end of an-
other da’y, scald vinegar enough to
cover the pickles with a bit of horse--
radish and three or four peppers.
Scald the pickles in this and seal.

Mrs. W. D., Lowell.—The following
recipe for canning corn will, I be-
lieve, be found quite satisfactory. If
care is taken in cooking the corn the
required time, and if it is put into-
properly sterilized cans and sealed
with perfect tops and rubbers, there
is no reason why it should not keep.
If women the country over would
spend the money they use buying can-
ning compounds in buying new rub-
bers each year and new tops when old
ones become cracked, there would be
no need of any preservative in fruits
and vegetables.

To 13 cups of corn, add a scant cup
of salt and one cup of sugar. Boil
hard for at least 20 minutes, stirring
to keep from burning. Put in glass
cans and seal up like fruit is canned.
Be sure that it boils and boils.

Mrs. F. G., Portland—Your recipe
for sweet pickles was received, and
we thank you for your courtesy in
sending it. We are not using it, how-
ever, as it advises the use of both
alum and saccharin, which substances
have been condemned repeatedly by
government analysts. If care is used
in cooking the pickles, and they are
not allowed to boil, there is no reason
Why they should shrivel if no alum is
put in to harden them.

Household Editorz—Can you give
me some hints about canning plums,
peaches and pears ?—Beginner.

Damson plums, greengages and yel-
lowgages take about one and a half
cups of sugar to the quart of fruit.
Wash the plums carefully, prick each
one two or three times with a sharp
fork and arrange in layers in the ket-
tle with the sugar. Let stand over
night, then in the morning bring slow‘
ly to the boil and let simmer until
tender. Peaches, of course, should be
thinly pared, by pouring scalding wa«
ter over them first and removing the
skins with a sharp- thin-bladed knife.
For every four quarts of fruit allow
two cups of sugar and four of water,
make a syrup of sugar and water, add
the fruit and cook slowly until ten-
der. Seal at once, pouring over the
fruit with which you fill the can,
enough syrup to fill to overflowing.
Pears may be canned as peaches, but
before putting in the syrup cook in
clear water until tender, then simmer
in the syrup for five minutes. Of
course, you must be sure in canning
to have good rubbers and tops. Af-
ter filling the cans and tightening the
cover turn the can up to be sure no
juice can run out.

{lousehold Editor:——Can anyone tell
me how to use olive oil for the hair?
I have heard it will make hair grow
thick. Any information will be ap-
preciated—M. E. B. ‘

 

 


 

. stituted.

v.‘ -.m ~29- \

AUG. 22; 1914. 7

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I

THE, MICHIGAN FARMER

13—149

 

Household Editorz—ln one of your
issues last spring, you published di-
rections for making large black beads.
Having lost the issue, I wonder if
you will be so kind as to repeat the
recipe?——M. R.

Mix one-third of a cup of cornstarch
with water to make thin paste. Put
in the coloring. Now put one cup of
fine table salt, being sure it is very
fine, on the stove in a small pan. Stir
constantly until it gets as hot as pos-
sible without burning. Stir the starch
into the salt well. Now mold, by roll-
ing with hands, into beads the size of
a pea, although other sizes and shapes
are just as pretty. Put a pin through
the center of each bead. A shoe box
cover is a very-good thing to stick
them into to dry. The coloring is
quite an important, feature. Water
colors are the best, but bluing, fruit
coloring and black ink can be sub-
Pure white ones are very
pretty. String them with smaller
beads, steel or gold.

Household Editort—Is there any
way to “do up” muskmelon ?—L. T. .

Muskmelon butter is liked by many.
To make it, pare the melons, scoop
out the seeds, cut in pieces and cook
until tender. Then mash as fine as
possible, add three—fourths pound of
sugar for every pound of pulp, the
juice of two or three lemons, cinna-
mon and nutmeg to taste, and boil,
stirring constantly, until thick.

Household Editor:+How do you
cook the small summer squashes?—
M. H.

Cut small squashes in half, scoop
out the seeds, pare and parboil until
tender. Then drain and fill with a
stuflfing made from one cup of bread-
crumbs moistened with milk, a beat-
en egg, a little minced onion and a
quarter of a cup of grated cheese, if
you are fond of cheese. Season with
salt and pepper and bake until the
squash is tender all the way through.

Household Editorr—Can you tell me
how to rid my pantry of small red
ants?—Mrs. R. N.

Try one teaspoon of tartar emetic

in a saucer of sweetened water. Set
where the ants come, out of reach of
small children.

 

SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.

 

To make a heater of a gas, or gas-
oline plate, take a piece of stove pipe
a foot in length. Cover one end with
a piece of tin—a lard bucket cover
will do—and place the other end over
the flame of the hot plate. This con-
trivance warmed a neighbor’s bath-
room last winter and at the same
time heated water for shaving.

A pound of cheap bar soap dissolv-
ed in a gallon of boiling water and
added to about five gallons of thick
whitewash will give it a gloss like oil
paint. Silicate of soda in the propor-
tion of one to 10 of whitewash pro-
duces a fireproof cement.

Many women can not use powder
without its showing and yet, in sum-
mer their faces look shiny and un-
clean even after most thorough wash-
ing. To one—half pint of rosewater
add three tablespoonfuls of epsom
salts. Let stand until the salts have
dissolved, pour a few drops into the
hollow of the hand, and rub over the
face. Pat until dry. This is a skin
tonic and in no way injurious—L.
M. T.

Those wishing to redress old furni-
ture often find it hard and tedious
work to remove the old varnish. The

slow and tiresome use of sand paper H

may be avoided by mixing a third of
a cup of common baking soda in a

pint of warm water and applying this

with a stiff brush. Then rinse and
allow the surface to dry thoroughly
before applying the new coat.

To remove rust from steel rub
sweet oil well on the rust spots and
in 48 hours use finely powdered, un-
slaked lime and rub until the rust
disappears—L. N.

A lump 'of alum the size of a hen’s
egg in the paste for an ordinary-sized
room will make the ceiling paper
stick—D. L. M.

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ElIIllllllII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllIllllllllllllllllllllll"MINNIE

Our Motto—“The farmer is of more
consequence than the farm, and should
be first improved.”

ANOTHER GALA WEEK.

 

 

Those who remember. the great
“Gala Week” in Adrian, Mich., last
fall will be interested to know that
plans are already under way for a
similar undertaking next fall, but on
a more extensive scale. This event
included a joint celebration by the
Grange of Lenawee county and the
Commercial Club of Adrian, resulting
in a great occasion, which exempli-
fied in a striking way the possibilities
of getting together, city with country.

The same general lines will be fol—
lowed this year as last, but there will
undoubtedly be a larger crowd, a long-
er parade and deeper interest all down
the line. Many will remember the Po-
mona Grange headquarters in the Len~
awee County bank, which was hand-
somely decorated for the occasion,
and where hundreds of Patrons were
made to feel at home. The bank is
already in the field with a brand new
attraction for Gala Week, which will
be held October 7-10 of this year.

The offering made by the Lenawee
County bank in an announcement re-
cently includes $320 in cash prizes for
an agricultural exhibit, which will be
put in display in the bank building
during that week. The liberality of
the prizes offered promises to bring
out one of the finest displays of Len-
awee grown products ever seen 10-
cally.

The entire bank will be given over
to the exhibits on the days mentioned
and the bank will offer the $320 in 64
prizes. No entry fees will be charged.
Exhibits will be restricted to products
grown on Lenawee soil.

The bank will reserve the right in
connection with the exhibit to retain
all products placed on display. These
will be sold at public auction to Gala.
Day visitors for the benefit of the
Associated Charities.

AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.

 

A Good Crowd attended the recent
regular meeting of Belding Grange.
Although the weather was sultry over
30 members were present. A number
of applications for membership were
read. Some discussion was had in
reference to the big union Grange pic-
nic held in Lowell on Wednesday,
August 19, and a committee of three
headed by W. B. Travis, was appoint-
ed to arrange for the appearance in
the parade on that day, of Belding
Grange as a body. Four were initi-
ated into full membership. Mrs. Mark
H. Brown, lecturer, called on M. L.
Howe, who responded with a short
and interesting talk on the wide dis-
crepancy that exists between what the
farmer receives for his products and
what the consumer has to pay. He
thought co-operation would benefit all
parties. Thanks of the Grange were
tendered to Mr. and Mrs. Earl Nash,
of Grattan Grange, for services ren-
dered during initiatory ceremony.

Allegan County Pomona met with
East Casco and Ganges Granges at
Leisure Corners, which is in the cen-
ter of a wide awake and prosperous
fruit growing section. The well pre-
pared dinner and the following pro-
gram were thoroughly enjoyed by ev-
erybody present. Vocal music, East
Casco Grange; opening exercises;
business session; suggestions for the
county fair, L. C. Root; paper, Mrs.

. C. Dow; “Care of the Fruit Trees
and Vines during the Year,” F. .
Barden; instrumental music, Ganges
Grange. Dinner. Music- East Casco
Grange; “Gathering and Marketing
the Fruit, from the Early Strawberries
to the Late Apples,” H. C. Dow; ind
strumental music, by Bert Miller;
“Which is the Better Investment for
a Young Man, a Twenty-year Endow-
ment Life Insurance Policy or' the
Same Amount Invested in a Fruit
Farm‘fi’ D. J. Round and Wm. H.
Stickle; vocal music, East Casco
Grange; “Are the Agricultural Col-
leges Educating ‘Back to the Farm’ or
from it?” Messrs. C. Cook and
Marshall Bugden; instrumental music
by Ganges Grange.

”The Sixteenth Annual Picnic of Gil-

ead Grange No. 400, was held August
13 in McMahan’s grove at Gilead lake.
Band concerts by- the Bronson band,
a ball game, and races, were features
which added to the day’s enjoyment.
Following is the program, of which
State Master Ketcham’ address was a
feature: Music, Gilead Grange Choir;
invocation, Rev. Everington; address
of welcome, Mrs. Geo. W. Lazenby;
response, Mrs. I. A. Corless, Coldwa-
ter Grange; paper, Cleon Hoopingar-
ner; solo, Glenn Martin; declamation,
Arabelle Green; paper, Mrs. Melvin
Clemm; duet recitation, Lucile Rup-
right;' duet, Mrs. Earl Linn and Miss
Mabel Beck; address, W. G. Cowell;
recitation, Laura Harris; solo, W. J.
Campbell; address, Hon. John C.
Ketcham.

THE NEW GRANGES.

 

The number of Granges organized
and reorganized from April 1, 1914,
to June 30, 1914, both inclusive, was
as follows: '

 

Organized.
California ................ .. ...... 2
Colorado ......................... 3
Indiana .......................... 1
Illinois .......................... 1
Iowa ............................ 3
Kansas .......................... 30
Maine ........................... 1
Maryland ........................ 2
Massachusetts ................... 1
Michigan ........................ 5
Missouri ......................... 2
Montana ......................... 4
Nebraska ........................ 14
New Hampshire ................. 1
‘New Jersey ...................... 1
. New York ...................... 9
North Dakota ................... 2
Ohio ............................. 10
Oregon .......................... 6
Pennsylvania .................... 14
South Dakota .................... 6
Washington ...................... 9
Wyoming ........................ 3
Total .......................... 130
Reorganized.

Colorado ......................... 1
Massachusetts ................... 1
Nebraska ........................ 1
Ohio ............................. 1
Pennsylvania .................... 2
South Dakota .................... 1
Washington ...................... 1
Wyoming ........................ 1
Total .......................... 9

COMING EVENTS.

 

Samaria Grange No. 1430, Samaria,
Monroe county, will hold their annual
picnic on August 29. J C. Ketcham.
Master of Michigan State Grange, will
be present.

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Address all communications relative
to the organization of new Clubs to
Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.

CLUB DISCUSSIONS.

Discuss Live Stock Diseases.—-—The
August meeting of Columbia Farmers’
Club was held at “Woodland,” the ex~
tensive farm home of Mr. and Mrs.
Walter Reading. The subject for the
day was “Diseases of the hog and
tuberculosis in cattle.” As Mr. Read-
ing is a large dealer in cattle it was
a great disappointment that the com.
mittee in charge neglected to secure
a state speaker for the occasion. How.
ever, the company present handled
the discussion with much profit from
their various experience. Mrs. Jen-
nie Neely read an rticle on “The
Value of the Horse. ‘Portions of the
article by Mr. Pettit in the Michigan
Farmer, on “The Army Worm,” were
read. Mrs. Hazel Brooks sang two
solos in a most beautiful manner.
Miss Effie Reading gave a short read-
ing on “Modern Maids.” Miss M.
Crego told a story that brought forth
a good laugh. Rev. Long spoke brief-
ly on the war situation. Misses Dor-
othy Barstow and Effie Reading gave
a piano duet and the company of over
50, including some guests, Mrs. W. F.
Raven, of Lansing, and Mr. and Miss
Carpenter, of Napoleon Club, were
present. Supper was served to the
guests of the Club on the pleasant
lawn. Next meeting will be at the
home of Mrs. C. M. Crego, September
12.—Maude Smith, Reporter.

Discuss the Ideal Home—The Con-
way and Handy Union Farmers’ Club
met at the home of Mr. and Mrs. G. L.
Adams, Friday, July 31. The Club was
opened by music, after which Rev. R.
T. Kilpatrick led in prayer. The first
on the program was a. paper by Mrs.
James Wilkinson. “The Ideal Home,
its Influence on Character Building.”
The home is influential in molding the
characters of the members of it;
whether the home be good or bad, we

 

 

)’

seem to blame it for successes or fail-
ures of the lives entrusted to it. The
ideal home must wield a more power-
ful influence. Home may mean refuge
to one, to another a place of discon‘
tent and strife. At home one be-
comes his real self, and what he is in
the home he will be in the world. Mrs.
Wilkinson believes that environment
must not receive all the credit for
character; that heredity is responsi-
ble to a large extent. America is
known as a country of homes, and we
look to the homes for the safety of
our government. Something holds one
to the principals and teachings of the
home. The influence of the home
maker, the mother, is so great a fac-
tor in the home that one cannot get
away from it. Sooner or later, mem.
cries of a good home and mother, may
become influential for good in other
homes. Mr. Rambo was not present
in time to hear Mrs. W'ilkinson’s pa
per but later in his discussion of the
topic he quoted the dictionary as say—
ing: “A home is a place where we
stay; a dwelling.” Taken from the
standpoint of building, he believes a
house should be built with aview to
convenience as well as comfort. There
should be no useless rooms. But he
believes whatever the house, the men»
bers of the household should be har-
monious; comforts and conveniences
would amount to little if the inmates
could not agree. Character building
depends largely upon the home, chil-
dren should be taught morality.

The Home as a Moral Force—The
second-topic, “Home, a moral force,
versus a place to board and lodge,"
was opened by Rev. R. T. Kilpatrick.
He said home was where “Two hearts
beat as one;” the sunniest and cheer—
iest spot on earth. Some homes can
be defined in that way, but many are
the reverse. In an ideal home, the
boy is not afraid of his father’s voice
and the mother has the confidence or
her children. Too many young men
and women are in boarding houses to-
day who might be in homes of their
own, but for the fact that home means
a place of discontent, strife and woe.
Mrs. W. M. Horton said a home as a
moral force, requires more than food
and lodging. Many stay away rrom
home because the outside attraction
is stronger and more pleasant. In the
home there should be training that
will tend to uplift the character. But
many people in taking children into
their homes seem to think they have
done all that is necessary when they
make them comfortable, etc. They
pay little or no attention to the mold—
ing of the lives entrusted to them.
Mrs. E. W. Burkhart said that as a
mother she realized that the raising
of children was a constant warfare
against sin and immorality, and that
a mother had her hands full. Mr.
Adams said that he had been a guest
in what he considered an ideal home
and that the father and mother of that
home were present. He asked that
Mr. Frank Crandall, of Howell, be call-
ed upon. Mr. Crandall said they had
brought up five sons and four daugh-
ters; their family, when at home, num-
bers 17, this number including grand
children. Mr. Roosevelt, when speak.
ing at the Agricultural College, said
the home was the foundation of the
government: that schools were aux.
iliaries to it. A home with children
is certainly a heaven on earth, but
the children shouldn’t be expected to
be any better than the parents. Good
books and good pictures aid much in
character building. Mr. Crandall feels
that it is more necessary that boys
and girls should be in the church ser-
vice than in the Sunday school. \Vhile
there are many who in later years
turn back to the old home teachings,
yet there are many who do not. l’ar-
ents should never feel that the chil-
dren are safe. Children bring joy into
the home when they are little, but
there is an added joy and blessing
when they grow up. Parents should
be pleased when children go into
homes of their own, because home life
is the greatest blessing on earth.

The Hygienic Value of Recreation.
——Ralph Carr opened the discussion
of hygienic value of recreation. He
said recreation is a change from what
one does regularly. While in college
he took his recreation by cross coun-
try, it took extra time and caused him
to study later at night, but felt that
he was the better for it. One should
get away from his work as often as is
possible. A change of the trend of
mind is as necessary as a change of
manual labor. No matter what we do
regularly it is apt to become monoto-
nous. George Stow said some people
need work for recreation. To the
farmer a change of jobs is refreshing.
To persons who are somewhat run
down a doctor usually prescribes rest.
We must be healthy and it is neces-
sary that we change from our regular
work as often as possible in order to
keep our bodies healthy and tempers
in good condition. Members answered
to roll call by telling what made a
house homelike. Club adjourned to
meet with Mr. and Mrs. Clay.Gordon
the last Fridav in August—Mrs. Clay
Gordon, Cor. Sec.

. u:- u... 4.......

. —. -... ”‘13.... . ..:.

 


 

 

,THE MICHIGAN FARM’ER

.’

AUG. 22, 1914.

 

150—14
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GRAINS AND SEEDS.

August 18, 1914.

Wheat.—An easier feeling prevailed
last week in the wheat market. Prices
had gone down fully 60 from the
high point, but on Tuesday this down-
ward trend was suddenly stopped and
an advance of 50 made. It seems to
be the general opinion among dealers
that as soon as exporting can be re-
sumed under normal conditions, ad-
vances will be in evidence. The rea-
son given for the decline was that
wheat accumlations at sea-board
points were getting very large, as
shipping had temporarily ceased and
to avoid further congestion dealers res
fused to take the grain at so high quo-
tations as prevailed last week. Ship-
ments are now being resumed and the
outlet should aid the bulls in keeping
the market firm, for while England
has enough of the grain for immedi-
ate wants, other countries, like Bel-
gium and France, are in want and
stand willing to insure cargoes against
war risks to secure them. Canada’s
crop of fall wheat is placed six points
below the estimate of a year ago, and
her spring wheat fields promise to
run about nine points lower than in

 

1913. A year ago the price for No. 2
red wheat was 90c per bushel. Quota-
tions for the past week are:

No. 2 No. 1

Red. White. Dec.
\Vednesday ...... 981/2 98 1.04
Thursday . . . . . 981/; 97%, 1.03%
Friday ...........97 961/2 1.01%
Saturday ........ 941/2 94 99%
Monday .......... 941/2 94 99
Tuesday ......... 99 981/; 104%

Chicago, (Aug. 18).—No. 2 red

wheat 961/2c; Sept, 940; Dec, 99%0.
Corn.—This cereal did not suffer

the margin of reaction noted in wheat 23

circles, although prices sagged a cent
below the figures given a week ago,
which loss was recovered Tuesday.
Crop conditions here are favorable to
better prices than with wheat; how-
ever, recent rains saved many fields
and rendered general help to the crop.
Offerings are quite liberal for the
season. One year ago the price for
No. 3 corn was 761/2c per bushel. Quo-
tations for the week are:

No. 3 No. 3
Mixed. Yellow.
Wednesday . . . ...... 88 90
Thursday ........... 87 89
Friday .............. 87 89
Saturday ........... 86 88
Monday ............. 86 88
Tuesday ............ 87 89
Chicago, (Aug. 18).—No. 3 corn
81@82c; Sept, 797/80; Dec., 705/80;

May, 71%0.

Oats.—Liberal receipts of oats had
weakened the trade which, with the
easier tone of the wheat market, re-
sulted in a cut of prices. But the re-
action in wheat and corn put quota-
tions higher on Tuesday. The im-
portant oat growing sections are now
threshing and farmers seem to be
anxious to get the grain to the ele—
vators, early resulting in a temporary
bearish feeling. Canada’s crop report
show that the crop on that side of the
line went back over ten points during
the month of July and that the crop
is ten per cent poorer than it was a
year ago. On this date in 1913 the
price for standard oats was 44c per

bushel. Quotations for the week are:
No. 3

Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 451/2 441/3

Thursday ........... 451/2 44%

Friday .............. 43 421/2
Saturday ............ 421/2 42
Monday ............ 421/2 42
Tuesday ............ 441/2 44

Chicago, (Aug. 18).—September oats
451/10; Dec, 46c; May, 4914c.

Rye—Another advance of 50 was
made last week. Demand is strong
and the supply limited. No. 2 is quot-
ed at 80c per bushel.

Beans—Cash beans advanced an-
other 25c. Crop conditions are not
promising. Quotations: Immediate
and prompt shipments $2.75 per bu;
October $2.25. Chicago-Prices con-
tinue firm and demand steady. Pea
beans, hand-picked, choice, are quoted
at $3g‘3.10; common at $2.75@2.90;
red kidneys, choice $3.50@4.

Cloverseed.—All quotations are low-
er. The coming crop, however, prom-

ises to be small. Prime spot $10.50;
October and December $11; alsike
sales were made at $9.

Timothy Seed—Prime spot $2.65

per bushel.
Alfalfa Seed.-—Prime spot $8.75. .

FLOUR AND FEEDS.

 

Noun—Jobbing lots in one-eighth
paper sacks are selling on the Detroit
market per 196 lbs. as follows. Best
patent $5.95; second $5.45; straight

$4.95; spring patent $5.95; rye flour
$4.55 per bbl.

Feed.—-—In 100-lb. sa‘cks, jobbing lots
are: Bran $26; standard middlings
$28; fine middlings $30; coarse corn-
meal $33.50; cracked corn $34.50; corn
and oat chop $30 per ton.

Hay.—Carlots on track at Detroit
are: New, No. 1 timothy $15.50@16;
standard $14.50@15; No. 2, $14@
14.50; light mixed $14.50@15.

New York—Market higher. No. 1
téiIZrothy $24@25; No. 3 to No. 2 $20

0.

Chicago.——Offerings light and the
demand good. Choice timothy quoted
at $18@20 per ton; No. 1, $17@18;
No. 2, 14@16.

Straw—Steady. Rye $8@8.50; oat
straw $7@7.50; wheat straw $7@7.50
perton. '

DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.

 

Butter.—Market steady, with prices
unchanged. Extra creamery 280 per
1b; firsts 27c; dairy 200; packing
stock 190.

Chicago—Market is firm with the
price slightly higher. The supply of
fresh goods is light and storage stock
is drawn upon. Extra creamery 290;
extra firsts 28@281,éc per lb; firsts 25
@261/2c; seconds 23@24%c; packing
stock 19@201/zc.

Elgin.—Market firm at 300 per 1b.,
which is 11/2c higher than last week.

New York—The market is firm with
prices slightly higher. Creamery ex-
tras 301/2@3lc; firsts 28@300; sec-
onds 26@27c.

Eggs.~Market is strong with prices
advancing. Fresh stock sells at 231/20
per dozen.

Chicago—A firm feeling continues
to exist. Quotations remain about the
same. Fresh stock sells well. Miscel-
laneous lots, cases included 16@21c;
gidinary firsts 18@19c; firsts 201/2@

/20.

New York.—~Market steady, with
prices on fresh stock higher. Fresh
gathered extras 27@29c; extra firsts
25%@261/zc per dozen; seconds 21@

C.

Poultry.———Market quiet with broil-
ers in most active demand. Prices
are unchanged. Live—Broilers 18@
190 per lb; hens 14@16c; ducks 14@
15c; young ducks 15@16c; geese 11
@120.

Chicago—The trading is good at
unchanged prices. The demand is en-
tirely local. Quotations on live are:
Fowls 140; spring chickens 15c; ducks
good stock 12@13c; guinea hens per
dozen $3.50; spring geese 12@13c.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

Fruits—Pears $1.50@2 per bushel;
plums $1.50@2 per bushel; Champion
grapes 15c per 4-lb. basket; peaches
$1@1.25 per bushel.

Chicago—Michigan peaches 15@250
per 1-5 bushel basket; yellow $1 per
bu; Clapp’s Favorite pears $2.50@3.50
per bbl; Bartlett $4.50@5 per bbl;
Sugar pears $3@3.25; Champion
grapes 121/2@130 per 8-lb basket.

Vegetables—Homegrown cabbage,
$1.25@1.50 per bbl; new beets 650 per
bushel; radishes 100 per dozen; home-
grown green corn $1@1.10 per sack;
leaf lettuce 400 per lb; green beans
750 per bu; wax beans 750 per bu.

Apples.——Good stock in demand but
poor is beginning to hurt the market.
Transparent 750@$1; Duchess $1@
1.10 per crate, and $2.50@3.50 per bbl.

Chicago.~—There is a wide range of
prices, due to difference in quality.
Nice stock rules firm. Transparent $1
@125 per bushel basket; Duchess 900
@115; Transparent $3@4.50 per bbl;
Duchess $2@4.25; Astricans $2@3.50;
Wealthy $3.50; Strawberry Pippin
$3.25@3.50.

 

WOOL.

 

Conditions surrounding the wool
trade would not permit its being held
down long, and last week’s easy feel-
ing gave way to riotious buying, which
put the amount of sales far above the
aggregate for any month for a long
time past. The trading extended to
all grades. Prices are generally
stronger and the fleece wools are now
being included in the activity, large
blocks having been contracted for at
good figures. At Boston unwashed de-
laines rule at 27@28c; Michigan un-
washed combing 23@290; do. cloth-
ing 23@26c.

DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.

 

 

Business is increasing at the mar-
ket, and on Tuesday morning all the
stalls were full, with a large number
of wagons standing about the curb.
Buyers were out in good numbers.
Celery 300 per large bunch; tomatoes
offered freely at 65@800; onlons $1.25
@140; potatoes not plentiful at 950;
large cucumbers 30@35c per bushel;
corn 60@65c per bag; thimble berries
$2.75 per 24-qt. crate; pears $1.50 per
bu; apples 75c@$1.25 per bu: eggs
$09.; butter 32c; loose hay. $16@18 per
on.

.days past.

THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.
August 17, 1914.
(Special Report of Dunning & Stev-
ens, New York Central Stock
‘ Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)

Receipts here today as follows: Cat-
tle 230 cars; hogs 90 d. d.; sheep and
lambs 38 d. d.; calves 900 head.

With 230 cars of cattle on sale here
today, Chicago reporting 20,000 and
lower, Jersey City reported 60 loads
and much lower, with the exception
of a few loads of very prime strictly
dry-fed Indianas, the cattle all sold
from 15@25c per cwt. lower, and in
many instances they were bid for at
400 per cwt lower, and tonight there
are at least 40 loads of cattle here un-
sold, weighing from 1150 to 1350 lbs.,
and it looks like a dull outlook for the
remainder of the week on all weighty
cattle.

Prices broke badly in the hog di-
vision today, owing to liberal supplies
at all western markets and right close
to 100 double decks on sale here,
about 35 loads put on the market that
have been locked up here for several
It was a very dull and
draggy market from start to finish,
with all good grades selling at $9.40
generally. Roughs $8@8.25; stags
$6.75@7.25. Late market was extreme-
ly dull and fully 20 double decks go.
ing over unsold, with choice grades
offered on late market at $9.40, and
no buyers for them. Market is still
in an unsettled condition and we
would advise buyers to be careful in
the country.

The market was slow today on
lambs and active on sheep. Prices
Quarter lower than the close of last
week. Choice handy lambs selling
mostly at $8.50@8.75. We look for
steady prices the balance of the week.

We quote: Spring lambs $8.50@
8.75; cull to fair $6.50@8.40; yearlings
$6@7; bucks $3@3.50; handy ewes
$5.50@5.75; heavy ewes $4.75@5;
wethers $6@6.50; cull sheep $2@3.75;
veals, choice to extra $11.25@11.50;
88500 good $10@11; heavy calves $6

 

 

Chicago.

August 17, 1914.
Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.
Receipts today..20,000 30,000 30,000
Same day 1913..10,845 17,474 25,567
Last week ..... 38,433 106,907 11,781
Same wk 1913..47,487 156,321 119,152
A run of cattle 4,000 larger than the
trade looked for forced prices 10@15c
lower on bulk, below choice grade,
the choice to prime kinds selling at
steady rates. It was mainly a medium
to merely pretty good grade of steers
on sale and 4,000 range arrivals were
competitors against the light natives.
Range trade held steady. Packers and
shippers showed keen favor for prime
goods and a four-load drove of the A.
W. Bragg steers, 1590 lbs., from Tus-
cola, 111., sold at $10.60, a new high
price for the year. Other choice to
prime grades went at $10.15@10.50 and
the bulk of good to choice handy and
strong weights made $9.50@10. She
stock sold steady to 10c lower, canner
cows and the best dry lots cows and
yearling heifers showing an unchang-
ed basis. Heifers topped at $9.75.
Bulls were 100 lower and calves Went
at 250 decline. Stockers and feeders
were offered in more generous vol-
ume than for some weeks past, and
these took 10@15c decline in prices.
Hog market opened 10@15c lower and
closed 15@250 below last week’s clos-
ing rate. Shipping orders were unus-
ually light and this was the strong
bearish feature. Tops were made at
$9.30 for light butchers. Heavies top-
ggdZSat B$9ޣ5 22ndh butcher weights at

. . u 0 t e run sol .
@915. d at $8 85
'Sheep and lambs had strOng de-
clines, native sheep selling 15@25c
lower, range sheep at 15c decline and
native lambs went 25@400 down from
last week, while range stock went at
15@25c decline. Only a few feeding
lambs were here, these selling steady.
Montana feeding lambs sold at $7.40;
native lambs topped at $8.20 and rang-
ers at $8.40. Ewes of best kind made

$5.75@6; breeding ewes sold at $6.
The cattle market had a sensational
advance last week. scoring 25@40c
gain and standing 50@600 higher than
two weeks ago, due to short general
supplies and an urgency of demand
winch clearly demonstrated that kill-
ers are going to have use for every
beef bullock coming into the markets
for weeks ahead. Despite the high cost
of beef. the call for it is good in all
quarters. There is scant Argentine
competition in the east and the Eu-
ropean war demands will not he need-
ed to make this season’s market prac-
tically the best in history. Inabilitv
to export meats is a handicap to the
packers’ European trade. Still, sup-
plies 1n the United States are really
not equal to domestic demands. Top
steers sold up to $10.50 last week.
Many cleared about $10. including
yearlings at $10.25 and stillers at
$10.25@10.40. Bulk of fat, handy and
strong weights went at $8.65@10.10,

and just a medium killing kind at
$8.25@9.—15, with the plain light steers
down to $8.15@8.40, and only a grass-
er grade below $8. Range steers sold
up to $9.65, the bulk at $8.10@8.85 and
range heifers made a record at $8.45.
She stock sold at 25@350 advance,
bulk of fair to good cows at $6@7.25,
Prime up to $8, and only a plain kind
at $5.50, while canners and cutters
brought $3.50@5. Bulls sold at $5.75

8 for common to choice, bolognas
mainly at $6.40@6.85. Calves were
firm at $11@12 for common to prime.
Feeder cattle scarcity forced 25@35c
advance, bulk of the medium to good
steers making $7.15@7.75 and choice
landed up to $8.25 with only a tailing
stbck kind at $6.50@6.85.

Hogs had a fluctuating market all
last week. Opening at $10.20 for tops
on a 45@600 higher deal; prices de-
clined 75@800 in the next two days,
owing to an increase in receipts
brought out by reason of the sharp
advance. The market later reacted
a little, but lost the advance before
the close. Last sales were 75@8OC
down from high point at the start of
the week, and pigs showed a flat $1
decline. At the finish top lights and
butchers sold at $9.40 and spread of
$8.95@9.25 took the bulk while a poor
class of heavy packing sold down
to $8.50 and pigs at $8@8.75.

Sheep and lambs sold on a lower
basis than the week before, due to a
big increase in receipts. Choice na-
tive lambs sold up to $8.75 and rang-
ers at $8.65, while $7.25@8.60 took
common to good natives, with a cull
class down to $6.25. Range feeding

lambs sold at $6.75@7.50. Native
wethers topped at $6.25 and plain to
choice rangers made $5.65@6.10.

Yearlings sold up to $6.65 and feeding
yearlings at $5.60@6.10. Poor to
choice range ewes brought $4.50@6.10
and best native ewes $5.85@6.10 with
a cull class at $3@4.

Horse marketings were small and
trade tone dull at prices unchanged
from rates recentely noted. Total run
for the week was 713 against 716 the
week before and 1226 a year ago. City
demand continues quiet, although bet-
ter outlet is looked for when the fall
trade opens up. Few horses are going
to the east and the drafters and heavy
chunks are getting the best action.
Mule trade is practically at a stand-
still all over the country because of.
the inactivity in exporting cotton. Few
drafters went above $225 but tops
were quoted up to $260 and higher.
Loggers brought $165@225, a common
to good kind of drivers $100@200, and
the 1250 to 1400-1b. expressers sold at
$85@200.

LIVE STOCK NEWS.

Shortage of live stock rather than
the European war, has been the factor
forcing prices to sharply higher lev-
els in recent weeks. Higher cost of
old corn, due to the droughty condi-
tion which has faced a big share of
the crop for some weeks past, is an-
other influence. As yet there has
hardly been a ,riffle in the trade as a
result of European war orders. Ar-
gentine and Australia will be the nat-
ural supply depots for meats to feed
the warring armies of Europe. The
United States has long been shy of a
really requisite crop of live stock to
feed its own people.

There are sections in Illinois, and
Missouri, as well as Indiana, where
rain has not been had for weeks past.
In those spots a mere shadow of a
corn crop is in prospect. Grass is
poor and there is slight chance for
good fall pastures unless rain is had
in the near future. Such a situation
facing cattle feeders makes them wary
to come into the market and buy feed-
ing stock at current prices. It is a
certainty that the price of corn will
hold at a lofty level all fall and win-
ter and tendency of feeders is to hold
off the market in expectancy that dry
weather in the west will send a lot of
thin steers to market and force the
prices down.

All reports from the western range
territory are that cattle are rolling fat
right now and grass is curing nicely.
This will mean a quick hardening of
fat and an early movement of the
bulk of range steers into the market.
That packers will welcome a generous
range run is significant by the free
early season buying of westerns. In
the past week a train of range steers
from Montana sold at $8.85 and one
load up to $9.65.

Hog growers are taking a bullish
view of the fall market. The belief
exists that war orders will come free-
ly Within a short time and packers
having small supplies of smoked and
salted meats in their cellars will be
big buyers of hogs all season. A re=
cent bear campaign in the market
which netted packers declines of 50c
in two days, from previous high point
this year, was followed by a speedy
uptrend, in which the sensational ad-
vance of $1.50@2 in prices was made
within a week’s time. There are many
predictions now that hogs. having
passed the 10c line will sell at 110
before the summer crop is marketed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

AUG. 22, 1914.

IHIS IS THE LAST EDITION.

The first edition is sent to those who
have not expressed a desire for the
latest markets. The late market edi-
tion will be sent on request at any
time.

DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Thursday’s Market.
. August 20, 1914.

. Cattle.

Receipts 1318. Good dry-fed and can-
ners steady; others 10@150 lower
than last week.—

Best heavy steers $8.50@9; best
handy weight butcher steers $7.25@8;
mixed steers and heifers $6.75@7.25;
handy light butchers $6.50@7; light
butchers $5.50@6.50; best cows $6@
6.75; butcher cows $5@5.75; common
cows $4.50@5; canners $3.25@4.25;
best heavy bulls $6@6.50; bologna
bulls $5.75@6; stock bulls $5.25@5.50;
feeders $6.75@7.25; ‘ stockers $6.25@
6.75; milkers and springers $40@80.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Bresnahan 1
heifer wgh 580 at $5.25, 3 do av 580 at
$5.25; to Goose 11 cows av 953 at
$5.60, 19 butchers av 576 at $5.50; to
Shapero 1 cow wgh 880 at $6, 1 do
wgh 1290 at $7; to Sullivan P. Co.
2 do av 1060 at $6.10, 1 do wgh 1040
at $5, 1 steer wgh 800 at $7.35; to
Mich. B. Co. 4 bulls av 1007 at $6.25;
to Sullivan P. Go. 11 steers av 843 at
$7.35, 2 cows av 775 at $6, 3 steers
av 1253 at $8, 2 cows av 1190 at $6.25,
6 steers av 971 at $7.65, 2 cows av
955 at $6.50, 7 do av 750 at $5.65, 2
do av 800 at $6.75, 20 steers av 931
at $7.50, 3 do av 1053 at $8, 2 cows av
1190 at $6.25, 6 steers av 971 at $7.65,
2 cows av 955 at $6.50, 4 butchers av
805 at $7; to Grant 8 do av 700 at
$5.65; to Bane 8 stockers av 624 at
$6.50; to Brown 9 do av 445 at $6, 15
do av 570 at $6.50; to Bowersox 8
cows av 890 at $5.65; to Hammond, S.
& Co. 7 steers av 1010 at $8, 2 cows
av 1065 at $6.50, 3 canners av 900 at
$4.25, 3 cows av 1153 at $5.50; to
Rattkowsky 5 cows av 844 at $4.65; to
Ratner 10 heifers av 576 at $6.25; to
Parker, W. & C0. 6 canners av 750 at
$3.50; to Lamkin 11 stockers av 550
at $6.75, 2 do av 515 at $6.75; to
Schlischer 13 butchers av 707 at $5.50.

Spicer & R. sold Mason B. Co.
steers av 1290 at $9; to Goose 2 butch-
ers av 620 at $6, 1 bull wgh 1270 at
$6.50, 3 butchers av 807 at $4.75; to
Kull l bull wgh 920 at $6, 4 steers av
860 at $7.40; to Watts 4 feeders av
900 at $7; to Newton B. Co. 1 canner
wgh 750 at $3.50, 2 do av 830 at $3.50;
to Breitenbeck 17 steers av 909 at
$7.25; to Bliss 1 do wgh 830 at $7, 3
butchers av 990 at $6.40, 3 do av 590
at $6; to Mason B. Co. 1 bull wgh 1120
at $7; to Newton B. Co. 17 steers av
845 at $6.50; to Watts 10 feeders av
829 at $6.35, 4 do av 830 at $7; to
Breitenbeck 2 steers av 660 at $7.25,
5 bulls av 852 at $5.90; to Newton B.
Co. 1 cow wgh 770 at $5.50, 1 do wgh
860 at $5.50.

Roe Com. Co. sold Bresnahan 9 cows
av 968 at $4.45, 6 heifers av 590 at
$6.25, 1 do wgh 850 at $7.50; to New-
ton B. Co. 5 bulls av 962 at $6.15, 4
steers av 750 at $6.75, 3 do av 710 at
$6.75; to Findlay 2 stockers av 375 at
$6.60, 11 do av 556 at $6.60, 1 do wgh
670 at $6.60, 6 do av 625 at $6.80; to
Sullivan P. Co. 14 steers av 930 at
$8, 3 cows av 1057 at $5.75, 4 do av
837 at $4; to Grant 6 bulls av 500 at
$5.35; to Breitenbeck 9 cows av 900
at $5.75, 6 heifers av 670 at $6.80; to
Sullivan P. Co. 10 cows av 1024 at
$6; to Findlay 3 stockers av 403 at
$6.60; to Kull 2 cows av 750 at $6; to
Goose 4 do av 1015 at $5.15; to Grant
3 heifers av 640 at $6.50; to Kamman
B. Co. 24 steers av 944 at $7.50, 2 do
av 660 at $6.85; to Parker, W. & Co.
2 canners av 800 at $3.50, 4 do av 835
at $4, 1 do wgh 990 at $4.

Veal Calves.
Receipts 577. Market steady with

 

Wednesday; 50@75c lower than last
week. Best $11@11.50; others $8@
10.50.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.
29 av 160 at $11.50, 2 av 270 at $9, 12
av 170 at $11, 5 av 180 at $7, 1 wgh
360 at $8.50, 2 av 100 at $8.50; to
Hammond, S. & Co. 5 av 185 at $11.50,
4 av 180 at $11.25, 13 av 145 at $11, 8
av 175 at $10.50, 1 wgh 140 at $9.50;
to Shaparo 4 av 180 at $11.50, 5 av
165 at $11.75; to Mich. B. Co. 11 av
190 at $7, 4 av 230 at $10.50; to Nagle
P. Co. 3 av 150 at $11, 3 av 130 at $9;
to McGuire 8 av 155 at $11.50,'8 av
150 at $11.50, 8 av 185 at $11; to Na‘
gle P. Co. 8 av 160 at $11.25, 6 av 170
at $11.50, 11 av 175 at $11, 8 av 150 at
$11.25, 11 av 185 at $11.25.

Spicer & R. sold Applebaum 7 av
180 at $11.40, 4 av 145 at $11.40; to
Kull 2 av 205 at $9.75, 2 av 205 at $12,
8 av 160 at $11.50.

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Go.
1 wgh 320 at $7; to Mich. B.’ Co. 1
wgh 180 at $10.

' Sheep and Lambs.

Recei ts 3835. Market dull.. Best
lambs 8; fair lambs $7@7.50; light
to” common lambs $6@6.50; fair to
006 sheep $4@5; culls and common
$2.§o@3.50 - . ,

2 day’s close.

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

Haley & M. sold same 150' av 200
at $9.40.

Spicer & R. sold Thompson Bros. 52
sheep av 85 at $4.25; to Kull 5 lambs
av 80 at $8.25; to Parker, W. & Co.
10 do av 57 at $6, 20 do av 55 at $7.75,
13 do av 70 at $8; to Mich. B. Co.
13 lambs av 65 at $7.50.

Haley & M. sold Thompson Bros.
19.1ambs av 60 at $8; to Sullivan P.
Co. 10 do av 55 at $7, 63 do av 78 at
$8; to Parker, W. & Co. 7 sheep av
125 at $4.75; to Newton B. Co. 18
lambs av 60 at $8, 37 do av 70 at $8;
to Parker, W. & Co. 7 sheep av 100 at

$4.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 7 do av 140
at $4.50.
Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.

12 sheep av 95 at $4.50, 4 do av 120 at
$4.50, 12 lambs av 70 at $8; to Barlage
84 do av 75 at $8; to Rattkowsky 9
sheep av 105 at $5; to Barlage 21
sheep av 80 at $8.

. Hogs.
Receipts 2091. Market 5c higher;

all grades $9.35@9.40.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. &
Co. 700 av 200 at $9.40, 200 av 150 at

$9.35

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.
325 av 200 at $9.40.

Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 160 av 200 at $9.40.

Friday’s Market.
August 14, 1914.
Cattle.

Receipts this week 1429; last week
1567; market steady.

Best heavy steers on market $8.75;
best handy weight butcher steers $7.50
@7.75; mixed steers and heifers $7@
7.50; handy light butchers $6.75@
7.50; light butchers $6.25@7; best
cows $6@7; butcher cows $5@5.75;
common cows $4@5; canners $3@
4.25; best heavy bulls $6.50@6.75;
bologna bulls $6.25@6.50; stock bulls
$5.50@6.50; feeders $6.75@7.25; stock-
ers $6.25@6.75; milkers and springers

$40@85.
Veal Calves.
Receipts this week 649; last week
527. Market strong. Best $12@12.50;
medium and common $8@10.50.

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts this week 4345; last week
2637; market 250 lower than Thurs-
Common bucky and half
fat lambs very dull. Best lambs $8.50;
fair do $7@8.25; light to common do
$5.75@6.50; fair to good sheep $4@5;
culls and common $2.50@3.50.

 

Hogs.
Receipts this week 3233; last week
17; market 10@15c higher; all
grades $9.40@9.50.

 

CROP AND MARKET NOTES.

 

(Continued from page 153).

is an average crop; potatoes good;
fruit very light. Wheat 70@750 per
bushel; oats 32c; barley 460; eggs
240. Too dry for plowing; busy with
threshing. Oats in some places not
coming up to last year.

Missouri.

Phelps Co., Aug. 11.—Wheat was
extra fine this year, threshing nearly
all dofie, the yield averaging about 25
bushels to the acre. Rye was also
good, but not nearly so much sowed
as. there was wheat. Hay was only
fair and oats were very short. Corn
W111 average a little better than a half
crop is the prospect now. We have
had very little rain since April. On
August 10 we had about an inch and
a half. Potatoes are retailing at $1.25
per bushel. Fruit is fair, such as ap--
ples, peaches and plums. Apples 50c;
peaches 750@$1; plums 500. A good
prospect for later apples. Eggs 14c;
hens 10c; spring chickens 131/20;
roosters 7c; ducks 81/20; geese 41/40;
turkeys 15c; butter 200; corn 74c per
bushel; wheat, No. 2, 650 per bushel.

Vernon 00., Aug. 10.——Missouri 'is
dry in this section at this writing;
corn is looking very good, and would
have been better with more rain.
There is considerable threshing being
done now. Wheat averaged at about
15@20c per bushel and oats from 20
@30c. The hay crop is good, the bot-
tom hay being extra good, making
about two tons to the acre. Very lit-
tle plowing done yet; a great many
Will be at it in another week. The
apples have been damaged by a dis-
ease, something like bitter rot, and so
a great many have fallen off the
peaches, and also grapes. Not much
trees. There will be a good many
live stock being sold now. Eggs are
worth 160; butter 20c; oats 25c;
wheat 65c; hay about $6.50.

Iowa.

Osceola 60., Aug. 11.-—Threshing
from the field is on in full blast and
returns are not nearly up to expecta—
tions. There is good length to the
straw but the heads are not well fill-
ed. Wheat is yielding from eight to
12 bushels per acre; oats from 25 to
40 bushels; barley from 23 to 32 bush-
els. Corn looks fine. Apples will be
a fair crop but there are no plums.
Pastures are short but there is a good
prospect for cloverseed.

' ' Nebraska.
Cass Co Aug.- 10.-——Rain that was

 

needed badly came the last of July.
With the first rain came a very hard
wind that blew down the corn very
badly in.this vicinity. Wheat thresh-
ing nearly over, yield 15 to 25 bushels
per acre; oats 30@500; hay is good.
Fruit not plentiful. Some have start-
ed to plow, but weather is hot and
the ground hard and not well wet
down. Wheat 73c; oats 300; corn
75c; hogs $8.50; hay $5@6; cattle $5

@750; apples $1.25 per bushel;_ on-
ions $1; poultry 130 down; brOilers
17c; butter 18c; eggs 15c.

Pierce 60., Aug. 8.——Corn is doing
fine now, we have had three heavy
rains in the last week; we needed
them all and could stand quite a bit
more. A fine crop of potatoes so far.
As far as the threshing has gone the
oat crop is heavy. No cloverseed has
been threshed in this county. Onions
are large and a pretty fair crop. No
crop of apples to speak of; no pears
or peaches at all. Some hogs have
died with cholera and some have been
vaccinated. Corn 600; butter 25c;
cream 26c; apples $1.50; extra fine
crop of hay.

Scotts Bluff 00., Aug. 7.——It has
been extremely hot and dry. Ranges
all burned up, resulting in an early
heavy shipment of range cattle. The
second cutting of alfalfa is about com-
pleted and the season’s crop of this
hay will be heavy. Grain yields will
be only fair. Some stock being sold
at about 80; alfalfa hay $5 per ton.

South Dakota.

Meade 00., Aug. 7.—August has
come in hot and dry; all crops are in
need of rain. Harvesting is done and
threshing is on. Sod oats threshed
out 25 bushels per acre. Wheat yield
is not as good as expected. Hay has
been good and a great deal is being
put up. Potatoes are doing well.
There are a good many pigs in the
country and they appear to be heal-
thy and doing well. The apple crop
will be far short of last year. Wild
fruit is scarce. Peaches shipped in
are selling for $1.50 per box. Stock
of all kinds is high, cows selling
around $75 and unbroken horses from
the range bring $50 each.» Cream 23c;
dairy butter 200; eggs 121/20; hay $8;
oats $1.25 per cwt. Field corn has
good roasting ears.

Colorado.

South Weld 00., Aug. 10.—Corn is
looking fine, with prospects of a good
yield. A good rain would help every-
thing. Second cutting of hay in stack
in good shape. Most of the wheat
will be stacked here, the yield was
good; also oats and rye good; pota-
toes look good; fruit almost a failure.
Prices on all products are going up;
farmers are organizing to sell their
own cabbage; tomatoes are blighting,
so will not be an average crop; beans
look good. Quite a few of hogs and
cattle in this neighborhood. Eggs 200;
butter 30c; butter-fat 320.

Washington.

Western Klickitat 00., Aug. 10.—
Wheat harvest is finished and thresh—
ing is in progress. Hay, new, from $8
@12 per ton. Corn, beans, onions are
good. Potatoes $1.50 per bushel; clo-
verseed 150 per pound; quite an
acreage of seeding being done. Oats
good; stock is quite scarce and high,
but is in good condition. Hogs more
plentiful, and 10@1lc per pound; fat
lambs about $4 per, head. Apples,
pears, prunes are plentiful. Peaches
fine, but scarce. Butter 30c; eggs 300;
butter-fat 26c.

A RAZOR SNAP.

 

A good imported German Razor at
35 cents sounds impossible, but while

the present supply lasts the Michigan
Farmer makes this remarkable offer.

The razors are made of the best
German steel, five-eighth-inch blade,
and black handle. We will not say
just what these razors ordinarily re-
tail at, as prices on razors vary with
each dealer, but we have seen razors
no better sold at $1.25 and $1.50.

Every man who shaves ought to
have at least three razors as it is a
proven fact that giving a razor a rest
is beneficial to it, and here is your
opportunity to get a supply at very
little cost.

So, only while our present supply
lasts the price is 35 cents each, post.

15—151

paid, or a half dozen at $1.70, post-
paid.
A Strop Bargain, Too.

We also have a quantity of Presto
All-in-One razor strops t’hat dealers
sold at $1.00 each. These strops are,
made of finest horsehide leather and
one side is treated with All-imOne
solution which makes it possible to
put a hair-splitting edge on the dull—
est razor. It combines the strop and
bone in one.

The special price on the strop
alone, while the supply lasts, will be
35 cents, postpaid, but if ordered to-
gether with one of the above razors
the price of both will be only 65 cents
postpaid. Here is your chance to get
a good razor and strop at less than
half price. Send orders to The Mich-

igan Farmer, Detroit, Mich.
Buy Your

5 agin aw Now

Right now is the time to order your
Saginaw 8110. Then you will be sure to have
it by filling time. Delay means uncertain
delivery. And you want a Saginaw Silo.

Market your bumper crop by feeding it
to live stock. The silo makes this pOSSible.
Meat will bring high prices. Silage costs less than
any other forage you can raise. _ .

The Saginaw 8110 13 the one
silo that has solved the Vital silo
problems. It is the Steel-Built
silo—proved successful silo con-
struction. The Saginaw silo gives
you sweet, clean succulent Silage
and lasting silo service.

By all means order a silo. See
Saginaw Agent in your locality or
write to our nearest office. Cash
in on the demand for livestock.

THE MCCLURE COMPANY

(Formerly Farmers Handy Wagon Co.)
Saginaw. Mich. Cairo. 1'].
Des Moines. in. St. Paul. Minn.
Ft. Worth. Texas

 

 

 

        

  

 

 

JUST UNLOADED 40 CARS.

For the next 60 days we will sell 5 to 2red cedar shingles
at $3.50 per l\I., I“. (l. B. our yard.

’I‘I'IIINES COAL AND LUMBER CO.
1712 Michigan Ave., Detroit. Michigan.

 

lIVE Let us handle your
POULTRY, poultry, fruits, farm pro-
BkollERS, ducts. Our 25 years in
FRUITS, the same store assures
POTATOES, your satisfactory results.
0NIONS. CHAS. W. RUDD & $0".
ETC. Detroit, Michigan.

 

Ship your Hay in Plilsburgh andlu
Daniel McCaflrey Sons Company
Pittsburgh. Pa.
Bet—any bank or Mercantile Agency.

- Wh I 'l C ' ' B .
Gnggsl Fuller &' co" D9420??? 9 “811331333311 Ailing.

potatoes. poultry and rabbits. Quirk returns.

FARMERS—“b are paying good premium above
the Official Detroit. Market. for new-
laid eggs shipped direct to us by express. Write us
for information. It will pay you. American Butter
& Cheese Co. 31-33 Griswold St... Detroit. Mich.

FIRMS Mill FARM [INDS
Hill SALE Ilii EXBHINBE .

—3% miles County seat 2100. 20 cents
Improved Farms r... .0 Detroit. mm“... people.
240 bu. potstos and 75 bu. corn per acre. 330 to $79 per
acre. E. F. WINEMILLER. Pontiac. Michigan.

DELAWARE FARMS

Fruit. live stock. alfalfa. Best land near best. markets.
Address. State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware.

FOR SALE FARM and Fruit Lands. also large

tracts for stock grazing and

ranch purposes. Clay loam soil, lime rock subsoil.
near market and railroad. Address

THAI) B. PRESTON, Trustee, Onaway. Michigan.

 

 

 

MICHIGAN FARMING LAN DS

Near Saginaw and Bay City. in Gladwin and Midland
Counties. .Low prices: Ens terms: Clear title. Write
for maps and particulars. 'I‘AF‘FELD BROTHERS.
15 Merrill Building. Saginaw. (W. 8.). Michigan.

A good 81 acre farm at Free

AUCTION SALE mont. Mich. will be sold at

Public Auction Sept. 2nd. Farm is located 3 miles
north and 3 miles west of Fremont in one of the Best
Townships of Michigan fruit Belt. Good soil with
clay subsoil; surface gently rolling; adapted to either
grain or fruit, Good new8room house. basement
barn, BlIO. granary. tool house, chicken house and
hog house: 100 bearing apple trees; and 1 apple
trees 2-years-old, 400 peach trees; some cherries and
other small fruit. A nice farm home. come and bid
on it. Highest. bidder gets this prowrt . ens terms
of payment will be arranged. J. . BETTIJOHN,

 

 

owner. Write H. McCABTY, Fremont. Michigan

 

 
  

 

Good Farm machinery.“ . . .

v-More Power

PER GALLON

Emerson Type S Engines have an entirely
new arrangement of valves and spark. On a
given quantity of fuel they develop more power
than other engines of the same bore stroke
and .speed. Write today for FREE book
provmg the above seemingl extravagant
claims of superiority. A size fir

EMERSON-BRANTINGHAM. IMPLEMENT GO. flue.)

  
   
 
 
 
    

every farm.

   

40916
789 West Iron 30.. licenced. III.

  
     

 


 

THE MICHIGAN FARME‘RM

AUG. 22.1914.

 

 

152—16
lfilllllilllllllllllIllllllllllIllllilll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllll|llllllllll|HI|Illlllllllllllllll|lllllll|lllIlllll|lIllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllg
s s;
E . g
:;Farm Commerce.
s s
ElmllIllllIIlllIllllIllllIllllIlllllllllllllllIllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lll|lIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllIllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllIllllIlllllllllll||IlllllllllllllIlllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflfl

Packing for Shipment.

HOEVER has been around the

Q” great markets where produce

is handled has been struck
with the apparent carelessness with
which some, or much, that arrives, is
packed. Evidently many shippers do
not realize the necessity of correct
packing, or the need to make the
packages solid and sufficiently strong
to hold their contents and protect
them from the vicissitudes of ship-
ment.

Unquestionably, in many instances,
the appearance of the package mili-
tates against the sale of its contents.
For example, suppose a crate of cab-
bage is received. If the crate is firm,
if it has held its contents closely and
has prevented jamming, or other in-
jury, all the contents are in condition
to be sold immediately at the highest
market rate for that type of goods.
This is too self-evident to require ex-
planation, yet probably one-half the
packages of cabbages that arrive in
the great produce markets are, in
some way, insufficient to perform
their purpose and the contents have
suffered more or less, depending, per-
haps, upon the distance it has been
shipped, or upon other causes which
might not apply in all instances.

Strong Containers Required.

What is here said of cabbage ap-
plies with equal force to all other
sorts of vegetables and fruits. They
are all easily injured, all can be bruis-
ed by slight blows, or crushed by the
shifting of the crates or the load in-
side. Why is it not better to provide
a suitable package at the beginning
and thus insure safe arrival? Surely
nothing in the experience of any grow-
er or shipper warrants him in believ-
ing that goods offered in poor pack-
ages are received in as good shape as
they would be in good ones. And by
the operation of the. natural laws of
supply and demand the best looking
package will be the first sold and at
the best price.

During the past few years the type
of pacakges has changed materially
and what were once accepted as prop-
er are now refused by the best mar-
kets. In so far as this change has
gone it is an improvement, but the
opportunity for still further improve-
ment is almost as great as though
nothing had ever been done. Packages
must conform to the types of goods.
They must be, first of all, containers,
but even the most cursory examina-
tion of a proposition of this character
will force one to the conclusion that
nothing in the necessity for contain-
ers militates against the equally ob-
vious fact that these containers should
be strong and capable of performing
their duties. Furthermore, What is
the reason that they can’t look well?
Why is it necessary to ship in dirty,
or partially broken, containers? Why
is it necessary to ship in something
which is suitable only to kindle fires?
Why is it necessary to make up con-
tainers which are disgusting to look
upon and would prevent the purchase
of the contents by anyone who would
pay a fair price for the product? If
any reason exists it has never been
sufficiently emphasized to make it ap-
parent.

Profit by Others’ Experience.

Any shipper could learn much to
his advantage if he would take a leaf
or two out of the experience book of
the Californians, who have carried
this art to a degree of perfection nev~
er before attained by anyone else. If
any fault can be found with their
packing the man to point it out has
yet to be discovered.

The peach growers of Georgia have

carried the operation of packing to a

very high state of perfection, so far
as they have gone. The plan of pack-
ing in six baskets in a bushel crate
is undoubtedly the best yet devised
for the purpose of carrying peaches
safely. Many other growing sections
have already adopted the same plan,
but Georgia has developed it more
than any other.

Californians have devised methods
of packing even so rough a product as
celery in a way to make it appear at-
tractive. It is put in crates between
the slats of which the white stalks
show in a very appetizing way. But
before the Californians worked out
the scheme, celery was packed in any
old way. The difierence is so obvious
that it is not difficult to understand
one reason why celery has grown so
popular during the past few years.

The Good Qualities Need Emphasis.

The western people have invented
methods of packing apples which em-
phasize all the good qualities the ap—

ples possess, and apparently give
them more. Of course, the apple
packed in an attractive box under

lace paper is no better than the one
poured into a barrel, but it looks bet-
ter, and that goes a long way in the
sale. Not all consumers know enough
about apples to appreciate the differ-
ence in flavor of the different varie-
ties, but all can appreciate the differ-
ence in looks, and in this instance, as
in many others, the eye is a control-
ing factor in a sale. -

Indeed, it might be said without fear
of contradiction that in a majority of
transactions it is the eye which is the
real salesman. No one can determine
the flavor of fruit or vegetables until
they are ready to be eaten, but a walk
through the market will be sufficient
to impress the potential buyer with
the appearance of any product. Any
package that is partially crushed, that
is dirty, or ill shaped, will surely suf-
fer in comparison with those which
are attractive to the eye. A poor look-
ing package may contain the best of
fruits, but the average buyer will take
a chance upon the contents of the
package which looks the best. No
doubt of this in any market.

Growers Should go on the Markets.

Some growers are visiting the mar-
kets each year and are observing for
themselves what happens when an of-
fering is made. The experience is
helpful and what the commission men
and other dealers say is even more
so. It is well worth what it costs and
should be undertaken by everybody.
Or, failing that, a neighborhood might
band together and send one man with
instructions to learn all he can about
packing and what the market wants,
and return with instruction for the
others. It would thus be relatively
inexpensive and everybody Would ben-
efit. Co-operation in this, as in other
things, would be helpful and would
lead to beneficial results.

Packing must be studied more thor-
oughly than it has been yet if it is
hoped to secure the highest price for
good shipped. It must be a part of
the education of every grower and
shipper, else the best results are
quite impossible and the best prices
are scarcely ever obtained. The time
has passed for neglecting this import-
ant feature. The time has come for
making it a part of the education of
every man who grows either vegeta-
bles, or fruits, or both, for market.

New York. BURTON ALLBEE.

Alberta has been furnishing the Chi-
cago market with some hogs, and 3.
bacon house has been bringing in
some Winnipeg hogs that did not do
well on their long journey, shrinking
fully 16 lbs. per head.

PARQEL Posr MARKETING TO BE.
'ENCOURAGED.

 

A new method of salary computa-
tion for rural carriers throughout the
country went into effect on the first
of August as the result of an order
promulgated by the Postmaster-Gen-
eral, in accordance with the recent
act of Congress fixing'$1,200 as the
maximum annual pay for carriers.

Heretofore rural carriers’ salaries
have been based solely upon the num-
ber of miles' traveled, without any

consideration being given to the time W

required or the amount of work per-
formed by the carrier. Under the new
method of computing his pay, the car-
rier must transport, per day, one par-
cel post package of the maximum
weight, now prescribed by the regu-
lations, or the equivalent thereof in
any mailable matter, over the entire
length of the 24-mile route heretofore
recognized as a standard, provided
that in the event of the failure of the
carrier to carry the weight prescribed
the carrier is entitled to the limit of
compensation should it be shown by
the department’s records that he is
handling an average of 400 pieces of
mail daily.

It is also provided that on routes of
less than 24 miles in length where
carriers have been receiving less than
$1,100 a year, the former maximum
pay, an increase or decrease in pay is
to be made at the rate of $12 a year
for each thousand pieces of mail, or
for each hundred pounds of mail hand-
led monthly, not to exceed the maxi-
mum of $1,200 a year. It is also pro-
vided that an allowance of $12 a year
shall be made for each closed pouch
or sack of mail carried to post offices
located on the rural route.

According to oflicials at the post
office department, it is believed that
this new method of computing salar-
ies will inspire carriers to seek busi-
ness and their friends along the route
to patronize the service because, by
so doing, they will help the carrier.

THE CEREAL HARVESTS IN THE
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE.

 

The International Institute publish-
es a supplement to the July bulletin
of statistics, with the forecasts of
spring cereals in Russia in Europe,
and with the totals and numerical
statements for all the countries in the
Northern Hemisphere for which there
are up to now ofiicial data on the cur-
rent year’s harvest. .

The harvest of spring wheat in Rus-
sia in Europe is forecasted at 106,246,-
121 quintals, against 147,601,442 in
1913 (72.0 per cent), spring barley at
101,595,544 quintals against 119,699,-
933 (84.9 per cent), and spring cats
at 123,421,933. quintals against 160,-
475,747 (76.9 per cent).

On adding these figures to the ones
already published in the July bulletin,
the following totals are obtained:

Wheat—For the following countries
together, representing about 70 per
cent of the total production in the
Northern Hemisphere, the production
is forecasted at 668,962,270 quintals,
against 692,602,550 in 1913, or 96.6 per
cent; Belgium, Spain, England and
W'ales, Hungary, Italy, Luxemburg,
Russia in Europe, Switzerland, United
States, India, Japan and Tunis.

Rye—For the following countries
together, representing about 75 per
cent of the total production in the
Northern Hemisphere, the production
is forecasted at 358,312,515 quintals,
against 365,233,324 in 1913 or 98.1 per
cent; Prussia, Belgium, Spain, Hun-
gary, Italy, Luxemburg, Russia in Eu-
rope and Switzerland.

Barley.——For the same countries as
in the case of wheat except India, rep-
resenting about 60 per cent of the to-
tal production in the Northern Hemis-
phere, the production is forecasted at
217,922,187 quintals against 231,114,485
in 1913, or 94.3 per cent.

Oats—For the same countries as in
the case of wheat, except India and
Japan, representing about 50 per cent
of the total production in the North-
ern Hemisphere, the production is
forecasted at 341,838,768 quintals,
against 369,874,865 in 1913, or 92.4 per
cent.

For Maize and Rice the supplement
publishes harvest forecasts for the
United States, viz. 728,500,680 quintals
of maize against 621,559,422 in 1913
(117.2 per cent) and 4,694,760 quintals
of rice, against 5,254,865 in 1913 or
89.3 per cent. ' " _ ' ,_

NATIONAL CROP REPORT: .. . .

The month of July was very unfav-
orable for crops in the United States,
the composite condition of all crops
on “August 1 being 2.0.per cent below
their ten-Year ‘ average,

 

whereas on i

July 1 prospects were 1.4 per cent ‘

above the ten-year average; however,
prospects are still .50 per cent better
than the ou‘tturn of last year’s crops,
which were unusually poor.

The growing condition of the var-
ious crops on August 1, expressed in
percentages of their ten-year average
(not the normal) on August}, and
the improvement (f) or dechne (l)
during July, was as follow :

heat ............... 118.7 ! 2
Apples ............... 113.3 f 5
Lemons .............. 105.4 f .
Grapes ............... 104.7 f 1.
Raspberries .......... 104.7 f 4
Barley ............... 103. ! 5
Kaflir corn ........... 103.8 ! 4.
Sugar beets .......... 103.4 f .
Alfalfa ............... 103. ! 2
Hay (all) ............ 103.3 f4.
Peaches .............. 102.9 f 3
Oranges .............. 102.2 ! 2
Beans (drying) .... . . .101.8 ! 1
Cantaloupes .......... 101.2 f
Millet ................ 100.8 f
Hops ................. 100.0 ! 3
Broom corn ........... 100.0 !2
Buckwheat ........... 99.7 ..
Pears ................ 99.7 ! 10
Flax ................. 99.4 ! 4
Rice . . . .. ............ 99.1 f
Oats ................. 98.1 I 2.
Peanuts .............. 97.1 f 3.
Cotton ............... 95.5 ! 3.
Cabbages .............. 95.2 f 1
Potatoes ............. 95.1 f
Tomatoes ............ 93.5 f 4
Onions ............... 93.4 ! 2
Timothy .......... L. . . 91.6 f 3.
Blackberries ......... 91.4 !
Sorghum ............. 91.4 ! 1.
Pastures ............. 91.3 ! 2
Corn .................. 91.3 3 10
Clover ................ 91.2 f 6
Lima beans ........... 90.9 ..
Sweet potatoes ....... 87.3 ! 1
Sugar cane .......... 85.3 !5
Hemp ................ 82.2 ! 5
Tobacco . ............. 81.6 f3

LIVE STOCK NEWS.

 

While the influence of the great war
upon business cannot be ascertained,
there is already an indication that
other neutral countries who have been
dealing with any or all of the nations
now at war, are coming to the United
States for goods that they have been
in the habit of purchasing elsewhere.

One day last week the packers
broke the Chicago hog market 500
per cwt. It was Monday and tight
money was the chief reason accredit.
ed as the cause of the bear raid. Big
houses simply laid out of the market
until a few eastern shippers had filled
their wants. Then conditions were
r1pe for applying the lid, and prices
forthwith dropped at the speediest
pace noted in months past. It merely
emphasied the grip which big buyers
have on the market. The same day
they broke the provision list terrifical-
ly, smashing lard futures $1 and mess
pork-800. Packer domination 6f the
provismn pit has long been conceded
and it’s a daring speculator who goes
into that market with the intention
of playing the game in the opposite
direction from that taken by the “big
fellows.”

John Clay, of Chicago, than whom
there are few men with a better
knowledge of live stock conditions,
went down to the University of Illi-
nois recently to discuss cattle affairs
w1th members of the Illinois cattle
feeders’ association. Among other
th1ngs_he said: “Western cattlemen
are gomg to produce more cattle than
formerly. The readjustment is al-
ready starting in Kansas and Nebras-
ka, where farmers are realizing that
cattle raising is the best way there is
of making a living. Packers are not
responsible for the high price of beef;
they are utilizing every portion of the
carcass. Free trade is not influenc-
ing the price either. It is merely a
qu_est10n of supply and demand. Am-
erica competes with the rest of the
world in beef production and the
price of beef is settled in London.
Values of hides and of wool have in-
creased since the duty was eliminat-
ed. The great west is ideally adapted
for ranging and grazing cattle; the
middle west is adapted for feeding,
and every Illinoisfarmer should feed
cattle.”

Sheep and lambs were marketed in
very meager volume last week and as
a result of keen packer call prices
scored 60@750 advance in the sheep
trade, and fat lambs went $1 higher
at the close. A small supply of range
lambs came forward and packers toOk
natives freely as substitutes. From
an early week top of $8.10 native
lambs advanced to $9 on the close.
Prime range lambs were quoted at
$8.75 and only a medium grade of na
tives sold at $8.25, with the common
light, lambs down to 97:59 and lower.

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‘AUG. 22.11914. .

Crop and Market Notes.

Michigan.

Saginaw Co., Aug. 14.-—The wheat
crop is about all (threshed and is turn-
ing out well., Every binder is busy on
the oat crop, which looks fine, but
does not yield as heavily as expected.
Straw too big. The pickle factories
have begun to take the cucumber
crop. The hay crop is not so large as
expected. Holstein-Friesian Club will
make a trip to Howell August 20, to
inspect cattle. Butter—fat 280; eggs
18c per dozen.

Ottawa Co., Aug. 12.——The scevere
drought was ended by a rain on the
tenth. Had the dry weather contin-
ued much longer potatoes, beans and
corn would have suffered. Only a lit-
tle plowing has been done. Cloverseed
harvest will be small. Average yield
of wheat will be between 20 and 30
bushels per acre. Oats are not yield-
ing very heavy. Hay cut about one
and a half tons per acre. Fruit pros-
pects are not very good. Not many
hogs being marketed at present.

Mecosta Co., Aug. 11.—The weather
conditions have been almost ideal so
that corn, potatoes, beans and new
seeding are looking fine. Hay was a
fair crop. Hogs are more plentiful
than usual. Pasture has been good
all summer. There will be a few late
apples and pears, but no peaches and
plums. The farmers sell so much of
their cream that good dairy butter is
not produced in large enough quanti-
ties to supply the home market. But
ter-fat 240; good dairy butter 300;
eggs 17c; chickens 14c; hens 10c.

Delta Co., Aug. 9.—The month of
July was very warm and wet; crops

look good; haying is all done, only‘

about half a crop, owing to dry weath-
er in June and June frosts; not much
grain out yet; oats and wheat a good
crop; potatoes good where they came
up; lots of missing hills in some of
the fields; others with same kind of
potatoes and same kind of seed and
care are a perfect stand, only differ-
ent time of planting. Not much be
ing marketed now; fruit is a failure in
some localities; half a crop else-
where. Milch cows in good demand
at $70@80; pigs scarce and some are
dying from cholera; new hay selling
for $13@14 a ton. ,

New York.

Niagara Co., Aug. 11.—~—Corn is look-
ing reasonabl good for our continued
dry spell. otatoes will be good if
rain comes. Wheat was a big crop;
oats large acreage but light and short
on account of drouth. Just beginning
to harvest oats. Beans are fine and
selling at $1.75 per bushel. New po-
tatoes $1.75. Early apples are abund—
ant but the Buffalo market is very
low; the local market pays 50c per
bushel and furnishes baskets. Good
prospects for late apples; pears are
fair but have needed lots of spraying;
no peaches. Just picking plums and
getting 10c a basket for 6 lbs. There
is only half .a crop. Prunes are very
scarce. Butter and eggs 230.

Columbia Co., Aug. 11.—Corn prom-
ises fair; potatoes, early, good; late
need rain. Beans fair; not many on-
ions grown, but very good. Some
plowing done for rye. Oats are short
but well filled. Hay half a crop. Ap-
ples, where sprayed, are good. No
peas or peaches. Pear trees badly
blighted. Timothy hay $20 per ton;
eggs 250; fowls 14c; chickens 18c;
potatoes $2.50 per bbl; onions $1.50
per bushel; cabbage $3 per 100.

New Jersey.

Monmouth Co., Aug. 13.-—Corn, on-
ions and potatoes look well; very few
beans and no cloverseed at all raised
here. Wheat and oats yielded well;
hay was short. Less hogs and other
live stock than usual; a good crop of
apples, pears and peaches; apples sell
for 50@80c per bushel; peaches 50c@
$1 per basket; potatoes 550.

Pennsylvania.

Montgomery Co., Aug. 10.—~Weather
is very warm and is beginning to get
dry. The corn and potatoes and gar-
den truck look good, but if the pres-
ent heat continues they will soon need
rain; there is not much truck raised
for market, except in some sections
there are some tomatoes raised for
the factory. Hay is a little better
than was expected, on account of the
late rains. Oats fair; not very much
threshing done yet. Peaches, apples
and pears look fair, not many market-
ed in this section. Not many hogs and
live stock raised here. Butter 280:
eggs 250; spring chickens, dressed
250 per lb; milk, at creamery $1.45.

Perry Co., Aug. 7.-—~Corn promises
to be 25 per cent above crops of the
past two years. Potatoes are about
half a crop, due to blight. Cloverseed
looks promising, wheat is threshing
from eight to 10 bushels per acre;
oats from 18 to 32 bushels per acre.
About a normal amount of live stock,
except hogs, which are scarce. Pears
and peaches are a fair crop; a light
crop of apples. Eggs are 19c; butter
20c; wheat 75c; corn $1; oats 45c;

chickens, young gfic.
' ' l0. _
Hancock Co., Aug. 11.—-Threshing

THE- NILCHLGAN FARMER.

out of field nearly completed. Wheat
made. a good average from, 20 to 28
bushels per acre. Few fields below
20 bushels per acre. Oats made a fair
yield. Some plowing done for wheat.
Good rains came yesterday and Sun-
day, the first for several weeks. Pas-
tures were short but starting nicely;
corn looks good, although some may
not ear up so well, the rain coming
a little late. Apples and pears will
make a fair crop. Peaches will make
a small yield. Hogs are healthy with
the usual number on hand; are sell-
ing at 9@91/éc; wheat 860 per bu;
corn 75c; oats 350; eggs 19c; butter
24c; potatoes $1 per bu; apples 60c
per bu; timothy seed $2.50; early clo-
ver looks good, but very little late,
selling from $7@8.

Fairfield Co., Aug. 10.——Very little
rain in July and thus far in August.
Corn and pasture are in bad shape.
Wheat is yielding from 15 to 28 bush-
els per acre. Corn will not average
over one-fourth of a crop. Oats are
light; so is hay. Very little clover
hay made, and cloverseed will hardly
amount to anything. Apples are drop-
ping more than usual and will be
about onehalf a crop. Peaches will
be light but the quality promises to
be good. Pears fair; potatoes light.
Wheat 780 per bushel; corn 80@90c;
oats 400; rye 60c; potatoes retail at
$1; apples 500 per bushel; butter
25c; eggs 220; peaches retail at 8c
per lb; hogs 7%@8c; fat cattle are
scarce at $7@81/zc.

Shelby Co., Aug. 12.—General rains
have helped farmers. Early potatoes
are scarce but looking good. Clover-
seed will be about half a crop. Prep.
aration' for wheat seeding well ad-
vanced. Wheat yield is from 10 to 15
bushels per acre. Oats were a fairly
good crop; hay averaged about 00
tons per acre. Hogs are high and
scarce, and so are cattle. Apples and
peaches a total failure here. Hogs $9;
cattle $6@7.50; wheat 80c per bushel;
corn $1.02 per cwt; oats 340 per bush-
el; eggs 18c; butter-fat 25c.

Harrison Co., Aug. 10.—Very dry
and everything is burning up; corn is
badly injured. Wheat was very good,

from 15 to 30 bushels per acre; cast

30 to 40 bushels; prospects for clover-
seed very poor; no plowing done as
yet, for wheat ground is too dry and
dusty. Prospect for late apples very
good; a good crop of early apples.
There will be a good crop of pears;
very few peaches; there are no buy-
ers looking for fruit yet. Not many
hogs grown for market in this coun-
ty; butter-fat 270; eggs 230; no wheat
or oats selling; pastures burned up
and farmers are selling their cattle:
fat cattle 71/2@80; potatoes not more
than half a crop.

Crawford Co., Aug. 10.——VVe had a
few nice showers the ninth, and are
in need of more. Corn and potatoes
had been suffering owing to the hot
and dry weather; beans and onions
are not raised as a market crop, only
for home use; both are a fair crop
and of good quality. Cloverseed will
be a small yield; the wheat yield will
average 20 bushels per acre. Some
oats to harvest yet, and the crop is
fair. 'Some farmers began plowing,
but ground turns up hard. We must
have rain before any sowing prepara-
tion can be made. Farmers are well
stocked with live stock comparing
with the feed pastures as they are
drying up and cows are decreasing in
milk yield. Price on butter-fat is one
cent above Elgin; eggs 180.

Indiana.

Noble Co., Aug. 11.—We have been
experiencing a very severe drouth,
which has only been partially broken.
Late rains .have helped late potatoes
and some of the corn which was not
too far advanced. Oat threshing has
begun and the yield is quite good.
Farmers are now making their second
crop of alfalfa hay. Apples are very
scarce, bringing 900@$1 per bushel.
Other fruits are also scarce, although
some orchards promise well for wint-
er apples. Farmers are selling a good
many cattle now on account of short

pasture; prices range from $7@8.50
per cwt. Wheat 94c; oats 400; corn
75c; hogs $8.50@9.25; chickens 12@

140; eggs 190.
Illinois.

Perry Co., Aug. 11.-—Green corn is
selling at 24@400 per dozen ears, and
not plentiful at that. As to potatoes,
the county has not raised as many as
were planted for seed. About all the
ground that can be prepared for
wheat is to cut corn off and sow the
corn ground. Only about one inch
of rain has fallen since April 7, (only
small showers which soon dry up).
The farmers are selling off their stock
as they have no feed or pasture. Fruit
is small and scarce. Apples and
peaches $1@1.25 per bushel; Wheat
75c; corn 850 (but no corn to sell);
butter 250: eggs 19c; tomatoes 100 a
pound, Whereas in most years they
are about 40c per bushel in August.

Wisconsin.

Waukesha Co., Aug. 10.—-A fine rain
today, the first in two weeks; corn
was suffering, also late potatoes. Corn

(Continued on page 151). 1

 

 

 

\

17—153

 

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THE MICHIGAN

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FAR'MER

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NEW NET WEIGHT LAW EFFECTS
HONEY PRODUCERS.

 

The passage of the foods and drugs
act of March 3, 1913, providing for the
marking of the net weight on all food
containers affects the beekeepers, and
everyone should make himself ac-
quainted with the provisions of the
act, that he may not find himself with
the severe penalty upon himself for
the selling of honey. September 3 is
the date on which the law becomes
effective.

Any honey on the market at that
date that does not bear the net weight
will be subject to penalty. The only
method that will enable the packer
to escape the penalty will be that he
is able to prove that the honey was
packed before September 3. The bur-
den of proof rests with the packer.

Every producer, honey dealer, com-
mission man,'or beekeepers’ associa-
tion should relabel all honey now in
their possession, to show the net
weight of the honey exclusive of the
frame, section, carton or glass.

Marking the Weight.

The average weight of a section of
honey will run from 131/; to 14 ounces,
including the wood, and as the section
weighs near one ounce, makes the net
weight 121/2 or 13 ounces. The law in
regards to selling by the case would
effect the general practice to some
extent. In selling by the numeral
count, no section should Weigh less
than the minimum specified on it. The

which it is ordinarily examined by the
purchaser is taken into consideration.

The quantity of the contents shall
be marked in the terms of the largest
unit contained in the package. For
example: If the package contains a
pound or pounds and a fraction of
pounds, the contents shall be express-
ed in pounds and fraction thereof, or
in pounds and ounces, not merely in
ounces.

The quantity of the contents may
be stated in terms of minimum weight
or minimum count. For example:
Minimum weight 14 ounces; minimum
volume one gallon; not less than 13
ounces. In all cases the statement
must approximate the actual contents.
There will be no tolerance below the
stated minimum. Beekeepers should
remember in regards to this that hon-
ey will decrease in Weight when left
in a warm room and in the storing
of it.

Marking Extract Honey.

In case of extracted honey in tin
cans or barrels, it is permissible to
mark the volumetric weight, as gat-
lon, half gallon, quart, etc. The aver-
age buyer would prefer the net weight
of the contents because a gallon of
thin honey may spoil on his hands;
and in any cases is not as valuable as
a. gallon of well ripened honey. Bot-
tled honey must show the net weight
of the honey, exclusive of the glass
container.

The general tendency of the law
will reduce the price of comb honey

 

 

 

Two Productive Hens in their Novel Nest.

law does not say that the container
cannot weigh more than the specified
amount, but it does say it shall not
weigh less. In selling from cartons
the law can be easily complied with
by having the cartons printed three
weights. Where one does not sell
honey in cartons he may use a rubber
stamp to mark each section, using an
indelible ink which is non-fading, and
non-blurring, so it will not be affected
by the weather or dampness. It would
be best to have on hand three or more
stamps, each with a different weight
designated. They should read about
as follows: Net weight over 13
ounces. These stamps will cost 15
cents for the regular and 20 cents for
one that has a cushion rubber at the
base of the rubber type. The cushion
rubber stamps are the best as they
will not affect the honey when stamp-
ing the section.
Requirements of the Law.

To sum up the law as it relates to
the beekeeper, we may lay down the
following rules:

The quantity of the contents of all
packages of honey must be plainly
and conspicuously marked on the out-
side of the covering or container usu-
ally delivered to the customer. The
quantity so marked shall be the
amount of food in the package and
the statement of ~the quantity of the
contents shall be such characters as
to readily be seen and clearly legible,
when the size of the pacage under

unless the beekeeper is careful in the
manner in which he sells his honey.

A case of honey which formerly sold
for $3.00 for the 24 sections, we would
average up so as to make the lean
and fat combs of average uniform
weight per case. Under the new law
if the sections are sold by.numerical
count, then the producer must have
each section not less than a certain
minimum weight. Whatever is above
the minimum the dealer is giving to
his customer. To take care of this
loss the producer can weigh each sec-
tion and then sell the case by Weight,
the sum of the weights of the sec-
tions.

A Good Plan.

A plan which we used in the sec-
ond largest city in the United States,
and which worked Well and gave
much satisfaction, can be worked to
excellent advantage in connection with
this law. Each section was weighed
on a small spring scale. The sections
weighing 13 ounces could be put in a
case by themselves, likewise the oth-
er weights. When the case is full,
with the rubber stamp or label, each
section could be given its net weight.
The cases could then be sold to the
grocer as a case of 12 or 12, 13 or 14
ounce sections, as the case may be.

Some grocers wish a section that‘

will sell for 20 cents and some prefer
one that will retail for 25 cents. With
the sections all of one weight, much
bother is done away with. Each sec-

 

AUG. 22, 1914.

tion of a certain? weight and cost is
the same. We are able to get two
cents per pound more for the honey
so put up.
Shiawassee Co. N. F. GUTE.

TWO GOOD LAYERS.

 

Between last Christmas and the
middle of May of this year, the two
single-comb Rhode Island Red pullets
shown in the picture laid 225 eggs.
This pair of layers are occupying a
buggy seat, and it was in this double
nest that the faithful fowls did all of
their excellent work. The buggy was
kept in the barn all winter, and is
now shown outdoors where it was run
to get the picture. The hens are now
setting and the vehicle will remain
out of any further use until two
broods are brought out.

The birds selected the place of
their own choice, and they were al-
lowed to use it for that purpose for
140 days, during which the two pro-
duced a fraction over an egg and a
half a. day. Another average shows
that each hen laid about 113 eggs in
140 days.

With these pullets was a double-
comb Rhode Island Red cockerel, and
the trio was fed ordinary poultry feed
of grain and grit thrown among straw.
At all times they had the run of the
yards and the adjoining prairies.

The chickens are owned by Merrill
M’Gawn, Cook county, Illinois.

Illinois. J. L. GRAFF.

PLUCKING THE GEESE.

 

Considerable revenue may be ob-
tained from the feathers of geese by
plucking the birds at regular inter~
vals. There is always a market for
these at from 50 to 75 cents a pound.
In some markets the pure white
feathers of Embdens will command a
higher price than those of colored
geese.

After the laying and hatching sea-
son is over the mature birds may be
plucked about every six weeks. The
early goslings may also be plucked
during the latter part‘ of August and
again in October, provided they are
not being fattened for market at this
last date. Of course, the feathers
should never be plucked in winter nor
during the laying season, as the birds
cannot produce eggs and feathers at
the same time.

Some people never pick their geese
for the reason that they regard the
job as too unpleasant for both goose
and picker. Yet it is not at all a
cruel practice when the weathers are
ripe, as no pain is then caused the
bird. And if not plucked at this time,
the feathers will be lost over the
yards. To determine when the feath-
ers are ripe, that is, before they reach
the stage that they drop out over the
yards, try a small bunch and if they
pull readily and the quills are free
from blood, then they are ripe enough
to pluck without delay. If they are
not ripe when pulled they will not be
of a good grade and the work of
plucking. will cause pain and injury to
the bird. Pull only the small feathers
and keep them as clean as possible.
This work will be more pleasant if
the birds are not fed or watered for
at least 12 hours before plucking. The
work of plucking should be attended
to regularly in order to obtain the
greatest profit from" the fowls.

A full-grown goose will yield be-
tween one-fourth and one-half pound
of feathers at a picking. To cure the
feathers properly, put them in muslin
sacks and hang in a dry place. A lit.
tle sunning will not hurt, but don’t
expose too long to the hot sun. The
feathers are ready for use in about
three months after picking.

Indiana. W. F. PURDUE.

 

Sanitation is the first essential in
the prevention and cure of diseases.
Sanitation means cleanliness; there-
fore, “clean up," if the chickens are
not doing well.

 

l
,1
l
1
IS

 

 

 


 

«mi-3:;—

. ..

 

l
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_ ———._.~——~*p. F~n .,,_. --~.~.———v_v- 4-..,1 4»» 4 4. A..__ .—~ “4......"

 

 

. AF .._..-~.;....- r“ a... Lucas-.1». . . ....;._,..-.

and. 22. 1914. ,

gill!illllllliillllllilliliiiIlllllilIlilllIlllllillillillilillilllllllliliillllllllllliliiillllllllllllilIllliilllll"HE

Veterinary. g

EllilililillllllillllllllilliliiililllilllIllilillllliiilllillllllIlllllii|lilliliilllllillllllllllllllliilllllllllllliilE
CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.

Advice through this department is
free to our subscribers. Each com-
munication should’state history and
symptoms of the case in full; also
name and address of writer. Initials
only will be published. Many quer-
ies are answered that apply to the
same ailments. If this column is
watched carefully you will probably
find the desired information in a re-
ply that has been made to someone
else. When reply by mail is request-
ed. it becomes private practice, and a
fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.

    

 

 

Contagious Abortion—For the past
two years my 18-year-old mare has
foaled two months too early and, of
course, both colts were dead. Dur-
ing the Winter I fed her a teacupful of
wheat once a day, and thinking per-
haps this may have caused her to mis-
carry, I would like your advice. F.
C. R., Hart, Mich—Feeding wheat has
a tendency to produce too much bow-
el action in some animals; however,
I do not believe it had anything to do
with causing your mare to abort. Give
her 2 drs. of Methylene Blue at a dose
in feed once a day for two weeks.
Dissolve 1% drs. of permanganate of
potash in a gallon of water and wash
out vagina daily for two weeks. It is
a question which is not easy to an-
swer, whether it will pay you to breed
her again, or not.

Sweeny.—Have a colt three years
old that is sweenied and I would like
to know if it will do any harm to
work him; also, tell me what to put
on shoulder. E. H., Hanover, Mich.—
Clip hair off shoulder and apply one
part cantharides and six parts fresh
lard to shoulder three times a month.
If the colt is lame, working will have
a tendency to prevent recovery.

Heifer Gives Bloody Milk—I have a
promising heifer that is inclined to
give bloody milk; she has been fresh
five weeks and appears to be in per-
fect condition. H. K. M., Napoleon,
Mich—There is a cause for your heif-
er giving bloody milk and if you can
remove it, she will get well. If it is
over-feeding, cut down her food sup-
ply. Dissolve 14 1b. acetate of lead in
a gollon of water and apply to injured
quarter three times a day.

Abscess on Shoulder.—Last Novem-
ber my mare went lame; local Vet.
injected something into shoulder, op-
ened abscess and let out one quart of
pus; then shoulder healed. Later on
matter formed and the shoulder has
never gotten entirely well, but when-
ever she stops or stands still she
points forefoot. W. . A., Fremont,
Mich—The pointing of foot indcates
low-down lameness. Apply cerate of
cantharides to coronet and shoulder
every week or ten days, and if the
shoulder is in a suppurating condi-
tion, sinuse and wall of abscess should
be cut out, then apply one part iodo-
form and nine parts boracic acid
daily.

Liver Disease—Lately I have lost
a few chickens and the first symptoms
are slight lameness, then I find the
bird dead. On post mortem examina-
tion the liver is found to be enlarged
to twice its natural size, of a very
dark color and the abdominal cavity
seems filled with a bloody water sub-
stance. These hens are not poor, just
in good order, have free range, fed
wheat. corn, oats, barley, and occa-
sionally soft feed. G. W. L., Dans-
ville, Mich.——I do not believe that you
will lose many of your fowls from this
liver trouble and peritonitis preceding
this ascites, or abdominal dropsy.
Give them 1 gr. of powdered nitrate of
potash and 1 gr. of bicarbonate soda
at a dose in feed or in a little water
two or three times a day. I do not
believe that many of your flock are
affected.

Opacity of Cornea—I have a horse
that is blind in both eyes; the eye
ball is covered with a white sub-
stance. G. B., Gobleville, Mich.——It
is possible that this is a case of cat-
aract and if so nothing can be done
to restore vision; however, you might
try giving 1 dr. doses of potassium
iodide twice a day and blow a small
quantity of calomel into eyes daily. It
is needless to say that a bright light
always irritates an inflamed eye.

Bruised Shoulder—Barbed Wire Cut.
——For the past two months my three-
year-old colt has had a bunch on each
side of shoulder high up, but does not
appear to cause much soreness. I
would also like to know of a good
remedy for barbed Wire cut. G. .
P.,‘ Bear Lake, Mich—Dissolve 11; lb.
of sugar of lead in a gallon of water,
adding a pint of tincture of arnica,
then apply to swollen shoulder three
times a day. Apply equal parts of
powdered alum, made of zinc and bor-
acic acid to wire cut twme a day.

Sore Lip.—-—I have a yearling heifer
that rubbed the hide off from her un-

 

 

THE .MICHIGAN FARMER

    
   
 

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EnSIIage Cutter

Best for Over 30 Years

Strongest. safest. most durable and
capable cutter ever perfected. Runs
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expense, prevents waste. We also build
(patented) Enclosed Steel Carriers which
keep feed from blowing away. Get full par-
ticulars of the Freeman Line before buying
-it means satisfaction and money-saving
to you Write for catalog today.

THE S FREEMAN &. SONS CO.
212 .Michigan Ave.
cine. Wis.

       
       
       
   
   
         
    

  
  

‘ 7 2"»1; A

   

 

reserve silage perfectly. They are substantially
uilt alo correct lines. “Zyro” Silos cannot
ink and are practically trouble proof.
All sizean-Ito for FREE Catalog N0".

.; Tells the complete story of “Z c”
‘ Silos. Ask for it To- ay.

3-: euros anvsnr co.

" 1. Box 20antoa,0hlo

 

 

FOX, COON AND RABBIT HOUNDS

Broke to gun and field. Price right. Fox and
Coon hound pups $5 each. Stamp for reply.
H. C. LYTLE. Fredericksburg. Ohio.

FOR SALE—Gray 2-year-old Percheron Stallion.
weighing 1700 pounds. 24 months old.
Price. 8500. M. A. BRAY, Okemos. Ingham 00., Mich.

Registered Percherons,
BROOD MARES. FILLIES AND YOUNG
STALLIONS at prices that will urprlse you.
L. C. HUNT & (30.. Eaton Rapi 3, Michigan.

FOR SALE—Registered weanling Stallion
Colts from our best Percheron

Mares. Write, R. S. HUDSON. Ilichlgan. Agri-

cultural College. E. Lansing, Michigan.

ONE HUNDRED HEAD 0‘ SW0" 03“”
Steers and Heifers

ready for‘to sell at once. Five cars of two-year-old

score will be ready for to sell Oct. 15, 1914.

J. B. GARDNER,Cadlllac. Michigan. L, B. 437.

BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.
CATTLE.

ABERDEEN ANGUS

Bull calves and yearlings ready for service. Hired
by Louis of Viewpont Closely related to five
Grand Champions—Brother. Sister. Sire. Site's
Brother and Grandsire. (International Grand Champ-
ion for three years in succession. Prices $75 up. Will
meet prospective purchasers either at Somerset,
Addison or Addison Junction.

You are bound to get. good calves from these bulls
even with strongly dairy type grade cows.

GEO. B. SMITH 6 CO.. '

ADDISON AND SOMERSET. MICHIGAN.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS

HERD FOUNDED IN 1900.
Strains represented consist of Trojan Ericas, Black-
birds and rides, only. Black Quality Ito, a bull of
rare indiViduality and merit. heads the herd.
\‘VOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionic. Mich.

 

 

 

 

 

 

MILO D. CAMPBELL. CHAS. J. ANGEVINE.

BEACH FARM
GUERNSEYS

lVe have for sale imported and
home bred Bull Calves, guaranteed
free from tuberculosis. They are
fine and have had the best of care.
Send for sale list, or what is better
for both parties, come and see them.

CAMPBELL &. ANGEVINE, Coldwaier, Mich.

 

 

 

6 —Famous May Rose Strain. A select herd.
IIOI’IISIYS Tub. Tested. Several A. It. 0. Cows.
J.K. Blatohford, Windermere Farm.Watervliet.Mich.

 

re have for sale a number of pure Guernsey cows.
heifers and bulls. also Berkshire hogs.
.VILLAGE FARM. Grass Lake. Michigan.
Zslx months old

HEREFORD BUL 1 18 monthsoid.
ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw, Michigan.
nesssdslrggmstra HE REFORDS

and 15 months old. Clark ct Van Wormer, Purina. Mich.

A Chance To Get Just What You Want.

10 A. B. O. cows. YOUR CHOICE of my entire herd.
4 service bulls. one to three years old. ' very choice
bull calves. If you are wanting Holstelns, you
better take advantage of this oportunity.

L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.

 

 

Hoistein-Friesian Breeder‘fi'fig’ orbit“. £2393

represented. D. D. AITKEN. Flint. Michigan.

HOLSTEINS & BERKSHIRE-£395,313;

priced reasonable. B. B. BEAVEY. Akron. Mich.

TIIE TIIREE BEST RolSTEIN CATTLE
Poland China Hogs and S. C. White Leghorns.
FOREST SIDE STOCK FARM
M. H. Chamberldn

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jr. Prop.. Romeo. men.

Very cthoice Holstein Bulls

A Farmers Prices.
Long Beach Farms. Augusta. Kalamazoo 00.. Mich.

I have on band 100 high grade
“OIStEin cows Heifers, age 6 mo. to 2% yrs.. lots
of quality and in good condition. Also a fine selection
of full matured cows. Arthur Birkhols, New Buffalo.Mich.

Registered Holstein Heifer Zgafihggficm‘;

dark markings. nice dairy form. 8160 delivered,

more for your money than others give you.
HOB ART W. FAY, Mason, Michigan.

 

 

 

OLeTEIN FRIESIAN CATTLE. Bulls for sale.
the kind that. will satisfy or money refunded.
“JONES & LUTZ. Oak Grove. Michigan.

 

' —Full brother to the triplets (see Mich.
"Okla“ ca“ Farmer March 10. 1914 issue.) cousin to
Pontiache Nillander. Martin McLaulin. Redford, Mich.

H | t ' —-11 High Grade Holstein heifers from Heavy
o 3 Sin: Mllkers. Also Registered Bull. Price for
the bunch 31ml) F. 0. B. J. C. BARNEY, Goldwater. Mich.

BIGELOW’S ROLSTEIN FARMS

Breedsvllle. Michigan.
Breeder of high class

Registered Holsteins.
“Top=Notch” Holsteins.

Extra large fine young bull. % white. born Oct. 4, 1913.
Dam has official record of 29.40 lbs. butter in 7 days,
117.50 lbs. in 30 day s. Sire's dam is a 22.64 lb, 4 yr.—old
daughter of a 30.59 lb. cow.

McPHERSON FARMS CO.. Howell. Michigan.

 

 

 

Hill s‘LE—At reasonable prices Registered Holstien
Friesian Youn Sires o world's record
breeding. HATCH HER , Ypsilanti, Michigan.
REGISTERED HOLSTEINS—Herd headed by Albina
Bonte Butter Boy No. 93124. whose darn has semi-
ofllciai yearly record. Butter 802 lbs. Milk 186221lis. as a.
2-yr.-old. No stock for sale. W. B. Render. Howell, Mich.
$100 BUYS express paid. high record. registered
eight. months old HOLSTEIN BULL

26-lb. sire. King Segis and Hengerveld De Kol blood.
BIVERVIEW FARM. B.No. 8, Vassar. Mich.

ESPANORE FARM,
LANSING, MICH.

Register’d Holsteins

Bull Calves $50 to $200.

 

An absolute guarantee with each purchase.
CHASE S. OSBOBN. i Owners . HAT 2H.
ADAM E. FERGUSON. ' Supt.

 

u'urebrcd Registered

HOLSTEIN CATTLE

The Greatest Dairy Breed
Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets
flolstein-f‘riesien. Asso..Box 164. Brattloboro.Vt.

JERSEYS—Bull calves nearly ready for service.
Sired by Jacoba's Fairy Emanon 107111.
SMITH &. PARKER. Howell. Michigan.

 

 

 

MAPLE Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd—Tu-
berculin tested by [1.8. Government. Bull calves
from cows in R. of M. test. Heifer calves whose dams,
grand-dams. and great grand-dams are in the Register
of Merit. IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.

NOW IN SERVICERings%’égi;fplfi.‘iiiioli?3.riifil

GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. lVIIchigan.

HILL CREST JERSEYS.

I would sell two or three young cows. Come and
see them. A herd of 20 to choose from.
8. B. WATTLES. Troy. Michigan.

Lllllo Farmstead Jerseys
(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber-
culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out. of
good dairy cows for sale. No females for sale at
present. Satisfaction aranteed.

COLON C. LILY. . Cooper-ville. Mich.

J ERS Eys—YEARLING BULL READY FOR
SERVICE. Also bull calves.
Brookwater Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.

 

 

 

 

 

J E R8 EYS “£32 1333 (:Iferi‘eofkfam:

write A. P. EDISON. Sec. M. J. C. O ‘26 W. Bridge,
Grand Rapids. Mich. If a breeder and a member
of M. J. C. 0. send list of stock for sale to the above.

BUTTER BRE massage“
CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.
Silver Creek. Ailegan County. Michigan.

 

 

Dairy Brad Shorlhorns, A Few Females For Sale.
J. B. HUMMEL, Mason. Michigan.

 

FOR SALE‘iosi‘ltihzis'll’éi'éfi?claim

H. B. PETERS. Burton RAH. Sta. Elsie, Michigan.

 

Shill'lhonis $500 buys two cows three and four yrs..
one yearling heifer and two calves six
month. A. A. PATTULLO. Deckerville.Michigan.

 

horthorns—Bulls and females. all ages. Tell, just
what you want. Also . ‘- Hogs. Oxford Sheep.
C. W. l'runi, Sec. Cent. Mich. Shorlhorn Ass‘n. . MeBrides. Mich.

 

 

SHEEP.

 

 

l'l' PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED SHEEP
OF PARSONS Eletfmpen
I sell and ship every-
where and pa ex—
‘_ presschnrges. T will
start one man in each
.. ‘ twp. Write for club
-- offer and descriptive
, , ' . Oxfords,
' EbroFshirt‘zs, 5m-
“ eta an Foiled-
Delainea.

. é .
-' "r..‘..'_!.'r2;'.':-'/":.' '
Grand Ledge, Michigan R l

 
  
 
 

 

 

 

 

Oxforddown Yearlings and Ram Lambs
M. F. GANSSLEY, Lennon. Michigan.

H008.

 

 

' ' —A few extra Sept. Boers and bunch
illll‘llcSliNlcllirlls of Gilts for list of April furrow.
M. '1‘. STORY. Lowell, Mich.. Citizens Phone 55.

BERKSHIRES

stock. ELMHURS

March. A ti] and May 1 :the bi .
o- l- c- growthy Ir nd that alwaysplgkes cod,
LIMUEL NICHOLS. RED. No. 2. Lawrence. ich.

 

Choice spring boars and gilts.
rioed to move quick. Farmers
STOCK FARM. Almcnt. Mich,

 

 

19—-155

' —Re . Bred Guts—Orders taken for
cheSior While: sprin‘g pigs and Collie ups. holstein
Bulls at Bargains. BAY B. PARHAM. ronson. Mich.

0 I C —Take orders for springfiigs. One 8 mo. fine
~ 0 - type Jersey Bu 1. rice reasonable.
N. H. Weber. OakView Farm. Royal Oak. Michigan.

 

0 I c -—Bred sows and spring pigs. large and growthy.
- - I Pairs and trios, not akin. rite your wants.
GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zeeland. Mich.

0 l C —gilts bred for June and July furrow. Also
' ' ° vrin igs. Serviceable boars all sold.
(5. g. ANDREWS. Dansville, Mich.

I pay express.
5 All sold. “'ould be leased to book
0' II c 5 your order for spri’ng igs,
C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.

 

O I C ’ —La_rgo boned. shipped on approval,
I I Swain-i not akin, registered free.
J. W. HO ELL. Elsie. Michigan.

 

hoicely Brod Chester Whites. Spring pigs either sex pedi-
gree furnished. Sent C. O. 1). subject to examination. for
prices and breeding. Address. John Gintling, Bronson. Mich.

 

O I ’ —Spring pigs. pairs and trims. not
. s S akin. from state fair winners.
AVONDALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.
0 I 0 Choice pigs. two to four mos., the
o I I long bodied kind. Serviceable boars.
D ALVIN V. HATT. Grass Lake. Michigan.

0. l. C’s‘gtiifl’ assassin 5....
A. R. GRAHAM. FLINT. MICHIGAN.
o. l. c. SPRING PIGS"ii:¥21f‘;'i‘§ an as

pigs. H W. DIANN, Dansvllle. Michigan.

 

 

 

 

o I c SWiRU—Mm Holstein Bull calf sired by a 26-lb.
- - - son of Ypsiland Sir Korndyke DeKol.
Clover Leaf Stock Farm, R. No. 1, Monroe, Mich.

' —-May I have the pleas-
O. In C. SWlne ure of receiving your
order for a. pair or trio. not skin. of April
and May furrow. They are bred right. Satisfaction
guaranteed. A. J. GORDEN. R. No. 2. Don. Mich.

0 I C, -—I have a. fine lot of last OCT.
. - Sq GILTS. bred. Weight :00 to 350.
Also last spring BUARS, Half mile west of Depot.
Nashville. Michigan. OTTO B. SCHULZE.

DUROC JERSEY BOARS

Spring Pigs and Yearlings

 

 

From Prize-Winning Stock

Special Prices for 30 Days.
Write. or better still. come.

Brookwaier Farm, Ann Arbor,Mich.,H.F.D 7.

UROC JERSEYS— Fail gills of the large, heavy
boned type. bled for Augj and So is. furrow. Also
spring pigs, not akin. l“. J. rodt, R. . Monroe. Mich.

DUROCS—A good growthy fall pig immuned
and bred for August farrow will
make you money. Give me your order now for
May shl ment. Also fall boars ready for service.
KOP) KON FARM, Klnderhook. Michigan.

 

 

 

Fancy bred Duroo Jerseys—Boers & Gilts of spring dc
summer furrow. Gotd individuals at reasonable
prices. John McNicoli, Station A. R4. Bay City. Mich.

Killill-EL 8100K FIRM $2.23: 3.??? ifiiifiiliif:

prices. E. ii. CORNELL. Howell, Michigan.

DUROC JERSEYS, Bred Gills For Sale.

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.

DUROC JERSEYS—351335.15?" 3333' “S? 3‘

STAHL)IAN,Cherry Lawn Farm.R.2,S epherd.MIich:

 

 

 

 

AMPSHIRE Swine—Breedinastock of all ages
. from most popular strains. 'rite for breeding,
Inspection invited. Floyd Myers. Ii. 9, Decatur, 1nd.

POLANIl CHIVAS—€333 Eifiiermsein‘iullw?

Prices right. W. J. HAGELSHAW, Augusta, Ml’ch.

L‘HGE llPE P c —Largest in Mich. Fall pigs all
. - sold. order a spring ig sired
by thelargest bear in the U. 8.. weight. lbs.. 24
months old. Come and see. Expenses
represented, \l'. E. LIVINGSTON,

BIG TYPE POLAND CRINAS—i3é’aaa'y ”335
new homes. They are corker's and immunedJ
WM. WAFFLE. Goldwater. Michigan.

' fth l' t . M ‘.

POiaIIli Chinas Yarrois. “Cilheyplgind filial} sggsélilli
customers. A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Mich.

 

 

aid if not as
arma, Mich.

 

 

 

LARGE styled Poland China Spring Pigs. older
sows bred for fall furrow. Also Shorthorn

Bull calves. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson, Michigan.

 

F0" SALE—A choice bunch of March and April boar
pigs. a few herd headers. Prices reasonable.

Satisfaction guaranteed. R. “2 Mills, Saline, Mich.

 

UTLER’S Big Boned Prolific Poland Chinas. Grow

big, has easy. mature early. ready for market at
Brnonths. ’hy? Because we've bred them that way
for more than 20 yrars. We have 25 big boned sows
for fall furrow. Buy one and make more money on
your hogs. You can't get any better at any rice.
PC. History Free. J. c. BUTLER. Portland. ich.

Mule Foot

faction guaranteed.

 

Bred sows. bred gilts and boar
pigs. not related. for sale. Sula
. C. KREGLOW. Ada. Ohio

 

YORKSHIRE Swine—March & Apr. pigs ready to ship,
Pairs not. akin. College Princess and Cooks Bacon
foundation stock. Geo. S, McMullen.Grand Ledge.Mich.

 

' —(‘ilts bred for early Se t. f -
For Sale, lorllSlIIIOS rojwing. also boars for hi)“ s3:-
vice. WATEBMAN & WATERMAN. Ann Arbor, Mich.

YORKSHIRES

The large, long-bodied. prolific kind. Gilts bred for
July. August and September farrow. A choice lot of
spring pigs.palrs and trios.not akin. Prices reasonable

\V. C. COOK. R. 42. Ada, Michigan.
Aline

——M
YORKSHIRES buzfiéigepboargofigdfggsg. Write

for prices. os'rnANpEa 3 0'8. Morley. Mich.

Lillie Farmstead Yorkshires

0 n gilts and gilts bred for September fancy.
8Illl'll lgs either sex. pairs and trios not akin.
Basis no ion guaranteed.

COLON C. LILLIB. Coopersvillo.

 

 

 

Michigan.

Mention the Michigan Farmer
when writing to advertisers.


156 —20

der lip last winter and abunch has
appeared, causing her lip to hang
down. I have applied iodine twice a
day for two weeks, but it does not
help her much. M. W., Vanderbilt,
Mich—Remove bunch with a knife
and apply one part iodoform and sev-
en' parts powdered alum twice a day.

Cows Eat Poisonous Plants—Have
two fine heifers that came fresh last
spring, but went dry after giving milk
eight Weeks; two new milch cows are
now showing signs of falling off. They
have-had good pasture, but also have
access to a thicket containing black-
berries, alders, sumac, bittersweet and
wild grapes which they delight in
browsing. Have given them stock
food with no apparent benefit. F. H.,
Townley, Mich.-——I am inclined to be-
lieve the whole trouble is caused by
eating these poisonous plants and
shrubs; therefore, a change in feed is
all that will be necessary. Hand-rub-
bing the udders gently, and perhaps
milking them three times a day might
bring them partially back to a nor-
mal condition.

Cow Gives Bitter Milk—Garget.—I
have a cow that is giving milk that is
very bitter and it is difficult to con-
vert her cream into butter. I forgot
to say that she has a slight attack of
garget. C. L. E., Holton, Mich—Give
your cow a tablespoonful of hypo-sul-
phite of‘ soda at a dose in feed three
times a day and apply olive oil with
gentle hand-rubbing, to udder twice a
day. A change of feed will aid you in
overcoming this difficulty; besides,
milking utensils and the rapid cooling
of milk after milking, also keeping
your milk house clean and free from
foul odors or air will greatly assist to
overcome this trouble. I also suggest
that you call the attention of some
neighbor who is familiar with dairy-
ing, because his advice should be bet-
ter than mine.

Rheuniatism.—I have a calf seven
weeks old that is stiff in all four legs.
When down is hardly able to get up.
Is fed separator milk, oil meal and
eggs. I forgot to say that the joints
of legs are somewhat swollen. Mrs.
D. W. M., St. Charles, Mich—Your
calf suffers from joint-ill, following
navel infection, giving rise to a rheu-
matic condition of joint. Apply one
part iodine and 20 parts fresh lard to
swollen joints every day or two. Give
10 grs. of sodium salicylate at a dose
three times a day.

Cow Does Not Come in Heat.—I
have a cow that fails to come in heat;
she is pedigreed, therefore I am anx-
ious to breed her. Her calf is still
sucking her. R. L., Carsonville, Mich.
———Give your cow 1 dr. of ground nux
vomica, a teaspoonful of powdered
capsicum at a dose in feed tw.ce or
three times a day. A forced service
might bring her in heat.

Suppurating Udder.——My cow gives
stringy milk mixed with pus from one
quarter of udder occasionally, and I
would like to know what can be done
for her. G. B., Freeport, Mich—Ap-
ply one part iodine and 15 parts lard
to diseased quarter every day or two.
Wash out udder with one part car-
bolic acid and 50 parts water twice a
day. Give her a teaspoonful of pow-
dered nitrate of potash at a dose twrce
a day.

Acute Rheumatismalnfected Ud-
der.—I have several pigs eight weeks
old, that are suddenly taken lame,
causing intense pain, refusing to feed
and die in 24 hours. The whole lit-
ter of 11 are afl'ected. First symptom
is stiffness, and when down are very
dumpish and dislike to get on foot.
Pigs have run on pasture with their
mother and have been fed ground

oats, wheat middlings and a little
corn. 1 also have a cow that took
cold last spring shortly after she

i‘reshened. One quarter of udder cak-
ed and it took me quite a while to
clear out her bag. I. N. W., Clayton,
Mich—A change of food and giv1ng
your pigs 1/; gr. of quinine and 2 grs.
of bicarbonate soda, 5 grs. of ground
gentian at a dose twice a day will
help them. The premises should be
kept clean; besides, they should have
plenty of good water to drink. You
had better not bother cow’s udder for
I believe she will be all right when
she again freshens.

.Eversion of Uterus.~Have valuable
mare which foaled April 21, five days
ahead of time, but everything came
along all right. I bred mare the ninth
day and this morning she aborted.
Would you advise me to breed her
again, or wait until next year? N. V.
B., Benzonia, O.——You had better not
breed her until November or next
spring; then she will perhaps carry
her colt full period. .

Muscular Soreness.—I have a three-
year-old colt that showed considerable
soreness in fore quarters, some swell-
in’g in breast following a hard 'day’s
work on binder. When walking she
takes ‘very short steps and shows no
soreness in. left leg. A. G., Jr., Stan-
wood, Mich.—The muscles of shoul-
ders and arm are sore. Bathe her

well with warm water three times a
day and apply spirits of camphor af-
ter bathing.

THE MICHIGAN FAR-Miss“

 

 

PLIEB

AGE

 

m
$45,000,000

W E
31.00.000.000

 

TAKE PAID
$11,000,000

    

, .,

' INTEREST mvmsrins
$17,000,000 $30,000,000

    

sunrise 7
$12,000,000

 

AUG. 22, 1914.

“37129 PERFECT
CORN IIARVESTER

Wmmmem
orsILo comm

    

Works in any
klnd of soil.
stalks—doesn’t“? ltl 'lylked
othercutters. II: no Inner
Guts Four to Seven Acro- o Day

Cuts

with one man and one horse. Here Is what one
farmer says: Wheaten, Ind.. Nov. 24. 1913.
Dear Sin—The Harvester I received of you does
all that you claim. I cut twenty acres of Com that
made forty bushels per acre. 1 cut over 400 Shocks.

Yours truly. D. C. McCLURE.

SOLD DIRECT TO THE FARMER

Send for booklet and circulars telling all about this
l:!.bor-navinnr machinc;'also icontalnling testtimtor‘iiials
of many users. Send for th s circu ar mat er 0 av.

LOVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Dom. I Llnooln. llllnoln

 

 

How the Bell System Spends its Money

Every subscriber's telephone represents an actual invest-v

merit averaging $l 53, and

the gross average revenue is

$4l.75. The total revenue is distributed as follows:=

Employes—$ 1 00,000,000

Nearly half the total—$l00,-‘
000,000—paid in wages to more
than one hundred thousand em-
ployee engaged in giving to the
public the best and the cheapest
telephone service in the world.

For Supplies—$45,000,000

Paid to merchants, supply
dealers and others for materials
and apparatus, and for rent, light,
heat, traveling, etc.

Tax Collector—$1 1,000,000

Taxes of more than $l l,000,-
000 are paid to the Federal, state
and local authorities. The people
derive the benefit in better high-
ways, schools and the like.

Bondholders—$ 1 7,000,000

Paid in interest to thousands of
men and women, savings banks,
insurance companies and other
institutions owning bonds and

notes.

Stockholders—$30,000,000 1
70,000 stockholders, about half

of whom are women, receive

$30,000,000.

(These payments to stockhold-
ers and bondholders who have
put their savings into the tele-
phone business represent 6.05%

on the investment.)

Surplus—$ 1 2,000,000

This is invested in telephone
plant and equipment, to furnish

and keep telephone service
ways up to the Bell standard.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH Coma/3.03
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES,

One Policy

One J‘ystem

 

Universal Jervice

These Are the Reasons Why All Farmers Like the Only
Original Miller Bean Harvester

Every farmer likes the
ORIGINAL MILLER
BEAN HARVESTER
because it handles so
easily, is strong, steady,
durable, reliable and has
just the right weight to
hold to the ground and
do the best work.

The wheels are made
of high grade steel with
4-inch concave tires so
that they will not slide
or sink in the soft dirt.
Both shanks are heavy,
reinforced with a. cross-
piece to eliminate break-
age. All shares are of the

 

- :3)
cm. 4%

very best grade 5-16 inch steel and with re-sharpening will last several seasons.
The ORIGINAL MILLER is the best and most popular bean harvester and is
guaranteed to do better work than any other bean harvester made. All others

similar are inferior imitations.
you will get the best.

ASK YOUR LOCAL DEALER FOR A TRIAL OR WRITE US

LE ROY PLOW CO. .

When you buy, insist upon the ORIGINAL and

LE ROY, "- Yo, "- s- A.

 

r

Big Tonnage! Big Profits.

No delays, sure, certain o oration. These are ours

with the fast working San wich Motor Press.

fits the first ear—$200 to 8300

any
owners make enough clear cash to pay for their out-
clean profit each

SANDWICH

SOLID STEEL

HAY DRESSES

month. ' One andwich owner writes he baled “32 tons in 8 hours with a 8-man crew." Another how he a
averaged 818 to $22 per day after paying all expenses. These men can do this because the have the right

press .

-these are the reasons Sandwich owners make more money than others.

20 years experience built into it and special patented features found only on the

andwrch rose
he Sandwich way, the sure‘iivn .

has a hopper cooled engine mounted on same tr
SANDWICH "0“.) MOROI’ MOTOR PRESS 4, 6, 8 or 10 h. p., o _more power than rated. Gegfed
magneto. Full engine power delivered to Press by heavy steel roller chain. N 0 power lost._no belts to slip

CnnSStni-t

or top , '1 ,

Instantly a ._ . ~77“; é.“ ‘. ling ,

‘ . -ghr-az . gem. a...” 29,3155; ..
. 3..

I— m-M- 4’ E's-r)”
- — a . .'
. '4.

"4
13$ to as,
tons per hour

Great on
» Windsowo . '

both motor. belt and

f profits made the first year.
' Ion
Ion

, or to delay. Simple self-feeder and the hi feed 0 eni
I Just; swallows the hay. Friction clutch rgight onppredlsg.

Book! Tho Way to WI

, n
2 Send a postal today for our free catalogue “ Tons Tell. ”

on reliable figures of the cost a d
hiding: shows all the: Sandwich Haifa-2:23:
horse power. Also ask for our
terms so you can bu your: press from the
dwlch M9; c so on: sine tQ'isiCk' Adam“
. o. r
.109 .Ooglooll module? In 1393.6...12‘274?“ 0!“.

special

  

Whon ertln’e to advertisers please mention The Ml'ohlion Farmer.

 

 

 

Galv oofing

Made of high grade open hearth metal. All galvan-
ised Roofing and Slduw have an extra heavy fight
coating of galvaniso. rite kids {or free sample
and mill price list No. 204. Sen size 0f.bulldll'.l ,
length of ridge, length of rafters and we will fur-ms

free complete estimate of cost-~without oblige

t. t bu --th n make comparison an lee t o
Trusting? Allin mentors of galvanised shingles for
houses.

30 Year Guaranteed Galvanized Roofing
Made of selected best grade No. 24 gauge open
hearth metal with DOUBLE Coana of GALVANIZI
and PURE TIN. Write today for price list. No. 60.
When you buy from us you buy from the manufacturer.
Established 1877
THE SYKES METAL LATII & ROOFING 00.

5 I I Walnut. Street, Niles. Ohio

 

 

$ ”some..."
Igor to Pay

 
    
  
   
   

 

L__........_

 
    

1'

payments of only $5 down and $3 a '
nionth. Free Catalog Folder shows
nine larger Sizes all sold at similar 7*
lfllw prices‘izgdson very Easy terms.
‘ .l'

bugs .h‘y. a do??? n
manufacturin ex-
perience; al

ship d o
no «how "

   
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
   

    
 

  
 

  
 

Burn Gasoline, ., . . , ’
erosene or Distillate llllllllllO ”WWW
—have double the power of other engines of

eqfiial weight—are cement to move—~eusy to get at
— e u least 5 ace—run smoothest—start easy—
burn less us] and ast longer._ Free Catalog Folder
gives 18 reasons for U._S. su eriority and quotes low
easy-to-pny factory prices. rite now

0) II. 3. name woniis. 3722 Ogdsndvs10lllcldo

 

    
  
 
  

   

EVEN IF IT
COST NOTHING

 

 

_ AN ENSILAo:

A curves mar

‘\ /. ones-(s wu
*- Ar one run.-
Iua Tm:

  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

IS A DEPENDABLE CUTTER. WELL DESIGNED AND
STRONG. OPERATES WITH LESS HELP AND IS
MODERATELY PRICED. WHY TAKE. A CHANCE?

STOVER M PG. CO.

‘3“ CORNELL ST. - FREEPORT. ILL.

WI ALSO BUILD SAMSON WIND MILLS. ALFALFA GRIND-
IRS. HAND GRINDERS. STOVER FEED MILLS.
PUMP JACKS. FREE CATALOGS.
lode lor

7 PUMP GRIND SAW um..."

Wood Mills are Best. Engines are Simple

Food Grinders, Saw
Francs. Steel Tanks
CATALOEVIB VIII
LHINTB WANTED
Perkins Wind Mill &
Engine Co. BLISGO 5;.

135 IAIN si.

 

   
 
 
 

 

 

Mishnwah. Ind.
ATTACHMENT with corn.
harvester cuts and throws in
piles on harvesterorin Win-
rows. Man and horse cut and

_ ‘ shock equal with a corn bin-

der. Sold in every state. Priceonly $20.00with fodderbinder.
J. D. Borne, Haswell, Colo. writes: “Youroorn harves-
tor In all you olnlm for“: out, tlod and checked 65
acres mllo, cons and corn not your." Testimonials and
catalog free, showing pictures of harvester. Address
PROCESS MANUFACTURING 60.. Dallas, Kansas.

pomo 0.19.9555

 
 
   
  

   

. . ’ fore you buy.
Hill“! MA“ ERNIE" ”I'm. lost. I05 um. I-

FREE BOOK ON MoromNc

, “.13! ,or rucumo Explains how we assist YOU in
'V “M"- tlic Auto Business as Repairman.

 

 
   

iSY n r. ‘ Chauffeur. Salesman or Auto Ma
4 WORING MODELS chanician. with YKE NEW
mm mum-lam. IDEA W on KIN G MODELS.

Good salaries. Our employment plan tells how. Beware of
‘ ‘ - Let us tell you the names of some of our students.
. Send for this book (Ii—day. .

Webb-Orb Motor School. mqual'nl St" Philsu Pa.

 

 

 

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