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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.


VOL. CXLIII. No. 17.

Whole Number 3806.


l


.DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, OCT. 24, 1914.


50 CENTS A YEAR.

52 FOR 5 YEARS.


Intensive Versus Extensive Farming.


HAT the English have done well

T in stock breeding might be judg-

ed from the fact that most of

our improved breeds of domestic ani-

mals have originated with them; the

Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus,

Galloway, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey,

Red Polled, and Devon cattle, for in-

stance, all sprang into existence

through the elforts of the English or

Scotch breeders.


This seems surprising when we» re-

member that the land area of Michi-

gan is greater than that of England

by nearly 7000 square miles. That so

much improvement of live stock has

taken place in England shows that

the methods of agriculture there are

extremely intensive. A man who op-

erates eighty acres is perhaps as un-

usual in England, we are told, as one

who operates four

hundred and eighty in

this state. Under Eng-

lish conditions, every

foot e f ground is made

to respond to the ut-

most care, and farms

which have been crop-

ped for a thousand

years or more are

still maintaining the

reputation which they

have always enjoyed.


One wonders how

an Englishman would

behave in Michigan if

he had a chance to

take up all the land

he wanted. Will he


{fall from grace as an

expert maintainer of soil fertility, and

,“butcher the land,” as some of the

-: western ranchers have done, or will

the resist the temptation to secure

1much land, and follow after the in-

, tensive methods of his fathers, or will

he try and spread himself over a

goodly acreage with a small labor

’supply and still maintain soil fertility?


The answer will depend on one’s in-

dividuality and preference. We have

in mind, however, an example of the

latter procedure, in which an English-

man has gone into stock raising on a

480-ar re farm with a labor supply per-

haps one-ﬁfth as great as he would


expect to ﬁnd on a similar acreage in

the old country. The farm is located

in the hardwood slashings of Manistee

county; the soil is a sandy loam; of

the 480 acres, about 180 are under cul-

tivation, and the balance used for pas-

ture. The owner, Mr. Ed. Williams,

has lived on the place for the past 40

years, and the best crop he has raised

is his family of nine children, the old-

est of whom are taking over the man-

agement of parts of the farm.


Raising feeder steers is Mr. Wil-

liams’ principal line of pursuit. That

solves the soil fertility problem, the

land clearing problem, the labor prob-

lem. The soil fertility problem, be-

cause all the roughage raised on the

farm is fed out and returned as ma-

nure, loses its perplexity; the labor

problem, because the cattle are pas-


turing most of the farm, loses its per-

plexity;

itself.


meanwhile the. land clears


To prove the latter statement, Mr.

Williams took me out into his 35-acre

cow pasture, where he has had nine

cows all summer, and where pasturing

has been the rule for the past ﬁve

years. Taking hold of a stump, Mr.


,Williams toppled it over with one


hand; it had rotted completely. “I

ﬁnd this method a lot cheaper than

dynamite, and my land is all the time

getting more fertile than would be the

case were the stumps uprooted and

burned,” he explained.


To be sure, nine cows could not pas-

ture down 35 acres of wild land with-

out help. Five years ago this ﬁeld

was broken up, and a crop of pota-

toes taken off, followed by by oats,

and a seeding of grass; then came the

pasture spoken of above. It did not

take long for June grass to crowd out

the cultivated grasses, however. “Did

you know,” asked Mr. Williams, pluck-

ing a bunch of the luxuriant green

fodder at his feet, “that June grass

and Kentucky bluegrass are one and

the same? I can’t understand why so

many call June grass a weed, when

it is the best all round pasture grass

in this country. I want nothing any

better.”


Asked what he fed in the winter,

Mr. Williams again spoke up for June

grass, stating that there were fre‘


steers, together with a ﬂesh covering

that would tempt many to butcher the

beeves without any preliminary addi-

tions of tallow. We took a photo-

graph of one bunch of steers that had

been bought up by a dealer at a lump

sum—$542.50 for seven of them, at an

estimated weight of 1100 pounds each.

The aim on this farm is to keep at

least sixty head of cattle, and turn

off about twenty every year. Nothing

but Shorthorns are kept, and the sires

used are among the best bred in the

neighborhood.


A few of the reasons why Mr. Wil-

liams pastures so much land are:

Plenty of running water on the place;

land cheap and tax rate low when

land unimproved; small capital re-

quired as compared to other cropping

systems; small labor requirement;

land clears itself; soil

increases in fertility;

he has farms for his

sons Where they, in

the future, can plow

as much as they wish

and carry on more in-

tensive methods. On

the whole, it seems as

if the Englishman

shows his level-head-

edness as well in

Michigan farm meth~

ods as he does at

home.


This example is but

one of many which


Seven Steers Sold by Ed. Williams, of Manistee 00., from New Land Pasture for the Neat Sum of $542.50.


quently short periods in the winter

when he could turn the cattle out to

grass, and they seemed to enjoy the

change of feed. He admitted that he

ought to have a small silo for late

summer feeding, and for supplemen-

tary feeding in the winter along with

the corn, clover hay, and fodder that

he was using, but expressed it as his

observation that cattle had come out

of his neighbor’s barn in the spring

looking worse after a course of silage

than had his own on dry feed with

June grass at favorable intervals.

Certainly Mr. Williams does put a

big framework onto his two-year-old


might be cited to

show that under pres-

ent conditions in

many sections of Michigan extensive

farming is better business than inten-

sive farming, as well as to show that

the man bred to intensive habits of

farming may readily adapt himself to

the successful practice of a very dif-

ferent method. This faculty of adap-

tation is a most important attribute

of good farm management, and the

man who can ﬁgure out the best sys-

tem of farming to follow under the

conditions which confront him has

gone a long way toward the solution

of the much discussed farm manage-

ment problem.


Benzie Co. E. H. BROWN.


Hardwood Stump Land~8udod~h Glover and Timothy, which Willi-ho,


.4


Followed-by June-Grace; whlch makes-Flue Pasture while §tumps are Rotting.


'
346—2


TH'E MICHIGAN FA‘K‘MEKR  


Laying Concrete Floors.


I am putting up a wall for a barn,


and will let it stand over winter. Can


I make the cement ﬂoor in the basement this fall and let it stand over


winter, or would the ground freeze and crack it?


Soil is clay and a four-


inch tile is laid under the wall just below where the ﬂoor will coma—Sub.


HEN one recalls the similarity

W between basement floors and


concrete sidewalk, he will

realize that perfect drainage and prop-

er construction are sufﬁcient insur-

ance against damage by frost after

the ﬂoor has thoroughly hardened. Ex-

posed ﬂoors should not be laid during

freezing weather, nor should a cement

ﬂoor be laid until after the structure

is roofed; if the ﬂoor is laid before

the building has been roofed and the

structure is allowed to remain incom-

plete during the winter, there will be

no way to prevent water collecting un-

der the ﬂoor, freezing and heaving

some of the ﬂoor slabs.


Where an accumulation of water un.

der the ﬂoor is feared, a sub-base six

inches thick may be laid, consisting

of broken stone from which the ﬁne

particles have been removed by

screening, coarse gravel, cinders or

blast furnace slag, the idea being to

secure a porous material through

which water will readily drain to a

natural outlet.


Where the ground is ﬁrm and well

drained, as it appears to be in the

present case, the sub—base may be

omitted and the concrete ﬂoor laid di-

rectly on the ground. The soil should

be thoroughly compacted by hard

ramming or rolling with a heavy roll-

er, and should be brought to a level

surface ﬁve inches below the proposed

grade of the basement ﬂoor.


Forms should be made from two-

inch lumber and should be five inches

high. Thirty-six square feet is usu-

ally adopted as the maximum area of

a single slab and six feet is the great-

est dimension permissible.


In the construction. of concrete

ﬂoors, as in all other concrete con~

struction, a standard brand of Port-

land cement should be used. Fine ag-

gregate should consist of sand, crush-

ed stone (free from dust) or gravel

screenings, well graded from ﬁne to

coarse material just passing a screen

of quarter-inch mesh. Sand should be

clean, and free from foreign matter.

Coarse aggregate should consist of

clean, well graded gravel or broken

stone, varying in size from one‘quar‘

ter-inch to one and one-quarter inches.

Bank run gravel should never be used

without screening and remixing in the

proper proportions; it usually con-

tains an excess of ﬁne material, ren-

dering proportions uncertain and in-

deﬁnite. If the gravel or sand con-

tains loam, clay or other foreign mat-

ter, it should be washed before being

used.


Materials should be mixed in pro-

portions of one sack of Portland ce-

_ ment, two cubic feet of ﬁne aggregate

and three cubic feet of coarse aggre-

gate. Thorough mixing of the mate-

rials cannot be too strongly emphasiz-

ed. If possible, a power batch mixer

should be used as machine mixing is

not only cheaper than hand mixing

but is more thorough and uniform. If

mixing must be done by hand, the

materials should be measured by use

of a bottomless box holding one cubic

foot, and when the required amount of

sand has been spread upon a water-

tight mixing platform, the cement is

then spread upon the sand. Square

pointed shovels are used to turn the

cement and sand two or more times

until the streaks of brown and gray

have merged into a uniform color

throughout the mass. Coarse aggre-

gate is then shoveled on and the mix-

ing continued, water being added dur-

ing the ﬁrst turning after adding

coarse aggregate. Water should be

added gently, preferably by spray, so

as to prevent washing out the cement.

Turning should continue until the

mass is of uniform consistency

throughout, which will usually require


at least three turnings after adding

water. Mixing in the above manner

will give satisfactory results, but the

labor involved is considerable and on

this account it is too common for

those attempting it to slight the work,

and thus produce imperfectly mixed

concrete.


Sufﬁcient water should be used to

make the concrete of a “quaky” con-

sistency. When placed and lightly

tamped water should ﬂush to the sur-

face of the concrete. Steel tampers

eight inches square are commonly

used, but a very satisfactory tamper

may be made by sawing a one-foot

length from a log eight inches in

diameter, ﬁtting it with an upright

handle and driving a few staples in

the bottom and allowing them to pro-

ject about a half inch. The staples

serve the double purpose of decreas-

ing the wear on the tamper and driv-


..ing the coarse aggregate below the


surface of the concrete, leaving the

ﬁner particles at the top ready for ﬁn«

ishing with a wood ﬂoat. A steel

trowel should not be used as it will

make the surface slippery.


In order to insure perfect joints be«

tween slabs, they should be construct~

ed alternately. In this way slabs are

allowed to remain until the cement is

partially hardened before the cross-

pieces are removed and the material

for adjoining slabs placed. Thus each

slab forms a distinct unit and un-

sightly cracks from uneven settlement

are avoided.


As soon as the concrete has hard-

ened sufﬁciently to prevent the sur-

face from being pitted it should be


covered with wet straw, damp earth or .


some similar covering and kept wet

by being sprinkled with clean water

for at least four days. The ﬂoor should

be protected from use until it has thor-

oughly hardened.


Illinois. H. H. RICE.


SEEDING UNPRODUCTIVE LAND

TO ALFALFA.


Have 40 acres from which a bean

crop has just been harvested, on the

future use of which I need advice.

Formerly I sowed such land to wheat,

but after four failures will not try

again. Would like to sow alfalfa on

this land in the spring. Land is some-

what rolling. Would it do to let it lie

as it is over winter, applying stable

manure during the winter and then

sow? Clover has failed twice on these

two 20-acre ﬁelds. Would there be

danger of too many weeds from ap-

plying the manure? I want to lime

the land heavily in the spring. Does

it need a cover crop, or should I sow

it to rye and use other stubble ﬁelds

which can be plowed in the spring


for alfalfa?

St. Joseph Co. J. S. W.


This land probably needs lime ﬁrst

of all to get clever or alfalfa started.

This will put the land in shape to

grow crops to plow down to furnish

vegetable matter. This kind of soil

in such condition that it fails to grow-

wheat, needs, worst of all, vegetable

matter—humus. But it is a slow pro-

position to grow humus crops on poor,

sour land. Hence the ﬁrst thing to

do is to lime it.


If you had our kind of land you

could not get it into such condition as

described, so easily. Your soil is a

generous one. It yields up its plant

food and humus too freely. Our heavy

land is stubborn and refuses to re-

spond to thespur of tillage so readily.

Your land has responded so readily to

this spur of tillage that it has become

temporarily exhausted. You must give

it a long rest—nature’s way—or you

must make a cash investment to get

it to yield good crops again. If you

have stable manure and lime in sufﬁ-

cient quantities the whole thing is

done. a For lime will sweeten the soil

and stable Beware W111 heels!!!- was


material and plant food. But if you

haven’t stable manure so you can ap-

ply 10 to 15 tans per acre then you

must plow down crops for humus and

buy commercial fertilizer for plant

food. I know of no other way.


If you can sow rye at once you will

get some growth to plow down next

spring. Feed the rye with phosphate

and potash, 10-2, say, 300 pounds per

acre. Plow it down next spring when

one and a half feet high. Apply 3,000

pounds of ground limestone per acre

or 1500 pounds of hydrated lime. Then

make a good seed bed and sow it to

alfalfa, using 300 to 500 pounds of

10-2 fertilizer. Inoculate the soil thor-

oughly with alfalfa bacteria.


I believe this will grow alfalfa and

this kind of treatment will put this

soil in condition to grow wheat again.


I don’t think it makes so much dif-

ference just the time of year you sow

alfalfa. More depends on the mois-

ture condition than on spring, sum-

merpr fall seeding. There is greater

risk on this moisture proposition on

midsummer or August seeding than

on early spring seeding. If you sow

the ﬁeld to rye this fall and plow

down next spring, as suggested, con-

ditions will probably not be right for

early sowing and you must wait till

June or July or August, depending on

the moisture distribution.


If you desire to seed one of your

stubble ﬁelds to alfalfa next spring,

I would plow this ﬁeld, apply lime this

fall or winter or in early spring, and

then seed to alfalfa in April or early

May, fertilizing heavily. Four hun-

dred or 500 pounds would be none too

much fertilizer to use. If you can

cover with manure this month all the

better. Don’t be afraid you will get

the land too rich for alfalfa.


The land is probably not very weedy.

If it is it ought to grow wheat or clo-

ver. But if it is weedy for the early

seeding I would use a nurse crop of

barley or oats, three peeks or one

bushel per acre. Then clip this or

cut it for hay if there is sufﬁcient

growth to pay. This will keep the

weeds back until the alfalfa gets

started. '


I sowed some this way this spring

and have a good start, only where an

excessive rain washed and buried

some of it so deep it never came up.


1. Sweeten the land; 2, ﬁll it full of

vegetable matter; 3, give it plenty of

plant food. It will respond. It is the

only way.


COLON C. LILLIE.


FARM NOTES.


Cutting a New Seeding of Clover.


Can you tell me the best way to

handle a heavy new clover seeding

after rye? The clover is alsike and

June on both of which the blossoms

are ripe. Some tell me cutting it will

kill the clover, others that leaving

such a heavy crop on the ground will

cause it to smother out. There is 23

acres of the heavy seeding so I do

not like to experiment too much.

Heretofore I have pastured lightly in

the fall and kept the clover down, but

this fall did not need the pasture.


Tuscola Co. M. I. L


Good farmers differ widely in their

opinions on the advisability of clip-

ping back a new seeding of clover af-

ter harvest or of taking off a crop of

hay where the growth is heavy. Very

many good farmers are of the opinion

that it is better to take oﬁ a heavy

growth of clover than to leave it, pro-

vided it can be cut sufﬁciently early

in the season so that a fair growth

will again occur before winter. More

often, however, the clipping is done

ostensibly to prevent the weeds which

grow up in the stubble from seeding.

Other equally successful farmers con-

tend that nature will not defeat her

purposes by permitting even a heavy

growth of clover to smother out over

winter. One very successful farmer

with whom the writer talked on this

question this summer stated that he

had always noticed that in the lower

and richer places in the ﬁeld where

the clover got the heaviest growth af-


following year.


oer. 24. 1914. ' ’


ter harvest were just the places where

he got the heaviest crop of hay the

This farmer has as

ﬁne, thick and heavy a seeding of clo-

ver on his wheat stubble as the writer

has ever seen, and did not seem to

fear at all that it would winter-kill

because of a too thick covering on

the ground. ,After the clover has

stood until this late in the season it

would, in the writer’s opinion, be

much better to leave it on_the ground

over winter rather than to cut it at


this late date and leave the ground *


bare and exposed to the winter, as

the chances are that loss from win-

ter killing would be much greater if

the growth is removed at this late

date than those of loss from smother-

ing if it is left on the ground.


The Source and Value of Humus.


Please give us the value of humus

consisting of decayed leaves and

plants. Would it pay to draw it on

wheat ground as a top-dressing? Is

it a good plan to dump wood ashes

on the manure heap?


Charlevoix Co. C. V.


The value of humus does not de-

pend upon its source. Any kind of

decaying vegetable matter is a proﬁt-

able source of humus, provided it can

be cheaply obtained. Nature’s way of

supplying humus is through dead

leaves and plants which go back on

the land. If- material of this kind can

be secured at low cost, it would un-

doubtedly be proﬁtable to apply as a

top-dressing for wheat. Farmers who

have tried the experiment of top-

dressing wheat with straw claim that

just as good results were secured as

where stable manure was used as a

top-dressing, and leaves would be an

even better material for this purpose

than straw. As a source of vegetable

matter to plow down, it is question-

able whether this material would be

as proﬁtable, since it will generally

be cheaper to grow some catch or

cover crop for this purpose than to

draw coarse vegetable matter onto

the soil to be plowed down, as the

element of labor cost is thus eliminat-

ed. It is, however, unquestionably de.

sirable to incorporate as much humus

as possible in the most of our Michi-

gan soils.


Use of Wood Ashes.


It is not a good plan to dump wood

ashes on the manure heap, as the lime

in the ashes will, through chemical

changes which occur, set free much of

the available nitrogen in the manure

which will escape into the air in the

form of ammonia gas and be lost.

Wood ashes should be applied to the

surface and worked into the soil when

ﬁtting it for a crop, for best results.

They are valuable for the potash and

lime which they contain.


Seeding Sweet Clover in Rye.


I have a ﬁeld of corn which I in~

tended to seed to clover this fall, but

on account of being down so bad

could not. How would it be to seed

to rye this fall and put sweet clover on

in the spring? Of the two kinds of

sweet clover, which is best for this

part of the state?


Hillsdale Co. W. S. C.


Where land has not been previously

seeded to sweetclover, this would not,

in the writer’s opinion, be a very cer-

tain method of getting a good stand

since the soil might not be inoculated

with the bacteria peculiar to this

plant. If the plan is to be followed, it

would probably be better to sow the

seed on the snowror at a favorable

time in the spring when the frost is

going out of the ground, for the rea-

son that a great many seeds of sweet

clover are what are termed “hard”

seeds, that is to say, they have such a

thick shell, and this shell is so imper-

vious to water, that the seeds will not

germinate except under very favor-

able conditions. This early sowing

would give opportunity for the seeds

to become well soaked up, so that a

larger proportion of them would prob-

ably. germinate than would be the

case if the seed "was not sown until

later in the spring. The white sweet

clover is the most valuable variety to


sow as a forage crop or soil iniprover.
. ...v -_.,_,.',7 .. . a


den” 24, ""1914. " " i ' '


PROFITABLE WINTER EMPLOY-

MENT.


Proﬁt does not always depend upon

immediate remuneration for labor

done. Any expenditure of labor which

either facilitates the making of larger

future proﬁts through increasing

yields or cheapens the cost of produc-

tion by reducing the labor cost of fu-

ture crops is a proﬁtable investment,

even though it may not bring in im-

mediate returns. When, in addition

to the accomplishment of both these

desirable objects, labor is so employ-

ed that it raises the intrinsic value of

the farm, it is a still better invest-

ment.


On a great many Michigan farms

are to be found numerous small piles

of stone, of which the neat pile shown

in the accompanying cut is typical.

These are generally piled without ap-

parent system, in a majority of cases

the presence of a big rock deciding

the location. Clearing the cultivated

ﬁelds of such stone piles is an invest-

ment of labor which may be placed

in the last mentioned proﬁtable class.


This is work which can be cheaply

accomplished in the late fall and win-

ter season. If the loose stone are all

piled in one place Where they will be

out of the way of farm operations and

the fast stone are blasted out, there

will be a great saving of labor in the

future cultivation of the ﬁelds, be-

sides an added revenue from increas-


ditional income from it would meet

nearly all of hislexpe'nses. There is

no doubt, many hundred acres of

land, which is thought to be worth-

less, which could be put under culti-

vation at small expense. Even if tiled

at more expense, wouldn’t it soon pay

for its drainage? With more expense

one could irrigate this rich land and

then a dry year could do no harm.


I hope that in years to come, more

of our waste land will be utilized.

Acres that are not supposed to be

Worth anything, can be made into

acres that are worth $100 each.


Barry C0. M. J. S.


HANDLING SEED CORN.


There has never before been a time

when more interest was shown in big-

ger and better crops than now. More

farmers are exercising special care

in the choice of seed, hoping thereby

not only to improve the yield but also

the crop.


From now on until all the corn is

husked the best ears of corn will be

watched for and kept separate for

next year’s seed. Those farmers, bent

on improving their crop, have already

gone through their ﬁelds and cut out

those plants which most closely ap-

proximate their ideal. From these

plants, when the ripening process is

complete, the corn will be husked and.

those ears which come closest to the

ideal will be saved for storage.


Small Piles of Stone Should be Drawn


ed production which will pay good in-

terest on the investment of labor, to

say nothing about the improved ap-

pearance of the farm.


Oakland Co. A. R. FARMER.


POSSIBILITIES OF RECLAIMED

LAND.


The fact that thousands of acres of

land are going to waste in the United

States, can be seen by visiting Gun

Marsh, a stretch of low land about

ten miles long and one and one-half

miles wide, which lies along the south

side of Gun Lake, in Barry county.


Three years ago this land was not

supposed to be worth a dollar, and

now it is nearly all under cultivation.

Onions and peppermint are the chief

crops. We all know there is money

made in the raising of peppermint and

still more in onions. The proﬁt per

acre from onions averages from $75

to $100.


Among the ﬁrst people that put the

land under cultivation were Holland-

ers. Open ditches,‘most1y, serve to

drain it. One man has 80 acres of on-

ions in this year, and is trying to care

for them alone. He goes over the

ground when the weeds ﬁrst appear,

with a garden rake, which takes them

all out. This lessens the labor of

weeding, as it used to be done by get-

ting down to each row with your

hands and a small weeder.


The people of Gun Marsh have in

the last two years averaged from 35

to 50 cents per bushel, and a small

yield per acre is 300 bushels.


If every farmer, who has a stretch

of low land. could improve it, the ad-


Together During the Winter Season.


Whether or not this seed will be

strong and unimpaired in vitality next

May will depend very largely on the

way it is handled in the drying proc-

ess and in storage.


Good care consists ﬁrst in carefully

drying the ears, and this should be

done quite rapidly. One of the best

ways is to place the ears on racks

which can be kept in a Well ventilated

building. The ears may also be stuck

on nails or spikes driven into a post

in the drying shed, or stuck on the

pegs on the patent drying racks which

are on the market. The idea in either

case being to keep the ears from

touching each other and to permit of

a free circulation of air which carries

away the moisture. When ﬁrst gath-

cred the corn may contain as much as

one-fourth its weight of water; and it

may be greatly injured in one day’s

time if allowed to freeze or to heat

while kept in baskets or sacks, there-

fore the necessity of rapid drying. If

the weather conditions are not favor-

able for drying, artiﬁcial heat may be

used, but overheating is to be avoided.


When the corn is thoroughly dry,

it should be stored in a dry room with

rather uniform temperature.


In the spring, if there is any ques-

tion about its vitality, the ears should

as tested for germinating power. Any

one of the many common methods

may be used. By discarding ears

which do not show strong germinating

power, the farmer not only avoids a

poor or uneven stand but he secures

the beneﬁt of strong, vigorous seed as

the breeding basis for another crop of

probably better seed corn.


Ingham 00. H. L. Barman.


THE MICHIGAN FARMER


~ i. T K\ ;

Pa1d$10522 for a Studebakercwagonr

38 years ago

N I876, Mr. R. F. Dewey, of Millersburg, Ind. bought’aStude-T‘

baker Farm Wagon for $I05.00. Mr. Dewey writes: I


“I have a Studebaker wagon that I purchased of E. A. Welch in,

Goshen in the spring of 1876. I paid $105.00 for it. It was a high

wheeled, narrow tired wagon when I got it but I later had it cut

down and made into a wide tread. I am still using the wagon on

my 160 acre farm, 8 1-2 miles southeast of Goshen. It has had all

sorts of hard work. At present I am using it to haul cordwood’b.


COST HIM $2.77 A YEAR


iron they outlast other so called “Standard"

farm wagons by many years. Studebaker

wheels alone are a guarantee of long life.

The slope shoulder spokes, the carefully

pinned lelloes. the inspected hubs all contri-

bute to Wearing qualities and ability to stand

up under hard Work.


You can buy cheaper wagons than Stude-

baker's. But no wagons made have the rep-

utation for lasting as long as Studebaker's.


Studebaker Buggies and Harness carry

the same high standard of excellence as


Studebaker Wagons.

South Bend, Ind.


Figure it out yourself. Divide the cost of

the wagon, $I05.00, by thirty—eight years

and you will see that Mr. Dewey has been


aying in the neighborhood of $2.77 a year

in his farm wagon—or about three quarters

of a cent a day.


Think of the money that this wagon has

earned for Mr. Dewey and the money it will

continue to earn, because every year's life

added to 38, still further cuts down the cost

of the wagon.


But that is the Way with a Studebaker

wagon. Built of air dried lumber and tested


STUDEBAKER


NEW YORK CHICAGO DALLAS KANSAS CITY DENVER

MINNEAPOLIS SALT LAKE CITY SAN FRANCISCO PORTLAND. ORE.

Adv. 2011


Studebakers last a lifetime


' WHEN BUYING


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‘ two ﬁve-year periods.


TILLAGE VS. SOD MULCH

PLE ORCHARDS.


IN AP.


‘ The New York Experiment Station

has made a test to determine whether

the apple thrives better under tillage

or in sod. The experiments were be-

gun in 1903 in an orchard of nine and

a half acres of Baldwin trees, 40 feet

apart each way, set in 1877. Of these

118 are in sod and 121 under tillage.


The experiment was divided into

During the ﬁrst

period the orchard was divided in

halves by a north and south line, dur-

ing the secoud period by an east and

west line. One quarter of the orchard

then, has been tilled ten years; anoth-

er tilled ﬁve years and then left in

sod ﬁve years ; the third quarter has

been in sod ten years and the fourth

quarter in sod ﬁve years, then tilled

ﬁve years. The filled land was plow-

ed each spring and cultivated from

four to seven times. The graf‘ss iﬂ‘the

sod plat was usually out once, some-

times twice. In all other operations

the care was identical.


The Results of the Test.


The average yield on the plat left

in sod for ten years was 69.16 barrels

per acre: on the plat tilled ten years,

116.8; difference in favor of tilled

plats, 47.64 barrels per acre per year.

The fruit from the sod mulch is more

highly colored than that from the till-

ed land. The sodded fruit matures

from one to three weeks earlier than

the tilled fruit. The tilled fruit keeps

from two to four weeks longer, how-

ever, than the sodded fruit; it is also

ibetter in quality, being crisper, more

juicy and of better ﬂavor.


The average gain in diameter of the

trunks for the trees in sod for the


ten-years was 2.39 inches; for the

trees under tillage 3.90 inches; gain

in favor of tillage 1.51 inches. The


trees in sod lacked uniformity in ev‘

ery organ and function of which note

could be taken. The uniformity of the

trees under tillage in all particulars

was in striking contrast. The grass

had a decided effect on the wood of

the trees, there being many more dead

branches on the sodded trees and‘ the

new wood was not as plump or as

bright in color. The leaves of the

tilled trees came out three or four

days earlier and remained on the

trees several days longer than on the

sodded trees. They were a darker,

richer green, indicating greater vigor,

were larger and more numerous on

the tilled trees.

The Cost of the Two Systems.


,The average cost per acre of grow-

ing and harvesting apples in sod was

$51.73; under tillage $83.48: difference

in favor of sod $31.75. Subtracting

these ﬁgures from the gross return

leaves a “balance” per acre for the

sodded plats of $74.31; for the tilled

plats, of $140.67, an increase in favor

of tillage of $66.36. For every dollar

taken from the sodded trees, after

deducting growing and harvesting ex-

penses, the tilled trees gave $1.89.


The effects of the change from sod

to tillage were almost instantaneous.

Tree and foliage were favorably af-

fected before midsummer of the ﬁrst

year; and the crop, while below the

normal, consisted of apples as large

in size as any in the orchard, the fall-

ing off in yield being due to poor set-

ting. The change for the worse was

quite as remarkable and as immediate

in the quarter of the orchard turned

from tillage into sod; the average

yield in this quarter was not half that

of any one of the other three quarters.


Fertilizer Beneficial.


The use of nitrate of soda in the

sod plats greatly increased the vigor

ofthe treesand. was exposing invest-

ment, yet for the ﬁve-year period they


glilllllll]lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.‘lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilillIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllg

g . , ’ \ g

, Hort1culturc.

ﬁllllllllIllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllllllllllllllll|lllll||lllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll”MIME


core but a triﬂe more than half as I


much as the tilled trees.


The very marked beneﬁcial inﬂu-

ence on the sodded trees of ground

adjacent under tillage teaches that not

only should apples not be grown in

sod but that for the best good of the

trees there should be no sod near


them. Grass militates against apple

growing, in several ways, such as

lowering the water supply; decreas-


ing some elements in the food supply;

reducing the amount of humus; lower-

ing the temperature of the soil; di-

minishing the supply of air; affecting

the trees through the formation of a.

toxic compound.


Test Shows Sod Not Beneﬁcial.


There is nothing in the experiment

to show that apples ever become

adapted to grass. Sod may occasion-

ally be used in making more fruitful

an orchard growing too luxuriantly.

Other fruits than the apple are prob-

ably harmed quite as much, or more,

by sod so that the results of these ex-

periments may be applied to peach,

pear or other orchards. Hogs, sheep

or cattle pastured on sodded orchards

do not overcome the bad effects of the

grass. Grass left as a mulch in an or-

chard is bad enough. Grass without

the mulch is all but fatal—it makes

the trees sterile and paralyzed their

growth. It is only under highest til-

lage that apple trees suceed in nurser-

ies and all the evidence shows that

they do not behave diderently when

transplanted.


STRAWBERRY M U LCH.


Strawberries, like clover, heave

badly in an open winter or duning the

alternate freezing and thawing in the

early spring. Clover usually has to

take‘its chance with the weather, but

with strawberries which. are grown on

a much smaller scale, and are rela-

tively more valuable, repaying amply

for the labor and expense in protec-

tion. This protection may be best

had by mulching.


The plants should be covered with

a mulch of straw, swamp hay or a

coarse manure, as soon as the ground

freezes in the fall, which is usually

about Thanksgiving. They should not

be mulched before the ground freezes

or so early that there is liable to be a.

continual warm season which will

cause them to be smothered. The

best material to use is clean straw

free from weeds. If this is not avail-

able, marsh hay or swamp hay may

be used, or even coarse strawy horse

manure. The mulch should be two to

three inches deep, should cover the

entire patch, and if light should be

weighted down by using boards or

poles to prevent its being blown away.

It should remain on until the plants

begin to start in the spring when it

should be removed from the rows and

placed between them to conserve the

moisture and keep the soil from be-

ing spattered on the fruit by the

spring rains.


In sections where late frosts are

common, the mulch may be left on

the plants for a week or more after

growth would naturally start and thus

delay the date of blossoming until af-

ter danger from frost has passed. It

is also an easy matter when the

mulch is left between the rows, to re-

place it on the plants if frosts threat-

on after they come in blossom, and

thus protect them.


The strawberry plant is perfectly

hardy in most northern regions, and

the chief function of the mulch Is to

prevent heaving in the spring or dur-

ing an open winter. Other Secondary

elfecta of the mulch are: 1, to delay

starting in the spring; 2, to conserve

moisture by shading the soil: 3, to


keep the fruit clean, and 4, to serve

as ready means of protection against

frosts after blossoming season.


New York. EARL W. GAGE.


FALL PLANTING OF TREES.


The fall setting of trees is not a

common practice in this state, though

it has strong supporters among fruit

growers, nurserymen, and. fruit ex-

perts. The nursery people urge it be-

cause it relieves them of work in the

rush season in the spring. Some fruit

growers believe the practice a good

one because it relieves them of work

in the spring and gives them a better

selection of stock.


The scientiﬁc reasons advanced for

fall planting are that the earth be-

comes thoroughly packed around the

roots during the winter, and therefore

they are quickly able to absorb the

plant food, which is a favorable factor

for early growth. The tree which

gets an early start in spring has a.

good chance of passing through the

drouths of summer without injury.


One objection to fall planting is

that the nurserym’an usually has to

strip the trees of their foliage prema-

turely in order to get them ready for

fall delivery. This prevents the tree

from properly hardening its wood.

which is naturally not good for the

tree.


Another common objection is that

the trees are susceptible to freezing

at the roots and crowns. This is es-

pecially true on loose soils where the

trees have been carelessly set, or

where they have been shaken by the

winter winds. The nurseries usually

have much better facilities for keep-

ing the newly dug trees through the

ﬁrst winter than the grower. When

fall-set trees become frozen, the grow-

er has no opportunity for redress.

Spring planting is, therefore, the safer

course. However, if for any reason

fall planting should still be advan-

tageous. care must be taken to get as

thoroughly ripened trees as possible.

In setting,'the earth should be press-

ed around the roots, and the. trees

mounded to about six inches above

the ground, so as to keep them well

anchored against the winter winds.


Fall is the most advantageous time

for transplanting older trees. Shade

and fruit trees over four years old

can be reset at no better time. The

chief reason for this is that it is prac-

tically impossible to properly ﬁrm the

earth around the roots of the older

trees; air pockets will invariably be

left. These will cause a drying out

of the roots, which will greatly lessen

the chances of the tree going through

the dry season. By' transplanting in

fall the earth gets quite thoroughly

settled around the roots by the time

the trees start growing in the spring.

Mounding the trees with- earth is es.

pecially important when transplanting

old trees.


MEETlNG OF \l/EEGSETAEIE GROW-


The Seventh Annual Convention of

the Vegetable Growers’ Association of

America, met in Horticultural Hall,

Philadelphia, October 6—9. The Phila-

delphia Vegetable Growers’ Associa-

tion made the local arrangements for

entertainment which was done to the

satisfaction and delight of all. The

convention was the largest and best

in recent years, having an average

attendance of over 300, representing

26 states. The splendid display of

products, seeds, implements, etc., of

interest to vegetable growers receiv-

ed careful attention.


The chief subject for discussion on

the program was marketing. All the

phases of marketing relating to vege-

table growing, were taken up, co-op-

eration being given special attention.

“Seed Improvement," and “The Im-

provement of Soils” were subjects

Wthh also created considerable in-

terest. . Dr. Orton, of the Department

of Agriculture, led in seed improve—

ment discussion, devoting most of his

time to the selection of seed taboes.

Prof. Jacob Lipman, of the ow Jer-

sey Experiment Statlo% handled the

8011 subject, and Prof. lyde King; of

the. University of Pennsylvania. led

in the discussion of the marketing

questions.


i
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‘5' 001'. 24.19145.


Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll'“:


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5]

SM UTTY WHEAT.


The present question confronting

many Michigan farmers is, “What

will we do with our smutty wheat?”


Farmers as a general rule, feed

wheat sparingly. As a matter of fact,

the reason why wheat is not fed more

universally, is the price at which it is

sold. Wheat in this part of Van Bur-

en county was badly affected by

smut, consequently many farmers

have unsalable wheat.


To obtain the greatest results from

the least amount of feed, the wise

dairyman studies his cows and feeds

a balanced ration. How many farm-

ers study their hogs and feed a bal-

anced ration for the same results? It

is a well established fact that where

hogs are successfully and economical-

ly grown, we ﬁnd a good herd of

dairy cows in the foreground. Each

taken separately, the hog has Old

Brindle beat a mile.


Experience has proven that a hog

to be economically grown, should be

provided‘with good forage and a grain

ration of two per cent of his weight,


w. I


‘1. THE' M’IC‘H‘IG‘A'N‘ FARM—ER” i


“ JllllIllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIi|lllllllllllllllIllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

lee (Stock.


ll"llllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll”IlllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll”Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllﬁ


If:


lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll


other will be getting a start that will

give them some nice feeding when

they get back to it. If there is no

such extra pasture then we should

begin feeding some grain. Before now

we have been feeding oats by the ﬁrst

of October. This puts the sheep up

in nice trim for the coming conﬁne-

ment. I like oats best of all grain for

sheep, as it gives the sheep strength,

it has all the elements for growth, and

makes bone and muscle. While only

a small amount each day is needed to

carry the ﬂock along, yet that little

amount should not be omitted.


It is just the right season of the

year now to mate the sexes where

early lambs are desired. Ewes bred

in October will drop lambs about the

corresponding days of the next March.


But before mating the sexes we

should cull out all the old ewes that

are on the decline, and no lambs

should be bred. We can easily stunt

our lambs by putting on them the ser-

ious duty of motherhood before they

are matured. We should use only


rams of full blood and vigor, as well

as ewes that are thrifty.


If we fol-


“Flora”-—-36-year.old Family Horse Owned by Lewis Sumner, Washtenaw Co.


and when so provided will make daily

gains of one pound to every two

pounds of grain consumed.


A hog weighing 100 pounds requires

two pounds of grain in addition to

what forage he gets, and it is an in-

disputable fact, that good forage and

60 pounds of Wheat will produce 30

pounds of pork. Giving the forage

credit for 15 pounds of pork we have

15 pounds to the credit of the wheat,

and hogs at $8.50 per cwt. we have

$1.271/z per bushel for that smutty

wheat.


With hogs anywhere around the Sc

zone, and wheat less than $1, in the

writer’s opinion, “feed the wheat.”


Van Buren Co. VAN V. RYNO.


FALL CARE OF SHEEP.


The next few weeks are critical

ones in the life of sheep. The suc-

cess with them another year will be

largely determined by the manner in

which they enter the winter months.

If they make the beginning of winter,

poor in ﬂesh, weak in bodily health

and strength, it will be almost impos-

sible to get them up in better condi-

tion before spring. For this reason it

behooves us to see to it that every

sheep, and especially'the ewes that

are expected to bear lambs, is in good

shape for the Winter season.


Generally the pastures will be

found a little short at this season of

the year, and this works against the

welfare of the sheep. I like to always

have two pastures so that I can alter-

nate from one to the other. Sheep as

well as other animals, like such a

change, and it is good for them. While

they are eating down one pasture the


lowed this rule we would soon build

our ﬂocks up to better things than we

have ever known.


Texas. A. M. LATHAM.


FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.


Sweet Clover as a Forage Crop.


I would like to know the feeding

value of sweet clover, and it is very

hard to induce cattle or sheep to eat

it. On what kind of soil does it thrive

the best?


Cheboygan Co. C. LeD.


Sweet clover cut at the proper stage

has a high feeding value, resembling

alfalfa in this, as it does in appear-

ance. Cattle and sheep do not eat it

as readily at the start as is the case

with other hay, owing to the peculiar

aroma of the plant, but those who

have tried it out thoroughly claim

that they soon become accustomed to

it and eat it as readily as they do clo-

ver 01‘ alfalfa hay. The same is pos-

sibly true with the use of the plant as

a pasture for live stock, yet the writ-

er’s limited experience Would seem to

indicate that it is not unpalatable to

live stock. Some colts and hogs which

have been running in an alfalfa ﬁeld

this summer in which there was a

light sprinkling of sweet clover have

apparently eaten the sweet clover as

readily as they have the alfalfa, as it

is very rare indeed, to ﬁnd a sweet

clover plant in this ﬁeld which has not

been bitten off by the stock, although

the alfalfa pasture is abundant. There

is every evidence that sweet clover

has a value as a forage crop which

has not been accorded it by the aver-


age farmer, who has long considered \


it nothing but a weed.


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Flows, Hal-rows, Pulvorlzers. Hotel-c, Spreaders. Planters, Drllls, Cultlvators.

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Steal-n Traction Engines. Threshlnz Machines, Road Rollersdﬂagons and Vehicles


Established 1852


40918


REMINGTON .


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Used by leading experts for more than 40 years. 7

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Remington -UMC ammunition. Noted for over 40

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Rim or_ center fire-every calibre—revolver. oinglo '1?th

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The alert dealer in this community sells them—tho Rom-

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sign of Sportsmen’l Headquarters—the Red Ball Mark of

Reminzton-UMC.

To keep your gun cleaned and lubricated right. use

Rem Oil. the now powder oolvont. rust preventative. and

gun lubricant.


Remington Arms-Union Metallic Cartridge Co.

299 Broadway, New York


a


1
Internation

Harvester

Cream

Separators


ter cream separators.


Once or twice a week the


and best service.

national separators.

{usied, and easy to operate.


separators.

wr


CHICAGO


Champion Deezing


HERE 15 how Wise farmers make

money With International Harves-

They separate the

milk at milking time when 1t separates best.

have on _ .

take to the creamery and t 6 fresh, warm skim milk

builds up thriving young farm stock that means Planters, Picker.

money later. They save slow and wasteful skim-

ming by hand and save many creamery trips.

Bu an International cream separator—Lily, Blue-

bell, rimrose or Dairymaid, and get longest wear

Experts design and build Inter-

They are strong, perfectly ad-

Note for example the

ow supply can, the high skim milk spout, the strong

sanitary openobase frame, the tool steel spindles, Cream wanton

the bronze bushings, the spiral gears, etc. .

If you will write us we will send you illustrated “mm

catalogues telling all about International cream '

If you do not know who sells them we

1 tell you where they may be seen.


International Banister Cgmpany of America

corporate


T HE “M1 CH IG'A‘N ' F ma M BR «r:


y the cream to w


Boxiluo Cotton

Shellor Shrotldoro

Tumor


P . Sp ' Joell.

“.5 Disk rrowo

Cultivator.

GENERAL LINE

Oil and (in Enzinn

Oil Tncton

Manure Spreaders


AND PAY LATER

h Don‘t deny yourself the beneﬁts

-. m of the best Silo on earth! Your

. "m credit is good. Buy now—pay later


"u after Jack Frost has been here. Write

,1" for our Special “After Jack Frost"

I Offer on Silos and Silo Fillers. A big

' thing for gritty men—GET IT NOW!

m' ,, Kalamazoo Tank & Silo Co.


Kalamazoo, Mich.


are made of high carbon steel, WOOD

LINED, chain hanging and ﬂexible. Our


full line of Sanitary Stalls, including

Harris New Adjustable, stands for perfect

cow comfort. Economical, easily installed.


FRE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG de-

scribes our com leto line of labor-

seving barn equipment. rite for it today.


HARRIS MPG. (10.. Box 50 Salem, Ohio


11‘ PAYS To onnonn


Dehorncd cows give more milk; take

Iessroom; are gentleandeasilyhandled.

Dehorned steers fatten quicker and

are not dangerous. Horns cost

money; remove them with the new


Improved Keystone Dehorner


quickest, cleanest. strongest and most

sndstactory. Clean, shear and sliding

cut: no crushing; no bruising. Money

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I. T. Phillips. Box 120 Power. Po.


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158% m. In


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obtain our handsome treecatalog A


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gMichigan Livestock Insurance Co.

Esapliai Stock-$100,000. Surplus—$100,000.

. Home Office—Charlotte. Michigan.


iOnIy Home 60., in Michigan.

2‘, COLON C. LTLUE Prelident.

ii. .I. WELLS, -:- Secretary-Treasurer.


:‘PUMP GRIND SAW 3:33.33

Wood Mills are Boot. Engine; are Sinplo

Foul Grinders, Sow

Franco. Steel Tanks


CATAWBUIS PR!!!

‘6'!" “‘3le


.55.; ;..' Perkins Wind mu a ..

”uni, Engine can-1.1300 ,,


135 Inn! at.


Iliohwoh. ha. 7


Save your money.

WHHLESALE FEED m t" Price list.

Everything in Food.


THE BARTLETT 00.. 100 Hill Ste. Jackson. Mich.


You can’t get Galloway quality at any-


where near my price. I get one small

manufacturing profit. the rest of your

dollar buys w at you need. The other

way your dollar pays the profit of the

manufacturer, the Jobber and the dealer.

You have tried the old way. Now try my

way and see what you save.


L"

‘7:


will suit your needs. Any .-

30 days for trial of Engine, Cream Separa- ,

tor or Manure Spreader. If not sails-

tied that the are as ood as any you

ever saw or card 0 , the tgoods come

back to me and you’re no out.

cATALoo Fall—Write tor catalog you

want. Get lull particulate and my 31

prices, extra low

on Engin

ara


Wm. Colony. Pros.

Wal- Ooﬂowny Go.

181 ”my 80...

wmrloo. Iowa


Bargains in Gasoline Engines


We have in stock the following STANDARD FIELD

ENGINES which are new and in ﬁne condition

allthg‘ugh “11%); have been good forﬂ demonstrztinc edit


9 a re. erre me as our ve an s andar

GUARIXNTEE. "8 - y


—2 H. P. $40.00 each complete.

2—3 H. P. $65.00 each complete,

2—4 H. P. $75.00 each complete,

1—5 H. P. $90.00 complete.


1—7 H. P. $110.00 complete.

l~8 H. P. $150.00 complete.

1—10 H. P. $190.00 complete.

1—12 H. P. $245.00 complete.


I. O. B. Jackson. First Come. First Served.

Everybody knows the superior quality of Field

nee. Ask the man


Ens! who owns one.

THE FlELD-BRUNDAGE C0., Jackson, Mich.

RAYNER FIELD. Gen‘l Mnnnﬁer.


FORD TWO GOIPIIESSIDI STARTER


Dlﬂers from all others. Positively guaranteed to


l;°.”.;,,2.”.it‘: Sandbo sum 0)., Rock ism, Ill.


Boglglorad‘ hauling Percheron Stallion Boll.

. J. annulus. Tekonoln. woman.


Dairy.


5

mullllllllllllllllllllllllIllllillllllllIIIIII]|lllIllIIllllllillllllillllilllllIIIIIIlllIlllllllIlIllllIIllllllllIIlHﬂﬁ

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.


THE HOME OF THE HOLSTEIN-

FRIESIAN.


On the evening of October 4, during

the sessions of the seventh annual

sale of Holstein cattle by the Michi-

gan Breeders’ Consignment Sale Com-

pany at Detroit, a special meeting of

the breeders was held, at which time

Prof. Anderson, of the M. A. 0., gave

an address on his observations and

travels through northern_Holland, the

home of the Holstein-Friesian cattle.


Dairying Maintains Soil Fertility.


The province of Friesland and ad-

jacent territory were described, with

particular reference to the black and

White cattle. This province is about

the size of two average Michigan

counties. For advantages in compar~

ison, Prof. Anderson used the coun~

ties of Ingham and Livingston to rep.

resent the size of this division of H01‘

land. History informs us that from

the beginning of the Christian era. this

section of Europe was given. to the

production of cattle and the historian

Motley tells of oxen weighing over

2,000 pounds, and of the large amount

of butter and cheese made back in

the seventeenth century.


This long period of devotion to the

dairy business gives increased inter-

est because of the excellent condition

of the land today and the unusual crop

production, which consists almost en-

tirely of roughage and pasture; thus

proving beyond question the advan~

tages of the dairying business as a.

way of maintaining soil efﬁciency.


Registered Cattle.


The breeders of Friesland started a.

herd broodln1879. In one of the books

registering pedigreed stock it was nec‘

essary that the animals not only have

proper ancestry but also that they

score 70 per cent of a. perfect score.

The limited territory covered made it

possible for the judges of the associa:

tion to go out and see the cattle to be

entered. In this herd book were reg-

istered 18,576 black and white cows,

6,728 black and white bulls, 267 red

and white cows and 105 red and white

bulls. In another book animals whose

ancestry was not well known, could

be registered, providing the individu-

als scored at least 75 per cent of a

perfect score. This recognized a large

number of excellent cattle that would

have been barred from the other book

and there were 12,173 black and white

cows, 1,629 black and white bulls, 620

red and white cows and 144 red and

white bulls. This gives a total of 31,-

645 registered cows and 8,608 bulls, or

a grand total in round numbers of 40,-

000 Holstein-Friesian cattle registered

in the province.


During the same time there was

registered in the United States 317,495

animals belonging to this breed. Be-

cause of the large territory covered

here it is impossible for the ofﬁcials

of the association to see every animal

registered, as is done In Friesland,

and for this reason there are some

inferior animals that get into the

books, but allowing for these it is ap-

parent that the amount of registered

stock in this country greatly outnum~

bers that held in the little province

of Friesland. It is estimated that of

the number on the books of the Am~

erican association, 220,000 are living

today.


Recommends Buying at Home.


While the professor found the stock

in the native habitat of the breed re-

markably uniform in- type he could

see no reason for breeders in this

country going across the water to se-

cure foundation stock. As the Yankee

has developed the American thorough-

bred and given certain characteristic


qualities to other breeds of live stock.


so has he impressed his work upon

Holstein-Friesian cattle, and because

of this it would appear that it might

not only be of no‘ advantage to go

abroad to buy breeding animals to start

aherd, but it would likely be adistinct

advantage to buy animals that have

already acquired some of the Ameri-

can characteristics.


To show how the American has tak-

en the lead in matters pertaining to

the development of this breed, it is

but fair to state that a herd book was

started in this country seven years

before the Holland people began to

compile theirs, and also that the orig-

inators of the breed are just now in-

troducing the advanced registry sys-

tem which is meeting the same objec-

tions there that it did here some

years past.


Tests Improve the Herd.


Notwithstanding the fact that

there may be instances where the test

system of selecting animals for this

advanced registration has worked

harm to individual animals, it was the

opinion of Prof. Anderson that great

good had come of it and that it was

putting the breed on a better produc-

tion basis.


By way of illustrating the number

of dairy cows kept on the land in

Friesland it was shown that for every

100 acres of land in the entire prov~

ince there was an average of 30 dairy

cows. If as many cows were put in

the counties of Ingham and Living

atom, which are about equal in size

to this province, then one-third of all

the cows in the state of Michigan

would be needed. At present there

are in these two counties one—four

teenth of all the cows of the state, or

in other words, there are about sev-

en and one-half cows per every 100

acres.


Illustrating further, the large num-

bers of dairy cows kept in these old

countries, the speaker stated that on

the island of Jersey there are Ill,000

cows on an area the size of one and

one-half townships. or 32 cows for ev-

ery 100 acres of land, and on the is-

land of Guernsey which has an area

of about 16 square miles, there are

about 6,000 cows, or 52 cows per ev.

ery 100 acres. These deductions do

not allow for the space occupied by

towns and cities, streets and roads,

but every portion of the countries is

taken in the average. On the other

hand it should be kept in mind that

dairying is carried on almost to the

exclusion of other branches of agri~

culture.


A Good Investment.


From the impressions gathered

during this tour and from observations

and experiences, Prof. Anderson gave

it as his opinion that money put in

good dairy live stock is one of the

best investments one can make along

agricultural lines. And as to the Hol‘

stein-Friesian cattle, he believes that

the amateur breeder of this state

would start with greater safety and

more advantages if he sought his sup--

plies from this country, and not. only

from this country, but because of the

generally superior health of the dairy

cows of Michigan compared with that

of the animals of outside states, and

the adaptation of these animals to

conditions here, he would be more apt

to begin right if he bought foundation

stock from out of the excellent herds

owned right here in this state.


SECRETARY HOUSTON AT THE

DAIRY SHOW.


The National Dairy Show, which is

now being held at the International

Stock Ampitheatre in Chicago, will

have Hon. David F. Houston, Secre-

tary of Agriculture, as a guest on

Monday, October 26. At that time he

will deliver an address and it is ex-

pected that he will have something of

importance to say regarding his work.

The show is most valuable as an edu~

cational feature to all interested in

dalrying. .
. 091‘; i4, 1214; '


TH: PRODUCTION OF CLEAN

MILK.


Every owner of a dairy herd should

consider it his duty to himself and to

the community to keep only healthy

cows, supply them with wholesome

feed and keep them in clean, com-

fortable quarters. He will also ﬁnd it

the most proﬁtable. The milkers and

all who handle the milk should realize

that they have in their charge a food

which is easily contaminated; and

should therefore take all reasonable

precautions to prevent the milk from

becoming a source of danger to them-

selves and others. The consumer

should understand that clean, safe

milk is worth more and costs more to

produce than milk which contains dirt

and disease germs and should there-

fore be willing to pay more for it than

for dirty milk, which is dear at any

price.


What Clean Milk Is.


What is clean milk? The scientist

would exclude milk which contains

foreign matter or any bacteria what-

ever. For ordinary purposes, the De-

partment of Agriculture says, clean

milk is that which is obtained from

healthy cows, is free from dirt, and

contains only a small number of bac-

teria, none of which are of a disease-

producing nature. By exercising prop-

er care, the number of bacteria which

gets into the milk during the process

of milking, is small, but these will in-

crease rapidly if the milk is not kept

cool until used. If fresh milk con-

tains a large number of bacteria, it

indicates that the milk has become

contaminated during the process of

milking, although in some cases many

of the bacteria may come from an in-

fected udder. If milk contains large

numbers of bacteria when it reaches

the consumer, either it is not fresh,

has come from a diseased cow, or has

otherwise been contaminated, or it

has not been kept cool. Milk from a

diseased cow, from one about to calve,

or from one that has very recently

calved, possesses abnormal qualities,

and though it may not always be dan-

gerous to use, it can not be consider-

ed as clean milk and should not be

used as such.


Dangers of lmpure Milk.


While no one cares to use a food

which is not produced and handled

under sanitary conditions, everyone is

more concerned in the danger of con-

tracting disease which may be com-

municated through the agency of im-

pure milk. Serious diseases—typhoid

fever, septic sore throat, and other ail-

ments have been disseminated through

the milk supply. The cleaner the

milk, the longer it will keep good and

sweet. But clean milk not only bene-

ﬁts the consumer, but the milk pro-

ducer will ﬁnd many ways in which

he himself is beneﬁted by producing

clean milk. Tuberculin testing, for

example, is not only a safeguard to

the purity of the milk supply for the

consumer, but is a means of assisting

the producer to protect his herd

against future ravages of tuberculosis.

Most producers of market milk have

experienced the chagrin of having a

shipment of milk refused or returned


.because it reached the market sour,


tainted, or otherwise in poor condi-

tion. Delivering sour or tainted milk

usually results in losing the conﬁ-

dence of the dealer, or if it is deliver-

ed direct to the consumer, it means

the loss of good customers.


Summing up, then, the essential fac-

tors in producing a clean, safe milk,

we ﬁnd—clean, healthy cows kept in

clean, light, well-ventilated stables;

stables so constructed as to be easily

cleaned; a clean, well—drained barn-

yard; clean utensils, thoroughly ster-

ilized; clean, healthy milkers that

milk with dry hands; a small-top

milking pail; immediate cooling of the

milk to 50 degrees F., or lower; stor-

age of milk at a low temperature un-

til delivered; a separate house for

handling the milk; an abundant sup-

ply of pure water.


, r


TH E MICHIGAN ‘F'ARMER


THE MONEY‘ VALUE OF EN-

SILAGE.


Will you kindly give me your opin-

ion as to the value of corn ensilage

per ton in the silo, where the corn

would run 100 bushels to the acre?

Also, what would be the value of corn

in silo where it would run 80 bushels

to the acre; and what silage corn

would be worth per ton running per-

haps 50 to 60 bushels to the acre?


Livingston Co. J. B. C.


After the corn crop matures (rip-


ens) the stalks deteriorate in food

value because they become, in a large

measure, indigestible, much of the

starch changes to cellulose tissue, or

woody ﬁbre, in which state it is not

capable of being dissolved by the di—

gestive ﬂuids and hence passes

through the animal unchanged. But

if the plant is out before the ear thor-

oughly ripens, much of this starch is

digestible. Now my opinion is that if

the corn crop is cut at the proper

time for silage, namely, when the ears

are nicely glazed, the stalks are just

as digestible as the ears, and pound

for pound have as much food value. I

don’t think corn should be ripe when

ensiloed. Perhaps we can not always

harvest it at just the proper time, but

if we do then one part of the plant is

practically as digestible and as valu-

able as another.


Plant Silage Corn Closely for Eco-


nomical Results.


This doctrine may seem strange to

some and possibly 1 am wrong, but I

have formed my opinion from feeding

silage for more than 20 years. If you

plant corn so thick that it does not

ear very well when you come to feed

this corn you get just as good results

as when it is planted so thin that a

maximum yield of ears is obtained.

That is, a feed of 40 lbs., say, of one

kind of silage is as valuable as 40 lbs.

of the other. Hence, if you can get

more tons per acre by planting thick-

ly, you get more food value per acre

regardless of the ear.


Therefore, ton for ton, I would pay

no more for silage made from corn

heavily eared than from corn that was

not so heavily eared. It is tons of di-

gestible corn plant that we want in

silage, not ears. Understand, I am

not advocating immature corn silage.

I want the corn ‘plant fairly mature, but

by no means dead ripe, because if it

is dead ripe a large per cent of it has

become indigestible. Timothy should

be out before the seed ripens. If you

make hay out of oats or barley it

should be when the grain is in the

milk. If the grain is allowed to fully

develop, the balance of the plant is

straw and largely indigestible. The

chemist says it contains a large per

cent of crude ﬁbre, which means the

same thing.


The Cash Value of Silage.


What corn silage is worth per ton

is a difﬁcult thing to tell. It is not all

of the same value, no more than hay

is. Quality cuts an important ﬁgure

here as well as anywhere else, and

quality depends largely on the‘ stage

of development of the corn plant when

ensiloed. You can get a great deal

better results from a ton of hay cut

at its period of growth when the plant

is most palatable and most digestible

than when it is left until dead ripe.

The same theory holds good with the

corn plant. In our cow testing asso-

ciations we call silage worth $3.50 per

ton, and then it is the cheapest food

we can get. I heard Prof. Hecker say

once at a farmers’ meeting that good

corn silage was worth $6 per ton com-

pared with other feeds, but of course,

silage, to get its greatest food value,

must be fed in combination with other

foods and not alone. Most of our ag-

ricultural scientists say silage is

worth, ton for ton, one-third as much

as timothy hay.


WE ARE MAKING

A trial offer of the Michigan Farm-

er to NEW SUBSCRIBERS of eight

months for only 25 cents. This of-

fer will be open for a few weeks

only. Tell. your friends.


7—351


Ship Your Cream to the


Blue Valley Creamery

And Cut Out the Useless


Cream Buyer


The farmer who sells his cream to a


middleman pockets a loss that is wholly unnecessary. You


farmers who raise cows and produce cream and who operate dairy farms,

are entitled to a steady and reliable market which pays you every penny of proﬁt

possible for the work you and your cows do.


The Blue Valley Creamery Comp'y


pays the highest prices for butter fat 12 months in the year.

It can afford to do so because it makes the best butter in the world, sells

it to the highest class and most discriminating trade in America and gets the highest

prices for it.


The original value of a can of cream

suffers no shrinkage when shipped to the Blue Valley Cream-


ery Company. There are no commissions to be deducted. There are

absolutely no risks to run. You have a ﬁrm of world-wide fame to deal with and

your transactions are always direct and safe.


Any circumstance or condition that


obstructs a full proﬁt on the cream you produce, operates as


a serious drawback to your business and unless you sell your cream to

a reliable producing creamery you are never sure of any proﬁt at all. The sale of your

cream to THE BLUE VALLEY CREAMERY is assurance of pay and assurance

of proﬁt.


If your business is worth following at


all, it is worth following right. You ought to follow it in a


business way. You—and you alone—are entitled to all the proﬁt there

is in it. And you know as well as we do that it isn’t good business to sell cream at

a loss to a non-producing Middleman when it is easier and safer to sell to a high-grade

and reliable market like the Blue Valley Creamery Company which is able and


g9;


willing to pay you every penny of proﬁt you are entitled to.


One can of your cream shipped to a


Blue Valley Creamery will establish your busmess connection

and after that you have nothing to worry about. Your relations there-

after are with the best Creamery .System in the world, and they cannot fail to

be proﬁtable and satisfactory. It is one thing to produce Cream and another

to sell it to good advantage.


Ship 3. can of cream to the Blue Valley

Creamery Company today and try it out as a market.

Pay particular attention to the money you save and the extra proﬁt you

make. And always remember that you are shipping to a reliable ﬁrm that has the

highest standing possible in busmess circles. .You have nothing to lose by such a

trial. You have everything to gain. And it is the very simplest thing in the world

to do. All you have to do is to direct the can to us and ship it on any passenger or

express train that stops at your station.


Remember this, farmers and dairymen—the smart

business man always seeks the most reliable and proﬁtable market. You

farmers are business men and you ought _to follow the teachings of good business.

Quit fooling with the cream buyer and ship your cream to us. Begin today and start

at once reckoning your increased proﬁts.


How to Ship Your Cream to a Blue Valley creamCI‘lCS


Blue Valley Creamery

OUR GUARANTEE


You take no risk in shippingfyour can of cream

to aBlue Valley Creamery. on are sure of the

money for your cream and our binding unrantee

insures the return of your em ty can. 0 farmer

has ever failed to get his pay or his can of cream

during all the years we have been in business.

We are proud. and we think justly so. of this

record and it is worth a great deal to the farmer

who is looking for a high price cream market and

one that is at the same time reliable.


We have thousands of letters on file in our offices

from shippers. We'll send you copies on applica-

tion. Each is a glowing recommendation of the

Blue Valley System.


Cream is always shipped by baggage or express

and low shipping rates have been ﬁxed ’for 5, 8

and 10 gallon cnns. The shipping charge includes

the return of your empty can. Ask your local

express agent or railroad agent about rates to our

nearest creamery. If he can't give you the rates

just drop us a postal card and we Will see that he

is informed. Our wagons meet all trains. Ship

on any train that carries express or baggage.


Write for printed shipping tags or use an

ordinary ship ing tag and address it to the nearest

Blue Valley reamery. Be sure your name an

oddress is on the tag and turn the can over to the

transportation company. We Will do the rest.


Write today, for our handsomely illustrated and

interesting Short B‘OI'Y. entitled. "The Fable of

the Cow." It is free for the asking.


Ship in can of cream to us today and try the

Blue Valley System. Address our nearest


creamery.


are located in wholesale market centers

where there are a number of railroads,

thus enabling each creamery to get a

large volume of cream within a reasonable

shipping distance and serve a large

number of cream producers. Cream—

eries are located at Chicago, 111., St.

Joseph, Mo., Indianapolis, Ind., Sioux

City, 1a., Detroit, Mir-11., Grand Rapids,

Mich” Hastings, Neb., Parsons, Kan.,

Springﬁeld, 111., Clinton, 111., Cedar

Rapids, Ia. Ours isabusiness creamery

system built up to meet hand separator

conditions, thereby paying highest prices

for cream. Yours truly,

BLUE VALLEY CREAMERY CO.


_— — — - — - — -

'BLUE VALLEY CREAMERY 00., x441


Gentlemenz—Se d F "

Fable of the Claw.”n me tee, copy at TheI


I Name.... no. .‘u. on. one 0.0. one on...» no- Coon nu I


I Address m. m. m. ..... m. .m m. m. .u. u. ..... I


lRu/ral F. D. Route............................. .....

I _ - — I — I - — .-


1-.
352—48


The Michigan Farmer


Established 1843. Copywright 1914.


The Lawrence Publishing Co.


Editors and Proprietors.


39 to 45 Congress St. West, Detroit .Mlchigan

TELEPHONE MAIN 4525.


NEW YORK OFFICE—41 Park Row.


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DETROIT, OCT. 24, 1914.


A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF

THE WEEK.


Intensive Versus Extensive Farm-

ing.—~-An illustration of adapta-

bility in changing the system of

farming and its importance as a

factor in farm management ...... 345


Laying Concrete FIoors.—Essential

points in the placing of concrete

to insure durability and satisfac-

tion ........................... 346


Profitable Winter Employment—A

plea for clearing the ﬁelds of

small and inconveniently located

stone piles ..................... 347


Tillage vs. Sod Mulch in Apple

Orchards—The history of a ser-

ies of authentic experiments to

determine the relative value of

these methods of apple culture..348


The, Production of Clean Milk.—

A summary of the essential re-

quirements for the production of

a wholesome dairy product ...... 351


Vital Needs in Apple Marketing.—

Some lessons learned from pres-

ent and past experience which

should be turned to future ben-

eﬁt ........... ....36O


CURRENT COMMENT.


The National Im-

Address Farmers plement and Ve-

Through Bankers. hicle Association,


at its meeting held

in Chicago during the last days of

September, addressed an open letter

to American bankers giving its views

on the present business situation and

the steps which bankers should take

to improve it. Oddly enough, all of

the six recommendations made had a

direct reference to agriculture. Most

of these recommendations were points

well taken, particularly the ﬁnalone,

which advised bankers to discourage

all speculation but encourage the ex-

pansion of legitimate business in rural

communities by a reasonable exten-

sion of credit.


Doubtless this organization, the

members of which depend for their

chief patronage on the farmers of the

country, have a larger appreciation of

the importance of promoting better

and more diversiﬁed agriculture and

better business methods in distribu-

tion than many other classes of busi-

ness men, yet each year sees a great-

er number of business men of all

classes who appreciate the fact that

a prosperous agriculture is the key to

national prosperity in a business way,

hence the general tendency to look to

the farmers as a national asset which

will tide the country over almost any


period of threatened general business

depression. '


Among the

amendments

to the consti-

_ tution of Mich-

igan preposed by the Legislature and

adopted by a vote of the electors at

the general election held in 'April,

1913, was one providing for the pro-

posal of amendments to the constitu-

tion by petition of not less than ten

per cent of the legal voters of the

state. In addition to the amendments

to the constitution proposed by the

Legislature for submission at the com-

ing general election in November, of

which mention has been made in re-

cent issues, another amendment to the

constitution will at the same time be

submitted which was proposed by pe-

tition under the provisions of this re-

cently adopted constitutional provi-

sion. This is a proposed amendment

to article twelve of the constitution

by adding a new section thereto, to

be known as section 10, and to read

as follows:


Section 10. The Legislature shall

prOVIde by law for the incorporation,

regulation and supervision of frater-

nal beneﬁciary societies, With the

power to issue death beneﬁt certiﬁ-

cates, which law shall require that

such societies, in order to be incor-


porated, or to do business within the

state, must have:


(a) A representative or a democrat-


Constitutional Amend-

ment by Initiative.


'ic form of self government, including


the ﬁxing of its own rates, and the

election of its ofﬁcers, with provisions

for the recall of ofﬁcers by a majority

vote of the membership, upon petition

of not greater than 15 per cent of the

membership:


(b) Provisions for initiating chang-

es in Constitution or Laws upon peti-

tion of 10 per cent of the member-

ship, and for a referendum vote of the

membership upon any changes in the

Constitution or Laws, upon petition

of the same percentage:


(0) Provisions requiring the ofﬁ-

cers, upon demand of ﬁve local

branches, to furnish complete mailing

lists of members for use in connec-

tion with the exercise of the Initia-

tive, Referendum or Recall.


No law shall be valid which shall

require any such society;


(a) to create a legal reserve fund,

or to be valued or collect assessments

upon any basis of rates which will in

operation collect an amount annually

in excess of the average mortuary

cost per one thousand dollars ($1,000)

insurance in force of successful legal

reserve insurance companies of ﬁfty

years’ experience, in addition to the

necessary expenses of such societies:

or


.(b) to ,Have a

ritual.


All fraternal beneﬁciary societies

authorized to do business in this State

on March 1, 1914, may continue to do

such business until the Legislature

shall pass law in compliance withthe

foregoing provisions; provided that

no such society may continue to do

business for. more than one year after

this section shall go into effect, unless

its Constitution and Laws shall com-

ply with this section; provided, how-

ever, that any such society organized

under laws of any other state may

provide that as to business within

this State the foregoing provisions

shall govern, and that as to such busi-

ness the vote of the majority of its

members in this state shall be bind-

ing, in which case all liabilities accru-

ing on Michigan business may be

made payable from assessments on

Michigan members.


At the request of Commissioner of

Insurance Winship, Attorney General

Fellows recently rendered an ofﬁcial

opinion regarding the meaning of the

amendment and the practical effect

of same if adopted, concerning which

it appears there is a wide difference

of opinion. His opinion is too volumi-

nous to be reproduced in these cor-

umns. Brieﬂy stated, its main points

are as follows: That fraternal bene-

ﬁciary societies would not necessarily

be limited to the issuing of death ben-

eﬁt certiﬁcates, which alone are men-

tioned in the amendment, but that in

the absence of more speciﬁc limita-

tions the Legislature might enact a

law prov1ding for the issuing of old

age, disability and other beneﬁts as

well; that in the absence of special

limitation to that end fraternal bene-

ﬁciary societies might, at their discre-

tion, maintain both a lodge system


and a ritual. although they could not


lodge system or


THE MICHIGAN‘IFARMER“:


be compelled to do so by law; that

grave difﬁculty would be encountered

by societies of other States in doing

business in Michigan under the pro-

visions of this section. and vice versa,

because of a. discrepancy in state

laws governing the conduct of such

business; that the amendment, as

drawn, seems, and probably is in vio-

lation of the federal constitution, to

preclude any fraternal beneﬁciary so—

ciety organized after March 1, 1914,

from continuing its business after the

adoption of the amendment. and that

the adoption of the amendment would

nullify the power of the state or its

ofﬁcials “to intervene in case frater-

nal beneﬁciary societies are not levy-

ing assessments suﬂicient to meet the

obligations and to take necessary ac-

tion looking to the adjustment of pe-

cuniary difﬁculties,” although frater-

nal organizations would not be pre-

vented from voluntarily levying as-

sessments in excess of the limit im-

posed by this amendment.


In voting upon this proposed amend-

ment to the constitution, the ﬁrst to

be proposed by the direct or “initia-

tive" method, careful consideration

should be given to its text. Under the

plan of amending the constitution

through proposals initiated by peti-

tion, the proposed amendment is, of

course, framed by partisans, or per-

sons. having some special object in

view, and in the desire to make cer-

tain of accomplishing the object the


tendency naturally is to undertake to.


incorporate into the fundamental law

provisions which are more properly a.

subject for legislative consideration

than for constitutional enactment.

Regardless of the merits of the ob-

jects sought, this appears to be a

most valid objection to the adoption

of the above amendment. It seeks to

amend the article of our constitution

relating to corporations by the addi-

tion of a section which is almost, if

not quite, as voluminous as the entire

article of nine sections as it now

stands, and, instead of simply deﬁning

the limitations within which the Leg-

islature may act regarding this ques-

tion, it deﬁnies the course which the

Legislature must take ,whether that

course may or may not seem expedi-

ent after a full and careful investiga—

tion of the proposition. This is, in

our opinion, a dangerous proposition,

and one which should be discouraged


at the outset of the use of the initia-‘


tive in Michigan.


As to the merits of the proposed

amendment, other than the point

above criticised, we will not presume

to advise the reader, but will conﬁne

our comment to a. statement of appar-

ently related facts which seem to have

a bearing on the situation. The peti-

tion proposing this amendment is said

to have been signed by some 110,000

policy holders in fraternal beneﬁciary

societies. So far as we have been

able to gather, the proposed amend-

ment is supported principally by the

members of one such society, and is

being opposed just as vigorously by

other similar organizations. The last

Legislature passed a new law relating

to the drganization and conduct

of such societies, at certain sections

of which certain provisions of this

proposed amendment to the constitu-

tion are apparently aimed. Space will

not permit us to touch upon these

statutory provisions, which are said

to conform closely to those in force

in other states, nor does their careful

perusal indicate that they would aid

the layman to any great extent in de-

ciding whether or not to support this

amendment. We take it for granted

that the law was given careful consid-

eration by the Legislature, particular-

ly by the committees which passed

upon its provisions, and that all who

were interested in fraternal beneﬁ-

ciary societies had a fair chance to

be heard during its consideration. If

the law is not just~or adequate there

is opportunity for its amendment at

an early date, either through secur-

ing action by the Legislature, or, by


OCT. 24, 1914.


the sameprocess'of initiative ussd'iii

presenting this proposed amendment

to the constitution.


HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.


Foreign.


The European Wan—Severe ﬁght— ~


ing has continued throughout the past

week. In the western theatre of war

some changes have occurred. The

Germans have withdrawn some of

their strength from the left wing, and

sent them into Belgium to again

threaten France from the north, with

Paris as the objective point, the same

as they did in the earlier days of the

war.

have been occupied by the Germans.

The Allies’ lines are greatly strength-

ened and a decisive battle is consid~

ered imminent in western Belgium;

the latest reports from this section

state that the German right wing has

been driven back about 19 miles dur-

ing the past four days. In northeast-

ern France the Allies are ﬁghting des-

perately to prevent the establishing of

siege guns near Verdun, Toul and Bel-

fort. The Germans and Russians have

met about 25 miles west of Warsaw in

Poland. All indications are that a.

prolonged battle will occur in that re-

gion. Fully three million soldiers are

said to be engaged on the line of bat-

tle along the Vistula and south into

Galicia. In the south Servia has been

successful in several engagements

with the Austrians, particularly in

Bosnia. No important news has come

from the ﬁghting between Japanese

and Germans in eastern China.


The British press seems to be dis-

satisﬁed with the close censorship be-

ing kept over war information, and a

move has been taken to ask the min-

istry to substitute journalists as cen-

sors instead of British ofﬁcers.


Trouble along the Mexican border

near Naco, Arizona, has not been set-

tled. The wounded in the battle be-

tween the troops of Gen. Carranza


and rebels have been brought to the‘


American side by permission of the

government at Washington.


Plans are completed for an expedi-

tion to South America to study plant

and animal life along the east slopes

of the Andes. The expedition will be

under the supervision of Leo E. Mil-

ler, who was with the Roosevelt party

that toured South America. a year or

so ago.


The Mexican government is much

concerned over the demands by the

Indians in the state of Sonora that

government oﬁicials return them their

land, much of which is now owned by

foreigners. Disorders are feared.


Italy has reduced by one-half the

customs duties on Wheat, corn, oats

and other cereals. The reduction is

to be in force for ﬁve months.


National.


_The American Board of Commis-

Sioners of Forein Missions held their

105th annual meeting in Detroit last

week.


Prof. Hugo Munsterberg, of Harvard

University, has tendered his resigna-

tion, following the offer of Major

Weiner, of the British army, of $10,-

000,000 to the institution, providing

Prof. Munsterberg be ousted for his

pro-German opinions expressed since

the European war began. There is

little likelihood that the famous teach-

er’s resignation will be accepted by

the corporation.


The third look at the Soo canal op<

ens for trafﬁc October 21.


Since the European war began con-

cerns in Chicago have sold to the be—

ligerent nations $150,000,000 worth of

provisions and other supplies. These

sales aggregate one-half of our Eu-

ropean debt at the beginning of the

war.


The effort of United States Sena-

tors from cotton growing states to se-

cure federal legislation for the relief


of cotton producers seems to have‘


failed. Since these senators attempt-

ed to hold up the deﬁciency tax bill

until they secured favorable legisla-

tion for bonds to hold cotton, the way

is now clear for the passage of the

deﬁcrency bill. It is expected that


Congress will adjourn Wednesday or»


Thursday of this week.


Standardization trials of the battle-

Ship New York are being made off the

coast of Maine this week.


The naval collier Jason has been

selected by Secretary of the Navy

Daniels to carry Christmas gifts from

the children of America to the chil-

dren of war-stricken Europe. The

ship sails November 10.


In an unusually closely contested

game the U. of M. foot ball team de-

feated the M. A.» C. eleven at East

Lansing last Saturday, by the narrow

score of 3-0. Two years ago the game

between these two teams was a tie,


neither side scoring, while last year-


the score stood 12-7 in favor of M. A.

C. Thus for the three years the score

stands M. A. C. 12 and U. of M. 10.

It is estimated there were 12,000 peo

ple present to Witness Saturday’s

contest. . . A. _ .


Bruges and Ostend on the coast '
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION


agaZine Section


‘17:: FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL


This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week. Every article is writtten especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere.


By the Light of the Jack-o’-Lantems.


By LUCILE A. HOWELL.


TOLD Zan when we passed t’other


night comin’ from meetin’ ef’n


that ole rail fence was jes’ taken

out from afore that hedge, your place

would be the prettiest sight along

this road,” stated Mrs. Harrington’s

visitor one morning late in October.


Mrs. Harrington smiled in a half-

hearted way. That rail fence had

been a bone of contention for some

time.


“He’s going to take it down right

away,” she prevaricated. “Looks like

he never gits time. The hedge does

look right pretty. It’s grown so well

but I’ve had to work awful hard to

get a start. I’m glad you come over,

Mrs. Whitney, an’ I wish you’d stay

awhile longer.” She watched the wom-

an until the fast falling twilight swal-

lowed her, then she turned and went

slowly through the house and out onto

the back porch. A tall spare man in

blue overalls sat on the edge of the

porch floor rubbing the barrel of a

shot gun.


“Jonas,” she began as she sank into

a chair close by, “you’ve promised an’

promised an’ put me off time after

time about that ole rail fence out

there in front until I’ve plumb lost

patience with you. I worked like a

nigger to git that hedge set out an’

I’ve stayed by it an’ carried water fur

it an’ trimmed it until now it’s gettin’


to be a credit to the place if you only ,


had ambition enough to git out there

an’ haul them old rails away. You

know your mother’s a comin’ next

month an’ I hate it terrible fur the

place to look so run down an’ neglect-


ed when she gits here, fur the Lord,


knows I try hard enough to keep

things up. It does look like you could

do that much.”


The man held the gun to the disap-

pearing sun and looked carefully

through the shining barrel.


“Now, Marthy, ’tain’t no use fur you

to have that all over agin. I’ve tole

you that I’ll tear that ole fence down

an’ drag it off jest the ﬁrst chance I

git. Every time I lay off to do it I

have a bad spell an’ have to give it

up, but I’ve a’ready promised you that

the ﬁrst chance I git when I’m feelin’

equal to it, why down she comes. I

would do it tomorrow only—” he pans-

ed and scratched his head reﬂectively.

“Oh, yes, I have to take that fore

Wagon wheel to town an’ have a new

tire welded on. I knew they ’was

so’thin’ I had laid off to do.”


Mrs. Harrington sighed and her face

sunk into her upturned palms. Jonas

Harrington had never been blessed

with an over supply of ambition and

at some remote period a very accom-

modating doctor had cautioned him

against any violent exercise on ac-

count of some chronic heart trouble

with which he was supposed to suf-

fer. From that time on he had grad-

ually shirked his duties on the farm.

A tenant who lived on the place re-

lieved him of most of the actual la-

bor and when work followed too close-

ly on"'his heels he could always de-

pend upon his obliging heart to pick

that propitious moment for a “spell.”

All of the managing of the farm and

the planning and a large part of the

work had fallen on his wife’s should-

ers until she had grown to look on

him as an apology of a helpmate.


“What ’re you goin’ to do with your

gun?” she asked listlessly.


“I heerd a coon hollerin’ down in

the corn las’ night an’ I thought meb-

be ef’n me an’ the Whitney boys went

down there tonight we could git it.”


“Now look a here, Jonas Harring-

ton,” there was ﬁre in her black eyes

and her tone was sharp. “If you’re

able to follow a dog all over that

twenty-acre corn ﬁeld tonight after a


.little old coon you can tear down that


fence tomorrow. If I didn’t have this

felon on my hand I’d ’ve done it long

ago myself but I’ve got to go to town


“It was Long After all Good Citizens


tomorrow to have this dressed an’ I

can jest take that wheel to the shop

myself.”


“Oh, I wouldn’t do that ef’n I was

you, Marthy.” He frantically racked

his laggard brain for the proverbial

straw? What excuse could he make!

“You see, Marthy, ’twouldn’t ever do.

You might—why, you might hurt your

hand drivin’ by yourself,” be blurted

out. “I’ll go along with you as you go

an’ then I’ll be able to take down the

fence the next day.”


But Mrs. Harrington’s mind was

ﬁxed this time.


“No, it’ll be just as I say fur once,”

she staunchly asserted. “I’ll get little

Ben Whitney to drive me an’ you can


stay here an’ by this time tomorrow‘


night we’ll have that fence down.”


Jonas cheerfully rubbed a speck on

the gun stock.


Mebbe,” he assented mentally, but

he was very careful to make no audi-

ble reply. ‘ .


Late in the afternoon of the next

day Mrs. Harrington drove slowly up

the dusty road toward home in the

scorching heat of a. glaring October


sun. She had left her driver as she

passed the Whitney home and her

arm ached in it’s cramped position as

she tried to steady the ungainly wheel

on the back of the buggy. As the

horse turned in at the barnyard gate

she drew up on the reins and stopped.


“Just about as I expected,” she said,

her mouth set in a determined line.

“I might have known better. He could

have just as well taken this old wheel

to town himself.” For there in front

of her pretty green hedge still crawl-

ed the dilapidated rail fence with ag-

gravating regularity, its corners over-


were in Bed and Asleep.”


grown with ragweed and burdock dil-

ligently scattering their seed with

promise of a bumper crop in the fu-


ture. The horse walked on to the

watering trough and stopped and

whinnered.


“Jonas,” she called but not Jonas

appeared.


“Where on earth is that man now,”

she wondered.


“Jonas,” she called from the door-

way, and this time there was a faint

response from her bedroom. Here

she found him stretched out on the

bed, his head swathed in a white rag

and the camphor bottle in his hand.


“Is that you, Marthy?” he gasped

in a voice so weak she could scarcely

hear him. “It’s a good thing you got

here in time fur I guess my time is

come. I’ve had the awfulest spell I

ever lived through. I never thought

I’d be here when you got home.” He

rolled over on the bed and gave a

weak gasp. “Seems like every breath

will be my last,” he moaned. “I like

to a died afore I ever got to the bed.”


Mrs. Harrington eyed him suspi‘

ciously.


“How long you been sick?” she

asked. .


“Ever since you left,” he groaned.

“After you was gone I started out to

begin on that fence an’ it struck me.

I tell you I thought I was dead, Mar-

thy. Afore I could lift one rail off I

jes’ had to lay down there in the

shade ’till I could sorter git easy an’

git to the house. I jest thought shore

you’d ﬁnd me dead in the bed when

you got here.”


Mrs. Harrington took off her hat

and deliberately folded her best skirt

over the back of a chair. Constant

repetition of these scenes had dulled

her nerves until she had long since

ceased to be ruffled by his “spells.”


“I’ll make you a mustard plaster.

That usually helps you more’n any-

thing,” she called from the kitchen.

“Started to take down the fence,” she

sneered. “It’s a wonder his heart

didn’t plumb stop beatin’ if he ever

took a notion like that.”


Under his wife’s strenuous minis-

trations Jonas soon began to recover

and was soon able to hobble out on

the porch, being careful to ﬁrst assure

himself that she had already unhar-

nessed the horse and turned him in

to pasture.


“I was certainly hopin’ I’d ﬁnd that

fence all cleaned away when I got

home,” she began again as she set

the table for supper. “I got a letter

in town today from your mother an’

she’s comin’ the ﬁrst of November an’

here tomorrow’s the last of October.

But they ain’t no chance 110W an’

she’ll just have to take things as they

are. If I didn’t have this felon on my

hand I wouldn’t ask no odds of any

man that ever breathed.”


Jonas, propped in a rocker on the

porch, heard and heeded.


“You say maw’s a comin’ the ﬁrst?”

he asked after a few minutes of Si-

lence. ,


“Yes, that’s what the letter said,”

came the weary answer from the din-

ing-room.


“An’ tomorrow’s the last day of this

month, you say. Then today’s the

thirtieth, ain’t it?”


“That’s what it is,” she agreed, “but

that don’t make a bit 0’ difference.

You’ve let the whole summer pass by

so it ain’t no time to begin to think

about it now. Come on an’ eat your

supper while it’s hot.”


All the while that Jonas was storing

away a remarkably hearty supper for

a dying man his usually inactive brain

was propounding a tremendous

scheme, upon the succsss of which de-

pended his peace and quiet and undis-

turbed repose for several months to

come. While Mrs. Harrington was

clearing away the dishes be hunted

his old felt hat and wobbled out on

the porch.


“I’m a goin’ to walk down to Whit-

ney’s fur a few minutes,” he called

back. “Mebbe the air’ll make me feel

stronger.”


He found the three Whitney boys

sitting ﬂat on the ﬂoor of the back

porch busily cutting grotesque faces

in the hollowed shells of yellow pump-

kins. Jonas stood and watched them

a few minutes in silence.


“Where’s your pap ?” he inquired at

last. '


The eldest of the three boys, a. big
~ 354—10


strapping fellow of sixteen, looked up

frbm his work and whetted his knife

on his boot top.


“Why, howdy, Mr. Harrington“ I

didn’t know you was here. Dad took

the colts down to the east meadow

but I see him comin’ up the lane.

Have a chair up on the porch an’

he’ll be here in a few minutes.”


Jonas laboriously climbed the steps

and slid into the proﬁered chair with

a grunt.


“Makin’

quired.


“Gettin’ ready fur tonight,” one vol-

unteered. “We aimed to get these all

done this afternoon but we didn’t ﬁn-

ish diggin' potatoes. We’ll have ’em

made before dark, though.”


Mr. Whitney came through the barn

yard gate and hung a bridle on the

shed door.


“Why, hello there, Jonas, are you

seein’ to it that they git those punkin

faces made right? How’re you feelin’

these days?”


'Jonas shifted uneasily in his chair.


“Jest sort 0’ so—so. I had a terrible

bad Spell this afternoon while Marthy

was in town. Like to a died, I tell

you, an’ seems like I can’t git over it.

An’ I’ve got a hard night ahead 0’ me,

too," he added mysteriously.


Mr. Whitney sat down on the top

step.


“Why, what’s to disturb your rest

tonight?” he asked.


Jonas sighed deeply.


“Well, you know this is hallowe’en,”

he averred. “Seein’ these boys mak-

ing these punkin faces reminds me of

it all the more. An’ I’ve got it straight

from a certain party that ought to

know,” he bent low and his voice

dropped almost to a whisper, “thet

the boys from the Cross Roads are

aimin’ to come to my, place tonight an’

carry off the fence in front of the

muse. I don’t know how true ’tis, but

'-'. feel like I’ll have to sit up an’ guard

all night er at least ’til the danger is

past anyway. I’d hate it terrible to

have that fence tore down.”


Mr. Whitney laughed loudly and the

boys exchanged knowing winks.


“I don’t believe I’d worry, Jonas, if

E was you," his neighbor advised him.

“They ain’t a goin’ to come up this

far. I wouldn’t lose any sleep over

that.”


“You never kin tell what a gang 0’

boys ’11 do an’ I don’t look fur :nothin’

else but to have to protect my prop-

erty with arms tonight, an’ they may

be some blood shed.”


After Jonas had dragged down the

steps and started back toward home

the Whitney boys held an earnest

consultation with their heads close to-

gether.


“He’ll think it’s the Cross Roads

boys,” John, the middle sized boy,

urged. “He’ll never suspect us.”


“But he said he was going’ to ﬁght,”

little Ben argued. “S’pose he’d shoot

us dead.”


“You needn’t be scared about that,”

John assured him. “You know he

ain’t never goin’ to stay awake to

watch, is he, Frank?”


“’Course he won’t,” the eldest as-

sented. “He’s too lazy, an’ besides

he wouldn’t care if we tore down the

house so we left him a bed to lay on.

Stop your gigglin’, Ben, an’ git your

punkin an’ come on. The Newman

boys is goin’ to be waitin’ down at

the pasture gate at dark an’ the moon

will be up afore long."


Long after all good citizens were in

bed and asleep that night, several

skulking ﬁgures could be discerned in

the dim moonlight congregated in the


jack-o’-lanterns?” he in-


broad white road in front of the Har-,


iington farm. Two of the band sep-

arated themselves from their compan-

ions and, slipping through the hedge,

were soon lost in the darkness of the

shady lawn. The rest of the boys


waited in silence until these two

scouts again appeared in the moon-

light.


"Everything’s quiet," whispered


John Whitney. “We listened under


THE MICHIGAN FA'RMER'.


the window an’ we could hear him‘ a

snorin’ like a. traction engine. Itold

you he couldn’t stay awake if he

thought Gabriel was a comin’.”


“All ready, then, boys,” Frank gave

the word. “All work as quick and as

quiet as you can,” and the procession

strung out down the road and soon

each one was slipping a rail from the

fence that wriggled along in front of

the Harrington home.


Frank paused with a rail, over his

shoulder and motioned the rest to his

side.


“Boys,” he whispered cautiously,

“let’s do a good deed tonight as well

as having our fun. The Widow John-

son that’s just moved on the Kelly

farm ain’t got no stove wood at all.

S’pose we just pile these rails down

there in her wood yard. Old Jonas

don’t need ’em, he’s got no end 0’

wood corded up out back there now,

an’ she’ll never know where they

came from an’ he’ll never have en-

ergy enough to git out an’hunt ’em.

He thinks it’s the Cross Roads boys

that took ’em.”


This suggestion pleased the boys

wonderfully and in the dim light of

the waning moon these silent prowl-

ers carried rail after rail until, when

the sun rose next morning it shone


iipon ”only the ‘zigzag trail Of ragweed


and dock, disclosing the former path

of the old rail fence.


Jonas slept on, peacefully unaware

of the success of his plot. He was

suddenly awakened from his dreaming

by the voice of his wife, who rushed

into the room, breathless with excite-

ment.


“Jonas.” She shook him into ~a

state of consciousness. “Don’t you

know, the boys tore down our fence

last night.”


“What fence?” he mumbled sleepily.


“The rail fence out in front.”


“What boys?"


“I don’t know what boys. Last

night was hallowe’en you know, an’

they’s no te-llin’ who it was.”


“You say it was.” He smiled in his

pillow.


“But, Jonas, they’ve carried the

rails off,” she complained as she in-

vestigated further. “Get up there this

minute an’ seewhere they are. Iwas

goin’ to have you split ’em all up this

fall. They’d made ﬁne wood. An’

now they’s no tellin’ where they are.”


“Thank the Lord,” responded Jonas

fervently as he turned over and pull-

ed the cover up around his neck. “If

they’ve only hid ’em where she’ll nev-

er ﬁnd ’em.”


"lIHHillIllllliiilHHHIHIIHHHIIHiiiiIllillliHilllilllliiilllllillllliiHlliiiI|lllilllIii!“l|Illllillliii“IillHillillliliilillllliiilllllliilllllllillllll“|||||ill“IHHHIllliilllllilllill|lliilllillHilllillllililllllllillllilIIISHIIHIIL‘E


Winston of the Prairie


Copyrighted by Frederick A. Stokes Company.


BY HAROLD BINDLOSS. g


is“: ilIllllIlIlI|llIiilllllillilllilillllllilllllllllllilllllliilllllliiiillliilllIIillliillllliillliiiiiiillliiilll”HillllilllllilillllIIlililiilIIIiiliilillliilliilillilililliillHillIllllliHliliiilllilillllilllilllililllIllIIiliIll!)Iiilliiillliiliiiliﬁ

Synopsis of'Previous Chapters.

Farmer Winston, having failed as a homesteader and driven to despera-


tion, accepts a proposal to simulate Lance


Courthorne, an adventurer;


through the consummation of which Courthorne and his pals, after astrug-

gle with the police, during which Trooper Shannon is killed by Courthorne,

who leaves evidence pointing to Winston as the murderer, are able to


smuggle through some illegal distillery products.


The scene shifts to Sil~


verdale, a settlement founded by Colonel Barrington, to which Maud Bar-

rington, his niece and ward, has just returned after a visit to Montreal.

Her questions elicit the information that the Colonel is worried over a.

fall in wheat prices, especially in the face of his advice to her to hold her

share of that commodity; and also over the coming advent of Lance Court-

horne, Miss Barrington’s cousin, to Silverdale to claim his share of his


father’s estate.

past.


Maud Barrington learns more of her

Winston, in the meantime, pushes on to Montana, is held for Court-


cousin’s unsavory


home by an ofﬁcer of the government patrol, who discloses to him the

belief on the part of the police that Winston is the murderer of Shannon.


CHAPTER VII—(Concluded).


They sat down to a meal that was

barbaric in its simplicity and abund-

ance, for men live and eat in Homeric

fashion in the Northwest, and when

the green tea was ﬁnished and the

ofﬁcer pushed the whisky across, his

guest laughed as he ﬁlled his glass.


“Here’s better fortune to farmer

Winston!" he said.


The ofﬁcer stared at him. “No,

sir,” he said. “If the old folks taught

me right, Winston’s in—"


A curious smile ﬂickered in the far-

mer’s eyes. “No,” he said, slowly.

“He was tolerably near it once or

twice when he was alive, and, be-

cause of what he went through then,

there may be something better in

store for him.”


His companion appeared astonished,

but said nothing further until he

brought out the cards. They played

for an hour beside the snapping stove,

and then, when Winston ﬂung a trump

away, the officer groaned.


“I guess,” he said disgustedly,

“you’re not well tonight or something

is worrying you.” i


Winston looked up with a little

twinkle in his eyes. “I don’t know

that there’s very much wrong with

me.”


“Then,” said the ofﬁcer decisively,

“if the boys down at Regent know

enough to remember what trumps are,

you’re not Lance Courthorne. Now,

after what I’d heard of you, I’d have

put up ﬁfty dollars for the pleasure of

watching your game—and it’s not

worth ten cents when I've seen it.”


Winston laughed, “Sit down and

talk,’ he said. “One isn’t always in

his usual form, and there are folks

who get famous eaSily.”


They talked until nearly midnight,

sitting close to the stove, while a dole-

ful wind that moaned without drove


the dust of snow pattering against the

windows, and the shadows grew dark~

er in the corners of the great log-

walled room each time the icy

draughts set the lamp ﬂickering. Then

the ofﬁcer, rising, expressed the feel-

ings of his guest as he said, “It’s a

forsaken country, and I’m thankful

one' can sleep and forget it.”


He had, however, an honorable call-

ing, and a welcome from friend and

kinsman awaiting him when he went

east again, to revel in the life of the

cities, but the man who followed him

silently to the sleeping-room had noth-

ing but a half-instinctive assurance

that the future could not well be hard-

er or more lonely than the past had

been. Still, farmer Winston was a

man of courage with a quiet belief in

himself, and in ten minutes he was

fast asleep.


When he came down to breakfast

his host was already seated with a

bundle of letters before him, and one

addressed to Courthorne lay unopen-

ed by Winston’s plate. The ofﬁcer

nodded when he saw him.


“The trooper has come in with the

mail, and your friends in Canada are

not going to worry you,” he said.

“Now, if you feel like staying here a

few days, it would be a favor to me.”


Winston had in the meanwhile op-

ened the envelope. He knew that

wheii once the decision was made,

there could only be peril in half-meas-

ures, and his eyes grew thoughtful as

he read. The letter had been written

by a Winnipeg lawyer from a little

town not very far away, and request-

ed Courthorne to meet and confer

with him respecting certain sugges-

tions made by a Colonel Barrington.

Winston decided to take the risk.


“I’m sorry, but I have got to go into

Annerly at once,” he said.


"Then,” said the ofﬁcer, "‘I’ll drive.


you. I’ve got some stores to set down

there.” ‘


They started after breakfast, but it-


was dusk next day when they reached

the little town, and Winston walked

quietly into a private room of the

wooden hotel, where a middle-aged

man with a shrewd face sat waiting

him. The big nickeled lamp ﬂickered

in the draughts that found their way

in, and Winston was glad of it, though

he was outwardly very collected. The

stuborn patience and self-control with

which he had faced the loss of his

wheat crops and frozen stock stood

him in good stead now. He fancied

the lawyer seemed a trifle astonished

at his appearance, and sat down won<

dering whether he had previously

spoken to Courthorne, until the ques‘

tion was answered for him.


“Although I have never had the

pleasure of meeting you before, Ihave

acted as Colonel Barrington’s legal ad-

viser ever since he settled at Silver-

dale, and am, therefore, well posted

as to his affairs, which are, of course,

connected with those of your own fam-

ily,” said the lawyer. “We can ac‘

cordingly talk with greater freedom,

and I hope without theacerbity which

in your recent communications some-

what annoyed the Colonel.”


“Well,” said Winston, who had nev-

er heard of Colonel Barrington, “I am

ready to listen.”


The lawyer drummed on the table.

“It might be best to come to the point

at once,” he said. “Colonel Barring

ton does 'not deem it convenient that

you should settle at Silverdale, and

would be prepared to offer you a rea-

sonable sum to relinquish your claim."


“My claim?” said Winston, who re-

membered having heard of the Silver-

dale colony which lay several hundred

miles away.


“Of course,” said the lawyer. “The

legacy lately left you by Roger Court-

home. I have brought you a schedule

of the wheat in store, and amounts

due to you on various sales made.

You will also ﬁnd the acreage, stock,

and implements detailed at a well-

known appraiser’s

you could, of course, conﬁrm, and Col-

onel Barrington would hand you a

check for half the total now. He, how-

ever, asks four years to pay the bal-

ance in, which would carry bank in-

terest in the meanwhile.”


Winston, who was glad of the ex-

cuse, spent at least ten minutes study-

ing the paper, and realized that it re-

ferred to a large and well-appointed

farm, though it occurred to him that


(Continued on page 356).


HARVEST TIME.


BY J. A. KAISER.


’Tis harvest time: ripe are the ﬁelds

of wheat:

The heads hang heavy ’neath the

weight of grain——

A waving, nodding mass of gold, re-


p etc

And goodly to behold, o’er hill and

plain.


’Tis harvest time; the quail calls to

her young,

And half-grown rabbits, through the

summer day,

Lie hid the thicket

among,

Or startled by the reaper,

away.


of the grain


dart


Along the fence the alders Ere in

bloom,

And berries ripen in the summer


sun,

And tasseling corn in rustling ﬁelds

doth loom

Above the hedge and fence of green

and dun.


At early morn the farmer goes aﬁeld

And ’neath the burning sun, ’mid

, sweat and grime,

He reaps the riches that the soil doth

yield—


The well-earned bounty of the har-


vest time.

’Tis harvest time in life for you and


me,

And as we toil and sweat o’er» hill

and plain,

Let not the weeds and chaff our har-

vest be,

But well-ﬁlled sheaves of ripened,

golden grain.


valuation, which '
'ocr.‘24,=»*1914.r it. rt;


A Ha‘llowe’cn Frolic

BY JANET THOMAS VAN OSDEL.


ALLOWE’EN parties are always

H successful, for who could be


stiff at a joyful frolic? And

what but stiffness could keep a crowd

of young people from having a good

time? But Judith Pace’s Hallowe’en

party last year was such an unusually

sociable affair that others may wish

to take some hints from it.


Judith had never given a party, she

was a com’partively new girl in the

neighborhood and she had little mon-

ey. But she was working in almost

virgin territory so far as her kind of

party was concerned for thus far the

only social entertainment the young

people of Kims’ Corners had enjoyed

were “surprises” (which never sur-

prised anyone) to which each girl

brought a cake or sandwiches or pick-

les and each boy brought a girl. Ar-

rived at their destination the young

people ranged themselves around the

wall, the girls on one side, the boys

on the other, looked bashful until lat-

er on when the games were started.

The games consisted of postoﬂice,

clap-in and clap-out, lead man, and

others of that style. Judith had at-

tended several of these affairs. She

hated kissing games and she- didn’t

see why a jolly, good time could not

be had without them. So she decided

to try it out at a Hallowe’en affair.


Instead of telephoning a couple of

days before the evening she had set,

Judith sent around her invitations two


.weeks ahead. Judith isn’t much of an


artist, but she managed to cut paper

pumpkins out of a sheet of yellow pa-

per and with black ink she pictured

on these goo-goo eyes and immense

mouths ﬁlled with a row of saw teeth.

On the reverse side of these jac-o’-

lantern faces she wrote the following:


“This month, on the thirty-ﬁrst night,

Soon after early candle light,


Take the road that leads to Paces

Till you meet two grinning faces,

Pass between them, then go a rod,

And there you stop till time to nod.”


The grinning faces were two jack-

o’-lanterns, one placed on each of'the

driveway posts at the entrance to the

Pace farm. A triﬂe more than a rod

from this is the Pace barn and here

at the barn door two more grinning

faces lighted the guests, for the frolic

was to be on the barn ﬂoor. The

barn was dimly lit with jack-o’-lan-

terns. _ The dim light showed two gro-

tesque ﬁgures at the doorway (Judith

and her brother, draped in white with

paper bags cut into masks for their


heads), which extended clammy hands ‘

‘(kid gloves ﬁlled with wet sand) to


welcome the guests, meantime mut-

tering in guttural tones, “As we are

now, you soon will be.” This caused

such shrieks and screams and delight-

ful shivers that there wasn’t any ice

left to break, for it set everybody

talking to everybody else. As soon as

the guests had received their greeting

a little hobgoblin (Judith’s little broth-

er dressed in one of his white' ﬂannel-

ette sleeping suits, made with feet and

hood. attached, and wearing a White

mask) popped in front of them and

led them to a table on which were

two piles of paper bags. The bags

were of two sizes and each one bore

the date of some month in the corner.

To each girl the hobgoblin presented

one of the smaller sacks and to each

boy one of the larger, while he chant-

ed in funny, high-pitched voice:

“To ﬁnd your fate

Just match the date

Writ on the bag.

Haste! Do not lag!”

This caused a quick scurrying for

partners and by the time the last


guests had arrived all the others had'


drawn partners by the dates on the

paper bags.


Then a light was turned on to il-

luminate one corner of the barn and

the guests were instructed that each

was to make for his or her partner a

mask from the paper bag. Ten min-

utes was allowed for the task, which

was made easy by the scissors, string


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and soft crayon that were provided.

Eyes, mouth, nose and sometimesrears

were cut out, heavy eyebrows arched

in all sorts of impossible ways, whisk-

ers, bangs and so on, added with the

crayon and- in some cases the corners

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laughter. But they laughed still more

when the apple contest began.


By means of a darning needle new

twine had been run through big red

apples and the apples were suspend-

ed from a rafter. There were ten of

these apples. Groups of ten, with

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given ﬁve minutes in which to take a

bite out of the apples. Out of thirty-

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Then came the fortunes. As soon

as the apple contest was ended the

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TO SELL NURSEQV STOCx.

.3 coin! inducements for quick


I g


Mingle, mingle, mingle,

You that may.”

As the guests gathered ’Iound her


she stooped eveiy now and then and

lpicked up a piece of paper from the

Ilkettle and handed it to the nearest

one. On each slip was written some

quotation (a number from Shakes-

peare and the Proverbs) which might

happen to ﬁt anyone. A number prov-

ed so “pat” as to seem almost uncan-

ny. For instance, there was Jacob

Buck who all his life had been noted

for the ill luck that came his way

until the previous week when he had

fallen heir to a goodly sum of money.

His slip read, “It’s a long lane that

has no turning." The belle of the dis-

trict drew


“She’s beautiful;


wooed;


She is a woman; therefore to be won.”

A woman in the forties who was al-


ways the jolliest of the crowd re-

ceived


“Age cannot wither her nor custom

stale

Her inﬁnite variety.”

The young man who aimed to be


the Beau Brummel of the countryside

knows there is truth in the witche’s

cauldron, since he drew


“The glass of fashion and the mould

of form

The observed of all observers.”


Of course, the quotations were not

all so apt, but on the whole a deal of

merriment was stirred up by the

witch.


Then the masks were removed and

the refreshments served. Judith and

her mother do all the werk them-

selves so they couldn’t bake a num-

ber of cakes for such a crowd of peo-

ple, and besides Judith knew that ev-

ery other party had piles of cakes, so

she didn’t want them at hers. Instead

she had baked six dozen rolls, eight

loaves of brown bread and eight doz-

en doughnuts. Then she had baked

two big crocks of beans, regular Bos-

ton style, for twenty-four hours. Her

father had promised her a cask of the

sweetest cider every drawn, and he

was true to his promise. About eleven

o’clock the beans were brought out to

the barn and set on a table, the rolls,

sliced brown bread, butter and dough-

nuts set beside them. Then came a

pile of plates, cups, glasses, knives,

forks and paper napkins. The cask

of cider was rolled in and a big pot

of steaming coffee and a pitcher of

cream appeared. Then the guests


and therefore to be


action. Pa: weekly. erry Nurseries. lioohoster.N. Y.


were told to help themselves and they


did, squatting. on the ﬂoor .or perch-

ed wherever they could ﬂnd a conven-

ient spot, while they ate. Well, no

one was dull for a single second that

evening and they still talk of Judith's

party.


Incidentally, the kissing games have

disappeared from the gatherings in

that neighborhood, which goes to

show how readily young people will

take to a safe, jolly way of spending

their evenings once they are shown

how.


WINSTON OF THE PRAIRIE.


(Continued from page 354).

the crop was a good deal smaller than

it should have been. He noticed this

as it were, instinctively, for his brain

was otherwise very busy.

“Colonel Barrington seems some-

what anxious to get rid of me,” he


said. “You see, this land is mine. by

right.”

“Yes," said the lawyer. “Colonel


Barrington does not dispute it, though

lam of the opinion that he might

have done so under one clause of the

will. I do not think we need discuss

his motives.”


Winston moistened his lips with his

tongue, and his lips quivercd a little.

He had hitherto been an honest man,

and now it,-was impossible for him to

take the money. It, however, appear-

ed equally impossible to reveal his

identity and escape the halter, and he

felt that the dead man had wronged

him horribly. He was entitled to

safety by way of compensation, for by

passing as Courthorne he would avoid

recognition as Winston.


“Still I do not know how I have

offended Colonel Barrington,” he said.


“I would sooner,” said the lawyer,

“not go into that. It is, i fancy. ﬁf-

teen years since Colonel Barrington

saw you, but he desired me to ﬁnd

means of tracing your Canadian rec-

ord, and did not seem pleased with it.

Nor, at the risk of offending you,

could I deem him unduly prejudiced.”


“In fact,” said Winston dryly, “this

man who has not seen me for ﬁfteen

years is desirous of withholding what

is mine from me at almost any cost.”


The lawyer nodded. “There is noth-

ing to be gained by endeavoring to

controvert it. Colonel Barrington is

also, as you know. a semewhat deter-

mined gentleman.”


Winston laughed, for he was essen-

tially a stuborn man, and felt little

kindness towards any one connected

with Courthorne, as the Colonel evi-

dently was.


“I fancy I am not entirely unlike

him in that respect,” he said. “What

you have told me makes me the more

determined to follow my own inclina-

tion. Is there anyone else at Silver-

dale prejudiced against me?”


The lawyer fell into the trap. “Miss

Barrington, of course, takes her broth—

er’s View, and her niece would scarce-

ly go counter to them. She must

have been a very young girl when she

last saw you, but from what I know

of her character I should expect her

to support the Colonel.”


“Well," said Winston, “i want to

think over the thing. We will talk

again tomorrow. You would require

me to establish my identity, anyway?”


“The fact that a famous inquiry

agent has traced your movements

down to a week or two ago, and told

me where to ﬁnd you, will render that

simple,” said the lawyer dryly.


Winston sat up late that night turn-

ing over the papers the lawyer left

him, and thinking hard. It was evi-

dent that in the meanwhile he must

pass as Courthorne, but as the

thought of taking the money revolted

him, the next step led to the occupa-

tion of the dead man’s property. The

assumption of it would apparently do

nobody a wrong, while he felt that

Courthorne had taken so much from

him that the farm at Silverdale would

be a very small reparation. It was

not, he saw, a great inheritance. but


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and try on a No. 4130

Clothcraft Blue Serge

Special. It expresses

everything we can offer

you in real value at


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And while you’re at it,

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tone that in the right hands could be


”made ’_ ‘prOﬂ'table, and“ Winston,“ who

had fought a- plucky ﬁght with obso-

lete and worthless implements and in-

diﬂerent teams, felt that he could do

a great deal with what was, as, it

were, thrust upon him at Silverdale.

' It was not avarice that tempted him,

though he knew he was tempted now,

but a. longing to ﬁnd a fair outlet for

his energies, and show what, once

given the chance that most men had,

he could do. He had stinted himself

and toiled almost as a beast of bur-

den, but now he could use his brains

in place of wringing the last effort

out of overtaxed muscle. He had

also during the long struggle lost to

some extent his clearness of vision,

and only saw himself as a lonely man

ﬁghting for his own hand with fate

against him. Now, when prosperity

was offered him, it seemed but folly

to stand aside when he could stretch

out a strong hand and take it.


.During the last hour he sat almost

motionless, the issue hung in the bal-

ance, and he laid himself down still

undecided. Still, he had lived long in

primitive fashion in close touch with

the soil and sank, as most men would

not have done, into restful sleep. The

sun hung red above the rim of the

prairie when he awakened, and going

down to breakfast found the lawyer

waiting for him.


“You can tell Colonel Barrington

I’m coming to Silverdale," he said.


The lawyer looked at him curiously.

“Would there be any use in asking

you to reconsider?”


Winston laughed. “No,’ he said.

“Now, I rather like the way you talk-

ed to me, and if it wouldn’t be dis-

loyalty to the Colonel, I should be

pleased if you would undertake to put

me in due possession of my property.”


.He said nothing further, and the

lawyer sat down to write Colonel Bar-

rington.


“Mr. Courthorne proves obdurate.”

he said. “He is, however, by no means

the type of man I expected to ﬁnd,

and I venture to surmise that you will

eventually discover him to be a less

undesirable addition to Silverdale than

you are at present inclined to fancy.”


CHAPTER VIII.


Winston Comes to Silverdale.


HERE was warmth and bright-


ness in the cedar-boarded gener-


al room of Silverdale Grange

and most of the company gathered

there basked in it contentedly after

their drive through the bitter night.

Those who came from the homesteads

lying farthest out had risked frost-

nipped hands and feet, for when Col-

onel Barrington had held a levee at

the Grange nobody felt equal to refus-

ing his invitation. Neither scorching

heat nor utter cold might excuse com-

pliance with the wishes of the founder

of Silverdale, and it was not until

Dane, the big middle-aged bachelor,

had spoken very plainly, that he con-

sented to receive his guests in time

of biting frost, dressed otherwise than

as they would have appeared in

England.


Dane was the one man in the set.

tlement who dare remonstrate with its

ruler, but it was a painful astonish-

ment to the latter when he said in an-

swer to one invitation, “I have never

been frost-bitten, sir, and I stand the

cold well but one or two of the lads

are wea in the chest, and this cli-

mate was never intended for bare-

shouldered women. Hence, if I come

I shall dress myself to suit it.”


Colonel Barrington stared at him for

almost a minute, and then shook his

head. “Have it your own way," he

said. “Understand that in itself I care

very little for dress, but it is only by,

holding fast to every traditional nice-

ty we can prevent ourselves sinking

into western barbarism, and I am hor-

ribly afraid of the thin end of the

wedge.” .


Dane having gained his point said

nothing further, for he was one of the


tiliTiﬂ’iEi :M I C‘H'TGA N?"'F A RM E R 7 ' . {7


Wise and silent men who know when .


to stop, and that evening he sat in a

corner watching his leader thought-

fully, for there was anxiety in the Col-

onel’s face. Barrington sat silent near

the ample hearth whose heat would

scarcely have kept water from freez-

ing but for the big stove, and disdain-

ing the dispensation made his guests,

he was ,clad conventionally, though

the smooth black fabric clung about

him more tightly than it had once

been intended to do. His sister stood,

with the stamp of a not wholly van-

ished beauty still clinging to her gen-

tle face, talking to one or two matrons

from outlying farms, and his niece by

a little table turning over eastern pho-

tographs with a few young girls. She,

too, wore black in deference to the

Colonel’s taste, which was somber,

and the garment she had laughed at

as a compromise left uncovered a nar-

row strip of ivory shoulder and en-

hanced the polished whiteness of her

neck. A slender string of pearls

gleamed softly on the satiny skin, but

Maud Barrington wore no other adorn-

ment. and did not need it. She had

inherited the Courthorne comeliness,

and the Barringtons she sprang from

on her father's side had always borne

the stamp of distinction.


A young girl sat at the piano sing-

ing in a thin reedy voice, while an

English lad waited with the ill-con-

cealed jealousy of a too officious com-

panion to turn over the music by her

side. Other men, mostly young, with

weather-bronzed faces, picturesque in

embroidered deerskin or velvet lounge

jackets, were scattered about the

room, and all were waiting for the

eight o’clock dinner, which replaced

the usual prairie supper at Silverdale.

They were growers of wheat who

combined a good deal of amusement

with a little, not very proﬁtable, farma

ing, and most of them possessed a

large share of insular English pride

and a somewhat depleted exchequer.


Presently Dane crossed over, and


sat down by Colonel Barrington. “You

are silent, sir, and not looking very

well tonight,” he said.


Barrington nodded gravely, for he

had a respect for the one man who

occasionally spoke plain truth to him.

“The fact is, I’m growing old.” he

said, and then added, with what was

only an apparent lack of connection,

“Wheat is down three cents, and mon-

ey tighter than ever.”


Dane looked thoughtful, and noticed

the older man’s glance in his niece’s

direction, as he said, “I am afraid

there are diﬂicult times before us.”


(Continued next week).


LACK OF FEAR AMONG BIRDS.


BY ORIN E. CROOKER.


Birds in the deep wilderness often

show little or no fear of men. Mr.

John K. Lord, naturalist of the British

division of the Northwest Boundary

Survey, has told of a pair of barn

swallows which visited his camp in

British Columbia. A small shanty

built of poles was in constant use as

a blacksmith shop. The birds chose

a nesting site directly over the anvil

and paid no attention to the swinging

hammer, the showers of spar-ks or the

constant noise. Mr. Lord relates that

be frequently stood on the anvil when

it was not in use and watched the

birds build their nest—so near that

their feathers often brushed his 'face.

The swallows reared their brood in

this nest, seemnigly as unconcerned

as though the shed had been occupied

by cattle.


The same naturalist also tells of

the fondness for human society ex-

hibited by the Alaskan Gray Jay. The

Alaskan Indians never have harmed

the bird and it shows perfect absence

of fear of men. In cold weather Mr.

Lord has seen it hop to a place near

the camp ﬁre, ruffle its feathers and

warm itself without evidently giving

any concern to those who busied

themselves in the immediate vicinity.


‘31 l l ‘ ‘ . _ ,l} (/. It ,

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Fair Play in Telephone


been tried by the government-

ow'ned systems and have so

restricted the use of the tele-

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The great majority of Bell

subscribers actually pay less

than the average rate. There are

a few who use the telephone

in their business for their proﬁt

who pay according to their

use, establishing an aVerage

rate higher than that paid by

the majority of the subscribers.


To make a uniform rate

would be increasing the price

to the many for the beneﬁt of

the few.


All may have the service

they require, at a price which is

fair and reasonable for the use

each makes of the telephone.


These are reasons why the

United States has the cheapest

and most efﬁcient service and

the largest number of tele-

phones in the world.


T is human nature to resent


paying more than any one

else and to demand cheap

telephone service regardless

of the cost of providing it.


But service at a uniform rate

wouldn’t be cheap.


it would simply mean that

those making a few calls a day

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handling hundreds of calls.


That wouldn’t be fair, would


it? No more so than that you

should pay the same charge

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To be of the greatest useful-

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reach every home, ofﬁce and

business place. To put it there,

rates must be so graded that

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kind of service he requires, at

a rate he can easily afford.


Abroad, uniform rates have

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15* THE MICHIGAN FA'RMER


5‘1.» our. 24. 193.11.];


First Helps to Beauty.


EMININE readers of this depart-

ment have frequently complained

biterly to my face and behind my


back that I am always lecturing the

women and never saying anything to

the men, that I always take the man’s

viewpoint, and never throw the

searchlight on his failings. There is

an old saying that it takes a thief to

catch a thief, and that is my sole ex-

cuse for playing up the weaknesses of

womankind. Being a woman myself

I know my own shortcomings, and

those of my sex, better than any oth—

er subject, hence my unwelcome ad-

monitions to woman to mend her

ways.


However, husbands have their fail-

ings, and a cheery country friend of

mine pointed out one common one re-

cently, their total blindness to work

they might do about the house with-

out in any way lowering their mascu-

line dignity. She’s a very practical

person, this woman, as you will see.

It was just after the morning meal

and her husband had stopped to kiss

her as he left the house.


“Kisses are all very well,” she re-

marked calmly, “but I’d rather you’d

show your love for me by carrying

out that swill pail. And don’t forget

that the woodbox is empty, and I’ll

need at least four pails of water this

morning, probably ﬁve or six.”


“It’s bad policy to talk about family

jars,” she said as, after her husband

had departed, “but as this one has

ceased to rankle, I’m going to tell you.

It may help straighten out some oth-

er domestic tangles. Do you remem-

ber how thin and cranky I used to be?

Always scolding and always tired.”

She glanced complacently at her

plump form, reﬂected in the mirror.

“Oh, yes, I was. You needn’t be po-

lite and say I wasn’t. I was always

nagging. More than that, I was

jealous ”


“We had a neighbor then who was

plump and pretty and smiley and al-

ways ready for a good time, and Fred

used to think she was about right. So

she was,” added my friend honestly,

“though I wouldn’t admit it then. I

didn’t like Fred’s open admiration,

though I never said anything. One

morning when I was particularly tired

and cross, he said jokingly:


“‘What’s the reason you can’t be


pretty and good—natured like Mrs.

Smith? She isn’t scolding all the

time. You used to be pretty, too, but


you’ve got thin and wrinkled and you

never give a fellow a decent word.’


“I had just picked up a. heavy swill

pail to carry out doors, and I put it

down right where I stood, and explod-

ed. ‘Why am I not pretty and good-

natured?’ I repeated, ‘Why are you a

great big lazy loafer, sitting around

while your wife feeds your hogs and

carries in wood and water? Mr. Smith

empties the swill pails for his wife.

He carries in all the water and ﬁlls

the woodbox and takes care of the

hens, and churns and runs the wash-

ing machine and does all the dishes

on Sunday. Any woman could be pret-

ty if she wasn’t worked to death and

had time to friz her hair and powder

up ever yday. You carry out that

pail and ﬁll the reservoir and go out

and split that wood you’re leaving for

me, and I’ll go to my room and dress

up.’


“And that’s exactly what I did. I

slammed out of the kitchen and into

my bedroom and spent one Whom

hour combing my hair in different


ways and rubbing my cheeks with a.

piece of bath towel to try to get them

pink. When I went out Fred had fed

the hogs but he had not brought in

either wood or water, so I left the

dishes and went back to look over my

clothes and see if I could ﬁx them

over so they’d look more like-Mrs.

Smith’s. When the men came up to

dinner the kitchen and dining-room

were exactly as they left them in the

morning. Fred was in an awful rage.


“‘What’s the matter here?’ he de-

manded, ‘Why isn’t dinner ready?’


“‘I can’t work without wood and

water,’ I replied,” ‘And besides, I’ve

been so busy studying up how to be

pretty like Mrs. Smith I haven’t had

time for cooking.’


“The hired man grinned and bolted

for the woodpile, and Fred took two

pails and started for the well. I took

my time about getting dinner. Believe

me, I didn’t hurry and get excited and

cross. I was just as slow as I could

be and as icily sweet as ice cream.

Fred wasn’t sweet, though, he was too

mad to see the joke, but the hired

man had a ﬁne time.


“The next morning Fred started out

as usual without doing one thing.

. “ ‘Don’t forget I’ve got to have time

to make myself pretty and agreeable,’

I reminded him. So that morning he


that there was wood and

He


saw to if

water enough for the morning.

was some time learning his lesson,

though, and there were several late

meals before he got broken to the


new scheme of doing things. But I

stood by my guns, and most of the

time kept from nagging, though I did

fall by the wayside on occasions. You

see the result. I’ve put on 20 pounds

of ﬂesh, and I can really smile with-

out an effort. I never lift a pail of

water nor empty a tub nor carry in

even a chip, and Fred turns all the

mattresses and has discovered that he

can give me an hour every washday

for running the washing machine just

as well as not. Last week I over-

heard him telling one of the neigh-

bors that any man who let his Wife

carry in wood or water should be

drummed out of the community. He

has completely forgotten that for ten

years I was the ofﬁcial burden bearer

for this family.


“Husbands are all right when they


are properly trained,” she concluded.


reﬂectively. “Men boast that they are

the stronger sex, and we women need

protection and shelter, and then most

of them take off their boots and toast

their feet by the ﬁres we’ve built and

kept going. If they are the stronger,

which I’m willing to grant, let them

use some of their strength in saving

us steps and back aches. A heaped-

up woodbox would mean more to most

wives than any number of kisses.”

DEBORAH.


llllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllIllllllllIllIlllll|llllllIllllllllllllllIIllllllilllIIllllIHllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllHlllll|lllHI|llllllIlllll|lllllIlllllIllllllllllllllllll|llIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIHIHIllllllllllllllllllllllllllll


October in thc'Garden—ByL- H- 0033.


CTOBER is the month of chilly


nights, ﬁne tea-rose blooms, ﬁrst


frosts, and apple picking. We

are apt to be giving more attention to

our winter supplies than we are to

the future of our ﬂower or vegetable

garden. We had better remember

them, though, for a lot of our success

next season depends on it.


If you are going to plant any peon-

ies this year now is the time to do it,

for early in the fall is the best time

for them. Peonies have become so

popular of recent years that no gar-

den is considered complete without

them. No ﬂower is more satisfactory

in the farm garden. Our grandmoth-

ers lover the “pineys” and had their

great clumps of the plain colors. Now

we have so many shades and forms

that it is hard to make a selection,

and yet the old-fashioned double

whites, pinks, and reds are almost as

pretty as the prettiest. We ha‘Ve ear-

lies and lates now that extend the

blooming season considerably, so we

can have the great blooms up to the

ﬁrst of June. If you do not know

enough about the varieties you can

safely leave the selection to the ﬂorist

if you buy of a reliable concern. Tell

them just What you want in the way

of colors in general, and whether you

want all very double or assorted in

this respect. Some of the prettiest

ﬂowers I ever saw were almost single,

with heavy outside petals and a mass

of ﬁnely cut petals toward the center.


Hyacinths, tulips, narcissus and jon-

quil bulbs,

ﬂowering bulbs of less importance

should be planted now so they can

begin rooting before freezing weather.

These bulbs root all Winter whenever

the ground is not frozen, and the ﬂow-

ers are much prettier if they can have

a good long rooting season.

rains have put the ground in ﬁne

shape, and you will not be disap-

pointed in the results. For cemetery


and many other spring.


The fall .


planting nothing can equal these

bulbs. They are hardy and sure to

bloom freely. It is hard to get ﬂow-

ers to bloom in the cemetery as a.

usual thing, but I have had no trouble

with bulbs.


If some of your tuberoses have not

bloomed you can take them up now

and pot them for blooming in the

house in winter. If you do not want

to have them blooming in the house

you can dig them after the frost has

killed the tops and dry them well and

put away until spring. Tuberose bulbs

are very susceptible to frost, and if

the hearts are injured they will not

bloom.


Cut back the geraniums until there

are no long soft growths. The short

stubby shoots should be left, and as

many leaves as possible on them, but

long soft canes will not break well,

and there will not be an even growth.

These plants should bloom well to-

ward spring if not kept too dark.

They make the very best summer

bloomers for next year, especially if

kept pretty dry and allowed to be-

come almost dormant.


Often there are some nice compact

annual plants that will make good

bloomers for the Window in winter.

Iicotiana, snap-dragon, verbena, ager-

atu, petunia, pinks of various sorts,

and almost any other plant that you

like can be taken up and potted if it

is done carefully. Mignonette is very

hard to transplant and the tops must

be cut back some and the roots kept

as whole as possible.


Late in the fall is a. good time to

sow the seeds of such hardy vegeta-

bles as you want to start early in the

spring, but they should be sown so

late there will be no danger of their

starting this fall. Radishes, lettuce,

mustard, spinach, and set onions may

be thus planted, and if the onions or

spinach do start they will not be like-

ly to be injured by the winter. I have


ll
W‘leigif " '


had onions grow all winter, and make

a ﬁne lot of smallbulbs for early use

long before ' those planted in the

spring were " ready.“ Parsley can be

sown thus also, but is not so apt to

succeed as it is so slow to grow and

the seed is more easily destroyed.


If the garden is so it can be done

conveniently it is a good plan to sow

a cover crop for the winter. Rye is a

good crop for this purpose and the

green growth plowed under in the

spring will beneﬁt the soil. If you

can pasture it by turning your hens

upon it it will help ﬁll the egg basket.


There is no better time to make out

your order for such fruit trees and

plants as you will need, for you have

it in mind now. It is a good time to

plant them just before it freezes up,

and you will need to get your order

out now to have the stock ready. Even

if you do not plant until spring it is

best to get the trees in the fall and

heel them in good and "have them

ready to plant just when you can do

the work best. If you order for spring

delivery your stock is stored in cel-

lars and shipped so early that there is

grave danger of having them frozen

on the way. Freezing is of little dam-

age if they are thawed out right, but

if thawed quickly they will be ruined.

If you get trees frozen, either place

them in a cool place in the box until

thawed out and cover with moist soil.


The strawberry patch should have

a dressing of manure late in the fall,

and it should be fairly well rotted for

best results. The plants should not

be covered to any depth, but they may

be given a light strawy mulch after

the ground is frozen if it is thought

best, though it is seldom needed. A

thick mulch will smother them out.


THAT GASOLINE STOVE OF

YOURS.


BY LAUREL MAY HARRINGTON.


A gasoline stove is a boon to the

busy housewife, but it needs attention

at times. I have learned by experi-

ence that certain things help in keep-

ing it in order.


In the ﬁrst place the stove should

be kept well supplied with gasoline.

But if it should happen to burn dry,

do not ﬁll the tank with gasoline and

then shake the stove and blow in the

tank to get it to flow again. It is too

much trouble and takes too long. Just

unscrew the tank and ﬁll the pipe

with the gasoline, put the tank back

on and it is ready to light. You will

ﬁnd this a vast improvement over the

old way.


Then, if your stove gets so the

blaze is not bright and clear, and you

are beginning to think it is worn out

and you must throw it away, take off

the tank, remove the loose parts of

the stove, burners, etc., and tip the

stove upside down, letting the gaso-

line in the pipe run into an old pan.

You will be surprised at what you ﬁnd

in the pan, and wonder that your

stove burned at all. Turn on the gas-

oline and blow down the pipe to see if

all foreign substance is removed. If

it is, the gasoline will ﬂy up in the

air a foot or so when you blow down

the pipe. If it does not, tip the stove

upside again, letting the gasoline all

run out once more. I used to have a

great deal of trouble with my gaso-

line stove until I tried this way. Now

I give it this treatment every two or

three months and ﬁnd it pays. It is

well to take the stove out of doors

while performing the operation.


If the stove leaks around the tank,

scrape some laundry soap and apply.

If at the burners, just turn off the

gasoline, unscrew the part that you

turn on the gasoline with, and soap

thoroughly the end that screws Into

the burner.


Sometimes when the burners are

clogged the gasoline will ﬂow side-

ways when turned on. In that case

bend the point of a pin a quarter of


an inch and insert in the opening,‘


working it around in the burner. That

will help when other methods fail.


T‘HEV MICHIGAN ‘FA’R'ME‘R‘


CLOSE OF DAY. ‘


BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.


When the shades of night are falling

And the supper table’s spread,

From the barn with pails a-brimming

Father comes with weary tread,

Soon the separator’s humming

Starts a steady, snowy stream,

Foamy milk ﬂows out of one spout,

From another comes the cream.


When the separating’s ﬁnished

Father washes up for tea,

Draws his chair up to the table,

_Looks around at Jim and me

Sitting quiet in our places,

ungry as small boys can be.


Then comes mother with the supper,

Something good all smoking hot,

Baked potatoes and cream gravy,

Or spaghetti like as not,

Mother glances ’round the table,

Sees that nothing’s missing there,

And when everything is ready

Slips into her waiting chair.


After supper come the dishes,

Mother washing, Jim and I,


.Proudly waving each a towel,


Take great pains to Wipe them dry.


Then, while father reads the paper,

Mother helps us with our books,

’Ti/ll the lessons all are ended.

At the clock she takes a look,

“Bed-time, boys: be off,” she warns


us,

“Morning soon will come, you

know.”

“Good night, Dad, and good night,

Mother,”


Off upstairs we youngsters go.


THE HOARDING INSTINCT.


BY MR3. JEFF. DAVIS.


Most housekeepers suﬁer from a

disease that might be designated as

the “Hoarding Instinct.” Half of the

burdens of housekeeping come in do-

Ing the things we don’t need to do

and caring for things we don’t need

at all.


Start in the attic and go straight

down through your house to the cel-

lar, and with one desperate sweep rid

yourself of the multitude of things

you don’t need, at your next general

housecleaning. In so doing you will

experience a wonderful sense of free-

dom and relief. And, no doubt, the

very women who feel they are most

in need would have the most things

to throw away.


If you are in doubt about a thing,

whether to board or discard, do not

hesitate. In keeping there is likely to

be nothing but weariness, and the

things you discard may be actually

useful to someone else, may serve in-

stead of having to be served. So rid

your attic of everything that has out-

lived its usefulness to you. Take

what things you can and make them


'over into something you need or sell


them for what you can get or give

them away or burn them.


It makes most of us shudder every

time we think of cleaning our atticks.

If we would only move things out in-

stead of moving them around at

housecleaning time we would be much

wiser.


Let us remember it isn’t the doing

of the necessary things that wears

out the bodies and spirits of house-

keepers; it is the doing of .the Wholly

unnecessary things. We would all be

happier and less care burdened if we

refused to be enslaved by mere things.


HOME QUERIES.


Household Editorz—I should like to

ask if any 0f the readers ever canned

citron and would like to know how?

~—Mrs. W. M., Baroda.


Cut the citron in slices, remove the

green outer rind and cut the fruit in

small pieces, cover with cold water,

allowing a tablespoon of salt to each

quart, and let stand 24 hours. In the

morning rinse thoroughly and cook in

boiling water until transparent. Make

a syrup, allowing three-quarters of a

pound of sugar and a half cup of wa-

ter for every pound of fruit and cook

the citron in this until the pieces be-

gin to darken a little. Skim out the

citron and put in cans, boil the syrup

until it begins to thicken and pour

over the fruit.


15—359


WNW WARﬂINO CLDOKIU-

- PAT. APP. FOR.


IV - —'


FM [I J 'r 5 T I I

\f-L’.-,,___._.:_ -

K‘J


MAJEST


2C


Your cooking

13 so important


Good cooking helps the health and

happiness of your family. Surely you

should have a range that will enable you

to do your hast cooking.


l|


Majestic” makes good cooking easy. It is tainin unifom b k -

notmerely"somuchmctalputtogetherto hold Oven 5mm on tfpiﬁg Eiﬁﬁy‘ggggaﬁnﬁlﬁk

ﬁre"; each part is seientiﬂcally built to do its from; by frame-prevents buckling.


work just right. Made of malleable and char- . . .

coal iron,metals that resist rust and wear $138 Majest‘ic Yrovxdes perfect baking quail.

three times as long as ordinary range metals. ieftufegsthgf Syeoﬁlv‘ggmaﬁd ggofg‘fgﬁg‘ﬁg


All joints cold-riveted (no putty used)- a . . .

Ma' , ti . st i “-1101,“ th 11 | - . ranges. The little extra it costs is more than

“S “ ays t g e eat in main repaid by the years longer wear that it gives.


G t [A 15 gallon all copper reservoir heats water


. as quickly as akettle on astove top.Oven door


lowers onto heavy braces; oven rack stays

Malleable and Charcoal Iron,


level, under load, when pulled out. Reset-


'voirs ﬂush with stove top have aluminum lids.l

" PIN-EXTENSION WATER FRONT


The health and happiness of your whole lam~

ily is effected by the range you buy. Investi-

gate thoroughly. There is a Majestic dealer

in every county of 40 states: if you don’t know

the one near you, ask us, and get “Range

Comparison"explainingM-aiestic rangesiully.

Muestlc Mfg. C0,. Dept. 21 St. Louis, Mo.


DNMWG‘ Nunammo . .. _ m , - . _ . .,

none wares mu m omen (One quality — many styles and sizes, with or without

. . . ' -- . ,._ —-.:**—j—'E i -—- as


F , i


Egg


3


Remember the Name


Rouge Rex


(Meaning Red King, pronounced Rouzhe Rex)


It takes a good argument to sell a sub-

stitute for Rouge Rex Shoes to the man

who, having worn them, knows just what


he wants.

No. 471


is a shoe for the season. The stock

is a carefully selected tannage, tough

and serviceable. The leg is 12 inches

high, with full bellows tongue, and

two thicknesses of leather at the toe

clear to the sole, and then it has a

good heavy bot-

' tom such as

is needed at this time of the year. Ask your dealer for

them. Look for this trade-mark on the sole.


Write Dept. F for free descriptive book and

name of nearest merchant handling these shoes.


HIRTH - KRAUSE COMPANY


Hide to Shoe Tanner: and Shoe Manufacturer:


GRAND RAPIDS - MICHIGAN


(mg/mm! ' '


I

I. 2

'O, 2


’6,/


/

23,2222: 2:222.

////////17 // ’


/ 22/2 WW / ,

A new type of /


» heater! The one you must have


' for all—season comfort. Burns


hard or soft coal or wood. Built to answer


the big demand for a stove 112a! will burn


any/Ming. Note the long, oval ﬁrepot'with


double doors for big chunks and odd pieces.


. ECLIPSE


STOVES and RANGES


I

r


Write us for name of Eclipse dealer.

Ask him to explain the different features

2 which make the Eclipse stove or range


give you such splendid results. All styles

FREE 300“ for all kinds of fuel. Guaranteed to last. We will

Today also send free illustrated booklet.

' Eclipse Stove Company. Mansfield. Ohlo


2////////////////////i,’/,//////////2}/


\\\\\\\\\\\\\s§


\\

§\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.\\\\\\\\\\\\
THE MICHIGAN FARMER


OCT. 24, 1914.


360—16 "

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Farm Commerce. g

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Vital Needs in Apple Marketing.


GRICULTURAL education is be-

ing extended into the channels

of distribution and marketing.

These channels are being studied as

generally and more earnestly today

than are problems of production. Like

in the military campaign, it is import-

ant to know the strategic points to be

defended or attacked, so here those

affected must see clearly the prob-

lems that are to be solved in one way

or another.

We Have Too Many Standards.

'The ﬁrst great need is our apple

. marketing is uniform packing. We

are troubled today with too many

standards in the packing of this fruit.

Neither seller nor buyer is scarcely

ever certain that the classiﬁcation of

the fruit being considered is correct.

This makes dealing more or less of a

gamble, and naturally dealers will al-

ways take this into consideration in

tendering bids. Unless one has a per-

sonal reputation for proper grading

and packing, he must stiffer through

the general disrepute into which ap-

ple packing has fallen. ‘

The present situation is hopeful,

however, because of the attention be-

ing given to it by both the public and

private individuals. Our state and

federal governments have enacted

measures to encourage a more uni-

form apple pack. Everywhere are to

be seen efforts on the part of growers

and packers to improve their grades

and methods of putting up the fruit.

Then, too, the buying public is now

more discriminating in its demands,

and this is making necessary more

careful work by the growers.

Must Get Public Confidence.

It is difﬁcult to appreciate what the

advantage to the apple industry would

be if the grading and packing could


Apple Box Used by Michigan

Growers.

be standardized. When one purchases

certain brands of manufactured goods

he is conﬁdent that he will get the


very goods asked for. While the per-

ishable nature of apples makes it im-

possible to market them with the

same conﬁdence that a jobber can

market nails or soap, still the experi-

ence of western co-operative associa-

tions has justiﬁed the belief that a

very high degree of conﬁdence can be

gained and held; and where the seller

stands ready to make good any loss

resulting from improper grading or

decaying fruit, the element of chance

can be entirely eliminated and busi-

ness dealings placed on an absolutely

safe basis.

Expensive Containers.


There appears to be a tendency

among growers who are experiment-

ing to ﬁnd better methods of market-

ing, to use expensive containers.

There isacertain class of people with

whom this can be done proﬁtably. A

small per cent of the population of

every city wants products that show

the use of great pains in their produc-

tion and preparation for market. For

such people apples can be packed in

expensive containers. On this page

will be found illustrations of a box


used by a Michigan grower. The ap-

ples are packed in the same way that

eggs are placed in cases for shipment.

The box illustrated held 96 apples.

The container, including the ﬁllers,

cost 36 cents; this makes the cost of

container for each apple less than 0.4

of one cent. As we must consider all

containers to be necessary evils, this

cost would appear to be altogether too

high for the marketing of any con-

siderable portion of the bulk of our

apples.


It still seems that the apple barrel

is one of the best packages in which

to market the better grades of our

Michigan fruit. This is true not only

because the cost is comparatively low,

and the fruit can be carried safely,

but also for the reason that it has

been the custom to market our east-

ern fruit in this manner.


Because of our large crop and the

low prices that are being paid this

year, many cars of apples are going

forward in bulk. Shipments from

Michigan to the Dakotas and other

general agricultural states are being

made in this manner. Where the fruit

is to be used immediately, this meth-

od of distribution has merit, because

it reduces the cost to the lowest ﬁg-

ure. Where the apples are to be

stored, however, the plan could not be

commended. It furnishes, neverthe-

less, a very cheap way of getting ap-

ples to the consumer, and in years of

plenty, like the present, it ﬁnds gen-

eral favor.


Judicious Distribution.


Another need in our apple market

is a better distribution of the crop. No

mean proportion of our population,

especially in many of the small towns

in general agricultural districts where

apples are only grown in small quan-

tities, fail to get enough, if any, of

this fruit. A careful survey should be

made to ascertain where more of the

fruit could he judiciously used. In-

formation of this kind would be inval-

uable to distributors. Then, too, while

people may be well supplied during

the fall months when the crop is com-

ing onto the market in large quanti-

ties, but a very small per cent have

the fruit during the winter. An effort

to supply the general public with ap-

ples for six or seven months of the

year should be included in the gener-

al campaign for improving our apple

market.


Educating Apple, Appetites.


Again, consumption should be stip-

ulated. The appetite for apples ought

to be encouraged. Our people would

enjoy better health if they were more

liberal consumers of the king of fruits.

One method of helping along this line

is in reducing the cost to the ﬁnal

consumer. We believe that retailers

are responsible for many people not

using more apples. These dealers are

exacting too wide a margin of proﬁt,

many instances being brought to light

where the selling price was more than

double the cost price. If retailers

could be encouraged to sell apples in

larger quantities and at a narrower

margin of proﬁt, their net returns

would not be decreased, and at the

same time the consumption of apples

would be greatly increased.


A Detroit dealer has started a cam-

paign to increase consumption by

means of moving pictures, through

which he is drawing the attention of

city people to the apple as a source of

food. Just how effective this will be,

remains to be seen. In connection

with the ﬁlms this party publishes up-

on the screens at certain moving pic-

ture threatres every night the quota-


tions for apples delivered in barrel

quantities.


Another suggestion but recently

made is the “Buy a Barrel” slogan.

This suggestion has come out of the

effort on the part of business men of

the south to help out the' cotton in-

dustry by asking individuals to buy a

bale of cotton. If this “Buy a Barrel”

slogan could be generally published

in the press of our cities, we believe

it would stimulate consumption and at

once increase the demand for fruit.


These are a few of the needs of our

apple market. In them will be found

important points for attack in the gen-

eral campaign to better marketing

conditions. We cannot take up one

problem at a time and settle it; oper-


Apples are Packed in Fillers in the

Same Way as Eggs.

ations must continue along the entire

battle front. It is for individuals and

organizations concerned in the matter

to work earnestly and persistently

wherever they ﬁnd a place to help.

And we must start now to prepare

for future crops. It is safe to say

that if an intelligently conducted ed-

ucational campaign had been followed

during the past ﬁve years this year’s

crop would have found ready buyers

at reasonable prices. .

Wayne Co. A. H.

GRAND RAPIDS GROWERS CO-OP—

ERATE.


Growers of vegetables under glass

in and near Grand Rapids have been

successfully working together for over

four years now, under the name of

the Grand Rapids Growers’ Associa-

tion.‘The story of the attempts of the

growers to get together for many

years is the usual one of ups and

downs, with organizations repeatedly

going to pieces through lack of sup-

port, but at the present time the 30

members, comprising the leading

glass farmers in this section, are loyal

co-workers, and the organizations is

one of the most successful of its kind

in the United States. They would not

think of going back to the old blind,

hit-and-miss system, or lack of sys-

tem, in markeing their products, with

every man for himself and his Satanic

Majesty taking the hindmost.


The association is duly organized,

with ofﬁcers and committees.

ly meetings are held, also an annual

picnic with dinner and a program of

sports. The meetings are of an edu-

cational nature, with speakers from

outside often on hand and free dis-

cussion by the members on the prob-

lems of glass farming, such as best

uses of fertilizers, insecticides, etc.

The mutual advantages along this line

are beyond computation.


And then, last but by no means

least, is the marketing end, which is

looked after by sales agents, located

at a central packing and shipping sta-

tion in Grand Rapids. It is the busi-

ness of this ﬁrm, not 'only to keep in

close touch with the outside markets

but to see that the stuff is well put

up and goes out in attractive pack-

ages. An intelligent system is fol-

lowed in sowing the successive crops

by members, so that the harvest and

marketing periods will be well dis-

tributed and not all come together to

glut the trade.


Lettuce and tomatoes are the lead-

ing crops raised under glass here.


The Grand Rapids curly leaf lettuce

was originated by Eugene Davis, of


Month?


Kent county, who has been well call-

ed the “Luther Burbank of Michigan,”

and Mr. Davis has also propagated the

long green cucumber which bears his

name. By the way, we might add that

Mr. Davis has retired from business

with a competence made in farming

under glass, that will keep him the

rest of his days. The lettuce season

opens about November 15 and contin-

ues until the outdoor product crowds

it off the market. Lettuce is washed,

graded and packed in 80-pound barrels

at the central warehouse, then is

shipped by express to points as far

south as Kentucky and West Virginia.

and in carloads to Cincinnati for dis-

tribution, also to Ohio, Indiana, Illi-

nois, and Michigan points. Growers

received an average price this season

of 7% cents per pound net.


The tomatoes are put up in eight-

pound paskets, with tops that prevent

crushing. Each tomato is wrapped in

paper and the package bears the as-

sociation label and guarantee as to

quality. Tomato shipments start about

April 15, this product going as far

east as New York City, also to Chica-


go, to points in Wisconsin and else-‘


where. Growers realized an average

price of 50 cents a basket this season.


The members have over half a mil-

lion square feet of glass in their

houses and are burning 150 cars of

coal annually in their forcing opera-

tions. While no ofﬁcial action has

been taken as yet, it is expected that

the state will establish an experiment

station here in vegetable growing and

the Grand Rapids Growers’ Associa-

tion at its last meeting adopted a res-

olution tendering a greenhouse plant

and fuel for same free of charge for

such uses, this station to be in the

hands of an expert from the Michigan

Agricultural College.


Kent Co. ALMOND GRIFFEN.


WHAT ARE YOU DOING?


Are you doing anything to improve

your market?


Do you ever hope to sell your pro-

ducts directly to the ﬁnal user?


Have you any reason for not mak-

ing the start today?


The Michigan Farmer stands ready

to do at least two things for you:


First—It will place your name and

address and a list of the products you

have for sale, in the hands of consum-

ers, thereby opening up the way for

direct selling.


Second—It will furnish you with a

steel crated shipping box Sl/éXIZI/gX14

inches, equipped with four one-dozen

egg cartons, one two-pound butter

tub, one pint cream bottle, partitions,

paraﬁned paper and shipping tags,

postpaid, for 58c, if you live in the

ﬁrst or second zones from Detroit, and

62c if you live in the third zone. At

the ofﬁce the price is 500, or 800 with

the Michigan Farmer one year. Or-

ders should be addressed to the Mich-

igan Farmer, Detroit. This box can

be used over and over again; it is

light, durable and easily packed.


We realize that most people object

to changing their methods, and it is

better to be conservative where new

systems are uncertain, but those who

have tried direct selling are ﬁnding

that it pays them well. We tried it

several years ago, and are still deal.

ing that way. We are conﬁdent that

it will bring those who follow it much

larger net proﬁts than they secure un-

der the 01d method of marketing. To

beneﬁt our readers, we are therefore

doing what we can to get as many as

will, started; not only do we offer to

do the things mentioned above, but

we shall constantly keep all Michigan

Farmer readers informed of any new

plans or methods that may be found.


If you are sincere in the desire to

get your name before city people who

are anxious to secure farm products,

and wish a crate to make shipments

i'n,Itake advantage of this opportunity

and do it immediately. ’


9‘1


y- m. ,W.-.W____
N1


-~>wwm-m


0013.24, 1914.

L riff ' " ‘i -, .


Crop arid¥Markct Notes.


Michigan.


Monroe Co., Oct. 13.-—The weather

is ideal for-seeding wheat and grass;

plenty of rain to keep them growing

nicely; ﬁne weather for ripening late

planted corn and potatoes; have had

no frost yet to do any damage. The

farmers are about done ﬁlling silos

and of a good quality of corn and

many more siloes than usual being

ﬁlled. The.price of meat stuffs has

dropped some during the last three

weeks. Dressed pork light 130; heavy

and rough 11@12c; calves, dressed

14@15c; fowls, live 130; young chick-

ens 130; old hens 130, a half-cent drop

in the last three weeks. The bottom

fell out of the potato market, drop-

ping from 800 to 900 bushel down to

35c to 45c; some now and then at

50c. Apples $2.25@2.75 per bbl; hay

by the load, loose $15, timothy; corn

in the ear $1 per cwt; oats 48@500

per bushel; shelled corn 85@90c per

bushel. There is some quite large

patches of very late corn planting

that is not out yet, and is looking

green and nice.


Branch Co., Oct. 10.-—The weather

is favorable for late potatoes and

corn. Corn cutting is not all ﬁnished

and not many potatoes dug except

earliest ﬁelds, from which the yield

was rather light. Bean harvesting is

well under way, and the weather has

been favorable. Clover seed is a fair

crop but small acreage. Apples light

yield. Stock is looking well. Wheat

$1.02; corn 75c; oats 44c; potatoes

700; butter 25c; eggs 23c; clover seed

$10; apples 750 per bushel.


Wexford Co., Oct. 5.—We are hav-

ing ﬁne weather for this time of year.

There are a great many potatoes to

be dug, and the yield per acre is

small. Corn is a large crop. There is

very little wheat sown, but a larger

acreage of rye than usual. Hogs are

scarce; good milch cows are scarce,

ranging in price from $60@90. All

stock looks ﬁne, as we have had

abundant pasture. Cattle $4@5;

sheep $4; hogs, live 9c; potatoes 25c;

oats 500; loose hay $10; baled $12;

wheat 900;. rye 700; old corn 700; new

beans, white $1.75; buckwheat $1.25

per cwt; eggs 220; butter 24c; but-

ter-fat 260; chickens 12c.


Hillsdale Co., Oct. 5.——About the us-

ual acreage of wheat and rye is being

sown; corn promises to yield fairly

well. Some farmers have just com-

menced husking, while others have

not yet ﬁnished cutting. Late pota-

toes will be a big crop, but are slow

in ripening, and none have been har-

vested yet. Fine weather has pre-

vailed for the gathering of the bean

crop which is good. Buckwheat, of

which there is quite a large acreage,

is a good crop. There is but very lit-

tle clover seed. Butter 270; eggs 210;

potatoes 750; wheat $1; oats 42c; rye

80c; clover seed $9.50; live chickens

1135c; heavy hogs $8.50; yorkers

$8.75; veal 6@9c; butcher cows $2.50

@4; butcher heifers and steers $5@

6; choice steers $6.50@7.


New York.


Columbia Co., Oct. 10.—We have

had no rain since the last of August;

much of the rye sown is failing to

sprout. Corn, beans and oats are bet-

ter than usual. Potatoes good; buy-

ers are offering as low as 400 per bu.

Good milch cows are high. Apples are

plentiful and prices very low. Eggs

350; butter 380.


Ohio.


Coshocton Co., Oct. 12,—Nearly all

the wheat is in the ground, and there

was a large acreage sown. Early

sown wheat is coming up rather un-

evenly on account of the dry weather.

Corn is all cut, and a few are begin-

ning to husk; it will be an average

crop. The potato yield is rather low.

Clover seed is being hulled, and is

turning out well for the amount of

straw. Apples are being picked, and


NATIONAL CROP REPORT.


The Crop Reporting Board of the

Bureau of Crop Estimates makes the

following estimates of production of

the various crops named for the Uni-

ted States from reports of its corres-

pondents and agents, which are com~

pared with the ﬁnal yields in preced-

ing years, for comparison as follows:


THE‘MICH‘i


there will be a large crop. There has


been no damaging frost yet. Pastures

and stock are looking good. ,The

horse market is dull, but cattle and

hog market is booming. Hogs $7@

8.40; veals $8.50; cattle $6.50@8; but-

ter 220; eggs 260; potatoes 700; ap-

ples 500; hay $15; wheat $1; corn

850; middlings $1.70; chickens 13c;

turkeys 13c; timothy $3.25; alfalfa

$8.50; clover $11@11.50.


Holmes Co., Oct. 13.—Weather fair

with light rains. Pasture is very

poor. Corn is all in shock, and is 85

per cent of average. Potatoes 80 per

cent. Clover seed above the average.

A large acreage of wheat and rye

sown. Live stock is plentiful but not

much being sold. . Winter apples are

plentiful for home consumption. Corn

85c; wheat $1; oats 45c; middlings

$30 per ton; butter—fat 310; butter

25c; eggs scarce.


Wayne Co., Oct. 12.———The weather

has been dry and warm for the past

three weeks. Corn is cut, but not

much husked yet. Wheat practically

all sown, and acreage about normal.

Potatoes are being harvested, and

some nearly a failure, others yielding

fairly well. Pasture is good. Fall ap-

ples are plentiful. Hogs plentiful;

cattle scarce; both cattle and hogs in

good condition. Wheat 98c; oats 420;

corn, old 800; butter 280; eggs 28c.


Carroll Co., Oct. 12.—Farmers have

most of their corn out. Some are dig-

ging potatoes which are a fair crop.

The corn is very poor crop on ac.

count of dry weather we had this

summer. It was too dry for the wheat

to grow, until last week we got a few

nice showers. Winter apples are pick-

ed now, which is a nice crop.


Illinois.


Perry Co., Oct. 10.—Larger acreage

of wheat sown than last year. Live

stock was mostly sold off during the

dry summer, but pastures are fine

now since the rains in August. Horses

are bringing good prices and being

shipped to Europe. Hogs $8; wheat

95c; eggs 26c; chickens 13c; geese

13c per pound.


Missouri.


Phelps Co., Sept. 24.——Corn is over

half a crop and some of it is extra

ﬁne; potatoes and sweet potatoes are

extra good, considering this dry year.

Onions and beans are extra good. Ap-

ples are ﬁne this year and are selling

from 75c@$1.50. There will be plenty

of winter apples and will be a fair

price. Farmers are busy sowing their

wheat and rye and getting ready to

get their corn in. They are also sow-

ing clover and timothy seed with their

wheat and rye. Wheat 900; corn $1;

beef cattle $8@9; calves, veal $8; but-

ter 180; eggs 19%0; chickens, hens

101750; spring chikens 1035c; turkeys

14%; young turkeys 13c; ducks Sc;

young ducks 9c; geese 40;. young

geese 90; cocks 60; guineas, young

and old 15@25c; hides, green Ill/g0

per lb; feathers 43@60c.


Kansas.


Lincoln Co., Oct. 10.——This section

had a ﬁne rain; the wheat is up ﬁne;

grasshoppers did some damage to the

wheat and alfalfa. There are not very

many farm products displayed on the

fairs, while 1iorses and cattle are

plentiful. Some cattle are shipped in


for roughing through the winter. Hogs


are sold light and cheap, $7.50 was

paid by the shipper. Cream 23c; eggs

160. Wheat is being kept for higher

prices.


Dickinson Co., Oct. 3.-—~Farmers are

busy sowing wheat. The ground is in

good condition, and a large acreage is

being sown. There is very little corn

to be husked. Rough feed plentiful.

Stock is coming out of pastures in

good shape. Apples and potatoes are

not much of a crop. Threshing is

nearly all done. Wheat averaged 25

to 30 bushels; oats 30 to 60 bushels.

Wheat 900; corn 900; hogs $7.50; eggs

210; butter 22c; chickens 100.


Nebraska.


Hitchcock Co., Oct. 9.—At present

we are having some nice rains, which

places the ground in good condition

for fall sowing. A large acreage is

being s0Wed. The potato crop is

from Colorado and are selling for $1

per bushel. Some hog cholera is re—

ported, which is unusual for this part

of the country. Wheat prices are

down to 810 on the local market. The

farmers are hauling grain quite fast

to market.


$1914.

October

Crop. Forecast.

Winter wheat . . . . . . . . . .* 675,000,000

Spring wheat . . . . . . . . . .* 217,000,000


All Wheat ..... .....* 892,000,000

Corn . 2,676,000,000

Oats ...................*1,137,000,000'


Barley 000000000000000-o* 197,000,000

Rye 0-000000000000000000'* 43,000,000


Buckwheat . . . . . . . . . . 17,000,000

White potatoes . . . . . . . . 382,000,000

Sweet potatoes . . . . . . 55,000,000

Tobacco, lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . 954,000,000


Flax 00000000000000.0000 17,000,000


Rice ................... 24,000,000

Hay (tame) tons........* 69,000,000

.DDOS 000-00000.00-0-0- 230,000.000.


"' Interpreted from condition reports.


1909-1913,av.


1913. Final. Final.

523,000,000 441,000,000

240,000,000 245,000,000

763,000,000 686,000,000

2,447,000,000 2,708,000,000

1,122,000,000 1,131,000,000

178,000,000 182,000,000

41,000,000 35,000,000

14,000,000 17 ,000,000

332,000,000 357,000,000

59,000,000 58,000,000

954,000,000 996,000,000

18,000,000 20,000,000

26,000,000 24,000,000

64.000,000 66,000,000

145,000,000 ~ 176,000,000


.* Preliminary estimate. _


the cattlemen can get the money for


GAN FARMER


LIVE STOCK N EWS.


Provisions have participated in re-

cent weeks in the course of the hog

market, with a sharp recent rally in

prices, however. Stocks of cured hog

meats in leading packing centers de-

creased last month 20,842,000 lbs., as

compared with a reduction of 51,278,-

000 lbs. in the same month last year,

aggregate stocks being 150,000,000 lbs.

on October 1, or 31,000,000 lbs. less

than a year ago. Stocks of lard in

the same places decreased last month

66,000 tierces. Local packers are help-

ed in putting hogs lower by the small

eastern demand here for hogs, and

they are talking liberal hog supplies

after the pigs are matured.


Charles Shurte, the widely-known


sheep seller in the Chicago stock

yards, reports that shipments of feed-

er lambs and sheep from Chicago and

Omaha markets this year have ran

probably 200,000 head short of the

same time last year. He thinks prices

for feeders are not likely to go very

much lower and says he regards them

as nearer worth the prices asked than

they were last year. More killing

lambs and fewer feeders have been

coming to market, and this has made

a ﬁrmer market for the latter. Mr.

Shurte says: “The country is short

of native lambs and sheep and owing

to the recent dry weather I believe

they have been marketed closer than

usual, so that it looks as though they

will be marketed sparingly during the

fall and winter months. Therefore

there are high prices in sight.”

. A Missouri stock feeder marketed

in Chicago recently 60 head of fat

Hereford cattle that averaged 1690

pounds at $10.70 per 100 pounds. The

cattle were bred in Texas, were graz-

ed in that state and marketed in Kan-

sas City last October, when they were

bought by Mr. Schlup. He put them

on full feed in January and turned

them on grass the ﬁrst of May, feed—

ing them shelled corn up to the time

of marketing.


Feeding of live stock promises to be

centered in strong hands this fall and

Winter: Country banks are very con-

servative in lending money to their

customers for ﬁnancing feeding opera-

tions, and to a large extent the men

who are buying cattle or lambs for ﬁn-

ishing on feed are using their private

funds_for the purpose. It is certain

that tight money is going to keep out

many intending beginners and ﬁnan-

cially weak stockmen, and this will

1nev1tab1y greatly improve the chances

for those who do engage in feeding ’


live stock. l


Col. Ike T. Pryor, the veteran Tex- '

as cattleman and vice-president of‘

the. American National Live Stock ASH

somation, is favoring the southwest"

ern cattlemen cashing in their cattle:'

now that prices have reached top leV-,

els, declaring it his ﬁrm belief that‘,

the wall of the consumer before long

Will have the result of breaking the]

market. He says: “I am more than

gratified at the splendid way in which~

the. cattle market is holding up, es-

peCially in view of the European war

Situation. And now, while the mar-

ket is good and prices high, I believe

it Will be the part of wisdom for the

cattlemen to put all of their cattle on

the market and get the money. Now


their cattle and reduce their ﬁnancial

obligations before money becomes ev~

en scarcer than at present. If in the

fall conditions are uncertain and pa» i

per 1s maturing just the same, it is

likely that the would-be purchasers

Will not-have the money to buy cattle.

Hence, in my opinion, it is the part ,

of Wisdom for the cattleman to sellI

his stock now while he can get the:

money and a price on a level with‘

What he will ﬁnd the quotations 3.

month or two later.” Colonel Pryor'

declared that the war has not affect-

ed the price of cattle and that thei

market is on a level with the market

of a few months before the war be-

gan. He believes that in the event

of money matters becoming less strin-

gent, many farmers will buy cattle for

raismg.


Edward C. Simmons was recently

selected by President Wilson for the

position of Governor of the Federal

Reserve Board, under the new 0111“

rency Act, but felt it necessary, on

account of his advanced years, not to

undertake that great work.‘ Such a

service—second to none in importance

to the commercial interests of the

country—Would indeed have been a

ﬁtting climax to the successful career

of this man, who typiﬁes the highest

ideals in American business life.

Among the many remarkable things

done by this man, who has frequently

been called “the leading merchant of

the United States.” was his far-sight-

ed act in resigning the presidency and

all active management of the Sim-


17—361


VVaterproof


Not nearly — not fairly

but dryly

waterproof


My

3*;

’lmnm‘“

R E FLE X

SLICKER


The wet weather coat

for you for good hard

service. Light weight,

strong, and his all over


for comfort. , ' {0%

$3.005Everywliere Protector Hal, 5 Cts.


ATISFACTION GUARANTEED

Catalog free


A. ‘J. TOWER co., Boston


Farms and Farm lands For Sajli


MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS


Near Saginaw and Bay City, in Gladwin and Midland

Counties. Low prices: Easy terms: Clear title. Write

for maps and particulars. STAFFELD BROTHERS.

15 Merrill Building. Saginaw. (W. S.). Michigan.


FOR. SALE-In whole or. part. 320 acre


southern Michigan farm.

Good soil, buildings and fences. Immediate possession.

O. S. SCHAIBER. 214 Dewey Ava. Swissvale, Pa.


DELAWARE FARM 5


Fruit, live stock, alfalfa. Best. land near best markets.

Address, State Board of Agriculture, Dover, Delaware.


—194 acres fenced. 123 ready for

Sunny ICIIIIOSSOO plow, Cotton, corn and clover

land. 8roomdwelling. Prico$4000. Similar-bargains.

Free List. JENKINS &. SON, Buntingdon, Tenn.


F0 R SALE-8° mm. 35


seeding, level, build-

ings, best in Michigan, must sell. a lwrgain at S. .

Address, 146 Rust Ave., Big Rapids, Michigan.


80 ACRES. 6 b t i l' ,

BARGAIN! balance best 1.3.3320? Silo: 13:3.


best state of cultivation, ﬁtted for dairy. Silo and

plenty of good buildings. 2 miles new wire fence. 80

rods from city limits of city of 6,000. Price 96.000.

Address owner. Andrew C. Brown, Hastings. Mich.


Farm For Sale or Exchange for a. smaller farm. Farm

comprises 80 acres of clay loam, in Huron County.

one of the best farms in the ’I'humb District. Good

buildings, orchard. water. and well fenced with woven

wire. Apply Box C-24 The Michigan Farmer, Detroit.


—-The State for Thrifty Farmers.

Delightful. healthy climate. Good

Lund. Reasonable Prices. Close to


big markets of lar 9 cities of the East. Send for free

descri tive pamph at with map. STATE BUREAU

OF I MIGRATION, Hoffman Bldg” Baltimore. Md.


210 Acres 22 head {inc cows and heifers, 5 horses.


best stock, hay, grain, 14 room his white

house, large barns. basements. Hay, crops, stock,tools.

every thing on this fine farm goes 812000, part

cash. Write for particulars. . 1

Hall‘s Farm Agency, Oweg‘o, Tiogn Co., N. Y.


Rich Ohio Farms at Farm Prices


NICE LEVEL 70-ACRE FARM.

Good location. new house. barn and orchard. 1 Price

$3 ‘ . Very easy terms,


EXCELLENT l08-ACRE FARM.

One mile from town. Two acts of good buildings two

orchards, sugar grove, good timber, rich land. I‘rloe

$6,950. Terms. $2,500 down, balance very easy.

GET OUR, LARGE LIST OF FARM BARGAINS.


S. W. WILSON. - ATWATLR. OHIO


$2,000 Cash Required


232 Acres, 30 Cows, 3 Horses,

Machinery, TooIs and Crops


Big immediate steady income assured: in one of

New York's best farming sections; cuts 100 tons hay,

produces great quantities all staple crops; pasture

or50 cows: large woodiot; ﬁne buildings; 8-room

house: 90-“. basement barn. concrete ﬂoor; silo;

50-ft. basement barn. concrete floor; horse barn.

oultry house; all supplied with fine water; sizlitly

ocation; beautiful view; perfect’drainago; aged owner

has made money, wants to retire; if taken now you

getBUHclstcin cows, 3110mm, poultry, machinery,

wagons, tools, Scores cats, 7 acres corn, etc., With

price for-all only , $2000 cash, balance easy terms;

photon-sigh of residence and traveling directions,

age 3, “ trout's Special Bargain Sheet". Send today

or your-free copy. E. A. STROUT FARM AGENCY.

Station 101, Union Bank Bldg, Pittsburg, Pa.


WANTED Cheap lands. ﬁne climate. ample

rain, big crops and good markets.


Business and industrial openings everywhere: ' “South-

ern Field" magazine. ' Business Openings folder

and State booklets on request. 5 -

out hem Pv,

. , &l. A . . ,

M. V. RICHARDS LD. C It MobuleéOhlc


Washingwn,

6650.5. Fla Dy


Down South there

are wonderful openings

for ambitious men. Farming

cﬁers exceptional opportunities.


loom 78-


The state of diversiﬁed farming—fruits.

grains, grasses, alfalfa. sugar beets, etc., also

stork raismg—thc State where you have

many real comforts on the farm. that are

nocavailable in many other sections. Elec-

trICity at low cost is used for lighting, heat-

Ing, ~cooking and for power on many forms.

and in most towns in Idaho.


Thcrc are~ many tracts of land— irrigated

and nonirnguted—suitable for all kinds of

fariiiing,tor sale cheap and on reasonable

terms. I wull give complete information to

you free for the asking.


R. A. SMITH,


Colonization and Industrial A cut. Union

Pacnﬁc R. R. Co., Room 382, nion

Paciﬁc Bldg.


OMAHA, NEB.


mons Hardware Company in 1897,

when his oldest son, W. D. Simmons,

was elected president. which ofﬁce he

still holds. Two other sons—Edward

H. Simmons and George W. Simmons

—are vice-presidents.


Please mention the Mich. Farmer

when writing to advertisers.


I

a

,.

i

ii


I

i


l
THE ’M IC HIG'ANV ‘F‘A R'M ER


2


oer. 3,919,145 ' ‘


362—18

[EFFEIIIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||IIIIIIIIIIIlIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE

Markets.

Ell|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllIIIIIIIIIIII|llIIIIIIIIII|Illl||III|I|IIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIﬁ


GRAINS AND SEEDS.


October 20, 1914.


Wheat—The past was a week of

bullish sentiment in wheat circles and

prices have advanced. The statistical

situation indicates more strongly than

ever that the wheat crop of the world

is below normal, and that because of

the unusual conditions prevailing in

Europe, prices should at least be

maintained somewhere near the pres-

ent basis. Exporters are buying in

liberal quantities, and the demand for

ships to carry the grain abroad is ur-

gent. There has been a heavy falling

off in the amount of wheat delivered

by farmers at primary elevators in

the spring wheat districts and those

having winter wheat for sale are act-

ing conservatively because of faith in

better prices later on. The visible

supply increased less than for the cor-

responding week in 1913. The price

for No. 2 red wheat one year ago was

91%0 perbushel. Quotations for the

past week are:


No. 2 No. 1

Red. White. Dec

Wednesday . . . .1.10 1.07 1.15

Thursday ...... 1.10 1.07 1.15

Friday ......... 1.10% 1.07%) 1.15%

Saturday .. .1.11% 1.08%; 1.16%

Monday . .. . .1.13 Ié 1.10 lg 1.18 15

Tuesday ....... 1.13 1,5 1.10% 1.18%,

Chicago, (Oct. 19) .———No. 2 red

$1.121,é@1.141,é; December, $11615;

May- $1.22 %.

Germ—Notwithstanding the small


volume of corn changing hands prices

have advanced in sympathy with

wheat. An improvement in weather

conditions is helping to secure the

crop, and has no doubt prevented a

larger advance than would otherwise

have been made. While this grain is

not meeting so broad a demand par-

tially, no doubt, for the reason that

the new crop is not yet on the mar-

ket, the effect of the foreign call for

wheat and oats is reﬂected in trade

circles for corn. One year ago No. 3

corn was quoted at 711/20 per bushel.

Quotations for the past week are:

No. 3 No. 3

Mixed. Yellow.


Wednesday . . . ...... 73 75

Thursday . . . ........ 73 75

Friday ..... 73 75

Saturday . . . . ..... . 74 76

Monday . . . . ........ 74 76

Tuesday ............ 74 76


Chicago, (Oct. 19).——No. 2 yellow,

73%@74%c; December 683/30; May,

70%0.


Oats.——Market is ﬁrm at advanced

prices. A strong foreign demand has

helped sellers and is securing for_ the

farmers rather satisfactory prices.

Both France and Italy took large

quantities of cats the past week.

There is also an active local demand.

The visible supply increased.over two

million bushels last week. A year ago

the quotations for standard oats was

4119: per bushel. Quotations are as


follows: _

N o. 3

Standard. White.

Wednesday ......... 48 47

Thursday ........... 8 47 %

Friday ............. 48 17$ 48

Saturday ........... 49 48 1,5

Monday ............ 50 49 1k

Tuesday ............ 50 49 1,9

Chicago, (Oct. 19) .——Standard 48%,


@48%c; Dec., 50c; May 531/8c.

Rye.——This grain is ﬁrm at 910 for

No. 2, which is 1c higher than last

week. .

Clover Seed—Market is quiet and

easy. Prices are lower. Prime spot

quoted at $9; December $9.15; March

at $9.35; prime alsike sells at $8.75.

Beans.——Demand is good and prices

are higher. Detr it quotations are:

Immediate and ctober shipment

$2.25. Chicago.——Firmer tone prevails

here but dealers are not saying much

about the business. Prices are high-

er. Pea beans, hand-picked, ch01ce,

are quoted at $2.35@2.40; common at

$2.10@2.25; red kidneys, chaice $3.50.


FLBTJR AND FEEDS.


Flour.——Market is fair, with prices

some lower. Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detr01t

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $6; second $5.50; straight $5;

spring patent $6.20; rye ﬂour $5.80

per bbl. . .


Feed.——In 100—lb. sacks, Jobbing lots

are: Bran $24; standard middlings

$25; ﬁne middlings $32; coarse corn

meal $31; corn and oat chop $28 per


11.

toHay.——Carlots on track at Detroit

are: New, No. 1 timothy $16@16.50;

No. 2, $14@14.50; No. 3, $11@12.


Chicago.—Demand fair and gﬁeg


' s large. Choice timoth ,

116550; No. 1, $14@15; No. 2,, $12.50

@13


Straw—Steady. Rye $7.50@8; oat

straw $7@7.50; wheat straw $7@7.5')


per ton.


% offerings at 26@27c.


DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.


.Butter.—Good butter ﬁrm and ac-

tive at prices 1c higher than last


week. Extra creamery 30c per lb;

.ﬁrsts 280; dairy 19c; packing stock

180 per 1b.


Chicago.—Firmness for fancy grades

and easiness for under grades still

prevail in this market. Prices have

advanced for the fancy and declined

for the lower grades. Extra creamery

30c; extra ﬁrsts 28@29c; ﬁrsts 25@

261,50; seconds 23@241,éc; packing

stock 20@201,§c.


Elgin.——Sold at 300 which is the

same as last week.


Eggs.—-Market is steady with prices

unchanged. Fresh stock sells at 23c

per dozen; current receipts 21140.


Chicago—Fresh eggs are in de-

mand at higher prices while for the

under grades the trade is only fair.

Miscellaneous lots, cases included 17

@221éc; ordinary ﬁrsts 20@21c; ﬁrsts

221A;@23c.


Poultry.—-In ample supply and mar-

ket easy, with prices on hens and

springs 1c lower. Springs 13@131/zc;

hens 136913150; ducks 14@15c; young

ducks 15@160; geese 11@120; tur-

keys 19@200.


Chicago—Large receipts lowered

prices on fowls and springs. Trade

was good at the decline. Quotations

on live: Fowls 121,§@13c; spring


. chickens 120; ducks, good stock 140;


guinea hens, per dozen $3.50; young

guinea hens $2@4; turkeys 16c; geese

12@13c per lb.


FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.


Fruits.—-Pears, Bartletts, $1.75@2

per bu; common 50@750; grapes 15@

160 for blue, per 8—lb. basket.


Chicago.—Michigan peaches 75c@

$1.25 per bushel; pears $1.25@5 per

bbl; grapes 150 per 8-1b. basket;

quinces 75c@$1.25 per bushel.


Vegetables.——Home-grown cabbage,

750@$1 per bbl; new beets 50@55c

per bu; radishes $1@1.25 per hundred

bunches; tomatoes 800@$1 per bushel.


Potatoes.——Michigan 500 per bushel

in sacks; carlots 45@48c per bu; at

Chicago Michigan white, sacked, are

quoted at 45@53c per bushel.


Apples.——Supply is liberal and de-

mand is fair. Average receipts 50@

750 per bu; $1.50@3 per bbl.


Chicago—Trade is good and supply

is ample. Trade is divided between

barrel, bulk and box stock. Stock

held at higher prices moves slowly.

Baldwins $1.75@2; Wealthy $1.75@

2.50; Kings $2.25@2.75; Wageners $2

@225; Jonathans $3.50@4; greenings

$2@2.25; Northern Spy $2.50; bulk

apples $90@225 per car. Western box

apples are selling for $1@1.75 per box.


WOOL.


The placing of an embargo upon the

exportation of wools from. England

and the advanced prices paid at the

recent London sales have given the

wool market on this side a much

stronger tone with values ﬁrm to

higher. Although ﬂeece wools have

not participated in the strength as

much as other grades, prices are well

maintained and some sales are.being

consummated. Unwashed combings

are going at 29@30c, with Michigan

Michigan un-

washed clothing range from 23@26c,

and do. delaine 27@280. Sales for the

week at Boston amounted to ﬁve mil-

lion pounds.


GRAND RAPIDS.


While egg dealers are quoting 26@

27c to the country trade for strictly

fresh eggs, the stores are retailing

them for 32c and farmers with private

customers have no trouble in getting

this price. No. 1 dairy butter is now

around 300 to private trade. Potatoes

are quoted at 45@500 on the city mar-

ket and stores are selling them at

600. The outside markets last week

were lower, with prices ranging

around 300 at loading stations. The

apple market continues quiet with

much fruit going into cold storage.

National Apple Day was widely ob-

served here Tuesday of this week,

with large displays and sales made by

merchants, banks, the hospitals and

others. The movement will help the

growers.


DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.


There were fewer teams on the

market Tuesday morning; trading,

however, was fairly active. This is

the season of the year when the of-

ferings on the city markets meet with

strong competition from the whole-

sale houses, with the result of aslow-

er movement prevailing in certain

lines. Apples and potatoes are par-

ticularly affected at the present time.

Tuesday morning potatoes were gen-

erally selling at 650 per bushel, while

apple prices ranged from 50c@$1.

Cabbage 25c; cauliﬂower 600; pears

60@800; celery 250 per bunch; chick-

ens $1 a pair; loose hay is selling at

$17@19 per ton.


THE LIVE srocx MARKETS.


Buffalo. ‘v

- October 19, 1914.

(Special Report. of Dunning & Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)


With 230 cars of cattle on our mar-

ket today, and with heavy receipts re-

ported in Kansas City, Chicago and

also Jersey City, our market was ful-

ly 15@25c per cwt. lower than last

Monday on all grades of cattle, qual-

ity considered, and the market was

dull and draggy from start to ﬁnish,

and at the close there were several

loads of cattle unsold that never re-

ceived a bid. Our advice would be to

shippers from the country, for the

next 30 days, to buy nothing but

strictly fat cattle, no matter whether

females, handy butcher steers or ship-

pers, as the slippery and half-fat low

grade cattle cannot be sold to make

any margin from the country.


We had entirely too many hogs to-

day for present conditions, about 150

double decks, the largest run of the

season to date, consequently a lower

market on everything. We had a

fairly good outside demand, and while

packers did not take any great num-

ber, trading was fairly active and a

fair clearance was made. The bulk of

the best sorted hogs sold at $7.90,

with a few decks of fancy at $7.90 and

one load of choice hogs at 8c per lb.

Pigs sold from $7@7.10, and light hogs

from $7.25@7.50; roughs $6.50@6.75;

stags $6.25@6.75. Late trade was

rather dull and with 15 double decks

of hogs going over unsold, prospects

for the next few days look no better,

unless on the pig end. Possibly pig

weights will sell some higher, but

would still bear in mind that hogs

are going to sell cheaper and would

continue to buy, for declining markets.


The market was active today on

lambs and slow on sheep, with prices

150 higher on lambs than the close of

last week; choice handy lambs sen-

ing mostly at $8.15. We look for

steady to shade higher prices last of


the week.


We q'uote: Lambs $8@8.15; cull to

fair $6@7.90; yearlings $6@6.75;

bucks $3@4.25; handy ewes $5.25@

5.50; heavy ewes $5@5.10; wethers

$5.50@5.85; cull sheep $3.50@4.50;

veals, choice to extra $11.75@12; fair

toggood $10@11.50; heavy calves $6


Receipts here today as follows: Cat-

tle 230 cars; hogs 150 d. d ; sheep and

lambs 50 d. d.; calves 1600 head.


Chicago.

October 20, 1914.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..29,000 37,000 38,000

Same day 1913..17,822 41,951 42,979

Last week ...... 53,022 106,165 179,388

Same wk 1913..50,718 141,552 167,893


The receipts of cattle this Monday

are greatly excessive for these times,

and at a late hour scarcely any were

sold. The expectation was that while

the best beeves and cheap canners

would be closed out at steady prices,

the general run would decline sharp-

ly. The run included about 10,000

western rangers—an unusually liberal

supply. Other markets wired heavy

cattle supplies. Hogs suffered a land-

slide, prices breaking mostly 20@25c,

with sales at $6.80@7.85. Hogs re-

ceived last Week averaged 230 lbs.,

comparing with 237 lbs. a week ear-

lier and 254 lbs. late last August.

Sheep and lambs are steady to ﬁrmer,

with range feeding lambs selling 100

higher for the best at $7.25.


Cattle were in much the same con-

dition as they were in previous weeks

during the last week, with decidedly

too generous receipts of grassy na-

tives, which had to compete with fair

offerings sold 10@15c lower. This

On the opening day the cattle receipts

aggregated 22,470 head, and before

the close of the day the bulk of the

offerings sold 0@15c lower. This

weakness brought about much smaller

supplies, and the decline was largely

checked, only 14,523 head arriving on

Wednesday’s market. Demand contin-

ued to center strongly on choice

beeves, but even the very best cattle

had to sell lower, $10@10.90 being

paid for choice to extra steers. The

commoner light-weight grassy steers

sold at $6.40@7.75, and the bulk of the

steers of all descriptions found buy-

ers at $8@10.25, fat light steers and

handy-weight yearling steers being

prime favorites with buyers. Fair to

middling steers brought $7.80@8.50,

while a medium grade sold at $8.60@

9.35, with sales of good steers at$9.40

@995. Yearling steers of desirable

quality brought $9.50@10.70. with

sales all the way down to $7.75@8 for

common yearlings, while butchering

cows and heifers sold at $5.10@9.60

for common to fancy lots. Cutters

brought $4.65@5. canners $3.60@4.60

and bulls $4.50@7.75. There was a

fairly large movement in stockers and

feeders, the former selling at $5@7.50

and the latter at $6@8. Plenty of

common lots of these cattle were of-

fered on low terms, but the call con-

tinued to run more on the better

class, and these were not-offered very

liberally. Stock calves sold at $7.25@


8 and stock and feeding cows and

heifers at $5@7.15. Calves‘sold at $5

@1125 and milch cows at $60@95

each. An important factor in the cat-

tle trade is the big demand for can-


ned meats, millions of pounds of corn- »


ed beef and tinned beef having been

purchased from Chicago packers by

agents for the allied armies in Eu-

rope. Late in the week stockers and

feeders declined 25@50c.


Hogs, continued on their downward

course for still another week, despite

the fact that receipts in the Chicago

and other packing centers continued

much smaller than in recent years,

the reduction in supplies for the year

compared with 1913 being enormous.

Prices made further low records for

the year, with medium weights selling

highest, followed by prime light hogs,

while heavy packing hogs sold lowest

of all, as usual. The continued down-

ward movement of prices is responsi-

ble for reductions of average weights

in the hog receipts in recent weeks,

late receipts having averaged 237 lbs.,

or 11 lbs. less than the average at the

beginning of September. The aver-

age was 207 lbs. a year ago, when

great numbers of pigs and under-

weights were shipped in because of

the ravages of hog cholera. Four

years ago, however, when hogs were

selling at $9@9.35, the receipts aver-

aged 261 lbs. Pigs have been arriv-

ing at the rate of about 4500 a week,

comparing with 10,000 to 15,000 a.

year ago. Eastern shippers have been

moderate buyers. Hogs closed Satur-

day at their lowest, sales being at $7_

@805, with pigs at $5@7.25. A week

earlier hogs brought $7.15@8.45.


Sheep and lambs were marketed

with great freedom last week, the

ranges furnishing again the great bulk

of the supplies, and a big share of the

range lambs consisted of feeders from

Montana and Wyoming, with some

from Idaho. Diminishing offerings of

prime fat lambs checked weakness in

their values, but otherwise lambs sold

lower under liberal receipts. The best

demand was for feeders, and these

were much slower to show weakness

than mutton ﬂocks. Closing prices

were: Lambs $6@7.85; feeder lambs

$5.50@7.15; yearlings $5.50@6.50;

wethers $5.35@6; ewes $3@5.10; feed-

ing ewes $4@4.60; breeding ewes $5

@625; bucks $3.75@4.25.


Horses were marketed so sparingly

last week that weakness in prices was

checked, despite a small general de-

mand. The poorer class sold at $60@

100 per head and the best class of

heavy drafters at $240@285, while a.

fair to good class of horses went at

$110@235. The bulk of the horses

failed to go over $200.


LIVE STOCK NEWS.


Money lenders are reported as

loosening up a little in some parts of

cattle feeding districts, and it is pos-

sible in quite a number of cases to

effect necessary loans on cattle pa-

per. Loaners usually insist on early

maturity of such loans.


Provisions have undergone material

reductions in prices in sympathy with

the remarkable downward movement

that has taken place in hog prices in

recent weeks.


John Clay of Chicago, widely known

in live stock circles, says: “This au-

tumn the migration to the country of

feeding lambs and sheep is woefully

short. The result we will see next

spring in higher prices. But we must

look further ahead. The open range

is contracting. Every dry farmer, ev-

ery acre put under crop, whether it

be successful or not, means restricted

grazing. As the cattle are gradually

disappearing from our western plains,

so the sheep will need to graze in en-

closed pasturgsél or at least on land

owned or lea e by our ﬂockmasters.

This condition will not come all at

a_nce, but slowly, surely the lines are

tightening. The remedy lies in our

getting back to the farm, back to the

homesteads of Illinois, Indiana, and

Ohio, to the stump lands of Michigan,

to the wornout farms of New Eng-

land, to the hillsides of Virginia and

kindred states. This fall, on account

of money matters, we are having an

up and down. market, but the writing

is on the wall in strong lettering that

except we commence reproduction of

our ﬂock and ﬂeece, we are in for

high prices in this line of live stock

such as were seen in cattle and hogs.”

. Cattle of prime beef grade are sell-

ing at unusually high prices still be-

cause of their growing scarcity, while

the numerous consignments of grass

cattle offered in Chicago and Missouri

river markets have undergone a big

decline, with native grass cattle forc-

ed to compete with cattle from the

western ranges. ,


The Chicago Live Stock Exchange

has passed the proposed substitute

for the telegraph and telephone rule.

The rule now adopted prevents mem-

bers from sending prepaid telegrams

or telephone messages, or receiving

messages sent collect. The penalty

provided for live stock commission

men, violating the rule is censure,

ﬁne, saspension or expulsion.
r:..;.»‘r _. ,.-‘. , .11».


00's. ﬁﬁ 1914. ,.


THIS IS


an: PIRST EDlTlON.


The ﬁrst edition is sent to those who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

line.


DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.


Thursday’s Market.

October 15, 1914.

Cattle.


Receipts 1311; market steady. Best

heavy steers (quotable) $8.50@8.75;

best handy weight butcher steers $7.50

@8; mixed steers and heifers $7@

7.25; handy light butchers $6.50@7.25;

light butchers $6.25@6.75; best cows

$6@6.50; butcher cows $5.25@5.7-5;

common cows $4.50@5; canners $3.50

@450; best heavy bulls $6@6.75; bo-

logna bulls $5.50@5.75; stock bulls

$5@5.50; feeders $6.50@7.25; stockers

$5.50@6.25; milkers and springers $40

@90.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. &

Co. 2 cows av 980 at $4.75, 12 do av

900 at $4.75; to Smith 21 stockers av

540 at $6; to Watkins 39 do av 505 at

$6; to.Sullivan P. Co. 5 cows av 980

at $5.90, 9 butchers av 750 at $6.50.

4 cows av 750 at $6.50; to Bresnahan

3 cows av 850 at $4.25; to Parker, W.

& Co. 2 bulls av 1150 at $6; to Ratt-

kowsky 3 butchers av 600 at $5.25; to

Mason B. Co. 1 steer wgh 1180 at $8.

16 butchers av. 920 at $7; to Apple-

baum 3 cows av 875 at $5; to Newton

B. Co. 2 steers av 925 at $8, 2 do av

1150 at $6, 4 cows av 800 at $5.50, 1

heifer W h 850 at $6.75, 1 steer wgh

1030 at 7.50, 1 bull wgh 1100 at $6;

to Watkins 14 stockers av 650 at

$5.50, 2 do av 400 at $5, 10 do av 632

at $6; to Breitenbeck 9 steers av 950

at $7.35, 2 cows av 1100 at $5.50; to

Thompson Bros. 2 do av 910 at $5.50:

to Breitenbeck 2 do av 870 at $4.25, 6

.do av 950 at $4.75: to Watkins 26

stockers av 550 at $6.25, 35 do av 626

at $6.25, 41 do av 531 at $6.10; to

Newton B. Co. 27 butchers av 840 at

$6.75; to Mich. B. Co. 4 steers av 900

at $7.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 10 cows

av 1084 at $4.75: to Rattkowsky 9 do

av 1032 at $5.60; to Mason B. Co. 4

do av 962 at $6.25, 3 do av 747 at

$5.25, 5 butchers av 800 at $6.65, 2 do

av 765 at $7, 1 cow wgh 1150 at $5.50.


Haley & M. sold Resnick 3 butchers

av 553 at $5.25; to Breitenbeck 11 do

av 782 at $6.85, 9 do av 842 at $6.85;

to Lachalt 1 steer wgh 760 at $6.50. 3

do av 817 at $6.50: to Kamman B. Co.

1 cow wgh 950 at $6, 1 steer wgh 1080

at $7.75. 9 do av 751 at $6.95; to Ham‘-

mond, S. & Co. 12 butchers av 770 at

$6.35, 10 do av 559 at $5.75, 23 (10‘ av

550 at $5.75; to Resnick 1 cow wgh

1020 at $5, 1 do wgh 770 at $5.40: to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 do av 1070 at $6.25.

1 do wgh 940 at $5.25, 1 bull wgh 890

at $6; to Applebaum 2 do av 590 at

$5; to Findlay 4 stockers av 620 at

$6.25; to Spencer 20 do av 585 at $6.

20 do av 507 at $6; to Kamman B. Co.

16 Butchers av 783 at $6.65: to

Thompson Bros. 1 cow w h 1230 at

$6.25, 1 steer wgh 1030 at 7.25, 2 do

av 425 at $6.50, 2 cows av 815 at $5,

1 do wgh 880 at $6: to Shapero 8

butchers av 462 at $5.40.


Veal Calves.


Receipts 511. Market 25@500 low-

er: few extra at $11.25@11.50; good

$10@11; others $7@9.50.


Spicer & R. sold Kull 5 av 150 at

$10.50; to Thompson Bros. 15 av 140

at $10.40; to Parker, W. & Co. 7 av

185 at $11; to Rattkowsky 5 av‘ 150 at

$10.50, 1 wgh 140 at $11.


Roe Com. Co. sold Rattkowsky 3 av

120 at $11, 3 av 135 at $7, 1 wgh 340

at $6.50, 6 av 150 at $11, 3 av 110


at $8.

Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts 7235; market steady. Best

lambs $7.50; fair lambs $7@7.35; light

to common lambs $6.25@6.75; fair to

good sheep $4@5: culls and common

$2.50@3.50.


Haley & M. sold Thompson Bros.

36 sheep av 90 at $4.35, 42 lambs av

70 at $7.40, 25 do av 60 at $6.75; to

Sullivan P. Co. 39 sheep av 90 at

$4.50, 21 do av 100 at $4.65, 23 lambs

av 70 at $6.75, 172 do av 80 at $7.50.


Spicer & R. sold Hayes 6 lambs av

60 at $7; to Rattkowsky 15 sheep av

110 at $4.50; to Mich. B. Co. 6 do av

115 at $3.50, 31 lambs av 75 at $7.50,

46 do av 70 at $7.50, 38 do av 70 at

$7.35, 25 do av 83 at $7.25.


. Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.

13 lambs av 55 at $6.50, 23 sheep av

120 at $4.50, 13 do av 100 at $4, 14 do

av 100 at $4.60; to Nagle P. Co. 80

lambs av 72 at $7.40, 98 do av 82 at

$7.30, 115 do av 85 at $7.25. 66 do av

80 at $7.40, 22 sheep av 95 at $4.50,


16 ‘do av 105 at $4.50; to Hayes 15

lambs av 55 at $6.50.

Home.


Receipts 5997. Wednesday’s sales


were at steady prices. Pigs $7.50;


others $7.80@7.85.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S.

& Co. 2200 av 190 at $7.85, 275 av 160

at $7.80.

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Go.


gtlgoav 200 at $7.85, 100 av 160 at

. Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co.


THEMI can EGAN ' FA R M E R,


260 av 200 at $7.85, 75 av 160 at $7.80.


Thursday’s-market at a standstill as

we go to press, with packers bidding

$7.80 for tops and shippers refusing to

sell at that price.


Friday's Market.

October 16, 1914.


Cattle.

Receipts this week 1388; last week

1952; market steady. Best heavy


steers $8.50; best handy weight butch-

er steers $7.50@8; mixed steers and

heifers $7@7.25; handy light butchers

$6.50@7.25; light butchers $6.25@

6.75; best cows $6@6.50; butcher

cows $5.25@5.75; common cows $4.50

@5; canners $3.50@4.50; best heavy

bulls $6@6.7.5; bologna bulls $5.50@

5.75; st0ck bulls $5@5.50; feeders

$6.50@7.25; stockers $5.50@6.25;mi1k-

ers and-springers $40@90.


Veal Calves.


Receipts this week 599; last week

678; market steady. Best $11@11.25;

others $7@9.50.


Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts this week 8578; last week

8538; market steady. Best lambs

$7.50; fair lambs $7@7.35; light to

common lambs $6.25@6.75; fair to

good sheep $4@4.75; culls and com-

mon $2.50@3.50.


Hogs.

Receipts this week 7478; last Week

9326; market slow. Pigs $7.50; oth-

ers $7.70@7.80.


LIVE STOCK NEWS.


Frank B. McLain writes from Lan-

caster, Pa., that feeder cattle are

scarce, their scarcity being aggravat-

ed by the shutting down of the Can-

adian cattle because of the high rate

of money exchange between the Uni-

ted States and Canada. The best feed-

ers offered on the Lancaster market

recently averaged 940 pounds and cost

$8.15 per 100 pounds. They were ship-

ped there from Chicago. Eastern feed-

er cattle markets have been in a heal-

thy condition.


Several country buyers have paid

pretty steep prices in the Chicago

market of late for nice feeding lambs.

-A short time ago an Ohio buying or-

der for 500 head of choice ﬂeshy

lambs for a short feed was ﬁlled at

$7.25 per 100 pounds. but the lambs

were really of killing grade, with the

best 58 to 60-p0und feeders held at

the same time at $7.10@7.15 without

ﬁnding ready purchasers. Since then

the best Idaho range feeding lambs

have sold up to $7.40, with quick sales

near that price.


The meager oiferings of common

canning and butchering cattle in the

Chicago stock yards in recent weeks

resulted in the big packing ﬁrms send-

ing agents throughout stock feeding

districts for picking up such'stock

from ﬁrst hands, and considerable

numbers were secured in this man-

ner. Other markets were drawn upon

at the same time, and in a single day


upwards of 25 carloads of cheap cow


stuff arrived from other points, in-

cluding seven cars of Canadians from

Buffalo, and job lots from Cincinnati,

Milwaukee, St. Louis and elsewhere.


Oscar Cain, of Iowa, son of Edward

Cain, who, before his recent retire-

ment, was one of the largest cattle

feeders in that state, arrived on the

Chicago market with a shipment of

two cars of prime heavy beeves that

tipped the scales at 1465 lbs. There

were 32 head of them and they

brought $10.90 per 100 lbs. They

were put on full feed on April 1 last,

and Mr. Cain said they brought him

more money than any other cattle he

ever fed, and were good money-mak-

ers. He said there are very few cat-

tle being bought to put on feed in his

locality, and added that he owned a

load of heavy sows that looked much

lower in value than cattle.


John Blanchard. the widely-known

feeder of lambs, of Wisconsin, made

his appearance in the Chicago stock

yards recently in search of high-class

range feeding lambs. He said he is

going to feed about his usual number

of lambs the coming winter, or about

8,000 head, and he intends to conﬁne

his purchases to a ﬂeshy, breedy

class, believing that in this period

of high' feed prices the meat can be

bought cheaper than it can be put on

a lamb carcass. Regardless of the

ﬂesh his feeders carry when put in

the feeding sheds, it is a safe uess

that Mr. Blanchard’s lambs wil be

ﬁnally marketed in prime condition.


South Dakota cattlemen say the

range never looked better than this

season, but most of the former large

cattlemen have been forced to small-

er pastures and smaller herds, while

the newly settled farmers are buying

small herds of cattle.


Buyers for the commissaries of. the

French, British and Belgian armies

were reported as quietly buying meat

and other supplies in Chicago a few

days ago. These buyers were operat-

ing secretly and required dealers to

remain silent about these negotiations.

Packers have been free buyers of the


cheaper class of live stock suitable.


for canning purposes of late,


espe-

cially canning cattle.


gilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIll|IllllllllllllllllIlllllllllElliIllHIllllllllllllIll|Illllllllllll"mulling:g


Veterinary.


ﬁllllI||IlllllllllllllIllIllllIIIllIllllI|lIllilllllIlIllMlIIlllllIlllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.


Advice through this department is

free to our subscribers. Each com-

munication should state history and

symptoms of the case in full; also

name and address of writer. Initials

only will be published. Many quer-

ies are answered that apply to the

same ailments. if this column is

watched carefully you will probably

ﬁnd the desired information in a re-

ply that has been made to someone

else. When reply by mail is request-

ed. it becomes private practice, and a

fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.


lllllllllIlllllllllllllll


Suppurative Lumpjaw.-—I have a

cow that has a bunch on jaw; it oc—

casionally breaks and runs, and I

would like to know if it is curable.

H. H., Armada, Mich—Apply tincture

of iodine to sore and surrounding

edges every day or two. Give her 2

drs. of potassium iodide at a dose

two or three times a day and if this

treatment fails to effect a cure, fatten

her. Perhaps you had better segre-

gate her.


Contagious Abortion.—We have a

small cow which we believe has con-

tagious abortion. Had we better try

to effect a cure, and if so, what had

we better apply? I have tried com-

mercial remedies, but they fail in this

case. Is there any danger of bull be-

coming infected when mated to her?

B. L. P., Fowlerville, Mich.———If this

cow is the only one in your herd that

has miscarried, dispose of her to the

best possible advantage, but, of

course, tell why you are getting rid

of her. A diseased cow is pretty cer-

tain to disease bull at time of service

unless he is properly treated.


Shrinkage of Milk Yield.—~l have a

heifer calf that dropped her calf last

June; has had no udder trouble dur-

ing the summer that I know of, but

the milk from one-quarter seems to be

decreasing, but this cow seems to be

in perfect health. She runs in clover

and oat pasture, but is not fed any

grain. J. D. P., Chesaning, Mich.—

Increase her milk producing food sup

ply by giving her some grain twice a

day and hand—rub inactive portion of

udder twice a day.


Indigestion—~Diarrhea.—I have six

nice pigs about seven weeks old that

were weaned a few days ago, and am

feeding them on milk, bran, cooked

apples, carrots and Small potatoes, all

mixed together and every one of them

have bowel trouble. E. E. 8., Jack

son, Mich—All that is required is a

change of feed, the mixture you are

feeding is an unﬁt ration for such

young pigs. Give them milk, some oat

meal, with perhaps a little corn meal

added, but discontinue feeding them

roots as they are too loosening for

such young pigs. Give them each 10

or 15 drops of tincture ginger and two

or three grains of subnitrate of his-

muth at a dose two or three times a


daﬁ.


oup.—-—I should like to ask advice

on the subject of a new disease among

our chickens. The nostrils ﬁll with

mucus till they can no longer breathe

through them. W. J. D., Elm Hall,

Mich—Your fowls either have nasal


catarrh, or roup. Dip the beak in one ' ,


part peroxide of hydrogen and four

parts clean water two or three times

a day and give each fowl 1 gr. of pow-

dered sulphate iron and 3 grs. of bak~

ing soda at a dose two or three times

a day. Are your fowls not roosting in

a damp place where there is a draft?

The outside openings to your coop

should be screened with either ﬁne

wire or muslin.


Bunch in Teat.-—Please tell me how

to remove a hard lump from cow's

teat. G. N. P., Kalamazoo, Mich.—

The only way to remove some hard

bunches from cow’s teat is by a sur-


Weakness — Sore Shoulder —— Side-

bone.—Last spring my mare had a

colt which only lived 24 hours; short-

ly after this she lost ﬂesh and has

been out of condition since. She ap—

pears to be weak, and tires easily.

She also has a very sore shoulder and

I have been using commercial reme’

dies, but shoulder is not yet well. Am

feeding her ﬁve quarts of cats and

ﬁve ears of corn at a feed. She also

has what our local Vet. calls sidebone

and the paste he gave me failed to

effect a cure. My neighbor also pre-

scribed a remedy which he said had

taken off three, but it failed, in this

case. W. W. E., East Lake, Mich.—

Give your mare a dessertspoonful of

Fowler's solution, 1A,, dr. ﬂuid extract

nux vomica at a dose three times a

day. Apply equal parts boracic acid

and oxide of zinc to sore shoulders

twice a day. Also apply one part red

iodide mercury and four parts lard to

sidebone every week or ten days.

gical operation; however, this should

be done by a competent veterinary

surgeon. Some bunches are reduced


194—363


pretty much entirely by applying one

part iodine and 19 parts fresh lard.

Enlarged Throat Gland—4 had a

shost which was all right until a few

days ago. when it began to breathe

hard and cough. I put it in a pen

alone, it would eat corn, but would

not drink very much 'milk. The pig

gradually grew worse, breathing much

like a horse with heaves. I killed it

and found a growth in its throat about

the size of an egg, which was hard.

(Continued on page 367).


Farmer M

$150.00 a Month


and More - Inst-Inns


Wasson’s Patent Rubbing Post


1 in Solid Petroleum Dip. An automatic

(10%?)0‘; 3desiggned to kill lice on hogs—and free

them from mange. Keeps the skin of swme in a

healthy condition. Hogcholera‘sﬁrstpreventive.

Prevents contagion. The hog does all the work.

Pays foritself in three months. Farmers travel

miles to see, and eager to buy. Thousands now

in use. Every buyer a bloositxer. Sell onefarmgfl


0 ill sell them al . ents avers. mg

ti; 0:43;. month—making $15050 mmlﬁprcﬂt


o


' dd. A form I hand can sell

experience nee e ny locality. Get


em. Only one agent in each .

:gur territorynow,beforesome one .i.|. elsegetsit. Act

quick -tomorr0w may be flal .1/~""

toolate. Write for our com ,I i . \ on ' V. ,

vincing offer and liberal ,4 , n .

terms. Address: a“ mum


Wesson Mfg. Co.

1 15 Bank Bldg.

P.of|., “WHO'S


LET "8 TA

YOUR HIDE.


Cattle or Horse hide. Calf, Dog, Deer

or any kind of skin with hair or fur on.

We Can and finish them right: make

them into coats (for men and women).

robes. rugs or gloves when ordered.


Your fur goods will cost on less than

to buy them, and be wort more. Our -

Illustrated catalog gives a. lot of in‘ '

formation which every stock raiser

should have. but we never-send out this

valuable book except upon request.


It; tells how to take oi! and care for ,‘

hides; how and when we pay tho freight

bolh ways about our safe dyeing pro-

cess Willi'll is a. tremendous advantage

to the customer. especially on horse

hides and on" oklno: about the ‘t‘ur

goods and game trophies we sell. taxi-

dermy. etc. If you want a. copy send us

your correct address.

The Crosby Frisian Fur Company. »—'


571 Lyell Ave., Rochester. N. Y.


' ‘l".


I


FARM


m, Telephone


”'33:?!” Free


Fully explains most


companies, by-laws, rules

and helpful advxce by ex-

perts. Every


needs


outed" Telephonoo. I! you

have no line. let us nelp

you start one. Sand for


Catalogue and paces. .


wedisb-American

Telephone Mfg. to.

M 2 4. am, I".


PERRY COW STALLS


If you want the

best and latest

improvements in

dairy barn equip-

ment install the

PERRY. it is the

best from ever .

s t. a ndpoint. 3

days trial to con-

vince. Stanch-

ions, Stalls, Lit-

ter and Feed Car-

‘ Write for

catalogue a n d


W :1 t

NOW. We have a proposition to oﬂ‘e’lr. 0


THE PERRY MF'G CO., Holly, Mich.


LIVE Let us handle your

POULTIIY, poultry, fruits , farm pro-

BlolLERS. ducts. Our 25 years in

FRUITS. the same store assures

PoTATol'IS, your satisfactory results.

31:3)ng CHIS. W. RUDD & Sill.


Delroll, Michigan.


—Wo are ayin ﬁve to ei ht cents above

FARMER highest gﬁcisﬁ Detroit nrket quota-

tion for newloid eggs shipped direct to us by express.

Write us for information. It_will no you. American

Butter 6‘: Cheese 00., “-33 Griswold t..‘Detroit,Mich.


' W11 1 l O ’ '

ﬁnest. Full" in Cm. p.332? ° wit?“ 331?.“ 3.522:


potatoes. poultry and rabbits. Quick returns.

W E. 1. Richmond 00.. llelroil.


HA 1...

MAKE YOUR.


APPLES AND Pll'l‘A'l'oliS swung 10


E. L. RICHMOND 00.. Detroit. Mich.


E urmsnnasou: Humanismc...

' ' IOan furnish a few families

with their winter supply of honey.in gallon syrup can

by parcel post. Those wanting to buy direct from the

producer should write them before their crop is sold.


-We pay highest market price for


allwny Mail Clerks. Clerk-Carriers and Rural Oar-

R rien wanted. Iconduct Examinations, can hell-p


you. Trial Examination Free. Ozment. 17 B. Bil. Inn

9


‘ Ship your Hay in Pittsburgh and in


Denial McCallruy sous company

Pittsburgh. Pa.


[let—any bank or Mercantile Agency.


. 1...... 1&1... 1.1. .». 1.. 1...... .. 1,...
' 7 364—20 " ll


WProtect Your Home

M Against Roof

an


.1


—the- most frequent and dangerous.

Protect it against the ravages of rain

and snow storms by rooﬁng with


. Metal Shingles


" We Pay the Freight ’ '


You can now buy direct from us at


factory prices and save money.

_ These long-life shingles are ﬁre-resist-

‘ ing, Weather-proof, cold and heat-proof.

; Cheaper than wood shingles and easier

, and quicker to lay. Do not rot, curl,

crack, buckle nor fall off.


Every shingle guaranteed. Made of full

28-gauge steel, painted or galvanized, and

come Single, ei ht to sheet or in clus-

ters 2 ft. by any ength 5 to 10 ft.


Send for-New Big Catalog. Shows how

to get full protection at a very low cost.


KANNEBERG ROOFING 8: CEILING C0.

Est. 1886 1434 Douglas Street. Canton, Ohio


ALUMINUM SHOES


Will outwear 4 or 5 pairs of the old style

leather work shoes; lighter and better than

steel shoes and W111 not rust. Made of the

best waterproof leather uppers -—- cast alu-

minum soles and best horse hair and

felt cushion insoles. Every pair is guaranteed

thoroughlg waterproof and Will keep your feet

warm an dry in all kinds of weather. Save

money and doctor bills. Buy a pair of our Alu-

minum Soled Shoes and protect yourself from

wet feet, colds, sore throat and rheumatism.

Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back.

Write for our free descriptivetooklet today.

A postal brings it by return mail.


THE METAL WORKSHOE 00., Box 500 ,llacine, Wis.


RUN 0N KEROSENE


Be [or 1 0 Hours

Ellis Engines develop more power on cheap lamp

oil than other engines do on high-priced gasoline.

Will also operate successfully on distillate, petrol.

alcohol or gasoline. Only three working parts.


have patent throttle givingthree en-

gines in one; force-iced oiler; auto.

mobile type mufﬂer; brill-bearing

governor adjustable while run-

ning and othcrexelusive features.

MAKE US PROVE IT—

Every engine sent on 30 days' ap-

proval. lO-ycnr Guarantee. Special

factory prices on all sizes. Thou-

sands of satisfied users. Write for

big new 1914 catalog and special

discount prices. ‘ We Pay Freight.

ELLIS ENGXNE 1.0.. 110 Mullet! SL, Detroit.mch.


/


5.x


r“—“WDN


with a

ROSENTHAL

Corn Husker

and Shredder . mam...


Most economical and catlslaetory way of handling

your corn crop. No delay, no oxya help. Do it Illl

our own spare time. Only 6 to 8 h. p. to run it.

uilt on same sturdy, success lines as our larger

machines. Absolutely safe to operate. 19 years in the field.


SOLD ON TRIAL mm“

N0 RISK

ROSENTHAI. CORN HUSKER C0. Box - 2.Milwaiikee, Wis.

Also makers of Feed Cutters and Silo Fillers.

’ Letz use325 per

a o 11 a 3 cent less gas—l set

buhrs inds 1000-

—-wet, dry or oily—out hulls, corn on

cob, alfalfa—can’t clog. —

Try it 10 free. If not satis-

ﬁed, send ack at our ex-

engine when you write.

Luz "to. 00.. 2 lo Inc Read.


Write today. stating horsepower of your engine

MORE FEED per

. 8"


8000 bu. Grinds all kinds of feed


Inzssw mills, Q


c - or Clllné i cni- u

V II ¥ 1

r .I

pause. Give H. P. of

Crown Point, Ind.


Mlchigan White Cedar


FENCE POSTS


GEORGE H. CHANDLER. Onaway. lich.


' THE MICHIGAN FA’RMER


' Practical


anllllllllllllll"IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIllIIllIllIIIll|lllllll!IIIlllllillllllllllllllllliﬂlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllIilllllllllllIllllilllllllllllﬂlllm.llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllﬁj


lllll


Science.


EllllllllllllllllIllIl|lllllIIlllIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIllll|IlllllIllllllIllllllIlllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllIIllllIlllmlllllllllllllllllllllll|IillIllllIllllIllllIlllIlIllllllIllllIIllIIllllIlllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllss’ll


DISINFECTION AND DISINFEC-

TANTS.

BY FLOYD W. ROBISON.


Disinfectants have a very important

part to play in modern farm life. It

is quite- generally acknowledged that

without the employment of suitable

fungicides and insecticides and effec-

tive‘ spraying, orchard culture in this

section of the country is impossible,

and many other forms of agriculture

industry are likewise made more prof-

itable by the employment of suitable

disinfectants. The employment of in-

secticides in spraying materials ac-

complishes the same purpose that is

accomplished by the use of germi-

cidal disinfectants in general disin-

fection. Insects and bacteria are par-

asitic in their relationship to man and

animals. With the increase in urban

population the use of disinfectants in

the sterilization of sewage and in the

disinfection of many municipal water

supplies has become a vital necessity.

With a city situated in such a. condi—

tion as is the city of Detroit, without

the employment of a suitable disin-

fection of its water supply, the life

and health of the entire population

are placed in jeopardy. There are

many more reasons why the employ-

ment of disinfectants should be fa-

miliar to every rural inhabitant. The

water supply in the rural communities

is in a very great many instances far

from satisfactory and a long way re-

moved from safety. Not only is this

true of the water supply but it is true

as well of the food supply and the

surroundings in general of the home

on the farm are far from satisfactory

from the standpoint of sanitation and

health. There is no need for this con-

dition to exist.


Disinfectants Conserve Health.


The employment of suitable pre-

ventative measures, together with

proper disinfection will make farm

surroundings from a health standpoint

as satisfactory as the city home.


It really is an excellent training for

one who is to spend his life upon a

farm if he can live for a time in a

progressive urban community. He

then has an opportunity to see at ﬁrst

instance how simple the matter of

protection from the parasites of man

and animals by the employment of

suitable preventative means and prop-

er disinfection. For instance, there

are ordinances in many cities which

require that barns where horses and

stock are kept, should be screened in

such a manner that there is no op-

portunity for the breeding of ﬂies, and

the encouragement of other forms of

animal parasites. In other places this

same result is accomplished by efﬁ-

cient disinfection. Modern medical

science has shown to us that there

are many destructive diseases that

are transmitted indirectly by certain

insects. It has been demonstrated

that the yellow fever may be trans-

mitted by mosquitoes; likewise that

malaria. may be conveyed from one

individual to another in a similar

manner. We know deﬁnitely that the

germs of Texas fever are transmitted

from one cow to another by means of

the Texas cattle tick. It is suspected

that rodents are the cause of certain

other obnoxious and destructive dis-

eases.


Combating Insect Life.


It seems apparent, reasoning from

analogy, that one should expect that

ﬂies, mosquitoes and insects in gen-

eral are the cause of transmission of

disease and fungus troubles from one

place to another.


There is a method well known for

combatting mosquitoes. Stagnant

pools of water are known to be breed-

ing places of these insects. Coal oil


and other types of disinfectants are


farm a little attention and a little

spraying of the stagnant pools with

coal oil will quite effectively rid the

premises of this troublesome pest.

(Continued next week).


LABORATORY REPORT.


How to Keep Cider Sweet.


Please tell me how to keep cider

from turning to vinegar.

Iosco Co. SUBSCRIBER.


The best way to keep cider from

turning to vinegar is to keep it out of

contact of air and in a cool place. If

the cider is in a barrel the barrel

should be ﬁlled as nearly as possible

and thentaken down cellar where it

is very cool. The bung should be in-

serted loosely or a layer of cottonseed

oil may be poured over the top of the

cider, and then, of course, when the

cider is drawn off it will be necessary

to draw it from beneath the oil. This

will quite effectively keep the air

from it and if kept cool the cider

should keep a long time if it is not

agitated. If one has simply a. small

quantity of cider it may be kept by

canning just the same as grape juice

is kept sweet.


Even though it is stored in the cel-I


lar where it is cool, alcoholic fermen-

tation will gradually but slowly creep

in, but probably not sufﬁciently

enough to cause any annoyance for

a considerable period.


A barrel of cider cooled and prop-

erly protected with a layer of oil

should not turn to vinegar for a long

time, probably in two years it will

still be very low in acid content.


Canning Pumpkin.


Will the person who is writing the

article on “Canning Vegetables in the

Home,’_’ please tell just how to can

pumpkin? I am so careful and it

looks all right, but when I open the


can there is no mold, but it is sour.

Eaton Co. A. M. S.


Pumpkin is quite a. difﬁcult product

to can for it makes quite a suitable

culture media. for bacteria growth. If

it is placed in glass jars a good way

to make it keep is as follows: Fill

the jar with the pumpkin and put the

cover on lightly. Then set it in a.

boiler, surrounded with water; bring

the temperature to boiling and main-

tain this temperature for about 45

minutes. Then screw the can down

while hot or, if one of the wide-mouth-

ed cans is used, it may be made tight

by simply springing down the clamp.

Allow the can to stand for 24 hours;

then heat it again in the boiler in boil-

ing water for 30 minutes the second

day; allow to cool again, and repeat

this treatment the third day. We

think under this treatment no difﬁ-

culty will be found in the product

keeping.


CONCRETE CISTERNS.


In making a new concrete cistern

all that is necessary to have rain wa-

ter soft from the ﬁrst is to thoroughly

coat the walls by using two parts

cement and one part lime in water to

make a rather thick wash. Apply

with a brush until the walls have a

glazed appearance. In four or more

hours wash the walls down thorough-

ly by using 10 to 15 gallons of water

and a broom. Repeat the washing lat-

er with the water and the cistern will

be ready for rain water and give no

further trouble.


Some of the chemical coatings are

very dangerous to use in a close place

like a cistern. A man in our neigh-

borhood nearly lost his life by being

overcome by the gas formed while

coating 3. tank—was nearly dead when

found—W. G. Boyd, Hillsdale Co.


‘5‘. ~ 4 Li V3:


. \ \RKS


\\\\\\ \\ \\\\\\\\\:\\\\Wi\='

NW lt's the


0- Caterpillar Track


that does it


lilo‘USPotOfl


72 inches long, 24 inches

wide; turns all the power into

"pull". This tractor works on

soft or rough ground where

others can't. Plows; hauls;

builds roads. Get Catalog E 14‘]

I48 and make us prove our

claims.


THE HOLT MFG. CO., INC.


pear“, in, Stockton. Cal.


Nelson'l‘aiilt Heater

-Two weeks li'eeTrial


’ I ‘HE Nelson Tank Heater cuts fuel


cost in half and heats water in half


the time required by any other heat-

er! Absolutely no heat wasted as entire

heating surface is under water. Bums

coal, wood, straw. corn cobs. rubbish—anv-

thing that will burn in a furnace. .Ashes

removed in a few seconds without disturb-

ing heater. Ask your dealer—or have us

send you 9. Nelson Tank Heater on two

weeks free trial at our risk.


Write fto-


Nolson Mfg. Co.. 2331113;


18 Wall St. and testi-

Deerﬁeld, Wis. momals.


AMERICAN

STEEL POST


FENCE


Made by Amorlcan Stool & “In. Company

High-class steel, heavily coated with zinc. Strong

enough to hold up an wire fence and furnish all nec-

essary resistance. nd and corner posts so strong

that they will maintain any Wire fence made.


Cheaper than Wood and More Durable

Adapted to all conditions and absolutely satisfac‘

tory, no matter how heavy the fence nor how hard the

usage after the fence is erected. Give better serwce

than wood post, and you get the benefit of every post

in the fence from year to year, while wood posts

burn, rot and decay from the start. Have been in

service since 1898, in every section of the United

States, and the oldest posts new as ood_ as when set.

Adapted toailfences. lncreasest e lifepf a fence.

A Wire fence on wooden posts is like building a brick

house on a wood foundation. For sale by dealer.

everywhere. Big picture catalog FREE.

Amorlean Stool & ero 00.. Chlcago, New York


1x to 10 H. P. Standard for all farm as shop

work for 26 ears. Recommended by users in all

parts of wor (1. Every engine built under personal >

direction of Ed. H. Witte,Msster Engine-builder.

60 Days Free Trial. 5-Year Guaranty.

En glues shipped ready to work, easy to start and

run. Never wear out, always pull ’-

steady and use less fuel. - ‘ ' '- i

Get our Free Catalog with

latest reduced priceo.

WITI'E IRON WORKS 00.

21970ak|aml Ave.. , "

KANSAS CITY. - M0.


ND 150 BU.PER HOUR]

LESS THAN i¢ rm BUSHEL!


Bowsher Mills often reduce the

cost of gri ndin g one-half.

That's because they are light

running with perfect conical shape

grinders. different from all others.


(Sold with or without elevator)

Crush ear corn with or without

chucks) and Grln all kind: of small

grains. Handy to operate. 10 sizes—


to 26 H. P. Also sweep grinders.

FREE Erin‘na'sma'é

\\ DN-P-Bomlierﬂo.


lunilu llll Ilchim Farmer vim Irlilnx advertiser:


oer. 2:. 1914.’


&
S‘OCT241914


g E-

Poultry and Bees.

g"IIIIIllllllllllllllllIllllllﬂllIllllllﬂllllﬂlﬂlllillllllllllllIlllllllﬂlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllIllllllllillllllllllllllllllllilllllﬂ'llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUlllﬂllllllIIllllllllﬂllﬂllllllllhﬂllﬁ


The Why of the Open—Front House.


IRDS of all kinds are creatures


of high temperature. Very few


breeders have connected this

fact with open-front houses and oxy-

gen-free arrangements in the poultry

buildings. Why do certain reptiles

hide away at the approach of cold

weather? Because they are cold-

blooded organisms and cannot with-

stand the ravages of freezing temper-

atures. The blood of snakes, lizards,

frogs and turtles shows a temperature

of 80 degrees F., or less. At the op-

posite end of the scale are the birds

with temperatures ranging, in some

species, as high as 110 degrees or

higher. Careful experiments by cer-

tain stations have shown that the nor-

mal temperature of a hen is in the

vicinity of 107 to 108 degrees. The

lighter breeds may show a tempera-

ture slightly above the latter ﬁgure,

while the heavier breeds show the

lower. Reptiles, with the low temper-

ature, cannot withstand the cold; man

with a normal temperature of a little

above 98 degrees, by the aid of arti-

ﬁcial covering, is able to survive; but

the birds with still higher range of

body heat is provided by nature to

keep out the cold. '


Free Circulation of Air Necessary.

Do you think a closed and poorly


ventilated house is a suitable place »


for an organism of this kind? If they

are provided by nature to survive the

cold, the only thing then, for man to

do is to shelter them from the ele~

ments and give them proper food, and

that in abundance. Hens, of course,

will not lay well if not kept comfort-

able. The tightly-closed house, with

an abundance of glass, is not what

makes them comfortable, however. On

the contrary, a free circulation of air

is necessary and. were it not for wat-

tles and combs—which have been put

on by man’s breeding—much less

shelter would be required.


Natural for Chickens to Withstand

Cold.


When a human being registers a

temperature of over 100 degrees he is

ill; at 105 to 106 he is very ill, yet a

hen’s temperature is considerably

above that point when she is in

health. Doctors agree that a fever

patient with a temperature of 104 de-

grees could safely lie in a snow bank.

Why should not a hen, with a normal

temperature still higher be able to (lo

the same? I believe one of the great-

est factors in winter egg-production,

then, is in keeping the house airy and

open, that the fowls may not suffer

from over—heating. Look to nature

for teaching in the matter. Birds of

the class to which domestic fowls be-

long inhabit the coldest climates and

seek out their food in the open. Can

we, then, expect a hen to be comfort-

able in closed quarters? If she is not

comfortable she will not lay, no mat-

ter how well she may be fed.


The Importance of Oxygen.


It is plain that many of the fail-

ures and indifferent successes in the

poultry business, which we see on

every hand, are due to this cause. The

open-front house allows plenty of oxy-

gen to circulate, and this is the great-

est life-giving element in nature. Hens

in this house will be active and alert,

they will consume large quantities of

food; they will assimilate and digest

food rapidly, and they will lay. On

the other hand, in the closed houses

the hen will be listless and inert, pre-

ferring to siton the roost half the day

rather than come down and eat. She

is. obliged 'to breathe carbon dioxide,

and her digestion will soon be in "poor

condition. The least draft of air may


_, .1.

'l


TH E


bring on a cold, and roup is liable to

develop, simply because her vitality

is low through lack of oxygen.


The Disadvantages of Much Glass.


Looking at the matter carefully and

keeping the blood temperature of a.

normal hen in mind, there is no rea-

son for the closed, poorly ventilated

house. Much glass is inexcusable in

this day. This collects the heat dur-~

ing the hours of sunlight, and it al-

lows the cold to some in in the same

way. Cooling of the old worn-out air

inside the (house works havoc. Afresh

supply of oxygen, even if of low tem.

perature, invigorates and strengthens.

As the poultry business is given more

careful thought and the experiment

stations are searching out things like

the temperature of a hen, many old

ideas are giving way to the new. One

of the most noticeable of these has

been the revolution in building the

house.


New Hamp. C. H. CHESLEY.


CULL,CULL,CULL.


Four letters—CULIr—should be writ-

ten large over the doorway of every


hen house. The fall is a good season,

none better, to practice what they

preach.


To begin with, the ﬂock should be

of one variety, although that reallyl


makes a chapter by itself because of!


its importance. Therefore, decide on

one variety and cull out all others un-

less you plan to keep several pure-

bred ﬂocks, which involves separate

yards. Having your kind of chickens

by themselves, proceed to cull again,

this time disposing of all fowls over

18 months of age, all cripples, cross-

bills, and weak or stunted ones. Then

cull again, taking out the off-colored

birds, those that are markedly culls

as to color. And still cull again, last—

1y taking out all the cockerels and

male birds and shutting up for fatten-

ing all that will not be needed for

breeding purposes later.


Most of you who read these lines

will not have the nerve to make so

Vigorous culling of your ﬂock as this.

Very well, if you prefer, keep your

cull birds at a loss of feed or of your

reputation as an up-todate farmer.

But if by any means you can bring

yourl'elf to practice such drastic good

sense, you will not regret it. The old-

est pullets will look plump and even

in color—a beautiful sight. The hens,

robbed of their. old, disreputable mes-

dames, will soon settle down to egg

business. The few choice males which

you saved will grow more vigorous

that they do not have to divide pen

and feed with their scrappy com-

rades. And the little, late-hatched fel-

lows—how they will enjoy and make

good use of their freedom from being

tramped under many feet.


Even after all this, if you still have

less than four square feet of ﬂoor

room in your house for every pullet

and hen you have saved, then once

again, cull, cull, until you have reduc-

ed your birds to the space you pos-

sess. Whatever else you do before

snow ﬂies, cull the chickens.


JENNIE BUELL.


The natural method by which a hen

cleans her plumage, and rids her body

of lice and other vermin, is dusting

in loose. earth. In winter when the

ground is frozen there is very little

chance for the fowl to dust, and a

special dust bath should be provided.

A box at least 15 inches deep should

contain soft dry loam at least six

inches deep. $91116 oultrymen advo-

cate adding a httle 'me to this dust

bath, others advise the use of a few

ﬁnely sifted coal ashes and a. little of


some zood lice killing powder.


MICHIGAN FARMER


91 lillllllliIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllilllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllnllllmillllllllﬂillIlllllllillllllulllIlllllllllllllllllll“Hill”!IllIlillillliillllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllL‘L—Eu


Now is the Time Your Hens

Need a Tonic


Moultin weakens a hen—it brings

her vi ’ty down to low ebb. To


help the hen over this period you

ought to feed her a tonic to keep

her system vigorous, well able

to force out the old quills, ow

a new feather crop and get ack

on the job laying eggs. well be-

fore the winter sets 11]. Keep

your hens toned up.


What your hens need right now is

Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a. This

s lendid tonic is the result of m

li‘izetime experience as a doctor 0


veterinary science, a doctor of medicine and a successful

It tones up the dormant egg organs, off—


poultry raiser.


sets the weakening effects of moulting,

shedding, makes for a new feather growl


hens lay.


Dulless Poullry Pan-a-ce-a


Not a Stimulant. but a Tonic

Shortens Moulting Period—Makes Hens Lay


'lhis is also a splendid tonic for fattening poultry for

It helps the birds digest the maxnmum amount


market. _

of their ration and convert it into flesh.


healthy and fit while cooped up._ Besides, my

Pan-a~ce-a is an excellent constitutional remedy for roup.


" So sure am I that Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a—ce-u m

will nuke your poultry healthy, make hens

luy,help chicks grow and shorten the moullluu

period, that l have authorized my dealer In

your town to supply you with enough lor- your

ﬂock and II ll doesn’t do as I claim. return


the empty packages and get your money back. m


My new Poultry Book

tell: all about Pan-a- . .

ce-a. It’s free. ,


Sold on] by reputa-

ble dea ers whom

you know, never by

peddlers.


Buy On My Money-

Buck Guarantee


If lbs. 25c: 5 lbs. 600:

25-lb. pail $2.50.

In Ctanada and the far


es .

only to per day for thirty

owl.


DR. HESS


vets-"Egg


. gr _ m.


Dr. lless


uickens uill

and ma es


Stock Tonic


Taken oil pasture. put on

dry feed and closely con-

fined. your stock are apt

to get out of fix during

winter. Some are liable

to get constipation, drop.

slcalswelllngs, stocky legs

but most common an


dreaded of all diseases.

especially among hog, is

worms—worms. Dr. ess

Stock Tonic will keep your

stock toned up, enrich

their blood. keep their

bowels regular and will

rid them of worms. 25—lb.

pail 81.60; loo-lb. sack 85.00.

Smaller ackages as low

as see. xcept in Canada.

the tar West and the

South.


It keeps poultry


oultry


Dr. [less


lnsianl

louse Killer


Kills lice on poultry and

all farm stock. Dust the

hens and chicks with it.

sprinkle it on the rocsls.

in the cracks. or keep it in

the dust bath. the hens

will distribute it. Also

destroys bugs on cucum-

ber. squash and melon

vines. cabbage worms.

etc.. slugs on rose bushes.

etc. Comes in handy sift-

ing-top cans. 1 lb. 25c: 8

lbs. 80c. Except in Canada

and the for West. I sucr-

antee it.


Except


Pan~a-ce-a costs


& CLARK,

Ashland, Ohio.


BOOK ON


Dog Diseases

AND HOW TO FEED

Mailed Free to any address by the author


H. CLAY CLOVER. V. S.

l 18 West 3 lst Street New York


.' ”LE

r l:


l:.“- “‘

, all 1 .


Y\\.\»‘


LILLIE FARHSTEAO POULTRY

B. P. Books. h. I. Reds. and 8. 0. W. on eggs

for sale. for 31:20 for $1.50: 60 for .50

COLON 0. LILLIE. Ooovcrsvlllo. Mich.


PINE CRESI wums mmintensifyhs’tiiss‘zl

State Fair, pullots, cockerels. hens, also collie pu pies.

Mrs.Willis Bough, Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak, lob.


qlLVER, White and Golden Wyandottes. Eggs from

k..Wllites $1.50 per ‘15, $2 50 per 30. Silvers 6L (loldens at catalog

prices.


BruwuiugsWyaudotte Ful'm. Portland, Michigan.


:5


Crown Bone Cutter


BEST MADE


6


=1 1 EED your hens out. groan _ ,

C‘s: [bone and get mnre eggs. . IN“ 91"

L With amen Bone Cutter m Prim-


on can cut up all srrnp bones

easily and qulrzly, and without any trouble. and have out bone

fresh every (in for your poultry. Send nt once for free catalog

WILSON altos... Box 251. EASTON. pn-


POULTRY.


ekin and Indian Runner Ducks. White African

P ineas. Stock and prices will please you._

H. . HOS ETLER. Route No. 1, St. Johns. Mich.


Pure Bull lighl Brahma (lockerels For Sale.


$283011. Mn. E.B.WILLITS. R. No. 16. Heading.Mirh.


HERE’S lllllll OPPlllllUlllll F3“ ““1 “M“ “mu“


ducks and drakes or

nre white runner dukes. best in U. S.

REIVERVIEW FARM. ILNo. 8. Vassar. Mich.


nan. “nuns. V“ we was ‘2


l Btgrotd at; h g). Hoe: lcllrrln.

F xtra u re 11, arse an some e own.

Fig: ers am gr rioes write. RIVERVIEW

POULTRY FARM. x 798 Union City, Michigan.


8am "ms-All rlzo winners and breeding stock


th f rice. Wonmprizeslastwmter

W. 0. OOFFMiN. “PRO. 8. Benton Harbor. Mich


8. L VIlAllllOllE EGGS“§€°§:§§°‘§&?§$§‘ $3:


Satisfaction guaranteed. IKE. Oowdrey. Ithaca. Mich .


lilo column lamp Go.


PLYMOUTH llock cockerels 5 to 11 lhs.. according to

age, hens 5 to bibs. 15 eggs 1: Mammoth Bronze

Tom Turkeys 8 to 35 lbs. according to age. Price 58

to $25. 10 eggs 83. A. E. ORAMTUN. Vassar. Mich,


DOGS AND FERRETS.


FOX, COON AND RABBIT HOUNDS


Broke to gun and ﬁeld, Prices right. Fox and

Coon hound (pups 8:» each. Stump for reply.

H. . LY’l‘LE. Frederlcksburg. Ohio.


' ' —30F

Tramed Running Fox Hounds pumstrsSSS‘zlassi

Bend stamp. W. E. LEOKY. Holmesvllle. Ohio.


Fox and Wolf Hounds


ol the but English slram In America

40 years experience in breeding

these ﬁne hounds for my own

sport. Save your pigs sheep and

poultry. Send stamp for catalog


T. B. HUDSPETH.

Sibley. Jackson County, M0.


M00 Ferrets for sale. Write for price

, list. It's free. Guaranfee safe delivery.

‘ Domains Bros..Box 41,Jumeltown.Mich


While and Brown Ferrets for Sale M“ m“- w‘“ “i“


rots. rabbits, minis,

and all small animals out of holes. Burt Ewell. Welllnstcno.


OLEMAN AlR-O-LANTERN


A regular “Jack-ot-cll-lanterna"-carries. hangs or stands anywhere. anytime, for

any 101) of work. No matter what the weather-rainy or clear. stormy or Still—

your Alr-O-Lantern keeps right on shining. Furnishes 300 candle power of good.

strong. steady light that cannot blow out-or jar out, even if tipped over.

GUARANTEED FOR FIVE YEARS


This lantern is solidly made of brass. heavily nickled—is built to stand all the hard

knock: of oftnrdark work in the feed-lot. burn. cow stable. garage. cellars. sheds.

camps, etc. Every Air-O-Lantern has two mantles in non-breakable Mica Globe—

no wicks, no chimneys. Burns gas. Costs only Vac per hour to operate. Gives more

light than ‘20 old time oil lanterns. Is absolutely safe. cannot spill or explode.

Ito-tn vented everywhere. Write for full particulars and wholesale price list—free on request


N. .1: 1 Wichita, Ks.

msiasxfamit'gf.."roledo,0hlo m Akard so. can... Ten.


28l E. 6th St.. St. Paul. Minn
366-22


at OurRisk


iEﬂEﬂ?

FEEDING

.MOLASSES


II. II.

some a son,


1042 Lafayette

31de Detroit, Mich.


I have.........hend of

Mail this

Coupon

Today


cattle . . . . .. .sheen ..... hogs


and.... ........ horses. Send me

your inal‘proposition to prove (hat

Buckeye leading Mons-es will beneﬁt

all of them.


Nume.......... ................R.F.D....

P.O.........................Stnic.............

, ,.' ’ (Trade Mekaoristered-l


BOOK

F R EE


No blistering or loss of hair. A Signed Con-'

tract Bond to return moneyif remedy fails on

Ringbone— Thoropin— SPAVIN —- and ALL —- 1

Shoulder, Knee, Ankle, Hoof and Tendon Disease.


You risk nothing by writing; it costs nothing

for advice and there will be no string to it.

Save-The-Horse BOOK, Sample Contract and

ADVICE—All Free (to Horse Owners and Mana—.

gers.) Address.


TROY CHEMICAL CO"!!! Commerce Ave..Blngllelnton.I.Y,

Dmggiete everywhere sell Seve-ihe-llorso WITH CON-

TRACT. or we send by Parcel Post or Express Paid.


Feed Molasses

Cuts cost of feeding. Write quick for prices.

PITTSBURGH MOLASSES 00., ”sharpener-


Bartlet . Co,


Screenings, Salvage Grains .........,M....


PERGHERON STAILIDNS


FOR SALE.


15 two and three-year-oids, black. These are good

weights and desirable horses of our own breeding.

We sell direct to the farmer at. reasonable prices.

and invite inspection.


A. A. PALMER & SONS,

R. R Station Orleans. P. O. Belding, MiCh


.——-—-


Wholesale rices.


[FOR SALE


" PE assess N s


Stallions all ages; extra good ones.


‘ BARGAIN PRICES!

i WM. BIRD, St. Johns, Michigan.


“ FOR SALE—Registered weanlin Stallion

1 Colts from our best ercheron

Mares. Write. R. S. HUDSON. Michigan. Agri-


cultural College. E. Lansing. Michigan,


vlkegistered Percherons,

BROOD MAKES. FILLIES AND YOUNG

STALLIONS at prices that will surprise you.

L. C. HUNT & 00.. Eaton Rapids. Michigan.


mostly

oung

ich,


' —R . Sh tl d P i .

Pigeon Pony Farm ”$5“... 11‘ ﬁne; .eau‘lﬁn‘ﬁnd


stock for sale. Dr orrison, Pigeon,

Bartlett Co.


Hoe FEEDS, SALVAG

FOR SALE AT 0NCE


Three cars yearling steers and

heifers—few two years old—~in

prime condition for feeding or

for block.


MITCHELL BROTHERS CO.,


Missaukee Co. Jennings, Michigan.


ONE HUNDRED HEAD 0: Stock cane


Steers and Heifers

ready for to sell at once. Five cars of two-year-old

steers will be ready for to


sell 00 . . .

J. B GARDNER. Cadillac. Michigan. L. B. 437.


BREEDIEIIS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.


ABERDEEN ANGUS


l elves and yeerlings ready for service. Bired

bBZIlolule of icwpont II. Closely related todive

GYrand Champions—Brother, Sister. Sire. Sire's

Brother and Grendsire. (International Grand Chain -

ion for three years in succession. Prices 875 up. Wi I

meet prospective purchasers either at Somerset,

Addison or Addison J unotion.


You are bound to get good calves from these bulls

even with strongly dairy type grade cows.

GEO. B. SMITH e 00..

ADDISON AND SOMERSET. MICHIGAN.


ABERDEEN-ANGUS


HERD FOUNDED IN 1900.


i re resented consist of Trojan Ericas, Black-

18.3391.“ rides, only. Bleck unlit! Ito. a hull of

rare individuality and merit. ends the herd.


WOODCO'I‘E STOCK FARM. Ionic. Mich


on SALE. 3 Racisgaklsot SUB§NSEYt ataxia.

. e 68 ’98 n ’6 . l'

Obeaggiiﬁkie'hipﬂ's‘, Holland, Michigan.


-Ask for prices.


ll from 15 mos. down. From Imported

Gugigﬁ‘d 32m: in A. B. test. Excellent breedin

rioes reasonable. 0n farm of President Snyder,- -

2.0. Address 1’. E. Noble. Hunger, B. No, 8, Leasing. Ilell'

t is number of pure Guernsey cows.

W333: (2n? bnalls. also Berkshire ho .

VILLAGE FARM. Grass Lake. Michigan.


Breeders Directory Continued M.


THE MICHIGAN FAR'ME


Elli“|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlIIl|IIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllﬂ

S ‘ S

g Grange. g

Ell“|llllllllllllllll|lIlll|llllIllllIllIlIlllIllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllﬁ


Our Motto—“The farmer is of more


THE GRANGE AND NEIGHBOR-

HOOD CO-OPERATION.


If farmers could get together and

stay together on neighborhood co-op-

eration in sanitation, education and

civics, a great and lasting good would

be accomplished. Disease would be

prevented, crime reduced, economic

loss greatly lessened. Insanitary

lschool buildings, school rooms, ob-

{' scene pictures and writings upon out-


buildings cost the state annually, in

’cash, millions of dollars; ﬁxes the

.status of thousands of coming citi-

lzens, a status that must be changed

f or the end will be state prison. We


have boys’ corn growing and girls’

1. bread making clubs, all splendid ideal

.makers, but we need in every school

‘district of Michigan men and women

ldeveloping clubs. These clubs should

lcommence a crusade at once against

"obscene pictures and writings upon

lschool out-buildings. The environ.

Iments of some schools are such that

they are crime-makers more than ed-

ucators. As our rural schools are

now environed they are contributors

more to truancy, delinquency, and ul-

timate crime than safeguards of citi-

zenship. The Grange should take up

this matter and rest not until our rur-

al schools answer to the end for which

they are organized, citizen-making,

and not continue in developing law

breakers. The ideal of our public

school system is low and groveling.

The environments of our rural schools

are sin-spreading and insanitary. If

the farmers of our rural districts

should unite in a movement for a.

township central school of 10 to 12

grades, with social center community

meeting places, we would wipe out the

present diseaSe of rural education

which is about 75 per cent inefﬁ-

ciency.


Why should the business and science

of raising stuff t , \feeds the world,

breeding the da ry cow, developing

means of locomotion, making better

farm machinery rest on efﬁciency and

the making of a. man rest on inefﬁ-

ciency? At least 75 per cent of the

money raised for school taxes is wast-

ed through inefﬁcient school adminis-

tration. We spend much time and

money in the Grange in chasing vag-

aries, and let the greatest force in our

lives, education, lapse into insanita—

tion, delinquency, ultimate crime. The

fact that many of the district fathers

are indifferent, mentally and socially

delinquent, accounts for the inefﬁ-

ciency of rural education. There is

not a man or woman who thinks or

has a think-tank that does not know

that good reading, good entertainment

are the jewels of community life. But

do the rural men and women use the

knowledge they possess? About one

in 20 does, and the other 19 sit back

and curse the twentieth one for trying

to live, trying to do something. If it

were not for a few splendid active

souls we should all rot in the quag-

mire of indifference, ignorance and in-

dolence. Because of these three weak-

nesses of society, the real-do-some-

thing people are taxed to distraction,

bored to insanity and made doubtful

of the progress of humanity.


Why cannot we co-operate as effi-

ciently in development of good chil-

dren as in the development of good

dairy cows? If we take as much in-

terest in school and school environ-

ments for our children as in crops

and stock we could save Michigan

many millions of money in prevent-

able disease, preventive crime, eco-

nomic loss growing out of preventive

loss, and we would ﬁnd ourselves on

the turnpike of real living. We can


a


RV.


instill a better‘ living in every home,

better education in every school, de-

velop better citizens through an efﬁ-

cient Grange neighborhood co-opera-

tion.——W. F. Taylor, in Public Health.


AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.


The October Meeting of the Ionia

County Pomona Grange, held at the

Ionia court hourse, October 6, was a

short one, there being no time for a.

program. Plans are, however, in pro-

gress for a big meeting for November

at which it will be of interest to every

granger in the county to be present.


For their Annual Harvest Feast on

October 8, the men of Peninsula

Grange took a day off for a hunt and

brought in the day’s game for the

feast. This is something “a little dif-

ferent” and is enjoyable to all besides

giving the men a good day’s hunt.


Exhibits Should be Encouraged at

Grange meetings. No matter how

small an exhibit it is always an attrac-

tion. The suggestion that exhibits of

fruit be encouraged is a good one for

a fruit show is always a pleasing

sight and creates a longing for a.

taste. One Grange sold the fruit in

its exhibit and put the funds in the

sunshine fund, used for spreading sun-

shine in the homes of the sick.


COMING EVENTS.


The next meeting of Eaton County

Pomona Grange will be held at Ver-

montville, North Kalamo assisting in

the entertainment, on October 31.


Gratiot County Pomona Grange will

meet with Newark Grange, November


7. There will be a state speaker

present.


EllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllij;

E a E

gFarmers Clubs—g.

EllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll|llllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllﬁ


OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSO-

CIATION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.


President—Jae. N. McBride, Burton.


Vice-president—J. F. Rieman, Flint.


Secretary-Treasurer — Mrs.

Johnson, Metamora.


Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. J. S.

Brown, Howell.


Directors—Wm. T. Hill, Carson City;

Jerry Spaulding, Belding; R. J. Robb,

Mason; Joseph Harmon, Battle Creek;

12.] B. Scully, Almont; C. T. Hemline,


ma. '


Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.


Associational Motto:


“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable

asset.”


Associational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations.”


THE LOCAL CLUB AND THE

STATE ORGANIZTION.


A few Clubs in the state make the

mistake of not atﬁliating themselves

with the State Association, thereby

depriving all of their members of the

possibility of this experience. Every

local Club will beneﬁt from sending

one or more delegates to the State

Association to an extent which is out

of all proportion to the small cost in-

volved. Every local Club member

in the state should insist that his

Club send delegates to the State As-

sociation for this reason, and also to

the end that some one or two mem-

bers of the Club may be developed

into better leaders in Club work

through the valuable experience of

acting as delegates.


CLUB DISCUSSIONS.


The Farm Barns.——The Conway and

Handy Farmers’ Club, of Livingston

county, met with Mr. and Mrs. Henry

Croope, Friday afternoon, September

25. The ﬁrst topic for discussion was

“The farm barns, the place where the

products of the farm are centered and

utilized for ﬁnancial proﬁt." In the

absence of C. Gordon the subject was

opened by George Stow. 'The barns

are being built in a modern way and

old barns torn down and rebuilt to

make the conveniences needed. They

are being developed and made better

all the time; it has been found out to

be the right thing to properly take

care of stock and in order to do so


' oer. 24. 1914.


the barns must be convenient and fur-

mshed with the necessary equipment;

the milking machine is one of the

greatest of modern inventions. Dis-

cussion was opened by J. B. Fuller,

who thought a. barn should be to a

man what a house is to a, woman.

made good and convenient so that it

could be kept clean. People are not

quick enough to ﬁx up their buildings

and a. good many do not ﬁx over the

barns, but keep them as in the days

gone by; they should be rebuilt and

made modern by the use of cement,

and more light, so that it would be a

pleasure to keep them clean. S. R.

Holmes said, “ﬁx up the barns and

people will enjoy the money invested

better than if it was in the bank.”


A Community Shcool.—“Shall we

have a. community school?” was the

topic presented by Mrs. S. R. Holmes

and discussed by Mrs. J. C. Wilkinson,

Mrs. House, Mrs. C. Fuller and others.

All favored the community school and

the old district school was condemned

to a ﬁnish, as well as the ofﬁcial

school board and the people living in

the district. Teachers did not escape

their share of the tongue—lashing and

after the ladies had said all the mean

things necessary, J. B. Fuller said he

favored a township high school and

always had; he knew how little inter-

est was taken by ofﬁcials and people

of the district. School buildings were

neglected, yards grow up to weeds,

nothing for the teacher to do with,

the one trouble seemed to be to get

the children to the community-

school. The question was further dis-

cussed by George Stow, Mr. Rickett,

and even the roll call was responded

to by answering to “What improve-

ment can be made in the rural

school?” After the report of the sec-

retary the meeting adjourned to meet

with Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Fuller in Oc-

tober.——Mrs. I. Holmes, Reporter.


The Young Man's Career.-——In spite

of the busy times there was a large

attendance at the September meeting

of the Lenox and Chesterﬁeld Farm-

ers’ Club, of Macomb county, at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. Myron Devin-

ney. After the bountiful dinner the

meeting was called to order. Follow-

1ng the opening exercises a. good pro-

gram was rendered. The question,

“Which offers the best opportunities

to a young man, agriculture, trade, or


P. a. profession?” was debated at length.


Charles Ferrin, although not a farmer,

stood for agriculture. He believed'

that the farm offered many opportuni-

ties for development, and it should

not be monotonous work. The men

who have failed in farming as a rule,

are those who didn’t strike their gait

and 'who failed to grasp situations.

The young man on the farm lives

close to nature, and his own nature is

ﬁner because of this fact. He must

develop mentally. He is a very nec-

essary citizen, doing an indispensable

work. Mr. Ferrin’s talk was very in-

teresting. C. D. Jackson could not

understand Mr. Ferrin’s viewpoint, as

he was a city kid. He could under-

stand that business life brought men

together, and that it brought ﬁne op-

portunities for development. R. F.

Eldredge believed that according to

h1s experience the legal profession de-

manded a greater mental development

than either agriculture or business

life. The legal profession demands

the keenest mental activity. It is nev-

er monotonous, as each new demand

is different from the others. Each

speaker thought that the young man

should take account of his inclina-

tions and capacity, to determine his

vocation. He will never make a suc-

cess in- something he doesn’t like.

Club Fair and Pioneer Meet—The

regular October meeting and annual

fair of the North Shade Farmers’ Club

held at the home of Mrs. Nettie Todd,

Friday, October 2, was largely at-

tended and proved to be a great suc-

cess from every standpoint. While

the fair feature did not bring out a.

large number of exhibits, yet what

they lacked in quantity they made up

1n quality. Special mention is deserv-

ed by Clyde Coryelle, aged 13 years,

as a showing of what he raised as a

contestant in the boys’ corn club. Al-

so some ﬁne samples of pop corn rais-

ed by Master Paul Todd. The time

In the forenoon was devoted to visit-

ing. When dinner was announced the

delicious chicken pies and other good

things prepared in the usual excellent

North Shade manner, were disposed

of almost as rapidly as though attack-

ed by the contending armies now

ﬁghting in Europe. W. R. Salisbury

was in charge of the program as out-

lined by the committee. The entire

program for the afternoon had been

arranged with the thought in mind of

honoring the living pioneers of North

Shade and having them give reminis-

cences of pioneer days. Supervisor

R. W. Brice was assigned to give a.

history of the township, but he was

unable to be present. Several pioneers

were called upon to give' reminis-

cences of the early days, a synopsis

of some of which will be given in a

future issue. '
' OCT. 24, 1914.


3(Continued from page 363).

Can you tell me what it was and if,

this is a contagious disease? C. R,

Milan, Mich—It is possmle that your

hog died the result of tuberculosis as


the glands of throat are usually in-


volved in swine. However, you need

not fear its spread even if. this hog

died the result of tuberculosxs. It may

have had goitre, or only an inﬂamed

gland. Apply one part iodine and

nine parts fresh lard to glands of

throat if any more of your shoats are

similarly affected.


Sidebone.——What must I do to kill

sidebone that has just started on one

of my horses?-—-—J. B. Hillman,

Mich—Lower his heels and apply

tincture of iodine three times a week.


Chronic Cracked Heels—I have _a

three-year-old Shire stallion which is

bothered with scratches. Our local

Vet. calls it dry scratches, but as yet

he has not helped it any. . . _ .

Standish, Mich—Apply one part mode

of zinc and four parts vaseline; or,

apply one part powdered acetate of

lead in eight parts of fresh lard with

15 or 20 parts of carbolic aCid added

to each ounce once or twice a day.


Worms—I have an eight-year-old

horse that has a ravenous appetite,

eats much more food than any of my

other ﬂeshy horses, but he remains

thin. He also drinks large quantities

of water. I have given him stock

food, linseed oil with a little turpen-

tine in it, and he has also been treat-

ed by our local Vet. who thought he

might have chronic indigestion. H.

1., Burt, Mich.——lt will do no harm to

examine his grinder teeth for they

may need ﬂoating. Give 1 dr. santo—

nine, 2 drs. ginger and 7 drs. barba-

does aloes, one dose only. Also give

him a tablespoonful of the followmg

compound powder at a dose twme a

day: Ground nux vomica one part,

powdered sulphate 1ron one. part,

ground gentian four parts, bicarbo-

nate of: soda four parts. Also’give

him a dessertspoonful of Fowlers so-

lution at a dose three times a day.


Weak Tendons.——I have a horse that

is troubled with weak tendons; have

applied ﬂaxseed poultice, also alcohol

and hot water. M. J. G., Traverse

City, Mich—Apply one part turpen-

tine, one part oil organum, one part

aqua ammonia and six parts raw. lin-

seed oil to tendons three or four times

a week. ‘


Iinpure Blood—Bloody Milk.——I have

a three-year-old colt that has blotches

on different parts of body and the

hair drops out of blotched part and

some out of tail. I also have a cow

that has been giving bloody milk from

one teat and has a few blisteraon

bag. Mrs. C. G... Hand Station, Mich.

«Give horse a dessertspconful of

Donovan’s solution at a dose three

times a day.

and 19 parts vaseline to sores on

body and scalp of tail three times a

week. Apply one part tincture amica,

seven parts water to bruised quarter

of udder twice a day and give .her a

dessertspocnful of hypo-sulphite of

soda twice a day. _


Indigestion—Spinal Disease—My 14-

year-old mare is a puzzle to me. .She

eats lots of good hay and has Six to

eight quarts of oats a day, but when

she walks she wabbles; hind legs

sway from side to side and her urine

is thick. This same mare has a thick

ankle and three side-bones. I forgot

to say that this mare never lies down.

L. A. G... Paris, Mich—Give her 1 dr.

ground nux vomica, 1/5 oz. of ground

gentian and 2 drs. of hypo-sulphite of

soda at a dose three times a day.

Also give a teaspoonful of powdered

nitrate of potash at a dose once a day.

Leave her ankle alone and if the side-

bones cause soreness or lameness, ap-

ply one part red iodide mercury and

eight parts lard every few days.


Nervousness.—I have a pair of

mares which appear to become ner-

vous and uneasy as soon as brought

into stable, but both of them are

ﬂeshy and do not appear to be sick.

M. H., Harrison, Mich.-———Clean and

disinfect your stable, also admit lots

01' fresh air. Wash their body with

warm water once or twice a day and

give 1/2 dr. of ﬂuid extract of no:

vpmica and 2 drs. of Donovan’s solu~

tion at a dose to each horse three

times a day.


Wounded Teat——Malignant Sore on

Head..—My cow cut her udder on barb

wire, lnﬂlcting wound on teat, causing

milk to escape. This same cow has

had a_sore on side of face for the

past Six weeks and I have been un-

able to heal it. J. F. B.. Irons, Mich.

——You will ﬁnd it diﬂicult to heal the

wound on teat. She should be milked

through milking tube and apply equal

parts powdered alum, oxide of zinc

and boracic acid to wound twice a

day. A150 apply this same powder to

°.3 33.33% trio; . d...


n m.—— ave a tWo- r-l

steer iefecwd With ringWormyeaand) 1I

would like to know what to apply. C.

S" Port Hope, Mien—“Apply one part

iodine and ten Darts fresh lard to ring-

worm patches two or three times a


week and he will get well.


Apply one part iodine,


a


MILO D. CAMPBELL. CHAS. J. ANGEVINE.


BEACH FARM


OUEll_N_SEY8


To whom it may concern:


I haggust completed a tuberculin test

of 80 I: of Beach Farm Guernsey stock,

not one of which showed the least sign of

reaction. Signed Da. Tries. L. Borr, Vet.


Pure Bred Bulls and Grade Heifers

from the above stock for sale


CAMPBELL {a ANGEVINE.

cowwarna. MICHIGAN.


ems —anioue Mny Bose Strain. A select herd.

"8 Tub. Tested. Several A. . O. Cows.

J .K. Blutchford. Windermere FarnnWatex-vliet.Mich.


Holstein-Fmesian Breeder‘ﬁﬁg’ 032%.“. 33.3

represented. D. D. AII‘KEN. Flint. Michigan.


HATCH HERD

IlEliIS'l'EllEll llOlSTEIll-FIIIESIAIIS


YPSI LANTI. MICH. offers

amp HEADERS from choice A. it. o. dams and

King Pontiac Jewel Korndyke. 50dams in his

pedigree average 31.5 pounds in 1 days. Averaged)“-

cent. of [at of three nearest dune 4.37. Sires in rat

three generations in his pedigree have 500 A. B. 0.

daughters. Prices lea-i0 o.


our. own sev-eotion at Ashmoor Farina.

Michigan. B. F. . No. 2. or address

are]: HERD. irPsILAN'rI. MICHIGAN.


HEREFORD BULLS iii‘ﬁi‘it’l'o‘ilf


ALLEN 3808.. Paw Paw. Michigan.


10 HOLSIEIN BULLS


FROM I ll) 3 YEARS OLD


Ten Bull calves, two to ten months old.

Ten cows, Your Choice from my entire

herd. Don't let anybody make You

believe he can sell you a better bull for

less money than I can. Don’t delay the

purchase of bull until the other fellow

gets the one you want. Write me or

come at once.


L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.


I Will Buy and Sell llolslein Callie Edni‘hﬁ‘ﬁl";


ialty. Large acquaintance among the breeders.

ank references. Freeman J. Fiehbeck. Howell.hlich.


BIGELOW’S IIOISI‘EIN FARMS


Breedsvlllc Michigan.

Breeder of high class


Registered Holsteins.


For Sale Pure Bred


Holstein Heifers and Bulls.


De K01 and Landry Girl Butter Boy strain.

LEWIS NELLER, - Lansing, Mich.


“Top-Notch" Holsteins.


Extra large ﬁne young bull. 9‘ white, born Oct. 4. 1913.

Dam has ofﬁclnl record of 29.40 lbs. butter in 7 days.

117.50 lbs. in 30 e. Site's dam is a 22.64 lb. 4 yr. -old

daughter of a 30.5 lb. cow. '


Me HEBSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Michigan.


FOR SALE-At a reasonable rice. a line Beg-

ictcred Holsteinbu lcoming3-yrs- l .

CLYDE FISHER. St. Louis. Michigan.


EOISTERED HOLSTEINS—He‘rd headed by Albina

Bonte Butter Boy No. 93124. whose dam has semi-

omcial early record. Buttermz lbs. Milk 188221bs. as n

2-yr.-ol . No stock for sole. W. I. louder-Jinn“. lick


olstein-Friosian Cattle. Young bulls ready for


service out of A. 11.0. cows. ion guaranteed

or money refunded. Jones A: Lutx. Oak Grove. Mich.


$5 0 direct to De Kol 2d 10 times. twice to Pontiac

Korndyko. L. MoLAULIN. Redford. Michigan.


MIOHIOIII iIOME lllO llllllllllli SOHOOL


L PEER. MICHIGAN

Breeder of High Grade Holﬁeln Cattle. Lists and

prices upon application. ‘

if .h ‘ '

III-0N FIRMS 3.333.323? maintaining?

S. O. RATHFON a SON. R. F. D. 5. Ypsilanti. Mich.

ESPANORE FARM, busing, Michigan.


Oﬂen for sale a


gets 8 weeks old bull. 27 lb. sire. Dam traces


Holstein Bull Call


Aeplendid individual of excellent breeding. Soon,


y for service. Write [or particulars.


omen 3. cancer: L. M. urea.

mm a raacoson. l 0"“ Supt.


HOLSTEIN BULL READY '03

BUSINESS.

World record stock 8150 to soon. LONG BEACH

FARMS. Augudn. Kalamazoo 00.. Michigan.

Oﬂ'ere for sale seven high-grade Holstein

Myra?!“ cows. One fresh October 13, live to

freshen in November. and one February 1. 15. A little


dark in color, and everyone a cod individual. Not

Jobber's cattle. W. M. McCully. . 31, Pittsford,Mich.


HOLSTHN BULL 7 months old. mostly white. large.


straight. heavy boned fellow. Dam

untested. but large records close 11 . S75 delivered.

write for pedigree. HOBART W. F Y. Mason, Mich.


Fll'8l ”fall {or $125 buys two unrealstered 10 mos.

ld Holstel Hal

r. c. b. CHAS. s. RILEJY. s. No. f Meta:$.°ﬁ‘igi3


Lillie Farmstead Jerseys


Bulls ready for service. several from Register of

Merit owe. Four bred heifers. .

Tuberculin tented. Prices will?! ones Herd


COLON C. LILUE. Coopercvllb. Michigan.


THE WILDWOOD HERD


BOISTERED JERSEYS. Herd headed by Majest s

.Wonder 90717 For sale a Grand-son of Ravi]

Maiesty. and out of a cow that produced over 600 lbs.

butter in one year. Born Oct. 24th 1913 Write for rioes

or come and see. ALVIN BALDEN. Oapoo. ﬁnch.


THE MICHIGAN "FARMER


A Pure-Bred ,.


Jersey"


bull counts for more than , ‘

the dam in grading up. __ ‘.‘5\

You shouldbedeveloplng ‘

some memds-of-buwerccws. The thorough-

bred bull is worth all he costs on grade or

full-blood Jersey cows. Like begets like. 1 -

THE AMERICAN ”SEY CATTLE CLUB

MW. 231! St. New York City.


crosses om HOMESTEAD JERSEYS


J ﬁl my surplul Full Blood Jerseys aresolgl.


CROUSE, Hartland, Michigan.


erse s. Bulls ready for service. extra quality sired

by acoba’s Fairy Emanon. No. 111. from high

producing dams. SMITH & PARKER. Howell. Mich.


——Helfers from Register of Merit

For sale JOISBIS Ancestry. Raleigh—King and Exile

of St. Lambert breeding. Also cows with Register of

Merit records. Waterman I Waterman. Ann Arbor. Kiel:


from hi h- reducing dams.with

1"”, all": ll" sale pectin 8Asgo. records, also on

semloﬂlcial test. 0. B. We nor, ‘8. 6. Ailegan. Mich.


"W 'N SERVICE—Kissesnastiness

GREGORYJ: BORDE . Howell. Michigan,


MAPLE Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd—Tu-

bercuiin tested by .8. Government. For sale.

Register of Merit cows. also bulls. bull calves and

heifer calves. having from 3 to7 Registerof Merit dams

in their pedigrees. IRVIN FOX; Allegan, Michigan.


J ERSEYS -F0r list of stock for


sole and Jersey facts

write A. P. EDISON. S90. M. J. O. 0.. 326 W. Bridge.

Grand Rapids. Mich. If a breeder and a member

of M. J. O. 0. send list of stock for sale to the above.


gERS EYS-gERRme BULL READY FOR


A

VICE. Also bull calves.

rookwater Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.


BUTTER BRED JEﬁ’iﬁfﬁ’ELLs


CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.

Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.


Young Shorlhum Bulls exams" Yam"

H. B. PETERS. Burton. Michigan. R. R. Elsie.


Shofﬁmrn —Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all

8 ages for sale at farmers prices. C. W. Cruni.


Sccy. Cant. Mich. Shorthorn Breeder-3' Ason.. McBridel Mich.


SHORTHORN BUL —Prize winner


this year £00

lbs. at 6 months old. Poland Chinav, good ones.

E. R. VINCENT. St.Johns, Michigan.


Olllll IHEO SHOllIllOllll Effiéfal’i‘él.‘ $.‘§.%“§li§


J. B. HUMMEL. Mason. Michigan.


SHORIIIOIIII BULLS FOR SAL ESE. “33.32.33;


10.160 lbs. milk and 518 lbs. butter with ﬁrst calf in one

year. Reasonable price. Write. KW. Johneon.Cuslor,lllch.


SHOllllIOHIIS: O OIIOIOE YOUNG OULLS FOR SALE

W. W. KN


APP. Howell. Michigan.


SHEEP.


l'l' PAYS TO BUY PURE BRED SHEEP

0F PARSONS '13:“: a..."


I sell and ship every-

where and pay e);-

~_ press charges._ Will

start one man meach

‘ . twp. Write for club

\l‘ ‘ offer apd deecn


price list. Oxfords,


,1

l1 .

h it . IE -

6‘P' W“: Jamil.


‘ 23—367


0 I c’ —For 12 years I have been breeding Big T pe 0.1. C.

I I 8 swine and now have one of the best Big ypc hard.

in the land. quality considered. Herd boar. Lengthy Prince

No. 381M. vol. 16 0. I. 0. record. a 700 lb. boar in breeding

condition. White Monarch No. (2058. vol. 16. 0 l. C. record.

a 600 lb. Jr. yearling. Dome of equal size and merit. Young

stock for sale at all time. Prices reasonable. Will ship 0.0.0,

NEWMAN'S STOCK FARM, R. No. l. Marietta Michigan.


“ESTER WHITES. August and September pigs, from

sires as Chickasaw Bud. Modeler. Bronson King. Acertillcm

of registry with each pig. John Gintling, Bronson. Michigan.


' -—Be . Bred Guts—Orders taken for

ch33“: “In“: sprirfg gigs and Collie pups. Holstein

Bulls at Bargains. BA 8. PARHAM, Bronson.Mich


--1 stock boar, also 3 and 5 months

0. lo C. SWIM old pigs from good thrifty stock.

Prices reasonable. N. H. WEBER. Royal Oak. Mich.


o i c —Bred eowo and spring pigs, large and growthy.

- l I Pairs and tries. not akin. Write your wants.

GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zeeland. Mich.


airs not akin. registered free.


0 I C I ——Large boned, shipped on approval.

0 c S ‘

J. W. H0 ELL. Elsie. Michlgnn.


o I c March. April and May pigs; the big,


I I Ioﬁrowthy kind that. always makes good,

LEMUEL NI 0L8. R.F.D. No. 2. Lawrence. Mich,

D —Spring pigs. pairs and trios. not

0- I. C s akin. from state fair winners.

AVONDALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.


c —Servicc boars. fall igs. pairs not

0 U I akin. Holstein Bull Ca ves. CLOVER

LEAF STOCK FARM. R. No. 1 Monroe. Mich.


0 I C —Cho_ice spring boars of March and

e I I April farrow. Prices right.

JOHN BERNER t SON. Grand Ledge. Michigan.


9 —Growthy spring boars. Satis-

Oo '0 C s faction Guaranteed.

A. RﬂAHAM. FLINT. ICHIGAN.


—May I have the pleas-

Oo I. C. SWine ure of receiving your

order for a pair or trio. not akin. of April


and May furrow. They are bred ri ht. Satisfaction

guaranteed. A. J. GORDEN. B. o. 2. Dorr. Mich.


0 i c! —I have extra line lot of last spring boars

- . 3 and a lot of this fall pigs. either sex. not

akin. will have a bred new sale in Jan. 56 in lo we“

of Depot. OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville, Mich.


o | 0 Boats ready for service. Also spring

I I I guts, stock recorded in Goshen Ind.

B. W. MANN. Dansville. Michigan.


0. I. C. PICS AND BRED GILTS.


J. CARL JEWETT. Mason. Michigan.


o I c -Chcice boars ready for service. also

a u I opengilts and Aug. pigs. Pedigrees

furnished. Medowbrook Farm. East. Jordan. Mich.


Choice Gills for Spring Farrow. Not bred.


0. J. c. May pigs. Choice serviceable boars the long

bodied kind. ALVIN V. HA'I‘T. Grass Lake. Mich.


Duroo Jersey Boars


From Prize-Winning Stock.

Write. or better still. come.


Brookwaier Farm.Ann Arbor,Mich..H.F.D.7.

DUROC JERSEYS, Spring Pigs For Sale


CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Michigan.

DUROC BOARS For Sale, pﬁfggﬁégghwggﬁ:


about 175 lbs. A ril & May furrow $2? while th 1. l

H. G. KEESLElJI. R. R. No. 5. Cassopolis.(Mi?:1lit:


—‘.25 choice boars. some ﬁne March ilts

Dulce Jeri”: and a few bred sows for Octgber


R1


fermw. O IAYLOR. Milan. Michigan.


Ouroc Jersey?“ '9‘“ either sex. Also 1101......


ha] Icalf from tuberclin tested dam

E H. Morris. n.2, Monroe.Mich.


ions-u siooi FIRM 333332331'33 1333333.: .


prices. E. R. (lOllhELL. Howell, Michigan.


OUOOO JERSEYS-El’iéngr‘ilﬁf’t all}??? “not???”

W. J. BAUMAN. Burr Oak. Michigan.


at reasonable price.


R A" s—SHROPSHIRES OXFORDS AND


HAMPSHIBES. Good strong well


wooled fellows ready for business. Ship ed to you


without the mono . Ian: that fair? i so write

KOPE KON F RM. Kinderkock. Michigan.


L ' 1 —Yearling and rain lambs from Champion

Glee: "'3 ﬂock of Thumb of Mich. Also select Berk-

shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.


POLLEB OELIIIIE IllllS FOO SILEEEé‘iigi‘él


shearere. F. L. BROKAW. Eagle. Michigan.


' ' . ' -—-Bred in line 40 years, size.

all” llﬁlllﬂﬂ amM: uality, heavy shearors.

Priced right. B. H. SAN ERS. Ashtobula. Ohio.

Oxforddown Yearlings and Ram Lambs


M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.

egistered Oxford Ewes 6: Rams. at greatly reduced


rices. 1131 have sold my farm and must sell my

whoe ﬂock. B. F. MILLER. Flint. Michigan.


HE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE


oﬂ‘ers for sale 10 bred Rambouillet ewes and 4

rains: 4 Hampshire ewes and 2 rams: 1 Oxford ram:

2 Aberdeen Angus cows. heavy in calf. and 1 bull. 8

months old: 1 Hereford cow. with heifer calf: 1

Shorthornoow and2 heifers. 1 yearold. Address. Geo.

A. Brown. Dept. Animal Husbandry. E.Lnnsing.Mich.


shropshire Yearling and Rain Lambs. large frames.

ow .


Wool and Mutton tyﬁ Also 0. I. 0. in.

G. P. ANDREWS. neville. Elohim.


SHROPSHIRES—Am piloting a few choice rams

at reasonable prices.

C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.

APLESHADE FARM SHROPSHIRES—Im rted

M stock rain. Ram and ewe lambs of choice reed-

lng. W. P. PULLING d: SON. Perms. Michigan.

INOLESIDE FARM oli'erc ﬁfteen choice recorded


breeding ewes of good ages also earlin and

lamb um. HERBERT a. POWELL, onla, Ich.


SIIllOPSIIIIIE lllIIS lllO HIS FOII SALE

DAN HOOKER. R. No. 1. Marion. ‘Mlchigan.

REG. SH R0PSHIRE~§3§gg $12.33;“.


HARRY POTTER, R. No. 5. Davison. Michigan.

THE MAPLES SHROPS—We oﬂ'er 20 extra yearling


rams. a 2-yr-old stock ram bred by Campbell. also

ewes. E. E. Leland dz Son. B. R. 9. Ann Arbor. Mich


HOGS.


“km—Orders booked for cows to be bred for

next spring farrowing. Fall pigs 36

each now. 8. B. REAVEY. Akron. Michigan.


BOIILIOI IIIEO BERKSHIRE—$52.33? .3333;


with vxen. no to 825 each.


D. F. LENTINE. Sup't.. Temperance. Michigan.

”hm—.3103. Berer 3031?): ready to: trier-vices

l0 spring or sex a armor.

prices. White Dot lgmpfﬂo. 4. Brown City. Mich.

BERKSHlRES—Some Choice Gilts of May


far-rowing to let go at once.


A. A. PATTULLO. Deokervllle. Michigan.

AMPSHIRE SWINE—Choice young stock for fall breeding.


both scxl. price! reasonable. West Wind Farm. Pontiac.

Mich. E. P. HAMMOND. Owner. N. A. WISEB. Manager.


DUROC JERSEYs—spring pigs either sex at


reasonable rices. S. 0.


STAHLMAN.Oherry Lawn inrn1.}t.2.Sl)iepherd.lllich.


—For sale. of the heavy boned t .


DUIOC Jerseys A few choice boars and fall 15222.

M. A. BHAY. Okemos. Ingham (10.. Michigan.


UROC JERSEYS—35 fancy hours and gilts of pulsi-


bloodlines. good individual quality. Special prices for

30 days. JOHN MCNICOLL, Ste. A. R. 4. Bay City. Michigan.


AMPSHIRE Swine-Breedin stock of all age-

!rom most popular strains. Q‘l’rite for breedin .

Inspection invited. Floyd Myers. B. 9. Decatur. In .


POLlIO cm'us—Sprin? pigs either say. From.

L. w. BARNESBI§LLSOLNOHlElUKr§id liffifiglzlrtilem


I O _A ' '

For Sale, Poland Ohlna Pigs cﬂ‘lfgiﬁeplgﬁggm

point. Carson city. A. O. Hblnabargar. Crystal. Mich.


Poland Chinas, either sex. all ages. Something good

at a low price. urgains in boars ready for eer-

P. 1). LONG. H. I". D, 8. Grand Rapids. Mich.


Plum Creek Stock Farm now offer choice heavy boned Duroc

Jersey Boers ready for service. Full pigs. pairs not akin.

F. J. Dmdl. R. No. l. Munoe. Mich.


BIG TYPE POLAND CHINAS-Boarsready


f . .‘

also tilts. JOHN GOKEE. Owosso, Mlél‘lféacg:


THEFARMERB’ HOG.-—Butler's Big Boned Proliﬁc

Poland Chinas grow big. has easy. mature early

mdy for market at 6 months. ’hyi’ Because we'vé

bred them thatway for more than 20 years. 50 big

boned. long bodied. high class boars at farmers’ prices.

Buy one and make more money on your ho a. P. C.

_H_Letory Free. J. O. BUTLER. Portland. ichigan.


”86E "PE P c —g:alggeitniin Mich. Fall pigs all

- . i . or as ' ' ’

by the lar eat boar in the U. S.. weighing llament-62¢}.

months ol Come and see. Expenses aid if not a.

represented. W. E. LIVINGSTON. lghrma. Mich.


AROE STYLE POLAND CHINA SPRING

LPIGS. Dairy Breed Shortliorn Bulls andn‘Llsfolrld

Buck Lambs. Robert Neva. Pierson. Ileh.


ms TYPE POLAND cniNAs~Boar p...


ready for

new homes. They are corker‘s and '

WM. WAFFLE. Goldwater. Midﬁilggl‘i?d.

March and April


' of the big type.

Poland china: (arrow. The kind that please our

customers. A. A. WOOD a SON. Saline. Mich.


Bred sows. bred tits (1

MUIO F00! pigs. not relatedﬁor will. 3:5:

faction guaranteed. G. C. KRIGLOW. Ada. Ohio

, . _ . .

ymsh'n Sm. We have some nice May pigs. both


. sexes. Write for d ' t

prices. os’rmmona 31105.. Mori§;?'ilvl’ic‘g'i33:‘l


YORKSHIRES


The large. long-bodied. proliﬁc kind. Gilts bred for

September and 00 her tan-ow. A choice lot. of

spri boon-ad ail . Prices reasonable.


. C- COOK. R. 42, Ada. Michigan.


lillie Farmstead Yorkshire:


Open gilts and gilts bred for September far-row.

Spr ng igs either sex. pairs and trios not akin.

Satisfac ion guaranteed.


COLON C. LILLIB. Coopercvllle. Michigan.


vice.


Also Shropshire Ruins.


Prices right.
’\


07;


JMODEL 80


I. o. 5. Toledo, om


N spite of the fact that thislatest Overland

has a much more expensive, and en-

tirely new and much larger full stream-

line body, the ﬁnest electrical equip-


ment, left-hand drive, demountable rims,

and larger tires; in spite of the fact that it is

made throughout of all ﬁrst grade materials

and ﬁrst grade workmanship; in spite of the

factthat it rides—due to its longer,improved

and underslung rear springs—with the

smoothness and ease of the highest priced

cars—the price has not been advanced.


.Such is the perfectly natural and eco-

lnomical result of manufacturing the greater

volume of automobiles.


Our greatly increased 1915 production

has permitted us to again add materially to

the size, comfort, value, merit, quality and

completeness of the Overland without add-

ing one dollar to the price.


This is an achievement which no other

automobile manufacturer IS in a position to

accomplish.


The newest Overland is, without ques-

tion or doubt, the world’s most extraordi-

nary motor car value.


Buy an Overland and save money.


( Dealers are now taking orders for

immediate delivery.


Handsome 1915 catalogue on request.


Here are listed a few of the

many additions, enlargements

and new 1915 features


Motor; 35 h. p.


More economical


New full stream-line body

Tonneau; longer and wider

Greater comfort


Instrument board in cowl dash

Individual front seats, high backs

Upholstery; deeper and softer

uWindshield; rain-vision,

ventilating type, built-in

Crowned fenders


Electric starter—Electric lights

Electric horn


All electric switches on steering column

High-tension magneto—


no dry cells necessary

Thermo-syphon cooling—


no pump needed


Five-bearing crankshaft

Rear-axle; floating type


Rear springs; extra long, and

underslung, 3-4 elliptic


Easier riding


Wheel base; 114 inches


Larger tires; 34 inch x 4 inch

Demountable rims—one extra

Left-hand drive—center control

Body:—-—beautiful new Brewster

green finish


Mohair top and boot .

High-grade magnetic speedometer

Robe rail, foot rest and curtain box


Please address Dept. 86


The Willys-Overland Company, Toledo, Ohio


Model 81 Prices:


Two Passenger Roadster—$1050


Model 81 Prices:


F our Passenger Coupe—$1600

All pricesf. o. 6. Toledo, Ohio


7 4'5 Passenger Touring Car - 3850


Delivery Wagon with closed body . 8895

2 Passenger Roadster . - 3795


Deliver) Wagon with open body - 3850 l