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542—21

Winter ,VVork

OW that the days have begun to
shorten and the nights overlap
in order to fill the space of time

made vacant by the shortness of the
days, the farmer begins to settle back
and prepare to rest from his long
hard summer’s work. And the mer-
cury in the thermometers seems to
want a rest and it, too, settles down
nearer the bottom of the tube, as if it
had put in a hard season’s work and
wanted a time to recuperate. If the
past season has been a successful one,
and we truly hope that it has, there
is a great deal of satisfaction to the
farmer to feel that he has earned a
rest and is about to get one.

If the crops have all been bumper
ones and the granary and the cellar
are filled to their capacity, then there
is a contented feeling which every
farmer should enjoy. But winter is
the time when the profits are eaten
and burned up and winter is the time
when most farmers sit by the stove
and wait for the next season and
watch their hard-earned profits go.
However, there are a few jobs which
should be done in the winter. it they
are done at all, because you are too
busy to do them in the summer.

Plans for Next Year.

All of the general planning for the
coming season should be done in the
cold months of the year. Make a gen-
eral map of the. farm and figure out
just. what you intend to do with each
field the next year; what crops you
will grow in each, how you will work
certain fields, how much fertilizer you
will use, and all of the minor details
which you should carefully work out.
Suppose you intend to sow some alfal-
fa this next season and you are not
sure just how to go to work to pre-
pare your seed bed and lime your
soil, inoculate the seed, etc. The dull
time of the year is the time to find
out all this information. Study up the
subject, talk with people who have
raised alfalfa, and learn where they
have made mistakes, and profit by
them.

Maybe you are intending to go into
the dairy business, or to raise pure-
blooded stock, then you had better
study up the question while you have
time. Look up some of the perform-
ances of the various breeds and indi-
viduals in these breeds so that you
will be posted and will not have to
take another’s word for it. And, of
course, if you have a dairy herd then
you will want to buy a silo, so inform
yourself on this question. A well in-
formed man is the one who knows
what he wants and why he wants it,
and then he gets it.

Perhaps you have been unfortunate
enough to have made a failure on
some certain crop or field, while your
neighbor was successful with the same
crop. Try to find out just why you
failed and he succeeded; satisfy your-
self whether it was the seed or the
soil or your methods that were at
fault.

The Farm Inventory.

The winter is the time to make an
inventory and to find out just where
you stand. If an inventory is taken
each year, then you know just how
much you have made or lost during
the past year. You find out whether
you are over-stocked or under-stocked,
in other words, you have something
tangible to work on. Business men
all over take an inventory each year
at the close of the busy season, so
why should not the farmer do like-
wise. The farmer should be a busi-
ness man and he should use his
methods.

The accounts should be gone over
and checked and figured up. Figure
where you have made useless expendi-
tures, that you may do away with the
expenses which do not bring in re—
turns. Go over the milk records of
the individual cows and find out the
ones that are paying for their board

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMEit}

on " the F arm.

and lodging and a profit besides. Pick
out the “star boarders” and make ar-
rangements to dispose of them as
soon as possible. Go over the feeding
accounts and figure out whether you
have fed too much or too little. These
are the things that make the farmer
money if they are attended to, and
lose him money if he neglects them.
Figure out the cost of the fertilizer
which you used last year, and see if
it paid you.
The Farm Equipment.

The cold stormy days are the days
to make a list of the things which you
will have to buy the next year. Find
out how much fertilizer you will need.
Then start to get prices on them from
various firms so that you will know
where you can buy advantageously.
Perhaps you can buy a carload of feed
and fertilizer and thus save the mid-
dleman’s profit, by buying wholesale.
Or if you can not use a whole car-
load, perhaps you can get one of your
neighbors to go in with you and there-
by get a carload for the two of you.
Plan to buy your next year’s supply
in a lump, thereby making a big bill
of it instead of a lot of smaller ones.
In this manner you can get the benefit
of a better price.

The slack time is the time to make
the repairs that you have to make.
Some of the machinery needs new
parts, so why not get them and put
them on so that the implements will
be ready to use when you need them.
It takes so long to get repairs and if
they were ordered in the winter you
would not be inconvenienced by the
delay as you are sure to be later in
the season. Many dollars are lost in
the busy season by the lack of repairs
and part of this could be saved if it
was attended to at the proper time.
If you are fortunate enough to have a
workshop, the time to make eveners
and whiffletrees and neckyokes is be-
fore you absolutely need them. Forks
need handles, and shovels also, so fix
them up for the time when you are ac-
tually in want. The harness can be
overhauled and cleaned and repaired
so that it, too, will be ready to use

(75.. .

and will not‘have to be Wired up part
of the summer because you are too
busy to fix it. ' .

‘ Next Year’s Seed.

Look up some good seed for next
year if you haven’t any saved from
your own crops. And then be sure
and test the seed so that you will
know it will grow at the proper time.
Poor seed is the. cause of more fail‘
ures than most people think. No mat-
ter how good the soil and how well
prepared, if the seed is not fertile and
strong the crop cannot be good. Get
some seed that is adapted to your soil
and climate so that it will grow on
your land.

Thus I have tried to give a few of
the things which I think of utmost im-
portance to every farmer, and which
he can do without any great amount
of effort. It is the small things which
we are apt to overlook that go to
make up the large things. It is my
opinion that most farmers do not plan
enough for their own and their farm’s
best welfare. Some men work so hard
themselves that they do not realize
that the men whom they hire are
shirking, and these are the men who
try to make up by hard work and
main strength the thinking and plan-
ning they should do.

Planning and working go together.
Working without a plan is nearly as
bad a fault as planning and never
working. Some work and never plan,
while others plan but never get right
down to work. These are the two ex-
tremes, but the man who can work out
a happy medium is the man who is
going to make a success of his work.
How often you hear it said of some-
one, “there is a lucky man,” and the
people who say that do not know that
the object of their remark perhaps is
working his head and planning his
work so that it goes off smoothly and
brings the results and the profits.

Many men are making good returns
for time spent in the winter planning
their next year’s work. In other busi-
nesses men are paid good salaries just
to oversee and plan the work, and
surely their planning must be worth
what they are. paid, and more, or they
could not cemmand the price which
they do for it.

Genesee Co. L. S. BRUMM.

IiiI!lllllllll”Hill!lllllllllllillllllfiflfllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllIIHlIHllIHHllIIHHHNIIIlllllllllllll IIHlllllmlllllillllllllllllllllllillllllllIllllllllllllllll"lllllllllllllllllllllllllliiilillllllml”HilllllllllfllllHHINIHIHHIHIII

Testing Seed Corn With the “Rag-Baby’ 9

HE approach of cold weather,
with its sleet and cold and wind,
means idleness for many farm-

ers. Not uncommon is the man, after
winter closes in, who can feed his
stock, close up the barn warm and
snug, and retire to the house to read,
think or snore. The use of a portion
of this time with a “Rag-Baby” corn
tester will mean more ensilage for his
cows, more corn for his swine, more
roughage to feed or bed his horses,
and an increased supply of money for
the comfort of his family and himself.
The test is simple but sure. If proper
care is taken of the corn from the
time of testing up to planting time, it
can be applied just as accurately with
the temperature below zero as during
the warm days of spring when the
farmer “just can’t spare the time for
any seed testing.” No troublesome
boxes of dirt are brought in to litter
up the kitchen and cause extra work
for the housewife. Just a narrow strip
of cloth, a pencil, pins,.paper and a
basin of warm water are the only
equipment needed for a safe test.

Countless farmers in Michigan real-
ize the advantages of fall selection of
seed corn and are choosing fine ears,
either from the field just before cut-
ting or during the work of husking.
They believe in carefully drying and
storing it so that it cannot mold or
freeze. It has been their experience
that when they have depended upon
buying from a more careful neighbor,
all that can be procured is that too
poor for his own use. , Here and there
farmers are'testing their seed corn,

too. They cannot help seeing the
wide differences in yield produced
through the use of some simple tester,
with absolutely no extra charge to
make against the crop. '

Perry G. Holden, the world’s lead-
ing corn expert, once selected forty
ears of seed corn, each ear exactly
alike as near as he could estimate,
from an Iowa farmer’s supply. Ker-
nels were germinated from each ear.
One ear was dead. Others were strong
in vitality and some of them were
weak. The seeds from each ear were
planted in separate rows. The ker-
nels from the high-testing ear produc-
ed corn at the rate of 92 bushels per
acre. The poorest ear yielded at the
rate of 24 bushels to the acre. The
test showed up the good and the bad,
but no man on earth could have pick-
ed out the poor cars by merely look-
ing at them.

On the first blizzardy day of this
winter that you are driven into the
house, bring out a bushel or two of
seed corn, move a table over to one
of the kitchen windows where you can
work comfrotably and start one, or
more “Rag-Babies” to testing your
seed corn. The test is. conducted in
the following manner: A good, strong
piece of sheeting, nine or ten inches
wide and from six to seven feet in
length, is marked off into 15 or 20
squares by drawing lines crosswise.
Each square is then numbered from
one. to 15, or whatever number of di-
visions there may be. The cloth is
then thoroughly dampened and spread
out on the table or floor. The seed

 

mic. 19. 1914.

corn is laid out beside it, one ear for
each square. Each ear can be num-
bered to correspond with its square by
pinning small labels into the end at
the cobs. With a sharp knife- remove
six kernels of corn from car No. 1,
taking them from different places on
the ear, and place them on the cloth
in division No. 1. Do likewise with
No. 2 and so on. When all of the
squares are filled, carefully roll up the
cloth and corn, trying not to displace
any of the kernels. A rubber band or
string is. placed around it tight
enough to hold the kernels in place.

The bundle should then be placed in
a pail of warm, but not hot, water,
and allowed to soak for three or four
hours. I have had a pail full of seven
or eight “Babies” at one time, having
prepared several strips of cloth and
thereby testing a bushel or two of
corn at a time. At the end of the set
time the water is drained off and the
pail wrapped carefully in newspapers.
The pail must be kept in a room
where the temperature is warm all
of the time for if the corn is alloWed
to freeze the test will not be accurate.
After two .days, more warm water is
poured on and left for 15 or 20 min-
utes, drained off and the pail recover-
ed again. By the end of the seventh
or eighth day the sprouts should be
long enough for examination. Care
must be taken during all of this time
that they are not allowed to get too
cold. If one kernel out of any square
has not sprouted or the sprouts are
weak or moldy, the corresponding ear
is unsafe and should not be used. As
a general thing this “Rag-Baby” test
sorts out two or three ears from every
dozen and prevents just that amount
of seed from being planted in careful-
ly prepared soil to produce nothing in
return.

After the testing is complete the
good ears must be carefully taken care
of until spring. They must not be al-
lowed to freeze, get wet or have a
strong heat near them. A satisfactory
way of handling the corn is to shell
it, tie it up in a bag and hang this up
in a dry, warm place where rats or
mice cannot reach it.

Do this now. Any of these cold days
are all right when the warmth of the
house will feel mighty good. You
know that when the warm days of
next spring catch you there will be no
time for “Rag—Babies” or any other
kind of a test. The sooner it is done
the better, for it will mean a larger
income and better crops for the year
of 191'!

Montcalm Co. A. M. BERRIDGE.
FROM NEW CEMENT CIS-

TERN.

WATER

 

Having just built a new cement cis-
tern to water my stock from, I would
like to know if it will hurt the cows
to drink such water. Some farmers
told us it was not good for cows to
drink the water from fresh cement.

Kent Co. H. A. K.

This is a'question I never heard
brought up before, and I do not be-
lieve there is anything in it. I can
see no. reason why the water from a
new cement‘cistern will be in any
way harmful to the cow. I cannot be-
lieve that it would. Cement is made
from clay and limestone or marl, and
there is nothing in these products that
would be harmful. Sometimes the
waste products from the iron furnace
is used as one of the ingredients of
cement, but here, again, there is noth-
ing that is harmful. Besides, very lit-
tle of the cement would be soluble in
the‘water, and I cannot see that any
harm could come. I should pay no at-
tention to this, but water the cows as
you intended.

I have had some experience in this
respect. We built two large water
tanks out of cement blocks and plas-
tered them on the inside with cement.
These tanks were 30 feet long, four
feet wide and three feet deep. Our
cattle and horses drank from this
from the first, and no injury to them
was ever noticed. COLON C. LILLIE. ..

‘ .

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DEC. 19, 1914.

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

State Potato. .Meeting.

 

- MMEDIATELY after the State
Horticultural Society annual meet-
ing adjourned, the Michigan State

Potato Association went into session

in the same hall. Its first meeting,

which was held Thursday evening,

December 3, started with a good

crowd and plenty of interest in the

talks. This being the fact, is an indi-
cation that this association which is
not quite a year old, is a good healthy
youngster and is sure to make itself
heard in the rural affairs of the state.

In his annual address, President A.
L. Hopkins, generally reviewed the po-
tato situation of the state and the pur-
poses of the society. He urged that
local associations be formed to work
in harmony with the state association
so that the objects of the association
would be more quickly accomplished.
Potato production is one of Michigan’s
most important agricultural indus-
tries, this state having been the lead-
er in this crop for many years, and it
is due time that the production and
handling of this crop become organiz-
ed and systematized.

The Objects of the Society.

In his report Secretary C. W. Waid
also spoke of the purposes of the so-
ciety, but in more detail. Among the
plans the society had in mind were
the standardization of varieties so
that each variety would not be known
by half a dozen or more names; also
to organize the'growers of each com-
munity so that they will decide on
one or two varieties and grow them
exclusively. Seed selection with ref-
erence to the improvement of the type
and also to control disease, is also
one of the prominent features of the
society’s work.

Wisconsin's Experience.

Prof. J. W. Milward, of Madison,
Wis., who is secretary of the Wiscon-
sin Potato Growers’ Association, told
of the work of their association in
that state. This association which is
two years old, has been very success-
ful in accomplishing work similar to
that planned by the Michigan associa-
tion. They are working under more
favorable conditions than our state
society, as they have an appropriation
from the state, and the Horticultural
Department of the Experiment Station
had already started the work which
they are now undertaking; In their
work with reference to varieties, this
association found that among 50 va-
riety names there were only five va-
rieties, each variety going under sev-
eral names. Rural New Yorker and
Green Mountain were considered the
best varieties for the state. It has
been Wisconsin’s experience that seed
inspection has been very valuable be-
cause it caused the growers to look
into their own conditions and be more
careful in selecting seed. As in Mich-
igan, the county experts and local as-
sociations co-operate with the state
association, and it was found that the
local associations never got down to
brass tacks until the state association
was organized. The state association
also intends to issue uniform premium
lists for the fairs, and to co-operate
with dealers in the improvement of
potato market conditions.

Possibilities of Organized Effort. '

In his usual pleasing and forceful
manner, Dr. Eben Mumford, of East
Lansing, spoke of the possibilities of
organized effort in Michigan. He said
that organization is in the air, and
that in a state where there are 167,000
potato growers as there are in Mich-
igan, a potato growers’ organization
ought to become powerful and bene-
ficial. He said that potatoes were
fifth in importance of the crops grown
in the state, and that 85 per cent of
the farms grew them. The crop of
forty-four million bushels in this
state was grown in thirty countries,
and one-fourth of their value was lost
by diseases. In 1840 there were no

diseases; now there are twenty. Or-
ganization was necessary to keep
these diseases in check, and also to
assist in modern marketing methods.
He found that graded potatoes
brought five to ten cents above the
market price, which would add a mil-
lion dollars to the value of the crop of
the country. He said that we, in this
country, did not appreciate the value
of the potato, stating that in Ger-
many it was used in the dry state, for
making starch and alcohol, and as. a
stock food, the fresh consumption in
that country being only a small por-
tion of the crop.
Variety Tests.

The first number on the program
for the Friday morning session was
the report of the research committee.
Mr. H. J. Smith, of Alpena, spoke on
“Varieties.” He stated that each com-
munity should select the commercial
variety which was best adapted to its
local conditions. He also mentioned
that it was very necessary to have po-
tatoes ripe when dug, stating that the
ripeness was worth five cents a bush-
el. In variety tests he had carried
out, he found that the late Petoskey
was the best variety for his section
of the state, having averaged ten
bushels per acre more than the Rural
New Yorker. He was not satisfied
yet as to the disease resistance of this
variety, and hoped in the future to get
some data on this matter.

Mr. C. B. Cook, of Allegan, reported
on “The Use of Fertilizers.” He spoke
on the value of tests carried on by a
large number of farmers because it
brought into consideration the per-
sonal attitude of the farmer and soil
differences. Fertilizers were general-
ly used in a sort of hit and miss way,
and before the farmer could get full
value out of them he would haVe to
consider the type of soil, the past
treatment of the farm, seasonal varia-
tion, varieties and the condition of the
seed. Mr. Cook foundx' humus very
important and commercial fertilizer as
very valuable in the solution of the
fertilizing problem. Barnyard manure
would not solve the problem, as it did
not contain all the elements for prop-
er fertilization. He said in general,
light soils needed potash the most,
and the soils of a clayey nature were
mostly in need of phosphorus. All
soils but muck were in need of nitro-
gen as well as humus. It was found
that light soils will only hold one-
third of their weight of moisture,
while humus will hold ten times its
weight of it. Prof. Henry G. Bell, of
Chicago, also spoke on fertilizers, giv-
ing very valuable suggestions with
reference to the use of commercial
fertilizers on which he is an authority.
He said that it wasn’t fair to ask com-
mercial fertilizers to take the place
of other things, and that humus, cul-
tivation and other modern methods
were just as necessary when they
were used as at other times. He
spoke of the importance of the appli-
cation of commercial fertilizer, and
said that improper application often
resulted in getting poor results. In
most all cases he found drilling the
fertilizer in gave best results.

Spraying for Blight.

Hon. Jason Woodman, of Kalama-
zoo, gave a concise but very practical
report on spraying. Mr. Woodman has
had considerable experience along this
line, and the information he gave was
of great value. He said that it did not
pay the poor grower to spray, as he
would not get enough increase in yield
to pay for the extra trouble, but one
who followed all the modern methods
of potato culture would find that po-
tato spraying usually paid, although in
some seasons whenpthe late blight
was not very prevalent it did not pay.
He stated that early blight was the
most destructive, but could not be
controlled by spraying, and that to

control late blight thoroughness in
spraying was most essential.

Mr. L. V. Crandall, of Port Huron,
gave a report on “Grading.” He said
that this subject touched on marketing
which was a very important subject.
He found that graded potatoes brought
ten to fifteen cents more in Port Hur-
on than the ungraded ones. He spoke
of the work that the wide-awake St.
Clair county organization was doing,
and of the interest the growers were
taking in this new work. One of the
features of this association's work was
the inspection of the fields and the
spudding out of potatoes not true to
type.

The Round Table Discussion.

The round—table discussion, under
the leadership of J. H. Skinner, of

.Grand Rapids, brought out some very

valuable information. Mr. Robinson,
of Saginaw, stated that the consumer
wanted the potato which was of a
good size, flat and white. He said
that the potato growers were fortu-
nate in the fact that the highest type
of potato was almost the most produc-
tive and profitable. Mr. Blandford, of
Newaygo county, gave a very interest-
ing report on fertilizer experiments
he had carried on during the past
summer. He had generally found fer-
tilizers profitable, and in one case he
found that potatoes in the check plot
had 50 per cent which were too small
to be marketed, while in the fertilized
plot, 90 per cent were marketable. Mr.
Woodman again spoke on spraying,
stating that no crop less than two
hundred bushels per acre could be
profitably sprayed. He found that the
average increase of nine years of
spraying was $10 per acre. He said
that it was essential to spray the first
time when the tops were five to six
inches high, and that the first three
sprays should be put on a week apart.
Mr. Crandall gave another short talk
on organization, telling of the buying
and selling of good seed from Wiscon-
sin that the organization undertook.
This seed was sold to the farmers at
cost plus transportation, and the de-
mand was double the supply.
Growing High-priced Potatoes.

The Friday afternoon session open-
ed with a talk by E. M. Pierce, of Kala
amazoo, on “Growing High-priced Po-
tatoes.” Mr. Pierce was a believer
in cowpeas and commercial fertilizer
for fertilizing purposes. After telling
of his various methods of potato grow-
ing—which were all modern—Mr.
Pierce told of his method of market-
ing. This consisted of selling direct
to the consumer. From early in July
to late in October, Mr. Pierce covers
regularly twice a week certain routes
in Kalamazoo. By selling to the con-
sumer a high quality graded potato,
he has been able to keep customers
for his potatoes at fancy prices. This
year he sold his winter potatoes at
60 cents a bushel when potatoes were
selling at 30 cents on the market. The
extra cost of this method of market-
ing was not over five cents a bushel.

“How we secure a high average
yield of potatoes,” was told by Mr.
Woodman when he spoke of the meth-
ods they used on his farm in Paw
Paw, stating that he used potatoes in
a rotation. This rotation was so ar-
ranged that potatoes were grown on
the same ground only one year in ele-
ven. Mr. Woodman was formerly an
advocate of formalin for soaking seed
potatoes, but since he has become ac-
quainted with some of the newer dis
eases he has used corrosive subli-
mate. He uses small whole potatoes
for planting, and will hereafter cut off
the stem end of each potato in order
to control the wilt and other diseases.
He uses about 27 bushels of seed per
acre, and gets yields of 380 bushels
per acre.

Potato Diseases.

Dr. Orton, potato specialist of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture, gave
an illustrated talk on potato diseases.
This talk was very instructive and
forcibly brought to the mind of the

3—543

ordinary grower the seriousness of
some of the new potato diseases. One
can hardly realize that'the common
spud could be affected with diseases
having such high-sounding names.

Friday evening was given over to
the annual banquet. Besides enjoying
the feast and the witty and instructive
toasts, the diners enjoyed illustrated
talks by Dr. Orton and Prof. Bell.

Saturday morning the election of
officers was held, and resulted as fol‘
lows: A. L. Hopkins, of Bear Lake,
president; C. W. Waid, East Lansing,
secretary; Ernst A. Bessey, East Lan-
sing, treasurer; F. J. Stoffard, of El-
mira, and Jason Woodman, Kalama-
zoo, as members of the executive
board. -

After the usual business was dis-
pensed with, Prof. H. J. Eustace gave
a talk on “Pointers on Potato Cul-
ture,”. in which he gave many practi-
cal hints on the culture of this popu—
lar farm crop. Prof. Ernst A. Ilessey
spoke on “The Importance of Seed Po-
tato Inspection,” in which he brought
out the relation of seed inspection to
the control of disease. This annual
program was concluded by a round-
table discussion on “Marketing the
Potato CrOp,” which brought out many
interestiig points. It was apparent
that the marketing problem is the
most interesting to the members of
the association, and the participation
of some of the potato dealers in the
discussion added considerable interest.

That this first annual meeting of
the Potato GrOWers’ Association was
a success, goes without saying. The
intense interest in the program and
the large number in attendance was a
credit to the association and made one
realize that it will play an important
part in the development of the potato
growing industry.

 

ERADlCATING SPARROWS.

How can 1 best kill the sparrows
around my premises?
Calhoun ()0. F. H.

The method of eradicating sparrows
advised by Dr. Barrows, of the Mich-
igan Agricultural College in his book,
“Michigan Bird Life,” is as follows:

“During midwinter when the spar-
rows have congregated in the towns
and cities and when heavy snow has
covered most of the available food,
and they are pinched more or less for
supplies, they should be baited for
several successive days to some sta-
ble yard or enclosed area where they
will gather in immense numbers if
not needlessly alarmed. When sev-
eral hundreds have thus been lured to
feed regularly, and the amount of
food which they will consume com-
pletely has been determined, a simi-
lar amount of the same food, previous-
ly soaked with strychnine and care-
fully dried, is fed to them at the usual
time. Ordinarily, the whole of this
poisoned grain will be eaten, and four-
fifths of the sprrrows will die within
a few moments and within a few yards
of the feeding place. The remainder
will flutter a little further away, but
within a few hours, every sparrow
which ate at this place is likely to
die. No danger whatever is to be ap-
prehended to cats, dogs, pigs or other
animals which might eat the poisoned
sparrows, and if any poisoned grain
is left uneaten, it can readily be
swept up for use at another time or
can be destroyed by burning if desir~
ed. There is far less cruelty in kill-
ing sparrows in this way than by or-
dinary shooting or trapping, since ex-
periment with caged sparrows shows
that strychnine is very quickly effec-
tive and that the sparrows die from it
with practically no pain at all. It is
important that the poisoning should
be done only during the winter season
when all native birds are absent, and
in case poultry or pigeons are attract-
ed by th’e baiting, they may be exclud- ‘
ed by the use of coops made of laths,
through the spaces of which the spar-
rows can pass freely, While the pig-
eons will be kept out.”


 

544—4‘

TH EM I CH i G‘A‘N 'FA-R' M'E’R‘

Introduction to a Study of Apple Vareties

The Second of the Special series of- articles by John W. Fisher, relating his findings in
making a survey of Michigan Apple Industry.

HE prospective orchardist is con-
fronted with a problem when he
approaches the task of selecting

the varieties of apples for his orChard.
He burns the midnight oil poring ov-
er nursery catalogs, only to retire
more bewildered than when he start-
ed, for hundreds of varieties are list-
cd and pictured, with each and every
one described in glowing terms. The
search is further complicated by the
loose use of synonyms in the catalogs,
for the same variety may appear un-
der several different names in the var-
ious pamphlets. If all nurseries would
adopt the nomenclature of varieties
as approved by the American Pomo-
‘logical Society, the task would be
much simplified. And finally,'if the
nurseries would try to aid the fruit
grower in the selection of varieties,
by confining the descriptions to accu-
rate data the service they would ren-
der the fruit industry would be of un-
told value.

The grower then turns to the ex-
periment station bulletins for guid-
ance, but again he is more or less con-
fused, because the average bulletin,
dealing with the selection of varie-
ties, will usually list anywhere from
twenty to thirty as suitable for planti
.ing. The orchardist needs only five
or ten kinds if he is intending to plant
a commercial orchard, and again he is
perplexed as to which to choose, for
in all probability the greater propor-
tion of those named are well suited to
his conditions.

Each Grower Has His Favorite
Variety.

As a last resort he asks his neigh-
bors for their opinions and advice.
But here again he is apt to be misin-
formed, for every fruit grower has his
favorite variety, although his choice
may be caused by abnormal condi-
tions which are peculiar to his loca-
tion. In preparing the questions for
this survey the writer reviewed the
reports of the Michigan State Horti-
cultural Society for twenty years, in
an endeavor to learn the problems in
which the Michigan growers were
most interested. One of the facts
which impressed itself upon him was
the frequency with which the discus-
sions turned to the matter of varie-
ties, and how many men vigorously
defended unheard-of varieties. This
point is well brought Out by a state-
ment made by Mr. O. K. White, field
horticulturist of the Michigan Agricul-
tural College, to the effect that a man
has written to him year after year to
find out where he can secure three
carloads of Kiefer pears, as he has
found a special market for that vari-
ety. This man can never be convinc-
ed that the Kiefer is not generally
considered to be a good market pear;
but the mere fact that he has found a
special market for this variety does
not mean that a sufficient demand ex-
ists to warrant the general planting of
the Kiefer.

Things to Consider in Selecting

Varieties.

The prospective orchardist is now
at the end of his resources and is still
unable to choose from the many va-
rieties obtainable. But he has con-
fined his attention to those best suit-
ed to his needs as viewed from the
growing standpoint alone. The choice
of varieties as determined by market
likes and dislikes has been a practi-
cally unexplored field until recent
years, but should be given just as
much weight as growing considera-
tions, and may aid in narrowing the
lists.

In the next few articles the choice
of varieties as viewed from both an-
gles will be discussed, based upon the
answers obtained from both market
men and the growers in this survey,
but the remainder of this article will
be devoted to a general discussion of

factors which must be taken into con-
sideration in this matter.

First comes the question as to how
many varieties should be chosen.
Probably the prime determinant is the
location of the proposed orchard. If
it is intended as a commercial propo-
sition and the fruit must be barrelled
and shipped, it is Wise to confine the
plantings to some five or ten standard
varieties, so as to have a sufficient
supply to enable the shipment of
straight cars of one variety, facili-
tate the grading and sizing operations,
and act as a magnet for buyers. No
large buyer can afford to trifle with
an orchard composed of thirty or
forty varieties, with not a sufficient
amount of any one kind to make up
a carload.

Considering the Local Market.

However, if the orchard is to be lo-
cated near a large city, such as De-
troit, other considerations will enter
in. If the fruit is to be hauled direct-
ly to the city by motor truck or wag-
on, it will be better to have a number
of varieties which will mature in suc-
cession, thus affording a continuous
supply for the pickers and wagons.
Secondly, an assorted load must be
carried to secure the best results in
this direct marketing, because the
grocers or housewives will probably
desire both cooking and dessert ap-
ples. Thirdly, a succession of varie-
ties greatly simplifies the labor prob-
lem, for the work of picking and pack-
ing is not concentrated in a few days
but is spread over the entire season,
and fewer men are given more contin-
uous labor. This is one point which
must be considered in the limiting of
the number of varieties to be planted
in a commercial proposition, for the
fruit grower situated at some distance
from the market is even more trou-
bled by labor problems than the man
nearer town. The problem may be
solved to a certain extent by the
planting of other fruits which will oc-
cupy the help during the dull periods.
This is nevertheless an all-important
point which is too many times entire-
ly overlooked by planters.

The Market Value of Varieties.

The writer does not wish to unduly
emphasize market considerations in
the choice of varieties, to the neglect
of other factors, for it is not always
true that the apple which brings the
highest'price on the market will pro-
duce the greatest net returns. The
cost of production varies greatly for
the different apples and this must be
taken into account. This is one of the
excuses for the continued existence of
the Ben Davis, and, as one man re-
cently remarked, “If you are shipping
to the city where the people don’t
know the Ben Davis from the Spy, it
may pay to raise Ben Davis.” How-
ever, in this particular case, this is
doubtful advice, because of the ulti-
mate injury to the reputation of the
grower with the trade. But as Mr. T.
A. Farrand, of Eaton Rapids, remark-
ed, “Don’t plant any more Ben Davis
in Michigan; but if you have Ben
Davis trees in good cendition on your
farm, do not cut them down. The Ben
Davis will always be the market ap-
ple of the south.” .

It also must be remembered that a
apple which brings a high price on
the market may be a shy producer,
may be exceptionally susceptible to
injuries, diseases. pests or frosts, or
may have poor keeping qualities. All
these points must be taken into con-
sideration before a final choice is
made.

Quality Pays. .

The first impulse is to select early
bearing varieties, under the impres-
sion that just so many years of pro-
duction will be gained. But an or.
chard should be looked at in the light
of a permanent investment, as to what

will pay best in the long run“ An ap-
ple, such as the Spy, may take from
ten to fifteen years to come into bear—
ing, but when it does begin to bear,
the increased returns which the high
quality fruit will bring may more than
repay all the years of non-production
and a handsome interest on thenc-
cumulated investment. The writer has
long held rather pronounced views on
this matter, and so when this survey
was made, availed himself of the op-
portunity to ascertain the feeling of
the market men in regard to the in-
vestment features of a Northern Spy
orchard. Their answers will form the
basis of an article which will appear
in this series in the near future.
Another problem which confronts
the planter is the relative value of
color and quality in a market apple.
This question has. been thoroughly
treated in the. survey and the mate-
rial is too extensive to be treated in
this article. It may be stated briefly,
however, that the question of quality
must- not be entirely subordinate to

‘color, which at the present time, is un-

questionably the prime market con-
sideration. For with the increased
knowledge brought to the consumer
through the extensive advertising
which the apple is receiving at the
present time, the consumer is gradual-
ly undergoing the transformation into
a connoiseur. When the transforma-
tion is completed, color will not be ac-
cepted as a substitute for quality, for
the consumer of fancy apples will
know varieties, and will buy quality
rather than appearance.

Considering Soil Requirements of

Varieties.

The adaptation of the orchard land
is a prime factor, for varieties of ap-
ples are particular in their soil re-
quirements. This subject has not been
given the attention which it deserves,
and the information available at the
present time merely accentuates the
necessity of future work along this
line by the experiment stations. An
apple tree will grow upon almost any
soil supplied with sufficient plant food
and of such a texture as to allow

DEC. 19, 1914.

proper drainage. But this should not

be sufficient for the commercial or-
chardist. He wants to know what va-
riety will do best on his particular
type of soil, for he knows that the fac-.
tors of ripening, color, keeping quali-
ties, etc., are all influenced by the
soil conditions.

In conclusion the writer will say
that in this surVey the attempt has
been made, not to name all the good
varieties, but to choose from five to
ten varieties which are known to us
to be good, and which the commercial
planter,'under average orchard condi-
tions, will not make any mistake in
planting. There are several‘ varieties
which have been marked leaders in
both the answers of the growers and
the commission men, namely: North-
ern Spy, Baldwin, Rhode Island Green-
ing, Oldenburg (commonly called the
Duchess), Red Canada (or Steele
Red), and Tompkins King; with the
possible addition of the four varieties
Wealthy, Maiden Blush, Yellow Trans-
parent and the Russets (Golden and
Roxbury). The naming of varieties
as here employed may arouse dissen-
sions, especially the use of the term
Red Canada, but the writer has used
the official nomenclature as approved
by the American Pomological Society,
and will use these names through the
entire series.

To Consider the Standard Varieties in
Detail.

The attempt will be made through-
out the discussion to consider these
varieties more in detail than any oth-
ers, both from the growing and _mar-
keting standpoint, inasmuch as these
varieties seem to be so much in favor
with both growers and market men.
The attempt will be .made in this ser-

ies to determine the varieties which _

no grower, under normal conditions,
can make a mistake in planting in a.
large commercial orchard. The writ-
er believes that the above named ap-
ples form such a list, and anyone who
reads the following articles in this
series carefully, cannot fail to be im-
pressed by the overwhelming senti-
ment in favor of these varieties.

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Horticultural Society Meeting.

 

(Continued from last week).

The Tuesday evening session was
opened by Mrs. Henry Hulst, ex-pres-
ident of the Michigan Teachers’ Asso-
ciation. She spoke on “Community
Planting and Parks,” and made a plea.
for country-side planting. She said
that it was a mistake to cut all the
brush from the roadside and that our
rural districts were fast becoming un-
attractive, due to this practice. While
president of the Teachers’ Association
Mrs. Hulst carried on a tree planting
campaign, which resulted in ten times
more trees being planted last year
than ever before. She said that the
cities were giving more attention to
this matter, and as a result were be-
coming more beautiful than the coun-
try. She stated that there were mil-
lions of acres in the state of no value
except for forestry purposes, and she
hoped that they would be developed
in that way and that everything
would be done to preserve the timber
standing at present. Much of this
waste land which has been turned
back to the state should be made into
natural public parks.

H. J. Eustace, the popular professor
of horticulture at M. A. C., showed
some very interesting slides of Michi-
gan fruit scenes; these he accompan-
ied by practical hints and suggestions.
Prof. Eustace realizes the value of
conveying information by the picture
method, which often gives a more last-
ing impression than talking would.

The students’ speaking contest,
which was held Wednesday morning,
was as usual, very interesting and
chuck full of information. Twelve
students participated in this contest,
the first prize going to D. A. Stroh, of

Washington, D. 0., who talked on
“Two Common Scales and their Con-
trol.” T. W. Cochrane, of Elk Lake,
Pa., who had for a. subject, “Michi—
gan’s Need for an Apple Packing
Law,” won the second premium, and
Kris P. Bemis, of East Lansing, who
spoke on “Raising Bartlett Pears in
the Pacific Northwest,” won the third
premium. These students’ contests are
annual features of the State Horticul-
tural Society’s program, and have be-
come one of the most valuable fea-
tures of it, because of the valuable in-
formation given out in the talks. It
is a feature which is mutually bene-
ficial to both the society and the stu-
dents, and the society always feels
repaid for the premiums it offers, on
account of the information gained.
The Business Meeting.

The annual business meeting fol-
lowed the contest. The secretary and
treasurer’s report showed that the so-
ciety is in very good condition, but
due to the various changes in its man-
agement, it needslthe hearty support
(if every fruit grower in the state.
The society is doing a worthy work,
and every fruit grower in the state
should feel it his duty to become a.
member. There were various changes
made in the constitution and by-laws
to suit present conditions. These laws
were written years ago and some fea~
tures greatly needed the changes
made.- The election of officers result-
ed as follows: C. A. Pratt, Benton
Harbor, president; R. A. Smythe, also
of Benton Harbor, secretary; Henry
Smith, Grand Rapids, treasurer; Luth:
er Hall, Ionia, and Thomas Gunson,
East Lansing, members of,the execu:
tive committee for three years, andC‘.‘

\ ,

 

 

 

 

 

<
.m—n‘. v- u

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

DEC. 19, 1914.

A. Bingham, Birmingham, as-a mem-,

ber of the committee to fill the va-
cancy caused by the election of Mr.
Pratt to the presidency. The fine con-
dition of the records of the society,
and the business-like management the
society has received in the past year
is a great credit to Secretary Smythe,
and all members were greatly pleased
when he was elected to office again.

The Wednesday afternoon session
of the annual meeting of the State
Horticultural Society was opened
by a talk by Mr. Allis on “The
Value of Cold Storage on the Farm.”
Mr. Allis has a cold storage house
very similar to those of the commer-
cial kind, which has a capacity of
15,000 barrels; the system of storage
he started with was the calcium chlor-
ide method, but he found this imprac—
tical for a storage house of the ca-
pacity of his, as it took too much la-
bor to crush and prepare the ice. He
is now using the ammonia system not
under pressure and finds it very satis-
factory. His storage house is on the
railroad, which makes it convenient
for him to ship and also carry on
commercial storage business. He has
found that storage pays, this year,
the stored fruit bringing 75 cents a
barrel over the price ofiered by the
buyers at the beginning of harvesting.

New Horticultural Experiments.

“New Points in Horticulture,” was
given in a very interesting manner
by Prof. H. J. Eustace. He spoke of
the differences between trees of the
same variety under the same condi-
tions, and told of the results of an in-
vestigation along this line at the L. E.
Hall orchard at Ionia. Prof. Eustace’s

general conclusion was that the pious; ,

used in grafting transmitted the pe-
culiarities of the tree from which they
were taken. He also spoke of a new
method of fertilizing and invigorating
fruit trees. This method was the
spraying of nitrate of soda on the fol-
iage. It was found that this had a
very invigorating effect on the foliage
and if sprayed before the blossom
buds opened, would cause earlier blos-
soming and general invigoration of
the fruit buds. He also spoke of the
dust method of spraying as compared
with the liquid method. Generally
this method has not been successful
or practical, but in New York an ap-
plication of four parts of sulphur and
one part of arsenate of lead proved
effective but was too expensive for
practical use. For greenhouse pur-
poses, however, it was of some value.

Mr. W. W. Farnsworth, the promi-
nent Ohio fruit grower, gave a very
instructive talk on peach growing.
The conditions were different in Ohio
from those in Michigan. He said
that light soil was not as necessary
for peach growing here. His orchard
was surrounded by swamps, which he
thought was beneficial in the matter
of frost protection. He urged that
growers do not crowd their trees, stat-
ing that he set his Elbertas 25 feet
apart. He did not believe in inter-
planting, and only cropped his newly
set orchard one or two years. While
the immediate returns from the or-
chard under this method were not as
great, he was sure that the additional
profits in the future would make this
method advisable. He advocated vig.
orous and early growth, and said that
no matter how large the growth was,
if it was stopped early enough in the
season to harden up, it would not be
subject to winter-killing. He advocat-
ed low headed trees and the open
head method of pruning. Peach spray-
ing, he said, was still experimental,
the safest and most efficient spray to
use being the self-boiled lime-sulphur.

The Woman’s Session.

At the woman’s‘session, which was
held immediately after the Wednes-
day afternoon session, Mrs. Ralph Bal-
lard, of Niles, spoke on “A Woman’s
Life on the Farm.” She urged the use

of all methods Which would make the”

household work easier, and said that

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

the investment in household conven-
iences was profitable.

“How I Run the Farm,” Was the
subject on which Mrs. C. B. Cook, of
Owosso, spoke. Mrs. Cook has had
considerable experience in the active
management of farm work, and said
that with the assistance of a little
good natured jollying of the men, she
got along very well.

The annual banquet was, as usual,
the festive occasion of the annual
meeting. After satisfying the inner
man, the banqueters enjoyed mental
food and entertainment through the
numerous toasts given. The general
trend of the toasts was historical, and
the newer members of the society
gained interesting information with
reference to some of the pioneers in
society work. The Kalamazoo Normal
School Glee Club added greatly to the
entertainment with selections during
and after the banquet. The college
yells of the Normal School and M. A
C. made the prevailing spirit one of
youth.

Farnsworth on Marketing.

Mr. Farnsworth opened the Thurs-
day morning session with a very in-
teresting talk on “Marketing.” He
told of their method of selling direct
to the retailer, and of the various
ways he had in keeping the relations
between himself and his customers
satisfactory. Every year he gave an
outing and dinner to the grocers of

 

tical suggestions. He suggested that
the fruit grower test every barrel of
lime-sulphur and dilute accordingly,
as there was considerable variation in
the mixture. He found powdered ar-
senate of lead as efficient as the paste,
and stated that it required only half
the amount. For the control of the
cherry fruit fly and apple maggot, the
addition of one~half gallon of molasses
or glucose to a barrel of spray was
very effective in attracting the in-
sects. He found that it was not nec-
essary to spray all of the trees in the
orchard, as the insects would be at-
tracted to those sprayed with this
mixture. He urged strongly the prop-
er control of the blight, and said that
in spring when it was usually the
worst, it was often necessary to cut it
out two or three times a week.

Mr. Hale Tennant, secretary of the
Grape Growers’ Association, spoke on
“The Marketing of Grapes.” He said
that the Michigan grape growers were
sadly in need of co-operation, and
that while they grew one-half of the
country’s crop, they got only one-third
of its total value on account of loose
marketing methods. While 75 per cent
of the grapes of the country were
sold through organizations, the re-
maining 25 per cent controlled the
market by setting prices. The shoe-
string broker was the one who demor-
alized the grape market.

The program was closed by C. W.

 

A Sod Mulch Pear Orchard in Van Buren County which has Been Producing
Profitable Results.

Toledo, which is his market, in order
that they might become better ac-
quainted with him, and also see grow-
ing the fruit they were selling. Mr.
Farnsworth grows a succession of va-
rieties, as he finds it necessary to keep
that kind of trade. He packed his
fruit honestly in attractive packages,
and in each package put a slip guar-
anteeing the fruit.

Prof. R. H. Pettit gave interesting
information on some of the new in-
sects troubling the fruit; among them
were the red bug and the grape leaf
hopper. The red bug made its ap-
pearance last spring, and in some
places caused considerable damage. It
works by puncturing the leaf or fruit,
and sucking the sap. It causes very
knobby irregular fruit. It can be con-
trolled by spraying with a nicotine so-
lution when the blossom buds first
show pink. The only method of con-
trolling the grape leaf hopper was to
burn all the rubbish around the vine-
yard. Mr. Pettit found the scale par-
asites of no value, saying that the
seven species found in this state had
no apparent effect on the scale. Where
the scale is very bad, he recommend-
ed two sprayings in spring instead of
one in fall and another in spring. For
the control of the army worm and
cutworm he found the following form-
ula very valuable: Twenty pounds of
bran crushed, three oranges, one
pound of Paris green, and one-half
gallon of molasses or glucose.

Mr. O. K. White gave a talk on
“Spraying,” which was full of prac-

Waid with a talk on
Melons.” He urged the rotation of
crops in the control of melon diseases,
and the use of a legume in the rota-
tion for fertilizing purposes. Manure
spread broadcast with well-rotted ma-
nure in the hills, gave the best re-
sults as a fertilizer. As the Michigan
Farmer intends to publish an article
on the above subject by Mr. W‘aid, fur-
ther reference to his talk will not be
necessary.

 

A NORTHERN NUT FARM.

 

The south has its pecan farms;
California has its walnut farms, and
the New England, Middle Atlantic and
North Central states can soon have
their shagbark farms, black walnut
farms, and filbert farms. In more fav—
ored locations, there may also be
northern pecan and hardy English
walnut farms. We now know how to
graft and bud all these trees and it
merely needs the finding of the best
parent trees. The pecans are already
in hand, and there are some very
promismg English walnuts on the list.
We already have one very fine black
walnut, and a good shagbark or two.
I know of one shagbark tree that has
produced $10 worth at current prices.

If you have a promising black wal-
nut, shagbark, or hazel, send sam-
ples_of the nuts and an account of its
bearing'record to Dr. W. C. Deming,
Georgetown, Conn. He is secretary of
the Northern Nut Growers’ Associa-
tion, an organization that is trying to
gather the information to give the
north a nut industry. They are offer-
ing $5.00 prizes for best black walnut,
hickory, and filbert. Ask your neigh-
bors about it and help America to‘dis-
cover herself.

5—545

   
   
 

Read my Bpok-
See, my Prices-
Before you, buy a my

 
   
   

 
 

ll

u

       

ThiaWHTEE no "2711“" outlawing
good service we. fiflstm, Chillioothe, lo.

WIT ENGINES

Kerosene, Gasoline 8: Gas
You can now own 3 00d Engine for
less than you can 0 Without one.
LOOK A T THESE PRICES!
2 Il-P. 834.95; 4 114’, 869.75: 6 ll-P. $97.75;
. 8 H-P. $139.65; 12 ll-P. 8219.90;
16 ll-P. $298.80; 22 Il-P. $399.65.
Stationary, Portable, Skidded and Sawrig styles.
Standard for 27 years. Why pay two prices for arm
good en ine or take chances on a poor, or doubtf
engine for any kind of a price when the WITTE
costs so little and saves you all the risk.

lIBERAI. 5-VEAII WARM".

Easy terms of ayment. at regular prices.
”you don’t wishfopay all ca.gh.f
Get my Book e ore
Book Free Mme...” my
engine. Costs nothing to be sure
of our selection, even if you don 1:
pic 3 WI’I‘TE. Learn the maids
of the engine business and how

        
       
       
     
     
       
  
  
    
    
 

 

   
   
  
 
  
    

  
       
  
 

   
 
  
   

to ‘ d e en ines for yourself.
geln me jgust your address so J00 r0
! can send an my New Book 4”: GE
and BestO er by return mail. ”6/”
“7),. E ,

Ed.H.Wllle, Wilts iron Works,
Kansas City. lilo.

E

 

2195 Oakland Ava.

   
     

/ I V\\\\
l)

   

O
f
n There’s a lot
of good mon-
ey in it; if
you have a
real good
wood-saw.

TON

    
 

 

” woon SAWS

are built to withstand the greatest strain
and wear that a wood—saw gets. Strong.
rigid frames of heavy steel, or of hard-
wood; bolted, braced and mortised. Non-
rigid boxcs-dustproof, non-heating and
self-adjusting. Shafts of lathe-turned steel.
Ten styles: with tilting or sliding tables.
Get Wood Saw Booklet now—also circular
about theAppleton All—Purpose Grinder.

Appleton Mfg. Co. 620 FuzoSt..Bntnvie.lll.

MAPLE SYRUP MAKER

The Grimm Evaporator

 

 

 

 

“Pickles and :1

used by principal
. maple syrup iiiiikeis
everywhere. Snv- .
in: of time and fuel I '~ ,'
; alone will pay for '- y'
‘ the outfit. Write for
catalogue and state .
number of trees you
tap.

GRIMM MANUFACTURING CO.
l69-62l Champlain Ave., N. W. cleveland. Ohlo.‘

LIME '

Pulverized magnesinn lime rock for "sour" soils. ‘
Write for LOW Bummer Prices direct to you from
Muske on and Benton Harbor. Michigan.

LAX SHORE STONE (30.. Milwaukee. Wis.

LIMESTONE

For General Farm Use. ~
Finely pulverized, made from highest high calcium
atone. Quick shipments in closed cars. Let us send
sample and price.

Northern Lime 00., Petoskey, Mich. i

-—You should get the highest grade
of limestone manufactured. Buy
it upon the basis of analysis. We
manufacture the highest finds pul-

verized limestone sold 1 l h' .
Let us prove it. Ask for sample and anzlysig. igan
CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian Rlvor. Mich.

 

 

 

 

LILLIE’S SPECIAL BRANDS

BUFFALO FERTILIZER

Made from best material. Alwavs 1- li bl
Lune. Potash, Acid Phosphate, Nitrate 0% god:

Agents wanted in. unoccupied territory, Ship di-
rect to farmers 111 outlets. Fertilizer questions
answered and farm soil surveys made on request.

Colon C. Lillie. Sales Ant. Coopersville, Mich.

will":n-aaasmasasaisas
YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED CO., Owosso, Michigan.

Ito San. Medium Green
ind Ohio No. 9035 Boy
Beans. Wax Gfirclllei; Bflnlsd
room-corn . '
Pens. Mammoth Glover Seed; 1 e 9

Submit liberal samploe.
EDW. E. EV B " 422

ANS Lock 0 .
9 West Branch. Michigan.

 

 

 

 

 


 

546—6

0LT training, on the average
farm, does not occupy a very
prominent place in the list of
duties to be performed. It is too .of-
ten a rainy day job, left for the boys
to do, or turned over to incompetent
hired help.

Colt training is of too much import-
ance to allow it to take a subordinate
place in the work about the farm.
There is scarcely a day passes with-
out a horse being used in some way.
Working or driving, a horse may make
things very unpleasant for his owner,
day after day, year in and year out,
by some habit it may have.

When one hitches a horse to a new
buggy, or 'to a piece of new machin-
ery, the cost of either of which may
often exceed $100, the risk of losing
that buggy or piece of machinery de-
pends, to a large extent, upon the re-
liability of the horse. It would sur-
prise many farmers and teamsters if

THE, MICHIGAN, FARMER."

Training the Celts.

By PROF. JESSEE BEERY, OF OHIO.

attention to any one thing for any
length of time; that of a mature colt
for not longer than a half hour at
most.

Attention depends upon Interest and
a colt has but very few points of in-
terest. If a man wishes to keep the
attention of a colt and get results he,
too, must put his attention to the
work and keep his mind working with
that of the colt.

In attempting to train a colt when
too young, one is likely to take up too
much time, lose its attention, and al-
low it to pick up habits that are unde-
sirable. If a les'son is continued, after
a colt’s attention is lost, it becomes
an annoyance to the colt and may
cause it to retaliate by kicking or bit-
ing or doing something that lays the
foundation of a bad habit.

Taking everything into considera-
tion, there is little gained, and much
may be lost, by attempting to train a

 

 

:4-u'fi- —..r,.., ' - ~
Amy _ a. “

:4
\

Kym, Tsmt‘»

N ‘M‘I‘ufi filly...
they kept an accurate account of the
amount spent every year for repairs
or breaks caused by horses.

The Cause of Most Bad Habits.

It is not an extravagant statement
to say that nine-tenths of all the accl-
dents and trouble caused by bad
horses, can be traced to improper colt
training. Most of the bad habits, that
develop later in a horse, are the result
of either the lack of colt training, or
the wrong kind of training.

Since the unpleasantness of many
years’ work, the possible loss of many
dollars’ worth of machinery and even
the safety of human lives, depends so
largely upon proper colt training, it
ought to have a more important place
in the order of work than a rainy day
job. There ought to be someone more
responsible to look after it than a
reckless bunch of boys, or an indif-
ferent farm hand.

The Proper Age to Begin Training.

There are many things to consider,
when one speaks of training a cult,
and I consider nothing of greater im-
portance than the proper age at which
to begin the work.

It seems foolish to me to tinker
along two or three years in training a
colt, beginning the training when the
colt is too young, when it can be more
easily and better taught in a few
hours after the colt reaches the cor-
rect age.

The tissue of a young colt’s brain is
too soft to retain a lesson any length
of time and, therefore, the lesson must
be repeated. The probabilities are
that the lesson will not be repeated
just exactly as first given and more
or less confusion results. It may be
that several different people will have
a hand in the training, when it ex-
tends over so much time, and this al-
ways results in confusion to the colt.

One good impression, fixed upon the
brain of the colt, from 18 months to
three years old, stays for the remain-
der of its life.

Undivided Attention Necessary.

No effective training can be done
without the colt’s undivided attention.
A colt, under .18.months, cannot fix its

,W¢‘/ .

 

The Colt Ready for His Lesson.

colt before it shows the form and
qualities of a mature horse.
Let Your Colts Run Loose.

There may be occasions where it
will be necessary to train a colt to do
a few things at an early age, for in-
stance, to stand tied or to lead with a
strap. If it is absolutely necessary, of
course, there is nothing else to do.
For myself, I would prefer that the
colt run loose rather than get the hab-
it of chewing straps, slipping halters
or develop other habits.

When he is old enough for actual
use, 15 minutes is long enough to
teach him to stand tied so that never
after will he pull on a strap. Another
30 minutes, or less, will teach him to
lead obediently without the prancing,
crowding and other pranks that the
early—broke colt usually indulges in.

How to Reach a Colt’s Brain.

The first thing necessary in colt
training is to establish a line, or lines,
of communication between man’s
brain and that of the colt in order
that there may be a mutual under-
standing. There are three lines of
communication in common use: the
bit, the whip and the voice. Some-
times only one, sometimes two, and
often all three are used.

A “”green colt doesn’t know the
meaning of the words, “get up.” When
a colt is struck directly on the back
of his hips he naturally moves for-
ward. The stroke of the whip is usu-
ally preceded with the words “get up.”
The colt soon associates these words
with the stroke of the whip and obeys
by the word alone.

Teaching a Colt to Turn.

It is easy to arouse stubbornness
and often causes a tough mouth by
pulling too hard in teaching a colt to
turn. The idea is more easily con-
veyed if, when the first pull on the
right line is made, a tap of the whip
on the side of the right hip follows
almost at the same moment.

The tap of the whip causes the colt
to step over with the hind legs and
the slight pull on the lines turns the
head a little and you have him turned
without resistance. About the second

\

I

or third time the colt, feeling the
pressure of the bit, will anticipate the
tsp of the whip and step around with-
out being-touched. Now he has an
idea of the meaning of the bit pres-
sure. He understands you and is in
a good humor—the only possible con-
dition in which he is teachable.
Proper Use of the Whip.

The whip, being one of the means
of communication, should always be
used to. convey distinct ideas. It
should never be simply an object of
fear. Whenever you see a horse dodge
and try to get away, when a whip is
brought toward him, rest assured

that the whip, as a medium of com-

munication of ideas, has very limited
value to that horse.

The Power of the Human Voice.

The power of the human voice to
convey ideas to a horse is almost un-
limited. It can be sharp, rasping and
irritating or it can be calm and sooth-
ing. One can almost tell by the driv-
er’s voice what kind of a team he has.

Most people do not use their voices
enough around their colts and horses.
Many a misunderstanding could be
avoided by its proper use. Sometimes
it must be soothing, sometimes a tone
of authority must be used, and always
it must be under control. When the
voice is used right all the ideas, con—
veyed by the whip or bit, can be ex-
pressed by it alone.

With these three mediums, the bit,
the Whip and voice, it is not a difficult
thing to convey man’s wishes to the
brain of the colt.

I cannot emphasize too much the
necessity of proper and thorough colt
training. If you train your colt right,
it will stand tests that others would
not stand after several years’ driving.
It means something to have a colt
that is trustworthy.

The Seventh of 52 Special Articles
to be published in consecutive issues
of the Michigan Farmer. Another arti-
cle by the same author on another
phase of colt training will appear in
a future issue.

A CH—EAP WINTER FEED.

 

Many farmers in Michigan will find
it necessary to winter their horses
upon some other roughage than hay.
In many parts of the state there has
been a shortage of bay for two or
three years and the present high
prices place it out .of the question as
a feed for idle horses. Many cannot
even supply their cows with it. Stock~
men who raise sorghum find that this
feed with shredded or chopped corn

   

hit/'4".

“HM/V r A) ‘ ’ I
u 'I I
me ~ I,, ' (If/«K ’ \\\

fodder, oat and wheat straw, with
some grain, will winter the horses in
satisfactory condition. Buy a barrel
of cheap molasses. It will furnish
more variety, improves the palatabil‘
ity of the coarse feed, helps to keep
the stock in better condition and is
cheap when the amount fed is consid-
ered. Some time ago an experiment
was conducted with two utterly worn-
out and poor horses. They weighed
about 900 and 9M pounds respective-
ly. In place of the usual ration of hay
and oats, the animals were given
three times each a day a quart of mo-
lasses mixed with three quarts of wa-
ter and poured evenly over five
pounds of cut hay. The results were
surprising. In two weeks. the first
had gained 40 pounds in weight and

”/1.

D1991”. 1914".

the other added 45 pounds of good
hard flesh. After four weeks on this
diet they were led onto the scales 8.
second time. The first had added 95

pounds and the .mate had improved to'

the extent of l02 pounds.

During the experiment both horses

shed their hair but after six weeks on
this feed their new coats were glossy
and healthy looking. 'At the end of
the trial period the first horse weighs
ed 1,075 pounds and the other 1,086
pounds. They were no longer weak

or ill, and were immediately placed.

and employed profitably by a business
firm.

Before purchasing any molasses for
our own stock, over a year ago, I ask-
ed one of the liverymen in a neigh-
boring city if he had ever fed molas-
ses to his horses and what he
thought of its feeding value. He seem-
ed very enthusiastic in his reply, for
he had been feeding it for some time.
He asserted that molasses was the
cheapest feed to keep his horses fat
and in good trim of any that he had
ever used. His method was to pour
about one pint of clear molasses upon
the oats at each feed, after the rough-
age had been eaten. The horses rel-
ished it very much. Molasses seems
to supply just the element of nourish-
ment that the horse needs, especially
when the other feed is not of the best.
It helps to keep the appetite from lag.
ging and places the body in shape to
enjoy the best of health.

During all of last winter we used
the regular stock molasses upon the
roughage fed to both cows and horses.
It was very satisfactory and we con«
sider it an economical feed. We shall
use it in the same way again this
year. The horses, after the steady
work had been completed, received
each day one feed each of sorghum,
shredded corn-stalks and oat straw,
with a little corn for grain. We fed
the molasses only once each day, at
noon, when it was sprinkled upon the
straw. Two quarts, dissolved in about
six quarts of luke- -warm water is all
that the seven horses got each day,
but the effects of it could readily be
seen in their good condition. The
straw was made quite palatable for
the horses would eat it readily and in
large quantities.

Care mustbe used when feeding
molasses to cows and heifers not to
give them too much, as there is a be-
lief, founded no doubt, on the truth,
that in time the free feeding of molas«
ses will lead to barrenness. Our cat-

       

. \ul"
'..//.

Teaching the Turn to the Right.

tle were fed the molasses more as an »
appetizer with their straw than as a'

separate feed.

Farmers who have no hay to feed
will surely find this a profitable sup-
plement to their ration. It can be fed
to advantage up to two quarts apiece
each day to horses, preferably on oats
or with the straw. With such large
quantities it would be a good plan to
chop the straw up and mix the two
thoroughly together. During cold
weather the molasses barrel must be
kept in a warm place Or the molasses
dissolved in hot water for it will be-
come very thick. It is so inexpensive
that anyone can give it a. trial and I
am confident that it will become a vaL
uable help in their winter feeding.

Montcalm Co. A. M. Bushman. '

:- ,,. V, . '51:”...

 

 

 

 

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i

 

 

 


 

 

A; M..—

 

 

T f‘VEEW “

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i

 

 

Kr‘mfie ..

 

m maxim.

PROFIT IN WINTER 'PIGS.

 

Can a farmer afford to feed and
care for a brood sow a whole year for
one fitter of pigs? It has been our
experience that the brood sow must
be run to her full capacity, like a
piece of machinery, in order to be
profitable. If two litters are raised
each year, one of them must be grown
when there is little if any green food,
and when the general conditions are
such that the pigs must be handled
with some degree of skill in order to
get any profit from them.

The fall pig has some decided ad-
vantages over that farrowed in the
spring. If the sow is bred in May,
which is perhaps as good a time as
any, she can be put on pasture during
the entire period of gestation. An
abundance of grass and other succu-
lent food that is both nourishing and
cooling to the system of the dam is
just what is needed for the proper de-
velopment of the embryo hog, and in
the pasture there is no lack of that
exercise'so necessary to the well-be-
ing of both during this critical period.
For these reasons, fall litters are al-
most invariably more even, stronger
and better developed in every way,
than those farrowed in the spring. Ob-
serving breeders cannot fail to notice
this.

When the pigs are farrowed in Aug-

 

TH E ‘M’I c H I

time whenthe farmer’s pocketbook is
quite empty, there being little if any-
thing that he can turn into cash at
this season.

Illinois. A. B.

FEEDERS' PROBLEMS.

 

Forage Crops for Hogs.

How do hogs do on rape, alfalfa and
sorghum, say equal area of each? Pro-
viding the season is favorable for all
these crops could not five acres of
each of these crops grow and feed 150
hogs? That is, 15 acres in all.

Monroe Co. H.

0f the crops mentioned, alfalfa is
undoubtedly the best forage crop for
hogs, with rape a fairly close second.
In order to secure the best results
with the use of these forage crops,
however, a moderate grain ration must
be fed in connection with them. Sorg-
hum would not, in the writer’s opin-
ion, be as profitable to grow for hogs
as corn which could be hogged down
in the fall when the hogs were ready
to finish for market, thus making a
cheap method of harvesting same.

In pasturing hogs on alfalfa, no oth-
er forage crop is needed during the
summer, but it should not be so heav-
ily stocked that it will not make a fair
growth to be cut for hay. Then the
hogs should be taken out and turned
in again when the alfalfa has made a
good start. By dividing a field, the

 

 

 

 

 

 

Good Winter Quarters for the Late Fall Pigs.

ust or September, there is no chilling
to death by cold rains or snow. The
sows are quite certain to do well, even
if they are neglected by their owners,
which is very often the case on ac-
count of corn-cutting or seeding of the
wheat. During the suckling period
there is generally plenty of young fall-
grown grass, waste vegetables and
other succulent food, which promote
an ample milk flow, and the shoats
go into winter quarters strong, vigor-
ous and thrifty.

The most critical time for winter
pigs is after they have been weaned.
However, if the hog-house is warm
and dry, no fears need necessarily be
entertained. A mash made of bran or
middlings, or both, makes as good feed
at this time as any. At this season
there is plenty of leisure time so that
the best possible treatment can be
given. Of course, as the severe weath-
er advances, they should have food to
keep up the animal heat and corn is
the best for this. ‘

Winter pigs are usually ready for
market in March or April, when they
should weigh from 175 to 200 pounds.
The market is, seldom if ever over-
stocked at this time, and the price is
therefore better than in the fall when
the spring pigs are sold. Our experi-
ence has been that the difference in
price is often sufficient to more than
balance the difference in cost of grow-
ingf Another .point that is very valu-
able is that the money comes at a

hogs can be alternated between the
two lots.

It would be impractical to grow
enough forage on 15 acres to feed 150
hogs. It is far better to under-stock
rather than to over-stock the forage
crop with hogs. The average number
of hogs which can be profitably pas-
tured on an acre of different crops in
experiment station trials has been
found to vary from 12 to 30, according
to the crop used and the age of the
pigs.

A Grain Ration for Cows and Fattenc
ing Cattle.

What grain ration do I need to feed
to cows that are fresh this fall, and
fattening cattle that weigh about 1100
lbs., to make a balanced ration? Have
ensilage that would husk 100 bushels
of ears to the acre, in good shape,
also timothy hay, cornstalks and oat
straw.

Livingston Co. F. H.

The foodstuffs in the roughage part
of your ration all have a wide nutri-
tive ratio, that is, they contain carbo-

hydrates or heat and energy nutrients

in excess of the protein or flesh build-
ing nutrients. Therefore you should
provide for this by using concentrated
foodstuffs that have a narrow nutri-
tive ratio, that is, those that have pro-
tein in excess of the‘carbohydrates,
like cottonseed meal, wheat bran, oil
meal, gluten feed, etc. I would sug-
gest for _a grain ration, cottonseed
meal, wheat bran and corn meal. For
the cows I would feed two pounds of
cottonseed meal per day and enough

GAN- FAR ME‘R‘

bran and corn meal mixed equal parts
to give the cow a total grain ration of
one pound of grain to three or four
pounds of milk produced. The cow
giving rich milk requires more food
in proportion.

For the fattening cattle you are safe
to feed more cottonseed meal. In
fact, for cattle, feed cottonseed meal
alone for the grain ration if you wish,
and it is undoubtedly the cheapest
source of protein you can purchase.
Begin with two pounds of cottonseed
meal and increase to four to six
pounds. This, with all the roughage
they want, should make them thrive.

QUARANTINE MODIFICATIONS.

 

The Secretary of Agriculture has is-
sued amendment six to B. A. 1., order
230 as effective December 7, which
modifies foot-and-mouth quarantine re-
strictions affeting the following
areas: All counties in Michigan, ex-
cepting Montcalm, Ottawa, Ionia, Clin-
ton, Shiawassee, Genesee, Lapeer, St.
Clair, Macomb, Oakland, Livingston,
Ingham, Eaton, Barry, Allegan, Van
Buren, Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Jackson,
Washtenaw, Wayne, Monroe, Lena-
wee, Hillsdale, Branch, St. Joseph,
Cass and Berrien. Also those portions
of the New York Central Stock Yards,
East Buffalo, New York, and Belt
Road Stock Yards, Indianapolis, Indi-
ana, specially cleaned, disinfected and
reserved for live stock from outside
of the quarantined area.

This amendment permits the inter-
state movement of live stock into ter-
ritory above described and shipments
therefrom for immediate slaughter to
places where federal meat inspection
is maintained, also removes the re-
strictions from shipments of dressed
carasses, hides, hay and straw from
the territory above described.

The amendment further provides for
the inter-state shipment of live stock
on Bureau Inspetion and certification
(said certificate must be attached to
way bill) for immediate slaughter to
places where federal inspection is
maintained, from the counties of
Montcalm, Ottawa, Ionia, Clinton, Shi-
awassee, Genesee, Lapeer, St. Clair,
Macomb, Oakland, Livingston, Ingham,
Eaton, Barry, Allegan, Van Buren,
Kalamazoo, Calhoun, Jackson, Wash-
tenaw, Wayne, Monroe, Lenawee,
Hillsdale, Branch, St. Joseph, Cass
and Berrien.

The State Live Stock Sanitary Com-
mission also permits the movement of
live stock for immediate slaughter to
points within the state where federal
inspection is maintained, from the fol-
lowing named townships in the follow-
ing counties now under quarantine:
Township of Day, Montcalm county;
townships of Mt. Morris and Argen-
tine, Genesee county; townships of A1-
mont and Bruce, Lapeer county; town-
ships of Van Buren and Sumpter,
Wayne county; townships of Summer-
field, London and VVhitford, in Mon-
roe county; townships of Deerfield,
Blissfield, Palmyra, Ogden and Riga,
Lenawee county; townships of Quin-
cy, Bronson and Butler, Branch coun-
ty; townships of Benton and Walton,
Eaton county; township of Liberty,
Jackson county. The bordering town-
ships to the townships in the above
named counties are released from
quarantine subject to federal quaran-
tine restrictions as above enumerated.

Stock cars going to butchers and
packers, loaded with stock from town-
ships herein held in quarantine, must
be cleaned and disinfected before
again being loaded or sent out, and
all cars received loaded with stock
must be cleaned and disinfected un-
less they already bear evidence of
having been cleaned and disinfected
since November 5, 1914.——Michigan
Live Stock Sanitary Commission.

A Welcome Visitor.

“The Farmer is a welcome visitor
here. I wonder how any Michigan
tiller of the soil can get along without
1t.”—Arthur Hamlin, Elm Hall, Mich.

SAVE MUNE I’r'i'é'i’h 3'5

  

i 7r547

THE BEST Llnlurur
" "artist:

Caustic, Balsam

lT Has'uo EQUAL

i _ A
—lt is penetnt-
For ing,ooothing and POP'OOCIV 8".
healing, end for all Old and

th Sores,8ruieeo,or
0 Reliable Romod

Wounds, Felons,
Exterior CencerI,Bolla '0'

n Corn! and
Sore Throat

 
  
  
  
  

         

   
    
 

     
  
   
   
 
 
 
    
  
  

    
       
    

Bu n it) no,
CAUSTIO BALSAM has

        
 

 

    
         
       
   
   
    

1
Body 3" this”: Ch”! ‘30“
———J Backache
We would say to all Neuralgia
who buy it that it does .
not contain a garlicle Spralns
o IIISCIIDIIS su s ence
and therefore no harm Strain.
soil result irom its ex- Lumbago
iernal use. Persistent. . .
thurounlhuse willI cure Diphthefla
many u or c romo
ailments endii'ean he Sore Lungs
used on any case that Rheumatism

     

requires an outward and

I. t. . . _
iin'icffue'd.“ w" all Sid! Joints

REMOVEC 'IIiE SCREIIESSuSTRENC‘I'IIENS MUSCLES
Cornhill, Ten—"One bottle Caustic Ills-In did

my rheumatism more good than 8120.00 Paid in

doctor'lbillo." OTTO A. BEYICR.
Price I I .50 per bottle. Sold by druggisto, or sent

by no express prepaid. Write for Booklet .

I'll: “WRENCE-WILLIAMS CCMPAIY. Cleveland. 0.

 
    

 

 

   

 

   
       
 
   
  

   

 

__|
=
m

I
(Trade Marks Registered.)

 

Ira. Ward, Howell. Mich., writes: “I used Save-
ThevHorse on 8. Bone Spavin; previously'doctored
for years without benefit. She is working hard.
Thanks for advice and Save-The-Horse.

No blistering or loss of hair. A Signed Con-t
tract Bond to return money if remedy fails on '
Ringbono— Thoro in— SPAVIN — and ALL —
Shoulder, Knee, A e, Hoof and Tendon Disease.

You risk nothing by writing; it coats nothing
for advice and there Will be no stung to it.
Save-The-Houo BOOK, Sample Contract and,
ADVICE—All Free (to Horse Owners and Mano-i
gers.) Address.

TROY CHEMICAL (30.,20 Celmem Ave..BiIghomtou,l.Y,

Drngglotl everywhere sell Save-the-flonc Wl’l‘l! CON-
TRACT. one send by Parcel Post or Express Paid.

Send Today
8 u r e f o 1'
FREE IL-

  
 
 
  

and learn how
to save X

‘ ' on a high-
grade
Handsome
g cums.
" You take
no chan-

‘

cutter before buying. Our33 years' experience and
Money Back Guarantee‘protects you. You pocket deal-
ere profit. Supply limited—dont wait—write today.

KALAMAZOD CARRIAGE 8!. HARNESS CO.

Dept. M. F., -

LOESER BROS.

Buy pure bred STALLIONS and MARES
now, we have both Imported and Home
Bred Stock, and for quality our Belgians
and Percherons cannot be excelled, It
will pay you to see our horses.

LIGONIER, IND.

JACKS AND MULES

Boise mules and get rich. 230head flnelar 0

echo, Jennys. and muleeili
to 17 hands high. Large re -
Istered Jacks and Dre t
Stallions. cheap now. Mules
by the pair or oarload. Stock
guaranteed. Write for prices
today. Address

KREKLER’S JACK FARM

Wort Elkton. ' .
Branch Barns. Clinton. Indianaphm

PEROHERDN SlAlllDNS

FOR SALE.

two and three-yeer-clds, black. These
3V59 2331118339 and tdezil rebfle horses :1 our own 33.35;":
c o e armor
and invite inspection. a relaoneble prices.

A. A. PALMER 8: SONS,
R. R. Station Orleans. P. 0. Belding, Mich.

Registered Percherons,
escaoaemwieas“ mm
L. C HUNT & 80.. Eaton Rams]:

Kalamazoo, Mich.

 

 

   

 

 

rise you.
ichignn.

 

. 0

Fig.0“ PCB, Farm—Rog. Shetland Ponies, mostly
spots. 1 tted at In d

stock for sale. Dr. W. nggorrlem: P?:e%lrli. 0&3:

Government Farmers Watch—£15,? Fifi
monthly. Write. OZMENT‘ 17 ‘F. St. Louis. 0.

 

 

When writing-wadvértiscrs please

 

mention The Michigan Farmer.


 

\

A Young Calf

MOST of us have to live some

Stop that cream leak
NOW
with a

G E LAVAL

Cream Separator

HY continue to separate cream by
either “gravity skimming” or an
inferior or worn out cream separator
that loses cream for ou every day
just as surely as al only cream can?
You may have less milk just now, but
with “011 milkers and cold weather
your cream loss s1s greater than in spring
or summer. Cream is worth more
now, too.

If you will test your skim-milk you
will see for yourself that you can ’t
atlord to wait until
next spring. Let the
De. Laval start saving
cream for you right
now and it will earn
a large part of its
cost by spring.

See the nearest De
Laval agent at once,
or if you do not know
him, write us direct
~. for any desired in-
formation.

The De Laval Separator Co.

165 Broadway 29 E. Madison St.
NEW YORK CHICAGO

     
 

time before we can appreciate

the worth of “a good start.”
When we were boys, we were not as
careful about the way in which we
began an important piece of Work as
we learned to be later in life. We
have all heard that “a thing well be-
gun is half done,” but I fear that few
of us learn, even in later life, to right-
ly value the initial steps in any un.
dertaking.

It is probable that the interest in
dairylng was never so great as at the
present time. There are few people
now who milk cows, who are not anx-
ious to improve their herds. They
realize that no matter how well their
cows are paying them, there is oppor-
tunity for improvement. The hope of
every good dairyman is in the calves
for which he is breeding to the best
sires obtainable, and for which more
than one who reads this, is looking
anxiously this fall.

The Foundation of a Good Herd.

We may choose good cows for the
mothers of our future herd, we may
breed them to great sires, but if the
young calves are not properly cared
for, our success will be limited, to say
the least.

Every cow is a product of inher-
itance and environment. The better
she is bred, the more may we reason-
ably spend of time and labor, to make

er surroundings what they should be,
from the day she is dropped until the
end of her life. The calf from a
“scrub bull” might claim extra care
upon the ground that therein lay the
only chance of proving its right to
live in this progressive age, but sure-
ly the up-to-date breeder will have
much stronger reasons for giving to
his calves the best of care and the ra-
tion that will best develop them into
profitable animals later on.

A large number of the cows in dairy
districts are under size. The feeder
of young animals for beef, readily
realizes the value of rapid growth, but
the man who is growing calves for a.
future dairy, is far too apt to think
that “Any cow will give milk” and
underestimate the greater value of a.
large and robust specimen of the par-
ticular breed he has chosen.

We do not expect the dairy calf to
grow into the type of a beef animal,
we do not expect the Jersey or Guern-
sey calf to ever resemble either in
size or form, the animals of larger
breeds designed for beef purposes, but
we do desire large and healthy ani-
mals of the breed we happen to be
keeping.

Keep the Calves Growing.

We are perfectly sure that the

dairymen of Michigan are annually

     
       
     
         
       
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
        
 

         
   
  
  

 

Less mortar between joints—M

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Costs nomaethanmostothasflos butts ,
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J. I. PRESNN C0.

Get our of" on (‘H

 

 

 

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' E 9.11 1-1 1
Guernsey Clay Co. 1.41.3353'13

7 //2 fiHENCEgST

 

 

 

 

 

  

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3‘
un.

     
 

  

:I" .
Egg: TILE SILO losing a great deal of money because
55% Chmofxflm. Admfic‘omocnnd.‘ the1r cows are under Slze. Not that
gag; 11.1.... $31.3; 1:...“ am “.1. these small cows may not pay a prof-
335:5 m"“”"..'... 5.... .........'.°.:."..'...;"“‘" it, but the profit is smaller than it

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an... CREAM
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“NEPARATOR c0.“ BAINBRIDGlE. 'l.“
11‘ PAYS TO DEHORN

Dehorncd cows give more milk; take
lessroom; amg-enueandasilyhandlcd.
Dehomed steers fatten quicker and
are not dangerous. Horns cost
money; remove them with the new
Improved Keystone Dehomer
quickest, cleanest, strongest and mom
satisfactory, Clean. shear and sliding
cut; no crushing; no bruising Money

guarantee {or bookleL

It.m361mfm.fa.

ICE FLOWS

Salsas. rimmflnmmw
every p or warranted. Sent
on Itrlol. Also tools. Catalog.

I. ll, RAY. Verbal. I. I

would have been if they had been so
fed and cared for when they were
calves as to have grown them into
fine large specimens of their breed.

The 'writer has grown some of these
small cows himself, and so comes in
for a share of the advice he is giving
away in this number of the Michigan
Farmer.

Perhaps we might grow a larger
heifer upon whole milk, but it’s doubt-
ful if the animal would be larger af-
ter two or three years, and the added
expense would be so great as to dis-
courage such a practice at the outset.
However, the calf should be given
whole milk for a time, and my prac-
tice is to let the calf do the milking
for the first three days and occasion-
ally longer.

Generally speaking, I have gotten
the. calf onto skim-milk by the time it
was two weeks.» old,' making the
change gradually. This seems to be
a common practice, but .I'. have come
to feel that there is a better way. This
winter I shall give the calves two

 

 
   
  

 

 

 

 

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

and its Care.

pounds of whole milk each day until
they are six weeks old. This is Jer-
sey milk; were it thinner, I should put
in a little more.

The Cost of Feeding Whole Milk.

What will it cost? Well let us see
—-—two pounds of milk each day for 30
days longer than I have been in the
habit of feeding it, will equal 60 lbs.
—-—-probably three pounds of butter-
fat. This will be worth a little more
than a dollar. It is not wise to hesi-
tate long about'putting an extra dollar
into the ration of a well-bred calf.

Nature’s food for the young calf is
whole milk, and there is nothing like
it. It is not necessary, though, that it
should contain five per cent of fat.
The Holstein calf will grow as fast
and keep just as healthy upon very
thin milk, as upon that which is much
richer, but nature demands some fat
for the calf, and there is none so good
as that secreted in the milk.

There is often a tendency to feed
too much milk after it has passed
through the separator. We are apt to
reason that it is cheap, and so give
the calves more than they can take
care. of.

Eight or ten pounds per day is suffi-
cient for a calf four weeks old, and
double that amount will do nicely for
a three months old calf. There is a
great difference, however, in the
amount of milk that can be safely fed,
depending upon the individuality of
the calf.

The grain should all be fed dry. The
less solid feed fed in the milk, the
less trouble we shall be likely to have,
and the better will be the digestion of
the young animal.

Feeding Hay and Grain.

Get the calves to eating hay just as
soon as they will eat it. Give them
all they will eat of it, none to waste,
but all they will eat.

Prepared calf feeds .are not gener-
ally injurious and some of the are
very good, but they are expensive, and
are not necessary. However good
they may be, they can never make' up
for a lack of care, or for bad methods
in feeding.

There are several kinds of grain
that can be fed to a calf with good re-
sults. Wheat middlings are all right,
corn meal is good, ground wheat will
give excellent satisfaction, and ground
oats are equally good. The calf may
also be fed whole grains—oats or
corn, and will make good gains on
these.

I know a man who always feeds his
calves corn in the ear. He begins with
a few kernels of shelled corn, and af-
ter the little calves have come to like
it, he gives them small pieces of cars.
By and by he gives them the whole
ears in larger quantities, and has no
trouble in the way of bad digestion.

Cottonseed meal should never be
given to a calf, but aside from that I
would feed calves almost any grain
that they like. A little ground flax-
seed with the other feed is good.
Blood meal in very small quantities is
sometimes of use, and as we have
said, prepared feeds are found to give
good results now and then, but if our
calves are kept in clean quarters, fed
from clean pails, not allowed to suck
each other after eating, fed their grain
dry, and given their milk straight,
and not in' too great quantities, we
shall have little need for any of these
expensive and widely advertised feeds.

Learn by Observation.

The successful feeder must be ever
on the watch. He must study his bus-
iness. He must use his head all the
time in his werk. He must watch the
animals he is feeding, and learn to
know what he sees While watching.

One thing more, and I will close
this article. We often stop feeding
our calves too soon. It is quite com-
mon practice to turn the- fall calves
out to pasture too soon in the spring.

The change from a ration of hay,

' trated feeds.

DEC. 19. 1914.

ensllage, dry grain and milk, to one
of succulent grass alone, is too
abrupt. The change from a warm
barn to an open pasture, and often to

chilling winds and protracted rains'is'

sure to put the calves out of condi-
tion and retards their growth. The
grain should be continued after they
are turned out, and if they can be
brought back to the barn nights for a
time until they are accustomed to
their new surroundings it will be
much better for them.

This sort of treatment will insure
normal development, and that will
mean larger and better animals later
on. If we want to get the most out of
our progressive methods in breeding,
we must take care of the calves after
we get them. We can never look for
the best results from the progeny of
the most prepotent sire, unless we
give his daughters a chance to de-
velop in the best sense of the word.

I have written this because I feel
and am. sure that many readers of the

,Michigan Farmer, who have been led

to adopt modern ideas and methoh
of breeding, are still losing out, be-
cause they are not giving the young
animals proper care, and I am taking
my full share of the advice contained
in this article.

Oceana Co. W. F. TAYLOR.

AMOUNT OF COTTONSEED MEAL
T0 FEED.

 

In the November 14 issue of the
Michigan Farmer, that Mr. Lillie says
he feeds a cow no more than two
pounds a. day of the three highly con-
centrated feeds and that ground oats
makes up the balance of the ration.
I thought in former years he recom-
mended four pounds of cottonseed
meal. It seems to me now that I am
overdoing it, with the highly concen-
I'll tell you what I am
feeding my new milch cows and wish
you would compound an economical
ration to suit my case. For roughage
I feed about 40 lbs. of good silage,
with some corn in it, a day, in two
feeds, morning and night. At noon‘a
bundle of fodder, corn with corn nub-
bins on it. Grain ration, 4 lbs. of oil
meal, 4 lbs. of cottonseed meal, 4 lbs.

of bran a day on silage. Cows aver-
age 3.54 test milk.
Ottawa Co. D. H. B.

I don’t remember ever recommend-
ing as much as four pounds of cotton-
seed meal per day for cows. If I ever
have, it was a mistake and not accord-
ing to my best judgment. I never in-
tended to recommend over two pounds
per day, and always recommend feed-
ing this product by itself so one will
know just what amount he is feeding.
It is some trouble to mix cottonseed
meal with bran or Corn meal and get
an even distribution through the
whole mixture, hence one is liable to
feed more cottonseed meal at one
time than at another.

My opinion is that D. H. B. is feed-
ing more protein than is necessary,
but his roughage is lacking in pro-
tein. We have alfalfa bay to feed
twice a day, and silage twice a day,
which enables us to feed a little dif-
ferent grain ration than D. H. B. with
nothing only the corn plant for rough-
age. If he had alfalfa or clover bay
to feed, I am sure he could cut out the
oil meal or the cottonseed meal, (one
of them), entirely and reduce the oth.
ers one-half, that is, to only two
pounds, and get as good results as he
is getting now. At least‘we do it, and
I believe his cows would be better off
next spring for the ration of less high
protein concentrates. Even with his
Jroughage I think he should cut off at
least one-half of his oil meal and cot—
tonseed meal, making only two pounds
each per day, and perhaps increase
the bran a pound or two, and he
would get equal or better results, four
pounds of cottonseed meal. Four
pounds of oil meal and four pounds of
bran makes a lot of protein over three
pounds of protein in the grain ration
alone. This is. more than feeding
standards call for. Experiments show
that 2.5 lbs. of protein per 1,000 Ib's;

live weight is amply suflicient. I am

sure this is an extravagant ration.

A...

we.»

”1- . .

 

 

.1 .

 


*4

 

1' ’\\

 

Duo. .19, 1914.

' Practical

  

DYE STUFFS.

 

BY FLOYD w. nonrsow.
(Continued from last week).
Dyes are naturally substances of a
variety of colors but something more
than a coloring substance is neces-
sary for it to be a dye. In addition to
being colored and of high staining
properties, it must have a further
property of affixing itself to the wool-
en or cotton, or silk, fabric in such a
manner that it becomes insoluble and
hence will not readily wash out.
Some dyes naturally have this prop-
erty of affixing themselves to fabrics,
particularly woolen fabrics, and this
method is taken advantage of in the
laboratory to distinguish dye stuffs of
a. certain character. Certain coal tar
dyes, while completely soluble with-
out residue in water, when placed in
contact with wool affix themselves to
the wool and become insoluble so that
subsequent washing or treatment with
water will not again dissolve the col-
or. Some dyes will do this only when
treated with what is known as a mor-
dant. Picric acid, for example, a yel-
low coal tar dye, is soluble in water,
and if a piece of wool or silk be soak-
ed in a, water solution of picric acid,
the wool fibre and the silk will take
up the yellow dye and will not give
it up again when treated with water.
In other words, picric acid on wool
and silk is known as a “fast" dye.
Now, however, if a piece of cotton
fabric be immersed in the watery so-
lution of picric acid the fabric does
not become permanently colored. The
picric acid will dissolve again when
the cotton fabric is treated with

water.

It is evident, therefore, that wool
and silk have some relationship to
picric acid which cotton does not have.
Evidently the yellow picric acid dye
becomes insoluble when brought into
contact with wool and will not re-
dissolve. The problem, therefore, in
dying cotton with picric acid is to
produce an analogous condition as in
the dying of wool, that is, in some
way make the picric acid dye insolu-
ble when brought into contact with
the cotton. This is accomplished
through the use of a mordant.

One of the best examples of this use
is with the dye known as alizarin. If
a piece of cotton fabric be dropped
into a watery solution of alizarin (an-
other coal tar color) the cotton fabric
will become colored yellow, but this
yellow color will wash out again when
treated with water. Suppose, now,
this cotton fabric has been previously
treated with a mordant material such
as aluminum, which has been taken
up by the fibre, is insoluble and can-
not be washed out. Now, then, if this
cotton fibre containing aluminum is
dipped into a. watery solution of ali—
zarin, which is yellow, the alizarin
combines with the aluminum and
forms an insoluble compound which
in this instance will be red, and thus
affixes itself permanently to the cot-
ton fabric. Various other salts, such
as iron, chromium, tin salts are em-
ployed as mordants.

Coal Tar Dyes are Used in Food Pro-
ducts Also.

In determining the kind of coloring
matter used in a silk cloth of excep-
tional quality some time ago, we
found that, it coutained nearly eight
per cent of its weight of'tin used as a
mordant to fix the color in the fabric.
This is merely one of the ways in
which fabrics are colored with coal
tar dyes. These coal tar dyes are
used in the artificial coloring of many
food materials. Oleomargarine is an
illustration of a class of food products
extensively colored with aniline, or
coal tar coloring matter. It is an enor-
mous industry and from a scientific

:1; Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill|ll|Ill|IllllllIlllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllIIIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllldfl

THE MICHIGAN FARMER
if lililllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll'.llllllllllllllllllilllIllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.llllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|ll|l|lll

c ’ ,

Seiencc.
viewpoint is a distinct triumph. All
honor, therefore, to German industry
and skill in placing this industry on
the important footing which it now
has. As in the case of the embargo
on potash salts, however, much diffi-
culty has been experienced in secur-
ing adequate quantities of these pro-
ducts at the present time, due to the
European war, and unquestionably
this will have the effect of stimulat-
ing the production of these different
materials in this and other countries,
so that German supremacy in these
lines may be in a measure threatened
and at least questioned when the war
period is over.

England Proposes to Compete with
Germany In Dye Manufacture.

In the last issue of the Oil, Paint &
Drug Reporter, November 30, 1914, an
important announcement is made in
this respect, looking forward to the
stimulation of the development of the
dye stuff industry in England. This is
nothing less than the direct fostering
of the development of dyes from coal
tar by the British government. It is
expected and hoped, particularly in
British circles, that the participation
of the government in this matter
means ultimately the complete inde—
pendence of England from Germany
in the production of all classes of syn-
thetic dye stuffs and in perfumes and
medicinal products which are at the
same time synthetically produced
from coal tar. This includes not only
dye stuffs but carbolic acid and its
products, synthetic oil of Wintergreen,
many drug products, etc.

If American manufacturers. will read
the lesson of the present conflict
aright, industries of this nature will
become more plentiful in this country
and in case of emergencies of a sim-
ilar nature, which we hope may never
again arise, but which undoubtedly
will for some time be among the
frightful possibilities, the dreadful
commercial interruptions to business
will not be so generally apparent.

 

FOOD VALUE OF WHEY.

 

I notice the cheese factory adver-
tisement says, “whey free.” The
cheese factory runs the patrons’ whey
through a separator and takes the fat
out and the patron gets the residue.
What feeding value has the whey by
the time the patron gets it? Is there
enough food in the whey to make that
an inducement to sell milk to the
cheese factory? A. H.

Whey certainly has a food value
well worth saving. Its chemical food
analysis compared with skim milk, is
as follows:

Skim-milk, 2.9 per cent protein; 5.2
per cent carbohydrates; 0.3 per cent
fat. Whey, 0.8 per cent protein; 4.7
per cent carbohydrates; 0.3 per cent
fat.

It will be seen that whey is not as
valuable as skim-milk, but that it has
a very appreciable value, nevertheless.
However, Whey has a wider nutritive
ratio than skim—milk, that of whey be-
ing 1:67, while that of skim—milk is
1:2. This fact must be taken into
consideration in feeding whey if one
gets its full food value. Oil meal, glu-
ten feed, etc., foods rich in protein
should be fed with whey, while corn
meal, barley meal, flaxseed meal, etc.,
should be fed with skim-milk. In this
way one can balance the ration and
.get the full food value of such pro-
ducts, while if they are fed alone, sat-
isfactory results cannot be obtained.

You can raise good calves or pigs
on whey if you will feed oil meal and
gluten meal with it, but if fed alone
it does not contain the food nutrients
in proper proportion, hence does not
give satisfactory results. It is safe to
say that whey is worth half as much
as skim-milk for feed.

   

 

 

9—549

V

 

\

l

 

1,5,7,” ,
f' ""
i?’ «W Cows Are Profitable

The hsslth and contentment of your dairy cows has a very do- ‘
cidod bearing on the quantity and quality of the milk
production. Poor milkers are not backward by
accident - there is nearly alwa s a reason to
be found in the cow’s hysical condition.
Cows are like human be ngs-—thcy get run
down and need medical treatment to restore
sluggish organs to proper working condition.
KOW-KURE is the cow medicine that .
' fl is used in hundreds of the best dairies in the "
land. A judicious use of this old and valuable remedy will efiec— ,
. tuslly prevent such common cow ailments as Abortion, Retained
:1: Afterbirth, Barrenness, Milk Fever, Scouting and Lost Appetite.
2:. Where any of these ills have crept into the herd, KOW—KURE
' is a most reliable treatment.

  
  
  

 

You should have K 0 W—K URE on
hand constantly. Sold in 505 {9' $1100
package: by fi'ed dealer: and druggutx.

Write for free book, “Tho Cow Doctor"

Dairy Association Co.,
Lyndonvillo, Vt.

 
    

   
 

       
 
    
 
 
 
 
  

.....

12-1 6-20 Gauge

Hammerless
“Pump”
Guns

 

          

Six '
”a Z [0 ’ 1 Quick
al' I” hammcrlcss repeating Shoal

. shotgun is a fine-appearing. beautifully-balanced gun without

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can t rccze up With ram. snow or sleet; its solid steel breech (not a slicllof wood) ermitsa
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It IS Hammerless with Solid Steel Breech (inside as well as outi—Solid To Side Ejection
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Send 8 stamps postage for big catalog describing all

" e eating shotguns (hammer and hammer-
repeating rifles. etc. Do it now l

less). all 127 Willow Street. New Humans;

 
 
 
 
    

 

Build a silo
UP . S I AY thatwill not decay.
crack,crumbie,warp. twist
or burn—one that will last for generations. Build one that

will insure perfect ensilage in every part— yet requiring no paint-
ing, repairing -- no adjusting or resetting on base. Erect a
O D
N atco Imperlshable $110
"The Silo That Lasts for Generations"
—madc of vltrified, hollow clay tile, whose glazed surfaces are impervious to alt
and moisture and whose dearl air spaces prevent freezing. The Natco lmperish-
able Silo is strongly reinforced by steel hands laid in the mortar. Convenient

and attractive. Write to nearest branch for list of owners in your State
and CatalogA

National Fire Proofing Company
Organized 18:59 Plttshurg, Pn-
Huntington, Ind. Bloomington, 111.
Philadelphia. Pa. Madison, Wis. ’
Syracusc,N.Y. Lansinngiich.

HARNESS

HORSE

COLLARS

Ask Your dealer for the label
Made and Warranted by

ARMSTRONG & GRAHAM

WHOLESALE ONLY. DETROIT. ESTABLISHED I880.

    

    
     
   
 
      
       
 
  

 
 
 
 

  
 
   

 

  

 

 

 

 

Run on Kerosene—6c for 10 Hours

Ellis Engines develop more power on cheap lamp oil than other engines do on high-
3.. priced gasoline. ' also operate successfully on distillate, petrol,
"- alcohol or gasoline. Strongest. simplest, most powerful en ' es

made; only three working p No cranking, no excessive w ht,

no carbonizing, less vibration, easy to operate. ,

LI—I
NGINE

Have patent throttle, giving three en es in one; force-feed oiler; automobile type

muffler; ball-bearing governor adjusts is while running and other exclusive features. _ : - .
Every engine sent on 30 days' approval with freight paid. 10-year ntee. Write ‘“ 43-5-3 '. > ‘
for 1915 catalog, Engine Facts. " showing New Models with spe prices. ' ‘-

ENGINE CO” 2839 East Grand Boulevard. Detroit, Mich.

 

 

 

   
  
  

chgggg senmc on
.. TOOTH WHEELS

14'th nun Harrow made. Adapted to on sol]. Saves s hall-
hom POWer. Beat ad nsted without bolts. dud either no walk-
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, a— It. Louis World’s l'nlr. \zrite for tree catalogue descritlng this narrow.

 

 

 

THE BENCH & DROMOOLD 00., Km“ York, PI.-

 


 

$550410 ’ ‘

and Vapor ,
Generator

X- Ray System pro-

dimes the natural,

mt heatjust lik‘o
mother hen.

.- Only One Filling to ‘

Hatch— Onl Ono ‘
Gmtest triumph - Gallon to tell ‘
of our incubator
construction. lnsures you against dead- ~1n-

shell chicks. Makes record hate hes. Gives chicks
good, strong, healthy start. Send! or the facts.
Get New Free Book No. 29.F'1nul We Ever laud

Fifteen Special Exclusive Features of the New
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thex Ray adiatjng System. Get our direct-to-
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agents. Act now!

X-Ray Incubator Co.
Des Moines, Iowa

 

 

times
more
ground

0
g r I p
That’s why this tractor has
more power at the drawbar.

lu‘ Us Paton.

That’ swhy 1t doesn’ t slip—-
doesn’ t mire—doesn’ t pack
the soil

Cheap to maintain; horse
power guaranteed; 2,000 in
use. Get our Catalog E F 152
and learn about this traélor
that’s “different”.

THE HOLT MFG. (30., INCC.

Pectin, II.

 

  
 
   

 
 
 

Crush ear corn (with or
. without shucks) and grind
' 1 all kinds of small grain. '
Handy to operate—light-
est running. 10 sizes: 2to
25 h. p., capacity 6 to 200 ’1
bushels. Conical shape , ‘ ,,
Grinders. Different from ‘
- allothers.A.lsomakeSweep
“ Grinders.
' Write for Ont-lo: ‘- - ' .
; andfolderaboutthevalueof - '.
r differentfeedsand manures. ,
D. N. P Bowsusa co.
South Bend. Ind. » - .. I

_ PUMP GRIND SAW $3562:
Wood Hills are But. Engines are Simple

Foul Grinders. Saw

Fm”. Shell’s-h , ,, .
“moon” Fl"
Adm! “uni,

Perkins Windflill& ..

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F038 and SKlNS

Send us your law Furs and Hide: and we
will tan and make them into nice costs or fur
sets (for men and women) robes,n or gloves. as
ordered. We also Buy law Fun. at” or Cut-lo;

JOHN w. uMogERCKEL a: 00.,
Breilmoyer Bldg., F" "ugh-«1:3, Ilich.
Poultry Secrets—Make Good lncome.

Vdunble, Jill-pm poultry data boob—incl all the
p 11. beginner how to avoid costly errors-ex-
perience of successful breed editors—how ey started.
grew. etc. roe.toyou Simplifies poultry- -koopln

ives explicit instructions how to a money wi h
has. show birds—how to as no ”scent I F d
valuabl o for name!" unsec- .‘l‘lsbeut et‘c‘.
Book contains pictures of 30m ultryhm-to
way to market fowl. describes uAmerlos' s lot-post line
of ”.185de 'me INC hove etc.

7- A Kerry” 8%.. Bur-Io, Y. 81~G Barclay 8L. 3. Y. City

"a cm' genmofgro-wlnnora WM Duchy! It.

oock'ls up.

   
 

 

 

  

 

 

~ farm at Alma,

 
    

' house.

 
    
 
   
   
   
   
   
    
     

" THE MIC‘HI'GA'NZFARMEII‘
Duck Raising on a Large Scale.

  

"‘3‘ .. '0. ,11 U
.4, , ‘

 

 

‘IFTEEN thousand ducks on one
farm in Alma, Michigan, was the
amazing, quacking spectacle I

witnessed when I stopped over at the

little central Michigan ,town to visit
the duck farm I had heard spoken of
by every farmer in central Michigan
whenever poultry came up for discus-

sion. An annual output of 36,000 a.

year is the record for Swift & Co’s

and Superintendent

George Mason says it is only in its

infancy.

Raising ducks is a. profession new

to the farmers of Michigan and most

of the United States. Only on Long

Island do they raise them extensively

and on the great farms at this place

there are sometimes as many as 100,-

000 ducks at one time.

But it is a new industry in Michigan

and one that will bear watching by

ducks are. housed to produce the eggs
necessary to keep the incubators fill-
ed with eggs.

The battery of incubators kept in
another house on the farm has 9. ca-
pacity of 11,000 eggs at one time. As
soon‘as the little ducklings are hatch-
ed they are placed by themselves in
little pens and fed on the choicest of
fare until they pass the danger period.
The death rate is remarkably low as
a result of the care with which they
are handled. Clean food, clean houses,
and proper regulation of the heat dur-
ing cold weather is the secret of car-
rying the downy duckling through the
first two weeks of its life. After that
they are placed with other birds of
their own age in sheltered houses,
with plenty of pen space to fatten.

These are called fattening sheds,
the largest of which is 560 feet long,

 

farmers interested in poultry raising.
“Nobody knows,” said Mr. Mason,
“the money that can be made in the
proper raising of ducks. Hitherto
poultry men have confined their ef-
forts to raising chickens. The market-
able value of a hen’s egg is probably
responsible for the popularity of the
chicken, but if they only knew it they
could make more money raising ducks.
Duck Raising in its Infancy.

“Duck raising is not yet even in its
infancy. It were more correct to say
that it is in an embryonic stage, but
once the people of this country learn

. of the possibilities of duck raising the

chicken will fall into the discard and
their attention will be devoted more
and more to the raising of ducks.”
The duck farm at Alma is only an
experiment of the Chicago packing
The rapidly dwindling supply
of game fowls for the high-priced ho-

“ tels and ocean liners has made the

duckling a necessity, and with charac-
teristic foresight the packers are be-
ginning to figure on a way to supply
the demand with profit to themselves.

They have hit upon the duckling,
and ship thousands of these every

 

 

year to the New York markets, where
they are distributed to other metropoli
and sent aboard the ocean liners to be
served as game.

The average age of the duckling at
the time it is killed is eleven months.
In this brief space of time, according
to Mr. Mason, it is possible to raise a
duckling to the weight of five pounds
cf “the sweetest meat you ever tast-
ed,” to use his own words.

Duck Raising on a Scientific Basis.

But. great care and diligence must
be exercised, and the business must
be undertaken seriously or the enter-
prise may be doomed to failure. The
big farm at Alma is a model of its
kind. All the latest devices and all
the latest scientific information re-
garding the raising of fowls are put
into practice at the Alma duck farm.
It employs 30 men.

It covers sixteen acres comfortably.

At one end, set apart tram the fatten-‘

is the breeders' house,

ing sheds,
choice

where selected crates and

 

 

The Swimming Pool and the Feed Room.

and the choice fare of the duckling’s
early days is continued but with more
abundance. The ducklings are given
practically all they want to eat of the
following appetizing menu: Corn meal
50 per cent; flour, 25 per cent; beef
scrap, 20 per cent, and bran, five per
cent. The feed is all mixed with rich
buttermilk, a by-product of a cream-
ery that adjoins the farm, and at the
end of eleven. weeks the ducks weigh
on an average of five pounds each and
are ready for market. They receive
from 16 to 20 cents a pound for them,
according to the season.
A Food Mixer.

A food—mixing machine of the latest

pattern, operated by electricity, and

 

DEC. 19, 1914. “

reduced the business end" of the farm
to a science, because the present farm
is only an experiment and all avail-
able data is valuable.

‘Four tons of feed are eaten every
day by the ducklings on this farm, and
they look it when their time comes at
the age of eleven months.

One of the most peculiar things
about this farm is the utter absence
of water for the ducks to paddle in.
They are given enough to drink but
never swim but once, and that is the
day before they die.

Swim Only Once.

On this happy occasion they are
driven into the death chamber, which
is equipped with a copious concrete
tank' full of water. The ducks are al-
lowed to paddle at will on the last day
of their life in the cool waters of the
artificial pond. This is not an act of
kindness on the part of the superin-
tendent, because it is figured that the
business of paddling reduces the
weight of the duck. It is done simply

to let them bathe and clean them-

selves ofi’ to save the executioner the
trouble of performing this task on the
marrow.

They are killed rapidly and quietly
at the rate of 700 a day. The heads
are left on, and the ducklings are plac-
ed in the refrigerators to await ship-
ment.

“Our experiment with this farm
here in Alma has been very success.
ful,” said Mr. Mason, “and I believe
the day will come when ducks will be
so much in demand that we will have
farms in many states.”

George Mason is a young man about

.. 35 years of age, and a native of Wa-
terford, N. Y. From his early child‘

hood back on the farm, he has been
interested in ducks. After he finished
high school he worked for a time on
the big farms of Long Island, and lab
or took a course in poultry husbandry
at Cornell University. He is enthusi-
astic on the duck subject, and al-
though a busy man, is always ready
to discuss the duck problem with
those who are interested in raising
them. .

Kent Co. J. F. BOLGER.
GETTING TURKEYS READY FOR

THE MARKET.

 

It is quite an art to grow turkeys
and round them up for market so that
they will bring in a fancy price. I
have begun to realize this fact more
recently, than ever before, and we

 

A Bunch of Young Ducks.

fed in such a manner that the food of
the ducklings is never touched by hu-
man hand, acts like a great concrete
mixer and thoroughly mixes the dif-
ferent food elements on the daily bill
of fare. The buttermilk is piped to
the machine from the creamery, and
the finished product is poured into
wagons much after the fashion of the
concrete mixer aforementioned.

Mr. Mason keeps an accurate ac
count of every duckling from the day
it is hatched until the day of its exe-
cution. He can tell you if you want
to know, just what it cost to feed each
duck any day in the year. He has

have been raising turkeys for years.

Many turkey growers have not mas-
tered the art. I see thousands of tur-
keys come to our markets entirely too
“green,” that is, “soft,” and anything
but plump and fat, like they should be
for market purposes. I have learned
in years of experience that to begin
finishing turkeys for the market we
must begin with parent stock as we
cannot grow prime market turkeys
from late immatured stock. It is om-
custom to retain only the very eafliest
birds, yearlings and two-yeanold hens
for breeding. Birds of this kind pro-
duce youngsters that are strong and

 

 

._-. _ o‘w‘.’

'fln—vm 4;.<~

 


   

 

 

 

 

DEC. , 19,. 1914.

large and they grow out much faster
after maturing 20 to 25 days earlier
than those from unmatured parent
stock. Breeders must be at least 11
months old to produce good healthy
stockf Early pullets produce almost
as hardy poults as .yearlings, provided
they are mated to an early, well-bred
Tom. The progeny of early matured
stock are not as apt to contract dis-
eases common with turkeys as is the
case with weak, scrubby stock.

Do Not lnbreed.

Another thing to be avoided is the
mating of related stock. We‘ have had
no success with turkeys that were re-
lated. We make sure that the hens
are not related to the Tom. As eggs
do not come fertile from related stock
and if eggs fail to run reasonably high
in fertility, it will be impossible to
have a successful hatch, and when we
fail to get good hatches we fail to get
poults that were healthy and strong.
Few breeders realize how important a
matter it is to have early stock until
they begin finishing up the poults for
the markets.

When poults are first hatched we
place the young out with the turkey
mother, away from other fowls, near
a high brush or wheat field where it
is possible for them to find natural
protection from crows and hawks. We
feed very little at first, but from two
to four weeks we give them a regular
ration of chick feed, brown bread, etc.,
after this we give them a little wheat
or other feed just to teach them to
come home at night. Turkeys must
have a large range to thrive. ’

As'they grow We give them more
range and less feed. By November
they are large in bone and frame,
brilliant in plumage, and in prime con-
dition for feeding when heavy frosts
appear. It is not necessary to feed
for a couple of months in order to get
turkeys in condition for market. If I
can get two weeks or a little better,
of cold weather before the holidays, I
can feed heavy and not injure the
health of the turkey and have them
plump and fat for the market. If in
prime condition, they will usually
bring from two to three cents more
per pound than the usual market
price. I know of many instances
where people were willing to pay as
high as five cents per pound more for
the prime medium sized plump turkey.
Feed Heavy for Two Weeks Before

Marketing.

I have found it easier and more
profitable to round the poults out good
and fat by feeding but little until ten
days to two weeks before the market
date. Then I feed all the poults will
clean up nicely, keeping plenty of
charcoal before them. They will eat
heavily of the charcoal when being
fed on fattening rations, and this is
quite essential as it keeps them heal-
thy and strong. Clean water and good
sharp grit is always provided when
they are in confined quarters.

Penn. H. W. Sworn.

EGG LAYERS’ SUPPLIES.

 

Many times, chickens do not lay in
winter because they are not supplied
with some of the materials which go
to make up the egg. The demands of
the hen in her business of egg produc-
tion are just as exacting as are those
of the locomotive which carries us so
swiftly from place to place. The fire-
man may make himself crazy shovel-
ing coal and the engineer may keep
the working parts polished to the
highest degree and yet, unless water
is supplied to the iron horse, he fails
to work, but stands an ineffective and
useless bulk of parts. The example
is very comparable with the hen. She
may have it in her to produce a fine
lot of Winter eggs but fails in this
through lack of the owner to provide
her with suitable materials for making
these eggs and keeping free from ver-
min while the producing process is
going on. No hen, no matter how in-
dustrious. can make a success of lay-

 

THE MICHIGAN FARME‘R

ing eggs and fighting lice at the same

time. She may be good at both jobs

but a division of labor demands that

she do either one or the other.

Hens Should be Provided with Lime,
Charcoal and Dust.

On some Michigan farms, this win- ,

ter’s production will be lessened
through the lack of proper material
out of which to make the egg shells.
One can raise all the good apples he
wants to and unless barrels are sup-
plied in which to ship them, they do
not amount to much. The hen must
be provided with a receptacle in
which to place the egg. It can scarce-
ly be questioned that many hens are
supplied with the proper foods to
make eggs from, but this lack of lime
in some for mresults in few or no
eggs, or perhaps a few, unsalable soft-
shelled ones. The egg shell is quite
largely composed of. lime carbonate.
When the old hen can have free ac-
cess to range, she can usually find all
this material she needs, but when shut
up, some must be supplied to her. The
exact material used will vary with. the
location and the materials at hand. In
some instances old plaster is put in
the hen coop but the majority of men
who expect their hens to give them
some winter eggs are supplying the
biddies with oyster shells in some
form. This gives a serviceable mate-
rial, yet cheap.

Charcoal is a general condiment for
chickens. Some regard it as a medi-
cine and while it may serve some
medicinal functions, it seems to act as
a toner. No matter how it works ex-
actly, the truth remains that hens are
more healthy and vigorous when sup-
plied with this material than are those
not so fortunate.

Give Hens Dusting Place.

The henhouse should be supplied
with plenty of ordinary road dust.
There is no henhouse so clean that
the likelihood of vermin getting a foot-
hold does not present itself during the
winter. Those hens that are working
the hardest to fill the egg basket are
just the ones that the lice single out
for the first attacks. The vitality has
become somewhat lower than that of
the lazy birds and they are more sub-
ject to lice and diseases. In the fall,
the Cornell lice powder can be made
and sprinkled onto the chickens from
a can, through the bottom of which
some nail holes have been made. This
will give the chickens a good start.

To make this powder mix one-
fourth pint of crude carbolic acid with
three-fourths of a pint of gasoline. In-
to this, thoroughly stir two and one-
half pounds of plaster of paris. This
will harden and the lumps may be pul-
verized by forcing them through a fine
mesh sieve. After drying, the mass
is put into a bottle and tightly corked
and will stay effective for a long time.
If lice are present, it will take good
feed to feed them. A liberal applica-
tion of this loose powder when the
chickens are put into the coop in the
fall will get the majority of them erad-
icated. Then by giving the layers a
liberal supply of good dust to bask in
through the warm part of the winter
days, many more vermin will be kept
down. These laying-house accompani-
ments are inexpensive and may have
a bearing upon the number of winter
eggs that are produced.

Ingham Co. I. J. MA'rnnws.

 

One-half the food consumed by the
hens should be ground. A good mash
mixture for the fall and winter is as
follows: Two parts bran, one part
each of corn meal, middlings and cut
clover and one-half part of beef scrap.

THE LAST DAY—Today is the last
day y0u can get the 160-piece Christmas
selection free with the Michigan Farmer
1 year at 50 cents, 3 years at $1.00 or 5
years for $1.50. You wuold pay in stores
about $1.00 for the 160-piece selection,
and the calendar. If you mail your
Order today you will get it.

 

 
    

”fir-WI Ls»... n ,. -. -. '
SIZES: 1%. 3, 4, 5. 7. 0.12. 15. up t3 60 H- P.

Field Quality

   

Price

Every Engine has our

  

At the... Cheap Engines!

We make you the following offer in order that you may judge the
merits of our engine and know the superior quality of our product-—

We will send you an Engine on 30 Days’ Free Trial. d

“'e are pioneer users of the Webster Built-in Cranklese Magneto
which does away with all Battery Troubles.

If your dealer cannot supply you, write direct to factory.

THE FIELD-BRUNDAGE COMPANY,
Jackson, Michigan, U. S. A.

1

11—551

The Peer of Them All

For the last 20 years.

The Field Engine

 

 

 

 

‘ is the standard from which

“ other Engines are Judged.

Most dealers—in showing other engines—say
“It's iust as good as the Field."

Five Year Guarantee!

Send for

Free Bookleu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
 
 
  
   
      
  
 

    

r.
J

, of Chicken
Profits—FREE

Send Johnson your name
. and get the bedrock
. facts on making
profits w i t h
' c hi c k e n 5.

Lean how Johnson started 580,000
pe 0 pl 9 the simplest and easiest

“611i Trust

Big production makes
low price. And John—

ays freight East of
Roc ies. Orders filled
the day received.
Write at once for new ;
book whether
now or not.

,M. MJohnoon Co.
Clay Center. Nob.

       
 
  

     
    
 
 
    

  

 

Day Trial

 

 

nccono HATCES

MrsJ-Ialton ofN.Vernon,Ind.,
reports two 100% hatches from
her old reliable Progressive
Incubator. Only incubator
‘ with double wall. and hun-
dreds of dead air cells. All wood parts
California Redwood. All set up ready to use. No
extras to buy. Money back guarantee. -

735 LOWEST PRICE YET
“ 'm 155 EGG INCUBA‘I‘O

Self-regulating and ventilating—copper boiler—
hot water heat, safety lamp, egg tester, 2 doors
~thermometer. Freight prepaid E. of Rockies.

Incubator and Broader both for a... — e.
39.85. Order-now orsend tor our
big. free Incubator Book.

Progressive Incubator Co.
oz 164. Racine. WI.

     
 
      
    
  

         
        
   

 
 
        
  

   
 
  
    
  
   
  

 

    

You Can Earn a Good Living
Raismg Poultry ,L; " ”i
Cut living expenses—Increase your income TE—
Thoumde make money this way with
UOOESSFUL INCUBATORS
UCCESSFUL BROODERS
Life Producers—Lite Pressrven
wingiofidhio $133,333?“ listin'iimm‘ it i (0
“eye 48 on: of 60 Chairman-109. ana‘l'ogiaeyFRfiE. "Wrrti‘textxsdiiy‘ft 1:31:23

Des Molnes Incubator 00.. 368 Second St, Des Molnos, In.

 

 

PFILE’S 85 VA RIETIES
farm-raised Land and Water-Fowls. Eggs
in season. Ilius. Catalogue, and “Grower's
Guide." 20. An honest deal. Write
today. H EN R Y P Fl L E, Farmer-
Poultryman, Box 676. Freeport. Ill.

 

 
 

Preoteol—
the most
13 e r f e c t .
h a t c hing
m a c hine
made.
New heat— _
ing prin- v
ciple. 25 years' guaran-
tee. Ask for circular.
Mollno Proceed Steel Go.
Do ~ t. A3

 
     
 
 

 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 

  
 

 
 

 

 
 
   
  
   

E. Mollne. Ill.

 

3_more championships won by owners of Belle
ity hatching outfits. Makes

I

Belle City
21 Times World's Champlon
Free Book “Hatching l
Facts” tells whole story.

‘ My 8000 Gold llliers come with
free lent—Hency-B-ck Guaranty Hatching
nutlil chum In actual colors. Jim Italian. l'rus
Belle Clty Incubator 00.. Box 14

Join World’s Champions

 
 
    

lion- Tut

Infill.- W"

 

' 130ng Incubator$
and Broader 5.2.2“

 

 

Railway Mail Clerks. Oler k-Oarriers and Rural Oar-
‘ riere wanted. I conducted Examinations, can help

 

 

Michigan Livestock Insurance Co.
capllal Stock—3100.000. Surplus—$100,000
Home Office—Charlotte, Michigan.

Only Home 60., in Michigan.

COLON C. LlLLlE President.
H. .l. WELLS, -:- Secretary-Treasurer.

CUSTOM TANNING

We are prepared to do all kinds of Fur Tanning-
Cattle or Horsehides, calf. (log. deer or any kind of
wild or domestic animals: dye and finish them. We
can make them into Coats. Robes. or Rugs if desired
furnishing all trimmings and linings. 'We solicit
your business and are well equipped to do a good job.
BROWN & SEHLER 00.. Grand Rapids. Michigan.

YOUR MONEY it? 5%

if invested with this Society. Interest paid
semi-annually. Let us have your name and
address and we will tell you of the advan-
tages offered by this Society which has been
doing business for over twenty years.

The Industrial Savings Society.

219 Hammond Bldz.. Detroit. Mich.

I. ROY wnsnsonv. Pres. AUSTIN N. KIMMIS. Secy,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

POULTRY.

organic PLYllellTll ROGKS

oser Strain." stablished in 1892.
Winner of_11 first prizes at Chicago. Cincinnati and
Indianapolis in two years. fine Cookerels. some
good cook birds. liens and pullets in any number. All
stock shipped subject to up roval. Prices reasonable.
Write your wants. G. Earl oover. R.7, Matthewand.

—B. P. R ,
wqu uoLuuo ruckus... massaging}:
R.O. Leghorn Cockerels. Indian Runner Ducks. Prices
Will please you. Riverview Farm, R.No.8,Vassai-,Mich.

 

 

 

Mammoth Bronze kaeys’r¥§h%°ts%hh?'
Hens $4.00. COLLAR Bros.. Ooopersville, Michigan.
FOR SALE—Hillorest strain of prize-winners. I.

R.
Ducks, white essers. 81.25 each. R. 0. Rhode I 1
Red cock’ls82.50 up. Coy G. Brumm. Marshall. digit?

Putin and White Indian Runner 0ucks"ps,‘.‘3.g§ :33
please you. H. V. Hostetler. Route 1. St. Johns. Mich

 

 

 

Rhode Island Red Cockerels; also eggs in
R. c- & 310- season. Strong birds from good ances-
tors, “Satisfy customers". Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor, Mich.

—33 h. t .

BIRHED 300K COOKEHELS Lari? rail? triad".

Winners for 10 years. J. A. Barnum, Union City,Mich.
-—L !

lllllflED lllll WHIIE HOOKS “ditty “éc‘irrér‘éi’g

two for 85. Bred for beauty and business. Order

from this ad. Eggs in season. IVERVIE
FARM. Box 798. Union City. Michigan. W

 

 

Pure llhodo Island lied Cockerels, Two For $3.

ELMER TRIM, R. F. D. No. 4, Milan, Michigan.

 

—All rizo winners and lire d' t
Barred Rock: at ha (price. WrinL’OprizesElnilslaxgvin‘lzgl;
W. 0. OOF‘FMAN. R. No. 0, Benton Harbor, Mich

 

SILVER LACED GOLDEN and WHITE WYANDO’I‘TES—A fine
lot of White cockerels weighing 0 to 8 lbs. at $2 and .3
each. Browning's Wyaudotta Farm. Portland. Michigan,

 

PINE CREST WHITE ORPINGTUNST$§$.?’£i§&‘£”§€

State Fair. ullets, oockerels. hens, also coll ‘
MmWillis ficugh, Pine Crest Farm. Boys] 833;: piidli:

—White Plymouth Rock Cock ‘
F9r_ 8a.. Strain direct. Price $3 and S5. Bairfdftaglihggl
White Plymouth Rock Poultry Farm, Gaines. Mich.

DOGS AND FERRETS.
COLLIES—Registered Allendale Hertzville stock,

sable and white no ice. A fl ‘
present. Hillcrest Farm, 11‘.) Nd). 3, Harligogdflfllixdh?

Fox and Wolf Hounds

ol the boil English slmn In America
40 years experience in breeding
these fine hounds for my own
sport. Save your pics sheep and
poultry. Send stamp for catalog

0 TI Bo HUDSPETH.
Sibley, Jackson County, Mo.

' ' -—30F d
Irainodllunnmg Fox Hounds ,..,,;’,‘ all?“ hfigfii
stamp. W. E. LECKY. Holmesvllle, Ohio.

2000 Ferrets for sale. Write for price
list. It's free. Guarantee safe delivery.
Deneine Bros. .Box 41.Jameaiown, Mich.

 

 

 

 

you. Trial Examination Free. Ounient. B 17. St. Louis


  

552—12 j

The Michigan F armer

Established 1843. Copywright 1914.

The Lawrence Publishing Co.

Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit Michigan
TELEPHONE MAIN 4525.

NEW YORK OFFIC 15—41 Park Row.

CHICAGO OFFC E—604 Advertising Building.

CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Orezon Ave.. N. E.

PHILADELPHIA OFFICE—21+218 Twelfth St.

 

M, J. LAWRENCE ..................................... President
M. L. LAWRENCE ............................... Vicc.P|’cgidcnt
E. H. HOUGHTON .................................... Seq-True,

  
 

 

I. R. WATERBURY ........... .. .
BURT WERMU’I‘H ...... .. Assoicate
F. A. WILKEN ------------ .. Editors
ALTA LAWSON LI'I‘TELL ........................

E H. HOUGHTON .......................... Busing" Manager

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: .
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Always send money by draft. postoffice money order.
registered letter or by express. We will not be responsible
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The Lawrence Publishing Co.

We never. unless through error. send The Michigan
Farmer beyond the date subscribed to—our subscription price
being always due in advance. and sample copies always free.
No bills will ever be sent should a subscription through
error be continued after expiration.

RATES OF ADVERTISING:

40 cents per line agate type measurement. or $5.60 per
inch (14 agate lines per inch) per insertion. No adv't in
serted for less than $1.20 each insertion. No objection~
able advertisements inserted at any price. .

Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

postofiice.

DETROIT, DEC. 19, 1914.

 

A FEW LEADING ARTICLES OF
THE WEEK.

 

Winter Work on the Farm.—-—Enu-
merating a few important. con.
siderations in the planning of
the farm work ................. 542

Testing Seed Corn with the Rag-
Baby.—A practical method of
testing the seed during severe
winter weather ................ 542

Introduction to a Study of Apple
Varieties.—The second of a spe-
cial series of articles by John W.
Fisher, relating to a survey of
Michigan’s apple industry ....... 544

Training the Colts.———The seventh
of the series of 52 special articles
to be published in consecutive
issues of the Michigan Farmer..546

A Young Calf and its Care.—Essen-
tial requirements in calf feeding
for the foundation of a good
herd .............. .. ........... 548

Christmas Symbols.—An interest-
ing review of Christmas history,
symbols and customs ........... 559

From the Milk Dealer’s Viewpoint.
—Enumerating some of the prob-
lems which confront the city dis-
tributor of this important farm
product ............ . ....... . . ..562

Christmas, 1914.

MPHASIZED with the spice of a

humorous touch, our cover de-

sign presents a timely lesson,
upon which the American people may
well ponder.

The artist mind naturally reverted
to that imperial company of the an-
cient gods upon Mt. Olympus, after
whose coquette goddess of beauty, the
planet Venus was named, when, a few
weeks ago, the intelligent world, in
varying degrees, shared the deep in-
terest,,of the astronomers in the little
planet’s periodical transit across the
face of the sun.

In quite natural artistic sequence
also, is the imagination of the lumber-
ing obesity of the jolly old Santa
Claus, with his heavily loaded bag of
Christmas Cheer, in comic imitation of
the dainty Venus as he follows her
across the “spot-light” of public in-
terest.

Throughout her history, war and
suffering and sorrow have repeatedly
been the unhappy portion of king-
ruled Europe: but never before' for
centuries has her cup of woe seemed
so full as now when the christian
world is upon the threshhold of the
gentle, kindly spirit of the Christmas
season and the sweet message of

 

TH E Mien I GEN isms NI Err ,

“Peace on Earth—Good Will to Men”
should come with potency to its great
heart.

Though in sadness and With broad-
est sympathy, we realize the calamity
befallen our sister nations, we may
well have a. deep and quiet joy in the‘
fact that our own “government of the
people, by the people, for the people,”
is “at peace within its borders and
with all nations,” and far removed
from the Armageddon of so many of
the subjects of the “rulers by divine
right.”

To deliberately wish that opportu-
nity come to us even if through the
calamity of another people, would be

00 as unrighteous as it would be cold.

blooded and cruel; but war increases
rather than lessens the world’s needs
and the increased burden of produc-
tion that necessarily falls upon us as
the greatest agricultural nation at
peace, should be welcomed and brave-
ly met, as equally a duty to the world
and to ourselves.

Truth cannot come to the human
mind more forcibly than through the
lesson of contrasted pictures.

When this wretched, senseless Eu-
ropean conflict is over and the unhap-
py peoples involved have but to con-
template its boundless legacy sor-
row, suffering, of destructlo ,l and
long-lived bitterness, a potential hu-
man loss that centuries cannot restore
—and without one compensating gain,
except it be in the death of militar-
ism; perhaps nothing would more
clearly and vividly display to their
comprehension, the intrinsic worth of
popular government and the sweet-
ness of the conditions of peace, than
to have frequently come under their
vision the legend, “Made in America.”

CURRENT COMMENT.

 

The last chapter
The History of the in the history of
Epidemic. the recent‘ out-
break of foot-
and-mouth disease will, it is hoped, he
closed with the payment of claims for
animals destroyed and the official re-
lease of the quarantine necessary to
the stamping out of the disease. Re‘
cent reports are to the effect that pay-
ment for the cattle by both state and
federal authorities will be made at an
early date and the quarantine will be
lifted as rapidly as reasonable precau-
tions will permit. It is possible, how-
ever, that an appendix may be added
to the history of this outbreak by a.
congressional investigation as tpropos—
ed in resolutions recently introduced
in Congress.

It is easy to criticize a public ofli-
cial for sins of ommission as well as
commission. Oft-times such criticisms
appear just in the light of ultimate
knowledge regarding the situation,
when in reality they may, be more se~
vere than is warranted by the circum-
stances during their period of devel-
opment. There is, however, undoubt-
edly occasion for regret and probably
criticism in the fact that this outbreak
became so general before remedial
measures were applied.

While we have refrained from and
sought to discourage criticism along
this line until after the campaign of
eradication had been successfully com-
pleted, we have attempted to ascer-
tain and catalogue the facts connected
with the outbreak from the time when
it was first reported by a local veteri-
narian at Niles, Mich, during the lat-
ter days of August, to the time when
definite action in the matter was tak-
en by the federal authorities about
the middle of October.

To the layman these facts seem to
indicate a lamentable degree of inac-
tivity on the part of the federal bu-
reau, which was notified during the
first days of September by the State
Veterinarian of the suspected pres-
ence of the disease and after collect-
ing and making laboratory examina-
tions of material from diseased cattle,
diagnosed the condition as due to my-

; m.
"(

cotic stomatitis instead of 3-foot-and-
mouth disease. In the meantime the
infection spread to other herds whose

owners sought state aid in diagnosing»,

the disease, with, the result that dur-
ing the last of September the disease

was reproduced by inoculation, and

the attention of the federal authorities
was again directed to this fact and to
the increased prevalence of the dis-
ease during the first week in October.
The following week an expert from
the Department visited the scene of
the outbreak and finally diagnosed the
difiiculty as foot-and-mouth disease,
and active measures were at once tak-
en to establish a local quarantine. But
during the weeks in which the disease
had been prevalent, shipments of
stock were made to Chicago and re‘
shipments were made to Michiganand
other sections of the country from the
Chicago yards. Many of these ship-
ments, which continued during the
balance of October, established new
centers, thus making the final eradica-
tion of the disease more diflicult and
costly.

While, as above noted, these facts
make it appear to the layman that
the serious nature of this outbreak
was not recognized by Department
officials as promptly as should have
been the case, yet the simliarity of
this disease to other less infectious
diseases with similar symptoms and
the rare occurrence of the disease in
this country are extenuating circum-
stances which should be glven full
weight. Undoubtedly should other sus-
picious cases occur while this out-
break is fresh in the memory of cm-
cials and laymen alike, quarantine
regulations will precede rather than
follow the diagnosis of the difficulty.
This appears to have been the gravest
error in the handling of this outbreak
which, however, was compensated for
in some degree by the vigor with
which the campaign of eradication
was pushed to successful completion
after it was once begun.

FACTS WORTH NOTING.

 

In giving our -old subscribers an op-
portunity to renew for more than one
year at a low price we are not chang-
ing the regular price of the Michigan
Farmer from $1.25 to $1.00 for three
years, or from $2.00 to $1.50 for five
years. We are'just making a bargain
price for the present, and may be com-
pelled to go back to the old prices for
subscriptions running for more than
one year. Should the war continue
and the price of paper and ink ad-
vance as expected, we may be com-
pelled to advance the price still fur-
ther. But it is certain that we can
not under any circumstances make
the price lower than our present ofler
of 50 cents for one year, $1.00 for
three years or $1.50 for five years.
Nor could we make the quality better
at any price, since we are doing our
very best to make the Michigan Farm-
er of maximum value to every reader.
There are countless good reasons why
every farmer in Michigan should take
the only trade paper published espe-
cially for him, and the bargain price
now being made should prove an in-
centive for every. present reader
whose subscription is about to expire
to renew at once. If your subscrip-
tion expires on January 1, 1915, your
date tab will read 1Jan5 or 1Jan15,
following your name. Watch the date
tab on your paper and renew at once
to advoid missing copies.

LEGAL QU ESTIONS ANSWERED.

 

For the accommodation of our sub-
scribers, we have arranged with Mr.
Allan Campbell, a competent attorney,
to answer legal inquiries for our sub-
scribers. For this service a fee of 25
cents for each question will be charg-

ed to insure that only questions of

importance will be asked. This will
bring a personal letter of advice from
the attorney, to whom the questions

\

‘ l "":‘nnc:19,i1914;"

are referred. Address Legal Depart-*
ment, Michigan Farmer, Detroit. Mich.

 

HAPPENINGS or THE WEEK.

Foreign.

The European Wan—The struggle
goes on regardless of winter. weather.
The peculiar position of the forces, es-
pemally in the east, no doubt makes
necessary the continuationbf active
operations by both armies. Neither
the Russians nor the Germans are sit-
uated so they can “mark time” with:
out sacrificing advantages already
gained and opportunities for further
strengthening of positions. The Ger-
mans have pounded the Russian cen-
ter hard, forcing the latter’s front
back behind Lodz and near Warsaw in
Russian Poland. But while this has
been going on the Russians , have
strengthened both ends and threaten
to outflank the Teutons, particularly
in the vicinity ’of Cracow in Western
Galicia has the flanking movement
caused anxiety to the Kaiser’s gener-
als. Both sides Contend that the posi-_
tion is growing more favorable. The
Servlans have had a successful week
against the Austrians. In the west
the Allied forces have taken the of-
fensive at points in northeastern
France and also repulsed the Ger-
mans at Ypres. The line, however,
seems to remain about as a week ago
with the movement of troops confined
to small detachments. At Aspach, A1-
sace, the Germans made a desperate
effort to dislodge the French but fail-
ed, according to announcement from
Paris. On the sea the British squad-
dron, assisted by Japanese boats, suc-
ceeded in locating and destroying the
German fleet that a fortnight ago de-
feated the British off the coast of
Chili, and that has been operating in
the southern seas for some time. This
victory gives the English navy com-
plete control of the seas save the Bal-
tic and portions of the North Sea.

The Dutch steamer Bogor went
ashore at Leixves, Portugal, last week
and; it is believed that 25 lives were
05 .

Provisional President Gutierrez, of
Mexico, has taken cognizance of the
situation at Naco, Sonora, which is
just across the boundary line between
Mexico and United States, and order-
ed the cessation of hostilities at that
point. Here fighting betceen rebels
and federals had resulted in stray bul-

 

lets coming across the boundary and _

injuring and killing persons on“ the
American side. The matter was re-
ferred to Washington 'and thence to
an? provisional government at Mexico

1 y.

Emperor William of Germany is
convalescing and some dispatches in-
dicate that he expects to go back to
the front soon.

National.

Continuous disregard for the ship-
ping rules governing in the waters ad-
jacent to the approaches of the Pana-
ma Canal, by ships of warring nations
has resulted in a request by Governor
Goethels that gunboats be sent to en-
force these rules.

For the first time in its history the
post office department will show a sur-
plus for the fiscal year of 1914. The
parcel post and postal savings bank
are credited with much of the surplus
profits. In a statement by Postmaster
General Burleson the .public owner-
ship of wire lines is urged.

Sereno E. Payne, for more than 30
years a member of the national House
of Representatives died in Washing-
ton last week and funeral services
were held in the chamber of the
House Sunday.

A, movement has been started in
Congress looking toward the prohibi-
tion of exports of war supplies to be-
llgerent nations.

The opening of the New York stock
market last Saturday and the liberal
manner in which stocks were purchas-
ed .1ndi_cate a generally improved con-
dition in financial circles of this coun-
ry.

Up-to-the-Minute Spray Calendar.

“Consider this comparison—6004b.
barrel against 100-lb. drum.” This
comparison was made to show the dif-
ference in the freight charges on or-
dinary commercial lime and sulphur
spraying material and Niagara Soluble
Sulphur Compound in the, advertise-
ment of the Niagara Sprayer ‘00.,
which. appeared on page 27’ of
the Michigan Farmer of December 5.
A typographical error made the com-
parison appear to be between a 60-lb.
barrel and a. 100-lb. drum, although
the pictorial comparison was striking
and the weight of barrel was given as
600 lbs. under the cut. Write the
Niagara Sprayer Co., 44 Main street,

A‘Middleport, N. Y., for a- sclen'tific bul-
letin describing actual field experi-
ments with Niagara .Soluble.'Sulphur.

compounds, and “ testimonials giving

experiences of praCticalfi-uit growers »'
who use this powdered spraying mate- -'

rial. In writing also ask for their
“Up-to-the-Minute” . spray calendar,
mentioning the Michigan Farmer.

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

     

 

    

 

LITERATURE ‘17re FARM BOY
. POETRY one GIRL

HISTORY ma SCIENTIFIC an?!
INFORMATION ”my MECHANICAL

 

 

 

 

This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week. Every article is writtteII especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere.

 

WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

:I
S Copyright by Underwood & Undooerwd. ,N. Y. C"“y"igl't by Unde ”“d A. lvn'iprm' 'd‘ N‘ “
Belgian and British Cavarrymen Wintering in the Trenches. American Horses and Mules Being Loaded for Warring Nations.
f
.‘s.
i
Copyright by Underwood & Underwood. N. Y. (Hi-yright by l'ndm-w‘ .\ l'mlvrm-ml, N. Y
German Marines Returning to Camp with Cattle from Northern France. Windmill Used by German Sharpshooters now in Hands of British.
*.
w; .
,‘h ,‘ . Copyright hy Underwood & Underwood. N. Y. ~
' ,, Prince of Wales on way to the Front. Masterpiece of American Sculptor. German Soldiers Share Meal with Belgian Waifs.

 


 

554—14

MERGING from a brilliantly-light-
ed store full of belated Yuletide
shoppers, a short, stout man,

with a great bundle under his left
arm, pulled down his peaked cap with
his right hand, rolled up his overcoat
collar and. trudged through the snow
into a darkened by-street on down to
the railroad yards flanking the river.
While there was hardly suflEicient light
through those sombre streets to guide
a cat, the short man seemed to make
his way easily enough.

When the man with the bundle
reached the far end of the station and
was about to pass out into the yards
he was accosted by a muffled up fig-
ure carrying a lantern.

“You got to take on four cars of
horses tonight, Dan,” he said; “rush
order for the French by express.”

“How’s 55?” queried the short man,
with anxiety.

“An hour to the bad, you’ll have to
hustle; The army agent’s here with
the stock, and he’s some nervous.”

On the viaduct, outlined against the
uncanny glow from the lights on the
bluff, was what looked like some great
monster of the fabled mountains. It
was No. 2908, growling sullenly with
the might of her immense boiler, 396,-
400 pounds of iron and steel and fuel.

Dan Cadogan, the engineer, holding
tight to his big bundle walked nimbly
along the ties of the viaduct, and
climbed on his engine. He gently laid
his bundle in his seat box, and placed
his overcoat in a rack overhead. Jerry
McGee, the fireman, nodded a greet-
ing and the two men busied them-
selves about the engine; oiling, screw-
ing up bolts, examining valves, and
doing the many things the men of a
fast engine trust to no one but them-
selves.

A switch-engine pushed the four
cars of cavalry horses up the viaduct.
The couplings Were made, and the air
tried. Only in case of the greatest
urgency is stock shipped on a trunk
line passenger train. But the men
who bought them were willing to pay.
because in the sombre drama being
played across the seas those four car-
loads of horses might mean the turn-
ing of the tide in a great battle.

The snow fell steadily, looking like
jewels in the rays of the electric head-
light.

Presently the enginemen who were
scanning the river front observed a
meteor-like glow coming out of the
bluffs far up the river, and Jerry re-
marked:

“She’s coming.”

Then he seized the chain, swung op-
en the furnace door and ladled in
great scoopsful of coal.

No. 55, ten coaches long, reared in-
to the station, the panting engine was
uncoupled, and the relief machine was
slowly backed down to its place. The
load was heavier by four long stock
cars filled with horses'destined for
the war.

The conductor and another man
walked briskly forward. The engine-
man was standing on the platform of
the gangway.

“Dan,” said the conductor; “this is
Colonel Lamartine—he has charge of
these‘horses.” The man he presented
was slender and dark-eyed. He wore
a mustache and just the suggestion of
a goatee.

“It’s one matter of life and death,
Monsiuer,” declared the officer, with
some excitement, “to make ze connec-
tions. Ze army is needing them—
these horses.”

"We’ll go some,” replied the engi-
neer calmly.

“Thank you, sir,” returned the om-
cer; “I feel you will do ze best you
can.”

The conductor handed the clearance
order, and the short man ascended
the iron steps to his position. .

A tiny whistle cried shrilly through
the cab. Dan opened the cylinder

  

. ‘9 . e.

THE . MICHIGAN FARM ER

N0. 2908’s Christmas Eve Run—Bysdga‘rwmte

cocks and grasped the long, slender
lever. No. 2908, without a quiver,
without the slipping of a wheel, start-
ed so smoothly that it was like glid-
ing over a polished floor.

The cavalry horses were on their
way to the war.

A great cloud of steam blotted out
the world ahead as No. 2908 swung on
the bridge crossing the river. The
girders of the great structure rattled
as the long train glided on in an easy,
swinging motion. The ark lights from
the city they were leaving behind
shown like stars from the high bluffs.

The bridge cleared, the engineman
let her out “a few notches,” and Jer-
ry, the big brown-armed fireman, toss-
ed more dark food into the glare of
the white-hot cavern below. The steam
gauge stood at 200, now and then
flickering up a few points, the move.
ment being announced by an ear-split-
ting volley from the safety valve.

Along the rock ballast from the riv-
er’s border, the lighted cars behind
writhed and twisted about the curves
like some panoramic display to inter-
est a multitude.

The road then straightened and led
across the North River bottoms on a
high fill. On either side was a wil-
derness, flat, snow-covered, like the
stepps of Siberia.

“Red block ahead!”

Off went the steam, and the engine-
man’s gloved hand fingered the tiny
brass lever controlling the air. The
stoppage of the train sent the safety
valve shrieking again and a white
cloud burst over the great cylinder
battery, shutting out the world in a
volume of mist.

A Milwaukee train, a long streak of
light in the dark, swept across the
track directly ahead. When it passed
the engineman of 55 touched the long
slender lever. But the light ahead
still showed red in the falling snow.

“See if there’s another man coming
along, Jerry,” directed the engineman.

The fireman climbed out to the left-
hand gangway steps and strained his
eyes into the darkness until he saw a
“firefly” off in the gloom.

“Yes, sir,” replied the stoker; “he’ll
be here in a minute.”

In the engine cab the whole system
of operation is sunk into the person-
ality of the man at the throttle. You
seldom hear the word “train" used.

While they waited for the “man” in
the distance to come in, Dan’s keen
eyes detected a dark form climb up
the fill and on the “blind baggage.”

“Jerry,” he said, “there is a tramp
on the blind; make him come in here
and he can spell you a bit; you know
we got two bad hills to climb tonight.”

The tramp, glad to find a warm
place, promptly accepted the proffered
hospitality and at Jerry’s direction be-
gan pulling down the coal. Then he
was allowed to sit on the fireman's
box until needed.

“White light!”

The “firefly” had run in and clanged
harshly across the pathway in front
of No. 55.

“Seven minutes more!" muttered
the engineman, with serious concern.
It was piling greater odds against the
run.

Out of the North River bottoms and
through rock cuts and curves the fiyer
struggled up grade. No. 2908 was car-
rying through its tubes to the great
Howitzer-like cylinders ahead every
ounce of steam the gauge registered.
But the curves and the grade and the
fourteen heavy cars behind were tre-
mendous drags against the high en-
deavor- of the big machine.

Spouting viciously from the short
stack ahead were two long oblique
columns of fire, piercing the snow in
different directions. Jerry, just finish-
ing with another meal for the engine,
staggered over to the tramp and
bawled: “We getting ready to go
now, hold‘on to something."

,r'.

The crest of the long grade is reach-
ed, and with a sort of satisfied snort
No. 2908 settled down to its work.
Men of wealth have spent streams of
gold in searching for thrills of a less
strenuous character than came to the

- layman in the cab that night.

He began to realize that something
was happening when the side of the
cab smashed against his head like a.
blow from a. prize fighter. Out ahead
he could see just an acre of white
light and a fiery eruption from the
sawed-off stack.

Underneath the trailer glowed with
red embers dropping from the furnace
to the road-bed.

Across the deck, curle; up like a
Turk, sat Dan. In front of his eyes
were'a pair of fierce-looking goggles.
Never once did his eyes leave the
rails ahead, nor his hand the lever.

The engine was now measuring up
to the full warranty of the makers.
Every valve and cock was sputtering
with pent-up pressure.

The din of escaping steam and the
hammering of the rails were so ter—
rific that the slowly delivered strokes
of the automatic bell, which the rules
of the road required while the engine
was in motion, sounded like far-away
funeral chimes.

On through the dark night, throw-
ing miles upon miles behind, No. 2908
sped like a thing of life. It had the
right of way over everything on the
road. As it clanged through the var-
ious towns other trains were on the
side track awaiting its passage.

At lonely way-side stations operat-
ors could be seen with their faces
against the window panes watching
the fiyer go by. They knew its en-
gineman was making the run of his
life to recover sixty minutes that had
been lost by the “man” on the other
division, and it was interesting, even
to a railroad operator, who saw hun-
dreds of trains crash by every day, to
see how the man in the cab of No. 55
was doing the job of work he had on
hand that snowy night.

Despite the snow and the tremen-
dous handicap of its unusual load, No.
2908 might have retrieved that hour
lost by the engineer on the first run,
but for the stop signal at Twin Rock,
a town near a small but deep and

dangerous stream.
“Bridge over Devil’s Creek is
shaky,” said the operator; “section

gang’s out there now watching. The
stream’s up and coming down like a
torrent.”

Standing on the platform the con-
ductor, the engineman and Colonel
Lamartine, discussed the situation.
The bridge was a long wooden trestle,
one of the last on the division since
the big engines had been put into ser-
vice. Not having yet heard from di-
vision headquarters, the operator had,
on the principle of safety first, stop-
ped the train so as to let the crew
know what was ahead.

“What do you say, Dan?” asked the
conductor.

“We’ll go ahead,” replied the en-
gineman.

“Oui!” agreed Colonel Lamartine.
“Zat's ze talk.”

The long trestle swayed so percep-
tibly when the heavy train crept slow-
ly on to it that the section men, fear-
ing a crash, moved away. The dark
waters swirled threateningly against
the none too solid piers, and once or
twice there was a loud snapping as
though the fragile structure was go-
ing to give way.

It seemed a long, long while before
the train cleared the bridge, and as
the tail lights of the last sleeper pass-
ed over the section men gave a shout
of relief.

Five minutes later 55 was again
roaring along over high fills, twisting
around curves and darting through
deep cuts. '

.“He's bound to get those horses

DEC. 19, 1914.

through in time for you,” smiled the

conductor as he stood in the aisle of'

the swaying car, near where C‘olonel
Lamartine sat. “That was a desper—
ate chance he took back there.”

“He is one brave man," declared the
French officer, his eyes shining. “A
soldier of France—he ought to be.” _

0n sped No. 2908, its keen eye
piercing through the snow; its six
great drive wheels roaring like the
onward sweep of mighty cavalry; ev-
ery nerve strained to the breaking
point.

There was just the slightest hint of
dawn in the eastern sky as the glow
far down the line betokened the di-
vision, where the gallant old engine
would rest from its labors.

The station signal was short like a
snap, and the long train glided in un-
der the sheds. Dan grabbed his bun-
dle and overcoat, and jumped down to
the platform, where Colonel Lamar-
tine, the grateful one, rushed up to
grasp his hand.

“My good engineer friend!’ he ex-
claimed. “You shall not be forgotten
for this night’s good work. The cross
of ze Legion—"France will—”

“That’s all right, Colonel,” said the
engineer; “glad to serve you. Excuse
me now—I’m in a bit of a hurry.”

Dan pushed through the crowds un-
til he got to the far end of the depot
where the hacks were. He went up to
one, where an old negro was huskily
shouting:

“Step dis way, people, for de Brook-

lan’ house! Git right in. Every-
body—” '
“Here, Mose,” said the engineer

handing the negro a dollar; “1 want
you to drive those skeletons of yours
faster than they ever went before.
Get a move on!”

“Whar to, Mars Dan?” asked the
surprised negro.

“Home! Quit talking and get busy!”

Mose understood. He climbed on
the seat above as quick as his rheu-
maticky limbs would allow him, and
soon that ancient oil-lighted vehicle
known asqthe hotel bus was bumping
over the streets as though the Old
Nick himself were chasing it. Mose
gathered the idea that somebody at
Dan’s house was sick, and he plied
the whip in a way that scared the life
out of his sorry-looking plugs. But
they got to their destination, and Dan
jumped out and ran to the side door,
where he tapped gently.

A healthy young woman came, her
eyes lighting up like stars, greeted
her husband. It was now fairly light,
and the church bells over in town
were chiming for Christmas.

“Has she woke up yet?” asked Dan
anxiously.

“Still sound asleep,” smiled Mrs.
Dan, as she took the big bundle.

“Thank goodness! The fellow on
the other end was late and I was
afraid—” '

The young wife unrolled the bundle
and almost cried out with delight as
she beheld the magnificent doll. Then
they put it in a little carriage near a
Christmas tree Mrs. Dan had decked
during the evening and tiptoed into a
side-room where a tiny brown-haired
girl smiled in her sleep.

“And that Frenchman thought Iwas
doing it for his old horses," murmur-
ed the engineer.

 

“LAND O' NOD STORIES.”

 

What are they? Short stories of ac-
tion and life that will go directly to
the heart of every boy and girl who
reads them. They are written by
Howard T. Knapp, “the Children’s
Friend.” The first will appear next

week, and every succeeding issue will

be featured by one. Inquisitive Billy
and Wise little Tinker appear and re-
appear. They are certainly genuine
friends and young'readers as well as
old ones, will soon become thoroughly
acquainted with them through our
Magazine Department.‘

  
    
  

4

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at.
i
i

«1“VM“ ‘- _ . an,

a.

 


 

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a.

 

DEC; 19," 1914;

E was only a little bit of a chap,
H and so, when for the first time

in his life he came into close
contact with the endless current of
human things, it was as hard for him
to “stay put” as for some wayward
little atom of flotsam and jetsam to

keep from tossing about in the surg-

ing tides of the sea.

His mother had left him there in
the big toy-shop, with instructions not
to move until she came back, while
she went off to do some mysterious
errand. She thought, no doubt, that
with so many beautiful things on
every side to delight his eye and hold
his attention, strict obedience to her
commands would not be hard. But,
alas! the good lady reckoned not upon
the magnetic power of attraction of
all those lovely objects in detail. She
saw them only as a mass of wonders
which, in all probability, would so
dazle his vision as to leave him inca-
pable of movement; but Little Billee
was not so indifferent as all that.

When a phonograph at the other
end of the shop began to rattle off
melodious tunes and funny jokes, in
spite of the instructions he had re-
ceived, off he pattered as fast as his
little legs would carry him to investi-
gate. After that, forgetful of every-
thing else, finding himself caught in
the constantly moving stream of
Christmas shoppers, he was borne
along in the resistless current until
he found himself at last out upon the
street—alone, free, and independent.

It was great fun at first. By and
by, however, the afternoon waned;
the sun, as if anxious to hurry along
the dawn of Christmas Day, sank
early to bed; and the electric lights
along the darkening highway began to
pop out here and there, like so many
merry stars come down to earth to
celebrate the gladdest time of all the

year. Little Billee began to grow
tired; and then he thought of his
mama, and tried to find the shop

where he had/promised to remain
quiet until her return. Up and down
the street he wandered until his little
legs grew weary; but there was no
sign of the shop, nor of the beloved
face he was seeking.

Once again, and yet once again after
that, did the little fellow traverse that
crowded highway, his tears getting
harder and harder to keep back, and
then—joy of joys—whom should he
see walking slowly along the sidewalk
but Santa Claus himself! The saint
was strangely decorated with two
queer-looking boards, with big red let-
ters on them, hung over his back and
chest; but there was still that same
kindly, gray-bearded face, the red
cloak with the fur trimmings, and the
same dear old cap that the children’s
friend had always worn in the pic-
tures of his that Little Billee had
seen.

With a glad cry of happiness, Lit-
tle Billee ran to meet the old fellow,
and put his hand gently into that of
,the saint. He thought it very strange
that Santa Claus’s hand should be so
red and cold and rough, and so
chapped; but he was not in any mood
to be critical. He had been face to
face with a very disagreeable situa-
tion. Then, when things had seemed
blackest to him, everything had come
right again; and he was too glad to
take more than passing ”notice of any-
thing strange and odd.

Santa Claus, of course, would rec-
ognize him at once, and would know
just how to take him back to his
mama at home—wherever that might
be. Little Billee had never thought
to inquire just where home was. All
he knew was that it was a ,big gray
stbne house on .a long street some-
where, with a tall iron railing in front
of it, not far from'the park.

"Howaid’oo, ~ Mr. Santa Claus?”
said Little Billee, as the other’s hand
unconsciously ,, tightened over his own.

THE M'ICHIGAN“"‘FAR~‘MER

' "SANTA”CLAUS AND LITTLE BILLEE. '

By JOHN KENDRICK BANGS.
ImmmnumIIIummmmmmmmmImnmummuumummmnmnnnmuunmmmumnumumumnmmuInImnuummunmuuummwmunmlmumlmummmlmmunumImummmmuumm

“Why, howdidoo, kiddie?" replied
the old fellow, glancing down at his
new-found friend, with surprise gleam-
ing from his deep-set eyes. “Where
did you drop from?”

“Oh, I’m out!” said Little Billee
bravely. “My mama left me a little
while ago While she went off about
something, and I guess I got losted.”

“Very likely,” returned the old
saint with a smile. “Little two-by-
four fellers are apt to get losted when
they start in on their own hook, spe-
cially days like these, with such
crowds hustlin’ around.”

“But it’s all right now,” suggested
Little Billee hopefully. “I’m found
again, ain’t 1?”

“Oh, yes, indeedy, you’re found all
right, kiddie!” Santa Claus agreed.

“Aud pretty soon you’ll take me
home again, won’t you?” said the
child.

“Surest thingyou know!” answered
Santa Claus, looking down upon the

“Howdidoo, Mr.

bright but tired little face with a com-
forting smile. “What might your ad-
dress be?”

“My what?” asked Little Billee.

“Your address,” repeated Santa
Claus. “Where do you live?"

The answer was a ringing peal of
childish laughter.

“As if you didn’t know that!” cried
Little Billee, giggling.

“Ha, ha!" laughed Santa Claus.
“Can’t fool you, can I? It would be
funny if, after keeping an eye on you
all these years since you was a babby,
I didn’t know where you lived, eh?”

“Awful funny," agreed Little Billee.
“But tell me, Mr. Santa Claus, what
sort of a boy do you think I have
been?” he added with a shade of anx-
iety in his voice.

“Pretty good~pretty good,” Santa
Claus answered, turning in his steps
and walking back again along the path
he had just traveled—which Little
Billee thought was rather a strange
thing to- do. “You’ve got more white
marks. than black ones—a good many
more—a hundred and fifty times as

 

many, kiddie. Fact is, you’re all right
——'way up among the good boys;
though once or twice last summer, you
know—”

“Yes, I know,” said Little Billee
meekly, “but I didn’t mean to be
naughty.”

“That’s just what I said to the
bookkeeper,” said Santa Claus, “and
so we gave you a gray mark—half
white and half black—that doesn’t
count either way, for or against you.”

“Thank you, sir,’ said Little Billee,
much comforted.

“Don’t mention it; you are very
welcome, kiddie,” said Santa Claus
giving the youngster’s hand a gentle
squeeze.

“Why do you call me kiddie when
you know my name is Little Billee?”
asked the boy.

“Oh, that’s what I call all good
boys,” explained Santa Claus. “You
see, we divide them up into two kinds
~the good boys and the naughty boys

L-OI?FA

   

Santa Claus."

——and the good boys we call kiddies,
and the naughty boys we call caddies,
and there you are.”

Just then Little Billee noticed for
the first time the square boards that
Santa Claus was wearing.

“What are you wearing those
boards for, Mr. Santa Claus?” he
asked. '

If the lad had looked closely

enough he would have seen a very un-
happy look. come into the old man’s
face, but there was nothing of it in
his answer.

“Oh, those are my new-fangled back-
and-chest protectors, my lad,” he re-
plied. “Sometimes we have bitter
winds blowing at Christmas, and I
have to be ready for them. It
wouldn’t do for Santa Claus to come
down with the sneezes at Christmas
time, you know—no, siree! This
board in front keeps the wind off my
chest, and the one behind keeps me
from getting rheumatism in my back.
They are a great protection against
the weather.” .

“I’ll have to tell my papa about

' 15—555

them,” said Little Billee, much im-
pressed by the simplicity of this ar-
rangement. “Wehave a glass board
on the front of our ortymobile to keep
the wind off Henry—he’s our shuffler
but papa wears a fur coat, and
sometimes he says the wind goes
right through that. He’ll be glad to
know about these boards.”

“I shouldn’t wonder," smiled Santa
Claus. “They aren’t very becoming,
but they are mighty useful. You
might save up your pennies and give
your papa a pair like ’em for his next
Christmas.” ,

Santa Claus laughed as he spoke,
but there was a catch in his voice
which Little Billee was too young to
notice.

“You’ve got letters printed there,”
said the boy peering around in front
of his companion. “What do they
spell? You know I haven’t learned to
read yet.”

“And why should you'know how to
read at your age?” said Santa Claus.
“You’re not more than—-”

“Five last month,” said Little Billee
proudly. It was such a great age!

“My, as old as that?” cried Santa
Claus. “Well, you are growing fast!
Why, it don’t seem more than yester-
day that you was a pink-checked baby,
and here you are big enough to be out
alone! That’s more than my little boy
is able to do.”

Santa Claus shivered slightly, and
Little Billee was surprised to see a.
tear glistening in his eye.

“Why, have you got a little boy?”
he asked.

“Yes, Little Billee,” said the saint.
“A poor white-faced little chap, about
a year older than you, who—well,
never mind, kiddie—he’s a kiddie, too
-——let’s talk about something else, or
I’ll have icicles in my eyes.”

“You didn’t tell me what those let-
ters on the boards spell,” said Little
Billee.

“ ‘Merry Christmas to Everybody!”’
said Santa Claus. “I have the words
printed there so that everybody can
see them; and if I miss wishing any.
body a merry Christmas he’ll know I
meant it just the same.”

“You’re awful kind, aren’t you?”
said Little Billee, squeezing his
friend’s hand affectionately. “It must
make you very happy to be able to be
so kind to everybody.”

Santa Claus made no reply to this
remark, beyond giving a very deep
sigh, which Little Billee chose to be-
lieve was evidence of a great inward
content. They walked on now in si-
lence, for Little Billee was beginning
to feel almost too tired to talk, and
Santa Claus seemed to be thinking of
something else. Finally, however, the
little fellow spokee

“I guess I’d like to go home now,
Mr. Santa Claus,” he said. “I’m
tired, and I’m afraid my mama will be
wondering where I’ve gone to.”

“That’s so, my little man,” said
Santa Claus, stopping short \‘in his
walk up and down the block. “Your
mother will be worried, for a fact;
and your father, too—I know how I’d
feel if my little boy got losted and
hadn’t come home at dinner—time. I
don’t believe you know where you
live, though—now, honest! Come!
’Fess up, Billee, you don’t know where
you live, do you?”

“Why, yes I do,” said Little Billee.
“It’s in the big gray stone house with
the iron fence in front of it, near the
park.” ,

“Oh, that’s easy enough!” laughed
Santa Claus nervously. “Anybody
could say he lived in a gray stone
house with a fence around it, near the
park; but you don’t know what street
it’s on, nor the number, either. I’ll
bet fourteen wooden. giraffes against
a monker on a stick!”

“No, I don’t," said Little Billee

(Continued on page. 558).


 

-123. .

“mam

556—16

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Winston of the Prairie

BY HAROLD BINDLOSS.

 

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

“I have played a more risky one,
but I don’t know that I have'cause to
be very grateful for anything I ac‘
quired in the past,” said Winston with
a curious smile.

Dane stood up and flung his cigar

IF?

 

Copyrighted by Broderick; stokes Company.

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filllllflflmlllllllllllllllllllllllflllllIllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllII“mmHlll|IllllI|II|lIIMIIIIHIIIHUHIIHIIIll!HIIl|llIIHHHlllllllfllIlllIIBillllullflfll|IIHillHRHWIIIllIliumIllll|IlllmmIlIlllulllllflllllllllllliflflllfi

_ Synopsis of Previous Chapters.
Farmer Winston, a bankrupt homesteader, accepts a proposal to simu-

late Lance Courthorne, an adventurer.

Courthorne and his pals struggle

with the police, kill Trooper Shannon, who leaves evidence pointing to Win-
ston as the murderer, and smuggle through some illegal distillery products.
To Silverdaie, a settlement founded by Colonel Barrington, Maud Barring-

ton, his niece and ward, has just returned from Montreal.

The Colonel is

worried over a fall in wheat prices, and also over the coming of Lance

Courthorne, Miss Barrington’s cousin,
_ Maud Barrington learns more of her cousin’s unsavory
Winston, in the meantime, pushes on to Montana, is held for Court-

father’s estate.
past.

to Silverdale to claim a share of his

home by an oflicer, who discloses to him the belief that Winston is the
murderer of Shannon. Mail for Courthorne is opened by Winston. Comply-
ing with instructions in the letter, he meets and confers with a lawyer re-

specting Courthorne’s inheritance at Silverdale. visits the colony.
of his actions fail to tally with Courthorne’s reputation.

Some
He wins the good

will of Dane, the Colonel’s adviser. The real Courthorne, supposed to have

been drowned during the smuggling,

now reappears in Montana,

meets

Ailly Blake, whose life he had blighted and who is now engaged to one

Potter, rancher.

Winston, returning from Winnipeg, finds Miss Barrington

at one MacDonald’s, and in an attempt to reach Silverdale the are
in a blizzard. The night is spent at a lonely building and the follgvlclrfilgt'

day_they reach home through the heroic efforts of Winston.

Miss Barring-

ton promises ,Winston to sow her land to wheat the following spring. He
in due season, begms planting operations in spite of the Colonel’s adverse

criticism. Miss Barrington commends

Winston for his successful efforts to

break the gambling habits of Ferris, a young Englishman.

CHAPTER XIII.——(Concluded).

Winston laughed, but made no an-
swer, and their companion said noth-
ing at all. Either the night wind had
a drowsy effect on him, or he was
moodily resentful, for it was not until
Winston pulled up before the home-
stead whose lands he farmed indiffer-
ently under Barrington’s supervision,
that he opened his mouth.

“You have got off very cheaply to-
night, and if you’re wise you’ll let that
kind of thing alone in future,” said
Winston quietly.

The lad stepped down from the wag-
on and then stood still. “I resent ad-
vice from you as much as I do your
——uncalled for insolence an hour or
two ago,” he said. “To lie low until
honest men got used to him would be
considerably more becoming to a man
like you.”

“Well,” said Winston, stung into
forgetfulness, “I’m not going to offend
in that fashion again, and you can go
to the devil in the way that most
pleases you. In fact, I only pulled you
out of the pit tonight because a lady,
who apparently takes a quite unwar-
ranted interest in you, asked me to.”

Ferris stared up at him, and his
face showed up almost livid through
the luminous night.

“She asked you to!” he said. “By
the Lord, I’ll make you sorry for this.”

Winston said nothing, but shook the
reins, and when the wagon iurched
forward Dane looked at him.

“I didn’t know that before,” he
said.

“Well,” said Winston dryly, “if I
hadn’t lost my temper with the lad,
you wouldn’t have known now.”

Dane. smiled. “You miss the point
of it. Our engaging friend made him-
self the laughing stock of the colony
by favoring Maud Barrington with his
attentions when he came out. In fact,
I fancy the lady in desperation had to
turn her uncle loose on him before he
could be made to understand that they
were not appreciated. I’d keep my
eyes on him, Courthorne, for the little
beast has shown himself abominably
vindictive occasionally, though I have
a notion he’s scarcely to be held ac-
countable. It’s a case of too pure a
strain and consanguinity. TWo branch-
es of the family—marriage between
land and money, you see.”

“It will be my heel if he gets in my
way,” said Winston grimly.

It was late when they reached his
homestead, where Dane was to stay
the night, and when they went in a
youthful figure in Uniform rose up in
the big log-walled hall. For a moment
Winston’s heart almost stood still, and
then holding himself in hand by a
strenuous effort, be moved forward
and stood where the light of a lamp
did not shine quite fully upon him. “He
knew that uniform, and he had also
seen the lad who wore it, once or

twice before, at an outpost six hun-
dred miles away across the prairie. He
knew the risk he took was great, but
it was evident to him that if his iden-
tity escaped detection at first sight,
use would do the rest, and while he
had worn a short-pointed beard on the
western prairie, he was cleanly shav-
en now.

The lad stood quite still a moment
staring at him, and Winston returning
his gaze steadily felt his pulses throb.

“Well, trooper, what has brought
you here?” he said.

“Homestead visitation, sir,” said the
lad, who had a pleasant English voice.
“Mr. Courthorne, I presume—accept
my regrets if I stared at you—but for
a moment you reminded me of a man
I knew. They’ve changed us round
lately, and I’m from the Alberta squad-
ron just sent into this district. It was
late when I rode in, and your people
were kind enough to put me up.”

Winston laughed. “I have been tak-
en for another man before. Would
you like anything to dring, or a smoke
before you turn in, trooper?”

“No, sir,” said the lad. “If you’ll
sign my docket to show I’ve been
here, I’ll get some sleep. I’ve sixty
miles to ride tomorrow.”

Winston did as he was asked, and
the trooper withdrew, while when
they sat down to a last cigar it seem-
ed to Dane that his companion’s face
was graver than usual.

“Did you notice the lad’s astonish-
ment when you came in?” he asked.
“He looked very much as if he had
seen a ghost.”

Winston laughed. “I believe he fan-
cied he had. There was a man in the
district he came from who some folks
considered resembled me. In reality, I
was by no means like him, and he’s
dead now.”

“Likenesses are curious things, and
it’s stranger still how folks alter,"
said Dane. “Now, they’ve a photo-
graph at Barrington’s of you as a boy,
and while there is a resemblance in
the face, nobody with any discern-
ment would have fancied that lad
would grow into a man like you. Still,
that’s of no great moment, and I want
to know just how you spotted the
gambler. I had a tolerably expensive
tuition in most games of chance in my
callow days, and haven’t forgotten
completely what I was taught then,
but though I watched the game, I saw
nothing that led me to suspect crock-
ed play.”

Winston laughedi “I watched his
face, and what I saw there decided
me to try a bluff, but it was not until
he turned the table over I knew I was
right.” ' ' '

“Well,” said Dane dryly, “you don’t
need your nerves toned up. With only
a suspicion to go upon, it was a toler-
ably risky game. Still, of course, you
had advantages." ‘ ~ ' '

' away.

“It's time I was asleep," he
said. “Still, since our talk has turned
in this direction, I want to tell you
that, as you have doubtless seen, there
is something about you that puzzles
me occasionally. I don’t ask your
confidence until you are ready to give
it to me—but if ever you want any-
body to stand behind you in a dim.
culty, you’ll find me rather more than
willing."

He went out, and Winston sat still,
very grave in face, for at least an-
other hour.

 

CHAPTER XIV.
A Fair Advocate.

Thanks to the fashion in which the
hotel keeper managed the affair, the
gambler left the settlement without
personal injury, but very little richer
than when he entered it. The rest of
those who were present at his meet-
ing with Winston were also not desir-
ous that their friends should know
that they had been victimized, and
because Dane was discreet, news of
what had happened might neVer have
reached Silverdale had not one of the
younger men ridden in to the railroad
a few days later. Odd scraps of con-
versation overheard led him to sus-
pect that something unusual had tak-
en place, but as nobody seemed to be
willing to supply details, he returned
to Silverdale with his curiosity unsat-
isfied. As it happened, he was short-
ly afterwards present at a gathering
of his neighbors at Macdonald’s farm
and came across Ferris there.

“I heard fragments of a curious
story at the settlement,” he said.
“There was trouble of some kind in
which a professional gambler figured
last Saturday night, and though no-
body seemed to want to talk about it,
I surmised that somebody from Silver-
dale was concerned in it.”

He had perhaps spoken a trifle more
loudly than he had intended, and there
were a good many of the Silverdale
farmers with a few of their wives and
daughters whose attention was not
wholly confined to the efforts of Mrs.
Macdonald at the piano in the long
room just then. In any case a voice
broke through the silence that follow-
ed the final chords.

“Ferris could tell us if he liked. He
was there that night.”

Ferris, who had cause for doing so,
looked uncomfortable, and endeavored
to sign to the first speaker that it was
not desirable to pursue the topic.

“I have been in tolerably often of
late. Had things to attend to,” he
said.

The other man was, however, pos-
sessed by a mischievous spirit or did
not understand him. “You may just
as well tell us now as later, because
you never kept a secret in your life,”
he said.

In the meantime, several of the oth-
ers had gathered about them, and Mrs.
Macdonald, who had joined the group,
smiled as she said, “There is evidently
something interesting going on. Mayn’t
I know, Gordon?”

“Of course,” said the man who
had visited the settlement. “You shall
know as much as I do, though that is
little, and if it excites your curiosity,
you can ask Ferris for the rest. He
is only anxious to enhance the value
of his story by being mysterious.
Well, there was a more or less 'dra-
matic happening of the kind our
friends in the old country unwarrant-
ably fancy is typical of the west, in
the saloon of the settlement not long
ago. Cards, pistols, a professional
gambler, and the unmasking of foul
play, don’t you know. Somebody from
Silver-dale played the leading role.”

“How interesting!” said a young
English girl.~ “Now, I used to fancy
something of that kind happened here
every day before I came outta the

A

. DEC. 19. 1914.

prairie. Please tell us, Mr. Ferris!)
One would like to find there is just a
trace of reality in our picturesque fan-
cies of debonair desperadoes and big-
hatted cavaliers.”

There was a curious expressiOn in
Ferris’s face, but as
around at the rest, who were regard-
ing him expectantly, he did not ob—
serve that Maud Barrington and her
aunt had just come in and stood close
behind him.

“Can’t you see there’s no getting
out of it, Ferris?” said somebody.

“Well,” said the lad in desperation,
“I can only admit that Gordon is right.
There was foul play and a pistol
drawn, but I’m sorry that I can’t add
anything further. In’ fact, it wouldn’t
be quite fair of me.”

“But the man from Silverdaler’ask-
ed Mrs. Macdonald.

“I’m afraid,” said Ferris, with the
air of one shielding a friend, "I can’t
tell you anything about him.”

“I know Mr. Courthorne drove in
that night," said the young English
girl, who was not endowed with very
much discretion.

“Courthorne,” said one of the by-
standers, and there was a momentary
silence that was very expressive.
“Was he concerned in what took
place, Ferris?”

“Yes,” said the lad with apparent
reluctance. “Mrs. Macdonald, you will
remember that they dragged it out of
me, but I will tell you nothing more
Whatever.”

“It seems to me you have told us
quite sufficient and perhaps a. trifle too
much,” said somebody.

There was a curious silence. All of
those present were more or less ac-
quainted with Courthorne’s past his-
tory, and the suggestion of foul play
coupled with the mention of a profes-
sional gambler had been significant.
Ferris, while committing himself in no
way, had certainly said suflficient.
Then there was a sudden turning of
heads as a young woman moved quiet-
ly into the midst of the group. She
was ominously calm, but she stood
very straight, and there was a little
hard glitter in her eyes, which remind-
ed one or two of the men who notic-
ed it of those of Colonel Barrington.
The fingers of one hand were also
closed at her side.

“I overheard you telling a story,
Ferris, but you have a bad memory
and left rather too much out,” she
said.

“They compelled me to tell them
what I did, Miss Barrington,” said the
lad, who winced beneath her gaze.
“Now there is really nothing to be
gained by going any further into the
affair. Shall I play something for you
Mrs. Macdonald ?”

He turned as he spoke and would
have edged away, but that one of the
men at a glance from the girl laid a
hand on his shoulder.

“Don’t be in a hurry, Ferris. I
fancy Miss Barrington has something
more to tell you,” he said dryly.

The girl thanked him with a ges-
ture. “I want you to supply the most

important part,” she said, and the lad,_

saying nothing, changed color under
the glance she cast upon him. “You
do not seem willing. Then perhaps I
had better do it for you. There were
two men from Silverdale directly con-
cerned in the affair, and one of them
at no slight risk to himself did a very
generous thing. That one was Mr.
Courthorne. Did you see him lay a
single stake upon a card, or do any-
thing that led you to suppose he was
there for the purpose of gambling that
evening?”

“No,” said the lad, seeing she knew
the truth, and his hoarse voice was
scarcely audible. '

“Then,” said Maud Barrington, “I
want you to tell us what you did see
him do.” ‘

Ferris said nothing, and though the
girl laughed a little as she glanced at
the wondering group, her voice Was

he glanced ~

 

 

v

.4".

 


 

 

V

ii,»

V

DEC. 19, 1914.

“Well," she said, “I will tell you. signs of suppressed curiosity about
You saw him question a. professional some of the rest. When he had greet-
gambler’s play to save a man who had ed his hostess he turned to one of the
no "claim on him, from ruin, and, with men.
only one comrade to back him, drive “It seems to me you are either try.
the swindler, who had a pistol, from ing not to see something, Gordon, or
the field. He had, you admit, no in- to forget it as soon as you can.”
tePeSt 013 any kind in the game.” Gordon laughed a little. “You are

Ferris had grown crimson again. and not often mistaken, Courthorne. That
the veins on. his forehead showed is precisely what we are doing. Ipre-
tSWOllen high- “N0.” he said almost sume you haven’t heard what occurred
abjectly. here an hour ago?”

Maud Barrington turned from him “No!” said Winston. “I’m not very
to her hostess as she answered, “That curious if it does not concern me.’
will suffice, in the meanwhile, until I Gordon looked at him steadily, "1
can decide whether it is desirable to fancy it does. You see that young fool
make known the rest of the tale. 1 Ferris was suggesting that you had
brought the new song Evelyn wanted, been mixed up in something not very
Mrs. Macdonald. and I will play it for creditable at the settlement lately. As
her, if she would care to try it.” it happened. Maud Barrington over-

She moved away with the elder heard him and made him retreat be-
lady, and left the rest astonished to fore the company. She did it eiiec-
wonder what had become of Ferris, tively, and if it had been anyone else,
who was seen no more that evening. the scene would have been almost
while presently Winston came in. theatrical. Still, you know nothing

His face was a trifle weary, for he seems out of place when it comes
had toiled since the sun rose above from the Colonel’s niece. Nor if you
the rim of the prairie and when the had heard her would you have wanted
arduous day was over and those who a better advocate.”
worked .for him were glad to rest For a moment the bronze deepened
their aching limbs, had driven two in Winston’s forehead, and there was
leagues to Macdonald’s. Why he had a gleam in his eyes, but though it
done so, he was not willing to admit, passed as rapidly as it came, Gordon
but he glanced around the long room had seen it and smiled when the farm-
anxiously as he came in, and his eyes er moved away.
brightened as they rested on Maud “That’s a probability I never count-
Barrington. They were, however, ob- ed on,” he thought. “Still, I fancy if
servant eyes, and he noticed that it came about, it would suit everybody
there was a trifle more color than us- but the Colonel.”
ual in the girl’s pale-tinted face, and (Continued-next week).

lIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllflll|lllllllllmllllllllllll||Illlll|IIlllllllllfllllllllflflllllllllllllllllHI|lllllllllmlllfll||lllllllmlllllflllllllllllllllIllIllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllfllllll

Old Games to Enlivcn Holiday Evenings.

T is sometimes a difficult matter to be that of any bird except the owl.
provide entertainment for the holi- The catcher then tells a story about
day guests. This is often so in birds and each time one is mentioned
the country. As the guests often re- which represents the name given a
main several days, there is the ques- player, that player must imitate the
tion of providing something for each cry of the bird as best he can. When

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other of the pleasures the holiday sea- chairs and keep them there until some
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and provision must be made for them. catcher says “all the birds,” each one

Acting of a simple character may must give his respective cry. The
interest the children, or charades, player failing to respond to his name
music and recitations will fill up an or to put his hands behind his chair
evening. After these have all been as indicated must take his place as
exhausted, some of the old games, sim- the bird-catcher.
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the fact that all may take part. ing. This will appeal to the staid and

 

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One of the best of these is the cir- quiet guests.
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whispers to his right hand neighbor a cate of the other. One set is shuffled
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has added a word in the order named fun comes in in the saucy questions
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Possible. , considerable amusement to Wind up .
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558—18

A CHRISTMAS EXERCISE.

 

BY MILDRED M. NORTH.

(All).
Sing a song of Christmas.
.Sing it loud and clear,
Sing a song of Christmas,
Best of all the year.

(First child, holding branch of ever-
green). ‘
I am the hemlock
Drest in dark green,
I make the best Christmas tree
That ever was seen.

(Second child, holding branch of
holly).
I am the holly
In bright green and red
Blooming at Christmas
When flowers are dead.

(Third child, holding a large peanut).
I am a peanut

Drest in light yellow
Some people think me

A hard~shelled old fellow.

(Fourth child, holding large stick of
candy).
I am the candy stick
Striped red and white,
Children all like me,
I’m soon “out of sight."

(Fifth child, holding popcorn ball or
string).
I am the popcorn
My dress is like snow,
I find good friends
Wherever I go.

(Sixth child, holding a big black
stocking).
I’m a big stocking
In neat dress of black
That Santa Claus fills
When he comes with his pack.

(All).
We are the children
Who are waiting tonight
To look at their stockings
As soon as it’s light.

A NOVEL CHRISTMAS TREE.

 

BY w. B. STODDARD.
Occasionally, if only for a change,
one would like a substitute for the
conventional Christmas tree of spruce
or hemlock. Especially is this true
when there are no small children—
who, more conservative than their eld-
ers, will brook no change in what, to
their small minds, is connected insep-
arably with the day. For those, then,
who desire a charming novelty, a plum
tree in full blossom is suggested. Such
a one, exhibited in the windows of a
Broadway store recently, evoked ex-
clamations of delight from all.

A stockily built bare branch, set up-
right in a tub covered with green
crepe paper, was converted into a
thing of beauty by being covered with
hundreds of small artificial plum blos-
soms. These can be purchased at a
small cost from any dealer in artificial
flowers, or manufactured for almost
nothing from paper. From the top
most boughs two life-like monkeys—~—
the latest successor to the Teddy bear
in childish favor—disported them.
selves. Owing to the more horizontal
branches of the deciduous tree, gifts
may the more readily be placed on
them, particularly scarfs, veils, and
various articles of dress accessories.
Little swings can be attached to the
lower branches in which are seated
dolls, Teddy bears, or monkeys. Ow-
ing to the clusters of blossoms with
which the tree is covered no other
decorations are necessary. Of course,
any other flower could be selected—-
apple, peach or cherry, but owing to
the plum blossoms being white it
blends and harmonizes more readily
with gifts of various hues that would
that of any tinted flower.

SANTA CLAUS AND LITTLE
BILLEE.

 

(Continued from page 555).
frankly; “but I know the number of
our ortymobile. It’s—‘N. Y.’ ”

“Fine!” laughed Santa Claus. “If
you really were lost, it would be a
great help to know that; but not be-
ing lost, as you ain’t, why, of course,
we can get along without it. It’s
queer you don’t know your last name,

. though.”

“I do, too, know my last name!”

 

TH E‘ MICHIGAN FARMER.

blurted Little Billee. “It's Billee.
That’s the last one they gave me,any-
how.”

Santa Claus reflected for a. moment.
eyeing the child anxiously.

“I don’t believe you even know your
papa’s name,” he said.

“Yes, I do,” said Little Billee, in-
dignantly. “His name is Mr. Har-
rison.”

“Well, you are a smart little chap,”
cried Santa Claus gleefully. “You got
it right the very first time, didn’t you?
I really didn’ think you knew. But I
don’t believe you know where your
papa keeps his bake-shop, where he
makes all those nice cakes and cook-
ies you eat.”

Billee began to laugh.

“You can’t fool me, Mr. Santa.
Claus,” he said. “I know my papa
don’t keep a bake-shop just as well as
you do. My papa owns a bank.”

“Splendid! Made of tin, I suppose,
with a nice little hole at the top to
drop pennies into ?” said Santa Claus.

“No, it ain’t either!” retorted Little
Billee. “It’s made of stone, and has
more than a million windows in it. I
went down there with my mama to
papa’s office the other day, so I guess
I ought to know.”

“Well, I should say so,” said Santa
Claus. “Nobody better. By the way,
Billee, what does your mama call your
papa? ‘Billee,’ like you?” he added.

“Oh, no, indeed,” returned Little
Billee. “She calls him ‘papa,’ except
once in a while when he’s going away,
and then she says, ‘Good-by, Tom.’ ”

“Fine again!” said Canta Claus,
blowing upon his fingers, for, now
that the sun had completely disap-
peared over in the west, it was get-
ting very cold. “Thomas Harrison,
banker,” he muttered to himself.
“What, with the telephone-book and
the city directory, I guess we can find
our way home with Little Billee.”

“Do you think we can go now, Mr.
Santa Claus?” asked Little Billee, for
the cold was beginning to cut through
his little coat, and the sandman had
started to scatter the sleepy-seeds all
around.

“Yes, sirree!” returned Santa Claus
promptly. “Right away off now in-
stantly at once! I’m afraid I can’t get
my reindeer here in time to take us
up to the house, but we can go in the

cars—hum! I don’t know whether we —

can or not, come to think of it. Ah,
do you happen to have ten cents in
your pocket?” Santa Claus added with
an embarrassed air. “You see, I’ve
left my pocketbook in the sleigh with
my toy-pack; and besides, mine is
only toy-money, and they won’t take
that on the cars.”

“I got twenty-fi’ cents,” said Little
Billee proudly, as he dug his way
down into his pocket and brought the
shining silver piece to light. “You can
have it if you want it.”

“Thank you,” said Santa Claus,
taking the proffered coin. “We’ll
start home right away; only come in
here first while I telephone to Santa-
ville, telling the folks where I am.”

He led the little fellow into a pub-
lic telephone station, where he eager-
ly scanned the names in the book. At
last it was found—“Thomas Harrison,
7654 Plaza.” And then, in the seclu-
sion of the telephone-booth, Santa
Claus sent the gladdest' of all Christ-
mas messages over the wire to two
distracted parents: ,

“I have found your boy wandering
in the street. He is safe, and I will
bring him home right away.”

Fifteen minutes later there might
have been seen the strange spectacle
of a foot-sore Santa Claus leading a.
sleepy little boy up Fifth Avenue to a.
cross-street, which shall be nameless.
The boy vainly endeavored to per-
suade his companion to “come in and
meet mama.”

“No, Billee,” the old manAreplied
sadly, “I must hurry back. You see,
kiddie, this is my busy day. Besides,
I never go into a house except through

the chimney. I wouldn’t know how to
behave, going in at a front door.”

But it was not to be as Santa Claus
willed, for Little Billee’s papa, and his
mama, and his brothers and sisters,
and the butler and the housemaids,
and two or three policemen, were
waiting at the front door when they
arrived.

“Aha!” said one of the police, seiz-
ing_ Santa Claus roughly by the arm.
“We’ve landed you, all right! Where
have you been with this boy?”

“You let him alone!” cried Little
Billee, with more courage than he had
ever expected to show in the presence
of a policeman. “He’s a friend of
mine.”

“That’s right, officer,” said Little
Billee’s father; “let him alone—4
haven’t entered any complaint against
this man.” -

“But you went to look out for
these fellers, Mr. Harrison,” returned
the officer. “First thing you know
they’ll be makin’ a trade of this sort
of thing.”

“I’m no grafter!” retorted Santa
Claus indignantly. “I found the little
chap wandering along the street, and
as soon as I was able to locate where
he lived I brought him home. That’s
all there is to it.”

“He knew where I lived all along,”
laughed Little Billee, “only he pre-
tended he didn’t, just to see if I
knew.”

“You see, sir,” said the officer, “it
won’t do him any harm to let him
cool his heels—”

“It is far better that he should
warm them, officer,” said Mr. Harri-
son kindly. “And he can do that here.
Come in, my man,” he added, turning
to Santa Claus with a grateful smile.
“Just for a minute anyhow. Mrs.
Harrison will wish to thank you for
bringing our boy back to us. We have
had a terrible afternoon.” '

“That’s all right, sir,” said Santa
Claus modestly. “It wasn’t anything,
sir. I didn’t really find him—-it was
him as found me, sir. He took me for
the real thing, I guess.”

Nevertheless, Santa Claus, led by
Little Billee’s persistent father, went
into the house. Now that the boy
could see him in the full glare of
many electric lights, his furs did not
seem the most gorgeous things in the
world. When the flapping front of
his red jacket flew open the child was
surprised to see how ragged was the
thin gray coat it covered; and as for
the good old saint’s comfortable stom-
ach—strange to say, it was not!

“I——I wish you all a merry Christ-
mas,” faltered Santa Claus; “but I
really must be going, sir——-”

“Nonsense!” cried Mr. Harrison.
“Not until you have got rid of this
chill, and—”

“I can’t stay, sir,” said Santa. “I’ll
lose my job if I do.”

“Well, what if you do? I’ll give you
a better one,” said the banker.

“I can’t—I can’t!” faltered the man.
“I——I———I’ve got a Little Billee of my
own at home waitin’ for me, sir. If I
hadn’t,” he added fiercely, “do you
suppose I’d be doin’ this?” He point-
ed at the painted boards and shudder-
ed. “It’s him as has kept me from—
from the river!” he muttered hoarse-
ly; and then this dispenser of happi-
ness to so many millions of people all
the world over sank into a chair, and,
covering his face with his hands, wept
like a child.

“I guess Santa Claus is tired,
papa,” said Little Billee, snuggling up
closely to the old fellow and taking
hold of his hand sympathetically.
“He’s been walkin’ a lot today.”

“Yes, my son,” said Mr. Harrison
gravely. “These are very busy times
for Santa Claus, and I guess that, as
he still has a hard night ahead of him,
James had better ring up Henry and
tell him to bring the car around right
away, so that we may take him back
——to his little boy. We’ll have to lend
him a fur coat to keep the wind off,
too, for it is a bitter night.”

“Oh,” said Little Billee, “I haven’t
told you about these boards he wears.
He has ’em to keep the wind off, and
they’re fine, papa!" Little Billee
pointed to the two sign-boards which
Santa Claus had leaned against the
wall. “He says he uses ’em on cold
nights,” the lad went on. “They have
writing on ’em, too. Do you know
what it says?”

“Yes,” said Mr. Harrison, glancing
at the boards. “It says ‘If You Want
a Good Christmas Dinner for a Quar-
ter, Go to Smithers’s Cafe.’ ”

Little Blliee roared with laughter.

“Papa’s trying to fool me, just as
you did when you pretended not to
know where I lived, Santa Claus.” he
said, looking up into the old 'fellow’s
face, his own countenance brimming
over with mirth. “You mustn’t think
he can’t read. though." the lad added
hastily. “He’s only joking.” »

“Oh, no, indeed, I shouldn’t have

13350.19. 1914. . - .

thought thatl”. replied. Santa Claus,
smiling. through his tears. . .

"I’ve‘ been joking, have I?” .said Lit-
tlee Billee’s papa. “Well; then Mr.
Billiam, suppose you inform me.” ~

“Merry Christmas to Everybody,”
said Little Billee proudly. “I couldn’t
read it myself, but he told me what it
said. He has it printed there so that
if he misses saying it to anybody
they’ll know he means it just the
same.”

“By Jove, Mr. Santa Claus,” cried
Little Billee’s papa, grasping the old
man warmly by the hand, “I owe you
ten million apologies! I haven’t be-
lieved in you for many a long year;
but now, sir, I take it all back. You
do exist, and, by the great horn
spoon, you are the real thing!”

Little Billee had the satisfaction of
acting as host to Santa Claus at a
good, luscious, dinner, which Santa
Claus must have enjoyed very much,
because, when explaining why he was
so hungry, it came out that the poor
old chap had been so busy all day
that he had not had time to get any
lunch—no, not even one of those good
dinners at Smither’s cafe, to which
Little Billee’s father had jokingly re-
ferred. And after dinner Henry came
with the automobile, and bidding ev-
erybody 'good-night, Santa Claus and
Little Billee’s papa went out of the
house together.

Christmas morning dawned, and Lit-
tle Billee awoke from wonderful
dreams of rich gifts, and of extraor-
dinary adventures with his new-found
friend, to find the reality quite as
splendid as the dream things. Later,
what was his delight when a small
boy, not much older than himself—a
pale, thin, but playful little fellow——
arrived at the house to spend the day
With him, bringing with him a letter
from Santa Claus himself! This was
what the letter said:

“Dear Little Billee:

“You must not tell anybody except
your papa and your mama, but the lit-
tle boy who brings you this letter is
my little boy, and I am going to let
you. have him for a playfellow for
Christmas Day. Treat him kindly for
his papa’s sake, and if you think his
papa is worth loving tell him so. Do
not forget me, Little Billee. I shall
see you often in the future, but I
doubt if you will see me. I am not
g01ng to return to Twenty-third street
again, but shall continue my work in
the Land of Yule, in the Palace of
Good-Will, whose beautiful windows
look out upon the homes of all good
children.

“Good-by, Little Billee, and the hap-
piest of happy Christmases to you and
all of yours. Affectionately,

“Santa Claus.”

When Little Billee’s mama read this
to him that Christmas morning a stray
little tear ran down her cheek and fell
upon Little Billee's hand.

“Why, what are you crying for, ma.-
ma?” he asked.

“With happiness, my dear little
son,” his mother answered. “I was
afraid yesterday that I might have
lost my little boy forever, but now—”

“You have an extra one thrown in
for Christmas, haven’t you?” said
Little Billee, taking his new playmate
by the hand. The visitor smiled back
at him with a smile so sweet that any-
body might have guessed that he was
the son of Santa Claus.

As for the latter, Little Billee has
not seen him again, but down at his
father’s bank there is a new messen-
ger, named John, who has a voice so
like Santa Claus’s voice that when-
ever Little Billee goes down there in
the motor to ride home at night with
his papa, he runs into the bank and
has a long talk with him, just for the
pleasure of pretending that it is Santa
Claus he is talking to. Indeed, the
voice is so like that once a sudden
and strange idea flashed across Little
Billee’s mind.

“Have you ever been on Twenty-
third street, John?” he asked.

“Twenty-third street?” replied the
messenger scratching his head as if
very much puzzled. “What’s that?”

.“Why, it’s a street,” said Little
Billee rather vaguely.

“Well, to tell you the truth, Billee,”
said John, “I’ve heard tell of Twenty-
third street, and they say it is a very
beautiful and interesting spot. But,
you know, I don’t get much chance to
travel. .I’ve been too busy all my life
to go abroad.” '

“Abroad!” roared Little Billee, grin-
ning at John’s utterly absurd mistake.
“Why, Twenty-third street ain’t
abroad! It’s up-town—near—eh, near
—Twenty-second street.”

“Really?” returned John, evidently
tremendously surprised. “Well, well,
well! Who’d have thought that? Well,
if that’s the case,,some time when I
get a Week off I’ll‘have to go and
spend my vacation there!”

From which Little Billeeconcluded
that his suspicionfithat John might be,
Santa Claus in disguise was entirely
without foundation intact.

Copyright, The Frank A. Munsey Co.

 

 

.4].

 

 


 

vita

or

 

THE .MICHIGAN'FARM'ER

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

At Home and Elsewfi ere

 

 

 

 

 

34% n

 

 

 

 

 

Christmas

 

 

BY
GILBERTE HOLT,

Symbols.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

02/].

 

HRISTMAS in its outer manifes-
tation belong essentially to chil-
dren and the child-hearted. To

be joyous, unrestrainedly so, is recog-
nized as the prerogative of childhood,
and so every land upon the globe joins
hands in making glad the children at
Xmas time.

To the little people the preparations
and decorations which lend delightful
glamour to this season of the year, all
focus upon the visit of Santa Claus
and the Xmas tree. In the eyes of
childhood, be it of years or spirit, the
tinsel splendors of the Xmas tree, the
Yule-tide greens, the feastings and
merry-makings, are all accepted at
their face value.

But each and every ornament upon
the tree, as well as all the Xmas cus-
toms have a far richer, deeper signifi-
cance than is caught in a cursory sur-
vey. Even Santa Claus, the jovial
saint of childhood, the giver of mate-
rial gifts, is but a symbol of the giver
of all good. Like other symbols, this
one has been dwarfed and distorted
by time, until it is hard to trace its
meaning, but myths and legends of
various nations make it possible to
do so.

Yuletide ceremonials are of such an-
cient date that the nearest approach
to stating the time. and place of their
beginning is to use the fairy-tale form-
ula and say “a long, long, long time
ago they began in the land that lies
back of beyond.”

The 2000 years which have elapsed
since the birth of the Christ, have
been filled with music, art and litera-
ture which have been so dominated by
the Christ thought of gentleness and
good Will that most people are prone
to think that Xmas, with all its mys-
tery and symbolism began at His
birth; but the Xmas time festival was
old, when the Nazarene came to renew
it and add fresh meaning to its cele-
bration. The annual Yuletide festival
which was held at the winter solstice
(the time when the sun turned and
began what was termed his return
journey), has been celebrated for so
many ages that its inauguration is
lost in the myths and folk-lore of an-
tiquity.

The word “Yule” is from the old
Scandanivian word ,meaning “wheel.”
In this connection it is thought to
have reference to the turning or
wheeling of the chariot of the Sun
God, Baldur, the Beautiful The Sun

'\
1

God having passed through the vari-
ous signs of the Zodiac, about the
third week in the month, now called
December, turned toward spring, the
dawning of new life. Ancient people,
like those of modern times, welcomed
a new start, a fresh beginning. At the
same season, about December 19 to 22,
that the northern races were worship-
ping Baldur, in the southern part of
the then known world, there was be-
ing held the Roman Saturnalia in hon-
or of the god Saturn, the father'of all
gods.

The holly was dedicated to Saturn
and is an emblem of goodwill. All the
Roman shops were made beautiful
with it and other seasonable greens,
much in the same‘manner in which
they are used today. Other nations
also employed evergreens at this sea-
son, they being regarded as prophetic
of the return of life in vegetation.

Long ago, the same as now, when
the heart rejoices, it called to other
hearts to share its joy, and overflow-
ed in a spirit of universal fellowship.
In olden times the ancients exchang-
ed gifts as tokens of affection at this
season, even as we do now.

The early Christians in Rome ad-
ded the secular to the religious ob-
servance of Xmas, to outdo the Greeks
and Romans in their pagan celebra-
tion. But back even behind these
ceremonials was a still earlier relig-

ious observance which belonged to

this season. In this early worship the
tree played an important part. Among
every people of antiquity forest wor-
ship was universal. As James Lane
Allen says, “At the dawn of history
began the adoration of the tree. Ev-
ery race was tethered to some ances-
tral tree.” In some countries of the
old world today we still find traces of
this early faith, as in some parts of
Germany, Switzerland, Russia and
Roumania and northern Italy when-
ever a child is born a tree is planted
for it as its guardian in nature. Thus
protected the parents who have plant-
ed the tree, feel that the spirit of na-
ture. within the tree will guide and
guard the child. if he will appeal to
this guidance for help.

The forest dweller was naturally a
tree worshiper. Did it not reach near-
er to heaven than aught else of which
he knew? So he held it sacred and
offered it gifts and homage. His god
dwelt in the tree and it thus became
a shrine.

The oak was the tree most widely
revered. To the Druids, the oak or
the god within it, was the Supreme
Giver; the mistletoe growing from the
oak branches and drawing its suste-
nance from them, typified man and
thus symbolized the idea of man’s de-
pendence upon God. The tree was
not only the shrine wherein God dwelt
but also an altar before which man
worshipped. Therefore it was but
natural that he should bring and hang
upon the tree his gifts, his free-will
offerings and his sacrifices to his god.
At first these gifts were made through
the pure love of giving, an out-pour
ing of gratitude; then they became
propitiatory offerings, later still sac-
rifices for atonement, and finally men
hung gifts upon the trees, scarce
knowing why they did so.

The oak was the Yuletide tree until
the eighth century, when Winfred and
Prince Gregor of Germany substituted
the fir-tree. Tradition tells that pre-
vious to this time the oak had been
an evergreen, but now its leaves had
withered and fallen. The Druid priests
believed that Thor, the god of the oak,
was thus showing his displeasure and
that nothing less than the sacrifice of
a human being would turn aside the
god’s wrath. They believed that hu-
man blood spilled at the roots of the
tree would bring new life to it. Thus
appeased Thor would renew the oak
leaves without their falling. Winfred,
filled with a more gentle doctrine
(learned from the teachings of the
Nazarene), through his eloquence was
enabled to prevent the sacrifice and
make the substitution of the fir-tre‘e.

As Germany gave us the real Xmas
tree, from this land also came the
good St. Nicholas, sometimes identi-
fied with Kris Kringle, Legend, how-
ever, has it that St. Nicholas was a
real personage who through a large

compassion for neglected children be-.

came after his death a regularly can-
onized saint, while Kriss Kringle is
merely a symbol with varying attrib-
utes, colored by the locality in which
he happens to appear.

Each nation has its individual char-
acteristics and colors its Xmas cele-
bration with a national tint. Each
country has a Xmas Saint who visits
the children and brings them gifts.
Sometimes this saint is a. mere myth,
like Kris Kringle, again a benevolent
person whose life history is .so en-
shrouded in mystery that it is difficult
to disentangle fact from fiction.

In many lands, as in America, he
comes with the jingle of hell and the
pawing of tiny reindeer hoofs, pops
down the chimney and fills the wait-
ing stockings.

In Belgium, however, he rides a
pony and the children there place
their wooden shoes upon the window
sill filled with cats and hay for the
refreshment of the welcome visitor’s
steed.

Generally this jolly personage is of
masculine gender, but in Russia and
in some parts of Italy, notably Rome,
the Xmas spirit is feminine.

In Russia it is Babuska seeking the
Christ Child with a basket of toys on
her arm, who brings presents to the
small subjects of the Czar. The story
runs that the three wise men from the
East in following the star came to
Babuska’s cottage and invited her to
accompany them, but she said it was
too cold and late for so old a woman
as she to leave her comfortable fire-
sideand urged the men to partake of

her humble hospitality until morning.
But they declined, saying they must
hasten to bear their gifts to the child
whom they were seeking. It seems
that Babuska rather questioned the
appropriateness of their gifts for a.
baby and said she would start in the
morning with a basket of things a
child would wish. But unfortunately
she forgot to inquire the direction and
when morning came she could not find
the star. So each Xmas Eve she takes
her basket and renews the search, go«
ing wherever a child lives and inquir<
ing if it be the Christ Child; but when
she is told he is not there, she leaves
a gift in His name and continues her
never—ending quest.

In Italy it is Befana who brings
Xmas presents to the little Italians in
a pack on her back.

All the Xmas saints are surrounded
with mystery only to be seen and
known through inner vision, save in
America. Here commercialism has
over-ridden sentimental considerations
and we are forced to let our children
receivethe rude shock of having a
delightful mystery made. into a com-
monplace. Santa Claus in the role of
an animated advertisement walks our
streets and promises gifts which nev‘
er materialize. No wonder the Amer—
ican child questions the reality of the
good saint, when he does not keep
his word, and worse still, duplicates
himself many times throughout our
business district.

The whole wide world keeps Xmas
with feastings and merry-makings. In
staid old England the fun is most
boisterous. From earliest times this
season was the occasion for eating
and drinking, Such quantities of food
as the early Britons could consume!
It is almost beyond belief. Their was-
sail cup has been celebrated so long
in song and story as to need but
mention.

In the southern part of our own
country the punchbowl, twined with
ground pine and mistletoe, is a time-
honored institution. Probably this is
but a modification of the cup of good
cheer brought from England by the
early settlers along the James River.

As the children of today are pleas-
ed with the symbols of life, so also,
were the children of the race. But as
the race grew older it developed an
appreciation for more than mere ex-
ternals, and looked behind the symbol
to find that for which it stood.

The Xmas tree of modern times as
it stands laden with all its array of
tinsel and seeming tawdry finery, is
in reality the open scroll upon which
each ornament tells a story of a be-
lief and a people who had faith in it.
The tree itself we must remember, is
the altar, of the god of our forest-
dwelling forebears, and high at the top
we find the star.

This emblem, the star, is commonly
supposed to belong exclusively to the
Christian era and to be used as a pro-
totype of the one which guided the
magi to Bethlehem. But ancient Chal~
dean records 4,000 or 5,000 years be-
fore the birth of Christ, tell of the ap-
pearance periodically of a “wonder-
ously fair bright star, the emblem of
peace, goodness and purity.” Back in
the very beginning of things the for-
est man had looked up to the heavens
and beheld the silent stars keeping
watch above their sacred trees and
thus the two became indissolubly as-
sociated. When man began to make

(Continued on page 561).

 


 

560-20 -
Christmas, 1914.

LMOST two thousand years ago,
Christmas was ushered in by
angels singing, “Peace on earth,

good will to men.” Two thousand
years has man spent in struggling ups
ward towards the ideal thus proclaim-
ed, and some in the past decade have
believed that universal peace was here
to stay. But Christmas, 1914, promis-
es to find us farther from the ideal
than ever before. Half the civilized
world is at war, and the Christmas
peace song has given place to the
thunder of cannon.

Christmas, 1914, will be remembered
by most of us, not as a day of merri-
ment and jollity, but as the Christmas
when hearts the whole world round
were saddened either by actual war
with its attendants, sickness, poverty
and death, or by the knowledge that
on the other side of the world our
brothers’ lives and homes were being
sacrificed, not for right, but for greed.

In America’s country homes peace
and plenty are the rule. There is
more than the usual reason for rejoic-
ing this Christmas, if we look not be-
yond our own doors. Nature smiled
on America this year, and abundant
crops has been the rule.

But while the farmers of the coun-
try have a-plenty, things have not
been going so well with their next-
door neighbors of the town. So near
has Europe been brought to us by
steamships and cables that there can
be no upheaval over there which is
not felt immediately in our business
world. In town and city everyone you
meet has a story to tell of how the
war 3,000 miles away has hurt busi-
ness here. Wholesale clothing hous-
es cannot dispose of their output be-
cause thousands of men and women
have not the money to buy new suits
and thousands more are thriftily de-
ciding to make old garments do, and
keep their money against a possible
lay-off. Everyone, from merchant to
laborer, has felt the iron hand of war.

To be sure, the stores are stocked
up with Christmas goods and toys, but
you see few buying a. thing unless it
is something of necessity. Small boys
are raving over engines and small
girls over dolls, but father and mother
are not growing enthusiastic. Instead,
they are pondering on what may hap-
pen after New Years, and keeping a
tight clutch on their purse strings
while in the toy department.

Even the well-to-do, who are not
bothered about tomorrow’s money
problem, are not giving recklessly. In-
stead of planning on expensive gifts
for people who do not need them, they
are sending food and clothes to the
impoverished Belgians, old linen, med-
icated cotton and medical supplies to
hospitals, woolen mittens, socks and
underclothes to the soldiers at the
front, and coal and blankets to the
poor at home. Many an American
woman has decided that her old mink
furs will do very well for another win-
ter, and the money she was going to
persuade her husband to spend for a
pointed fox set will be spent instead
on someone who is in want. ‘

Christmas, 1914, promises to be a
day of mourning for many, but the Am-
erican people are resolved to lighten
that mourning for as many as their
money and forethought can reach. In
the cities, you have only to step out-
side your doors to find someone who
needs you. In the country the search
would carry you farther.

If you can not find anyone who
needs you in your neighborhood, help
your brother in the city. In case it is
the suffering European soldier you
wish to help, write the consul of, the
country you wish to aid, be it Bel-
gium, Germany, England or France,
and send the letter to your nearest
large city. He will tell you what his
people need most and where and how
to send your offering.

Christmas, 1914, will be a peculiar

THEMICHJGAN FARMER

day, but for most of us it will be a
peculiarly happy one. Instead of ,the
dissatisfied feeling of a day selfishly
spent in receiving, and in overeating,
we will have the consciousness of hav-
ing done our small part to relieve the
universal suffering. DEBORAH.

 

THE YULETIDE FEAST.

 

BY M'Bs. JEFF. DAVIS.

As Christmas approaches, the house-
wife begins to think of the best way
to fittingly celebrate this day of all
the year. Whatever are the plans
made let them be simple rather than
elaborate, if in the latter one goes be-
yond strength and purse. Let us not
forget that the first requisite in
Christmas planning should be to keep
the spirit in our hearts, bearing in
mind that it is more blessed to give
than to receive.

In serving the Christmas dinner
simply and well, one need not adhere
strictly to the old-time foods that have
made their appearance on the Ameri-
can board since the time of the Pil-
grim fathers, but let the innovations
be simple elegance rather than elabor-
ateness.

The table should have a simple dec-
oration, and red is the best color for
the holidays. An effective center-
piece is secured by filling a chopping
bowl with choice fruit and using hol-
ly, or other evergreen to wreath it. If
no other fruit but red apples are to
be had, these make an attractive cen-
terpiece when heaped into a pretty
basket or dish. A wreath of holly, or
any evergreen vine can finish the base.

Most families adhere to the time-
honored turkey as the principal meat
dish, and this can net be improved
upon. .2 When other meat is required
besides the bird, a baked ham will go
nicely. Or an oyster pie or a chicken
pie can replace this if preferred. One
vegetable besides the potato is suffi-
cient. Cranberries or some sort of
jelly must be served with the meat
course, and apples in some form.

Plum pudding is the standard des-
sert for Christmas, but many prefer
American spice puddings.

A wise housewife will not serve ice
cream, if this is on her menu, at the
close of dinner, but will serve it later
in the day with the Christmas cake.
After eating a hearty dinner ending
with a pudding or other dessert, very
few people can ever enjoy the cream
and cake, no matter how delicious
these may be, but later in the day full
justice can be done to them. A loaf
cake iced with plain white icing, and
bearing the word “Christmas” done in
red icing is very appropriate and at-
tractive.

As much preparation as possible of
the dinner should be done before the
festive day. The pudding can be cook-
ed several days in advance and re-
steamed. The ice cream can be cook-
ed two days before and frozen the
next day, for by keeping it packed in
ice and salt it will be all the better
for this long ripening.

The following menus are appended
merely as a guide to the young house-
wife. They need not be carried out
in their entirety, but such dishes as
appeal to the individual taste may be
selected from each.

Oyster Milk Stew
Roast Turkey
Candied Yams

Apple Salad
Spice Pudding
Coffee

Crackers
Cranberry Jelly
Escalloped Onions
Cheese Straws
Sterling Sauce

Fruit Nuts

 

Cream of Tomato Soup.
Toasted Crackers
Pickles Olives
Salted Pecans
Roast Goose Potato Stufling
Apple Sauce
Duchess Potatoes
Cream of Lima Beans

Celery

 

White Fruit Pudding Egg Sauce
Ice Cream Christmas Cake
Coffee
Cream of Pea Soup Croutons

Celery ’ Pickles. '> Salted Almonds

Roast Turkey Baked Ham
Currant Jelly Apple Sauce
Mashed Potatoes Squash

Fruit Salad Cheese Straws
Christmas Fruit Pudding
Sterling Sauce
Ice Cream Fruit Cake
Coffee
Christmas Recipes.
Spice Pudding.

Melt one-half cupful of butter and
add to it one cupful each of New Or-
leans molasses and sweet milk; now
beat in three cupfuls of flour in which
sift two teaspoonfuls of baking powder
and one-half teaspoonful each of pul-
verized cloves, cinnamon, mace and'
nutmeg, one-half cupful sour cherry
juice or currant jelly; blend all to-
gether and pour into a greased mold,
filling two-thirds full. Cover and
steam two hours. Serve with any
preferred sauce.

Fruit Salad.

Cut fresh or canned pineapple in
one-quarter pinch slices, remove hard
centers, if fresh, sprinkle with pow-
dered sugar, set aside one hour in a
cool place; drain, spread on serving
dish, arranged in alternate layers with
sliced bananas, and sliced oranges,
sprinkling each layer with powdered
sugar. 1 Pour over syrup drained from
pineapple.

, Vanilla ice Cream.

Two cups scalded milk, one egg, one
tablespoon flour, pinch of salt, one
cup sugar, one quart thin cream, two
tablespoons vanilla. Mix flour, sugar,

and salt, add egg slightly beaten, and .

milk gradually; cook over hot water
for 20 minutes, stirring constantly at
first; should custard have curdled ap-
pearance, it will disappear in freez—
ing. When cool add cream and flavor-
ing; strain and freeze.

Sterling Sauce.

Cream one-half cup of butter, grad-
ually add one cup of sifted brown
sugar, and cream until light; add
three tablespoons of thick cream;
when ready to serve heat in double
boiler; add brandy or vanilla to taste,
and beat until light and foamy.

Boiled Ham.

Select one well rounded but not too
fat. Wash thoroughly in tepid water
and scrub and scrape clean. Soak ov-
er night in tepid water to which
enough New Orleans molasses has
been added to give a decided flavor.
In the morning cover the ham with
clear, cold water, bring slowly to the
boiling point, then simmer from eight
to ten hours, according to the size of
the ham. If one he possessed of a
fireless cooker so much the better, for
then the ham needs no looking after
whatever. When done let the ham
stand in the liquor in which it was
cooked, until quite cold. Take out,
skin, trim neatly, glaze with currant
jelly softened by heating, and stand
30 minutes in a steady oven.

Baked‘ Goose.

Select a young goose, draw it, and
wipe carefully inside and out. Boil
three good-sized potatoes; when done
mash them, add to them an equal
quantity of soft breadcrumbs, half a
can of mushrooms chopped fine, a tea-
spoonful of onion juice, a saltspoonful
of celery seed, or a half cupful of
chopped celery, and a rounding tea-
spoonful of salt; mix, stuff into the
goose, sew up the vent, put the goose
in shape, stand it in a baking pan and
pour in the bottom of the pan a pint
of strained tomatoes; add a teaspoon-'
ful of salt and a tablespoonful of
chopped onion. Bake in a quick oven
until the goose is thoroughly browned.
Cool the oven, and bake slowly for
one hour and a half, basting frequent-
ly. When done there should be suffi-
cient sauce in the bottom of the pan
to measure half a pint, which strain
into a gravy-boat.

_ V Roast Turkey.

Two or three days after the turkey
has beenyhung,.wipe it on the outside
with a damp cloth, and carefully wipe'
the inside. Rub the entire‘surface

i

DEC. 19, 1914.
With salt,’""and spread breast, legs and
wings with one-third cup of butter,
rubbed until~ creamy and mixed with
one-fourth cup of flour, after turkey
has been stuffed and trussed.- Dredge
bottom of pan with flour. Place in a.
hot oven, and 'when flour on turkey
begins to brown, reduce heat, and
baste every 15 minutes until turkey is
cooked, which /will require about
three hours for a ten-pound turkey.
For basting use one-half cup butter
melted in one-half cup boiling water
and after this is used baste with fat
in pan. Pour water in pan during the
cooking as needed to prevent flour
from burning. Remove string and
skewers before serving. Garnish with
parsley, or celery tips, or curled cel-
ery and rings and discs of carrots
strung on fine wire.

 

CHRISTMAS FLOWERS AS GIFTS.

 

BY ADDIE FARRAR.

When in doubt as to what gift to
give a friend, why not choose a grow-
ing plant, a fragrant reminder of the
affection you hear her? The desira-
bility of plants as Christmas gifts is
no longer questioned and particularly
for those who have a garden or a
porch in the summer and a big living.
room in the winter. Individual taste,
with a few hints from the florist, will
make the selection an easy one and
nawadays there is a good variety of
winter plants to pick from, plants pre-
eminent in their acceptability at the
Yuletide.

Christmas plants must be chosen
wisely, and for friends who have a.

limited space one must choose with”

regard to the flowers that will; grow
under the existing circumstances. In
a greenhouse the heat, light and hu-
midity can be regulated, in the aver-
age living-room it cannot. Therefore,
it is foolish to buy perishable varieties
that will hardly live a week.

Of course, the most popular of all
plants today, for Christmas, is the
Poinsetta, sometimes called the Christ
mas rose. Its native home is along
the northern borders of Mexico and it
was first brought to this country by
Dr. Joel Robert Poinsett, ambassador
to Mexico in 1825, and later its bril-
liant scarlet blossoms attracted the
attention of florists, who soon began
to grow it exclusively for the Christ-
mas trade, its beauty soon making it
popular. In greenhouses the poinsetta
is easy of cultivation and its bright
blossoms, which, correctly speaking,
are not blossoms, but clusters of
leaves, remain in bloom for many
weeks. The plants grow in good sandy
soil and need a warm atmosphere, but
unless one watches constantly and
takes much care of the plant it does
not thrive any too well in the hot,
dry atmosphere of steam-heated liv-
ing-rooms. The blooms cease in Feb-
ruary and the plant should then be
dried off and turned upside down and
placed in a warm place to wait until
summer planting time.

Charming red berried plants that
keep their color all the year around,
and therefore make pretty gifts, are
the new Jerusaleum cherry and the
ardisia crenulata, and a plant a foot
high can be had for 50 and 75 cents.
The former can be grown into a large
and showy plant and well repays cul-
tivation.

The ardissen is a beautiful plant,
grown for the holiday trade, and is
not common. It takes several years
to bring it to suitable size as it is a
slow grower. The foliage resembles
our mountain laurel, but the arrange-
ment of the leaves is much more beau-
tiful. The well grown plant resem-
bles a small tree and when 'it is a foot
or a foot and a half high, it bears red
berries in clusters, in shape and size
like holly berries. These berries re‘
main hanging on the tree for a long
time. Thejplant islpleasing for decor-

ation, either for the? center of the ta-'

ble or for 'a corner‘of the living-room.
Then there is the ancuba japomca,

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

H 3'! I

DEC»; 19, {1914.

whose red and yellow foliage and
crimson berries are highly decorative
in the hall, living-room or library.
For one that is not expensive and
can be grown in the window garden
all winter, and later in the yard, there
is the cyclamen with its rose, purple,
red or white blossoms and rich foli-
age. A small plant in bloom may be
had for 50 cents, and others for $1.50.

Other profuse bloomers through the
winter are the Lorraine begonia,with
their delicate pink flowers almost
smothered in the graceful bushiness.
These plants are especially adapted to
window boxes and living-rooms, and
by proper care and repotting in the
spring may be made to blossom for
several years. They cost from 50
cents to $1.50 a pot.

For 50 cents one may get a pretty
fancy fern dish filled with tender
young ferns, just the thing for the
dining-room table. Large ones sell
from 75 cents up to $5.00. Then there
is a pretty combination of double red
geraniums and ptyerus ferns, planted
in low flower pots the shape and size
of the ordinary fernery. The geran-
iums are in the center, the ferns set
around them.

While the genista is a good Christ-
mas plant, with its yellow flowers,
still the bloom does not last long.
Still, it is so beautiful, even in its
fleeting loveliness that it makes a
welcome gift. A medium-sized one
can be had for 50 cents; others at
$1.00 and $2.00.

Rubber trees make good presents
and the suburbanqhousewife, with her
big living-room and big summer porch
likes them because of their decorative
effect in summer, as well as the
brightness they give the house in win-
ter. Rubber trees begin at 75 cents
each and climb in price. Two dollars
will buy a fair-sized one. Another
pretty plant is the dwarf Japanese
tree, which resembles a small Christ-
miw tree and is charming in the hall
in winter and on the porch in the
summer.

Dwarf pot hydrangeas and hya-
cinths, along with the spirala japonica
lily, formerly Easter plants, now may
be had at up-to-date florists at the
Christmas time.

If you purchase an azalea which is
a hardy plant and pays well for its
care, get one that has more buds than
opened flowers on it as the blooms
are rather short-lived, although pro-
fuse. A good one ought to be bought
for $1.00.

The beautiful dwarf bush, the baby
rambler, is popular, with its bright
crimson flowers, and will bloom from
Christmas to Christmas by keeping it
in a sunny window during the winter,
and in summer planting it in the
ground. A two-year-old plant ought to
be had for 75, cents and one that is a
perpetual flame of blossom costs only
$2.00. '

Very cheerful in midwinter are the
evergreens in pots, which are set in
the hall or in the formal parts of the
house. These plants are effective
when well-shaped ones are chosen,
and are hardy. They must be kept
damp but never wet, and can be kept
out of doors all Winter on the porch,
as a bit of decoration on either side
of the hall door.

For foliage plants, the dacaenas,
with their variegated leaves of rich
green and creamy white, the pandan-
us veitchi, with its long graceful,
drooping leaves of white, edged with
green, or the sandere with its yellow
marking, are all good. The araucaria
or Norfolk pines, and the corton, good
for gifts, range in price from 50 cents
up to almost as many dollars.

Be careful that your plants are
well covered when delivering them,
and do not water them just before go-
ing out into the cold, as they are then
inclined to freeze. .It is well to re-
member, when receiving Christmas
plants, to place them immediately in
a moderately 1warm place and water
them. ’

THE" MiCHiCAN“ FARME’R

MEASURE THE BABY CAREFULLY.

 

In filling' in the entry blank for our
prize baby contest, which appeared in
the issue of December 5, care should
be taken to put down the exact meas-
urements. Some of the entries re-
ceived show carelessness in this re-
gard, the baby’s circumference in one
instance being given as seven inches.
All questions on the blank should be
answered as fully and accurately as
pos'sible as the information is import-
ant to the most efficient use of the
score card. The gratifying number
of entries already received is good evi-
dence that Michigan Farmers readers
are justly proud of their babies. Any
reader having a baby eligible to entry
in this contest should fill out the
blank published in the issue of Dec-
ember 5 and mail same to the Baby
Contest Editor, by January 1, 1915.

CHRISTMAS SYMBOLS.

 

(Continued from page 559).
crude ornaments, the star was among
the first fashioned and hung upon the
altar-tree.

The placing of candles upon trees,
the shrines of gods, goes back to the
fire-worshipers of Persia. At one time
a fire or light burned perpetually at
the foot of the sacred oak.

Germany has another legend which
accounts for the placing of candles
upon the Xmas tree. When Winfred
had substituted the fir tree for the
oak, it was carried amid great rejoic-
ing to a near-by baronial castle. Its
snow-covered branches twinkled very
brightly in the lights of the great hall
until the warmth melted the snow,
then the lady of the castle bethought
her of placing lighted candles upon
the tree branches to restore their van-
ished radiance. .

The bell was used by the Priests of
Bacchus in the worship of the vine,
this was but a branch of forest wor-
ship.

The drum goes back to the time of
Confucius. In Bhuddist sculpture boys
are represented as heating drums in
worship of the sacred tree.

The cornucopia, the primitive drink-
ing cup, made from the ram’s horn,
was used to hold the libations to the
God Bacchus, when they besought him
for a plentiful yield from the Vine.

The colored fruits, flowers and nuts
are of greatest antiquity. Before man
had become skilled enough in hand-
craft to fashion gifts, he used those
nature so freely bestowed, bringing
the first fruits of tree and vine as
free-will offerings. The gold and sil-
ver tinsel which add so much to the
splendor of the modern Xmas tree,
are but symbols of the real gold and
silver chains which ancient men once
hung upon their trees.

These many gifts were brought be-
fore the altar and presented with
mingled feelings. In the beginning,
each offering was but a. separate note
in the mute cry in the heart of. the
giver. One a plea for mercy, one a
petition for redemption, others the
glad pean of thankful praise to the
Giver of all.

These almost inaudible whispers
which began at the dawn of time
have risen slowly to articulate song.
All these individual notes have be-
come merged in one mighty chorus
which has at last broken forth in the
splendid anthems in which today the
whole world joins in singing, “Glory
to God in the Highest, On earth Peace
and Good Will to Men.”

    

 

 

.T,

 

 

 

  

  

($4; (f \_
\zuéip
\

"I" -r 7’ 4.. 7' ’

\‘v‘v.y"’ /.
- , 7

.\

   

If you have ever shivered in chilly
rooms because it was too early to start
the regular fire. or frozen through
some severe cold spell that was too
much for furnace or stoves. go today
to your nearest dealer and look at the
NEW PERFECTION H E AT E R—
the insurance
a g a i n s t cold
weather discom-
fort.

Strike a match
and you have a
clean, conven-
ient, economical
fire that you can carry around with
you. Fire to dress by in the morning.
in the bath room and in rooms that are
hard to beat all the season through.

  

Contentment

ERrEcrlo

Snouzacss

STANDARD OIL COMPANY (01:31:33.1?) Chicago, Ill.

 

  
   
  
    
   
    
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
  

 
   
  

.l ”j
r l \...'.1.... .1. .. .,

_ all]! ~,
. \v:\‘.:,—;, , u
{" I'L"flfllllilu_m..

  
 

    

Look forth

Tris-ale for War-ti.
Confer-t sud Cheer

 

Makes the family happy the first
chilly evenings. Watch them smile
when they gather ’round the NEW
PERFECTION.

Burns 10 hours on one gallon of oil—
can’t smoke. No trouble to re-wick.
In the New Perfection wick and carrier

~ are combined.
Fresh wicks are ,
ready to put in.
trimmed.smooth
and r e ad y t 0
light. For best
results use Perv
fection Oil.‘
Your dealer has the NEW PERFECTION
Oil Heater on exhibition. He will be glad
to show you the different models. Send us

you: name on a postal and we will toward.
you the NEW PERFECTION Book.

      
 

 

 

 

    
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 

 

 

Home Comfort for Winter Days.

Think of the comfort an Indoor Closet would bring
to you and your family these stormy days.

The WOLVERINE CHEMICAL CLOSET

makes it possible for you to have a toilet in your home.

No Water or Sewer Connection Required.
The outside closet means exposure, sickness and doctor bills,
The Indoor Closet means Health, Comfort and Convenience,

Send us the name of your Hardware or Implement Dealer and
we will send you our Catalog giving complete description of the

,WOLVEruz NE CHEMICAL CLOSET SYSTEM

Guaranteed Odorless and Sanitary.

DAIL STEEL PRODUCTS CO., Lam“, Mm,

Will Not Freeze.
710 E. Main 80..

 

 

 

 

‘A Kalamam

2:23.323? Direct to You"

  
   
  
  
 
  

   

And that’s only one of
500 low price records i.
for quality stoves and
ranges shown in the big
free Kalamazoo cata-
log. Every stove sent

on long r'

FreeTrial

Money-back guaran- ~ 0
tee—cashoreasypay- .
mentterms,shipped
immediately, all
polished and ready
to set arr—Freight Shlpmont .
all prepaid. Guaranteed ‘

' toda for this cats] that saves
wrlte $5.00yto 840.“) for evzgry buyer and
1mmree satisfaction. See all the

other great offers. Ask for book No. 118

“LAMAZOO STOVE COMPANY
Manufacturer.
Kalamazoo. Mlchlgan

   

Immediate

      
  

 

 

 

 

W‘IIEB— to Rent Farm 801:0 100 acres good land in
80. Mio i an for a term of years. close to
school ch market, Osash rent preferred by exlferiencod
farmer. Best of reference. J as. Anderson, ansas. 0.

WANTED by experienced man. a farm
. to rent on shares with every-
thing furnished. Prefer Gratlot or Isabella County.
Address J. W. GBASSLEY. R. 1, Grass Lake. Mich.

 

LET US TAN
YOUR HIDE.

Cattleor Horse hide, Calf, Dog. Deer
or any kind of skin With hair or fur on.
We can and finish them right: make
them Into coats (for nn-n and women).
roges. rfugs or dglovels when ordered.

out ur goo swil cost on less h
to buy them. and be worth more. toll:-
Illustrated catalog gives a lot of in-
formation whlch every stock raiser
should have, but. we never send out this .,
valuable book except upon request.

It; tells how to take off and care for
hides: how and when we pay the from!“
both ways : about our safe dyeing pro-
cess which is a. tremendous advantage
to the customer. especially on horse
hides and call skins; about. the fur
glossagéi gfime trophies we sell. taxi-

. c. on wan .
yloltlir (éorrect address. t a. copy send us
e rosby Frisian Per Company ‘4
571 Lyell Ave" Rochester. N. Y. '

 
    
  
   
   
   
 
    
     
 
 

 

 

A soft, luminous light,
which casts no shadow.
Brighter than electricity or
acetylene. h’lakes and burns
its own gas. Costs 2c a Week.
No dirt, smoke, nor odor.
Over 200 styles, ranging from
, 100 to 2000 candle power.
-. Absolutely guaranteed.
Write for Illustrated Catalog

Agents Want Everywhere
m The Best Light Co,
280 E. 5th St. Canton. Ohio

 

Every person in Michigan who has I
W ANTED I Fur Coat, Robe or Set of Furs
that needs to be Repaired. Relined or Remodeled to know that

The Blissfield Robe & Tanning Company,

Blissfleld. Michigan.
does this work and does it right. Send your Fur Garments
:wmatgoggsextgense. gaggifgiceciswnot satisfacttfi'y we
You . 0 weather wi soon
be here. Sand for free Catalogue.

 

 
 
  


 

562-22

 

7

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

llllilllllllllllllllllliillllllllillllflllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllll|llIIlllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Farm Commerce.

MilliIllIllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllIlllll|llllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllfllllllllllllll|illlllllIlllllllIlllllIlllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllfl

From the Milk Dealer’s Viewpoint.

sured, blamed and looked upon
with an evil eye. Many produc-
ers thoroughly believe the city man is
exacting too large a portion of the re-
tail price to pay for the collection and
distribution of milk. ,
Since problems are usually solved
easier and with greater satisfaction
when both sides are We“ understood
by all concerned, it would seem a
duty to give here the defense of the
city dealer. \Vhat obligations are im-
posed upon him, what expenses must
he meet. what conditions are to be
overcome in getting this most import-
ant and most easily contaminated of

THE city milk dealer has been cen-

expense of rigid dairy inspection de-
manded by most cities, shrinkage due
to evaporation, and the perishability
of the milk. Then, also, there comes
in this connection the charge which
must be made for cold storage facili-

ties on the farm and in transit. A
great factor which influences the

prices paid is surplus milk produced
in the summer over that. of the fall
and winter. Producers do not appro-
ciate the fact that. the city can ab-
sorb only about. so much milk and so
the dealers. in order to avoid having
a lot of perishable milk on hand, out
the price, which lowers the offerings
and makes the dealer’s risk less.

 

 

 

 

The Auto Truck is Proving itself Indispensable to the Farmer who takes his

Products Directly

to the City Market.

 

all our foods safely to the consumer?

At a recent gathering in Chicago the
general subject of milk marketing was
under discussion. Hon. Chas. J. Brand.
Chief of the Division of Markets. De-
partment of Agriculture. presided ov-
er the session. while Mr. Chas. “'hit-
ing. a milk dealer of Boston. Mass,
presented the dealer's side of the
theme. Among the points made are
the following:

The producing world is startled by
the announcement that of the consum-
er’s price, the milk dealer receives 58
per cent. This seems to be an alto-
gether exorbitant price but when we
take into account those risks which
the dealer takes and the different
processes through which he must put
this milk, this spread in prices is not
so exorbitant: and under our present
conditions of federal supervision and
drastic laws enforcing sanitary meas-
ures. there is little likelihood of the
price being cut to the consumer by
any other means of distribution. The
analysis of the operations which are
required in order to deliver the milk
at the door of the consumer are divid-
ed into the following three heads:
Producing and delivering to the city;
handling in the city plant. and de-
livery and bill collection. A careful
investigation as to what makes price
in these commodities will reveal the
fact that the price cannot be very ma-
terially lessened.

Production and Delivery.

On account of the price of feeds, la-
bor and stock, one cannot. see in the
future any reduction in the cost of
production. It requires a large amount
of capital to go into dairying. Then
the other item, that of delivering the
milk to the city dealer, in view of the
small earnings of the railroads at pres-
ent, and in view of the fact that they
are sueing for an increase in freight
rates, we cannot hope in any material
reduction along carrier lines. Then,
added to these expenses, there is the

Farmers should get acquainted with
the fact that the most economical pro-
duction of market milk and the best
prices are obtained when the bulk of
the offering is obtained during the fall

and winter. Fall-freshening cows are
most profitable in the long run.

Handling and Bottling.

In the handling and bottling, there
is incurred greater expense than
would at first be supposed. The pro-
ducer when he. condemns the milk
dealer does not. take into account the
many operations through which the
milk must go in order that it may be
put on the market. In the city, the
trains must be met and the milk cart-
ed to the plant and here it must go
through clarifying, bottling and cap«
ping processes. These all take time,
fairly high-class labor, and where
units of machinery must be bought,
there is an added expense to figure
on. Added to this, the item of fur-
nishing bottles is no small matter in
itself. Of course, We have paper bot-
tles on the market, but the cost has
thus far prohibited their general use,
due. to the price which must be finally
asked of the consumer in order to pay
for these bottles. Then added to this,
the milk is a perishable product and
must be refrigerated and in most
large cities pasteurized—~not mention-
ing the fact that some consignments
are received in such poor condition
that they must be disposed of at half
price. There must also be taken into
account the losses due to sloppage
and evaporation and the cost of ma-
chinery and the other essentials which
go with pasteurization where that is
demanded by city ordinances.

Delivery and Bill Collection.

A by no means unimportant part of
the labors which must be charged up
against this 58 per cent of the con-
sumer’s price which the dealer gets is
the work of delivering. and bill col-
lecting. The work of delivering is
laborious and requires early hours in

the morning. It requires in addition
to a. man of brawn, a peculiar combi-

nation for the milkman must be
salesman, solicitor and collector. Each

of these labors is a'distinct type in
itself and as a Consequence, a fairly
good price must be p‘did for men who
do this work. Added to this is the
cost of horses, delivery wagons and
accessories. It has been found ‘so' far,
that horses are more economical when
it comes to delivering milk than‘are
the .power trucks. Then there is al-
ways a certain amount of loss, due to
bad hills which cannot be collected.
This is true in any business. Any
dealer, not matter what kind of com-
modity he is dealing in, figures on a
certain amount of loss due to bad bills
and the milk business is no exception
in this regard.
Other Considerations.

Added to the foregoing main points,
there are other points which must not
be lost. sight of when arguing for a
more efficient basis of milk distribu-
tion. We must take into account that
all of these milk dealers are. under
federal supervision and also that the
states and cities also impose other re-
strictions peculiar to themselves. At
present: the dealer studies the ques-
tion to make the work eiiicient. for
efficiency in the different operations
is what makes for profits and these
are small enough under fairly efficient
methods.

In addition, a great amount of cap—
ital is required in the city plant and
this cannot be turned over many
times. The. cost of delivery depends
upon the amount of milk delivered anti
also upon the wages which must be
paid for help. if a. man delivers a
large amount of milk in a. small area,
the cost of delivery is lessened. lin-
der our present system of delivery.
there is much duplication on the
routes. This gives a greater choice
of milk dealers to the consumer. Dr.
\Villiams, of Rochester, has figured
out that the cost of milk could" be.
reduced one cent per quart. if milk de-
livery systems were adopted which
would cut out duplication of routes,
but at present this does not seem pos-
sible.

In view of the federal laws regard-
ing proper sanitation and testing and
that a large amount, of capital is in-
vested in milk machinery, co-opera-
live marketing by farmer organiza-
tions should be well studied before at-
tempted. Under present systems, it
would seem to be uneconomical and
scarcely feasible.——M.

GRAND TRAVERSE GROWERS OR.
GANIZE.

 

Fruit growers of the Grand Trav-
erse region, desperately sick of “by-
guess and by-golly” methods, met in
Traverse City recently, and 'took
first steps toward forming a co-opera-
tive marketing association. L. F. Titus
is chairman of the temporary organi-

   

.. “ mo. 19. 1914.

zation and Willis Lindsey is secretary.
On motion of Wm. G. Tompkins, of
the Upper Peninsula, a committee on
organization was named, composed of
representative men in different sec-
tions, as follows: Rev. A. Bentall,
Northport; C. W. Loei’i‘ler, Solon; W.
L. Thomas, Traverse City; John N.
Courtnade, Garfield; H. Wilce, Em-
pire; W. W. Gordon, Acme; E. O.
Ladd and Peter Swanson, Peninsula.

F. Kern, of the Peninsula Fruit As-
sociation, of Bayfleld, Wis, was the
guest of the Michigan growers, and he
went into details regarding the Bay-
fleld organization. Speaking of. its
success he said: “We. have just mar-
keted our fourth crop. At the outset
four years ago we had a little over
$200 in the treasury and over $600 in
debts. Now we. have our own build-
ins and the stock is worth $1.56. The
first great advantage of organization
is standardization of output. This
means that any buyer knows Just
what he is getting and it logically fol-
lows that he will not quibble over
prices. But the great advantage is in
distribution. Under the old plan an
individual grower brings his perish-
able stuff to market: and begs for a
buyer or sells to a commission man at
what the middleman says is the top
price. Under the co-operative system
outside. markets are found by special-
ists and the grower’s stuff is sold
weeks ahead. This is accomplished
without piling up stuff in Chicago or
some other common dumping ground,
with prices shot to pieces."

The Grand Traverse Association
started off with 116 members and this
number is bound to grow and to in-
clude all leading growers. Mr. llen~
tall, chairman of the committee. on or—
ganization, has been through the mill
and is a most valuable man. He or-
ganized the Northport Fruit Growers’
Association. and managed the same
through times of vicissitude and hard
knocks. lie knows how vitally im-

portant it is to have, an organization
with iron clad rules, if you please,’

binding the members ”together.

The new association will be incor-
porated. with shares at $10 each. A
constitution and by-laws are. being
prepared for adoption. The fruit, grow-
ers of that section are intelligent and
are. alive and awake to the needs of
this new time. The Grand Traverse
region is a recognized cherry—produc-
ing center, but is famous for other
fruits as well. Good markets are seen
to outweigh good crops in importance
and the Traverse City meeting doubts
less will develop into one of the
strongest co-operative bodies of fruit
growers in Michigan.

Kent Co. ALMOND GRIFFEN.

Learn to be pleased with everything,
with wealth so far as it makes us ben-
eficial to others; with poverty, for
not having much to care for; and with
obscurity, for being unenvied.—Plu-

tarch.

 

 

A curious situation has developed in the distribution of meat products.
Largely by reason of the foot-and-mouth disease quarantine, prices to farm-
ers have been considerably reduced, while retail prices to consumers are
scarcely altered at all. Not being privileged to the books of the packers
and retailers, we do not know who is taking the additional margin, per-
haps it is being divided. Occasionally alfarmer is found who suffers noth-

ing from the change.
his shipments of dressed meat.

He has a half-dozen families in the city who accept
During cold weather he butchers a hog,

or sheep, or beef, every two weeks or so, cuts the carcass and ships it to his

city customers.

They pay transportation charges and remit to him a price

that gives a substantial margin over the ruling live stock quotations.

 

 

 

...—- «‘s “.4 ”A __

.mwenw

 


 

 

 

 

.-.__. .».<. __

i
i

 

 
 

. ., V .. .Dmc"19:19i‘r .. ' i'. *4 ' . T"

A comes on same.

 

In my article on the marketing of
beans, published in The Farmer of
December 5,, it'was noted that there
had been an approximate loss of one
million dollars to the farmers by lack
of adequate marketing facilities. The
enclosed clipping, ‘(a despatch from
Cleveland alleging that a Cleveland
operator has cornered the bean mar-
ket), accounts for one-fourth of that
figure. The information also is of im-
portance since it answers the ques-
tion asked by those who think supply
and demand fix prices, at least to the
producer.

There is also a bit of information
in the fact that one man can legally
raise the price of beans while (with-
out legal reason) fear is expressed
that if the farmers were to unite and
fix the price of their product they
would be violating the'anti-trust law.

Shiawassee Co. J. N. McBmmc.

FREE MILK TESTING SERVICE.

We have arranged to have samples
of skim-milk, whole milk and cream
from our subscribers tested free. If
you wish to know whether your
creamcry is giving you proper returns
have a sample of the cream tested to
compare with the report of the cream-
ery. Pessibly your cream separator
is not working as it should. Send us
a sample of the skim—milk and let the
test tell your whether the machine is
leaving too much butter-fat in or not.
You may have some cows in your
herd that are not paying for their
keep. You can determine this by hav-
ing the milk from each cow tested,
from which you can accurately deter-
mine the value of the. milk each gives.
We established the free milk testing
service to meet the above needs. It
is for every subscriber to take advan-
tage of.

Follow these directions: Thorough-
ly mix the sample of milk to be test-
ed, by pouring three times from one
'can or bucket to another and back
again. Next take a sample, fill a 4-
ounce, wide-mouthed bottle, enclose
the bottle in a mailing tube and send
by parcel post to the Michigan Farm-
er Laboratories, 674 Woodward Ave.,
Detroit. ‘The sample will be tested
promptly, and returns made directly
from the laboratory.

In case you do not have a bottle
and mailing tube, we can furnish the
same, postpaid for 10 cents. In order-
ing bottle and mailing tube, address
The Michigan Farmer, Detroit, but in
sending the samples be sure to ad-
dress them to Michigan Farmer Lab-
oratories, 674 Woodward Avenue, De-
troit, as indicated above.

 

 

MICHIGAN CROP REPORTf

Wheat—The condition of wheat as
compared with an average per cent is
94 in the state, 92 in the southern
counties, 95 in the central counties, 96
in the northern counties and 97 in the
upper peninsula. One year ago the
per cent was 98 in the state, central
and northern counties, 94 in the'south-
ern counties and 102 in the upper pe-
ninsula.

The total number of bushels of
wheat marketed by farmers in Novem-
ber at 85 flouring mills is 179,766 and
at 93 elevators and to grain dealers
192,367 or a total of 372,133 bushels.
Of this amount 253,494 bushels were
marketed in the southern four tiers
of counties, 108,521 in the central
counties and 10,118 in the northern
counties and upper peninsula. The
estimated total number of bushels of
wheat marketed in the four months
August-November, is 5,500,000. Thirty-
five mills, elevators and grain dealers
geport no wheat marketed in Novem-

er. .
Rye—The condition of rye as com-
pared with an average per cent is 95
in the state, 94 in the southern coun~
ties. 96 in the central counties and 97
in the northern counties and upper
peninsula. One year ago the per cent
was 96 in the state and central coun-
ties, 95 in the southern counties, 97 in
the northern counties and 101 in the
upper peninsula. '

Fall Pasture—The condition of fall
pasture as com ared with an average
per cent is 92' the state, 90 in the

 

southern counties, 93 in the 'central
counties, 94 in the northern counties
and 98 in the upper peninsula.

Live Stock—«The condition of live
stock throughout the state is 97 for
horses, cattle, sheep and swine.

IIlllilillllllllllillIliiiliiliillilllliillill||Illllillilillilllilllliilllilillllllllillliiillll|||lllllliilillllllilllliilliilIi
Crop and Market Notes.

Michigan.

Monroe Co., Dec. 7.~Potato yield is
fair this car, 35@400 per bushel. We
need a uyer and shipper here at
Maybee, all surplus hauled to Monroe.
Tomatoes grown for factory paid the
farmers well this year, bringing from
$100@125 per acre. Wheat, while
sown late, looks fine; yield from 15
to 35 bushels per acre. Corn about
all husked, yielding from 80 to 120
baskets per acre, not much sold but is
being fed to cattle and hogs. liogs
about all in farmers’ hands yet on ac-
count of the strict quarantine, some
being dressed for Toledo and Detroit
markets at 90. Eggs 32c; butter 26@
30; hay 31061212: oats 47o; farmers
busy plowing for cats.

Hillsdale Co., Dec. 2.»—-N<-arly all the
corn crop has been taken care of, with
the exception of some fields yet. to be
shredded. Many farmers are taking
advantage of the open weather to do
fall plowing. Many fat hogs are in
the hands of farmers, shipments hav-
ing been delayed by the live stock
quarantine. Both the foot-and-mouth
disease and hog cholera have appear-
ed of late, in Hillsdale county, but
their ravages have not been great.
Live poultry which was also held up
by the quarantine, is now‘ being ship-
ped in considerable quantities. Fewer
western sheep and cattle than usual,
will be fed this winter, owing to the
fuel, that the live stock quarantine was
put in force before some of the farms
ors had procured animals for feeding.
Wheat and rye looking good. Deans
$2; wheat $1.05; rye 97c; oats 44c;
cloverseed $8; butter 28c; eggs 33c;
chickens 10c; ducks 10c; turkeys 15c;
hogs $4@6; calves $7; potatoes 2564)
300 per bushel.

Arenac Co., Dec. 3.———Potatocs yield«
ed from 75 to 250 bushels per acre;
beans about 15 bushels; corn 30 to
125. Wheat and rye look fine. Lots
of rough feed in farmers” hands and
many are buying up stock to utilize it,
cattle being most] fed. Wheat 95c;
oats 460; beans 2.25; corn on ear
35c; butter 35c: potatoes 25c.

Berrien Co., Dec. 7,—Wheat crop is
looking good, considering lateness of
sowing. Corn is a light crop. though
the late season helped to mature it;
many who have not silos are shred-
ding corn, and a great many silos
were put up this year. Apples were
a good crop but did not keep well,
some rotting on the trees, on account
of warm weather at time of picking.
Horses and cattle are looking well.
Hogs $6.25, but cannot ship out of the

state. Wheat $1.07; butter 300; eggs

290 per dozen.

Branch Co., Dec. 5.——Quite a little
corn yet to husk. Potatoes average
about 125 bushels per acre: beans
about seven bushels; corn lightest in
a number of years. Wheat and rye
looking well. Not as much grain as
usual in farmers’ hands. Owing to
the quarantine farmers are having to
feed stock longer than was expected,
and those not having feeders are un~
able to get them. Some potatoes be-
ing shipped at 27c: wheat $1.08; corn
600; oats 44c; butter 30c; eggs 32c.

Livingston Co., Dec. 5.———Weather
has been mild for the time of year,
and the ground is not frozen. Farm-
ers plowing and getting their work
well along for spring. Stock of all
kinds doing well. Sheep are still be-
ing pastured, which will be quite a.
saving in feed. Hog cholera is get-
ting quite a start in the county and
farmers are doing everything possible
to prevent its spread. Beans at $2.30
and rye at $1 are being marketed
quite freely.

Sanilac Co., Dec. 8,—Farmers are
still plowing, and never was fail work
so completely done. Wheat and rye
are going into winter in fine condition.
Live stock of all kinds have gained a.
little in price and some being shipped,
but those having silos are holding
and feeding. Auction sales are nu-
merous and farms changing hands, but
the price of land has decreased about
25 per cent. The good roads move-
ment is being pushed, and each year
finds several miles of state reward
road being built. Potato market is
rather dull at 25c; wheat $1.03; oats
44c; barley $1.15 per cwt; beans $2.25
per bushel; hay $12.

Shiawassee Co., Dec. 7.—Corn about
out of field and hushed. A large
amount of fall plowing being done.
Potatoes yielded 120 to 200 crates per
acre. Wheat and rye in splendid con-
dition. Farmers well supplied with
feed of all kinds. Lamb feeders are
purchasing native lambs for feeding
purposes. Some 7 hay being sold, but
large quantities being held. Roads in
excellent condition, and farmers are

" THE MICHIGAN- FARMER

well pleased with the state reward

‘roads. Not much grain movin ; some

wheat going to market at 9 .06 or
bushel. Eggs scarce and high. ew
seeding withstanding winter in good
shape. Clover hulling under way, and
yielding from one to three bushels per
acre.

Emmet Co., Nov. 26.—Snow suffi-
cient for sleighing; staying for a
week, now going. Stock is generally
healthy, with good supply of feed on
hand. The crop of potatoes was good,
but buyers only offered around 200
and many went into cellars and pits.
Beans were fair to good as to care
and culture given the crop, and are
quoted at $2.10.

New York.

Columbia Co., Dec. 7,—Potatoes
were above the average of past ears,
and sell around 50c per bushel. cans
were a fair crop, and white marrows
bring 3.75 per bushel. Corn yield is
above average, bringing 75c per bush-
el. Rye did not make much growth
owing to drouth. No wheat. grown
here. Very little farm produce except
hay and straw being sold. Not much
stock for sale except a few hogs. But-
ter 350; eggs 550.

Pennsylvania.

Lancaster Co., Dec. 8.—Yieid of po-
tatoes very much above the average.
Beans are good; corn good crop in
quality and quantity. Meadows, new
seeding and wheat not very good, ow-
ing to dry weather. No stock being
bought on account of strict quaran-
tine throughout the country for foot-
and-mouth disease, therefore fewer fed
than usual. A good supply of corn
fodder in farmers’ hands. Surplus
wheat has mostly been sold on ac-
count of the moth. Eggs 40c; butter
35c; apples 60 per bushel; dressed
pork 10c: calves Sc; steers 80; to-
bacco brings 10c per pound.

Ohio.

Ciermont Co., Dec. 8.~—Some pota-
toes hardly doubled the seed planted,
while others produced a fair yield.
Corn on bottom land averaged 75
bushels, and on bill ground consider-
ably less. Wheat and rye are in good
condition. Most farmers have enough
feed for winter, but some having a
large number of cattle and hogs are
buying feed. Small surplus of grain
for sale. The quarantine has brought
prices down, and farmers are awaiting
a raise in prices. Hogs $6.50; cattle
$6.50; butter 26c; eggs 37c; young
chick .ns 11c; corn 750 per bushel.

Da kc Co., Dec. 8.~Corn husking is
about done; about an average yield
and quality fair. Wheat looks good,
and meadows fine. Live stock has be-
gun to move since quarantine was tak-
en off. There are several cases of hog
cholera. Farmers have plenty of rough
feed. Corn 550: oats 50c: wheat $1.04
per bushel; eggs 35c; chickens 100;
hogs $6.50.

Greene, Co., Dec. 8.—Potatoes and
corn both improved in the latter part
of the season, and returned fair to
good yield, potatoes yielding around
150 bushels; corn 20 to 80 bushels.
The fly injured early sown wheat, but
later sown looks good. Plenty of wheat
still in farmers hands and some wheat
will be held; corn is going to market
slowly at 550 a bushel. This county
is in quarantine, but no cases of foot-
and-mouth disease. Hog cholera caus-
ed thousands of dollars loss, the worst
ever known. Wheat $1.10: hogs $5@6.

Holmes Co., Dec. 7.—Weather wet,
but not cold and no snow. Potatoes
are yielding well. Corn all in crib,
with an average yield. The acreage
of wheat is normal, and looks fine.
Farmers have plenty of feed on hand.
The quarantine being on, there is
plenty of stock in farmers’ hands, in-
tended for the earlier market. which
is causing prices to be lower than us-
ual. Potatoes 500; wheat $1.06; corn

65c.

Shelby Co., Dec. 5.-—Cold weather
with rain the last few days. Corn
husking all done, and is a fairly good
crop. Potatoes a poor crop. Wheat
is badly hurt by the fly. There is
plenty of feed for home use, some
corn and oats for sale, but very little
surplus hay. Hogs are about the only
stock fed for present market, and the
price is unsatisfactory on account of
foot-and-mouth disease. Some corn
sold at 750 percwt; oats 450; wheat
$1.05; cloverseed $7@8; butter-fat
290; eggs 32c; poultry 90; turkeys
15c per pound. ,

Wayne Co., Dec. 7.——Corn is about
all in the crib, with a yield of 100
baskets per acre. Wheat looking fair-
ly good. Farmers have a good supply
of rough feed. Hogs plentiful, cattle
not so many being fed. Potatoes are
being shipped at 350 per bushel; hogs
$8, dressed; butter 33c; eggs 36c;
chickens, live 110.

Indiana.

Noble Co., Dec. 5.——Near1y all corn
and fodder has been cared for, surplus
stock marketed, and farmers generally
are ready for winter. Wheat fields
look good, late sowing being benefited
by the late fall. Farmers are well
supplied with feed, but will have but

(Continued on page 564).

"THIS 691.2

    

i

Volume —- Quality
VOLUME is our

watchword-QUALI-
TY our motto. Quality—
Gallowny en Inc
quail nhas ma 9 our
tremon on: volume pos-
sible. Skilled work-
manship, best materials
bought in large quanti-
ties. simplicity and per-
fection in design. and
supreme in owcr are
why] cal the new 6
h. p. (horse power that , Vy
is horse power) Gallo. can bracket our

 

 

look over These
Specifications

Double ball typo
governor; Hercules
cyllnrlel head,exira
largo cooling sur-
faces around cyllno
dcr and cylinder
head: larger water
Do. lhor evens-ail
drainedJroM roo .
alpwgpeed, fab
( u y eavywe .
big here and {mu
stroke engine; ele-
vated main hearing

way's MASTERPIECE. 532311421: 1:?“
‘ G“ M, New "‘5 all/ct cr)7mk grhail‘

:peciai(tlesignc‘r
)eonom Jar lure -
It's new and different. tor (ens: in mm in
Listen! fDon’t buy an Cglgm‘gl-‘a‘i’mzh lg;-
engine 0 any make, " ' ‘
kind or at any rice Egcggmbfimmg
“nu-1 you “1'31: 3 my magneto (extra but
new 1915 proposition one wire rom
and sliding scale, price magneto l0 Inner.
reducing schedule. It's
an eye opener"- prolu sharing our-
prise to everybody. The more we sell.
starting in September lst. 1014 and ending
September lst. 1915 the more we still rt;-
duce our price from this already low
figure and you get the benefit.

Ask For Iy Free Engine Book
Send npostal now for our now im proposition
and valuable engine book that is full of engine
Information, pictures and letters from satisfied
customers that tell the absolute truth about
Galloway engines. It's yours for the asking.
Wm. Galloway. Prea. The WI. Galloway Co.
185 Galloway linden Waterloo. Iowa

Proposition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nelson Tank Heater
—Two Weeks Free Trial

HE Nelson Tank Heater cuts fuel

cost in half and heats water in half

the time required by any other heat-
erl Absolutely no heat wasted as entire
heating surface is under water. Burns
coal, Wood, straw. corn cobs, rubbish—‘3”)!-
thing that will burn in a furnace. .Ashes
removed in a few seconds without disturb-
ing heater. Ask your dealer—or have us
send you 8. Nelson Tank Heater on two
weeks free trial at our risk. Write to-

PAT.
Oct. 6, Nelson Mfg. Co., gggfig;
1906 18 Wall St. find .tesu-
momais.

 

AW WOOD THIS WAYi

ndcnt of hired help. Save your Lune,I
work an money. Saw big KimbCYS at the rate
of 25 to 40 cords a day. It's only "boy’oj

IRE play" With on
D

, LAND Drag Saw Machine;
STRAIGHF LINE ll . .
as no cquzl in convenience, "mph-r
' Elly and long lnlc. ll's light, compact, strong. tell-t
built and warranted. Saws whole log In short length
wuhout lcavung lzvcr. No turning for last cut. 7;
advantages. Write for tree pnntcd matter. A1507
details on our Wood Saw Machines, Saw and
Shingle Mills and Hours. Family law
I price! on canvas. belting.

Munihmu

  
   
  
  
    

t y.)

 

 

\ IDLE HORSES PAY
0 I.

t Use limto (fit grlve to mill
0 save 0

feed at home w 111%
Sweep Food Grind“ For

 

 

 

 

 

TEQPW'“ The White Basket
That secures hi
Illa: ffgrr l’snrcahlli:

win; our complete!!!”
and secure your banish
and crates at wmm
DIBOOUNTS.

The um Frail In to.

 

 

 

lull: lam, Ohio.

WANTEDw-Horthm Grown Seed Donna no In.
° from Bli t and Anthracite-o a

glide. yielders. ear 1 maturity and nnlfonn'iiy
ind. nd samples and quote prices and full .
“onion. Producers Elevator Co., Sanduaky, Mg.

 

 

 

  

 


 

THE MICHIGAN FARMSV‘ER

 

DEC. 19, 1914.

 

564—24

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5 31‘: €128 E
E ' E
EHIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIllIIIlIIIlIIllllIIllIIlIllIIIIIIIIIIIIlIIIIIfi

GRAINS AND SEEDS.

 

December 15, 1914.

Wheat—The bulls had the advan-
tage in the market the past week and
prices have gone up. While there has
been a slight falling off in the amount
of wheat leaving the farms, the main
reason for the advance was the heavy
demand from foreign countries. Italy
is drawing heavily for wheat from Ar-
gentine and the firm and higher prices
prevailing by reason of this outlet has
caused anxiety in England, so much
so, that quotations at Liverpool were
put up to attract cargoes thither. Am-
erican farmers and holders are profit-
ing by the situation. Although the
visible supply shows an increase
amounting to nearly four million bush-
els, some of this showing is due to the
adjustment of stocks by lake shippers
and carriers and actually should have
no influence upon dealing. Foreigners
are buying freely and this is keeping
the surplus down in spite of the libs
eral selling by farmers due to the at-
tractive prices offered. A year ago
the price for No. 2 red wheat was
99%c per bushel. Quotations for the
past week are:

, No. 2 No. 1

Red. White. May.

Wednesday . . . .1.15% 1.12% 1.23

Thursday ...... 1.15% 1.12% 1.23
Friday ......... 1.15% 1.12% 1.23 11,,
Saturday 1.17% 1.14% 1.24%
Monday . 1.18 1.15 1.24%
Tuesday ........... . . . . ......
Chicago, (Dec. 14).—No. 2 red

wheat $1.181/é@1.19 per bushel; May
$1.21%.

Corn.—Corn has advanced in firm.
ness with wheat. The cold weather
has slackened the deliveries by farm-
ers, while it has opened up a demand
from feeders and tended to stimulate
the movement of the grain generally.
The local market was quiet, with buy-
ers more numerous than sellers on
Tuesday. A year ago the price for
No. 3 corn was 68%c per bushel. Quo-
tations for the week are:

N o. 3 No. 3
Mixed. Yellow.
Wednesday . . . . ....... 63% 64%
Thursday ........... 63 % 64%
Friday .............. 64 65
Saturday ........... 64 65
Monday ............ 64 % 65 %
Tuesday ............ 64% 65 %
Chicago, (Dec. 14) .—No. 2 yellow

corn, new 63%@64%c; Dec., 630; May
691,40 per bushel.

Oats.—This grain continues in good
demand but prices seem to depend
more upon the conditions of wheat
and corn trading than upon the oat
supply and demand situation. Stocks
seem to be limited. The visible sup-
ply shows a slight increase. One year
ago the price paid for standard oats
was 4324c per bushel. Last week’s
quotations were:

No. 3

Standard. White.
Wednesday ......... 50 % 50
Thursday ........... 50 % 50
Friday .............. 50 % 50
Saturday ........... 50 % 50
Monday ............ 50 % 50
Tuesday ............ 50 % 50

Chicago, (Dec. 15) .—Standard oats

49%@50c; No. 3 white 48%@49%c;
Dec., 47%0; May 517/30 per bushel.

Rye.——Mi11ers continue to-take rye
freely and have held the price steady
at $1.10 by reason of their urgent
need. The quotations have been ad-
vancing for over a month past.

Beans.——Local values have advanc-
ed 10c and the deal appears to be 1n-
creasing in strength with many_re-
ports of foreign demand and buying.
Detroit quotations are: Immediate and
November shipment $2.45; December
$2.55. Chicago reports a steady tone
and prices. Pea beans, hand-picked,
choice, are quoted at $2.65@2.75;
common at $2.40@2.55; red kidneys,
choice, at $3.25@3.50. .

Clover Seed—Dealing in samples is
active, with prices off a dime since
last week. Prime spot and December
$9.10; March $9.30; prime alsike sells
t 9 ‘

a .

Toledo.-—Prime cash and. December
$9'1;%; March $9.37%; prime als1ke
$9.1 .

FLOUR AND FEEDS.

Flown—Jobbing lots in one-eighth
paper sacks are selling on the \Detroit
market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best
patent $6.20; second $5.80; straight
$5.25: sprgglg patent $6.50; rye flour
5.80 er .

3 Fee .—In 100-lb. sacks, jabbing lots
are: Bran $25 ; standard middlings
$25; fine middlings $32; coarse corn
meal $28; corn and cat chop $25 per
ton.
Hay.—Quotations are steady. Car-

 

lots on-Utraek- at Detroit vare:‘-'—“-New. '
standard

No. ‘1 timothy $16@16.50;‘
$15@15.50; - No. 2, $15@.15.50.

-Chicago.—~Liberal offenings and a.-

fair demand prevent price advances.

Choice timothy $16.50@17; .No. 1,-

$15@15.50; No. 2, $12.50 13.50.

Straw—Steady. Rye 7.50@8; oat
stiaw $7@7;50; wheat’straw $7@7.50
a on. ~ .

 

DAIRY AND' POULTRY PRODUCTS.

 

Butter.——Market continues firm at
last week's prices. Extra creamery
32c; firsts 29c; dairy 210; packing
stock 20c per 1b.

Chicago—Trade is light and supply
ample. Fancy goods hold firm but
there is too much poor stock arriving.
Prices unchanged. Extra creamery
32c; extra firsts 30@3lc; firsts 27@

28%c; seconds 24@260; packing stock

20%@20%c.

Elgin.——Market dull and slow, only
high-grade stock selling well. Quota-
tion the same as last week, which
was 32c. '

Poultry.—~—Holiday activity is caus-
ing firmness in market. Prices are
slightly higher. Springs 12@12%c;
hens 8@12c; ducks 14%@15c; geese
12@13c; turkeys 18@18%c.

Chicago—Not much change in the
market. Fowls and springs slightly
lower, while other poultry advanced
some. Quotations on live are: Fowls,
good, 9@llc; spring chickens 11%c;
ducks 13@13%c; guinea hens, per doz-
en $3.50; turkeys 16c; geese 10@12c.

Eggs.—Market firm with prices
3c higher than last week. Fresh stock
sells at 33c per dozen; current re-
ceipts 29%c.

Chicago—Market especially firm for
strictly fresh stock because supply is
limited. Dealers are using storage
eggs in preference to the ordinary
firsts. Prices higher. Miscellaneous
lots, cases included, 23@34c; ordinary
firsts 28@30; firsts 34@35c per dozen.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

 

Apples.——Trade is good and market
steady. Cold weather has eliminated
farmers’ bulk stock. Prices unchanged.
Baldwins $2.25@2.50 per bbl; Green-
ings $2.75@3; Spy $3; Steele Red
$3.50; No. 2, 40@5OC per bushel.

Chicago—Good quality of common
storage and fresh arrivals are steady.
Cooler stock sells well and brings a
premium price of 25@500 per bbl.
Baldwins $1.75@2.25; Kings $2.50@
2.75; Wageners $2.25@2.50: Jona-
thans $3.50@4; Greenings $2.50@2.75;
Northern Spy $2.25@2.50.‘
box apples are selling for 750@$2.25
per box.

Potatoes.——Market steady with no
change in prices. Carlots 35@38c per
bu; in bulk 40c per bu. in‘ sacks; at
Chicago the market is steady at last
week’s prices. Michigan white, in
bulk, are quoted at 35@42c per bu; at
Greenville, Mich., 25@27c in bulk.

WOOL.

Transactions in fleece wools are
small in number and size. Prices are
maintained on a firm basis and sup-
plies are being rapidly depleted. The
past week has been quiet with manu-
facturers buying the kinds and quan-
tities they need for filling orders In
sight. They would rather pay higher
prices later on than to lay in extra
supplies now. Boston quotations are:
Michigan %-blood combing pnwashed,
27@280; 3/8-blood do., 28@29c; 14-
blood do., 26@27c; do. unwashed
clothing fine, 23@24c %, %, 1/1-blood
do., 26@27c.

GRAND RAPIDS.

 

 

The potato market continues draggy
the only gleam of hope to growers
this week being weather conditions,
which may raise prices a few cents.
Buyers have been ‘thinking for weeks
that the bottom was reached, and they
think so now. The week opens with
prices around 22c. Growers have large
quantities of potatoes in storage, but
the stock on hand of the dealers is
very small. The potato crop was big
this year. Beans are doing decidedly
better than potatoes, due to crop dam-
age and to war conditions. The price
to farmers now is firm at $2.25, and
many growers are holding for $2.50 or
better. The poultry market is firm,
with dealers paying up to 100 for
chicken, live weight; 12@14c for
ducks; 11@12c for geese and 16@18c
for turkeys.

 

DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.

 

The cold wave kept both farmers
and buyers away from the market on

Tuesday morning and but little busi-

ness was transacted. Apples of in-
ferior quality were selling at 75@90c;
parsnips 45c; cabbage 40c; celery 20c
per bunch; ,pork $10 per cwt; oose

$3.3 steady with values reaching to-

average sales being $18@19 per

ton. No potatoes were in sight. '

Western '

THE LIVESTOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.

. . ' - ' ,December 14, 1914.
(Special Report of, Dunning & Stev-
ens, New York Central Stock .
Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)
Receipts here today as follows: Cat-
tle 100 cars; hogs 90 d. d.; sheep and

lambs 50 d. d.; calves 800 head.

With only 100 cars of cattle on our

'market here today, with the exception

of. a few handy weight loads of cattle
of good quality, that sold early to the
butchers at barely steady last week’s
prices, all other grades were from 15
@25c per cwt. lower, and the bidding
on the best heavy cattle, of which
there are eight or 10 loads yet unsold,
quality considered, is from 40 to 500
per cwt, below last week. There are
some of the best cattle here today,
Canadians, that have been seen here
in the last 60 days, and any bids that
were offered for them were not enter-
tained, as it was such a great decline
from the prices of last week’s offer-
ings.

We had a lighter supply of hogs
here today than was looked for, but
with liberal runs all over the west and
rather slim outlet,-.that is, the outside
demand, for all but pig stuff, market
was slightly lower than the close of
Saturday. Mixed grades of hogs sold
at $7.25@7.30; a few handy weight
yorkers at $7.40, and pig weights up
to $7.50. Roughs $6.30@6.40; stags
$5.50@6. The market was fairly ac-
tive and close was strong with a good
clearance and outlook fairly good for
the balance of the week.

The market was active today on
lambs and sheep, with prices 10c high-
er on lambs than the close of last
week; choice handy lambs selling at
$9@9.10; top Michigan lambs from
quarantined counties $8.60. We look
for steady prices last of week.

We quote: Lambs $9@9.10; cull to
fair $6@8.75; yearlings $6@7.50;
bucks $4@4.50; handy ewes $5.50@
5.75; heavy do $5@5.25; wethers $6@
6.25; cull sheep $3.50@4.50; veals,
choice to extra $10@10.50; fair to
good $8.50@9.50; heavy calves $6@8.

Chicago.
December 14, 1914.
Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.
Receipts today..42,000 50,000 38,000
Same day 1913..34,575 55,340 51,235
Last week ...... 50,088 200,801 104,976
Same wk 1913..64,821 221,174 152,964

Hogs marketed last week averaged
227 lbs., comparing with 221 lbs. a
week ago, 214 lbs. a fortnight ago and
215 lbs. a year ago.

This is a severely cold Monday, and
while the live stock receipts are ex-
tremely large, cars are unloaded so
slowly that at a rather late hour no
cattle worth mentioning had been sold.
Traders were predicting a decline of
25c or more, or a fall of 500 from the
high time last week, on Wednesday.
Hogs started off at firm values, selling
at $6.60@7.15, while pigs were salable
at $5.25@7. The recent good shipping
demand is shown by the fact that last
week close to 43,000 hogs were ship-
ped from here, comparing with 38,627
a year ago. Bids for sheep and lambs
were considerably lower, but trade
was late in getting started. Prime
lambs sold to shippers up to $8.60.

Cattle were in much better general
demand last week, and prices were
headed upward, with sales advanced
25@50c above prices at the previous
week’s low level. The average quality
of the offerings was greatly improv-
ed, with a fine showing of holiday
beeves, many of which were prepared
with a view of exhibiting and compet-
ing for prizes in the Internatio-~al Live
Stock Exposition, which was abandon-
ed because of the quarantines all over
the country. Of course, it would not
be fair to assume that the advance
was anything like What the best sales
would indicate, no steers having been
sold during the previous week above
$10.80, but there were no such cattle
offered then as the Christmas steers
sold last week at $11@13. Choice
steers have been selling at $10.25@
11.25, good steers at $9.50 and up-
ward, medium class steers at $8.50@
9.45 and inferior to middling light-
weight steers at $5.75@8.45, the last
named including a good representa-
tion of warmed-up cattle. Handy lit-
tle yearlings were especially popular,
and the principal part of the holiday
cattle were of this class. few of them
averaging as much as 1,500 lbs. Butch-
ering cows and heifers failed to de-
velop such firmness as was seen for
steers of good quality, sales ranging
at $5@8.75, with sales of oanners and
cutters at $3.50@4.95, while bulls
brought $4.50@7.40. Calves suffered
further big breaks in prices under
larger offerings, with sales at $4.50@
9 for coarse heavy to prime light veal-
ers. The existing quarantine of a.
large part of the live stock received
made an irregular market, as. stock in
the quarantined division of the sto'ck
yards was not allowed to be shipped
from here. thus eliminating real com-
etition between buyers. Nor could
ve stock be shipped from here to

 

points where there is no federal in-
spection. Steer prices were some low-

.er~ Friday, ; and “ female, cattle had a

bad late break.

-Hogs recovered much of their re-
cent decline in prices that resulted
from the enormous receipts of the
previous week, and sales were made
far higher than the low day of that
week, when $7.05 was the top price.
Later there was a sharp break in val-
ues, due to larger receipts and lighter
shipping orders putting buyers in con-
trol. Recent receipts have been heav-
ier in weight than previously, the av-
erage weight being 221 lbs., or seven
pounds heavier than a week earlier.
Fresh pork continues to have a large
sale, being much cheaper than other
meats, and there is a fair trade in
cash lots of cured hog meats, although
consumption would be much greater
if prices were lowered in the retail
meat markets inaccordance with the
large decline that has taken place in
wholesale prices. On the first day of
the month stocks of provisions in the
five principal western packing cities
aggregated 138,807,000 lbs., comparing
with 131,667,870 lbs. a month earlier
and with 137,667,000 lbs. a year ear-
lier. Stocks of lard amounted to
about 31,000 tierces, comparing with
41,000 tierces a month earlier and with
90,000 tierces a year ago. After hogs
had boomed to a point where the best
brought $7.75 there were bad breaks
that left prices on Saturday at $6.65@
7.15, with prime light and medium
weights selling highest, while pigs
brought $5.50@6.75.

Sheep and lambs sell very high at
all times, even after sharp reductions
are made in prices. Because of the
extreme irregularity of the supplies,
there being alternately small and lib-
eral offerings, prices undergo extraor-
dinarily wide fluctuations, and sheep-
men sending in stock can never tell
what luck they will have when their
flocks reach the market. The lifting
of the quarantine over a large part of
the surrounding country brought in
quite a number of lambs and sheep
from Iowa and Wisconsin, and in too
many instances owners shipped flocks
that were poorly fattened, whereas
there should be an unwillingness to do
this in view of the great shortage in
feeding districts generally. Heavy
lambs are discriminated against and
go at quite a discount. At the week’s
close prices stood as follows; Lambs
$6.25@8.75; yearlings $6.25@7.75;
wethers $4.50@6.50; ewes $3.75@5.65;
bucks and stags $3.50@4.25. The
week’s receipts were very much less
than a week earlier and far below

those of a year ago. Prices for sheep‘

have not weakened materially, but
lambs have sold off sharply, top the
previous week being $9.50. Packers
claim they have lost big money on
lambs purchased a week earlier.

Horses adapted for army use contin-
ue in large demand for shipment to
France, Belgium and England at un-
changed prices, mounts going at $100
@135 each and artillery horses at $150
@175. Wagoners and expreSSers are
having a fair sale around $160@210,
and there is a small trade in drafters
at $215@285, few being offered or
wanted. Horses selling over $200 are
few, and drivers sell usually at $100@
200, inferior horses selling down to
$60@75.

 

CROP AND MARKET NOTES.

(Continued from page 563).

little surplus of corn. A great many
hogs have been shipped recently upon
the opening of the markets. The hog
market has declined about $3 per cwt.
during the past month owing to foot-
and-mouth disease and restricted mar-
kets. Hogs $5.50; fat cattle $6.50@7;
sheep $3.50@4; lambs $6; calves $7;
wheat $1.06; oats 450; corn 700 per
cwt; eggs 35c; butter 30c; chickens
90; turkeys 12@14c.

Wayne 00., Dec. 3.—Weather fine
but very dry, and many wells are go«
ing dry. Fall favorable for harvesting
the corn, which is yielding 30 to 50
bushels per acre. An unusually large
amount of fodder has been shredded
on account of a short hay crop. All
stock is doing well. This county has
not been struck by the foot and mouth
disease. Wheat and young clover are
in good shape. Farmers are about
through with fall work and some are
plowing for spring crops.

Kansas.

Smith 00., Dec. 4.—Weather is fine,
but we need rain. Potatoes were about
half a crop and are selling for 80c per
bushel. Corn is yielding from 10 to
40 bushels per acre. Live stock is in
good condition, and there is plenty of
feed for winter. Corn is worth 55c;
wheat 960; eggs 23c; butter 25c; ap-
ples $1@1.25 per bushel.

 

 

HOLSTEIN BREEDERS MEET.

The Central Michigan
Breeders' Association will hold their
sixth annual meeting at the Chamber
of Commerce rooms, Lansing, on Sat-
urday, December 19, 1914. '

 

Holstein .

 

 

 


 

 

one. 19, 1914.

THIS IS THE LAST EDITION.

 

In the first edition the Detroit Live
Stock Markets are reports of last
week; all other markets are right up
to date. Thursday's Detroit Live Stock
markets are given in the last edition.
The first edition is mailed Thursday,
the last edition Friday morning. The
first edition is mailed to those who
care more to get the paper early than
they do for Thursday’s Detroit Live
Stock market report. You may have
any edition desired. Subscribers may
change from one edition to another by
dropping us a card to that effect.

 

The State Live Stock Sanitary Com-
mission on December 16 raised the
quarantine on all townships in Mich-
igan, but since this order was issued
the ban has again been placed on a
few townships in Saginaw county and
they are now quarantined again. Live
stock from all other parts of Michigan
may now be unloaded in the Detroit
Stock Yards, providing, of course, that
the cars bear placards showing that
they have been cleaned and disinfect-
ed since November 5. This refers
only to live stock originating in the
state of Michigan for Detroit, and that
the federal quarantine against inter-
state shipments is still on. Also that
no live stock from Detroit stock yards
can go out except to packers and
butchers in Detroit. Live stock killed
direct to packing plants must be sent
there and not unloaded in stock yards.
There will be no market at these
yards Friday next, Christmas Day.
Anything arriving will be cared for,
but the scales will be closed and no
business will be done.

DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

‘ Thursday's Market.
December 17, 1914.
Cattle. .

Receipts 728. Market steady With
Wednesday; canners, bulls and Christ-
mas cattle same as last week; all oth-
er grades 10@150 lower. .

Best heavy steers $8@8.50: best
handy weight butcher steers $7@7.50;
mixed steers and heifers $6@6.50;
handy light butchers $5.75@6.25: light
butchers $5.50@6; best cows $5.75@
6.25; butcher cows $5.25@6; common
COWS $4.25@5; canners $3@4; best
heavy bulls $6@6.50; bologna bulls
$5.50@5.75.

Spicer & R. sold Rattkowsky 3 cows
av 1063 at $5.50, 2 do av 910 at $4.25;
to Breitenbeck 20 butchers av 1057
at $6.75.

Roe Com. Co. sold Rattkowsky 1
cow wgh 1090 at $5, 5 do av 850 at
$5.50, 2 heifers av 675 at $5, 4 cows
av 1150 at $5.50, 2 do av 1040 at $4.50,
3 do av 1000 at $5.50; to Kamman B.

 

 

» Co. 4 steers av 1050 at $7.50, 13 butch-

ers av 750 at $7: to Rattkowsky 2
cows av 900 at $5.50; to Sullivan P.
Co. 20 steers av 938 at $8.35, 21 do av
979 at $8.35; to Kamman B. Co. 4 do
av 1060 at $7.50, 13 butchers av 820
at $6.50: to Mason B. Co. 4 cows av
770 at $5.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 6 can-
ners av 908 at $4, 4 steers av 935 at
$7, 3 canners av 803 at $3.25, 4 do av
905 at $3.60; to Kull 14 steers av 1140
at $8.50, 1 do wgh 1320 at $8; to
Thompson Bros. 3 bulls av 1663 at
$6.40, 2 cows av 575 at $3.75; to Sul-
livan P. Co. 7 cows av 943 at $4, 4 do
av 955 at $4, 2 butchers av 795 at $6;
to Thompson Bros. 18 do av 773 at
$6.50; to Goose 1 bull wgh 1040 at
$5.25; to Applebaum 1 cow wgh 960
at $5, 2 do av 1180 at $6. .

Haley & M. sold Bresnahan 3 heif-
ers av 660 at $6, 4 do av 702 at $6.10:
to Wohlmer 2 steers av 1065 at $7.25,
1 do wgh 780 at $6: to Feldman 2
cows av 1115 at $5.15: to Sullivan P.
Co. 2 do av 855 at $3.50, 2 do av 1015
at $4; to Shaparo 2 butchers av 505
at $5.75, 11 cows av 1045 at $5.25: to
Hoffend 7 butchers av 620 at $5.25;
to Rattkowsky 2 cows av 1040 at
$4.85, 2 do av 1030 at $5.75, 4 doav
1050 at $5.05; to Resnick 1 bull wgh
1650 at $6.20, 1 cow wgh 810 at $3.60;
to Parker, W. & Co. 4 cows av 820 at
$4; to Rattkowsky 7 do av 1170 at
$5.75, 2 do av 1080 at $5; to Mason
B. Co. 2 steers av 955 at $7.25; to
Thompson Bros. 3 butchers av 690 at
$5, 15 do av 880 at $6; to Ratner 1
cow wgh 1060 at $4.75, 1 do wgh 1170
at $6.25; to Feldman 2 do av 1070 at
$5.50, 1 do wgh 1190 at $5; to Apple-
baum 2 heifers av 625 at $5.75; to
Resnick 2 cows av 1020 at $5.

One Christmas steer wgh 1240 lbs.
was sold to Thompson Bros. at $10.

Veal Calves.

Receipts 524. Market steady. Best
$9@9.50; others $6@8.50.

Bishop, B. & H-. sold Thompson
Bros. 2 av 130 at $7, 6 av 170 at $9.50;
to Mich. B. Co. 11 av 185 at $8.50; to
Sullivan P. Co. 2 av 170 at $9, 6 av
165 at $9; to Newton B. Co. 13 av
160 at $9, 2 av 180 at, $9.50, 4 av 155
at $8, 1 wgh 160 at $8: to Hammond,
S. & Co. 1 av 180‘ at $8.50, 12 av 150
at $8; to Rattkowsky 7 av 160 at
$8.50; to Applebaum 8 av 145 at 89.50;.

to Rattkowsky 9 av 165 at $9.50; to

Goose 4 av 180st $9, 1 wgh 140 at
$9.50.

a

'T H E 7.M~I.,c H1

Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts 5,567. Market steady with
Wednesday; 25@50c higher than last
week. Best lambs $8@8.25; fair do.
$7.50@7.75; light to common lambs,
$6.50@7; fair to good sheep $4.25@
4.75; culls and common $3@4.

Spicer & R. sold Parker, W. & Co.
17 lambs av 75 at $8; to Sullivan P.
Co. 32 do av 55 at $6.50, 13 do av 40
at $4.50.

Roe Com. Co. sold Barlage 21
lambs av 65 at $7.50, 34 do av 90 at
$7, 31 sheep av 120 at $4.25; to Sulli-
van P. Co. 44 do av 85 at $3.75, 82
lambs av. 75 at $7.50; to Newton B.
Co. 112 lambs av 75 at $7.85, 10 sheep
av 100 at $4.

85 Christmas lambs av. 86 lbs. were
sold to Mich. B. Co. at $8.60.

Hogs.

Receipts 11,581. Market steady;
$7.10 at the yards.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S.
& Co. 3150 av 200 at $7.10.

Roe Com. Co. sold Sullivan P. Co.
480 av 190 at $7.

Haley & M. sold Parker, W. & Co.
750 av 200 at $7.10.

7S116icer & R. sold same 465 av 200 at

The near approaches to foot-and-
mouth disease in Peoria, Illinois, has
spurred owners of distillery-fed cattle
at that point to hurry them on the
market, and cattle receipts in Chicago
have included a liberal representation
of these beeves. They were consign-
ed direct to a leading packing concern.

John McHugh, president of the First
National Bank of Sioux City, Iowa,
which is the recognized trade center
of northwestern Iowa, South Dakota,
northeastern Nebraska and southwest-
ern Minnesota, sums up the farming
situation briefly as follows: “Collec-
tions are reported to be improving,
and altogether there is a very notice-
able improvement in the general feel-
ing. It is estimated that fully 80 per
cent of the corn, which is the princi-
pal crop, is husked, and it is found
that the quality of the corn is much
better than last year. While the value
in the aggregate of our crops is higher
than a year ago, the price of corn is
about four cents a. bushel under a
year ago. Wheat is 19 cents higher
and oats 10 cents higher. There are
fully 25 per cent more hogs in this
section than at this time a year ago,
and while the price is slightly under
that of a year ago, it is expected that
the marketing will assume liberal pro-
portions from this time on.”

The recent rush upon the part of
stock feeders to market their hogs in-
dicates a lack of faith in the future
hog market, as the receipts in Chica-
go and other western markets have
been averaging much lighter in weight
than only a few weeks ago. In the
Chicago market unloading cars of
hogs under quarantine supervision
was slow work at best, and prices
have fluctuated wildly at times. While
the future course of the hog market
cannot be foretold, it would seem that
rushing light-weight hogs from heal-
thy districts to market at such a time
is not wise, and the older feeders, it is
observed, are holding back their pigs
and underweights. Of course, exist-
ing quarantines are a serious disturb«
ance to the hog market, as well as to
the other live stock markets, and it is
hoped by all that the foot-and-mouth
disease will be checked and stamped
out before much longer.

A RAZOR SNAP.

A new lot of Imported German
Razors at 45 cents while the supply
lasts, is now offered by the Michigan
Farmer.

The razors are made of the best
German steel, five-eighth inch blade,
and black handle. We will not say
just what these razors ordinarily re-
tail at, as prices on razors vary with
each dealer, but we have seen razors
no better sold at $1.25 and $1.50. \

Every man who shaves ought to
have at least three razors as it is a.
proven fact that giving a razor a rest
is beneficial to it, and here is your
opportunity to get a supply at very
little cost.

So, only while our present supply
lasts the price is 45 cents each, post-
paig, or a half-dozen at $2.00, post-
pai .

 

. A Strep Bargain, Too.

We also have a quantity of Zig-Zag
All-in-One razor strops that dealers
sold at 60c each. These strops are
made of finest horsehide leather and
one side is treated with All-in-One
solution which makes it possible to
put a hair-splitting edge on the dull-
est razor. It combines the strop and
hone in one.

The special prize on the strop
alone, while the supply lasts, will be
25 cents, postpaid, but if ordered to-
gether with one of the above razors
the price of both will be only 65 cents
postpaid, or $1.00 with the Michigan
Farmer one year; $1.50 for three years
and "$2.00 for five years.

This would make a nice Christmas
present, worth double the cost.

 

G A N F A R M E R
LIVE STOCK NEWS.

Stockmen throughout the country
who have been fattening cattle, hogs
and sheep for the International Live
Stock Exposition, were greatly disap-
pointed when the foot-and-mouth dis-
ease broke out and rendered it neces-
sary to abandon giving the great stock
show this year. All hope of selling
much stock at high prices was at an
end to say nothing of winning prizes.
Ahnormal conditions affecting live
stock interests throughout a large part
of the country have caused enormous
losses to owners and to a great extent
stopped marketing of cattle, hogs and
sheep at Chicago and other leading
packing centers. Quarantines have
been maintained at many places, and
even where it is possible to ship ma-
tured stock to market, many owners
prefer to wait until normal conditions
are restored before making shipments.
Generally, the foot-and-mouth disease
appears to be under control, and it is
believed that before long all restric-
tions on the movement of live stock
will be wholly removed.

Thomas Tipton has returned from
an extensive trip through the west,
and reports that the corn crop of
South Dakota is generally good, some
yields having averaged from 20 to 40
bushels to the acre, and the crop is
exceptionally good in quality. In Ne-
braska and western Iowa, the dry
weather has blighted the growth of
the corn crop to some extent, he says,
and there are not a great many cattle
on feed, as farmers who have not yet
invested in feeder stock are inclined
to be skeptical, owing to the foot-and-
mouth disease.

John H. Weaver, of Iroquois county,
Illinois, marketed in Chicago recently
12 carloads of choice yearling wethers
that averaged about 88 lbs. at $7.60
per 100 lbs. They were purchased by
Mr. Weaver in Chicago late last Sep-
tember at a cost of $6.25, averaging at
that time 68 lbs. They made gains of
20 lbs. each during a period of 50
days’ feeding.

 

 

 

 

 

Michigan Horse Breeders’

ANNUAL SHOW
and SALE

EAST LANSING,

JANUARY 13-15, 1915

Auction Sale in Stock Judging Pavilion
Agricultural Building, Jan. 15, 9 am.

From 25 to 30 head of pure
bred horses will be sold, consist-
ing largely of Percherons, from
weanling colts to six year old
stallions and mares. Also a few
Belgians and Clydesdales and
several high grade draft colts.

For full particulars write

ll. 3. HUDSON, Soc, Easl loosing, Mich.
_

Farmsond Farm Lands For Sale

Good Farms Around Lansmg,,:£§.,}2:93,J;:§:,‘§g
J. D. TOWAR. East Lansing, Michigan.

 

 

MICHIGAN FARMING LANDS

Near Saginaw and’Bsy City, in Gladwin and Midland
Counties. Low prices: Ens terms: Clear title. Write
for maps and articulate TAFFELD BROTHERS.
l5 Merrill Bu Idlng. Saginaw. (W. 8.). Michigan.

FOR SALE-In .h... .. M 320 ....
Good II bniIdl df southfrn Miiohlgan farm.
so 11 an encee. mmed ate oseees‘ .

o. s. seizures . 214 Dewey Ave.. swis'iwale. ‘33.
No reasonable ofier refueedto

EXECUTORS SAL close up estate. 600 acres land.

200 acres timber. OOcows, 5 horses, 50 sheep, l0 barns, 3 silos,
wagons. harness, low. 3 houses. Ask for catalog No. 216.
Price lowered to 4,000 for all. Get posted on this great
bargain. Hall's Farm Agency, OWego, Tioga Co., New York,

—97 Acres in Shlawaseee

For sale By owner 00., 75 acres, level, pro-
ductive soil, remainder good pasture land. Buildin ,
9-room frame house one barn foot. square, w ll
house 1&0 sheep. also large stock and grain barn.
Other necessary buildln s. Good orchard. This
form. looonvenlently an pleasant! located mak-
ing it especially desirable. S. . HOLT. 108
nth Sycamore Street. Lansing. Michigan.

 

 

 

 

ILLINOIS FARM BARGAINS

FOR SALE OR RENT—200 acre farm near Marion. 3
city of 10,000 population. Will give the ri ht man a
smashing g . For Sale—1m acre arm near
West Fran fort. Franklin County.
erms: 31000 cash: balance very easy.

mgfls‘geéeo acre farmrnenr Lena. Ste anion County
— per-ore— erms:8150i)ons. annoeeas.
FRANK P. CLEVELAND, Owner, Marion. mined.

Price 840 per

25—565

Healthy (laws All
The Year llound!

A natural food that strengthens and
builds up is far better than any kind
of tonic or medicine for animals, as
well as for men. Scientists have
proved that this new food increases
the value of any kind of feed, when
mixed with it.

Buckeye Feeding Molasses

helps make more milk, and keeps
your cows in good condition. It is
also a good fattener for beef cattle.

—-Buckeye Feedin
W Molasses is relish
by horses. It. keeps their stomachs in
meat condition, aids digestion and

'des saving feed, prevents kidney
diseases, colds, etc.

‘ -—Will keep your flock
For Shee healthy and well'
adds weight and makes finer woo
and more of it.

For Marxism:

profits in pork.

GENTS a gallon f. o. b.
Detroit, or 17 cents
freight paid to any

point in the U. S.

a big

 

 

Our Free Trial tiller:

Send this coupon today and get on!
test proposition.

W. II. EDGAR & SON.
1242 Lafayette Blvd.. :-: Detroit, Mich.

- - - - — - '— - -
W. H. EDGAR e SON.
1242 Lafayette Blvd, Detroit. Mich.

I hgva ..................... head of cattle ..................

sheep .................. hogs and ................... horses,
Send me your trial proposition to prove
that. Buckeye Feeding Molasses will benefit
all of them.

Name ......................................... B. F. D.. .........

 

    
  
 
 

 

 

  

, .
of M 0V E TO MARY LAN D
The State for Thrifty Farmers. Delightful, healthy
\ climate. Land, Reasonable rices. Close to big

-. markets of lar e cities of the rest. Send forfree
descriptive oklet & mag.

STATE BUREA_U_O IMMIGRATION,

65 Hoffman Bmldmg. Baltimore, Md.

 

 

 

DELAWARE FARMS

Fruit, live stock. alfalfa. Best land near beet markets.
Address, State Board of Agriculture, Dover, Delaware

 

RABBITS Our Present Specialties
TURKEYS Rush consignments forward
DUCKS by express. Prompt sales
GEESE and quick returns assured
CHICKENS by our 26 years in one store.
llOGS CHAS. W. RUDD 8:. SUN,

VEAL, ETC. Commission Merchants, Detroit.

snip your Hay in Pittsburgh andio
I
Oamol McOIllrey Sons Company
Pittsburgh. Pa.
Bet—any bank or Mercantile Agency.
I
Our 20 Years Experience.
Handlln Poultry Calves, Pork, Wild Rabbits, Butter.
Etggs an General Produce in this market should be
0 value to you. Best rices. Honest. treatment. .

NAUMANN C MMISSION C0.
Eastern Market. :-: Detroit. Michigan

 

 

' Wholesale Commission House.
anus, FNllfl" con Detroit. Want. your apples,
potatoes, poultry and rabbits. Quick returns.

—We are a ing five to ei ht cents above
FARMERS highest Bmycrar Detroit fiuuket quota-
tion for newlnid eggs shipped direct to us by express.

W rite us for Information. It will pay you. American
Butter 5: Cheese 60., “43 Griswold 51., Detroit,Mich.

on" FM ...., .......

Write us before selling elsewhere. CAMPBEL
BBO‘S. 00.. 245 Napoleon St., Detroit. M101}:
Consign to

POTATOES—HA anemones:

Detroit. 21 years in bul’ ‘ “a. Reference your Banker.

BUY FEED-CAR LOT °°“°"

seed-—
Oll Mod. Hominy. Gluten etc. Save mono . Ask
price. J. 1:. Bartlett 00.. had Mill. Jack-on}: Hich.

 

 

For Butter, Eggs, Poultryfialves,

—More MoneyT if you

 

 

 

SP—EOIAL FABI SALE

pntonthemarketseveralhnndredecrecofonrl‘nrm,

so agafiwfiimm in th south fli Gulf
m 9 near e
Grog, From "1de men “omega”. 0
mm el for Poultry and Stock Raising.
j Delightful Climate, P‘h altitude, stimulant r
s, churches and railroad facili

We make special low prise in blocks of

monnunleetothnuwh Wanton“.

E

Fruit. Fly, Strawberries. Grapes,
no irrigating; two and three crops can be grown enmi-

es.

rtunltieo for the Farmer, Fruit Bauer ' .

acres or $021.34“ next a? do and allow Mrgfla’ml per
g I .

MILLS FARM 00. (Mom Agency). ROSE HILL.

atriptothefluuooutandmethegrentoppo

Flne Farm and Fruit Lands
Prlce Sis Per Acre for 60 Days

Garden and Fruit Lands, in looks
Excellent lands for all kinds of Form and Gang:
Pom etc” allo fine oppor-

descrlptlon. location anni'lilloto-v
C I

 


 

566-26 “
F‘ lllllllllllllllllllllllIIlllllllllHlHllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IllIIIHIIIIHHIIHHIIIIHIIHllllllfllllllllflllm ;

Farmers’ Clubs;

‘ lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIHII|IIllIllllllllllll|Ill|IIHIIIIIHINIIUIIIIIE

Address all communications relative
to the organization of new Clubs to
Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.

THE ASSOCIATIONAL MEETING.

“fl

lllllml

EllHifllllmllfllllllllllll

 

 

(Continued from last week).
President McBride’s Address.
“As civilization increases, we farm-
ers come in contact at more points
than ever before. Our interests are
along the line of our business rela-
tions with the whole modern indus-
trial system. We are partners in the
great structure of exchange or com-
merce, and to a great extent silent

partners.

“This condition arises out of the
fact that farming originally was sim-
ply a manner of living and the farm-
er figured little in exchanges. A rep-
resentative of a family reared 60 years
ago told me their total cash outlay
did not exceed $15 for the entire fam-
ily annually. We have expressions
now nearly obsolete, describing these
conditions, like ‘home-made goods,’
‘store clothes,’ etc. The phrase ‘hired
man’ came into use in the north, as
an evidence of luxury for the persons
that could afford to have work done
and pay for it, and in the south, more
particularly to distinguish free labor
from slave labor. There are occasion-
al mountaineers who are still of the
type of the original farmer. Their
own fields supply their personal
needs; the women weave, the men
tan. These people are independent
farmers who do not figure in the eco-
nomic life of the world.

Regulate Prices.

“The soil products of the United
States are the greatest tonnage pro-
ducers of the railroads. Abundant
crops are what crank up the whole
industrial machinery. The entire in-
dustrial world awaits the impetus of
agriculture. Yet when agriculture be-
came basic or fundamental of industry
the farmers’ products were not in-
ventoried at cost, with profit added.
In fact, the producer had little to say
about prices, whereas manufactured
goods were based on cost of labor
and raw material, and transportation
had elaborate systems of cost per mile

and ton. In the course of time
manufacturers sought governmental
sanction, in limiting competition by

tariff schedules, and further limiting
it by stupendous combinations of
capital called corporations, and these
into trusts.

“Gentlemen’s' agreements and hold-
ing companies, supply and demand,
we were told was what regulated
farm prices, but manufacturers and
railroads, like the boy and the apple
core, found there was no such laws.

“Agriculture, while subduing the
middle west, and west, building homes
and during the first portion of the
period, largely without machinery;
had on the whole been without ef-
fective organization. Father Kelly
saw the need of some organization,
and the Grange for a time had mar-
velous growth. Grange stores and
co-operative organizations had a won-
derful impetus, and then receded al-
most to the vanishing point. Mont-
gomery Ward was the original Grange
supply house, but he soon found the
field too limited, and became the
great mail order house. This bit of
information is of importance because
Ward says that a common interest of
farmers could not be limited to one
organization. The Farmers’ Alliance,
Farmers’ Union, Society of Equity and
various other agricultural organiza-
tions flourished and failed. The agri-
cultural organizations that succeeded
became more fraternal and social and
less economic. .

' ‘Strlndent Trade Laws.

“To'the student of history of Amer-
ican agriculture, the weakness of

 

T H E MIC H m A‘N FA R MER, ; ‘

their economic organization will not
be so mystifying when it is seen that
co-operation was sought, largely as an
end, instead of a means to an end.

“In Denmark is the most conspicu-
out example of co-operation. The
production of butter, bacon and eggs
co-operatively is really a manufactur-
ing business. Grains are imported
and bought co-operatively. If Den-
mark were a grain exporting country
the story of co-operation would be
different. It is of interest to know
that co-operation in Denmark led up
to the inost stringent trade laws. In
other words, co-operation was not a
remedy until statutory enactment in
regard to price making was given to
the co-operators or individuals.

“The Danish law approved by King
Christian X, June 8, 1912, is lengthy,
but a part of it reads: ‘It is also for-
bidden to sell or offer for sale goods
in original wrappers from producers
and jobbers upon which their fixed
prices for the retail trade have been
indicated, unless the sale is the kind
mentioned in section six, or unless the
permission of the producer or jobber
or other sanction equal thereto has
been granted.”

“The minister of commerce and of
navigation is authorized to stipulate
in conjunction with the chief organ-
izations of Danish commerce, indus-
try and trade that certain articles in
the retail sales may be sold or offered
for sale only in prescribed units in
number, measure and weight or with
an indication placed upon the article
or its wrapper of number, measure
and weight and a statement as to the
place of the article’s production.

“Without‘ this price—fixing by law the
producer and consumer are levied
upon for uneconomic service forced
upon industry by too many trades-
men.

German Empire.

“The whole world wonders and ad-
mires the stupendous resources of the
German empire. If we were to crowd
the population of the _United States
east of the Mississippi in about four-
fifths of the area of Texas, and had
on that area practically doubled every
farm product in the last 20 years; in
the meantime became also one of the
foremost nations in manufacturing and
with a peerless military and naval
equipment, we may still more wonder
and look for the cause.

The German empire is without a
parallel in industry, and when shorn
of militancy will be even greater. Ag—
riculture in the German empire gets
65 per cent off the consumer, while
the United States gets but 25 per
cent. In the German empire there are
24 states, and these subdivided into
provinces not much larger than our
counties. In each county there is an
agricultural chamber of commerce;
these local chambers select delegates
to the national chamber or land werth
schoftsfrat. These bodies have a le-
gal standing and can initiate or criti-
cize measures relating to agriculture.

“The German laws recognize the
price making features of producers,
and enforces price making as well as
commodity fee participation. In ex-
planation of the last used term you
will doubtless remember the diplo-
matic episode of the potash syndi-
cate case. Independent potash pro-
ducers that are not members of the
Kali Syndicate contracted potash to
the American fertilizer manufactur-
ers at a price below that fixed by
the syndicate, and also refused to
pay the small fees per bag or kilo
of goods sold. All the diplomatic
power of the United States was used
to enforce this cut rate contract.

“The German government declared
that it was against their established
policy to allbw what is called de-
structive competition, or price—lower-
ing that works an injury to the gen-
eral good; and also against public
policy to allow a tax or fee to be
used by part of an industry to "pro-
mote trade, and others who refused

to co-operate or finance the props.-
ganda to participate in the benefits
of such trade promotion;

“Let me illustrate the weakness of
American co-operation as compared
to the German potash incident just
related. Several years ago, when the
bean market was well night demoral-
ized, an effort was made to sustain
the market by dealers, who arranged
to take an hundred cars off the mar-
ket at a small advance. The smaller
elevators, including co-operatives, be-
gan crowding their product and even
under-quoting the established price,
and again lowered the price to the
producer.

“The remark is often made ‘if far-
mers only would stand together,’ etc.
The continental idea is that when the
government has approved the plans
made for commercial interests that
they must stand together. The Eu-
ropean or continental view is that
the producer is continuously in the
industry, and that the sale of some
unit of his product does not permit
that unit to be used to the detri-
ment of the producer or producers of
that particular line.

Bad Economists.

“The American View, as laid down
by the courts, is that when the pro-
ducer has parted with some unit of
his produce he has no further in-
terest in this particular unit, even
though used to his destruction as its
producer. Our judiciary are notor«
iously bad economists, and the legal
profession have lived in the past off
the differences of others.

“The great manufacturing indus~
tries have asked governmental aid in
prevention of destructive competition,
and rejected the idea of co-operation
in mutual associations; and formed
combinations or trusts, and' do just
what the small co-operator would do,
viz., compel unity of action and main.
tain prices. It would be humorous if
not pathetic, to see the sublime faith
of those who urge co-operation as a
remedy, when railroads, manufactur-
ers and European agriculture has
tried it, only to find it inadequate, and
have sought or been compelled to
have stronger bonds of union to suc-
ceed.

“There is a discarded economic fal-
lacy, viz., that supply and demand
fix prices. In fact, supply and de-
mand are but different views of the
same thing. This senseless saying in
regard to supply and demand has
often been the expression of mental
inertia, which found it easier to re-
peat the adage than to think. Co-
operation as an end has been the little
world surrounded by our own horizon.
When we take the Wider View we find
that We must not only co-operate with
our class, but with every other line of
prdouctive interest. Class co-opera-
tion, limited to our own line, fails in
realization and must be considered as
simply a larger unit for co-operation
with other larger units. When this is
recognized then we have to invoke
governmental action, as in Europe.

“God has given us a wonderful
country, and we must learn to use
our opportunities, not selfishly, but
for all. To co-operate with all under
adequate and ethical rules prescribed
by law has succeeded, where class co-
operation has failed.”

Secretary’s Report.

Another year has rolled into eter-
nity and again we are assembled in
our annual" meeting, joyfully greeting
the old friends and bidding the new
ones a hearty welcome.

The Farmers’ Club is not a new in-
stitution. lngham County Club has
been in continuous existence nearly
43 years, Columbia 34 years, closely
followed by Ceresco, Norvell, Burton,
East Arlington, Essex, Grass Lake,
Maple River, Lenox and Chesterfield,
Saline, and others, all over 25 years
old. ‘

These local Clubs while doing ex-
cellent work in their respective com-
munities realized the urgent need of

one. is, 19136

organized united. efldi'ft'and in 1394a
meeting was held in this room'for the
purpose. of affecting a permanent or-
ganization. At this meeting 22 Clubs
were represented by 35 delegates,
who most efficiently laid the founda-
tion of our present State Association,
universally regarded as one of the
great factors in Michigan’s rural de-
velopment.

In the 20 years there have been 17

associational presidents, 15 of whom ’

are living and several present with
us today.

William Ball, the father of Miss
Julia Ball, and A. 0. Bird have passed
to the great beyond.

The Association has always taken
a firm stand in favor of temperance
and general progress, and as firmly
opposed graft and trickery of all
kinds. Its motto, “The skillful hand
with cultured mind is the farmer’s
most valuable asset,” is Well worth
the serious consideration of every Am-
erican citizen.

American farmers are certainly
blest with peace and prosperity while
their European brothers are suffering
the horrors of war and famine, and it
seems very fitting for us to celebrate
this anniversary in planning a more
strenuous campaign in Club extension
for future years.

Many requests for copies of consti-
tution and by-laws, and information on
organizing local Clubs have been re-
ceived and we note with pleasure the
increasing p0pularity of Farmers’
Clubs as social, co-operative, and edu-
cational factors of rural development.

The correspondence of the past
year has been specially pleasant as
your secretary thoroughly enjoys her
“mail order” acquaintances and hopes
to continue them as friendly corres-
pondents.

Various» requests ranging from trac-
ing lost relatives 'to “How to organize
a cemetery association,” have been re-
ceived and answered to the best of
her ability.

The new financial basis, while not
oppressive, seems very satisfactory
and will probably prove adequate for
all associational needs.

Last year we reported 120 Clubs
representing 35 counties and gladly
add the following 11 organized in
1914: '

Wells and Dayton, Tuscola county;
Vi'est Otisco, Ionia county; Watson
Road, Osceola county; Sherman, Isa-
bella county; Pine Lake, Barry coun-
ty; Lone Tree, Traverse county; Hal-
ton, Isabella county; East Nankin,
Wayne county; Colfax, Oceana coun-
ty; Bruce, Macomb county; South N0-
vesta, Tuscola county, making a total
of 131 Clubs representing 38 counties.
Jackson county leads with ten, closely
followed by Shiawassee, Livingston
and Oakland, nine each, Calhoun, Clin-
ton and Isabella six each. Ceresco
has the largest enrollment to date,
200, and Orleans the highest average
attendance, 125. Bruce, East Nankin
and West Otisco have already joined
the State Association and we trust
the others will soon do so.

South Leoni has been absorbed in
the Grange. Oxford had a bad relapse
and your secretary has failed in all
attempts to reach the following Clubs:

Bangor Center and Black River,
Van Buren county; Blissfield, Lena-
wee county; Central, Ionia county;
Climax, Kalamazoo county; County
Line, Osceola county; Eckford, Cal-
houn county; Green Oak, Hamburg
and Putnam, Livingston county; Lib<
erty, Jackson county; Leima and Vi-
cinity and Western Washtenaw,
Washtenaw couney; Progressive, Ma-
son county; Riley, Clinton county;
Sherman, Newaygo county; Standish,
Arenac county; Union of Mussey, St.
Clair county; Webtster and White
Lake, Oakland county; West Haven,
Shiawassee county; 'Wexford Boys’
Agricultural Club, I Wexford County;
Watervliet, VBerrien“ county; Washing-
ton, Maconib- county." "' ‘

(Continued seat week).

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

one. to, 1914.

NOTHER busy and history-mak-
ing meeting of the State
Grange opened Tuesday morn-

ing, December 8, at Battle Creek. Af-
ter going through the formalities of
opening in the fifth'degree and short-
ly afterwards closing in that degree
and opening in the fourth degree, the
Grangers were welcomed to Battle
Creek by two members of the Board
of Commerce and Mr. Miller, Master
of the Calhoun Pomona Grange. This
was responded to in a very eloquent
manner by N. P. Hull. The session
not having opened till 100 a. m., the
morning was fully occupied by these
addresses.
The Master’s Address.

A most pleasing feature of the Tues-
day afternoon sessiOn was the annual
address of the Worthy Master. Mr.
Ketcham is well known throughout
the state for his oratorical ability, and
his forceful manner of presenting
practical questions. In an introduc-
tory way he said that the commit-
tees he would appoint would bring
out many of the numerous questions
in which the Grange was interested,
therefore, he would consider only the
more prominent ones. In speaking on
the matter of co-operation, he said
that this long discussed subject was
becoming more popular every day, and
that successful examples of co—opera-
tive work were becoming more nu-
merous. Of the suCCessful co-opera-
tive enterprises in Michigan he men-
tioned those of Scotts and Vicksburg,
organized under the Rochdale plan,
the Litchfield co-operative creamery
and the Mosherville and Homer co-op-
erative stock shipping associations.
Of co-operative work among Granges
he mentioned the organization formed
by Acme, Camden, Austin and
Montgomery Granges in Hillsdale
county for the purpose of co-operative
buying and selling. The Hiawatha
Grange, of Schoolcraft, is also carry-
ing on successful co-operative work.

Good Reads.

In speaking of the good roads ques-
tion, Mr. Ketcham said it was one of
very great economic importance, as
the expenditures on road work involve
the sum of $17.39 per capita per year.
The United States is much in need of
good roads when compared with Eu-
ropean countries. The cost of a wag-
on mile in France is only 10 cents,
while in the United States it amount-
ed to 23 cents. The popularity and,
extensiveness of the rural free deliv-
ery alone make it necessary to have
good roads in this country. There are
approximately 40,000 rural carriers in
this country. For the purpose of fi-
nancing the building of good roads,
Mr. Ketcham urged the “pay as you
go” plan, as the bonding system often
costs as much in interest, as the
amount put on building the made.
There is too much spent at present for
administrative purposes and not
enough of the'funds for good work go
for actual road improvement. Busi-
ness roads should be built first, and
the roads for pleasure purposes should
not be considered at this time. Farm-
ers market roads are more import-
ant and of more economic value than
those for touring and sight-seeing pur-
poses.

Separating State and County Taxes.
0n the subject of taxation the Mas-

. ter spoke of the present tendency of

separating the state and county taxes.
While to many it seemed folly for the
state to collect taxes from the coun-
ties and then'turn back 93 per cent, it
would strike a body blow to the rural
schools of many sections of the state
to do away with the present system of
tax collecting. The saving of time
and trouble by. separating the taxes
would be a small factor when compar?
ed to the harm done the rural schools.
In many sections it would mean the
cutting down, of. thesc'hool year, and

in some districts the entire closing of

y"

THE MICHIGAN FARMER

Annual State Grange Meeting

the schools. Under the present ar-
rangements some of the rural coun-
ties get more primary school money
than they pay in state taxes. As a
matter of illustration, Alcona and Os-
ceola counties were mentioned. In“ Al-
cona county the state taxes in 1914
amounted to $6,920, while the amount

'of primary money they received was

$14,432; in Osceola county the state
tax was $20,576 and the amount re-
ceived from the primary fund $40,-
207. While such counties may seem
to be getting an undue amount of pri-
mary funds, they get therefrom means
to furnish children of the counties an
education that cannot but help being
a benefit to the county and the ,state
as a whole.
Advocates the Peace Program.

The question of increased military
power is a vital one at present in
Washington. Due to the condition of
affairs in Europe, many cases of emer-
gency. Mr. Ketcham expressed the
sentiments of the Grange when he ad-
vocated peace and the development of
general welfare instead of militarism.
He asked the following question which
should be given due consideration by
all: “Is it a higher order of patriot-
ism to advocate the building of dread-
naughts costing $15,000,000 each to
hover helplessly near the home shores
in terror of submarines and aero-
planes than to urge the equal sum for
the building and maintenance of
roads?” This is a question of some
importance, as three-fifths of the gov-
ernment expense is for army and navy
purposes. This amount expended for
peaceful purposes would be of great
value to the country.

In speaking of the legislative pro-
gram the Grange advocated, he sug-
gested the obtaining of liberal appro-
priations for M. A. C., laws passed to
make the Smith Lever bill effective
for Michigan, the amending and
strengthening of a primary law, the
guarantee of deposits in banks, regu-
lation for the galvanizing of wire
fence and a provision by the Legisla-
ture for a market commission for
Michigan.

Organization to Solve Rural Problems.

After giving a'short but interesting
report of the National Grange meeting
and saying a few impressive words
with reference to the brothers and sis-
ters who have passed beyond, Mr.
Ketcham concluded by saying that
there was a great development of in-
terest and sympathy for country life
by the country in general, that the
changes in‘the laws with reference to
elections in the way of direct primar-
ies, initiative and referendum, etc.,
brought the responsibility of the gov-
ernment closer to the farmer. He
urged the conservation of our food
supply on account of the great waste
which is now going on in Europe.
On account of the rapid development
of the rural problems, it is through or-
ganization only that they can be solv-
ed. With all these problems arising
and a large amount of work necessary
for their solution, there is no doubt
but that the day of opportunity for the
Grange has come. Master Ketcham
closed with the hope that all would go
home with admiration for the Grange,
and added inspiration and courage for
its work.

Tuesday evening the Master ap-
pointed the various committees, after
which the session was addressed by
D. E. McClure, Assistant Secretary of
the State Board of Health. He told
of the work of the health department,
and urged the co-operation of the cit-
izens of the state in the general pres-
ervation of public health. A very ex-
cellent exemplification of the third de-
gree by the Charlotte .ladies’ degree
team followed this address. The ex-
cellent work of these ladies caused
much applause and favorable com-

ment from allpresent. This was fair

lowed by a very nicely given drill by
twelve ladies of the Sturgis Grange.
(Continued next week).

THE GRANGE THAT PAYS ITS
WAY.

 

(Continued from last week).

Let us consider for a moment the
history of our Order in Michigan.
There was a time when we grew very
slowly. By and by Brother Horton
came along with his system of trade
contracts. It came after the Patrons
of Industry had failed to make their
plan of economical buying work out.
It was something new, it worked, and
so the Order came to have a new line
of interest. A little later, the matter
of Grange insurance came up. Do you
remember how the Order grew then?
I recall getting a letter from Sister
Buell at that time in which she said,
“We have one new Grange for every
day this month.” .

It was easy to organize Granges
then, because in the public mind had
come a vision of Grange possibility,
and men and women came together to
bring it to pass. Then came the
struggle for primary reform. Along
with that came the efforts of the sup-
ervision department for better degree
work and more effective Grange work
in each line. All these things helped
because they were incentives to great-
er action on the part of the members.
We need a revival of Grange interest
just now. The past year has been a
good one in the Grange field but next
year should be better. I repeat, we
need a Grange revival, but it must be
more than simply the securing of
members. It must come from a con-
sciousness of work that needs doing.
There must be an awakening of the
public mind along distinct lines of
public betterment. In other words,
the Grange must "find just as many
great and good things to do as possi-
ble, and officers, deputies and mem-
bers generally must be alive through
and through with inspiration along
these new and useful lines of Grange
effort.

But while we are in search of
“something new and better,” may we
not forget the importance of the com-
mon, everyday duties we owe to our
Grange if it is to do its part. Let us
plan to attend the meetings regularly,
let us assist in creating a sentiment
for better degree work. Let us help
the lecturer to make each meeting so
full of good for all that no one will
ever feel that the effort is not worth
while. Let us strengthen all lines of
our work while we keep ever on the
lookout for new interests, and our
Grange will pay its way.

W. F. TAYLOR.

OFFICERS OF STATE GRANGE
FOR 1915.

 

The following were elected at the
annual meeting of the State Grange
at Battle Creek, to fill the offices for
the ensuing year:

Master, John C. Ketcham, Hastings,
re-elected; overseer, C. H. Bramble,
Tecumseh; lecturer, Dora H. Stock-
man, Lansing; steward, T. E. Niles,
Mancelona, re—elected; assistant stew-
ard, W. H. Lovejoy, Owosso; chaplain,
Mrs. O J. C. Woodman, Paw-Paw, re-
electedp treasurer, Frank Coward,
Bronson, re-elected; secretary, Jennie
Buell, Ann Arbor; gate keeper, Peter
Klees, Montcalm county; Pomona, Jen-
nie Black,'Charlevoix; Flora, Mrs. C.
H. Anderson, L’Anse, re—elected;
Ceres, Mrs. Lucy Corliss, Coldwater;
lady assistant steward, Mrs. W. H.
Lovejoy, Owosso; executive commit-
tee, C. S. Bartlett, Pontiac, re-elected,
J. B. Horton, Fruit Ridge, re—elected,
J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W. F. Tay-
lor, Shelby, re-elected. '

Muskegon was chosen as the place
for the next annual meeting. Other
cities which invited the Grange for next
year were Alpena, Grand Rapids, Jack-
son and Lansing.

 

27—567.

Buy Roofingat Wholesale
4 Direct from the Mill \

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Our exclusive process gives
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Our Guarantee insures your etting
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118.

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Send. us lyour name on a post card. We
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instructions for measuring and. apply-
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The Ohio Galvanizing & Mfg. Co.
41 Ann 8L, Niles, Ohio

 

 

 

 

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this yourself. Manure spreading time is all the
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I under recolv choTwr 5‘25 Assure 5(1):: 1 nfingdmoro flit:

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the

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Wm. Galloway. Pres.
Wm. Galloway Co.
189 Way Ste.- mleflee. Iowa

 

 

LETZ Self Sharpening MILL
Grinds 1000103000 Bus. per

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Save Work,
Tlme, Money

 
 
  

saves high lifting, lighten
draft, don’t rut roads. Spokes
don’t loosen—wheels don't dry out or rot.
Write for free book on Wagons and Wheels.

Electric Wheel Co" 35 [In Street. Quincy. Ill.

FERTILIZER AGENTS ATTENTION

If you are at present selling over fifty tons of
fertilizer annua ly, we have a reposition to offer
you to repoeent us as County sent. This would
allow you to place agents In sections of your county
that you do not cover. We are the Largest In-
dependent Manufacturers in the United States.
Address. P. 0. Box 251. Saginaw. Hickman

THE MICHIGAN FARMER
and DETROIT FREE PRESS

Both one $2.50

year only

The Michigan Farmer the y...
The New York (Me-k) World a... You

Both for only 5|.20.‘

The New York World comes to you three times
each week thus giving you practically a New
York daily. The New York World is unexoelleo
as a newspaper and will keep you posted on thd
news of the world. Send all orders to

THE MICHIGAN PARKER. Detroit. Mich.

   
   

 

 

 

 


 

 

THE 'MIC,HIGAN FARMAER,

one. 19. 1914.

 

568—28;
glillllillllilllliilllIIIllililllillllllillilllIlilllllllIllillllllillilllllillIlllllllllllIliilllIlllllllllllllllliillilg
8 ° .
:5. l’ eterinaty. '
E s
lilliIllillllllllllililllllllilllIllllllllilllilIllIlllllllllilllilllllllllllilllllIlllilllllIlllIlllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIII

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.

Advice through this department is
free to our subscribers. Each com-
munication should state history and
symptoms of the case in full; also
name and address of writer. Initials
only will be published. Many quer-
ies are answered that apply to the
same ailments. If this column is
watched carefully you will probably
find the desired information in a re-
ply that has been made to someone
else. When reply by mail is request-
ed. it becomes private practice, and a
fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.

Chronic Sore Eyes—Our local Vet.
has been treating my young mare for
sore eyes for some time but she shows
little or no improvement and eyes are
not clear. S. C. B., Bay Port, Mich.—
Dissolve 40 grs. borate soda and 40
grs. boracic acid in 4 ozs. of water and
apply to eyes twice a day. Give her
2 drs. Donovan’s solution at a dose in
feed three times a day.

Sprained Back—Can you tell me
what to do for a cow with weak back?
She is only three years old and is due
to freshen some time next January.
C. & V., East Jordan, Mich—Apply
equal parts turpentine, aqua ammonia
and raw linseed oil to back three
times a week. Give her 1/2 oz. ground
gentian and 1 oz. ginger in each feed.

Diseased Bone—We have a three-
year-old Holstein cow which was hook-
ed by another cow, injuring jaw bone.
This bunch opened and appears to be
slow in healing, at times considerable
pus comes from it. W. C. S., Allegan,
Mich.—There is perhaps a splinter of
bone of jaw which should be removed
and the rough sharp edges of fractur-
ed bone scraped off, then apply one
part carbolic acid and 20 parts water
to sore twice daily and it will heal.

Hard Milken—4 wish you would tell
readers Of the Michigan Farmer how
I made milking easier in my Holstein
cow, simply by gently rubbing end of
teat with fine sandpaper a few times.
No name or address came with this
letter. For the benefit of dairymen
who might try it, avoid making end
of teat sore or raw, or you may make
bad worse—Ed.

Nasal Catarrh.——Nearly all of my
lambs have discharged some mucus
from nose and some of them cough,
but they eat good. S. A. W., Clar-
ence, Mich—Mix equal parts of salt.
ginger, gentian, cooking soda and
charcoal and give each lamb half a
teaspoonful at a dose in feed twice
daily. Increase their grain ration.

Unthrifty Pigs—I have 23 fall pigs
12 weeks old that are not doing well:
they act ravenous, but do not eat
much: bloat after meals, have a hack-
ing cough, are fed one-fourth corn and
three-fourths barley meal; also have
plenty of salt, charcoal and ashes. H.
G., Carson City, Mich—Give them one
part powdered sulphate iron, one part
salt, one part ground wormseed, and
seven parts ground gentian in feed
twice daily; one-fourth teaspoonful is
full dose for pig 10 or 12 weeks old,
but it may become necessary to give
them larger doses to kill bowel para-
sites and tone up their digestive 0r-
gans. _

Roup.——My chickens have a disease
which seems to terminate in loss of
vision and I would like to know what
can be done for them. H. S., Sigsbee,
Mich.——Remove well birds from the
sick, kill and burn sick blind ones,
wash eyes and nostrils with a. lotion
made by dissolving 1 dr. boraCic acid
in 14 pt. of clean boiled water tw10e
daily. Mix one part salicylate soda,
one part hyposulphite soda, two parts
powdered sulphate iron, three parts
ginger and five parts ground gentian
and give each bird 3 grs. at a time
three times a day. .

Injured Back—I have a yearling
colt that has rather poor control of
hind quarters, the result of an injury
by one of my other colts. When she
was first injured I had to help her up
for quite a while, but she has never
gotten entirely well; .however, she
grows well. C. B., Paris, Mlch.-—G1VB
her % dr. ground nux vomica, .20 grs.
of potassium iodide at a dose in feed
twice a day. Rub back With one part
turpentine and threeC parts camphorat-
e oil ever da 0 we.

dEczemalHayre i colt 18 months old
that is dull and lifeless, coat full _of
dandruff and body covered With white

scales. '

 

 

I have examined him closely
for lice, he does not itch, but he is not
thriving. B. E., FennVille, Mich.—
Give 1 dr. hyposulphite of soda, V.) dr.
sulphur and 8 drs. of ground gentian
at a dose in feed three times a day.
Groom him well once or twice a day.

Weakness—I have a five-year-old
mare which was bred the latter part
of September; she appears_to be in
good condition, but coat is ,rough,
hind legs stock and she perspires free-

Michigan iarmar’slllub List.

For the benefit and convenience of
our subscribers we have arranged the
following list of papers on which we
can'save them money. Besides the
money, they save the trouble and ex-
pense of sending each order sepa-
rately.

EXPLANATION—The first column
gives the paper’s regular subscription
price. The second column price is for
the Michigan Farmer and the other
paper, both for one year. Add 50 cents
when the Michigan Farmer is wanted
three years, or $1.00 if the Michigan
Farmer is wanted five years. The
third column price is for those who
are paid ahead on the Michigan Farm-
er from one to five years and want
the other paper only; such orders
must be sent to us direct. All combi-
nation orders may be given to our
agents or sent to us, as is most con-
venient.

Any number of other papers may _be
added at third column prices. Write
for prices on publications not listed.
We can save you money.

We send sample copies of the Mich-
igan Farmer only.

Mention if you are a new or re-
newal subscriber. Renewals Will be
dated ahead from their present date.

Allow monthlies three to four weeks
and semi—monthlies two weeks before
making complaint, if not received. We
forward orders day we receive them.

See explana-

NAME or PUBLICATION. “on “on

 

Daily. (6 a Week) on R. F. D. only.
Free Press. Detroit. (Both to Jan. 1916).

Journal Detroit.......... .
Herald Grand Rapids. Mich .............
News. Grand Rapids... .... ...
Press. Grand Rapids..
Courier-Herald, Saginaw,Mioh ..........
News. Saginaw . .... .... .... ....
Tribune. Bay City. Mich .................

 

Blade Toledo. Ohio..............
News-'Bee. Toledo. Ohio........ ....
State Journal Lansing. Mich ............

u . .
WNMNNNNNMNNNN

Chicago Herald....
Morning Tribune. Detroit. 1 year; Mich-
igan Farmer 3 years .....................
Tri Weekly Newspapers
World. N. Y.. City ..........................
QemLWeekly Newspapers
Journal. Detroit, Mich...................
Weekly Newspapers
Blade. Toledo. Ohio... ......
Commoner. Lincoln. Neb..... ......... ....
Enquirer. Cincinnati. 0. .... .... .... ..
Produce News. Chicago .....................
Cattle. Sheep, Swine. Poultry. etc.
American Bee Journal. Hamilton. III.(w)
American Poultry Journal. Chicago. (in)
American Poultr§ Advocate.. byracuse,
American Sheep reeder. Chicago (m)..
American Swineherd. Chicago. (in) .....
Breeders' 'Gazette. Chioa o. (w) ..........

N WNNNNNNNNNNN‘N

H N
H

n—
H

H—HH
HHD—‘H

Hui-d
HHHHI—t

 

 

 

 

HHH

Poultrfi Weekly. Boston. ass ............
Fruit elt. Grand Rapids. Mich .........
Green's Fruit Grower. Rochester. (m.)..
Iioard's Dairyman. Fort Atkinson, Wis.
Jersey Bulletin. Indianapolis. Ind. w)
Kimball's Dairy Farmer. Waterloo. 5..

8888838888388 8888

Hb‘

ease ssssseaases sass a: s 8 52333885288888“

88888 88888888888 8888 8 8 8 8888888888888

(s-m ..................................... 1 75
National Sportsman. Boston. Mass. (m)1 70
Poultry Keeper. Quincy. Il . (m) ......... 35
Poultry Pointers. Grand Rafids. Mich.. 25
Poultr Success. Springflel . O. (in) ..... 25
Reliab 6 Poultry Journal.Qnincy.IlI.(m) 35
Swine Breeders' Journal. Indianapolis..

Ind. (s-ni)............................... 35

Popular Hagazines.
Everybodys Ma azine N. Y. City. (m)... 1 15
Etude, Philade phia. ‘Pa. (m) 1 15

VIcClures. Magazine N. Y. City. (m)....
Vlusician. Boston. Mass. (in ..............
l’eople's Home Journal. N. Y. City. (in)
Red. Book Magazine Chicago. Ill. (m)..
ReView of Reviews. N. Y. City. (in) ......

Ladies' or Household.

115

03H HHHP‘

88888888638 8888888 8 8
OOH HHP—‘I—l

8888885888 8888888 8 885‘

 

1 10

 

 

 

Delineator. N, Y. City. (m)............... 1 1 15
Designer. N. Y. i y. (m) .................. 1 60
Housewife. N. Y. City (m).............. . 35
Ladies World. New York City..... .... .... 1 1 70
McCall's Magazine. N. Y. City. (m) ...... 30
Mother's Mag. E11131“. 111. (m)........... 1 1 l 15
Pictorial Review . Y. City. (m) .......... 1 1 60
Woman‘s Home Companion. N.Y.City. m 1 1 1 15
Womans World. Chicago. (m) ............ 15
Today. Chicago (in) ........................ 20
Religious and Juvenile.

American Boy. Detroit Mich. (m).... 1 00 1 00

Boys Magazine. Bmeth ort. Pa ........... I 00 75 .33
Little Folks. Salem. ass. (:11) .......... 1 001 20 75
Young People's Weekly. Igin. 111. (w.) 75 95 50
Youths Companion. Boston. Mass ........ 2 00 2 25 2 0i)

 

 

 

NOTE—«If the Michigan Farmer is wanted 3 years
add 50 cents to the second column price, or 31
it wanted five years.

We have arranged here a list of

other magazines which are the same
the entire combination just as it is.

at third‘column club list prices.

years, price $1. All others are for

Order by number.
or hand to our agents.

EXPLANATION—Wk. means the

each month, S.-mo. semi monthly.

SPEClALBARGAlN coiimNiiioNs. ‘

special ' bargain combinations which

will save you considerable on your reading matter. ’ N o substitution of

price can be made. You must take
You can make up your own club

from the club list if none of these suit you, or add to any of these others

NOTE—The Michigan Farmer is figured in all combinations at three

one year only. If the Michigan

Farmer is only wanted 1 year deduct 50 cents from the combination
price, or if the Michigan Farmer is wanted five years add 50 cents. The
other paper alone can be had from us another year at a reduced price.
Orders may be sent direct to us or through any of our agents.
Address all orders to the Michigan Farmer

paper comes each week, mo. means
Dailies on R. F. D. only.

 

No. 1

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.. ...$1.00
The American Boy. mo.......... 1.00
The Ladies’ World, mo.......... 1.00

Regular prlce .....IOIOCOOICQI$3IOO

OUR PRICE ONLY $2.00

No. 2

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.00
The American Boy, mo.......... 1.00
Woman’s World, mo............. .85
Poultry Pointers, mo............ .50

 

Regular price .......... . . . . .$2.85

OUR PRICE ONLY $1.75

No. 3

Michigan Farmer. 3 yrs., wk. . . ..$1.00
Kimball’s Dairy Farmer, S.-mo.. 1.00
The Ladies’ World, mo .......... 1.00

Regular price $300

OUR PRICE ONLY $2.00

 

 

 

No. 4
Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk ..... $1.00
Pictorial Review, mo ............ 1.0
Boys’ Magazine, mo.. ........... 1.00
Regular price ................ 3.00
OUR PRICE ONLY $2.00
No. 5

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk. . . . .$1.00
Youth’s Companion, wk. . . . . . . . . 2.00

McCall’s Magazine, mo.......... .50
Poultry Pointers, mo............ .50
Regular price ..... ...........$4.00

OUR PRICE ONLY $3.00

'No.' 6
Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.. . ..$1.00
The American Boy. mo. . . . . . . 1.00
McCall’s Magazine, mo ..... . . . . . .50
Poultry Pointers, mo. . . . . . . . . . . . .50

 

 

Regular price ................ $3.00
OUR PRICE ONLY $1.90
No. 7
Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.00
Woman’s World, mo ..... . .35
Poultry Pointers, mo ............ .50
Fruit Belt, mo ......... . ........ .50
Boys’ Magazine. mo ............. 1.00

Regular price ................ $3.35

OUR PRICE ONLY $1.50

 

No. 8

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., Wk. . . . .$1.00
Poultry Pointers, mo... 0

 

 

Boys’ Magazine, mo 1:00
McCall’s Magazine, mo......... .50
Regular price .......... ....”3—3—3—5
OUR PRICE ONLY $1.75
No. 9
Michigan Farmer, 3 rs., wk ..... 1.
Choice of either: y $ 00
The Breeders’ Gazette, Ameri-
can Sheep Breeder, Hoards’s
Dairyman ................. 1.00
Poultry Success, mo ....... . . . . . . .50
Boys’ Magazine, mo ...... 1.00
Ladies' World, mo ..... 1.00
Regular price ......... . ...... $4.50
OUR PRICE ONLY $3.00
N0. 10
Michigan Farmer. 3 rs.. wk..... 1.00
To-Day’s Magazine y ...... . $ .

Choice of one May ‘Mantcn'Pat:
gm (see this issue). J”) -
Poultry Pointer§,~,,gno..._.".'....... .50

 

Boys’ Magazine,‘rnc ..... ........ 1.00
Regular price .......... WW?)
OUR PRICE ONLY $1.50
No. 11

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.00
Any Detroit Daily (except the

News) ................ ........2.50
American Swineherd, mo. . . . . . . . .50
Hand Book on the Sow ...... . . . .50
Poultry Success, mo ............ . .50
Kimball’s Dairy Farmer, S.-mo. . 1.00

Regular price ....... .........$6.00

OUR PRICE ONL $4.00

 

No. 12

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk.....$1.00
Any Grand Rapids Daily........ 2.00
Fruit Belt, mo ................ .. .50
Kimball’s Dairy Farmer, S.-mo.. 1.00

 

Poultry Pointers, mo ....... .50
Regular price $5.00
OUR PRICE ONLY $3.50
No. 13.

Michigan Farmer, 3 yrs., wk....$1.00
Morning Tribune, Detroit Daily.. 2.00
Poultry Pointers, mo.........-.. .50

Regular price ................ $3.50

OUR PRICE ONLY $2.15

ATTENTION—On any one of these
combinations you save the price Of
the Michigan Farmer three years and
on some considerably more.

 

 

1y when standing in stable. I. L. D.,
Lake, Mich—First of all you should
ventilate stable by admitting fresh air
and providing escape for foul. Also
give a teaspoonful of powdered nitrate-
of potash, a teaspoonful of powdered
sulphate iron and a tablespoonful of
ground gentian at a dose in feed three
times a day. Bear. in mind that she
should be groomed daily and have
some exercise every day.

Nasal Catarrh.—I have a young filly
that has an offensive discharge from
one nostril but shows no other symp-
toms of sickness. R. P., Rothbury,
Mich.—~Give colt half teaspoonful of
bicarbonate soda, 5 grs. ground nux
vomica and 20 grs. powdered sulphate
iron at a dose in feed three times a

ay.
J. R. E., Prescott, Mich—Your three
chicks stagger on account of being
crop-bound or have weak heart. No
danger in using them for food, if cook-
ed thoroughly.
Distemper.——I have a ten-year-old

mare that had distemper eight weeks

ago which seemed to recover and was
fairly well until a week ago, then the
left side of back commenced to swell;
a few days later right side swelled
and she appeared to lose her appetite.
I also have a calf eight weeks old
that has a lump on jaw fast to bone,
but calf does not appear to be sick.

J. M. 8., Warren, Mich—Rub back
with alcohol and give her 1 dr. potas-
sium iodide at a dose in feed or water
three times a day and she will get all
right. Your calf had better be used
for veal, except head.

Gravel in Foot.———I have a horse that
had gravel in his foot which worked
through from sole to coronet, now pus
comes from two different openings. I
am drawing it now with bran poultice
and would like to know how long
these should be kept up. Every time
I change poultice, I apply peroxide hy-
drogen. E. F C Homer, Mich.—~It is
usually a mistake to poultice suppur-
ating feet. Saturate foot thoroughly
in one part bichloride mercury and
500 parts water; or one part carbolic
acid and 30 parts water and apply one
part iodoform and nine parts boracic
acid to suppurating parts once a day,
covering foot with oakum and aclean
cloth. Remember it is important that
the foot be kept clean or it will not
get well.

Debility.—I have a ten-year-old mare
that had her last foal August 14, 1914,
and since then she has poor control of
urinary organs. 0. McG., Fremont,
Mich—Give her 1 dr. of ground nux
vomica and, 1 dr. fluid extract buchu
at a dose three times a day. It is pos-
sible that she met with an injury at
time of foaling, if so she may require ,

the services of a Vet. to do a little
surgical work on her.

Exostosis on Knee—I have a colt
that has a bunch on side of knee
caused by .a bruise, making the joint
slightly stiff. Can the bunch be re-
moved and stiffness relieved? C. J.
M., Stanwood, Mich—Clip hair off the
bunch and apply one part iodine and
nine parts lard once or twice a day.

Chronic Cough—In the early part
of last summer my sixyear-old horse
had an attack of distemper; since
then he has been troubled with cough.
Have been giving him a heave rem-
edy. but it-fails to help his cough. H.

A. P., Perry, Mich—Mix 1 oz. guaiacol ' '

in 15 ozs. of raw linseed oil and give
1 oz. at a dose three times a day.
Feed no clover or dusty, musty, badly
cured fodder, and dampen his feed.
Exostosis-Blocked Teat.-—I hav
cow'that has a large hard buncheog
outs1de of shin below hock joint, caus-
ed by rubbing leg on cement floor. I
also have another cow with blocked
quarter of udder, a small hard bunch
low down in teat may help to block
milk flow and I would like to know
what can be done for her. 0. G., Vas-

sar, Mich—Apply one part iodine
seven, parts lard to bunch daily. in;
ply one part tincture iodine and three
parts olive oil to blocked teat and
quarter three times a week. - '

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

!

\wannn w"

 

 

‘i ‘ l'l l

DEC.19.’ 191.4.

'Psncusnoss- ismtast‘sagsm

Br and Mare
CHAS. 08

Burning" 11mm“.
CATTLE.

ABERDEEN ANGUS

all alves and yearlin realdy for service. Sired
bBLouls of Viewpont DEC Closel y related to live
gym d Champions—Brother .

as good.

stock for
oops: 'ssz. Mendon. Michigan.

I to ”Skistef.G SirgthiI-ne' 3
re. (11 rna ona ran
R?i132;1i1'§2oa§33u1n succession. Brices 9‘76 up. Will
meet respective psirchrtsisers either at Somerset,
Airgfigiéigi'i’on getmo oncalves from these bulls
even with strongly ”as ry t 0 grade cows.
G.EO 3. 3141 He 00..
ADDISON AND SOMERSET. MICHIGAN.

ABERDEEN-ANGUS

HERD FOUNDED IN 1900. Bl k
trai re esented consist of Trojan Ericas. ac -
311111111111 Bird... only.d 131.01: allty Ito. 81.1111 of

it. ds th e herd.
M‘s-$00 individu'lal Eitian mer ABLE? Ionia. Mich.

breeds. The
........ 3m res;
£3513: “Michigan School for 1°33. kDeaf runemomm

i
AIRSHIBESTSJII Slotfinii’éfflfikdg '

MILO D. CAMPBELL. CHAS. J. ANGEVINIL

BEACH FARM

OUEBNSEYS

We have for sale pure bred Bulls at very low
prices. whose dams are in the A. R. or soon will
be. Land whose sires have the following noted
animals in their pedigree. —Masher Sequel.
Governor of the Chene, Imp. May Rose King,
Imp. Ki of the May. Glenwood Boy of Haddon.
Stratfords Glenwood oi Pinehurst. Dairy Maid
of Pinehurst 910 lbs. fat. Selma of Pinehurst 762
lbs. fat. Daisy 714 lbs. fat. Dolly Bloom 836 lbs. and
many other good ones. Write for particulars.
Satisfaction guaranteed in every case.

CAMPBELL (a ANGEVINE.
cowwama. MICHIGAN.

—F ous May Rose Strain. A select herd.
Gamay: Til.“ Tested 11....
J. K. Blatchford. Windermere Farm.Watervliet.Mich.

Registered Guernsey Bulbs
Two 11123:!“ to one ear old. ht
I._ $1126.13 CALEDONIA. MIC IGAN.

G erase Bulls. Berkshireh sow
F or SRIC,‘ an l‘tls bre for a ring farrnvv. rite
JOHN EBEL. R. 10. Ho and. Michigan.

‘flfe have for sale a number of purei Guernsey cowe.
heifers and bulls. also Berkshire he?l
VILLAGE FARM. Grass Lake. Mic tan.

H EREFORD;

ALLEN BROS.-

Three bull calves and
one two year 01
I’aw Paw. Michigan.

FOR SALE.
Three Fine Young Bulls

8. 9 and 10 months old. from
18. 20 and 20 pound cows.
each one giving over-10
lbs. ;milk a year—prices. $100.
The two old-
est nicely marked—the other
has black back and sides.with
some white. DeKe l 2.nd
B 3rd. and King of the
Pontiacs’ blood.

BIGELOW’S HOLS IEIN FARM
Breed evilie. Mich.

FOR SALE

Ready for light service from a all-lb sire,

HOLSTEIN BULLS

rich in the blood of Hengcrveld De Kol. Friend
Hengerveld De Kol Butter Boy, and Pontiac Korn-
dyke. three his son as. King of the Pontiacs. and
Pontiac Aggie Korndyke. Pedigrees on application.
D. S. LEWIS. Marshall. Mich

HATCH HERD
REGISTERED IlOLSTElll-FIIIESIMIS

SILANTI. MICH. offers
13mm YIIIDEADEns from choioeA. A.’ii.0 Odams and
King Pontiac Jewel Korndyke. 50.1.... in his
pedigree average 31. 2.5 pounds in 7 days. Average ageffer
cent of fat of three nearest dams 4.37. Sires inR
three generations in his pedigree have 600A
daughters. Prices reasonable.

Make our own selection at0 Ashmocr Farms.
Tecumse .Michigan. R. F. oraddrese
KATC H HERD. YPSILANTI. MICHIGAN.

EIN

 

 

T 11 E M i‘ciHl‘oA’N

WORTFK—KM.
LANSING, MICHIGAN.
‘ OFFERS For: SALE A

YOUNG HOLSTEIN BULL OALF.

Write for particulars.
A Few Choice Heifers for sale.

CHASE s. OSBORN
ADAM E. FERGUSON. lownm'

HOLS'I'EINS FOR SALE

5 Good Bulls, ready for service.
10 Very Choice Bull Calves.
2 Two-year-old Heifers, bred.
1 Six- -year-old grand- daughter of King
Segis, due In December.

L. E. CONNELL. Fayette. Ohio.
FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls

ready for service. and bull calves. also females.
FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan.

 

 

lbfiislimd llolIlIin Bull For talogghfiggsmmgg
ELHEB E. SMITH, Redford. Michigan.

 

A HOLSTEIN BULL CALF 2:03.37};

a World's Champion and out of an A. R. 0. dam. A
rereopportunity torget into champion blood lines.
BILLCREST ARM. Kalamazoo. Michigan.

 

MIOHIOIU HOME IIOI Illilllllfi SOHOOL

LA AN
Breeder of High Grade olstein Cattle. Lists and
prices upon application.

Lillie Farmstead Jerseys

Bulls ready for service. several from Register of
erit Cows. Four bred heifers. good ones. Herd
Tuberculin tested. Prices reasonable.

COLON C. LILLIB. Cooperevlllc. Michigan.

A Pure-Bred

"Jersey? ‘

bull counts for more than
the dam in grading up.
You should be developing
some 400-pounds-of-butter cows. The thorough.
bred bull is worth all he costs on grade or
full-blood Jersey cows. Like begets like.

THE AMERICAN JERSEY CATTLE CLUB
324 W. 23d St. New York City.

 

   
  
   
 
   
 

 

THE WILDWOOD HERD

Registered Jerseys. Herd headed by Majest t's Wonder
No. 90717. Bull calves for sale by Majesty' s onder and
from hifih producing dams. Also a Grandson of Stoke
Pogis of respect. Born March 1913. Satisfaction uar-
anteed. Write for prices. Alvin Balden. Capac. ich.

 

Jerseys. Bulls ready for service. extra quality sired
by J acoba s Fairy Emanon. No. 107111. from high
producing dams.SMIT1-I& PARKER. Howell. Mich.

 

 

-l':leifers from Register of Merit
For Sale JINBIS Ancestry. Raleigh— King and Exile
of St. Lambert breeding. lso cows with i' egister or

 

Merit records. Waterman h Water-an. Ann Arbor. Mich
READY FOR

HOLSTEIN BULL BUSINESS

World record stock £100 to 3300. LONG BEACH
FA ARMS Augusta. Kalamazoo 00.. Michigan.

 

oletein Bull Calf; Born Sept. 11. Splendid individual.
well grown. nicely marked. llis dam 11ml sire' s dam have
A 3.0. records that average 7 days Butter 24. 86 lbs. Milk 557. 8
lbs. both as 4-yr-olds. W. B. READER. Howell. Michigan.

loner Bulls 111 tale 323‘.““i.§:f"i%.%‘.’i%§.‘:t:‘§§

semi-official test. 0.B .We ner. B.6 .Allegan. Mich.
-—A f .

NOW IN SERVICEK .8233. pi'ifiiii’oi‘l‘i‘lrili‘i

GREGORY & BORDER Howell. Mulligan.

 

 

MAPLE Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd— —-Tu
beroulin tested by U. Government. For sale
Refllglter of Merit cows, also bulls. bull calves and
calves. having from Bto'l Register-of Moritdams
in their pedigrees. IBVIN FOX. Allegan. Michigan.

JERSEYS —For list of B‘Ock for
writeA. p. EDISON. Sec 11.58230 83“. 2giisehri3§$

Grand Rapids. Mi i.cl1 If a breeder and amembor
ofM M..J 0. 0. send list of stock for sale to the above.

 

 

BUTTER BRED ”saw... RUE...

CRYSTAL SPRING STOCK FARM.E
Silver Creek. Allegan County. Lllchlgan.

ERS EYS_VEARUNG BULL READY FOR
SERVICE. Also bull calves.
rookwater Farm. R.F.D. Nc. .Ann Arbor, Mich.

 

 

For Sale Pure Bred

Holstein Heifers and Bulls.

De K01 and Landry Girl Butter Boy strain.

LEWIS NELLER, - Lansing, Mich.
High Class HOLSTEINS 13.1

is headed by Smithdale Alcartra Pontiac, whose
is the famous Alcartra Polkadot. Have few young bulls
and females for sale at reasonable pri cos. Wii ll buy
a few heifers about 15 months. not bred. Fa rm 1.; mile
from court house. SETHB. BUBERT. Howell. Mich.

 

 

£34 3 1 lb 35-” -old sister 22. 92 lb. dam. A son of
Johanna Korndyke DeKcl delivered when
2m old on easy terms. Martin L. McLaulin. Redford. Inch.

lloglslIrIrl llolslIin Bull‘..‘.i‘.’i’.§l fixgfi‘im ”3mm"-

some fellow Dam untested. brings him tom our
station with all pa ere. safe arrival guaranteed. rite
for particulars an photo. Hobart W. Fay. Boson. Mich.

“Top-Notch”

mmaofi ,0 b3]. Ibl b I“
33%“ lbs in so do I. Sire' a dam ii a 2%.“ ID.-
hter of a 30.

lb.
fie HEBION FARMS 00.. Howdl. Elohim.

 

 

Holsteins.
white. born Oct. 4. 1913.
”"171

stetein-Prieslan Catt! Yn f
Hservioem out of LB. .m‘fnSa o tmfilgmwg
or money Munded. easel Lute. Oak Grove. Mich.

Holstein-Frisian III-cedar"Th 11.." mag“ 3'3"

represented. D. I). mm. Igen.

 

For Sale, SIIOI'II'IOI'I’I Buns—Red and Bonus.

by sons of Avon-
dale and Victor Linwood. both I2nternatinnnl Win-
ners. JOHN SCHMIDT. R R. ,Reed City. Mich.

 

-Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all
Sharllloms ages forsale at farmersprioes. C. w. Crum.
Secy Cent. Mich. Sher-thorn Breeders‘ Assn” McBride. Mich.

 

DAIRY BRED SHORTHORNS and YOUNG BULL
9-1110 old for sale. Price 8125 cash or good note.
HUMM MEL, Mason, Michigan.

 

llEO SHOlllHOllll BULL FOB SILEVVAME’JR’XfidSu‘iL’f’ub

blood. W. E. MORRISH, Flushing. Michigan.

SflOlllllOilli BULLS FOR SILE’IRSS. “Mahdi?

0.160 lbs. milk and 618 lbs. butter with first calf in one
year. Reasonable price. Write. Ir.w. Jehnson.Custer,lIleh.

SHOUIHOBUS: OOHOIOE lOUllO BULLS FOR SALE

W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.

 

 

UAL PURPOSE SHOBTHOBN CATTLE—Yemen?

 

ba- for h (I III!
M. A. EBAY. Okelnos. “11331111330"- “iii chulgan.
SHEEP.

 

—Yearli and ram lambs fro Oh i
[m flock ofwhumb of Mich. Alsomseledi'tnliieafkIt
shire swine. tookl'arm. Almont. Mich.

IA! 8016) OUTIf-f rams but fivehfew aged.
prices. 1?. Gum on. Michigan.

,on their mvn merits.

 

'FARMER

Rome and Ewes from the first prize flocks of Cotswolds
Iplcesters. Lincolns and Oxford Downs; two years old rams
and ewes; yearling rams and lambs, either sex. Some of thee 1
are unbeaten this year. Harry I. Crandell. Cass City. Mich.

 

RAMS—IIIROPSHIRES OXF‘ORDS AND

HAMPSHIBES. Good strong well

wooled fellows ready for business. Ship pedp you

without the money Istn tthat fair? I so mwrite
KO PE KON FARM. Kinderkook. Miohl gen.

 

XFOBD Down Ram and EweI Lambsm and Re
kshi i're s. either sex. rltooed quic.
CHASOE'S STOCK FARM. 3.1? Marlette. Michigan.

 

I'I' PAYS TO BUY PURE BREhD SHEEP 0F
PARS 0N5 .1 ..s'... n
‘\ 1...... h“i.‘i.°¥°"l”t°£§::‘i.%"§"" .. 1..
\ I C

8:15.311... Shmpegilresuand' Pulled -Delaines.

PARSONS.GrandLedge. Mich. R1.

   
 

   

1“},

 

 

30W WEIGHED 952 L38.
A 23 MONTHS 0 D

‘3 lONlA GIRL

I have started more breeders on the road to sue-
oess than ”1th an i fiiflng' I have the] argest and flu-

est herd in Every one an early developer,
ready for the market at six months old. I want to
lace on ehog In each community to advertise my
erd. Write for my plan, IBow to Make Money from
H 088." e. .s “NJAHIN.I.I..I 0 Portllml, Ileh.

 

 

 

- P 1-
flag. llamboiliei Sheep 53231332 1133;523:2913...
stored stock. J. A. SIM ’lB. Morrice. Mich.

 

Begsiorcd Shro 5pshirI. Yearling: and Ham Lambs.
C.

HAWKIN R R No. 2. Sutton' a Bay. Mich.

 

NGLESIDE FARM offers 14 recorded shropshire ewes
I of goodE ages whirh are bein bred to an lm orted

ram HE BBER'I‘ E. PO ELL. Ionla. ich.

HEOISIEOEO OXFORD [WES—iiié‘i ”5'

B. F. MILLER, Flint. Michigan.

_
——

Rams

 

H008.

 

as k h' —-Orders booked for sows to be bred for
r s Ire: next spring farrowing. Fall pgsl $6
each now. B. B. REAVEY. Akron. Michigan.

llOYILIOll lllEO BERKS"!HES‘Siih'fiiifildrfii‘iii

tered stock With a . at farmers' prices
D..F VALENTINE, Sup’ ’t.. Temperance. Michigan.

 

—15 spring boars a d
Duroc JerSICYS 15soiws; 1310‘s) 12181
i from the rIncI a stra ns; pa rsan ros

5.388TAHLMANPCIICI'IPY Lawn Farm. Shepherd. Mich.

— h . bred f
UUllllO JERSEYS Exinéigfsagi'g:res:d Borgia T02111-
Turkeys. Bert Sweet ..No 1.Hudsonville. Mich.

Duroc Jersey Bears

From Prize-Winning Stock.
Write. or better still, come.

Brookvai‘er Farm,Ann "Arbor,illch.,il.F.ll.7.
DUROC 15115151152232 Earls. 211mg:

bone. Satisfaction uaranteed or money refunded.
WM. D. McMULLElf 67 Madison St.. Adrian. Mich.

 

 

 

 

URQC JERSEYS—Aug and Sept lgs with plenty
of size and great Jgaiity.R Also gl ts bred to prize
wInning stock. rodt .No. 1. Monroe. Mich

lilillOC JERSEYS, Spring Pigs For Sale

CAREY U. ED]! ND.S Hastings. Michigan.

 

 

Anything in Red. Chester White Swine. 10 weeks
old igs :10. Reg. Holstein Herd Bull cheap.
BA; 13. PARHA M. Bronson. Michigan.

"ESTER WHITES. August and September pigs, from
sires as Chickasaw Bud. Modeler. Bronson King. Acertilicate
of registry with each pig. John Gintling, Bronson. Michigan.

 

HAMPSHIRE Swine—Breedingwstock of all age
from most po ular strains rite for breedm
Inspection invi Floyd Myers. R. 9. Decatur. In

HAMPSHIRE SWINE~Choice young stock for fall breeding.
both sexs prices reasonable. West Wind Farm, Pontiac.
Mich. E. P. HAMMOND. bwner. N. A. WISER. Manager.

 

 
 

Originators of the
Famous 0. l. C.
Swine 1863.

 
 
 
  
    
 
   
 
   
   
  
     

Two 0. I. C. Hogs
Weigh 2806 lbs.

Why lose profits breeding‘
and feeding scrub hogs.
Two of our 0. I. C. s
weigh 2808 lbs. Will shp
In“ sample pair of these‘

mous hogs on time and
give agency to first applicant. We
are originators. most extensive breeders
and shippers of thoroughbred hogs in the
world. All foreign shipments

U. S. Govt. Inspected

We have bred the 0.1.0. Ho for 5! years
and have never lost a ho wit cholera
or any other contagious isease.

   

Write— T day-
forFrce Booko '11..
Hog from Birth to Sale ’ '

THE L. B. SILVER CO.
196Vicken Bldg.. Cleveland. 0.

 

o I. c -Bred sows and spring gigaw large and growthy.
Pairs and tries not a er your wants.
GLENWOOD STOCK FARM. Zeeland. MI ch.
0 I March. April and May pigs: the big.
lfirowthy k d that always makes good.

LEMUEL NIC OLS R. F. D. No.2

 

.Lawrence. Mich

 

—Servioe boars. also ilts
0.1.C.swine of Spring farrOw. p ace
your order with me before they are sold. at my
price on pairs and trios of A11g.nnd 811pt.farrow.

A. J. R.DEN R. No. 2. Bart. Michl lgan.

O. l. c. and Ohesier While Swine.

We won this year at Ill. State Fair nine first
prizes, four second and five Champions including
both Grand Champions; at Wis we won twelve first
prizes. five seconds and all Champions. We have over
700 pigs on hand of every age All stock is shipped

D. R0 LING VIEW

,. ()
..No 2. 0133 City. Michigan.

 

STOCK FARM.

 

o I C! S—Spiring pigs. pairs and tries. no.
ak from state fair winners.
AVONDALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Michigan.

0. I. C.

H. W.

 

Boars ready for service. Also spring
gilts. stock recorded in Goshen Ind.
ANN. Dansville. Michigan.

 

o I C’s—Serviceable boars weighing 150 to 300 lbs.
Prices erht to move them. I pay express.
G. P. ANDRE S Dansville. Michigan.

 

O I C.—10 good boars. $18 to 3% each. One very
IHnina boar 830 Registered free.
C. J. THOMPSON. Rockford. Michigan.

 

o I C’s—STRICTLY BIG TYPE. For 12 yrs.
I Ihave been breeding for size and
length with quality. Len thy Prince one of the largest
boars theb breed ever pr uoed. heads our herd assisted

yWhite Monarch and Fronts Choice. 2nd. rize under
eiyx Months bolart at Mo. Inter State Fair 914. Stock
for sale at times. prices reasonable Address.
NEWMAN' Sa STOCK FARM R. No.1 .Marlette,Mich.

0 I C’s—Nothing for sale at present.
0 Satisfaction always guaranteed.
A. R. GRAHAM. FLINT. MICHIGAN.

 

 

o I c -Sprinf" boars all ”flit. We have some
JOHN BEBNERA s'bN .piG-rand Ledge. hIUi'ohigon.

 

o L 0' —I have extra line lot of last spring boars
3 and a lot or this fall “5'3. either sex. not

akin. will have a b sow wsale in an mile west

of depot. OTTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mich.

.O. I. C’s‘ldflé’fifii‘l‘ pir‘l‘flfigfi'a“

0.0. n. J. w.nowsli.n.m'li1oalrsn.

o L Calla Choice Gilts for Spring Fgrow. Not bred.
v. BA'iirva'tiuhuke.‘ "hi!

 

 

 

DUROCS—A few good boars. wei ht 200 lbs. 825.
Can ship anywhere in ich. About 30
III“ will be bred for April. best blo '1 lines. Also

olstein Calf. 11.6. Keesler. R.No.5. (laseopolis.Mich.

 

.plgs. either sex. Also Holstein
calf. andO Indian Runner Drakes

Ouroc JIrIIyI’t‘i'
E. H. R.RIS Monroe. Mich.

at reasonable prices.
nunnc Jensrrrsgsnghzs?‘ tits: “acres?”
W. J. BAUMAN. Burr Oak. Michigan.

 

—25 choice bears. some due March gilts
Dunc JOISBIS and a few bred sows for October
'I‘YA LOB Milan. Michigan.

UROC JERSEYS—35 fancy boars and gilts of popular
blood lines. good individual quality. Special prices for
30 days. JOHN MchCOLL. Ste. A. R. 4. Bay City. Michigan.‘

—8 i ’ ' h .

POLAND sill": gigwnégypsltgsclflatndrlafixe “$1201:
L. W. BARNES S.ON Byron. Michigan.
LARGE TYPE P. O. ‘33:?” ffi'bfi‘gfininiiiga ’33.?
bred gllts. W. J. H.AGELSBAW Augusta. Mich.

ig Type Poland China Boats and Gilt: lenty of
B size and great Igummy/.1) know I can ease you.
ROBERT MARTI D.Ne. 7. Hastings. Mich.

farrow. W.

 

 

 

 

 

—One extra good fall yearling
l-Il'gl Sirlln P c and the best lot of spring boars

from large litters of the best breeding; 9 sows farrowing
88pl gs. H. O. . SWA RTZ Schoolcraft. Michigan.

10111111 11111111 ao111s-tsgtrshzr';l§;"‘srgs
right. G. W. BOLTON. R. No. 11. Kalamazoo.Mich.
Pnlggd Ohina goars‘§§“°gp2%§‘fg 2131;: fifi’ailg
MKPLI'O‘WVOOD STOCK $2,331.11]. Allegan.oMllc'hIga:.

' G .
llfgS'stled PDlafld chma pigizgfiiimgrfiii; Dbl"!

Rock cook' Is at bargains Robert Neve. Pierson. Mich.
ARE YOU IN NEED OF A

Reg. iluroc Jersey Boar Pig?

Ready for service. If so. send your order in now.
Hsiejust four left. All grand individuals. wei ht
about 200 lbs. each. Have younger boars and gilts or
sale all bred from the best herds in America. Also two
younfiregistered Holstein bu] is ready for service. Sire.
Sir orndyke Pontiac Artist No. 12 Address.

W. A. BOLAND
Grey Tower Farm, Grass Lake, Mich.

 

 

 

 

 

' of the big type. March and A ril
Paland chma‘ farrow. The kind that pleasegur
customers. A. A. WOOD & SON. Saline. Mich.

 

Poland Chinae. either sex. all ages. Something good
at a low rice. Bargains in boars ready for ser-
vice. P.l) O.NG 8 Grand Rapids. Mich

THE FARMERS' HOG. -—Butler' s Big Boned Prolific
Poland Chinas grow big kee easy. mature early.
ready for market at 6 mont s. y? Because we've
bred them that way for more than 20 years. 50 big

boned. long bodied. sows kalso 100 fall pigs at farmers'

prices. Buy one anda mk e morem yon your hogs.
P. 0. History Free. .0. BUTLERn Portland. Mich.

1111: m P. c.-ssY°:Y.1:.Y-:Ys...m

$0611ng sired

 

by the largest hour in 4tihe U .. weigh
months old. me an ace Expenses aid if not as
represented. W. E. LIVINGSTON. arma. Mich.

 

MEDIUM typeP. 0. Bears. one dandy yearling. A
few big type sired by Big Smooth Jumbo.
priccd right. B. J. LA AEN R..No 7. 01are.Michigan.

—Boars ready for light service. P ll
"Ill. FOUI— Durham heifers. milking strain. well lire‘ild
Can ship in Mich. Frank Bartlett. Dryden. Mich.

ULE FOOTS. 45 head of all es. 8 ri boa
bred gilts. fallp . paBlrs 11?)8 aka p 11 an shrisp
anywhere in Mich. ACCN. Bidgeway. Mich.

 

I ' —-We have so e i M
lorllslill't swm' sexes. Writ:J fgrOOdeeggi pl: ohbgrti:
prices. OSTRANDER BROS.. Morley, ichlgan.

 

50 YORKSHIRES‘éfimt M133 Foiled 0mg;-

Rocks. I. R. Ducks. E. S. CARR. Homer. Mich.

YORKSHIRES

The large. longibodledgor prolific kind. Gilts bred for
September an f.arrow A choice lot of
spr bears and 061113. Prices reason

. R. 42, Ada. Michigan.

llllie Farmstead Yorkshire:

gilts and gilts bred for September farrow.
390! ”Elli either sex pairs and tries not akin.
ati ion guarant teed.

COLON C. LILLIB. Coopsrevllls. Michigan.

When writing to advertisers please
mention The Michigan Farmer.

 


 

570—30 I . ‘ THE MICHIGAN Fl-A R MER . ...,.._DEC.19.1914..,.

This Selection of Christmas Articles
May be had Free by our subscribers or for a small addition to
the price of the Michigan Farmer * .. ,

Every article is guaranteed to be perfect and reliable. If you order immediately you can get the article in
time for Christmas. Orders may be sent to the Michigan Farmer, Detroit, or through our agents.

TheMichiganFarmerNewReierenceChart Kw '—-—3 lime

 

 

 

 

,I.

     
 
  
   

six Big Pages 2 feet x 3 feet each. - ' \ .
Published Expressly for the Readers of the Michigan Farmer. ' \Q‘“§:§; _
[:QI) -\\ RX \\

 
  
  
  

  
 

.: a.

 

 

 

Biggest Map and Atlas Ofier Ever Given to the Farmers of Michigan.

  

., . ox

\\;¢}\\ \
. “viii

Li 7 \\‘\‘§\\\\\
na-TuntAomc \\.

(/loi , \ )lfl A: , 3 l
JD D i , . i -. PiPE gaggicn.

‘. l t
' MONKEY WRENCH, won: anal ‘.

     

        

Farmers Ideal Combination Wrench

Six Handy Farm tools in one. A pipe wrench, nut wrench, a screw
driver and three dies for cleaning up and rethreading rusted and .
battered threads. Dies fit all standard bolts used on standard farm
machinery. Requires no adjustment, never slips. Will work in clos-
er quarters than any other Wrench. Every farmer should carry one
of these handy little wrenches on a binder, reaper, mower, etc. They
are light, strong, compact and easily carried in the hip pocket.

The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 BOPII‘JEREB5
Combination Wrench, Value .50 POSTPAID. C
Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.35; 5 years $1.75.

Wrench sent alone Free for a club of three subscribers to the

Michigan Farmer.

 

 

 

BOYS WATCH.

Every boy, young or old, would be proud to carry
one of these watches. It is 16 size, with a nickel
case. Stem set and wind. Regular watch movement
with hair spring. Guaranteed by the makers and
repaired free of charge for one year, if given ordi-
nary care. Any boy who really wants a watch can
easily earn one in one afternoon.

The watch alone free for sending three subscrip-
tions to the Michigan Farmer.

 

The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 OUR PRICE
The Boys Watch, vrlue ............... 1.00 BOIgpfig-2O

Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.70; 5 years $2.10.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Colored Maps of Europe and the Countries at war, and Splendid Map . _ ' _ plated and stamped with a beautiful design. The
of the World. Portraits of European Rulers a’nd Generals in Command. plating is on white metal. therefore it cannot wear'through and show
apemalltmaps of all the countries involved inhthe greatest of the World’s brassy. This set IS easily worth $200.

ars. answers every question relating to t e geographical features of The Michigan Farmer 1 year $ .50 OUR PRICE
the war 0f 19.;4'35- . . Carving Set, value ................. 2.00 BOTOEP$L5O
This is only one of the Big Features of our Chart. oewith the Michigan Farmer 3 years $2.00; 5 yeaé‘liézso.
To make it local and of interest to every citizen of Michigan, we give Fgragxéi‘ng set alone, Free for a 0111b 0f three subscribers to Michigan

a new down-to—date map showing the new Congressional Districts, all the
New County Surveys, all the new railroads, and everything right down to ' :—
date. Portraits of the Governors of the state are also given. A complete
index, or Gazeteer of Michigan is also included.

One of the most Important Features is the Great Vetrinary Guide.

Consisting of 25 plates illustrating in true life colors the anatomy of the
Hog, Cow, Sheep, Horse and Chicken. Every Farmer and Live Stock Own-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

er will be interested in this splendid feature. Swine Breeders will be es- M r ’ “ n
pecially interested, as you know dur-ing the year 1913, farmers lost in mon- ye ‘ Aw! for A"
ey value through hog diseases, the total sum of sixty-six million dollars. It LOCK STITCH SEWING AWL: Wlth straight and curved needleS.
this Veterinary Guide saves you one- pig a year it would pay your subscrip- Makes a 100k StltCh Wlth one thread .and 0118 operation. For har-
tion to this paper for several years to come. Our Veterinary Editor says ness, sacks, canvas 01‘ any heavy sewmg. Regular prlce Of this an
that our new Veterinary Guide is as good as an Insurance Policy to any IS $1.00. .
farmer or live StOCR raiser. The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 BOPIEJIHRICE

Here you have a Complete Encyclopedia of hundreds of boiled down facts. Myers Lock Stich Awl, value ...... 1.00 POSTF 51,100

It is worth its weight in gold. It cannot be bought in any book-store, 0" With the MiChiga" Farmer 3 years $140; 5 years $1.80.
or through any agent. It is distributed exclusively through the Michigan Free for a, club of two subscribers to the Michigan Farmer.

Farmer in the state of Michigan. We Want every reader of the Michigan
Farmer to have one of these splendid charts. We have ordered a special
edition and while they last we will distribute them as rapidly as possible.
We cannot guarantee having a big stock, therefore, it is necessary to place
your orders early.

If these maps were sold in stores, they would cost from $1.00 to $2.00,
depending on. the store. But we, buying them in so large a quantity, are _
able to sell them to our subscribers for only 50 cents, delivered, all \
charges paid.

When you send an order for your subscription to the Michigan Farmer

for five years at $1.50, or three years for $1.00, or one year 'for 50 cents, or A Genuine High Grade Razor.

 

 

 

 

 

any of our clubbin'g offers, add 50 cents for the map. _ .
Any subscriber who has his subscription already paid for one or NM 8. cheap razor 811011 as 15 generally used as a premium. It is

more years in advance, may have them at the same price—5O cents. made 0f beSt steel, IVOFY handle, hollow groundponcave blade; hon-
Send all orders direct to the Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Michigan, or ed and stropped ready for 1188- Guaranteed to give satisfaction.

through any Of our agents. . . . . The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 OUR ““68 “

Farrge'i‘ aErlri1alp' glinlgleNsDe.“ FREE for two subscriptions to the Michigan Extra Fine Razor, big value at... ..l.00 Bolsgusfil'35 (
Write us today and send your order to Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.75; 5 years $2.25. ’

THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich., Razor alone. Free for sending a club of three subscribers to the

And the chart will be sent to you, all charges postpaid. Michigan Farmer. 5

l ,.- l

 


 
 

 

 

 

 

A
' ‘

mornings. «

—_ , net This Two-Year Supply el Warranlerl Needles it???

NEEDLES FOR EVERY NEED.
Gold Eye Sewing Needles.
Art Work Needles, viz:

Silk and Cotton Darners.
Milliner’s Needles.

Crewel or Embroidery.

Bug or Tapestry.
Chenille Needles.
Bone Stilletto.
Bone Tape or Ribbon.

Bone Crochet.

Steel Crochet.

Steel Bodkin or Tape.

Punch Work.

Medium.Wool Darners.

Fine Wool Darners.

Medium Cotton Darners.

142 Useful Sewing Articles.

One Hundred and Forty-two Useful
Articles Almost Free, with the
Michigan Farmer.

Here is a needle book that is a
beauty. Big size, 13% inches when
open, and containing every kind of a
needle any woman can possibly want.
Your needles can’t get lost as they
are kept safely in rust-proof pockets.
Read over the list of needles given

above.

Every farmer’s wife and every farm-
er’s daughter should know how to
sew. Nothing is so necessary to ac-
complish good sewing as first-class
needles.

When you send your order for the
Michigan Farmer, five years for $1.50,
three years for $1.00, or one year for
50 cents, add 30 cents for this assort-
ment of needles, sent post paid.

None but subscribers to the Michi-
gan Farmer can buy them. If you are
a present subscriber paid up for one
year or more you may have them at
the same price. All others must subscribe for a year or more to get them.
. This assortment will be sent free for two subscriptions to the Michigan
Farmer, either kind. Send all orders to Michigan Farmer, Detroit, Michi-
gan, or through any of our agents.

ALUMINUM WARE

Made of 99 per cent pure aluminum. Do not get this class of alumi-
num ware mixed with the cheap kindlt is good and substantial ware, heavy

as it should be to be of best service.
6 Quart Berlin Kettle. An 8-Quart Presemng Kettle

NMNHHHHHHW”

a:

This covered Berlin kettle is the
perfect roaster. A small roast can best

 

be made in our real Berlin shaped ket-
tle, with tight-fitting cover, on top of
a stove or gas flame. Allow the kettle
to get hot, and put in your roast and
keep turning until the roast is seared
all around; add your spices and cover
tightly. No lard or fat is required.

Price delivered, with the Michigan
Farmer one year, $1.40, or free for
three subscribers.

This set

pans. For

This is the popular size preserving
kettle, made of heavy gauge, and
holds full capacity. The head on all
these dishes is rolled solid and allows
no impurities to lodge.

Price, delivered with the Michigan
Farmer one year, $1.65, or free for
four subscribers.

A PUDDING PAN SET.

of three pudding pans is a real bar-

gain in wellmade and properly shaped pudding

baking beans, puddings, scalloped po-

tatoes, and many more delicious dishes, these
aluminum pans are greatly used in serving at
the table, and the food remains hot and does not
lose its flavor when cooked in aluminum pans.

 

 

Price, delivered with the Michigan Farmer one
year, $1.45, or free for three subscribers.

Address all orders to the Michigan Farmer,

Detroit, Mich.

 

 

 

Patent Tension Shear;

Good quality of material, eight inches long, _
spring tension bolt, preventing the blades from spreading,

clean cut the full length.

with patent adjustable
and givmg a

We have sent out thousands of these with excel-

lent reDOrts fro musers and they have been one of our most popular pre-

miurns.
. Mich-igan Farmer.

The Michigan Farmer; one year $ .
, Tension Shears, value... ............. 50
' Or with the Michigan 3 years $1.20; 5 years $1.70.

 

Shears alone, Free for sending. a club of two subscribers to the

OUR PRICE

» BOTH 700

POSTPAID.

 

 

31—571

 

Do you have good and bad luck with the cakes you bake? Why
not eliminate the luck and always have good cakes? With the Van
Deusen Cake Molds you don’t grease the pan, but allow the cake to
stick to the mold and it is held up, preventing it from falling in and
getting “soggy.” You remove the cake by lifting the slides and run-
ning a knife around the bottom and sides. Set consists of one Loaf
and two Layer Molds, one Measuring Cup, one Egg Whip and a copy
of Cake Rules and Recipes.

The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 OUR ““05
Van Dusen Cake Molds, value 1.00 Boggufildo

Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.60; 5 years $2.10.
Set alone, Free for sending a club of three subscribers to the
Michigan Farmer.

Rollman Meat and Food Chopper.

Every housewife should have a meat and food chopper, as it will
pay for itself many times over by the saving.of time and labor. This
chopper has very few parts and as the bowl can be opened, it is easy
to clean thoroughly. Sold everywhere for $1.50.

 

The Michigan Farmer, one year $ .50 OUR PRICE
Meat and Food Chopper, value 1.50 BOIOQP£!'60

Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $2.00; 5 years $2.50.
Chopper alone, Free for sending a club of four subscribers to
the Michigan Farmer.

 

Self-Pronouncing Holy Bible
Neatly bound, in black flexible leather. Fully
illustrated with beautiful engravings. Many

notes of explanation. Most complete bible pub-
lished.

i" pull),

llJLv,

em. .
h .

' with «but» s’,
» ‘r '3 ‘ A‘

The Michigan Farmer, 1 year $ .50 £61113"?ngst

Leather Bound Bible, value 2.00 POSTPMD.
Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $2.00;
5 years $2.50.
Bible alone, Free for sending a club of four
subscribers to the Michigan Farmer.

 

 

( J

Gleason’s Veterinary Hand Book and System of Horse Training.

Practically two books in one.

Part One: The Discovery and Practice of Vet-
erlnary Science, Diseases of Horses, Cattle, Sheep,
Pamltry, Swme, Dogs and Birds, and their Rem-
e we.

Part Two: System of Horse-training Devised
and Practlced by Prof. Gleason. This System was
investigated by the United States Congress and
ordered for use in the United States Army. The
book has 500 pages, Is bound in Heavy Paper
Covers and Illustrated.

The Michigan Farmer, 1 year $ .50 33%;?!“(38‘3

Gleason’s Horse Book, value .5 POSTPMDF
Or with the Michigan Farmer 3 years $1.30; 5

years $1.75.

Free for sending a club of two subscribers to the

 

Book alone,
Michigan Farmer.

 

GIRL’S WATCH.

It has not been an easy task heretofore
to get the small size watch which would
please a girl and keep good time, at a price
that would make it easily secured by a girl. At
last we have been able to make arrangements
with a manufacturer of high grade watches to
furnish us with an attractive six size watch,
with jeweled lever movement, quick train, a
,‘ White enamel dial, with second-hand. Pull out
.' I stem set. Nickle case, beautifully engraved,

, .. as per illustration. This watch is the smallest

. , genuine watch of its value to be secured and

has all the improvements to be found in
watches of a higher grade. Besides being at-
tractive and fully guaranteed, it is a thorough-
ly satisfactory time-piece.

. 7 The watch and the Michigan Farmer for 1
. —‘~/’ year for $2.00; 3 years 32.50; 5 years $3.
leen Free for 4 subscribers to the Michigan Farmer, either at
the special bargain price, 3 years for $1.00, or 5 years for $1.50 or
one year for 50 cents. ’

 

Get up a small club and get one of these ood
articles free—Send orders direct to the ichi-

gan Farmer or through any of our agents.

 


 

WRITE loda y for our
Early Buyer’s

[lioney-Savz'ngProp-
osiz‘z'on. Address nearest

ofice.
The Indiana Silo
Company
582 Union Bldg., Anderson,Ind.

582 Live Stock Exch. Bldg.,
Kansas City, Mo.

5 82 Indiana Bldg. ,Des Moines,Ia

582 Live Stock Exch. Bldg.,
Fort Worth, Tex.

_ men the Nortb mam 130155sz

HEN there is a forewarning of snow in the air and the stock

_ linger close to the sheltering windbreak of the barn, when the

color of the sky foretells that Old Boreas is coming to claim his

own and the very smell of winter is carried on the breeze, then

you realize that the period of high-priced feed is at hand. But this sea-

son brings with it no anxiety, no fear and no” uncertainty for the farmer

Whose summer crops are garnered with all their succulence and all their
food values unimpaired in an

[NgifiF/K ‘

He knows that he will have abundance of the kind of ration that
builds flesh on the backs of his fattening steers and distends the udders
of his cows with sweet milk, rich with butter—making fat. He knows that
his swine will fatten at little cost and that his feeding cattle will come
into the springtime in prime condition. He knows that the care of his
animals will be a pleasure untroubled by the hard drudgery of old-time
methods, that he will not have to go out into the icy fields and gather
corn fodder when the thermometer registers zero and that he can laugh
at blustering Winter. And he knows that the offal of his barns will re-
turn to his acres next spring those elements of fertility that will quicken
into life and yield him even more prolific crops next season.

Nearly fiftythousand farmers in all parts of the United States have
put the Indiana Silo to the test of service during the past thirteen years.
The first Indiana Silos ever erected are still standing, still in excellent
condition and still apparently good for indefinite years to come.

Perhaps it is because the evidences of prOSperity and contentment
are so invariably found on the farms that are built around the Indiana
Silo that this silo is familiarly spoken of as ” The Watch-tower of
Prosperity. ’ ’

 

‘3‘?)

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