'77”"7”” ' é/P’Z’l/ZM





The Only Weekly AgriCultural, Horticulture], and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





VOL. CXLIll. No.19.

Whole Number 3808.





DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, NOV. 7, 1914.





50 CENTS A YEAR.

$2 FOR 5 YEARS.





 





 





DOCTORING A RUN-DOWN





OIL





 





 





By WILLIAM c. SMITH,





OF INDIANA. "





Author of ‘ ‘How to Grow 100 Bushels of Com Per Acre

on Worn Soil,” “The Business of Farming,” “The

Book of Vetch”and “Alfalfa The Money Crop.”





 





 





HEN a human or domestic an-



imal becomes sick or ”run



down,” the physician or veter-

inary called to see the patient first

proceeds to “diagnose the case,” to

ascertain, if possible, the disease

from which the patient is suflering.





When the disease is ascertained the

physician knows the remedies which

have been approved by the profession

for that particular disease and he pI‘O‘

ceeds to use them.



Soils have their ailments, or be-

come “run down,” the same as human

or animal beings, hence, we have our

“Soil Doctors” to administer to them,

and soil doctors ought to have sufli-

cient skill to enable them to properly

diagnose an ailing or “run-down soil.”



The diagnosing of soils to ascertain

their needs is not a difficult task.





If you have soil that produces 1r-

regularly, some spots poorer than oth-

er portions, and the best portions

grow poorer crops each year, or if it

requires a most favorable season in

every respect for favorable growing,

to produce a paying crop, then your

soil is ailing, or is “run down” and

needs the services of a soil doctor.



A healthy soil will produce a pay-

ing crop any season under the most

unfavorable conditions, provided, of

course, it has been properly plowed,

good seed sown upon it under proper

conditions and the best cultivation

has been given the growing crop.



So if your soil requires the most

favorable conditions to produce a crop

that pays, it is an ailing or “run-

down soil,” and if not doctored with

proper skill its ills will become more

acute, its producing power will wane





until within a short time it will have

become so diseased that even under

the most favorable conditions it will

not produce a crop that pays the cost

of production and it has become a

worn-out soil and will eventually pass

into the abandoned class of soils, and

its owner wonders why he can not

grow crops upon it that he once could,



We all have our ailing, or “run-

down” soils and there is no use of us

trying to deceive ourselves into the

belief that we do not have them. It





behooves us to get busy and proceed

to doctor them back to fertility or to

that state where they again will cheer-

fully take up the burden of growing

profitable crops. And yet we must

avoid giving them the quack nostrums

and stimulants that only aggravate

their ailments and which will in time

make more acute and noticeable their

ailing condition.



After years of deep study and ac-

tual experiment with my own sick, ail-

ing soils, I feel safe in promulgating





 





 





 





Fig. 1.

the crop that does not -pay.





A “run-down” soil poorly plowed at the wrong time, a drought, and

This soil was once rich bottom land. It





has been mistreated as to plowing and cultivation and has never had a





fu11.feed of organic matter.





Both of the author’s hands are holding the





corn tassels. Note the clods, result of plowing at the wrong time.





 





the methods and remedies for doctor-

ing a “run-down” or ailing soil, here-

inafter set forth.



They are not my own discoveries.

Many of them have been known to

agriculture for ages. That the agri-

culturist generally has not applied or

used them is because of conditions

that have thrown environments about

him that have blinded or kept him

from using them.





In nine cases out of ten a “run-j

down” soil has been mistreated by its

which is responsible) for its'





owner,

condition. Too often its owner has

simply starved it. An ill-fed man or,

child becomes weak and emaciated in

body and weak in action from lack of,

proper nourishing food, and the same

is true of “run—down” soils, they have

simply been and are being starved toll

death, just like the great body of our

poverty stricken people in our con-,

gested cities are being starved and‘

their bodies are being put in that,

condition, for lack of food, which un-j

fits them for human endeavor. .



Some “run—down” soils are poorly,

drained, some are too dry, some are

acid, some lack in certain mineral ele-

ments, some have been improperly

plowed as to time and depth, and





some lack in soil bacteria.





But in most every case of a “run-

down” soil the skilled soil doctor will

find that it is starving for the food of

better draining, plowing and organic

matter, which will correct its other

ailments and give it the food needed

to make it well and fertile.



Bearing in mind the important truth

that a soil to produce a paying crop

must be a good breathing soil, or one





 





 





 





Fly. 2. An adjoining field to that shown in illustration No 1. This soil

was plowed at the right time but the plowing was shallow, and .it, too,





has never had a full feed of organic matter.





holding the corn tassels. The corn

The soil" In all three Illustrations II





The author’s hands are

crop will be a failure.





Fig. 3. An adjoining field to that shown in illustration No. 2.





This soil





was plowed at the right time, nine inches in depth, and it has been fed 4;





an abundance of organic matter, rye and vetch.

crop that pays, although the season was the driest on record.





It is producing the





‘—





of the eame'charecter and all rthe'corn wae'pianted the same week. Fig. 3 is upon author's “Vetchfalfa Farm.”
390 7-2 .





that is'well ventilated and that has ’a.

deep seed bed filled with'organicmat-

ter, making a favorable home for soil-

bacteria and the‘ development'of plant

roots and the other Conditions for

healthy plant growth, it Will then be

come a safe practice for the soil doc-

tor to first prescribe for a. “run—down”

soil a proper system 0f drainage, or

one that will remove a surplus of wa-

ter, and aid in giving the soil ample

ventilation; and, second, better and

deeper plowing, for the poorest job

done upon the American farm, and

one as much responsible for our “run-

down” soils as any other practice ob-

taining upon the farm, is shallow

plowing.



The average depth of plowing done

does not exceed four inches and such

a depth of plowing practiced upon any

soil means, in a very short time, its

certain death.



No soil should be plowed less than

eight or nine inches in depth, and

many soils can be plowed to a great-

er depth with excellent results.





Most farmers mean to ‘plow deep

but they lack in horse power to move

their plows a greater depth and at a

profitable gait, and so adjust, their

plows to'plow the depth that will ac-

commodate the draft of their horses.



The soil doctor that does not pre-

scribe deep plowing for a “run—down”

soil will be unable to cure his patient

with any other remedy, no matter how

good it may be.



When good drainage and deeper and

better plowing have been prescribed,

the remedies of cover and green ma-

nuring crops must be prescribed to

be used liberally or in abundance. Un-

derstand, I advocate the prescribing

of live stock and manure for “run-

down” soils, but when we consider the

fact that there is not enough live

stock in the United States to produce

one-tenth of the manure needed for

our soils, we must prescribe other

remedies that will cure the ills and

keep 11p the fertility of the other nine-

tenths.



This we can only do by the liberal

use of a cover crop. A cover or green

manuring crop is any herbage. usually

sown in the fall season, which attains

nilicient growth by winte1 to cove1

the soil so as to pre. vent soil washing

or blowing, and which attains a suffi-

cient growth in the spring before

plowing season, to turn under.



The advantage of such a crop is to

give to the soil a covering, and the

growing of the roots in the soil which

release the minerals needed in plant

growth from the rock particles of the

soil, and make them available, fur—

hishing food for soil bacteria and the

organic matter to be converted into

soil and plant food.



Fertile soils were originally made so

by the use of vegetation growing and

decaying in them. This was Nature’s

method of soil building and it is,

therefore, self-evident that we must

follow Nature’s plan in keeping our

soils well and fertile by the use of the

same methods.



The cover and. green manuring

crops suitable for this purpose are

many. And no matter which one we

use, some provision must be made so

that we can administer one green ma-

nuring crop each year to our “run

down” soil, or we must have a farm

system that will give ’our soils plenty

of organic matter each and every

year.



The old practice of giving our soils

:1 clover crop once in four or five

years with no other supply of organic

matter, is like feeding cattle and hogs

one day and starving them two days

and expect them to soon reach 11 mar-

ketable stage.



The clover system as practiced by

the agriculturist in the past has not

only made much of our soil “clover

sick,” but has given us a system of

crop rotation that has driven millions

of acres of our soil into “agricultural

bankruptcy.”



Speaking from experience, I have

found that any green manuring crop.





T HE M [CH 15:: A: NFARM ER .1





Whether" ‘legumin‘ous or nondeg'mni-

nous, administered to our soil each-





year in connection with drainage and





deep plowing done at the right time,“

will cure any “run-down" soil.-‘i"0f>

course, a leguminous crop plowed un-"





der is the best, for such a crop sup:

plies more nitrogen to the soil, an ele-

ment in which our “run-down” scils

are lacking and an ' element much

needed to make a soil produce a pay-

ing crop.



Rye, a non-leguminous plant; is of

untold value for green manuring, yet

it is a plant generally despised and

rejected by the American farmer. It

grows luxuriantly upon any soil in

any season. It can be sown in the

corn in September and will furnishan'

abundance of pasture for all kinds of

stock in the fall and spring, yet have

sufficient of top growth and its roots

will so fill the soil that a large sup-

ply of organic matter will be furnish-

ed the soil. Its root system is so

extensive that it is the cause of the

release of much mineral plant food

from the rock particles of the soil and

it gives the soil that looseness and

the great supply of organic matter so

much needed to make a soil fertile.



Sand, winter or hairy vetch, a

leguminous plant, is the king of

nitrogen gatherers, and producer of

organic matter. It, too, can be sown

in corn alone or with rye, in August,

and makes a suflicient growth for win-

ter soil covering, .and an abundance of

top or root growth for organic mat-

ter in time to turn under in the spring

for the corn crop.



For years I have practiced the use

of. rye and vetch mixed in the propor-

tion of one bushel of rye and twenty

pounds of vetch to the acre, sown in

my corn each and every fall. I then

keep all stock from these fields so

sown and in early May turn under





cornsfalk's‘, and the“ rye and vetch





growth to a depth of at least nine





inches.



This feeds my soil an abundant sup.

ply of organic .matter and at a time

when I do not need my land for the

growing of the crops to be turned in-

to money, so no time is lost in ma-

nuring or feeding my soil. The prac-

tice of this system has enabled me to

build up some of the poorest and most

Worn: -out soil found in any land, to

that stage of fertility that it will

grow, with the highest profit, any

crop.



There are many other green ma-

nuring crops equally as good as the

above mentioned, but most of them

cannot e used without the loss of a

season’s money crop, so the rye and

vetch are truly the poor man’ s green

manuring crop. "



This article has reached the limit





'of its prescribed length so I must





close. , .



In closing 1 again remind my read-

ers that to successfully doctor a. “run-

down” soil you must drain it, plow it

well and deep, and feed it every year

as much organic matter as you can

get u'pOn it.



You can help and stimulate your

ailing and sick soils by giving them

doses of ground limestone, raw rock

phosphate, nitrate of soda and per-

haps commercial fertilizers, but these

remedies will not cure. Nature points

out the way to cure and her remedies

are deeper plowing (the roots of the

trees and the heavy prairie grasses

were her plows), and the abundant

use of organic matter, and in produc-

ing organic matter she used both the

leguminous and the non—leguminous

plants and trees and she used them

every year. Imitate her ways (1 you

will have a well soil, a fertile. soil, and

paying crops.





Editors’ Note. —-This is the first of 52 special articles to be pubhsheddur-





ing the ensuing year.





In the next issue will appear the first installment





of “The Domestic Crucible,” a series of short human interest articles.

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111.111111unnummmuumutmmamumnmn11111m111111111111111111111111ununmmmimhnmmlu





Building A Septic Tank.





HILE the odor from a septic



RX] tank is scarcely noticeable, it

is nevertheless best to locate



it at some distance from the house.

Choose a spot easy to excavate so

that the top of the tank can be sunk

six inches below ground level and

where the lines of drain tile will have

suflicient fall to carry off the dis-

charged fluid. The tank should be





   





I 9.» ”do/4 3/





two compartments, each four feet long

by four feet wide by four feet high,

will be required. Since the top and

bottom are each four inches thick and

the top of the tank is six inches be-

low ground level, dig the pit five feet

two inches in depth. The walls of the

tank are eight inches thick and the

partition between the two compart-

ments six inches. Therefore, the





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Fig. 1—Cross Section Indicating Location of Pipes.





large enough to hold the entire sew-

age for one day. For a family of

eight to ten people occupying a house

fitted with the customary appliances

in the way of bath room and station.

ary washstands and downstairs the





length of the pit should be nine feet

10 inches and the width five feet four

inches.



If the earthen walls of the pit stand

firm only inside forms will be needed.

These inside forms are merely boxes





 





 





kitchen sink, a concrete tank having made of one-inch boards. Two boxes

. "

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w‘1‘1‘.’_:‘1‘1““’— 4‘,::'1"L”’ *"

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—.. '---f --.

~ lg;' n ‘ PIP.

—--—- ‘ ---.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





......





i- fliat one man can easily. build- it.





NOV. 7. 1914.





"'ii' ‘ "“ ’Yfl’l





will be required to melt“ oompart





ments. The outside diniensio'ns of the,~

boxes sh6hld be four feet square byi.





four feet high. The boxes or forms

will be placed on the freshly laid con-

crete floor. Holes for taking six-inch

pipe should be made in the boxes as

shown in Fig.1. The holes 311011111 be





four inches from the top of. the box‘





form, measuring from the top of the





hole. The concrete should be mixed”





in the proportion of one part Portland

cement, two parts sand and four parts

crushed rock gravel. Place a four-

inch thickness of concrete in the bot-

tom of the pit to form the floor of the

tank. On top of this concrete set the

box forms. which Should be ready for

immediate use. Place the forms so





that there is a space of six'inches be—'





tween them and an eight-inch space





_ between them and the earthen walls





of the pit. Then commence deposit-





. ing the concrete for the Walls and par-





tition. As soon as the level of‘ the





concrete reaches the heles in the '

forms place in the holes six-inch pipes?

as illustrated. Then continue the con:





creting until even with thetop of the

forms.



Two ordinary iron manhole frames

and cove-rs may be obtained from a.

local dealer in building supplies. The





manhole covers should fit tightly and:

should not be perforated. The mam"

hole frames should be ten inches high'





so that when placed on - top of the

forms the upper 'edge will be even

with the ground level. If the manhole

frame is of less height than this, it

should rest on a circular piece of one-

inch board, which is nailed to the top

of the form. Since the concrete roof

is to be self-supporting, it will be nec-

essary to reinforce it with a few

lengths of

steed rods.





five feet long. The roof is now ready

to be placed.‘ Place the manhole

frames in proper position on top of

the form, and deposit the concreteto

a depth of one inch and on the con-

crete lay the long and short bars as

shown in Fig. 2. When the bars are

placed, deposit the "balance of the con-

crete so as to bring the roof to a

total thickness of four inches. As it

will be covered with earth it is not

necessary to give this top surface a

smooth finish, merely level the sur-





face by striking off with a straight,

piece of board. The tank should now.

be allowed to rest undisturbed'for at'

- least two weeks. At the expiration of:





this time, saw away wooden top of

the forms, inside of the manhole

frames. Then enter the tank and re-

move the wooden forms, passing the

lumber out the manhole

While in the tank make certain that





the pipes are all unobstructed and not





even partially clogged with dirt or

lumber. The inlet pipe is then con-

nected to the pipe from the house and

the outlet pipe joined to three lines of

three-inch concrete drain tile. The

drain tile will be laid about 12 inches

below the surface of the ground and

the joints left open, that is to say. no

mortar must be used in the joints.





This permits the discharged fluids to





be absorbed by the surrounding soil.

The drain tile lines should be laid in

the form of the letter “-Y” and sufli-

u‘ently extended to cover a large area

of ' ground. Average conditions «re-

quire that each arm be about 100 feet

long. After this is done. cover the

tank with earth to the level of the

manhole covers. It is now ready for

use.



A tank of the size specified will re-

quire about four cubic yards of crush-

ed rock, two cubic yards of sand and

seven barrels of Portland cement.

There will also be needed 78 feet of

three—elghth—inch round steel rods.

which can be obtained from. the local





blacksmith or hardware dealer. The-





tank can be built without skilled la.-

bor.‘ It requires but few tools and

construction methods are‘ ‘so simple





threeeighth inch round

There 'will be neededfour.

pieces of three~eighth inch'rods. nine‘

feet six inches long, and eight piecesi





opening.-





 





 





m WA~._“W' ' .
._ H. 1...,“ , .





 





Nov. 71914."





N stock feeding a greatmajority of

the work hinges on the balanced

rationw



phasized, but after ”the pendulum has

swung both ways too far, as 'it al-

ways does with any reform, a happy

medium is struck in which the reform

plays the part that it should in the op-

eration under discussion. The role

which the balan'ced ration plays in

stock feeding might well be applied

to the problems which confront us

farmers in our crop feeding plans. It

is rather common to see the same

brand of fertilizer with the same com-

position being applied to all crops

alike on the farm and in the same

quantities. Undoubtedly, this prac-

tice is a wasteful one just as it would

be wasteful of feeds for us to feed all

classes of farm animals the same ra-

tions and in the same quantities, re-

gardless of the functions of these an-

imals or their size.



We know that in order to get the

best results from any kind of animal,

we first have to study the animal, gi v-

ing due consideration to his require-

ments, type and what we expect of

him. We cannot feed a mutton sheep

on the same ration that is given to a

wool sheep and get the same results

from both. The production of body

flesh and the production of wool re-

quire altogether different proportions

of carbohydrate and protein feeds in

the ration. The fattening or mutton

sheep will require a ration which is

very rich in carbohydrate feeds and

with a less amount of protein while

the wool sheep requires a'larger pro-

portion of protein, for the fibre is com-

posed quite largely of proteid sub

stances.



Different Crops Require Different



Rations.



The various crops raised on the

farm are just as different and just as

exacting in their requirements in the

matter of foods as are animals. Ow-

ing to the fact that there are so many

more of these classes of crops than

kinds of animals, the crop require-

ments will stand a little more study

than will the animal requirements. We

know a great deal less about the soil

than we. do about animal husbandry

and what we really know as definite

about either wouldn’t hurt anyone,

but the application of what we do

know and the search for new truth is

what will solve the problem of better

crops with the same handling.



Potatoes, corn, wheat, clover and

the root crops each take different ele-

ments from the soil and in different

proportions. ‘We know that potatoes

require a large amount of potash,

corn requires a large amount of nitro-

gen, wheat demands phosphates, while

clover supplies its own nitrogen large-

ly, calling on the soil for proportion-

ately larger quantities of potash and

phosphates. Also, the clovers and

grasses generally are benefited by an

application of lime which is not a fer-

tilizer at all, but a substance which

counteracts the acids in the soil and

thereby renders available many plant

foods which are locked up in un-avail-

able compounds before the application

of the lime.



With the Stockman who has barn-

yard manure to apply to the growing

crops or to use in various ways, the

problem is not so easy as some would

seem to infer. It can hardly be taken

for granted that barnyard manure is

a complete fertilizer for all crops. We

know that a chemical analysis shows

that the manure from different kinds

of animals will differ in composition,

as will also that which is produced

when different feeds are fed. All these

considerations make the study of the

needs of the plants an important part

of the farmer’s problem. Most farm

manures are rich in nitrogen, if they

have not been leached; in fact, the





proportion _ of \nitrogen is larger in.





these manures than is required for





Hewever, it-is often em-.





 





THE MI'CHIGAN FARMER

Balanced Ratlon for Plants.





some plants. If, then, we are to sup

ply the crop in question with the ele-

ments Which’ it' requires in order‘to

make a good growth, we must first

know approximately the proportions

which the plant demands. Added to

this, the knowledge of the relative

proportions of elements contained "in

the manure would be of limitless val-

ue in preventing wastes.



If, for instance, a certain crop does

best under a 2:7:10 fertilizer and the

manure applied contained the ele-

ments in the proportions of 2:5:8,

there is an excess of nitrogen sup-

plied and the plant cannot use it; the

probabilities are that before another





chop is planted, some of this excess





nitrogen will have passed off into the

air and be lost. With nitrogen values

ranging around 18 cents a pound, a

five~pound loss means a dollar gone.

With the example given above, no

doubt some profit would result by the

application of a little more phosphates

and potash. This would balance up





the plant’s ration and this shows it-

self in a better yield.

How to Balance Crop Ratlons.

While nearly all of us are convinc-





on each Michigan farm would be so

large that 20 lhundred—harsepoiver

tractors could not” move it from place

to place so that we could find out





what was" required even if someone





else determined it. Probably some

good fertilizer book which gives the

requirements of certain crops and the

analysis of different sorts of manures

will help a great deal in balancing

crop rations. Couple this with some

fertilizer trials and a definite knowl-

edge of the analysis of the fertilizer

applied, and one is in a fair way to be

more economical in distributing plant

foods.





Ingham Co. I. J. MATHEWS.“





.__.





PRESERVING FARM MACHINERY.





 





There is an immense amount of

money spent annually for various

types of farm machinery and this

amounts high up into the millions.

Part of this is for new and up-to—date

machinery, which is gradually being

introduced on the farms; part for ma-

chinery to replace that which has

served its purpose and is worn out

from natural wear and tear and long

usage; but a large part of the outlay

for machinery is to replace that which

has become useless and invaluable





 





Farm Implements Deteriorate More from Exposure than from Use.





ed that the crops need a more or less

accurately balanced ration, the “how”

of‘doing this is a puzzling problem

and the solution does not seem to be

in sight. A crude rule for telling

what element is lacking is' sometimes

given thus: If leafy plants do not do

well, nitrogen is lacking; if grains are

unthrifty, phosphorous is needed and

when root crops do not flourish, pot-

ash is required. While this rule is

unquestionably true, it is almost





A Covering of Weeds Makes Deterioration Still More Pronounced.





worthless because it is inapplicable.

One does not want to wait until he

can’t raise a good crop of corn before

nitrogen is applied.



The test plots which are recom-

mended by some authors are probably

the best help that the farm owner

can have to study his own soil re-

quirements. The only thing that can

solve this question is for the man to

lend himself to the study of the situ-

ation. A volume that would give the





fertilizer requirements for each field





 





from neglect on the part of the users.

Be as careful as one may, there will

be a nathral wear on any machine

that is used, and in time it will wear

out; but the life of usefulness of any

machine can be greatly prolonged by

proper care and housing it under cov-

er when not in use. There is alto-

gether too much neglect of farm ma-

chinery, and this is really apparent

by driving through the country and

noticing the great number of ma-





 





chines that are combating against the

weather elements.



It is not uncommon to find mowing

machines, hay rakes or tedders out in

the field or yard under a tree long af-

ter" haying is over. One place I no-

ticed a hay rake in the potato field in

the middle of the winter. It had been

used to rake up weeds at potato dig-

ging time and was left in the field;

another instance was a disk left at

the edge of the wheat field until late

in the winter The period of service





 

 

 





3—391





is naturally decreased by such treat-

ment, and not only‘ that but machines

so neglected are continuously out of

order and needing repair or new

parts. It is bad enough to leave ma-

chinery,“ wagons, plows, harrows, cul-

tivators, etc., out in the summer, but

far more detrimental in the winter.

When machinery does not have to

be frequently used or moved, it can

be quite compactly stored away, and

a lot of it take up a relatively small

space. When storing it away one

should keep in mind the tools that

will be needed first in the spring and

put them in last. Here is one case

of where “the last shall be first and

the first shall be last;” but it saves a

lot of moving and handling to put

them away in the order- they are to

come out in in the spring. For ex~

amplehthe haying tools should be

packed away first, so that it will not

be necessary to move them when the

plow, harrow or cultivator is needed,

and the potato machinery placed so





that it will come out in its proper or- '





der, the potato digger going in first

and the planter next.



Housing machinery protects them

from rust and preserves the paint. If

the paint becomes worn off and rust

starts, the depreciation is much great-

er than it otherwise would be. For

this reason it is advisable to keep

farm tools painted every few years,

but it is seldom practiced. If proper-

ly housed the original paint will gen-

erally last.



The winter is a good time to make

any repairs or replace broken parts

to machinery. If there are any parts

needed for mowing machine, binder,

potato machinery or any of the tools,

it is a good plan to order them in the

winter and get them in place before

time to use the machinery next year.

A few machine bolts of varying size

should always be kept on hand, so

when anything breaks or a bolt loos-

ens out, one won’t have to be taken

from other machinery for replacing

the one lost or broken. 'By keeping

a lot of these things in mind, and

sheltering the farm tools from the

weather, their life usefulness and ser-

vice is materially increased by no

small percentage.



Penn. L. H.

IS IT PROFITABLE To SPRAY FOR



BLIGHT?





 





Will Mr. Lillie please give us his

opinion as to whether it pays to spray

potatoes to prevent blight?



Oakland Co. SUBSCRIBER.





Careful expe1iments by the Geneva.

Experiment Station, and also by the

Maine Experiment Station, are con-

vincing evidence that it pays to spray

potatoes for blight. Where careful

records have been kept of portions of

fields that were sprayed and portions

that were not sprayed the yield has

always been much larger on the

sprayed fields. It will not only pay

for the labor of spraying but ther'e





me;





will be a handsome profit besides.‘





Blight does more damage to potatoes

than the ordinary potato grewer real-

izes. We ought to spray for blight

just as much as to spray for bugs.

The blight is eating or sapping the

life out of the potato and we don’t

notice it. The bugs eat up the vines

and it becomes serious. Now the best

way to do is to get your Bordeaux

mixture with'a little poison in it, then

when you spray for blight you also

spray for bugs. You ought to begin

early when the potatoes are four or

five inches high and spray at least

once each Week during the season.

In this way the Bordeaux mixture will

destroy largely the blight germs and

you will have more thrifty plants, a.

larger yield of potatoes, the potatoes

will not be as subject to rot as those

are that are not sprayed, and will be

healthier and better quality of tubers.

Of course, where one only raises a

small patch of potatoes it is quite a

job to spray if you have to do it by

hand. ' COLON C. LILLIE.





i

s

i

l
392—4 ,





 





Preparations





The matter of wintering live stock

i;-- very important because an animal

cannot do its best in the production

of meat, milk or wool when exposed

to the trying conditions of cold weath—

er. Some defer making any improve-

ments in their stabling until such

time as they can rebuild their barns

and install up-to-date improvements.

One of the improvements which cost

little and which should not be delay-

ed fer a single season is having plenty

of windows in the barn. My stock

barn, which is rather large, has a row

of Windows on each side. a window

for each stall and a wide driveway.

The outside doors of the barn are

kept open a good deal of the time.

They are, however, kept closed in ex-

tremely cold weather or when' the

cold winds are blowing. The major-

ity of barns are not sufficiently well

lighted to insure the health and com-

fort of the animals housed in them.

Particularly is this true with the 3V"

erage cow stable _in the older barns

found upon the average farm. Many

barns in which cattle are confined are

too open and drafty. It will cost very

little to line them with building paper

or put some old boards on the studs

or girths and stuff the space between

them and the outside wall with straw

or other material which will shut out

the wind and add to the health and

i‘OlllfOFl'. of the stable. With the store

rattle this is not so essential, espec‘

tally if they are allowed to run loose



1 the stable with access to the barn-

yards in all but extremely cold or

stormy weather. But cattle that are

being fattened during the winter must

he kept as comfortable as possible or

:1 good deal of the feed they consume

will have to be used in providing

warmth which is a more costly meth

ad than furnishing comfortable sta-

bles.



The barn «in which the store cat~

file are kept in very cold weather

'xuould, however.» be tight enough to

prevent draughts of cold air and the

opening which should be to the south

or east where practicable, ought to be

nrovided with doors so it can be clos-

ed in exceptionally bad weather, The

'—ame will also apply with equal force

to the sheep barn. Until comparative-

recent yea1s the ventilation of the

warns was a matter which did not re-

veive much attention. Dairymen who

:oufine their stock more closely than

my other class of live stock owners

-1ave learned from experience that it

is very important to have good venti-

lation in the barn. Many modern dairy

barns are equipped with the King

system of ventilation and I believe

that it will pay to install this system

in even the small dairy barn upon the

average farm. It can be done cheaply

and I believe will prove a profitable

,iivestment even if the rebuilding of

the stable is contemplated in the near

future.



The ventilation of the stable in

which the fattening cattle are fed

loose, and of the sheep barn is more

simple but it is important that these

barns be sufficiently tight to prevent

.l‘raughts of cold air from penetrating

the walls at any time in winter. A

fairly satisfactory way to ventilate

rhem is by an open door on pleasant

days, or an open window from the

side of the barn oposite the direction

:‘rom which the wind blows during

stormy weather. Both cattle and

sheep, particularly the latter, need and

must have. a great deal of fresh air

and when closely housed they will get

it in this way without danger to their

health, from draughts or the beating

in of storms. It is not uncommon to

see barns of this kind ventilated with

open windows on either side with the





wind blowing through them on cold.





winter days. This, of course, is bad

for the health as well as the comfort

of the animals. Thewindows on one

side should be closed and the door or





T 1-1 E Mic are-A N FAIR M'EL‘R‘





For Winter.





the proper side left





window upon

open.





I never close the large door of,





my sheep barn during the early part

of winter except when the cold wind

blows from that direction, then a door

on the opposite side is opened. Later

when the ewes begin to lamb and it

is necessary to confine them more

closely a chute is opened into the

barn loft and a window is opened at

a point where the wind cannot blow

directly upon it. This is a fairly sat-

isfactory method of ventilating sta«

bles for sheep and feeding cattle.





The quarters for hogs should be

well looked to although it is generals

1y presumed that Mr. Hog does not

require as much protection from the

cold as other classes of stock. This

may be true to a certain extent with

the fattening hog, as he has-a coat of

lard all around him which helps to

keep him warm, besides he is receiv-

ing heat-making foods. His quarters,

however, should be comfortable. He

needs a dry pen and a good bed. As

the pigs and shoats have not the

warm coat of fat around they they

suffer greatly when exposed to severe

weather. Little pigs simply cannot

stand much cold. I am confident that

more young pigs die from exposure

to cold than from any other cause.

The hog house should be divided into

compartments that will ,allow not

more than six or eight (ofthe larger

hogs in a place, for when the weather

is very cold they, will pile upon each

other for warmth and where a large

number are allowed to sleep together

some are apt to be injured and espe-

cially brood sows. Pigs which have

been weaned should not be permitted

to sleep with the older hogs. They

require a good sleeping room to them-

selves, With plenty of good dry bed-

ding. Plenty of exercise is of course,

necessary for the young growing stock

and breeding animals.



Illinois. W. M. HARDY.





LILLIE FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





We have just finished filling the

silos today. October 27, or rather we

have just finished cutting the ensilage

corn, for we did not have enough "to

fill three silos full. The small silo

only has about seven or eight feet of

lima bean silage in it and one big silo

is not quite full. This last, or late

cutting. is the corn grown after a crop

of early peas for the canning factory.

The field contained 11 acres. About

four acres was Stowell's evergreen

sweet corn, less than one acre Golden

Bantam sweet corn, the balance, six

acres, was Wings’ white cap, planted

quite thick.



The Golden Bantam yielded 1800 lbs.

for the factory, or $16.20. The Ever-

green corn yielded 8.12 tons of ears,

or $16.24 per acre. This field produc-

ed $19.66 tons of green peas, or prac-

tically $80 worth of peas per acre,

making a total yield of over $96 per

acre, besides the cornstalks and pea

vines. I estimate the sweet corn-

stalks to yield five tons of silage per

acre and the dent corn 10 tons per

acre. If the silage is worth $3.50 per

ton and this is what we charge the

cows for it, then, on the sweet corn

ground there is a value of $17.50 to

be added for corn silage, and on the

dent corn ground a value of $35 per

acre. Then we have the pea vine sil-

age. I guess this to amount to three

tons per acre, or a value of $10.50,

making a total crop value of $80 for

peas plus $16.24 for sweet corn plus

$17.50 for corn silage plus $10.50 for





pea vine silage, or a. total of $124.24





per acre in one season. While on the

ground planted to dent corn the tow!

would be .-,$-I‘25.50£ L‘El‘h'is shows that

the sweet corn is not as valuable a





'crop as corn grown wholly for silage





provided, of course, one has need of





,





the silage and it is worth $3.50 per

ton. ,



An exception to these figures should

be made for the Golden Bantam sil-

age for this did not yield over two

tons per acre, "and perhaps not that.



This season has been .very favor-

able for this sort of farming. No frost

here until October 26. All crops se-

cured before the frost. The dent corn

was mature enough to make good

silage. ,



With sufficient moisture at the time

of harvesting early peas it would seem

to be safe to plant a fairly early ma-

turing dent corn for silage most any

year and if one could grow ten tons

of silage after peas it would make a.

profitable crop yield. I shall try

again. COLON C. LILLIE.





CONCRETE ANCHOR POST.





 





The concrete post illustrated is 18

inches square at the top, 26 inches

square at ground and four and a half

feet high. The foundation is 30 inch-

es square at the ground level, and

widens to three and a half feet square

at the bottom, three feet below the

ground.



The post was made of a mixture of

six parts bank-run gravel, one part

cement and all the field stone that

could be used. It required three sacks

of' cement,'one yard of gravel and a

load of stone, Inch and a quarter

pipe was used to make the holes in

the post. Holes were made in the

form for holes both ways through but

where the post is to be pulled from

only one way the openings In the form

may be covered, as shown in the il-





 





The Straight Side of Post Simplifies

Hanging a Gate.





lustration. The form is made with

more slant’ on one side, this makes

one side of the post nearly plumb and

better for fastening a gate.



Branch Co. I. H. WALBBIDGE.





FARM NOTES.





 





Applying Lime with Manure Spreader.





Could a manure spreader be used to

distribute ground limestone? A neigh-

bor tells me this can be done. If not

is there any other practical way to

apply ground limestone than the

spreaders made for the purpose? A

neighbor tells me that if commercial

fertilizer is applied to land for a few

years and then the use of it discon-

tinued, that the land becomes worth-





less. Will you please advise on this

point?

Barry Co. SUBSCRIBER.





Ground limestone 'can be very suc-

cessfully distributed with a manure

spreader by putting a little coarSe ma-

nure in the bottom of the spreader

and covering it with a. layer of the

ground limestone to a sufficient depth





’to insure getting on about the right

Ground limestone-

is best applied with a special diet‘rlbr

inter made fer the purpose, but it can





amount per acre.





be distributed successfully in a num-

ber of ways

same by emptying it into a wagon box





The writer has“- applied»





 





Nov. 7” m"‘ f l





and having men. scatter it by hand or

with a shovel 0n ’ each ’side bf the

wagon box as it was driven along.

This, however, does not insure as

good distribution as the regular lime

or fertilizer distributor, or even the

manure spreader.





Does Commercial Fertilizer lnjure the

Land?



There is no foundation for the as-

sumption that the use of commercial

fertilizer will injure the land for fu-

ture production. even though its use

be discontinued after a time. The

fertilizer simply adds available plant

food to the soil, enabling the crop to

get a better start than would other-

wise be the case. If only small

amounts of fertilizer are used, the

added vigor which plants gain early

in their period of growth will perhaps

enable them to reach a little further

into the soil for the plant. food al-

ready there, and thus take more of the

available fertility from the soil than

would be possible if the fertilizer were

not used. _A judicious system of mam

agement, however, will. make this

profitable rather than otherwise, since

it will increase the revenue from

crops and will not make the problem

of conserving and increasing soil fern

tility more difficult.





RAISING SH ETLAND PONIES.





 





Many farmers would find the raise

ing of Shetland ponies a profitable,

side line. It is doubtful if any line of

horse breeding pays better than that

of growing Shetlands, considering the

small amount of expenditure and care

required in raiSing them. The cost of

raising Shetland ponies is remarkably

low. These little animals are natives

of a rough and semi—barren country

where they are compelled to. rustle

for every mouthful of their food. They

are almost complete strangers to a.

grain ration. In the Shetland Islands

they run out the year around, picking

their living between the rocks, and

they are never provided with shelter.

This kind of a struggle for existence

has resulted in a race of hardy little

animals that are ableto thrive on the

coarsest of food and to stand more

hardships when it comes to bad

weather, than any other line of do»

mestic stock. Yet they respond very

quickly to good treatment and for the

most profitable results in breeding

them the breeder should care for his

ponies the same as he does his other

stock.



While the Shetland pony is preemi-

nently a child's pet. it is also a most

useful and profitable adjunct to any

farm and family and there is always

a ready demand for them at good

prices. There seems to be no danger

of the. business, of raising Shetlands

being overdone. The price of these

little animals has about doubled in

the last few years notwithstanding

the fact that numerous farms have

been established where the ponies are

produced in large numbers. Shet-

lands can be sold at an early age and

they can be shipped to distant parts

of the country at very little expense,

thus giving breeders access to a large

market. A Shetland of 500 lbs. can

be crated and shipped 2000 miles by

express for about $10; for short jour.

neys about $5 is the prevailing rate.



The farmer who wishes to engage

in the raising of Shetland ponies on

either a large or a small scale should

start with registered Shetland brood

mares, as the better the stock the bet‘

ter the prices obtained. Good regis-

tered mares can be obtained for $750

to $200; filly colts at one year of age

sell for about $100. The color of Shet-





land ponies is wholly a matter of per-





sonal taste. Those breeding to sell

should take into consideration the

most popular and salable colors. In





.many localities the even]! marked





black and white spotted ones seem to

be preferred.





Indiana. W. 1‘. 13(1po
o





 





 





NOV. 7, 1914.





Vaanble Tribes of Cattle—ByN A Clapp





ually seek some means by



which we can get relief. At

the present time we are, in this coun-

try, short of the normal supply of cat-

tle. At present there are about 34,-

000,000 head of cattle in the country,

and we have considered that the nor-

mal supply must reach at least 50,000,-

000. The individual who can devise

means by which the American farmers

can meet the demands of the consum-

ers within a short period of time, say

two years, will have solved a great

problem and should be considered a

pbulic benefactor.

‘ Back in the early part of the 19th

century there was in the English coun-

ties-of Durham and Yorkshire, a class

of farmers who were devoting their

entire time and energy in their agri-

cultural pursuits which embraced

both live stock raising and general

farming. In that valley of the River

Tees there were excellent conditions

for the development of a class of cat-

tle, equal to, if not superior, to any-

thing found anywhere else in the

known world. Those farmers were

judicious managers, good care takers

and excellent feeders, especially dur-

ing the winter season. The dominant

supply 0f} feeds was grasses, hay,

roots, and a small amount of the dif-

ferent kinds of grain, including oil

meal.



Those farmers displayed excellent

judgment in the selection of their

breeding animals, and sorted out the

inferior ones, retaining only such as

possessed useful and profitable quali-

ties; in other words, those that read-





WHEN we are in distress we us-





ily produced meat and at the same”





time the cows yielded a large supply

of milk. Those Were conditions which

caused the fame of these cattle to be

carried to all parts of the civilized

World.



It was at that period that Robert

Bakewell, the so-called originator of

systematic breeding, began his opera-

tions in improving sheep and cattle.

Prices for both meat and other farm

products were high, and agricultural

pursuits were considered popular. At

this time King George III turned

farmer and became a pupil of Bake-

well, thereby lending his patronage as

an encouragement for other people to

follow in the improving of their live

stock.



There were far-seeing and sagacious

men who could see that by adopting a

system such as was followed by Bake-

well much could be attained toward

attracting the attention of people to

the then excellent breed of cattle in

the valley Tees that were beginning

to be known as the “Durham" breed.

The brothers Colling, Robert and

Charles, were among the first to un-

dertake to illustrate the benefits of

inbreeding and liberal feeding. With

the Durham cattle as subjects for op-

eration they carried their system to

an extreme, and found by the flourish

of high-sounding words and the then





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





popular method of advertising by the

word of mouth and the press attract-

ed much attention, and at the sale of

Charles Colling those cattle sold at

high prices. Privately considered,

their system of breeding was a detri-

ment instead of a benefit to- the breed,

notwithstanding that they attracted

the attention of cattle growers

throughout the civilized world.



At the same time there were breed‘

ers who were plodding along, as we

sometimes express it, in the even ten-

or of their ways, and using good, com-

mon sense methods in breeding,

which produced an excellent class of

cattle. The prices of cattle obtained

at the Colling sale attracted buyers

from this country, as we at that time

had an abundance of feed and a very

poor class of native Cattle to consume

it, and it was the sign of the display

of good judgment when men of means

imported some of the best specimens

of the breed into this country that

could be found in the valley of the

River Tees. Among those cattle that

came at an early date were represent—

atives of tribes that afterwards be-





 





5—393





 





 





The craze for specialties had not ov-

ertaken the people of this country at

the time, and the farmers were able

to supply the market with an excel-

lnt quality of meat, which was made

on the roughage produced on the farm

and brought a good price in the mar-

ket and gave excellent satisfaction

with the consumers.



Subsequent events have done much

to drive out of existence the excellent

breed of cattle which were so well

adapted to meet the farmers’ require-

ments. In England there was a di-

vision among the breeders, some fol-

lowing a breeder called Booth, and

another, Bates. The Booth cattle were

not popular in this country, but the

Bates cattle became very popular. The

distinguishing differenlces between

the cattle descended from those kept

by the two leading breeders was that

the Booth cattle, which Were subse-

quently called Shorthorns, were ex-

cellent beef makers, but not heavy

milkers. The Bates Shorthorns were

distinguished for both beef and milk,

and furnished the farmers of this

country, who had the enterprise to in-





 





Pride of Albion, Grand Champion Shorthorn Bull at the Mich. State Fair.





came houseworld words among farm-

ers and breeders of that distinguish-

ed and excellent breed of cattle. All

lovers of Shorthorns understood well

what was meant by the “Young

Marys,” the “Young Phyllises,”

“Strawberries,” “Rose of Sharon,” and

many other tribes too numerous to

mention. It may be proper to state

that the tribes were usually named af-

ter the name of the cows that were

imported, and the descendants of im-

ported “Young Mary” were called

“Young Marys,” etc.



Subsequent importations of cattle of

excellent character followed, and in

a few years there were a considerable

sprinkling of the Shorthorn cattle and

their grades in nearly all parts of the





country. Those representatives of the





old style Shorthorn were of great size,

the majority of the cows were excel-

lent milkers. Those characteristics

constituted excellent farmers’ cattle.





A V -7





vest in animals descended from the





Bates herd, with excellent represent-

atives which gave good satisfaction.

Many of the men of riper years of to-

day who had experience with those

early Shorthorn cattle on the farm of-

ten refer to them as the best cattle

for the general farmer ever known.

Dame Fashion got in her work in

subsequent years and held her magic

wand before the breeders of the coun-

try and dictated, to their detriment,

many things that were to prevail

among the breeders. She first declar—

ed that some of the original colors

among the Shorthorns were not as

good for the general farmer as the

one color. The red, White and roan





were the distinguishing colors 'of the





breed. Dame Fashion said: “The

white is not as good as the other col-

ors, and therefore must be obliterat-

ed.” Breeders fell in with the idea,





got rid of their white cattle, and as





“ .1





Dame Fashion demanded still farther,

the roans, which were usually the

best specimens in the. herd, and held

only to the red cattle. No matter how

inferior in general characteristics, the

one thing, color, was held, although it

often went along with the animals of

inferior quality. The following of this

fashion did much toward destroying

the desirable characteristics of the

breed, and subsequently had much to

do with rendering them unpopular

with breeders who were more discrim-

inating as regards the useful and prof-

itable qualities of their cattle, and

they were persuaded to turn their at-

tention to other breeds. Fashion had

much to do in what was called “shap-

ing the pedigrees,” or the selection of

the lines of blood that should be used





in perpetuating the Shorthorn breed.





In fact, they'became so discriminating

that no matter whether the animals

were of excellent quality and desira-

ble characteristics, if they carried

within their veins lines of blood

known as unfashionable, they must

be gotten rid of and only the fashion-

able lines of blood be retained. This

discriminating against the good cattle

and retaining the inferior ones on the

account of fashion, was another means

of defeating the ends for which cattle

were kept; that is, to supply the

farmer with cattle that were possess-

ed of useful and profitable qualities,

producing meat and milk.



Still another craze become dominant

among the breeders, and that was dis-

criminating against those Shorthorns

that were bred as the majority of the

Shorthorns in the country had been





bred, from excellent foundation and





along the lines mentioned, and taking

up another class of Shorthorns that

were introduced in this country and

were useful when the western ranches





were being stocked in competing with.





the exclusively beef breeds, such as





the “Herefords,” “Polled Angus,” and





“Galloway” breeds.





By the time this craze had run its‘





course, What was termed the old style

Shorthorns had been disposed of for

meat, prices were low and the major-

ity of the breeders had abandoned

that business, and the so-called spe-

cialists’ dairy breeds have taken their

places; and today all of that portion

of the country known as the Middle

West, where a large proportion of the

cattle should be raised to supply the

meat demanded by the consumers in

our markets, is nearly destitute of this

class of cattle which can produce both

meat and milk, and meet the require-

ments of the farmers in supplying not

only» the markets with meat, but with

dairy products.



We have often been led to wonder

if, by any means, the same class of

cattle that were once so popular and

useful, the reds, whites and roans

that were such an ornament in the

green fields in which they were pas-

tured, which with ordinary care and

keep yielded so abundantly, could





 





. A_ String of Shorthornpows with Creditable Milk and Butter. Records, a” Desirable Type of Farnners’ General Purpose Cows.





 





 





.. ,.





 





;

f

,.

.
(fit wasn ’t a Studebaker.





' Jule. a) nu.-





 





We have thousands of letters from all parts

oi the United Slates furnishing proof that

thirty-live and forty years of life are nothing

1 unusual for Studebaker wagons.



1] --and the Studebaker wagon you buy today

i is better built than the Studebaker wagon

of l865. Improved machinery makes it so. '





_. STUDEBAKER

1 NEW YORK

;‘ MlNN EAPOLIS





AGOl

SAll_CT LAKE CITY





 





it bought that wagon 4-8 years ago-

Use it every day-it IS a Studebaker





AWACON that has been giving its owner adequate service

for lorty~eight years would be considered a wonderful wagon





D ALLAS





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





Thousands of Studebakers, forty years old and more, all over the

United States, are making money for their owners every day.





Here 18 a letter from dealer William Nevenheim who reports on a

Studebaker wagon owned by David Clark, of Bemis, South Dakota:





“1 have a customer here, Mr. David Clark, who owns a Stude-

baker wagon he has used constantly since 1865.

bought this wagon from G. W. Howard, Gilenton, Win.

“The wagon is in actual use every day."





STUDEBAKER WAGONS AL WA YS LAST





Mr.Clu-l:





Don t accept my ot





o'od Mg. swam





tobbe “just u



an stitutcmay cheaperbutitisntu to

Studebaker standard and you cant “£316

to buy It.





Studebaker Wagons, Buggiee and Home.

have equally good records.





South Bend, ind.

KANSAS cmr





SAN FRANCISCO PORTIAND, our.





Studebakers last a lifetime





 





 





Empire Molasses ‘





Slavic: grain. aPufts fat on stock quicker and cheaper.

low {noes and arantee.





. niifirsacoiainv or 13





PERGHERUN STAlllflNS





FOR SALE.





11" two and three-year-olds,blook.'1‘hese are good



9 weights and desirable horses of our own breeding



We sell direct. to the farmer at reasonable prices.

and anltO inspection.





A. A. PALMER P8: SONS,





R. R. Station Orleans. P..0 Belding, Mich





         





 





 





Registered Percherons,



HOOD MAKES. FILLIES AND YOUNG

slTALLIONS at prices that will surprise you.

i... C. HUNT & CO" Eaton Rapids. Michigan.





 





—Reg. Shetland Ponies, mostly

Depots. 1 Tsyfitted stallion and young

orrlson. Pigeon, I1ch.





Pigeon Pony Farm





stock for sale.





 





For Sale. Reg. Percherona Blacks and Grays, 16 head to

led f11111. ll111ares'm1d three stallions, Priced right.

Writs. J. M. HicksézSons, R ‘2 St. Johns, Mich. Boll Phonon”





 





Fun s‘lE—lmported Percheron Stalliofl,w 7 ayeare old

sound and kind. dark ray h 1803‘

the. Euro tool getter. W. H. Erwin, .S., Home I ,Mich.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





lilc ield Michi n '





 





 

   

 

 





 

 





i

1

1





 

 





twice; 311-33301? egltzi‘éié) filtr'ariii gilm‘

3

lightest Running 19: ”/1!

Feed Mills (’3’





kinds of small ain.10 sizes 2 to 25

.1'

l

Haudytooperate. Askwhymnd "F. , _





1' I I

'3 3 ‘3 W211"! C l:

Anam-

H. P. Conical aed grinders—dif-

1)—

state 8129 of your engine.





Saves l5% to 20% of Food

fill}

fer-exit from all ot ere. ‘(

We also make Sweep Grinders. '





 

 





 

 

 





 





 





 

 





   





FREE! A‘e folder anon dmfig‘l





D. N. P. BO WSHER ca. 6 ‘

South Bond. Ind.





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





Save Work,

Time, Money





By using our low down

steel wheel

wagon





 

 

 

 





saves high lifting, lighten

draft, don‘ t rut roads. Spokes



don‘t loosen—wheels don't dry out or rot.

Write for free book on Wagons and Wheels.





[loch-h Who“ con 35 am Oh... Qlllncy. Ill.





 





 

 





[E





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





from good,

SHOULD GET





Every farmer who raises hogs—yowabsolutely

needs to know the whole story—needs our free

booklet “The Undigestcd Tonnes—The



Science of Feeding. "



I! all! the whole truth about law and cochd M

”preventhozcholcn. mandala: disc-oc- in unl-

naIs—bowto tokecp



poultry healthy—new dice



Put- Dollm In You Pocket. ~



Sad for a booklet TODAY—flute! you winger. 3





nos. 1 co. In. _ QL





"NO MORE H06 CHOLERA FOR ME





'1 000111111 roan"





“Just. Hog Talk—however hogs don’ t want cholera, 1

' worms or disease—but the health that comes





wholesome-M- YOU ‘





clean,





   

 

 

 

 

 





In)“. oowo. all... and

Mindanao-





Twig.





again be brought from their native

country and distributed Where they





would meét the reunitements of b6th'





farmer and consumer. We sincerely

hope that there will be a. revival of

interest along these lines, and that

the farmers who have an abundance

or forage and grains on their farms

to be consumed and turned into milk

and meat, can again secure specimens

of a. noble breed that will not only

enrich the grower and breeder, but

will much better meet the demandscf

the public than the ewe-necked, nan

row chinned, narrow backed, cat ham-

ed, pod bellied specimens so abundant

in our-markets at the present time

Under modern conditions and with

the knowledge and skill now possess-

ed by the average farmer of the coun-

try in rearing. feeding and marketing

cattle of excellent quality, there are

opportunities for the ambitious and

enterprising 'oues to not only secure

a better class of cattle than is being

kept at the present; time, but there

are possibilities of making more mon-

ey in the rearing of cattle under our

present system of feeding than can be

secured by any other breed cf cattle,

and give better satisfaction to the

grower and better satisfaction to the

consumer. Those who will inaugurate

the schemes by which this famous and

useful class of cattle can again be

adopted as the cattle operated with by

the general farmers, will be public





benefactors.

Wayne 00. N. A. CLAPP.

FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.





 





Potatoes as a Stock Food.





Do potatoes make a good feed for

cows and horses in place of grain

(oats), and if so in what proportion?



Alpena 00. J. D. M.





Potatoes may be made a valuable

factor in the ration for either cows 01"

horses by feeding raw in moderate

quantities to add succulency to the





 





iration.



fliowever,

" roughage rather than grain in the ra-

tion, as they are not sufficiently con-





 





In this case. as with silage,

they should replace other





centrated food to be substituted for

grainH Comparatively large quantities

can be fed to cows with’safety as is

the case with silage, but they should

be made onl, a, limited factor in the

ration of the horse. When steamed

or cooked they tend to stimulate a de—

posit of fat, while when fed raw the

milk secretion is increased. but the

animal will shrink in weight unless

the descrepancy is made up with

grain. in feeding experiments where

potatoes have been cooked and fed in

comparison with grain in rations made

up of part cooked potatoes and part

grain, it has been found that from 400

to 450 pounds of potatoes are equal in

feeding value to 100 pounds of grain.

When used as a means of furnishing

variety and succulence in the ration.

potatoes are a valuable food for all

classes of live stock, but beyond this

point they cannot profitably be used

to take the place of a. grain ration.

Cooked Feed for Hogs.





Kindly give us your Opinion on

cooking feed for hogs

Oakland (‘0 A. R. F.





There is considerable difference of

opinion with regard to the advisability

of cooking grain feed for hogs. Many

farmers who have practiced this meth-

od of feeding contend that it is a. prof-

itable method. particularly through

the promotion of better health and

greater thrift of the hogs fed. Some

go so far as to make the claim that it

is a practical protection against infec-

tious diseases, including hog cholera.

There is no doubt but that the feed

cooker is a valuable addition to the

equipment of any farm. There are a.

great many feeds which can be prof-

itably utilized by cooking 'which could

not be used to as good advantage in

any other way, Such as cull beans and

potatoes, etc. It is also claimed by

many excellent feeders that it is prob

itable to cook chopped clover or al-

falfa hay with grain feed for hogs,





particularly for brood cows" that are





 





NOV. 7. 1914.





being carried through the winter.-

There is consrderable experimental

data. to show that no greater economy

in gains is secured by cooking all the

feed for hogs, but an occasional or

frequent feed of cooked feed is un-

doubtedly beneficial for them, both by

way of adding variety to the ration,

and premoting more healthy and nor

mal condition of the animal. Every

good horseman knows that an occa-

sional bran mash is invaluable in con-

ditioning a horse, and common sense

indicates that the same principle can

be profitably applied with hogs.





Sheep as Scavengers.



I never had much experience with

sheep and do not. know much about

them. and would like some advice. i

am in need of some sheep to help me

clear a farm or two. I want a. breed

that is healthy, hardy, prolific breed

ers, and that turn OK at good fleece of

wool. The brush, weeds, etc., I want

to subdue are sumac, popple, witch-

liazel, poison ivy, bittersweet, black<

berry, goldenrod, milkweed, brakes.

I wish to know which of those they

will eat and which they will not. To

what extent, if any, can they be pas-

tured in corn and potato fields for

weeding them? Does the use of bells

have any. influence to prevent dogs

from chasing them? If [undertake

the sheep business, I want to start

so I will not make any mistakes to be

corrected



Montcalm Co 0. . S. K. M.



Sheep are a. valuable aid in the

clearing of new land if rightly used.

They should not, however, for best

results be turned into brush pastures,

as there is usually a dearth of grass

in such places. and sheep cannot be

expected to yield a profit where they

are compelled to browse for their en-

tire living. _



be best way to handle sheep on

new land is to burn the land over af-

ter it is lumbered and sow to clover

and timothy on the burning. If the

land has been permitted to grow up

to brush after it has been lumbered,

then the best course is to cut the

brush, burn» when dry, and seed at

once. A fair stand of grass will be

secured, and under these conditions

enough sheep can be pastured in the

field so that they will browse dOWn

the new growth as rapidly as it ap-

pears. and they will do a. very thor-

ough job in keeping down both. brush

and weeds on all upland.



As to the best breed to use for this

purpose. it would probably be the bet-

ter course to buy western sheep which

are mostly of the middle Wool type.

Western sheep are less apt to be

iroubled with internal parasites, which

is an important consideration where

they are to be pastured for some time

on the same land. We have seen

lambs turned into corn fields to trim

out the weeds, but do not. consider it

a good practice.



It is thought by many that bells

help to prevent dogs from attacking

sheep, but they can not be considered

as a certain preventive.





It is stated that the outbreak of

foot, and mouth disease among cattle

in. southern Michigan has reached a





serious stage, and are bureau of ani.

mal industry of the Department of

Agriculture has ordered its entire

available force of inspectors to the

afflicted territory. The bureau hopes

to stamp out the disease before it has

an opportunity to spread to other sec~

tions. Already. however, the disease

has spread to Indiana, and it has been

sweeping over the noithern portion of

that state, Inspector Thomas R. Cast-

er, of the federal bureau, announcing

that 750 head of cattle and sheep had

been corralled for killing at once

This disease has always been greatly

dreaded in this country, and in Euro

pean and South American countries,

where its ravages at various times

have been serious. While proving

fatal in only isolated cases, it is dam

gerous because it generally leaves the

infected animals in a crippled condi-

tion and because it is highly contagi-

ous. The only way to eradicate it is

to destroy the infected animals and

at once thoroughly disinfect the prem—

ises. It is supposed the disease was

carried from Michigan to the two

northern counties of St. Joseph and

Laporte in Indiana, where a. quaran-

tine was promptly placed on all clove:

booted animals by the state veterinary

officer and the United States Bureau

of Animal Industry officials. .
. NOV. 7: 17514.





Praetical





ElflllflllfllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllllIll|IlllIIIIIllIllllIIIIlllllllllllll!lllllll|IllIlllllll.lllII|IllllllIll]llll|Illlll||IllllIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllIllllllll|llllllllllIII||I1|Illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll=Jl





THE CONTRIBUTIONS ,OF POUL-

TRY TO FOOD AND DIET.





 





A recent Department of Agriculture

report estimated that poultry is kept

on 89 per cent of the farms, this in-

cludes, of course, chickens, ducks,

geese and turkeys, and that the total

number of chickens in the United

States was in excess of 200,000,000;

the total number of turkeys, in excess

of 5,000,000; and geese and ducks, to-

gether, almost 10,000,000. The esti-

mated value of the poultry of the Uni-

ted States was better than $125,000,-

000,and it may thus be seen that do-

mestic fowls are a very important

item for consideration, and from a

standpoint of food, to the country.

Probably 200,000,000, if not more, con-

sidering all kinds of poultry, are con-

sumed yearly in the United States,

which would make a per capita con-

sumption of two or more.



The Increasing Use of Poultry for



Food.



It is usuallyconsidered among city



buyers and consumers that .poultry,

particularly chickens, and turkeys, at

the prevailing prices current, consti-

tute a very expensive form of meat,

but exceedingly high prices- prevail

for the sirloin and porterhouse steaks,

and as a consequence the use of poul-

try has been coming more rapidly in-

to prominence generally, particularly

in the cities.

' There are several things which have

heretofore operated against the con-

sumption of poultry as a regular item

of diet. Among theseitems perhaps

we may give"first consideration to

the difficulty of offering poultry in a

thoroughly marketable form. The pro-

dilction and marketing of poultry so

far has not attained anything like the

wholesale scale that beef, mutton, and

pork have reached in the larger pack.

ing centers, but has been left to the

individual poultryman, and chiefly the

farmer. .



.Poultry Raising a Side Issue.



Except in-a very few instances the

raising of poultry is not attempted on

a very large scale. It is a side issue

with most farmers and being a sub-

sidiary item, no great attention is paid

to questions of feed, to the'housing of

poultry, or to desirable methods of

marketing. We think a careful study

of the poultry situation will show that

there is no live stock on the farm,

which returns a greater,- or perhaps,

as great, a profit for the sum invest-_.

ed, as poultry, and partiCularly chick-

ens.



In the raising of poultry, speaking

generally- the fowl is used for egg

production_ as well as for food, but

leaving out of censideration for the

present, poultry in this capacity of

egg production for food purposes, we

will consider in brief several items to

which consideration is not generally

given by farmers and which have an

important bearing upon the use of

poultry for food purposes.



Effect of Kind _of Feed.



From this standpoint, probably the

item of first consideration should be

the character of the feed used and its

effect upon the finished carcass of the

fowl. Aside from the items of health

the feed used in the early stages of

life have no great effect upon the

character of the flesh of the mature

fowl, but as in the breeding of steers,

it is of prime importance that the

food used for finishing the fowl be

given very careful consideration.

Without doubt, feed has an important

relationship to the quality and per-

haps the flavor, in a general, way, of

the poultry flesh. ~ Another important

factor, of _ course, is the age of the

fowl. A very young bird has a more

delicate flavor and is, of course, more

tender and juicy than an old one.





x





T H"E"“ M“I‘ 6 H1 G A N“ F A R‘M“E=-R "‘





glil‘lllfllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllll||llllllllllillflflllillllllllllllllllllllll|lillIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHllllIllllllllllll .JlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllg

E

E





Science.





L”ll:"Jilllllllllllllllllillllllllllllll





Age tends to give the flesh a strong

and undesirable flavor. It is gener-

ally considered, likewise, that sex has

considerable to do with flavor, the

preference in regard to flavor and oth-

er points of consideration being given

to the female birds. There is possibly

one exception to this statement, and

that iswhen caponizing is practiced,

for the highest market price is paid

for well developed capons.

Strong Flavored Fowls _Undesirable.

Poultry experts maintain that the

food of fowls must contain, or should

contain, scraps of animal meat. We

think this is essentially desirable for

laying fowls, but some considerable

care should be exercised in the nature

of the meat scraps which are fed. In

the first place 'it should be wholesome

meat; it should not be decayed or

rancid, or badly or highly flavored

meat. Fish is not an ideal meat for

the finishing of poultry for the market

as its flavor is too strong and will





taint the finished product. Manyhigh- '

1y flavored vegetable foods are for .





like reasons undesirable if onegwould





produce a delicate, desirable flavor _of .





poultry flesh.



These points are not raised with the

idea that the reader will getany valu-

able advice on the feeding of poultry,

but rather to call his attention to the

fact that in the production of poultry

for the market it is desirable that he

should look-into the question of poul-

try feeds, particularly when finishing

for an early market. '

Cleanliness is the Foundation Stone.



In the-marketing of poultry probab.

ly the item of highest‘consideration

should be'the practice of scrupulous





cleanliness all the way through; not .





only in the surroundings under which

the poultry are kept,‘ but in the kill-

ing, the plucking, marketing, and in

the market—in the storing and dis-

playing. The accepted method of kill-

ing seems to be to suspend the fowl

by the feet and sever the artery in

the'roof of the mouth. In this way

the blood leaves the carcass entirely

and does not become coagulated and

stagnant in the arteries and veins. It

is said that removing the feathers

promptly after killing facilitates the

plucking very much. This is done for

market purposes by plucking dry. The

common method on the farm of re-

moving the feathers is to dip the_fowl

in a pail of hot water which; of course

makes-the process of plucking much

easier, but also tends at the same time

to impair the appearance of the fowl





_ after it reaches the market.





j In the- marketing of poultry the two

great dairy. desideratums , likewise

should be followed; . first, cleanliness,

and then cold. As soon as the fowl is

killed and‘plucked it should be placed

in a dry, cold atmosphere. The prac-

tice in certain sections of the coun-

try of putting the fowls in cold water

for cooling and plumping, or of using

a bellows for blowing out and in this

way plumping, should certainly be dis-

couraged from the standpoint of sani-

tation. .

We Believe Poultry Should be Drawn.

We are advocates of the drawing of

poultry before marketing. This sub-

ject of drawn versus un-draw,n poul-

try has been up for discussion a num-

ber of times and we are aware that

many commercial men insist that

poult‘ry should not be drawn before

marketing. This is an instance where

we believe that sanitation should take

precedence over commercial consider-

ation. There is no doubt in our minds

that the leaving of poultry undrawn

when it comes through the various

stages of marketing is not conducive

to the production of finely flavored

flesh, jeopardizing the qualityof the

product, and may be a menace to the

health. (To be continued).





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   





 





To all men own-





ing horses, who

answer this advertisement immediately, I

will positively send my introductory course

in Horse Training and Colt Breaking AB-

SOLU_’1‘ELY FREE.





World’s Greatest System

. ' of HorSemanshi ip



Twenty-five thousand FARMERS and horse-owners have

taken my regular course and found that it doe: the work.

Even ifgiou have only one horse, it will pay you to master

my won erful system. The Beery Course 15 the result of a.

lifetime’ 5 work as a tamer and trainer of horses. As one of

my students has said, "The horse has never been fouled

that Prof. Beery cannot handle." My record prOVes it.





Master Any Horse Break a Colt In

The Beefy Course gives Double-Quick 'l‘tme!

you the priceless secrets of You can do it by my simple,





 





Bad Habits

Cured '

By Beery‘System





Refusing to lend. ,

Banning away when hal-

or brid lei’oremoved.



ing fast in the stall.



Paving in the stable.



1Pw while hitched.



findu in the stall.

ghtlmz nlterorbfldlo.



Fender bitted.



’ulling on one rein.



hugging on the bit.



,Junging and plunging.



Refusing to stn n.d



tefusing to back._



Ilhy in Bulking.



A-frsi of automobiles.



Afraid of robes.



Afraid of clothes on line.





a lifetime—enables you to fractical humane system. There

master any horse—to tell the

disposition of any herse at

sight-to add many ddllars to

the value of every horse you

handle—and my students are

.all good traders.





33 lot of money in colt training.

Make 81,200 to 88,000

a Year '

Many of my graduates are

making big money as profes-

sional horse trainers at home or





Afraid of cars.





 





 





Agra}: 0% zourad (31311 a gum



A r11 0 on -p nying. .1 -



15mg offszgnmmen 111‘sf A%



‘1 m 'o e no - ~ . flu .

shaft: or human, ‘ BEFORE TRAINING . . 11“}





Running away.





1110111 1111 My Graduates Are

£113,351: “* Doing Wonders





a

Bad to 5300'“ A. L. Dickinson of Friendship

Bream“ stru 3 N. Y. . says. Iam'workin a air of

Refilli'l‘::oit§g dg‘IIvlnTlalilk :[iorzetshthnt%leasxl11aodoutsetvlgsrlfi1111911.



. so em or eve emu ew

30"“ 112 at hogs or doc. l'BBSOlI, and have gen offers





traveling. I made a fortune trav-

eling and giving exhibitions. You

have the same opportunity. .





Send the Coupon





and t the Int oducto

lltlorsitgse Trainings FEREW This





   

   

   

   

   





 





 

 





 

 





 





 





   





 

 





 





   





alon the roe , n . special offer may be

T.“ sgitch'dn. .. ‘ ' l5): 1&9 nilImlr T337513 wr‘i'tggn' {sit'l ‘ mono 0‘ now F531;” 1119 about

'J Ipi‘ 1:ng tongue lworth manydtimles lltsttgost.” t I y

3.1 to 1511.1. to “1...... or “v:,,m°,,,nz,, 0321,25,, 30,, 5- m tenor. JESSE BEERY

wagon. Dept. 42. Pleasant Hill. 0M0





 

 





 





 





 





The Flame of Acetylene Light is Small





and the Burner Peculiar





Insurance reports say that 13

a list of 10,000 recent fires and accio

dents caused by illuminants, 9990

were charged to the misuse and abuse

of electricity, kerosene, gasoline and

city gas and only ten to the misuse and

abuse of Acetylene.





That's why the engineers of the Na-

tional insurance Board have endorsed

, , . . . Acefiylene. They say it's setter than the

You [night leave time of these ’ ‘1 . ,59I“ umlnant's it is rapidly displacing.





Acetylené burners open by accident . You should use home made Acety-





, all day—Land even than there wouldn’t .be. lens yourself to lighit your h’ouse and burns

gas enough in the air of the room to; ‘3‘.“1- t° °°°k ”“5 ““39"" ,





enable you to set fire to it if you tried.





, As a matter of fact, you would have to leave

the burner open fully three days and nights in-

a room twelve by fourteen, with windows and

doors closed tight, before there would be any

fire or explosion whatever. ' ~‘ - .





And the chance of your leaving a burner

open that long is not- worth considering. The

pungent odor ofthe escaping as would be cer-g



' tain to attract attention in 'a ew' seconds. . , .





You have probably noticed that



a Pilot Country Home Acetylene



burner is shaped like the letter “Y."



And that the little gas openings



in the arms of the burner are only



pin hole size. ‘ So small they let



din only half of a cubic foot of

' A'Eetylefie in an hour. ‘ ~





 





All the facts and figures are in our illustrated

cataloiue which we send on request. Address





Oxweld Acetylene Company





Western Factory

3620 Jasper Place, Chicago. "I.





' Eastern Factory

682 Fretinghuysen Ave” Newark, N. J.





 





 

 





: Half the food value of your corn crop is in the



stalks. The fodder from the stalks pays the whole

cost of operating an Appleton which shreds or cute

them while bucking the can.

The Appleton was the first successful machine hus.

ker made; the product of 42 years’ experience in

.. -’ ‘ _ __ tarmmachinerymakinm Husks the cleanest, shells

. Made . fir -. . 1 » theleast, and is equipped with the most efficient



in 4 sizegg corn saver. Easiest and safest to operate.





Guaranteed to do more and better work with less power





I321“ any other kooks: of seine size, ,workisg undefr equa‘li condiitions. Built by Appleton standards.

ves years 0 serv ce ye oneseason ‘s ncome rom pays tscost. Send

-Husker book— it's free, APPLETO N MFG. co.. 520 Fargo $1.. nui'filfliiithfic‘fpigi?





, Every person in Michigan who has I.

WANTED! Fur Coat, Robe or Set of Furs

that needs to be Repaired, Relined or Remodeled to know that





The Blissfield Robe & Tanning Company,

Btlsstleld. Michigan,



does this work and does it right. Send your Fur Garments



'tous at our expenso. If our price is not satisfactory we



return goods to you PREPAID. Cold weather will soon



here. Send for free C_3'taloguc.





 





   





 





When writing advertisers please mention The Michigan Farmer





 





._._ -_._.._.. _ _... .... -....... ~mm
u...- _.. “warm...“





396—8





 





 





Address of Hon. D. F. Houston, Secretary of Agriculture, at the National Dairy Show.





AM not here today to discuss the



technical problem of dairying or



the live stock, situation specifically

and eSpecially not to discuss either of

these topics in their technical bear-

ings. Others much more expert in

such matters will deal with these

problems. I am here to consider with

you certain broad aspects of agricul-

ture and of rural life in this nation;

to indicate the interest of the Federal

Government in their betterment, and

to tell you, as fully as time will per-

mit, what the government is doing to

help the farmer and therefore make

the nation prosperous. It is a truism

that the advancement of farming and

the betterment of rural life lie at the

very root of our prosperity and

strength as a nation. Today all the

people, urban and rural alike, are

keenly interested in the supply of the

necessaries of life, and recognize the

supreme importance of making agri-

culture efiicient ,and profitable, and

rural life comfortable, healthful, pleas-

urable, and attractive. More attention

and more intelligent thinking have

been directed to the study of the fun-

damental problems in rural economies





in the last few years than in any pre-_





ceding decade, and it may be safely

asserted that in the last two years

more significant legislative measures

have been enacted or pushed farther

to the stage of completion than in any

similar period in the history of the

nation. It is vastly significant that

attention is no longer exclusively di-

rected merely to the primary prob

lems of production. The center of in-

terest, as a matter of fact, has tended

to shift, and the rural life problem

has begun to be conceived, as it

should be, as a very broad and com-

plex one.



Too Much Emphasis Placed on Pro-



duction. .



Up to the last two or three years,

unquestionably attention was direct-

ed too exclusively merely to the pro-

duction of rural life. The slogan was

“make two blades of grass grow

where only one grew before, and in-

dividualism characterized thinking

and acting. Obviously, there is more

to rural life than the mere increase of

crops and animals, important as this

is; more even than increase in pro-

duction and the finding of markets;

more than a matter of profits and ev-

en of justice in distribution; and to

limit the attack on the rural life prob-

lem merelyio theserphases of it is

inadequate and wasteful. It is neces-

sary to look at this side of our na-

tional economy in its larger aspects

as well, and while not neglecting the

older forms of activity to do all in

our power to organize rural life, to de-

wlop the moral, the intellectual, and

the broader economic. governmental,

and social interests. For, the rural

district no less than in the urban dis-

trict, it is life and that more abund-

antly which we are interested in, and

to which all the material things must

minister, and certainly the time has

come to bring it about that all the

fruits of modern civilization shall not

accrue to the towns and cities.



The Nation and Agriculture.



The neglect of rural- life by the na-

tion has not been conscious or wilful.

We have been so bent on building up

great industrial centers; in rivaling

nations of the world not so fortunate-

ly circumstanced agriculturally; in

manufacturing, fostering it by every

natural and artificial device we could

think of; so busy trying to make each

city larger by a half million or more

people for the next census, that we

have overlooked the very foundations

of our industrial existence. It has

been assumed that we have had a

natural monopoly in agriculture, that

it could take care of itself, and for

the most part we have cheerfully left

it to do so; and, too, recklessness and





waste have been incident to our

breathless conquest of a continent.

And so, as the President recently

said: ‘It has singularly enough come

to pass that we have allowed the in‘

dustry of our farms to lag behind the

other activities of the country in its

development." * * *

The Decrease in Staple Food

Products.



W'ith all our eflorts, while we .wit-

ness an increasing diversification of

agriculture and both a relative and

absolute increase in many of our im-

portant lines of production, such as

wheat, forage crops, fruits, dairy prod-

ucts, and poultry—we still note not

only a relative but also an absolute

decrease in a number of our important

staple food products such as corn and

meats. In the former, in the last 15

years there has been no substantial

advance. In cattle, sheep and hogs

there has been an absolute decline-—

in cattle from the census year 1899-

1909 of from 50 million head to 41

million; in sheep of from 61 million

to 52 million: of hogs from 63 .million

to 58 million, while population has in-

creased 16 million. Remember that

this situation appears not in a crowd-

ed country, but in one which is still

in a measure being pioneered; in 'one

in which, with 935 million acres of

arable land, not over 400 million or 45

per cent is under cultivation: in one

in which the population per square

mile does not exceed 31 and ranges

from seven-tenths of one per cent in

Nevada to 508 in Rhode Island.



An Analysis of the Trouble.



What is the trouble? Is it that the

American f mer has not as much in-

telligence or as high a degree of effi-

ciency as those of other nations? I





’ would resent on behalf of the Ameri-





can farmer such an imputation and

the facts contradict it. It is true he

does not produce as much per acre

as the farmer in a number of civilized

nations, but production per acre is not

our standard. It is production per

person engaged in agriculture and by

this test he is from two to six times

as efficient as most of his'competi-

tors. And I have not the slightest

doubt that the ensuing years will

make it clearer that the American

farmers can hold their own in free

competition with those of the rest of

the world and not only retain in large

measure a monopoly of his own rap-

idly growing home market, but also

supplya considerable part of the food-

stuffs consumed by the world. Rela-

tively speaking, extensive farming is

still economically the sound program

for the American farmer, but it is-be-

coming decreasingly so. The contin-

ued solution of the problem here sug-

gested is one which now seriously en-

gages the attention of the Federal

Government as well as the govern-

ments of the states.



Through every promising approach

the government is studying and at-

tacking the problem of increasing

production. Through cultural metho

ods and the control of plant diseases

and plant insects the experts in plant

industry are lending their assistance.

They are suggesting improved varie-

ties of staple crops, introducing new

ones, encouraging standardization and

pointing out methods of protection

from plant diseases and plant insects;

and the requisite quarantine measures

are being enforced. * * *



Seeking the Reason.



Just what factors have brought

about the serious situation confront-

ing the nation in its meat supply no

one can with certainty define; and so

to ascertain them lhave appointed a.

commission consisting of the best au-

thorities I could discover. It will

make a survey of the whole field and

report at the earliest possible mo-

ment This study will embrace an in-

vestigation a! production and con-





sumption, of the methods of produc-

ing, finishing, and marketing and

when a conclusion is reached such

measures as may be helpful will be

adopted and any ' further requisite





measures for increasing production





and bettering distribution will unques-

tionably be supported by the author‘

ities.



Certain things, however, are now

clear and definite measures for in~

creasing the meat supply are being

taken and can be taken with certain—

ty. It is clear that we have been con.

sidering the meat supply of the na-

tion too exclusively in terms of the

big ranch and of the large animals.

Obviously it is important that we

should continue to help the cattlemen

and to develop the ranch. and no

pains will be spared to do this. * *



More Live Stock on the General



Farms.



But unquestionably the largest hope

for a considerable increase in our

meat supplyiies in three other direc-

tions:



First, in the systematic attention to

the production of larger animals in

the settled farming areas of the coun-

try, especially in the south. Second,

in increasing attention to the smaller

animals, such as swine and poultry,

and third, in the control and eradica-

tion of cattle ticks and hog cholera.



Thereis no question that the aver-

age farmer in the settled areas of the

nation generally can produce a great-

er number of_the larger animals prin-

cipally as by— products, to the better-

ment of his farm economy and with-

out great increase in expenses, and

that the farmer in the south in this

respect enjoys unusual opportunities.

And it is further apparent that the

farmer everywhere in the existing

state of knowledge can largely in.

crease the supply of swine and poul-

try products which constitute a large

and increasing part of the consump-

tion of the average family, the annual

value of the‘latter alone aggregating

half a billion dollars. or 50 per cent of

the aggregate value of the cotton pro-

duced in the nation. The last census

shows a lamentable neglect of live

stock in the south. * * *

Eradication of Disease will Increase



Meat Supply.



An easier and more definite pro-

gram for a large increased meat sup-

ply involves the eradication of‘ the

cattle tick of tuberculosis and of hog

gcholeras ‘The Federal Department of-

Agriculture inspects meats passing in-

to interstate commerce. In one year

it condemned three hundred thousand

entire carcasses of animals and five

hundred and sixty thOusand parts cf

carcasses. Of fifty- seven milion ani-

mals inspected in 1914, five hundred

and thirty-three thousand were found

to beiinfected with tuberculosis. This

disease is increasing. It is estimated

that hog cholera caused a loss in 1913

of over six million hogs valued at

more than sixty millions of dollars,

and that the cattle tick causes an an—

nual loss of from forty to one hundred

or more millions of dollars, and pre.

vents the proper development of the

live stock industry in the infected

area.



The government is vitally interest-

ed in the control and eradication of

these diseases. and for the current

year appropriated more than a million

and a half dollars for this service and

for the development of the dairy in‘

dustry and animal feeding and breed-

ing, to say nothing of the large item

for meat inspection. The most sig-

nificant new piece of legislation was

the appropriation of a half million

dollars for hog cholera which is be-

ing used for experimental and other

demonstrations in the control of this

disease, and for the inspection of ser-

um‘ and the protection of the farmed

against impotent products. * * *





Every efi‘ective thing that may be





done to stimulate the live stock inter-'





ests in general, will of necessity react

favorably upon that great industry,

the dairy industry in-which you are

immediately and specially concerned.





The importance of this great interest

the government fully appreciates, in»





volving as it does the handling of

twenty-one millions of cows, an annu-

al product of approximately six hun-

dred millions of dollars in value, more

than half a billion pounds of butter,

half a billion pounds of condensed

milk, and a third of a billion pounds

of cheese. It is needless for me to

tell you that dairying has made mark-

ed advance in recent years, but there

is much to be done and the govern-

ment is making every effort to assist.

It is studying how to reduce to cost

and to eliminate waste, to develop in

those concerned careful business hab~

its,.the keeping of exact records, and

the definite knowledge each day of

how their business stands. It is urg-

ing the grading of all dairy products,

the elimination of waste in milk de-

livery. the organization of the milk

supply, the extension of co-operation

in buying and selling and the exter~

mination of disease in cows. especial-

ly of tuberculosis. Along these lines

lies the hope of development and

profit both to the producer and con-

sumer.

Agricultural Extension Work.



Within the year Congress has enact-

ed a measure of even vaster signifi-

cance and greater consequence. I

refer to the Smith-Lever extension

bill, which, in my judgment. is one of

the most significant educational meas-

ures ever adopted by any government.‘

It recognizes a new class of pupils——

a class composed of men and women

working at their daily tasks on the

farm. The government takes the adult

farmer and farm woman, as well as

the farm boy and girl, as its pupils.

It provides for an expenditure of over

eight millions of dollars, partly by the

nation and partly by the states. It

incorporates the most eflicient method

of conveying information to the farm-

er, and through the healthful process

of co-operation between the state and

the nation, places the brains of these

two great agencies at his disposal,

insures efficiency, and eliminates

waste and friction. Iyield to no man in

my appreciation of the value of scieno

tific investigation and research, but I.





am convinced that the greatitask’conc"





fronting us now for the betterment of

agriculture is to bring to the average

farmer what the experts and the best

farmers know and induce them to ap«)

ply it. If we could secure this we

would revolutionize agriculture; and

this is the object of the Smith-Lever

bill. It aims to reach the farmer by

personal contact, and above all, to

bring assistance to the farm woman

who has been too long neglected as a

factor in the agricultural life of the

nation.

The Problem of Distribution.



But vital as are these problems, it

has become clear to students of agri~

culture that further production in

many directions waits on better dis—

tribution, and that in this field funda-

mental problems of justice and injus-

tice are involved which demand solu-

tion. The time has come to conceive

agriculture in all its relations, to com

ceive it as a unit and not to attend

to merely one or a few of its phases.

The government has been quick to see

these things. Urgent problems have

been pressing upon it for solution,

problems of marketing, of distribw

tion, of good roads, 'of' rural finance

and of rural sanitation and health,

and the Department of- Agriculture

has rapidly tended to become as it-

should a great department of nual





economics and Of'rural life. ' The Con-

' gross now sitting has appropriated





 





 





.. ”‘0-< .11
, m...» mwmm.





 





NOV. 7. 1914. , - ,,





two hundred thousand dollars for the

study of marketing, passed the cotton





futures act, made increased provision,

'some form of concerted action or of





for the investigation and promotion of

good roads, and has pushed nearly to

the point of completion measures for

the standardization of grain and for

the supervision of its sale in inter-

state commerce, for the standardiza-

tion of cotton and for a permissive

warehouse system for the leading sta-

ple crops. The Office of Markets, al-

though only recently created and neo-

essarily requiring time for the consid-

eration of its projects and especially

for the securing of an efficient staff of

experts, has conducted investigations

in a great variety of directions and

furnished much information to those

seeking it; and it will at no distant

day extend aid through bulletins and

as rapidly as possible through demon-

stration. It is investigating the prop-

er methods of grading and standardi-

zation, packing and shipping, the mar-

keting of special products, transport-

ation and storage problems, city mar-

keting and distribution, including

farmers’ municipal wholesale and re-

tail market houses, thc direct deal-

ings between producers and consum-

ers, and co-operative production and

handling of products. It is giving

special attention to such details as

dockage in the sale of grains, and to

the methods and practices of large

terminal markets in the practice of

mixing. ’l‘ * *

Good Roads.



Intimately involved in both the pro-

duction and distribution of products

is the matter of good roads. Good

roads are prerequisite, not only to

economical production and distribu-

tion, but also to the furtherance of the

educational, social and sanitary life

of the farming districts. [he great

need is for roads which shall get pro-

ducts from the farm to the nearest

railway station and enable the farmer

to haul when he cannot be busy about

his sowing and reaping, and to haul

at a lower rate. The railway will

continue for an indefinite time to be

the nation’s highway. The emphasis

is needed on the commodity road. It

is estimated that it costs twenty-three

cents per ton mile to haul loads un-

der existing conditions on the country





road, and that this could be reduced '





by half if the roads were improved.

The question is one, partly, of

course, of means or of funds, but even

more largely of methods, of instru-

mentalities and of administration. The

nation today is spending annually the

equivalent of more than two hundred

millions of dollars for roads, an enor-

mous increase in the last decade.

Much of this is directed by local su-

pervisors and it is estimated by ex-

perts that of the amount so directed

anywhere from thirty to forty per

cent is, relatively speaking, wasted or

misdirected. The first requisite, there-

fore, is for efficient expenditure and

administration, and so far as the Fed-

eral Government is concerned, to- pro-

ject it in the situation so as to safe-

guard the expenditure and to perfect

the administration. The office of

Public Roads is at present doing ev-

erything in its power to promote the





economical building of good roads, and





especially to assist in the develop-

ment of proper administration. The

difficulties are presented mainly in the

sphere of state and local administra-

tion. Less than half the states at





present have an expert highway com--





mission, and none have expert county

commissioners. If direct Federal aid

is to be expected, it is‘ to be done on-

ly under such conditions as will guar-

antee a dollar’s result for every dol-

lar of expenditure. * * *



Rural Organiation.



The Government recognizes as well

the broader aspects of rural life. It

knows that the genius for organiza-

tion which has done so much for in-

dustry in the nation can be brought

to prevail in the sphere of rural life

and of agriculture. Extreme individ-

ualism in agriculture has had its day.





D





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





There can be no question that the key

to the solution of many of the prob-

lems of rural life will be found in





co-operation. Some form of organiza-

tion is as inevitable as it is desirable.

Without it the farmer cannot have

adequate schools or social life; with-

out it he cannot secure good roads,

standardize his products or econom-

ically market them; without it he

cannot have the proper health facili-

ties or lay the credit foundations

which will enable him to secure capi-

tal at more reasonable rates. The

congress has recently given concerted

expression of its appreciation of these

phases of rural life by placing at the

disposal of the Department of Agricul-

ture the fund for the study of co-oper—

ation not only as it affects marketing,

but also as it affects other phases of

rural activities and especially as it

affects rural credits. In addition to

recognizing, as the President express-

es it, that the farmer “is the servant

of the seasons,” and that, therefore,

not as a matter of discrimination but

as a matter of equal justice, peculiar

consideration should be had of his cir-

cumstances and of his credit needs by

providing in the Federal Reserve act

for a longer period of maturity for





duction of material things, we must

minister to the minds and spirits of

the rural‘ pepulationu In short, we

must see to it that the finer results

and the higher things of civilization

are not the peculiar possession of ur-





ban peoples, that they do not pass by .





or over our struggling rural masses.



We must see to it that there is

within reach of every country boy and

girl an opportunity for a sound ele-

mentary and secondary school train-

ing; that the rural family be protect-

ed in its health against the ravages of

insects and of disease; that the load

be lifted in some measure from the

struggling women of the farm and

that the wholesome social attractions

of life be made more freely to abound.

Any expenditure of effort or money

in this direction will not be a burden

but an investment, and with such pro-

tection the farmers of this nation

need not fear the competition of the

world and the nation need not fear for

its permanency.





HISTORY OF THE SILO.





Silage is one of the principal win-

ter roughage feeds on many Michigan

farms and while the history of the

use of silage can have no actual bear—





 





 





farmers’ loans and for loans on farm

mortgages by national banks within

certain limits, Congress has spent

many Weeks maturing a measure for

the creation of land mortgage banks,

and the Department of Agriculture

has made a special.study of co-opera-

tive credit associations for the small

farmer. There is every reason to

hope that in the near future valuable

and helpful action will be taken in

these two directions. * * *



We cannot neglect the higher things

to which the material minister and

which if secured would render much

of our other effort unnecessary. The

greatest undeveloped resource of any

community is its people, and if we

devoted more attention to the con-

servation and development of the peo-

ple, we should be relieved of much of

our concern for the conservation and

development of our natural resources.



An awakening of the mental and

spiritual faculties is prerequisite to

the success of any educational enter-

prise, and therefore along with our

attempts directly to increase the pro-





ing in dollars and cents, it is interest-

ing because of the fact that so many

people think that the idea of using

fermented -p1ants as a winter feed is

a very recent one. While it is true

that above ground silos are a crea-

tion of comparatively recent times,

yet the idea has been known and util-

ized for many centuries.

Underground pits with cemented

brick or stone walls constituted the

first silos used. Green forage was

carefully packed in these pits and

then pressed down to exclude the air,

by means of heavy stones and

weights. We have records of these

pits in the Persian and Roman writ-

ings of many centuries ago and so it

would seem that they appreciated the

value of silage as a roughage feed.

These pits were commonly used in

Europe previous to the time of the

erection of the first above-ground sil-

os. In 1876 the construction of silos

abOVe ground was commenced and M.

Gaffart, of, France, owned the first

one that was used extensively.

Ingham Co. I. J. MATTHEWS.





”THISGH.P.

3 ENGINE IS





 





 





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PERRY COW STALLS.





 





 





 





 





 





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When writing to advertisers please

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I.‘ usmoa, /





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. COLON C. LILLIE President.

H. ‘JCWELLS, -:- Secretary-Truman





DEHDRNING STOPS LOSS





Cattle with horns are danger-

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persons and to other cattle. De—

horn quickly and easily with a

KEYSTONE DEHORNER

All over In 2mlnntes. WNotnhareh method. A





cleans ,hlesncut. tterbeenf. Cowssvfzforemrfil hires.

. Ph'





 





 





 





 





 

   

   

   





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





HE Ninth Annual Dairy Show

held at the International Amphi-

theatre, in Chicago, October 22

to.31 inclusive, was voted by all who





“ attended it as the best show in the





history of this association. The en—

tries were not only numerous but the

quality of the animals shown was

more than ordinarily good. In many

of the classes where twenty-five to

thirty animals of superb quality com-

peted in the ring, the task of placing

the ribbons was not an easy one.



As has been the case in nearly ev-

ery former show held by the associa-

tion. the GuernSeys were in predomi-

nance so far as numbers were con-

cerned. there being 234 entries of this

breed. The quality was also high, but

this being true of all the breeds

shown the Guernseys cannot be sing-

led out as an exception in this regard.

The Jerseys were next to the Guern-

seys in point of number, there being

180 entries of this pepular Channel

Island breed. ‘Hol‘Steins were next in

order with 162 entries of high quality,

while there 'was good competition in

the Ayrshire classes and a very good

representation of Brown Swiss. The

judging of the cattle was the ring fea-

ture of every day during the second

week of the show, and the crowd of

enthusiasts who stuck at the ringside

during the many hours required to

place the awards was an indication of

the fact that many breeders of special

purpose dairy cattle were making a

close study of breed type and quality

as demonstrated in this ring.



As usual at the National Dairy

Show, the exhibits of dairy appliances

farm equipment, etc., was large and

attractively placed. This feature of

the show held much of educational

value to all classes of. patrons wheth-

er breeders, dairy farmers, creamery

or cheese factory men, or consumers

of dairy products. So extensive and

varied was this feature of the Show

that it is impossible in the limited

space available to present any com-

prehensive review of its features. Suf-

fice to say that both large wings of

the amphitheatre were fully occupied

by this class of exhibits.



Noteworthy among the educational

features of the show were the exhibits

of the Dairy Division of the U. S. De-

partment of Agriculture and several

state agricultural colleges. The edu-

cational value of the dairy division

exhibit was exceptionally high, in-

cluding as it did a demonstration herd,

various charts giving statistical infor-

mation of value to any dairy farmer,

etc. In addition to these physical ex-

hibits, an educational program. was

carried out each day in which short

talks were given by dairy farmers,

college professors and others upon

many practical dairy topics. So im~

portant was this phase of the show to

the dairy farmers attending, who

sought practical information upon

general dairy matters rather than to

study the fine points of dairy type in

the' various special purpose dairy

breeds of cattle exhibited at this show

that We Ashall in a future issue de-

scribe more fully some of its leading

features. The college exhibits con-

sisted mostly of charts presenting

information of practical value on var-

ious phases of the dairy industry. The

students’ judging contest was a fea-

ture of considerable interest and great

educational value to the considerable

number of students participating. The

premier honors were won by the Ohio

student team.



Entertainment features of the show

included an evening program which

was liberally patronized throughout

the week. Among the notable educa~

tional exhibits was a working model

creamery, cooking school demonstra-

tions relating particularly to the food





. ' value of dairy products, milking ma-

. chine demonstrations showing several





 





 





5.}





Natlonal Dalry Show.





 





different types of machines in actual

operation, etc. In fact, there were

something like 100 exhibits of ma-

chinery and equipment shown under

actual service conditions.





The attendance was fully 20 per

cent 'above that of last year, a fact

werthy of special mention in view of

the general falling off in attendance

of big agricultural fairs throughout

the country, which was almost univer-

sal this year. Meetings of various

breed associations and other organi-

zations affiliated with the dairy indus-

try were held during the show and

there was a general inclination on the

part of patrons, in whatever branch





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllll|lIlllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIl|llllllllllllllllllllllIllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllf





NOV. 7. 1914.





I. Fl

cf the dairy industry they might;





interested, to boost for a larger in.





tendsnce, particularly of general daily

farmers in future years, which not

only insures the permanence of this





show as an annual event but prom-_





ises much in the Way of increasing its

sphere of usefulness in bringing about‘





a general betterment of the dairy in-‘





dustry throughout the country.



A prominent feature of the? show

was the presence of the Secretary of

Agriculture who addressed the " pa~

trons present on Monday. October 26.

The major portion of his address will

be found on another page of this

issue.



The placing of awards had not been

completed at this writing, some im-





portant classes remaining to be judg—'





ed, including the class from which the

best cow in the show will be selected.





Making up Efficient Rations.





HE cost, composition, .variety



and palatability of feeds are



some of the important, features

to consider in feeding dairy cattle.

Dairy cows' rations should consist of

such foods as will supply sufficient

nutriments so proportioned as to sus-

tain the body and produce a heavy

flow of milk. Variety increases the

amount of'food consumed and this in-

creases the flow of milk. Variety is a

cardinal factor in making foods pala-

table and unless the food is suitedrto

the cow’s appetite she will not con-

sume enough to maintain a profitable

milk yield. Palatability induces an

increased flow of the digestive juices

and this aids digestion. Individual

differences in appetite should be stud-

ied and the cow's rations mixed ac-

cordingly.



The profit from the dairy is found

between the sales of dairy products.

and the cost to produce them, hence,

the cost of production is of first im-

portance and must be regulated to a.

great extent by increasing the efli-

ciency of the ration. Quality of dairy

products should never be sacrificed in

lowering the cost of production.



To determine the best ration for

economy in feeding both the compo-

sition and cost of foods must be con-

sidered. A straight ration of corn

will not produce enough milk to show

a profit, or even properly nourish the

cow’s body. With the addition of cot-

tonseed meal or bran the cost of feed-

ing is increased but the extra flow of

milk is more than enough to pay the

extra cost of feed. Hence we find

that the economy of the ration de-

pends upon the cost of feed per day.

As an illustration, we will suppose

that one dalryman has a. large crop of

corn. and timothy hay. Other feeds

are scarce and high and he thinks it

will be cheaper to feed what he has

than to buy supplemental feeds to in-

crease the efliciency of his rations. He

thinks that eight pounds of corn meal,

15 pounds of timothy hay and 10

pounds of corn stover is about right.

What do the results show?



Such a ration contains carbohy-

drates enough to produce 30 to 40

pounds of milk, but only enough pro-

tein for about five pounds of milk,

consequently the cows receiving this

ration cannot be expected to give

more than five pounds of milk per

day. The cost of such a daily ration

is 12 cents, which makes the cost of

milk 17 cents per gallon. By replac-

ing the corn meal with the same num-

ber of pounds of wheat bran and feed-

ing the same amounts of roughage as

before, we have a. ration that will sup-

ply protein enough for, about 12

pounds of milk. This lowers the cost

of production to about 11 cents per

gallon, and only increases the cost of

the ration to about”. cents per day.

We next substitute an equal weight of

clover for timothy hay and thereby

have a ration that will produce 18 to

20 pounds of milk per day and the cost

of feed is not increased, but the cost

of. production is only about six cents.





per gallon. These illustrations show

the economy of selling corn meal and





timOthy. hay and buying wheat bran.

This means that a cow





and clover.

yielding 20 to 25 pounds of milk per

day should receive enough protein to

properly balance the fat and carbo-

hydrates in the home-grown foods.



Many dairymen make the mistake

of feeding all their cows the same

amount of grain without regard to the

amount of milk they are producing.

Every dairyman should feed in propor-

tion to the amount of milk each cow

is giving to realize a fair profit. A

cow requires a certain amount of

food to sustain her and should receive

a. surplus above that amount to main-

tain a flow of milk. If not she will

make all her surplus flesh into milk

and as soon as she falls away in flesh

condition her milk flow shrinks until

her yield is in exact proportion to the

amount of food consumed. On the

other hand, in case of excessive feed-

ing her surplus not required to main-

tain body and milk yields, is convert.

ed into fat or passes through the cow

without being digested and finds it

way to the manure heap. As a gen-

eral proposition dairy farmers will find

greater profits if they raise nearly all

of their feed on their own farms. The

best crops are those that increase the

fertility of the soil and furnish a near-

ly correct ration for milk production.

Fortunately for daiymen. the soil

building crops and the best feeding

crops are the same.



Dairy feeds and soil fertility are

closely related. In planning a system

of growing crops to feed dairy cattle,

clover and alfalfa should be the main

reliance for hay crops, with corn the

main grain and silage crop. Other

small grains must be grown asacom~

plement to crop rotation and to serve

as nurse crop to seed the clover and

grass crops with. Catch crops may





be employed for soiling uses but with





plenty of clover, alfalfa and corn

with small grains that are grown in

the regular rotation it is seldom ad-

visable to depend upon catch crops.

The best feeding crops and the. best

soiling crops are the same and We are

on safer ground when we confine our

efforts to a few standard crops for

our cow foods.



The succulent quality of pasture

grasses causes the increased flow of

milk during spring and early summer.

Succulence in feed causes a better

condition of the digestive organs and

general health of the animals. This

gives it a feed value in excess of the

actual nutritive value that it possess-

es. For this reason corn ensilage pro-

motes better health and higher milk

production in winter than dry feeds.

Ensilage saves other foods and is the

most economical method of conserv-

ing the whole corn crop in a palatable

and nutritious form for winter feed-

ing.





the cost of production is lower than is

the case with any other food or equal

feeding value. W. (Mm mm.





'l’l.





There is practically no. waste in‘

feeding well preserved ensilage and.
,. ”9,





 





THE COST OF‘RAISING A DAIRY

COW.





 





According to. investigators in the

Department of Agriculture, the aver-

age net cost of raising a dairy heifer

one year old on a Wisconsin farm is

$39.52, and of a two-year heifer $61.41.

These figures are applicable to other

dairy districts in the north and east,

where land and feed values are sim-





' ilar to‘those in Wisconsin. They are





based on data obtained from raising

117 calves from birth to the time they

enter the dairy herd.



There are in the United States over

21,000,000 dairy cows. These figures

give some idea of the importance of

this economic problem to the country

as a whole, for these cows must be

replaced every few years. The cost of

the production of these heifers is a

large item in keeping down the profits

of the dairymen.



The most important item was the

cost of'the food, which was estimated

at market value and amounted to

nearly two-thirds of the total net cost-

of the heifer, while labor formed 12%

per cent of the cost.



Figures for the average net cost of

the one-year-old heifer are as follows:





Feed .......................... $24.67

Labor ......................... 4.45

Other costs ................... 6.36





Total ....................... $35.48



To this should be added the initial

value of the calf, which was estimated

to be $7.04, making a total cost at the

end of one year, of $42.52. This charge

is justified in view of the fact that

dairy cows are credited with this item

in determining the cost of milk pro-

duction. By allowing $3 credit for

manure, it leaves a net cost of $39.52

at the end of the first year.



Figures for the average net cost of

the two-year-old heifer are as follows:





 





 





Initial value ................... $ 7.04

Feed ...................... 40.83

Labor ......................... 7.81

Other costs ................... 13.73

Total ....................... $69.41

Credit for manure ............ 8.00





 





Total ....................... $61.41



One-half of the feed cost the first

year and one-third for the full two

years, is for whole and skim-milk.



By far the most expensive period in

the life of the calf is the first four

weeks, the cost being nearly double

that for any other four-week period.

This high cost is occasioned by its

being dependent almost entirely upon

whole milk.



The man labOr required in raising

a heifer is about 40 hours during the

first year and 23 hours the second

year. The total cost of man and horse

labor for the two years is close to $8.

The manure produced during the two

years has been valued at $8; conse-

quently, the cost of labor is practical-

ly offset by the value of the manure.





The item, “Other Costs,” consists of

expenses usually overlooked in esti-

mating costs. These are interest,

charge for the use of buildings and

equipment, expense for bedding, mis-

cellaneous expenses, a share of the

general expenses for the entire farm

business, and a charge to cover losses

by death and discarding. The total

for these forms nearly one-fifth of the

total cost of the two-year-old heifer.



The foregOing figures show that it

costs more to raise calves to maturity

than is commonly supposed, and they

support the advice which the Depart-

ment is continually trying to impress

upon dairy farmers, that it does not

pay to raise any but the best heifers.

Raising scrub heifers and selling them

at $25 to $40 apiece, as many do, is

unprofitable, except on cheap land or

under other very favorable conditions.

But it does pay to raise the best heif-

ers, for in good dairy sections well-

bred heifers are worth considerably

more than $60 when two years of age.

Furthermore, dairy farmers as a rule,_

are obliged to raise their own stock,

as it is difficult to buy productive

cows at a reasonable price. In some





T H E M I‘C H I G A-N1“‘Ij‘»A‘R-_M"E‘R





,4 section of "the ,West where alfalfa ”is





worth only $4 or $5 a ton, or in the -





southwest where pastures furnish feed

the greater part of the year, this cost

may be greatly reduced. Even where it

costs $60 to raise a heifer, two-thirds

of this amount is Charged for feeds at

market, prices, a large part of which

can be grown on the farm at a profit.

Thus by raising the heifers the dairy

farmer finds a home market for feeds

grown on the farm at remunerative

prices, and at the same time aids in

maintaining the fertility. of the farm.





A MODEL DAIRY BARN.





 





H. B. Porter, of Lenawee county, is

putting the finishing touches upon a

dairy barn that he considers a model

structure for a medium sized dairy.



It is located on one of his farms

east of town and is the beginning of a

dairy establishment which he calls

“The Meadow View Dairy.” The build-

ing is 32x80 with 16-foot posts which

is set upon a cement wall two feet

above the floor, and it is covered with

a gambrel roof.



The lower floor is of cement

throughout and is divided into cow

stable, milk and feed rooms, and a

covered barnyard. The stable is pro—

vided with revolving stanchions for

18 cows, nine on a side and facing

each other across a wide feed alley.

This alley extends to the end of the

barn and the milk and feed rooms are

located upon each side of it.



Covered Barnyard.



The covered barnyard takes up

rather more than half the length of

the barn as it is planned to feed all

of the roughage here and to clean the

stables directly into this room from

whence it will go to the fields. It is

not intended that any manure or oth-

er refuse shall collect around the out-

side of the barn. Mangers are placed

on three sides of this barnyard and on

the fourth side there is a 20-barre]

cement watering tank and two big

doors for the ingress and egress of a

team and manure spreader.



In planning this structure Mr. Port-

er had in mind the legal requirements

placed upon dairy barns and their

management with regard to light,

pure air and cleanliness, and there

are 31 four—light windows opening in-

to the lower floor, and four larger

ones in the gables. Nineteen of these

windows open directly into the stable

and covered barnyard from the south

side and west end, thus insuring a

flood of sunlight where most needed.





The Ventilation System.



Four large air flues run from the

lower floor to ventilators on the roof

of the barn, two from the stable and

two from the barnyard. These venti-

lators, four in number, make a pleas-

ing break in the ridge line of more

than 80 feet. Ample provision is made

for carrying off all waste water, in-

cluding that from the roof. '





To one unacquainted with the in-

side of a modern gambrel roofed barn

the hayloft-second floor—in this barn

is a marvel in .point of room found

there. It is not quite as big as the

dancing floor in the Saltair Pavillion

built by the Mormon church at Salt

Lake, but it is absolutely bewildering

to the novice. The straw loft alone,

the space over the covered barnyard,

is estimated to hold 30 acres of heavy

oat straw. It will be seen that there

is no driving floor in this barn, the

loft being filled from the end of the

barn.





The structure is enclosed with yel-

lOW pine and painted in a pleasing

shade of slate color and all windows,

'window casings, doors and cornice is

painted white. This gives the build-

ing a very attractive apearance. The

total cost of the building and equip-

ment is about $1,700. One silo will be

erected before another corn harvest,

and probably two of them. His dairy

herd is about equally divided between

thoroughbred and high-grade Holstein

stock. \ ~ E.'A.' FULLER.





Ila—399





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





ll... .

a .’ ':.l‘\‘





STEVENS ‘ M ~

I \,\\—/ ‘ ‘

SHOTGUNS lg)



. / I _

are all branded “ J. Stevens : _,/ ),

Arms & Tool Company, Chicopee Falls,

Mass., U. S. A." Wherever you buy one

you know that Our guarantee is behind it.

If you ever want a repair you know where to get

» it. Our. name on the gun is your protection.



No. '105 Single Barrel Shotgun. Plain Ex-

tractor. List Price $5.50.



No. 107 Single Barrel Shotgun. Automatic

EjectOr. List Price $6.00. ..

Sold by retail dealers, except west of Mississippi River and in

Canada, at $4.75 for No. 105 and $5.00 for No. 107. Barrels

and lugs forged in one piece from a solid bar of steel. Choke .

bored for either Smokeless or



A Black Powder. Barreland Stock"



I \\\\\\“”. hand fitted. Fore-ends exert

All \\\\\ strong pressure to keep gun

1);-) tight and will not shoot loose.

“ Easily taken

down without





tools. Extra

strong ex-





 

 

 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 





 

 





' \

STEVENS





No. 235 Double Barrel

Hammer Gun.





List Price $15.00. Sold by

retail dealers at $12.50, ex-

cept west of Mississippi

River and in Canada. Has

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which all STEVENS guns are noted. Made for

hard use and heavy loads of any factory ammuni-

tion, Smokeless or Black Powder. Made in both

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barrel modified; left barrel full choked. Every gun

bears our name and is backed by our guarantee. If

your dealer hasn’t these guns in stock he will secure

them for you. Our special shotgun catalog sent FREE

on request. It contains information that will interest any shooter.





J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY





15 Broadway

CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS.





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll “1' 1 lllllllllllflllllllllflllllfllflllllll





Summit

Knit-Nek Vest





You can do your winter’s work

with twice the ease and comfort if

you wear 3 Summit Knit—Nek

Vest.





It is light in weight but will

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The cold and wind cannot et through

the body which is made of corduroy,

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You ‘get absolute protection at the

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Get one and be comfortable.





 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





     





Write today or our interesting istyle book and

give your dealer 5 name.





GUITERMAN BROS., M aker





 





 





   





360 Sibley St., St. Paul, Minn. '1' - .

WillillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMillillllil'lllllllllllllllllllilllll llllllllllllWilli“! llllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllilllllllm





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mua ‘





ROOFING





and Siding Products are hi heat ualityvfu“ weight

6.1m... grams. Emma‘s r1} 5%?“ in“ “mare

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Our interesting "hotter Bull iggsfi bogkiiat 9:18“. :3... argon request-





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Railroad Watch





To “mule our Wheel. mete new friend- end inmduee our analogue

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“Will





 





   

 





 





 

   





 

 

 





 





_—..-.—— —_._‘__ ......





 

 





 

 





 





 





one, mm. Bond to. May. dues

R. E. CllALIIE S d 00.. 538 30. Durban 3L. CHICAW.





   





 





 





.","‘K
The Michigan Farmer





Established m3. Copywright 1914.





The Lawrence Publishing CO.

Editors and Proprietors.

:29 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit

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DETROIT, ”NOV. 7, 1914.





 





 





 





A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF

THE WEEK.





 





Dootoring a Run-down Soil.—An

analysis of the simple essentials

in increasing the fertility of

worn soils ................. ....389

Building a Spetic Tank.-—P1ansand

specifications for installing this

modern sanitary_means of sew-

age disposal ................... 390

Balanced Rations for Plants.-A

discussion of the plant food re-

quirements of plants and means

of supplying them ....... .......391

Valuable Tribes of Cattle.———A re-

view of cattle history, a repeti-

tion of which would be beneficial

to our agriculture .............. 393

What the Government in Doing for

the Farmer.—Addr_ess of Hon.

D. F. Houston, Secretary of Ag-

riculture, at the National Dairy

Show .......................... 396

runehigan’s Happy Babies.——An out-

line of the essentials of infantile

happincss and how one may best

contribute to it ................. 406

The Handling of Market Milk—A

commentary on cause and effect

as reflected in the producers’

markct ............... .........410

After Apple Harvest.——An enumer-

ation of after harvest Jobs which

may be profitably done by the

apple grower ............... ...41

Fattening the Turkeys, Ducks and

Geese—Practical comments on

the methods which may be most

profitably employed. . . . . . . . . . . .416





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





On the first page of



A Seasonable this issue will be

Suggestion. found the first of the



fifty—two special arti-



rics which will be published in our

columns during the ensuing year. A

now one will appear each week, al-

ahough many of the special topics will

be presented in a series of articles

which will run through several issues.

A good many Michigan farmers will

receive this paper who are not now

regular subscribers of the Michigan

Farmer. We would call their atten-

tion to the fact that in planning for

this series of special articles, great

care was taken to make the subjects

chosen of peculiar interest to Michi-

gan farmers no matter what special

line of agriculture they might be in-

terest-ed in, and to procure them from

authors who are peculiarly qualified

to discuss the subjects selected, but

as well to begin publication at the

season of the year when farmers be-

gin to have ‘more time for reading





 

 





T HE, -M§I~"§C H Isomer-A? RTM ER“





and study than they have during the

strenuous summer campaign.



In view of these facts. we would

suggest to those receiving a copy of

this paper who are not regular read-

ers of the Michigan Farmer, in send

in their subscription at this time, no

as to get the benefit of this whole list

of valuable special articles in addition

to the seasonable matter of which ev-

ery issue is always made up. The

late fall and winter season is a period

of [the year which should be made one

of study and thought by every farmer,

and there are a large family of Mich-

igan Farmer readers who believe that

the initial step toward preparation for

such study is insuring the regular re-

ceipt of the farmer’s . trade paper

which is published especially for the

farmers of Michigan. If the readers

to whom this suggestion is addressed

will try it, we believe they will be-

come of like opinion.



In another col-



The National Dairy umn of this issue

Show. will be found a



brief general ro-



mrt of the National Dairy Show re-

cently held at Chicago. In that report





brief mention is made of certain edu- ,





cational features of the Show which

were of interest to all dairy farmers

as well as those dairymen who are

specialists in the breeding of special

purpose dairy animals. To illustrate

this growing feature of the dairy Show

and at the same time to give the

farmers of Michigan some benefit

from this feature Of the chow. we

shall in future issues publish report»:

of some of the educational features.

including the substance of some of

the educational addresses given in

connection therewith. Heretofore we

believe that the dairy farmers of the

country have not had as great interest

in this event as its importance and

their well being has warranted. In

view of this fact, we believe that the

presentation of the features above

mentioned will insure larger artcnd-

ancc of Michigan dairy farmers at this

annual event in future years, and a

consequent benefit to Michigan’s im-

portant and growing dairy industry.

Unfortunately for the

Increasing Soil highest devdopment

Fertility. of permanent agri-

culture, A m c r i c a n

farmers have not until recently been

obliged to carefully study the question

of soil fertility with a View of not only

conserving but increasing that fertil~

ity. This was but the natural result

of the rapid development of a great

agricultural empire, during which it

was much cheaper for the farmers

of one section to take up new and

fertile land in another region than to

conserve and build up the fertility of

their own farms. Another reason was

that this rapid improvement of new

land, together with the unprecedented

development of agricultural machin-

ery. tended to increase production to

a point which made the prices for sta~

ple products so cheap as to almost

compel the farmers in older sections

of the country to become soil robbers

to the extent of further impoverishing

their already well worn soils. Then,

too. the application of science to agri-

culture is a modern development. The

problems of soil fertility, while none

too well known at the present time,

are far less complicated in the mind

of the agricultural student than was

the case but a few short years ago.

Science has now progressed so far in

pointing out the essential or underly-

ing principles in the conservation .and

increasing of soil fertility that it but

remains for the practical farmer to

make a. common sense application of

these principles, or such of them as

may be suited to his location and en-

vironment, on his own farm.



The leading article in this week’s

issue describes the method which one

well-known and successful Indiana,

farmer has used to doctor his run-

down soil and incnoane in; fertility to

a point which makes it profitable pro;





ducing land; and a a minimum :of





cost. The simple expedients outlined

in this article will aid almost any

Michigan farm-er to begin right in the

improvement of the fertility of} his

soil. Having made a beginning in this

direction, the average farmer will-fur-

ther interest himself in the study Of

his own peculiar problems and in the

making of experiments. which will

point out the best and cheapest solw

tion for them. The time has arrived

when the prices of staple products will

not again fall to a point which will

make their production unprofitable

Without soil robbing methods. In fact,

the time has arrived when such meth‘

ods will be less profitable than will

methods which will conserve and in-

crease soil fertility and at the same

time increase per acre production, and

the farmer who does not carefully

study this proposition from every

angle as applied to his own farm op-

erations is not only neglecting an op-

portunity to increase his material

prosperity but as well a duty to his

posterity.

Quite often some enthu-

Feeding the elastic American writer

World. makes the rather ’e'x-

travagant assertion that

American farmers can feed the world.

The great European war will undoubt-

edly shorten production in Europe and

increase the demand for American

staples: this fact has been a great

supporting factor in our wheat mar

hot, and there is every prospect that

it will continue to be a factor in that

and other staple food stuffs markets

for some time to come. ’When it comes

to feeding the world, however. the

contract would be altogether too large

for American farmers. When One ex-

amines statistics closely he finds that

our exports form only a. small percent-

age of our products. Fortunately for

our farmers, and for the world at

large. we can increase that margin of

difference to someextent and will do

so whenever the price of ,such staples

warrants such an increase. There is

every probability that there is no dan-

ger of over-production of staple food

stuffs in our country for some years

to come, although this may not be

true of perishable food stuffs. But in

reality the margin between an excess

of agricultural products and a condi-

tion of actual scarcity is very small

when expressed in figures of percent-

age. The economic law of supply and

demand keeps a pretty accurate bal-

ance in the matter of average produc-

tion. A favorable season over awide

producing area may create a tempor—

ary surplus of some product, especial-

ly if it is a perishable product. but

there is scarcely a possibility, much

less a prospect that there will be any

surplus of staple products in the near

future, hence the wisdom of the Am-

erican farmers doing all in their pow—

or to aid in supplying this unexpected

outside demand.

On another page

Secretary Houston's of this issue we

Address. have reproduced

the major por-

tion of the. address given by Hon. D.

F. Houston, secretary of Agriculture,

at the National Dairy Show held in

Chicago last week. The portions of

the address omitted were mainly par-

agraphs relating to the agriculture of

the south, in which Michigan readers

would not be so greatly interested as

in the more general topics discussed.

These extended extracts from Secre~

tary Houston’s address are reproduc-

ed for the reason that it is practically

his first important addresa to the live

stock interests of the country, and as

well because a reading of this address

will serve to better acquaint the farm-

ers of Michigan with the personality

and the aims and ambitions Of the

man who now holds the important

ofilce of Secretary of Agriculture in

our, Federal Government. uWe be-

speak‘ for. Secretary Houston’s ad-

dress .a «terminating by every new

bér 'ofih’e 'Mlchl'gim‘ ma family:





l





‘,-L¢





ran . _. " ‘\» . ,





nape-amuse, be THE WEEK.





 





Foreign.



The European Win—The most im-

portant news item pertaining to the

great conflict across the water is the

declaration of war between Turkey

and“ the allied horses of England, Run.—

sia, France and Belgium. To date 11

powers are now engaged and three

more are likely to participate. It is

expected that Turkey will attempt a.

conquest of Egyptian territory and

will threaten French possessions in

northern Africa. It is declared by the

Allies that preparations have been

made to oifset these movements. Nav-

al engagements have already occurred

betWeen Russian and Turkish battle~

ships on the Black Sea. Greece, Bul-

garia and Roumania have joined the

Allies and will send forces against

Turkey. In the western theatre of

war and also in Russian Poland very

little has happened during the week

to change the relative positions of the

armies. The most severe fighting has

occurred in. western Belgium and

northern France. 'Minor advantages

595m to havenbeen gained by both

s1 es.

have been reported, although the de4

lay is generally conceded to be an ad





vantage to the Allies. .Winter weath-z





or has overtaken the troops in Rus--

sian Poland .and pr vented any gen





eral campaigning, 3 though skirmish"

on at different points along the line of





battle are Of daily occurrence. The

combined forces of Japan and Eng

land are closing on the fortifications

of Tsing-Tao in eastern China. De-

cisive results may be expected from

the fighting in this quarter soon.



The Mexican situation is still com~

plicated. The Peace Conference has.

thus far failed to effect an agreement

between the contending parties. The

latest report is of the preparation by

Gen. Villa to move troops on to Mex-

ico City to force Gen. Carranza from

executive power in Mexico. Gen. Car~

ranza has 20,000 men at Leon and

8,000 at Tanaulpais, and it is predi‘ceu

ed that any movement of troops will

precipitate another armed conflict.

The conference looks upon Emilio





Madem. brother of former President





Madero‘ as the most likely candidate

for the presidency.



Large supplies of clothing and food

are being sent from the United States





to Belgian refugees .who have been





driven from their,home_s and, are





without the necessities of life by rea.--_





son of the European war. The Rocke-

feller foundation is offering large

amounts of money to aid those unfor

tunate people in every possible ,man-

ner. A steamer has been chartered to

carry with all possible speed 4,060

tons of food stuffs for the starving

women, children and men.





_Prince Louis of Ba’ttenberg has re-

tired as head of the British navy be-

cause of a. campaign by the English

press on the grounds that the high

officfii, being of German blood, should

not occupy so important a position,

Sir John Fisher, veteran of, many

wars, succeeds Prince Louis and is

now in charge of the great British

fleets. Hisuelection seems to have

been received with universal approval.

Prince Louis has "since been chosen

by King George to an important posi-

tion on the naval board.



Germany has notified Great Britain

that unless German civilians in Eng--

land, excepting those against whom

are grounds of suspicion, are not lib-

erated from arrest by November 5, all

British subjedts in Germany will be

similarly arrested.



‘ National.



The situation in the live stock quar-



antine against the foot and mouth din





ease has been made complicated by-





reason of another outbreak in Lena-

wee county and suspicion having been

brought to bear upon the Chicago

stockyards. A complete quarantine





against the shipment of cattle, sheep-





and hogs from these stockya-rds into





Michigan has been approved by Gov,





Ferris and the federal government has





stopped interstate shipments untll'





proper sanitary precautions can be

taken. Just what effect these actions

Will have upon live stock prices re:

mains to be seen. Ho'wever, the fod-

eral government is taking steps to

prevent private parties 3 cap-

Ital of the situation.



Representatives of the English gov-

ernment are in Washington to confer

with the treasury department con-

cerning the establishment of a. credit

system. that will overcome the neces-

sity of the shipment and reshipment

of gold to satisfy international haul.

noes demands, and incidentally to de-

prive speculators of the opportunity

to profit from the needs or the

nations. --



The republican national commit

has announced that the call for the

convention 013-1916 would be on a new

hauls which, reduces the number of

delegates by ‘89: ‘ this loss

falls upon the south. A bitter fight

has been waged over this feature of.

the party’s organization since 1880.





 





   

 





 





NO decisive results. however,





..__ ~... _-. v_
LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘17": FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper every week. Every article is writtten especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere.





 





 





Giving the Lepers of India a Chance.





By PROF. ALFRED VIVIAN.

llllHillI|lIIIIlIIIIllII||Illlll|IlllllflllIl|llIIllllllIllIiIIlIllIllIlIIll|||IIIIlllllllllllllllllllfllllllll"|IIIlllillllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHill|IHIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIHIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllIIHIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIUI





ROBABLY nothing in the Orient



so arouses the sympathy of the



traveler from the west as the

sight of the miserable lepers who are

likely to be encountered wherever he

travels. From time immemorial the

people of the east have done every-

thing possible to make the lot of the

leper a hard one. He is despised and

hated and dreaded by all. Instead of





exciting pity in the hearts of his coun-

trymen, he has been subjected to the





were constantly passing along the road.

It is no wonder that the leper be-

comes the lowest of the low. Despis-

ed of all, treated like a beast, he is

likely to degenerate into a condition

worse than that of the lowest animal.

If he begs and steals who can blame

him? If he lives likeabeast, it is only

what is to be expected from the treat-

ment accorded him by





 





 





Untainted Children of Leper Parents.





most cruel treatment. Even the He-

brew religion contained nothing of

compassion for him for we read in

Leviticus 13:45, 46:



“And the leper in whom the plague

is, his clothing shall be rent, and the

hair of his head shall go loose, and

he shall cry, ‘unclean unclean.’ All

the days wherein the plague is in him

he shall be- unclean, he is unclean;

he shall dwell alone; without the

camp shall his dwelling be.”



Not till the dawn of the Christian

era does sacred writ contain a single

note which indicates that the leper is

worthy of even as good treatment as

is accorded the lowest animal.



India has probably more than 300,-

000 lepers. It is almost impossible to

determine the exact number, for nat-

urally the victim himself hides the

disease as long as possible, and, as a

case of leprosy is a disgrace to the

entire family, it is concealed from the

public sometimes, for long periods,

although law and custom require that

it be immediately reported, andthe

leper banished from the home. .He

can expect no help nor consideration

from others, for according to the

Hindu belief leprosy is a punishment

for some terrible sin committed by

the person afflicted in this or a pre-

vious existence. He has incurred the

anger of the gods and to help him, if

one were so inclined, would be to

bring down the wrath of the gods up-

on the helper’s head. To touch a

leper or to give him food or drink,

would result in loss of caste, and the

dispenser of charity would himself he-

come no better than the leper and an

outcast from the society in which he

moved. A poor, dying leper lay in the

gutter near the railway station at El-

lahabad for three days and nights

crying piteously for water, and though

thousands of people passed him in

that time not one offered him a drink.

Finally semeone a little more humane

than the rest, reported the case to

one of the missionaries at Allahabad

Christian College Who removed the

man to the leper asy‘lum.Hu11‘dreds





of cases are known Where the victims:

Were allowed to die by the roadside,





unable to obtain the least help from





any of the thousands or people Who. ~





.4





his fellow men. A

more hopeless lot

than that of the Hin-

du leper can not be

imagined. There is

no cure for his dis-

ease, and he is doom-

ed to spend the rest

of his life waiting for

death to come, his

hopelessness depicted

on his countenance.

And yet he is not ab-

solutely hopeless, for

“hope springs eternal





and he has heard rumors of remark-

able cures effected at some distant

shrine. So he spends his life wander-

ing from one shrine to another, think-

ing that perhaps the next one may be

more efficacious than. the last.



The lepers are the greatest travel-

ers among the Indians, and, undoubt-

edly, the disease is spread by their

wanderings. The government tries in

vain to prevent their journeyings.

The law prohibits the presence of lep~

ers in the bazaars, upon the station

platforms, and (above all) on the

trains, but in spite of the laws we saw





in the human breast,"





them in all these places. As long as

India has to depend upon Hindu po-

licemen to enforce the laws the leper

will go where he pleases. In the ba-

zaar and in the station platform the

policeman curses the leper and orders

him away, but he only smiles and

says in return, “If you do not want

me here, put me out,” knowing full

well that the police-

man will not touch

him for fear of losing

caste, as well as for

fear of the disease.

The leper selects a

compartment on the

train, opens the door

and steps in, and if

the carriage is al-

ready occupied there

is an immediate exo-

dus through the doors

and windows on the

other side, and he

rides to his destina-

tion undisturbed by

anything but the maledictions of the

guards, to which he shows a calm in-

difference, knowing from long experi-

ence the inefficacy of vituperation.

The government has tried to segre-

gate the lepers in asylums, but the

same cause which makes it impossible

to enforce the laWs regarding their

presence in public places, also renders

ineffective any measure compelling

their isolation. It remained for a. re-

ligidus organization to do' in part

what the government wholly, failed to

accomplish.



The Mission to Lepers, with head-





ll!iHI!Illllllllillllllll|lllillllIlllllllllllllilllIllllIlllllllilllliilllllllHill|I|l|lllilflllIIIIIHIIHIIIIillllllllllllllllillllllllilllllillllllllllilllllllllllllIIIIHIIIHillIllilllllllllHHIIllllIIIIIIHIlllllllllIIIIIIllllllllllllilllllllllilHIIIHII

BOBBY’S HALLOWE’EN DREAM.





 





 





 





quarters in England and America, was

organized by Wellesley C. Bailey to

carry physical and spiritual help to

the lepers of the world. This organi-

zation is non-sectarian. The plan of





work is to establish leper asylums

wherever needed, and to place the

asylum in charge of a missionary who

is already on the field. The Mission

to Lepers pays the expenses of the

asylum, but does not pay anything in

salaries to the superintendent as he





 





o" ' . _ 1 I . '.

A Leper—Fingers of Both Hands Gone.





is employed by some church mission-

ary society and takes the work of sup-

erintending the asylum as an extra

burden. This letter is to be largely

an account of one man’s work in one

of these asylums.



In December, 1903, Mr. Sam Higgin-

bottom,a ayoung teacher recently ar-

rived in India from America, where he

had come to take a position in the

Allahabad Christian College, was in-

formed that part of his work would

be to superintend the Naini Leper

Asylum. This asylum, which had been.

started as a government enterprise,

had been a. failure, and had been a.

short time before turned over to the

Mission'of Lepers, the government

agreeing to‘ give some money to its

support. The houses were built of

mud and thatched with straw, and

Were filthygbeyond all power of de-

scription. The people, like swine, wal-

lowedxin'the; filth, and seemed but lit-

tle like huinan beings. Many of them

had hands and feet almost entirely

wasted aWay‘by disease; Others had

the repulsiVefaces so often produced

by leprosy, and some exhibited the

loathsome‘ sores of the tubercular

type. The 'filthy surroundings in

which they lived only aggravated the

disease. The running ulcers of the

tubercular type actually became fly-

blown at times, and‘it was not unus-

ual for those having the type of lep-

rosy in which all sense of feeling is

destroyed, to find upon awakening in

the morning that part of their hands

0r feet had been eaten away by‘rats

during the night. Is it any wonder

that the young man’s heart grewfaint

at first and that he was tempted to

run away and leaVe the work for

some onevelse to do? But it came to

him that, if Christianity meant what

it' preached, these people were his

neighbors, his brothers and sisters—

miserable specimens though they

were,‘ and. he determined that he

would do all in his power to uplift





them and to alleviate their misery"

and sounder. .





Gradually the old mud huts have

been replaced by buildings of brick





and tile With cemented fleets, not no-





. . 1- . ._~..m..,._,._.. _...,._....v.,_,...4 m N.” “M... w...“ w— mm. 4





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





i





= wmflw ms- 1
l,



51 ,1.

5:1

'1 ,7





n ,1: “flags”.

. s





Ann.-.





402f14 >





THE MICHIGAN FARMER

M;





 





latial to be sure, but much better

than the old ones. In tearing down

the 01d huts, rats innumerable were

dislodged, and in one of the thatched

roots were found three cobras—the

most venomous serpent in India. The

new houses are rows of rooms one

story high, plain in the extreme, and

there is little suggestion of what we

would call comfort, but they are sub.

stantial, clean, and rat and cobra

proof. A decent place in which to live

suggested decency to the occupant

and made it easier to insist upon a

reasonably degree of cleanliness.

When Mr. Higginbottom took charge

cf the asylum them were miserable

accommodations for 50 inmates and

these could not be kept full. Today

the asylum has 100m for 180 and has





actually: 250 inmates, so that the asysi





ium is congested beyond measure. Nu-

merous - applicants have to be abso-

lutely refused admission where a few

years ago they could not be driven in;





One of the greatest problems with

which these institutions have had to

struggle is to keep the lepers in the

asylums after they have entered. They

came only when able to travel no fur-

ther. They would remain until they

had recuperated a little and then, per-

haps, hearing of some new or untried

shrine the wanderlust would come

over them and they would again take

to the road; forgetting for the time

how unsympathetic they had formerly

found the world. Mr. Higginbottom

looked around for something to

counteract this wanderlust and hit

upon this happy expedient. The asy—

7um owned several acres of land and

at part of this be divided into small

garden plots allotting one to each in-

iate. In the climate of India crops

' 1n be grown the year around if wa-



.' is supplied, so hevput in a large

" ~~il and a pump to raise the water.

'.‘i1e gardeners are compelled to carry

11e water to the plots, for one of the

lungs desired was to, keep them occu-

pied. The produce of each plot be-

iongs to the man or woman who takes

are of it. This scheme has had a

~conderful effect in» decreasing the ex‘

(anus from the asylum. for when a

p.311 has taken care of his garden he

wants to harvest the crop, and a little

judicial suggestion as to the rotation

followed in the garden makes it pos-

sible to have something about ready

[3 harvest all the time. Of course the

best feature of this plan is that it

keeps the mind occupied in such a

way that the patient is not always

thinking of his own unhappy condi-

tion. It is wonderful to see what

ahese lepers, many of them possessing





(ii: stumps of hands to work with,.





(in produce on their tiny allotments

of ground.



I do not know of any place where

a small amount of money does so

nuch good as in this leper asylum. As

was said before, the superintendent

‘eceives no extra pay for his work

here. He is allowed only $25 a year





'(formerly only $12) to pay all the ex—





penses of a leper. Out of this he must

pay for all food and clothing, ,and it

may be :imagined that the inmates

do not revel in many luxuries. After

itiany experiments in trying to make

the small amount of money procure

the largest possible quantity of the

1hings1r.desired by the residents, Mr.

Higginbottom finally settled upon this

policy:,. Hhe provides each one with

:11! the rice and flour he needs and

allows him eight cents per week

spending money. He has established

a little store in which is kept a. stock

of dal, grain, spices and the many

things which the Hindu fancies, and

these are sold to the lepers at cost.

These people get more pleasure out

of spending their eight cents a week





than some Americans get from spend-,





ing as many thousand dollars. The

store is the social center of the com-

munity, and many a good visit and

gossip is indulged in during a pur-

chase amounting to a fraction of a

cent. The coin most commonly used





 





at the store is a. ‘sz6“ which amounts

to one-sixth of a cent in value. No

restrictions are placed upon the ex-

penditure of this large weekly allow-

ance and, as the superintendent face-

tiously said, “If the men want to fly

high and spend all the eight cents up‘

on one meal they may do so.” In ad

dition to the flour and rice the men

are allowed four yards of cotton cloth

once a year for clothing, and. as wo-

men always dress more than men, the

leper women are allowed six yards of

the same kind of material.’ “Once in

two years each inmate‘ receives a

blanket which cests 7 5 cents. ‘



It does not seem possible that any

money could be spared out of this

weekly pittance, but at the little

church in the asylum grounds the

weekly collection from this congre-

gation amounts to from 35 to 60 cents,

an amount which, if calculated upon

the basis of the total income of the

church givers. would put any church

in America to shame. A'short time

since these people insisted upon pay-

ing the expenses of their preacher to

attend the annual conference. al-

though the Mission intended to'do so.

It is doubtful if any group of Oriental

people have better grasped the spirit

of Christianity than have these leper

Christians '



Another splendid work being done

by the Mission is the saving of chil-

dren of lepers. A baby is seldom if

ever born with leprosy. If the child

can be separated from its parents as

soon as it is weaned it rarely con-

tracts the disease. Of those children

that have been isolated over 90 per

cent have grown up free from any

taint of the trouble. The asylum has

separate grounds and buildings for no-

married men and women, and no mar—

riages are allowed among them. Many

married couples go there, however,

and often have one or two small chil-

dren which they are persuaded to send

to the “Home for Untainted Children

of Lepers." The asylum described in





£11111”11111111111111111111111.1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111;





Winston of the Prairie





BY HAROLD BIND LOSS.





1.





this letter has such a- home although

its accommodations are altogether in-

adequate fer the number of children

on hand. The fact is that the whole

plant is entirely too small. Many lep-

era are waiting for a vacancy to get

in and if there was room for them at

lea-st 1,000 would take advantage of

the heme provided by this asylum.

Leaving out of account the Christian

side of the work, and the: attempt to

help the leper himself, rit'isa matter

of great. importance to the country of

India and the world at large that

these people be prevented from wan-

dering hither and‘ thither, spreading

their fearful disease. ,. Up to=date the

Christian missionary alone has ’not

been ‘able to accomplish anything in

the way of segregation of the lepers

in India, for reasons mentioned above

It is interesting to note, by the way.

that Mr. Higginbottom' s idea of using

the garden as a means of helding the

leper in the asylum is being adopted

by several other missions: ~ ‘



I cannot close this- lett’er without





in general. It has become the fashion

in some Quarters to scoff at foreign

missions. No one who will take the

trouble to spend only a few weeks

among the village people as I have

just done, if he brings with him an

unbiased mind. can help but realize

that the missionary, and especially

the American missionary, is having a.

decided influence for good among

these people. The work of the mis—

sionary can not be counted in number

of conversions or baptisms, for his in—

fluence is much more widespread than

these would indicate. The real results

of missionary enterprise Will not be

seen by the casual obServer for years

to come. but for all that, certain sub-

tle changes are taking place in the

thoughts of these people which in»

good time will burst forth and, become

apparent to all—~but that is a long

story and must be omittedat this

time for obvious reasons. -





 





 





Copyrighted by Frederick A. Stokes Company.





“l 11111111111111111111111111111.1111..11111111'111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111“1111111111111111111111111I111111111m111111111111111111111111111111"11111111111111“11111111111111111111111111111111111m11111"11111111111111111111





REF;





Synopsis of Previous Chapters.

Farmer Winston, having failed as a homesteader and driven to despera-





tion, accepts a proposal to simulate Lance Courthorne,





an adventurer;





through the consummation of which Courtho1ne and his pals, after astrug-

gle with the police, during which Trooper Shannon is killed by Courthorne,





who leaves evidence pointing to Winston as the murderer,

smuggle thiough some illegal distillery products.





are able to

The scene shifts to Sil-





verdale, a settlement founded by Colonel Barrington, to which Maud Bar-

rington, his niece and ward, has just returned after a visit to Montreal.

Her questions elicit the information that the Colonel is worried over a

fall in wheat prices, especially in the face of his advice to her to hold her

shaie of that commodity; and also over the coming advent of Lance Court-

horne. Miss Barrington’s cousin. to Silverdale to claim his share of his





father’s estate

past. Winston





Maud Barrington learns more of her cousins unsavory

in the meantime, pushes on to Montana, is held for Court-





horne by an officer of the government patrol, who discloses to him the .

belief on the part of the police that Winston is the murderer of Shannon.





Mail for Courthorne is opened by Winston.





Complying with instructions in





the letter he meets and confers with a lawyer respecting Courthorne' s in-

herited acres at Silveidale visits the colony and is received as graciously





as could be expected.

leputation.





He wins the good will of Dane, the Colonel’s adviser.





Some of his actions fail to tally with Courthorne’ s





The real





Courthorne, who was supposed to have been drowned during the smug-





gling, now reappears in Montana.





CHAPTER IX.

Courthorne Disappears. .

UPPER was cooking when Lance

Courthorne sat beside the glow-

ing stove in the comfortless gen-

eral room of a little wooden hotel in

a desolate settlement of Montana. He

had a good many acquaintances in the

straggling town, where he now and

then ran a faro game, though it was

some months since he had last been

there, and he had ridden a long way

to reach it that day. He was feeling

comfortably tired after the exposure

to the bitter frost, and blinked drows-

ily at the young rancher who sat op-

posite him across the stove. The lat-

ter. who had come out some years

earlier from the old country, was

reading a. somewhat ancient English

newspaper. '

“What has been going on- here

lately?” asked Courthorne

The other man mighed. “Does any-





thing ever happen in this place? One





' would be almost thankful if a cyclone





or waterspout came along, if it were

only to give the boys something to

talk about. Still, one of the girls here

is going to get married. I‘m not sure

old man Clouston finds it helps his

trade quite as much as he fancied it

would when he fired his Chinamen

and brought good-looking waitresses

in. This is the third of them who has

m'arried one of the boys and left

him."



‘ “What could he expect!" and Court

borne yawned. “Who's the man, and

have I seen the girl?”



“I don't think you have. So far as

I remember, she came since you were

here last, and that must be quite a

while ago. Nobody seems to know

where Clouston got her man, and

she's by no means communicative

about her atonedents; but she’s prot-

ty enough for any man, and Potter is





 





. 110v. 1.1914.



gmotly'stuck puller. ‘He sold :‘out‘a

wacky: two Wt quite a. pile not

the ranch, and I understand he’s go-

ing back to the old country. Any way, ,





. l1

w.\_r





the girl has a catch. Potter’s a.

straight man, and most of us like

him.”



He turned over his paper with a lit-



tle laugh. “It doesn’t interest you?

Well, if you had lived. out at Willow

six years as I have you’d be glad of

anything to talk about, if it was only

the affairs of one of Clouston's walt-

resses. ”

_ Courthorne , yawned again openly

and~ took from his pocket a letter he

had received the day before at anoth-

er little town to which, in accord-

ance With, directions given, it ‘had

been forwarded him. It was from one

of his whisky- -running comrades and

had somewhat puzzled him.



“There s about one hundred dollars

dueyou, and we’ re willing to pay up”

it ran “Still, now we hear yod’re





" going back eat to the SiIVerdale set-





. _ _ . ,tlement it’s quite likely you won’t

a word of apprec1ation 'for misswns-





Want them as much as the rest of us

do. It’s supposed to be quite a big

farm you have come into.”

Courthorne was a little troubled, as

well as perplexed. He had certainly

not‘gone to Silverdale and had no.no«

tion of doing so, though he had dis«

taut relatives there, while, so far as

he knew, nobody-had left him a farm

of any kind. He had promised the

whisky runners a guide on the night

of Trooper Shannon’s death, and as

it was dark when, muffled in Win--

ston's furs, he met the men—who

were, as it happened, for the most

part new adherents, it seemed prob-

able that they had not recognized him

or had notf'had any reason to believe

itwas not Winston himself who was

responsible for the trooper’s death. It

was not a very unusual thing for one

of the smaller farmers to take a part

111 a smuggling venture now and then.





. Still, the letter left him with an un-

; pleasant uncertainty. -





By and by his companion looked up





_ from his paper again.





“You came from my part of the old

country. I think?” he. said. “I see a

man of your name has died there late-

ly, and he seems to have left a good

deal of property. Here’s a list of the

bequests.” '



He stopped a moment, and with an~

other glance at it handed Courthorne

the paper. “I notice your own name

among them, and it’s not a common

one.” .



Courthorne stretched out his hand

for the paper, and his face becamo

intent as he read: “It is with regret

many of our readers will hear of the.

death of Mr. Geoffrey Courthorne, well

known in‘this vicinity as a politician

With Imperialistic views and a bene-

factor of charitable schemes. Among

the bequests are and one of

the farms in the Silverdale colony he

established in Western Canada to

Lance Courthorne. ” _



i He laid doWn the paper and sat

rigidly for a minute or two, while his

companion glanced at him curiously.



"Then" said the latter, “it's you!”



“It is ” said Courthorne dryly. “I'm

much obliged to you for showing me

the thing, but I’d be still more oblig

ed if you wouldn’t worry me With any

questiOns just now.”

~ His cempanion made a little gesture

of Comprehension as he moved array.

and Courthorne leaned, back in his

chair with his eyes half closed. He

could f now understand his whisky

smuggling comrade’s letter, for it was

evident that Winston was going to

Silverdale. Indeed, Courthorne could

not see What other course was open

to the rancher, if he wished to pre—

serve his safety. Still. Courthorne

was aware that farming, as carried on

at Silverdale, was singularly unprofib

able and he had a somewhat curious

confidence in, the honesty of the m

he had deceived. Winston. 11911866311!-

ed. no doubt believed thathe was

(Continued on page 401).





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- - THErMICHIGA‘Nv-“EFAR‘M‘AE'R





NTS IN PICTURES,





     





 





 





 





   





Ccpyright by Underwood & Underwood. N. Y.





Copyright by Undderwoo & Underwood N. Y.

French Marines Resting by Grain Stack During the Siege of Antwerp.





Belgians Fighting Germans on Opposite Bank of the River Nethe.





 





 





— A-A__. ,_ ._.__.__ _ _ v-14- ‘





 





   





Copyright by Underwood 5L Underwood, N.





“Little War Orphans” Fleeing with Other Refugees from Antwerp.





 





 





. . “ ' ' : Copyright b‘y Underwood & Underwood. N, Y.

Ruins in the Marche Aux Souleirs, Typical of the Ruins of Antwerp.





 





Y.





 





 





   





 





 





 





     





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French Soldiers Marching Through a Great Vlneyard where Peasants Are Picking Grapes in the Famous Champagne Section of France.





, .‘ 1mm“- .mm- c...





 





 





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made of amusing incidents

about home, of the boys and

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, » as

i'These forest solitudes.





And weary





THE WOODS.





or J. 11.. KAISER.

Beneath these trees whose giant,

moss- -grown trunks





 





KHaV'e stood unscathed amid a thou-





sand storms,





:Whose branches have for centuries





shut out





I. The summer suns and left the earth





below





.In shade perpetual, I sit me down

, Upon this fallen trunk, and list awhile





To wild and Winsome voices of the





woods.

I breathe the breath of green and fal-

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‘04? springing and decaying trunks, of





moist





:Earth and fragrant flowers, and heart





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P Drink in the spirit of the solitude





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a an 81‘ .

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gnree





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in ace

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Nowhere so wild. so sweet, so free,





singing





If thou are



sick



of the strife. go rest

awhile



Where Nature thrives unmarred by





hand of man,





' And worship there alone with her and

God.





WINSTON OF THE PRAIRIE.





 





(Continued from page 402).





 





 





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«drowned the night Trooper-

5: died, and had been traced as Court—

" borne by some Vs'innipeg lawyers act-

:ing for the executors.





that supper was

:horne took his place among the rest.

.The men were storekeepers of the set-

tlement, though there





Shannon





Then Clouston came in to announce

ready, and Court-





were among

them frost-bronzed ranchers and cat-





tle-boys who had come in for provis-

ions or their mail, and some of them

commenced rallying one of their com-





rades who sat near the head of the

table on his approaching wedding.

The latter bore it go'od-humoredly, and

made a. sign of recognition when

Courthorne glanced at him. He was a

big man, with pleasant blue eyes and

a genial, weather-darkened face,

though he was known as a daring rid-

er and successful breaker of vicious

horses.



Courthorne sat at the bottom of the

table, at some distance from him,

while by and by the man at his side

laughed when a girl with a tray stop-

ped behind them. She was a very

pretty girl with big black eyes, in

which, however, there lurked a some-

what curious gravity.



“Fresh pork or steak?

toes,” she said.



Courthorne, who could not see her

as he was sitting, started involuntar-

ily. The voice was. at least. very like

one he had often listened to, and the

resemblance brought him a little

shock of disgust as well as uneasi-

ness. Gambler and outcast as he was,





Fried ppta-





-there was a certain fastidiodsness in

‘him, and it did not seem fitting that a

,girl with a voice like the one he re-

Vmembered should have to ask wheth-





er one would take pork or steak in a





little fourth-rate hotel.





“Take them right along, Ailly,” said

the man next to him. “Why don’t

you begin at the top where Potter’s

waiting?”



Then Courthorne looked around and

for a moment set his lips tight, while

the girl would have dropped the tray

had he not stretched out a hand and

seized it. A dark flush swept into her

face and then as suddenly faded out

of it, leaving it very pale. She stood

gazing at him, and the fingers of one

hand quivered on the tray, which he

still held. He was, as it happened,

the first to recover himself, and there

was a little sardonic gleam in his eyes

as he lifted down one of the plates.

“Well,” he said. .“I guess Potter





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





win haste to wait.



‘The others had their banks to the

girl, and by the lime one or two of.

them turned round she was quietly

helping "Courthornes companion; but

it was a moment or two before Court-

horne commenced to eat, for the

waitress was certainly Ailly Blake. It

was as certain that she had recogniz-

ed him, however, by no means aston-

ishing, and this promised another





complication, for he was commenelngj .

to realize that since Winston had. ’





gone to Silverdale it would be con-

venient that Cour-theme as such;





should cease to exist. He tancied that?





should any of the men he was ac-g





quainted with happen to come across :

Silverdale~which was»;

most unlikely—they 1:1.1’iglzltg



be deceived by the resemblance be—E.

tween himself and the farmer; but it! 1

was hardly to be expected that Aillyé 1

Blake would fail to be sure of him in: ‘

any circumstances and anywhere. Hal ;





Winston at

however,





accordingly decided that he must haveé

an interview with her as soon as pos-.

sible. and since he had—'Tbeen in many'

tight places before, in the meanwhilei

went on tranquilly with his supper.





The meal was over, and the men.





clustered around the stove when he

gathered up one or two of the plates~





and laid them ready as the girl moved 4

She glanced at him ‘

for a moment. with startled eyes. A g

spot of crimson show-ed in her cheeks: ~

he said} ;



Ailly Blake flashed a swift glance.-

round the room, and Courthorne no-l?

ticed with a little smile that it was}.





along the table.





“I want a word with you.”





one man in particular her gaze rested:





on: but neither Potter nor any of the; f

others seemed to be observing themf





at that moment. .

“Then open the second door down

the corridor





She moved away and left him mi





join the others about the stove, untili

the time she mentioned had elapsed."





when he sauntered out of the room‘





and opened the door she had indicat-v ~i





ed. It led into a little room apparent-1

ly used as a household store. Here

Ailly Blake was standing, while a lit--

ter of forks, spoons, and nickeled

knives showed what her occupation

had been. Courthorne sat down on a

table and looked at her with a little

smile. though she stood intent, and

quivering a little.



“Well,” she said. almost harshly.

“what is it you want?”



Courthorne laughed. “Need you ask?

Is it astonishing that I was anxious to

see you? I don’t think it’s necessary.





to point out that you are quite as good 3





to look at as ever.”



The girl’s lips trembled a little, and

it was evident that she put a con-1

straint upon herself. .



“You haven't changed either.” she

said bitterly.

smooth tongue and the laugh in your"

eyes that should warn folks against

it. I listened to it once, and it brought

me black shame and sorrow.”



“I almost fancy, Ailly, that if I

wanted you to very much, you would

listen again.”



The girl shrank from him a little?

and then straightened herself sudden-

ly and faced him with a flash in her

eyes.



“No,” she said. “Once I would have,

put my hand in the fire for you: but

when you left me in that dance house

I knew all there was to know of you-

—and I hoped you might never come

in my way again. Shamed as I am, I

could not fall so low as you did then.”



“I don’t know that I’m very proud

of the part I played.” and though

Courthorne smiled there was a faint

flush in his face. “Still, you see, I

hadn’t a dollar then. and what could

I do? Anyway, that’s done with, and

I was wondering if you would let me

cangratulate you. Potter seems to be

a general favorite.”



He saw the apprehension once more

creep into the girl's eyes and noticed

the little tremor in her voice as she

said. “You have heard of RI 0!





r11 take steak. " 1 g





in about twenty min-f

utes,” she said. ' .’





“You have still thefi





 





   





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course, youfwonld. .What do youmean

to‘ do i” ‘ 1 '



“Nothing.” and Courthorne smiled

reassuringly. “Why should I do any-

thing? After all, I owe you a little

reparation. Silence is easy and in our

case, I think, advisable. Presumably

ydu are as fond of the worthy Potter

as; you were of me, and there is no

doubt that he is considerably more

deserving of aflection.”



'His good-humored acquiescence was

in one respect almost brutal, and the

girl winced under it, in spite of her

evident relief.



, “fiance,” she said, with a curious

forceful gravity, “Frank Potter is such

a man as you could never be. There

can’t be many like him. As I said.

there was a time when I would have

slaved for. you and starved with you

cheerfully; but you threw me off—

and, now this man who is big .and

strong enough to forget what you

brought me to has given me a chance

to wipe out the past, I do not think I

need be afraid of you. At first I was

a little so, but it wasn’t altogether” for

myself. I want to warn you. If you

try to make mischief he will kill

you.”



, “Ah,” said Courthorne quietly.

“Well, it wouldn’t be very astonishing

if he attempted it, and nobody would

blame him; but I have, as it happens,

no intention of provoking him. After

all, it was my fault, and you were too

good for me, Ailly.”



‘ He stopped a moment and smiled,

for there was in him a certain half-

Whimsical cruelty. “Still, perhaps, it’s

a‘little rough on the excellent Potter,

though from what you said one would

think that you had told him—some-

thing.” -



The crimson crept into the girl’s

cheek. “He knows everything—ex-

Cept who you are. That is why I am

afraid. If he found out, I think one

(if you would never leave this place."



Courthorne shrugged his shoulders.

“I believe I owe you enough to go

away tomorrow. It would be wiser.

I am not, as you know, a model of

discretion, and it’s perhaps, natural

that, now you have given me up, you

appear rather more attractive than

ever. In fact, I almost feel tempted

to. stay to see if I’m not a match for

Potter. .Still, I’ll go away. ‘I suppose

you haven’t heard from Larry lately?”



He saw the returning fear in‘ her

face give place to pain and bitterness

as he concluded, and he made a little

sign of comprehension.



' “Well, perhaps, one couldn’t blame

him. You are going back to England

with Potter after the wedding?" _

His companion said 'She was, and

Courthorne sat silent a moment or

two, for the news was at once a relief

to him and a cause of thoughtfulness.

Ailly Blake,- who would. never be de-

ceived by the resemblance between

him and Winston, was a standing

menace While she remained near the

frontier of Canada. He had discover-

ed that it is usually the last thing one

expects or desires that happens, and

it was clearly advisable for Lance

Courthorne to efface himself very

shortly, while the easiest way to do

it was to merge his identity with that

of the man who had gone in his name

to Silverdale. Winston had, so far as

everybody else knew, been drowned,

and he must in the meanwhile, at

least, not be compelled to appear

again. It would simplify everything

if Ailly Blake, who evidently did not

know of Trooper Shannon’s death,

went away.



“Well,” he said, “I’m glad to hear

it, and I’m leaving this country, too.

I’m going east tomorrow to Silverdale.

I wonder if I could be permitted to

sendyou a wedding present.”



- The girl turned to him with a crim-

son spot in her cheek, and there was

a little hoarse thrill in her voice that

made its. impression even on him.



. “Once I thought I’d have every lit-

tle, thing. you save "me. buried. with





_ me,” she said. “I felt» I couldn’t part





'TH’E MICHIGAN FA‘R'M’ER





with them, and now I’ll remember you

often when I shouldforget—but what-

ever you send I’ll burn. I don’t know

why I’m telling you this, but I can’t

help it. Perhaps it’s mad, foolish, but

I want you to think well of me still.”



She stopped and caught her breath

with a little gasp, while her voice

grew strained and broken as she con-

tinued. .



“Lance,” she said, passionately,

“can’t you understand? It’s my one

chance to creep back to where I was

before you came my way—and Pot-

ter’s kind to me. At least, I can be

straight with him, and I pray I’ll nev-

er see your face, or hear your name

again. Now go—go—I can’t bear any

more from you.”



Courthorne stood still looking at her

for almost a minute, while the wild

reckless devil that was in him awoke.

Clever as he was, he was apt now and

then to fling prudence to the winds,

and he was swayed by an'almost un-

controllable impulse to stay beside

the girl who, he realized, though she

recognized his worthlessness, loved

him still. That he did not love her,

and perhaps, never had done so, did

not count with him. It was in his na~

ture to find pleasure in snatching her

from a better man. Then some faint

sense of the wantonness and cruelty

of it came upon him, and by a tense

effort he made her a little inclination

that was not ironical.



“Well,” he said, “if they are worth

anything my good wishes go with you.

At least, they can’t hurt you.”



He held his hand out, but Ailly

Blake shrank away from him and

pointed to the door.



“Go,” she said hoarsely. “Go now.”



Courthorne made a little gesture

that might have meant anything, and

then he swung around abruptly with-

out another look at her. When the

door closed behind him he went down

the corridor with 'a little wry smile in

his eyes. .



“After all, it’s the gambler first,"

he said. “A little rough on the

straight man—as usual.”



Then he sat down beside the stove

in the bare general room and thought-

fully smoked a cigar. Ailly was going

to England, Winston, to save his

neck, had gone as Courthorne to Sil-

verdale, and in another day or two

the latter would have disappeared. He

could not claim his new possessions

without forcing facts better left un-

mentioned upon everybody’s attention,

since Winston would doubtless object

to jeopardize himself to please him,

and the land at Silverdale could not

in any case‘be sold without the con-





sent or Celonel Barrington. Winston-





was also an excellent farmer and a

man he had confidence in, one who

could be depended on to subsidize the

real_ owner, which would suit- the

gambler a good deal better than farm-

ing. When he had come to this de-

cision he threw his cigar end away

and strolled towards the bar.





“Boys,” he said to the loungers, “I

want you to have a drink with me.

Somebody has left me land and prop-

erty in the very select colony of Sil-

verdale on the Canadian prairie, and

I’m going back there to take posses-

sion first thing tomorrow.”





Most of them joined him, and the

second time his glass was filled he

lifted it and glanced at Potter.



“Long life to you and the prettiest

girl on either side of the frontier!” he

said.



They drank the toast with acclama-

tion, and Courthorne, who strolled

away, retired early and started for the

railroad before daylight next morning.

He laughed softly as he glanced back

a moment at the lights of the settle-

ment.



“There are a. good many places on

this side of the frontier that will suit

me better than Silverdale,” he said.

“In fact, it’s probable that most of his

friends have seen the last. of Lance

Courthorne.” . . ,



(Continued next week).





 





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1117-1167 Lock street. Cincinnati. onto





 

 





 





 

 





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Or, do your hens lay only

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Get the eggs this winter by starting to feed





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Conkey’s Poultry Tonic is an all round tonic that

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THE C. E. CONKEY COMPANY

133 Conkey Bldg., Cleveland, 0.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





   

 





 





   

 





 





 





 





 





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Michigan’s Happy Babies-#No. 1.





By ALTA LAWSON LITTELL.





ICHIGAN is famous for many

things. Her apples, pota-

toes, beans, and celery, her



automobiles, her copper and iron

mines, her furniture and stove out-

put, not to mention her wonderful wa-

ter advantages” have made Michigan

one of the best known and best be-

loved of states. Nature and the men

of Michigan have put her name to the

fore.



Why can not the women of Michi-

gan add to the laurels of our state by

making her famous for fine babies?



I have just left the happiest woman

in Michigan. She is the 20- year-old

mother of a six-months-old boy. Pro-

siding genious in the kitchen on a 180-

acre fa1n1, with a hired man all the

time, and bean pullers, potato dig-

gers, threshers and ditch diggers scat-

tered through 'the 'year, she works

from 4: 30 a. 111. until long past lamp-

light, happy every minute of the time,

because baby is here and because he

is good. Far from being an added bur-

den, baby is proudly referred to as

“mamma’s little helper,” and the

young mother boasts that he has nev.

er c1ied, never had colic, and for the

first three months of his life slept 22

hours out of every 24.



Thele is no trouble about feeding.

no trouble about teething, the first

two teeth made their appearance quite

unannounced by any preliminary

crossness or ill-health. In a word.

baby is a perfectly healthy, and there-

fore, perfectly happy youngster, and

mother is happy as a consequence.



Lucky and thrice happy is the moth-

er who is so blessed. Lucky that she

has not been forced into that com-

pany of worried mothers who must

resort to artificial feeding for their

child, for when this case arises trou-

ble all too often begins. On no sub

ject under the sun is there such pro-

found arid universal ignorance as on

the feeding of babies, and mothers





are not alone in this lack of knowiy





edge. Many doctors know little more

than the mother about dieting, and

the search for a proper food for baby

resolves itself into a series of experi‘

me11ts from which the child emerges

with stomach scarred for life, if not

with rickets 01 some other disease

caused by wrong feeding. All too Of-

ten the little life is lost, not for want

of attention or money, but because the

efforts were directed in the wrong

way. Small fortunes are spent on

many a baby’s food, all to no pur-

pose, when a tenth of the money

spent for the proper food would put

the Child on its feet.



How are we to tell what is the

right food for our baby? The same

way we tell what is the right food for

our stock. By applying scientific prin

ciples to his feeding, making a study

of food prOperties Watching the efiect

of the particular food we try on the

child’s stomach and bowels and stop-

ping instantly anything we see is

causing trouble. It is as easy to raise

thoroughbred babies as to raise thor-

oughbred animals. The only trouble

is we do not make a study of the

subject. We let this neighbor tell us

one thing, that neighbor tell us an.

other, one grandmother order cream

and another skim-milk. We try every-

hour a week spent in a cooking class





thing anyone suggests in the blind

hope that we’ll hit the right thing,

meantime suffering all the tortures of

the damned because baby cries and

we don’t know what to do for him.

When we stop to consider that health

and life, not to mention happiness and

contentment, are dependent upon the

food we eat, isn’t it queer we have

never made more of a study of the

subject? Especially when the subject

is so simple? Country girls are

taught how to cook, but they are not

taught why they_ do certain things,

what effect certain foods have, what

elements the body needs, nor what

foods contain those elements. There

is no science applied to their cooking.





'City girls are not even taught how to





cook. If they know the shortest

route to the delicatessen store, that is

sufficient knowledge of cookery so far

as home training is concerned. The

schools try to do something, but one





{r 33:: 3





in school will do little if not backed

up by practice at home.



For the sake of the babies of Mich-

igan, the boys and girls of a decade

from now, the young fathers and

mothers of another 20 years, The

Michigan Farmer will run, through

the coming winter a “Happy Babies”

department, based on the theory that

a properly- -fed baby will make a heal-

thy, happy baby, providihg always

that he was a normal child at birth,

perfectly normal and free from heredi-

tary taint. Short articles on proper

feeding will be run weekly, and any

queries pertaining to the feeding of

any infant or child will be promptly

answered. No medical advice will be

given, as medicine and diet are two

entirely distinct fields. As by far the

largest per cent of delicate infants are

merely victims of improper feeding





this department shOuld help practical-

_ly every mother who is having trou-





ble with her baby. The best Ameri-

can and European authorities will be

back of every answer given. How





many mothers will join the m0vement





for promoting universal happines's?





llHHlIIllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllll|lIlllllllllllllllllllmll||lllllllllIIIllllllIIHUIIIIIIHIIIIIHIIIIIIIIHMllllllllllllll|llllllIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHHHIIIHIIIlllllmllllllIIIINIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





Kindergarten Helps





By EDNA R. J. HARTENBOWER.





for Busy Monthers.





 





Few mothers realize the possibili-

ties of the kindergarten gifts or their

adaptability to home conditions. The

lonely only ohild or'th'e‘little one left

at home .When the older children go

to school turns almost invariably to

the mother for something to do, and

the busy country mother has little

time to give to play. Thrown entire-

ly upon its own resources a little child

too often turns to mischief. The moth-

er must always be ready with watch-

ful care and helpful suggestions.



It is'just herevthat the kindergarten

material helps. It is not hard to ob-

tain, it requires little preparation, it

need not be expensive, and always it

is constructive, never destructive in

its teaching.



While many of the kindergarten

gifts require the almost constant help

of an older person, there still remains

a long list that may be given to’the





ich‘i’ld of four or five years, or eVen to





smaller children. If the little one be

fortunate enough to possess a low ta-

ble which may be easily moved, it

takes very'little time to oversee the

work. Often a touch, or even a sug-

gestion, will smooth out difficulties

and straighten tangles that wOuld' dis-

courage the child if left alone.



The following gifts I have found to

be best adapted to use in the home.

Colored balls, Mrs. Hailman’s Wooden

beads, straws and papers for string-

ing, peg boards, colored sticks, scis-

sors and paper for cutting, sewing

cards, mats for weaving.



The halls should be about two inch-

es in diameter, six in number and of

the six standard colors. They may be

bought in sets or made at home. The

best ball I have found for indoor play

is of cork, cover-ed with crochet cot-

ton. It is light, is more durable than

rubber, and bounces well. Even a.

tiny child will readily learn the colors

with these balls.



The wooden beads come three doz-





en in a box, spheres, cubesr'and cylin--

ders and these, too, are in standard

the first said in red,“ “the secdnd in





colors. They are strung on shoe laces.

Closely following the bead stringing

comes the stringing of straws and pa-





pers. I prefer plain straws about

three- fourths of an inch in length,

alternated with colored papers. I know

of nothing that will furnish the child

of three or four so many hours of

pleasant employment as these two

gifts.



Peg boards may be easily made at

home and colored pegs bought in

quantities.



Sticks may be had plain or in col-

ors and in lengths from one to five

inches. They combine well with the

wooden beads and suggest the teach-

ing of linear measure.



No list could be complete without

scissors and paper, and as soon as the

little hands can manage it, paste.

From, the cutting of simple vegetable,

flower and fruit forms to the more





'Complex animal ferms is but a step,.

and arranging and pasting these forms:

to illustrate Stories or to make posters,





and pictures, follow naturally. ‘ Scis-

sors for small children should have





blunt points and papers for cutting:

may be bought in. sheets and out into





small Squares. Or smoOth, soft- color-

ed wrapping papers, Such as come in-

to every house, may be utilized.



At the close of the season discarded

sample books may be had for the aSk-

ing from most wallpaper dealers, and

they will prove a veritable gold mine

to a constructive child. Lighter weight

papers may be cut into strips and

pasted to form chains. "



Sewing cards may be bought ready

to use, or cut at home from thin white

cardboard. Care should be taken to

have the forms simple, with lines that

may be easily followed by a child, as

many of the cards are so complex as

to tax the ingenuity of the grownups.



One sewing sequence which I have

found very satisfactory and which I

have never seen catalogued, is made

by cutting six cards four by six inch-

es. Draw and punch for sewing on

the first card, one circle, on the sec-

ond two circles, and so on, having six

circles On the Sixth card. Then sew





red and orange, and continue, foHOW-

ing the order of the standard colors,





so that the sixth card has six circles,

one of each color. Later the circles

may be colored to match the sewing,

using either water cOlOrs or crayons.



It is better to buy weaving mate-

rial, and mats and fringes. may be

had in paper or linen in assorted

shades. Weaving is too difficult for

very small children, but it furnishes

an interesting employment for chil-

dren of five or six years.





I I have passed over many of the

gifts because they are not so well

suited to the needs of the home as to

the school room, but with the help of

a catalog of kindergarten material, al-

most any mother can select those

gifts best fitted for her own little

ones, and it is not difficult to arrange

the werk so that the last year or two

before a child enters school may be a

time of preparation, of pleasant em-

ployment and, in later years, of pleas-

an memories for both mother and

child.





POTTING PLANTS For: WINTER.





 





. BY 1.. H. COBB.



When the frosty nights come it is

time to think about taking up the

plants for the winter, such as one

wants to take into the house for win-





. ter blooming. Also it is the time to





pot up the bulbs that have been rest;

ing during the summer if they have

not been potted already.



. The first thing or importance is to

prepare the soil. A soil for winter

use should be well prepared and

should be rich, and yet not have any

decomposing manure in it. If you

have access to good leaf mold a mix-

ture of one part each of garden soil,

leaf mold, manure rotted until it is

like earth, and sand will be found all

right. . I like rotted sods instead of

the garden soil if they can be had,

but it takes a couple of months at

least to rot them sufficiently. Mix

the soil theroughly and add a. quart of





bone meal to the bushel or soil if you '





.1





can get it conveniently. ,. ,

In taki’ng up the plants there are

some of them that you will have to





be, very careful with. Mignonette,‘





mootiana, and any or the plants that

have tops very heavy for the amount

of fiber roots shbuld be taken up with

as much soil as possible and put into'

pots large enough so the roOts will

not be bruised or disturbed much in

the handling

much as you can without making the

plants stubby, though they Will out-

grow a'little stubbiness and be all

right if they get a good start. Snap-

dragons, carnations, petunias, verbe—

nas, begonias, lantanas (trailing), vio~

lets, lobelias’,- and many other:good

garden annuals or bedding plants are

easily taken up and will bloom freely

in the house.



Tuberose bulbs that have not

bloomed when the cool nights arrive

can be taken up also, and they will

bloom in the window. Do not let them

frost. They like a warm'place, for

they are heat lovers. Carnations on

the other hand, want a cool place, as

do most of the annuals where they

are grown in the house, especially

verbenas, alyssum, and stock.



Pot up hyacinths and narcissus now

and put away in a cool closet or cel-

lar and bring them in as wanted dur-

ing the Winter. They should be well

watered and remain in the dark for a

month, except the Paper White Nav-





Cut back the tops as
NOV. 7, 1914.

' W ‘ 1-! ,

cissug and the Sacred Elinor—which

can be brought to the light at once if

desired, though they will be best for

a couple of weeks inithe dark.





\





 





Bad Food 0 arid Temper.





‘ OW much of our bad tempers

H and actual wrong doing shall

be charged up to inbred sin,



and how much to our diet? The long-

erl live and_..the more I observe, the

more I am forced to'believe that 99

out of every 100 hastily spoken words

are the result of indigestion rather

than actual meanness, and that at

least 75 per cent of vice is traceable





'to bad cooking and insufficient nutri-





ment.



A young man sat opposite me in a

restaurant the other day, whose shak-

ing hand attracted the attention of

everyone at the table. He could not

raise his cup to his lips without spill-

ing the liquid; and knife and fork

cluttered noisily against his dishes as

he tried to use them. His face show.

ed marks of dissipation, and I men-

tally decided he must just be getting

over a prolonged spree. When he had

left the table the friend who was with

me remarked:



“Did you notice that chap who just

went out, how nervous he is? You

thought he was a hard drinker, didn’t

you? Well. he isn’t. That’s just tea,

strong tea, tea strong enough to hold

up an iron bar, as we say. He is of

a nervous temperament to begin with

and his mother did the rest. She used

to give him weak tea in his nursing

bottle to keep him quiet. As he grew

older she kept making it stronger and

strouger. “'hen he was hungry in his

second year she’d give him a. lump of

brown sugar because it was less trou-

ble than Cooking a cereal. Later she

fed him On cookies and rich cake and

mince pie whenever he asked for

them, because he screamed and had

hysterics if she didn’t. Of course, she

ruined his stomach and nerves, and

as a natural consequence, his life. He

".2. so grouchy he can’t hold a job, and

so nervous he finds life intolerable

83:19 day he’s going to go the prus-





sic acid mute, and who 11 he to

blame?"

Of course, the case is extreme. but





to a greater or lesser degree we are

all sinners where meat and drink is

concerned. How often we say, "I

know I shouldn’t drink' coffee. but

when I smell it I just can’t resist it."

Or. “warm bread always makes me

sick, but I just can't let it alone." Or

perhaps its cabbage. or strawberries

or ice cream or candy or corn meal

muffins, something we like overmuch

and eat overmuch and pay the penalty

in a deranged stomach, headache and

bad temper. Perhaps it is no one

thing we over-indulge in. We may be

simply “hearty” and over-eat when-

ever we come to the table. Because

our long-suffering stomachs adjust

themselves some way, and we do not

die at once, we cajole ourselves by

saying it doesn’t really hurt us. Often

we laughingly boast that “it never

killed me .yet,” and go on sinning

against our bodies.



There are some poisons which kill

outright and others that are accumu.

lative. Of these latter, .one dose is

not fatal, it takes many small doses

to cause death. Intemperance in eat-

ing is like the accumulative poisons.

We are not killed at once, but sooner

or later we pay the penalty. Our

stomachs refuse to endure more and

we are down and out as regards our

health. Always we suffer the inci-

dental irritations of over-indulgence.

We are “nervous,” because we are

not supplied with good blood. Ner-

vousness becomes an excuse for nag-

ging, complaining, moodiness, often

for recklessness and further indul-

gence. Our irritated nerves demand

stimulus. Tea. and coffee no longer

satisfy and we try' beer and wine.-

The temporary eflect is so satisfac-





tdr! that when the reaction comes»





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





next .time we indulge again for the

sake of temporary relief. Before we

know it we have formed the alcohol

habit, not because we meant to be

bad, but because we have ,formed the

habit of eating and drinking what we

liked without regard to evil effects.



I always remember what a wise old

doctor said when my first baby cried

all the time and the family physician

insisted he was just “cross.” “A well

baby is a happy one,” said the spe-

cialist. “If your baby cries he is not

well, and if he is organically sound he

is ill because he is improperly fed.

Feed any child, or adult, correctly and

keep him otherwise well, and he'll not

have bad tempers."



Experiments with the baby proved

he was right. When the baby got the

right food he stopped crying, and the

same rule has held good through his

childhood. Fed properly on good plain

food. meat, milk, eggs, plain bread

and butter and fresh fruit and vegeta-

bles, he is as good-natured as a heal-

thy boy can be. But if there is any

lapse of maternal vigilance and he in-

dulges his fancy for candy, “frosting

cake, ” pie and heavy. greasy food he

is so whiney and disagreeable there

is no living with him



Observation of the dietary of older

“cranks” has led me to believe that

what goes into the mouth is largely

responsible for all those petty irrita-

tions which make so many homes in-

tolerable. The families fed on baked

goods, with a low supply of meat,

eggs and milk are sickly, peevish and

unhappy. Those who eat a well-bal-

anced ration, vegetables, fruit, plain

bread, meat, fish and eggs for the sta'

pies and an occasional pie or cake as

a treat. are healthy and happy.



Many a mother who is sorrowing

over a son or daughter gone wrong

could. if she would, trace the trouble

back to her own kitchen.



DEBORAH.





PAPER AS TIME AND STRENGTH

SAVER.





 





BY L111.“ 1.x SKULL.



From old newspapers to the linen

finished lunch cloth, the uses to which

paper may be put are legion.

going to tell you of a few common-

sense uses I make of paper and I

shall begin with the commonest—old

newspapers. I out these in squares,

8x10 inches, and keep on a wire hook

near the kitchen sink. I use them, a

square at a time, to wipe grease and

food from pans, kettles and utensils

before washing them, after which I

burn the paper, usually when kindling

a fresh fire. I also use newspapers





to polish the heater and the kitchen





range. as the printers ink lends a

beautiful polish.



In winter I warm 10 or 12 thickness-

es of newspapers and stand on them

when the floor is cold and I have iron-

ing or other work to do where I must

stand in one place for some time.

When the linoleum is freshly washed.

1 place newspapers on the floor near

the sink. the kitchen table and around

the range to save the clean linoleum

from tracks and spatters. I also line

hens’ nests with newspapers saturat-

ed with crude carbolic acid and kero-

sene. This keeps out vermin. In win-

ter I place newspapers in the win-

dows back of my house plants to keep

out the frost. This saves me a deal

of work in moving my plants nearer

the fire over night and back again in

the morning. I place old newspapers





'on the floor under my carpets, and





line the boxes in which we keep tur

caps, coats, etc., through the summer

and I never see moths or any trace of

them. A



My next step in the use of paper as

a labor saver is in the use of inexpen-

sive tissue paper. I keep a, two-cent

roll near the sink in the kitchen on

a hanger. This I use it; polish brass

and nickel trimmings, lamp and Ian-

tern globes, and use small pieces to

wipe food from glass and china dishes





Iam'





 





 

 





 





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ll'llllllllllllllull‘ll"‘ll’lllllllllll'llllllllllllllllHllllllllllHlllIllllllIIIIHIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllilHM'l‘l'lll'lx.‘





 





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-~.

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Mlllll





Made with "Rum-prise" we and precision in every part





Iron Cylinder is Bored True





are accurate and smooth runmug.





4-4“. size. Japamed. $5.50. Made in nine

sizes and mics. Z— to 8-qt. Japanncd or turned.

Used as Fruit Press. :00





an d-Food Chopper. Doesn‘t tear nor squeeze





.1 using up left-overs."





‘ Size. $1. 75: Large. $2.50

Your dealer can





supply you

Look for the name

it guarantees satishn :.)11





“Enterprise”



Patented Cor-

rugated Spout

keeps air from outer-

lug sausage- was“: ,5.





bond -—

\tbcrcby prevents I)”





hauwhall helps.





I115





l‘llllll‘l‘lll Inlmllhl :1 1' 111.: Ill: :1'11111111 'mnn _. =11 - --v





IN turning hogs into pork products yourself you want an equip-

ment that will get you every cent of the extra profits you are

after. The world's standard machine for Its purpose is the





“ N TERPRISE”





Sausage Staffer and Lard Press





Ind plunger fits accurately—rides evmly. Tinned Cylinder (and

strainer) has wide lips. making it easily handled when filled with

botcrackl1ngs.Long crank handle makes my turning. Gear-

Plunm screw thread ls stout

and heavy and won't strip. Easily taken apart and cleaned.





 

   





F‘ORd cutting sausage meat. use the “Enterprise” Ment-





four-bladcd steel knife gives the true slicing cut: the (mat (or

other foodl retains its juices. Use same chopper for preparing

appetizing dishes for your own table- and for economy in

ljlmily





Enterprise”;

W rite u: enclosing 4 (rmmpt) fir mo!

Enm'iu'n}: Hmscfirepar.



containing an? 200 Cute/l radar: and





The Enterpme Mfg. Co. of Pa.

Philode Inhi-





 

 





 





 





   

 

 





 





llllll‘llllununa





 





 

   

   

   

   

   





IIHIIIIHIIIllll'lIIHIl‘Illlllllll'22l1‘ul!‘lul|tlllll.1I





   





 





   





A





   

   

 

   

   

 

 

 





 





   

 

 

 





 

 

 





   

   

 

 

   





 





You This.

Highest

Quality





Stove

I





Choose Any





Kalamazoo on Trial





Pay Later





RITE for the new edition

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showinghundrcds of the finest

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kind—all offered on a. more

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We have 275,000 customers





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more this war.

the improvements. the prices.

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No tired eyes Or eye

strain from its soft yet

steady glow,

which floods the center

table so that all the family

has a good Jig/z! by which

to read, sew or study.



Experts everywhere agree

that the light given by a kero-

sene lamp is best for the eyes.



3,000,000 middle western

homes say there is no lamp

like the RAYO— that it gives

the most satisfactory light in either city or country homes.





brilliant,





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How You Will

Enjoy Reading

the





 





 





 

 





Illustrated booklet on request.





F or Best Result-

Use Perfection Oil





 





Ask your dealer





(245)





STANDARD OIL COMPANY (ctiét‘l’fii‘dr) Chicago, Illinois





 





 

 

 

 

 

 





»DON’T PAY TWO PRICES





HOUSIERR rEZ'EfIREE





To try in your own home for 30 days. Showi your friends. Freight

paid. by us.





Send it back at our expensei you do not wont to

keep it. You can buy the beat. at Actual Factory

Prices. Are heavily made of the higihen grade selected

-.mmial. beautifully finished. I in: improvement: that



absolutely surpass anything over pmduood. The Boat

in the World. Guaranteed for years by I Two Million

Dollar Bond. No mutter where live, you can try n

3008133 inyour own one thirty days,

without a penny'h expense or obligation to





   





   





-on|. to «loot hon. No m

HOOSIER STOVE COMPANY.

131 State Street. - ml. um.
408 --20





Table Ectllpseflsgpve isi laugh right to



v mos re a on w t .



mm“ ”dumb“ Mai“? fuel

0)



socket that maliesnthe syto‘v;I abs:



tight No fire touches the steel boc



casein common w heaters. '1 e Maple





Holds Fire 18 Hours





Ec LIP s E

‘Stoves and Ranges





He has many styles for you toseleet from.

Ranges that will make you realize whats

fine cool: you are! Heaters that will double

{our home comforts and save you time and



shot. All planned to economize fuel, and

give most value for your money, now and





we 3.



Write us for. free book. "What Should 1

Gel: When Buying A Stove?" Full of hints

on how to save money in stoves.





Ecli se Stove Co

" “Pu...





 





Mensfleld,





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   





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21.121211?





 





'~--;/ _._____

The Marvelou Aid to Soap

Cleans Things Clean





fised with Soap Wherever Soap is Used

For Sale by All Grocers and Druggisls





In convenientJOc. 15c and 50c packages.

If your retailer-does not supply you prompt-

ly. your choice of a 10c. 15c or 50c package

will be mailed to you by Parcels Post.

delivery charges paid. on receipt of the

regular retail price.



The Pacific Coast Borax Co.

1561 McCormick Bldg., Chicsgo. III.





   





   





 





Write forKrcsgc‘sKataiog

of the World's Best





5 8910‘i BARGA__S

' FliE "3152





Kresge'e Keleleg nicest-toe

mousends ot the world's best

5 end I o sent berg-Ins in

laces, embroideries. dry goods,

notions, ensmelwere and house-

hold neceuitiee—nelhlnn ever

I 0 cents. I! doubles the buy-

Inu never 0! your nlekele end

(I I ln s e . All orders shipped

promptly.



Kresge ousrsniees to please

you or return your money. -Write



' to nearest point. Detrell. Uleh"

or so. Peel. Ilium, for s copy

- of Kresue's l'ree Ketelog ol

the world's best 8 end I 0 cent bergslne.

. All leak In the world

. our “Chances - snd’mllllens el customers





Address.- Ofioe Bore 8-13 i





S. S. KRESGE 00., it’lllai'fl‘a.





'l'he Orlolnel Psreel Peel 5 end I 0 Gen! Itere

With over 100 Branches J





DON’T Pay Two PRICES

&.





IllllllEll agrarian:





 





 





 





 





 

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





. . , n our own home or 30 dsys. Show your

a , hi I. reighr. psid by us. Send it back so our

. expense if you do not. went to keep it. You can

get the best st sctuai factory prices. Are

hesvily made of the highest grade selected



- , meterisl, beautiful ornamentation end

. finish, with improvements thst sbsolutely

surpass snything ever produced. 1 The

Best in the World. . Gusrenleed for Yeer

by e Two Million Dollar Bond. You ‘osn

save enough on s single Hoosier Steve to

. Dwain winter's fuel. . All EOOBIIR





 

   

   





h-l‘

I. '





1813“ 3%., IAIIIOI, IND.





 





‘l'i'ifisfék srovs 60..





 





THE MICHIGAN F_A\RMER





before washing, and to polish my sil-

verware. .



On a roller, I have, at all times, a

roll of sanitary paper towels. In this





' way there is always a. clean towel in





the kitchen.



I purchase white manila paper by



the roll, the two and a half foot width.

When I knead bread, biscuit, pie crust-

cookies, or bread fish, steak, cutlets,

croquettes, etc., I use the clean paper

on top of the molding board. When

the work is done the “muss' is gather-

ed up in the paper and burned and

there is no board or table top to scrub

and scour. For everyday we use pa-

per napkins, and I also spread them

on the table under the plates to save

the table cloth and tuck them under

the chins of the little folk in place of

a “bib.”

. At my attic, cellar, transom and

bathroom windows I use crepe paper

curtains. I run them on rods the same

as any curtain, making hems and cas-

ings on the machine with the tension

loose. These curtains may be chang-

ed several times during the season

and always look fresh and nice. I

only change mine at regular house

cleaning time, however, as ours re-

main clean that length of time, they

are inexpensive and save lots of wash-

ing and ironing. I always use the

plain white paper.



White waxed paper and plain paper

napkins, nappies, paper cups, etc., are

kept on hand in quantities and used in

putting up lunches, school lunches, es-

pecially.



When I serve cold tea, sherbets,

lemonade, etc., at meal time or to

afternoon callers, I use the thin

paper tumblers and sherbet cups.

ly little paper bowls. When we have

company for dinner or supper I get

out my lace edged lunch set and pro-





ceed to set my table daintily and with,





much enjoyment, as I have not a.

heavy damask cloth and a. lot of linen

napkins staring me in the face the

next washing and ironing day.



Thanksgiving days we, use table-

cloth, centerpiece and napkins. of

white crepe paper, withborders of

ripe pumpkins, and turkeys in full

feather. Our Christmas set has bor-

ders of holly and holly berries and

sprays of poinsettas. These sets are

inexpensive and dainty, and relieve

me of work and worry.



I should not forget to say that the

paper napkins for infants are worth

any mother’s consideration as there

are waterproof ones for the inner.

These save clothing and a great deal

of unpleasant work.



In summer we have an occasional

lap supper under the trees and in win-

ter we hold it around the fire, using

paper plates, cups and saucers. We

enjoy ourselves greatly, the change

gives us an appetite and mother has

not so many dishes to wash.



I even try the paper bag cookery at

times and like it. The food retains

all juices and the flavor is delicious

and there are no greasy, heavy uten-

sils to wash. I thoroughly and sin-

cerely believe in the use of' paper as

a labor saver and Will thank "some en-

terprising manufacturer when he

evolves a complete set of paper dish-

es and utensils; complete even to the

knives, forks and spoons.





 





HOME QUERIES.





Household Editorz—Could you send

me a recipe for making good grape

wine?——Mrs. W. A., Warren.





Press washed and stemmed grapes

through a coarse cloth to remove all

juice. For every three quarts'of juice

add one quart of soft water and for

every four quarts of juice four

pounds of brown sugar.‘ Put in a

crock, cover with a thin cloth to keep

out dust and let stand six weeks.

Then bottlef ., ' » ‘



. Some time ago I saw a request from





 





ghee. a lady is. know hbfl....t°.. bleach whitey;

., flannel "that'had b'eco'me‘ yellowed with





age. I neglected to write rightaway

but perhaps this will help someone.





Wash carefully‘in the usual lukewarm

water and ammonia. Then pin in the

window to dry. The sun shining

through the glass bleaches wonder-

fully. I have only done this in cool

weather, though—Mrs. F. L.





CONTRIBUTED RECIPES.





 





Wild Grape and Apple Marmalade.



Stew apples thoroughly, then mash

through colander. Treat wild grapes

the same way. Then add together,

two-thirds apples, one-third grapes,

with their equal weight or measure

of sugar and cinnamon to taste. Cook

until thoroughly scalded. Can or seal

in jelly glasses—M. B. H.



Wild Grape Jelly.



Wild grapes make an excellent jel-

ly, and for a pleasing variety we use

apples and grapes together, usually

one-third grape juice and two-thirds

apple juice, with equal measure of

granulated sugar.——M. B. H.



Wild Grape Jam.



Pick off and wash grapes, cook in

water to cover, put through colander.

Add equal weight of sugar, boil until

thick as you like—M. B. H.



Chocolate Carmelo.



One. cup of medium brown sugar,

sweet cream to moisten; if you do not

have the cream use milk instead, and

butter size of.an egg. When it forms

a hard ball in cold water, pour on but-

tered tin after first adding one cup of

ground peanuts and vanilla flavoring.

I grind the peanuts with a rolling» pin.

I think this is the finest candy and

cake filling made.

can be made by adding cocoanut in-

stead of peanuts, and using granulat-

ed sugar instead of brown. .





FASHIONS BY MAY MANTON.





Our large Fashion Book, containing

illustrationsrof over 700 of the sea-

‘son’s latest styles, and devoting sev-

eral pages to embroidery designs, will

be sent to any. address on receipt of

ten cents.





 





 





s . 1/

,4 ., ,. w .





.7 ‘

ll ’

, 5



.1 IN





,I

,





VI





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, v7,

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- M

. . g/i

- 5'37 7%"





4‘;





humour





   





 





 





 





~ 'No. 8237—Boys' suit, with long or

short sleeves. Cut in sizes, 4,.6 and

8 years. Size 6 years requires 11,5»,

yards for blouse and 11/; yards for





trousers, and trimming of 36-inch ma.-~





terial. - .

- No. 8228—Boys’ box-plaited suit.

Cut in sizes 2, 4 and 6 years. Size 4





years requires 3 yards of 36-inch ma-

terial and 7/3 of a yard 27 inches wide

for collar, cuffs and belt. -



No. 8227—Boys' one-piece bathing

suit. Out in sizes 4 to 12 years. Size

8 years requires 2 yards of 36-inch

material. ‘ . - - A



No. 8249—Child’s rompers. Cut in

sizes 4 and 6 years. Size 4 years re-





quires 21/1. yards of 36-inch material ‘





and 1% yards 27-inch material and

1%; yards of 27-inch for trimming.



No. 7440—Child’s one-piece dress.

Cut in sizes 2, 4 and 6_ years. Size '4,

years requires 1% yards of 36-inch

material for 'dress, and $4; of a yard





for knickerbockers, with 1 yard of 27— ‘

.Inch§materialflfortriflmm ' " ' ’





, , . H .1118; .





. The above patterns will» be‘ mailed

to any address by the Fashion Depart-

ment‘ of the Michigan Farmer on re-





ceipt of ten cents cash; '





Cocoanut fudge ‘





 





 





 





 





 





i





For Head Colds

and Catarrh





UlCK relief can be

obtained by using





CAMPHORATED





Vclgslin‘e





Rub a little across the brid e

of the nose and snufl" a li e

up the nostrils.





Sold by drug and general stores

or will be sent direct on receipt of

price—20c. for a. full size bottle.

" There are many other ‘Vasefinef’

preparations — simple home remedies

-that should be in every family—

Carl-Soleted “Vaseline,” an antiv

_ septic dressing for cuts, insect bites,

etc, :White “Vaseline," to prevent

redness and roughness offace and

hands; pure “Vaseline,” for piles.

- ch'illblains; etc., and odiers. ‘

‘~Write For our newsiuusu‘atedboolr

‘ ‘7 let describing their many uses





 





 





 

 

   

 

   

 

 

 





CHESEBROUGH‘MF'G. co.

(Con lidued)





SO

33 STATE STREET NEW YORK





 





 





 





 





l





FARM TELEPHONES





livery rural Telephone

company should write

for our lilo-page book.





BUILDING THE LINE

It contains reel tele-





 





 





ustrstions. dl ems

OM plain A. B. 6.1‘ele-

phone talk.

W e a. r e

‘ furs] Tele-





w



it our offer to you.

rite today and tell

us our telephone 00!:-





n



, coed fluent.



Wenled.

Address





The Geriord Mfg. Ce.





masons. Run! omc

Sunshine Lamp





300 Candle Power FREE





To Try in Your Own Home —

Turns night into day. Give- better li‘m

than gns,.electrieity ‘or 18 ordinary lam g at

one:_ten_th the cost. For i omes. Stor- s, .11.,

,Churches. A child csn..csrry it. link 3 it.

lisht from common gasoline. No wicx. No

chimney. Absolutely {Alli}.





COSTS l CENT A NIGHT





We went one person in each locality to v horn

We can refer new customers. Toke sdvsnteze

of our SPECIAL FREE. TRIAL OFFER. Write

today. a AGENTS WeNTED. »



SUNSHINE SAFETY LAMP CO.

233 Factory Bldg.. Kansas City. Mo.





RSHADE o ‘

‘ROLLERS.

~wo.3'.‘.$'.l:‘.:fiz‘-.‘.’P°-"l‘.23.‘§.'.3 1-





irequl'ree 'no locks.f investor's »

.. signature on 'genuiue:

;. v ' e’





 





 

 





 





 

 

 





 

 





 





I





to distribute reunions litereture in your community,





sass-was... ""' ‘°"° ‘





one information. il- .





we'wm.rsyéxéiiiiiqsizmag -





 





__..
-.-———-——- A ‘0..-





 





 





 





.9 an o : x





2. sat-f 71.1914. ,. ; --





tan-13a" .~ ..-.*





UTILIZING THE Cl-lEAP c'urs 0F

~ MEAT. ’





 





The genius of the' French chef in

turning “everything , and anything"

into delectable dishes is recognized.

Now, the “little French chef” of the

housewife’s .kitchen is the meat-and

food chopper. It is your strongest

and best ally in putting Old General

High Price and his followers to rout.



The versaltility of the meat—and-

food Chopper is astonishing. You can

make everything from croquettes to

chicken and lobster salads, hash and

hamburg steak, down to minced meat,

sausage, scrapple and hogshead

cheese. You can cut codfish, clams,

peppers, cocoanuts, suet, tripe.‘ meat

for beef tea, corn for fritters, stale

bread and crackers for crumbs. You

can cut—perfectlyi—every kind of

meat, fish and vegetable, nuts, etc.,

that are “cuttable.’.’





Almost any kind of chopped raw

beef can be made quickly into a sav-

ory dish, simply by cooking it with

water, or with water and milk, for a

short time, then thickening with but-

ter and flour and adding different sea-

sonings—pepper and salt alone, or cel-

ery or tomato or onion juice. By

serving it on toast, with, say, a bor-

tier of rice, it will go even “further.”

New soups, salads, sandwiches, cro-

quettes, curries, combination meat

dishes, fruit and nut cakes and con-

fections will be at your command.





Grease the broiler carefully in or-

der that the cakes will not be pulled

to pieces by adhering to the wires of

the broiler. The small particles of

the chopped meat provide many pos-

sible outlets for the juice, so that one

should turn more rapidly than for a

steak. When broiling under gas, set

below a. smaller pan within a large

one; most of the juiCe and fat will

fall within thersmaller one, thus sav-

ing more of the gravy. ' ' ,

mumnmnuImIIumnmunummInnmnimmmmmmrmmnnmmnnmmnp





Grange.

EMUllll“llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllUllllllullllllllllllllllllllUllll





Our Motto—“The farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and should

be first improved.”





OCTOBER POMONA PROGRAMS.





UIIIEHHHHHHHUIM

llllllllllllllllllllllllllll





E





 





 





Co-operation was the main subject

discussed'at the Kent County Pomona

Grange, held with Kinney Grange on

Wednesday, October 8. ‘The forenoon

was taken up by a short business ses-

sion and work in. the: fourth degree.

The welcome was given by Hon. Hunt-

ley Russell, who said' that the Grang-

ers were the people who appreciate

the things of today. .He congratulat-

ed those who had taken the time to

come to Kinney Grange, and hoped

that all would enjoy the program

which the worthy lecturer had taken

so much time to prepare. : Bro. .Chas.

Godfrey, of Grattain. Grange, respond‘

ed in a most pleasing .way. A recess

was taken to enjoy the dinnerprovid~

ed by the ladies of Kinney Grange.

The afternoon meeting was called in

open session at two o’clock. Brother

Chas Allmand, of Cedar Springs, told

how he had made a success of raising

Orpingtons. He said three things

should be considered in raising fowls

for profit: First, the best kind to

raise; second, are‘ they suitable to

their surroundings; third, does the

market demand the kind raised? He

said that in 1912 and 1913 he sold

from 45 hens, besides what the family

used, $128 worth of eggs and fowls

each year. The subject was further

discussed by Bros. Keech, Norton,

and others.



Cooperation Among Farm Women

was a very able paper given by Mrs.

Leon Haybarker, 'of Sparta Grange.

She showed that co-operation means

much to the farmers. The old adage

about farmers never co—operating was

true because the women were left out.

Now that the women are coming to

the front they are proving that they

can beat the men in co-operation.

tall oaks from little acorns grow, so

grows .the social, mental, moral and

physical betterment of a cooperative

cornmunity much quicker than the

tall oak ws. She told of the farm

women Mdnltoba. land how they or-



niued‘aaco-operottvessoeiety-tor the-

sale of farm roducts, with headquar-

ters at Winn peg. Prof. Spragge, of





j__T_H E M I C_I.H,,IIGA N FAR M E R





the M. A. C. Experiment Station,

spoke on cooperation among stock

breeders, and crop growing. - He said

he was glad to be in this live commu-

nity, as it gave him new inspiration.

Too many times the farmers fer-get

the little things of today as there is

always so much to do at home. Cut

out the things that do not profit and

put in the things that are profitable.

We should like the work we do. Farm-

ers should co-operate and stick to-

gether. Have the best thoroughbreds

in the barnyard. He told how the

crops could be improved by keeping

the seed pure. Never send away for

something you know nothing of, but

test out and use the very best of

grains. He advised the farmers to

organize and co-operate. J. W. Span-

enburg, of the Sparta Grange, in his

paper told of the Rochedale plan of

co-operation. His idea of co-opera—

tion as he expressed it, is that the

individual give his efforts 'for the

whole and in every branch of trade

all work together. The farmers, he

said, 'are the most difficult to organ-

ize, but slowly they are learning to do

better. The farmer does more of the

work than the man who handles the

product, and there are altogether too

many agencies intervening between

producer and consumer. The Roche-

dale plan ori inated in England and

is known in t is country as the Right

Relationship League. He also men-

tioned the State Grange contract sys-

tem and how the State Grange re-

ceived two per cent on contracts.

Farmers should be loyal and co-oper-

ate.



A Royal Welcome was given the

Newaygo County Pomona by the Ens-

ley Grange on October 6, crowds com-

ing from all parts of the county. The





hall was packed in the afternoon. The

convention was called and all the

Granges in the county but one were

represented. The lecturer took up the

program and we thoroughly discussed

“Bean Diseases and their Control," E.

R. Clark taking up the subject. Mr.

Blandford said the only way to sup-

press disease was to hand-pick the

beans and be very careful in the se-

lection of your seed. On “The Most

Important Question Before the Public

Today," Mr. Blandford said there

were many, but looking from his view-

point thought the training of the boys

and girls for citizenship the most im-

portant. Miss I. M. Becker swung

out with her subject, “Progress in

Rural Education.” She began with

the grading of the country school and

went on up step by step to the stan-

dard school. This talk was full of

meat. When she stopped all wanted

to help correct school evils. On

the question “Shall we as a County

Encourage Boys’ and Girls’ to Enter

Agricultural Contests for Prizes and

Free. Trips ?” it was generally thought

to be a good thing: it encourages the

boys and girls to stay on the, farm.

Mrs. Frank Hillman read an amusing

paper on “How Much of a Husband’s

Business Should a Wife Know?" This

brought out an amusing discussion,

also the value of a bathtub and auto-

mobile. the automobile winning out.

Mr. Frank Hillman said in his ques-

tion that the two leading parties

would continue to be democrats and

republicans. The two leading issues

would be National Prohibition and

Woman Suffrage. Everyone coucurred

in this. J. H. Edwards, of Newaygo,

gave a splendid talk on the “Causes of

the War.” Race and greed were the

two principal factors, jealousy anoth-

812' Said " he did not think it would

benefit the American farmer either

way. Neil McCallum gave an instruc-

tive talk on the “Fire Blight- on Fruit

Trees." He advised close cutting and

applying a solution of carbolic acid

and water. The orchestra of Ensley

Grange furnished music the first day,

which was enjoyed by all, and played

in the evening for the young people

to dance. Ensley furnished music and

recitations and everything was done

for our delectation and enjoyment.—

Mrs. Wm. Roberts.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





Bellevue Grange held a successful

fair October 16-17-18, in Grange Hall

and the improvement club hall. The

Grange made a splendid display of ex-

hibits in their hail, while the busi-

ness men made their exhibits in their

own hall which adjoins. The ladies

of the Grange served a chicken-pie

supper Friday night to over 300 per-

sons in spite of the fact that it had

rained steadily all day and was still

pouring when they began to serve.





COMING EVENTS.





.Gratiot County Pomona Grange will

meet with Newark Grange, November

7. There will be a state speaker

present. . . . .



.The date of Oneida Grange fair and

exhibit is set for November.20. There

will be a large display, tancy;.work.

aprons, vegetables and i ve‘ stock.

chicken-pie supper will be served.





 





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@Nllmllllllllllillllllllll|llllllllllllll”HllllllIllIllIlllllMlIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfilllllllmllllfi





OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSO-

CIATION OF FARMERS” CLUBS.





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President—Jas. N. McBride, Burton.



Vice-president———J. F. Rieman, Flint.



Secretary-Treasurer—Mrs. C. .

Johnson, Metamora.



Corresponding Secretary—Mrs. J. S.

Brown, Howell.



Directors—Wm. T. Hill, Carson City;

Jerry Spaulding, Belding; R. J. Robb,





-Mason; Joseph Harmon, Battle Creek;





C. B. Scully, Almont; C. T. Hamline,

Alma.



Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. C. P. Johnson, Metamora, Mich.





 





' PREPARE FOR THE ANNUAL

MEETING.





 





Every local Farmers’ Club in the

state which has not previously given

consideration to this matter should at

once prepare to participate in the an-





nual meeting of the State Association-





of Farmers’ Clubs, which will be held

at Lansing during the early days of

December. The advantages which

come from afliliating with the state

organization are so many and varied

that it is unnecessary to here enu-

merate them for the benefit of local

club members. Suffice it to say that

the benefits derived are altogether out

of proportion to the cost of sending

one or two delegates to this meeting.

Delegates should be elected at the

November meeting by every local

Club in the state, and any proposition

which it is desired to present to the

annual meeting should be talked over

and reduced to writing so that it may

be promptly presented by the dele-

gates and be referred to the proper

committee during the early sessions

of the State Association which will

insure its fair consideration. Clubs

which have not heretofore sent dele—

gates to the State Association should

not longer centinue to neglect this

important advantage. Preparations

are now being made for an excellent

meeting by the executive committee,

and every indication points to a con-

tinuation of an unbroken record of

making every meeting better than any

of those which have preceded it,





FARMERS' CLUB FAIRS.





 





South Novesta Club.



It was a rainy day but South No-

vesta Farmers’ Club held their fair

just the same on October 16 at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. Jas. B. Thomas,

who entertained them well. The show

of Vegetables, grain and flowers was

all good. The idea of fruit will be

perceived when wetell of perfect ap-

ples 151/2 inches 1n circumference.

The rain kept our North Novesta

friends from the scene of action ex-

cept ngald McIntyre, who came with

a. chmce variety. When the vegeta-

bles were arranged for show, it was

discovered there was one selection

“minus”a cabbage. Then a member

came forward with the suggestion

that John McCracken take his place

on the platform as a substitute for a

cabbage head. When John was about

to accept the offer, one with pity in

his eye claimed a red-headed cabbage





faded by the frosts of time would





spoil the beauty of the selection,

hence that order of business was pass-

ed over.



The meeting was graced by the

presence of the new minister and his

wife, a friendly young couple from

across the “pond," and although the

Elder was brought up in London, he

takes easily to American ways for he

can now handle a piece of choice

pumpkin pie with the science of a

down east Yankee.



John McCracken offered to give a

one dollar Bible to any one showing

35 ears of corn that filled a bushel

basket and weighed 31 pounds, and





behold J. B. Thomas, our host, turned





the trick for he had the maize on the

ground.



A unanimous vote was taken to hold

a fair in October of each year. Night

began to throw its shadows before all





broke loose for home: then they went





moist but cheerful, well pleased with





A their first venture of 2. Farmers’ Club





There is no need to suffer the

annoying, excruciating pain of

neuralgia; Sloan’s Liniment laid

on gently will soothe the aching

head like magic. Don’t delay.

Try it. at once.





HoorWlIo‘tOdIms-v





“I have beans sufierer with Neuralgia

for several ears and have tried difierent

Liniments, ut Sloan's 1.111th In the

best Liniment for N euralgia on earth.

I have tried it successfully; It has never

failed."-—F. H. William. Augusta, Ark.



Mn. Ruth C. Claypool. Independence.

Ma. writes: “A friend of ours told.us

about your Liniment. We have been using

it for 13 years and think there is nothing

like it. We use it on everything, sores,

cuts, burns, bruises, sore throat, headaches .

and on everything else. We. can’t get,

along without it. We think it is the best

Linlment made."





SLOAN’S





LINIMENT _'





is the best remedy for rheumatism, ,

. backache, sore throat and sprains.





At all dealers. 25c.

Send four cents in stamps for o

TRIAL BOTTLE





 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





 





Dr. Earl S. Sloan, Inc.

Deptq 22- Philadelphia, Pa.





Beacon

Burner

,/ FITS YOUR 0L!) LAMP.

100 Candle Power Incandescent

' pure white light trom(kerosene coal

oil. Beats either gas or eleo city.

' cosrs-onm I can run 6 nouns

We want one person in each locality to

, whom we can refer new customers.

. Take advantage of our Special Offer to





~ secures Beacon Burner FREE. Write

‘ today. AGENTS WANTED.





 





 





   





 





 





 





EDISON





RECORDS I

BY MAIL l





Sent on Approval

The advantage of buying

our E d i I o n Cylinder

coords from us by mail is

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rivile of listening to them In your own home

rat. and for-{beautiful now can]? of the latest

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or more records and we ll pII)’ $116 Parcel PM

charges. The Blue Amberol 18 Mr. Edison's

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graph 00., 250 Woodwu Ava. Detroit. Mich.





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No smoke. dirt norodor. OverZOOstyles.

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Vacuum Gleaner FREE!

SEND NO MONEY!





Just send your name written plainly on a

he] card and learn by return mail how toast the

est Vacuum Cleaner on the market. without cou-

Inp you one oontl We are utting them out for

demonstrating urpoeea. unranteed 5 years.

lublolee econ wanted everywhere. Write today





Ion-r Vacuum Clo-or c... boot. on. Mulch.”





A P. of H. EMBLEM





For the Buttonhole.

fiandoomo mllod gold and enamel





Bast free for two a hoe on.

to the mailman“ militia

6! r kind. The





   

 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





a year. 0 to to

MICHIGAN FARMER,

DETROIT. MICK.





 





 

 





 





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Farm Commerce.





l|=‘||UlliiiillllllllllllllllllillllilllllillllllIMWMMWIWWWIWIHIIlllifllililiillifllllililllllflllililiilmiflllllllIlllllllllllflllllllllluullilllflflé





 





.......





The Handling of Market Milk.





ANY Michigan farmers are pro-

ducers of milk and they either

sell and dispose of it directly



to the consumer, or they sell to milk

dealers in some of the larger cities

where it is rehandled. Because of the

many complaints about’ the work of

the city milk dealer, the gist of a talk

given by Mr. Ernest Kelly, of the Uni-

ted States Department of Agriculture

at the National Dairy Show, will be of

interest to many Michigan milk pro-

ducers. Mr. Kelley is connected with

the Office of Markets and this agency

has been for some time studying the

details of milk distribution, together

with some of the economic factors in-

volved, which have something to do

with the great difference between the

prices paid to the producer and by the

consumer.



Wasteful Practices are Uneconomical.



The investigation showed that there

were a great many wasteful practices

connected with this work which may

be avoided by exercising the proper

care of the product when it is receiv-

ed in the city. There is on the aver-

age, about two per cent of the total

amount consigned, lost through slop-

page, evaporation, filling the bottles

too full before capping, breakage of

bottles, small amounts which were

left in the milk cans indefinitely, etc.

Again, many of the drivers in the cit-

ies make over each other’s territory

so much that this constitutes another

source of loss. When one considers

that there are about seven and one-

half million gallons of milk produced

annually in the United States, this

loss of two per cent, While it may

seem small in small quantities, it

amounts to a great deal when consid-

ered in connection with such a large

quantity.



It was also found in this investiga-

tion that the arrangements of machin-

ery in the bottling rooms and separat-

ing rooms had a great deal to do with

the efficiency of the plant and the

consequent price which the dealer had

to ask of the consumer if he was to

make these operations pay him. In

many cases, the milk had to be

conducted over 300 feet in pipes be-

fore it finally reached the bottles, and

this surely was uneconomical, to say

nothing of the uncleanliness which

must surely result. When milk deal-

ers will continue in such practices,

then the farmer or producer cannot

be truthfully blamed if milk does not

seem up to par when received by the

consumer. It has undergone contam-

ination through this means.



Methods of Buying Milk.



A practice which so many milk deal-

ers are still continuing in at the pres-

enti time is the buying of milk by the

gallon. The ordinary cans which are

sup-posed to hold ten gallons of milk

are not uniform in weight and the

milk which they hold was found to

vary all the way from 80 to 85.34 lbs.

with the average at about 83 lbs. This

does not do justice to either the milk

producer, the milk dealer or the con-

sumer. Milk production is a business

and should be treated as such, and

there is scarcely any business now

where the products are exchanged on

the measure plan. Milk, according to

Mr. Kelley, should be bought on the

weight basis.



Shipping facilities are at fault. As

was the case in one place where an

observation was taken, the milk ar-

rived at the destination with a tem-

perature of about 55 degrees F., and

it was set out on the steps of the sta-

tion for an hour and a half, and when

samples were taken by the federal

government, some of the milk was





found to have a temperature of 85 de-





grees F. How, then, can the consum— ,





er hope to secure .clean milk when





the milk dealers follow such practices -





as these? While these observations

do not prove the practice to be uni-

versal, yet they are so common that

some means should be taken to give

them publicity. Public opinion should

soon put a stop to this sort of work.





Lack of System Raises Price Paid by

Consumer.





Some of the plants investigated

were found to be woefully lacking as

far as adequate accounting methods

were concerned. Many of them had

no book-keeping system at all, while

that employed by others was so far





 





.....





sold the milk outright to the drivers





,and they- did their _ own coilecting;

Others give the driVers a bonus for 3:

pose this movement, are but a. hand»





the collections made before a certain

period has expired. It was recom-

mended that in each town where

there are ' several milkmen, they

should be perfectly honest about tak-

ing each other's bottles, and besides

this, there should be a' bottle ex-

change where odd bottles might be

returned to the owners.



Proper Equipment Lessens Produc-



' tion Cost. "



Some interesting data was collected

concerning the relative costs of hand-

ling milk with the various units of

equipment. It costs ' somewhat more

to prepare tWo pints of milk for the

consumer than one quart, and yet

there are few cities where two pints

sell'for more than a single quart. It

was found that the labor of washing

bottles ran all the way from one to

15 cents per hundred bottles. The

machine washers were very much

more economical as to cost, and when

washed by hand, 15 cents was about

the price that had to be paid. Com-





 





A Careful Study of One’s Products Gives Advantages in Marketing.





inadequate to the needs of the con-

cern that but little could be told as

to the true status of the business. Un-

questionably, such lax business meth-

ods would make for higher prices to

consumers. That is not all, however,

a concern that is so careless in the

administration of its business will

probably be careless as to how the

milk is handled. Inasmuch as milk is

one of the best culture mediums there

are for bacteria, public sentiment de-

mands that nothing but the best and

most painstaking care be given the

product.



An inadequate system of returning

milk collections by drivers was found.

Some plants in order to correct this,





parisons of the costs of filling and

capping the bottles were made and

machine costs were about 1.2 cents a

hundred, while hand-filling and cap-

ping ran about 9.2 cents per hundred

pounds. Where information was

available, it was found that glass bot-

tles lasted for all the way from six to

50 trips before their disappearance

and the average was 23 trips. A glass

bottle should last at least from 30 to

40 trips and the less the number of

trips, the greater the handling costs.

These points brought out by Mr. Kelley

are of interest to Michigan men, es‘

pecially those concerned in the mar-

keting phase of distribution.

Ingham Co. I. J. MATHEWS.





llIiIlllIlllIlllllllllillllllilllilllillIlllIIIIHIIllill||l||lililllllllllillillillillllllIlllllllll|I|llll|||IlllllllilllillliiiilIliillIlillllililllillliillllllllllllllilllillllllillllllllilllllllliillllllllllllllllllllllll||Ililll|illIlllillllllillllilllillilll

Some Phases of Co—operatlve Marketing.





farmers say something like this:



“When we wish to buy anything,

we pay the price quoted to us, and

when we wish to sell any farm pro-

duct, we must still abide by the price

that is offered. We do not have a

fair chance, and must give and take

the prices made by others, without

having any voice in the matter.”



In such remarks as the above, the

farmer means, of course, his business

relation to local dealers. He takes

his butter and eggs to market and

gets the price the dealer sees fit to

pay. He buys sugar or shoes, or

whatever he needs, and pays the deal‘

er’s price. The same is true with his

wheat, his hogs, and his cattle. He

takes the price offered by the local

buyer. It must be admitted, too, that

in these conditions, the, farmer has

some basis for complaint about an un-

equal chance.



But may we not find in these condi-

tions, as in most others, that the man





VERY often, the writer has heard





or class that is finding fault has the

power to make better the very condi-

tions concerning which complaint is

made? In the light of recent devel-

opments, is it not being proved that

the farmer himself is in no small

measure to blame for the unfair con-

dition mentioned? We think he cer-

tainly is. Co-operation as it is being

tried out in different localites n this

section, is proving conclusively that

the farmer has in his own hands, the

making of better prices for his pro-

duce. If he cannot fix his price, he

can at least ignore the local agent and

place his product on the market him-

self. The'elimination of this local

agent gives to the producer more

nearly than ever before, the real

worth of his product.



With increasing examples of the co-

operative idea working successfully, it

is up to the farmers to work out their

own salvation in this matter. Co—op-

erative shipping associations, co-oper-

gtive creameries, cooperative canner-





 





”017,191,; Q . '





ies and the ilke, can be formed in any .

The small ,class of stock- ‘





community.

buyers and other middlemen who op-





fill, and their opposition stands for

naught in a locality Where the farm-





‘ers are united. So long as the farm-





ers of any community are indifferent

or indolent or unwilling to sink petty





individual differences for the common. .

good, just so long will the class which ,





produces no,wealth, continue to live

at the expense of the farming class.





In Considering the phases of co-Op- .





oration, it would seem that there are

splendid opportunities for benefit

along this'line in fields not yet under-

taken. In the writer's section, certain

crops like cabbage and-tomatoes and

cucumbers, must be for the most part,

contracted months" ahead. Firms

which handle these products say this

step is necessary for their own wel-





fare, and often, growers not Contract-i





ing, run a risk of havmg the crop left





without a market, on their hands. Cor ‘-





operative krout mills, ,co-Operative

canneries, co-operative pickle factor-

ies—all these would be a. boon to

growers and give them a much larger

share of the profits. Often in contract-

ing, the grower gets a much lower

price than that quoted at the time the

crop is harvested. If his crop is a

light one and general conditions make

the prevailing price correspondingly

high, he must still abide by his con-

tract, and receive the price which is

profitable only in normal years. Co-

operative creameries and co-operative

shipping associations are proving a

grand success. Why not co-operation

in these other lines? Is it fair to find

fault with conditions which you your-

self, may help to remedy if youwill?

In co-operating that he may elimi-

nate the non-producers who take from

him a share of his hard-earned wealth

the farmer is only doing what has

been done in other lines of activity for

a long time. Nor does co-operation to

this extent, work hardship to the con-

sumer. The nearer the producer and

consumer get together, the better for

both. It is the men who stand be-

tween who make the enormous differ-

ence between the price received by

the producer and the price paid 'by the

consumer. Farmers in this section

who are members of co-operative as-

sociations, are enthusiastic. The un-

dertaking has proved so far, satisfac-

tory beyond expectation. The field in.

which the co-operative movement can

be applied would seem to be almost

unlimited. It would seem, too, Judg-

ing from successful beginnings, that

the co-operative idea is to be the

greatest factor in the economic devel-

opment of the future. If you have

faith in the movement, get together

and work for it. There is nothing like

a good, fair trial in testing the utility

and soundness of any movement.

Hillsdale Co. J.‘ A. KAISER.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





A very few sales of fancy feeding

cattle have been made recently in the

Chicago stock yards at prices far

above the market. Not long ago N.

Christianson, Illinois, had the courage





,to pay $8.65 per 100 lbs. for a car—





load of high-bred Angus steers that

averaged 1291 lbs. They carried con-

siderable flesh and were taken out for

a short feed. It was decidedly the

highest price paid this season for that

description of cattle, and they would

have sold for at least 75c per 100 lbs.





more a few weeks ago, being good

killers.



Adverse industrial conditions, re-

sulting in large numbers of unemploy-

ed men, are responsible for much of

the greatly lowered consumption of

beef throughout the country. This is





especially felt in the case of medium ‘





and plain quality beef, while the scant





supply of choice to prime steers in;





the markets of the country is so small

that such kinds are selling as a gen-

eral rule, at steady prices, being very

much higher than a year ago. At that

time beef steers were selling in the

Chicago market at an extreme range





of $7 @960. Four years ago the range





was $4. 60_@7. 90.





\.
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. ...“_-- a... .





 





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NOV. ‘3. 1911.

no.1“ is raw-2s





”come OUR-“9309013“.





 





The threadworn saying, ‘There is

plenty of room at the top,” is as true

of the maxan offarm products as

of the positions of life. Good products

are the last to suffer during business

depression. consequently the man who

produces the best is certain to have

shorter seasons of “hard times” than

he who furnishes inferior products.



But in the effort to reach the top

one cannot afford to have a single

season when the quality of his goods

is below par. Every allotment must

sustain the reputation of all former

ones; there can be no exceptions. The

man who aspires to lead in his line

must be consistent and have every

transaction aid him in the tip-hill

climb. . ,



In order to make every transaction

satisfy, the producer. cannot work in

a promiscuous manner. - He must fol-





low a, program leading more or less.





directly to the results sought. And

such a program can be mapped only

after gaining a' thorough understand-

ing of the products we are to have for

sale andof the market to be served.-

_Now there are two general ways of

improving the demand for farm pro-

ducts: One is to increase the apps

tite of the prospective buyers for the

products, either by educating those

who are now buying, or by going to

a market where the buyers are so ed«

ucated; and the other is to grow a

product that suits present needs. In

either instance the attempt is to have

the product satisfy a real desire.

Where one is to educate the appe-

tite of prospective buyers or seeks a

market where the people are craving

for the product for sale, he must act

wittingly. What are the merits of

this product? Wherein does the tastes

of these people fail to appreciate its

desirable qualities? Is it the fault of

the people or of the goods? Can

their tastes be changed or must a bet-

ter grade or variety of goods be

grown? Would a little publicity work

help them to realize the pleasure and

profit there are missing through their

failure to buy? Would more careful

grading, better packing, neater con-

tainers, differentjsized units, assist?

A more comprehensive knowledge of

the uses of the product, would that

widen the demand? These and other

questions the grower should put to

himself and then in his work of grow-

ing, handling andseliing, at his desk

and wherever he may go, he should

seek to answer them. A great deal of

patience will be needed and much

trouble encountered before the an-

swers will be satisfactory. Neverthe-

less, this is the straight and narrow

way that leads to the top. But once

a careful survey has been made, the

producer will be put in possession of

valuable marketing information. Be-

sides helping him to a better under-

standing of the possibilities in selling

his products, a careful study of the

soil, the climatic and marketing con-

ditions. that he must meet, will give

to his particular line of business an





interest that will make life and work





much more worth while.

Wayne Co. A. H.





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllll"IIll"MlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllll

Crop and'Market Notes.





Michigan.



Emmet 00.. Oct. 27.—The weather

has been favorable for fall crops.

Corn ripened well and the yield is

much better than the average. The





acreage of wheat sown is much larger,





than usual, and is going into winter in

excellent condition. The acreage of

beans was larger than usual, and the

yield and quality above the average.

Apples are good but market unsatis-

factory. Potatoes are large and of

good quality, but the price offered is

25@30c, and farmers are storing the

greater share of the crop.



'Gratiot 60., Oct. 20,—The. drouth

which prevailed through September

was bmken by. rains in October, but

too late to save.the early sown wheat.

August-sown w shows the ravages

of the Hessian fly, but latessown loo





31:9.





 





‘Ocrn is a good

Farmers pay four and. a quarter cents





mod, widths acreage is. large. Beans;

yielding. light and, Dick. heavy...





1211.12. M; .c H I

‘mp.and- ripened Well.





per bushel and board fer basking. Ap-

ples are plentiful and the .- market is





.slow. There seems to be more hogs





than last season. Beans $2; wheat

98c; eggs 21c. , ' ‘

Ottawa 60., Oct. 26.—Corn, beans





and potatoes are yielding well but not





heavily. Clover seed is a small crop.

Agples plentiful but quality is poor.

T» ere is an increased acreage of

wheat and re, and it is looking good.

The price of live stock, especially of

hogs, is falling ad on account of the

quarantine.



Washtenaw 60., Oct. 24.———The rains

last week while injuring corn in the

shock, benefited the wheat, which has

made a rapid growth; .a large acreage

was put in. Beans averaging around

10 bushels per acre. Not much clover

seed. Apples a good crop. The re-

cent slump in hogs was discouraging,

as many have been fatted on high-

.priced grain, and farmers were oblig-

ed to sell rather than continue feed-

ing after the hogs are ready for the

market. Hogs $7; butt-er 30@350;

eggs 24c; potatoes 350; apples 500

per bushel.



New Jersey.



Morris Cm, Oct. 21.—The usual

acreage of wheat and rye was sown.

Some farmers who started to plow

late were compelled to quit on ac-

count of. the drouth, which is the

worst we have had in years, but was

broken a few days ago by a nice rain.

Corn is a good crop, and some is be—

ing husked now. Potatoes were a

heavy yield and are selling at ‘75@

85c per bushel. Apples were an extra

good crop. Wheat $1.10; rye 850;

com $22 per ton; buckwheat 900;

eggs 38c; butter 340.





New York.





Niagara (30., Oct. 22.—Corn is turn

ing out fairly well. Potatoes look

promising, though few have been dug

yet. Beans are good, but not so many

planted as last year. There is little

clover seed. Apples are a good crop

and finely colored. About one-tenth

of farm land has been sown to wheat,

but very little rye sown. Live stock

is in good condition, though there is

not much stock. for sale. Wheat $1;

oats 50c: rye 93c; corn 85c; flour

$6.50 per bbl; butterV32c; eggs 300;

apples $1.45@1.50 per bbl; pears $1.50

per bushel; sugar 7%c; hogs $7.50;

calves $10; lambs $7.



hio.



Hardin 00., Oct. 27.—Husking corn

is the order of the day, though it is a

little'green to crib yet. About the us-

ual amount of fall grain sown, and is

looking fine. Not many apples. Po-

tatoes are a fair crop, selling for 50

cents. Many hogs are being fed, and

buyers are offering $7. Some hay is

being marketed at $10.



Harrison Co., Oct. 27.—The weather

is cool with first frost on October 26.

The fall has been warm, with ‘show-

ers, so everything looks good. Wheat

made a fine growth and will go into

Winter in good shape. Stock of all

kinds is in good condition, quite a lot

of sales, and stock of all kinds selling

high. Corn will yield from 25 to 50

bushels per acre. There is not much

clover seed. Apples are a good crop,

and great quantities of older are be-

ing made. There are no potatoes

grown for sale. Wheat $1; new corn

60c; eggs 30c; butter 300; potatoes

$1 per bushel; pears 500 per bushel;

apples 35c per bushel.



Medina 00., Oct. 26.—Farmers are

beginning to husk corn, which is a

fair crop. The potato crop is the

largest in years. There are few ap-

ples. A little more than the usual

acreage of wheat was sown, and is

looking fine. There is no clover seed.

Live stock, especially ho s, plentiful

and in good condition. eef 6@80.;

pork 7c; wheat $1.10; oats 42c; corn

70c;, apples 60c; potatoes 400; eggs

28c; butter 300.



Warren 60., Oct. 27.—The first kill-

ing frost came on the 26th. Wheat is

all sown, and early sowing looking

fine. There was a somewhat larger





acreage of wheat, and less rye. Pota— 28





toes harvested, and a small crop;

many carrloads of potatoes are being

shipped in. No onions, beans or clo-

ver seed. Live stock is going into

winter quarters in fine condition, as

fall pastures have been very good.

Few cattle for sale, but many hogs

being marketed. Hog cholera has

made great inroads on many farms.

Winter apples are a short crop. Hogs

$7; cattle $6.75; corn 65c; wheat $1;

oats 50c; butter‘30c; eggs 30c; spring

chickens 11c; apples $3 per bbl; pota-

toes 75c per bushel.



Hancock 00., 'Oct. 22.—Wheat and

rye all in and looking line; about the

usual acreage sown. Farmers busy

basking corn, which is yielding 30 to

60 bushels per acre. Late potatoes

extra good. Clover seed is nearly all

threshed, yield fair. Plenty of fall

pasture, and stock is in good condi-

tion. About the usual number ,ofcat-





ks tie will be fed. Hogs scarce and





in price. Some cholera is. reported.

Wheat $1; earn 51 per out: cats 43::





\





GAN'FAWRMER,





rye 75c: barley" 48c; butter 25c; eggs

24c; chickens 11c; ducks 11.0. ,1



" indlana.



Lagrange 00., Oct. .20.——The corn.

crop is yielding about 60 per cent of-

normal. Late potatoes are an excel-

lent crop, and a good many are for

sale. Not many beans were grown

and .the price is very good. Clover

seed is very scarce. Very few apples;

not much wheat was sown on account

of the injury done last year by the‘

Hessian fly. Many acres of rye was

ready for market. The cattle have

good pasture and are looking fine.

none for sale. Wheat $1.05; oats 440;

old com 700; hogs $7.25; steers $7;

Winter apples 900; onions 300: eggs

25c; butter 30c. :



Laporte 00., Oct. 22.——Wheat and

rye- were sown late, but are making a

good growth. Corn is not husked.

Potatoes are a fair crop. and sell for

40c per bushel. Apples light crop and:

quality poor. Stock is healthy, and a.

great many hogs are being fed, but;

none shipped yet.



Elkhart 00., Oct. 22.——Weather is

warm, with no frost. A large acreage

of wheat and rye was sown, is up and

looking fine. Hogs are doing well

with no cholera. Two adjomlng coun—

ties are quarantined for contagious

foot and mouth disease, and large

numbers of animals are being condem-

ned and slaughtered. .



:Daviess 00., Oct. 26.—Corn is good

average crop. Late potatoes good;

the onion crop better than average.

Beans and clover seed a failure. Ap-

ples good. A large acreage of wheat

and rye is being sown. All kinds of

live stock somewhat scarce but in

good condition, owing to the 00d fall

pasture. Corn 550; wheat 1; hogs

7111c; cattle 7c; butter 25c; eggs 22c;

chickens 12c; potatoes 80c; apples $2

per bbl; onions 35@500 per bushel.



Illinois. .



Marion 00., Oct. 26.—Very little

corn raised here this year, and many

farmers put their whole crop 1n $110.

Potatoes are a failure. No beans, on-

ions or clover seed. Apples few and

quality poor. A large acreage of

wheat is being sown and though some

is late it is getting a good growth.

Fall rains made pastures good. Not

many cattle and bogs are being kept,

as most farmers have to buy feed.

There is no grain being marketed.

Cattle $6@7; hogs $7@7.75; Winter

apples 50c per bushel; eggs 230; but-

ter 250; chickens 110.





lowa.



Osceola 00., Oct. 26.—Plowing is all

done, and the threshing season Will

be finished in a few days. No frost

yet, pastures are good for the time

of year, and live stock is in good con-

dition. Corn is yielding from 45 to 70

bushels per acre, and ripened up hard

and dry, as the fall has been most

favorable for maturing. New corn ls

quoted at 60c; oats 40c; barley 55c;

butter-fat 290; eggs 19c; hay $10.



Missouri. .



Vernon 00., Oct. 26.—Weather 1s

very cool, first frost October 25. Earm-

ers are still sowing wheat, of which a

large acreage is being put in. Corn

is yielding on an average 25 bushels.

No potatoes to speak of. Live stock

is in fine condition, and farmers have

plenty of grain and roughage. Corn

60c; wheat 97c: oats 400; potatoes

750; ha $7; hogs $6.50; chickens 100:

butter 0c; eggs 17c; sweet potatoes

500 per bushel; apples $1 per bushel.



Polk 00., Oct. 24.—Wheat sowing is

later than usual on account of Hes-

sian fly, which has ravaged some early

Wheat. The acreage of wheat is some-

what smaller than last year; 20 per

cent of corn cut and in shock or silo.

No frost yet, and stock doing well on

pasture. Horses selling better than a

month ago; hogs cheaper.



Nebraska.



Knox 00., Oct. 26.—We have had a

fine fall with no frost until Oct. 24.

Corn is averaging 15 to 20 bushels per

acre. Potatoes, beans and onions are

a fair crop. There are not many ap-



les. Live stock looks fine. Hogs



6.10; new corn 460; oats 350; wheat

900; eggs 200; butter 25c; butter-fat

c





Otoe 00., Oct. 26.—Weather is fine,

with plenty of moisture and no killing

frost. Wheat all sown now, though

farmers held back their seeding on

account of Hessian fly. Not much rye

sown. Corn husking is about to com-

mence, yield 15 to 35 bushels per acre

and of good quality. Potato crop good,

best in years. Apples scarce in some

localities, though .of good quality

where orchards were sprayed. Some

hog cholera reported. Not many sur-

plus cattle; a few horses sold at $75

@150 each; milch cows $756390; hogs

$6; potatoes 65c per bushel; apples,

hand-picked $1: new corn 35c; cream

280 lb; eggs 19c; butter 306.

Colorado. ,

Kit Carson 00., Oct. 25.——Weather

fine though somewhat dry; Lots of,

wheat and rye sown. Corn yield is

good, potatoes and beans gmd; clover

seed poor: apples scarce and are be-

ing shipped in. Live stock is in good

condition, and a great many are being.





 





23—411





 





 





 





Flavor ,

do sou bring it out—#- ,

or lzill it?





s“





 





. HEN used for curing

'_ meat pure Worcester

Salt makes the “flavor—com-

pelling” brine.





It stays clear-as-crystal and is free

from the scum and “ropiness” you

get with ordinary salt. Meat pack-

ers whose brands are famous for

‘ ‘flavor’ ’ use nothing but Worcester

Salt. Get that flavor yourself. Use





WORCESTER

SALT





The Salt with the Savor





Worcester Salt is best for butter

mixing because its fine, even crystals

dissolve at once. Its sweetness

makes for fine flavor.



For farm and dairy use, Worcester

Salt is put up in 14- lb. muslin bags and

in 28 and 56 lb. Irish linen bags. Get

a bag from your grocer.



Write for booklet “Curing Meats on



the Farm." Sent free on request.





WORCESTER SALT CO.





Lam” Producers of High GradaSalt inqu World

NEW YORK





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Was One of the

Worst Cases of





CLUB F [El





On Record!





_ The case was that of Frances

Campbell, 13 years old, daughter of

Mrs. J. A. Campbell, 3819 Western

Parkway. Louisville. Kentuc .

‘ The upper photograph shows exact

_ how her feet looked July 7,1913 when

' shecame to us for treatment. Notice

pl tthaln: bthey wgre TtlYislbed nearly com-

eey ac war. e wer hotosropb

shows the feet as they new;J

afipear after treatment at

t is Sanitarium. This de- ~3 ' -

formlty was corrected with- ' ' ‘

out Chloroform, Ether or

any General Anesthetic.

Plaster Paris was not used.

Write Mrs. Campbell. The /





LC. McLain "

Orthopedic

"Sanitarium





is a. private institution, devoted ex-

clusxveiy to the treatment of crippled

and (is armed conditions, especially

of children and young adults.



Write ‘us freely regarding Club

Feet. S_ ma] Diseases or Deformities,

Infant: 3 Paralysis, Hip Disease,

Bow Legs, Knock Knees, Wry Neck,

etc. We Will send you descriptive

literature and advise you fully. Ex-

patients as references everywhere.





THE L. c. McLAIN

Orthopodlc Sanitarlum

014mm Ave. St. Louis





 

 

 

 

   





 

   

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

   





 





 

   





 





 

 

 

 





'Beuoene ,





 





 





at

._4





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





r

e ' ‘“ ”

”ad if! 4’ " ’-

' ~ "My: steelowir ‘1‘}



.p ' e. eav-

x1 . I‘ fly gaignlzex by our 8. B. S



' claiAnal sis Treatment. Strong kn

hold wires firm y. No slipping—no 33mg.

Over :00 styles for every use. Also lawn fences

and ates. Buy direct from mill—buy from

Blrmin am, the now hem-col stool Industr-

Wx-lte or catalogue. sample and prices.





E'Blnnln 11' ll fin "

“.2...” 2s- .





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





(Continued on page 412). l





 





 





 





 





' , Pine. 1'0 1.1.1.5]



' . {ma-:1 Egg-2:" :1

mmsmwa



mum-0min“... new. a“



m 49 antenna. 02%
' easier.





412 —-24





EHMWWWWWHIWWWWW





Markets. ‘





lllllllllllllllllllIlllllllIlllllllllllllllllIllIllllllIl|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllE

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





llllllllllllllllllllllll





£5—

E

Em





 





November 3, 1914.





THE MICHIGAN FARME‘R .~

better Ywith prices steady at $17@19

Derwtonni‘ , ~ ~



' (THE. LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





DAIRY 'AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butters—Market is'flrm at prices" 1c

higher thanla'st week. on all gr de’s.

Extra creamery 31c; firsts 29c;' airy

20c; packing stock 19c 'per lb. - .



Chicago—Market steady with pric-

es on all grades advanced abOut 20.

Supply is light and prices are well

maintained. Extra creamery 32%c;

extra firsts 30@3lc; firsts»27@29c;

seconds 24@26c; packing stock 20%





 





Wheat—The wheat trade has 1301- @ 1





lowed the lead of the bulls this past

week. Prices rule higher with the

tendency still upward. This has hap-

pened in the face of extremely heavy

selling throughout the winter wheat

states of the country. Urgent buying

by foreign countries makes possible

this favorable condition for American

wheat growers. Last week practically

nine-tenths of the world’s shipments

came from North America, but despite

the 9,000,000 bushels sent across the

Atlantic, the visible supply for the

United, States shows an increase of

2,274,000 bushels. With these two fac-

tors working it is little wonder that

prices are fluctuating over so wide a.

range. Millers are also active buyers.

One year ago the price for No. 2 red

wheat was 94%0 per bushel. Quota.-

tions are as follows:





No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. Dec.



Wednesday . . .. .1.11 1.08 1.14

Thursday ...... 1.11% 1.08% 1.14%

Friday ......... .13 1.10 1.16%

Saturday . . . .. . .1.13 1.10 1.16%



Monday . . . . . ...1.14 1.11 1.17



Tuesday ...........

Chicago, (Nov. 2) .——No. 2 red,

$1.13@1.14%; Dec., $1.16%; May





$1.22%c.



Germ—Notwithstanding a general

impression that the corn yield for the

country will exceed the October esti-

mates of the federal government, last

week’s prices have not only been

maintained, but a fractional advance

made. The firm sentiment is due in

part to the strong position of wheat

and also to export buying of corn it-

self. The receipts of the grain are

limited, visible supply showing prac-

tically no change for the week. The

local demand is firm and receipts are

small. One year ago No. 3 corn was

quoted at 74%c per bushel. Quota-

tions are as follows:





No. 3 No. 3

Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday ......... 75 77

Thursday ........... 5 ‘77

Friday ............. 7 5% 77 %

Saturday ........... 76 78

Monday ............ 76 % 78 %

Tuesday .. ........... 76% 78%

Chicago, (Nov. 3) .—No. 2 yellow

corn 75@75%c; Dec., 691/30; May,

71%c.





0ats.—This cereal failed to gain in

price, despite the continued demand

from foreign buyers and the strength

of corn and wheat. There has not

been a large amount of dealing on the

local market, and sellers here seem to

be quite plentiful. One year ago stan-

dard oats were quoted at 42%c per





bushel. Quotations are as follolvgs : 3



0.



Stan dard. White.



Wednesday ......... 51 50%

Thursday ........... 49 % 49



Friday ............. 50 49 %



Saturday ........... 50 49 %



Monday ............ 50 49 %



Tuesday ............ . . . . . .



Chicago, (Nov. 3) .——Standard oats,



48% @481/20; Dec., 491/10; May 53%0.





Rye.—This grain is firm at 95c for

No. 2, which is 20 higher than last

week.



Beans—Trading is active with pric-

es higher and demand good. Detr01t

quotations are: Immediate and No-

vember shipment $2.30. Chicago.—

Market is firm. Demand is good for

pea beans. Pea beans, hand-picked,

choice, are quoted at $2.40@2.50;

common at $2.25@2.35; red kidneys,

choice at $3.25@3.50.



Clover Seed.——Market is quiet and

easy. Prices are steady. Prime spot

quoted at $8.90; December $9; March

$9.20: prime alsike sells at $8.60.



Toledo.—Prime cash $8.95; Decem-

ber $9.05; March $9.25; prime aISIke

$8.40.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





FIour.—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detr01t

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Rest

patent $6.20; second $5.80; straight

$5.35; spring patent $6.50; rye flour

$5.60 per bbl. 1 -



Feed—In 100-1b. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $24: standard middlings

$25; fine middlings $32; coarse corn.

meal $32; corn and oat chop $28 per

ton.



Hay.——Carlots on track at Detroit

are: New, No. 1 timothy $15.50@16;

No. 2, 13.50@14; No. 3, $11@12.



Chicago.—Choice grades are in good

demand and firm, While common is

Choice timothy $16.50@17.50;

16; No. 2, $12.50@13.



8; oat

7@7.50





 





No. 1, $15



Straw.— teady. Rye $7.50

straw $7@7.50; wheat straw

per ton.





- try for any





2 c.

Elgin.—-Sold at 32c which is a raise

of %c over last week.

Poultry.———Supply and demand both

light, with little change in prices.

Springs 13@14c; hens 13@14c; ducks

14@14%c; young. ducks 14‘@14%c;

geese 13%@14c; turkeys 19@20c.

Chicago.——-All _

have advanced, turkeys being 20 high

er than last week. Trading is good

notwithstanding liberal receipts. Quo-

tations on live are: Fowls 10%@1lc;

spring chickens 12%c; ducks, good

stock 13%c; guinea hens, per dozen

$3.50; young guinea hens $2 4; tur-

keys 15c; geese 12@13c per 1..

Eggs.—Market firm with prices ad-

vanced 20. Fresh stock sells at 270

per dozen; current receipts 25%c.

Chicago—A firm feeling exists at

prices advanced about 30 over last

week. Fresh supply is light and stor-

age stock is being drawn on.

laneous lots, cases included 18@26,%c

per dozen; ordinary firsts 24%@250;

firsts 26%@27c.





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Fruits.—-Pears, Bartletts, $1.75@2

per bu; Keiffers 50@60c; grapes 17@

180 for blue, per 8-lb. basket.



Chicago.—Pears, Keiffers $1.75@2

per bbl; quinces $2@4 per bbl. $1@

1.40 per bu; black grapes 10@180 per

8-lb. basket.



Vegetables.——’Home - grown cabbage,

75c@$1 per bbl; new beets 60@65c

per bu; radishes $1@1.25 er hundred

bunches; tomatoes $1.25@, .50 per bu;

onions 70c per 100 lbs. in bulk.



Potatoes.-—Michigan 45@48c per

bushel in carlots, 50c‘per bushel in

sacks; carlots $1.25@1.30 per sack;

at Chicago Michigan white, bulk, are

quoted at 35@45c per bushel.



Apples.-—-Supply is liberal_and de-

mand is fair. Average receipts 50@

75c per bu; $1.50@2.50 per bbl. .



Chicago.—Fancy goods are in fair

sale and steady. Much of the barrel

stock is not choice and not wanted;

bulk stock being preferred. Baldwms

$1.75@2; Kings $2.25@2.50; Wagen-

ers $2@2.25; Jonathans $3.50@4;

Greenings $2@2.25; Northern Spy

$2.50@2.75; Twentyoounce $2.25@2.50;

bulk apples 30@70c per 100 lbs., ac-

cording to quality. Western box ap-

ples are selling for 80c@$1.50 per box.





WOOL.





A strong market continues, with

prices firm and the tendency upward

on certain active grades. Just what

influence the embargo placed on Aus-

tralian wools by the British govern-

ment will have cannot be foreseen, al-

though the general belief is that it

will hasten advances for domestic

wools on this side. Prohibiting

Australian wools coming to this coun-

considerable length of

time is quite certain to bring an acute

demand for our domestic stores. The

situation will increase South Ameri-

can importations. This, however, will

probably supply our trade only in part

so as to allow holders of wool to

make prices. There is a general be-

lief that much wool is being bought

in this country for shipment to Ger-

many and Austria. Sales for the past

week at Boston aggregated 4,250,000

pounds. Michigan unwashed delaines

are quoted at 27@28c: do. combing

23@29c; do. clothing 22@26c.





GRAND RAPIDS.





Potatoes are bringing_35@40c on

the city market here, while the .price

paid at outside loading stations is .be-

low 300. Many potatoes are being

stored. Apples have a wide range,

bringing from 25c up almost to the

$1 mark for fancy stock in small lots.

Eggs are worth 25@270; dairy butter

23c. Live poultry quotations this week

are: Fowls and chickens 10c; roost-

ers 8c; ducks 10c; geese 100; turkeys

16@17c. Grain prices are unchanged.

Hay is a little higher, bringing $12

@14.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





The market was active Tuesday

morning with a large number of buy-

ers and farmers present. Prices are

being well maintained. Since farmers

have rounded up their fall work the

delivery of potatoes, apples and other

crops has become the order. Potatoes

rule steady at 50c. Apple prices range

from 45c@$1 per bushel with supply

ample; cabbage 25c: beets 30c; car-

rots 35c; parsnips 50c; onions 750'

cauliflower 5c er head; celery 25@

35c for large unches, accordin to

quality. Loose hay is coming ong





. kinds except geese .





Miscel-.





 





Buffalo.

November’2, 1914.

(Special Report of Dunning & Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

_ Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts here toda as follows: Cat-

tle 250 cars; hogs 40 d. d.; sheep

and lambs 85 d. d.; calves 1000' head.

.' With 250 cars of,cattle on our mar-

ket here today, everything was well

cleaned up and tonight there is but

little if anything left over in the yards

unsold. All the cattle showing qual-

ity and fat sold fully 15@-25c per cwt.

higher than last Monday. There is

considerable excitement‘here now as

to the foot and mouth disease and

some of the best houses here fear that

our yards will be quarantined in the

very near future; however, it is best

not to cross the bridge until we get

to it. The market closed. steady and

the outlook for the remainder of the

week is quite good. -



We had a liberal run of hogs today

about 140 double decks all told. Our

opening trade was rather slow, but

with rumors of the Chicago yards be-

ing closed, owing to quarantine, the

late trade was more active and a fair-

ly good clearance was made, the bulk

of the hogs going to eastern slaught-

erers. One or two decks of selected

hogs sold at $7.75, but the bulk of the

best changed hands at $7.70; pigs

generally $7.50; rougher $6.50@6.75;

stags $6@6.50. Conditions at present

time are rather uncertain, but we

think our outside outlet will be quite

good and we look for at least a steady

market the balance of this week.



The market was active today on

lambs and sheep, with prices quarter

lower ‘on lambs than the close of last

week; choice handy lambs selling at

$8.15@8.25. We look for steady prices

last of the week.



We quote: Lambs $8.15@8.25; cull

to fair $6@8; yearlings $6@6.50;

bucks $3@4.25; handy ewes $5.25@

5.50; heavy ewes $4.75@5; wethers

$5.75@5.90; cull sheep $3.50@4.25;

veals, choice‘to extra $11@-11.50; fair

Eggood $9.50@10.50; heavy calves $6





 





Chicago.

November 2, 1914.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..21,000 35,000 38,000

Same day 1913..22,012 38,142 49,190

Last Week ..... 48,566 137,923 156,173

Same wk 1913...66,166 144,697 192,784





The announcement early this morn-

ing that the stockyards of Chicago

and other leading markets of the

country were quarantined against all

kinds of live stock and’that no re-

ceipts or shipments from here would

be permitted by the federal govern-

ment until the yards were disinfected

caused great surprise. At first prices

were lower for hogs and to some ex-

tent for lambs and sheep, but later

hogs advanced sharply, and there was

a firm sheep market, While cattle

prices were irregular—~partly steady

and in part weak to lower: Late

prices for hogs were quoted as much

the same as on Saturday. How long

it will take to cleanse the stockyards

of infection, no one knows, but no

business islikely to be done for many

days. Hogs marketed last week av-

eraged 225 lbs., the lightest average

so far reported.



Cattle experienced such large reduc-

tions in prices for the rank and file

of the offerings in recent weeks be-

cause of excessive receipts that coun-

try shippers sent in greatly decreased

supplies last week, and this resulted

in good rallies. Week before last the

receipts reached the great number of

65,473 head, starting off with a Mons

day run of 30,000, and when the week

closed sales were made of the general

run far below prices paid at the high

time a few weeks earlier. About the

only exceptions to the downward

course of the market for recent weeks

were the better class of long-fed

choice beeves and fat little yearlings,

these being scarce with receipts

mostly made up of cattle from grass,

including rangers, as well as natives.

The materially lessened offerings last

week made buyers more ready to take

hold, and at the advanced prices, the

bulk of the beef steers sold at $8.25@

10.25, the extreme range being $6.40

@11. The better class of corn-fed

steers went at $10@11, with a good

class bringing $9.50 and over and a

medium class taken at $8.65@9.45.

The steers sold at $6.40@8.60 com-

prised a poor to fair class of light to

moderate weights, grassers predomi-

nating. Western range steers sold at

$7.50@10, while native butcher lots of

cows and heifers found buyers at $5

@925, with a sale of 26 fancy Angus

and Shorthorn yearlings heifers that

averaged 900 lbs. at $10. The most

desirable. earling steers sold at $9.50

@1080. utters went at $4.60 4.95,

canners at $3.25@4.55 and bu Is at

$4.50@7.70. The stacker and feeder

trade was fairly active at the advanc-





ed prices, the ‘r'rec'eipts. bein much

smaller. Stockers, sold at. ~ 67.50,

feeders at $5.90@8.25, with a sale of

28vHerefords that averaged '606 lbs.





‘ at $8.50, stocksteer calves at $7.25@8





and stock and feeding cows and heif-

ers at $4.75@6.50. .Prevalence of foot

and mouth disease in several counties

of. Michigan and Indiana checked

shipments there. Calves sold at $5@

11 and milch cows at $60@95 each.

Advances of 25@50c occurred in beef

cattle during the week, ’ including

steers, cows and heifers. '





Hogs experienced some advances in.





prices last week, followed by declines,

with no heavy receipts and a moder-

ate eastern shipping demand. Sur-

roundings of the market have not

changed radically, but there is a grow-

ing impression that prices have about

reached their lowest. It has been a

great fall in values since August,

when hogs sold up to $10.20 for the

best. And the decline has taken place

in spite of the face that since March

1 the number of hogs slaughtered at

western packing points has ran 2,—

118,000 head below the number killed

a year ago. Fast declining prices for

hogs has resulted in owners shipping

them much lighter in weight, and re-

cent receipts averaged but 228 lbs.,

comparing with 254 lbs. late last Aug-

ust and with 249 lbs. four years ago,

when hogs sold at $7.65@8.95. The

range of prices has narrowed greatly,

with choice weighty hogs going high-

est. Cold weather has improved the

demand for fresh pork products, as

well as the cash demand for cured

hog meats, although the southern de-

mand is poor. Recent sales of hogs

were at much lower prices than in

most recent years. The week closed

with hogs selling at $7.10@7.65, com-

paring with $6.90@7.60 a week ear-

lier, while pigs brought $5@7.25. Hogs

weighing 220 to 290 lbs. sold highest,

with prime light hogs about 150 below

the top figures.



Sheep and lambs may be expected

to do better for their owners from

now on, and already decidedly higher

prices have been paid for desirable

flocks, with greatly lessened receipts

compared with those seen only a few

weeks ago. Receipts were made up

last week largely of range lambs from

Montana and Wyoming. including a

good many feeders, as well as feed-

ing ewes and yearlings with a very

good representation of native lambs

and ewes. At the close the fat

lambs sold 35@‘500 higher than a

week earlier, with sheep 25@40c high-

er. Lambs sold at $6@8.20, feeder

lambs at $6@7.25, yearlings at $5.75@

7, feeding yearlings at $5.65@6.25,

wethers at $5.50@6.25, ewes at $3.50

@550, feeding ewes at $3.85@4.60,

breeding ewes at $5@6.50 and bucks

at $3.50@4.25.



Horses were plentier and in better

demand last week at generally un-

changed prices. Second—hand city

work horses were sold in the ring at

$42.50@112.50 per head, while com-

mercial chunks brought $160@210 for

1300 to 1400-1b. weights, with 1500 to

1600-lb. horses salable at $185@250.

Army horses sold at $100@135 for rid-

erds and at $150@17 5 for artillery ser-

vice. A black, mare brought $225.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





(Continued from page 411).





sold and shipped at a good price.

Wheat 83c; corn 400; rye 64c; pota-

toes 400; eggs 18c; butter-fat 26c;

apples 900 per bushel.



Weld 00., Oct. 19.——Corn is, extra

good; potatoes fine; beans good; ap-

ples fair. Very little wheat or rye

sown, as it is too dry. Most of the

sugar beets are dug, and the crop is

very good. The fourth cutting of al-

falfa is in‘shock, and there is plenty

of good hay. Lots of dairy cows to

feed, and a few hogs in the farmers'

hands. Wheat 80c; eggs 300; butter

30c; cabbage 350 per cwt. _





Kansas.



Franklin 00., Oct. 28.-——October has

been an unusually wet month, little

plowing could be done. Corn was less

than half a crop; a large acreage of

wheat has been sown. Very little rye

sown here. Onions and beans were

a fair crop. Very little live stock is

being kept. There are a great many

public sales this fall and stock is sell-

ing cheap. Winter apples are scarce

here and sell at $1.50@2 per bushel.

Eggs 22c; butter-fat 260; wheat 900;

corn 85c; oats 35c; hogs $7.30; cat-

tle $7.80.



Cowleiy; 00., Oct. 28.—Weather con-

ditions ave been very favorable for

fall sown grains and about the usual

acreage is sown. Corn is being gath-

ered; in places is very good; other

fields light, in general below the av-

erage. Kafiir yielding from 10 to 25

bushels of fair quality. Apples are

very good, in commercial orchards

selling from 800@$1. Live stock not

very plentiful but in good condition,

except some loss among young cattle

by blackleg. Wheat 98c; corn 68c;

rye 70c; oats 35c; milch cows sell

from $70@160; fed cattle around $7.





 





 





,
' heavy steers $7.50@8;





. is op, B.,&._ H.

- Cc. 900m 82 at $7.75.





 





3:9)"





1‘ Auf . r ‘ ' :,





nevi. 191;.





rms nevus FIRST some». - . '





 





The first edition is sent.to those who

have not expreSsed .a. desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

Eion will be sent on request at any

ime.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Thursday’s Market.

October 29, 1914.

Cattle. ~

Receipts 2009. Market steady. Best

best handy

weight butcher steers $6.75@7.50;

mixed steers and helfers $6.50@7;

handy light butchers $6.25@6.75;

light butchers $6@6.50; best cows

$5.50@6; butcher cows $5@5.50; com-

mon cows $4.50@5; canners $3@4.50;

best heavy bulls $6.25@6.75; bologna





 





bulls $5.50@6; stock bulls $4.50@

5.25 ; feeders $6.50@ 7 ; stockers

$5.50@6.50; milkers and sprmgers

$40@90.





Spicer & R. sold Findlay 60 stock-

ers av 614 at $6; to. Mich. B. Co. 27

heifers av 874 at $6.25; to Mason B.

Co. 1 cow wgh 1340 at $6, 17 butchers

av 922 at $6.75, 2 steers av 855 at $7;

to Sullivan P. Co. 4 cows av 1022 at

$5; to Hammond, S. & Co. 2 do av

910 at $5.50, 1 steer wgh 980 at $6.25,

1 cow wgh 720 at $4, 23 do av 1040

at $5.50; to Kamman B. Co. 3 butch-

ers av 1020 at $6.50; .to Thompson

Bros. 3 do av 610 at $5.25; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 10 do av 636 at $6, 8

cows av 820 at $4.35; to Molter 14

feeders av 862 at $6.25; to Watts 10

cows av 700 at $5.50; to Mich. B. Co.

21 butchers av 853 at $6.50; to Brei-

tenbeck 13 do av 815 at $5.90: to

Rattkowsky 6 cows av 960 at $5.75; to

Reardon 8 stockers av 615 at $6.25; to

Sullivan P. Co. 2 cows av 1020 at

$5.50, 3 do av 813 at $4.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Applebaum 1

cow wgh 770 at $5.50. 5 butchers av

406 at $5.25, 5 do av 504 at $5: to

Mich. B. Co. 24 do av 540 at $5.50, 12

av 766 at $575.3 do av 627 at $5, 5 do

av 554 at $5.25, 3 do av 683 at $5.75:

to Zehender 4 stockers av 637 at $6,

5‘do av 560 at $6, 3 do av 620 at $6,

6 do av 890 at $6; to Kamman B. Co.

22 steers av 955 at $6.75, 4 do av 967

at $6.75, 13 butchers av 858 at $6.50:

to Mich. B. Co. 1 steer wgh 990 at $7:

to Sullivan P. Co. 6 cows av 983 at

$5.75, 1 do wgh 1050 at $6, 1 do wgh

900 at $5, 2 do av 875 at $4; to Bres‘

nahan 9 stockers av 590 at $6; to

Hammond, S. & Co. 8 cows av 800 at

$4.25, 1 bull wgh 960 at $5.50; to

Zehander 17 stockers av 615 at $6.15;

to Breitenbeck 2 bulls av 890 at $5.75,

3 do av 747 at $5.50.



Haley & M. sold Reardon 21 stock-

ers av 765 at $6; to Sullivan P. Co.

2 cows av 875 at $4.50, 5 do av 880 at

$5, 2 bulls av 1060 at $6, 4 cows av

885 at $4.25, 1 do wgh 800 at $4.75, 1

do wgh 1050 at $4.75; to Newton B

Co. 1 bull Wgh 1180 at $6.25, 1 do wgh

1350 at $6.25, 9 heifers av 640 at $6

3 do av 540 at $5.50, 11 butchers av

613 at $6.15; to Shapiro 2 do av 685

at $5.35: to Schlischer 6 de av 765 at

$6.50; to .Goose 7 do av 680 at $6.50.:

to Thompson Bros. 1 bull wgh 1180 at

$6. 4 cows av 860 at $5.50, 2 bulls av

570 at $5.25, 1 cow wgh 970 at $5.25.

4 heifers av 622 at $6; to Resnick 6

cows av 1026 at $6.50; to Cook & Co.

11 steers av ”906 at $7.10; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 2 bulls av 1175 at

$6.15; to Smith 6 stockers av 485 at

$6: to Schlischer 6 butchers av 636

at $5.85, 3 do av 573 at 5; to Rear-

don 6 stockers av 683 at 6.25.





Veal Calves.





Receipts 799. Market 25@50c low-

erz' Few fancy'$11; best $10@10.59;

others $7@9.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Rattkowsky 10

av 150 at $10.75; to Nagle P. Co.

wgh 240 at $7.50, 2 av 160 at $10.50:

to Thompson Bros. 9 av 150 at $10, 1

wgh 150 at $8, 1 wgh 240 at $6; to

Rattkowsky 10 av 303 at $5.25.



Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 5 av 125 at $10, 11 av 170 at $11,

1 wgh 130 at $10.50; to Nagle P. Go.

3 av 140 at $10.50.



Shee and Lambs.



Receipts 10, 39. Sheep 25c lower

and lambs strong. Best lambs $7.50

@760; fair do $7@7..40; light to com-

mon do $6@6.75; fair to good sheep

$4@@4.50; culls and common $2.50@

3 50 .





Bishop, B. & H. sold Thompson

Bros. 37 lambs av 45 at $6, 16 do av

55 at $6.40; to Nagle P. Co. 117 do

av 85 at $7.25, 28 sheep av 105 at

$3.85, 32 do av 100 at $4.25, 32 lambs

av 60 at $6.25, 80 do av 55 at $6.25,

25 do av 57 at $6.25, 26 sheep av 110

at $3.75, 10 do av 112 at $4.25, 18

lambs av 55 at $6.50, 37 do av 65 at

$6.25; to Nagle P. Co. 139 lambs av

75 at $7.25, 107 do av 73 at $7.10; to

Parker, W. & Co. 98 do av 60 at $6.60;

to Sullivan P. Go. 20 sheep av 90 at

$4.10, 37 do av 90 at $3.30; to Swift

& Co. 450 lambs av 75 at $7.50, 175

do av 73 at $7.50, 55 do av 75 at $7.40;

to Nagie P. 00-. 223 do av 80 at $7.30,

147 do av 75 at $7.25, 105 do av .70 at

at 4, 31 do av 80 at $2.60, 35 lambs

av 0 at $7.40, 49-do av 55 at $6, ‘42





do-av56at3635.’ ,, .... .

soldlto mourn:





‘





 





Hogs. » ' .



, Receipts 8602. None sold at noon;

prOSpects, all grades ’$7.50@7.60. ‘ '



Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co

360 av 190 at $7.55, 120 av 170 at

$7.50 400 av 200 at $7.60.

. Haley & M. sold Hammond, S. & Co.

450 av 200 at $7.60, 450 av 190 at $7.55.



Spicer & R. sold same 450 av 190 at

$7.55, 200 av 200 at $7.60.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. '&

Co. 2110 av 190 at $7.55, 1250 av 200

at $7.60.





 





Friday's Market.





October 30, 1914.

Cattle.



Receipts this week 2156; last week

2182; market dull. Best heavy steers

$7.50@8; best handy weight butcher

steers $6.75@7.50; mixed steers and

heifers $6.50@7; handy light butchers

$6.25@6.75; light butchers $6@6.50;

best cows $5.50@6; butcher cows $5

@550; common cows $4.50@5; can~

ners $3@4.50; best heavy bulls $6.25

@675; bologna bulls $5.50@6; stock

bulls $4.50@5.25; feeders $6.25@7;

stockers $5.50@6.25; milkers and

springers, $40@85.





Veal Calves.



Receipts this week 962; last week

759; market dull. Best $10@10.50;

others $7@9.50.



Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts this week 13,816; last

week 11,828; market steady. Best

lambs $7.65; fair lambs $7627.50;

light to common lambs $6@6.75; fair

to good sheep $4@4.50; culls and com-

mon $3@3.50.





Hogs. ~

Receipts this week 11,348; last week

E87755 market steady; all grades $7.50





LIVE STOCK N EWS.





 





“Tight money, feed abundance and

cattle scarcity are in abundance in

northern Iowa,” said John T. Alexan-

der, recently returned to Chicago from

a visit to that part of the country.

“Causes Of money scarcity are many,

and reckless speculation in western

land recently is one of them. That

beef production during the next six

months will be curtailed as a result

of this is certain. The country is in

excellent shape for extensive cattle

feeding operations if the necessary

financial assistance could be obtained.

Pigs are plentiful everywhere.”



Hog cholera has broken out vio-

lently in portions of Missouri, and it

is reported that all the serum plants

in the state are working to their ut-

most capacity. As a general rule, hog

growing sections in this country have

been healthy this year, presenting a

marked contrast with the last two

years, last year particularly. Many





- reports‘state that serum is made more





carefully and work far more satisfac-

torily than heretofore.



Foot and mouth disease has prevail-

ed so extensively in several counties

of Michigan and Indiana that the de-

mand in the Chicago market for

stocker and feeder cattle and feeding

lambs and sheep to ship to the affect-

ed districts has ceased. A short time

ago it was stated that a great many

cattle had been condemned and that

the United States government had

agreed to advance the entire amount

of, the loss to the stock ownersin In-

diana on condition‘that it shall be re-

imbursed one-half of the amount by

the state through the action of the

next legislature, which meets in Jan-

uary.



Range cattle that were right off the

grass, instead of being fattened on

corn and other high-priced feeds, were





1 sold in the Chicago stock yards the





other day for over $2,000 a carload,

part of them going for $10 per 100 lbs.

011' the hoof. “This example, illustrat-

ing the advance in cost of live ani-

mals, will enable the public to better

understand why meat is dear,” said

Melville F. Horine, statistician for the

Union Stock Yards & Transit Com-

pany. “A single consignment consist-

ing of 40 carloads of range cattle from

Montana was sold at prices ranging

from $8.50@10 per 100 lbs. When

grass-fed cattle directly from the

range will bring such prices, the scar-

city of cattle throughout the United

States is demonstrated, and the cause

of the high price of beef is revealed.”



Now that the time for marketing

range flocks of lambs and sheep is

fast approaching its close for the

year, conditions are becoming far bet-

ter for sellers of fat live muttcns.

Receipts in Chicago and other west-

ern markets.in recent weeks have

been undergoing very large reduc-

tlons, and prices have been placed on

a much firmer basis for desirable of-

ferings. The demand for feeders from

the Montana and Wyoming ranges has

kept up, and the best feeder lambs

have sold higher relatively than fat

killing lambs. it is a settled fact that

much-less feeding will be carried on

this winter than 11 recent years, and





it is almost certain that fat flocks will "





be marketed at extremely highprices.

The packers in Chicago and other

western markets have been cuttingup





 





TH E 'M'i c H lie/AN :F A ~RM E R





hogs at a great profit, the» decline in

prices from the high time in August

having been enormous. Provisions

have. failed to decline in. accordance

with the sensational break in prices

for live hogs, and bacon, hams and

other: hog meats are bringing as high

prices as ever in the retail meat mar-

kets of the country. As to the future,

there is the usual difference of opin-

ion, but many observers are coming

to the conclusion that prices are hard-

ly likely to go much lower. One re-

sult of the decline in prices has been

to stimulate the marketing of the

lighter weight hogs, thereby drawing

largely on the future supply of pork-

ers.



According to York A. Hartman, of

the Sioux City Live Stock Record, the

winter hog crop in South Dakota,

eastern Nebraska, western Iowa and

southwestern Minnesota will be 145

to 150 per cent of that of a year ear-

lier. In territory tributary to St. Jos-

eph and Kansas City, the increase

will be less, as it ,was the upper Mis-

souri River region that was so ser-

iously ravaged by the prevalence of

hog cholera last year. Thus far this

year receipts of hogs in western mar-

kets are enormously short of those

for last year, and it seems hardly like—

ly that the deficiency will be made up

later.



Reports from the country lying west

of the Missouri River are that agri-

cultural conditions were never better,

with an abundance of everything ex-

cept live stock and money. It is al-

most certain that much feed will go

to waste, and much hay is likely to

be carried over, while much rough-

ness will be lost. But the fine crops

of grain will bring high prices and

farmers will reap substantial benefits

in this way. The beet sugar crop is

a good one, but it was contracted be-

fore the war started, and the sugar

refiners will derive the enhanced prof-

its from the boom in sugar prices.



Olaf Hovre, of Wisconsin, was in

the Chicago market recently w h two

carloads of mixed cattle, whic were

sold at high prices. The shipment

contained two steers bought by Mr.

Hovre from Gerald D. Arnold, the well

known Shorthorn breeder of Wiscon-

sin, which were sold $11.25 per 100

lbs., or 35C above the market, the

next highest sale being at $10.90. One

of these animals was a pure-bred

Shorthorn roan that tipped the scales

at 1800 lbs., and the other was a red,

the product of an Angus cow and a

Shorthorn bull, and weighed 1620 lbs.

The two animals were exhibited by

Mr. Arnold at ten fairs this autumn,

and they were undefeated by any ex-

cept by each other. At Milwaukee the

roan was second, competing against

all pure-breds, while the red was first,

agid the grand champion cross-bred

s eer.





While large numbers of range feed-

ing lambs have been shipped into the

feeding districts from Chicago and

other large market centers in recent

weeks. comparatively few feeding

wethers or yearlings have been re-

ceived, and it is estimated that ship-

ments of range feeding wethers for

the year from Chicago have been all

of 75 per cent less than for the cor-

responding period last year. But feed-

ing ewes have been offered liberally,

and shipments of such sheep from

Chicago to feeding districts. in the

surrounding country have been the

largest ever known at this season of

the year. There is every reason for

expecting substantial profits from fat-

tening lambs and sheep during the ap-

proaching winter’season; as the num-

bers fed will in all probability fall

much short of other years.





A CHANCE TO HELP.





 





Floods along the West River of

Southern China destroyed the crops

on 10,000 square miles of prosperous

farming country. As a result many

millions of unfortunate people will

need help. An appeal is being made

to the people of the United States for

funds. Any who can and desire to

contribute to this worthy cause should

address their enclosures to the “Fa-

mine F‘und, the Christian Herald,

New York City.”



The helpless condition of the thou-

sands of non-combatant Belgians ren-

dered homeless by the great European

war which has destroyed their homes

and laid waste their country, is piti-

able in the extreme, and with the sit-

uation but half known there is little

wonder that Americans are anxious

to help assuage the suffering. The

Dollar Christmas Fund for Homeless

Belgians, with Henry Clews, banker,

66 Broadway, New Yory, as treasurer,





has been organized to receive contribu»





tions from anyone who desires to aid

these unhappy people. and a dollar

gift sent to the above address of Mr.

Clews will be promptly acknowledged

and applied to the general fund for

purposes of relief in the way of shel-

ter and food after consultation with

the tofficials of the Belgian govern-

men '





 





 

 

 





That's what you can

do with





5 THE mum woon





 

 





Tabl mounted on grooved rolls. Saw above center

so legato down and n—not against 0 rotor. Logs

moved eully-nlmost self feeding. cos a week a

work in a day. Pays bis dividends. Write for printed

matter—also on our Sew lesbian. Bow and Bil-cl.

lim- and lid-u. Uneqn dues on Canvas Belting.





Ireland Machine &. Founary 60‘: 33 state st.,llorwlcn,ll.l.





, I’UIII’ GRIND SAW :3: 62:

Wood Mill! are Beet. Engines are Simple





Feed (linden. Sew

Fro-co. Stool Tub

unmuu run

nun wanna

Perms Wild Hill 5:

Engine Co. 531.1860 .

m luv or.



V





 





 

 





 

   





j





 

 

 





.‘ “3.-





Michigan White Cedar





FENCE POSTS





GEORGE H. CHANDLER. Onaway. Mich.





Save Money on Chinawarc!





Buy direct from manufacturer and save 30% to 40%

on your ohinaware. Greatest amortment of dinner sets,

breakfast sets. etc., to be had anywhere. Nothing but.

the best china cold through our new plan of Manufac—

turer to Consumer. rite us now, ‘ODAY.





Bucks China 01., Dept. B, Sunbury, Pa.





' Not by the million but a fine

Bankers Qualify lrm. so... of .n m. l... mu

and spring delivery: tree from desense and guaranteed

true to name. am in prices and get a square deal.

I grow m trees and know what they are.

D. G. BAN KER. -:~ Dnnevllle. N. Y.





 





ll“ Let us handle your

POULTRY, poultry, fruits, farm pro-

BIOIIERS. ducts. Our 25 years in

FRUITS, the same store assures





POTATIIIIS, your satisfactoryrcsults.

OWNS. RIMS. I. IIIIIIII & SDI.

Ilolroll, Michigan.





Shlp your Hay lo PItlsburgh ondlo

Ilamol McOaflroy Sons Company

Pittsburgh. Pa.



Bet-my bank or Mercantile Agency.



Our 20 Years Experience.

Handling Poultry, Calves. Pork. Wild Rabbits, Butter,

Eggs Iand tGeneral Pgogtuce in thisfinagkgt tmggfio

. e noes. on s ,



0 v“ “6 Rhythm CSMMISSION co.

Eastern Market, -- - Detroit Michigan.





FARMERS—We are 83 in five to oi ht cents above

highest cl Detrort uket quota-

tion for newlaid eggs shipped direct to us by express.

Write us for information. It Will on you. American

Butter 6: Cheese C0.. 31-35 Griswold t..‘Detroit,Mnch.





 





' Wholesale Commission House.

finggSJIIHOf‘ can Detroit. Want yen: applet

potatoes. poultry and rabbits. Quick return.





—We pay highest market price for

HAY ,3; E. l. Richmond 60., llalroil.

APPLES AND P0'IATOES $553333





E. L. RICHMOND C0.. Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





' For Sale. Whiskey barrel halfbarrela

0"" Hands and kegs for cider. Migh. Barrel it

Bag 00.. 283 Franklin St., Detroit. Phone M 3192,





Farms and Farm Land: For Sal—i





' and East Lansin

Good Farm: Around [unsungmmencempemes‘l‘

J. D. TOWAR, ,East Lansing. Michigan.





 





 





WM!) to hear from owner otgood farm for.

sale. Send cash price and description.

I). F. BUSH. Minneapolis. Inna.





MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS





 





Near Saginaw and Bay City, in Gladwin and Midland.





Counties. Low prices: Easy terms: Clear title. Write

for maps and particulars. STAFFELD BROTHERS,

15 Merrill Bur ding. Saginaw. (W. 8.). Miohiaan.





FOR SALE—In whole or part, 32) acre



southern Michigan farm.

Good soil buildings and fences. Immediate possession.

0.8. soharnun. 214 Dewey Ava. Swisavale. Pa.





CASH FOR YOUR FARM"I ”“9 We"



and sellers togeth -

er. Write me if you want to bu y, sell or trade. Estab-

lished 1881. ohn B. Wright, successor to Frank

P. Cleveland, 948 Adams Express Building” Chicago.





Themost profitable enernl

Barry county Fm farming section in8 Mich.

We have real bargains. Write for list. A.

BENHAM & TRIM. Hastings. Michigan.





DELAWARE FARM S





Fruit, live stock. alfalfa. Beet land near bell: arkets.

Address. State Board of Agriculture, Dover. Dlglnwue.





 





 





 





 





 





' 255 Acres. 125 a. in cult' ti

sunny IGIIIICSS.'a bal. timber: ail-com dwellll‘:3 1313

tenant house. An ideal stock farm. Price m1). aiml-

lsr bar-game; free list. Jenkins 8 Son. Huntl-gdon. Ten.





— The State for Thrifty Farmers

Delightful, health climate.Good

Lan , Reasonable rices. Closoto





saves-M rum-"aasnsns

9301' V9 ‘m e w map.

or Ifmrofiafion. Hellman Bldz.. Baltimore. Md,





TOOK 0!! GENERAL PURPOSE FARM. FOR

SALE. acres. good soil, creek. la bank

born. bin lilo: other buildings. house. 6





owner B 4 mlla from town. on to

Price am; e. Warren. Big Rapids. Idioms...





mu m forces sale. 313 Acres. B-room



.......... lawman”... rut.

: case. 0 ; : w



byeprl my . 8 rlnoln 15 oom-





and cood _ .cll

Mikhaarw 0.22.? mature





 





 





 





SAWING MACHINE 3





 





. ..w...;. s...»..~ .1... ....A. ”is. . ....... . .. ..
414—211;, - .





After Apple HarVeSt





involYes considerable strenuos-



ity. It is without d6Iubt the most

important part. of apple growing, be-

cause it constitutes one-half of the la-

bor and cost involved in a season’s

work in the orchard. - It is also im-

portant because the method of bar-

vesting and packin’gIIthe fruit will de-

termine Whether one will get the most

out of the crop or not. After being re-

lieved of the financial and physical

strain of this work, the fruit grower

naturally wants to relax. .However,

for the ambitious fruit grower there

is little time for such relaxation, be-

cause there are many things he can

do to advantage before the winter

sets in.



Get the Cull Apples Out.



One of the first things to do after

the better gFades of fruit have been

barreled is to dispose of the culls.

While the sale of the culls often does

not return much profit for the labor

involved, it is well worth the time

and labor to get them off the place





THE harvesting of the apple crop





THE MICHIGAN FARMERH





be“ ‘.-





knife, the wound being trimmed to

perfectly healthy wood, and then dis-

infected with a five per cent solution

of carbolic acid. It is also advisable

to paint these wounds over with white

lead aInd oil to prevent them drying

out. The trimming out of these blight

cankers is one of the most important

means OfIcoIntrolling the blight, as it

is in these cankers that the spores

live over the winter and are the cause

of an infestation the following blos-

soming time.

Transplanting Trees.



This time of the year is also the

most desirable for transplanting the

trees. Often a fruit grower realies

that he has set his trees too close, and

desires to remove some of them to

another part of the orchard. With

care this can be done with trees as

old as ten Iyears In doing this the

root system should be kept‘ as intact

as possible, and in setting the trees

in their new place the earth should be

thoroughly tamped around the roots

to prevent air pockets. The earth





 





 





Use Care in Harvesting; Poor HarVesting Spoils Good Crops.





for orchard sanitation purposes,





fore the lime- -sulphur has hardened,

but if not done then it had better be

done this fall. After this has been

done care shbuld be taken to drain

the water from all parts of the pump

and engine so as to prevent breakage

from- freezing. Then the outfit should

be put under cover or well covered





NOV. 7. 19141





’1





with waterproofed canvas side cur-

tains if there is a top over the engine.





Fall work after harvesting is the .





stitch in time which often saves a rip





in plans of spring work when there is >

a lot to do and time is valuable. It '





is, therefore, economy of time and

money to do it now.





llllllllllll IllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIlll||llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllll||NilIlllIllll||lllIlllIllllllllllll|IllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllIllll||Illllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllfllhllllllllll|llllllllllflllllfllflllllllllllllllllll





Disposmg of the Cull Pile.





NDUSTRIEIS which live 'and con-

tinue through many generations‘to

be useful to man must pass

through periods of evolution._ These

periods of evolution make for the in-

dustry the development which fits

them for the conditions resultant of

ever-changing time. Progress and con-

servation brings on these evolution

periods. Conservative feeling has

been foremost in the minds of promi-

nent men for many years. Fruit grow-

ers have been no less attentive to the

by-noduIct problem and have endeav-

ored to reduce as much as possible

the cull pile, the unprofitable product

of the orchard. As the fruit grower

is dealing with natural conditions

which are ever changing, he cannot

expéct perfect results and entirely

eliminate the cull pile if he packs his

fruit honestly; he must therefore find

the best way of getting as much as

possible Ont of it. .

The can Pile Not an Asset. —

The easiest way of handling the

culls is to sell them to the cider mill,

but there are times when, as with the

present season, the price of cider ap-

lees is so low that it hardly pays to

handle them. In suCh cases a cider

press on the farm would be a great





advantage, as many IproduCts can be.





made with it. These can be sold at





Ia greater profit than can be had from





the ordinary method of disposing of





as should also be mounded around the the cull crop. There’ are no statistics





they are a source of insect and fungus base of the tree to the height of about to tell us how many millions of dol-





infestation.





The culls should consist two feet so as to keep the tree from 13143 go to waste _in rotten apples





of the apples which have been sorted being shaken by the winter winds. They are. gnawed, to drop from the

out of the graded stock, the windfalls The tops of the trees should also be trees and rot on the‘ ground by' the





throughout the orchard which should cutback quite severely so as to bal- billion bushels





be picked up, and the apples remain-





ance the tops with the roots. It is a





This year on ac-

count of the poor market conditions,





ing on the trees. The latter, if left decided advantage to do this pruning the loss will be enormous, and efforts

on the trees through the winter will at the time the tree is being trans- should be made to conserve in some

become a source of serious trouble if planted, as the reduced top will give form the present, crop

the practice is continued for several the wind less opportunity to shake form seems at present the best meth.





The liquid





These apples will eventually the tree loose.





years.

Preventing Mice Injury.





rot and the rot spores will be carried

to the lower limbs where they will In orchards where the mice are

start rot cankers. troublesome, the sod should be dug



The next thing which needs atten- away from the base of the tree and a

tion after the crop has been harvest- small mound of earth put around it.





ed is the putting away of the harvest- In such orchards it is also an advan- ,





ing equipment Too often the ladders, Itage to quite thoroughly spray the

picking tables and baskets are left base of the trees with lime-sulphur,

scattered about the orchard over win- as it is known that the mice are not

ter, and the result is that in spring especially fond of bark flavored with

they have greatly deteriorated iIn valI- lime- sulphur. As a further preventa-

ue on account of the action of the ele- tive it is advisable to go through the

ments on them It takes but a short orchard after heavy snows and in

time to go through the orchard and places where the mice are Imost fre-

gather up these odds Iand ends of the Iquent tramp the snow around the base

and put them under of the tree.

shelter. I The fruit grower who is a thorough

I Take Care of the Broken Limbs. sprayer need not give much thought

Invariably after harvesting there to fall spraying unless he should ac-

are some broken limbs, and often quire an orchard which has been neg-

limbs of good size have been split lected in the past. However, orchards

from the weight of the fruit. These which have a bad infestation of the

should be taken care of in the tall, San Jose scale or are fungus covered

before they dry OUt tOO much if they from the lack of spraying in the past

are to be bolted together again. Even may receive the fall application of

if the limbs are to be cut off, the fruit lime and sulphur to great advantage.

grower who has pride in his orchard It is not possible to thoroughly clean

will cut them off in fall for appear- up a bad infestation with one appli-

ance sake. It is also beneficial to- the cation, but a. thorough spraying in

wounds made by the limbs splitting the fall, followed by another in the

down to have the limb cut off and the spring, should so reduce the scale

wound painted over with pure white that they will be of little trouble the

lead and raw linseed oil, which should following season.

be mixed to the consistency of good Care of Spraying Outfits.

paint Another thing which shOuld receive

The blight which has been quite ser- attention at this time of the year, if

ions in the past two years should also it has not been attended to before

be given attention before the winter this, is a thorough cleaning up of the

sets in. All blighted limbs should be spray outfits. It is advisable to pump





equipment





cut out before the foliage drops, as Iclear water through the outfit for sev-I.





they can be readily seen. The trunks eral hours so as to clean out as much

and the main limbs should also be of the lime-Sulphur as possible. This

carefully inspected for blight cankers. should really be done immediately af-

These should be cut out with a sharp ter the spraying is finished, and be-





od of conservation for much of it.



The evolution of the cider press is

interesting. The old log beam having

a fulcrum at one end and raised by





cylinder. Water is, easily pumped

through a small pipe into the cylinder

and the pressure being applied against

the end of the piston or ram. The

ram is thus forced out, pressing the

apple pomace which has previously

been prepared by hand, or belt-driven

apple grater. An average of four and

a half gallons of cider can be produc-

ed by these presses from a bushel of

apples; and from 300 to 6000 gallons

made per day.



The hydraulic press has put the

cider industry on a paying basis. The

price for making cider ranges from

one to three cents per gallon; one

day’s run of 4000 gallons say, at two

and a half cents per gallon would

make the operator $100. Treated cid-

er sells as a soft drink at 30 to I70

cents per gallon; 100 bushels of ap-





Iples, unfit for market could thus be





made to yield between $200 and $300





III with very little labor.





Some of the useful products which

come frOm the apple are vinegar, cid-

er syrup, cider jelly, apple butter, pas-

teurized cider, etc. Below is given a

brief description of these products.



Vinegar.



The process of transforming apple



juice into good Cider vinegar is easily





accomplished, and can be produced in





every household where the necessary

temperature can be controlled. For

vinegar, the wind- falls may be used

or the pomace of later pressings may

be re- pressed, qut for a superior arti-

cle only sound, ripe apples should be

used.



~Common experience teaches that if

cider is exposed to the air it will soon

ferment. Now, by proper handling af-

ter the first stage of fermentation the

cider may be converted to vinegar in

a very short time. It is well under-

stood now, that fermentation is the





, . work of myriads of bacteria that in-

fest the. cider and behave very much

after the manner of yeast in bread

making.





Cider, in changing to vine-





 





AI Promising 250- acre Orchard in Leelanau County.





 





Rows of Peaches and





Apples a Mile Long.





hand power,I Iwas our primitive cider

press. The pressure was obtained

from the weight of the log, together

with the weight of a man who was

stationed at the otherend of the log.



The Evolution of the Cider Press.



‘Next‘ in line came the screw and

knuckle joint presses; which served

the apple grower long and faithfully.

But these, too, came to the turn of' the

road and were supplanted by modern

hydraulic presses.



The old style screw press of the

small type is still used to some extent

where it is desired to make a small

amount of cider at odd times for pri-

vate use. These presses will turn out

from 40 to 1'00 gallons daily and are

80111 at prices ranging from $10 to $20.



The modern hydraulic press is

equipped with a piston working in a





gar, passes through two stages: First,

the sugar of the juice is changed to

alcohol. Next, the alcohol is changed

to acetic acid or vinegar by further

fermentation.

Cider Syrup. .



Evaporation is another method of

treating cider. By this process the

volume is greatly reduced and the re-

sultant product is so concentrated

that it will remain in a. perfect State

of preservation for years. In this

way two great advantages are [secur-

ed: First, the product can be stored

in much less space, and,





er has been reduced in volume in the

ratio of five gallons to. One the pro-





dth is of Such consistency as to be I





suitable for handling and in no dan-

ger of fermenting. This product is





second, it'

will keep indefinitely. When the cid- =





a
NOV. 7. .314.

called.._cider s . or boiled cider-mud

is widely used in making apple but-





ter, mince pies and the various pro?





ducts of the culinary art.

’ Cider Jelly.



When evaporation is carried fur-

ther, reducing the volume in the ratio

of about seven to one, the product is

known as cider jelly. In this form it

is quite acceptable to those who like

a jelly somewhat tart. By adding

sugar it may be made to please the

taste of those who like jelly of a mild-

er, sweeter taste. The jelly may be

flavored to suit various tastes by us—

ing any flavoring material that will

not evaporate —rea'dily. Apple jelly is

usually marketed in glass jars hold-

ing two or three pints.



Apple Butter.



One of the chief uses of cider syrup

is in the making of apple butter. Ev-

erybody knowsthe “goodness" of ap-

ple butter. Fond memory will hark

back to “bread, butter’n apple butter.”

This apple product, Combining as it

does, the essentials of the best fruit

known to man, well deserves high

rank as a staple food and table deli-

cacy. The slow, laborious method our

mothers used—making apple butter in

a big copper kettle—has given place

to the new steam cooker. A copper

coil quickly and easily converts a

quantity of pared apples and cider sy-

rup to a clearer, smoother and more

delicious product than even mother

was able to give us for our “piece."

In the old method heat caramelized

some of the sugar, which gave the

butter a dark color and a burnt sugar

taste. By the use of the simple, inex-

pensive apple butter cooker these ob-

jections are overcome.



Pasteurized Cider.



Still another method of treating cid-

er is the process known as pasteuriza-

tion. Many attempts have been made

to preserve cider sweet and pure, just

as it comes from the press. The use

of preservatives is very unsatisfactory

and often dangerous. It is well known

that a fruit juice can-be preserved by

heating it and sealing it up, but the

chief difficulty. in this is to heat to

the proper temperature and at the

same time exclude the air. q A temper-

ature of 160 degrees F. is sufficient to

destroy bacterial life and prevent fer-

mentation, but a temperature higher

than 170 degrees F. will give to the

rider a baked apple taste, rendering it

undesirable as a drink. A simple pas~

teurizer will perfectly sterilize, filter

and seal up cider so that it will keep

indefinitely and retain the same flavor

that it had as it came from the press.

The health giving properties and the

medicinal qualities of pure apple cid-

er give rise to a popular demand for

the product of a pasteurizer. Pasteu-

rized cider retails at prices that net

the cider maker a handsome profit.





 





STARTING A NEW NUT INDUS-

TRY.





The English walnut is a great in-

dustry in some localities for the sim-

ple, reason that some observing farm-

er of by—gone ages picked out the best

trees from among thousands of wild

trees and propagated them. That is

the way we get the Baldwin apple,

and all our other fruits. You would

be rich if you had an orchard of

trees like the best black walnut grow-

ing in AmeriCa, or the best English

walnut, or the best hickory, or the

best northern pecan, or the best hazel

nut, or the best persimmon. The

trouble is that we do not know yet

where these trees are, but they are

probably growing on the farms of

some of the readers of this paper. We

now know how to propagate these

trees, so all that is needed is to find

parent trees. Can’t you help? It you

know of a promising, tree, send a de-

scription of it and its bearing history,

along with some of the nuts, to Dr.

'W. C. Deming, secretary of. the North

ern Nut Growers’ Association, George-





town, Conn. You may get one of the ‘

" $5.00 price thatthe Association is of-





 





'fering, for the best hlpkory, walnut. or

hazel tree that is an improvement on





those already known. "The Northern





Nut Growers' Association is ' doing

pioneer work in this line, and the re-

sults of the competition will be re-

ported in the Michigan Farmer.‘





 





FALL BEARlNG STRAWBERRIES.





W. F. Tindall, of Charlevoix county,

is growing and marketing fall‘straw-

berries successfully. Since the twen.

ty-eighth day of July, he has picked

and sold 700 quarts of berries, the

last being marketed October 11, and

these berries have brought him 25

cents a quart, which is a somewhat

better price than that ordinarily paid

for strawberries. The Plants were set

out about the first of May. They are

of the Frances variety, and cover a

third of an acre. The blossoms were

kept picked until the latter part of

July, when the first berries were har-

vested. The berries are large, well

formed. and of glossy appearance.

They are firm and have an excellent

flavor even in cold weather. The in-

dications are that Mr. Tindall will be





able to make several more pickings ,





from the patch before the season clos-

es. He has been trying different va-

rieties of fall bearing berries, and be-

lieves that he has at last hit upon the

right one for his section of the state.



Mr. Tindall also raises strawberries

for the regular season, and has evolv-

ed a system of irrigation which is ex-

ceptional because of the results that

it produces. His strawberry patch

has been piped with overhead pipes,

and each night a fine mist is thrown

upon the plants. As a result of the

irrigation system, he harvests much





larger and finer berries than his com- _





petitors, also secures a better return

per acre, and in consequence reaps a

profit that is in keeping with the ex-

tra labor performed.





 





TROUBLE DEPARTMENT.





Fitting Russet Apples.



Will someone kindly give a good

method for pitting Russet apples for

spring. use?——Subscriber.



Russets or other varieties of apples

are quite successfully pitted in the

same manner as potatoes. This meth-

od consists of digging a shallow level

trench six inches below the surface

of the ground in which straw should

be spread so that the apples will not

rest on the ground. Then the apples

should be placed in the trench in a

conical or triangular pile, which should

then be thoroughly covered with straw

or some other mulching material, and

a good covering of earth put on top of

that. Occasionally, however, this

method will cause the apples to have

an earthy taste. To prevent this, a

ridge pole should be set over the pile

of apples in forked sticks and a roof

of boards made in such a way that

there will be an air space over the

apples. The boards should be thor-

'ough1y covered with straw and earth.



Another good method of burying ap-

ples is to pack them in boxes and

bury the boxes. The boxes can be

buried separately so that when one is

wanted the others need not be dis-

turbed. It is advisable to use straw

on all sides of the box before covering

with earth. The latter method is an

advantage because it does not neces-

sitate the opening of a large pit of

apples when just a few are needed.





 





Insects and diseases destroy over

twenty per cent of the fruit crop of

this country every year.





 





WANTED.





Hairy or Winter Vetch.



We have a machine for separating

Vetch from Rye and are in the mar.

ket for all grades. Will make offers

upon receipt of samples; Address,



Alfred J. Brown Seed 00., Grand

Rapids, Mich—Adv. ' '





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Every building on your farm will

be a. better,more valuable build-

ing if you give it a Certain-teed

roof! The label on —'





Certain-teed

/, ROOFING





guarantees 15 years’ service. No

test" for toughness, pliability or any-



thing else can give you win/17m: knowl-



edgoof how long a roof will last.



Roofs don‘t. wear out—they dry on t. Let



the three biggest mills in the world



guarantee the roofing you buy.





Your dealer can furnish Certain-teed » '

Roofing in rolls and shingles‘made by

the General ling Mfg. 00. worlds

largest roofing manufacturers, East. St.

“Louis. 111.. arseilles, 111., York. Pa.





 





 





 





“The ”WWOOISPRW





is the choice of the business far-

mer who values spreader perfec~

tion. It positively will do more

and better work in less time than

any other machine. It took us 15

years to perfect‘ this mechanical

masterpiece which we know to be





100% EFFICIENT





Thoroughly pulverizes the manure. spreads it wider

and more evenly than any other spreader. Easy to

load. since sides are only 41 inches above ground.

Bed is from 3 to 5 inches deeper than any other so-

called "low down" spreader. Built tor thorough

work and lasting service.





FREE Circular in Color: and

Descriptive Catalog

Gives reasons why “Nim” and “New Idea" are



the “Best Spreaders on Wheels." Shows why our





machines are practically trouble-proof. Settlothe

spreader question for all times by writing us Today.





Newldea SpreaderCo., Box 19 Coldwater.0.





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





High Calcium Finely





PULVERIZED

[IMESTONE





FOR SOUR SOIL

Quick shipments in closed cars.

send you sample and price.





lllllllllEllll [ME 00.. Pelosket. lllcl.





LIME





Pulyerlzed 1n osian lime took for “sour" soils.

Write for L0 Summer Prices direct to you from

Muskegcn and Benton Harbor, Michigan.



LAKE SHORE STONE 00.. Milwaukee. Wis.





—-You should get the highest grade

of limestone manufactured. Bu!

1t upon the basis of analysis. We





manufacture the highest finds pul-

_ v'erxzed limestone sold in lohlgan.

Let us prove It. Ask for sample and analysis.





CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian River. Mlch.





Let us





 





 





 





 





LILLIE'S SPEG"‘ BRANDS





BUFFALO FERTILIZER





Made from best‘ material. Always reliable.

Lime, Potash. Ac1d Phosphate. Nitrate of Soda.

Agents wanted in_ unoccupied territory. Ship di-

cool: to farmer: 111 earlobe. Fertilizer questions

answered and farm eoll surveys made on request.





Colon C. Lillie, Sales Apt. Coopersvllle, Mich.





 





 





 





SEED wan—Won lot at 1914 Michigan State Fair

on Yellow Dent (northern counties).



Mature. In 100 days. Is yielding at rate of 150 bushels

to acts. Sample can-Snot‘pald 25 cents, bu. $2. . A

Halted supply. H. W. CH LTZ. Middleton. Mich.

SWEET SEED. Pure white and biennial



. yellow. Special prices for Autumn

c‘I-OVER shipment sent on request. Everett

Barton. x 129. Falmouth. Ky.





 





 





 





f





 

 

 

 

 

 





27—413





llaple Syrup Makers





You‘d EFFICIEN CY and SERVICE in our

Champion Evaporator.

Quick work. fuel. saving.

dutubillt. and BEST . ,. .

a U A L l ‘1‘ v or

for Catalogue.

Champion

Evaporator p, -‘

00.. Makers,

Hudson. 0.





 





 





moons DOUBLE our /, cue mm,

/ .9 both sides 0

v limb and does

/ .2 ' not b r uisc

’ the bark.

We pa! Bl-

prcss charzcs

on all orders.

' Write tor





 





ILODES IFG. co. i; mm.

615 L. Division Ave. GRAND RAPIDS. men.





 





 





MAPLE SYRUP MAKER





The Grimm Evaporator





used by principal . -



maple syrup makers """ ,

everywhere. Sov-

ing of time and fuel

alone will pay for

the outfit. Write for .

catalogue and state

number of trees you





up.

GRIMM MANUFACTURING CO.

l69-82l Champlain Ava, ll. W. Cleveland. Ohio.





 





 





Michigan Farmer's Club List.





For the benefit and conveuzence oi our subscribers

we have arranged the foilowmg list of papers on which

we can salvo them money Besides the money, they

save the trouble and expense of sending each order

separately



EXPLANATION—rho first column is the regular

subscription price of the other papers. The second

column gives our price for a. year's subscription‘to

both the other paper and the Michigan‘Farmor. 1110

third oolumnngives the price at which the other

' paper may be ded when three or more are ordered.



15 price is not given in this column ask us.

Example: We will send the Michigan Farmer and

Detroit Semi-Weekly Journal for 81.15. Il‘. for In-

flance. McCall's Magazine also is wanted add it. at. 400

making total $1.55. Any number of papers may be

added at third column rii-o if they are [or a sub-

soriber to the Michigan ‘armer.



If von want the MICHIGAN B ARMER THREE

YEARS and the other papers one year add 500 m the

second column price. We do not. send samples of

other papers. Address the publishers direct.



Send all orders to the Michigan Farmer or through

our agents,



We will take your order for any publication you

want whether listed or not. Write for rates.



NOTE—So long .18 a subscriber is on our list for

one or more years he may order at any time any

publications at third column price. So that a three

or five year subscriber does not lose the advantage of

the reduced price if he wants an! other paper next

year or the year after.



Subscriptions ordered to Canada require 90813889-

Write for rates unless ago Is known. in that case

include with order. outagolon- Michigan Farmer

alone to Canada. is 1 cent. per week. >





 





 





 





 





'See explains





NAME or euamcum'fl» Mon above.





Dani. (6 a “'oekl on R. F. I). only. 8

Free Press. Detrmt. (Both to Jan. 1916). 2 50





Journal. Detroit ........ . .................. "

Times. Detroit.............................

Herald. Grand Ra. ids........



News. Grand Rapi . Mich...

Press. Grand Rapids”

Courier-Herald. Saginaw. . . . .

News Suginaw..............................

Tribune. Bay City, Alii'h.................

Blade rloletilo.

News-.1369. Toledo. ()hio..... .



State Journal. Lansing. Mich......... .

Chicago Herald.............. .





‘I‘rl Weekly Newspapers

World. N. Y..City..........................

Semi Weekly Newspaper:

Journal. Detroit, Mich..

Weekly Newspapers





Blade, Toledo. Ohio... .

Commoner. Lincoln. Not»... ..... _,,,

Enquirer. Cincinnati, 0, . .. .



roduoe News. Chicago ....................





Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Poultry. etc.





finial-loan PBeeiglousnal (w) .................

merlcan ou ry ournal, Chic 0, In

American Poultr Advocate. Saragossa?

American Sheep reeder. Chicago (111)..

American wanehonl. Chicago, (m).....

Breeders' Gazette. Chicane. (w). ..

Poultr Weekly. Boston. Mass... ..

Fruit It. Grand ltap Ids. Mich ..

Green? Fruit Grower. Rochester. (m.)..

Board a Dairyman. Fort Atkinson. Wis.

Jersey l'Bulletin. Indianapolis. Ind. (w)

Kimball 8 Dairy Farmer. Waterloo. la.

3-!!! .... nunc-u-....- .... ........ .... n.-

Wnt. mml Sportsman, Boston. Mass

:Uu. tn Keeper. Quincy. lll. (m).....(fn.)

on try Pompom, Grand Ha ids. Mich..

’outrf Success, Springfield: 0. (m).....

Rehab 0 Poultry Journal.Qnin0y.lll.(m)

liwme Breeders' Journal, Indianapolis .

Ind. (s~ml................... .. .





Popular Magazines.





Everybodys Ma. zin N. Y. '

Etude, Philadelgmuf‘ at. (111921? 33'

Mleurea. Magazine, N. Y. City. (m)...:

guipianhl} 31, Muesli. (fin)..............

copes ome onrna. . Y. i .

Red Book Magazine, Chicago. Pllfymllxll

Renew of Renews. N. Y City. (m)......

Ladles' or Household.

Delineator, N. Y. City. (In) .........

Designer. N. Y ' . ....

Housewife. N. Y. City (In)... ......

Ladies World. New York om ..... II"

McCall’s Magazine. N. Y City. (In) .....

Mother's Mag" El in, ill. (111)....

Pictorial fievicwc . Y. City. (111).”: . '

omans ome cm i . . ‘ ”-

Womans World. Chigggo‘?xlmll.¥:?fi.g 1

Religious and Juvenile.

American Boy. Dot 1: '

Little Folks. Salem. gdsspflllglnlnfl?" :3 l 00

Xoune People'fl Week”. Elgin. Ill. (13“) 75 95

louths Companion. Boston. Mas......:. 2 on 2 25 2 oo

NOTE—fl the Mlchlfian Farmer! NE.

add 50 cents to the second mlzggnlsfie‘? your.





 





   





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, . Budded on whole roots of Fr seed ' ‘ .

3 00,000 31/23 a. branched, age. ; 200 , emu 1mg. W ft». 12a. 5-6 ft. 90.: 4-5 ft..60.:





. of Fear. Plowinyflimepes.

_ , now. on III .

. appointees-Hater. Camlogfree to everybo‘dy. Sehfl'd card today for db.

~ THOMAS E. SHEER“. NURSERYMAN. 26 Main St. l)ANSVll.l.l:.y





.000 Peaches 9%c.; 7c.: 4%c.; 3 c.: and

Roses and small fiéuits. Bootlllio‘osrfl‘ed:

the nun who rows muons-adieu '





our:

Nit





: .3;an e“





,rwn- -. :‘r',r.





.y—y





ne’v".‘
lend stamp





416—7233





"A GUN UNEXCELLED





 





SELF- LOADING SHOTG UN





Absolutely positive action; divided recoil; ability to shoot

light or heavy loads without adjustment of mechanism;

absence of projections or exposed moving parts to catch in

clothing or brush or injure hands; absence of screws and

pins to collect rust or dirt or work leose; two-part, sim-

ple take down and no loose parts—these are some of the

valuable features that make the Winchester Self-Loading

Shotgun superior to others of similar type.

gauge, and weighs only about 7% pounds. Can be used as

a repeater or single loader at will. All metal parts are made

- of nickel steel, which has about double the strength of the

, steel used in shotguns of other makes.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





It is a 12





Investigate it.

FOR DUCK SHOOTING





 





 





 





 





 





 





Just as easy to get eggs in cold weathe1

as in spring. Winter should be the

best laying, best paying months—

will be if only you'will start at

once feeding





PoultryRegulator .





Nature’s own perfect tonic and conditioner. Your



hens should be entirely through the moult.

have not begun to lay, it is a sure sign that they need



Pratts Poultry Regulator—the one tonic that stirs up



{our idle, lazy hens, makes them hunt a nest and get

usy producing eggs.



Don't delay.





Makes no difference whether you have ten hens or ten thousand—

they need Pratts.

and sack. Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back.



In 250 packages up, big 25- -lb. pails at $2 .50. At 40,000 dealers.

Pratts Roup Remedy' 1s a guaranteed cure.

season for Roup and Colds.

abut get a box of Pratts. 250 and 501:.





PRATT FOOD COMPANY





Phfladelphll





   

 





If they





Go to your dealer's at once and ask for Pratts.





A record of 42 years back of ‘every package





Now is the danger

Don' t risk losing your laying birds,





Toronto





Chioado





 





 





 





POULTRY.





HEHE' Sillllii OPPORTUNITY 533.2 “agi'hi‘fafl'énfii





Euro white runner drakes.be in

IVERVIEW FARM. R.No. 8. Vassar. Mich.





FOR SALE‘il°Z.';.‘ifimi.’i§2'L‘é ‘d‘lfi'%33§§°§3§





akin. CLAUDIA BETTS. Hillsdnle. Michigan.





Min and Indian ilunner Ducks .111 1.... you

II. V. HOSTETLER. Route No.1. St. Jpohns, Mich .

i

no. 11111113. censure...

From extra laying strain, large hanflgt‘lT'elW fellows.





Far aised For prices write. VIEW

POULTRY FARM. Box 798 Union City. Michigan.





—All i e winners and breeding stock

BarrOd flocks at ha frpfice. Won 20 prizes last winter

W. 0. COFFMAN. it. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich





OSEN 080MB BLACK MINOROA OOUKWERELB and

RHE for sale. ‘ Fine Birds. icse.

.131.I IV:’A8N NATTER. ..D 3. Standishw iohigan





lLVER. LACED GOLDEN and WHITE WYANDOTTES-A flue

lot of White eockerels weighing 6 to 8 lbs. at 32 and .3

each. Browning' s Wynndotte Faun. Portland. Michigan.





3. L. VIYINDOTTE E668’§{°“B‘1§§°“1i1‘1?§§§‘$933?





Satisfaction guaranteed. 1".E.Oowdrey. Ithaca. Mich.





me1111131111111101111610137521.1'11131111





StateFair, ullets, cockerels, hens. also collie pu ies.

Mrs. Willis fiough Pine Crest Farm. Royal Oak. Erich.





PLYMOUTH Rock cockerels 5 to 11 lbs. according to



hens5t081hsq 15 eggs :1: Mnmmct th Bronze

Tom soTurkeys 8 to 35

to 825. 10 eggs 83. L. E.





to.age Price





lbs. scoordin

..Vassar Mich.





OBAM TO





 





*, DOGS AND FERRETS.





FOX, COON AND RABBIT HOUNDS





Broke to an and field. Prices right. Fox and





adh. Stamp for reply.

993,130‘“:lgugfwfiLeEm-Frederickeburfil 01110.;





minimising“ Houndsflpf‘ih'iiflgfifi 5’2“?“





ficlrnelvillo.





«Stock and prices ‘





F0" S‘LE. Thoroughbred Scotch Hollie puDDlBB from

' pedigreed stock. Fine marked. Natural

heelers. Price 85 & $8





 





Fox and Wolf Hounds





oi lilo [ml English simn 1n Ammo!

40 years experience in breeding

these fine hounds for my own

sport. Save your pics sheep and

poultry. Send stamp for catalog





T. B. HUDSPETH,

Sibley. Jackson County, Mo.





2006 li‘errete for sale. Write for price

list. It's free. Guarsnlee safe delivery.

DeKleine Bros. .801 4_l.Ja1nsetown.Mich





While and Brown Ferrel: for Sale 53313.13 £9.32?

and all small animals out of holes. Burt Ewell. Wellingtonfl.





 





 





 





 





   

 





,,.._.\m noon 0N



, 1‘ r“!



_, " Dog Diseases

AND HOW TO FEED





Mailed Free to any address by the author





H. CLAY GLOVER. V. S.

l 18 West 3 l st Street New York





 





 





 





 





"711 Crown Ben. Cutter





 

 





   





‘} FED you; hetns out great

no an more 0883-

Witb aCrowgneBone Cutt

{on can cut up all scrap bone!

easily and quicl and without any trouble. and m cut hon

{ref'h gberfi duafnrs" your poulliirfi'x 25?: at once E$¥8fig¥x





 





with their winter supply of honey.in gallon syrup cans

poet '1‘ on sun“ bu direct from“!





 





by

producer 11196111 write them before ir crop is sold.





T is a. more difficult task to prop-

erly fatten turkeys than it.is to

fatten other kinds of poultry, for



the former are subject to some trou-



bles when heavy feeding is attempted

that the latter are not bothered With.



Turkeys contract bowel trouble very



easily when their feed is increased,



and when they are being fattened par-

ticular care should be given in the

selection of the feed, and the feeder

should be on the lookout constantly

for this ailment. There is danger in

feeding too much corn because it is

apt to bring about this trouble and

for this reason it is best to substitute

a. feed of wheat frequently in place of

it. The habit so many have of care.

lessly allowing the turkeys to run in

the corn field during the fall months,

where they always eat an over-amount

of green corn, is a fatal one. Green

corn is the next thing to poison for

turkeys, for it is sure to bring on

bowel trouble, and there is no remedy

that will counteract the fatal efiects

that it has on the turkey’s digestive

organs. A little green corn may not

have any serious effects, but the safe

thing to do is to prevent the turkeys

from forming the habit of ranging in

the corn field. Start them out for a.





 





NOV. 7. 1914-





Fattening Turkeys, Ducks and Geese.





cessive fat. It will not pay to place

thin turkeys on the market as they

will not only bring a less price than

fat once per pound, but there will be

a. loss in unfinished turkeys when the

cost of finishing them at this season

of the year is so little.



Ducks and geese are more easily

fattened than turkeys as the latter

are such greedy eaters. It does not

fret a. duck or goose to be confined

during a fattening period, as it does

a turkey, and for this reason they can

be fattened in a short time. Two or

three weeks are long enough if the,

proper care and feed are given them.

Feed 3. mash composed of corn meal,

ground oats and wheat moistened with

milk. If the milk is not obtainable

very good results can be gotten by us-

ing boiling water in its place.

the mixture to cool before it is fed.

In addition to this feed give some

fresh green feed or chopped vegeta-

bles about three times a week with a.

little ground meat scraps. Provide

plenty of grit and fresh water also.



Keep Troughs and Dishes Clean.



If the food is fed in clean troughs or

dishes each time, the fowls will keep

in better health and fatten faster, al-

though ducks and geese do not seam





 





 





 





few days on a route that will lead

them away from the field and they

will before long learn to go that way





' of‘ltheir own accord.





A' Preventative of Bowel Trouble.



In order to make sure that your

birds will not contract this serious

trouble give to each poult twice a

week five to eight drops of turpentine

in an ounce or so of sweet milk. In

addition to this, about every other

week give each of them a teaspoOnful

of Epsom salts. This treatment will

not only do a great deal towards keep-

ing the birds healthy but it will assist

them in making better use of the food





 





they eat and thus produce mere rapid

gains in weight.



Chickens should be confined in a.

small lot or coop sothey can not move

about when they are being fattened,

but this plan would result fatally if

attempted with turkeys. They should

lhave free range and plenty of exercise

‘if they are expected to keep healthy,

land none but healthy birds can stand

lto be fattened very much.‘ It has been

our experience that if the turkeys are

kept perfectly healthy from the time

jthey are hatched until the time they

are fattened, it will greatly assist and

hasten the process of their develop-

' ment for the market.



Fattening Turkeys for the Holidays.



If the turkeys are to be Sold for

Thanksgiving the grain ration should

'be increased gradually during Octo-

iber, so that by the middle of Novem-

‘ber they will be on the full feed. Tur-





 





A... , keys are very fond of wheat and this

. kind of feed does not have the ill ef-





 





 





 





feet upon the liver that corn very. of-

.ten does. Arrangements should be

made to dispose of the birds as soon





 





,E. n m" ”as“ Non‘r TAB , H.1111: they are finished for they do not

”E ”'o‘flumi“ “Wig?! remain healthy any great length of





itime after they are filled out with ex-





, Geese Are Easily Fattened.





to object to, or be endangered by, the

dirt as much as turkeys are. '

In about fourteen days, if the birds

have been properly fed and cared for,

they should be in fit condition for the

market and should bring such a. price

that will pay well for the extra trou-

ble required to carry them through

the fattening period. It may be that

they are ready to market before the

two weeks are up. At any rate they

should be sold as soon as they are

plump and show other signs of being

well fattened, for they are such

greedy eaters they will eat the profits

up if kept very .long after the time

they should ‘be disposed of. In order

Indiana. 0. H. WHEATLEY.





 





GETTING RID OF THE RoOSTERs.





 





Poultry journals claim that eggs are

so much better if there is no rooSter

or cockerel with the flock after the

breeding season is over. So last

spring we concluded to try the ex

periment for the first time. Our flock

of hens is, not a very large one, and

they have the run of a large yard and

are fed a variety of food and were

laying good when we disposed of the

last rooster. In a few days the flock

beganio drop off in egg production,

and in the course of a. week the pro-

duction of eggs dropped to about one-

half, and the hens wandered about

the yard and actually seemed. to be

unhappey and lonesome. After , the

expiration of about one month, with

no increase in egg production, anoth-

er rooster was procured and the hens

plainly showed their contentment, and

seen began to lay the normal amount

of eggs; and have continued to do so

ever since 5555

any ether reader has” had any experl'

ence aiong this line. JoHN Jackson. ,.





Allow '





 





"“»-‘-‘—‘r





 





 





 





..L.~.um a... 1"»
”1“. .3.





 





1‘" ”wv‘u





 





 





 





\_-‘:' ._ 'v

.‘ .





“'"Ndv’? 7;”1'9‘14.





ew'a s





   

   





-y..‘..:........ .u. ..-

ll;',ll: . ... »w-.[.u_iw





Veterinary.





aim]llllllllllllllllIlflflflllllllllflllmlumlfllllmllllllIlllllllllllllflllfi

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





|Illllllllllllllllllllllllllli "-'

llllllllllllllllllllllllllll





free to our subscribers.

munication shOuld state history and

symptoms of the case in full; also

name and address of writer. Initials

only will be published. Many quer-

ies are answered that apply to the

same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably

find the desired information in a re-

ply that has been made to someone

else. When reply by mail is request-

ed. it becomes private practice, and a

fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.





Contagious Abortion—I have abor-

tion in my herd and would like to

know the easiest and best way to

stamp it out, and I would like to know

the cause of abortion. I. have been

farming over 30 years and have es-

caped it thus far. J. H., Warren,

Mich—Contagious abortion is due to

a germ and is often times introduced

into a herd by a service bull, or pur-

chasing an animal suffering from the

disease. You will find it far from an

easy matter .to stamp out _of your

herd. First separate all aborting cows

in isolated building, yard or pasture

and shut out all other breeding ani-

mals from mixing with them. It is

also important to have separate at-

Undants and separate utensils; be-

srdes, no excrement or litter should

be moved from their quarters to oth-

er parts of your farm. Scrape and

wash the back part of stall and gut-

ter and wash stall and gutter thor-

oughly with a solution made by dis~

solving 5 ozs. of blue stone in each

gallon of water. Dissolve 1 dr. cor-

rosive sublimate. 1 oz. of alcohol,’ 1

oz. of glycerine in a gallon of water

and use as an injection into vagina,

also wash the back parts of cows ev-

ery day, or you may wet the hind

parts of cow with one part carbolic

acid and 99 parts water. Abortlng

cows should not be bred for two or

three months after calving. Thorough

cleanliness and disinfection about

your premises will greatly aid in

stamping out this ailment. By giving

cows 20 or 40 drops of carbolic acid

in a pint or tWO of water andmjxeid

with feed, is supposed to help to pre-

vent abortion. Giving methylene Blue

is also recommended by some Vets.

and experiment stations. No matter

What you do in the line of treatment,

it must be thorough, and even then

you may fail in cleaning up your herd.



Nasal Catarrh.———I bought a carload



of cattle some time ago; most of them

have a. mucus discharge from nostrils

and some water drips from eyes.

8., Mason City, Mich.———Mix together

equal parts ground gentian, ginger

and bicarbonate soda, and give each

one two tablespoonfuls at a dose in

feed three times a day. Wash out

eyes with a saturated solution of bor-

acic acid twice avday.



Weakness—I have a sow that far-

rowed 11 nice pigs, but every one of

them shake and tremble badly and

are hardly able to stand. Two of

them died, but the sow appears to be

well. . B., Reese, Mich—Change

sow’s feed, keep her pigs in a dry,

warm place that is well bedded; give

60W 4 81‘s. 0f quinine at a dose three

times a day. Give each of the pigs a

few drops of whiskey two or three

times a day.



Sick Turkeys—Some of my turkeys

have died after drooping around a

few days. They refuse to eat, excre.

ment is yellow, but they drink lots of

water. I might add that they eat

large quantities of apples. L. 11., Dry-

den, Mich.~—Dis's01ve a. tablespoonful

of sulphate of soda in a gallon of wa-

ter and let them drink what they

want of it. Change their feed and boil

the water. Discontinue feeding them

apples for I fear they may suifer from

acid poisoning.



Injured Shin.———I have a colt that

hurt his shin while running in pas-

ture some three weeks ago; have ap

plied coal tar disinfectant wash, but

this does not seem to reduce swelling.

R. P., Gaines, Micbr—Apply one part

tincture arnica and five parts water to

thickened legs three or four times a





ay.



Scours.——I have a mare that has

been troubled with looseness of the

bowels since last winter and would

like to know what to give her. J. T.,

Memphis, Mich—Give her a teaspoon-

ful of powdered sulphate iron, a table-

spoonful of ground gentian, a table-

spoonful of ginger at a dose in feed

three times a day. A case of this

kind can be benefited more by proper

feeding and watering than by drug-

ging her.



Wart on Neck—Preventing Cow

Sucking Herself.———Have a colt three

years old With wart on side of neck,

whiCh I would like to hare removed.

Some time ago, I noticed an inquiry

asking for remedy. to prevent cow





 





ass





sucking herself. I have been very

successful in preventing it with a

piece of No. 9 wire about six inches

long, bent in shape of letter “C” fast-

/ened in nose much like bull ring, with

points sharpened. E. S.,I4enox, Mich.

—-Cut wart off, apply acetic acid daily

until it disappears. I fail to fully un—

derstand' how the wire could be fast-

ened in nose and prevent her suching

herself and not interfere with graz-

ing or eating other food.



Whistler.-—I have a mare which had

distemper ten months ago, and it left

her throat in rather bad shape. Since

she had this attack she coughs some

and whistles when exerted and it is

a little worse in dampxweather. She

receives good care and is well fed. B.

L., Midland, Mich—Apply one part

tincture iodine to three parts cam-

phorated oil to throat three times a

week. A surgical operation might re—

lieve her, but it is doubtful about

drugs helping her much.



Chronic Heaves.—I have a ten-year-

old horse that took cold last April,

has coughed more or less ever since

and has had heaves for some time.

Have had him treated by a Vet, his

teeth are good, glands of throat are

some swollen, and he makes a rattling

noise when breathing. II. J H., Mt.

Clemens. Mich—Apply one part tinc-

ture iodine and three parts camphor-

ated oil to throat once a day. Give

him 1 dr. powdered lobelia. 1 dr. of

ground nux vomica. 2 drs. ground gen-

tian and % oz. Fowler's solution at a

dose in soft feed three times a day.

Feed no clover, no badly cured fod-

der, very little bulky food: keep his

stable clean. well ventilated, not for-

getting to let in plenty of fresh air.

Furthermore, he should have some ex-

ercise every day.



Roarer—Asthma.-——‘When I exert my



15-year-old mare-she seems to choke,

tremble violently and is unable to

breathe. I am inclined to believe she

has heaves, but this is difierent from

all other cases I have yet known.

G. D.. St. Charles. Mich—This is a

case requiring surgical assistance,

therefore you had better call a compe-

tent Vet. who has had experience in

operating on roarers. She should be

fed no clover. or musty, badly cured

fodder- Give her 1,é oz. of Fowler’s

solution. 1/2 dr. ground nux vomica, 1

dr. powdered lobelia. 2 drs. ground

gentian at a dose in feed three tlmes

a. day. .

Cribbing.-—Since last June my four-

year-old-horse has been cribbing and

I would like to know if she can be

cured. G. F. E.. Plymouth, Mich.—

Crib biting is a vice usually the re-

sult of indigestion, or it is contracted

by imitation when an animal isidle.

Remove manger and things that he is

likely to get hold of. place his feed

box on floor and make him stoop

down to eat and drink. Also apply

strap around neck, preventing him

sucking wind. Give him 1 dr. ground

nux vomica, 2-‘drs. ground gentian and

1 oz. cooking soda. at a dose in feed

twice a day.



Worms—WWII you please tell me

what to do for a horse that is both-

ered with worms? R. N. I... Allegan,

Mich.—~As you doubtless know, santo-

nine is the best vermicide known,‘but

it is very expensive, especially Since

the war broke out. Mix together one

part powdered sulphate iron, one part

salt, one part ground wormseed. five

parts ground gentian and give a table-

spoonful at a dose in feed two or

three times a day.



Lice on Calves—My calves are

troubled with lice and I would like to

get rid' of them before I stable my

cows. . B.. Grayling, Mich—Drop

10 ozs. of crushed stayesacre seed in

two gallons of boiling water, let it

simmer for two hours, strain, fill with

water to original two gallons, then

apply to lousy calves three times a

week. One application should kill

nearly all the lice, but these cases

should be followed up, or you can

safely use any of the coal tar prepar-

ations that are regularly advertised

in this paper.



Fungus Bunch—A two-yearold colt

got cut while in pasture two months

ago; wound healed, leaving a large

bunch of proud flesh in wound, which

I have been trying to reduce with i0<

dine. and caustic remedies. J. F. M..

BI‘OWn City, Mich—Either burn it off

with a red hot iron. or cut it off, then

apply equal parts oxide of zinc, pow—

dered alum once a day.



Barbwire Cut—Enlarged Joint—My

three-year-old colt has a thickened

joint, the result of barb wire cut. and

I would like to reduce it. A. H. 8.,

Marion, Mich—Apply one part iodo-

form and four parts powdered alum to

wound on coronet once a day and ap-

ply one part iodine and nine parts

fresh lard to fetlock joint three times

a week. This kind of a bunch is trou-

blesome to reduce.



Obstructed Test—Hard Milken—I

have a cow with lump the size of a

pea in milk passage of teat: used io-

dine with some success, but it made

the teat so sore that I could not get

near her. I also have a Holstein cow





(Continued on page 419).





1 .





/\





 





 





‘M’IVC'I-I‘IGA' N‘ FARM E R





 





Horse Owners Should Use





. eomsAun's

CAUSTIC BALSAM





The Great French Veterinary Remed .

A SAFE, SPEEDY & POSITIVE CU .





Prepared exclusively

b J. E. Gombault, ex-

eterinarg Surgeon to

the Franc Government

Stud.





 

 

   

 





SUPERSEDES All. CAUTERY OR FIRING.





Impossible to produce any scar or blemish.

The safest best Blister ever used. Takes the

ilace of all Iinimenw for mild or seven: action.

moves all Bunches or Blemishes from Horses

or Cattle.



As a. HUMAN REM MDY for Rhea;

motion, Spralnl, Sore Throat. etc. It

is invaluable.



E GUARANTEE that one table-

spoonful of Caustic Balsam will produce

more actual results than a whole bottle of any

liniment or spavin cure mixture ever made.



Every bottle of Caustlc Balsam sold is

Warranted to give satisfaction. Price $1.50

per bottle. Sold. by druggists or sent by ex—

press. charges paid, with oil directions for its

use. Semi for descriptive circulars. testimo-

nials.etc. Address





THE LAWRENCE-WILLIAMS COMPANY. Cleveland, Ohio.





woman





After Doctors

Give Up





C. H. Varner. Valle Hotel

Buckhannon, W. Va..,Y writes;

"Couple of years ago at Clarke—

. burg. W. Va , 1 had a horse with

thoroughpin. You gave us instructions and your

Save-Thc-liorsc cured the thoroughpin.".





I9 Year: a Success





No blistering or loss of hair. A Signed Con-

tract Bond to return money if remedy fails on

Ringbone — Thoropin — SPAVIN —— and ALL—-

Shoulder, Knee, Ankle. Roof and Tendon Disease.



You psi: nothing by writing; it ecsts nothing

for adee and there Will be no string to it.

Save-Tho—Horae BOOK Sample Contract and

ADVICE-7AM Free (to H’orse Owners and Mann»

gers.) Write today. Address.



IIOY CHEMICAL €0.30 Concise lufllflmtomlx.

Dnggistl r0 tell Sou-tho-Hono WITH CON-

TRACT. or we send by Parcel Post or Express Paid.





 





 





 





 





 





 





RUN oN KEROSENE





6c for 1 0 Hours



Ellis Engines develop more power on cheap lamp

oxl than other engines do on high-priced gasoline.

Will also operate successfully on distillate, petrol, -

alcohol or gasoline. Only three working parts. .





   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 

   

 





have patent throttle givln 2 three en~

gun's in one; force-fetal oilcr; auto-

mobile type lunil‘lcr: bull-bearing

governor adjustable while run.

his and otlu-rcxclusivc (natural.

BI KE [:8 PINDVE IT—

" Every engine Hl‘ll', :m 'illlluvs' :1 p.

,_ provul.liLywnrGum—Milne.Spec) LI

- factory prices on all sin-.4. Thou.-

Buuvls of satisfied users. Write for

_ big new 19M catalog; and special

‘ discount prices.





ELLIS ENC-“860.. 110 m (”mm





 

   

   





 





Reasons Why You Shouldl





Investigate the SAN D 0W

Kerosene Stamens-y ENGINE





It rum on homo-o (coll all).



. distlllnlo and Alcohol without cm

equipment — starts without cranking —

run- In either direction—throttle gov-

erned—hopper Ind tnnk-ooolod—~spood

controlled while running—no cans—lo

valves —- no gears ~— no sprockets —only

ch rec moving parts—Jighl weighl— easily



portable—great power—start- easily at

(on, dugrera bola" m emplela ready to

. rum-otllll'on operate them-40w factory

prices lrzsud on enormous out put-~30 day

money-duck (tint—101mm mm lad gun--



soles. Sizes, I I»! to 18 horsepower.

hood I postal today (or free oa’alcgwbloh

tells how swdow will be useful toyou.

No gn-luwm Pocket .nu' and

mlddlenen’l lat-omissions doom;



direct with My. (602)





mm

mmwfia‘m





 





And gives you better engines.

Cold Dlrocurom Factoryto “can.





60 Days Free Trial. 5-Year Guaranty.

E|fiance shippedflncfid tgsgvork, easy to"?

J9.3i; ‘

sizes '





 





 





 





CUSTOM TANNING





We are pro and to do all kinds of For Tanning-

Oattle or ”hides. calf. doc. deer or any kind of

wild or domestic animals: '65: and finish them. We

can make them into Coats. has. or Bugs. If deslmd

furnishing all trimme and linings. We solicit

your business and are 1

BROWN & BIBLEB 00.. Grand Rapids. Michigan.





unlppodtodo nooodiob. .





 





29—417





 





Whole-ole fries;





Screeningsjalvago Brains 33,333,...





H06 runs, sum;





ONE HUNDRED HEAD or 8...... can»

. . ~ Sheets and Heifers

ready for to sell at once. Five cars of two-year-old

steers will be ready for to sell Oct. 15, 1914.



J. B. GARDNER. Cadillac. Michigan. L. B. 437.





BREWERS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE.





ABERDEEN ANGUS





Bull calves and yearling; ready for service. Sired

by Louis of Viowpont. II. Closely related to five

Grand Champions—brother. Sister, Sire. Site's

Brother and Grandsiro. (International Grand Champ—

ion for three yours in succession. Prices 8'75up. WI I

meet. prospective purchasers either at Somerset.

Addison or Addison Junction. >



You are bound to get good calves from these bulls

swan with strongly dairy type grade cows.



GEO. B. SMITH 6 00..



ADDISON AND SOMERSET. MICHIGAN.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





HERD FOUNDED IN 1900.

Strains mgresentevl com-net of Trojan Ericas. Black-

birds and rides. only. Black Quality Ito. a bull of

rare individuality and merit. heads the herd.

WOODCO'I‘E STOCK FARM. Ionin. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘VRSHIBEs—4hie of the foremost dairy breeds The

most economical milk producers. Calvol

for sale. . White Leghorn cockerels; Duroo Jersey

swine. Michigan School for the Dent, Flint.Miohigan.





FOR SALE, 3 REGISTERED GUERNSEY BULLS..

Chang if taken soon the best. breeding yet. Write

OHN EBELS. Holland, Michigan.





 





(”v uernseys. Bulls from 1!: mos. down. From Imported

I Hire and Dams in A. R. tout. Excellent breedinc'.

prices reasonable. On farm of President Snyder, M.

All. Address P. E. Noble. Hunger, R. No, 8, Longing. Mich.





We have for sale a. number of pure Guernsey cows.

heifers and bulls. also Berkshire hogs,

VILLAGE FARM. Grass Lake. Michigan.





 





G r —Famons May Bose Strain. A select. herd.

u "SAYS Tub. Tested. Several . It. i). (lows.

J.K. Blntchford, Windermero l“nrxn,Wntervliot,l\l ich.





 





MILO I). CAMPBELL. CHAS. J. ANGEVINE.





BEACH FARM





GUEBflSEYS





To whom it may concern:



I have just com leted a tuberculin test

of 80 head of Beac FarmUuernsey stock,

not one of which showed the least sign of

reaction. Signed Du. Tim-s. L. l’»(n‘i‘,\'et..





Pure Bred Bulls and Grade Heifers





from the above stock for sale





CAMPBELL (a ANGEVINE.

cowwarnn, MICHIGAN.





FOR SALEHTWO registered Guornsey

. Bulls. one (our yuan-i old.

kind and gentle. weight. 1600; one three months old.

Filldil'l‘.1-lACKRIDEIt. B. I). No. I, Parma, Mich.





FOR SALE.

> Three Fine Young Bulls





8. 9 and Ill months old, from

18. 20 and 20 pound down.

each one giving over 10,000

lbs.;rnilk a roar—prices, 31(1).

3125 and $150. The two old-

est. nicely marked——tho other

_ has black backand sidosnvith

; some white. I’VE/\OI 2nd.

B. B._ 8rd, and King of the

Pontlacs' blood.



BIGELOW’S HOLS EWFARM



Brecdsville, Mich.





$25 DELIVERED.





Handsome Bull Cali





soyon-eighths 'white. Thoroughbred, but. not

eligible to registry. By 2Hb. butter hull, out of

12.000-lb. milk cow.





ROUGEMONT FARMS.

DETROIT. MICH.





ESPANORE FARM, Lansing, Michigan.





Oflers for sale





Twa Holstein Bull Calves





 





 





 





 





Excellent breeding 'lIIil line individuals. Write

[or particulars.



CHASE S. OSBOBN, L. M ‘

ADAM 1c. anmsoN. I "“9"" ’ “135%...





 





Holstem-Friesian Breeder‘jfi'g‘: “big; 5233,;

represented. l). l). All‘lillJN. Flint. Michigan.





I Will Buy and Sell Holstein Battle S,‘.‘,,f°,;‘3,'fi§“;





s cialty Largo acquaintance among the breeders.

ank refomnves. Freeman J. Fishbeck. Howell.Mioh.





 





For Sale Pure Bred





Holstein Heifers and Bulls.





De K01 and Landry Girl Butter Boy strain.





LEWIS NELLER, - Lansing, Mich.





 





“Top-Notch” Holsteins.





Extra large fine young bull. 3‘ white. be 0 . I 1 l .

3%?) Ills: sonata! recon-gr! 29.30 lbs. bzlétgr ill 'fdfya

.. . n a. ‘9. re‘ . . .

Elan liter of a 31.53 lb. 00w. 5 am a a 64 lb 4 yr ha!

.Kc HERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. lichlgan.





 





 





REGISTERED HOLSTEINs—Herd headed by Albino

Bonn Butter Boy No. 93124. whose dam bu semi-

oflioial yearly record. Butter-m lbs. Milk mm. as a

Zara-old. No stock for sale. W. B. Bender. Howdl, lick





oIsteln-Friosinn Cattle. Yonn bulls ready for

service out of 11.3.0 cows. 8st action guaranteed

or money mhnded. Jones a Lots. Oak Grove.,"M lab.





I: Herd Sires— Line bred Hengerve‘d DeKol





 





nae -

H30 lb. dam. OLIne bred Pontiac Forndyke 19 lb. 3-yr.

dun. mummmsm. 1.. mm...





III. 3mm“.

Bmders' Directory continued on pm 119.
418—30





...«.» - .,





 





i '3 f"‘ ,; ‘ . .i : ,: . 4,. >1

T HE M I CH PG A N F AfRHM' E





5 ' ‘





r

I u 2'





 





1.4 . - ._





Make Your Own Selection. ‘ "





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





' A Second war Manual.





Over 275,000 copies of the War Manual No. 1 were Sold inside

of three weeks. ‘ ' ‘ ’ ~



This number deals with the actual progress of the, war up to date.

It consists of 120 pages of text,w1th many remarkable photographs

oftacitual war scenes, maps and drawings. Here are some of the 25

ar 10 es: '



The Men Behind the French Guns; The System of the German

Army; The Day’s Work of a Soldier; Campaigning with the Rus-

sians; the Three-Cornered War in Poland; “Tommy Atkins” in the

Field; With a Prussian Dragoon Regiment; Turcos and the Foreign

Legion; Kitchener in Action; The Rush to Paris; England’s Indian

Army; “Atrocities” in War; Kiao—Chau; Canada’s Part in the War;

England’s Control of the Sea; What a Modern Sea Fight is Like.



We have been trying to find something that would give our sub-

8cribers a good idea about the war from a reliable source, and have





to date and would be cheap at $1.00. We will Send it Free for Tyvo



Subscriptions to the MichiganFarmer at the special bargain price



%f three years for $1.00, or 500 for one year.- Cloth bound. Postage

aid. ,





 





 





scngwomvm on E 5





 

 

 

 

 

 





1% /—-o-—: Mme





a

, o





   

 

   





   

 





'a.‘ @&§§§‘\\\ I w ‘ ‘ 0“; I‘ ..

, v . \X V”:* . 5 12‘s.}? VL\\\\

w MSG 0%“.

G \\\\§:§§1“3 \\





DE-T H READING





   

   

 

 





r

\ {:‘p (e ‘LI





\





i 1





, . . ~. pup: waeucn.

heron: mm. ' -'





Farmers Ideal Combination Wrench





Six Handy Farm tools in one. A pipe wrench, nut wrench, a screw

driver and three dies for cleaning up and rethreading rusted and

battered threads. Dies fit all standard bolts used on standard farm

machinery. Requires no adjustment, never slips. Will work in clos-

er quarters than any other wrench.

of these handy little wrenches on a binder, reaper, mower, etc. They

are light, strong, compact and easily carried in the 1in pocket.



Given Free for 2 subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either at

the special bargain price, three years for $1.00 or one year for 500.





\Monm wntncn,





 





 





BOYS WATCH.





Every boy, young or old, would be proud to carry

one of these watches. It is 16 size, with a. nickel

case. Stem set and wind. Regular watch movement

with hair spring. Guaranteed by the makers and

repaired free of charge for one year, if given ordi-

nary care. Any boy who really wants a watch can

easily earn one in one afternoon.



Given Freefor 3 subscribers to the Michigan





Farmer, either at the special bargain price, three

years for $1 or one year for 50c.





 





 





An easy opener. Open it with gloves on. Made of razor steel,

fully guaranteed in every wav; a fine ebony handle; brass lined;

German silver tips; a dandy for man or boy.



Given Free for 3 subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either at

the special bargain price, three years for $1.00 or one year for 500.





 





 





 





 





Myers’ “Awl for All ”





LOCK STITCH SEWING AWL, with straight and curved needles.

Makes a lock stitch with one thread and one operation. For har—

ness, sacks, canvas or any heavy seWing. Regular price of this awl

is $1.00 . . _



Given Free for 2 subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either at

the special bargain price, three years for $1.00 or one year for 500.





=3





 





 





Ideal Sewing Companion





A Handsome little velvet lined, gold lettered, embossed leatherette

case with patent button fastener containing two very much needed

little requisites for the woman’s sewing or work basket. A Thread

Pick for the picking or removing of basting threads and a Ripping

Knife for ripping seams of garments. They have heaVIly nickle plaza

ed, chased and highly burnished handles. The Ripping Knife has

three interchangeable finest Sheffield steel razor-like blades. This

little Set DeLuxe is new, novel, practical; fills a long felt want in its

field and will surely appeal in a very strong degree to every woman

to whose notice it is brought. List price $100. '



Given Free for 2 subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either at

the special bargain price, three years for $1.00 or one year for 50c.





found it in this WAR MANUAL. The Second Edition is quite up'





Every farmer should carry one.





A 'CAMERA ALMOST FREE.





The Kind it is:





First, it is‘ guaranteed in ev-

ery particular.



It makes a picture 214x314.

It loads and unloads in daylight

with the Premo Film pack of 12

exposures, both time and snap-

shot. Fitted with automatic

shutter. Hastwo finders.



Is very simple to load and op-

erate. Complete instructions

with every camera.



We will send one of these re-

markable cameras FREE, all

charges paid, for a club of

three subscribers to the Mich-

igan Farmer, made up of either

kind, the Great Special Offer,

three years for $1.00, or one year for 50 cents. The subscriber’s own

may be one. '-





 





 





GIRL’S WATCH.





We have given awayseveral thousand boys’

watches free, but until now we were never able

to get the small size watch which would

please a girl and keep good time, at a price

that would make it easily secured by a girl. At

-.~.~- 7.... last we have been able to make arrangements



‘ with a manufacturer of high grade watches to

furnish us with anattractive six size watch,

,_ with jeweled lever movement, quick train, a

‘ ,. \ white enamel dial, with second-hand. Pull out

..‘ stem set. Nickle case, beautifully engraved,

, per illustration. This watch is the smallest

fl, genuine watch of its value to be secured and



' has all the improvements to be found in

,/ watches of a higher grade. Besides being at-

tractive and fully guaranteed, it is a thorough-

ly satisfactory time-piece.



Given Free for 4 subscribers to the Michi-

gan Farmer, either at the special bargain

price, 3 years for $1.00 or one year for 500.





 

 

   

   





(afiaiss «

(”wk





 





 





A Genuine German Razor





Not a. cheap razor, such as is generally used as a premium. It is

made of best steel, black handle, hollow ground 5Ag-in. concave

blade; honed and stropped ready for use. Guaranteed to give sat-

isfaction.



Given Free for 2 subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either at

the speCIal bargain price, three years for $1.00 or one year for 500.





 





L MICHI GAN FARMER.





 

 





 

 

 





   





 





74

\_‘).





Farmers Extra Quality Pocket Knife





Made by the famous Valley Forge Cutlery Co. Two blades made

of best razor steel. Ebony handle. Brass lined and well finished

throughout. Guaranteed to give satisfaction.



Given Free for 2 subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either at

the spemal bargain price, three years for $1.00 or one year for 500.





\- ,1





Six Rogers German Silver Tea Spoons





These spoons are made of the same metal throughout and are

guaranteed to last a life time. They can be kept looking bright by

cleaning them with a good cleanser. The design is beautiful and

the spoons are good enough to use on all occasions.



Given Free for three subseribers to the Michigan Farmer, either

2.3 thet special bargain price—three years for $1.00 or one year for



cen s.





 





 





 





   





Silver Plated Carvm’ 3 Set





Consists of Knife 10 inches long, and Fork 7 34 inches long. The

blade of knife and prongs of fork are made of best cutlery steel. The

handles are silver plated and stamped with a beautiful design. The

plating is on white metal, therefore it cannot Wear through and show

brassy. This set is easily worth $2.00.



Given Free for four subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either

2.3 thet special bargain price—three years for $1.00 or one year for



cen s. . ' .





:A.





1





ixov. 'r. m





 





" .., -MA' 1
’4'. .., ”“4.” ;





 





NOV. 7, 1914.





fit





my. pr ;V*"Jl.’l



~ - , VETERINARY. _ ,



(Continued from page 417). x

tiir " is a hard milker and in using

milking tube,‘it is not much help. R.

E. D., Marine City, Mich—The lump

in teat canal will have to be cut out

and this is work _for a Vet._ Drugs

will not dissolve and absorb tissue of

this kind. Dilate teat .canal- With a

polished steel probe; this is the only

way to make milking eas1er. .



Indigestion—I have a mare nine

years old which is ‘very thin, but is

tairly well fed and not worked: much.

She was bred May 4 and'so far as I

can tell is safely in foal. .I. H. J. S.,

East Saugatuck. Mich—Mix together

one part powdered sulphate of iron,

one part ground wormseed, one part

ground nuxvvomica, one part ground

fenugreek, four parts ground gentian

and give her a tgblespoonful at a .dose

' e twice a ay. .

ml‘liill Puncture—4 have a five-year-

old mare that got a nail in her foot

October 19, and although I have kept

wound well syringed out, _she 18 yet

very lame. H. H. K.. Smiths Creek,

Mich—The foot should be kept clean

and apply one part iodoform and five

parts boracic ,-acid to wound daily,

covering sure with oakum and a cloth.

[t is too soon toexpect pain to leave

foot, in case of a severe puncture.



ar et.-—Five weeks ago one fore

(rugrtegr of my cow’s udder blocked

up: since then she has given less

milk than usual and only recently the

bag has become inflamed. 0. H.. Uti-

ca, Mich—Apply extract of phytolac-

ca to inflamed portion of udder once

a day and give her a tablespoonful of

fluid extract phytolacca_ at a dose

three times a day. If it is the result

of a bruise try to ascertain the cause

and remove it.



Cow Gives Bloody Milk—Last June

my cow gave bloody milk from.one

quarter, but seemed to recover in. a

few days; now lately she gives milk

that is mixed with blood and I would

like to know what to do for her. H.

R, St. Clair, Mich—Are you sure that

your cow does not injure and bruise

udder, causing this slight hemorr-

hage? Bed her well and apply the

following lotion three times a day:

Dissolve 1 oz. of acetate of lead in a.

quart of water and add 2 ozs tincture

arnica.



Cattle Have Ringworm.——I wish you

would tell me what to do for cattle

that are troubled with ringworm. The

sores appear to be on face as well as

body. M. McC., UnionVille, Mich.—

Apply tincture of iodine occasmnally

and they will soon get well.



Warts on Teats.—Some of my coWs

are troubled with warts on teats. R.

B. C., Woodbury, Mich—The warts

that have necks should .be cut off and

apply olive oil freely tWice a day after

milkin her.



Contagious Catarrh.——Can you tell

us what to do for our chickens, for

both young and old: their heads turn

black, matter coming from eyes and

nose, cause wheezing, great emacia-

tion. and death. . Either one or both

of the eyes swell considerable, but us-

ually the left eye is affected. They

also have a very offenswe .odor.

have separated most of the Sick from

the healthy, but I am inclined to be-

lieve that nearly all of my fowls are

going to become diseased. Mrs.. W.

F. D., Richland, Mich.—-I am inclined

to believe that your poultry suffer

from contagious catarrh and when in

the advanced stages is incurable; be-

sides, it will not prove profitable to

treat diseased fowls that are likely to

infect well ones. Contagious catarrh

usually spreads rapidly through. a

flock, especially if contagion lS Vll‘u-

lent and the disease is not easily erad-

icated from the flock. Exclude the

contagion by every means that can be

devised. If the swelling contains. a

thick pus or cheesy matter, *open with

a sharp instrument and apply iodo-

form. If the eyes are sore apply an

eye lotion made by dissolving 15 grs.

of boracic acid in an ounce of water.

There are many other antiseptic rem-

edies that are equally as good, such

as equal parts peroxide hydrogen and





2 less money than I can.





I.

r.i.‘-_.





we MICHIGAN, EABM’ER





in "claiming





FROM 1 to 3 YEARS OLD





Ten Bull calves, two to ten months old.

Ten cows, Your Choice from my entire

herd. Don’t let anybody make you

believe he can sell you a better bull for

Don’t delay the

purchase of bull until the other fellow

gets the one you want. Write me or

come at once. ,



L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.





FOR ISALE





Ready to: light service from a 30-11) sire.





HOLSTEIN BULLS





rich in the blood of Hen erveld De Kohli‘rhnd

Henceyveld De K01 Butter y. and ntiac Korn-

dyke. ’{three (his sons. King of the ontiacs. and

Pontiac Aggie Korndyke. Pedigrees on application.

Eu. 8. LEWIS. Marshall. Mich.





I'HATCH HERD

REGISTERED llOLSTEIl-FIIIESIAIIS





YPSI LANTI. MACH. ofiers

HERD HEADERS from choice A. ll. 0. dams and

King Pontiac S13v2?! waly'zkg. GOdAams in his

pedigree average . pen :1 are. veragc r

cent of fat of three nearest dams 4.31. Sires in ill-gt

three generations in his pedigree have 600 A. R. 0.

daughters. Prices reasonable.



Make our own sci-ection at Ashmoor Farms.

Tecumse . Michigan, I". D. No. 2. or address

HATCH HERD. I'PSLLANTI. MICHIGAN.





Mlllllllilll HglAE AllO IllAllllllE SOHDOL





, LA EER. MICHIGAN

Breeder of High Grade Holstein Cattle. Lists and

prices upon application.





“LO" FAR": ofi'er choioelly bred young Holstein

Bulls, £5 to O 00 each. with all papers.



3. O. BATHFON & SO . R. F. D. 5, Ypsilanti. Mich.

PECIAL. $40 each boys 3 registered Holstein bulls.

month old. Delive free. safe arrival Buarantoed.





od enoagh to use in grade herd Quick sale only.

worth more. need the milk. Hobart w. Fly. luou. lioh.





t ' .

First Drall lor $125 a “assassins. 12.13631.

1. o. b. CHAS. B. RILEY. B. No. 1. Metamors. Mich.





Lillie Farmstead Jerseys





Bulls ready for service. several from Register of

'Merit Cows. Four bred heifers. good ones. Herd

Tuberculin tested. Prices reasonable.



COLON C. LILLIB. Coopersville, Michigan.





THE WILDWOOD HERD





BOISTERED JERSEYS. Herd headed by Majesty's

Wonder 90717 For sale a. Grand-son of Royal

Majesty. and out of a cow that reduced over 500 lbs.

butter in one year. Born Oct. all; 19].}. Write for rices

or come and see. ALVIN BALDEN. Capao. ich.





The. Jersey





comes into maturityearly, ls

long-lived and is often found

making records even to ad-

vanced age. She stands





 





W





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





i

1





water; or dissolve 16 grs. of perman-'





ganate of potash in a pint of water.

The chickens should be Well fed,

some ginger and gentian mixed with

their feed.



Mange—I have, a fox terrier pup

eight months old that I am told has

mange and I would like to know how

to cure it. W. W., Copemish, Mich.—

Mix one quart of sulphur, one-half

part carbonate potash and four parts

lard to sore parts of body three times

a week and give him 5 drops of Fow-

ler's solution of arsenic at a dose

twice a day.





The Chicago Live Stock Exchange

has passed the proposed substitute

for the telegraph and telephone rule.

The rule now adopted prevents mem-

bers from sending prepaid telegrams

or telephone messages or receiving

messages sent collect. The penalty

provided for live stock commission

men Violating the rule is censure,

fine, suspension or expulsion.





   

 

   





above all other breeds for

economic production. Shall we mail

you free a good book on the Jersey?





In AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE €1.03.

32!. W. 23‘ St. New York City.





 





CROUSE’S OLD HOMESTEAD JERSEYS





All in surplus Full Blood Jerseys are sold.





J. B. ROUSE, Hartland, Michigan.





 





Jerseys. Bulls ready for service. extra quality sired

by Jacoba‘s Fairy Emanon. No. 107111, from high

producing dams. SMITH & PARKER. Howell. Mich.





 





~Heifcrs from Register of Merit

For sal. 1018013 Ancestry. Raleigh—King'and Exile

01 St. Lambert breeding. Also cows with Register of

Merit records. Waterman A1 Waterman. Ann Arbor. Mich





from high-producing dams.with

JIISO’ BIA“: Ior sale testi Asso. records, also on

semi-official test. 0. B. We nor. 8. 6, Allegan. Mich.





NOW IN SERVICE'k‘lng‘s’égitfptiiiiomiflri’li‘f





GREGORY & BORDEN. Howell. Mlohlcnn.





MAPLE Lane, Register of Merit Jersey HerdvTu-

. berculin tested by 11.8. Government. For sale

Register of Merit cows. also bulls. bull calves and

heifer calves. having from 3 to 'l Registerof Merit dams

in their pedigrees. IRVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.





J ERSEYS —For list of stock for



sale and Jerse facts

write A. P. EDISON. Sec. M. J. o. 0., 326 w. Bridge.

Grand Rapids. Mich. I! a breeder and a. member

of M. J. C. 0. send list of stock for sale to the above.





ERS EYs—YEARLINO BULL READY FOR

SERVICE. Also bull calves.

rockwater Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.





JE S

BUTTER BRED fiofi‘sffili‘"





CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.





Silver Creek. Allegan County. Michigan.





Young SIADI'IIIOI'II BIIIIS And Oxford Down Yearling





Rams for sale.

E. B. PETERS. Burton. Michigan. R. R. Elsie.





' I —Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all

:IIOI'IIIOI'II: ages for sale at farmers prices. C. W. Crum.

Secy. Cent. Mich. Shorthorn Breeders' Assn., McBride. Mich.





1lollflllllllllll BULLS FOll SALE—$3. “'ia‘iamé‘é‘xf’é





.160 lbs. milk and 518 lbs. butter with first calf in one

year. Reasonable price. Write. ll'.W. John-on.0mter,meh.





SllOllIllOlllls: OOHOIOE IOllllli BULLS FOR SALE

W h bl





. W. K 'APP. Howell. Mic gun.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





SHEEP.





mend Ewes fromthefir-t prize flocks of Cot-wold:

mice-ten. Lincoln: and Oxford Downs; two year: old ram:

and swan; yearling rams and lambs. either sex. Some of these

are unbeaten this year. Harry T. Crandsll, Cass City, Mich.





 





' —Yearlin¢ and ram lambs from Chain i

I-OIGBSI'I’S flock of Thumb of Mich. Also select 3233





shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm. Almont. Mich.





 





1





RAM s—snnlogsninns OXFORns AND

HA. SHIBES. Good strong well

wooled fellows ready for business. Ship ed you





to

without the mono . Isnt that fair? f so write

ROPE KON F RM. kinderkook. Michigan.





.PDLLED DELAlllE OMS FOll SALEiolifgafififill





cheaters. F. L. BBOKAW, Eagle. Michigan.





- - - -13.... ll 40 , ' .

Ohio Dolamos &. Memos .amy'i K3..y’%i.’:.3;”.2.

Priced l'I ht. s. H. SAN nus. Ashtabul Ohio.





Oxforddown Yearlings and Ram Lambs





M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.





XFORD Down Ram and Ewe Lambs. and Bog.

Berkshire's either sex. Priced to move quic .

CHASE'S srobx FARM. B. 1. Mariette. Michigan.





n mus TO BUY rungg‘nm sink? or

7 PARSONS “@2333? do

. ‘ ‘\ 53:“ “deli“..‘PWka‘r‘lns‘ysé‘Em

,- ,m can. 3.....iis.“....i.u...h.......

" . PARSONS.GrandLedge.Mich. 3L





 





 





hropshire Yearling and Ram Lambs. large frames.

S Wool and Mutton typo. Also 0. I. . swine.



G. P ANDREWS. Dansville. Michigan.



NOLESIDB FARM olfers fifteen choice recorded

I breeding ewes oi! i{cod ages. also earling and

lamb rams. IIERBE T E. POWELL. onln.Mich.





THOROUGHBRED SHROP. genres.





and 1 stock ram. 88 each. 18 lambs (10 ms as) 3». Al

choice. F. S. KENFIELD. Augusta. Michigan.





gogslmd Slim slain. Yearling: and llam Lambs.





HAWKIN . R. R. No. 2, Sutton's Bay. Mich.





APLESHADE FARM SHROPSHIRES. Ram

Lambs of Choice Breedin . Ewes all sold.

w. P. PULLING s: SON. 5mm... Michigan.





SIIROPSIIIRES‘YWi'i‘t‘ ”€3.31”: d1 ””2. °.§ ."'°°,;‘

' -9 am .

Prices right. WILLISQ‘SILLM Aim, Ragga... Mich.





Inrllvlig Shropshire llama al prices lhal are righl.





. E. MORRISH. Flushing. Michigan.





Resisting gxrunn Elvis-aims“





. . MILLER. Flint. Michigan.





SllllOPSHlllE DAMS Allll EWS EOll SALE





DAN BOOHER. R. No. 1. Marion. Michigan.

—llams and ewes.





REG. SHROPSHIR Prices reasonable.





HARRY POTTER. R. No. 5. Davison. Michigan.





HE MAPLES SHROPS-We offer 2) extra yearling

rams. a2-yr-old stock ram bred by Campbell. also

ewes. E. E. Leland a Son. B. R. 9. Ann Arbor. Mich





Tons.





B k h' —~Orders booked for sows to be bred for

er 8 "es next spring farrowing. Fall pigs $6

each now. B. B. REAVEY. Akron. Michigan.





llOlALIOIl 'IlllED DEDKSHIRES'gfigte’lES” .3831?"

with a era. $20 to $25 each. '

D. F. pVXLENTINE. Sup't.. Temperance. Michigan.

--R . h’ i’ '

Berkshire: hit 553?.‘5?3§°3{€h21“ti.2€ 33:21:33?

prices. White Oak Farm. It. No. 4. Brown City. Mich.





—S ‘l ‘, Gilt f M

BERKSHIRES fingi-lgvidlgulsld‘elet goflat0 once.a y

A. A. PATTULLO. Dockervllle. Michigan.





Anything in Reg. Chester White Swlne. 10 weeks

old pigs $10. Reg. Holstein Herd Bull cheap.

RAY B. PARHAM. Bronson. Michigan.





CHESTER WHITES. August and September pigs. from

sires as Chickasaw Bud. Modeler, Bronson King. Arcriificato

of registrflviili each pig. John Gintluig. Bronson, Michigan.





' —-Bred from State Fair prize win-

Hampsmre soars ners. March dz Apr. furrow. Prices

reasonable. John W. Snyder. It.Nc.3.(St. Johns.Mich.





 





Rains





 





 





 





 





HAMPSHIRE Swine-"Breedinfi‘ stock of all ages

from most popular strains. 'rite for breeding.

Inspection invited. Floyd Myers. R. 9. Decatur. Ind.





HAMPSHIRE SWINE-Choice young stock for fall breeding,

both sexs. prices reasonable. West \\ ind Form. Pontiac,

Mich. E. P. HAMMOND. Owner. N. A. WISER. Manager.





—-1 stock boar. also 3 and 5 months

00 '0 CO SWine old pigs from good thrifty stock.

Prices reasonable. N. H. WEBER. Royal Opk. Mich.





0 I c —Bred sows and spring pigs. large and growthy.

- I . Pairs and trios. not akin. rite your wants.

GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zeeland. Mich.





O I C ’ —Large boned. shipped on approvul.

O I S airs not akin. registered free.

J. W. HO ELL. Elsie. Michigan.





0 I c’ -For 12 years I have been breeding Big Type 0.1.".

I ' s swine and now have one of the best Big Typo herds

in the land. quality considered. Herd boar. Lengthy Prince

No. 381”, vol. 10 0. I. C. record, a 700 lb boar in breeding

condition. White Monarch No. 42058. vol. 16. 0. I. 0. record.

a 500 lb. Jr. yearling. Dams of equal size and merit. Young

stock for sale at all time. Prices, reasonable. Will ship C 0.1).

NEWMAN'S STOCK FARM. B. No. l. Morlett) Michigan.





c —Service boars. fall igs. pairs not

0 I I akin. Holstein Bull Ca ves. CLOVER

LEAF STOCK FARM. R. No. 1 Monroe. Mich.





 





 





o I c March, April and May pigs: the big,

I I I growthy kind that always makes good,

LEMUEL NIC 0L8. R.F.D. No. 2. Lawrence. Mich.





O I -Choice spring boars of March and

O I O A ril (arrow. Prices right.

JOHN BEBNER & ON, Grand Ledge. Michigan.





0. I. c. and Chester White Swine.





We won this year at 1]]. State Fair. nine first

prizes. four second and flveChampions including

both Grand Champions: at. Wis. we won twelve first

prizes. five seconds and all Champions. We have over

700 pigs on hand of eveg' age. All stock is shipped

on their own merits. . 0. D. ROLLING V EW

STOCK FARM. R. No. 2. Cass City. Michigan.





I --We are still brooding and shi ing

OI '- c s the Big Bone. Long Bodies. Short

Head and Straight Back 0. I. C. Hogs. We have some

dandy gilts and boars for sale. also Sept. pigs registered

in your name. y hogs are Cholera immuned.

J. W. WAY. Pompeii. Michigan.

0. I.





’ —Spring pigs. pairs and tries. no.



a In. from state fair winners.



AVONDALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.

—May I have the pleas-



o. I. C. SWine ure of receiving your

order for a pair or trio, not akin. of April





and May furrow. They are bred right. Satisfaction

guaranteed. A. J. GORDEN R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.





0 I c! —I have extra fine lot of last spring boars

-. - 8 and a lot of this fall pigs. either sex. not

akin. will have n. bred now sale in . an. mile west

of Depot. OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mich.





o I c Boars ready for service. Also spring

I I I gilts. stock recorded in Goshen Ind.

H. W. MANN. Dcruvllle. Michigan.





0 I 0 ——Choice boars ready for service, also



-_ I I open gilts and Au . pi . Pedigrees



furnished. Modowbrook Farm. 11:» stud-n. Mich.



O l c ghoice Gilt. for Spring Farrow. Not bred.

e o I 3y





ins. Choice serviceable boars the long

bodied kind. A VIN V. HATT. Grass Lake. Mich.





o. i. c. PICS AND 3m curs.

J. CARL JEWET'I“. Mason. Michlzln.

0-1-13} 'S'EAE‘P... '“ijefifil’il‘i‘wifii: 12$..me



3“ AMI Hula AN- “





 





.





31—419





 

 

 

 





Two «0. I. C. Hogs

Weigh 2806 lbs.





Why lose profits breedin



and feeding scrub hogs ‘

Two of our 0. 1. C. Ho 5



weigh 2806 lbs. Will sh p



you sample pair of these



amous hogs on time and



give agency to first applicant. We

are originators. most extensive breeders

and shippers of thoroughbred hogs ‘n the

world. All foreign shipments





U. S. Govt. Impacted





We have bred the 0.1. C. Hogs for 51 years

and have never lost a h with cholera

or any other contagious ase.

Write-Today—

for Free Book. ' ' The

Hot from Birth to Salc'





THE L. B. SILVER CO.

196 Vicken Bldg“ W 0.





O I C’s—Servioeable boars weighing 150 to3w1lis'

. ' Prices {gm to move them. I pay express.





G. P. ANDRE Sl Dansvllle. Michmn. ,





0 l G—IO good boars. 318 to 3% each. One vary

0 ° choice boar 830. Registered free.

0. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.





Duroc Jersey Boars





From Prize-Winning Stock.

Write. or better still. come.





Breakwater Farm,Ann Arbor,liich..li.F.D.l.

DUROC JERSEYS, Sspring Pigs For Sale





CAREY U. EDMOND Hastings. Michigan.





DUROC BOARS For Sale, p'gfgfiégghwglgfiz

about 1:5 lbs. April & May farrow 825 while they last.

H G. KEESLER. R. R. No. 5. Cnssopolis. Mich.





~Boars ready for service. some spring



Illll'oc Jerseys guilm and fall pigs. Satisfaction

. guaranteed or money refunded. Write or come and see.

Wm. D. McMullen. 67 Madison 1%.. Adrian, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





3nd a few bred sows for October

furrow. W C. TAYLOR. Milan.





nunoc JrnsEvs-tavsgrsrstiles.

BERT SWEET. R. R. No. 1, Hudsonvllie. Mich.





Duroc Jane’s-25 choice boars. some fine March gilts

. Michigan.





 





—Aug. pigs. either sex. Also Holstein

DIIIOO 1878018 . bull calf from tuberclin tested dam

at reasonable price. E. H. Morris. K2. Monroe.Mich.

KOIIN'EI. SlocK F‘HM nowpfier Duroc Jersey pi

. of either sex at reasonab 0

prices. E. R. CORNELL. Howell. Michigan.

Dunne JERSEYS—Spring pigs of eithersex at reason-

able prioes. Pairs not. akin.

W. J. BAUMAN. Burr Oak. Michigan.

DUROC JERSEYS—Spring pigs either sex at

reasonable rices. S. C.

STAHLMAN.Cherry Lawn Farm. ll.2.8 cpherd. M lch.

—-For sale of the heavy boned type.

DUIOC Jerseys A few choice boars and fall pigs.

M. A. BILAY. Okemos. Ingham 00., Michigan.

DUROC JERSEYS-35 fancy hours and gills of popular





bloodlines. good individual quality. Special prices for

30 (love. .10le McNICOIJ... Ste. A. R. 4. Bay City, Michigan.





POLAND OHINAS





 





 





 





The Large Prolific Kind





We...“ SPRING BOAHS





nice lot of

At Farmers' Prices.

ALLEN BROS





Paw Paw. - - Michigan.





——S ‘ ' '.h . "

POLAND 0|“le gfét'éfi.p3€§.i?‘.‘.n3’ifr°g§ 15.21%?

L. W. BARNES dc SON. Byron. Michigan.





LARGE IIPE P. ll.‘Efiifiérlfi‘b‘é’flfiinznbfifl 133

bred gilts. W. J. HAGELSHAW. Augusta, Mich.





POLAND emu aonus-sanitatiérwaa‘:

right. G. W. HOLTON. R. No. 11, Kalamazoo, Mich.





BIO TIPE POLAND GHIHAS For Salo‘éffili’d’i‘fd





by that great 1000 lb. boar. Hillcrest Won er. They '

make reat brood sows. Have also some splendid tall

pigs. ILLCREST FARM. Kalamazoo. Michigan.





' ' —March and April farrow. largo



POIaIId chma “g: and well rown. One yearling



boar. H.H.CONRAD, R. 4. arising. Michigan.



'20“ SALE—A choice bunch of Poland Chinas. all



_ . a es. over fifty head to choose from.

Prices right. (I YDE FISHER. St. Louis. Mir-l).





For Sale, Poland China Plgs‘éfi‘éffifephfii’Kim;

point. Carson city. A. O. Shinabargnr. Crystal. . ich





' of the bi type. March andA ril

POIaIlII maas tarrow. 'lqhe kind that pleascgur





customers. A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Mich.





Poland Chinas. either sex. all ages. Something good

. at ii low rice. Burguins in hours ready for ser-

vice. P. I). ONG. It. I". D. 8. Grand Rapids. Mich





Plum Creek Stock Farm now ofier choice heavy boned Duroc

Jersey Boers ready for service. Fall pigs, pairs not skin.

I“. J. Drodt. R No. 1. Men vs. Mich.





THE FARMERB' HOG.TButler's Big Boned Prolific

Poland Chinas grow big. has easy. mature early,

ready for market at 6 months. by? Because we've

bred them that way for more than 20 years. 60 big

boned. long bodied. high class boars at farmers' prices.

Buy one and make more money on your 110 s. P. (l.

J C. Bll'l‘LEIl. Portland. ichlgan.





L‘BGE ‘I’YPE P c —Lalggest (iin Mich“ Fall pigs a];

I-ao.orerasr1 '-.-

by the largest boar in the U. 8.. weightnwlfbsfin‘m

months old. me and see. Expenses aid if not as

represented. W. E. LIVINGSTON. arms, Mich

AROE STYLE POLAND CHINA SPRING d F

PIGS. Dalr Breed Shorthorn Bulls antinOx‘f‘olild

Buck Lambs. rloos right. Robert Nave. Pierson. Mich.





BIG TYPE POLAND CIIINAS“§.°$. ”it:





new homes. They are corker's and im .

WM. WAFFLE. Goldwater. Michigggfd





Mule Foot $722. amass. first? is:

faction guaranteed. G. C. KRIGLOW. Ada. Ohio





' ' —We have some i M

IOIkSIIII'O SWIDO sexes. Write fgrcfiiesgyiplivghbgill

prices. OSTRANDER BROS.. Morley. ichignn.





YORKSHIRES





The large. Ion - died, prolific kind. Gilts bred for

September on October furrow. A choice lot of

spring boars and gilts. Prices reasonable.



W. C. COOK. R. 42, Add. Michigan.





Llllle Farmstead Yorkshiresi





Open gilts and gilts bred for September furrow.

Spring pigs either sex. pairs and trios not akin.

Satisfaction guaranteed.





Alko Shropshire Rams.





History Free.





 





COLON C. LILLIB. Coopcrlvlllc. Michigan.
ii , .111» -





' ., I ‘ ‘ (‘1 .1 - . '1

' . f 9"" (fa-1. ~ ‘5

f.'.. " ‘ if} , ' o' ‘





' ' \7 .‘ . ,

.: 9% o\ J3»---





.. M"\3 ‘ _





‘ ” .——'—---3 -‘VV,

. I 1





 





' f ‘1 111-3 .





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





“1 ‘i i I ”11%





 





 





 





 





 





 





' iii





 





.

’5‘

O ‘0





“Not the Cure, But the Prevention, of llog Diseases is Your Big Problem.”





You’d scarcely believe the figures if you

knew the tremendous money losses that

hog diseases are causing the farmers of

America. It runs into millions of dollars.

Swine epidemics are constantly playing

havoc in different parts of the country.

Be on your guard.





It’s bad policy to wait until your hogs are

stricken with disease—it’s a mighty ex-





GILBERT HESS.

Doctor of Veterinary Science. Doctor of Medicine.



Fensive job to cure a herd—it takes very

ittle effort and triflin cost to keep a herd

sound and health . y message to you is

Prevention. An almost the whole secret

of prevention lies in proper feeding and

sanitation. Keep your hogs toned up and

free from worms—keep the animals, pens,

troughs and runs clean and disinfected

and ou’ll have very little trouble raising

healt y, weighty stock.





DR. HESS STOCK TONIC





Makes Stock Healthy and Expels Worms.





Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant





Destroys Germs—Deodorizes—Cures Skin Diseases. '





These two preparations are the result of my life-

time experience as a doctor of veterinary science,

a doctor of medicine and a successful stock raiser.

Dr. Hess Stock Tonic will put your animals in a

thriving condition, make the ailing ones healthy

and expel the worms. Contains Ionics to aid

digestion and appetite; blood builders to enrich

and tone up the blood; laxatives for regulating

the bowels and vermifages to expel worms. My

Stock Tonic will not only rid your stock of

worms, but put your animals in such a clean,

healthy, toned-up condition as to make worm

development impossible. My Stock Tonic is good

‘alike for hogs, horses, sheep and cattle.





want to insist, however, that sanitation is of

prime importance in dealing with hog and general

stock diseases. In this I am supported by the

leading veterinarians, scientists and government

experimental stations throughout the country.

Sanitation has beenrny constant message to you

for many, many years, through the agricultural





press, as being an absolute necessity for the

prevention of disease.





Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant destroys disease

germs, foul odors, and is an effective remedy for

parasitic skin diseases. For prevention of hog

diseases I certainly recommend the use of Dr. Hess

Dip and Disinfectant. Sprinkle or spray around

the premises, on the floors, bedding, feeding places

and troughs. Put it in the hog wallow. Dip the

hogs occasionally if possible. Where this cannot

be done, sprinkle or spray them. it will not only

kill the germs of disease, but the lice as well.





Bear this in mind: whenever an outbreak of dis-

ease strikes a locality only the fittest survive; the

strong, healthy, toned—up animal housed in clean,

germ—free quarters will weather the storm. The

use of Dr. Hess Stock Tonic and Dr. Hess Dip

and Disinfectant will put your stock in this class.





Now read every word of this broad statement:





So sure am I that Dr. Hess Stock Tonic will put your animals in a thriving condition.lmake the ailing

w ones healthy and expel the worms—that Dr. [less Dip and Disintectant will destroy toul odors and q



disease germs. prevent and cure skin ailments and keep your premises clean and sweet smelling—

" that l have authorized my dealer in your town to supply you with enough tor your stock. and it these



preparations do not do as I claim, return the empty packages and my dealer will retund your money





The above dependable and scientific preparations are never peddled—sold only by reputable dealers whom

you know. I save you peddler’s wagon, team and traveling expenses, as these prices prove: Dr. Hess Stock

Tonic, 25-lb. pail $1.60; 100-lb. sack $5.00. Smaller packages as low as 50c. Except in Canada, the far West

and the South. Dr. Hess Dip and Disinfectant is sold in pint bottles, quart and gallon cans, also in barrels.





I had. a 600’: about Dr. Hess Stock Tonic and Dr. Hen Dip and Disinfectant that you may have for the asking.





DR. HESS & CLARK, Ashland, Ohio





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Dr. Hess

Poultry

Pan-a-ce-a





A Splendid poultry tonic that

shortens the moulting period.

It gives the moulting hen vitality

to force out the old quills, grow

new feathers and get back on

the job laying eggs all winter.

It tones up the dormant egg or-

gans and makes hens lay. Also

helps chicks grow. Economical

to use—a penny’s worth is

enough for 30 fowl per day. 1!:

lbs. 25c; 5 lbs. 60c; 25-lb. pail

$2.50. Except in Canada and

the far West. Guaranteed.





Dr. Hess

Instant

Louse Killer





Kills lice on poultry and all farm

stock. Dust the hens and chicks

with it, sprinkle it on the rooSts,

in the cracks and dust bath.

Also destroys bugs on cucumber,

squash and melon vines, cab-

bage worms, etc., slugs on rose

bushes, etc. Comes in handy

sifting-top cans. 1 lb. 250; 3

lbs. 60. Except in Canada and

the far West. I guarantee it.