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VOL. CXLIII No. 9.

Whole Number 3798.





 





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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

, DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, AUG. 20, 1914.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

$2 FOR 5 YEARS.





   





 





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HE Great European War has removed the argu-

ment, sometimes advanced by thinking farmers,

that a large crop will bring the farmers of this



country less than a small one. It is the opinion of all

clOse students of the situation that this war will cause

a greatly increased demand for the products of Amer-

ican farms and a general advance in prices for farm

products, hence the desirability of increased efficiency

in farm management and increased production from

Michigan farms.



As an aid to the attainment of increased efficiency

and larger production a practical farm paper pub-

lished especially for the farmers of a special territory

has no rival. The Michigan Farmer is just that kind

of a paper, and every farmer in Michigan should be



Wits subscribers. To encourage every





' Michigan farmer who is not now taking it to become





a member of the Michigan Farmer family, we are

making a special trial offer to May 1, 1915, for only

'25 cents, as announced on page 178 of this issue.



Those who receive a sample copy of this issue will

find an addressed remittance envelope enclosed for

their convenience in sending their subscription. Our

regular subscribers will do their friends, who are not

now taking the paper, a favor by directing their atten-

tion to this offer and inducing them to subscribe at

once. Aside from the regular features which have

made the Michigan Farmer an appreciated factor in

80,000 Michgan farm homes, we have planned for

the addition of many new features which will make

the investment in a subscription still more profitable.

Let us tell you abOut them.



In addition to the usual practical and timely matter

relating to seasonable work which is essential to a

good farm paper, we have selected fifty-two special

topics of general interest to Michigan Farmers upon

which special articles, many of them in series, will be

written especially for the Michigan Farmer by prac-

tical people whoare peculiarly equipped by training

and experience to present the most advanced infor-

mation to our readers on these special topics. The

publication of these special features will be com-

menced in the first November issue and will continue

regularly, one in each issue for the 52 issues following

that date. The space which can be devoted to this

announcement will not permit the giving of the

authors’ names, but every one of them is a widely

recognized authority on the subject which he will

cover. A simple enumeration of these special topics

should, however, give the reader a hint as to their

value to him. vahe‘ list of subjects follows:



Agricultural Co-operation in Europe. Farming as

a Business. Doctoring a' Run Down Soil. Farming

Without Live Stock. ' Possibilities and Limitations of

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The Farmer and the European War.





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the County Agricultural Bureau. The Inside of the

Grain Market. Bacteriology and the Farmer. Grow-

ing and Selling Certified Seed POtatoes. Benefits of

Breeders’ Associations in Michigan. The Relation of

Chemistry to Agriculture. Laws Relating to the

Property Rights of Women. Tree Surgery. The

Emergency Medicine Chest. The. Undeveloped Agri-

cultural possibilities of Michigan. Home Canning for

the Fancy Trade. The Field Pea in Michigan Agri-

culture. The F arm Cost of Dairy Products. The

Secret of a Successful Farm Life. Rural Sanitation.

Growing and Marketing the Draft Horse. Canning

Factory Crops for the General Farmer. Small Fruit

for the Average Farmer. Poultry as a Factor in Farm

Profits. Mechanical Helps in the Home. The Truth

About Ginseng. High School Agricultural Educa-

tion. , TheCasmty Y. M. C. A. Movement. The

Development of City Markets. The Place of Soy

Beans in Michigan Agriculture. Growing Peppermint

in Relation to Soil Building. Horse Breeding as a Side

Line. Organization for Community Welfare. Bee

Keeping for the General Farmer. Cowpeas as a

Forage Crop. Baby Beef as a Specialty. Getting

Results from Spraying. Vetch as a Soil Builder.

Training the Colts. The Development of the Apple

Market. Peach Growing as a Specialty. Methods of

a Michigan Woman in Gardening. The Gasoline

Engine for Farm Work. The Outlook for Michigan’s

Stock Feeding Industry. Essentials of Concrete Con-

struction. The Renovation of Old Orchards. The

Farmer’s Banking Problem. Efficiency Studies on

the Farm. Production Costs on the Average Farm.

The Economic Relation of Wild Life to Agriculture.

Storage of Crops on the Farm. The Domestic Cruc-

ible. Rural Recreation.





In this issue we are beginning a serial story which

is one of the most interesting and entertaining stories

we have ever published. Trial subscribers will get this

story in full. In book form this feature alone would

cost several times as much as the trial subscription.

These special features, to say nothing of the regular

features of the paper, including complete and reliable

market reports, free veterinary advice and service in

the way of milk and cream tests, any one of which

may easily be worth many dollars to the subscriber,

will be worth many dollars to the farmer, will be

worth many times the cost of a trial subscription

to any farmer.





If you are not already a subscriber, you can ill

afford to miss this opportunity of getting the Mich-

igan Farmer to May 1, 1915 (eight months) for only

25 cents. Send your order at once, as the subscription

commences when the order is" received, and no back





numbers can be sent. DO IT NOW!





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158—2





TH'E MICHIGAN FAR‘MER





Short Cuts in Silo Filling.





N filling the silo we find that labor



is usually short. It brings us to a



point where we must make every

motion count. Then there may be a

shortage of teams. In this case, one

man with three horses, cuts the corn;

two men load the wagons in the field;

two men, or boys, with teams, haul

the corn to the cutter; one man un-

.loads the wagons, while two others

run the cutter and engine, with one

man to trample down the silage in the

silo. Time may be saved by having

an additional wagon, and returning at

once to the field after the next load,

thus having one load by the cutter all

the time. Always use the boys who

are not strong enough to handle corn

to drive the teams. This method re-

quires a crew of seven men and two

boys.



With farm labor so high and so

scarce, it becomes necessary to take

advantage of all labor-saving machin-

ery possible. The corn binder has be-

come one of the indispensable arti-

cles. We can hire one cheaper than

we can employ men to cut by hand.

The cost of cutting corn by machine

is not more reasonable than hand-cut-

ting, but the later cost is more rea-

sonable, for it is easier to handle the

bound bundles than the separate

stalks. So the binder is the thing to

use.



Until a machine that will bind and

load corn has been invented, the wag-

on recommended by the Department

of Agriculture to use in corn hauling

will remain a reasonable article to





the other end left open. The trough

is suspended from the roof with the

open side downward and the closed

end toward the center of the silo. The

open end rests above the top of the

blower pipe. The cut material will

follow along this trough until it strikes





'the closed end; then it will be scat-





tered about the silo evenly. A little

care in placing this trough will give

satisfactory results.





New York. EARL W. GAGE.





 





THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WEED

DESTRUCTION.





 





Michigan has a noxious weed law

which requres the highway commis-

sioner to have all noxious weeds cut

in the highways and waste places of

the township and to see that farmers

cut their noxious weeds. This law is

a farce.



Some of the highway commissioners

do their duty, and enforce this law,

while others in adjoining townships

do not enforce it: in some cases the

weeds are out where the owner is a

non-resident, while the weeds on oc-

cupied farms are allowed to seed. Still

other examples of the farcical work-

ings of this law are that the weeds

are usually out where the cutting is

easy, and where the weeds are among

the brush, they are left to scatter

their seed. In most cases, the cut-

ting of the weeds in the road and on

non—resident farms is a political job

and is handed out, not to the men who

will do the most efficient and trusty





 

 

 





 

 





 





» ‘ 4. '7 WT?

own. The rack is built as low as pos-

sible. A low, solid-wheel truck will

give most satisfaction on smooth, lev-

e1 farms, with short hauls. The draft

is too heavy for hilly lands.



The rack commonly used in corn

growing regions, consists of two 4x6-

inch bed pieces, 18 or 20 feet long,

bolted together at one end to form a

V. On top of these is built a rack six

feet in width. The bottom of this is

about eight feet long. The end boards

are four feet high, built flaring so

they do not quite touch the wheels.

The apex of the V is suspended be-

low the front axle of an ordinary farm

wagon by means of a long kingbolt.

The other ends are attached below

the hind axle by U-shaped clevises.

This rack can be easily made by any

farmer, and most men have the lum-

ber lying around to use. The mate-

rials needed in its construction are

80 board feet of 4x6-inch plank, 96 feet

of boards 1x12 inches, 22 feet of lum-

ber 2x4 inches, one long kingbolt, two

stirrup rods, and bolts and ‘nails.



Hauling green corn is heavy, tire-

some work, and too much attention

can not be paid to little details of

method in order to avoid unnecessary

lifting.



When the silo is more than 35 feet

in depth it will not be necessary to

have a man tramp down. The surface

should be leveled two or three times

a day while filling, and the silage will

pack sufficient to keep. But if an ex-

tra man is available, I believe in scat-

tering and leveling just as the corn is

cut, for when allowed to form in an

apex, cone-shaped heap, the heavier

parts roll to the outside of the pile

and the grain and leaves will not be

evenly mixed.



When a blower is used, satisfactory

results will be obtained in distributing

the corn in the silo by nailing two

boards eight or 10 inches wide and

abOut half as long as the diameter of

the silo, together at right angles to

form a trough. A 12-inch board should

be nailed over the end of this trough,





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work, but to those who have the great-

est infiuence in getting votes for the

highway commissioner. I do not mean

to say that all weed cutters are in-

eflEicient, nor that all highway com-

missioners are crib-feeders, but there

isn’t a Michigan Farmer reader but

who knows that a township weed-cut-

ting job is usually a “jug-of-water and

shade” job, with a little “scythe” mix-

ed in for seasoning.



The point I wish to make is that no

overhead law can ever accomplish the

complete destruction or control of nox-

ious weeds. As long as we farmers

regard them in the common light,

they will never be overcome. Onlya

public sense of the injury they do will

cause their complete eradication. I

know that I am not radical in the

statement that many farms have their

value decreased 25 per cent by the

presence of milkweeds, quackgrass,

Canada thistles and other noxious

weeds. Some farms have their val-

ue decreased 50 per cent; these are

few, but a one-fourth decrease in value

due to noxious weeds is common.



I have seen men who claimed to

have converse with the moon, or some

other supernatural agency, and by

means of this, they could kill weeds

by cutting them at just the right time.

Sometimes this cutting is successful

in eradication, sometimes it isn’t, but

the fact is that they understand the

phenomenon of plant growth and ap-

ply it to the cutting of weeds.



There are two ways of killing weeds

on large areas which are highly suc-

cessful; one is by summer-fallowing,

of which we will speak later, and the

other is by cutting when the growth

has ceased. Summer-fallowing de-

pends for its success upon a continual

warfare, while cutting depends upon

cutting at the right time. Summer

fallowing is the surest, but cannot be

practiced at this time of the year,

while this is about the right time for

cutting.



Cut When Plant Food isExhaueted.



The theory of cutting is this: The





roots of the plant are stored .with

plant food in the spring. The purpose

of this food is to mature the seeds of

the plant—that is the aim of all

plants. About the time the seeds are

just beginning to form, nearly all of

the plant food has gone to the plant

and if out off then, the roots contain

so little food that they will die—usu-

ally. I have seen fields of weeds out

——not cut off with a scythe, but about

two inches below the ground—at the

time when nearly all the growth has

gone into the plant and never come

up again. Of course, this does not

apply for quack grass.



For Canada thistles and other sim-

ilar weeds, a convenient tool may be

made by cutting the blade of a hoe

from its shank; then have a black-

smith weld on a piece of a hoof-rasp.

This is to be sharpened. The ordinary

weed spud that can be bought at the

implement dealers, is altogether too

heavy and awkward, but the tool de-

scribed above does not seem too

heavy and may be very easily band-

led. The weeds should be out about

two inches below the surface of the

ground.





Ingham Co. I. J. MATHEWS.





 





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





Dame Nature and the Farmer.





I am very glad to get friend Cook’s

criticism in the Michigan Farmer of

August 15. One gets lonesome after

a time to have no one notice him. He

begins to think that he is of little or

no good. If, however, you can stir

things up sufficiently once in a while

so people criticize you, some good is

done. That is a good article by Mr.

Cook. Splendid! Right to the point

and good sense. Why, it is the doc’

trine I have always advocated in the

Michigan Farmer. That is, in the

main. There are a few statements I

can not endorse, but the central idea

in substance I have always advocated.

First. Drain your land, if it needs it.

I have a good many thousand rods of

tile drain. Second. Keep up the hu-

mus content of the soil so it will hold

moisture and have a good mechanical

texture. Third. If necessary, use lime

to prevent acid conditions. Fourth.

Use commercial fertilizer with le-

gumes and stable manure to balance

the food ration of the plants. In fact,

use all the knowledge we have to

keep the soil in the best possible con-

dition for plant growth. '





Again, I have always advocated se-

lecting crops adapted to one’s climate,

soil and markets. I have put empha‘

sis on the fact that the crops must be

planted in season, and properly cared

for. I think I appreciate all these

conditions must be complied with be-

fore the farmer does his part. But

when you have done all these, Dame

Nature doesn’t come up and eat out

of your hand. Not by any means. We

farmers are compelled to eat out of

Dame Nature’s hand. In normal sea-

sons if the farmer has done his part

all is well. But what about abnormal

seasons? Sometimes we have several

normal or good seasons in succession

and the farmer is prone to get

“chesty.” But the time comes, if he

will admit it, when all of his work

counts for little.



Friend Cook says if the heavy rains

come directly after planting a crop

you must be Johnny-on-the-spot with

the harrow. That will help, but we

all know that the harrow will never

restore proper conditions, especially

on clay land. The only way is to refit

the land and plant over again, and

then it may be too late for best re-

sults. ..



Very few farmers that have farmed

for any number of years but will bear

me out in my statement that Mr.

Cook criticises. We can do our best,

and do 'it just as well as Mr. Cook

can and then, floods, drouths, insect

pests or frost may prevent us from

reaping the reward we are entitledto.

And ’when friend Cook says he can





 





‘AUG. 29, 1914.





make Dame Nature come up “and eat





out of his hand, I should say he let

getting a little chesty. Some day the‘





lightning may strike his barn and

burn it up, or there will be such ex-

cessive rains in‘his locality that his

beans, even on his well-drained land,





will be ruined, or a coat of ice will.





cover his clover or wheat and smother

it out completely, as it has done for

others, or a number of other things

might happen (they have happened to

others), that will plainly say to you,

“Do your best, and yet Dame Nature

controls.” She may sometimes seem-

ingly come up and eat out of your

hand, but she dont have to and you

will always have to eat out of her

hand.

Needed Rain.





As I write this we are having one





of the finest showers I ever saw in’





the middle of August. It will make

ears on the corn, push the third cut-

ting of alfalfa, save the young clover,

save lots of work in preparing the

land for wheat, and start the fall pas-

tures. But Dame Nature doesn’t al-

ways do this. Last-year we had no

rain to early September, and it did

no good to the growing crops.



This has been one of the finest sea-

sons to harvest crops in my remem-

brance. None of the hay got wet, even

the first and second cuttings of alfal-

fa were secured in perfect condition.

Also the 'wheat and cats.



I have corn waist high, planted af—

ter the early peas. This rain assures

me of a fine lot of fodder and it is on

ground that produced 1.7 tons of‘shell-

ed peas per acre the same season.

That is coaxing Dame Nature some,

isn’t it? COLON C. LILLIE.





 





THE FARM REPAIR SHOP.





 





The man with a good repair shop on

the farm, will often wonder how he

got along without it. .The building

need not be expensive, but light and

warm. One end should be rigged up

for blacksmithing. Build a hearth of

stone and ordinary clay mortar, with

a good-sized flue, about nine bricks to

the round. An opening should beleft

at the proper place for the admission

of a five to six-inch stove pipe. Pro-

cure a blower, or bellows, an anvil, a.

drill press,a vise, some dies and taps,





one—quarter to five—eighth-inch, for cut-_





ting thread, a hammer,.tongs, and two

or three sizes of heading tools. Steel

punches for hot iron are also neces-

sary, but these can be made.



After some experience, many other

tools can be made that come handy.

Much of the equipment mentioned can

often be gotten second-hand from ma-

chinists or blacksmiths. Collect all

kinds of scrap iron, bolts, old horse-

shoes, etc., from about the farm.

Much useful iron may often be gotten

for a trifle at public sales. As to the

actual work in this line, many valu-

able hints may be gotten from a good-

natured blacksmith. One may need

instruction, particularly on the work-

ing and tempering of steel. For a

time the novice may be discouraged

by his seeming awkwardness, but af-

ter he gets the set of his hammer and

the hang of his tongs, some experi-

ence in welding, etc., there will be lit.

tle repairing that need be taken away

from the farm. ~



Put in the other end of the build-

ing a bench or table. Provide a cross-

cut handsaw, nine teeth to the inch,

a square, a‘ smoothing plane, a jack

and a fore plane, a brace with at least

seven bits differing in size one-eighth,

three or four sizes of chisels, a draw-

ing knife, miter square, a hand ax or

bench hatchet, and a supply of dif-

ferent sized nails and wood screws.

This will equip the wood-working end

of the shop for all ordinary repairing.

Many new implements can be made

and ironed complete later. Now get

or. make a sewing or ,sadler,’s horse,

procure some needles, wax and





thread, harness, rivets, etc.

New York. ,_





8.. Venues. .





 





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AUG. 29. 1914.





Essentials inn-VVheat Seeding.





 





HE very basis of success with

this crop lies in the care and

common sense with which the

ground 'is prepared for the fall seed-

ing. 'To be sure, the importance of

later harrowing and careful fitting of

the ground can not be over-estimated,

but it is the early plowing and me

liminary harroWing that affords a safe-

guard in checking the loss of soil

moisture and developing available fer-

tility to hasten the early growth of

the young plants before cold weather

checks their growth in the fall.

Deep vs. Shallow Plowing.



Deep plowing is not a sound prac-

tice in all kinds of soil, but. in a vast

majority of cases it is essential to

soil improvement and increased crop

production. To change in one year

from shallow to deep plowing is sel-

dom a judicious practice, but on most

farms it would pay to annually in-

crease the depth until in six or eight

years the cultivable soil would be

eight or nine inches deep. Any at-

tempt in the direction of deepening

the soil must be considered in rela-

tion to the drainage conditions,

amount of organic matter incorporat-

ed in the soil and the crop rotation

being practiced. Many soils have been





verized. It is no easy problem to pre‘

pare tough, clay soil for the wheat

crop, but one can not secure maxi-

mum returns from this type of soil un-

less he devotes special attention to

getting it into proper condition for

seeding.



Make the Soil Congenial to the Plants.



Establishing congenial soil condi-

tions for plants is one of the fine arts

of agriculture. American farmers have

not given as much attention to pro-

viding congenial conditions for their

plants as they have given to fashion-

ing barns and stables for their am-

mals; however, plants are equally re-

sponsive to the same kind of treat-

ment and prosper best where the con-

ditions of living are improved.



Plants demand moisture at all

stages of their growth. They do not

get moisture from above at all times.

Sometimes there is a scarcity, some-

times too much, hence the eprmanent

supply must come from below. The

ideal seed bed requires close capillary

connection of the furrow with the sub-

soil. It can then draw moisture from

below and enough of it, providing the

subsoil has a water holding capacity,

such as porous clay which takes up

water and holds it until needed by the





 





’





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Never give the field one disking-or

the crop will come up uneven, or nev-

er try to remedy this by cross-disking,

as the field will show streaks in both

directions. The better method is to





\drive so that the disc harrow will ov-





erlap one-half, allowing the outside

disc to turn the furrow strip left in

the center. This should be followed

by the spring-tooth and smoothing

harrows until an ideal seed bed is

obtained.



Good Seed Essential.





Without good seed with strong vi-





tality and germinating and growing-





powers, fertility and careful prepara-

tion of the soil are' practically wasted.

With good seed a fair crop may be

expected, even on badly farmed land.

This brings up the question at once,

“What is good seed?” The first re-

quisite of good seed is a strong germ

which will spring quickly into growth

when the seed is sown in a warm,

moist soil. Everyone recognizes the

much more vigorous growth made by

a pig or calf that is strong and heal-

thy at birth. The same principles ap-

ply to young wheat plants that apply to

pigs and calves. Unless the strong

germ is present, sending out strong

rootlets with vigorous feeding zones,

the plant starts in life poorly. Quite

as essential as a strong germ is a

large supply of starch which is con-





 





Forty-seven and One-half Bushels Per Acre on an Eighteen-Acre Field of Wheat.





This remarkable record was made by





Wheat was grown on bean ground w





seriously damaged by deep plowing

before being improved in texture and

chemical content by an intelligent

course of treatment.



Fitting the Seed Bed.



After the ground is plowed the fur-

row slices should be cut and thor-

oughly refined so that the soil par-

ticles will separate into a mellow sur-

face. Good plowing can not produce

its best results when the after tillage

is insufficient or ill-adapted to the re-

quirements of the crop. \No mistake

can be made by plowing \and fitting

the land as well as one knows how.



Tough clayey soils require the use

of the disc properly to prepare them

for seeding. Spring-tooth and smooth-

ing harrows are too often used when

the disc would give far better results.

In deep, mellow soils, well supplied

with humus, it does not take much til-

lage to work up a good seed bed for

the wheat crop, and the job can be

done with spring-tooth and smoothing

harrows; but clay soils which are

tough and hard, and as a rule, defi-

cient in organic matter, require a

deal of careful work to establish a

superior seed bed. Disc harrows are

imperatively needed in fitting such

ground for wheat. The ground should

be out both ways and the field re-

crossed with the sides overlapping un-

til the furrow slices are cut into small

pieces and every square foot of land

turned by the plow thoroughly pul-





\





 





H. W. Stevens, on the John Muir Farm in Eastern Shiawassee County.





ith an application of 200 pounds of commercial fertilizer per acre.





growing crop. Whatever the depth of

plowing, or disking, it is very import-

ant that the capillary connection with

the soil below must be secured.



This is why successful wheat grow-

ers have the turned furrow well pack-

ed to press the soil particles together





and enable them to draw up moisture.





from below. They do not wish a clod-

dy under furrow, nor coarse manure

or trash between the furrow and sub-

soil. It pays to use the disc harrow

to mellow the surface of the soil be-

fore it is plowed, to prevent the for-

mation of clods which create air

spaces that interfere with the upward

movement of moisture and conse-

quently with the germination of the

seeds.

Surface Tilth.



The surface of the seed bed should

be reasonably fine, not dust, but a

nice, crumbly, mellow surface. The

newly-sown seed must have warmth

and moisture to enable it to germi-

nate quickly. The soil below the depth

the seed is planted should be compact

so that it will hold moisture and make

conditions ideal for the seed to ger-

minate and grow. There is no one

way to prepare seed beds for the

wheat crop that will apply to all con-

ditions. When seeded on corn, bean

or pctato ground, a good seed bed

may be secured by thoroughly disking

and harrowing the field early in fall

as soon as the crops are removed.





verted into plant food for the small

plants. This is why large grains-fur-

nish a stronger growing plant than

shrunken, immature seed, and is a





strong argument for the grading of.





the seed with a modern fanning mill

or grader.

Methods of Seeding.



The use of improved grain drills as

a means of seeding has been instru-

mental in diminishing the number of

bushels of seed needed for the wheat

field, for when a man is certain of his

seed and when he knows that it is all

being placed at the uniform depth in

the ground and will grow, it is folly

to suppose that an excessive amount

will be sown, as was the case when

broadcasting was the only means of

distributing. the seed.



When broadcasted and then disked

and harrowed, no matter if the work

was properly done, there was always

some seed near the top that would not

germinate and grow and still more

with so light a covering that although

it might start it could not develop a

vigorous plant. Not only has the

grain drill demonstrated that all the

grains may be depended upon to grow

but the uniformity of ripening is much

improved, the yield greater and the

stand of clover and grass where this

is an item is almost wholly insured,

especially where the drill rows run

north and south, thus allowing the

tender clover and grass plants to be-





3—159 ‘





come hardened to the heat of the sun

before the crop is cut, and also allow-

ing them plenty of room to develop.





Fertilization.





The kind and amount of fertilizer to

use depends so much on soil condi-

tions that one can not advise what

would be best for every farm. As a.

rule, it pays to use a moderate

amount of fertilizer, even though the

ground is in a pretty fair state of culc

tivation. It gives the young plants a

start and helps the clover to obtain a

start early the next spring. If heavy

quantities are used in order that the

land may be seeded to permanent pas-

ture or meadow, it is well to apply a

heavy application of mineral fertilizer

to the plowed ground and get same

thoroughly worked into the soil before

seeding and drill in a moderate

amount of complete fertilizer at the

time the seeding is done. As a rule

we use about 200 pounds of complete

fertilizer to the acre where the wheat

crop follows potatoes in our rotation,

but we use about 800 pounds of fer-

tilizer to the acre for the potato crop

in addition to several loads of stable

manure.





New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





 





SEEDING TIMOTHY WITHOUT A

NURSE CROP.





 





I have a field which was in oats

this year and I do not care to put it

to wheat this fall, but I want it seed-

ed.’ How would it do to plow, fit and

seed to clear timothy? Could I figure

on a good crop of hay or timothy seed

next year and have a good meadow

thereafter? If so, which would be the

best way to put in the seed, with the

grain drill (as I want to sow fertilizer

with it), or seed it on top with a seed-

ed? And how much seed is required

per acre ? My soil is heavy clay.



Monroe Co. G. .



There would appear to be little

chance of failure in getting a good

crop of hay next year from fall sown

timothy. Wherever wheat kills out

which had timothy sown with it in

the fall, the timothy comes on and

makes a fair crop in these vacant

places. Some years ago the writer

had a thin seeding of clover which

had been seeded with rape, the rape

being pastured during the summer,

and timothy was drilled in without

any preparation of the soil early in

September. This made a very good

crop of hay the following year, al~

though but five pounds per acre was

used. It would be the writer’s opin-

ion that if this soil is not weedy and

can be worked up well with a disk,

this would be fully as good a method

of preparing the seed bed for the

timothy. If it is plowed, it will re-

quire considerable work to get the

seed bed firm enough for best results,

and by working up the stubble, there

will be a little surface mulch which

will prove beneficial. The timothy

will not get much growth this fall,

and this would afford some winter

protection. If sown with a grain drill

in freshly plowed ground, it would be

difficult to avoid getting the seed in

too deep. In this case it would seem

to be a better plan to let the seed fall

ahead of the drill teeth and be cov-

ered by them. A light seeding of cats

sown with the timothy might be a.

benefit by providing a covering for the

soil during the winter. We have seen

clover and timothy sown late in the

fall with rape used as a cover crop

with fair success, but the objection is

that some of the rape will live

through the winter and will send up

seed stalks in the hay the following

year. More seed should be sown

where one desires to get a crop of

hay the first year after seeding. Some

authorities advocate the sowing of

turnips with fall sown timothy as a.

means of protecting the crop during

the Winter, storing up plant food which

will be available for its use the fol-

lowing year. To secure a thick stand

and make a maximum hay crop the

following year, it would probably pay

well to sow eight or 10 pounds of seed

per acre.
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





AUG. 29, 191i.





 





_ r-Z/é/ ”nu/$76





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Hilt‘ e





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Corn Crop





Corn is profitable when grown for the ears alone, but why

not save the third that is wasted when the stalks and leaves

are left in the field. Husk and shred and add up to $10





per acre to the value of your





corn. You can do it with an





Advance Husker-Shredder

6, 8 and 12 Roll

The Advance has a safe feeder, large shredding cylinder,





ample shaker surface, shelled





less wind stacker and powerful blower.





com cleaner and bagger, gear-

The gears are heavy





and the bearings have large oil wells to insure good lubrication.

Ask for catalog EB 43 It will tell you more.





If you want a smaller outfit, the Rumely--Adams two-roll husker is the





one for you. For baling stover or

needs. We also have the right





hay the Rumely baler will suit your

power plants for all such machines.





lizvery Rumely machine is backed by Rumely service—49 branches and





11 out; dealers.





Supplies and parts promptly furnished.





RUMELY LINES





Kerosene Tractors

Gasoline Tractors





Steam Engines Clover Hullers





Engine Gang Plow;

Threshing Machines Oil





Cream Se orator.

om Ma ines





Lighting Plants





Gasoline Engines

gmes

Baling Presses





RUMELY PRODUCTS COMPANY





Chicago (I“°°“’°'a"ed) Illinois

Battle Creek, Mich. Columbus, Ohio Indianapolis, ind.

mummimihiimihmmlumlminumumnmmnwmmm“alumniminimumIminimum:mmlmmmummmmlan:lmm:mummmn:IlIuImImIunI1mIInummlmlmmnImmmumm1nmumummummnImInImunmmmummmlmlnlunnmll

llllllimlllillillililillifllllllllmiilllllmllllllillllllillllll[llllllillllllllllllfllillllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllillIilll|ll|lllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllll Illlllflllllllllflfllllllfllflllllfllflullllifllllllllfllllll





 





LIME





Pulverized magnesian lime rock for "sour" soils.

Write for LOW Summer Prices direct to you from

Muskegon and Benton Harbor. Michigan.



LAKE SHORE STONE CO.. Diilwaukee. Wis.





 





 





LILLIE’S SPECIAL BRANDS





BUF FA 0 FERTILIZER





Made from best material. Always reliable.

Lime, Potash. Acid Phosphate, Nitrate of Soda.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory. Ship di-

rect to farmers in czirlots. Fertilizer questions

answered and farm soil surveys made on request.





Colon C. Lillie, Sales Agl.. Coopersviile, Mich.





—You should get the highest grade

of limestone manufactured. Buy

it upon the basis of analysis. We

manufacture the highest finds pul-





verized limestone sold in ichigan.

Let us prove it. Ask for sample and analysis.





CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian Riven—Mich.





Potato Crates.





 





 





 





Price of 25 NM) I000

Nailed ........................ $3.50 $l2.50 $l20

Flat ........................... 2 90 “.00 100





F. O. B. cars here. Terms, cash.





M. H. HUNT & SON Lansing, Mich.





wmn-zn SEED wum





KHARKOV YIELD 50 T0 70 BU. PER ACRE

Yield guaranteed. rite for catalog and cirwlar, de-

acribing the most wonderful variety ever introduced in

the U. S.,BERRY'S IMPROVED KHARKOV. Just im-

ported direct from Russia. Has no equal. Largest yielder

known and withstands the severest winters. Hove im-

proved Turkey Rcd, other varieties and Mammoth White

Rye. Large stock Alfalfa, Timothy and all Grass Seed.

Write for circular, free samples, special low prices.

A. A. Berry Seed 00.. Box In, Clannda. Iowa





SEED WHEAT.





GOEING WHEAT—A bearded variety of red

Wheat. Splendid yields, very hardy. stiff straw,

never lodges. The best wheat I ever grew. Send

for sample aad prices.



COLON C LILLIE. Coopersviile. Michigan.





PURE FIELD SEEDS





Seed Wheat—[ted Wave and Winter King: Clover.

Timothy. Aisike.'Alfalfa and all kinds of Pure

Field Seeds direct from producer to consumer: free

from noxious weeds. Ask for samples. BIG TYPE

Paland Ohinas, March and April pigs at reasonable

prices. A. C. HOYT & (30.. FOSTORIA. OHIO.





 





 





 





Bald coin Seed Wheat. Heavy yielder. Reeleaned

by farm power mill. 31.45 bu. Bags dc sample

free. Muncytown Stock Farm. Flat Rock. Mich.





Rod Wave Seed Wheat. Bald 40 hu.per acre. No smut'or

foul seed. $1.60 or bu., 4 bu $6.10bn. 14.50 recleaned.

Sacks free. also ot er sorts. Frank Bartlett, Dryden, Mich.





 





= . room for new stock.





, THE HARRY SVENSGAABD SALES, QOR?»





. 401-473 Woodward Ave.





1.7119 DE RFECT

CORN HARVESTER‘

WWW





Works in any

kind of soil. Cuts

stalks—doesn’t pull like

other cutters. AllSOIIltdy no dim

Cuts Four to Seven Acres 3 Day

With one man and one horse. Here is what one

farmer says: Wheaten, Ind.. Nov. 24, 1913.

Dear Sin—The Harvester I received of you does

all that you claim. I cut twenty acres of Com that

made forty bushels per acre. 1 cut over 400 shocks.

Yours truly. D. C. McCLURE.

SOLD DIRECT TO THE FARMER

Send for booklet and circulars telling all about this

labor-saving machine: also Containing testimonials

of many users. Send for this circular matter today.





LOVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY ‘

Dept. 8 Lincoln, llllnolo





l. j





 





 





 





Best on Earth

Prices Right

Prompt Service





Cummcr Mfg.

i Cldilllc.hfichigm





 





 





Maple Syrup Makers





You get EFFICIENCY and SERVICE in our

Champion Evaporator.





Quick work. fuel saving.

durability and BEST

Q U A L I '1‘ Y of

SYRUP. Write us

for Catalogue.





Champion

Evaporator '4'

Co., Makers ,

Hudson, 0.





 

 





 





—-N . t, to lwoedl.

lied Wave Seed Whaal .1955’fiufmfiagf'ue‘é. Also

Yorkshire Swine. CHAS. METZ. R 3. Evan Mich.





KEEP THE BOY ON THE FARM





Buy _him a. motorcycle. Besides it wi‘l Fave

you time. Time is money. - We have smshcd

pnces-on all makes of used motorcycles in make





Real Bargains. Send for list.





Mich. Distributor: .for. Excelsior . Auto-leey .

Detroit. moh-





 





   

   

   





 





 





glllllllfllMlI|llIlllilllllIlulll|l||[IllI||IlllllllHll|IIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllll||lllllIlllllIlIllIl|||I|IIllll|llIII[IllIIlIIIllIIHIlIlIllllIIlllIlllllIlllllilllIlllll|||lllI||lllllIllIll|IllllIllIIIllIll|IIIlllllililllll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllE

a g

s - a

Horticulture-

film"Ill|||llIlllIllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llIllllllIII|IIlllIIIIllIIllllllllllll|lllllIIllll|IllIll|Illllllllllllll|llll|Illlllllllllllllllllllllllg





Exhibiting Fruit at the Fairs.





E have, now showing in the



orchard, the results of the



season’s work. If we have

poor results we find excuses, and

blame nature and the weather for the

results we got. If we have good re-

sults we take all the credit ourselves

and are proud to show the results of

our ability. Egotistical? Yes, but it’s

human nature, and the man who does

not feel proud is the exception rather

than the rule.



There is not a better place to show

the results of our work than at the

fairs, either local, county or state.

Here we have plenty of chance to

ShOW the products of our orchard and

to come into friendly rivalry with our

fellow fruit-growers. Besides the

spirit of contest, the exhibiting of

fruit at the fairs has many other ad-

vantages. The fact that one is ex-

hibting shows enterprise and adds to

one’s reputation of being up-to—date.

Then, too, the exhibition, if it is a.

creditable one, is a good advertise-

ment and if it has Won some prizes

is an especially good advertisement.

Exhibiting also gives one an opportu-

nity to compare his fruit with that of

others. We may have a very good

opinion of our fruit until we set it

beside that of someone else. Also,

your good fruit, with that of others,

constitute an exhibit of what can be

accomplished by good orcharding and

may lead others to better endeavors

along that line. '



Exhibit Only Fruit Free from Blem-

ishes.



Judging from the exhibits often

seen, many do not know what consti-

tutes a good exhibit from the judges

standpoint, and on that account, while

they have good fruit on hand, they

may lose many prizes they would oth-

erwise win.



The first essential is to have fruit

free from blemishes, as blemishes, es-

pecially those caused by insects and

diseases, are greatly discounted. Next

it is important to have all the speci-

mens of uniform size. Uniformity in

size constitutes good packing in a

commercial way, as well as good ap-

pearance in an exhibition. A plate of

four medium sized apples, topped off

with one large one, may look good to





.the casual observer, but the judge is





likely to take the top one off and see

the lack of uniformity which has 0th.

erwise been hidden.



Uniformity of color is also essential

and uniformly well colored fruit is

given much consideration by the

judge. It is better to have a lack of

color and have it uniform, than to

have afew specimens well colored and

the others green.



Fruit Should be ,Normal in Size and

Shape.



The size and shape of the fruit

should be normal for the variety. For

instance, flat specimens of varieties

which are naturally oblong should not

be used and an oversized, as well as

undersized, specimen should be dis-

carded



Many people do not know the num-

ber of specimens which constitute a

plate of the various kinds of fruit, and

by not having the proper number of-

ten fail in winning a premium which

they would otherwise have received.

For apples, pears, peaches and quinces

the proper number is five, and for

crabapples and plums 12 constitute a

plate. For grapes, five bunches are

necessary for a plate.



It is a matter of personal preference

of the judge as to the wiping of the

fruit. .Most judges do not let that

matter influence, their judgment but

many Will discriminate against fruit





 





pon‘shed with paraffine wax or by oth-





er means, which Will cause an unnat- ,





urally high polish on the fruit.

Read Rules of Premium Lists.



The premium lists should be well

studied if fruit is being gathered for

the collection contests. Various col-

lections may be entered with dupli-

cate plates of the same varieties.

There may be a general collection,

one for market varieties, another for

dessert apples, and then the single

plate classes in which the more com-

mon varieties may be entered. It is,

therefore, advisable to take along

three or four plates of these varieties

for the various collections. A single

plate can not be entered in the sin-

gle plate classes and the collections

at the same time. Separate plates will

be needed for each contest entered.



In arranging collections for market

purposes, dessert purposes or family

use, it is advisable to use such varie-

ties as you have, which you consider

the best for the purpose, and have

them selected so that they will afford

a succession through the season.





Quality Counts.



For the larger and general collec-

tions, it should be kept in mind that,

while a larger number of varieties is

good, the quality of the fruit should

be given first consideration. An ex-

hibitor of a collection of a large num-

ber of varieties is often disappointed

when a smaller collection of fewer va-

rieties but better quality fruit is giv-

en the preference over his collection.

The judgment of the judge is not

wrong in such a case, but the exhibit-

or fails to realize the bearing good

quality has on making the judgment.



If the fruit has to be shipped, pack

it carefully to prevent bruising. The

soft and ripe fruit should be wrapped

individually and packed in small pack-

ages. The winter fruit may be put in

paper sacks, enough in each sack for

a plate, and then packed in barrels. In

any case, plenty of paper or excelsior

should be used in packing.



Varieties Should be Labeled.



Be sure that all of the varieties are

labeled, as many premiums have been

lost because the variety was not des-

ignated. It is a good plan to get the

labels ready at home, as there will be

plenty to do at the time of putting up

the exhibit.



Send plenty of extra specimens



along to replace those bruised in ship-

ment, and pack the fruit so that it

will unpack with the least confusion.

The time of unpacking and preparing

the exhibits is a busy and strenuous

one, and nothing should be left un-

done which will add to the work at

that time.

- The premium lists should be care-

fully studied so that there will be no

mistake in following the rules, and

the fruit should be sent to the fair

early enough so that it will be put in

place by noon of the first day.



Exhibiting at fairs is not, in the

words of a common expression, “easy

money,” but it is worth while in what

is gained in experience as well as

premiums.





 





BOOK NOTICE.





“The Business of Farming,” is the

title of a book written by Wm. C.

Smith, which deals comprehenswely

and in an interesting manner, with all

phases of farming. It gives due con-

sideration to financial, social and phy-

sical problems of the farm and farm

life. “By-products of the Farm,” Book-

keeping on the Farm,” “Care of Farm

Machinery,” and “Staying on the

Farm.” .are the headings of a few of

the 24 chapters which constitute the

book. Published by Stewart & Kidd

Qompanywpinclnnati. Ohio. Price. $2.





 





{A n -H ,_.-_..__+-





 





._ e-_._ .3.‘ "Aw- _. n. .. .... e. ..





 





l.
,.—-.—..—.... . -.m.__‘_—._._,.v_.._.. . .





in ...,- i, __ __ , _,_,_-_,_,___ +-





 





 





 





AUG. 29, 1914.





Practical





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





glllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllll|llll||IIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllillllllll|IllllIlilllllllllllllllllll. lllllIlllllllll|llll|IlllllIllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllfl





 





Science.





Ell"IIIIIllllI||IlllllIIIIllllIlllIlllllll[IIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllilllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllIIIHIIIHIllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllgfl—





CANNING VEGETABLES IN THE

HOME.





 





BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.



One of the many problems that con-

front the American housewife is the

supply of vegetables for her table dur-

ing the winter months. “What can I

have for dinner today?” is a question

often heard. Since the advent of the

modern greenhouse and the forcing of

vegetables under glass, fresh vegeta-

bles can usually be found at any time

in the markets of the large cities.

But the cost of forcing vegetables or

growing them out of season is, and

will continue to be, very great. This

makes the price so high as almost to

prohibit their use by people of moder-

ate means, except as a luxury. A

healthful diet, however, must include

vegetables, and therefore the house-

wife turns to canned goods as the only

alternative. These are sometimes poor

substitutes for the fresh article, es-

pecially the cheaper commercial

grades, which necessarily lack the del-

icate flavor of the fresh vegetable.

There is practically no danger, how-

ever, from contamination with tin or

other metals providing the containers

are made of proper materials and

handled carefully. In some cases the

proper care is not taken in packing

vegetables for market. The decayed

and refuse portions are not so care‘

fully removed as they should be and

the requisite degree of cleanliness is

not observed in their packing. Hap-

pily, however, such carelessness is not

general.



Every housewife may run a minia—

ture canning factory in her own kitch-

en, and on the farm this is especially

economical and desirable, the econ-

omy being less pronounced in the case

of city dwellers, who must buy their

fruits and vegetables. Enough vege-

tables annually go to waste from the

average farm garden to supply the ta-

ble during the entire winter. But us-

ually the farmer’s wife Cans her toma-

toes, preserves her fruits, and leaves

her most wholesome and nutritious

vegetables to decay in the field, under

the impression that it is impossible to

keep them. This is a great mistake.

It is just as easy to keep corn or

string beans as it is to keep tomatoes,

if you know how.



The Science of Sterilization.





The art of canning or preserving in,





one form or another, is almost as old

as history itself. The early Chinese

possessed this secret long before the

era of modern civilization, but “the

reason why” which lay back of the art

has only recently been thoroughly ex-

plained.



The great secret of canning or pre-

serving lies in complete sterilization.

The air we breathe, the water we

drink, all fruits and vegetables, are

teeming with minute forms of life

which we call bacteria, or molds, or

germs. These germs are practically

the sole cause of decomposition or

rotting. The exclusion of air from

canned articles, which was formerly

supposed to be so important, is un-

necessary, provided the air is sterile

or free from germs. The exclusion of

air is necessary only because in ex-

cluding it we exclude the germ. In

other words, the air which has been

sterilized or freed from germs by heat

or mechanical means, can be passed

continuously over canned articles

without affecting them in the least. If

a glass bottle is filled with some vege-

table which ordinarily spoils very rap-

idly—for instance, string beans—and,

instead of a cork, it is stoppered with

a thick plug of raw cotton and heated

until all germ life is destroyed," the

beans will keep indefinitely.



‘The air can readily pass on and out





of the bottle through the plug of cot-

ton, while the germs from the outside

air can not pass through but are

caught and held in its meshes. This

shows that the germs and their

spores or seeds are the only causes of

spoilage that we have to deal with in

canning—(Extracts from Farmers’

Bulletin 359).

(Continued next week).





 





LABORATORY REPORT. ,





 





Nutrients in Cottonseed Meal.





What per cent of protein in 100 lbs.

of ground cottonseed before it is

pressed? What ingredient is removed

by pressing? Do they make lard com-

pound from the oil? Does it require

a special grinder for grinding the cot-

tonseed? Is the oil pressed out of the

common commercial brands generally

sold to farmers? Which makes the

best feed, cottonseed pressed, or un-

pressed? SUBSCRIBER.





Cottonseed contains in its natural

condition, about 18 per cent of pro-

tein, that is, 18 pounds in every 100

pounds of cottonseed is protein. It

likewise contains approximately 20

pounds of oil, or fat, and about 23

pounds of crude fibre in every 100

pounds of the cottonseed.



In pressing cottonseed, the oil, or

fat, is the ingredient which is chiefly

removed. We are not thoroughly fa-

miliar with the exact technique of

the cottonseed grinding proposition,

but after grinding the crushed cotton-

seed is subjected to hydraulic pres-

sure and the oil is expressed in this

manner, in a way quite similar to the

manufacture of cider. The residue, or

cottonseed cake, is ground and sold as

cottonseed meal, or when exported is

usually exported in cake form.



The common commercial brands of

cottonseed meal have had the greater

percentage of the oil removed, and

contain on the average five 0: six per

cent of fat. The removal of the oil

from cottonseed meal naturally con-

centrates the residue, or the cake,

therefore, these ingredients in the cot-

tonseed meal which are not removed

by such pressing would be much high-

er'in the cottonseed meal than in the

ground cottonseed.



This is why cottonseed meal is such

an admirable source of protein. The

protein remaining after pressing nat-

urally becomes concentrated by the

removal of the oil, etc., and so we

find cottonseed meal on the average

running about 40 per cent of crude

protein. This is considerably higher

than most other natural feedstuffs and

is the main reason for the value of

cottonseed meal as a concentrate.





The oil expressed from the cotton-

seed is used for a variety of purposes.

Some of it finds entry into lard, form-

ing a lard compound. Still more of it

becomes mixed with lard, and oleo

oil from tallow, and with butter, to

make margarine, or oleomargarlne as

it is known in this country. It is

used also for salad purposes and as a

substitute for olive oil. It is used

likewise a great deal for shortening

purposes and a new process which

has been discovered, by changing its

molecular composition, makes cotton-

seed oil solid and it then takes the

place of lard for cooking.



Until recently cottonseed oil was

shipped abroad from this country to

Italy and Spain; there refined, mixed,

blended and returned to this country

as olive oil, but the science of food

chemistry has progressed so far that

this fraud has been uncovered and the

practice stopped.



It is generally conceded that the

best feed is the regular cottonseed

meal from which the largest percent-

age of the oil has been removed. We

do not know of any cases whatever in

the northern states where crushed cot-

tonseed alone is used.





 





 





 





5-161





 





 

 

 





The 999 and Qply Tractor





for Medium-mpg Farm‘s‘





This. I claim. is the , the Olds Engine Oompan . Some of my first an-

only tractor w h l c h . gineis are still at) 30:13:! thbxoiheve negro engines of

. mv esign ar :1 u a an 0 er.

gigglgfi tiyé‘sill‘z‘g { efore announcing the Bates Xll-Bteel Tractor 1i

0





 

 

   

   

   





.built and sent out near] 100 machines. Then

180.200. 240.320.640 'watched these tractors gloss y. Each has done

acres etc. Read the Sapiendid work. including those I built five 1gears

following facts. Then ago. Thus have I proven my claim that the ates

Judge for yourself. is the only truly practical tractor for medium-sized





arms.

The Bates Tractor is ' .’ Many men who once thought their farms too small

not Inn-do of iron- It 16 for tractors have changed t eir minds since seeing

all steel. which lessens mine. ~





its weight by about 8,000 some 'nteresting Polnts





x...



H. p. BATS! ounds. Thus the engine



as but 1m” the usual / My tractor is all steel. Steel that costs 110 or

aid for iron use in





   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





dead wel lit to all. This means an astoundin .

saving o powerland fuel. And Lou can pull tong i Wnnd “9 “gum“ 3° per pound





. other tractors. It weighs on y 8,000 poun s. Its

12:92,: gazhfiggfigfiififiggf}? w ere.the ordinary drivers are 18 and 24 inches wide. The cab is en-





\



_ , - closed. The ranmr power is 18 to 20 horsepower.



bigness: use: sass. Breasts? a... ..... to .0 homewor- H... .w. speeds»



In to finish u the 'ob And u can etp Transmission and all wearing parts are in dust-



bag roads and g ak bar-id. es ithyc? t Ian .nover - proof case and run inoil. The machine automatic-

How u out hugs-own? ?w heuBgtes Tragctor ally oils itself. Cooling fan is ball-bearing and lo



a... n enemy F0... 50...... pack meson ‘ -tats“-r:2:§.:ra..£°“ancestries rail:



, ' ° . l



nguB 2n tfifgdtmfi ”liowmg?“w“h thngMfils- sides. gears always in mesh. External contractin



d l :09; dI cth oping. by f)!“ 9’11“ “95 i9 friction clutch. Controlling Ieversall inaradiuso

rver an e 99" re 3° ' owp a 0m 5 12 inches. Only one adJustment. li ing, sitive





arallel with and connected to engine platform. ' -

£10 getting 03 to handle glows. No heavy lifting . fgtit‘cllgggfigsgiission. Stripping 0f gears are lpplnc .





Oan plow any place that orses could go—up hil , 0“...—

ero Kerosene Practically





dpfilhillslgn rougliii, {gcky grotpnd: 1p sandy soil”



s u c. o oo o . a 0 so ;



wild "gum tn 0 s' m a on m or . With my oil carburetor, that we are building in

The Bates Tractor walks right up a quer- ~ our own plant we can use kerosene equally as well



for pitch slant with 4 plows working behind. as gasoline. We guarantee our machine not to



Can fiat our plows in and out of the around bother with carbon or tar by the use of this fuel.



use. ““tit“.T¥VEirV%t°iE§“iir a t



ow as on us an , e no e . on use '



tractor for discing. seet ing, rolling. shelling My TWO Bottom out“.



corn. husking corn filling silo. cutting en- I have added a 16 H. P. on ine and two bottom /



silage. runnin fee (tinder. threshing ma- plows to our line that was t oroughly tested last



01111190 clover “1191‘- bean thresher. W929 year. Don’t buyaplain engine,thatwill standstill



“W0 ”W mill. “0- , :1; ‘ _ 14. 113101;“ oéetlfi tintie. tgaty aifiittlrz mpre and geti the



y a ess e rac or, a w no on yrunyour arm



My 22 Years EXPerience machinery but will haul your manure spreader.

Ibuiltmy first gas engine2‘2years ago. Thefirst'. load your hay. draw your plows. and do all the



made in Michigan. That was 1892. when I was with' heavy draw bar work.





M. F. BATES, Bates Tractor Con ..l.°.’s.. ,Lansing, Mich.





THE BATES ALL-STEEL TRACTOR ”





Works Any Place

I Hora. Can Go





 

 

 





   





too How It Tum.

Square Corner.





 

 





 

 

 





RUN 0N KEROSENE





6c for 1 0 Hours

Ellis Engines develop more power on cheap lamp

oil than other engines do on high-priced gasoline.

Will also operate successfully on distillate, petrol,

alcohol or gasoline. Only three working parts.





prevent damage to eggs. garden



truck. fruits or live stock on road to



market. Make an wagon a spring wagon. Soon



save cost—produce rings bigger prices~wagon



lusts longer—horses benefited. Thousands in use.

“My wagon rides like auto" says one u er.





s

MADE [IKE FINEST AUTO SPRINGS

Same principle—same care-same high-quality steel

In Harvey Bolster Springs as in finest automobile

springs. In resiliency, durability and appearance they

cannot possibly be excelled- The Standard Springs





have atentthrottle via three on-

p 8‘ g of America since 1889. Get a pair at your dea-





gines in one; force-feed oiler; auto-

mobile type muflier; ball-bearing

governor adjustable while run-

ning and other exclusive features.

I! KE U BOVE l —

Every engine sent on 30 days' up-



roval. 10-year Guarantee. Special



actory prices on all sizes. Thou-

lands of satisfied users. Write {or

big new 1914 catalog and special

discount prices. We Pay Freight.

ELLIS ENGINE (30., 110 lulletl SL, Delroli.lich.





 





 





WHITE CEDAR VFENCE PGSTS‘Ii‘viihiTE





Government Farmers’ Wanted'alffii‘gfifi‘fi‘fi‘ Cedar Fence Posts, ft..8 It. and 10 ft. len he.





 





 





1 - r! _ - Special attention given to farmer club orders, rite

Good balary. Write OZMEN l. 17 F. St. St. Louis. M0 for prices and terms. F. G COWLEY, Ogcoda, Mich.





 

 

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   





 





Wheat or Straw?





On some of the best wheat land the crop runs to

straw. This is because there are not enough avail-

able mineral foodsto balance the manure or clover.



A field test on such land showed that Potash

increased the grain from 20 bushels on unfertil-

ized soil to 31 bushels where





' POTASH 4





Was used, and to 37 bushels where Potash and

phosphate were used. Both were profitable.

Supplement the humus of Such land with 200 lbs.

acid phosphate and 30 lbs. Muriate of Potash or

12 5 lbs. Kainit per acre. Potash Pays.





“your dealer does not sell Potash, write us for prices,

stating uantities required. and ask for our free book on

Fall ertilizers.” Study of the fertilizer question

means saving and profit to you.





GERMAN mu woass. Ina.

NEW YORK —42 BROADWAY





CHICAGO— McCormick Block

“W ORLEANS—Whitney Central Bank Building

SAVANNAH—Bank & Trust Building

ATLANTA—Empire lulldin

BAX EMOIBOO— 26 California fittest





 





   

   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





RIGHT PROPOR-

TION OF HEAD

TO STRAIN





 

 

 





TO

5TRAW





 





 





 





V'W—hon. writini to advertisers please mention The. Michiésn Farmer. ,
162—6





 





THE MICHI‘IGAN‘F'ARMER





AUG. 23.1914. .. 7 ..





 





ORTER





2,; 1mm BARN

\ EQUIPMENT





A clean Barn

00w comfort

More Milk

Added Profits

less labor



' are results where Porter

. fixtures are used. Any

cow, to do her he: must

, have the comfort,c eanli-

' ness and contentment

. suchasPortorDairyBam

‘ Equipment affords. It

; will actually pay for it-

. self in a. year in added

profits. Modernize your

, barn, make more money

‘ and snveworkbyinstalling

‘ fixturesbearingthe name

that standsf or recognized

, leadership. "’Porter.





Wemnnufacture thebest

litter-carrier. ha car-

rier. bani door n;-

ers, etc. on the market.





 





 





 





 





 





1 Let our barn experts

‘ help you. Send us sketch

‘ showingsizeand arrange-

mentofyour buildingand

we will send floor plans

complete, free.



Writofo'r Catalog No. 69.





‘3 ll --E PORTER co,

. [I OTTAWA, ILL.





"FEM“ Pertect Barn Equipment





 





 





memes-emcee”





 





 





 





 





 





THRESHING





of Beans and pens with a. guaranteed OWens

Thresher. All your seed separated and

ilenned from the vines anl rods without.

splitting. W :1 and bean grnninv is the

1111 st profitable fanning if handled right





OWENS 333331312

Bean and Pea Thresher





-Mnde in 4 Sizes—

will pay for itself many times over in one

season. Guaranteed not in split the seed

and take all from the vines.

FR EBOOK



Send in our free lnEok of valuable lllfOflIl'L-

tion about bean and pen culture. lllustra.

(inns and description of our machines.

Facts and figures slmwinr results obtained by

users of our llullivrshwrite today. Dept, 6.





J. L. OWENS COMPANY





I8 Chamber of Commerce Bld

M NNEAPOLIS. MINNESOT a





 





 

   

 





ROSENTHAL

Corn Husker

and Shredder





No. ICyclone

Most economleal and satisfactory way of handling

your corn crop. No delay. no extra help. Do it in





flour own spare time. Only 61; o 8 h. p. to run it.

uilt on same sturdy, success lines as our larger

machines. Absolutely safe to operate. 19 years in the field.





SOLD ON TRIAL '33.???





toting horsepower of your engine





ROSENTHALCORN HUSKERCO. Box wanna, Wis.

Also makers of Feed Cutters and Srilo Filler





 





 





 





Michigan Livestock Insurance (:0.

Capital Slack—$100,000. Surplus—$100,000.

Home Office—Charlotte, Michigan.





Only Home (30., in Michigan.





' COLON C. LILLIE President.

H. J. WELLS, -:- Secretary-Treasurer.





HARVICTIR with binder d-

tnchment. cuts and throws in

iles on harvester or winrows.

an and horse cut ands hock

equal to a corn binder Sold in

every state Price om y :20 00





”Rb“. fodder binder. J. D. Borne. Boswell Colo" writes:

Mrloglpuolelgflo'rlt :oot.tlod





 





 





 





 





éllllllllIll-llllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllll' lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllHllllllllllllllllllllillillllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllullllllllllllllllllllllllllg

s - s

L1ve Stock.

fillmflllfllflllllllllllllllllIilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllfllllllllflilllIlllllllllllllllll'llllllllllll|IlllUllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIIlllIHilllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllE





SUGGESTIONS FOR THE CONTROL

AND PREVENTION OF HOG

CHOLERA.





 





The extreme prevalence of hog chol-

era last year and the great losses, sus-

tained, are still vividly impressed up-

on the minds of farmers and breeders,

and considerable thought is undoubt-

edly being given as to the best way

and means of preventing a like oc-

currence this year.



It must be borne in mind the dis-

ease is of germ origin, and is acquired

by hogs through contamination of

their food supply. This contamination

may take place in a variety of ways,

principally, however, by birds, dogs

and man carrying the disease germs

on small particles of dirt or manure

gathered up from places where the

disease has been or is present.





The majority of hog pens are in a

filthy condition, as a result of the ac-

cumulation of litter and manure gath-

ered through months and perhaps

years. Many times food is scattered

in the pens and becomes contaminat-

ed by all kinds of filth before being

eaten by the hog, hence if cholera has

existed the litter and manure has been

saturated with the body discharges of

sick animals, and is alive with germs.





To control the disease, owners of

hogs must be educated to the import-

ance of sanitary measures, and not be

permitted to lapse into indifference

because of the possible use of serum

as a cure or preventive.



A steady war should be waged on

pigeons and crows, which feed in in-





fected pens and carry the disease all~





over the vicinity.

Dogs are frequent carriers of the





 





 





 





Welsh... 1nd cote] free showin picture's.“ be:

m. Addreu man airmen "pun-1a, Kenn.





disease and should not be allowed to

run at large, even on owner’s premis-

es, if cholera exists in the neighbor-

hood.



Stock buyers, strangers, and neigh-

bors visiting the premises should keep

away from hog pens, and the individu-

al owner should not let his curiosity

lead him to tramp near or in hog pens

belonging to his neighbor.



A11 outbreaks must be quarantined

and only the owner or his help allow-

ed to go near the diseased animals.

To curtail the losses, the single treat-

ment should be given and the operator

and helpers must take the precaution

of using rubbers while working, re-

moving and disinfecting them after

completion of the vaccination.



Explicit directions should be given

by the veterinarian that pens are to

be cleaned daily and disinfected with

a solution of cx‘eosol, U. S. P., six

ounces to a gallon of soft water.





Above all, dead hogs are to be bur-

ied or burned. Allowing dead hogs to

remain unburied, the placing of dead

hogs in low places, or dried up water

courses, should be made a misdemea-

nor. If no statute covers these mat-

ters, then sanitary authorities should

adopt regulations which will effective-

ly deal with them.



Wagons used in removing dead hogs

or in drawing away litter and manure

from the pens, should under no cir-

cumstances be taken on to the public

highway.



Thorough and complete disinfection

of the pens and yards should be prac-

ticed daily, using the disinfectant of

the strength already described. Where

outbreaks occur, stock buyers should

be warned against visiting the prem-

ises and should be advised of the

great danger there is in his carrying

the infection from farm to farm, and

to avoid it by using rubbers, to be re-

moved and disinfected after visting

individual farms, no matter whether

cholera exists on the premises or not.



Railroad stock yards are a prolific

source of spread, and a. regulation





should be issued forbidding the re-

moval of hogs from stock yards ex-

cept for shipment by rail for immedi-

ate slaughter. Railroad yards and

pens should be cleaned of all litter

and manure and then disinfected af-

ter each shipment.



Persons delivering stock to these

yards should be warned, by posted

notices, to avoid going into “yards.”





Prevention.





As the disease is without doubt tak-

en up with the food supply, the ques-

tion arises: How best protect it from

infection?



It is suggested that small feeding

pens be built with closely woven wire

fence to which hogs should be admit-

ted only at feeding time. These pens

should have a cement floor, which

must be kept clean of all litter and

manure and then sprinkled with the

solution previously mentioned. Also,

troughs should be disinfected and lift-

ed off the floor and exposed to the

sun.



Sleeping quarters should be arrang-

ed so they can be kept cleaned and





disinfected. Good pastures away from.





water courses and roads are neces-

sary, in order to prevent any infec-

tion being carried by stray animals,

or from contaminated watel.



As a further precaution, not only

against hog cholera but against var-

ious parasites which swine are often

troubled with, a dipping vat can be

built with very little expense and a

cheap disinfectant used.



The disease is not borne in the air

but is acquired by taking into the sys-

tem the disease germs.



Protect your hogs from coming in

contact with sick hogs and protect

their food and water supply from con-

tamination.



When the disease has existed, it is

wise to provide new quanters entirely

for the brood sows. While young pigs

from immune mothers carry an immu-

nity for a. short time they are liable

to infection later if permitted to re-

main in infected quarters. It is well

to plow and seed the old yards.



Dr. H. S. WARD,

Pres. U. S. Live Stock Sanitary Ass’n.





 





KEEP THE LAMBS GROWING.





 





An item of too great economic im-

portance to be overlooked or under-

estimated is that of keeping the

lambs growing after weaning. If the

nursing ewes have had good pasture,

supplemented by a light grain ration

to balance up the feed, the lambs

ought to be in a thrifty growing con-

dition, not overly fat, but possessed

of large frames covered with a healthy

flesh development. It is essential at

weaning time that the lambs be well

grown and in physical condition to

well withstand the shift to self-de-

pendency. Lambs incapable of endur-

ing separation from their mothers at

this time without a noticeable setback

are likely to prove unprofitable for

winter feeders.



Despite skillful management a lack

of uniformity generally manifests it-

self in the lamb crop at weaning time.

This prevalent defect can not be alto-

gether corrected, as some ewes trans.

mit vigor and thrift to their progeny

to a degree not possessed by other

members of the flock, consequently

causing an uneven development of the

lamb crop. This, of course, is a. hand«

icap in fitting the lamb crop for im-

mediate marketing, but should not

discourage any flock owner in putting

forth an effort to partially remedying

the difficulty, as surprising results can

be secured through proper feeding In

promoting uniform development after

the lambs have been weaned. I have

observed that some lambs that have





 





not done as well as they should dur-"

ing the nursing period seem‘ to make]





wonderful growth after weaning large-

ly because of the change of feed.

Stunted lambs, of course, are prac-

tically hopeless cases and are bound

to be unprofitable.



Regardless of whether the lamb crop

is to be marketed during the early fall

or held for winter feeding, every ef-

fort should be centered on encourag‘

ing the lambs to make rapid and eco-

nomic gains. If it is the intention of

the owner to put his lamb crop on an

early fall market, an extra effort to

fit the lambs as rapidly as possible

will not only result in more economic

gains, but will also invite the pur-

chaser to pay the top market price.

Both these ends are worthy of every

effort on the part or the flockowner,





as every dollar gained adds that much .





to the net profit. In case it is desir‘

able to sell the lamb crop early in the

fall, the ration should be so com-

pounded as to encourage the lambs to

take on flesh rapidly. Bone develop-

ment should, of course, not be entire-

ly lost sight of, but stimulating flesh

formation to give the lambs a finished

appearance at marketing time should

be the first consideration. Lambs that

are to be Withheld for winter feeding

should be fed for large frame devel-

opment and not.encouraged to take

on fat too rapidly.



The lambs, as soon as weaned,

should be turned onto some tender,

easily digestible pasture. With the

growing season for pasture grasses

about over, this is not always easily

obtainable, but the foresighted flock

owner has made preparation for this

emergency. Meadows, either clover or

mixed grasses, generally supply an

abundance of very acceptable forage

for the lambs following weaning.

Where new seeding has made excel-

lent growth it will not injure the crop

to pasture it conservatively. I have

pastured new seeding for years when-

ever conditions were favorable, with-

out bad results. But do not abuse the

practice. The flockowner who has

sown a patch of late rape has some

excellent feed at hand. Rye sown in

the corn just before the last cultiva-

tion will prove an excellent resource

for fall pasture.



It is not an evidence of Wisdom for

any flock owner to rely entirely upon

pasture, no matter how good, to en~

courage the lambs to make the most

rapid gain during the fall season. If

the lamb crop is being prepared for

early fall market a grain ration is a

vital matter in addition to pasture.

Lambs being prepared for fall market

should be supplied with a ration con-

taining a high percentage of fat-form-

ing elements to encourage taking on

flesh rapidly. To my notion, there is

nothing better than a ration of equal

parts of oats and coarsely cracked

corn., I think the lambs digest crack-

ed corn more easily than the Whole

grain, and do much better in compari-

son. If the lambs are to be kept and

finished during the winter on dry

feed, encourage both bone and flesh

growth by feeding a well balanced ra-

tion, something that will go well with

the pasture and prove an economic

feed.





Shiawassee Co. L. C. REYNOLDS.





 





Recent suggestions of the Master

Butchers’ Association convention that

the government prohibit slaughter of

female calves, by legislative means,

and also finance farming operations

for the poor citizens and encourage

them to raise live stock, are looked

upon by live, practical men engaged

in live stock pursuits, as chimerical.

Anti-calf slaughter legislation has

been demanded by theorists for a

number of years, but the belief exists

among practical folk that there can

be no increase in cattle production by

governemnt coercion, and that the

farmer when he feels that calf grow-

ing will be profitable for a series of





years, will require little more to ln-.





duce him to save his heifer calves.





4
AUG. 29, 1914.





3





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





7-163





 





1%!||IllIllIIllIIlIllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIIIlllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllg

E I 7;:

Da1ry.

g]llll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllIllllillllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllIIIllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





ESSENTIALS IN BUILDING A GOOD

DAIRY HERD.





 





 





First let me speak of the sire. He

should be a pure-bred animal, strong,

healthy and well formed. But he may

be all of these and be worthless as a

sire. If he is to answer the purpose

for which he is kept he must be able

to transmit the qualities of a good

dairy cow to his progeny. A few bulls

will do this in a marked degree, but

only a few.



In choosing a sire we need to pay

particular attention to the history of

the family from which he comes. A

few years ago I bought a grade Jer-

sey cow of a neighbor. She was near-

ly pure bred, but not quite. She was

a noble animal. Three of her heifers,

in fact, the only ones I have ever

known about, were remarkable pro-

ducers. I have two of them now. I

seldom milk either of them without

thinking of that old grade cow. For

practical use on the farm, I would

rather risk a bull from such a cow as

that, even though she were a grade,

than to take chances on a sire from a

family that I knew nothing about save

that they were registered animals.



Bull’s Pedigree Important.



Now, kind reader, do not make any

mistake—I am not advising the use

of a grade sire. I am only trying to

show that after all, it is the family

from which the bull comes that gives,

or does not give, reliable promise of

his future usefulness.



Still, after all, the only way to real-

ly know a sire is to try him out. A

number of the daughters of one of our

association bulls will freshen this fall,

and we are anxiously awaiting to see

the result, for this will be the final

test of the real worth of the animal

into which we have put our money

and a. large measure of our confi-

dence. If these heifers turn out as

well as we hope, the days of this bull

“Will be long on the Earth.” If they

do not, then we can get rid of him and

try again.



No matter how prepotent the sire

may be, the individuality of the cow

must always be considered. A few

years ago one of our neighbors bought

two cows in a near-by county. One

of them proved to be of little value,

but the other was the most remark-

able cow that has yet been owned in

our community. What was still bet-

ter, she was a producer of heifer

calves. Several of them have grown

to maturity and in each instance they

have been great producers.



Use Good Cows.



It takes time to build up a dairy

herd. Ordinarily, the cow produces

only one calf each year, and a lot of

these will never be cows. If the years

were long enough one might use a

very ordinary herd of cows as a foun-

dation, and by breeding to a good sire

he might some day have an excellent

herd. But life is not long enough to

wait for results from poor cows, ev-

en though they be bred to a good sire.



The man who is to produce a herd

that is really worth while must have

at least one or two excellent cows. If

these cows come from the right kind

of a family, that is to say, if their

dams were good cows, and if good

cows are the rule among those nearly

related to them, then there is little

doubt about the result when we are

fortunate enough to get heifer calves

from them. ,



Do not understand that I would not

keep a heifer calf from an ordinary

cow. Dairy products are in good de-

mand and an average cow will pro-

duce some profit, but the dairyman

should ever look forward to a time

when the average cow in his herd will

have given place to the great pro-I





ducer of butter-fat or milk, as the

case may be. We will keep these fair-

ly good cows for a time, but we will

ever look forward to a day when it

will no longer be necessary to have

them in our herd because we have

enough at last that are much better. .



The Man an Important Factor.



The greatest factor after all, in the

building of a profitable dairy and the

last one of which I shall speak, is the

man himself. He must read dairy

literature, he must read in order to

find out new things about his busi-

ness, he must read to keep up his in-

terest in the work he has undertaken,

and he must read to inspire courage.



It takes time to do any truly great

thing, and this is what tests out the

man. There are plenty of men who

can work for a time along any given

line, but the successful man must nev-

er lose his courage nor his faith in

the thing he is endeavoring to do. He

must be a worker, as dairying can

hardly be called a pastime. It is real

work, and the successful man in this

business must not shrink from his

share of actual labor.



He must like the business. If he

does like it, he will like the cow and

this fact will help a great deal. If he

likes her he will be kind to her and

kindness to a dairy cow is sure to

pay out in dollars and cents. If he

likes her he will study her, and more

and more this matter of the results

of right breeding and right' feeding

will appeal to him,



The best thing about it all is, per-

haps, that in the end it will be found

that the man has improved quite as

much as his herd. There are some

kinds of business that dwarf men. Oth-

ers seem to have little influence over

them. But the successful breeder of

dairy cattle is sure to develop into a

stronger and more able man as his

business grows. W. F. TAYLOR.





 





GIVE HEIFERS GOOD CARE.





 





The heifers that are to freshen this

fall and the dairy cows as well should

not be kept in the back pastures too

long after the pastures begin to fail.

The heifers especially that are to

freshen this fall should be taken to

the barn and kept with the dairy herd

where they can be fed a ration of sil-

age and grain for at least a month

before they freshen; six weeks would

be better. Don’t be afraid you will

lose any money by. feeding a dairy

heifer a good liberal grain ration for

six weeks before she freshens. That

is just the time to develop her udder

and put her in good heart to start off

in the work of life with a good chance

for her to make a profitable producer.



If you never have practiced this do

so this fall. It will pay. Besides the

grain ration the heifer should get

used to the stable conditions before

she freshens. If you have to break

her to all the stable conditions after

she freshens she would not do her

best for two months after freshening

and perhaps she never would.





 





JERSEY CATTLE DAY AT THE

STATE FAIR.





 





According to a vote taken at the

June meeting of the Michigan Jersey

Cattle Club, it was decided to claim

the day on which Jerseys are judged

at the Michigan State Fair, as Jersey

Day. As the judging of Jersey cattle

occurs on Wednesday, September 9,

hence Wednesday, September 9, will

be Jersey Day at the Michgan State

Fair. We hope and expect to see a

host of Jersey breeders present, also

legions of friends of the breed and

many people that are contemplating

entering the dairy business. The pol-

icy of the M. J. C. C. is constructive

and not destructive. Hence we are

not striving to pull down other breeds

of cattle and on their ruins to build

for our favorite breed, but we take

this occasion to make acquaintances,

compare notes and give facts relative

to our breed of cattle. We desire to

meet all Jersey breeders early Wed-

nesday, that they may secure tickets

for the banquet in the evening. Re-

member that the ladies are invited to

attend the banquet. A Jersey booth

or headquarters, will be maintained

on the grounds. Further particulars

later. - R. R. SMITH.





“'91.", quickly, cheaply and SAP ELY





IME IS MONEY on silofilling days. Most of the accidents

that occur in connection with filling silos are the results of

the rush to get much work done in short time. You can not



crowd an ordinary ensilage cutter without taking big risks of losing

your fingers between the feed rollers and of breaking the machinery

by careless feeding. But you are safe at all speeds when you use the





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Do not experiment with dangerous, slow and

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The Western Implement Company

112 S. Capitol Ave. Indianapolis, Indiana





Harris New Adjustable Cow Stall





is the most perfect. device of this kind. Easily adjusted by simply unfasten.

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Barn Equipment Catalog FREE





Write for this instructive book today sure. Tells all about

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Describes our complete line of Sanitary Barn Equipment.

considered “the best In the country" by thousands of

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BN.T.SiIo





Ensilago can't spoil in the B. V. T. through cracks or

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View of the B. V. T. Block. ‘- -

give a perfect seat for cement.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 

 





 

 

 

 

   

   

   





 





 

   

 

 





‘ I

3.1] The double inside. and outside walls absolutely

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B. v. 'r. SILOS A“ 5...... neurone-an .





AND FULLY GUARANTEED x“





Made of the finest Brazil glazed. vitrified fire-clay, as permanent as the everlasting hills.

Any mason can oroot It. Once up, it will stand for centu- / "‘

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facts. It In FREE. Sand for Bookld 0- £ '





We have just issued an interesting book of silo

BRAZIL HOLLOW BRICK AND TILE COMPANY. BRAZIL. lNDlANA.. .





 

 





 

 





   

 





DO NOT FAIL TO SEE OUR STATE FAIR EXHIBIT AT





A regular work eater





“I never saw such a hungry thing as the Blizzard.“

writes a user. ‘ I tried to clog it and couldn't,"writes

another. The com will be put in the silo. fast as you

can get it to the cutter. if you use a





I BUZZARD Ensilage .





Cutter





Makes big capacity possible with your regular

farm engine of 6 to 12 h. p. No silos too high.

Self-feed table. Absolutely sate. Simple. strong.



durable. Cuts evenly. Lasts for many years.

Write for Bllzaord catalog and get all the facts.





The Joe. Dick Mtg. 60., Box 24 coulomo.





I





 





 

 





 

 

 

 





Buys tho New. Buttor- . .

flylr. No.1. Light running,

easy cleaning. close skim-

mung, durable. Guaranteed .'

a lllotlmo. Skims 95 qts.

per hour. do also in {our ‘

' larger sizes up to 6 1-2 shown ere. .. .‘Y

' Earns its own cost ' ’ ‘

30 Days FreeTrIal “d marshy what

t saves in cream. _ out: Min 3 Free cut-

nlog folder and "du‘ect-from- actor-y” offer.

Buy from the nnnufncturer and save half.





'ALBAUGH-DOVER co. [

2195 Marshall Blvd. Juncnno





.9_5. AMERICAN

s ”plums.” CREAM

I53§BABATOR



sustains .siiii'iiiiié‘é





obtain our handsome free catalog Address

Save your money.





AMERICAN SEPARATOR C0. BAINBlaidc'EofiuJ.

Ask for price list.





WHULESALE FEED





THE BARTLETT 00.. 100 Mill St... Jackson. Mich.





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





$24





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





The Silo FiIEer With the Direct Drive !

Wonderful recent improvements of

-—reverses by wood friction t . I



sure. Self-feeder~with famofis'flfi‘iiellggg'

huge on. he! inch cut— 0 to 250 tons a da -

6 to 15 h. p. 20-year durability. “Ohio-eii't"

any big new features this year.

Write for folder B, free. I

k “M o d e r n

hods H Si Inge '





"Ohio”eclipse anythin ever before



grip. Patented Direct Drive——Shear cut— .



ails ,e famous—cuts all crops. Used by Ex-

also send 10c for 264-page

THE sliver! use. on





 





produced. One lever controFs all movements

non-explosive. non-clog ing. Enormous ton—

er‘ment Stations everywhere. Guaranteed. I

Salem. OhIo





Kalamazoo Center Shear

SllO Flllers TheONLYcenter-shearcut





machine :increases capacity.

lessens friction. saves power

.1, cost. Free catalog fully de-

. L: scribes this special patented



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"'4 breakable) knife wheel.



WIND TMK &. SILO 00.



Today Kalamazoo. Mich.



monstrous—Kansas City-No.Ft.Worth.Tex.





   

   

 

   

   





 

 

 





 





 





   





 





 





Saginaw Silos are selling fast. Those who get their

orders in now will be sure of delivery for filling time.

But this is the last call. You take chances on getting

a Saginaw Steel—Built Silo if you wait.



See Saginaw Agent in your locality. Tell him to get your order

in right away. Write nearest office. Do it today.





THE MCCLURE COMPANY SaginaW, Mich. Cairo, 11!.





Des Moin Ia.

(Formerly Farmers Handy Wagon Co.) St. Paul Minn. Ft. Worth, Texas,
164—8





T he MiChigan Farmer

Established 1843. Copywright 1914.





7 The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit .Mlchlzan

TELEPHONE MAIN 4525.



NEW YORK OFFIC 13—41 Park Row.



CHICAGO OFFC 13—604 Advertising Building.



CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave.. N. E.



PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—214118 Twelfth St. '





 





 





 

 

 





M_ L LAWRENCE. ................................. President

M. L. LAWRENCE-~- ---------- Vice-President

Ii. H. HOUGH’I‘ON ........... Sec.-Treas.





 





Assoicate

Editors





BURT WERMUTH ..................................

F. A. WILKm

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL........................





E. H. HOUGHTON .......................... Business Manager





I. R. WATERBURY ................................. }





 





 





TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:

One year, 52 issues .......................................... 50 cents

Two years, 104 issues ------- "$1.00

Three years. 156 issues-m 1.25

Five years 263155ucs ............................ 2.00

All sent postpaid.



Canadian subscriptions 50c a year extra for postage.



Always send money by draft. postot’rice money order.

registered letter or by express. We will not be responsible

for money sent in letters, Address all communications to.

and make all drafts checks and postoflice orders payable to.

The Lawrence Publishing Co.





 

 

 





 





We never, unless through error. send The Michigan

Farmer beyond the date subscribed to—our subscription price

being always due in advance, and sample copies always free.

No bills will ever be ‘sent should a' subscription through

error be continued after expiration.





RATES OF ADVER'I‘IsING:



40 cents per line agate type measurement. or $5.60 per

inch (14 agate lines per inch) per insertion. No adv‘t in-

serted for less than 51.20 each insertion. No objection-

able advertisements inscrted at any price.



Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

postofficc.





DETROIT, AUG. 29, 1914.





A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF

THE WEEK.





 





 





Theory and Practice of Weed De-

struction.—Practical advice re-

garding the best method of erad-

icating weeds .................. 158



Essentials in Wheat Seeding—A

discussion of methods in fitting

the soil and seeding for the best

results ......................... 159



Exhibiting Fruits at the Fairs.—

Practical instructions for prepar-

ing fruit exhibits .............. 160



Suggestions for the Control of Hog

Cholera—Sanitary precautions

recommended by the president of

the U. S. Live Stock Sanitary





Association .................... 162

Essentials in Building a Good

Dairy Herd—Pertinent advice





for the man who contemplates

going into the dairy business. . . .163

Plan to Play as Well as Work.—

Some important considerations

for the home—maker ............. 170

Unusual Methods of Marketing.—

Some suggestive examples of di-

rect selling .................... 172

Poultry Houses.——A discussion of

the essentials of correct housing.176





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





Each year every

farmer devotes

considerable time

and thought to

the planning of his season’s campaign,

to the end that the crops grown may

be such as are suited to his soil, cli-

matic conditions and market. This is

absolutely necessary in order that his

later efforts may meet with the max-

imum reward. And the more careful-

ly the campaign is planned the great-

er are the returns at the end of the

season, Other things being equal.



The planning of a season’s cam-

paign by the publishers of the farm-

ers’ trade paper is a similarly essen-

tial preliminary to the accomplish-

ment of the best work. And these

plans, so far as possible, should be

well considered during the busy sum-

mer season on the farm, to the end

that the available space may be utiliz-

ed to the best advantage during the

season of the year when the average

farmer has more time for reading and

before and during the time when he is

making the plans for his own farm

campaign. , '



Believing that such a course would

increase the efficiency of the Michi-

gan Farmer as a trade paper for the

farmers of Michigan, we have devoted

not a little time and thought to the

planning of “the special features for

the coming year which are announced





Plans for the Sea-

son’s Campaign.





~ Wanna-2mm waiwmm

_, , , .. ,. ,





.THE .MI'CHIGAN FAIR-M‘ER





on “the Cover page of this tissue. In

selecting these specialties and choos-

ing the authors who are to write upon

them, we have sought to add real in-

terest and value for every reader, no

matter whether he may be. farming

on an intensive or extensive scale, or

whether he is engaged in general or

spcialized farming. And in order that

Michigan farmers who are not now

taking the Michigan Farmer may be

encouraged to profit by this opportu‘

nity, we have made a special trial sub-

scription offer for their benefit as will

be noted from the announcement

above mentioned.



But the farmer who decides to en-

large along some special line when

planning his season’s campaign will

also plan not to neglect his establish-

ed line of work because of the added

specialty. No more will the publish-

ers of his trade paper make a similar

mistake. The special features an-

nounced for the Michigan Farmer for

the ensuing year will be in addition to

the usual features which have made

the paper a weekly visitor in some 80,-

000 Michigan farm homes for many

years. They have been briefly enu-

merated in our announcement by way

of illustrating to the reader the fact

that we have planned to make the

Michigan Farmer of greater assistance

and value to him than ever before in

making plans for his next year’s farm-

ing campaign.





The opening of the

Michigan fair sea-

son is at hand and

it will be profitable for every reader

to make definite plans to take advan-

tage of the educational opportunities

which these agricultural fairs will af—

ford. The first of the big fairs is the

Greater Michigan Fair, formerly

known as the West Michigan State

Fair, which will be held at Grand Rap-

ids, September 2-7, inclusive. It

should hardly be necessary to advise

the readers of the Michigan Farmer

that this fair has well earned the new

name which has been given it this

year. It has always been a great fair

and with enlarged grounds and many

new features which have been an-

nounced for this year, it will be great-

er than ever, and an educational op«

portunity of too great value to be

neglected by any who can possibly ar-

range to attend.



The State Fair, which will follow it

closely, should also be attended by ev«

ery farm family in the state, and the

extended dates of this event, Septem-

ber 7-18, inclusive, will afford ample

opportunity to choose a convenient

time for a visit to this great educa-

tional exposition. There is no way in

which any farmer can secure so much

valuable information relating directly

to his business so quickly and cheaply

as by attending these big Michigan.

fairs. Here the best of the state’s live

stock and agricultural products will be

on exhibit. Here the latest devices

for the doing of the various farm op—

erations can be seen and closely stud-

ied, many of them in actual operation.

Here will be found educational exhib-

its of many kinds, which will make a

lasting impression upon every person

who studies them carefully. Here, al-

so, will be found entertainment fea-

tures which are an added reason for

attending and an appreciated diver-

sion for every visitor. The educational

exhibits are sure to be so great and so

varied that no farmer can afford to

miss them who can possibly arrange

to take advantage of them.





Volumes have



Needed Plant Food been written re-

ConserVatlon. garding the need

of and profit to be



derived from the better conservation

of farm manures, yet much remains to

be desired along this line on the av-

erage farm. Important as this prop-

osition has been in the past, and val-l

uable as has been the too little heed-

ed advice regarding it, the need of

conservation along this line is un-

doubtedly greaterst the present time





The Fair Season.





 





than has ever before been the case in

the history of our agriculture. I



A full realization of the value of

any product always tends toward its

better conservation. The class of

farmers who have best appreciated

the‘ value of stable manure in the,

growing of maximum crops and in

keeping up the fertility of their soil

have long been practicing rigid con-

servation in the handling of this pro-

duct. These same farmers also, in a

majority of cases, have been the first

to learn the advantages to be gained

through the supplementing of the

farm manures by the use of available

plant, food in the form of commercial

fertilizers. Others have noted the'

beneficial results and the use of com-

mercial fertilizers has become more

extended each year.



As nearly every reader doubtless

knows, there are large deposits of

phosphate rock in this country from

which source most of the phosphoric

acid used in commercial fertilizers in

this and other countries has been de-

rived. On the other hand, most of the

potash salts used in the manufacture

of commercial fertilizers come from

Germany, where large natural deposits

of this ingredient of fertilizers exist.

The European war will‘cut off the

supply from this source for an indefi-

nite period, and in the meantime the

potash bearing salts available for use

in commercial fertilizers will be lim-

ited. While some sources of potash

exist in this country they have not

yet been developed as the product--

from these sources could not compete

in the open market with the natural

deposits of Germany.



This probable scarcity of chemical

potash for use in commercial fertiliz-

ers has a direct bearing on the conser-

vation of farm made manure for the

reason that by far the greater percent-

age of the potash in farm-made ma-

nures is contained in the liquid excre-

ment, which is the part usually wast-

ed where good methods of conserva-

tion are not practiced. In cow ma-

nure, for instance, 85 per cent of the

total content of potash is in the liquid

excrement, hence the importance of

the better conservation of this source

of needed plant food upon the average

farm. There is great opportunity for

increasing the products of Michigan

soils, the potash content of which is

quite generally deficient, by this

means. '





Managers of Ber-

rien and Van‘ Bur-

en county grape

associations met

at Lawton, August 18, and took up the

matter of higher refrigeration rates

by the railroads, the new schedule

showing an increase of $5 per car.

Formerly the icing charge on a car of

grapes to Chicago was $12, and this

year it is $17. The following tele-

gram was sent to the secretary of the

interstate commerce commission at

Washington: “As representatives of

grOWers and shippers of Van Buren

and Berrien counties, shipping this

season 4,500 carloads of grapes—esti-

mated we formally protest the unrea-

sonableness and pray your immediate

suspension of newly advanced refrig-

eration rates as they apply to grapes

and covered by Michigan Central and

Pere Marquette tariffs.”





The meeting was attended by Hale

Tennant, secretary of the St. Joe,

Michigan, Fruit Association; Joseph

Burkhard, manager Lakeside Vineyard

Co., Berrien county; R. E. Hanley,

secretary-treasurer North American

Fruit Exchange; W. C. Wildey, man-

ager Paw Paw Fruit Growers’ Union;

G. E. Prater, manager Wolverine Co-

operative Nursery Co.; H. E. Durkee,

manager Southern Michigan Fruit As-

sociation; A. D. Benway, manager

Michigan Fruit Exchange;

Thornton, president Southern Michi~

gan Fruit Association, and Wm. Stain-

tion, arbiter for the Van Buren County

Fruit Associations. ' '



Another matter of business taken~





Grape Men Protest

Freight Rates.





 





wags. 1914.





up was the securing of an arbiter for





"the Berrien county associations, simi-





lar. to the one‘ employed in Van Buren.

In this way the associations will be

able to keep in touch with each other,

knowing the number of cars shipped,

the number held over, estimated ship-

ments for the following day, and the

prices at which grapes are selling. In

other years the associations have been

working in the dark with reference to

prices and conditions of outside mar-

kets.



Team work of this kind is sure to

give profitable results in any industry.

More of it is needed in every depart-

ment of the agricultural field.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.



The War in Europa—Information

concerning the situation between the

beligerent nations Of Europe 15 very

meagre. It appears, however, that the

German armies have moved well

across Belgium and are approaching

the frontier of France.

taken on August 20 without the firing

of a shot. The Belgian forces retiring

to Antwerp and other positions toward

the coast and the French line. The

allied forces-are believed to be en-

gaged with the Germans along a line

extending from Mons to the frontier

of Luxemburg, a, distance of about 100

miles. Reports conflict as regards the

forts of Liege. The general impres-

sion, however, appears to be that they

have fallen. The French continue to

hold the passes in the Vosges moun-

tains and have pushed troops well for-

ward into Alsace-Lorraine. Increased

German forces, however, have checked

the advance in that quarter temporar-

ily at least. The Russians ha’Ve Invad-

ed Austria and taken a number of

towns. A six-day battle has also been

reported between the Russians and

Germans, the result of which is ques-

tioned, Germans declaring a victory

while Russian reports state that sev-

en Prussian cities have been occupied.

The Servians have thus far prevented

an Austrian invasion. While Italy is

still neutral, it is reported that she is

preparing to enter the conflict and

may declare war on Austria at any

moment.



Pope Pius X died in Rome on the

morning of August 20. He was in his

eightieth year, and had been at the

head of the Roman Catholic church

for eleven years. It is stated that the





shock of‘ the present war, together

with a weakened vitality, hastened

the end.





Japan has finally declared war upon

Germany. She will confine her opera-

tions against the European country to

the far east. The German naval base,

Kiauchau, a port leased from China

after the Boxer trouble, will be the

chief point of attack by both sea and

land forces. The Japanese will also





attempt to drive the German merx





chant ships from the Chinese coast.

Assurances have been made the Uni-

ted States that Japan will not attempt

any territorial acquisition.



A dispatch early Monday morning

stated that Emperor Francis Josef, of

Austria, is dying. Owing to the dim-

culty of getting news by the war cen-





sors, the report cannot be confirmed.





National.





The United States government is

endeavoring to encourage and protect

shipping from America during the

present conflict in Europe. An insur-

ance measure which provides for a.

reasonable rate of insurance on car-

goes promises soon to become law.

This assurance of the government will

place exportation of goods on practi-

cally a normal basis. A movement

had also started for the establishment

of.an American merchant marine, but

this program has not met with genera

a1 favor as yet.





Business opportunities for America

seem to be improved in many ways by

the European war. Germany’s heavy

trade with Great Britain and her de-

pendencies also with Spain, the Phil«

1pp1nes, other countries of the far east

and of South AmeriCa and Africa has

been cut off, and the demand for

goods of the same nature that can be

manufactured in this country is rap-

idly increasing.

ready started in the United States to

take advantage of the opportunities.





. The federal government proposes to

impose a special tax to make up de-

ficiencies incustoms revenue because

of the present cessation of imports. A

survey of Michigan’s share of such a

tax would probably aggregate $5,000,-





D. L. 000





The White Star liner Baltic arrived

last Saturday from Liverpool' and

Queenstown with 2,120 passengers,





1,500.-of which are American refugees.‘

There were also 6.000 sacks of'mail

aboard. , ’





Brussels was ,





Movements are 8.1- ~





 





 





l

J

!
/





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

IN FORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





‘fle FARM BOY '

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





E7





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week. Every article is writtten especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





Some Peculiarities of Modern Farming in India





By PROF. ALFRED VIVIAN.





NDIA is generally spoken of as a

country but it would be nearer the

truth to describe it as a continent.



In a direct line from north to south it

is nearly 1400 miles in length and al-

most as far from east to west in its

greatest breadth. In topography it

varies from the low, level plains to

mountain tracts, the highest in the

world, culminating with Nature’s high-

est peak, Mount Everest, which reach-

es an elevation of 29,000 feet. Of soils

it has every type from purest sand to

rich alluvium and stiffest,‘ clay. In

climate it experiences the scorching

tropical sun in one part and in anoth-

er is clothed in perpetual snow. In

area it is equal to half that of the

United States and the population is

over 315 millions, or nearly three and

one—half times that of our own coun-

try. India really consists of





through India are the long bridges,

(often more than a. mile in length),

over What are either dry ravines or

streams only a rod or two in width.

When told that during the rain season

these ravines have 30, 40 and 50 feet

of water in them he begins to realize

what the term “rainy season” may

mean. The Jumna River at Allahabad

which is a large riven even in the dry

weather, is said often to rise over 60

feet during the rains. This tremen-

dous preciptation during such a short

period, followed by months of cloud-

less sky and scorching sunshine, gives

rise to problems in agriculture not

met with in many other countries—

problems with which the writer can

not help but feel the native has but





turned into the field to weed it by

hand. It is customary to plant the

field with several kinds of seeds, the

farmer reasoning that if one kind does

not grow another may, and thus total

failure of crop be avoided. In one





field we found growing at one time,





barley, gram, mustard, flax and rape,

the first two being grown for food

and the other three for their valuable

oil-producing seeds. These crops will

have to be harvested separately by

hand, and as each becomes ripe, the

workers will go over the field pulling

up the plants of that particular crop,

by hand. In this way the field will

be gone over five or six times during

the‘season, every crop being uprooted,

for very seldom is any of it cut. The





 





 





several states more independ-

ent of each other than are the

states of the United States.

Some of them are ruled direct-

ly by the English, while others

are ruled by native princes un-

der English protection. One

hundred and twenty languages

are spoken within its borders,

and the inhabitants of one sec-

tion can no more understand

the language of another part of

the country than can a Span-

iard understand Italian. Of re-

ligions it has an endless vari-

ety, although nearly two-thirds

of the population profess Hin-

duism in some of its phases.



To most people India means

the great Ganges Plain, where

one-half of the total population

is condensed into one-sixth of

its area. The greater part of

our time has been spent in this

region, but over 5,000 miles of.

travel in India has enabled us

to see several other sections

as well. Over 80 per cent of

the population of this country

is engaged in agriculture in

some form or another, so that in In-

dia more than in most countries the

state of the agriculture reflects the

real condition of the people.



The great handicap with which the

Indian farmer has to contend is the

uneven distribution of the annual rain-

fall. A large proportion of the coun-

try receives suificient rain during the

year, if it was properly distributed,

but it all comes in two or three

months. During the rain season it

falls in torrents, and then follow at

least nine months during which time

scarcely a measurable quantity of wa-

ter is precipitated. Among the first

things observed by the traveler





 





 





Water Buffalo Draw Heavy Loads.





 





The Elephant is One of the Sources of Motive Power in lndia.





poorly coped, as may be seen shortly.



The tillage of the native farmer is

of the crudest kind. He employs a

plow which is little more than a point-

ed stickshod with iron. With this, if

he is especially industrious, he goes

three times over the field, first cross-

wise and then diagonally. This im-

plement merely scratches the surface

of the ground and in no way turns and

mixes it as is done by a properly

made plow. The seed is sown either

broadcast by hand before the last

plowing, or by means of a hollow bam-

boo attached to the plow. A man

drives the oxen and holds a funnel

over the top of the bamboo and a

woman, usually, walks

beside, dropping the

seed into the funnel.

This method, slow and

crude as it is, results in

the seed being more ev-

enly covered than is

possible by broadcast-

ing.



After planting, the

crop receives no more

attention until harvest,

unless it becomes abso-

lutely overrun by the

weeds, when the wom-

en and children are





women who are hired to do this work

are paid about $1.50 a month, the men

receive not to exceed $3 for the same

period, and this magnificent salary is

their entire wage, for they must find

their own food.



When the grain is harvested it is

threshed by spreading it on the

ground and drivng over and over it

with oxen or buffaloes. The continual

tramping loosens the grain and crush-

es and breaks the straw into small

bits. The straw prepared in this way

the native calls bhusa and he has child-

like confidence in its great feeding val-

eu. In fact, we were repeatedly in-

formed that this was the best food to

be had for cows, oxen

or buffaloes, and that it

was a much stronger

feed than clover or any

other hay produced on

the farm. Those who

buy feeds will pay

prices altogether out of

proportion for this ma-

terial, so strongly is

this belief in its high

feeding value ingrained

in the Indian’s nature.

As a matter of fact, the

cattle and oxen all ap-

pear underfed and few





of them are able to do a good day’s

work. They are so poorly nourished

when young that they require about

twice as long to mature as do the cat-

tle of Europe and America.



When the crop is removed from the

ground the soil is allowed to continue

drying out in the hot sun until the

succeeding rains, when it is again

scratched and planted. As far as we

have been able to observe, no system

of cultivation or intertillage is ever

used with any of the upland crops. By

the time the end of the dry season is

reached the ground is almost as hard

as stone, and no impression can be

made upon it until it is softened by

the rains. The result of this method

of handling the land is that when the

rains do come the surface of the

ground is so hard that the bulk of all

the water which falls upon it

runs off the surface and very

little soaks into the soil. The

tremendous floods of the rainy

season are in part, at least, due

to the fact that so little of the

water is absorbed and stored

in the ground. No one knows

how many thousands of years

this method of surface scratch-

ing, without disturbing the soil

for more than two or three

inches, has been going on and

the wonder is, not that the

present average crop of India.

is so small, but that the farm-

er gets any crop at all.



The first thing that the ryot

(as the cultivator is here

called) needs to have preached

to him is the gospel of deep

tillage. It would not be too

much to prophesy that if he

could be persuaded to plow the

ground deeply so as to have

at the beginning of the rainy

season, a deep, loose, open soil

to absorb the maximum of the

rainfall, he would not merely

be assured a much larger crop

but would at the same time do

much toward checking the present dis-

astrous floods. At the present time

many acres of land are almost ruined

yearly by gullying due to these floods.



Apparently the only tillage imple-

ment other than the plow known to

the ryot is a cross between a hoe and

a mattock—a heavy, short-handled in-

strument with which he does all kinds

of work. He uses the back of it to

break the clods if the soil is very

lumpy; with it he does whatever hoe-

ing he is compelled to do; and it is

his shovel when digging holes or re-

moving dirt. The city laborer as well

uses this implement for digging



(Continued on page 167).





 





Natives Carrying Products to Market.
, -maflflmsmtm,m





166-‘10





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER





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copyrighted by Frederick A. Stolen Company.





Winston of the Prairie





BY HARO LD BINDLOSS





 





.;.





 





CHAPTER I.



T was a bitter night. for the frost

had bound the prairie in its iron

grip. although as yet there was no



snow. Rancher Winston stood shiv-

ering in a little Canadian settlement

in the great lonely land which runs

north from the American frontier to

Athabasca. There was no blink of

starlight in the murky sky, and out

of the great waste of grass came a

'stinging wind that moaned about the

frame houses clustering beside the

trail that led south over the limited

levels to the. railroad and civilization.

lt chilled Winston. and his furs, some-

what tattered. gave him little protec-

tion. Ile strode up and down, glanc-

ing expectantly into the darkness,

and then across the unpaved street,

where the ruts were plowed a foot

deep in the prairie sod. towards the

warm red glow from the windows of

the wooden hotel. lie knew that the

rest. of the outlying farmers and

ranchers who had ridden in for their

letters were sitting snug about the

stove, but it was customary for all

who sought shelter there to pay for

their share of the six o‘clock supper,

and the half-dollar Winston had then

in his pocket was required for other

purposes.



He had also retained through all his

struggles a measure of his pride, and

because of it strode up and down, buf-

feted by the blasts until a beat of

horsehoofs came out of the darkness

and was followed by a rattle of

wheels. lt grew steadily louder, a

blinking ray of brightness flickered

across the frame houses, and pres-

ently dark figures were silhouetted

against the light on the hotel veranda

as a iurching wagon drew up beneath

it. Two dusky objects, shapeless in

their furs, sprang down, and one

stumbled into the post office close by

with a bag, while the other man an-

swered the questions hurled at him as

he fumbled with stiffened fingers at

the harness.



“Late? Well, you might be thank-

ful you‘ve got your mail at all,” he

said. “We had to go round by Willow

Bluff and didn’t think we’d get

through the ford. Ice an inch thick,

any way, and Charley talked that

much he‘s not said anything since,

even when the near horse put his foot

into a badger hole.”



Rude banter followed this but

\Vinston took no part in it. Hasten-

ing into the post office, he stood be-

traying his impatience by his very im-

passiveness while a sallow-faced wom-

an tossed the letters out upon the

counter. At last she took up two of

them, and the man’s fingers trembled

a little as be stretched out his hand

when she said:



“That‘s all there are for you.”



Winston recognized the writing on

the envelopes, and it was with difli-

culty he held his eagerness in check,

but other men were waiting for his

place, and he went out and crossed

the street to the hotel where there

was light to read by. As he entered

it a girl bustling about a long table

in the big stove~warmed room turned

with a little smile.



“It’s only you!” she said. “Now I

was figuring it was Lance Court-

horne.”



Winston, impatient as he was stop-

ped and laughed, for the hotel-keep-

er’s‘ daughter was tolerably well-fav-

ored and a friend of his. ‘ ’



“And you’re disappointed?” he said.

“I haven’t Lances good looks, or his

ready tongue."



The room was empty, for the guests

were thronging about the post office

then, and the girl’s eyes twinkled as

she drew back a pace‘and surveyed





iitllllllllllllllNIHtIllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlll 'lllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||ll|||||lllliiilllllliil|lilllllllIllllllIllIll|llllllllllllllIIIIlllllllllIllllllilllIlllllllllllllllllg





the man. There was nothing in his

appearance that would have aroused a

stranger’s interest, or attracted more

than a passing glance, as he stood be«

fore her in a very old fur coat, with a.

fur cap that was in keeping with it,

held in his hand.



His face had been bronzed almost

to the color of a Blackfeet Indian's

by frost and wind and sun, but it was

of English type from the crisp fair

hair above the broad forehead to the

somewhat solid chin. The mouth was

hidden by the bronze-tinted mustache,

and the eyes alone were noticeable.

They were gray, and there was a stead-

iness in them which was almost un-

usual even in that country where men

look into long distances. For the rest,

he was of average stature, and stood

impassively straight, looking down up-

on the girl, without either grace or

awkwardness, while his hard brown

hands suggested. as his attire did,

strenuous labor for a very small re-

ward.



“Well,” said the girl, with western

frankness, “there’s a kind of stamp on

Lance. that you haven’t got. I figure

he brought it with him from the old

country. Still, one might take you

for him if you stood with the light be-

hind you, and you’re not quite a bad-

looking man. It’s a kind of pity you’re

so solemn.”



Winston smiled. “I don’t fancy

that’s astonishing after losing two

harvests in succession,” he said. “You

see, there’s nobody back there in the

old country to send remittances to

me.”



The girl nodded with quick sympa-

thy. “Oh, yes, The times are bad,”

she said. “Well, you read your let-

ters. I’m not going to worry you."



Winston sat down and opened the

first envelope under the big lamp. It

was from a land agent and mortgage

broker, and his face grew a trifle

grimer as he read, “In the present

condition of the money market your

request that we should carry you ov-

er is unreasonable, and we regret that

unless you can extinguish at least half

the loan we will be compelled to fore-

close upon your holding."



There was a little more of it, but

that was sufficient for Winston, who

knew it meant disaster, and it was

with the feeling of one clinging des-

perately to the last shred of hope he

tore open the second envelope. The

letter it held was from a friend he

had made in a western city, and once

entertained for a month at his ranch,

but the man had evidently sufficient

difficulties of his mm to contend with.



“Very sorry, but it can’t be done,"

he wrote. “I’m loaded up with wheat

nobody will buy, and couldn’t raise

five hundred dollars to lend anyone

just now.”



Winston sighed a little, but when

he rose and slowly straightened him‘

self nobody would have suspected he

was looking ruin in the face. He had

fought a slow losing battle for six

weary years, holding on doggedly

though defeat appeared inevitable,

and now when it had come he bore it

impassively, for the struggle which,

though he was scarcely twenty-six,

had crushed all mirth and brightness

out of his life, had given him endur-

ance in place of them. Just then a.

man came bustling towards him, with

the girl, who bore a. tray, close be-

hind.



“What are you doing with that coat

on?” he said. “Get it off and sit

down right here. The boys are about





through with the mail and supper’s





ready.” ,

Winston glanced at the steaming



dishes hungrily, for he had passed



most of the day in the bitter frost,





eating very little, and there was still

a. drive of twenty miles before him.

"It is time I was taking the trail,"

he said.

He was sensible of a. pain in his left





it side, which, as other men have discov-





ered, not infrequently follows enforc-

ed abstinence from food, but he re-

membered what he wanted the half-

dollar in his pocket for. The hotel-

keeper had possibly some notion of

the state of affairs, for he laughed a.

little.



“You’ve got to sit down," he said.

“Now, after the way you fixed me up

when I stopped at your ranch, you

don't flgure I’d let you go before you

had some supper with me?"



Winston may have been unduly sen-

sitive, but he shook his head. “You’re

very good, but it’s a long ride, and

I’m going now,” he said. “Good-night,

Nettie ”



He turned as he spoke, with the

swift decision that was habitual with

him, and when he went out the girl

glanced at her father reproachfully.



“You always get spoiling things

when you put your hand in," she said.

“Now that man’s hungry, and I’d have

fixed it so he’d have got his supper’if

you had left it to me.”



The hotel keeper laughed a little.

“I’m kind of sorry for Winston be-

cause there’s grit in him, and he’s

never had a show,” he said. “Still, I

figure he’s not worth your going out

gunning after, Nettie.”



The girl said nothing, but there was

a little flush in her face which had

not been there before, when she bus-

ied herself with the dishes.



In the meanwhile Winston was har-

nessing two bronco horses to a. very

dilapidated wagon. They were vicious

beasts, but he had bought them cheap

from a man who had some difficulty

in driving them, while the wagon had

been given him, when it was appar-

ently useless, by a neighbor. The team

had, however, already covered thirty

miles that day, and started home-

wards at a steady trot without the

playful kicking they usually indulged

in. Here and there a man sprang

clear of the rutted road, but Winston

did not, notice him or return his

greeting. He was abstractedly watch-

ing the rude frame houses flit by, and

wandering, while the pain in his side

grew keener, when he would get his-

supper, for it happens not infrequent-

ly that the susceptibilities are dulled

by a heavy blow, and the victim finds

a distraction that is almost welcome

in the endurance of a petty trouble.



'Wihston was very hungry and

weary alike in body and mind. The

sun had not risen when he left his

homestead and he had passed the day

under a nervous strain, hoping, al-

though it seemed improbable, that the

mail would bring him relief from his

anxieties. Now he knew the worst,

he could bear it as he had borne the

loss of two harvests, and the disaster

which followed in the wake of the

blizzard that killed off his stock; but

it seemed unfair that he should en-

dure cold and hunger, too, and when

one wheel sank into a rut and the jolt

shook him in every stiffened limb, he

broke out with a hoarse expletive. It

was his first protest against the fate

that was too strong for him, and al-

most as he made it he laughed.



“Pshaw! There’s no use kicking

against what has to be, and I’ve got

to keep my head just now,” he said.



There was no great comfort in the

reflection, but it had sustained him be-

fore, and Winston’s head was a some-

what exceptional one, though there

was, as a rule, nothing in any way

remarkable about his conversation,

and he was apparently merely one of

the many quietly-spoken, bronze-faced

men who are even by their blunders

building up a great future for the

Canadian dominion. He accordingly.

drew his old rug tighter round him,

and instinctively pulled his fur Cap

down when the lights of the settle.-





ment faded,_hehind him and the creak-





.-$

I..-





AUG. 29. 1914. t





in: wagon swung out into the black-





ness of the prairie. It ran back league

beyond league, across three broad

provinces, and the wind that came up

out of the great emptiness emphasized

its solitude. A man from the cities

would have heard nothing but the

creaking of the wagon and the drum-

ming of hoofs, but Winston heard the

grasses patter as they swayed be-

neath the bitter blasts stiff with frost,

and the. moan of swinging boughs in

a far-off willow bluff. It Was these

things that guided him, for he had left

the rutted trail, and here and there

the swish beneath the wheels told of

taller grass, while the bluff ran back

athwart the horizon when that had

gone. Then twigs crackled beneath

them as the horses picked their way

amidst the shadowy trees stunted by

a. ceaseless struggle with the wind.

and Winston shook the creeping drows-

iness from him when they came, out

into the open again, for he knew it

is not advisable for any man with

work still to do to fall asleep under

the frost of that country.



Still, he grew a. trifle dazed as the

miles went by, and because of it in-

dulged inmemories he had shaken off

at other times. They were blurred re-

collections of the land he had left

eight years ago, pictures of sheltered

England, half-forgotten music, the

voices of friends who no longer re-

membered him, and the smiles in a

girl’s bright eyes. Then he settled

himself more firmly in the driving

seat, and with number fingers sought

a tighter grip of the reins as the mem-

ory of the girl’s soft answer to a ques-

tion he had asked brought his callow

ambitions back





He was to hew his way to fortune

in the west, and then come back for





her, but the girl who had clung to him,





with wet cheeks when he left her had

apparently grown tired of waiting, and

Winston sent back her letters in re«

turn for, a silver-printed card. That

was six years ago, and now none of

the dollars he had brought into the

country remained to him. He realized,

dispassionately and without egotism,

that this was through no fault of his,

for he knew that better men had been

crushed and beaten.





It was, however, time he had done

with these reflections, for while he sat

half-dazed and more than half-frozen,

the miles had been flitting by, and

now the team knew they were not

very far from home. Little by little

their pace increased, and Winston was

almost astonished to see another bluff

back against the night ahead of him.

As usual in that country, the willows

and birches crawled up the sides and

just showed their heads above the





sinuous crest of a river hollow. It.





was very dark when the wagon lurch-

ed in among them, and it cost the man

an effort to discern the winding trail

which led down into the blackness of

the hollOw. In places the slope was

almost precipitous,

him to be careful of the horses, which

could not be replaced. Without them

he could not plow in spring, and his





life did not appear of any especial

value in comparison with theirs just.





then.





The team, however, were evidently};





bent on getting‘home as soon as pos-

sible, and Winston’s fingers were too

stiff to effectively grasp the reins. A

swinging bough also struck one of the

horses, and when it plunged and flung

up its head the man reeled a. little in

his seat. Before he recovered the

team was going down-hill at a gal-

lop. Winston flung himself bodily

backwards with tense muscles and the

reins, slipping a trifle in his hands,

knowing that though he bore against

them with all his strength the team

were leaving the trail. Then the wag-

on jolted against a'. tree, one horse

stumbled, picked up its stride, and

went on at a.‘ headlong gallop.





f cQContinued .oncgpag'e ‘ I68).





.gi '1





 





 





and it behooved,





The

man felt the wind rush past him and:

saw the dim trees whirl by. but he:





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AUG. 29, 1914.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





'A Human Catapult.





By JOHN Y. BEATY.





 





HE pastor told me that I had

T better not go alone, but I



thought I could surely find my

way back from the Sunday school pic-

nic by cutting through the woods, so

I started out against his advice.



I certainly did enjoy the walk

through the woods. There were a lot

of pine trees, and if you know how

exhilerating the odor from them is,

you will understand why I thought

little of losing my way. It was not

until it began to get dark that I real-

ized that I was lost.



Being lost is a very unpleasant

thing in itself, but when I began to

hear strange noises about me, I was

almost overcome with fright. I heard

a howling once that I was sure must

have come from a dozen wolves, but

luckily they were at some distance. I

hurried along as fast as I could, al-

though I didn't know just where 1 was

going. I felt that my safety lay in my

speed. I ran as fast as I could and

dodge the trees that seemed to jump

directly in front of me.



Finally I was relieved to see a clear-

ing in front of me. I hastened out

from among the trees and saw at

some distance to the right a huge

black outline which seemed to be a

building of some sort. I hastened to

it to find that it was an old barn.



“If there is a barn, there must be a

house to go with it.” I reasoned, and

I ran here and

there until I finally

stumbled into abig

hole. If I had been

more careful I

might have avoided

it, but I was so

anxious to see a

human being that

I ran blindly.



The fall brought

me to my senses

and I found that I

was evidently in

the cellar of what

was formerly the

house that went

with the barn.

From the timbers

lying about me, I

concluded that the

house had been de-

stroyed by fire.



I was exceeding-

ly tired, and al-

though I felt in-

clined to go on I

finally decided to

find a place to

sleep in the old barn and stay there

over night. I knew that my mother

would be worried, of course, but I felt

that I couldn’t go another step.



The barn did not smell like a very

healthful place in which to sleep, but

I couldn’t forget that awful howl I

had heard in the woods, and so didn’t

dare to sleep out of doors.



I crept cautiously in at the open

door and listened. Everything was

quiet and I could see nothing. I felt

my may along the wall until I came

to a small window. I stood by the

opening a minute to get a breath of

fresh air.



I had taken a dozen steps or more

from the window, when I was suddenly

dealt a blow on the head that sent me

sprawling on the floor. I thought I

felt the blood trickling down my face,

but I lay perfectly still for fear my

assailant would make another attack.

I lay there a long time, with my ears

strained for the least sound. Finally

I reasoned it out and then grew bold

enough to investigate.



I had bumped into an overhead

manger: I found the manger there

whenl felt in the dark, and better

yet, l‘found beside it a ladder. Iwant-

ed to get into the loft for Ivfelt that

wolves could not reach me there.



I climbed the ladder quickly and





”4.





found myself in a large empty room.

At one end was a large hay door that

ran entirely to the gable. The door

itself had evidently been blown off,

for the space was entirely open.



Near this opening seemed the best

place for me to sleep, for then I would

be sure of a good supply of air, at

least. The night was warm, too, and

I did not fancy sleeping back in a

dark stuffy corner of that old barn.

Carefully I felt my way toward the

door. There were several large holes

in the floor“ and near the door was a

place where the floor had been badly

broken. Several planks had been plac-

ed near the door with their ends ex-

tending out over a hole in the floor. I

finally decided to sleep on these

planks. I rolled my coat into a pillow

and' was soon asleep.



What wakened me, I don't know,

but I seemed to be awake all at once.

Whether a monster dragon with eyes

of fire, or a strong searchlight was

glaring in my eyes, I did not know,

but the light was so strong that it al-

most blinded me.



The light was suddenly shut out. I

heard a crash. The planks on which

I was lying raised me up into the air

with tremendous force. I reached out

my hands to hang on, but the planks

were not there. I was flying through

the air like a stone from a catapault.



When I came to my senses it was





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





I Hastened to it to Find that it was an Old Barn.





daylight. The sun was hot on my

face. I sat up and looked around. I

was at the foot of a large straw stack.

I couldn’t figure out why I was there.

All of the past was a blank.



I tried to rise, but found my legs

were so stiff I could scarcely move

them. I pulled myself into a better

position and rubbed my legs. Gradu-

ally they felt right again, and finally

I found that I could stand by steady-

ing myself against the stack. .



It was not until I looked around the

end of the stack and saw the barn

that I could remember what had hap-

pened. I remembered that I had been

lost and had sought refuge in a barn.

I knew that that was the barn in front

of me, for it had a large door in the

end.



Then I remembered the glaring

light, the rising of the planks, and my

being hurled through the air. I saw

that I had landed 0n the edge of the

straw stack, for there, at the base was

a pile of straw that had been pulled

down with me as I slid off.



“I must have been hurled through

the air from that barn to this stack,”

I decided, “but how was I thrown such

a distance as that, and what'was the

glaring light?”



By. that time I was able to walk

slowly and I went over to the barn.





 





..





'Tle Corn Roasting Time.





lllllllIlllllllllllilIllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll||ll|Illllllllllllllllllllllllli

There was nothing unusual on<'.the

outside, so I looked into the door by

which I had enetered the night before.

There, lying against the side of the

barn was a large cylindrical water

tank. \Vedged between it and the

wall, were the planks on which I had

slept. The problem was still a puz-

zling one, but I made up my mind that

I would figure it all out. I sat down

on the tank and looked up. I could

see in the gable the broken timbers

that had held the tank in place. The

breaks in them were fresh, so my first

conclusion was that the tank had fall-

en from the gable during the night.





Next I saw that, in falling, it had

struck the ends of the planks on

which I was sleeping. Not being sup-

ported on the ends, the planks had

lifted me bodily and hurled me out of

the big door like a stone from a cata-

pault. That accounted for my unusual

experience.



“But what was the glaring light?”

I asked myself. Finally I decided it

must have been the moon. I remem-

bered that it was much lighter while

I was traveling through the air than

when I entered the barn, for I could

see the barn plainly. The moon must

have been shining directly into my

face and because I was sleepy, it

seemed to be unusually glaring.



After figuring out the reasons for

all that had happened, I turned my at-

tention to finding my way home. A

road led me through a meadow to an-

other house where I found some in-

habitants. It happened that the farm-

er was just starting for town with a,

load of cream, and he took me with

him.



You can easily imagine how glad I

was to get home. Mother had not

worried as much as I had anticipated,

for she said that she knew that I was

big enough to take care of myself and

she expected that I would get home

the next morning alright.





PECULIARITIES OF MODERN AG-

RICULTURAL METHODS IN

INDIA.





 





 





(Continued from page 165).

drains, shoveling sand, mixing mortar

and a hundred and one other pur-

poses.



Part of this journey was through

the edge’of the most noted famine

district offiIndia, the place where the

terrible famine of 1876 occurred. The

rainfall in this district is perhaps

more uncertain than in any other part

of India, and for the last two years

has been only about 12 inches. Under

former Conditions this would have

been a famine year, for the crops

throughout this region are almost a.

total failure. The government has

evolved a system of famine relief

which will make impossible the recur-

rence of such distress as existed in

the famine mentioned above. A regu-

lar famine fund is now part of the

governmental policy, and in case of

reported‘ famine conditions in any

part 'of the cotmtry, the inhabitants





11-167





are offered employment on public

works at wages just enough below

what they could make in good times

to prevent imposition. There are plen-

ty of people in India who would be

having famine conditions all the time

if food were indiscriminately given to

them. The land in this district seems

admirably adapted to the dry farming

methods used in some of our western

states, where with not more than 12

inches of rainfall they are able to pro-

duce a splendid prop every second

year. The holdings of the farmers in

this section are much larger in those

parts with greater rainfall, and if the

ryot could be made to see it he could

probably get a much larger crop in

one year by fallowing in alternate

years, than he does now in two years.

A Cheap Fuel is Needed.



In no country probably, is the soil

so thoroughly robbed of its organic

matter as in India. As has been said,

the crops are nearly all uprooted so

no stubble remains to be plowed un-

der. The fields are literally swept by

the women from the villages who col-

lect all leaves, etc, to burn. All the

manure produced by the animals is

carefully saved and molded into flat

cakes and dried in the sun to be used

as fuel. One of the commonest sights

of the country is the melding of these

dung cakes by the women and chil-

dren, who spread them on the sides of

the houses and walls. Even the tem-

ples are not exempt, but are frequent-

ly decorated with a choice assortment

of these cakes. Wherever a herd of

cattle is feeding one or more women

will be found at this work, and none

of the droppings in the roadway are

permitted to go to waste. In fact, the

owner of a large herd of cattle counts

upon the fuel as one of his large items

of income~the dried cakes selling for

about three cents for 80 pounds. The

result of this practice is that no ma-

nure of any kind goes back to the soil

on the average farm, nor does the

ryot use fertilizers of any kind, nor

any system of green manuring, and

the lack of organic matter is clearly

shown by the color and texture of the

soil and its lumpy condition when

plowed. Probably the native can not

be convinced that the animal manure

should be returned to the land until

his government evolves a forestry pol-

icy which will provide him with cheap

fuel to replace that which he now

uses.



Some Obstacles to Progress.



India is peculiarly rich in legumin-

out plants, several varieties of which

are raised to some extent. The seeds

of these plants are appreciated as hu-

man foods and a very few of them

are even used sparingly as cattle food.

Their value as soil enriching material

appears not to be comprehended by

the ryot, and such a thing as plowing

them under is unheard of. The ease

with which they can be produced only

shows what marvelous things might

be done here agriculturally by an edu-

cated peasantry. In visiting a number

of the agricultural institutions of the

country we found that they were

practically agreed as to the need of

organic matter in these soils and as to

the desirability of deeper and more

thorough plowing than is now prac-

ticed. They all complained, however,

of a lack of ability to reach the man

behind the plow effectively. The stu-

dents of the colleges belong largely

to the Brahmin caste, who are above

working with their hands, and who

are looking forward to appointments

under the governmnet—not necessar-

ily agricultural positions. The fact is





that the cultivator is perfectly satis-V





fied with his present methods, and is

not looking for any one to tell him

of any better way, and if he expressed

himself at all it would‘probably be to

say, as one Indian did to a friend of

mine—“Every one knows that the In-

dian farmer is the best to be found

anywhere in the world.”



The failure to reachthe ryOt is in

part, at least, due to the fact that his





i
168—12





 





 





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hi

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u GREATER MICHIGAN FAIR ]





 





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Pursuant of their usual patriotic and pro-

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Dairy farming promises to be one of the most

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THE BANKS stand for greater productivity

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THE MICHIGAN F'ARMER





”CHESTER ~





present methods are intimately wrapt

up with his religions and superstitious

beliefs. God guards his crops or the

demons prevent him from obtaining

them. The treatment'of the soil is not

half so important a matter as propiti-

ating the demons. He consults his

priest about the proper time to sow, to

reap, to harvest, to thresh and to grind

the grain. His every daily task has a

religious significance to him and to at-

tack his methods is virtually to attack

his religion. The institution which can

best reach him agriculturally will be

the one which can show him, at one

and the same time, the error of his re-

ligious beliefs as well as his mistaken





’ agricultural notions. One man at least





realized thas fact, and as a result the

Allahabad Christian College has put

in the first agricultural course ever

offered in a missionary college, with

the avowed intention of teaching

Christianity and better agriculture.’

Mr. Samuel Higginbottom, while a

teacher of economics at this college,

had the above vision. He went to Am-





Boomerang





OOMERANG throwing as a new



kind of sport or game, has ob-



tained considerable popularity in

England, and clubs have been organ-

zed among the boys and young peo-

ple for practicing the very difficult

feat of hurling this strange Australian

instrument at targets, and around

poles located at distances of 60 to 100

feet, and then recovering the weapon

without moving away from the start-

ing point. The game is one that re-

quires a great deal of patient practice,

but once mastered it affords about as

much pleasure and sport as anything

in the whole world of outdoor pas-

times. Both young and old play it,

and on exhibition day crowds come

out to watch the remarkable feats of

the players.



In Australia, the home of the boom-

erang, the game is even more popular,

and more remarkable feats are per-

formed. A record of throwing the

boomerang over 200 feet, making it

describe the figure “8,” and returning

to the feet of the thrower, is quite

common in that land. Shooting the

implement around a tree or target

pole is another accomplishment that

seems little short of the marvelous to

one who has never practiced with the

boomerang. In the annual sports two

target poles are’sometimes placed at

certain distances apart, and the throw-

er shoots his implement outward and





 





. upward, so that it 'circles around the





first pole without touching it, and

then as it describes the second loop

lot the figure “8” it passes around the





so that it will ascend upward in a

curve and then return almost to the

starting point. .



At first one must practice throwing

the boomerang without any expecta-

tion of making it return with any de-

gree of accuracy. It must be thrown

up into the wind or to the right of

it, unless distance throwing is being

practiced. Standing facing the wind

the thrower hurls it straight away

from him, but not upward. The mo-

tion is about the same as a player

when throwing a baseball overhand

to a base. At the same time just as

the boomerang leaves the hand a

sharp backward snap must be given.

This causes the instrument to spin

rapidly through the air, and the more

it spins the greater will be the return

motion.



The thrower should use a glove, for

the sharp edge of the boomerang may

otherwise cut the hand, and under no

circumstances should he attempt to

catch it on its return. Experts can

catch; the returning boomerang. and

the Australian bushmen could do this

skillfully; but for "an amateur to at-

tempt it is to invite disaster. _ It may





 





r ' "«'1' a-J. *





face of water, or scaling a clam shell





AUG. 29, 1914.





erica on furlough and entered the Col-

lege of Agriculture of the Ohio State

University, where he was graduated

with the class of 1911. He returned to

Allahabad, taking with him Mr. Bem-

mower, a student in horticulture of

the same year. Land has been pro-

cured for the work, and these men

have now launched what promises to

be an epoch-making undertaking in

missionary work. ,Although scarcely

started, their work is already attract~

ing the attention of many who are in-

terested in agriculture. I had the

pleasure of visiting them and deliver-

ing a few lectures under their aus«

pices and am greatly impressed with

the opportunities they have for help-

ing the native. It Is my prophecy

that With proper encouragement this





institution will be of great force for _





the religious and agricultural uplift

of India. -



(Note—The above remarks apply to

that large portion of India which is

not under irrigation. The agriculture

of irrigated India is another story).





|llllIIIlllllIllllllllllllllmlllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllll|i|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllIllllllll|llllIIlIllIlllIlIlllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Th rowing.





By GEO. E. WALSH.





inflict a serious wound and even sev-

er a finger or break a wrist. One

would not attempt to catch a buzz-

saw or a screw propeller; no more so

should he try to stop a boomerang

when in flight.



After mastering the art of throwing

the boomerang through the air, prac-

tice should be made for the games

and exhibition. Distance throwing

down the wind is one of these. Skill

here as much as strength of the arm,

counts, for if the boomerang catches

the wind properly it will continue on

its flight in a way to astonish all.



The next step is to gain accuracy

of throwing. One cannot very well

practice this with a target that may

smash the boomerang. Stretch a

string across from two distant trees

or goal posts, and hang a flag from

the middle of it. The flag is the tar-

get. Practice hitting this, and when

you have become expert at it, practice

missing it; that is, shoot under and

around the flag and string Without

hitting either.



The art of making the boomerang

return to the thrower is more difficult

than shooting it straight at a visible

target. Of course, it will return part

of the distance even when thrown

carelessly, but that is not the object.

The thrower aims to make it return

accurately so he can pick it up With-

out moving more than a few feet from

his position. This can be achieved

through practice alone. The hang of

the thing will come after repeated

trials, and an expert who can make

the implement return to him every

time excites great admiration. It

seems almost uncanny and miraculous

to the audience.



The final accomplishment is to

make the boomerang perform the

double loop, or cut \the figure “8” in

the air. To do this, the implement

must cross and recross its original

route. It is a stunt that invariably

calls forth loud applause even in pro-

fessional exhibitions.



Looping a tree or target pole is a

wonderful achievement with the

boomerang, but it can be done with

wonderful success by experts. One

must have passed through all the oth-

er steps before he can hope to do this.

It is an achievement that must be

learned from patient practice. No one

can show you how to do it. After you

have learned all the queer tricks of.

the little implement you begin to

know intuitively how it will act when

it leaves the hand. "



Looping two goal posts in cutting

the figure "‘8" is one of the rarest per-

formances. Perhaps not more than

half a dozen men in England and this

country can dothis; but in Australia

Where they have. frequent boomerang
throwers can bring doWn birds and .

game with the boomerang without .

difficulty, and even toy balloons are 0 a l e

loosened and knocked down when - .

floating in the air, by the profession— 0d .a .

als. Even clay pigeon shooting with On Go year Tires. .All advances——due to doubled cost of

the boomeranglhas attained the dig~ b . g . .

nity of a sport in Australia. The clay ru bar—were Withdrawn on August l9th. This applies to

pigeons are released from the traps, '

and the thrower launches his boomer- dealers and consumers.

' th, air, cli in the ii in d - '

ififecintfind Zetummgp‘ihf implenfen‘i W e have secured from abroa sufhc1ent rubber at former

to within'a few feet of him. Such an ' ' ’ W

achievement indicates the ,emamble prices tfi warliant this annfiuncement fCiooclilyear prices are m

skill an expert can achieve with this Ore t 6 War

primitive weapon of the Australian ever) H ere t 6 same as t ey were 6

aborigines.

But the boomerang is no longer a

.& weapon of war. The rifle has put it _

out of business; but, like the bow and . .

arrow, it is steadily gaining in favor r

as an implement for sports. ur le 1 es

WINSTON OF THE PRAIRIE. I .

11 These Four Ways Excelling All the Rest

(Continued from page 166).

could only hold on and wonder what _ . . _ .

would take place when they came to The tires which rule in Tiredom now are class tires. No other maker employs them.

the bOttom' The bridge .the trail Goodyear tires—by long odds. And no other method combats one of these

went round by was some distance to . . . bl . H H; .

his right. and hecmlse the frost had After men have used [our millions of “'0” CS 1“ an equa Y e eient W3)“

just set in he knew the ice on the . . . _ .

river would not bear the load, even them, they lead 1“ prestige and m 5.3135- These things mean safety, sturdiness and

if the horses 00“” keep their fOOting' The only reason is that motorists—hun- strength. They mean max1mum mileage and

He had not, however, long to won- __ , ,

der. Once more a horse stumbled, direds :E thougands of the: haveh prove: minimum trouble.

' l d b l hurl- ' ' . m an . .

iie‘iiiifoi 5.211375%. 1.33113; W... t 1753,: e 5“” "est “’6: W "5‘“ e When one ore gwee them—and others

on, which came to a standstill sudden- te 0t er men to use t em. don't—you should get the tire that does.

ly. When he rose something warm . .

was running down his face, and there Where They Excel Any dealer Will supply you if you say you

was a red smear on the hand he light' . - { want this tire. He will sell it to you at a price

ed the lantern with. When that was Back of that super-serVice lie our ex- , H 't t f r mammoth out ut

do.“ he flung himself down from the elusive features. They are these: ImPOSSl ewerei no or ou p '

wagon' dreading What he would find' . . It is up to you. Note again these extra

The flickering radiance showed him Our NO-le-Cut feature. Time has

that the pole had snapped and while d ‘t tl‘i l t'f t to features. Then ask some Goodyear user

-‘- ‘ ’ a com- _

one bronco still stood trembling on prove 1' 6 Guy 5815.5“: ory w y what it means to have such tires.

its feet the other lay inert amidst a pletely Wipe out rim-cutting. F' d h G d l d

tangle of harness. The man’s face a . ,, . . in out w y 00 year ea S.

grew a trifle grimmer as he threw the our Oil-Air cure' Thls. CXCIuswe

light upon it, and then stooping glanc— process costs us $1,500 daily, but it ends the I

ed at one doubled leg. It was evident . _ ‘fi’

that fate which did nothing by halves Chef cause 0E blow OUtS' {4—- YE R

had dealt him a Cl‘usmng bllwa The Our rubber rivets. By a patent 00 y A

last faint 110 e he clung to a van- . \

ished now D method, hundreds of these are formed in each ~ AKRONoOH'o

. - - . O 0

(Continued neXt W99k)- tire to combat tread separation. They re- NO'le'CUt Tlres

A FABLE. duce this riSk SiXty per cent With All-Weather Treads or Smooth

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The- fouowmg’s an allegory . anti-skids. The are tou h, double-thick and / ‘

Or Just a fake newspaper story, . .y . _ 4?

0“: If you keep ”liming, I . enduring. ReSistless on wet roads With their i ’

Will own up that it s Just a lie. . .

deep, sharp grips; yet Hat and smooth, so they

Said Wrong to Right: Let’s com- -. .

promise. . run like a plain tread.

gugar beiats vinegar ccetlclliling fliciles.

ou yiel a point, an ’ yie one; 0

And everything wfill snlioothly run. Upper Class Tires

We’ll save a lot 0 use ess fuss,

gm; it will profit; botli oii us.”b f HOW to Get Them

a' R' ht: “ ru e is“ een or .

1 ldgg y b These things make Goodyears the upper

Never to compr‘ion‘ki/se with §Vrong.”

a“. “All right,” sai rong. “ ust spare . .

rebukes.

We’ll fight it out. Put up your dukes.” THE GOCODdYEAR TIRE L&d RgBleER COMPANMY9 ‘Ackrgln” 01110

. oronto, ana a on on, ng an exico ity, enco

And SO they fought. And _ say, that Branches and Agencies in 103 Principal Cities DEALERS EVERYWHERE Write Us on Anything You Want in Rubber

' fight lL (1852)

Was worth the price all right, all. ___J





, AUG. 29, 1914.





exhibitions, it is accomplished by a

number of performers. Out there in

the land of the boomerang the expert





 





 





right.

Right sure was strong, his blows ter-

rific;

But Wrong was much more scientific;

And then, besides, to save his pelt,

He often hit below the belt;





.Though, if this tale were strictly true,





I’d have to own that Right fouled, too.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





—_ —





w-More Power





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But, used to that, he minded not.



A valiant knight of evil he.



Full long he fought and stubbornly.



He showed that he was in fine fettle,



A foeman worthy of Right’s mettle.



And by and by Right’s eyes grew dim.



Wronghiknocked him down and sat on

m.



Said Right and struggled to arise:



“Say, Mr. Wrong, let’s compromise.”



The moral now, and then we'll stop:



It makes a difference who’s on top.





 





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—-The Michigan





. 1 -

____._._____._ o

‘The Russian government has guar- r 0 Farmer has an

anteed political autonomy to Poland opening for a





. in. consideration of assistance .of the few hustlers to





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





armies of the latter province during solicit subscriptions. An easy selling proposition is given to the solicitor and extra

£19 pageant" War with. Germany. and large commission paid so that any hustler can make $25 to $35 per week. Write at





AILWAV MAIL—Clerk. Carriers. and Burn] Carries.

wanted. I oondu ted examinations-can hel you.

Trial examination too. Ozment, 11. 3.. 3‘. I11.





 





 





, once for full particufars to MICHIGAN FARMER. Detroit.-Mich.





   

 





a,
170—14





THE ’M’ICHIGAN FA‘R'MER





 





 





 





 





 





 





W





Woman and Her Needs?





MWW ML v1mm‘ssmmwawkwgrze. ,Jm 4.. . ,





 





 





 





At Heme and Elsewf) ere





 





 





 





Plan to Play as





ORK is my religion,” said a



\‘K/ busy mother. She surveyed a.



long line of flapping, snowy

garments as she spoke, then'picked up

the basket and hustled into the house

to attack a huge stack of colored

clothes.



“Why folks want to go traipsing.

around looking for fun is more than I

can see," she continued, plunging her

strong hands into the foamy suds.

“Plenty of work and a good appetite

is all anybody needs to make them

happy. There’s Ella,” the 16-year-old

daughter, “Always wanting to go, go,

go. If she had her own way she’d go

to a. picnic or a dance every week.

But you bet she doesn’t have her own

way. There’s enough work right on

this farm to keep us all busy. After

*that, if there is any time left, she can

sew carpet rags. There’s nothing like

work to keep a girl out of mischief

and make her happy.”





That work kept Ella out of mischief

was no doubt true; but one glance at

her sullen, discontented face made you

doubt the happiness. I thought of the

all too large companies of Ellas scat-

tered over the United States and

wondered if here was not the answer

to why girls leave the farm. If, in-

stead of large and frequently repeated

doses of work, sans sugar coating,

they could be given work in homeopa.

thic doses, relieved by play spells,

would not home look better to them,

and the city less alluring?





I Parents, laden with responsibilities

and the necessity of meeting pay-

ments, find in work a panacea for

.worries. They entirely forget their

youth, and can not believe there was

once a time when they thought frolic

and laughter were of more importance

than plowing a field or doing a wash-

ing. They forget that youth is play-

time and that in the great scheme of

things play is as necessary to man's

development as work. They laugh at

the gambols of lambs and kittens, but

try to crush out the same antics in

their own young. Yet it is the same

bubbling, animal spirits, God-given,

welling up in both human and brute

creation.



Young folks need to play, and the

parents who fail to make the same

provision for regulated play that they

make for work, are doing their chil-

dren a grave wrong. The play in-

stinct should be carefully nurtured

and guarded, encouraged rather than

discouraged. It has been the salva-

tion of many a burdened woman, that

impulse to make play out of work.

The habit of laughing rather than

sighing would do more to relieve the

congestion of insane asylums than any

other one thing, and the mother who

discourages play in her daughter is

preparing one more hypochondriac, if

nothing worse.



Let the young folks have weekly

recreation, instead of frowning on ev-

erything that is not work. But know

what the recreation is to be, and what

the company. Plan to know your

daughter’s friends and help her plan

the amusements. Encourage parties

and picnics in the afternoon, rather

than unchaperoned buggy rides in the

evening, often without even the light

of the mean. Better cut into a sacred

workday and devote half of it to play,

than to postpone the holiday until

evening when there is 110 Work; and





 





 





 





 





% n





 





 





 





Well as work.





have your daughter go out alone

with the best young man in the neigh-

borhood.





“Too much work and no play makes

Jack a dull boy,” we are told. It does

more than that for Jennie, oftentimes.

It makes her vicious. Shut up in the

four walls of home, denied the pleas‘

ures she craves, and knows of other

girls enjoying, she grows ugly and

embittered. Often, too, in her craving

for enjoyment, she listens to the lure

of the tempter and starts on the down

grade which no woman ever ascends.





If the history of the fallen sisterhood

could be’ truthfully written, if‘ they

would really open their hearts, we

would find that a large percentage of

them went Wiong, not for love of dress

or need of. money, or even because of

the unfaithfulness of lovers, but be-

cause work, unrelieved by play, had

so warped their minds that they would

do anything to relieve the grind.



The idea that play and laughter are

sinful, and that life was meant solely

for work and meditation, has done as

much harm through the centuries as

the “pleasures of the flesh.” Play and

work, judiciously mixed, keep us heal-

thy, happy and sane. Either one to

excess does equal harm. DEBORAH.





lllllll||||Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllll|II||IlIlllllllHIIINllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllilIlllIllllllllIIIIIHIIIIIIIHIIlllll|llllllll||llllllllllllIlllllllllllllllI1l|Illlllllll||llllllllll|Illlllllllll|lllllIllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllll





The Camp Fire Girls Movement.





HE Girls’ Camp Fire movement

T is an organization among girls



which corresponds to the Boy

Scouts among boys. It is compara-

tively new, being only a year or two

old, and thus not much is yet known

about it. And yet, the movement is

almost country-wide. It has its head-

quarters in New York city. Each so-

ciety in a town is called a Camp Fire,

or, perhaps, this term is more cor-

rectly applied to the place of meeting,

which may be in any convenient build-

ing. In most towns the local Young

Woman’s Christian Association is

probably the most suitable place.





Each Camp Fire is presided over by

some older woman of judgment and

cultivation, a woman who loves girls

and is strongly in sympathy with the

movement in which, naturally, she is

thoroughly versed. It may be that

this older woman is the organizing

force of each individual Camp Fire.

She is always the girls chaperon, ev-

en on trips, for in the course of events

a Camp Fire will be invited to visit

other Camp Fires in other towns. Or

in hot weather the Camp Fire may go

into real camp at some summer re-

sort, or some quiet wooded place.



The movement has several aims al-

most any of which lifts it above the

level of the mere fad. Among the

separate aims is the glorification of

work, the learning to appreciate all

beauty, not alone as it has to do with

dress, but as one finds it in all life,

as in nature and in human character.

Another aim is the cultivation of the

simple outdoor life, another still, the

cultivation and attainment of good

health, sought in sensible dress, suit.

able eating, judicious exercise and a.

courting of an abundance of fresh air

by keeping the windows of one’s

sleeping room hoisted. Th girls are

taught team work and the different

features of woodcraft and the life out

of doors. They are taught to tie all

sorts of knots. used in putting up

tents, confining animals. or what not.

One of the most valuable considera-

tions is their instruction regarding

what to do in case of accident, as on

the water or by fire, or whatever mis-

chance befall.



In‘ short, the supreme aim of the

Camp Fire movement is the develop-

ment of efficient, kindly spirited wom-

en. And all the training in the course

is excellently adapted to bring this

about.



Any girl 12 years old, who wishes

to adopt the aims of the movement is

eligible to membership. The members

are of about high school age, though

there appears no reason why the uni-





versity girl may not wish to go on

with the excellent work.



After her initiation the first task

set the girl is the working of her own

headband. This is intended to devel-

op skill of fingers. Sometimes the

headband of the less skillful is a

mere ribbon with a string of beads

fastened on the outside. The head-

band of the more skillful is a thing

of beauty and rivals the most artistic

are of the Indian bead work. From

the headband the girl advances to

other work, like some household ser-

vice or the making of a garment for

herself or someone else. This gar-

ment may be a house dress, a shirt-

waist or a skirt. It may be her cere-

monial robe to be worn at the Camp

Fire. This is a kind of Indian-look-

ing slip of nankeen-colored twill, trim-

med around the bottom, and half-

length sleeves with a fringe, cut from

brown kid leather or oilcloth. In

length it comes to or below the ankles.

It may have designs embroidered on

the bottom, designs which have some

mystic signification. The feet are

dressed in moccasins.



All are rewarded for every single

virtue attained, like the acquiring of

some knowledge of nature as exempli-

fied in plant or animal life, the earn-

ing of money, the love of home. One

significant and praiseworthy feature

is the rewarding of members for be-

ing well and staying so.



The simpler rewards take the form

of beads. These beads are of differ-

ent colors, each color having special

signification. Thus, the health reward

is a red head, the color indicating

health‘ as seen in the blood. The

green bead represents nature as bod-

ied forth in the vegetation. The blue

head is for nature as shown in the

blue of the sky. The flame-colored

bead stands for the camp fire. The

brown reminds one-of the brown of

the ground and of the woods, while

yellow stands for gold and triumph

by which money is earned. Thus ev-

ery bead' stands for achievement'along

some special line. In the necklace of

some good Camp Fire girl may be

seen several beads of the different

colors.



In the Camp Fire work three de-

grees are attainable: That of the

wood-gatherer, of the fire-maker, and

of the, torch-bearer. The wood-gath-

erer wins by the simplest, most prim-

itive tasks; the fire-maker by domes-

tic work, because the Camp Fire

stands for the 1tome; the torch-bearer

is a teacher and teaches her less ‘ex-

perienced mates. She carries the

truth to others. As badges of these





degrees rings and bracelets figure.



In the private meetings of the Camp

Fire there is considerable ceremonial,

consisting of songs, different dances,

the swinging of clubs and the telling

of folk tales.‘ Much of this ceremon-

ial takes the form of verse with the

verse measures of Hiawatha. Each

girl has her own special Camp Fire

name, which is likely to bear the In-

dian stamp or may be borrowed from

the Orient or from olden times. It

seems to be sufficient if it have a.

very foreign sound.



Each Camp Fire has several groups

marking the different degrees of

achievement gained by each. With

each division in its own group, the

girls range themselves around the

room and listen to the different forms

of entertainment, offered by their

mates, like the singing of a song, a.

dance or the telling of a folk song. At

the end of each there is energetic ap-

plause, expressed by a sharp rapping

of the knuckles on the floor. If they

happen to be standing, they stamp

with their feet. In everything the

kindest spirit appears to rule the

Camp Fire.



Outside of its own membership

probably not many people in the world

have ever been present at a ceremon-

ial Camp Fire meeting. But there is

nothing secret about the ceremonials

and some of them are very pretty.

The Camp Fire call is “Yo-hee-o,” ut-

tered in a very musical singsong tone.

Separated divisions call this to each

other.





 





SEPTEMBER WORK FOR THEWIN-

DOW GARDEN.





 





September is the potting month. If

you have not prepared a compost pile,

you can yet mix a pretty good soil by

taking equal parts of woods dirt, thor-

oughly decayed leaves and roots, and

good garden soil. Mix in a liberal

supply of thoroughly rotted cow ma-

nure, and some sand. Just before us»

ing it, it is well to add a quart of

bone meal to the bushel of soil. Have

this moist when you use it, but not

wet enough so you can make mud

balls of it. If your ball will fall to

pieces at a tap it is just right.



Take up your geraniums and cut back

some, leaving the short stubby side

shoots without disturbing their tips.

The long soft branches should be cut

back to firm wood, and the whole

plant should be compact and rather

stubby looking. Water well and set

in a sheltered place outdoors. In giv-

ing them their first watering be care-

ful to not get them so wet the soil

will settle and wash out too much.

Setting in a pan of water is the best

way to water any newly potted plant

if the water only comes up a couple

of inches on a six or seven-inch pot,

and correspondingly on larger and

smaller ones. If the pots are set in

vessels of water that almost cover

them, the soil becomes so wet it'runs

down into the drainage and even out

through the bottom of the pot.‘ When

it gets dry it bakes as hard as a rock.

Geraniums are much easier killed by

over-watering than by not giving

them enough. Do not give the newly

potted plants much more water un-

til the new shoots begin to start. They

will break much better and be strong,

er it kept moderatelydry and out of

doors as much as possible. I like the

Bruant type for the window better

than the old style Zanalés. Jean Viaud





, . . 1’”

«s ,‘
and. 29, 1914."





is a good pink; Alfonse Ricart a good





.scarlet; Beauty Poitevine a Salmon





pink; Madam Jaulin a pink, and white

shaded variety, and’Thos. Meehan a

deep magenta red. All of these are

good Brunats. The flowers of the Bru-

ants are very large, the leaves are

large and of good texture, the plants

rugged and sturdy growers.



Your callas, which have been lay-

ing on their sides in the shade since

June, should be cleared of the dirt

now and repotted in new soil. Make

the soil for these very rich. If you

want the very largest flowers and not

so much foliage, you had better break

off all the side tubers. If you want a

pot full of the plants let them alone.

The more bulbs you have in a pot the

more flowers you will have, but they

will hardly be so large as if you had

a single bulb. The calla likes both

heat and water. In their native coun-

try they are covered with water to an

inch or two in depth, and as it is in

the tropics, it is naturally warm.

When the dry season comes the

ground dries as hard as a rock, and

they get their rest, ready to bloom

again when the rains come. Set the

pots in crocks and pour hot water

around them each morning, and they

will grow to surprise you. Just keep

them moderately moist until growth

begins or there is some danger of rot.

ting the bulb.



The cyclamen bulbs should be

brought in and repotted. If there are

yet any leaves on them and the roots

are fleshy, do not destroy them, but

either shake and wash off all the soil

and repot carefully, or dig off all you

can from the top and pot in larger

sized pot so as to have at least a half-

inch of soil all around the old ball.

Soak the old ball thoroughly before

putting it in the new pot, or you will

find it hard to do so afterward. The

bulb of the cyclamen should never be

covered, but should set on the sur-

face, just sinking in enough to have

the roots entirely covered. If you

have never grown the cyclamen do not

fail to get some this year. The foliage

is as rich as a begonia and the flow-

ers are extremely pretty. Thousands

of them are sold in the florists’ stores

every Christmas as presents. You can

buy a good bulb for a quarter and

raise a plant they would charge you

:a couple of dollars for.



i If you want to have your Paper

White Narcissus in bloom for Thanks-

giving you should get them in the

pots as soon as you can after you can

get them in September. Give them

plenty of water and when the chilly

nights come take them in, and keep

them from getting too near frost.

Frost will not hurt them at all, but

it will delay them some. The cooler

they are kept the slower they will

come on, but the fiOWers will be bet-

ter. It is a good idea to plant the

Christmas supply pretty early and

hold back by keeping as cool as pos-

sible. These bulbs can be planted at

intervals all winter. They remain in

bloom about six weeks in an ordinary

temperature unless they are allowed

to get dry. Sometimes they will last

longer. '



Freesias should have been potted in

August for the first lot, but they may

be potted as late as November and

make fine plants. The earlier they are

potted the longer they get to grow in

the open air, and so the stronger the

stems and foliage will be.





 





A SWEEPING ECONOMY.





 





While longing for the household lux-

ury of “dustless sweeping,” I did not

feel like going to the expense or a

’high grade vacuum cleaner. A poor

one, I was assured, was nothing more

than a vexation of spirit. As neces-

sity is the mother of invention, I de-

cided there was some other way to-

ward the desired end, if I could but

hit upon it. This is the method em-

ployed and it is eminently satisfac-

tory. ‘ --



At an expense ofitwo-‘dollars, I pur-





L'l ,‘J5





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





chased a thick, firm, oblong, fibre

brush on a handle—which handle

could be adjusted at any angle-'«and

had my carpet sweeper put in perfect

repair at an outlay ‘of thirty—fivecents.

The brush had become worn so that

it had to be lowered to gather dust

readily. Two wheels needed new tires

and the rubber protecting band about

the outside was gone entirely. Put in

shape it worked as well as when new.

The fibre brushes referred to are used

in banks and public buildings becauSe

the closeness of the bristles collects

the fine dust and yet does not set it

flying in the air.



Every morning when my rooms are

put in order for the day, the brush

and sweeper accompany me and it is

but a brief three moments’ work to

run the sweeper over the rugs, brush

out any inaccessible places with the

brush and gather up that dust also

with the sweeper. A soft, clean, “dry”

or yacht mop, quickly dusts the hard-

wood borders. This method made un-

necessary the weekly and much-dread-

ed sweeping day and saved the dollar

and a half I had to pay the woman.

At the end of six weeks my rooms still

looked as well as in the mid-week of

the old method, but as I had saved

nine dollars, I decided to spend one

dollar and a half of it to rent an elec-

tric vacuum cleaner for an entire day.

Of course, at that price I had to oper-

ate the machine myself or furnish

someone to do it. Again I hired my

cleaning woman and in the day she

went over all my floor coverings, mat-

tresses and upholstered furniture and

again we were ready to be kept clean

another six weeks by the brush and

sweeper.



The outlay as outlined took care of

our sweeping for seven weeks, with a

saving which I estimated conserva-

tively to be as follows, eliminating en-

tirely the saving of my own time and

strength which, however, was no small

item: .



Under Old Method._





Seven days work at $1.50 ....... $10.50

Fourteen meals for the cleaning

woman (dinner and supper)

at 200 each .................. 2.80





Total ....................... $13.30

Under New Method.





 





One day’s work at $1.50 ....... $ 1.50

One day’s rent of electric clear-



er .......................... 1.50

Two meals at 200 .............. .40

Electric current used (about).. .40





 





Total ....................... $ 3.80

Total saving in seven weeks....$ 9.50

Average cash saving per week. . 1.35





Yearly saving ................. 70.20



You will observe I have emphasized

the word cash because that was not

all the saving effected. Rugs, carpets

and upholstery received much less

wear than under the old regime of

constant sweeping and heating. The

periodical thorough cleaning kept the

dust well worked out of the fabrics

and the nap and pile of carpets were

so raised as to make them look won-

derfully freshened. Following the sev-

enth week session with the pOWer

cleaner, the rooms scarcely needed

touching for a couple of weeks, except

possible to gather a little litter here

and there with the sweeper. So there

was a great saving in time and dis-

comfort as well as in flying dust,

which we have now learned to consid.

er as a menace to health and comfort.



The thirty-five cents for repair to

carpet sweeper was not counted for

that useful article had been in use ten

years Without a previous outlay of a

cent, and is good for another long pe-

riod of usefulness. The brush at two

dollars has outworn at least four 50-

cent brooms, if not more, and is still

as good as ever, so it, too. represents

a saving. .



The ‘vacuum cleaner of which I have

the rental, cost-$125 and is a “dandy,”

as the small boy would say, and say

truthfully. Every seventh week—

Which is as often as I really need it,

I get a woman to use the machine and

the entire attendant expense is $3.80





-or a weekly average of 55 cents, mak-





ing a total expense of keeping dust--





free for the whole year,'$28.60. But

even that amount should be reduced

by at least $10 as I am now saved the

necessity of taking up carpets and

rugs and of having them beaten by a

man at $2.00 a day and of relaying

them.



This economy of $70.20 a year is not

a large one, to be sure, but in these

days of high prices, it counts in the

year’s budget of assets, besides giving

me more time to do other worth-while

things to further swell that budget, as

well as energy to' enjoy “The God of

things as'they are.”



The man was a public benefactor

who became famous by advocating

making two blades of grass grow

where one grew before. Likewise, the

woman who can make her business

efficiency in the' household cover a

much greater compass of work, do it

better and with less strain upon 11er-

self than under the old routine——I had

nearly said rut-ine, for ruts need but

to be deepened to becomes graves—

is a benefactor to herself and her

family and through her family and as-

sociates to the community at large.



Emancipation from drudgery does

not mean idle ease; it implies, rather,

intelligent conservation of time,

strength, and expenditure. It means

doing things so well and sanitary that

the very thoroughness Spells satisfac-

tion and leisure. The woman. who

said she hadn’t time to study and try

the new-fangled housekeeping ideas

because she was so troubled with in-

efficient help that, as it was, she had

little time for the higher culture for

which she longed, had a not uncom-

mon misconception of the real busi-

ness of housekeeping.



Scientific household management,

which, after all, is plain common sense

management, never gets in the way of

culture. On the other hand, it subor-

dinates and regulates household tasks

to their proper place so that they re





' tire gracefully to the background, leav-





ing‘ a larger and more unobtsructed

foreground for the pursuit of other

a‘ims.



A deal of philosophy may be discov-

ered beneath even a “sweeping” econ-

omy.





RECIPES.





 





Chicken and Cucumber Salad—This

salad has the advantage of being both

novel and delicious. Peel one rather

large green cucumber and one onion,

and chop them with one red pepper-

pod into very small pieces. Sprinkle

well with salt, and let drain in acold

place for one hour. Then add one

cupful of finely chopped white meat

of chicken, mix thoroughly and stir

through just enough ice-cold French

dressing to make it slightly moist.



Fruit and Nut Salads—Mix one cup

of freshly sliced apples and celery,

and one-half cup crumbled pecans or

walnuts. Dress with cooked or may-

onnaise dressing, and serve with let-

tuce. Garnish with one-fourth of a

red unpared apple, cut in thin, cres-

cent-like slices.



Mix equal parts of orange pulp, dic-

ed banana, pineapple and peeled Mal-

aga grapes, and serve in lettuce cups

with French or with sweet dressing.





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





 





Labels pasted on the outside of

glass jars used for cereals or other

dry groceries, soon become dislodged

through handling of the jars. Paste

the labels on the inside, using white

of egg for mucilage.



Never use water that has stood in

a. lead pipe all night. Not less than-

a wooden bucketful should be allowed

to rum—Mrs. J. J. O’C.



Dry cheese grated or sliced thin and

melted in hot milk, to which some

salt and a piece of butter have been

added, makes an excellent sauce -to

pourover mashed or baked potatoes.

A little cornstarch added to the hot

milk makesrit more creamy.—E. ,L. C.





 





 





 





15—171





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Mrs.Gruff——“Mrs. Funmaker

has just been here asking me

to join the afternoon literary

club. As though I had time

or strength to waste over

books. I told her I spent all

my time over the washtubs,

dishpans and so r u bb i n g

floors.”





Anty Drudge—“You’re afool-

ish woman. Get some Fels-

Naptha Soap, let it do the

hard part of your work, and

join the ladies in their pleas-

ure. Fels-Naptha will give

you the time to enjoy your-

self.”





Fels-Naptha will

do these things: It

will cut your work

in half, and double

your time for rest and

pleasure; will wash

clothes clean, sweet.

and white in cool or

lukewarm water

without hard rub-

bing or boiling; will

dissolve grease on

pots and pans, and

make china and

glassware shine;

clean porcelain tubs,

woodwork,linoleum

-—your whole house,

and do all the hard

part of the work for

you.





Full directions are on the Red and

Green Wrapper. Better buy it by

the box or carton.





Feels a Co.. Philadelphia.
172—16





lj





Farm Co





Fl‘llllllillllllllllllllllllllllilllllllll





IEillllliIillliillllllllllllllilllIllllllllillIlll||llilllllllilllIllillllllIIIllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllll|||l|||||||l|lllllllllllillIlllIlllllllllllIllillillIlllillIllllIllllllllllllllllillIlilillIi|IIIlllllllllllllllllllllllfl





THE MICHIGAN FAR‘MER





m llIHillIllI[IlllIllIilllIIlli|lIIIlll|III|i|IIlIIlillIlIllIIIlliilllllllllllllllllllllIlllllll|lIlIlllI|IlIlllIIllIIl|Ill|llllllllllillliIlll|IIIIIIllllIllI|lI|ill||Hill||||Illi|Iilll"ill|IlillIIllillllll|IlllllillllllllIll|IIlillIllllllllilllililllllfi





Unusual Methods of Marketing.





ENS of thousands of farmers

throughout the country are now

studying ways to reach the dis-



tant markets with their products at a

time when hundreds of neighbors and

townspeople within easy driving dis-

tance of their farms are seeking the

very products which they should be

producing. Such farmers are not serv-

ing their communities intelligently. So

the middlemen and dealers thrive just

about in proportion as these farmers

fail to rise to their opportunities.



In a dairying community in Central

New York practically all of the milk

produced is shipped to New York and

Philadelphia. At times during the

year the majority of the dairymen buy

their butter at the country stores.

The bulk of this butter is shipped in

from a long distance and retails for

from four to six cents per pound

above the market quotations. One

dairy farmer in this community made

a careful study of the situation, pur-

chased a cream separator and butter-

making outfit; he sells his butter to

dairymen who ship their milk to the

city trade. During the summer months

when the milk producers have a sur-

plus he buys it and finds a ready sale

for his butter, cream and cottage

cheese at a summer resort about five

miles from his farm. In this way he

has worked up a very profitable sys-

tem of dairy farming and his products

always command a premium. Each

fall he buys a bunch of choice heifer

calves from milk producers who have



excellent cows but lack the feed and

conveniences necessary for rearing

their calves. By taking advantage of

the situation he has been able to get

together a herd of choice dairy cattle

and find a profitable market for all of

the dairy cows, butter, cream and cot-

tage cheese he can produce.



The Wife as a Partner.



This man was wise enough to take

his wife into partnership and let her

go the limit in developing the neglect-

ed resources of the farm. While de-

livering butter and cream to some of

her customers at the summer resort

she had several inquiries for cottage

cheese. This set her to thinking. Her

aunt, who could make delicious cot-

tage cheese, volunteered to show her

the fine points of making this palata-

ble and nutritious product. She made

up a lot of samples and left them with

neatly typewritten notes explaining

that she would be pleased to take or-

ders and deliver the cheese the fol-

lowing day. The idea spread among

the visitors at the cottages who had

rarely tasted any really good cottage

cheese. Pretty soon her trade called

for a daily delivery of cream and cot-

tage cheese. Two of the big hotels

bought supplies three times each

week. During July and August she

sells from $250 to $300 worth of this

product to the private families and

hotels at the resort. “1 make the

cheese into balls,” said the woman,

“that average about six to the pound

and sell them at 15 cents per dozen.

After deducting the price of the cream

from the selling price of the product

it nets about 90 cents per hundred

pounds for the skim-milk, not figur-

ing the labor, an item scarcely ever

credited in figuring the profits from a.

farm.



Resorters Willing to Buy. ,



“My success in finding customers

for butter, cream and the cottage

cheese opened my eyes and set my

imagination at work. Why not keep

more poultry; sell dress‘ed chickens

and eggs and grow garden truck and

small fruit for these summer visitors?

Surely'there was money in it. The

people were willing to buy anything





5



mmcrcc

. . E



E



that pleases their palate. The idea





was fascinating. I discussed my plans

with my husband and he told me to

go ahead and take charge of the poul-

try, garden truck and small fruit ends

of the business and that he and the

hired man would do all of the heavy

work for me. By making plans so that

most of my products are ready to sell

during July and August, we have

worked up a summer trade that

amounts to more than $1,000 per year

and our business is on the upward

gain. I find that peas, corn, string

beans, tomatoes and potatoes are the-

best paying vegetable crops. Rasp-

berries and blackberries pay fairly

well. Good chickens and eggs always

command good prices. Those pro-

ducts and the dairy products keep me

pretty busy during the months of July

and August; however, by planning my

work properly I deliver all of the

stuff in the morning and get home in

time for dinner. Of course, I keep a.





week, selling things from his father’s

farm. Many of the trainmen who have

regular runs draw big wages and are

better pay than men who do not have

steady employment. Some of the train-

men’s wives send him a postal card

a day or two before, telling him just

what to put'rin their baskets. In this

way he knows just what time to leave

his baskets with the station agent for

the trainmen.



Getting Acquainted with the Con-



Sumer.



The improvement of country roads

and the more general use of the auto-

mobile has opened up greater oppOr-

tunities for the country woman to find

a profitable market for her products.

About 22 miles from Buffalo a young

woman and her sister have worked up

a very profitable business by serving

Sunday dinners for automobile parties

during the summer months._ By serv-

ing good meals and looking after the

comfort of these parties, the young

women had the advantage of meeting

Mrs. Consumer and working up a

trade in home-canned fruits, jams and

vegetables. '



This home~canning affords an ideal

way to dispose of the surplus. It takes

perishable fruits and vegetables and

turns them into imperishable pro-

ducts. It takes surplus that is difli-

cult to market at all, and at the sea-





 





Low Grade Feed Can be Marketed to





girl to assist me with my work and

we have a regular hired man by the

year, besides, I hire some of my neigh-

bors’ children to pick peas, beans and

berries. Our expenses are not large

and we plan to have something to sell

every week in the year, but depend

upon the summer season to put a tidy

amount in the bank each year.”



A Boy’s Success in Direct Selling.



At the junction of two railroads

near a small village in Erie county,

New York, a farmer’s son has worked

up a good market for his eggs, dress-

ed fowls, fruit and garden truck. By

putting up his produce in neat market

baskets, with a covered top, and in-

ducing some of the railroad men to

take trial orders, the idea spread

among the train employes until he

has more than fifty customers. One

time about a year ago a wreck occur-

red near his home and several of the

division officials were compelled to

dine with the wrecking crew in the

caboose. He was on the job with his

baskets of eggs, cream and fruit. Some

of the officials were pleased with his

products and took his name and ad-

dress. At present he sends five bas-

kets each week to the division super-

intendent’s office, besides larger or-

ders of apples, potatoes and vegeta-

bles from time to time. Of course, It

takes time and considerable patience

to lookafter such a trade and many

times a basket is missed and must be

disposed of to someone else or packed

again to meet the order of other cus-

tomers. This boy, who is only 15

years old, has built up a little trade}

that amounts to from $30 to. $40 a:





Advantage Through Live Stock.





son'when pricesare lowest; and car-

ries it over to the season when prices

are good and demand brisk. It gives

individuality to a commonplace pro-

duct. By meeting Mrs. Consumer in

their own home and showing her just

how they prepared their canned goods

she is at once impressed with the idea

of buying clean products direct from

the farm. In discussing the problem

of finding a market for products put

up in this manner, with one of the

women, she said:



Canned Fruit Trade Developed.



“We have a large house, and since

my husband died we have had to fig-

ure rather closely to keep the farm up

in good shape and make a living from

our one-half of the income. Our ten-

ant is better than the average, but so

much was going to waste that it made

me feel as though I ought to do some-

thing to turn it into profit. One Sun-

day a large automobile party had an

accident near my home. I invited the

women to come in and wait until the

men could telephone for a machine to

come out from the city and take them

home. They had dinner with us and

after dinner I invited them to go with

me for a walk about the garden and

orchard. We had 30 or 40 trees load-

ed with plums and peaches that were

going to waste and another young or-

chard that was just coming into hear-

ing. One of the women asked me why

I didn't can the fruit and sell them in

the city. I told her I would be glad

to do so if I could sell it after I had

it put up. She- said you just go ahead

and can 200 cans of those peaches

and. plums like you did the ones you





‘ ning.





 





AUG. 729, 1914.’





served with your dinner, and I will

send you my check for $70 when my

man comes out after them. I have

friends in the city who are only too

glad to get that kind of fruit and they

are not particular about the prices if

the quality suits them; One of the

other women said I can use 50 cans

of fruit and would be very glad to

buy that many cans of tomatoes, for

my folks are sort of prejudiced against

those put up at the canning factories.

With this order as a beginning of our

canning business we have worked and

found customers until our business is

expanding at both ends. By putting

up our fruit, buying some of the sur-

plus from our neighbors and raising

more corn, tomatoes and small fruits

our kitchen has. been changed into a

paying factory with valuable trade

and products.”



Great Possibilities in Working up



Trade.



For the farm woman who has the

gumption and ability to work up a

profitable little business of her own,

I know of nothing that offers more op-

portunities than the home-canning and

manufacture of jams, jellies, apple

butter, preserves, pickles and similar

products. Every woman who will take

the pains to put up clean products in

neat and attractive cans can build up

a good trade among the better class

of city customers. If one is not in a.

position to deliver the canned pro-

ducts direct to the consumer, it is

better to have some neat and attrac-

tive labels printed telling exactly how

the products are put up, what they are

and that only the best fruit, sugar,

spices, vinegar, etc., are used in can-

In this way one can find gro-

cery stores and delicatessen shops

that will be willing to handle the pro-

ducts and work up a demand from

their best class of customers. The

demand for this grade of products is

increasing rapidly and thousands of

large city groceries are supplying the

more prosperous fanmies with home-

canned products. Before one can in-

terest the large retail merchants the

quality and cleanliness of the products

must be well established. The quick-

est way to convince the grocerymen

and create a demand for one’s pro-

ducts is to send an assortment to his

home and let him use them on his

own table. Then, if your goods please

and he finds‘that you can supply him

with equally as good products, he will

be willing to push your products to

his best customers. If one has the

necessary raw materials, conveniences

and business ability, it is better to

deal with the groceryman or delica-

tessen shop than to work out a sys-

tem of advertising and sell directly

to private families.



New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





STAMPING BASKETS AND FAVOR-

ITISM.





 





Peddlers and commission men of

Detroit state that one must have all

baskets in which he offers and sells

goods, stamped, even if they do hold

the required amount. Now, what I

should like to know is, that if the

farmers are required to have their

measures so stamped, why is it that

peddlers and buyers are allowed to

use baskets that are not stamped?

Could we not make complaint against





them?



Wayne Co. A. C. R.



The letter of the law from which the

state and county sealers of weights

and measures get their authority for

regulating the sale of produce as re-

gards quantity, seems to be fair. The

provisions are comprehensive and in-

clude all who would offer and sell

goods. The text reads: “The county

and state inspectors may, in the gen-

eral performance of their official dut-

ies, enter or go in, upon, and without

formal warrant, any stand, * place,

building, or premises, or stop any ven-

dor, peddler, junk dealer, coal wagon,

ice wagon, delivery wagon, or any

dealer whatsoever and require him, if

necessary, to proceed to some place

which the sealer may, specify, for the .
AUGz-‘29. 1914.1 ‘~ x





purpose of making the proper tests.”

'It would appear from this wording

that the law covers all classes of men

who are in the business of selling

goods that are weighed or measured.



Concerning the particular point ask-

ed about in the inquiry, there also ap-

pears to be no exception to the pro-

vision. The wording is as follows:

“Whenever any sealer or inspector

compares weights, measures, or

weighing or measuring instruments

and finds them to correspond, or caus-

es them to correspond, with the stan-

dards in his possession, he shall seal

or mark such weights, measures, or

weighing or measuring instruments

with appropriate devices to be approv-

ed by the state superintendent of

weights and measures.” There is no

limitation to the extent of power here.

The peddlers and commission men as

well as the farmers, are subject to the

act.



The statute again provides that “the

county sealer shall at least once each

year and as much oftener as he may

deem necessary, see that the weights,

measures,'and all apparatus used in

the county «are correct.” And again,

the text states, “the superintendent

shall issue from time to time, regula-

tions for the guidance of city and.

county. sealers, and the said regula-

tions shall govern the procedure to

be followed by the aforesaid officers

in the discharge of their duties." In

the enforcement of the staute it has

undoubtedly been found that the most

just way is to require that all meas-

ures, weights, measuring and weigh-

ing instruments be sealed or marked.

Such enforcement may work a little

hardship at the outset, but the pur-

pose of the law will be gained much

sooner. If this be the policy of the

men whose duty it is to see that the

law is made effective, we see no rea-

son for its being applied to one class

and not to another.





UNITED STATES POTATO CROP.





 





The bureau of statistics of the Uni-

ted States department of Agriculture

estimates the potato crop of the whole

country on conditions as they appear-

ed August 1, to be 79 per cent of an

average crop. This is one per cent

better than the estimate of the 1913

crop on August 1, of last year, but is

15.4 per cent below the estimate of

August, 1912. Following are the esti-

mates by states for the three years





mentioned: Aug. 1, Aug. 1, Aug. 1,



1914. 1913. 1912.



Per C. Per C. Per C.

Maine . . . . ....... 97 92 86

Vermont . . . . 97 83 85

N. Hampshire 97 91 83

Massachusetts 94 75 80

Rhode Island 96 80 79

Connecticut 97 75 72

New York ....... 91 79 80

New Jersey ...... 81 72 76

Pennsylvania 82 83 88

Delaware ........ 70 74 84

Maryland ........ 69 66 99

Virginia ......... 63 _ 86 88

West Virginia 50 78 96

No. Carolina . . . . 57 84 90

So. Carolina, ..... 65 g 80 84

Georgia .......... 70 78 88

Florida ......... 85 87 84

Ohio ............ 70 76 90

Indiana .......... 51 57 92

Illinois .......... 50 51 91

Michigan ........ 86 79 88

Wisconsin ....... 90 88 91

Minnesota ....... 86 89 92

Iowa ............ 76 70 91

Missouri ....... .. 45 55 88

North Dakota .. . 86 85 93

South Dakota .. . . 80 86 92

Nebraska ........ 74 69 80

Kansas .......... 64 51 88

Kentucky ........ 33 64 94

Tennessee ..... 44 72 90

Alabama ......... 65 80 84

Mississippi ...... 66 79 80

Louisiana 76 78 75

Texas ........... 75 70 67

Oklahoma 75 73 67

Arkansas ........ 61 76 79

Montana . . . . . . 87 87 96

Wyoming ........ 86 95 91

Colorado . 89 85 90

New Mexico ..... 98 70 75

Arizona .......... 92 88 90

Utah . . . . . . 87 93 94

Nevada . . . . 93 92 96

Idaho ..... 85 90 96

Washington . .. . . . 88 92 98

Oregon ........... 3(2) . $893 1(9)}



Cal :forni . . . . . . _

i ' a 78 94.4





United States. {.79‘





 

 





, Potatoes hardly normal.





. change in, crops and. pastures.





9TH E ”MIC’H I:G=AvN' FA RM E R





Crop andflMarkct Notes.





Michigan.



Branch Co., Aug. 17.—Have had it

very dry here and some of the new

seeding is killed. Pastures are very

short; cows are drying up on their

milk and have to be dry-fed. Corn

fields vary, some being almost a fail-

ure while others on heavy ground

promise a fair crop. Rain on the

tenth, and again this morning, will

help late corn, potatoes and beans.

The acreage of beans is large and of

potatoes average. Scarcely any clo-

verseed will be secured. Threshing is

well along, with oats averaging 35

bushels; wheat eight to 10 bushels,

and rye 15 bushels. Eggs bring 20c;

butter 20c; oats 37c; wheat 920.



Washtenaw Co., Aug. 17.—Drought

broken by rain, but wind was so se-

vere as to knock corn down badly.

Early potatoes poor. Vines are large

and thrifty but tubers are few and

small. Beans looking good. Not very

much plowing done for wheat, but ev-

eryone has started since rains. Oat

yields range from 20 to 60 bushels per

acre. Wheat is averaging around 20

bushels. Where apples are sprayed

the outlook is good. There are no

pears or peaches. Wheat 95c; rye

650; oats 400; hay, baled. $12@13.

Farmers are generally holding grain

expecting better prices.



Northern Isabella and Southern

Clare Co.’s, Aug. 19.——After a dry spell

we had a severe electrical storm on

August 17, which did a great deal of

damage to buildings throughout Clare

and Isabella counties. Bians badly

blighted. Oat threshing in full blast

and about half a crop. Potato and ap-

ple crop poor, with the exception of

fall apples. Wheat crop poor; corn

good.



Ottawa Co., Aug. 20.——If the frost

holds off until about October 1 there

will be 65 per cent of a corn crop.

Potatoes a fair crop; beans promise

two-thirds of a crop. Cloverseed will

be a short crop. The usual amount of

plowing is being done for wheat, and

the late rains have been a great help

for fitting the ground. Also for late

potatoes and beans. Not as many

hogs being fattened and only a small

amount of other live stock. It is more

profitable to sell calves for veal than

to raise them for beef. Apple crop is

not very good.



New York.



Niagara Co., Aug. 20.——Early plant-

de beans good, but late are very poor.

Wheat good and all secured. Oats

medium and musty, and in the show-

ers that we have been having for the

past week. Apples, winter, good;

pears, fair; peaches a failure; apples

$1.50@2; eggs 22c; butter 24c.



New Jersey.



Morris Co., Aug. 16.—Corn, potatoes

and onions are good. Wheat is a fail«

ure. Oats were heaVy and hay a fair

crop. Very little preparation has been

done for fall seeding. Most farmers

are going to sow late on account of

the fly. The usual amount of live

stock being kept. Apples and peaches

are fair crops. Good peaches are sell-

ing at 75c@$1.50 per 16-quart basket.

Eggs 300; butter 330. Sugar and flour

have taken a jump on account of the

war. .



Pennsylvania.



Lancaster Co., Aug. 18.—Corn crop

will be exceptionally good this year‘.

Many farm-

ers are selling early to get good

prices. A large bean crop. Very little

cloverseed has been raised. Onions

were very small. Some farmers are

plowing and preparing for fall seed‘

ing. Yield of wheat and oats was very

good. Hay crop short. Many hogs

and other live stock. Apple crop will

be good, and years and peaches are

abundant. Eggs are selliLg for 230;

butter 300.



Erie Co., Aug. 17J—This has been

the dryest season known in many

years. Corn and potatoes are not

very good. Spring seeding is mostly

killed. Not much threshing done yet.

Hay was about an average crop. Hogs

are scarce but other live stock as

plentiful as usual. There will be a

large crop of early and late apples but

they will be small. Not many pears

and peaches. Potatoes $1: oats 50c;

hay $10; eggs 200; butter 300; cheese

15c; veal 9c; pork 7c.





Ohio.



Ashtabula Co., Aug. 20.—~The drouth

has been broken by copious rains of

the past two weeks, which is greening

up the brown pastures and meadows.





,The dreaded army worm got in his





devastating work here. Many fields

of grain were harvested green to save

at least a part of the crop. Threshing

is now in full swing. Wheat turning

out fair; oats poor; new seeding prac-

tically a failure“ Attendance at the

county fair rather small. Butter 28@

300: chickens 12@150; eggs 24c; po-

tatoes 60@75c; pork 8@8%c; veal

10c; wheat 95c; oats 60c.



Brown Co., Aug. 17.—The general

rains of August 9-10 made a great

, It now

looks as though late corn was going





- ;.".. 1'”





to be much heavier than the. early

corn. The late potatoes are looking

well, although there was a poor stand

in most places. Early potatoes are

scarce and high. There is a good crop

of beans and onions. It has been too

dry up until late for preparing seed

bed, but rains will help the farmers in

getting it cut or plowed. Pears and

apples are scarce; there are some

peaches retailing at $1.50@2 a bushel.

Butter 18@200; eggs 18c; hay $20 per

ton; corn 85@900; wheat 90@920 a

bushel; rye 75@80c; hogs, mixed

pack, $8.75@9; fat sows $5.50@7.50.



Carroll Co., Aug. 17.——Farmers are

busy threshing now. The wheat and

rye crops were very .good this year.

Oats a fair crop, but it has been to

dry for corn and potatoes. The apple

crop is pretty good this year. Every-

thing is suffering for want of rain.

Prices are rather unsettled on pro-

duce.



Warren Co., Aug. 19.—The drougth

still continues; pastures are dried up

and farmers are feeding stock; many

are selling animals to save feed.

Threshing is done. Wheat yielded

around 13 bushels; oats 20, and rye

nine bushels. Corn has suffered for

moisture. Farmers are attending pic-

nics and hauling gravel. Many silos

are going up. Wheat 87c; corn 85c;





oats 37c; butter 250; eggs 200; chick—

ens 18c; hogs $8.75; cattle $7.25;

veals $10.



Greene Co., Aug. 17.——Corn has





stood the drought well, and will be as

good as last year but not an average

crop. Potatoes are poor. Cloverseed

is short but well filled. Some plowing

done for wheat. Threshing well along;

wheat yield 14 to 40 bushels; oats

short and of poor quality. Hay cut in

half by the dry weather. Usual amount

of hogs. Some cholera. N0 apples

except in avfew places. Wheat 900;

corn 860; eggs 200; butter 29c.

Hardin Co., Aug. l8.——It is very dry

here. Pastures are poor and there is

much feeding. Have a fair crop of

apples. Grocery stores are paying 750

per bushel for early apples. Hogs 8c;

rough cattle 50; timothy hay $12; oats

390; wheat 780; new potatoes $1. Po-

tatoes look fairly good yet but need





rain badly.



Hancock Co., Aug. 17.—This has

been a very dry season. Pastures are

short and corn will be only half a.

crop. Showers are now helping late

potatoes. Early ones were a failure.

No cloverseed. Has been too hard to

plow for wheat. Oats yielded from

20 to 45 bushels, and wheat from 12

to 32 bushels. Hogs scarce and high,

8@9c; good fat steers selling at 80.

Apples, peaches, pears and plums are

very scarce. Spring seeding has stood

the dry weather fairly well. More

wheat will be sown than usual. Corn

$1.07 per cwt; wheat 900 per bushel;

oats 37c; rye 550; butter 22c; cream

26c; eggs 200; young chickens 160.



Holmes Co., Aug. 17.-—Recent show-

ers have been insufficient to break the

drought. Plowing for wheat is pro-

gressing slowly. Corn needs rain bad-

ly. Potatoes will be light. Clover-

seed is promising. Wheat and oats

yield better than an average. Usual

amount of hogs and other live stock.

Too dry for peaches. Wheat 880;

corn 900; oats 40c; dairy butter 20c.



Wayne Co., Aug. 17.—-Recent rains

have done corn, potatoes and pastures

much good. Beans almost a failure.

Acreage of clover small but seems to

be filling well. Some farmers are

plowing. Hay was short. Wheat and

oats turned out fairly well. Wheat

averaged from 15 to 30 bushels; oats

40 to 50 bushels. Hogs are in fair

numbers. Apples serling about 750

per bushel. Wheat 89c; butter 240.



Indiana.



Daviess Co., Aug. 17.——The drouth

continues. Corn will make less than

half a crop. Late potatoes poor; on

ions fair; cloverseed short, truck fail-

ed except tomatoes. Very little plow~

ing on account of hard ground. We

had a good wheat crop but no oats,

and only a light crop of hay. Breed-

ing stock of cows and hogs being sold

on account of feed shortage. Apples,

pears and peaches will make a fair

crop; quality poor. Hogs 9c; cattle

8c; horses cheap; corn 90c; wheat $1;

chickens 11@150 ub; butter 200; eggs

15c; potatoes $1.60 a ,bushel. Had a

light rain on the 13th, which may help

late crops.



Elkhart Co., Aug. 17.———On account

of an eight weeks drought the corn

crop will be small, a large amount of

it will be put into the silo. Late po-

tatoes will behalf a stand; a small

acreage of wheat will be soWn this

fall on account of poor crops caused

by the Hessian fly. Farmers are sell-

ing oif stock on account of the short-

age of feed. Corn 85c; wheat 900; po-

tatoes $1; eggs 24c; butter 300; chick-

ens, young, 30c.



LaGrange Co., Aug. 17.——The drouth

has injured the corn crop so that it

will yield 50 per cent of normal. Cut-

ting will begin in about two weeks.

Potatoes are very scarce. The late

crop will be somewhat better than the

early potatoes. Many cowpeas have

been sown, due to the scarcity of hay.





 





17—173





The drought" has not effected their

growth. Many farmers are sowmg al-

falfa at this time on a well prepared

seed bed. The average yield of wheat

in this section was about ten bushels,

the Hessian fly having did serious

damage. Not many hogs are present,

due to the loss last year by cholera.

Early apples are selling at $1; wheat

94c; corn 70c; oats 400; eggs 200;

butter 200; cloverseed $10.50.



Jay Co., Aug. 19.—This week’s rain

will finish the corn in this section in

grand shape. Some corn is already

too hard for roasting ears. Some have

lost by ravages of chinch bugs but on

the Whole the crop will be above the

average in this section. Old corn is

selling for $1.12 per cwt. Early pota-

toes are all used up. The lates ones

show up well but this section does

not produce enough to supply the de.

mand. Beans grown in our county do

not have the flavor of the northern

grown. Cloverseed is hulling out one

bushel per acre and is selling for $9.75

per bushel. Onions grown will not

supply local demand. Seeding prep-

arations for fall planting is 75 per

cent done. Many are discing before

plowing this year. Wheat yield is

25 bushels for the county; oats 30.

Hay is being bought and baled by

shippers. One farmer baled out 58

tons of straw and sold it, buying com-

mercial fertilizer to replace the plant

food. Hogs on hand average up with

former seasons. Hog cholera cleaned

out one farmer of 21 head and by vac‘

cination the community was saved.

Cattle on hand above the average, but

being held by farmers. Early apples

about gone. Late showing up well,

one farmer selling orchard’s crop of

five acres to shippers. Big pears are

a complete failure but little variety

yielded abundantly this year. There

are no peaches. Apples sell from 45c

@$1.25; oats 35c; eggs 200: butter

25c; lard 121/20: potatoes $1.25 per

bushel; young chickens 140; old 110:

hay $9@13; hogs $8.75@9.25; cattle

3@80; sheep 3@5c: coal $3@5.50;

hard $7.50.



Illinois.



Marion Co., Aug. 17.—There has

been no rain here since April 7. All

crops are complete failures except

corn, which will yield some fodder.

Stock can hardly be sold at any price.

Several carloads of cattle and mules

are being shipped to places where

there has been rain. Nearly all the

younger men have left to find work

elsewhere. There will be plenty of

peaches and pears, but the early and





late apple crops will be small. Eggs

160; butter 200.

Wisconsin.





Wausahara Co., Aug. 19.——Severe

drought has dried up pastures. The

yield of early planted potatoes and

corn considerably cut short. Late

planted potatoes look promising yet.

Too dry to plow for fall seeding. Clo‘

verseed promises a good crop. Yield

of rye is fair, but cats have not been

as light nor the yield as low for many





years. This is due to great heat at

filling out time. Oats up to 450; rye

600; wheat 900; eggs 180; pork, live





7(1171/20 potatoes about 500 per bushel.

While apples rotted under trees last

year there are few to rot or sell this

year.



Missouri.



Warren Co., Aug. 18.—Upland corn

almost a failure. Bottom land has a

good stand. Potatoes, beans, onions

and cloverseed are short crops. But

little plowing done on account of the

dryness. Oats and hay half a crop.

Wheat was fine. Cowpeas are being

sown for hay. Farmers are selling

cattle, and hogs are scarce. Early ap‘

ples are good. Lates ones fair. Pears

and peaches are good, selling at $1.50

per bushel. Butter 30c; cream 28c;

hens llc; springs 15c; wheat 83c; hay

$15. Vegetables are high, with a

short supply; potatoes 3c~per lb; cab-

bage 4c; sugar is 10c retail.



Kansas.



Franklin Co., Aug. 20.—«Corn in this

county badly hurt by the drouth; late

corn a complete failure; early corn

makes good fodder with some good

ears on it. Potatoes about half a crop.

Oats yielded well, an average of about

35 bushels. Some fields made as high

as 60 an 78 bushels per acre. Hay is

very light. Pastures burnt up entirely

so farmers have had to feed their

stock the past few weeks. About half

the usual amount of hogs and cattle

are being kept this year. Apples are

scarce; a few orchards that were well

sprayed are yielding good fruit. Pears

are scarce. Peaches a fair crop and

sell for $1@1.50 a bushel; apples Ziéc

a pound; grapes fair at 2960 a pound;

butter-fat 230; eggs 170..



Marion Co., Aug. 17.—Corn about a

half crop, and potatoes are scarce.

Not much stack threshing done. Al-

falfa about cut. Cloverseed a failure.

Prairie hay f fair crop but weedy.





Rough feed plentiful. Apples and

peaches are very short. Wheat mak-

ing 20 bushels per acre. Oats 47





bushels. Horses and mules selling

low. Hogs are scarce and cholera .1:

(Continued on page 175). .
174—18





E.IIIIIIIlIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|lIIIIIIIIl|llII|III|IllIIlIIIIIIIIIIIII|IlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIfiI





Markets.

5





||IIIIIllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIIIIIlIIIlllIllIllIII|II|IIIIIIIIIIl|II|III|||IllIllIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIII

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





' August 25, 1914.



Wheat—Although the market eon-

tinues to be unsettled prices are rap-

idly rising to higher levels. There is

an urgent demand for the grain. Mill-

ers have orders for flour to keep them

running for some time, while the

scarcity of cash wheat has‘prevented

the acceptance of large orders for

flour by millers in Minneapolis. Eu-

ropean countries are making urgent

inquiry and many cargoes have been

and are being loaded for export which;

has a bullish effect upon the trade.

The statistical situation in the north-

ern hemisphere is also favorable to

strong prices. No changes of import-

ance have occurred in this country,

the bumper crop of winter wheat

promised earlier being now nearly se-

cured in farmers’ granaries or barns.

The producers are holding back in a

good many instances, believing that

prices will advance to still higher fig-

ures. A year ago the price for No. 2

red wheat on the local market was

91%c per bushel. Quotations for the

past week are:



No.2 No.1





Red. White. Dec.





g

”E:

a

El





 





Wednesday . . . 21.00% 1.00 1.05%

Thursday . . . . . . ‘99 % 99 1.04%

Friday . . . . . . . . .1.01% 1.01 1.06%

Saturday . ...... 1.04 1.03% 1 09 1/4,

Monday ........ 1.04 1.03% 1 09%

Tuesday . . . . . .1.07 1 06% 1 13





Chicago, (Aug. 25).—No. 2 red

wheat $1.06% Sept, $1.03; Dec.,$1.07.



Corn.———In spite of the advance in

wheat values, corn has declined since

a week ago. Prices are off 3@4c. The

weather conditions are credited large-

ly for the change. Over a large sec-

tion of the country the corn crop was

suffering for lack of moisture, but the

recent rains have soaked the soil so

that the plant is getting the necessary

amount of water and many fields that

were threatened with considerable

damage are now reviving and stand a

chance of yielding fair to good crops

providing the conditions from now to

maturing time are normal. Cash corn

is not moving in large volume and of-

ferings from the-country are small.

One year ago the price for No. 3 corn

was 76c per bushel. Quotations for

the past week are:





No.3 No. 3



/ Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday . . . . . . . .’. 85% 87%

Thursday OOIOCOOOCOO 85 87

Friday 85 87

Saturday 85 87

Monday 84% 861/2

Tuesday . ........... 84 86





Chicago, (Aug. 25).—September corn

800; Dec., 707/8c; May 73%c.



0ats.——Foreign demand has been an

important factor in the cat deal this

past Week. France in particular has

been calling for cats and large pur-

chases for export to thatcountry have

been made. On Monday over a mil-

lion bushels were taken in Chicago to

forward to seaboard for shipment out

of the country. The advance has ex-

cited a little increase in the offerings

from farmers but they are not large

and there seems to be a disposition

among the growers to hold on for a

short time at least. One year ago the

price for standard oats on the local

market was 42%c per bushel. Quota-

tions for the past week are:





No. 3

Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 45 4 4 is

Thursday ........... 44 % 44

Friday .............. 45 44 %

Saturday ........... 46 4 5 1;:

Monday ............. 47 46 1

Tuesday ............ 47 1/2 47





Chicago, (Aug. 25).——No. 3 white

oats 46@46%c; Sept., 46%0; Dec.,

48%0.



Rye.——Another advance of 50 was

made last week. Demand is fair

and the supply limited. No. 2 is quot-

ed at 85c per bushel.



Beans.—-Conditions are firmer but

prices have not advanced. Immediate

and prompt shipments $2.65 per bu;

October $2.25. Chicago—Prices con-

tinue firm and demand steady. Offer-

ings are light. Pea beans, hand-pick-

ed, choice, are quoted at $3@3.10;

common at $2.75@2.90; red kidneys,

choice $3.50@4.



CIoverseed.—Prices on cloverseed

are 25c higher and market remains

firm. Offerings are light. Prime spot

$10.75; October and December $11;

alsike sales were made at $9.25.



Timothy Seed.——Prime spot $2.75

per bushel. .



Alfalfa Seed.——Pr1me spot $9.75.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.

Noun—Jobbing lots in one-eighth





paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs. as follows. Best





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





patent $5.80; second $5.30; straight

$4.80; spring patent $5.80; rye flour

$4.40 per bbl.



Feed.—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $26; standard middlings

$28; fine middlings $30; coarse corn-

meal $33.50; cracked corn $34.50; corn

and oat chop $30 per ton.



Hay.——Carlots on track at Detroit

are: New, No. 1 timothy $16@16.50;

standard $15@15.50; No. 2, $14@14.50;



New York—Market higher. N0. 1

Eilmothy $22; No. 3 to No. 2, $18.50@





Chicago.—Offerings light and the

demand good. Choice timothy quoted

at $17.50@19 per ton; No. 1, $15@

15.50; No. 2, $13.50@14.50.



Straw.——Steady. Rye $8@8.50; oat





straw $7@7.50; wheat straw $7@7.50.





per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butter.——Market active, with prices

higher. Extra creamery 300 per lb;

firsts 280; dairy 20c; packing stock

190.



Chicago—Market is firm with the

price slightly higher. The supply of

fresh goods is light and storage stock

is drawn upon. Extra creamery 30c;

extra firsts 28%@29c per lb; firsts 26

@27%c; seconds 24@25c; packing

stock 21@21%c.



Elgin.———Bids of 30c were made but

holders asked 30%c. No sales made.



New York—The market is firm with

prices slightly higher. Creamery ex-

tras 31@31%c; firsts 28@30%c; sec-

onds 25%@27%c.



Eggs.—Market is steady with prices

unchanged. Fresh stock sells at 23 %c

per dozen.



Chicago—A firm feeling continues

to exist. Prices are about 1c higher.

Fresh stock sells well. Miscellaneous

lots, cases included, 17@22c; ordinary

firsts 19@20c; firsts 22%@23%c.



New York—Market steady, with

prices on fresh stock higher. Fresh

gathered extras 28@3OC; extra firsts

$2@27%c per dozen; seconds 22@



c.



Poultry.——Market quiet with prices

on broilers lower. Other prices are

unchanged. Live broilers quoted at

170 per lb; hens 14@160; ducks 14@

150; young ducks 15@160; geese 11

@12c.



Chicago.——The market steady with

prices slightly advanced. Quotations

on live are: Fowls 150; spring chick-

ens 16@17%c; ducks, good stock 12@

13c; guinea hens, per dozen $2@4;

spring geese 12@13c.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Fruits.—Pears $2.50@4 per bbl;

plums $1.25@1.50 per bushel; Cham-

pion grapes 18@200 per 8-lb. basket;

peaches, Elberta $2.25@2.50 per bu.



Chicago—Michigan peaches $1 per

six-basket crates; Clapp’s Favorite

years $2.50@3 per bbl; Bartlett $2.50

@325 per bbl; Sugar pears $2.50;

grapes 12@14c per 8-1b. basket.



Vegetables.—Home-grown cabbage,

$1.25@1.50 per bbl; new beets 650 per

bushel; radishes 100 per dozen; home-

grown green corn $1@1.1O per sack;

leaf lettuce 40c per lb; green beans

75c per bu; wax beans 750 per bu.





 





Apples.—Supply is liberal and de- 5





mand not very active; 50@90c per bu;

$2@3 per bbl.

Chicago—The market is plentifully





foreign trade is increasing in strength

and prices in England have advanced.

Every kind of wool is being sought,

but as yet the inquiry for fleeces is

not so urgent as for other kinds; how-

ever, sales are being made at firm

prices and later it is expected that a

more liberal demand will run values

to higher levels. Foreign wools are

not offered in any considerable quan-

tities. At Boston unwashed Michigan

delaine is quoted at 27@28c; unwash-

ed clothing 23@26c; unwashed comb-

ing 23@29c.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





The‘ volume of business conducted

here is exceeding the capacity of the

sheds to accommodate. As usual, the

prices for the offerings are suffering

from the heavy supplies, but no more

so than other seasons. Potatoes are

$1; pears $1.25@1.50; apples 500@$1;

plums $1.50@2; tomatoes 60@75c; let-

tuce 25c; string beans 500; cabbage

300; onions $1.10@1.25; silver onions

10c per qt; celery 25@30c per large

bunch; eggs 290 per dozen; loose hay

is not coming forward very liberally

and the local market is nominally

quoting it at $16@18 per ton.





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

, August 24, 1914.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts here today as follows: Cat-

tle 200 cars; hogs 85 d. d.; sheep and

lambs 30 d. d.; calves 1425 head.



With 200 cars of cattle on the mar-

et here today, 20,000 reported in Chi-

cago, 18,000 in Kansas City, and 60

loads on sale in Jersey City, our mar-

ket again was dull and draggy, and

all the cattle weighing over 1100 lbs.,

in fact, everything suitable for ship-

ping purposes, sold from steady last

Monday’s prices on the natives to 350

per cwt. and 500 per cwt. lower on the

Canadians, and at the close of the

market there were some 20 loads of

cattle still left over. However, we do

not expect any material improvement

until the supplies both east and west

of us slack up in number.



Receipts of hogs today were fairly

liberal, about 85 double decks, and a

slow and lower trade on all weigh-ts

was the result. Pigs were extremely

dull, especially under weights. Any-

thing weighing less than 100 lbs. sold

very low, while the best weights,

from 110 to 120 average, sold around

$8.75. A few choice heavies quotable

at $9.40@9.50, while the best mixed

weights changed hands at $9.50 gen-

erally, with, a few selected loads at

$9.55. Roughs $8@8.25; stags $6.50@

7.50. All good grades were sold at the

close and late market was steady, but

quite a number of light pigs going

over unsold.



The market was active today on

lambs and sheep. Prices quarter high-

er than the close of last week. Choice

handy lambs selling mostly at $8.75@

9. We look for steady prices the bal-

ance of the week.



We quote: Spring lambs $8.75@9;

cull to fair $6.50@8.50; yearlings $6@

7; bucks $3@3.50; heavy ewes $4.75@

; handy ewes $5.50@5.75; wethers

$6@6.25; cull sheep $2@3.75; veals,

choice to extra $11.75@12; fair to!

good $10@11.50; heavy calves $6@





 





 





supplied and stock has‘ to be good to $8 50





sell well. Barrel stock sells best.

Transparent $3@3.50 per bbl; Duchess

$2@3; Astricans $1.50@2.50; Wealthy

$35.35@3.50; Strawberry Pippin $3@

0. e





GRAND RAPIDS.





 





First peaches are coming in, selling

at $1.50@2. The peach crop will be

very light in this section, though ap-

ples, plums and pears promise well.

Best Duchess apples have brought up

to 750 per bushel but are cheaper

now. Fruit prices on the city market

this week range as follows: Apples

50c@$1; peaches $1.75@2; pears 850

@551; grapes $1.75 per dozen 4-1b. bas-

kets; plums $1@1.50. On the vege-

table side of the city market, produce

is selling as follows: Potatoes 70@

800: carrots 50c; tomatoes 50@60c;

turnips 40c; dry onions 50@65c; cab-

bage 40@60c; corn 10@15c; musk-

melons $1@1.25 per bushel. Potato

dealers report not much early stock

moving as yet, and the price paid this

week in Tustin and Cadillac territory

is 500. The bean market is excited

and speculative. Most of the old crop

is in the hands of elevator men and

they were asking up to $3 early this

week. Beans sold at $2.75 in Flint

last week and then slipped off to $2.50

to farmers. Loose hay on city mar-

ket is worth $10@12. Eggs are worth

21c; dairy butter 220.





WOOL.





 





While sales have not been as large $9





as they were a week ago, the market

continues very firm, with the inquiry

broad andpprices firm to higher. 'The’





 





Chicago.

August 24, 1914.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..19,000 32,000 36,000

Same day 1913..21,203 29,228 26,215

Last week ..... 52,209 91,801 95,288

Same wk 1913..47,378 105,519 108,106



Cattle supply of 19,000 for Monday

included 4,500 rangers and following

the big run of the previous week the

market again went lower for all be-

low prime grades. Generally 10@150

decline was shown for common to

choice rangers as well as natives.

This made 25@400 break for good to

choice steers from high point ten days

ago and the common and medium

grades Were down 50@70c from recent

high point. Prime 1528—1b. steers top-

ped at $10.50 and a spread of $9.75@

10.25 took most choice heavy lots.

Prime 1000-lb. Hereford yearlings t0p~

ped at $10.30, a new. high point for

the year for yearlings. She stock sold

steady with the decline of last week,

while for the better classes of feeder

steers prices were strong. Common

and medium feeders went steady.

Calves were 25c lower, topping at

$10.50.



Hog receipts of moderate volume

held prices steady with the close of

the week before. Tops, in fact, went

5c higher but there was little change

in the average prices. Heavy packing

grades were least wanted, and choice

lights still had keenest favor. These

sold up to $9,40 with best butchers at

the35same price and heavies topped at





Sheep and lamb supplies were far

heavier than expected and prices de-

tclmed sharply, bulk Of sheep selling





AUG. 29, 1914.





at 25c decline while native lambs went

25@50c down, with rangers at 25c

loss. Breeding ewes held full steady.

Range lambs topped at $8.25 and na-

tives at $8.10 while feeder lambs made

$7.35@7.40. Common killing lambs

sold down to $6. Native ewes went

mainly at $5@5.35. Montana wethers

brought $5.75; killing ewes $5.10@

5.60 and range breeding ewes made

$5.75@6.75, yearlingss going at the

latter price.



Too many cattle brought about se-

vere declines in the market last week,

only prime grades escaping. Supply

was the largest since the third week

of February, and comprised a big

quota of immature steers from dry

weather sections where owners, being

short of grass and facing high cost of

feed, were induced to ship, by reason

of high prices current in the market

the previous week. Choice grades

closed off 15@25c, medium to good 25

@40c down, and the common light

steers along with plain yearlings were

down 500. Range cattle crop was

6,900 and these sold steady, getting





strong preference from packers as.

. medium native steers.'_

Prlme charted their owu course, two





against the





lots making a new top for the year at

$10.60 and several droves sold at

$10.35@10.50. Yearlings topped at

$10.25 but there were few above $9.65.

Bulk of the week’s general business

was at $8.75@10 and a lot‘ of light

plain steers sold at $7.85@8.25 with

the tailing killers down to $7.25 and

crooked little steers sold for canner

trade dOWn to $5.75@’.. Rangers made

largely $7.35@8.15 for light ones and

heavy steers brought $8.40@8.80 with

tops at $9.50.

400 lower, tops at $8.25 for a fleshy





kind, but there were few trades over;

$7.75 and a spread of $6.50@7.40 took'

It was.

the largest feeder run of the season.‘

severe declines,‘





a plain to pretty good kind.





Butcher stock had

cows selling 25@400 lower at $5@7

for common to choice, and heifers

Were 35@60c lower at $6@8 for com-

mon to choice, with prime up to $9,

and higher. Canners and cutters went

15@25c higher, due to packers’ war

orders. Sales $3.50@5. Bulls declin-

ed 25@500, selling at $5.50@7.65.

Calves went 75c@$1 decline, tops sell«

ing at $10.75.



The hog market finished only about

5c lower than the week before, but it

was an irregular week’s trade and

closing rates were down 15@25c from

high point in midweek. The week’s

trade opened at $8.25@9.30 for poor

to best, and while tops finished at

$9.35 the average prices were on a.

IOWer basis. Packers continued to

bear the market, claiming fresh meat

trade was such as warranted lower

rates, but there was still a good de-

mand from local independents as well

as eastern shippers. Quality ran

poorer, a lot of lard hogs, mostly sows

being offered and these were meanest

sale since killers have big lard stocks

and they are moving slowly. Growers

are fairly bullish on the future market

and disposed to ship moderately as

long as prices hold at or near current

levels. On the close butcher grades

sold up to $9.30, lights topped at $9.35

and heavy shipping at $9.30. Mixed

packing made $8.65@8.95 and heavy

packers went at $8.45@8.85. Pigs clos-

ed 10@15c lower for the week on the

best grades and common lots were 25

@500 lower. Tops sold at $8.75. Bulk

of sales were at $7.50@8.25.



Horse market continued dull at un-

changed prices. A prospect of Cana-

dian demand for horses to outfit the

troops to go to the aid of the crown,

is a hopeful factor for the future. City

and eastern demand continues low

but supplies now coming are short,

only 500 horses arriving last week,

while a year ago the receipts were

1613. Good 1350 to 1450-lb. horses

sold at $200@230, and plain to fair

light grades at $125@170 with a me‘

dium grade of wagon horses at $140@

165. High-class drafters were worth

up to $250@265.





 





FEDERAL FIGURES 0N 1914'AF5i5‘EE

cnop.





 





The department of agriculture esti-

mates the present crop of apples at

210,000,000 bushels, as compared with

185,000,000 bushels for 1913. 235,000,-

000 bushels for 1912, and 214,000,000

bushels for 1911. In other words, the

government places the size of the crop

below the average for the past four

years. The estimates would place the

crop 4,000,000 bushels below the crop

of 1911, 25,000,000 bushels below that

of 1912 and 65,000,000 above the short

crop of a year ago.





 





PROSPECTS FOR CABBAGE.





The cabbage crop of the United

States was placedf at 73.3 per cent of





 





an average crop by the Department of. ~





Agriculture on August 1 of this year.





'On September 1, 1913, the estimate by

.the Department was 82, and 71.2 a





month later, while on September. 1,





1912. the restimategwas put at .87-4. ,





Feeder cattle sold 25@,





 





...- swat ~T"
«A..- A -...—..~'._. ‘.~.7-‘2





““ 'N‘ ‘7 "mm ‘





F



t



.‘i

2





 

 

 





" 333$; 59





‘ .





AUG. 29, 1914.





‘\





THIS IS THE FIRST EDITION.





 





The first edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market, edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday's Market.

August 20, 1914.





Cattle.



Receipts 1318. Good.,dry-fed and can-

ners steady; others 10@15c lower

than last week.



Best heavy steers $8.50@9; best

handy weight butcher steers $7.25@8;

mixed steers and heifers $6.75@7.25;

handy light butchers $6.50@7; light

butchers $5.50@6.50; best cows $6@

6.75; butcher cows $5@5.75; common

cows $4.50@5; canners $3.25@4.25;

best heavy bulls $6@6.50; bologna

bulls $5.75@6; stock bulls $5.25@5.50;

feeders $6.75@7.25; stockers $6.25@

6.75; milkers and springers $40@80.



Bishop, B. & H. 'sold Bresnahan 1

heifer wgh 580 at $5.25, 3 do av 580 at

$5.25; to Goose 11 cows av 953 at

$5.60, 19 butchers av 576 at $5.50; to

Shapero 1 cow wgh 880 at $6, 1 do

wgh 1290 at $7; to Sullivan P. Co.

2 do av 1060 at $6.10, 1 do wgh 1040

at $5, 1 steer wgh 800 at $7.35; to

Mich. B. Co. 4 bulls av 1007 at $6.25;

to Sullivan P. Co. 11 steers av 843 at

$7.35, 2 cows av 775 at $6, 3 steers

av 1253 at $8, 2 cows av 1190 at $6.25,

6 steers av 971 at $7.65, 2 cows av

955 at $6.50, 7 do av 750 at $5.65, 2

do av 800 at $6.75, 20 steers av 931

at $7.50, 3 do av 1053 at $8, 2 cows av

1190 at $6.25, 6 steers av 971 at $7.65,

2 cows av 955 at $6.50, 4 butchers av

805 at $7; to Grant 8 do av 700 at

$5.65; to Bane 8 stockers av 624 at

$6.50; to Brown 9 do av 445 at $6, 15

do av 570 at $6.50; to Bowersox 8

cows av 890 at $5.65; to Hammond, S.

& Co. 7 steers av 1010 at $8, 2 cows

av 1065 at $6.50, 3 canners av 900 at

$4.25, 3 cows av 1153 at $5.50; to

Rattkowsky 5 cows av 844 at $4.65; to

Ratner 10 heifers av 576 at $6.25; to

Parker, W. & Co. 6 canners av 750 at

$3.50; to Lamkin 11 stockers av 550

at $6.75, 2 do av 015 at $6.75; to

Schlischer 13 butchers av 707 at $5.50.



Spicer & R. sold Mason B. Co.

steers av 1290 at $9; to Goose z butch-

ers av 620 at $6, 1 bull wgh 1270 at

$6.50, 3 butchers av 807 at $4.75; to

Kull 1 bull wgh 920 at $6, 4 steers av

860 at $7.40; to Watts 4 feeders av

900 at $7; to Newton B. Co. 1 canner

wgh 750 at $3.50, 2 do av 830 at $3.50;

to Breitenbeck 17 steers av 909 at

$7.25; to Bliss 1 do wgh 830 at $7, 3

butchers av 990 at $6.40, 3 do av 590

at $6; to Mason B. Co. 1 bull wgh 1120

at $7; to Newton B. Co. 17 steers av

845 at $6.50; to Watts 10 feeders av

829 at $6.35, 4 do av 830 at $7; to

Breitenbeck 2 steers av 660 at $7.25,

5 bulls av 852 at $5.90; to Newton B.

Co. 1 cow wgh 770 at $5.50, 1 do wgh

860 at $5.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Bresnahan 9 cows

av 968 at $4.45, 6 heifers av 590 at

$6.25, 1 do wgh 850 at $7.50; to New-

ton B. Co. 5 bulls av 962 at $6.15, 4

steers av 750 at $6.75, 3 do av 710 at

$6.75; to Findlay 2 stockers av 375 at

$6.60, 11 do av 556 at $6.60, 1 do wgh

670 at $6.60, 6 do av 625 at $6.80; to

Sullivan P. Co. 14 steers av 930 at

$8, 3 cows av 1057 at $5.75, 4 do av

837 at $4; to Grant 6 bulls av 500 at

$5.35; to Breitenbeck 9 cows av 900

at $5.75, 6 heifers av 670 at $6.80; to

Sullivan P. Co. 10 cows av 1024 at

$6; to Findlay 3 stockers av 403 at

$6.60; to Kull 2 cows av 750 at $6; to

Goose 4 do av 1015 at $5.15; to Grant

3 heifers av 640 at $6.50; to Kamman

B. Co. 24 steers av 944 at $7.50, 2 do

av 660 at $6.85; to Parker, W. & Co.

2 canners av 800 at $3.50, 4 do av 835

at $4, 1 do wgh 990 at $4.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 577. Market steady with

Wednesday; 50@75c lower than last

week. Best $11@11.50; others $8@

10.50.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

29 av 160 at $11.50, 2 av 270 at $9, 12

av 170 at $11, 5 av 180 at $7, 1 wgh

360 at $8.50, 2 av 100 at $8.50; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 5 av 185 at $11.50,

4 av 180 at $11.25, 13 av 145 at $11, 8

av 175 at $10.50, 1 wgh 140 at $9.50;

to Shaparo 4 av 180 at $11.50, 5 av

165 at $11.75; to Mich. B. Co. 11 av

190 at $7, 4 av 230 at $10.50; to Nagle

P. Co. 3 av 150 at $11, 3 av 130 at $9;

to McGuire 8 av 155 at $11.50, 8 av

150 at $11.50, 8 av 185 at $11; to Na-

gle P. Co. 8 av 160 at $11.25, 6 av 17

at $11.50, 11 av 175 at $11, 8 av 150 a

$11.25, 11 av 185 at $11.25.



Spicer & R. sold Applebaum 7 av

180 at $11.40, 4 av 145 at $11.40: to

Kull 2 av 205 at $9.75, 2 av 205 at $12,

8 av 160 at $11.50.



Roe Cem. Co. sold Sullivan P. Go.

1 wgh320 at $7; to Mich. B. Co. 1

wgh 180 at. $10. .



Sheep and Lambs.

. Receipts 3835. . Market dull. Best

lambs ’ $8; fair lambs ”@750; light

to common lambs_d$6@6. 0-,: fainto;

’ $4@5; cullsand common





 





 

 

 





heap





 





 





THE-MICHIGAN FARMER





ADDITIONAL VETERINARY.





Haley & M. sold same 150 av 200

at $9.40.



Spicer & R. sold Thompson Bros. 52

sheep av 85 at $4.25; to Kull 5 lambs

av 80 at $8.25; to Parker, W. & Co.

10 do av 57 at $6, 20 do av 55 at $7.75,

13 do av 70 at $8' to Mich. B. Co.

13 lambs av 65 at $7.50.



Haley & M. sold Thompson Bros.

19 lambs av 60 at $8; to Sullivan P.

Co. 10 do av 55 at $7, 63 do av 78 at

$8; to Parker, W. & Co. 7 sheep av

125 at $4.75; to Newton B. Co. 18

lambs av 60 at $8, 37 do av 70 at $8;

to Parker, W. & Co. 7- sheep av 100 at

$4.75; to Sullivan P. Co. 7de av 140

at $4.50. ‘



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.

12 sheep av 95 at $4.50, 4 do av 120 at

$4.50, 12 lambs av 70 at $8; to Barlage

84 do av 75 at $8; to Rattkowsky 9

sheep av 105 at $5; to Barlage 21

sheep av 80 at $8.:





Hogs.



Receipts 2091. Market 50 higher;

all grades $9.35@9.40.

, Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. &

$$035700 av 200 at $9.40, 200 av 150 at



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. 00.

325 .av 200 at $9.40.



Spicer & R. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 160 av 200 at $9.40. ,





 





Friday's Market.

. August 21, 914.

Cattle.



Receipts this week 1354; last week

1429. Market steady. Best heavy

steers $8.50@9; best handy weight

butcher steers $7.25@8.25; mixed





steers and heifers $6.75@7.25; handy

light butchers $6.50@7; light butchers

$5.25@6.50; best cows $6@6.75; butch-

er cows $5@5.75; common cows $4.50

@5; canners $3.25@4.25; best heavy

bulls $6@6.50; bologna bulls $5.75@6;

stock bulls $5.25@6.50; feeders $6.75

@725; stockers $6.25@6.75; milkers

and springers $40@85.

Veal .Cales.



Receipts this week 606; last week

654; market steady. Best $11@11.50;

others $8@10.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week 4223; last week

4426; market steady. Best lambs $8;

fair lambs $7@7.50; light to common

lambs $5.75@6.75; fair to good sheep





2 $4@5; culls and common $2.50@3.50.





Hogs.

Receipts this week 2202; last week

3282; Market 15@200 lower. All

Grades $9.20@9.25.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





(Continued from page 173).

among them. Fat hogs 9c; cattle 5@

9c; wheat 64c; oats 300; potatoes $1;

eggs 17c; butter 25c.



Trego 00., Aug. 17.-Weather dry

and hot. Corn and feed suffering for

moisture. Corn will average about

half a crop. Potatoes about one-half

a crop. Wheat is yielding more than

was expected. Some wheat making as

much as 45 bushels per acre. The

poorest wheat threshed so far made

18 bushels per acre. Preparation for

seeding another crop is

ward than usual. The amount of live

stock on hand is considerably below

the average. Wheat is selling on the

market for 750 per bushel; corn 800;

potatoes $1; butter 250; butter-fat

230; eggs 140.



Smith 00., Aug. 15.——-Wheat is yield-

ing from 20 to 30 bushels per acre

and the quality is good. All hay crops

were heavy. Corn is damaged about

50 to 60 per cent by the dry weather,

although recent heavy local rains have

helped some. Oats were good. It is

very dry generally without hot winds.

Wheat is worth 720; corn 75c; eggs

160; butter'16c; butter-fat 20@23c;

hens 9c; springs 121/50; turkeys 100;

ducks and geese 60.



Nebraska.



Hitchcock 00., Aug. 18.-—-We have

been favored with local showers, but

generally there has not been enough

rainfall this month for growing crops.

Corn, mile and feterita are good and

promise a good yield. Preparation for

fall seeding are in progress. A large

acreage will be seeded. Part of the

threshing is done. The yield is fair

and quality good. The prices on farm

produce are advancing slightly.





, Knox 00., Aug. 15.—Corn has been

hurt by dry weather. Potatoes are

large but not many in the hill. Clo-

verseed and onions are about the av-

erage. Wheat is yielding about 15

bushels per acre; oats 20 to 25 bush-

els; wild hay about one-half ton. Hogs

and cattle are plentiful and in good

condition; no cholera. Not a very big

crop of either early or late apples.

Apples are selling at $1 per bushel;

hogs $8.25; wheat 850; oats 33c; corn

650 per bushel.



Darke' 00., Aug. 3.-—_Wheat was a

medium crop, from 10 to 30 bushels

per acre; fair crop of oats; hay was

short and corn will be short if we do

not have plenty of rain. It was too

dry for many potatoes; cloverseed

‘will be a short crop; fruit will be

scarce.‘ ~Whea’t 73c; oats 33c: eggs





17c; butter 26c; new potatoes $1.50.





more back- F





 





Indigestion—I have a Holstein cow

that has been giving 50 lbs. of milk

daily,~ but ten days ago she nearly

went dry; I changed pasture and feed,

which seemed to help her. Have no-

ticed some slime in separator lately.

She came fresh last winter, and will

freshen again in December. Her ud-

der is not free from small bunches;

she had some bag trouble last year, at

which time I let her go dry. She has

a fleshy udder. A. E. E., Lansing,

Mich—Give her 2 drs. potassium io-

dide at a dose in feed twice a day.

Hand-rub her udder gently twiCe a

day and apply iodine ointment to

bunches daily.



Rheumatism -—— Chronic Founder. ——

My eight-year-old mare moves stiff

and sore in forequarters; she is very

fleshy and when driven fast pants

some. She is quite fleshy, perspires





freely, is easily tired on warm days, ,





and is itchy. My neighbor tells me

she has been foundered. R. H., Shep-

herd, Mich.——Your mare suffers from

either rheumatism or chronic founder

and will be benefited by reducing her

in flesh, shoeing her with rolling mo-

tion shoes, in front; also giving her a

tablepsoonful of tincture arnica and

a dessertspoonful of powdered nitrate

potash at a dose in feed two or three

times a day. Why don’t you stand

her in wet clay for two or three hours

a day; this will benefit fore feet and

somewhat relieve her soreness.



Looseness of Bowels.—Your advice,

given in the Michigan Farmer each

week has proved very helpful, but I

have been unable to find anything to

help me out of my last trouble. I

have a gray mare about nine years

old that has been troubled with loose

bowels for some time, and I would

like to have you prescribe a remedy

for her. She is growing thin, is fed

ground barley and good hay, but she

scoured when fed ground oats and

hay. H. C. H., Mt. Clemens, Mich.—

Her grinder teeth may perhaps need

floating. Give her 1%,; oz. ginger, 1 dr.

of powdered sulphate iron and 1 dr.

powdered catechu at a dose in feed

three times a day. Try and find out

what causes her to scour, then remove

the cause. A change of feed, quan-

tity of water given at a time during

working hours has a. whole lot to do

with the regulation of the bowels.



Obstructed Teat.—I have a five-year-

old cow that freshened last December

which has a small bunch in one teat

that obstructs milk flow. A stringy

sort of substance; also some blood

comes with ‘milk part of time. First

milk drawn is clear, but last milked

has streaks of blood mixed in it. Pas-

ture being rather short I feed some

silage. C. W. C., Jeddo, Mich—Give

her 1A; oz. hypo-sulphite of soda at a

dose in, feed or water three times a

day. Apply iodine ointment to the

bunches in udder three times a week.



VVorms—Indigestion.—I have a fe-

male collie that is 13 months old,

which has not thrived for the past two

months. I feed her potatoes and milk.

E., Millerton, Mich—For every

pound she weighs give her one grain

of powdered kamala at a dose on an

empty stomach three times a week

until she gains flesh and is in a

thrifty condition.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





Dairymen in northern Illinois plan

to test the legality of Governor Dunn’s

proclamation prohibiting entry into

Illinois of untested breeding or dairy

cattle. A test case in the Kane coun-

ty court is to be made shortly. A

load of untested cows was shipped to

Kane county from Tripoli, Iowa, and

the consignee was refused delivery by

the railroad company, acting under di-

rection of the state veterinary depart-

ment. Dairy interests in Kane county

at once secured a writ of replevin and

now intend to fight the case in the

courts in an effort to determine

whether Governor Dunn can legally

restrain interstate traflic in animals

which have not undergone the tuber-

culin test.



Daniel 0. Lively, director general of

the live stock department of the Pan-

ama-Pacific Exposition, says that

many of the leading pure bred herds

of the United States and Canada will

be exhibited in San Francisco next

year. He declared in Chicago the oth.

er day that the European war would

not have any afiect in reducing the

number of exhibits in any department.

Mr. Lively said American breeders of

live stock fully realize the advantages

of increasing interest in pure-breds on

the Pacific slope, and many of them

anticipate a broadening trade with

live stock men in the coast states as

a result of coming in close touch with

them at the San Francisco exposition.





Last trades for sheep and lambs

from native territroy were 15@25c

lower while rangers showed a 10@15c

decline. Packers admit a shortage of

range stock is in sight for the later

weeks this season and are making a

strong endeavor to prevent a bulge in

the market. which many believe will





 





.-_‘





 





 





 





19-175





be her befor long. Wyoming lambs

sold up to $8.25@8.30, the highest ever

for stock from that state. Idahos top-

ped at $8.40@8.50. Natives sold main-

ly at $8@8.25. Prime wethers made

$6 and good ewes $5.50@5.75. Year-

lings cashed at $6@6.50 for bulk and

prime at $6.75. Breeding ewes had a

good call at $5.50@5.75 for aged lots

and yearlings sold at $5.90@6.25.

Feeding lambs brought $7.15@7.40 on

broad demand.





Although attempts have been made

by the belligerent powers of Europe to

borrow money in this country, the at-

titude of the government and the

bankers is that such loans would only

assist in lengthening the struggle and,

therefore, they would not negotiate for

any foreign business along this line

until after the war.





 





   





’fi- _,.



ONE BUSHEL CRATES

FOLDING and STATIONARY.



Slats close enou h so that they can be used for



cucumbers as we] as potatoes. .

UNTIL SEPTEMBER 15th we are making the



following special price:



50 St tioner or 45 Foldin Crates and



One STEELyTRAY WHE LBARROW $9000



Order today and have them when you need them.





LANSING (30.. Lansing. Mich.





PUMP GRIND SAW 3:35.52:





Wood Mills are Beet. Engines are Simple





Feed Grinders, Sew

Fumes. Steel Tlnb

CATALOGUII 'REI

AGINTI WANTED

Perkins Wind Mill & '

Engine Co. Est.1860 1...... '





35 MAIN sr.





Miehaweh. ind.





CREAMERY PACKAGE OUTFIT FOR SALE.

chimp—4 large creamery churns, almost new; 1

Pasteurizer. 2 ideal testers and other fixtures used in

cream cry. Will sell at a veryflow price if taken at once.

H. L. .KANTOR. 312 N. Main 812., Mt. Pleasant. Mich.





CGLLIE mother $25; her male pups .10: her

' females 82; sg‘ayed 82. Information

requires stamp. G. HUNTE . Kent City. Mich.





 





 

 





 

   

 





 





 





 





"VI“. Let us handle your

POULTRY. poultry, fruits, farm pro-

BIIDIH‘IRS, ducts. Our 25 years in

FRUITS, the same store assures

POTATOES, your satisfactory results.

0NIONS. Oil‘s. W. lillilil & 80".

ETC. Detroit, Michigan.





 





Ship your Hay to Pittsburgh and to

Daniel McCaflruy Sons Company

Pittsburgh. Pa.

Rot—any bank or Mercantile Agency.





' Wholesale Commission House.

GIIESS,FUIIOI&c0-n Detroit. Want your apples.

potatoes. poultry and rabbits. Quick returns.



remium above





FARMERS—We are paying good



the Oflioin Detroit arket for news

laid e gs shipped direct to us by express. Write us

for in ormatlon. It will ’IY you. American Butter

& Cheese Co. 31-33 Griswold St... Detroit. Inch.





trims iiiil mm urns

run SALE on EXilHiiiiiE





WANTED to hear of good farm or unimproved land

for sale. Send descri tion and prices,

Northwestern Business Agency. inneapolis, Minn.





DELAWARE FARMS





Fruit. live stock, alfalfa. Best land near best markets.

Address. State Board of Agriculture. Dover. Delaware.





FOR SALE FARM and Fruit Lands. also large



tracts for stock grnzmg and



ranch purposes. Clay loam soil. lime rook subsoil.

near market and railroad. Address



TEAD B. PRESTON, Trustee. Onawny. Michigan.





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS





Near Saginaw nndBny City. in Gladwin and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Ens terms: Oleertltle. Write

for maps and particulars. TAFFELD BROTHERS,

15 Merrill Building, Saginaw. (W. 8.). Michigan.





FOR SALE—Good stock farm. 200 acres, 30 miles

from Detroit, food buildings, yonn



orchard sixteen acres. Price $1 .000. would take smal



place as part payment. J .L.Blackwood,,So.Lyon.Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





—3}£ miles County seat 21.000. 20 to



IIIIIIIIIVGII Farms fare to Detroit. half million pezfiiile.

bu. potstos and '76 bu. corn per acre. 130 to $79 per

core. E. F. WINEMILLER. Pontiac. Michigan.





Southern Farm Bargain

450 acres near Natchez. Misfit. 300 acres in cultivation.

Rich. sandy loam. Will grow anything. Two cm s

a year. Mild winters. del htful climate. Price on 1

$1550 pet-"acre. easy terms. out let this get away. It'sa

pick up . W.D.Kilpntriek.112 ClairlnonntAve.,Detroit,liieh.

of a. maximum crop



i one





READIHIS .. -. .





acre of und contains as much nitrogen as would

be nddedrgo the soil bi“ application of 7 tons of

barnyard manure. f the soil contains acid A

maximum crop of driver can be grown.



Our Pulvorlxod Limo “one will remove acidity

from the soil. 98 % carbonates. Write us for prices

delivered at the nearest railroad station.





GUS. F. SMITH. 00.. Inc.. Detrolt, Mloh.





The De artme t f

Soils of Rd. A. 1i]. r:-

porte that the roots





 





Mention the Michigan ‘ Farmer

when writing to advertiser-o.
‘ , Elem a: the solo Fair





176—20





Detroit, Sept-710 Sept. 18 .





   





/ V0“ _ J





7\ \ '

'W’”///\, ‘ “‘7’ .z is; ”"1 ',‘

iii/[1,,” 1/, v-rIAJLAMs





   

 





 





/‘



'I/ :5. foot 'l'hot 'l’ollo.

under {0&3 I . on“? hold sunk

Released-





:' arr-ur‘llfiohecouoo 31am. .3

odiomdlrootmm





 





A oALvamz -

SPRING STEEL FEISE POSTS





ooot looo than wood pesto and hatter-ever. Reduce

stool Insurance. Fire and htning proof.

Guaranteed. Easily set without concrete or special

tools. Fit all fencing requirements. BurningNteneo

lines will be compulsory in a few years. Do it 0W,

with our heavy end. gate. lino and



erto Baton Fair Wool:



And Got Low Introductory Price

goutall information before tho M. ou'll save money.

point. $3:$”&"Mo¥sam' i Bafirl w§¢ Propoo son:

“II. um um CI. 2“. Ind-Isiah, II“. ”All.“





 





   





 





 





BUGGIES. ROAD WAGONS

and Spring Wagons.





Direct from our factory to your farm—only one profit

above the actual cost of manufacturing is all you need to

pay. We can save you money no matter where you live

or what you want in the way of vehicles. Write us for our

free catalogue—a postal will do. Dept. M.



KAUIIZOO “IMAGE ls HARNESS 60.. Kalamazoo. Ilcll.





YOIIR MONEY "iii“ 5%





if invested with this Society. 'Interest paid

semi-annually. Let us have your name and

address and we will tell you of the advan-

tages offered by this Society which has been

doing business for over twenty years.





The Industrial Savings Society.





 





 





 





 





219 Hammond Bids" Detroit. Mich.

I. ROY WATERBURY. Pros. AUSTIN N. KiMMlS. Secy.





Eidea RANGER





 





 





   

 

 

 





bicycle and know . u have the

. best. Buy amac me youpan

prove before accepting.

-, DELIVERED FREE On

, approval and 30 dayr’

A. trial. ’00 IXPFNIB

2: , to you 1f,_ after trial you

_ do not Wish to keep it.

Low sacroav coa'r.

marvelousimprovements

and values my” before equalled in our 1915 offers.

, WRIT! for our big catalog showing our completejiue of

I915 bicycles. TIRES an‘d sundries and learn the wonderful

may»: and terms we will give you. You cannot aiiord to

buy until you knew what we can do for you.





.MEAD OYCLE 00. Dept. F-71,BlilllA00





 





 





BOOK ON





I

Dog Diseases

AND HOW TO FEED

Mailed Free to any address by the author





fl. CLAY GLOVER. V. S.

I 18 West 3 l at Street New York





 





 





 





 





lhile and Brown Fsml: for 8an 5:33?“ fifilaevii‘hi’éii





and all small animals out of holes. Burt Ewell, Wellington, 0.





 





POULTRY.





PIIE CHEST WHITE OBPINGIOHS iifii‘gu‘il‘é‘cfifli





cookerels. few {earlin hens. Oat a start, now.

TheWillisHoug Pine restFarm. oyaiOak. Mich.





PLYMOUTH Roch oookerels 6 to 11 lbs.. according to

age hens 5 to Slbs.. 15 eggs 81: Mammoth ”Bronze

Torn Turkeys 8 to 35 lbs. acoordin to age. Price 88

to 825. 10 eggs 83. A. E. ORAMTO . Vassar. Mich.





8. l. WillillOIIE undressed? ”cliff:





Satisfaction guaranteed. RE. Oowdrey. Ithaca. Mich.





LILLIB PARHSTBAD POULTRY





B. P. Roch. B. I. Rods. and B. 0. W. Leghorn m



for sale. ID for {:1 tor .50: so for .60.

OOLO 0. 1.11.1. . Ooooorsville. Mich.



ILVER White and Golden Wyondottea. Ens from



Whites £1.50 per 15, 82.50 per 80. Silvers t Goldens at catalog



prices. Browning's Wyandotte Farm. Portland. Michigan.



—All in winners and breeding stock.



Ian“. "06*: at ha frprioe. WonZJprizes lestwinter,



W. O. OOFF‘MAN. 3.110. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich,





 





 





 





 





 





DOGS.





FOX, COON AND RABBIT HOUNDS





Broke to gun and field. Price right Fox and

hound pups 35 each. Stamp for reply.

I! c. LY'I‘LE. Frederickaburt. hio.





ilound: faliza‘lu‘ksmm Sluiland Pon Iism

dead 20 stamp. W. E. LECXY. Holmesvll 9. Ohio.





Fox and Wolf Hounds





ol its lml English sinin In imsrics





40 years experience in breeding

these fine hounds for my own

sport. Save your pics sheep and

Poultry Send stamp for catalog





’ 'r. n. nunsrnrn,

Sibley. Jackson County. Mo.





 





 





 





 





 





I





. i





THE MICHLoAN ,F‘A‘RMER





T this season of the year many

A of the hens are shedding their

feathers, preparatory to putting

on a new coat for cold weather.

hen which is not considerably advanc-

ed in the process of moulting by the

early part of September is more de-

sirable as material for fricassee than

is an egg producer during the winter.

Early moulting is essential, in fact, it

is of prime importance with winter

layers. No hen can be expected to

lay to any extent until she has put on

the full coat of feathers. For this

reason, we find that eggs are usually

scarcer and higher in price with the

coming of fall than even during the

hot and trying months of summer.

Save Early Mouters for Breeding.

The entire moulting process re-

quires about three months to com-

plete. It should not be prolonged be-

yond October, or mid-November at

the latest. Hens which have had the

best of care and possess the right in-

herent qualities may have about com-

pleted the work in September. One

will do well to pick out those that

moult early and save them for breed-

ers next year. It is not at all certain

however, that this quality is an in-

herited one. The hen may have been

delayed in her moulting, which has

lowered her vitality. But, however

this may be, it is certain that she is

not a desirable , breeder.



Proper Feeding Important.



The moulting process may be ma-

terially hastened by proper feed. Bird

feathers are composed largely of ni-

trogenous material and mineral mat-

ter. Thus, it is obvious that food in

which these elements predominate,

should be fed. Corn and wheat fur-

nish more carbon, (an element which

tends to fat), than nitrogen. It is ev-

ident, then, that green feed should be

given in generous quantities. A broad

range, where fresh green grass is

abundant, is desirable. If the range

also supplies bugs, grasshoppers and

other insects plentifully it will help

the hens wonderfully in getting their

new coats. If the birds appear in

poor condition and the feather-shed-

ding is delayed, feed them a small

quantity of linseed or cottonseed meal

and plenty of beef scrap, or better,

fresh meat and green cut bone, if

available. This feed will help to build

up bodily vigor and at the same time

furnish material for starting the new

feathers. Birds which are poor and

skinny will be late in commencing

the moulting process.



Some hens seem to shed their feath-

ers all at once, others do it gradually,

at any rate, sheltered quarters should

be provided. There are cold nights

and stormy days which are trying to

to the almost naked bird. In fact, she

may need a warmer place at this time

than during the coldest weather, when

she is well provided by nature to re-

sist the cold. Colds are often devel-

oped during such periods and roup

sometimes results.



Moulting Period a Critical Time.



Hens may continue to lay during

the feather-shedding period, or even

part of the time while the new feath-

ers are growing, were they in good

condition in the beginning, and are

kept so.



There is always sure to be a cer-

tain period when laying is discon-

tinued. Usually this is at least a.

month or six weeks in duration, even

if the birds have the best of care.

With poor care and neglect it may be

twice that length, and with the late

moulters it may last until spring.

Thus it can readily be seen that the





 





moulting period is a critical time with





"gilllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlIlllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIlllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllIllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll l.“





éP‘ 1t d B

ou ry an 663.

aHUIIlllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllllllIlllllIlllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllIllI|llllIllIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll W





The Moultiling PcriOd.





Any -





lllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllfllllllTF





l





.1





 





the fowls, and much depends upon the

care‘ftaker.





5N. H. CHAS. H. CHESLEY.





 





POULTRY HOUSES.





 





Why are poultry houses necessary?

The wild jungle fowls could very well

get along without protection from the

elements and natural enemies. They

were adapted to the climates, and sur-

roundings, and in every way fit to

survive without artificial protection.

The jungle fowls, were what our wild

birds are today, and were living and

breeding in a like manner.



Our different classes and breeds,

however, have only a slight resemb-

lance to the jungle fowl; they have

been domesticated and moved from

their natural haunts into various cli.

mates and locations. The fact that

they have been domesticated is the

reason that, in order to have them do

their best, artificial shelter in the





form of poultry houses are necessary.“





Three important factors are neces-

sary to consider in constructing a,

poultry house. They are comfort to

the fowls, comfort to the attendant,

and cost of construction and up-keep.



The comfort of the fowls is realized

in a house provided with an abund-

ance of fresh air without drafts, plen-

ty of sunshine, 3. dry interior and

sufficient room.



Essentials of a Good Poultry House.



The comfort of the attendant is re-

alized in a house built high enough so

all the necessary work can be done

inside, without stooping or bumping

his head; large enough to make it

feasible to use some of the various

labor-saving devices, in the care of the

flock; warm enough in the winter to

comfortably do the necessary work,

and cool enough in summer so as not

to be obliged to sweat blood in the

proper care of the flock.





The cost of construction and up-

keep in a poultry house is realized by

a well planned, plain, inexpensive, and

yet solidly constructed building. Be-

ware of the fancy constructed build-

ings. They are, as a. rule, too expen-

sive, do not provide the necessary fac-

tors of a good poultry house, and re-

quire much expense and labor to keep

them up to the original appearance.

There are today entirely too many

fancy and improperly constructed

poultry houses. It is much better pol-

icy to have a $100 pounltry house

with a $500 flock inside, than a $500

house protecting a $100 flock.



Some Primitive Poultry Shelters.



One of the oldest and most primi-





tive types of poultry shelters or coops ‘





was an A-shaped affair, made out of

slats. These coops were generally lo-

cated where they were protected by

the farm buildings, or under a tree.



Still another primitive style, but a.

much more undesirable form of con-

struction for a poultry shelter, was a

corner fenced in by wire netting in

the darkest corner of the farm barn.

On some farms, although very scarce,

this kind of a poultry shelter is still

used. One of the greatest reasons

why it is not any more in as general

use, is not because it was found an

unsatisfactory way of housing poultry-

but because the fowls were found to

be‘a nuisance in the barn, and the

lice and mites raised hob with the

cows and horses.



Warm Poultry Houses.



Practical experience and repeated

experiments have proven that very

warm poultry houses are not desh'ae

ble. Artificially warmed poultry hous-

es, for mature stock, either for heavy

egg production for market or for for-





'cided success.





. AUG. 29, 1914.





tile eggs for hatching has been acom-

plete failure.



Artificially warmed poultry houses

have a tendency to undermine the

constitutional vigor of a flock. It is

much better to have a. house a. trifle

cold than too warm. The proper tem-

perature for a poultry house is one

that allows the fowls and attendant to

feel comfortable. Fowls accustomed

to a low temperature can comfortably

bear a much lower temperature, than

fowls not accustomed to it.



Location for the Poultry House.



The best location is the south side

of a gravelly knoll, which affords ex-

cellent water and air drainage. Here

the water and air drainage will be

good and at the same time the poul-

try house will be protected some from

the severe north winds. In a house

located where the surface water col-

lects, the floor is sure to be damp.

All successful poultrymen know that

a damp floor is one of the worst con-

ditions to have in a chicken house.

For this reason, when selecting a site

for a poultry house, choose a location

a. little higher than the surrounding

ground.



A good poultry house should be as

simple in construction as possible.

Absolutely no fancy work of any de-

scription. A good many put in fancy

door frames and unnecessary window

casings. These are absolutely worth-

less except for appearance, and ap-

pearances will certainly never make

hens lay.





New York. F. W. KAZMEIER.





 





COM PORTABLE BEE QUARTERS

PROFITABLE.





 





Fred Smith, a Barry county farmer.

has made a discovery which will in-

terest bee-keepers.



One winter several swarms of bees

on Smith’s farm died from cold and

as a result he decided to ward off any

like misfortune in the future. Mr.

Smith is an up-to-date farmer and be-

lieves in keeping everything in ship-

shape order about his place. He has

found that it is profitable to house his

stock in comfortable quarters and fig-

ured that if animals appreciate such

treatment, insects would also appre-

ciate it.



So he took his four or five hives,

and fixed them up with a. large audi-

torium in the top, cool, sanitary sleep-

ing quarters below, and left several

large pieces of bee-comb inside. Then

he went away and awaited results.



Bees began to come from all direc-

tions, and as fast as a swarm broke

loose, it would start for Smith’s emp-

ty hives. In a very short time, every

hive was full and it is said that the

swarms that arrived too late to find a.

home, hung around on the branches

of nearby trees waiting for new quar-

ters until they literally starved to

death. A. D. S. ,





 





TUSCOLA COUNTY POULTRYMEN

ORGANIZE.





 





A new county poultry organization

under the name of the Tuscola County

Poultry Association, was completed

recently. The organization started out

with 30 charter members, and many

applications for membership have

since been received from various

parts of the country. ,



It is said that Tuscola county has

sufficient poultry enthusiasts to form

one of the largest organizations in the

state, so the future of‘ this society

looks very promising.



Ofllcers elected are: C. A. Stewart,

president; Louis Flink, vice-president;





Walter Ayre, secretary, and , . .

Kramer, treasurer. The board of di-

rectors consists of F. W. Bowles, F.





W. Gould, D. S. Arnold, N. B. Staples,

Chas. Sieland, John L. Myers and A.

C. Wilson. While all these ofilcers

are residents of Caro, the association

is desirous of becominga general coun-

ty club, ofl‘icered by men from all sec-

tions of the county. ' .



The first show or exhibit was—held

at Caro ”Fair, August ,24 to 28. Suit-

able coops were provided for exhibit-

ors and those unable to be present

personally sent their birds to the as-

sociation, who placed .them on exhibit

and cared for them‘and returned them

after the show.





The fshow was \a de—
w”; '5





 





 





 





 





Air-e. 29.1914.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





21—177





 





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Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





NOTES ON RURAL SCHOOL PRO-

GRESS.





 





An inventory, taken at the close of

several years as .Lecturer of State

Grange, discloses the fact that by far

the largest number of paper clippings

saved, number of books and pamph-

lets collected and number of inter-

views held, during this term, have re-

lated to rural schools. Moreover, in

any canvass among farm people for

topics which they would like to have

discussed, this same subject has eas-

ily been a leading one.



The gist of the general demand re‘

garding our common schools is that

it shall fit the child for common liv-

ing. In Michigan signs are plenty that

this demand is being met faster than

many of us realize. More than half

the country schools of our state now

employ teachers specially trained for

rural schools. Agriculture is a re-

quired study, while hand-training and

domestic science are creeping in

through supplemental work and warm

lunches in some schools. Hundreds of

country boys are enlisted in corn-

growing contests, and only a lesser

number of girls show their skill in

household exhibits at farmers’ insti-

tutes and agricultural fairs. The idea

of using the schoolhouse as a social

center is germinating. Mothers’ clubs

exist in some districts and 150 women

serve on school boards, some oflthem

in the country. Annual county con-

ferences of school officers with repre.

sentatives from the State Office of

Public Instruction, are having a very

humanizing effect on rural school con-

ditions. Finally, it is safe to say that

no question appears oftener upon farm

organization programs than that of the

betterment of the one—room country

school.



It is interesting to see how this con-

cern in rural school welfare is work—

ing itself out. The concrete incidents

of this process, here given, are taken

from my notebooks of the past four

years.



At a Pomona Grange, a teacher said

that when she began teaching in a.

certain» district, a hole four feet deep

was near the front step of the build-

ing. With the children’s help she

gradually filled the unsightly and dan-

gerous place with stones, sticks and

rakings from the yard. Some of the

parents who observed the attempt to

improve appearances of the place, as-

sisted in transplanting trees and

shrubs to the grounds.



’A short time ago a young woman

called upon me, who was teacher of

the rural school used for observation

purposes by the rural department of

Kalamazoo Normal College. It was

her school that “Uncle Henry Wal-

lace,” of Iowa, visited and declared he

found her doing the best agricultural

teaching he had known anything

about. This country school teacher

said she is taking special work at the

University; did this mean she was

looking for a “higher position?” “Oh,

no;” she said, as if guessing my fear,

“I am going back to the rural school;

I feel it is too important to leave.”

Then I told her of another highly suc-

cessful teacher of an observation

school at a normal in another state

who, having severed her connection

with that particularly favored district,

had turned to a most “God-forsaken”

rural school rather than go into the

city. She, too, had a vision of possi-

bilities of the school in the open

country and could not refuse its call.

Besides these two choice women,

there is Mabel Carney; of Illinois,

whom I met at an association of coun-

try teachersin theinown state, an as-





sociatioii’wm't‘n mass Gurney Fifi—53‘?





 





 





'this winter





 





ed and still mothers. I recall how her

former pupils, at this meeting, rose

and told of efforts to secure the co-

operation of their. school patrons. One

young man brought a remarkable rec-

ord of 50 visitors at his district school

the first year he taught there, 500 the

second, and 1,000 persons the third

year, secured in attendance as visit-

ors or 'at some school function. In

addition he'was able to report im-

provements, beauty and convenience

in school property and progress of pu-

pils which warranted all his efforts to

arouse co-operation among the people

he served.



In this connection I recall a talk

with an assistant in one of our own

state normals, who told me with en-

thusiasm how he planned to get his

men students to organize a ball team

and challenge any district team in the

county. “Perhaps we shall be beaten,

and I do not care if we are,” he said.

“But,” I urged, “you can’t expect a

bunch of fellows to go into a team

with those prospects?” “Oh, yes,”

he replied, “they will do it; for our

real aim is to create neighborhood

spirit where the local team lives.”

Clearly, then, the young teacher’s ulti-

mate aim was not to make winning

teams out of his normal boys, but to

train community workers. This con-

versation reminded me of one which

had occurred at our table a short time

previous. A young man was explain-

ing why a Y. M. C. A. group had fail-

ed in the village where he had taught.

“The trouble was they did not get

hold of the ring-leader among the

boys for the head of their group; I

saw that well enough,” he said. When

asked why he did not see that this

boy was secured for leader, he an-

swered, in a careless way, “Oh, my

business there was to teach school; I

had nothing to do with the boys out-

side.” Not so another young teacher

across the state; he made friends with

his boys outside school hours, helped

them work out money-making projects

through poultry raising, stock feeding,

corn growing and fruit spraying on

their fathers’ farms or garden plots,

and these undertakings he co-related

with their studies in such fashion as

to prolong their attendance upon high

school.



This sort of work is going on, quiet-

ly, in an increasing number of Mich-

igan schools, where teachers have

combined the training and vision that

enable them to make Vital and attrac-

tive the connection between pupil and

home. When boys and girls are reach-

ed in this way the whole family is

likely to catch also the wider, happier

outlook upon country life. If you

doubt it, go to any boys’ corn contest

and watch and listen

to the trend of the conversation





around the edges of the crowds.

JENNIE BUELL.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





A Grange Orchestra that was organ-

ized a few months ago by Mancelona

Grange, is holding frequent practice

meetings and is becoming quite pr0<

ficient in the musical line. There are

17 members and the instruments they

play are as follows: Leader and first

violin, F. E. Hoppins; first violin, Geo.

Webb, Bert Goodale, Mrs. H.

Moore, Mrs. P. A. Doyle; second vio-

lin, Hiram Mathews, Carl Doyle; cor-

net, Bert Skinner; mandolin, Lulu

Sandall, Lewis Mathews; guitars, Mrs.

Goodale, Bertie Blair; trombones,

Glenn Blair, Clarence Forbes; piano,

Mrs. F. E. Hoppins; cello, Mrs. Niles;

Traps, Mrs. Woodruff.



A Splendid Program was very much

enJ'OYed at the last meeting of Emma

Grange, which was held at the home

of Mr. and Mrs. Roy Fisher. C. D.

Spafford, of Charlotte, gave an inter-

esting talk on the mortgage tax. law

and enlightened his hearers to a great

degree on the subject. Then followed

a general discussion of the question,

“Is the farmer justified in taking a

vacation?” George Bugbee gave a

recitation. Mrs. Effie, Bishop had

charge of the surprise number and

furnished plenty of merriment. The

number included a spelling match, vo-,

cal music, sheet music and a~mock

wedding. The program closed with

two vviolin 30103 by Stanley Johnson,

accompanied by. .Ethel AuXten ..~ -, .





.4





 





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OFFICERS OF TH E STATE ASSO-

CIATION OF FARM ERS’ CLU BS.





 





President—Jae. N. McBride, Burton.



Vice-president—J. F. Rieman, Flint.



Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. C. P.

Johnson, Metamora,.



Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. J. S.

Brown, Howell.



Directors—Wm. T. Hill, Carson City;

Jerry Spaulding, Belding; R. J. Robb,

Mason; Joseph Harmon, Battle Creek;

C. B. Scully, Almont; C. T. Hamline,

Alma.



Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





CLUB INTEREST IN MEMORY DAY.





 





The Memory Day propaganda which

was inaugurated and has been untir—

ingly fostered by a veteran in Farm-

ers’ Club work is one which should

appeal strongly to every local Farm-

ers’ Club in the state. Practically ev-

ery local Club in the state will hold a

meeting between now and Memory

Day, September 30.



In nearly every community in which

a Farmers’ Club exists, there is a.

great opportunity for improvement in

the condition of the rural cemetery,

and likewise a similar opportunity for

a healthy development of public senti-

ment to that end. Both of these de-

sirable ends could easily be accom-

plished through the medium of the

Farmers’ Club, if it were made a mat

ter of Club interest, as it easily could

be if some interested Club member

would but take the initiative in the

matter.



May we not hope that some mem-

ber of every local Farmers’ Club in

the state will take the initiative in

this matter and bring up the subject

of Club observance of Memory Day at

the September meeting? It will be

effort expended in a worthy cause and

the result can not be otherwise than

gratifying, and a liberal recompense

for the effort expended.





THE OPPORTUNITIES WE MISS.





 





Synopsis of a paper read before the

Ingham County Farmers Club by Mrs.

Sylvester Daivs, as reported by the

corresponding secretary.



Opportunities are of two kinds, the





opportunity to prepare and develop

our abilties, and the opportunity to

respond with our ability, and when we

find a chance of service and respond

with our ability, we grasp the oppor-

tunity offered. We miss our opportu-

nities’by being timid, by feeling un-

equal to the task and by selfishly re<

fusing to do what we can. She com-

pared opportunity to a passenger

train going noisily by in plain sight,

some are going in the wrong direction,

others wait until the train goes by,

and others are on the lookout. Op-

portunity does not knock once and.

then leave, but is always waiting near

by, and if you miss one chance be

ready for the next one, and let us im-

prove every opportunity of making

our Farmers’ Club an incentive to all

that is helpful in farm life and to the

beauty of our homes and surround-

ings. Let every voter use his oppor-

tunity to make just laws for the town-

ship, state and nation and elect men

that money cannot buy, and let all aid

the kindly, helpful spirit in every

neighborhood and improve every op-

portunity to help others and make the

most of life.





CLUB DISCUSSIONS.





 





Hold Annual Picnic,—The Wise

Farmers’ Club held their fifteenth an-

nual picnic in John Presley’s grove on

the banks of Tobboco River, August

12. The day was fine and a large

crowd was in attendance. We had a

fine lot of speakers on the program.

Much credit should be given the

speakers and those who. sang. Mr. J.

E._Vatman, of Clare, gave the address

of, welcome.~ Mr. Farewell gave the





P





‘Club for coming to her home.





response, which was full of good

thoughts. Hon. D. A. Alward, of Clare.

spoke on the subject, “The making of

a law.” He handled the subject well.

Mr. W. H. Kennedy followed with

“Advantages of the M. A. C.” Mr.

Kennedy gave us a brilliant talk. He

knows just what he is talking about

as he has spent two winters at the

College. Everyone was interested from

start to finish. Mr. Gilbert, a candi-

date for Congress from the tenth dis-

trict gave us a short talk. Everyone

seemed to enjoy themselves at an

ideal place for a day’s outing.—-Arthur

Badgley, Sec.



Meet at a Pioneer Home.—The Aug-

ust meeting of the lngham County

Farmers’ Club was one of unusual in-

terest and seldom, if ever, do we have

a place of meeting of more interest

than \Valnut Grove, the home of Mrs.

Lucy Jennings. Mrs. Jennings owns

forty acres of the original land pur-

chased from the government in 1837

by her father, George Webb, a famil-

iar personage upon the Columbia road

and always known as “Uncle George.”

The first hut was erected with three

maple trees as corner posts and the

present house, built upon the same

spot, was erected only a few years

later. Mrs. Jennings has the distinc-

tion of being the first white girl born

in Aurelius and has always lived there

and I very much doubt if the same

can be said of any other member of

the Farmers’ Clubwthat of living up

on the same farm where born, unless

it be Harvey Wilson, of Delhi, and if

there are any others let them speak.

After the more than bountiful din-

ner, President Ives called the meeting

to order at the east side of the house,

where there was plenty of shade. Fol-

lowing opening exercises, Mrs. Sylves~

ter Davis gave a fine paper, “The Op«

portunities we Miss.”





Opportunities for the Young Man.—

Alfred Allen ably discussed the ques-

tion, “Which offers greater opportuni-

ties for a young man, agriculture, a

trade or a profession?” In part, he

said, the choosing of a career is deter-

mined by one of three things, apti—

tude and general fitness, prospective

remuneration, and necessity. As a

general thing, the question of remu-

neration is back of it all. If one has

no liking for agriculture or farm life,

he had best do something else, for one

will not make a success at farming if

he follows it solely as a money mak-

ing proposition. If, however, ayoung

man has a leaning towards agricul-

ture it is pertinent to ask what are

his chances of making a good living

and securing a competence as com-

pared with a trade or a profession.

Most of the so-called professions are

overcrowded, and there is an overflow

of lawyers; few attain eminence and

acquire wealth, the many only exist,

yet the law schools continue to gradu-

ate them by the thousands. The

same is true to a less degree of the

medical profession. Why, then, do so

many leave the farm to take up these

callings? The prospect of obtaining

an easier living is alluring and then

the social opportunities of farm life

are too meagre, yet increasing popula-

tion, as a whole, increasing demand

for food products, makes it certain the

farmer will attain fair. prices for his

products. Each year marks the pass-

ing of some farm drudgery. Hit and

miss methods no longer pay, agricul~

ture has become a science and with

the telephone, the automobile and rur-

al free delivery, the isolation of farm

life disappears and the farmer can en-

Joy nearly all the advantages of city

life. There is no place in which to

bring up children as good as the farm

and it is no chance that the majority

of our men and women were born up‘

on the farm. Skyscrapers, dirt, noise,

and confusion are not conducive to

the highest development of child life.

Flat and tenement life are not Con.

ducive to home making either. Whether

Vlewed from the standpoint of remu-

neration, social opportunity, opportu-

nity for the highest development of

life, or any other angle, I believe there

1s no trade, profession or occupation

that can compare with agriculture.





In Memoriam.—Mr. T. H. Lyon was

present and gave a few thoughts along

the rural community and rural church

church, and Mr. Taylor said life in

the city is unnatural, no one among

the laboring classes does more than

earn a living and one is fortunate if

they own their own home, and one of

the most lonesome places in the world

15.1!) the city where no one knows his

neighbor. President Ives called atten-

tion to the primaries and Mrs. Jen-

nings thanked the members of the

Since

our last meeting in June we have been

called upon to part with members

whose homes were always open for us.

Mrs. Russell will meet no more with

us and Mr. Chapin, at whose home

the next meeting was to have been

held, has also gone to the Great Be-

yond. The next meeting will be held

with Mr. and Mrs. Sylvester Davis, on

September 12.—Mrs. J. E. Tanswell,

Cor. Sec. __
178—22 ' T H E MIC H, I'G A N ‘F A RM E‘ R" ‘ ' AUG. 29.1914.





.1, /?/d’fi1«





This liberal trial offer is made for all who are not now subscribers to The Michigan

Farmer. We believe that on account of the great European war every farmer should

endeavor to raise the greatest amount of crops possible as the demand will be great and

therefore high prices will be paid for all farm crops. The Michigan Farmer is bound to be

a help to every farmer who reads it both in attaining the highest efficiency in production

and also in keeping informed on market conditions. As your paper will start when your

order reaches us and run to May 1, 1915, the sooner you send the order the more you

get for your money. ‘





Premium Offers to Present Subscribers for Clubs





Our present subscribers are urged to tell their friends, who are not subScribers, about

this trial offer and if they will take orders and send them to us we will pay them well for

their trouble with the premiums as described below. Boys and girls are especially urged

to get up clubs and secure one of the'watches offered. Any one can send clubs and secure

as many of the premiums as they secure clubs for. . We gladly furnish free sample copies.

Address all orders and communications to ‘ ‘





THE MICHIGAN F ARMER, Detroit, Michigan.

_GIRL’S WATCH.





We have given awayseveral thousand boys’

watches free, but until now we were never able

to get the small size watch which would

please a girl and keep good time, at a price

that would make it easily secured by a girl. At

last we have been able to make arrangements

with a manufacturer of high grade watches to

furnish us with an attractive six size watch,

with jeweled lever mavement, quick train, a

, white enamel dial, with second-hand. Pull out

_.‘ 1,. stem set. Nickle case, beautifully engraved,

_ as per illustrgtiofn. This watch is the smallest

, genuine wa c 0 its value to be secured and -. « 4‘ A ’ ‘



F has all the improvements to be found in C" ~ \ , “*1 ,1 335.9%)

watches of a higher grade. Besides being at- scnéwvmvm ”[155 ‘ -__...





tractive and fully guaranteed, it is a thorough'





 





 





BOYS WATCH.





Every boy, young or old, would be proud to carry

one of these watches. It is 16 size, with a” nickel

case. Stem set and wind. Regular watch movement

with hair spring. Guaranteed by the makers and

repaired free of charge for one year, if given ordi-

nary care. Any boy who really wants a watch can

easily earn one in one afternoon.



Given free for sending 5 subscribers to May 1,

1915, at 25 cents each.





 





 





 





 





   

 

 

 





s\\\ \\§\.“~\





s§\\§\\





 





ly satisfactory time-piece. ."4

Given free for sending 8 subscribers to May an





 

 





 

 

 





 





 





 





 

 





   





   

 

 





     

 





   





1. 1915, at 25 cents each. .\ /

'\\\\‘v* \V \\ ‘ >0

h ‘* , .. \wx\\\\

‘RE—THREADING \s..'\\\\\~\ \~\‘\‘

2- t ‘ r

u . ' ‘ ~-

r (Emmi;

MYers' “Awl for All ” L} A\ “~P'PE.1W“._E§EQI

LOCK STITCH SEWING AWL, with straight and curved needles. ‘. .

Makes a lock stitch with one thread .and one operation. For har- Farmers Ideal Combination Wrench

ness, sacks, canvas or any heavy sewmg. Regular price of this awl . .

is $1.00. ' Six Handy Farm tools in one. A pipe wrench, nut wrench, a screw





- ' hree subscribers to Ma 1, 1915, at 25c driver and three dies for cleaning up and rethreading rusted and



eagllYen free for sending t y battered threads. _ Dies fit all standard bolts used on standard farm



machinery. Requires no adjustment, never slips. Will work in clos-



er quarters than any other wrench. Every farmer should carry one



of these handy little wrenches on a binder, reaper, mower, etc. They

are light, strong, compact and easily carried in the hip pocket.



Gliven free for sending three subscribers to May 1, 1915, at 250



eac .





 





Ideal Sewing Companion

A Handsome little velvet lined, gold lettered, embossed leatherette





A Genuine German RIZOT j leasle Withpatent button fastener containing two bvery much needed



0', such as is renerally used as a premium», It s itte requisnes for the woman’s sewmg or_ work asket. A Thread



mg}? flicgggf) 3&1: black handle, hollow ground 5A;—in. concave Pick for the picking or removmg of basting threads and a Ripping

blade' honed and Stropped ready for use. Guaranteed to give sat- Knife for ripping. seams of_garments They have heavily nickle pla‘,

isfacti’on fg' chased rind hlgbllly filiuriitiséifidffihaéidles.l The Iltilpping; Knife has

- ' ' bsc ibers to Ma 1, 1915, at 25c ree interc angea e nes e e .stee razor-i e bades. This

eagéven free for sending three su r y little Set DeLuxe is new, novel, practical; fills a long felt want in its

’ ' field and will surely appeal in a very strong degree to every woman





 





 





to whose notice it is brought. List price $1.00.

Grilven free for sending three subscribers to May 1, 1915, at 250

eac . ,





 





3 MS

*ai'i‘w

4 viii In”

1N0 HHW





 





 





gm

E:

5-D

Em

-2

”if





“Presto” the “All-in-One” Razor Strop





This strap is made from the finest horsehide leather, tanned .by

special processes, then chemically treated with_"all-in-one” solution.

This preparation is so thoroughly incorporated in the leather than it

is guaranteed not to peel, wear, scrape or wash off. Any man can

strop a razor with as keen an edge as can the most .expert barber.

A few strokes on the sharpening side, followed by a like number on





 





Farmers Extra Qualliy Pocket Knife





I the finishing side does the trick. The lot we have purchased are Made by the famous Valley Forge Cutlery Co. Two blades made

“Extra Strong” and it requires but little stropping to bring a dull of best razor steel. Ebony handle. Brass lined and well finished

blade to a hair-splitting edge. throughout. Guaranteed to give satisfaction.



Given free for sending three subscribers to May 1, 1915, at 250 Gfiven free for sending three subscribers to May 1, 1915, at 250

each. ' eac .





 





; N . Non-subscribers who receive a copy of this issue will find enclosed an addressed envelope which they can use for order.

;' 0te. Subscribers receiving an extra copy will oblige us by handing it to some friend who is not a subscriber- -
gillllllllllllllllllllllllllI|lllllllllll||llllllllllllll|lllllllIlllllll|ll|||llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





E Veterinary.





alllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|Illlll|lllllllllllIllllllllllllIllIlllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





Advice through this department is

free to our subscribers. Each com-

munication should state history and

symptoms of the case in full; also

name and address of writer. Initials

only will be published. Many quer-

ies are answered that apply to the

same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably

find the desired information in a re-

ply that has been made to someone

else. When reply by mail is request-

ed. it becomes private practice, and a

fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.





 





llllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





 





Saws Have Rheumatism—I saw an

inquiry in the Michigan Farmer from

E. C., Elwell, Mich., a short time ago

regarding hogs that have rheumatism,

or a sort of paralysis affecting their

hind parts. Now I have three sows

which have been affected in the same

way as he described his. In my case

I mixed together equal parts turpen-

tine, lard, spirits ammonia and cam-

phor. This I applied to back and

have cured all three sows. If applied

early one application will effect a

cure. I report my experience thinking

it might be of some benefit to other

hog raisers. F. E. T., Howell, Mich.—

This paper always appreciates hearing

from their readers, and I thank you

for writing us.-—Ed.



Vaginal Discharge—I have a cow

that came fresh ten days ago; clean-

ed all right, but she has some dis-

charge from vagina. She shows no

symptoms of sickness other than what

I mentioned. J. J. McM., Irons, Mich.

Give her 1 dr. fluid extract belladon-

na, 1 dr. powdered sulphate iron and

a teaspoonful of powdered nitrate of

potash at a dose in feed two or three

times a day.



Cribhing—Indigestion—Colic.—Have

a mare that has been a cribber for a

number of years. Have had no man-

ger before her, preventing her crib-

bing while in barn, and have used all

the means possible to keep her from

it at all times. For a couple of years

she has had occasional attacks of. col-

ic. Last spring she had a sick spell

and our Vet. said her circulation was

poor. She appeared to be weak and

staggered when she walked, but got

over it in a few minutes. She has

shown nothing of it since until this

week and has been in a condition ren-

dering her unfit for work. F. E. D.,

Milford, Mich.—Cribbing and long con-

tinued wind sucking usually termi-

nates in chronic gastritis and with

your mare she has occasional attacks

of vertigo as well as colicy pains.

Mix together one part of ground nux

vomica, four parts ground gential, two

parts ginger and three parts bicar-

bonate soda and give her a table-

spoonful at a dose in feed three times

a. day. Give her 60 grains of bromide

potash at a dose twice a day. It is

needless for me to say that'she should

be fed a good quality of food and ex-

ercised daily.



Drooping Ears—Paralysis.—I am en-

closing a photo oficolt 14 months old

that has, as you will see, drooping

ears. They are a little thicker than a

healthy ear and he has good use of





lower part, but the upper portion of.





ear persists in hanging down. Have

consulted three Vets. here; they can

give me no help. J. W. S., Cassopolis,

Mich—Gentle hand-rubbing might

stimulate the skin and muscles in the

region of ears and assist in holding

them up; or if you will place a pad

between the ears, pulling the points

of ears up to this pad, fastening the

ear with either pitch or glue or pine

tar to hold them up until they become

strengthened, is all you can do for





1m.



Garget—Paralysis.—I have a cow

that freshened one year ago this

spring for the first time. She calved

at the age of two years, her bag was

badly caked and gave gargety milk

more or less, at times all last sum-

mer. I milked her all Winter and she

showed no signs of garget. She did

not freshen this spring, but gave a

good mess of clean milk. About a

week ago she began again in left hind

teat and bag is now swollen and oak.

ed; have applied hot lard and turpen-

tine with plenty of massaging, with—

out good effect. I also have a nice

litter of May Digs, all are doing well

except one which is fat, but has little

use of hind legs. I have been feeding

separator milk with ground oats and

corn. L. K. H., Hemlock, Mich—-

Give her 1 oz. doses of powdered ni-

trate of potash daily. Dissolve 14 lb.

of acetate of lead in a gallon of water

and apply this lotion several times a

day. If her bowels are costive, give





her 1 lb. of sulphate of magnesia in

three pints of water_as‘ a drench—one

dose daily. Discontinue feeding your

pigs corn and hand-rub hind quarters

three times a day for 15 or 20 minutes





streamers» . -





«xv: m. r” ;-"..‘a. .,





- iiKWEBYm





.





THE sMSI'CHI-GAN FARMER





lfll-Rag. Holstein cows-101





To be Sold in 5 hours (1 every 3 minutes.)





Friday, Oct. 23,al l 2 m.





--- AT THE ——-—





7 Sale Pavilion, Howell. Mich.





Oonslgnsll by the llowoll Sales company si Livingston to.





Daughters of 30- b. Bulls bred to 80-lb. Bulls. LEO.

cows and ughters of R. O. cows bred to Ill-lb.

sires. These cattle have been seleted from the

herds of 24 prominent breeders of Livingston county

and are a fair re resentation of their stock. The

object of this sale :9 to give the breeders of the state

an opportunity to buy representative Livington

County Holsteins at a public auction and every e ort

is bein made to resent the finest lot of young cows

ever 0 cred at a owell sale. Sold without reserve

at your own price. Catalogs Oct 1.



‘ A. RALPH EASTMAN Sec.

00L. D. L. PERRY Auc. s. ’1‘. woon. Ped. Expert.





ONE HUNDRED HEAD 0* a... 0......



Steers and Heifers



ready fori'to sell at once. Fivecars of two-year-old

steers will be ready for to sell Oct. 15. 1914.



J. B. GARDNER. Cadillac. Michigan. L. B. 437.



WANTE —Youn purebred Percheron Stallions



and ares for cash. Write. Box A. P.



care MICHIGAN FARMER. Detroit. Michigan.





Registered Percherons.

BROO MAKES. FILLIES AND YOUNG

STALLIONS at grioes that will surprise you.

L. C. HUNT & 0.. Eaton Rapids. Michigan.





FOR SALE—Be istered weanlin Stallion

Co to from our best ercheron



Mares. Write. R. S. HUDSON. Michigan. Agri-



cultural College. E. Lansing. Michigan.





 





 





WHITE ORPINGTONS. April Cookerels 81, in

lots of 3. Grade up. our flook.'§Pullets and other

stock cheap. MARY honrson. neural-.1. Mich.





BREEDERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





Bull calves and yearlings ready for service. Sired

b Louis of Viewpont II. Closely related tobve

Gyrand Champions—Brother. Sister. Sire. Sire s

Brother and Grandsire. (International Grand Cham‘ -

ion for three years in succession. Prices 875 up. Wi I

meet prospective purchasers either at Somerset.

Addison or Addison Junction. .



You are bound to get good calves from these bulls

even with strongly dairy type grade cows.



GEO. B. SMITH 6 CO..



ADDISON AND SOMERSET. MICHIGAN.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD FOUNDED IN 1900.

Strains regresented consist of Trojan Ericas. Black-

birds and rid". only. Black uality Ito. a hull of

rare individuality and merit. ends the herd.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.





 





 





 





 





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE.





BEACH FARM

GUERN S EYS





 





 





We have for sale imported and

home bred Bull Calves, guaranteed





free from tuberculosis. They are

fine and have had the best of care.

Send for sale list, or what is better

for both parties, come and see them.





CAMPBELL &. AllnEVIllE. Coldwalar. Mich.





—Famous May Rose Strain. A select herd.





ENNIS”: Tub. Tested. Several A. R. 0. we.

p.11. Blatchford. Windermere Farm.Watervliet.Mich,





I e have for sale a number of pure Guernsey cows.





heifers and bulls. also Berkshire hogs.

VILLAGE FARM. Grass Lake. Michigan.

2 six months old





HEREFORD BUL iwmontbsold.





ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw, Michigan.





 





Holstein-Fnesian Breeder‘}.f;,,e “"21”,, £2.33;

represented. D. D. AITKEN. Flint. Michigan.





HOLSTEINS & BERKSHIRES'SK‘ESE‘ELE





priced reasonable. B. B. BEAVEY, Akron. Mich.





TIIE TIIREE REST ROLSTEIN CATTLE





Poland China Hogs and S. C. White Leghorns.

OREST SIDE STOCK FARM

M. H. Chamberlain Jr. Prop.. Romeo. Mich.





Very Choice Holstein Bulls





At Farmers Prices.

Long Beach Farms. Augusta. Kalamazoo 00., Mich.





 





 





 





 





I have on band 100 high grade

lolSIeln cows Heifers, age 6 mo. to 2% yrs.. lots

of uality and in good condition. Also a fine selection

of ull Matured cows. Arthur Blrhhols, New BuffaloJilch.





‘ ' ' 7 o .wel

Registered Holstein Heifer Baggage“;

dark markings. nice dairy form. .150. delivered,

more for your money than others give you.



HOBART W. FAY. Mason. Michigan.





OL aTEIN FHIESIAN CATTLE. Bulls for sale.

the kind that will satisfy or money refunded.

JONES a LUTZ. Oak Grove. Michigan.





 





 





' I” ll brother to the triplets (see Mich.

"MIMI" call—Egrmer March 10. 914 secs.) cousin to

PontindDe Nljlander. Martin leLaulln. Redford, iiiels.





F0" :‘lE—At reasonable prices Re red Holstien

Friesian Youn Sires o world's record

breeding. HATCH HER . Michigan.





In: In and '3." llolslein cam. swam





specialty. Largo acquaintance among the breeders.

Bank references. Freeman J. Fishbeck. Howell.Mich.





DIGELOW’S IIOLSTEIN FARMS





Breedoville Michigan.

Breeder of’high class '





Registered Holsteins.





rsss id. hi in record. i

$1M BUYS 33st mgflil ol‘d nominal? Edi?

n-lh. wire. Kin Bemrveld De Kol blood.





Ypsilanti.





 





 





 





 





Segis and

. Rein”. 35‘3“ 8. Vassar. ”ugh--





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Extra large fine young bull. ’5 white. born Oct. 4. 1913.

la! record .of 29.40 lbs. butter in 7 days.



. a Site's dam is a 22.64 lb. Lyn-old



dau liter of a 30.5 lb. cow.



Mo HERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Michigan.





REGISTERED HOLSTEINS—Herd headed by Albina

Bonte Butter Boy No. 93124. whose dam has semi-

oificial yearly record. Butter802 lbs. Milk 186221bs. as a

2-yr.-old. No stock for sale. W. B. Bender. Howell. llsh.





A Grandson of





KING OF THE PONTIAGS





ROSE HALL PONTIAC MAHOMET.

three years old. four-ii fths white.a fine individual.

bred right, is right and the price is right. He

is by one of the best individual and best pro-

ducing sons of King of the Pontiacs. and out of

Nettie Mahomet Lyons De Kol. butter 23.7!) lbs-

from 531 lbs. of milk at 12 years old.



I am also ofiering Your Circles of Ten Cows

from my entire herd. This is a chance to get the

right kind of a bull and just such cows as

you should have.





L. E. CO NNELL, Fayette, Ohio.





ESPANORE FARM,

LANSING, MICH.





Regisler’d Holsteins





Bull Calves $50 io,$200.

An absolute guarantee with each purchase.

CHASE s. OSBOBN. l Owners M. HATCH.

ADAM E. FERGUSON. ' Supt





 





Purebred Registered

HOLSTEIN CATT L B





The Greatest Dairy Breed

Sand for FREE Illustrated Booklets

flolstoin-l‘ricsian. Asso..Box I64. BratileboroNt.

JERSEYS—Bull calves nearly ready for service.

Hired by Jacoba's Fairy Emanon 107111.



SMITH & PARKER. Howell. Michigan.





 





 





MAPLE Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd—Tu-

berculin tested by 1.7.8. Government. Bull calves

from cows in R. of test. Heifer calves whose dams.

grand-dams. and goat grand-dams are in the Register

of Merit. IR IN UK. Allegan. Michigan.





ERS EYS—EEA5LCIEO BULL READY SOR

groolrwater Farm. B. F.RD.IN0: 7.AAsil)iii):illi-lb(>c:lM:ch_

NOW IN SERVICE—13...? ‘é‘tgfif pfiiiiié’oi‘li‘ifiiiff





GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Michigan.





The Jersey





The sire is of vital importance.

Buy a thoroughbred jerse



bull and grade up. Wor



towards the 400-pounds-

of—butter cow. It costs no

more to produce 400 lbs. of

butter With a good cow than

200 lbs. with a poor one.

Let us send you some Jersey facts.





AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB

324 W. 23d St" New York





 





 





 





.h: .





Q

Llllle Farmstead Jerseys

(Tuberculin tested. Guaranteed free from Tuber-

culosis.) Several good bulls and bull calves out of

good dairy cows for sale. No females for sale at

present. Satisfaction wrantem.

001.0 C. my. . Coopemille. Mich.





HILL CREST JERSEYS





See them at the fairs. Grand Rapids and Detroit.

Wednesday. Sept. 9. is Jersey day at Detroit.

8. B. WATTLES. Troy. Michigan.

JERSEYS —For list of stock for

sale and Jersefi facts

1'





write A. P. EDISON. Sec. M. J. O. 0.. 326 W. idge.

Grand Rapids. Mich. If a breeder and a member

of M. J. O. 0. send list of stock for sale to the above.





JE 7.

BUTTER BRED Eghysffijé‘l‘s





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





Ilslry lrsd Shorlhorns, i For: Females For Sale.

J. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan.

F OR SALE”iosi‘Zf§“248‘£i’£i’l§S“olT'l“





H. B. PETERS. Burton R. Ii. Sta. Elsie. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





 





S500buye two cows three and four rs..

Shudhoms one yearliniheifer and two calvesysix

month. A. A. PATTUL O. Deckerville.Michlgan.





 





Shorthorns-Bulls and females. all ages. ’l‘ell just

what you want. Also P. C. ogs. Oxford Sheep.

0. W. (‘rum, Sec. Cent. Mich. Shorthorn Ass'n. . McBrides. Mich.





 





 





SHEEP.





 





 





l'l' PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED SHEEP

OF PARSONS Elifé‘fisp'lfin

I sell and ship every-

where and pay ex-

, press charges. will

one man in each

_ twp. Write for club

‘ offer and descriptive

price list. Oxfords.

o i 5. Km

our e s an Polled

Delaines.

R 1





 





 





 





 





 





' -—Yearlin and ram lambs from Chain ion

[flushr‘ flock of Thumb of Mich. Also select ekr-





shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.





Oxforddown Yearlings and Rain Lambs





M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.





’ POLAND CHINA

Reg. Rambouillet Sheep, Ho‘s, Percheron

Horses. bred from Reg. stock. both sexes. Write me

your wants. John Q. A. Cook. B.F.D. 9. Morrice.Mich.





 





23—179





H005.





' ' —-A few extra Sept. Boers and bunch

DOIDOSOVIGIOIIIS of Gilts for let of April furrow.

M. T. STORY, Lowell. Mich.. Citizens Phone 55.





llllllllllll BllEll BERKSHIRE ”TilE’geildrlfi'é‘i‘éii

istered stock at farmers’. prices. Correspondence

solicited. D. l". Valentine. Supt.. Temperance. Mich.





o I c March, April and May pigs; the big,

I I I firowthy k nd that always makes good,

LEMUEL NIC OLS. R.F.D. No. 2. Lawrence. Mich.





' —Reg. Bred Guts—Orders taken for

“IBM" "DI“: spring pigs and Collie ups Holstein

Bulls at Bargains. FAY B. PARHAM.





Oflsslsr Willis Brimf &' 6illsgg‘éii’zgie,‘£.°§rl3.‘l‘ii;‘i§§

. I. .

ip33.'vilf’p'i‘::£°ll.2..?‘ii. oigoin'51izini’3’i‘i2“.ffii.





o I C —Choice spring boars from A No. 1

O I I Stock. edigreos furnished.

N. H. WEBER. Royal Oak. Michigan.





0 I c —Bred sows and spring pigs. large and growthy.

- - - Pairs and tries. not akin. Write your wants.

GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zea-land. Mich.





 





 





 





ronson, Mich.





 





 





 





 





0 I C —§ilts bred for June and July furrow. Also

I 0 - pring ggs. Serviceable boars all sold.

. . ANDREWS. Dansville. Mich.





 





I pay express.

I All sold. Would be leased to book

OI '- c 5 your order for s r‘mg igs.

C. J‘. THOMPSON. Rockfor . Mlcglgan.





I -—Largc boned, shipped on ap royal.

0. J1. C S pairs not akin. registers free.





. W. HOWELL. Elsie. Michigan.





 





hcicely Bred Chester Whites. Spring pigs either sex pedi-

gree furnished. Sent (i. O. I). subject to examination. for

prices and breeding. Address. John (lintling. Bronson. Mich.





 





 





 





O I C, —Spring pigs. pairs and trios. not

0 c 3 skin. from state fair winners.

AVONDALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.

0 I c Choice pigs two to four mos., the

o I I long bodied kind. Serviceaiile boars.



ALVIN V. HATT. Grass Lake. Mfr ’gan.

9 —Growthy spring boars. Satis-



0. I. C S faction Guaranteed.

A. R. GRAHAM. FLINT. MICHIGAN.

"Pl t



O. I. C. SPRING PIGS miififii‘i ‘2‘ {ii ‘63:?





pigs. H. W. MANN. Dansville. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





o I c sw'n —Also Holstein Bull calf sired by a 26-“).

- . - I 0 son of Ypsiland Sir Korndyke DeKoI.

Clover Leaf Stock Farm. R. No. 1. Monroe. Mich.





—May I have the pleas-

O. I. Ce SWine ure of receiving your

order for a pair or trio, not akin. of April





and May farrow. They are bred right. Satisfaction

guaranteed. A. J. GORDEN. H. No. 2. Don. Mich.





O I C, —I have a fine lot of last OCT.

. . S- GILTS. bred. Weight 300 to 350.

Also last spring BOARS. Half mile west of Depot.

Nashville. Michigan. OTTO B. SCHULZE.





DUROC JERSEY BOARS





Spring Pigs and Yearlings





From Prize-Winning Stock





Special Prices for 30 Days.

Write. or better still. come.





Brookwaler Farm, Ann Arbor, Mlclr..ll.F.ll 7.





UROC JERSEYS—Fall gilts of the large, heavy

boned type. bred for Aug. and Sept. furrow. Also

spring pigs. not akin. F. J. Drodt. 11.1. Monroe. Mich.





DUROCS—A good growthy fall pig immuned

and bred for August farrow will

make you money. ive me your order now for

May shipment. Also fall boars ready for service.

KOPE KON FARM. Kinderhook. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





 





Fancy bred Duroc Jerseys—Boar's & Gilts of spring 1!

summer farrow. (30rd individuals at reasonable

prices. John McNicoll. Station A. B4. Bay City, Mich.





Kllllll-EL 8100K Flllll fié’ii‘égii :2??? 12.22.3315“

prices. E. R. CORNELL. Howell. Michigan.



DUROC JERSEYS, Bred Gills For Sale.

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.

DUROC JERSEYS”?.EL.‘§.?§.EL‘” .3222.” “if. 8”





STAHLMAN.Cherry Lawn Farn1.R.‘2.S ephcrd.Mich:





 





 





 





 





AMPSHIRE Swine—Breeding stock of all ages

from most popular strains. Write for breeding.

Inspection invited. Floyd Myers. B. 9. Decatur. Ind,





POLAND CIIINAS'ESJT. Effiteermwimii Hm“





I .

Prices right. w. J. naemsnaw. Augusta, fig





 





 





BUTLER’S Big Boned Prolific Poland Chinss. Grow

big, kee easy. mature early. ready for market at

6months. by? Because we've bred them that way

for more than 20 years. 50big honed. long bodied. high

class boars at farmers' 'rices. Buy one and make more

money on your hogs. ou can't get any better at any

price. P.C. History Free. J.C. Butler. Portland.Mich.





l‘naE ‘I’YPE P c ~Largest in Mich. Fall pigs all

. ' f sold, order a spring pig sired

by the largest boar in the U. 8.. weight 900 lbs.. 24

months old. Come and sec. Expenses

represented. W. E. LIVINGSTON,





DIG TYPE POLAND CHINAS‘E‘E’. ”2‘5.”





new homes. They are corker's and inimuned.

WM. WAFFLE. Coldwati-r. Michigan.





 





aid if not as

arma. Mich.





 





 





' of the big type. March nd A ll

POIRDd China: fan-ow. The kind that :Iesse‘dlur

customers. A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Mich.





 





ARGE styled Poland China 8 rin Pi , I

sows bred for fall farrow. l)Alsg Sliggrt‘hgfi:





Bull calves. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson. Michigan.





Fun SALE—A choice bunch of March and April boar

pigs. a few herd headers. Prices reasonable.

Satisfaction guaranteed. R. W. Mills. Saline. Mich.





Bred sows. bred gilts d

MUIO Fact pigs. not related. for 3:13.. Sbftai:

faction guaranteed. G. C. KREGLOW. Ada. Ohio

YORKSHIRE Swine—March & Apr. pigs ready to ship.





Pairs not akin. Collage Princess and Cooks Bacon

foundation stock. Geo. S. cMullen.Grand Ledge.Mich.





‘ —Gllts bred lore rl S t. f -

For Sak.lorkshlm mi... .1... post. if): a. .2:

Vice. WATEBMAN A: WATERMAN. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





YORKSHIRES—gdatuge imrfio‘iid sows. 1w”?

for prices. os'rnsND'ii’s 5155‘s. Momfilmci. °





 





HE MAPLES SHROPS—We ofi'er 20 extra yearling

rams. a 2-yr-old stock ram bred by Campbell. also

ewes. E. E. Leland t Son. R. B. 9. Ann Arbor. Mich.





FOR SALE—Reg. Shropshire Rams and Ram Lambs.

also Ewe lambs. Extra well cove





 





 





Ewes an

“unrest. :1". A. EBAY» combos—1cm. “ML.





Lillie Farmstead Yorkshire:





Open gilts and gilts bred for September far-row.

Sprn pigs either sex.'palrs and trioe not akin.

Satis action guarantee ..





 





COLON c. LILLIB‘. Coopersvlllc. Michigan.





\
‘MILKING ‘»

COWS 8‘2





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 





REEL PICTURES E Michigan





sriffiimé 5““ Fa”





Detroit, Sept. 7 - 18





 





 

 





5H





 

 





THE BESTCROP OF'

ALL BABIES.





 





 

 





Premiums and Purses

valued at $150,000





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Michigan’s Fair—the Oldest in the

United States—will be the Most Mag-

nificent Display that any State Ever

Attempted.





 





 





BABIES’ HEALTH CONTEST.





An earnest and intelligent effort to

supplement the noble work of the Na-

tional Children’s Bureau. Michigan to

teach mothers how best to care for

its citizens of tomorrow.





$11,000,000 STOCK SHOW.





Horses, cattle, sheep and swine in

which run the blue blood of aristoc-

racy will be on exhibition. The Spec—

tacular features of the Eastern Show

Rings will be presented at the Even-

ing Horse Show.





AN AUTO EVERY 10 MINUTES.





During certain portions of the day

the Ford Motor Co. will manufacture

a complete automobile every ten min-

utes. A production of 25 cars will be

maintained each day of the Fair.





WARSHIPS OF THE AIR.





Giant air birds such as dealt destruc—

tion in the great conflicts in Europe

will make daily flights and will carry

passengers over the city of Detroit

and the Fair Grounds.





HORSE AND AUTO RACES.





A harness racing program for each

day of the two weeks and ten stake

races with purses from $5,000 down

are carded. Noted auto drivers will





 





- ,TEACHING MOTHERS





o "TNLY PERSIAN FUR

LSHEEP IN AMERICA





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. contest for valuable prizes and the

THE BUILDING U. S. Grant trophy.

,OF AN AUTO FLOCK OF PERSIAN FUR





 





SHEEP.





These valuable animals, the o y

ones of their kind in America, sho _

for the first time. Persia, apprised M

the desire to found the industry here,

has stopped their exportation. Their

skins are immensely valuable.





WORLD’S NOTED BANDS.





The famous Kilties, just returned

from a tour around the world, and the

Ford Motor Company’s band of 45

pieces will furnish music in the grand-

stand and on the grounds each after~

noon and evening.





MIDWAY AND CIRCUS ACTS.





.



.



-



- The best shows that ever lined the

Pike. In addition, thrilling circus acts

. will be presented as free attractions

in front of the grandstand twice every

. day.

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PAIN is FIREWORKS. MIDWAY

Stupendous display of fireworks will

be given every evening. The capture

of Vera Cruz by the United States

Marines will be one of the pieces fea-





tured.





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THE DETROIT MILK SHOW.





 





MINUTES The state scoring contest of butter





i - and cheese, prominent speakers for

DOES THE JOB Labor Day, the Boys’ State Fair

School and balloon ascensions are

among the many other attractions.





Write to 501 Bowles Building, De-

troit for premium lists and other in-

formation.





vou ARE INVITED





'l'l-IE MICHIGAN STATE

FAIR IS YOUR SHOW





 





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