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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





 





 





VOL. cxxxm. No.6.

Whole Number 3463.





DETROIT, MICE, SATURDAY, AUGUST 7, I909.





75 CENTS A YEAR

$1.50 THREE YEARS





 





 





FARM NOTES.





 





The Dodder Pest.





Being a reader of your paper, I am

sending you a sample of alfalfa and a

vine which I would like to have identified.

I fear a pest called dodder, and do not

know whether this is it or not. Please as-

certain and inform thru your paper. I

have read a lot about alfalfa and decided

to try to grow it on a piece containing

1% acres. .1 prepared a good’secd bed

and sowed the 17th of June, and today,

about 39 days after, have run the mower

over it to check the growth of weeds.

The alfalfa is now from 3 to 12 inches

high, or was before cut. They tell me I

cannot winter this plant here. Time will

tell. I would like to know further from

some one with more experience than 1

have why horses do not eat alfalfa stalks

in pastures where a few grow with other

graSSes. I now have them in full blossom

like soldiers about the field where horses

pasture. I sowed this four years ago with

other grasses, using a little sprinkling of

alfalfa seed.



Osceola Co. J. L. RAYFUSE.





'The two stalks of alfalfa and the sam-

ple of the vine which was found in the

field are reproduced (natural size) in the

half tone at the bottom of the page. The

vine is unmistakably dodder, and the cut

is presented in order to enable the reader

to recognize this pest the better if it

should be found growing in his clover or

alfalfa fields. Note the abundance of

the tangled growth, and how the fine tt—n-

dnils,of.{the vinelhave wound around the

, a. ,While they aré produced

m seed and make their original growth

from the ground, these fine wines. wind

around the alfalfa or clover, and their

secondary, sucking rootlets penetrate the

tissue of the growing legume, from which

they derive their future noux-islnncnt, and

after which all connection with the

ground is severed by this parasitic plant.

Its process of growth is continuous, new

centers of growth being established every

time it attaches to a plant, and as the

alfalfa or clover is killed by the parasite

at the point from which the colony start-

ed it spreads in a circle from that point.

The plant has a disagreeable habit of

maturing seed in its life.cycle, and these

are dropped to the ground as matured to

make new centers of growth for the par-

asite whenever conditions are favorable in

future years. The smaller cut was re—

produced from a small sample sent in by





another inquirer, where this pest was

found growing in a clover field. The small

section cut from the growth shows the

abundance of the vine and the manner in

which it has entwined the clover stalks.



The serious nature of this pest, and

its apparent presence in different sections

of the state has led us to emphasize the

necessity for its prompt eradication

wherever it appears, notwithstanding the

fact that it was commented on in the





is to completely destroy every colony dis-

covered,by a thoro burning on the spot,

with the aid of a suitable addition of

straw or other inflammable material to

insure the destruction of any seeds that

may have formed, as well as the plants

themselves. It is worse than useless to

allow a stand of alfalfa or clover, how-

ever good, to remain on the ground un-

less the dodder is eradicated from the

field, as the latter will spread until it





 





 





 





 





From a Sample of Red Clover, [Showmg’th'e Messtof’_Dodd‘eri.s'uirrounding It.





issue of July 24. It is easily recognized

from its habits of growth, which are well

illustrated in the accompanying cuts; its

color, which is a rather bright yellow

or orange, and is thus conspicuous, and

its effect upon the legume which it at-

tacks. Thc latter is the most conspicu—

ous sign of its presence after the colonies

are well developed, since it is likely to

grow in the shade of the plant and not

be conspicuous where there is a good

stand of alfalfa or clover, until the col-

onies are well established. For this rea-

son there is danger that it may have ma-

tured seeds to a point where they will

germinate before it is discovered. For

this reason, the best method of procedure





destroys the stand and the ground will

become so thoroly seeded that it will be

necessary to devote it to cultivated crops

for two or three years in order to eradi-

cate it. A word to the wise is sufficient.

The sooner dodder is eradicated from the

field after it is discovered, the cheaper

can that very necessary work he done.

Too great care cannot be taken in look-

ing out for the seeds of this post when

purchasing alfalfa or clover seed. It is

more apt to be gotten in the former, but

with its increasing prevalence the time

may soon come when it will be altogether

too common in clover seed. \Vhere there

is any suspicion that it may be present

in either the best plan is not to buy the





seed, or at lea-st to send a sample to the

state experiment station for examina-

tion. But where one finds that he has it

in seed already purchased it can be re-

moved from alfalfa seed by sifting it out

with a screen containing twenty meshes

to the inch. The seed of the dodder

most commonly found in this country Will

pass thru a screen of that mesh, while

the alfalfa seed will not.



There is no question with regard to

alfalfa enduring our Michigan winters

successfully. It has been growing for

years in all portions of the state and,

after the first winter, seems less liable

to winter—killing than clm'cr. SO far as

the reason for its being neglected by the

horses in the instance cited by the in-

quirer is concerned, it is probably due to

the fact that the alfalfa plants have be-

come so far advanced in their growth as

to be too woody or fibrous to be relished

by the horses. Alfalfa is a rapid grower,

and must be harvested at the right time

to make choice hay. Likewise the grow—

ing plants must be eaten by the stock

before they become too far advanced or

they will not be palatable. There is

plenty of evidence with regard to the

palatability of well made alfalfa hay.

The plant is better adapted to the making

of hay than as a pasture plant, yet it is

successfully pastured in some sections.

However, the stock that is not accustomed

to it will doubtless prefer the tender

grasses to which they are accustomed in

the pasture with the result that the al—

falfa may be neglected as noted in this

‘Lse.



( l lnoculating Soil for Alfalfa.



If alfalfa thrives and seeds abundantly

in a locality, is it proof positive that the

soil is properly inoculated with the nitro-

gen producing bacteria peculiar to alfalfa?

“‘ould it be of any advantage to spread

soil taken from around such plants over

a field already sown to alfalfa, with the

plants just nicely up? The plants men-

tioned are, growing on a gravel bank, and

as the field is to be plowed up on account

ofVIthin stand it would be possible to get

so: .



Montcalm Co. J. H. STEERE.



The fact that alfalfa plants are grow-

ing luxuriously in any place is sufficient

proof that the bacteria peculiar to the

plant is” present in the soil. So far as





the writer has been able to observe the





 





 





 





 





 





Stalks of Alfalfa showing Dodder Vines T/wlned About Them and a Tangled Mass of the Vine Showing How Thriftily it Grows. (Natural size.)
9O — j (2) "

plant'very seldom 'makes a good growth

on any soil where the bacteria is not

present, altho on a soil abundantly sup-

plied with nitrogen alfalfa would doubt"

less prove fairly successful or a limited

time without their presence. Generally

speaking inoculation by means of sowing

soil taken from a field where the plants

are growing successfully will prove suc-

cessful, but this may not always be the

case. From his experiments in this direc-

tion the writer is inclined to believe that

the conditionof the—soil upon which the

attempt 'is made has a good deal to do

with its successful inoculation. If an

acid condition prevails, inoculation will

probably fail to give desirable results

unless lime is applied to correct that con-

dtion. In one of his experiments with

the crop, the writer failed to secure a

perfect inoculation, altho the bacteria

‘th present in spots. In a recent visit

to the Upper Peninsula Experiment Sta-

tion, we made an examination of plants

sowed this pring on limed and ulimed

plats, and while the bacteria was present

in both, the root nodules were very much

more plentiful on the plots where lime

had been applied, notwithstanding the

fact that the soil was of—limestone forma-

tion, and alfalfa has been successfully

grown on other land at the station for a.

number'of years without liming. This

seems to be additional proof that it is a

good proposition to apply lime on any soil

that is to be devoted to alfalfa, and we

shall act on that principle with our next

year’s sowing. But whether lime is ap-

plied or not, where the soil for inocula-

tion purposes can be obtained as easily as

in this case it would be a profitable pre-

caution to apply it in any case. It may

not be needed. Experience shows that it

is not needed in many localities, but it

shows in an equally convincig manner

that good stands cannot be secured in

other localities without incolution, hence

the wisdom of taking this precaution

where alfalfa is to be sown on untried

ground.



For best results the soil used for in-

oculation should be narrowed into the soil

as soon as applied. but we believe it

would be worth a trial to apply it to this

stand that is already up. Most kinds of

bacteria. are not destroyed by drying, and

some of these little organisms would be

likely to be washed into the soil by the

rain. If the plants are large enough so

they would not be injured by a harrow

or weeder it would be a good plan to go

over the field with one or the other of

these implements after the inoculated

soil is sown, but the experiment would be

worth while in any event, and if tried a

check plot should be left for comparison

so the benefit derived can be more occu-

i'ately determined.





Late Cultivation of Beans and Potatoes.





Will it hurt beans to cultivate them

after they are in blossom or when they

are wet? \Vill it hurt potatoes to work

in them after they are in blossom? I have

been told not to ‘hill them up or work in

them at all after they are in blossom.



Gladwin Co. FLOYD Emma.





Level, shallow cultivation of either

beans or potatoes is not necessarily in—

jurious to them, either during or after

the blooming season, nor will the bean

crop be materially injured by cultivating

when the vines are wet with dew. lnder

some conditions this late cultivation of

either crop is most; desirable. For in-

stance, a heavy rain occurred last week

over a considerable portion of the eastern

part of the state. This rain soaked the

ground thoroly, but unless the crust which

will form as it dries out is broken, this

water that is stored up in the soil will.

evaporate rapidly. and unless rains are

frequent the crops in question may yet

suffer for moisture to mature the crop.

But if this crust is broken by a level,

shallow cultivation of the soil, the mois-

ture will be conserved for the benefit of

the crop and no possible harm could re-

sult from the cultivation, so long as it is

not deep enough to disturb the roots,

which would not result from a shallow

cultivation at this time in crops that

have been so recently cultivated. As

noted in the last issue, this problem of

late cultivation is one which must be

solved in each individual case with refer—

once to the conditions which obtain, but

in a case such as is above cited there is

no question about the profit of cultivat-

ing, and as a general proposition we

more often err on the side of too little'

than too much cultivation. Only this

morning the writer noticed a field of

beans that are commencing to bloom, al-

tho‘not more than eight inches high,

and that field has probably not been cul-

tivated more, than twice. This is now a

very promising looking bean field. but if

the owner failed to cultivate after the

heavy rain that has just-fallen, simply

because the vines are commencing to





\





 





   





 





bloom, the prospects of aerop Would be}

materially lessened. It is always safe to

cultivate as late as‘ seems for any reason

desirable, provided the 'late cultivations

are level and ‘shallow and provided too

long a. time has not been allowed- to

lapse between cultivations.





ALFALFA FOR MICHIGAN.





 





I have at this writing just finished cut-

ing and drawing ten acres of alfalfa, get-

ting thirty loads of choice hay from this

cutting.



The field was sowed five years ago,

and has been growing better every year

and not a forkful of manure has been'put

on the field in seven years. .



Now, the question in my mind is, Why

do not the farmers of Michigan grow

more of this crop. It will grow on al-

most any kind of soil that is dry, from

light sand to clay hills, and it seems to





'be peculiarly, adapted to hard clay soil





even without inoculation. My theory of

inoculation is this: W'herever sweet clo-

ver grows along the road sides the dust

from the roads which extends several rods

on either side is inoculation enough. On

my farm I think every field is inoculated

now from the application of manure from

stock fed on alfalfa. It is the best feed

I have on the farm for either cattle,

sheep or horses, and even hogs do well

on it. My horses will eat it while eating

their grain, taking a mouthful of first

one and then the other.





3..





 





3‘ .."-.’ 3' 3:: W ”13%;”:





'3





not a. good, a, Stand of bects. \Then 58am '5





on this same .‘and' cat field, on one

end of this we i‘med it at the rate or

1,500 pounds- of lime per acre and cer-

tainly the lime did no harm. The cats

are fully as good if not better there than





.. any other place in the field. I am inclined





to th’nk that the lime has had a beneficial

eflect upon the oats, and I am positive

that it did upon the germination of the

beets. , '



A Summer Shower.



On the morning of July 23 we had

quite a smart little shower of rain. The

ground was becoming quite dry, the pas-

tures and the oat crop needed rain quite

badly. Corn that had been well culti-

vated did not need it so much. We

were in the midst of haying and harvest-

ing for the entire day; but the next day

it was dried of? enough so that we could

cultivate or you could cut wheat, or

work in the hay field. Now I am in-

clined to believe that this shower of rain

did me more harm‘ than good, yet I did

not have anyfhay that was injured, nor

wheat that was injured. The idea is this:

Our corn was well cultivated. We had

a good earth mulch. If the day after

the rain we could have gone over the

entire area to be cultivated and stirred

it up, made an earth mulch, broke up

the crust, prevented the evaporation of

the moisture and saved this moisture, it

would have been a benefit; but we

couldn't do it. We have this summer 65

acres ‘of corn, potatoes and beets. NOW,





Most Of the farmers 01’ my acquaint-.we were tied up in haying and harvest-





ance say, “Yes, I must get into alfalfa,"

but when the time comes to sow they neg-

lect to try it. I have a small piece of

cats and peas which I am going to sow

this fear after the crop is harvested, but

one must do quick work and get it started

in time to stand the winter. I hope that

more of my brother farmers may be in-

duced to sow this valuable forage crop.

Lena-wee Co. ABNER WILSON.





 





Ll LLl E FARMSTEAD NOTES.





 





Nitro-Culture for Field Peas.



For a number of years I have noticed

that on certain fields, the peas which we

mix with the oats to grow for cow feed,

did not seem to do well. On other fields

we had a splendid crop. I have usually

attributed this to the fact that this oc-

curred usually on poorer ground—ground

that I have hot recently and is not under

as good a state of cultivation as the old

farm. On the old farm, whenever it

comes in the rotation to raise oats and

peas, the peas usually do well, but it has

occurred to me that perhaps this came

more from the fact that this soil does

not contain the bacteria which thrive

upon the roots of the plant and enable it

to get nitrogen from the atmosphere, in

order to make a more vigorous growth.

So consequently, last spring, I sent to the

agricultural college and got some nitro-

culture for peas. I got enough to inocu—

late ten bushels of seed and put this

inoculated seed on portions of two differ-

ent fields. Now you can notice without

very much difficulty just where we com-

menced to sow the peas that had been

inoculated.



Mr. Helmer Rabild of the dairy division

of the Departmcnt of Agriculture 0f the

U. S. Government, visited my farms.

short time ago, and I took him out to

inspect this experiment. I had piled three

small—sized stones in the drill mark where

We began to sow the peas that had been

inoculated. then we began looking on

either side of this, you could see that

there wasn’t; any question but what the

peas were better where the seed had been

inoculatd. But, thinking that our imagi~

nation might have something to do with

this, we walked thru the field, and when

we came to where we thot the experiment

began, we looked at. the crop carefully.

Mr. Rabild said: “I am certain that if

we follow this. drill mark we will come

to the three stones,” and following these

up carefully (the oats and peas were

about a foot high), we came directly to

the mark. Now, this shows without any

question that the nitro-culture had pro—

duced quite a marked improvement in

the growth of the crop.



lee.



I also made some quite extensive ex-

periments with the use of lime on dif-

ferent fields and on different crops. The

corn crop is not far enough along yet to

notice whether the lime has made any

difference or not, but on the sugar beets

there isn’t any question but what there

is a better stand where we put on lime

than there is on the strip Where we

left off the lime. Anybody can see this

going along the road. There is enough

difference so that a casual observer would

make it the subject of remark. There

are strips in the field where there is





ing so that we could only spare one team

to cultivate and one pair of horses looks

rather lonesome in 65 acres. Of course

this is not all in one field, but that is

the idea. Now, the result is that a crust

has formed and we are unable to culti-

vate when we ought to, and consequently

I believe that the corn ground today,

and portions of the beet and potato

ground is drier probably than it was be-

fore this rain, because we had checked

the evaporation of moisture before. Now

the rain has packed doWn the surface

and formed a crust, and the moisture has

evaporated much more rapidly, and we

are powerless to prevent it until after

We get the wheat hauled. Therefore, I

believe that my corn and potatoes would

have been in better condition had it not

rained at all. Possibly for the growing

oat crop it was a benefit. Had I known

just what the weather was going to be,

that there was going to be no more rain

for a certain number of days, Sothat 1

could have got in the hay and the wheat

without getting wet, it certainly would

have payed me to have stopped haying

and harvesting and put all the teams to

cultivating until the surface was stirred

up. But I dare not do it.

COLON C. LILLIE.‘





 





A SIMPLE REMEDY FOR DESTROYING

GRASSHOPPERS.





 





The Griddle mixture, so called, for the

wholesale destruction of grasshoppers, has

been tested at and near the Upper Penin-

sula Experiment Station at Chatham, and

the results, according to Superintendent

Geismar’s statement, are extremely grat-

ifying. The mixture was first tried on a

40—acre farm with sandy soil

grasshoppers had already destroyed near-

ly one—half of a twenty-acre hay field.

Ten days later only a few scattering

grasshoppers could be seen on this farm,

and after the undamaged hay was cut

and removed, the ground was found to be

literally covered with dead grasshoppers.



At the experiment station the fight

against the grasshoppers was thot to be

more difficult owing to the great variety

of crops which are being tested and the

greater variety of feed which is thus af-

forded to the grasshoppers. The remedy,

however, proved to be equally successful,

and it is evident that the mixture suits

the taste of the grasshopper better than

any growing crop.



The mixture consists of one pound of

Paris green and two pounds of salt,

which are mixed with fifty pounds or

horse manure, one or two pailfuls of

water being added to facilitate the mix-

ing. A shovelful for every four to six

rods square was found to be sufficient,

and is most effective when deposited

upon dry sandy knolls. Grasshoppers

feed upon the mixture more freely while

it is moist, hence clear horse manure,

free from straw or other litter, is prefer-

able on account of being more compact

and for this reason better able to retain

moisture. ~



Since the mixture has been applied

there have been several heavy rains, but

careful observations have shown that the

effectiveness of the mixture has been re-

duced but very little. As one application

seems to be suflicient, there is thus af-





l





».





remedy against; an loam whiehism ,v

injurious _,d’izrlng dry seasons, mafia.)





thruout the northern part (91 inimitab-





and ~Wisconsl~n has caused tens offhan-





'sands of dollars' worth of damage to hay





where .





and other crops during the past two seas

sons,





 





The Engine That Almost Runs the Farm.



A. new' era in farming, in which a

larger percentage of the hardest Work

will be done by engine power, ‘is fore-

shadowed by the new Fuller & Johnson

Farm Pump Engine. This wonderful in-

tie engine is so easily moved about and

so adaptable to different uses that it al-

most runs the farm. It is primarily a

pump engine,‘ which attaches to any

standard force pump by means of four

common nuts and gets down to business

instantly, requiring no pump jack, no

special platform or concrete foundation.

It works on a “roving commission”—al-

ways ready for quick removal

point on the farm where power is re-

quired. It is equally at home at the

pump or in the barn, milk house, tool

house, cellar, kitchen or out in the open

field. It works in any well which a wind-

mill will pump, and supplies such an

abundance of water that it can even be

used for irrigating small tracts. But its

simplicity, lightness and adaptability to

the operation of all kinds of light machin-

ery give“ it tremendous additional value

as a practical labor-saver. The Farm

Pump Engine has a pulley which permits

it to be used to run the various machines

intended for hand-power operation. It

runs the cream separator, turns the

grindstone, operates the farming mill,

feed cutter, horse clipper, washing ma-

chine, wood saw, churn, spray pump, etc.,

etc. It can be fitted with a pipe for

extra air chamber or “head” and will

throw a stream, of water as high as a

house, giving fire protection worth hun—

dreds or perhaps thousands of dollars.

The same attachment brings it into use

for washing buggies, cleaning windows,

sprinkling the lawn or watering the gar-

den. If the boys are of a mechanical turn

of mind, the Farm Pump Engine will

furnish power for running scroll saws,

turning lat-hes and other light machinery

which boys delight to run. The Fuller

& Johnson Co., Madison, Wis., who orig-

inated this marvelous engine, have print—

ed a book which gives all the facts. Cop-

ies of. the book are free for the asking.

Every progressive farmer will be deeply

interested in the description of the en—

gine and what itlwill actually do. We

have only given a general idea of the

subject. The book covers the ground

completely. It is absorbingly interesting

and we would be glad to have every

reader of this paper write direct to the

company for a copy.





 





An improved Hay Press.

The Whitman Agricultural Company. 'St.





Louis, Mo, have added a new and valu-- ,





able feature to their already excellent

line of hay presses. This is a self-feed,

positive pull back without a spring, and

serves to completely eliminate the old

style spring process, so often the cause

of delay and expense in loss of time, to

say nothing of the annoyance and labor

caused the operator. The new appliance

is so constructed as to form a positive

connection with the press mechanism so

that the pull back is accomplished as

smoothly and inevitably as tl.e operation

of the press, and there is no longer pos—

sibility of twisting or jamming, as in the

Operation of the spring. All those inter-

ested in hay presses will appreciate the

value of this innovation, a detailed de-

scription of which is furnished by the

manufacturer. The Whitman Company

are the largest manufacturers of both

horse and power hay presses in the world,

and are issuing an attractive descriptive

catalog setting forth the special" features

of this and their other lines of high—grade

agricultural machinery,





Found! Half a Million Acres Fertile

Farm Land.





There is great interest this year in the

opening of three reservations in the west,

and thousands are going out to file claims.

These are among the last public lands

remaining of the once almost limitless

national possessions. Do you know what

“reclaimed” land is? Write today to the

Little River Valley Land 00., . . . Himmel-

berger-H‘arrison Bldg, Cape Girardeau,

Mo., for a free copy of their large illus-

trated book, which tells all about this

wonderful soil and the interesting way

in which it is prepared for yielding such

immense crops. Their announcement ap-

pears on page of this issue. Refer

to it for full particulars and write them

today. Please mention this paper in do—

mg so.





Your State and County Fair.





Every farmer should recognize his per-

sonal responsibility in the matter of his

State and County Fair. The measure of

success of these institutions depends on

the interest the farmers show in them

The fairs are run rimarily for the farm;

ers ‘benefit—ln t e interest of better

farming, selentific farming, more profit-

able farming,_ You caYmOt Spendaday at

tfillledifgrggven If yougo not exhibit without



me new ll ‘

3'08 for going.‘ Hg that Will repay

ne of the mos .

of the fair t Valuablg

hibit.





. departments

is the farm machinery ex—





ed machinery in an hour than he can by





reading catalogs all ‘wint



._ er Ion . For in-

stance. an hour or tw0 spentgin looking

over the London ‘





put you in possession of in!

$111)] legible you to make youfls‘traitlgntrtggf

Show you sanitary _at small expense, and

den Mach' ow to lighten labor. The Lou-

in thisci mery Company’s advertisement

of their Sggfprféft :omdething Of the value

in -

tion to meet them at'tlfgnftafiirrf‘s an invite





forded’ a very effective and measure :_





to any .





 

 





 





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FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





 





Summer Care of the Feeders.



The man who is planning on feeding

any kind of stock for the market this

year, and is running some or all of his

feeders over summer, should not forget

that his chance of making a profit on the

feeding operations may be lost by poor or

improper care of the feeders during the

late summer and early fall. With grain

and forage at the prices which are sure

to prevail during the coming feeding sea-

son, it will take good management to

make a profit on feeding stock, over and

above the market value of the feed which

they eat. Under modern conditions it is

the handy light weight cattle and the

early matured lambs that are the favor-

ites, and to produce these it is essential

that the feeders be kept growing and de-

veloping constantly. While pastures have

been fairly good during the early part of

the season, the late dry weather has

shortened them materially, and while the

copious rains which have fallen this week

over a considerable portion of the state

will revive them considerably, yet the

feeders will need some supplementary

feed during the next few weeks if they

are to be kept growing and developing in

a desirable manner, and the lambs that

are to be fattened will need extra feed

and care at weaning time, which is the

crucial point in their career. It will not

pay to neglect either, for time lost now

will increase the length of the feeding

period required to secure a proper de-

velopment and finish.



The farmer who has provided some

supplementary forage for use at this sea-

son has solved this problem in the most

Satisfactory manner, but the farmer who

has not done this will find that it pays

to feed the young cattle some bright clot-

ver hay and a little grain, if the pastures

are short, and that it will pay still bet—

ter to supply the lambs with a liberal

grain ration from weaning time on. The

cost of making a‘ pound of beef or mutton

when the weather is warm and when a

portion of the feed is gleaned from the

fieldetis certainly less than the cost of

making it in the barn upon all dry feed,

and when the fact is considered that if

the animal is allowed to stop growing

and become stunted to any degree, that it

takes additional feed and time to get him

in proper thrift again before profitable

gains are possible, there should not be

a remaining doubt in the mind of the

feeder that it will pay to give a supple-

mentary ration in the pasture at all times

when the feed available will not keep the

young stock in a thrifty growing condi—

tion. So the farmer who is confronted

with this proposition has but two pos-

sible courses open to him which promise

a good chance for a profit in the produc-

tion of these feeders, the one being sup-

plementary feeding to keep them in a.

thrifty condition, and the other being to

sell them to some one who is looking

for feeders and who will pay more for

them before they have become stunted

in development from lack of proper feed

than they will after that too frequent re-

sult is apparent. By all means keep the

young animals growing to the limit of

their capacity or dispose of them at once.

There is no middle course which will

make their production a source of profit

to the owner.





IMPROVING THE FLOCK.





In improving a flock of sheep the

average flock owner places too much

stress upon the importance of the breed—





 





ing rams in the improvement of the

flock. My experience in handling and

breeding shecp has convinced me that





the only permanent improvement of the

flock must be brought about through the

direct co—operation of the influence of

both the ewe and the ram. The man who

has a flock of inferior ewes of mixed

breeding may bring about great improve—

ment by the continued use of improved

breeding rams, but if this improvement

is made permanent he must keep up a

systematic selection of the ewes that are

to be kept for breeding purposes. As

the flock more nearly reaches perfection

the necessity of selecting the breeding





ewes with equal consideration becomes

more apparent.

Every experienced flockmaster knows





that among his breeding ewes that throw

individuality in their progeny, there are

two distinct classes, the positive and

the passive. The positive possess an in-

dividuality by the right of inheritance,

and they are capable of'enriching the





I





 





' THE ’IMTICHIGAN‘ FARMER. ~ 9





blood line in volume and . momentum‘.

The passive are perhaps lacking Jn both

quality and breeding and simply serve

as a channel through which the ram

throws his type, and are unreliable as a

breeding on or perpetuating force.



This point is very fbrcibly illustrated by

noting the excellent. results often ob

tained by mating a pure bred ram with

a flock of very inferior ewes. The prog-

eny will many times closely resemble

the ram, and for all we can see they are

fully his equal in every rcspect, but it

these cross-bred individuals are kept for

breeding purposes, they cannot be relied

upon to reproduce themselves in type or

quality. Their dams of inferior breeding





simply acted as channels through which.





the pure bred sire threw his type, and

they have added nothing to the volume

or momentum of the blood line. In the

prospective breeding ewes we must have

individuality and breeding if we scour:

the best results, and these must come

from the two currents that compose their

blood lines-great sires and great dams.





In selecting breeding ewes there are a

number of things that should be kept

constantly in mind, and no flockmaster

can afford to go about the work ignor-

ing their relative importance. The first

point to look for in selecting breeding

ewes is constitutional vigor. An animal

that shows indications of constitutional

weakness and a lack of physical force

and energy should be discarded at once,

for these qualities are very essential in

the early development of a profitable

lamb. A ewe that is constitutionally

weak can generally be detected by the

appearance of her fleece, a narrow chest

and dull, sluggish movements. If the

appearance of the ewe does not satisfy

you, catch her and examine her care-

fully, note the quality of her progeny,

and if she does not measure up to the

set standard of quality that you desire

to maintain in the flock, put her in the

fattcning pen. There are many things to

be considered in determining which ewes

to keep over for breeding purposes, and

it is an excellent plan to keep a record

of the performance of each individual in

the flock so that it may be referred to

at the time the selections are being

made for the next year's breeding flock.

On this record of performance should

be noted the conditions, for oftentimes

cwes lose their lambs for no other cause

than mismanagement on the part: of the,

flock owner, and it is folly to discard

a good individual unless she is a failure

under favorable environment and condi—

tions, as they are well worth another

trial. The ability of a owe to properly

nourish her lambs is of great; impor—

tance for owes that do not afford their

lambs plenty of nourishment are

poor property. Of course the kind and

quality of food given the ewes during

prcgnancy frequently affects their milk-

ing qualities during the entire season,

but in the majority of cases we are com—

pcllcd to rely upon the quality of the,

lamb in determining the future value of

the ewe in the flock.



Breeding ewes that are in any way dis-

cascd should not be retained for breed-

ing stock, for their progeny are apt to

inherit such diseases and transmit them

to their progeny. There is plenty of

difficulty with disease in a flock of sheep

without inviting and fostering the vorv

elements that will destroy the results

of systematic and careful selection. Nono

but the best and most vigorous individ—

uals that are free from all hereditary

diseases should b‘ selected for breeding

purposes if we aim to build up a good

uniform and profitable flock. Great re—

gard should be paid to the sire and gen~

cral contour of the ram that is selected

to head the flock. His structure should

be fir-- and massive, with a broad and

capacious breast, without a dispropor-

tionate lcngth of legs, well formed and

fully dcvclopcd quarters, especially the

hind quarters. I'Iis loin should be stout

and well knit; his features bold and mas-

culine. A firm, muscular neck with a

bold, courageous cye are indicative of

spirit and vigor. The head should be

long, but rather small and finely mould-

ed. These appearances denote excellence

in rams of every breed. I do not believe

in selecting extremely large rams nor

those that are weak in one point and

sfror~ in another. Study the breeding

ewes and select a ram that will have a

tendenCy to correct any weaknesses or

deficiencies that they may possess. In

the purchase or selection of a ram great

care should be exercised as to what his

appearance would be When in his normal

condition, for it is unsafe to rely upon

the form or appearance of sheep, when

these have been created either by ex-

ternal applications or by high and un-

natural forcing. It is more than likely





 





(8)





 





that their progeny will be injured rather

than improved by such methods. While

the selection of.the ram is of great im-

portance, yet I do not believe that he

represents as large a factor in the im-

provement ,of a flock of sheep as many

writers would lead us to believe, especial-

ly when the flock is well bred‘ and the

ewes nearlyas good in quality as the pure

bred rams that are used in the work of

improvement.

. New York. W. MILTON KELLY.





GETTING THE MOST—FROM FARM

STOCK.





 





WILL not SCAR 0R BLEMISH.





GOMBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM





Is the safest and most effective lotion or

blister for ailments of





HORSES and CATTLE





and supersedes all cautery or firin .



It is prepared exclusnvely by J. . Gom-

bault, ex-Veterinary Surgeon to the French

Government Stud.





As 3 HUMAN REMEDY for Rheu-

matism.b18pralnl. Sore Throat, eta, It

i l e.

afilli‘ltlrg‘iz'yubottle of Caultlc Balsam sold in

Warranted to ive satisfaction. Price .





 





There seems to be a desire within us,

which has either come from habit, or

from an inherent love for gain, to get all

we can from the stock we raise on the

farm. It seems, sometimes, that we de-

mand more for what we have to sell than

the intrinsic value within it will warrant.

There is a sort of prevailing price, and

we all want about the same; the man

who has the stock of good quality does

not always get what it is really worth,

and the man who has the stock of me-

dium of quality gets more than his Is

worth, in one sense, as the dealers seem

to aim to pay a uniform price in order





per bottle. 90 d by druggists or sent by ex-

7 ‘ ’ . ' ' es aid, with full directions for Itl

10 ret'tln the patronage 0f as large a $2.8mSgddgforpdescriptive circulars. testimo-





number as possible.



At the present time I wish to call at-

tention to some 'practices wherein we

cheat ourselves. One thing I wish to

mention is the lack of interest sufficient

to get the most from the young stock

we raise on the farm. In the first place

we are too often short-sighted when we

raise colts on the farm. “’e breed to thc

stallion that is most convenient, and the

services of which can be had for a small

figure, and the result is, we raise. colts

that are too slow in maturing, and are

of too little value to leave a good margin

of profit. We are contented if the colt at

three years of age brings, or is worth to

keep, from a hundred to a hundred and





nlals. etc. Address





on LAWRENGI-WILLILIS GOIPANY. Olovollnd. Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 

     





- M COWS

MORE 5985:: 5&8». Houses!





Why buy feed and let flies rob your profits

Keep flies off your stock and they'll take on fluh. Cows

giro 5‘ more 8: richer milk, and horse: do more and better

work on less feed. Animals pestered by tile- un't digest

food. Shoo-Fly keeps on" files it insects in puture long-

or dun any imitation. Protect your stock by spraying





8/10on -,





“JADE VAPK PAC: '

Kllh every fly It urine! Me. worth saves 3 qt-. milk.

1 gal. protects 3 animals a season. Cures nIl norm, and

Heals from bottom without scab.





 

   

   

   

   

   

   





‘ . . ' . , . _ . , . prevents infection.

fifty dong” S" It IS (1' “ O” leOan deL Prevents itching. Nollilug better fur gulls. Used by

llltlt gl'tltlt‘ tll‘ufi‘ colts, sired by DUI'O bl‘C‘d leading veterinarians and dairymen Illltiu 1885. erto





   

 





 





for teetlmnnlnls. Kills Ike and mites wherever Sprayed.

Accept no substitute. If your dealer hasn't. It send his

name and $1, and we’ll send enough Shoo-Fly to protect

3 animufs 80 days and Improved 3-tuhe gravity sprayer.

Nome Exp. otllce. $1 refunded if nnlmnlu not protected.

Shoo-Fly Mfg. 00.. |832 N. 10th Ht.,Phlla-.Pa.

Agents wanted everywhere. Special terms. erto todny.





   





draft stallions, Weighing iroin 1,200 lbs.,

up, are selling around $201) each, at three ‘

years of age. A little pains taken to use .

a pure bred draft stallion makes a dif-

ference of from $50 to $100 per colt. The

cost of raising one is about the same as





   

   

   





   





Editor knows irom experience Shoo-Fly to 0. K.





 





the other. The grade drafter is more — ,_ , ~—



often sought for, at the price he will LAMENESSfromn Bone Spavln. Ring

bring. than the mongrel. It is worth tho 1affai’bisflligitgglgbpi‘gsv33“ or simi-

while. to consider which pays best.





If we are raising calves on the farm “’4“





_ABSORBINE





   





 





sell in the market for beef, we can see

that thcrc is a considerable difference in Full directions in pamphlet with each

the wei-ht of the animals that can be, home-$100“”Otnem’deale"ordenvered‘





Horse Book 9 D free.

AHSUIHIINE, JR” for mankind, 81

a bottle, removes Painful Swellings, En-





 





ra iscd. If \Vt‘ Use a mongrel sire w e

will have calvcs flint are unthriftv slow ‘

‘ ‘ ’ larged Glands. Goitre. Wens. Bruises. Var!





maturing and unprofitable. If we use a cose Veins, Varicosities, 01d Sores, Alleys Pain.

pure-bred sire of some one of the. beef,W.F.YOUNG.P.D.F.,268T€leC SI.,Sprlnallc|d.Ilau.





breeds, we have calves that have within

.1





 





 





 





them an inherent dcsirc for food and Willi

make much from what they consume,

and \thii tlicy have rcachOd that market

can, say two years old, there is a demand





for them, and the ultimate price they ’ DR- FAIR’S NEW

can be sold for is fully $20 each more 3

than can be realized on thc mongrel cough & Heave





brcd animal. The grade animals are more

comely to look Upon, and are a stimulus

to cncouragcmcnt to make something of

them, while the mongrels are a source of.





i





 





REMEDY





If you hve never tried Dr. Fair’s New Cough

and Kenya Remedy send 40 for a regular 25c





 





 





discimragcmcnt, and on account of a bOX-lZ doses, enough {01‘ 6 days’ treatment.

hick of .lnIOl est in them, we fall into 30 Days, Treatment alias/”$557) s I Ioo

1e habit of neglecting them, and lose

money by it. DR. FAIR VETERINARY REMEDY COMPANY,

The same rule holds true with the DR- W- 0- FAIR. V- 5-.

sheep and hogs. The lambs from a pure 5712'5714 Carnegie Avenue, GIOVOIBMJMO.

bred sire of some one of the mutton





 





 





breeds can be fed along to market

weights much younger tha l thc indiffer-

cnily bred ones, and can be Sold for at

least one-third mm‘c, lnwaiisc.tl1c;\' are of

lv“cr quality and in better demand.



The old long-legged, long-noscd slouch—





HARRIS





\\ STEEL CHAIN HANGING:





Woodiined Sianchions





 

 





cared, slab—sided, narrow-backcd, crook- x,” And Sanitary Pipe Stalls.



, '7 . . , 1/ make the moat sanitary stron '

S ( (T _ ( i T ‘ r ‘ gent

hmkcd, light h lllllnttl' hog should have A and neatest appearing barn equip-

been relcgatcd to obliv1on before this, ment. Send for descriptive Eire"-

but he has not been, and to the discredit lore and get ourprlces before you





equip your barn.





THE HARRIS MFG. CO

316 Cleveland Ave" Salynfffizlo.





COOPER’S

TREE SPRAYS





Vl—For Trees in Dormant state

VZ—For Summer Use .

V3—For Leaf-eating Insects





of men who ought to haw bottcr judg-

ment. He is still hanging on, taking a

year and a half to reach market weights,

and when he is sold, the inferior parts,

of the, carcass rcprcscnt too large a perel

ccntage of the whole weight to makci

him profitable. If a pure brcd sire of

some of the improved brccds is used, the

pigs will be compact, will feed readily and

reach market weights at from eight to

ten months of age; make their gains

cheaper and yield a good pt‘l‘f‘t’lltflge of

profit when sold. At the moderate price

for which pure bred sires of the im-I

proved breeds can be bot, no communityl

can afford to use a mongrel, or a haphaz-

ard bred board. It is a losing game every ,

time it is played.



The dairy business is spreading to near—

ly all parts of the country. Very many

of the cows do not pay their keeping.





 





 





   

 

 





 

 





i





 





Efl’ective in the highest de 09. Are hi

.nc'entrnted. 'Absolutely unr'ftorm in strangely.

Mix instantly with water. One part to 100 parts

water. 0 sediment to clog nozzles. Harmless

to the trees and user. Non-poisonous to animals

grazing under trees. Invxgorate and cleanse

the tree. Write for pamphlet of convincing testimony.





Wm. Cooper 81 Nephews. 177 Illinois St.. Chicago
9,2 (or

If every community where dairyingpre-

vails would .secure a good dairy sire. of

the breed that is most popular there,

the heifers that could be raised from

him would be much more profitable than

the cows from Which they came; be more

uniform, and represent a value each of

from $10 to $25 above the value of their

dams. V



By co-operating by communities, and

using good, pure bred sires, the general

character of the live stock could be so

improved that it would be uniformly bet-

ter than it now is, and sell for better

prices in the market, thus bringing bet-

ter returns, and give more universal sat-

isfaction to all that are interested. Surely

a little figuring and careful consideration

ought to be sufficient to convince the

most incredulous.





Wayne Co. D. JOHNSON.





 





VVYVYYVVYYWYVYYvY—VYYYYVV





‘ VETERINARY :





A—LAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA





CONDUCTED BY DR. W. C. FAIR,

CLEVELAND OHIO.





 





 





 





 





Advice thru this department is free to

our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably find

the desired information in a reply that

has been made to some one else.





 





Partial Paralysis—I have a pig four

months old that has partially lost the

use of its hind quarters. Part of the

time he has poor use of his hind quarters

and is hardly able to walk. F. T., Beal

City, Mich.——Pigs that lose use of their





hind quarters during the summer months





have generally been fed an unbalanced

ration or given too much food and had

too little exercise, or kept in a damp,

shaded, ill-ventilated place. Perhaps your

pig has rickets, Feed more Oats and oil

meal, also plenty of green food, also feed

lime and apply equal





some air slackcd _ '

parts turpentine, tincture nux vomlca,





spirits camphor and alcohol to back once

a day. The DOVVUIS should be kept open

by feeding laxative food, and your pigs

had better be exercised more.

Sprained Fetlock Joint—Fine large COW

went lame in one hind leg. Have ex-

.amined the foot very closely and find no

iwound or sore part. The ankle joint is

filiadly swollen and there is also some

swelling about foot. This lameness came

on th'ree days ago. In the morning she

:went to pasture traveling sound, when

she returned in the evening she was

quite lame. I thought she had perhaps

snagged herself or sprained ankle, but I

have heard since that some of my neigh-

bors have had similar cases where the

foot broke open, therefore it must be a

sort of foot disease. The swelling does

not extend much above the fctlock joint.

F. I.., Twining, Mic-lr—I do not believe

that your cow suffers from foot disease,

but her trouble is the result of an accl-

dent caused by either a sprain or bruise.

Apply equal parts tr. arniea. spirits cum-

phor, extract witch hazel and alcohol to

sore parts twice a day.

IIOI'SI‘ Ilas Sore Neck—4 have a horse

that has a sore, on top of neck caused by





collar. The. neck is considerably in-

ilamcd, the hair is sloughiug out, but

the, sore has a hard center. I have,





washed it with salt and soda water and

applied an ointment. None of these appli-

cations appear to have done it any good.

A. P. L., Burt Mich.—'l‘he small core in

Sore on top of lit-ck should be cut out

with a sharp knife. A hard bunch of this

kind under collar acts as an irritant,

making it impossible to heal the sore





until it is removed. Apply pcroxide-

hydrogen three times a day. a few Inm-

utos after these applications apply equal





parts iodoi‘orm. powdered alum and borac

acid. Ointments applied during the hot

weather have nevcr giw-n me satisfactory

results until the wound was healed.





Pigs C‘IIIgII."—‘I wish you would tell me

what to do for my pigs. They appear to





be growing fairly Well, but are troubled

with a cough. Am feeding corn, whcat

Screenings and oats. It. ll. 8., Albion,

Mich.-Y0ur pigs are perhaps coughing





the result of stomach worms. Give them

some of the following compound powder in





their iced night and morning. Ground

gentian, ground ginger. ground (plasma,





a tablespoonful to each full grown hog at

a dose twice a day for a week then let





up a week and repeat. If any of thcm

are very bad give 2 oz. of a one per

cent. solution of coal tar creosote, or

give 20 or 30 drops turpentine in 2 oz.





of sweet oil occasionally when their stom-

ach is empty. Cooking their feed for a

week will also bcnciit them; besides

scalding their feed trough. If their bowels

are costive, give them a dose of castor

oil.



Fractured Hip.~——My thirteen year old

horse ran against a tree injuring the

point of the hip. This accident occurred

July 10th. Hc (lid not appear to be hurt

much, consequently we put him to work

mowing the following day. He soon got

real lame and we quit working him and

he has been idle ever since. The sore-

neSs now does not appear to be on point

of hip. but about two inches above it.

He does not swing or drag his leg while

walking, but merely steps short—we have

been using a wash to reduce the soreness,

but that is all we have done for him.

R. W. L., Dearborn, Mich.—It is possible

that a simple fracture of the point of the

hip has occurred at the time of accident

and working your horse may have dis-





placed the piece of broken bone—or it is

possible that the parts are badly bruised.

In'either case the horse should be given

absolute rest, kept in one position, feed

cooling laxative diet. also apply the fol-

lowing lotion: dissolve 1,4, lb. sugar of

lead. add 1/2 pt. tincture opium, also 1 pt.

tincture arnica to a gallon of. water and

apply to bruised or fractured part two

or .three times a day. -





Ophthalmia in Cattle—My cattle are

having eye trouble; first symptoms are. a.

watery discharge from one or both eyes

which continues for two or three days,

then a scum appears to cover the eye

ball. Some of them are affected in one

eye only, but others in both. They are

running in brush land, have plenty of

feed and pure well water to drink. R.

M., 'VVilliamston, Mich.—-Apply a satu-

rated solution of borac acid to eyes once

a day, also dissolve 2 grains sulphate

zinc, 1 grain sulphate atrophia in an ounce

of water, and apply this to eye once a.

day. Blowing a little calomel into the

eyes once a day, a few days after they

have been sore. will help. Give each of the

cattle that have sore eyes a pound of

epsom salts if their bowels are not loose.





Curb—Horse sprained his leg 15 months

ago bringing on a curb. I have blistered

it frequently with different preparations,

but the horse shows lameness when trot-

ting. What treatment do you recom-

mend? G, S., Mendon, Mich—Blisters

having failed, you had better have your

local veterinary fire him lightly and I

fully believe it will prove successful. In

my practice and at my hospital I very

often have to resort to this heroic means

of treatment before the horse will go

sound. Of course this line of treatment

is a little ancient and a little old fashion-

ed, however, results ju'stify it being done

when other milder remedies have failed.





 





Unintentional Cruelty by Misfit Collars.



Now, why does this happen? The an-

swer is easy. All the English hame col-

lars are made in practically four patterns,

and they don‘t fit and can’t be‘made to

bring the pressure where it ought to be

—on a horse's shoulder, and when the

horse is made to work at labor Where

constant pressure is brot to bear on the

shoulder, and the collar so presses on the

neck as to hurt the horse, he swings his

body out to get relief and to change the

bearing on his neck. This causes the

swellings and galls, or if it doesn't, after

a few days‘ work the horse becomes

swecnied or gets stiff and sore in the

shoulders and sometimes actually be-

comes chronically lame—by old-time

horsemen called chest founder sometimes.



To be brief about it. horses’ shoulders

and necks are as different in their con-

formation as are men‘s feet. In order

for persons to walk easily their shoes

must fit the feet; so a horse, in order to

pull loads. plow or do other farm work

must have a collar that will fit the

shoulder so as to bring the draft where

it should be, or trouble will follow. All

along the years man has been using horses

in collars that were inflicting pain and

injury to many a noble beast simply be-

cause it has been a custom to so get power

from a horse. \Vhat I am saying re-

garding this collar I am saying not for

the benefit of the manufacturers. I don’t

know them. I am saying what I do for

the benefit of the horses

This collar is in use on my own farm

team and I will not use any other except

for light driving. Try them, if you wish

to save your young horses in the future.

If you wish to learn more about them send

to the Humane Collar Company. No, 1609

Lowe St, Chicago Heights, 111.. or No.

1364 South 13th St., Omaha—C. D.

Smead, V. S.





Steel Roofs Guaranteed Against Lghtning.





A foolish prejudice aganst supposcd

damage from lightning has kept some

farmers from having one of the safest

and most economical roofs known on

their buildngs.



To reassure that Edwards





such people





“Reo” Sit-cl Shingles are lighIning-prrmf,

The Edwards Manufact‘uring Company





huvo islsucd a EMILIWH guaranty bond

against lightning, and are ready to pay for

any of their roofs so damaged. They also





state that these steel shingle roofs are

the In'sl protection against tire, and any-





one who knows the ease with which Wood

sliillglc or pl'cparcd iwmiiiigs burn will

agree with them. This is a very important

thing to consider on the farm where

buildings are usually in groups, and it is

hard to prevent flames spreading from

one to the other.



The Edwards “Rco” Steel Shingles are

also very attractive to the farmer for the,

reason that he can lay them himself with

hammer and nails in about one-fifth the

time it takes to lay wood shingles. They

will outlast four wood roofs and six com-





position roofs, and thus are the cheapest

in 1111‘ long run to use for almost any

purpose.



The Edwards Manufacturing Company





are the, largest makers of iron and steel

rooting in the country, and for this rea-

son can quote the very lowest prices on

Steel Shingles, Corrugated, Plain or

(‘rinip Roofing, Imitation Brick Siding.

etc. They pay the freight on orders of 5

squares and over.



They have informed us that their latest

big catalog is just off the press. and 8213’





they will be glad to send it to anyone

who desires to know about roofs which

last a lifetime without repairs.





“'0 suggest our readers write to them

addressing The Edward< Manufacturing

Co., 903-923 Lock St, Cincinnati, Ohio.





The Ohio Tractor Mfg. 00.. makers of

the “Square Deal” Hay Presses announce

that in order to keep up with their rapidly

,increasing buSiness, they have moved their

entire establishment from Delaware, Ohio.

to Marion, Ohio, In their new plant their

capacity Will be increased several fold, and

all orders will have prompt attention.

Their advertisement appears in this issue,



I





THE MICHIGAN





of America. .





 

 

 





 

 





   





w a

..





" ‘ , 7“,; . y nu Condensing



- "hr";- Hopper. J‘flofion



a Clutches, .Doublo

Goon; only Id!

fender dud-pond-

ers! of plunger.

. lay other ex-

glint" natural.





 





 





top Buying Sweat Pads!

Ilse Hameless Adluslablo Collars,

and k our horses in war-kin cob-

, ditiomdaysin the year. No games

to buy or Pads to botherwith. Fits

it; any horse. indestructible. cheapest

and best. Ask your dealer—take no

J other: if he does not keep them, send

for our catalog and introductory price.

Agents Wanted. Write tod





Johnston-Slocum 00.. 202 State 31.. Caro. fllch.





DFJf/I 70 Il'é’JVPS Guaranteed





0r Money Refunded.

~ , ' - ...... Mai-r





 

 

 

   

 

 





 





y.





 





 

 





 





 

 





, , . 00 per can at fsealen.



. or express . yem’



; All“? - . ». sale. Sen for booklet.

; ‘ Horse Troubles.

THE NEWTON REMEDY co. Toled‘





 





 





Buckeye conciete Mixer





Just the Machine for Farmers’ Use





HORSE POWER 3mm MIXER





Write for catalog and prices.





ATLAS MPG. 00., ll. 2, Hamilton, 0.





Fun S‘LE-REBUILT MACHINERY—22 1:.



Buffalo Pitts Traction engine: 22

h. Pt. :Huron; 21) h. Prick; 18 11. Advance; 1% h.

Baker; 16 h. Huber: 16 h. Gear-Scott: 15 h. J. I.

0:59:14 h. Dunno Pitts; 12 h. Adv-nee; 12 h. Hub.

er; 12 ton road roller; 10 ton road roller: 5011. Fire

box boiler; 40 h. Tubular boiler. Write us for

gricea and terms. THE BANTING MACHINE

0.. 114-118 Superior St” TOLEDO. OHIO.





2 swim-s enliven-massacre

Black Belgian 8 years old, weight 1.800 lbs. Can

show lots of colts. J. C. BUTLER. Portland, Mich.





F0“ SALE—Jrhree good cows. one new mllch

with calf. Fine for either family or

dairy purpooes. 795 Van Dyke Ave.. Detroit. Mich'





BIEHEIS’ DIRECTORY.

CATTLE. -





ABERDEEN-ANGUS.





Herd headed by UNDULA'I‘A BLACKBIRD

1T0 33836. one of the but non: of PRINCE ITO

50006, and Grand Champion Bull It the Detroit

and Grand Rapids Fair: of 19m and 1908. Herd con-

slats of Erica. Blackblrds, Prides. etc.



0001‘ STOCK FARM. Ionln. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





" ARMER: «1-: "





 

   

   

   

 

   





 





 





 





. .- AUGUSthAM -‘





. nmgffn‘l! 3.43.13. 1 ' -' '





 





Lillie Farmstead Jerseys.

We hove lame mild bull him for solo from

oueto six mom I old. The: are from cows with

records of m to as. poundl of butter last year.

Write for description and prices.

COLON C. LILLIE. Cooper-ville. Mich.

HIOPSHIRES. all oxen, both nexus, extra qual-

lly and breeding In lots tooult. Also} few large.

robust Bamboulllct and Franco rams. Wilrbe priced

so u to move them quickly. Correspondence and

Inspection invited. C. LEM“. Hamburg. Mich.





h "on th old.

IE” ”LIED BULLS, b.2263... layman:





sows. John Borne: & Ban. Grand Lodge. MIchIgnn.





MAIlI-SfiogAFARM—JERSEY CATTLE.





R. l.’ a". M‘omI-o





L. St. La .

CHOICE JERSEYS. will... anfibfi'fi‘fifi

CLARENCI BLIBTOL. B. No. S. Patton. Mich.





EAVY MILKING SHORTHOBNS—Cnn spare

a few females. Good notes good an on .

J. B. HUMMEL, Mason. Mich. (Citizens Phone.)





1. I. clouslmcl Fllll. fitnihtfliaf‘fifi:





Have some choice cows and holler-I at right prices.

SHEEP.





-1... , in fl (1 n

”ELAINE RAMS .né‘imgil’i. 39:31:10 £13.33?

Alum good even. 8. J. COWAN. nocklora. Mich.





EGISTIBED Del-Inc Merino Rama—Descent!“

from Standard Model and A. T. Gunner’s Bing-

leader. C. M. MANN. Rockford. Michigan.





SlillllPSlllBE IIALL smell FAIII.





Will make special prices for thirty dayl. on ewes

from 1 to a years old. all bred to Imported Cooper.

and Mouse“ rams to lamb In Much and April. also

on very choice ewe lambs. thuia to make room for an

importation that Is going to II‘I'IVO this 33111;.

L. S. DURHAM £58038. Concord. loll-u.





00 INTO SHEEP RAISING





Buy of Michigan’s largest Breeder o'f good sheep.

Romeyn C. Parsons. Grand Ledge, Mich.





HAMPSHIRE RAM LAMBS and





sever l

YEARLINGS. All rout-cores; ”"3 "M





C. D. WOODBURY. lanolin. Michigan.

HOG





BERKSHIRES





A few bred sows left yet. but no boars. Spring pigs

of best families. Guernsey Cattle. Plymouth Rocks.

Pekin Ducks and M. B. Turkeys. HUPP

FARM. Birmingham, Mich.. G. C. HUPP. Mgr.





IIOIITIIEIIII clown hrnxslllllas.





ROYCROF'I‘ EARL“. Sldlluw. Mich.





A FEW FALL GILTS bud for toll formwmz.

also choice lot of a ring pigs bred. y Kim:

A. PA LLO, Decker e, Mlcb.





ADAMS BROS. IMPROVED CHESTER WHITESLItchflald,Mlnh ,

won more premiums In '08 than any other herd in lichlm



Stock all agol for mic. Prize winning W. :0rplngton, W. In;-

horn and Bufl Rock 08", $1 per 15. Shortbom bulll & holler:





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Premier. A.





 





 





5O buys registered Aberdeen Angus bull calves

$100 buys heifers and cows to start herds.

Choice Poiled Durhama and Hampshire sheep for

sole. CLOVER B. FARM. Pt. Austln, Mich.





llllllolln culslln wuss-gm, 33:41.25:





one full boar, also March Apr. fin-row ready to ahlp.

W. 0. WILSON. Okemoa, Mich. (Both Phones)





 





' ' ' 10 OR 0 E

Holslun-anans. H K Y “B V STOCK

R. 1, Oak Grove. Lelv. 00.. Michigan. Bell phone



ALL SOLD.





IIOLSTEIN FRIESIAN BULL w_ 3,301.35,





Oak Grove Mich. Home PhonejCohotah Exchange.





 





 





UERNSEY BULL CALF FOB BALE—Ania .

cellent Individual of unsurpassed breed 113.

W. W. BURDIUK. Alba. Michigan.





noLSTElNS—A rew fine bull calves (registered)

from 4 to 7 months old at 050 each.

I. M. SHORMAN. Fowlervlllo. Mich.





75 REGISTERED HULSTEINS,





 





 





2 2-year old Bulls and 3 Bull Calves, Special Induce-

ments to quick buyers. L. E. Connell. Fayette. Ohio.





TOP N OTCH HOLSTEINS.





Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls com-

hlning In themselves the blood of cows which now

hold and have In the past held World’s Records for

milk and butter-fat at fair prices.



McPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Mich.





BOIIIIIMAII Sllllilt FARM,



JACKSON. mmn. l HOISIQIII came'

Hus more imported Holstein-Frieda" Cows

than any farm In the Middle West. Registered

BULL CALVES of the most fashionable breeding. 30

fine, registered, Duroc Jersey sows due to furrow soon.





GUERNSEYs. anaemiass

soon to freshen. G. A. Wigent, Watervliet, Mich.

H ER EFOR DS=‘2.‘l‘é‘.i§.“ii.“.°filth?

China hogs. R. E. ALLEN. Paw Paw. Mich.





EGIS’I‘ERED JERSEY BULL—Dropped

Dec. 10, 08. Solid color. black tongue and switch.

A fine Individual. MUNN dz SON. Salem. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





ERSEY Bull Calf born Feb. 9. ’09, first calf of a

heifer whose dam gave 7344 lbs. of milk in ’08.

Sire’s Dam’s record 10,060 lbs. In 10% months.

THE MURRAY-WATERMAN 00.. Ann Arbor. Mich.





 





 





 

 

 

 





FARM. Owen Taft.Proprletor. i

; guaranteed.





from which I want to sell at once 25 cows and heifers ‘





 





‘ A a l t f I

IMPROVED OHESIEII VIHllES. Dmitugefugfiffi

rowed In March and April. Price 310. Satisfaction

Colon C. Lillie. Coopersvllle, Mich.





Sh h d D . .



1mm JERSEY SWINE. ..°l.:.§. .28.; 1:.

for 15. J. H. BANGHART, Lanslng. Mich.

DU ROC J ERSEYS

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hustlnll. Mich.



UROC Jersey of size and quality. 40 Boon ready





for servlce. 50 now: at Farmers Prices. Batis-

factlon Guaranteed. J. 0. Barney. Goldwater. Mich





 





 





 





 





I. C.’s Boers a sows all sold, I have It flue lot of

. young pigs that will soon be ready to ship.

A. NEWMAN. Route No. l. Mariette. Mich.



My herd Is headed





0.1. C. SWINE. with a grandson of





Jackson Chief, the world’s Champion and Grand

Champion, the greatest O. I. C. boar In the world.

He is also grandson of Tutesy, the world's Champion

sow. Pigs by him at live let live price.



A. J. GORDEN’. R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.





 





 





O I C’s—ALLAGES. Thirty sows bred

. . furrow. Shipped





for airing

on approval. H. . JUMP. Munith. Mich.





 





0 l C Boers ready for service. Spring pigs by

- - . grandson of World's Grand Champion.

Glonwood Stock Farm, Zooinnd. Michigan, ll. 8. Phone 9‘.





WEANLING Pigs and bred Sows at bargain: to

quick buyers. from large-styled, prolific Poland-

ROBERT NEVE. Pierson, Mich.





 





China sows.





POLAND-CHINA BHEEDERS





are invited to Insrect my great herd at Michigan State

Fair will be there strong with a car load. from the best

herd in Michigan. Wm. Waffle, Goldwater, Mich.





—Cholce young boars rend

POLAND'GHIHAS for use: bred right. Ala;

young Son's bred; right prices. Write today.



L. W. Barnes (in Son, Byron, (Shlawassee Co.) Mich.





Poland-Chinas. N°tmngetbut spring





pigs. us have

your order now. WOOD dz SONS. Saline. Mich.





LARGE ENGLISH YORKSHIHES.





Boers ready for service $15.00; Gilts bred for fall far-

row $20.00: spring pigs either sex. Satisfaction guar-

anteed. COLON C. LILLIE, Coopersvllle, Mich





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 





 





Simple, strong, always in order. Works in all



oils, all depths, hillside and level. No cutting

and none missed. Potatoes always clean, lying

on top of ground. Works well in heavy tops.





DOWDEN MFG. COMPANY ’





\973 Elm Street, Prairie City, la.. ll. 8...





 

 





 





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. “’8‘" W‘EAW‘:





duo-1"” 3"»...‘M’v‘ t... -4.

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kosher-.7, 1909.-





 





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' POULTRYm BEES





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BACTERIAL INFECTION OF EGGS.

In these days of advanced scientific re-

search it is not especially surprising to





'learn that even the contents of an egg-





shell are subject to bacterial infection.

At first thot it would seem that the shell

should afford ample protection, and yet

we recognize the need of adopting some

means of preserving eggs if we would

keep them fresh for more than a very

short period. Keeping them fresh means

delaying the process of decomposition,

and the fact that under natural condi-

tions decomposition begins in a compar-

atively short time may be regarded as

evidence that bacteria, in some of their

multitudinous formS, have gained access

to the egg contents. Were this not true

we might reasonably expect an infertile

egg from a perfectly healthy fowl to re-

main fresh almost indefinitely. Then,

too, were eggshells germ—proof there

would apparently be no good reason why

eggs produced in hot weather should not

be as easily kept fresh as those produced

during the cooler months. As a matter

of fact, however, we know that egg men

regard it very poor business to attempt

to preserve midsummer eggs.



A careful study of egg infection and

preservation, supplemented by laboratory

tests and observations, was made during

the early months of this year by an able

bacteriologist at one of the eastern ex-

periment stations. His work led him to

the conclusion that most eggs contain

some form of bacteria at time of produc-

tion or very soon thereafter, and that the

development of these organisms, and the

consequent decomposition of the egg, is

influenced largely by the conditions under

which the egg is placed. In other words,

that the infection is naturally present to

an extent sufficient to quickly cause dc-

composition under conditions favorable to

the rapid multiplication of the bacteria.

Prompt and proper handling of the egg

would therefore appear to be the only

means of retarding decomposition.-



While this investigator found a num-

ber of different kinds of bacteria in the

numerous eggs examined, he reports find-

‘ing "thine of a disease—causing nature,

althovihe admits a rather remote possibil-

ity of such germs finding their way into

eggs. Concerning the sources of egg in-

fection, he says, in a bulletin issued by

the Storrs (Connecticut) station:



“The bacteria that cause decomposition

in eggs have been found in the oviduct

of the hen, even in the upper portion, so

thr‘ an egg may be infected in the ear-

lier stage of its formation, particularly

at the 'time when the white or albumen

is secreted.



"A diseased condition Of' the ovary of

the hen may cause the infection of eggs.

Poultrymen, especially those who dress

large numbers of fowls, frequently find

hens that are so diseased. It seems im-

possible, however, to diagnose a diseased

condition of this sort before dissection,

hence it would be difficult to guard

against such infection.



“Eggs may be infected after they have

been laid, as it is possible for the bac-

teria to pass thru the pores of the shell.

Moisture plays a part in such infections,

for while the egg is covered with its

normal mucilaginous coating and kept in

a dry place it is difficult to infect. In—

fcction is not a difficult matter, however,

when the egg is moist. Many egg shells

arc defective, the defects sometimes glar-

ingly apparent but ofttimes entirely unob-

servable. Those defects may be caused

by not feeding hens a sufficient amount

of shell-forming food.



“Eggs are liable to be infected soon

after they are laid. Nesting material is

a great source of infection, for if this has

been allowed to remain unchanged for

a long time it becomes foul and teems

with bacteria. Nine different kinds of

bacteria were taken from one nest and

each kind was cultivated separately. Egg

media was prepared, consisting of the

and yolks of fresh eggs mixed,

poured into test tubes and kept at a high

temperature for ten minutes to kill all

bacteria in the media and on the test

tube, also to harden it properly. Each

k‘nd of bacteria found in the nest was

placed in a separate test tube, which was

then coverEd and put into a bacterio-

logical incubator, running at a tempera-

ture of 98.6° F. for three days. At the





end of this time the egg media in each

test tube showed that changes had taken

place there, and these changes were ac-

companied by the disagreeable odor of





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





decomposition. The results of these ex-

periments lead us to believe ~that the

large numbers of bacteria in foul nests





are a menace to- fresh eggs, as they in-





fect and decompose, them, ,



”Whatever the means of infection, it

has been found that a larger percentage

of the July, August and early September

eggs are infected or contain a greater

number of bacteria, (at a time they may

be called “fresh”), than the eggs of the

other months of the year, particularly,

when compared with the eggs laid dur-

ing the months of April, May and June.

This corroborates the opinion of egg

packers who invariably prefer April,

May, and June eggs to those produced

during the other months of the year.



“It is considered, then, that the April

eggs have the best keeping quality, the

May eggs and the eggs of early June,

com’ng in the order named. Eggs were

tested during each month of the year to

see if they contained bacteria. One

method was to take a freshly laid egg

and shake it to break the yolk (vitelline)

membrane, so that the yolk and white

of the egg would be mixed, 'then treat a

portion of the Shell with carbolic acid to

destroy the bacteria there, and with ster-

ile forceps make a small hole in the shell

thru which was passed a sterile platinum

loop. A quantity of the contents of the

egg was then drawn out quickly and put

into a tube of liquid agar and the whole

quickly poured into plates, where the

agar hardened, and the plates, covered

and labelled, were placed in an incubator

(bacteriological) having a temperature

of 983° F., and left for forty-eight hours.

At the end of that time, colonies of bac-

teria Would 'appear if they were present

in the egg.”



No one can read the above

without drawing two important conclu-

sions touching the production of strictly

fresh eggs: First, that to produce a

good egg it is necessary to have a heal-

thy, vigorous fowl, and, second, that to

keep such an egg fresh and appetizing

for even a comparatively short period it

must be given protection from bacterial

contamination, and from weather condi-

tions which may make it susceptible to

infection, at the earliest possible moment.

In other words, no matter how clean the

nest, eggs should be gathered frequently

and stored in the coolest place "available,

this advice being especially applicable to

this season of the year When germs of all

kinds are rampant.





extract





WHY NOT FOLLOW NATURE’S LAWS.





 





intended that all fowls should

and roost in the open air.

is an example of a fowl

following nature’s laws. It is observed

that chickens and hens prefer to roost in

trees rather than in hot stuffy coops or

pens. Hens prefer open—front scratching

sheds to closed buildings and, where thcso

are providcd, will occupy them during

most of the day. A hen that steals her

nest lays hcr eggs upon the ground and

Mother Nature assists her in hatching a

good strong brood of chickens. Then

why not, in rearing chickens, as 'well as

in keeping fowls thruout the year, fol-

low the laws laid down by nature?



In making nests holIOW out the ground

in the poultry house to conform to the

shape of the hen, and put in a layer of

hay. chaff one or two inches in thickness

upon which the eggs may be placed. If

the floor of the house is other than dirt,

boxes may be used for nests by filling

them nearly full of earth, then adding the

chaff. Thus the natural way is closely

imitated.



Coops for the hen and chickens Should

be made with at least half of the front

open. This may be cow-red with wire

screen or slatted so as to 1)}‘0Vcnt the

hen from getting out before. the heavy

dew is off in the morning and during

rainy days. The. coop should never be

closcd up tight at night, but left as Open

as possible to admit fresh air.



Colony houses, to which the chicks

should be removed as soon as six to

eightwecks old in lots of not: more than

twenty-fivc, should be built with open

fronts which may be covered with half—

inch-mesh wire netting. A door covered

with the same matcrial may be used to

cover ‘half the front end. Houses 4 to 5

feet in width, 5 to 6 feet in depth, with

shed roof 4 to 5 feet high in front and

3 feet in rear, answer the purpose. When

the chickens are large enough to roost,

cleats may be nailed to the sides of the

building two feet from the floor and upon

these the perches may rest. Boards 4

inches wide serve the purpose. Such

houses approach the open air perches in

trees but keep off rain and cold winds.





Nature

be reared, live

The partridge





Some of the best chickens the writer

ever saw were some that roosted in low

pines until late in October. The pines

shed water much better than other kinds

of trees and also protect chickens from

the wind. . _



The winter houses should be supplied

with commodious scratching sheds or

should have open front, with. roosting

apartments in the rear protected by a

curtain. Closed houses should have the

windows removed or door or doors opened

during the sunny part of the day. No

house should ever be closed tight during

the night. Colds, roup, and other dis—

cases are practically unknown in open-

front houses or houses that admit the

largest amount of fresh air, without sub—

jlcting the» fowls to drafts. This is na-

ture’s way.



In the matter of foods, why not do

away with all mashes entirely and feed

the hens whole grain. This is the natu-

ral food of birds. Make them hunt and

scratch for every kcrnel of grain thcy

get. Exercise is the secret of health

and, with plenty of food, will produce

eggs during the months when eggs com-

mand the highest price.



Eggs from st0ck raised by open-air

methods hatch well and produce strong

and hardy chicks. Why try all the arti-





ficial ways and methods, ”new fads and

fancies? \Vhy not study nature's laws

and strive to follow her precepts? Hcr





teachings mean hardiness, vigorous con-

stitutions, and great productivcness.

New Hampshire. A. G. SYMONDS.





THE lNSTlNCT OF BEES.

._.____



Bees revisit their old haunts, the trees

and the flowers where they have been

used to find honey. They recognize their

own hivc among many others, returning

to it in their homeward flight in a direct

line, and never hesitating between it and

the surrounding ones. It

markable that they know their

more from its locality than from its ap~

pcarance, for if it be removed during

their absence, and a similar one substi—

tuted, they enter the strange one. If

the position of the hive be changed, the

bees for the first day take no distant

flight until they have thoroly scrutinized

every object in the neighborhood; and

it is asserted by Kirby and Spence that

the queen bee does the same thing, malt-

ing several probationary flights before

the swarming of the hive, as if to select

the proper spot. They also mention the

circumstance of a number of bees having

boon attracted in the autumn to some

honey which had been placed in a win-

dow, and of their visiting the same spot

the ensuing spring in search of it again.



The mason-lice contrives holes as rc-

ceptaclos for its young, in which it lays

up their food; and if a hole closes up

during its abcnce it searches for some

time along the wall, after its return, with-

out noticing other holes, and, having

found it, it removes the. obstruction and

continues its work~—a clear proof that

those bccs distinguish between their own

holcs and those of others.





Bees are rcmarkable for the cleanliness :





of their dwellings. They are extremely

solicitcus to remove such insects or for-

eign happen to get admission

into their hives. \V‘hcn so light as not to

cxcced thcir powers they first kill the

insect with their stings and t‘hcn drag

it out with their jaws. liut it SODIU—

times happens that an ill-fated

crccps into the hive: this is no

pcrccivcd than it is attacked on all sidcs

and stung to dcath. But to attempt to

carry out so hcavy a burden would be

labor in vain, and, thcrcforc, to prcvcnt





lnnlios {1S





snail





SHUHUI'





the noxious smcll which would arise from

its putrct’action, tin-y iinmctliati-ly cm—

bahn it by covering cvcry particlc of its

body with propolis, thru which no cffluvia

w cecapc. \\'hcn a snail with a shell

gcts entrance, thc disposal Of it givos





much less trouble and expense to the

bccs. As soon as it receives the first

wound from a sting it naturally retires

into its shell. in this case, the bees,

instunl of pasting it all over with pro-





polis. content themselves with gluing all





round the margin of the. shell, which is

sufficient to render the animal forever

immovably fixed.



lndiana. A. L.





New Jersey bee—keepers made an effort

last spring to gct an appropriation





brood. The amount asked for was $500





is highly 1'c-,

own hive





 





 





 





   

 





0

w‘)’

49 v





FnsEBooK





 





 





’ We call it “Lighting the Farm. ”

It puts in a handy form all there is

to say about lanterns.



If your lantern gives more trouble

than light, you’ll find the reason for

it in this book. It tells you some

things about lanterns that you never

knew and others that you may have

known, but never realized. For in-

stance, the reason why .





 

   

   

   

   





 

 

 





DON'T SNEEZE





will explain to you why some other lan-

terns sputter and flicker at; every oppor-

tunity. The book tells you all about

I’risco lanterns and Frisco points of im-

provement. About the clever patented

wind-break. How the patented flame~

spreader makes a I’risco give twenty-

five per cent; more light with a saving of

oil. It tells a dozen and a quarter other

reasons why I’riscos are enough better

than any other lantern to make it worth

your while to learn all about: them.



It is full of the kind of informa-

tion that makes you say “That’s

so” at. every page. It. costs

. almost nothing to get it.

Just: fill in the coupon

and mail it. to us to-day.

We’ll do the rest. and





 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 





from ‘

the state for the purpose of fighting foul 1





l





we’ll do it: quick.

The PRITCHARD-

STRONG C0.





Rochester,





N. Y.





   

   

   





 





DIR REC

. FR ROMF FACTORY

No delays, 1000 Boxes of all sizes ready to ship.

Save Jobber, Dealer and Catalogue House Profit.

Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back

erlo lor Doscrlpllvo ClrcuI-r and Close Prlcos on other

sizes. All 0! nghoot Quailiy, Work and Materials.





.ELGIN WAGON WORKS, BOX 111. ELGIN, ILL.

l





 





WANYIV several pairs of old and young

White Muacova Ducks. Also White



Chiba Geese. Must be good. State prices and num-



ber to spare. E. J. HASKINS, Pittsford. Mich.





 





—Egga for batch-

Barrod Plymouth Books 1.... pm... 115 for

$l;26 for $1 50; £10 for $2.50; $4 per hundred. Satisfac-

tion guaranteed. Colon C. Lillie, Coopersville, Mich.





 





EGG S —nght Brahma, White Wyandotte and

B P. Rocks $1 a setting, $1.50 for two

settings. E. D. BISHOP, Route 33, LakeOdeasa.Mich.





 





9015 BLACK Minorca. eggs at $1. 50 per setting of

P C. Pigs singly or in pairs of the best





breeding. R. W. MILLS, Saline. finch.





 





We hatch our best

8- 0. Brown Leghorns. mm. in June m

July. Our best eggs $5 per 100; $1 per 15. Send for cir-

cular, best flock in Mich. Fred Mott, Lansing, Mich.





 





ILVER Laced Golden and White Wyandottes. 500

fine breeders to select from after Oct, 1. Watch our

ad. for bargalnl. C. W. Browning, Portland, Mich.





While Wyandottes, Bic.?.%:i§“‘".i.§2:mf.%’;t





 





 





A. Franklin Smith, R. F. D. No.9, Ann Arbor, Mich.





 





' SINGLE COMB WHITE [EGHOHNSTflgfififiZE‘E‘fé‘g





01: 28 for $1 50; 50 for 02. 50; $4 per hundred. Satin! kc-

tlon guaranteed. Colon C. Lillie, COOpersville. Mich.





 





 





DOGS.





FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS





of the beat English strains in Ameri-

ca; 40 years experience In breeding

these fine hounds for my own sport;

I nows offer them for sale.



stamp for Catalogue

T. B. HUDSPETH, Slbloy. Jackson 611.. Mo.





 





 





 





but owing to a threatened dtficit in the TRAINED FOX BOUNDS ”1d Hound Pups





for hunting fox and coons. Also Collies &. Ferrets.





state s tleasury, the bill met the fate of Inclose 2:: stamp. W. E. Lecky, Holmeaviiie. Ohio





practic illy all other new legislation carry—

ing approprations which came bef01e the

legislature.





 





ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN FARMER

when you are writing to advertisers.
a1- M-.._a._.. . ._ . ,.





. . . .m .,..-.uao-..





5594 m I. _ i

- The I, Michi an -,Farr'ner





ESTABLIS BD 1843.





THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING (20.,

EDITORS All) PROPRIETOIS.

‘SSRQSCOWQSMWQMW

TELIPBONE mm 4525.





Raw Yonx Curios—775 Temple Court Building.

Crnoaeo Cruel—1786 l'lrst Nat'l Bank Buiidi .

CLEVELAND Osman—10114015 Oregon Ave., N. .





 





 





 





 





M. J. LAWRENCE ............ President.

M. W. LAWRENCE .......... ....Vice~President.

M. L. LAWRENCE. .......................... Secretary.

1’. T. LAWRENCE Treasurer

,r. n. warnanuar .. Associate

0. E. YOUNG ........... ......... ..



num- wnmru'rn ”mm"

1. H. HOUGHTON ................... .Business Manager.





 





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Six Heath. 1‘ copies, poet’s", ........................ 40 Gil

Canadian subscription it cents a year extra for posts“





 





Always send money by unit, postoiilce money

order. reels ered letter. or by express. We. will not.

be reeponsi le tor money sent In letters. Address

all communications to, and make all drafts. checks.

and postolce orders payable to. the Lawren.e

Publishing Co.





RATES OF ADVERTISING:



so cents per line agate measurement. or 5.60

per inch, each insertion, with a reasonable a count

on orde amounting to .20 or over. No adv't in-

serted for than 01.” per insertion. '



H‘ No lottery. quack doctor or swindling adver-

tisements Inserted at any price.



Entered as second class matter at the Detroit.

Michigan, postoflce.





COPYRIGHT l908.

by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents

oi this issue without our written permission.





 





 





 





WE GUARANTEE to stop‘ THE

MICHIGAN FARMER immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay all expenses for

defending any suit, brot against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, providing

due notice is sent to us, before suit

is started.



Avoid further trouble, by refusing

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, in each Issue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expir-

ation of subscription.



The Lawrence Pub. Co.,



Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





person, AUGUST 7. 1909.





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





‘There is every prospect

The Tariff Bi“. that before this issue



reaches the reader the

differences now existing with regard to

certain provisions of the conference re-

port, as signed by the committee and

adopted by the House, will be adjusted,

and that the bill will be finally acted

upon. As previously noted in these col-

umns, this bill followed the course of most

important legislation in going to a confer—

ence committee composed of members of

both houses of congress for an adjust—

ment of the diffcrcnccs between the two

houses by necessary compromises. The

conferees agreed to an adjustment or

those differences comparatively early in

their deliberatons, but that adjustment

was not satisfactory to President Taft

as fulfilling to the lcttcr the campaign

pledge for a downward revision of the

tariff, and he insisted on a matcral reduc-

tion of the duties on some of the leading

articles of import, such as lumbcr, hides,

iron orc, ctc. Ilis ultimatum in this re-

gard made it certain that the bill would

not rcccive his approval unless further

concessions were made and, after repeated

conferences, an agrccmcnt was reached

which included thc reductions upon which

he insisted. These three schedules men-

tioned above were finally fixed as follows:

Rough sawcd lumber was made dutiablc

at $1.25 per M., decreased from $2 per M.

under the present law, which was the

point of issue between the Prcsidcnt and

the conferccs. Corresponding reductions

were also made on manufactured lumber

amounting to about one-third of the

present rates and fcnce posts were placed

on the free list. Shingles were increased

from 30 cents to 50 cents per M. and some

slight increases were made on special

woods used in manufacturing pipes. Iron

ore was reduced from 40 cents per ton,

the present duty, to 15 cents per ton, and

pig iron was rcduced from $4 to 2.50 per

ton, while heavy rcductions were made in

manufactured iron all along the line.

Hides were placed on the free list in the

compromise brot about by the President,

and to satisfy the senators who repre-

sented the states of heavy production in

this line an agreement was made whereby

leather and its products manufactured

from hides heretofore dutiable were also

materially reduced. It was about this





provision that trouble arose in the senate

over the adoption of the conference re—

port, several senators insistng that the





~ Wording of tire *bill‘k'was 'guch‘as to consti-





tut_e a “joker," and ”that“ they could not

support the report-ynless the duty on all

boots and shoes and harness were re~





duced, in accordance with their under--





standing of the terms of the agreement

under‘ which they consented to‘ the re-

moval of the duty on hides. This ap-

parent mlsunderstandlng between the

conferees, the western senators and the

President was of such a serious nature as

to make it apparent that the conference

report could not be adopted in the senate

without further concessions to them, not-

withstanding it was urged by the con-

ferees that no change could be made in

schedules not involved in the hide con-

troversy without resubmitting the propo-

sition to the house, for which reason

the wording of the conference committee

report was a parliamentary necessity.

Just what the solution of this misunder—

standing will be cannot be predicted at

this writing, but the most probable solu-

tion is said to be the adoption of a

concurrentt resolution by both houses of

Congress, instructing the enrolling clerks

of the two houses to make alterations in

the schedules relating to hides and their

products which will satisfy the demands

of the western senators, the report of the

conferees being adopted as it stands.



Whatever the outcome of this misunder-

standing, it is safe to assume that it will

not be permitted 'to block the tariff bill

now so near to adoption and which is the

outcome of months of work by Congress.

That being aSSumcd the generaal trend of

the bill as it now stands will be of interest

to the reader, Space will not permit com-

ment on the different schedules and their

scvcral reductions in this issue, but the

figures preparcd by chairman Payne of

the House Committee will serve to give

a general idea of its trend. In an analy-

sis of the bill showing the value of dutia—

ble articles on which increases and de—

creases have been placed Mr. Payne pre-

sented the following tabulated summary.

The figures givcn are based on the con-

sumption value of the articles enumerated

in all cases where the amount of produc-

tion could be ascertained:





Increase. Decrease.

Duty Duty

. . . .$ 433,099,846 $ 11,105,820

128,423,732 ..........





Chemicals

Earthenware . . . .





Metals . . . . . . . . . 1,248,200,169 31,280,372

Lumber . .. . . . . . 566,870,950 31,280,372

Sugar ........... 300,965,953 ..........

Tobacco ........ No change

Agricultural prod-

ucts ........... 483.430.637 4,380,043

Wines and liquors. .......... 462,001.856

Cotton .................... 41,622,024

Flax, hemp, jute. 22,127,145 804,445

W'ool ............. No change

Silk ............. 7,947,566 106,742,646





Paper and pulp.. 67,628,055 81,486,466

Sundries . 1,719,428,069 101,656,598





Totals ........ $4,978,122,124 $852,512,525



In this analysis of the bill Mr. Payne

further notcs that of the above mentioned

increases, the following are on luxuries or

articles of strictly voluntary use:

Chemicals, including perfum-





eries, etc. ................... $ 11,105,820

Wines and liquors ...... ’ ...... 462,001,850

Silks ......................... . 106,742,646



Totals ...................... $579,850,332





This would leave a balance of increases

not on articles of luxury of 272,662,203,

against a consumpton value of articles on

which decreases have been made of

84.978.122.124.



Of course these figurcs are only rela—



five, and the claim is made by some

mcmbcrs who are not friendly to the bill

that a small reduction which places many

of those dutiable articles in the decrease

column more than offset by large in-

creascs in other schedules. But it must

be taken into consideration that the fram-

ing of a tariff bill that would be satisfac-

tory to all clcments would be an impossi-

bility, and that the result of the special

session of Congress is a bill upon which

a majority of the members of both houses

are willing to stake their politcul future

as indicated by their votcs, and which has

the approval of the President as comply—

ing with his pledge for a downward re-

vision of the tariff. It rcce':vcd the sup-

port of the entire Michigan delegation on

this ground, and certainly the farmers

of the state and country have not suf—

fcrcd materially in the cuts which have

bccn rr‘de in raw materials. Time alone

will tell how satisfactorily the bill may

provc in practical operation, but the coun-

try is to be congratulated that it has

been formulated with so little disturbance

to business as has been the case. Even

those who are not satisfied with its

provisions seem willing to concede that it

is a step in the right directon, and for—

mer experiences would seem to indicate

that this is a problem in the solution of

which it is better to “make haste slowly”

rather than to risk the effect of radical

changes upon our generally prosperous

business conditions.





 





Vacation. strenuous work; "the4ques-3

._ tion of ‘a'vacatIOn for the

farmer and his wife, or at least a' diver-

sion which will relieve the strain under

which‘ they have been laboring, is a.

proper subject- for careful consideration

in every farm home. Just what that

diversion shall be or how much time shall

be devoted to it is, of course, a matter

for individual determination in every

case, There is, however, no question

that a little time spent in some pleasant

diversion from the daily grind, which

becomes monotonous on the farm as else-

where, will prove a profitable investment

in every case. Aldo there is no doubt

that to prove most beneficial such di-

version should provide an entire change

of scene and environments. Such a

change need not be expensive and unless

desired need not involve a. great degree of

travel, but a brief change of surroundings

such as would be secured by a. short trip

or a visit to some other section of the

state or country will prove beneficial to

the entire family in more ways than one.

First it will provide that change, which

is in itself a. rest, and second it will

broaden those who participate in it to a.

very appreciable degree. Our lives are

but narrow at the best, and they be-

come more so thru the long- continued

and uninterrupted monotony of our daily

tasks, whatever those tasks may be. But

even a brief change of environment

quickens our sense of perception and

gives us a broader View of life, and in

a majority of cases after coming into

contact with people whom we have pre-

viously been inclined to envy, and noting

the difficulties which surround other lines

of business and the disadvatages of other

locations than ours, we will return home

in a better frame of mind as well as of

body, and again take up our business

burden with greater energy and deter-

mination, as well as greater satisfaction.

Business men have not been slow to note

this fact, and it is the common custom

in large business houses to give the em-

ploycs who occupy responsible positions

a vacation each year, upon the theory

that their services will be the more valu-

able to their employers because of the

rest and recreation. Surely the home-

owning farmer owes as much to himself

and his family, and while he may reason

that the Winter season is the more suit-

able one for diversion and recreation, a

little of both will surely be beneficial at

this season of the year during the lull be-

tween the early and the later harvests.





HAPPENINGS OF THE _WEEK.





 





Foreign.





A plan to celebrate the 100 years of

peace between Canada and United States

following the war of 1812 has been re-

ceived with approval by authorities in

Canada. It has been decided to hold the

event at Ottawa and the l'nitcd States,

and the colonies will be asked to help

finance the exposition which will be inter—

national iu character. It is asserted that

the preliminary plans promise a celebra-

tion that will exceed the ceremonies

and pomp exhibited at the centenary at

Quebec last summer.



Rev. Harris Lloyd, who has done much

for the poor of the British metropolis, is

now making a tour of western Canada

for the purpose of locating lands that he

might recommend to the unemployed of

London for farming purposes. He believes

that the men would be much better off

on farms and is of the opinion that they

would make desirable citizens of Canada.



Work on the Windsor side of the tun-

ncl under the Dctroit river is being can

ricd on with difficulty since the recent

heavy rains about the vicinity of Detroit,

as flo ds have“ filled the tubes with fully

clev feet of water.



The university of Lcipsic, which i8.

celebrating the fifth centenary of its

foundation, conferred the degree of doc-

tor of: laws upon Theodore Roosevelt. He

was the only foreigner to be thus hon—

ored. He will also receive a similar de-

grec from the University of Berlin when

he lectures there in the spring.



Panama officials have informed the gov-

crnmcnt here that rcdrcss will be made

thc persons injured by the local police

and will pay indemnity to the family of

one killed. This is the result of demands

made by Washington officials.



Early in the morning of July 30 a dis-

trict fully 1,000 square miles in extent,

stretching from the Atlantic to the Pa-

cific coasts of Mexico, was, shaken by

several earthquake shocks. Chilpancingo

is reported destroyed and Acapulco is half

in ruins from the shocks. The City of

Mexico was severely shaken. Communi-

cation is so badly interrupted that the

extent of. the damage is unknown.



'The recent outbreak in Morocco when

Spanish troops suddenly fOund themselves

outnumbered by the natives and that they

were unable to hold out against the per—

sistcnt attacks of the tribesmen, are

each day proving but a morsel of the

trouble before the administration at Mad-

rid. In the attempt to raise troops for

the defense of Spanish rights across the

Mediterranean, the inhabitants of Barce-

lona rebelled, and the revolutionary sprit

which has been smoldering t’hruout the

nation for decades back became evident.

The opposition of the Barcelonians be-





- -- i ' With thepdssingot‘th‘e‘?

The Farmer's harvest. season and" its:





   





cs filsolstronsy.tliaitie . bdrm

{niggrsae‘persons are 3:31:50





 





., V , been. '

timed. A. strict censorship. is fluid? ee-





forced and.“ 35 mm nit to‘ secure reliable

news, but what , in oil-mation' comes pic-

tures a. serious situation. The Carliets

are expected to take advantage of condi-

tions and fight to enthrone the pretender,

Don Jame. ‘



Despite the fact that Gen. Reyes an-

nounced his support to the 'Dlaz-Carrol

ticket in Mexico, a campaign that is fast

gaining strength is being conducted to

place him in the vice—president's chair.



Crete declared for union with Greece as

soon as the announcement was made

that the powers who have protected the

island since 1898 would withdraw their

troops. The Grecian flag was hoisted

over the posts and government places on

July 26.



It has been planned to run thru freight

cars erfil Ehigago direct to Havana. The

cars w1 e erried from i ’

Fl%rida. Kn ght s Key,



oubonic plague and cholera is ra in

in Amoy, China, where it is reported ghag

135 deaths from the former and 35 from

cholera occurred in two weeks.



France will call an international confers

ence to discuss the subject of air naviga-

tion during 'the week of avation arranged

for at Rhemes, France, where all the men

who have taken an active part in the

demonstration of aeroplanes will be pres-,-

ent to give public exhibitions with ma.-

chines.



The government is investigating what

purports to be a big opium smuggling

scheme at Manila. A large quantity of

opium was found in a recent shipment of

machinery from Hong Kong. .



A conflagration which raged at Osaka,

Japan, for 25 hours destroyed 20,000

buildings, including a. large number of

busmess places of the town, whose esti-

mated worth is around $43,000,000. Thous-

ands of people were rendered homeless.

It is feared much suffering will result

since a drought has damaged crops. The

great buddist temple at that place was

among the buildings destroyed. and the

people are much grieved over this fate to

their house of worship.



An agreement has been reached between



Germany and the United States providing

for the protection of patents in both

countries without the duplication of man-

facturing plants. Heretofore, it has been

necessary for a concern to build plants in

both countries in order to take advantage

of the patent protection.

. The inhabitants about Acapulco, Mex-

100, where 73 earthquake shocks have been

felt since last Friday, are homeless and

Without food, At many other places there

is much suffering.



.The action of Lock Wing, the Chinese

vxce-consel at New York in rescuing

Chinese .girls from slavery in that city

brot against him vengence from the hands

of a Chinese secret society', who finally

took his life for interfering.





National.





The Wright brothers will begin t oping

aviation to the arm officer

Park, Md. y s at ollege



The aerodome, with which tests were

made at Ottawa, Canada, last week

proved a partial success. The inventors

believe that the principle of the flying

machine will work when given proper

conditions.



The station is located about‘seven miles

passed the bill agreeng to the amendment

to the national constitution providing for

an income tax.



.Every liquor dispensary in South Caro-

lina closed its doors last Monday.



A preliminary poll of the legislature of

Alabama indicates that the prohobition

blll, now being considered, will pass and,

as the governor stands favorable, will

probably become law,



Iron plate has advanced three dollars

per ton in the past three weeks in the

(south. The manufacturers made the

raise in three installments. The United

States Steel corporation has also advanced

the price for steel bars. angles, plates and

beams, one dollar a ton.



The continued drought that has pre-

valed in the New England states promises

to cause a milk famine in Boston.



The navy department is favorable to the

development of California City as a coal-

mg point for ships on the Pacific coast.

The station is located about seven miles

from San Francisco.



A relief boat will leave St. Johns, New-

foundland, in a few days for Greenland to

ferry supplies to the Perry Expedition.



Last week Detroit witnessed one of the

severest rain storms since the introduc-

tion of the weather bureau. Over four

and one-half inches of water fell in the

course of eight hours.



Harry K. Thaw is on trial before the

New York asylum authorities who will

determine whether he is a safe person to

Ideatve the asylum where he has been



e ainct since the trial for kil' r -

ford White. 1mg Shah



With the higher prices and the increased

acreage the farmers of the northwest will

realize more for their wheat crop than

for; any Iprevious year.



Ccvcra deaths resulted in Chicago from

the torrid wave which a n v' . .

CitiYh last week. p sscd 0V c1 that



’_e threat of GovernOr M .

Indiana, to send troops to GariftFiji‘s-a1‘111'01'35g

of the large steel plant, to prevent the

Eggnmgf otf ‘drvesb and blind tigers has



n e co Ive 1n rin in >

“1% law to time, g g the breakers oi



. be new Lincoln pennies are n i 0'

shipped to banks for circulation. 0g] ngll

Stree_t Monday, the new coins were selling

for 25 cents to souvenir collectors.





State.





One man was killed and three others

injured in a head-on collision at Kalama-

zoo, Monday.



Joseph A, Whittier, a pioneer lumber-

man of the Saginaw Valley, died at his

home m Saginaw, Sunday. It is estimated





that his firm did one of the largest busi?





ness of any lumber firm in the northwest,





handling as high as 800,000,000 feet. '





in]??? gving in the state who have served

e erman army are in convention

Ann Arbor this week. at





 

 





 

   





   

   

 





 





 





 





 





3“, t»
,,-- «M. , .





,__....., a





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





LITERATURE

POETRY

HISTORY an?

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





   





 





 

 





lea/LE





i





ED WEEKLY.





PUBLISH





 

 

 





 





Tie FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





’l‘his Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere





 





 





IN THE LAND OF EARTHQUAKES—l—Calabria.





BY RAFFAELE SIMBOLI.





Calabria is one of the most unfortu-

nate regions of'Italy. It seems as if an

evil genius were making game of an

entire population which is laborious, hon-

est and patient. Each year there is a

new Scourge to register, following a long

series of misfortunes which run back for

centuries. For instance, in 1669 the silk

industry flourished there; at Catanzaro

there were over a thousand looms; then

came the earthquakes, and the invention

of Jacquard looms, so that in a short

time the industry declined. In 1743 a ter-

rible pestilence raged. The earthquakes

which in 1456 and 1638 had reaped many

victims, returned to mow down others

in 1854, 1857 and 1870. In 1873 there was

a real cataclysm, and in 1894 the damages

caused by terrible shocks were immense.

To the earthquakes was added brigand-

age, which between 1862 and 1872 de-

stroyed the industry of pastor-age. Then





came the oil fly and the phyloxera to in-





jure agriculture.



Emigration, while on the one hand

affording a safety valve for the too nu-

merous population, on the other hand

carried off the best laborers. Finally the

administration did the rest—increasing

the taxes which should have been light-

ened. All this befalls a region Where

the sun shines brightly and the earth

lends itself to the most varied cultivation

to such a degree that it is possible to

cultivate lemons as well as cotton, and

suga'rwcane’ as easily as the most delicate

flower.



The inhabitants are most sincere; they

do not forget injuries, but they cherish

grateful memories of favors done them

th<3 fight with ardor, but fly from tre ich—

(13'. They weie among the most valiant

soldiers of Italian independence. They

have a fervid genius, speak with uncom-

mon facility of language, and are phyii-

cally handsome and strong. The misfor-

tunes of their idolized native land often

make them morosc. suspicious and men-

acing. ’l‘hey suspect everythingr and ev—

erybody; their e\"asp:1ation grows with

the anticipation of new disappointments.

In times of great disaster—40 which none

become accustom‘Edeew curse, but the

face grows sullen, the intellect darkened,

and many go mad from grief. \Vhat

keeps the peasant calm and patient is

his love for his home, however miserable

and unhealthy it may be, but when earth-

quakes lay his house low he becomes

like an angry lion, and hates whoever has





a roof to shelter him and bread to eat.

He ranges the fields in search of fruit;

no one dares assert rights of proprietor-

ship—his life would thereby be endan—

gered. As an irony of fate, the Calabrian

landscape is one of the most picturesque.

The Sila plateau, rising two thousand





the west. Unfortunately it was not long

able to maintain itself on the road of. prog-

ress. The small proprietors were tor-

mented with taxes; carriage roads, schools

and churches were scarce. In 1901 Cal-

abria was inhabited by 1,370.000 persons,

scattered in villages and hamlets; 250





 





 





 





 





 





Calabrian Women in Festal Dress.





metres above the sea level, covered with

gigantic firs and pines, whose fellows

were used by the Greeks and Romans

to construct their vessels, has a mysteri-

ous fascination for the beholder. Cal—

abria was the highroad by which Greek

and Asiatic civilization were diffused in





 





 





communes, already small in themselves,

are divided into four fractional parts,

distant from the main center. Of these

localities it is difficult to obtain informa—

tion because it is difficult to reach them.

The Calabrian writer, Mandalari, thus

describes them:





“They are groups of conical straw huts,

erected without mortar, with a kind of

black cement, a mixture of earth and

sand. In all these dwellings bread is

lacking; potatoes and fruit form the chief

articles of food. The people lead a pas-

toral life, following their sheep, pigs and

cows. In winter stuff for clothing is lack—

ing, so they resort to the skins of ani-

mals. The, peasants lack dwellings; it is

not easy for them to build the most mod—

est hut, since anything, however mean,

that shelters the poorest bed is subject

to taxes. There is no money to pay these,

and there follows a fresh emigration of

peasants to the centers of civilization,

persecution by the tax gatherers, and the

sale of the hovel to the first bidder.”



The Calabrian writer speaks truly. It

is sad to note, but alas, this poor region

has been sufficiently neglected by the

government. The hour has indeed come

to think seriously of a proud yet gentle

people, who cherish a true cult for fam-

ily, liberty and country,



\Vhoevcr has not seen the Calabrians at

close, range can not understand all the

troubles which for years have tormented

them. Earthquakes are the principal en-

emy; exi'wricnccs of the past make, the

inhabitants afraid. At, the first Shock,

however slight, they flee tunic—stricken.

It seems as if even the animals were

conscious of the ruin about to occur.

It has been noted that almost all the

cats and hens felt the earthquake in

advance. Only a few dogs were found

dead. After the scourge the few surviv-

ors wander furnished among the ruins.

The Calabrian, accustomed to do for him-

self, bcgins the work of rescue, his fin-

his garment falls in tatters,

his stomach is empty, his throat parched,

but it matters not. Love of family is

strong in him. At Fittimi, the peasant,

Diego Mazzitclli, drew his son out from

a heap of ruins, th<n seeing that he was

dying, left him, saying: “Now we must

think of the living.” And this valiant

fellow alone saved ten persons, one after

another, risking his life at every step.

Not content with this, he led the work

of demolishing the most dangerous ruins.

At Parghclla a mother mourned her all,

whom she believed dead, and searched

the ruins for the corpse of her daughter.

She wished to keep her earrings as a.

cherished remembrance. After four days

of effort she, heard a plaint and fancied

it might be the faithful cat. The soldiers





gcrs blood,





 





 





 





 





 





Reggie, Italy, near the southern extremity of the Peninsula of Calabria and almost directly across the Strait from the ill-fated City of Messina, Sicily,
96? (s). ,.





excavated with zeal, but instead of the





cat they found the child, still alive,‘but in

a most pitiable state. The child's life

was saved, but the mother went‘ mad.

Such anecdotes are legion. The disaster

of Sept. ‘8, 1907, was tremendous. Of

the 413 communities of which Calabria

consists, 212 were injured; Pizza and

Monteleone were destroyed. The province

of Catanzaro which was mist stricken

had 20 communes destroyed, Cosenza 10,

and'Regglo Caiabria. three. The buried

dead amount to 789, the wounded, over

three thousand. The survivors, bereft of

everything, can not be numbered. In

Calabria riches are rare. There is a

uniform level; misery may be said to be

confounded with prosperity, prosperity

with poverty. To be a proprietor means

to have a little'house, a small field, and

stock of provisions. The house falls, and

buries everything. The menace of a se-

vere winter under such desperate condi-

tions; is ever present to the minds of

all. No one can say what passes in

the mind of one of these proprietors,

wandering desolate among the ruins of

his home. It is a spectacle to stir every

heart. From desolate, ever gentle Cal-

abrla, this time, has gone forth a cry

which has found an echo in every gen-

erous heart. Science in the meantime

seeks to explain the phenomenon, and

the' polemics in the newspapers only serve

to extend their‘circulation among the

terrorized people. From the time of

Aristotle's book on earthquakes, much

has been done to solve the mystery,

which, however, remains almost impene-

trable. Seneca wrote on U” subject in

a manner differing but slightly from what

might be written in our time. Still a

clear, persuasive theory obtains, namely

that volcanoes are great chimneys rising

from the center of the earth, where in-

candescent matter collects and cools off,

forming quarries and mountains. Are

volcanoes in communication with the





   





_..,





contend! the earth? If it were sapwould

not the earth burst,‘ like "a huge shell?

'It is therefore believed that they average

10,000 meters in depth, a small figure in

comparison with the earth's diameter.

During the formation of mountains there





are terrible upheavals such as earths





quakes. On earth the shocks are insig-

nifica- from a geological str- olnt. but

from the human point of view disastrous

and terrible. Japan has more than 200

volcanoes, of which 50 are active, and

every year it suffers about 500 earth-

quakes. Italy has not such a, number,

but says science: “How many earth-

quakes will yet be needed for the future

modeling of the earth? Were not prob-

ably thousands needed for the formation

of the Apennines?” The latest serious

earthquake in the province of Reggie dl

Calabria occurred near the close of last

year, and in all civilized lands the people

instantly turned 'their attention from

holiday festivities to the task of sending

aid to the inhabitants of stricken Sicily

and Calabrla. Previous to this were the

quakes of Oct. 27, and Nov. 18, 1907, when

the people all fled from their homes.

One violent shock succeeded another in

each of these cataclysms. The people of

the towns and villages fled to the open

air, camping outdoors or taking refuge

from accompanying storms in subterra-

nean grottos. The report of the last

catastrophe says:\



“Men and women, rich and poor, priests

and soldiers are thrown together, and

the devout are raising prayers to the

madonna and the saints to succor them

in their misery. The gravity of the sit-

uation is increased by the inclemency of

the weather."



All this is scarcely consoling to a re-

gion tormented by earth and heaven, for

to earthquakes are added downfalls of

rain from which the peasants must seek

shelter in the tottering houses from which

they have fled, or in natural coverts.





 





A BRUTE OF A HUSBAND





BY EDGAR WHITE.





“In those splendid early days of Mis-

1detour-i the man who stole corn from his

meighbor or licked his wife didn't get off

'with a reprimand from the judge. He

was made to understand that he had

committed a crime. Nowadays he would

be sent to jail possibly for 15 days for

stealing the corn, and the case against

him for licking his wife would be nolle

pressed on his promise to do better. No

wonder the country is going to the dogs.



The story of the erection of a whipping

post in Enslcy township for the punish-

ment of a \\'ife-l_11_\-.1tcr is yet fresh in the

minds of the older inhabitants. hose

stalwart sons had no patience with the

law's red tupe, or with the tommyrot that

now impregnates what we are pleased to

denominato as the course of justice.

.Squire \Villiam Easley, for whom the

township was named, was a flint-lock

musketeer under General Price in the

Mexican war. He had seen his brave

commander string up Greasers for various

deviltries, and his good old conscience

approved the method. When he came to

Missouri he was made justice of the

peace and dealt out more real justice

111.111 has cvor been vouchsafed the citi-

zens of the county since. If the law

books Were against his convictions of

right, he would toss ’cm out the window

and render a decision according to facts.

He would on no account let the books

interfere with justice. There were no

appeals from his decision. He would

have licked the man who had suggested

such a thing. -



When the people along the Charlton

river bottoms were enjoying their annual

visitation of the chills, Squire Easley,

knowing their lack of clocks and watches,

issued an edict that the sawmill engines

should toot their whistles on the proper

occasions for the administration of qui-

nine. .If any resident of the township

could bring evidence that the engineer

had failed to obey this law of Easley

township, the defendant was fined a

month's wages.



The whipping post, as remarked, was

established under the benign; reign of

Squire Easley. Miss Caroline Wentworth,

a lady of uncertain years. but positive

convictions, reported to his honor that

Pierre LeCompt, a frog—eater living down

the stream aways, had laid ‘lostile hands

upon his bright—eyed little wife, Joan.

Pierre lived on Miss Caroline’s road to

town, and as she pursued -her orderly

way to the village to swap a basket of

eggs for a few yards of calico, she heard,

she said, screams issuing from the cot-





tage of the Frenchman, by which token

she knew that the brute was castigating

the little woman whom he had sworn to

cherish and to protect.



Even before she had made her barter

with the village merchant, the excited

Miss Caroline called upon the law’s rep-

resentative and laid the terrible case at

his feet.



Such an accusation in the land of

Easley was worse than walking on the

banner of the nation. That LeCompt was

a foreigner was almost as bad as saying

that he was an anarchist, but being a

foreigner and striking a. woman were two

offenses that placed him beyond the pale

of mercy. So grave was the news brot

in by Miss Caroline that the Squire de-

tained her in town until he could meet

in consultation with several Solomons of

the bailiwick. Before the inquisitorial

board Miss Caroline repeated her infor-

mation, with added detail and flashing

eyes.



She declared that she knew the poor

woman, meaning the Frenchman's wife,

had been sick for some time; that she

had on two or three occasions observed

7 we standing around the yard with a

vindictive scowl upon his face; on the

morning in mwstion as she came by she

distinctly heard screams emanating from

the cottage. Being solitary and alone,

and only a poor woman, and knowing that

a man who would strike his wife would

not hesitate to do the same with a

slrnnger wh might interfere, she did not

think it wise to interrupt the proceedings,

but. hastened to town in order that the

w‘ ~els of justice might be started grind-

ing on this important mission at the ear-

liest pessible moment.



The assembled wisdom bowed approv-

ingly at Miss Caroline's lucid statement,

and commended her upon her prompt-

ness in coming'dlrect to the shop where

justice was handed out,



Pierre and his wife lived in a little

clearing down the river. He chopped

wood and trapped mink, ’coon and ’pos-

sum, in season. Now and then he would

bring a sled load to town, make explosive

signs and utterance to effect the trade,

and return home with the proceeds. No-

body knew much about him, and as com-

municatlon was difficult he was left alone

with the pretty little woman who had

journeyed with him from the empire of

Napoleon. To the few people who had

met the little French girl she had always

appeared bright and happy, but you can't

tell about these foreigners; they are so

dissimulating. Pierre wore a fierce black





   

 





 





AER .

mustache, an imperial- that? looked for

an the world-like the'oneiarrocted” by

Captain Kidd, the pirate, and the grim

tribunal before which his ease was being

considered was thoroly satisfied that ev-

ery word Miss Caroline had ayerred to

was exactly so, she being a good old-

'time Baptist, and a regular attendant at

church.



The only question was the extent of

the punishment. The guilt of the culprit

was assured. Some that the Frenchman

ought to be expedited to the happy land,

arguing with fair logic that his crime

was quite as great as that of a horse

thief, for whom the code of the pioneers

prescribed hanging, without benefit of

clergy.



As a concession to the mercy side,

Squire Easley advocated the use of the

whipping post. He said it had been up





for some time, and that the people were





anxious to see how it was used. He had

lots of friends back in the country, and

he knew they would enjoy the spectacle.

There weren’t many diversions in the

back woods in those days, and the great

-men were often hard put to it to study

up something to keep the community in-

terested. It wouldn't do to let a chance

like this slip by. So the whipping post

idea carried, and a constabl was set to

work making all things ready. It had

occurred to one of the associate judges

that it might have been well to have

called the defendant in to attend trial, but

Squire Easley showed .the foolishness of

this proposition when he remarked that

the Frenchman could talk no English.



Everything was in perfect readiness be-

fore they sent for Pierre. There was no

need of telephone or telegraph to stir up

a crowd. Every outriding traveler stop-

ped at all the cabins along the way and

told the citizens what was up. Inside

of 12 hours the news had thoroly perco-

latcd thruout the valley, and on the day

of the ceremony there was a crowd on

hand to do honor to the Frenchman. In

fact, the crowd was there before sun-up:

There was only the trifling matter of the

victim’s presence to attend to. Squire

Easley told the crowd to be patient for

a little while until he returned with the

Frenchman. He set out on horseback

with a constable, both riders carrying

guns and ropes. In two hours they were

back at the villagenempty-handed.



“No, he didn't get away," explained

Squire Easley, moving his» feet about a

little, and coughing some to clear his

throat. “He was there all right, and so

was she—the little wife. Miss Caroline

—" that austere lady was in the crowd

regarding the court severely—“told the

truth—the little French lady was sick,

but she is better now—much better.

There were screams that day. Miss Caro-

line was right again—perfectly right. But

it was—-er—-a-—new baby they got that

done the screaming, and as it does its

howling in French, it was most natural

that Miss Caroline should be mistaken

as to which one was making the noise.

I always thot French was a fool language

myself, and I don’t blame Miss Caroline

a bit for getting all tangled up about

it. Pierre—the fool Frenchman—is act-

ing like a wild man—he is that tickled.

He wanted us to kiss the pumpkin—faced

thing, and, by George! “'e done it! And

--that's all, fellow citizens; you can go

home now. Miss Caroline, the country

is under obligations to you.”



When the people of Easley township

became prosperous enough to make busi-

ness for a public barber, one of that

craft came to town and put up a shack in

front of the whipping post, which he

illuminated in the colors of his profes-

sion. So the old torture tool worked out

its destiny, after all, for the back woods’

tonsorial artist of that epoch wasn't a

spring zephyr when he moistened his

hands and started to carve the bristles

from the pioneer’s face.





A WORD ABOUT AUGUST.





BY IDA. BE NSEN.





The month of August, which is our

eighth month, was called “Sextilis,” or

the sixth month, in the Roman calendar.

It consisted of but twenty-nine days until

Julius Caesar, in reforming the calendar,

added one day to it.



His nephew, Octavius, who was the

inheritor of his name and fortune, be-

came the first emperor of Rome and was

called by the title of “Augustus," mean-

ing “the revered.”



As the month of July was named for

Julius Caesar, the Roman senate thot

they would do his successor, Augustus, a.

like honor by naming the succeeding

month for him.



But Sextilis had only thirty days, and

July had thirty-one. So the senate,





 





 





wmmtthat til; jih'bnth "‘6?- Angus 1" tus-~





should invasive! honor mu; the month

of Julius, robbed February of a day and

gave it 'to Sextilis, and called the month

“August."





They played high-handed tricks with.





the calendar, those old Romans, when





they had an emperor or great man to.





honor. September was the month of

Augustus’ birth, but many fortunate oc-

currences had happened to him in Au-

gust, and he regarded it as his lucky

month. And, strange to say, it was the

month in which he ended his long and

glorious reign. ‘For the reign of Augus-

tus Caesar is regarded as the most bril-

liant and prosperous time in the history

of ancient Rome.



Ages have passed since the splendor

of the Roman empire died away, yet

each year the month of August brings to

mind the man in whose honor it was

named, and the time when Rome



“Sat on her seven hills,

And, from her throne of beauty, ruled

the world."





LITTLE FARM FABLES.





 





BY ' AUNT QUILLIA.





 





Witch Hazel's Journey.



Once on a. time when men believed in

the divining rod Witch Hazel went on a

journey. ,



This, to her, was a great event for she

had always lived in the woods until, one

day a year or two before, a countryman,

noting her supple beauty hado severed

her from the parent shrub and carried

her home. .



This man was a well-digger, who, ac-

cording to the faith of his times, believed

she would be of great help to him in

locating underground streams. Hence he

made her his constant companion. Wher-

ever he went there, also, went Witch

Hazel directing him, as he supposed, to

hidden fountains under the earth.



Tiring, at last, of what seemed to him

a poor, 'plain life, he determined to seek

his fortune in a distant part of the land.

Having heard of the scarcity of water on

the burning deserts he ’was about to

cross, he packed Witch Hazel, with a. few

other treasures, into a bulging old carpet-

bag and set out for the sun-land" ;' the

southwest. - ' *3”; ' I



And now over the plains they"f ' ' V,‘-’the

canvas of their “prairie schooner” gleam~

ing like white sails on a trackless sea,

or, if one’s imagination were more tame,

shining like a stiffly-starched old-fash-

ioned sun-bonnet as they lumbered along

their lonely way.



On and on they went, past the great

buffalo wallows, the queer villages of the

prairie dogs and the bleaching bones of

travelers that grinned at them in the

cool moonlight or high, hot, midday sun.



At last they came to a line of hills

from which a little river ran. Here,

Witch I-Iazel's master staked his claim

and sat down with his pan on his knee

to wash out the fortune,that he was sure

awaited him in the shining sands of the

stream.



But alas! Gold does not flow much

more readily into the hands of adventur-

ers than into those of plainer men, and so.

after a few months of fruitless washing

and waitin, they set out for their former

home. _



For some reason Witch Hazel seemed

to have lost her magic power—if ever

she had any—and neither going nor rc—

turning was she of the least benefit to

her master, who sometimes nearly per-





 

 





'ished with thirst.





Still, for old times’ sake, he kept her

among his treasures until he came in

sight of the woodland where he found

her when he gave her a careless toss

that landed her on the very spot where

she had first seen the blue sky.



Before her journey Hazel had been

noted for her modest and retiring man—

ners. Now, however, the airs she as-

sumed were both amazing and ridiculous.

For one thing, she flouted her old name

and insisted on being called Miss Hama-

melis. At times she would quite ignore

her old neighbors, then again would as-

sume a patronizing and commiserating

manner almost too exasperating to be

borne. ,



Never did she tire of rehearsing her

own exploits, telling how she had

charmed the waters to the surface of the

parched deserts, and intimating that she

had even located many a secret vien of

gold.



Neither did she cease expatiating on

the wonders of the scenes thru which

she had passed, dilating at great length

on what she termed the graceful forms

of the ungainly cacti, the ample shade





 





 





“_. !





 





4‘.—— - -.—.. rem-l u u....* _
._ ._ Wm. M %-_. - —._—.. 11,-: _. u——.._ c .__,.. _ “no,“ ,. ~___A‘,___,.__Vfiw file—A





- -‘ .,'_.._





 





. AUGUST 7, 1909.”





of some squat mesquite, and the glorious

stretches of’ dismal .sage. .



“Ah!” she would exclaim, “What a. pity

that you backwoods’ people should be so

ignorant of the great outside world.

Poor galocts, you are rooted to the spot

where you were born and can never know

life nOr nature as I have seen it.”



This state of things continued until,

one day in autumn, the poplar, being

more nervous and sensitive than usual,

began to tremble violently at her insult-

ing remarks. The maples blushed scarlet





git-IE MICHIGAN ‘ ‘ FARMER‘.





and even the dignified oak took on a dull

flush of shame. The pine alone remained

calm, and went on with an old lullaby

she was humming. Finally she ceased

and, frowning a. little, darkly said,

“Hazel’s talk reminds me of a day when

a couple of shop hands took their noon-

ing in my shade. They had been discuss-

ing various features of the arts and crafts

when one of them, rising, brushed the

crumbs from his jumper and remarked,

‘You are right. Fresh polish always

spreads itself.’ ”





 





SOME OF OUR WILD FLOWERS—5





BY EVA RYMAN-GAILLARD.





Goldenrod—Dyer’s Weed.—-(Solidago.)



“(ith more than eighty species of this

plant in the United States and fully fifty

of them in the territory over which we

are hunting flowers, it would be hard to

select one particular variety for consid-





eration. Probably the variety best

known as the S. juncea, whose great

panicles (branching and re-branching





and made up of innumerable tiny flowers)

of golden bloom sets the waste places

aglow.



While there is a great differece in the

size of both plants and flowers there is

a general similarity that would prevent

any mistake as to their identity. Some





of the species begin blooming in July,

that time until October one

be brightening

places generally.





and from

species or another will

fence-rows and waste





which grows from six to ten feet tall

and bears so many flowers that it has

been called “a veritable fountain of

gold,” was selected. But to most people

a sunflower of any sort is suggestive of

Kansas.



In other lands the sunflower is culti-.

vated for many purposes, and takes a

leading place in their industries .(includ-

ing agriculture)-—a fact which the United

States might do well to investigate with

a ,view to following a good example.



Mullein—Velvet Dock.——(Verbascum



Thapsos.)



The time of bloom for this plant is

with the flowers of late summer and

fall, but the tall spike formed of small

flowers is not the part of the plant we

admire.



Hundreds pass the rosettes of light,





 





 





 





 





 





Bitter-Sweet garland of foliage arranged by nature, and a handful of berries.





Very few sptcics are known outside

the United States, tho the generic name,

solidago, comes from two Greek words

that mean “to make whole,” in reference

to the medicinal powers of the entire

genus.



Weed tho it is, its beauty has been

recognized to the extent that Alabama,

Missouri, Nebraska and South Dakota

have adopted it as their state flower,

while in 'l‘ennessee and Illinois it stood

near the head of the list when the adop—

tion of a flower was under consideration

—in fact, it. has ranked high when a.

national selection was being advocated.



Sunflower.—-—(Helianthus.)



By mid—summer the sunflowers are

making a gorgeous showing, but, like the

goldenrod, they are too numerous to

classify. One fact. however, is worth

remembering, and that is that a truly

wild sunflower is always a single one,

the. double ones being the result of cul-

tivation.



Wherever seen, a sunflower reminds us

that it is sacred to all sun-worshiping

people and, also, brings to mind the leg-

end that the \vater—lrvmph, Clytie. loved

the sun-god, Apollo, so madly that when

she fOund her love was not returned she

sat for nine days on the ground, without

eating or drinking, but constantly turn-

ing her head to watch the sun until (so

runs the legend) her limbs became root-

ed to the ground and her face changed

to a flower.



This story accounts for the idea that

the sunflower always faces the sun. In

very wet times the plant takes up an

immense amount of water, and if it gets

more than can be thrown off by the

coarse leavt‘s t'hc flower—head takes it

and, becoming heavy, bends over, natur-

ally turning-to the strongest light. In

very dry times even this sort of “turning

to the sun” is not noticed.



Because of the great number of sun-

flowers growing wild in Kansas it was

selected as her state flower, but “just

any sunflower” would not serve as her

emblem, and the Helianthus Orgyalis,





almost white, woolly leaves growing by

the roadside without noticing it or, at

most, with a. passing glance, but in Eng-

land it is cultivated for its beautiful,

plush-like leaves and called the Ameri—

can Velvet Plant, tho it originated in

’J‘hapsOs, as the specific name indicates.



During its first year the plant is a

“foliage” plant, strictly, and it is from

the quality of the leaves that the names

given, and “Adam’s flannel" (as it is

sometimes called) are derived.



It has half-a-hundred common names

and the tall flower-spikes give the Eng-

lish name “hag~taper,” because. of tho

superstition that witches, in olden times,

used them for tapers. The names, Aaron's

club and shepherd's club both come from





the club-like form of the blossom-spike.



The Greeks uSed‘the leaves for lamp-

wick‘s and the Romans dried the tall

flower-stalks, dipped them in suet and

burned them as funeral torches—a cus-

tom that accounts for the common name,

candelaria—while we, more prosaic, make

mullein tea for lung troubles and smoke

the leaves for catarrh.



Milk-Weed—Silk Weed.—(Asclcpias

Syriaca.)



Those who break the stems of this tall,

coarse-growing plant and get the sticky,

milky juice on their hands need no ex-

planation as to why it is called milk-

weed or, sometimes, rubber-tree.



The two pods, filled with the silkiest

down in the world, that follow the clus-





.. .1. “-4... .--.,«-a 1.»,





<9) 97 '





winter and mature their seeds during”

the following summer. The generic

name comes from hama, together with,

and mela, fruit, in reference to this

unusual order of growth—the seeds of one

year’s flowers developing on the bush

with the haves of the following- year.



\Vhen the seed-pods are fully ripe they

burst and throw the seeds many feet

away, and if picked before ripe and brot

into the house they will amaze those un-

acquainted with their “artillery" prac-

tice, and amuse those who are.



The plant that creeps over the ground,

the herbs, shrubs, and towering trees

have, each, their place, but it needs the

clambering vine to add the last touch

of grace to the world of growing things,





 





Wild vines getting a nice start over the





ters of purplish-pink flowers show, equal-

ly Well, the origin of the. name silk





weed.

The milk-weed family includes more

than two hundred genera and nearly





two thousand species but, among them

all, there is none more beautiful than

the tuberous-rooted variety, A. tuberosa,

which, tho lacking the milky sap of other

specieS, is a true milk-weed. Its flat

topped clusters of bright, orange-red

flowers are brilliantly beautiful, and are

followed by the silk-filled pods that mark

the entire family.



The gorgeous coloring of this variety

is, probably, the cause of its being called

“butterfly-weed,” but another of its com-

mon names was given it by the Indians,

who called it “pleurisy—root," becauSe

its long tuberous root was their remedy

for that disease.



In New England this flower grows in

masses along some of the railways, and is

even more common in other localities, yet

plants were brot from Holland to fill

ex ition beds at the (“entennial Expo—

sition. Evidently, some people were ig-

norant of the flowers of their own 10-

cality.



“'here one flOWer has been mentioned

a hundred llaVc come to mind, each worth

study—tho yellow-flowered tansy SO

closely associated with early Easter cus-

toms, and many others, but before we

takc a glance at a very few of' our

flowering vines we must remind flower-

l0\'<‘l‘s to watch for that freak of all

freaks in the floral world, the

Witch Hazel.——(Hamamelis Virginiana.)



The appearance of this shrub, with its

several crooked, branching trunks, as

large as a man‘s arm, springing from one

root, and growing ten feet or more in

height, is unlike other shrubs in form,

but its odd habit of flowering is abso-

lutely freakish.



The. plant simply turns the seasons

around by producing its small, yellow

flowers in the fall—when the leaves are

falling or altogether gone. The flowers

hang to the leafless branches during the





 





Traveler’s Joy, with leaves cut away to show how





leaf- stalks tangle themselves.





chicken-yard fence.





and among them all it would be hard to



find a more beahtiful sort than the



Traveler’s Joy—Virgin’s Bowen—(Clem-

atis Virginiana.)



This is a particularly delightful vine to

find because its beauty takes so many

forms. First, we find the luxuriant vine

clambering over everything in sight by

wrapping its long leaf-stalk around every

object it can reach; then, in July and

August, we find it loaded with white

flowers borne in loose paniclcs. A little

later we find as many fluffy, silvery-

green pompous (seed-pods), while, still

later, we find these transformed into

white, cottony fluffs, the. hoary appear-

ance of which cause the vine to be





 





The ever popular Goldenrod.





known, in some localities, as Old Man‘s

Beard.



The leaf-stalk follows the. sun, when

coiling, and will make a complete circle

in about Six hours. If the reader chances

to hear small boys talking about “Tom-

lulcea” or the “smoking tree," it is safe

to believe they are. talking of this Vine.



Bitter-Sweet—Wax-Work.——(Celastrus



Scandens.)



This woody vine has smafi, scentless,

gl‘cenigh—whito flowers that come in June

but are too small to attract: attention.

Full compensation is made, however, by

the beautiful orange—red berry—like cap—

sules hanging in clusters during the fall

months and attracting attention from a.

great distance. Then, when these cap-

sules burst and turn backward around the

stem, leaving the brilliant red berries ex—

posed to view, they add a charming touch

of color that remains thruout the. winter.



This vine is :1 “twiner” and, if it finds

nothing else to twine around, each new

shoot twincs around the older ones, forms

ing the most perfect natural garlands of

shining green foliage—as shown in illus-

tration. (’l‘his vine must not be con-

founded with the nightshade, which/is

called bitter—sweet in some places, as the

latter contains poison in the form of dul-

eamarin.)



If space permitted we would tell of the

barbcrries, the. black alder and other

plants that hold their bright berries until

after mid-winter, furnishing beauty to

the eye, as well as food for the birds,

and making a winter ramble thru the

fields and woods as well worth while as a.

summer one.



Do not think that a plant seen once is





 





uni—rhesus «.1. np‘W"! w”: a. . .. .
~





.;- .*7*"._._ . .





 





 





 





file”). 4/ -





study.





98 . (10) _ .

a plant known—even tho you may have

examined it root, branch land flower—for





under changed conditions it may surprise

'you. For instance, any of the clovers have





a wonderfully different appearance when .





the young blossoms hide their heads in

an overlapping pair of leaves and the

lower leaves fold closely for the night.

Different varieties fold their leaves in

different ways, but‘each i: an interesting

Not the clovers alone, but many

‘of our wild flowers and common plants

'furnish a field of interesting study in

their changing positions, as night comes

'on, while some are so sensitive that a.

'cloudy day affects them.



If flowers brot from fields or woods





'seem hopeleSSIy wilted, do not throw them





“away, for often they have closed because

shut from the light, and will freshen up

as soon as put in the sunlight—the stems

being in water, of course.



'Some vines twine; others grasp an ob-

ject by leaf-stem or tendril, and others

attach themselves by aerial rootlets.

Some plants have hollow stems and others

solid ones. The method of leaf-spacing

and arrangement differs widely, and in

many ways the plants themselves are as

interesting as the flowers they bear.



Concluding Suggestions.



When bringing plants home, for domes-

tication, bring plenty of soil with them—

not merely what can be made to stick to

the roots, but free soil that can be mixed

(t‘horoly) thru that in which the roots

will be planted. Give every transplanted

plant soil, and other conditions, as nearly

as possible like those from which it was

taken.



Vines are easily handled, as are the

smaller plants growing from bulbs, corms,

or heavy root-stocks, but those having

fine, fibrous roots require vastly greater

care in the work of transplanting and

after care.



For the novice to attempt to transplant

full—grown shrubs is simply a waste of

time and labor, but, often, young speci-

mens may be found growing near them

that may be moved successfully.



Many plants sced freely, and so furnish

an easy way of securing a supply, if the

seeds are given conditions similar to those

Mother Nature would provide for them.



Our wildlngs will thrive indoors, too,

under the right cultural conditions, and a

‘bit of personal experience may serve as

,an illustration, more helpful than mere

directions.



During one summer the writer visited

several places where wild flowers grew

and each time brot home such plants as

were found and, with them, soil—always

soil.



Rather shallow boxes were filled two-

thirds full of the soil (with some other

soil mixed thru it); the roots were plant-

ed and watered, and then set in a shady

place until cold weather, when they were

taken to the cellar. .



Late in January the boxes were brot

to the light and put on low stools to keep

them down where the temperature of the

room was coolest. In an incredibly short

time the blue and yellow violets, the pert

Jack—in-the-Pulpit, stately trilliums,

blood-root and many others, were coming

up thru the moss and partridge—berry Vine

with which I had covered the soil.



By the last of February a “really and

truly” bit of the wildwood was blooming

inside the window, while just outside the

snows were drifting high.



Each spring, after blooming. the soil

was given some liquid fertilizer and the

box placed outside until the next winter.

After a few years the boxes rolled away

and the rods were placed in the open

ground, where they are thriving and giv—

ing me early wild llowcrs each spring.





 





THE RECOMPENSE.





BY DORA H. STOCKMAN.



V’Vhere is the babe, that but the other

day



*I clasped within my arms in fond em-

brace,



Kissing the soft, pink cheeks and won-

dering eyes,



The dimples lurking in the

face?





smiling





Silent the rooms which from the morn





till night .

Echmd with the swift patter of tiny





feet.

I miss the finger marks upon the pane,

The shouts of laughter my coming used

to greet.





No frightened cry disturbs a dreamless

sleep, . . .



I lie awake all night and llsten now-—



Longing for the unconscmus touch of





baby hands ‘

Around my neck and on my feveled





brow,



Cheer up, lone heart. Tomorrow he shall

Thecflglig, lost babe; yet in a stranger



'With galisgtrong hand—clasp and stately





tread. ' _ ,

And a glad greeting in his manly eyes.





 





THE CHEMISTRY OF coMM’ou 1

names.





 





- BY FRANCIS n. WEST, M. 5.





Cooking Soda and Baking Powders.



Some years ago, while working as

chemist for a certain sugar company, I

overheard the following remark by the

superintendent, who is a German: “1

don't like American workmen, for they

won’t do anything without asking why!

My own countrymen go right along and

do what they are told without asking any

questions.”



The American people are inquiring into

the “why” of things more today than

they have at any time in the past. The

American is ever on the alert for new

knowledge and he, wants to know the

“why” of things for the same reason that

the little child asks so many times each

day, “Mamma, why do you do that? Papa,

what is this?"



One of the most encouraging things

about work in agriculture at the present

time is the fact that the farmer and the

housewife are beginning to ask about

the why of the work in which they are

engaged. The work in Domestic Science

in our colleges, high schools and county

normals, together with the work of the

farmers' institutes, have brot to the at-

tention of the housekeeper the fact that

there are many things with which she

works and with which she is surrounded

that she may know much more about.

It is not necessary to say, “I do not

know” to every question that the chil-

dren ask. They expect you to know.



I heard a person say not very long

ago that glucose was made from glue,

but it is not. Some people may think

that German silver contains somesilver,

but it doesn't. Neither does a lead pen-

cil contain any lead, nor sugar of lead

any sugar.



Cooking soda and baking powder are

used by the housewife nearly every day in

the year, but the average woman knows

very little about their composition or the

principles involved in their use. Cooking

soda, or saleratuS, consists of sodium

(Na), a metal resembling lead but much

lighter and softer and very much less

stable, hydrogen (H), which is a very

light invisible gas; and a part of a very

Weak acid (112003) which is known as

carbonic acid. One of the hydrogen atoms

in this acid is displaced by the sodium

50 that the formula for cooking soda be-

comes NaHCOB. If two atoms of sodium

take~the place of the two hydrogen atoms

in the acid, washing soda, Na2CO3 is pro~

duced, so that the only difference between

washing soda and cooking soda is that

one contains twice as much sodium as the

other.



Saleratus, another word for cooking

soda, is made up of two Latin words, sal,

meaning salt, and aeratus, from the Latin

word for air, so that the word saleratus

really means a salt that liberates air or

a gas, which passes up thru the dough

and makes the dough light and porous.



It is interesting to note that some other

common words have their origin in this

word sal, meaning salt. For example, the

word salad for a preparation of vege—

tables dressed with salt and some other

things; the word sauce for a composition

of condiments; the word sausage for a

preparation of meat that is seasoned with

salt and spices; and even the word sal-

ary. “'e often hear the expression, “He

don't earn his salt,” meaning, of course,

that he does not earn his salary. The

use of this Word came about in this

way; the Roman soldiers were given a

certain amount of money for salt, which

was a part of their pay, hence the word

salary. .



Every housewife knows that in using

cooking soda it is necessary to use sour

milk, but with baking powder, sweet milk

or water can be used. The reason sour

milk has to be used with cooking soda

is this: In order to liberate the gas

(CO2), an acid is required and sour milk





contains an acid known as lactic acid,

which has the following formula,

11C3H503. This acid reacts with the





soda, causing a sizzling noise and liberat-

ing a gas, CO2, which passes up thru

the dough, making it porous. The reac-

tion may be shown thus: NaHCO3+

l~lC3H503 : NaCBHSOS + H20 (water) +

CO2.



Baking powders differ from cooking

soda in having the acid already mixed

with the soda, which will not’ react as

long as the baking powder is kept dry,

but when it is moistened, as with water

or milk, a chemical action begins and the

gas, C02, is liberated as in the case of

the soda.



All baking powders are alike in that

they contain cooking soda or the bicar-

bonate of soda, as it is called by chemists.





MICHIGAN F 1





I The" soda "is the gas furnishing material,-





 





 





and there is added» tofisth'is corn "starch





_which is known as a filler and is Famed to





prevent the reaction’ between the soda.

and the acid taking place in the‘ecan by

the absorption of moisture from the air.

The greatest difference between baking

powders is in the nature of the acid used.



There are only {our substances which

experience has shOWn to be at' all suit-

able for the purpose of liberating the gas

from the soda, namely, tartaric acid

(H2C4H406), cream of tartar, »KHC4-

H406, acid phosphate of calcium; CaH4-

(PO4)2, and alum, Na2A12 (SO4)4. ’Tar-

taric acid .is seldom used alone, as it does

not keep, well in the can, but it is often

used to ‘the extent of about 5 per cent

with cream of tartar because it is strong-

er in acid properties than the cream of

tartar and it thus makes it cheaper for

the manufacturer. . .



The best powder is the one that will

liberate the most gas and leave the least

amount of solid residue in the food, but

there is another thing that has to be

taken into consideration and that is the

keeping qualities of the powder and the

imparting of taste to the food. Straight

phosphate and straight tartaric acid pow-

ders do not keep well in the can, while

the alum powders have excellent keeping

qualities, but leave the food slightly bitter.

Baking powder biscuits often have a

slightly'bitter taste and the housewife is

often at a loss to know the cause, but in

most cases it can be traced to baking

powders that contain more or less alum.



The straight tartaric acid powders, the

phosphate powders, and the alum pow-

ders evolve the most gas, but the first

two do not .keep well and the alum pow-

ders give a bitter taste to the food.



The amount of residue left by the pow-

ders is of interest because we want just

as little residue left in the food as pos-

sible. An expert in the manufacture of

baking powders gives the following re-

garding the residues left by using the

various powders. In 100- parts of powder

there is left from tartaric acid powders,

32.3 parts; cream. of tartar powders, 70.0;

straight phosphate, 18.2; straight alum,

31.5. The residue in the case of tartaric

acid is largely Rochelle salts, and some

object to the use of this kind of powder

because of the constant introduction into

the system of small quantities of these

salts. Whether the constant use of small

quantities of Rochelle salts is injurious or

not I am not able to say. The residue in

the case of phosphate powders is largely

sodium phosphate and calcium phosphate.

The latter is a normal constituent of the

bones of the body and the manufacturers

of this kind of powder maintain that it is

much less injurious to have this resdue

left in the body than to have Rochelle

salts left.



The use of too much baking powder

should be avoided, for an excess of gas,

CO2, will not make the dough any more

porous than just enough, and the excess

simply passes off into the air so that it

means a useless waste of the powder.

Besides it leaves an excess of residue

which is objectionable. With a high—

grade baking powder, one heaping tea-

spoonful will be sufficient for one quart

of flour.





AN AERIAL GUARDIAN.

BY BESSIE L. PUTNAM.



A sparrow hawk was recently found

at the upper window of a large barn,

where it was probably in quest of mice,

and it fluttered hard in the vain struggle

to escape. The owner, mistaking it for

a dove, climbed one of the bents of the

plank frame and rescued it. Luckily it

was too much exhausted to make any

defense, else the descent, dangerous at

best with only one hand to sustain, might

have been rendered eventful. Almost

breathless thru fright and fluttering, it

remained motionless in his hand, and not

until safe on terra firma did its captor

take a mental inventory of the hooked

beak and strong talons which gave a

clue to its identity.



The head closely resembles that of a

dove in color, the large eyes, gentle, save

in anger, aiding in the disguise. The

curvature of the beak is rendered less

noticeable by the upper mandible, which

is shaped like a stub pen, fitting into the

lower with mechanical exactness. Seven

perpendicular bars of black mark the

neck in a beautiful manner; and the

breast, which shades to rufus, is blended

with white and distinctly marked with

polka dots of black—an attire worn ex-

clusively by the male. The rest of the

plumage shows a harmonious blending

of slate, white, black and reddish not

uncommon in bird plumage. . The clawa

are long, and cushions on the inner side





Avevbr'rim





of-Ithe ioét enhance its ability to ‘mflfi‘





and hoid. A bit of bright yellowflmav-

gined with scarlet; at 'the " base of the

bill and around the eye are suggestive of

its sanguinary nature.



This bird was placed in a. cage for the

night and, when it'regained breath, pug:-

nacity as well as extreme fright marked

any attempt at familiarity on our part.

It 'absolutely refused food, making fierce

thrusts with beak or foot at the over-

inquisitive. A characteristic attitude

was to lie on one side, striking with the

other foot with an agility and adroitness

quite astonishing. “Do you see that

fist?” was the title quite appropriately

suggested by a small boy for this View

of the bird.





Finally, as tho disgusted with fruitless





attempts to frighten its audience, it sel-

dom gave a protruding finger more than

a look of stoic indifference. The beak

thrusts were not prolonged as at first,

but an occasional one rendered a sharp

eye upon it constantly necessary.



The smallest, most beautiful, and most

widely disseminated among our diurnal

birds of prey, the sparrow hawk adds to

its list of superlatives that of being one

of the very best destroyers of insects and

rodents. Spiders, crickets, beetles, and

other insects are eaten with-great avid—

ity; and tho a relentless enemy to the

English sparrow, rarely, except when

brood-rearing or an unusual scarcity of

insect life prevails, does this diminutive

member of a maligned family deserve

the charge of preying upon young chicks.



It may often be seen circling about a

meadow, flying swiftly or hovering in

mid-air, locating an ill-fated mouse or

grasshopper which it seizes with its

talons, from the ground or while on the

'wing, and quickly dispatches. Florence

Merriam has aptly remarked that while

the swallow and flycatcher use mid-air

for a diningtable, the sparrow hawk uses

it as a perch from which to locate food.

Grasshoppers are its special delight, and

when farmers are enabled to realize the

enormous number annually destroyed by

them their protection will be assured.



While not uncommon from Hudson Bay

to Florida, remaining as a winter rest-

dent in the middle states, it is most fre-

quent in the west, the wide stretches of

prairie or grain offering a bounteous

feast. Constancy in affection is denoted

by the fact that it mates for life, yet

domestic interests are not sufficiently

strong to induce to nest building, after

the manner of other hawks. The sparrow

hawk is quite content with a hole in a

tree, perhaps abandoned by a woodpecker

and quite too cramped for comfort ac-

cording to the usual standard of bird

architecture; or it may resort to a sand-

stone cliff, a clay bank, or a dove cote. \



Tho fierce by nature, it is said to be

readily tamed to respond to the call; our

own brief experience points toward a cor-

roboration of this statement. After a

time it was returned to the yard of the

barn from which it; was captured, ,that

it might have no difficulty in returning

to its companion. For some minutes it

seemed not to realize that it was free;

then, after making a few circles, it flew

to a neighboring woods and alighted on

a tall stub, apparently rejoicing to be

there once more in freedom. And with

this thot we, too, rejoice, trusting that

it may long exercise its aerial guardian-

ship over us against the numerous insect

and rodent pests.





I received the sewng machine, and

have tried it in every way, and find it a

fine machine. It arrived all right and in

good condition. Mrs. H. C. Tanner,

Munith, Mich.





Red-Blooded Exercise.





America is becoming too prone to sit

back in contented admiration and watch

the trained few engage in games of

strength and skill. Exercise should be.

by the people and not for the people.

As a means of exercise nothing embraces

so much of pleasure and exhilaration as

cycling. lvcry muscle, every nerve, ev—

ery faculty is spurred to healthful activ—

ity. And best of all, this exercise is in

the open. where each deep breath of air

fills the lungs with the sweetest and Dur—

est of all health tomes—oxygen. Bi—

cycles have been wonderfully improved

even within the past five years. It is

surprising what a fine Wheel a few dol—

lars will now buy. We never realized

this so fully as we do after looking thru

the latest catalog of the Mead Cycle Com-

pany of Chicago. If you are interested in

bicycles or if you feel the need of this

sort of red-blooded exercise, write this

company for a copy of their catalog. They

will gladly send it and a wheel too for

ten days’ free trial of you wish.





 





A Good Razor.



The razor you sent me is the best I ever



owned. .Have used it for six weeks with-



out touching it to the strap. Accept



thanks for same.-——E.- J. Haskins, Pitts-

ford, Mich.





 





 





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Imui‘r‘sx .2... x





‘ ‘ :‘*““"w11».?‘1n .





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' .sciisoogl'rme. That an the elm-tree's nodding crest.





. - And even the nest beneath the eaves;—

There are no-birds in last year’s nest!





 





. .99.

NEVER LEM:





OROOFIIVG





(11)





FHEMICHIGAN FARMER. ' § .





GONG





A B: m! .3. WHITE,





one. mornlrigibrlght and fair

- ‘ In the spring, '

When the fresh and balmy air





 





I “All things rejoice in- youth and love,

The fullness of their first delight!

And learn from the soft heavens above





     





I‘IIl_’_“i}l| l" I a I ii *1 [IV‘JL‘I l‘





 

   

 





     

   





 





   

   





. Seems to bring - _ \ ., _

$I1me list—flying dfiaistlfrf—more , The melting tenderness 0f night. 27., “N “IlIIImIIIITn‘xn I IIIIIIIIii'illii "“ ”III Ilil I '

an ever e ore—- “ . ., ......- II'" ‘ I. -., .1! .a. Mini. "ll llil ‘liil IIll

Then you’re bound to hear the horrid Maiden, that reads; this simple rhyme, 9'7,” Illll II " lllIIII guililN PANLL till Illllllllnllllr I ‘ 7 __H__’ lililulilil“ ,

School-bell ring. EEPJOégl thg’ youth, 1" f‘iiil no}; Stay; JIM ill H" lllm , ..mml u",IIIIII II IIII""""" il III II II Mill/ilk?" i—f :j r" H, II“ M “‘1'"

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J y 16 r g n 3 p "Lfllllllllllllllllll \- IIIIIlllll lllll,gmum«mmiIIIIIIIIIIIIIII:IImIIIIIIIIIIIIILI'z.IgIII-II1.IIII..II.~II.IIIIIIIII~





 





   

   

 





For 0! it is not always May! \





.W.





   





 





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





 

 





 

 





Hurry up! Hurry up!.

. Still it seems to say;

Everything a-calling you

To stop 'while on the way.





 





 





Cengo on Allen Panel Co.’s Buildings. Johnson City. Tenn.



LIABLE, durable, easily laid, and of such waterproof qualities



that it equals rubber itself in keeping out water—~that’s Congo.



Storms do not affect it, neither does heat nor cold.



Congo doesn’t dry our or rot out.



Every roll runs uniform throughout, with smooth, even edges.



Nails, caps and cement free in center of each roll.



Congo gives maximum service with minimum care.



A genuine Guarantee Bond of the National Surety Co. with



every roll.

It’s worth while writing for a free sample. Do it to-day.





UNITED ROOFING AND M’F’G. CO.





Successors to Buchanan Poster Co.

535 WEST END TRUST BLDO., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO





“Enjoy the Spring of Love and Youth,

To some good angel leave the rest:



For time will teach thee soon the truth,

There are no birds in last year‘s nest!”

This simple little rhyme, “The Rainy



Day,” is optimistic, cheering and com-



forting. We all have moments of de—





pression.

“The day is cold, and dark, and dreary,

It rains, and the wind is never weary;

The vine still clings to the inouldering

wall,

But at every gust the dead leaves fal‘,

And the day is dark and dreary.





In the meadow by the brook,

In the fall,

In a cool and shady nook,

Best of all,

When the fish are biting fast,

And you’ve landed one at last,

Then you’re bound to “hear the horrid

school-bell call.





Hurry up! Hurry up!

Still it seems to say;_

Everything a—calling you

To stop while on t e way.





 





In the winter on the lake,



Frosty day,

Just a. dandy time to skate



All the way,

” Turning here and swiftly glide

With your sweetheart by your side——

’- Then you’re bound to hear the horrid

‘ School-bell say:





Hurry up! Hurry up!

Still it seems to say;

Everything a-calling you

To stop while on the way.





"My life is cold, and dark, and dreary;

It rains, and the wind is never weary;

My thots still cling to the mouldering





Past,

But the hopes of youth fall thick in the





blast,

And the days are dark and dreary.





“Be still, sad heart! and cease repining;



Behind the clouds is the sun still shining;



Thy fate is the common fate of all,



Into each life some rain must fall,



Some days must be dark and dreary.



Below, I quote three verses from “The



Day is Done.”



“Read from some humbler poet,





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

 





 





 





,. In the summer’s sand and heat

On the farm,

When the stubble prick your feet,

And your arm





f Gets so tired 0f constant lioeing Whose songs gushed from his heart,

“:3 Where the garden truck is growing, AS showers from the clouds of summer. »

' ‘1 Don’t yOSu hszlhbycl’lu'q hear the sweet 01d Or tears from the eye-lids start; ,

, c 00— e ring. I )

3 “ from the treasured volume & HERS

Hurry up! Hurry up! Then read < >I ,I ’ 3 I R I I I

.i ‘1' Don’t you Wish ’twould say, The poem of thy choice, . ,

' Everything a-calling you And lend 10 the rhyme ‘Of the poet

i To stop while on the way. I‘he beauty of thy VOice.





 





“And the night shall be filled with music,

And the cares that infest the day,



Shall fold their tents, like the Arabs,

And as silently steal away.”





KINKS.





Kink l—Hidden Insects.





The common names of insects are men"

tioned 20 times in the following narrative.

Get out your insect books and hunt them

out, tho most of them are such familiar

names that you will not need your books.

To indicate your findings write out the

narrative neatly, and place parentheses

the





Lightning Rods





Are Properly Made and Properly Put Up





THIS is true, because every man connected with the making or





THE EARLY AMERICAN AUTHORS.





 





BY CARL S. LOWDEN.





 





 





Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.





“I will be eminent in something," de-

clared the young poet one day; and his

ambition was realized, for the name of

Longfellow designates the man who be—

came “America’s best” among poets. At

eighteen he graduated from Bowdoin,

delivering his oration, “American Liter-

ature.” This attracted unusual notice,





 





erecting of the rods, from l’rof. Dodd to the very newest man



. knows his business. Every Spmil of rod we make passes



the careful scrutiny of the foreman and bears his inspection



mark; every spool bears the shop record, Showing the name of the

man who made it, the date, and the machine upon which it was



made.



This special care is re uircd so that when you buy Lightning

Rods you get protection rom damage by lightning if you buy





a





..1 (fan... ........- .

“‘6‘“





edit? in 1826, the next year after the around the letters which stand for v , . ‘



iii event he was cent to Europe to repare insect names. In some cases the pronun— the DOdd & btruthf rs rOd- . . _ .



2 3 , s . . . D , ciation will indicate the insects, the spell— The idea that Just anything Wlll do so it is callcd a Lightning



2,; for a Promssorsmp 1“ “15 0W“ 001mg“- ing not beingbemCtlY the same as in UN: Rod is wrong. The best is none too good, and when you trust

3 Returning after three years, he allied insect name, ut in nine cases 18 9X30 ' ' - . , . '. .. . ’ '. ‘

i himself with Bowdoin‘ later he became letters of the insect names are found yofulrlifeiitp‘al Lightning Rod “lltll astorm is inguig, you will be

1 . ’ ‘ contiguOusly in the text of the narrative. 5“ (1' an (:6 better if you know the rods you have are admitted

. j a professor m Harvard. He went abroad The Narrative. by all good alltllOY‘lthS to be the standard. Dodd & Struthcrs’

I, a second and a third time; VVaS' married Said- Orville Wright to Wilbur Wright rods were the ones to receive the lllgllUSt award at the \Vorld’s

i. more than once; in 1804 he I‘OSlgned his as they set out to make a flight the other Fair at ht. Louis, and also Jamestown, N. J.





day: ”What’ll you bet we don’t take :1 If you buy the Dodd & Struthcrs rod you can get your insur-





 





 





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





position; saw the East again; and died tumble?” “B‘gone with vour fears'" 'm_ .1 .



. m 1882 at Cambridge, Mass. . swercd \Vilbur. “\Ve may fly all right ancgfltfz 05:11:2303.31319,I‘WIIvlmll‘m' . . , 4

From 1334-1330 he wrote oxt(.nswer_ today. Anyhow we“ have m tn. em, in, I‘l.. Iosrason witiout Lightning Itods.

During that time he publishcd misc folks will be ca ling our machine a mum Don 1: buy an imitation.

‘ Z . n 1 - n i. -, ,4 , .. .... bug.” So they ‘.'niikcd up and she sailed Bil Dodd & Qty“ ..i . . . .,

I { 200kji' Ligaiiiglelmcét fi’auathg, tlibe off like a mighty bird. and skated Hm)“ y < I thu s rods and be safe.

I I our Slip O 185 an 15.1,” an 0 101‘s. iiigly up and down and around in the sky.

I I Volumes of poems which appeared at Sai‘lfll tGeiwral h’lilcs to tilluiici'tle MIiIIUI'L DODD & STRUTHERS, DES MOINES, 1000A

- . . u, . ,- .. ~ iii to you suppose iv o 101' iirts;

if that time .contaI‘ned. 1333615101" think of the aeropliinc‘s warble?" Siiid‘

i Psalm of Life, Rainy Day, “The General Miller to General Miles: “l'lll:

i Building of the Ship,” ”The Skeleton in {none ipqiligsiliiye about \filliiii they thinlk of‘

,, .. . . ,, 1a 5 in Nigger s po u in” :i mosp iei'e ‘



I Armor, ReSigna'i-lon.“ \et'c. Longfellow up there." Just then the aeroplane bcgaii’l .



translated Dante s Divmc Comedy, to jigger and dip. A Dutchman, when he P9959 85. Rubber E38198!





spicd her doing that, remarked: “l pot





and numerous poems from the German; _ ..

()riillo. he now say to \l ilpur. ‘lt moost no





but all of this work lacks spirit, sustain-





 





 





ROOFING





_ . vc vill pooty soon qu‘I-k shli'ikc bottom

iiig power, and the untraiiimcled essential arpddy yet.’ .. And they did. TIN“. WW“ ‘ —-orilv'a hammer

Quality of his other writings. Ilis prose I‘ight dOWllfllntO Ii litilo I)1"'I‘l{, Its hm] ageiihliliiriniifgggi

. . . _ . .. , . mg was so , so tiev didn't not lllll‘i, I-x— nailsir-ewizh

\VdS very fPLl)l€, but 1115 poetry, “lllCh (10131) when GGnPl‘zll h’liles (‘X('lLlllIl'\‘IlZ “'l‘llill‘ iVearepracticalroofingmen. Youcrindependonoursmtcmcnis m h each

and knowledge of rooting. Don't let our lowar prices sczire you. Order.





was a damn sell fly!" They rcproachcd

him for his impolitcncss.





Prizes for Straightening Kinks.





seems to have been the special medium

to which lie was adapted, is seldom ser-

iously defective.





Weinviic most rigid examination of ll-ll Rooung beside any other

rooting made. Our sales have gr0\\'n“(ll.iul)lt‘d and tripled by ..I M- \\\





repeat ordcrs from satisfied users and their friends for several 1 ‘

. _



e



Promptest Delivery r





 





 





 





 





 





years. Why pay more? \Vc save you hall. Keep the cash





Longfellow was optimistic. frank, lov- T0 the sender Of 9301‘ Of the to“ neatest sum” yourself' Why pixvvhinO‘lmIWStiii B I H

- . , 1 , ' . V - en you )lly rccse r05. {ii i )c-r .

able, caSily impressed, and buoyant. He (flared. Vansursis to “If: “hm 9 Kmk‘ “e E.” Book and Roofing you are unnecicd for year. In (chker than D°a|¢rs Get)

“1 gm e C 0 (e (if ,1 package of 50 ample FREE conic. Our guarantee is absolute. “'c Lowest Direct Factory Prices





stand ready to make good on every claim.



“/6 pay the freight to all points East of the “Vet lines of

Minnesota. Iuwzi and Missouri and North oi the South lint: oi

Tennessee. It you live beyond, we pay it that for. Take advan-

tage oi this opportunity and SL‘l'Hl in your order or ask for free

samples and book at once. Dclil)’ may cost you money.





had a broad sympathy, was sincrrc, never

offensive, and always entertaining.

These qualities of his temperament are

his verses. “Hiawatha” is





post—cards representing a trip around the

world. a copy of “Concrete Construction

on the Farm,” or a fountain pen.

W'here contestant or some member of his

family is not a regular subscriber a





Freight Prepaid on 100 lbs. or More

35-“). Roll—108 Sq. Ft.—1-Ply—$ 1.35

45-11). Roll-108 Sq. Ft.—2-Ply—- 1 .85





manifest in 55-lb. Roll—108 Sq. Ft.—3-Ply-—-





   





 





 





 





I A» ’ perhaps his most notable production; it year’s subscription (75c) must accompany THE BREESE BROS can A oofin e t ’4 in . .



. . - P Mr R g D . 0 cmnai‘ 0



i is haunting, musical, fantastic, grim, answers. Answers must not reach us ' p ' I, ha,

later than Aug. 27, as correct solutions





original, impressive—it is almost impos—

sible to enumerate its special mcrits, for





will be published in issue of Sept. 4. Ad—

dress answers to Puzzle Dept, Michigan





DO





they are blended so liarinmiiously that: Farmer. O

the one word to describe the legend is Answers to JUIY 3 KirikS. 9; >

“charming,” and that term is inefficient. Kink '- Four States.—_Missouri, Cori- 3 Cl

His “Evangeline” is very similar; and necticut, Colorado and Ohm' g 5

“Excelsior" with its lofty ideals clings NK'M: ||.-—Word Sqrgres‘.) ....... N g

‘ o. . o. z. ‘3

to the memory of the reader. Judged H E A R T H A T E R a, :I

by all and each part of his work, Long— E R R O R A 1) 0 R E lg o

fellow surpasses all other American A R I S E T O G A S :I n.

, poets R O S I N E R A S E

‘ ' ' . t’ ‘ _ g T R E N D R E S E '1‘ They are made of the finest steel that

One of this poe s most delicate bits of Kin ill. Fourth of July Charade.—-— can be DUt in a razor, and are all ready

to begin action. Don't let the low price





Declaration of Independence.

July 3 Prize Winners.





sentiment and truth is the short compo-

sition, entitled, “It is Not Always May.”





scare you. Dealers would charge you

$2.50 for a razor no better than What we





 





 





“The sun is bright—~the air is clear:

The darting swallows soar and sing,

And from the stately elms I hear

The blue-bird prophesying Spring.





“So blue yon winding river flows,

It seems an outlet from the sky,



Where waiting till the West Wllid.blOWS,

The freighted clouds at anchor lie.



new;-the buds, the





are





“All things





leaves,





Solvers of Kinks of July 3 to whom

prizes are awarded are the following:

Miss Nina Hubbard. Mrs. Jas. W. Burt,

.T. W. Houghton, H. C. Olsen. Andrew

Hale, Wm. Leatham, Miss Lucile Rem-

sen ,Mildred Vovillia, Mrs. WI R. Ran-

dall, Muriel Fuller. J. A. Newman, Miss

Lulu Rentschler, Mrs. Burton T. Bates,

Miss Susan McPherson, Mrs. Clarence

Grahe, Marion Nisbet. Lottie McInnls,

S. G. BustOn. Mrs. V. G. Wilbur, Rae





Greek, J. M. Whitacre and Sara A. Smith. l





 





Each razor fully guaranteed. There can be nothing better in

Order at once, 75 cents, postage paid. 8 cents extra





ask 75 cents for.

a razor, regardless of price.

if registered. You will not have to saw your heard on”. Once over will make your





face smooth as a baby's. We use one and know whereof we speak. With The





Farmer a year $1.25; 2 years. $1.65; 3 years, $2.00.

Shaved With It Three Years.





I first signed for the Michigan Farmer, I also ordered

one of your German razors. I have shaved with it ever since, and I find that it is

the best razor I have ever used, and anyone needing a good razor will make no

mistake in trying one of your razors—H. D. Inglis.



THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit, Mich.





Three years ago when
\





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





WWMM.~- _ _ .. ‘





 





 





mi .





100





 





' THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





OF INTEREST @1—





-© TO WOMEN





 





HoME CHATS WITH FARMERS'

WIVES. \





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOODu





Improving Our District School.



In spite of the well-deserved eulogies

repeatedly declared at results effected by

our country schools in the past the fact

remains that they might be improved.



We point with pride to the numbers of

pupils ‘who have gone out from the little

red schoolhouses and attained distinction

in the world. Men whom the nation has

delighted to honor have sat on the rough

benches and there gained the rudiments

of agi education, all that they ever had

of intellectual training before starting out

to battle against odds and succeeding in

the face of discouragement by the very

force of character fostered by their early

environment,



We call to mind that a very large pro—

portion of our greatest statesmen, presi-

dents, governors, senators, have begun

life on the farm and in a district school

applied themselves to their studies. Many

of these men enjoyed further scholastic

advantages while a. few never went be-

yond t‘hese primitive sources of learn-

ing.-



But we must acknowledge that while

the educational facilities afforded by

those schools were the best that could

be afforded at that time, they would not

fill the demands of today. Changes meet

us on every hand, and nowhere are these

more decided than along educational

lines. From the day of the three R’s to

the twentieth century many new ideas

have been evolved as to education and

what the word means. Our best instruc-

tors are now unanimous in demanding

training for the hand as well as the

brain, and we have entered upon a period

wherein that principle is being given

prominence. ‘



‘That this is a far more rational meth-

od than the old, few in this day and age

will attempt to deny. If education is a

“preparation for contact,” as one has de-



fined it, then truly the eye and the hand

should be tiaincd as Well as the mind,

for many more gain a livelihood by the

hand than the brain



We are just beginning to realize that

the training affmdcd by our countiy

schools has been illy—l’ntended toward

developing a love of the farm in the

farmer’s children It is easy now to see

that this charge is not without some

foundation. East, west, north and south

a great hue and cry has gone up over

the fact that boys and girls are not con—

tent to settle down upon the soil which

their fathers had tilled, and where they

themselves have been reared, but are

leaving for the city at the earliest op-

portunity. Lighter work, shorter hours,

better pay, have all come in for their

share of the blame in ascribing a reason

for this. Fathers and mothers 'have

been censured for not making home more

attractive, for not providing less of work

and more of recreation and for dcriding



their own avocation and discouraging

their boys and girls against following it.

All to no purpose! The exodus from the

farm continues in spite of the wise ones

pointing out the mistakes of parents and

the best efforts of the latter to over-

come. the evil.



Now We are beginning to see that at

the bottom of it all lies a defective sys—

tem of education. The child has been

educated away from the. farm from his

earliest recollection. Instead of the school

teaching him something about the things

he comes in contact with every day, the

things with which he is familiar and

about which he ought to know if ever he.

is going to be interested in crop-raising

and stock—growing, he has been left en-

tirely in the dark concerning them and led

along lines entirely foreign to such a life,

In short his education tends to push him

cityward.





What can be done to make the farm-

er's vocation a more attractive one to

the young? One answer to this is, be—





gin to interest them in it from their car-

licst years. IVho ever saw a child who

could not be interested in demonstration





work? The kindergarten, domestic sci-

ence and manual training departments,

where introduced, are more readily ac-





cepted than those departments where

purely mental development is looked af-

ter. In our cities where shop work has

been introduced we are told by the in—

structors that many times all that holds

a. boy to his studies is the bench and

tools which he is permitted to use, pro-





vided he keeps up with his other classes.

Why may we not expect more love of

the farm with its varied lines of opera-

tions if proper attention is devoted to-

ward interesting the child in the wonder-

ful things of nature which to so many

remain a closed book thruout life?

Women are upon school boards in oc-

casional instances already. But whether

this is true in any case or not matters

little if they will become active in cre-

ating public sentiment in favor of the

new idea. Let the right persons be put

upon the board at the coming school





 





Serpentine design is often used.





meeting. Let this subject of teaching ag-

riculture be brot before the people and

freely discussed. Talk the matter over

with the county commissioner. Send to

the Agricultural College at Lansing for

information, and if possible secure a per-

sonal addreSS from Professor French of

the college faculty. Secure a teacher

who is more than passably competent;

one specially trained for teaching rural

Schools, then let the patrons unite to give

her hearty support and co- operate in1

every way for the best interests of the

pupfls.



Granges and farmers’ clubs would be

doing a good thing to bring this subject

before their meetings more than they

do. It is true it has been agitated con—

siderably already, but not yet has the

movement gained sufficient support.

There is no question about the final out-

come, but so far it lacks the undivided

interest of all the people. Agriculture in

the public schools has made good wher-

ever it has been given a trial. What

on earth should be the logical study of

a farmer if not agriculture? “is boys and

girls are farmers in embryo and their in-





struction should early be begun

If the agricultural interests of the

country are to be maintained there must





be more interest developed and more in-

telligence displayed on the part of the

rural population generally. I fully be-

lieve that could we educate one genera—

tion of our young people along agricul-

tural lines, giving them the advantages

now afforded fer scientific insight into

what has in the past been more or less of

a mystery, this trouble of leaving the

farm to seek other avocations would

largely be done away with.



It will be uSeless to expect any young

man to remain upon the farm unless it

pays. By means of advanced knowledge





and not down.





motlng this question. Talk farming up

Never bemoan the fate

of farm women. Their lot is better than

the average of 'womankind even at the

worst, and there is no place short of

heaven where there is nothing which

might not be improved upon. Even

there I imagine some will not be satis-

fled.



Farming and country life in general

has many points to recommend it. One

of the greatest drawbacks in the past

has been, as I have said, that farmers

themselves did not enjoy it and took no

pains to hide the fact.‘ They gave their

children to understand that anything

else was preferable. Is it strange that

the lesson has been learned and that

boys a‘ ’ girls have come to believe this

to be true.



The time for the annual school meeting

is approaching. W‘omen are usually not

largely in evidence at these gatherings,

but no one should be mere interested

than they. Let them turn out in force

this year and see that the right officers

are elected. Turn out the old fogies, if

such are now in power, and substitute

some one with up-to-date ideas, some

one who is alive to rural interests and

who will work to forward the advance

movement for more ‘effective training

and a better agriculture for the coming

generation.





NOVEL HEMS.





BY MAE Y. MAHAFFY.





Of late there has been a decided reac-

tion from the plain, evenly turned heins

so long in vogue in favor of those of more

fanciful shape, especially for garments

made from sheer fabrics. The heavier

materials are not tabooed altogether in

this work, but they are by no means so

attractive in it as those of thinner weave,

like swiss, lawn, organdy, etc. Novel





hems on this order furnish quite sufficient





 





 





Tucks and fancy hem combined are





attractive.





embellishment for many garments, and

thus save the usual expense of laces or

embroideries.

garment where hems may be turned neat-

ly, or on washable fancy work, such as

curtains, pillow tops, bedspreads, Shams,

table covers, and the like.





In the illustrations three samples of

these hems are shown, and a majority

of workers will very quickly plan out





 





 





 





 





Battlement style ls sul





he would be able to make it pay as well as

any other legitimate business. The skillful

horticulturist makes it pay. The dairy

is paying big dividends right along to

those who devote their attention to it

in a sdentific and practical manner. In

every department those who apply thoro

methods find no fault with financial re-

turns. Those who do this are working

intelligently.



FOr the wives and mothers there is

much that can be done by way of pro-





table f0r wide hems.





other patterns of the. Same order from

these hints. The design having the tucks

above illustrates the attractiveness of a

(-mbination of tucks with a fancy hem.

This hem is in tab-like form, the extra

parts being cut out and the edges turn-ed

under neatly.



‘The smallest design shown is on the

serpentine order, with two rows of stitch-

ing, while the remaining pattern is in

battlement style, and is suitable for quite

wide hems One must of course measure





1" ' - ., Armando.





THE NEW WMMI





Made Over by Quitting Coffee;





'Coffee'probablvarecks a greater per-

centage of Southerners than of Northern

people for Southerners use it more freely.



The work it does is distressing enough

in some instances; as an illustration, a.

woman of Richmond, Va., writes:



“I was a coffee drinker for years and

for about six years my health was com-

pletely shattered. I suffered ‘fearfully

with headaches and nervousness, also'

palpitation of the heart and loss of ap-

petite.



“My sight gradually began to fail and

‘finally I lost the sight of- one eye alto-

gether. The eye was operated upon and

the sight partially restored, then I be-

came totally blind in the other eye.



“My doctor used to urge me to give up

coffee but I was wilful and continued to

drink it until finally in a case of severe

illness the doctor insisted that I must give

up the coffee, so I began using Postum

and in a month I felt like a new creature.



“I steadily gained in health and

strength. About a month ago I began using

Grape-Nuts food and the effect has been

wonderful. I really feel like a new WO-

man and have gained about 25 pounds.



“I am quite an elderly lady and before

using Postum and Grape-Nuts I could not

walk a square without exceeding fatigue,

now I walk ten or twelve without feel-

ing it. Formerly in reading I could re-

member but little but now my memory

holds fast what I read.



“Several friends who have seen the re-

markable effects of Postum and Grape-

Nuts on me have urged that I give the

facts to the public for the sake of suffer-

ing humanity. so, altho I dislike publicity,

you can publish this letter if you like."



Read “The Road to VVellville,” in pkgs.

“There's a Reason.”



Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true

and full of human interest.





Killer Agents Wanted





in each town to ride and exhibit

low r51: or Sfiacial





sam le

in "in c ' n a (gin

no- IIIPIII e to $ 7





1910 Models

ivlth Coasteppnkes and Puncture-Proof fires.





a. 1909 nodal. $7 to $12





 





 





 

 

 





751165 biz“ muffin-d

econ -

All make: and madelx, ' 3 I '

' . good ax 11:10.. .. 0

Great Factor" "Clean-in Sale.

We n ”DPOVI without:

an! deposit. my the freight and allow

— TEN DAYS” FREE TRIAL.





Tires. coaster-brakes, um,“-

, pairs and sundries. half usual prices. 0 not

buy till you get our catalogs and offer. Write now.





YCLE 00.. Dept. ll 11 Chicago





 





 





 





 





 





They are suitable on any;





—ATLAS-





E=Z Seal Jar





(Lightning Trimmings)



Most convenient jar made. Easiest to fill,

empty and clean. No tin or zinc in contact

with contents—all glass. Extra thick at to

and smooth finish on lip. Don’ 1: stick to old}?

style jars which hold only cut or crushed

fruit and break easily. Ask for ATLAS inns

and have the best.‘





HAZEL-ATLAS GLAIS 00.. Whoollnn. W. VI.





 





 





 





 

 





 





 





HARTSHORN

SHADE ROLLERS





Bear the script name of

Stewart Ilartshorn on label.

Get " Improved," no tacks required.





Wood Rollers Tin Rollers





FOR SALE—Newp Buick 1909 Model 5.



40 H. ,fully equipped with

top. automatic wind shield.P 6 lamps and generator.

new set of quick detachable tires, not run over 100

miles. also two extra tires with cover for some.

Jones speedometer, clock, magneto. in fact a moat

commit)“: car. If sold quick 01 250. Seats 5 people.



RD .MAHEB, 139 Benublen St.. Detroit. Mich.





 





 





 





THE AFTER HARVEST TERM OF





Jones Nai’ I School of Auoiioneering





The oldest largest and most successful School

of Auctioneering in the world.

OPENS AUGUST 30. l909.

For free catalog and other information address





AREY l1. JONES. Pres.

1215 Washington Blvd. Chicago, Ill.





 





WANTED— Census Office Clerks Railway Mall

Clerks. City Carriers. Poatoflice Clerks, October gnu

Nov. examinations everywhere. 9600 to $1600 yearly.

Common education sufficient. Politic-l influence

unnecessary. Candidates coached free. Write immediately for

schedule. Fronklln Institute, Dent. J 52. Rochester. MN-

E A H" ing ferns. evergreens, flowers. roots. herbs.

Barton, llo-F Port": St. New Haven. Ct.





AGENTS ..” .—

876 monthly. Combination \r





lling Pin .Nine articles combined. Lightning Seller:

Sample tree. P0351133 MPG. 00.. Box 28'? DWI , 0

Second Hand





SEVERAL c v c L on E WELL DRILLING MAOHINES





for sale cheap. Suitable for drilling Arteslnn Wells.





 





$50 to $500 spare time this summer gather-





 





 





 





erte Ilohlnn Prospecting-200., Eddy Bulldlng. Satin-w. lull.
‘-'Aucusrr.1ua:-

eachpe'rtigfn, 9.! in? pattern, ad’th'etjall

mine-mas uremia! size. Instead of,

or incontinent?!) with the machine stitch-

ing the worker may use any fancy em-

broidery stitch, such as feather stitching,

French knots in rows, or some simple

vine-like design in outline stitch. For

aprons and children’s dresses such work

is particularly fitted, giving ornamenta-

tion, and at the same time eliminating

the lavish or over-trimmed effect so often





seen.





 





USING THE VERANDAH.





 





BY E. J. LYNCH.





I wonder if all the farm folk who have

beautiful, attractive verandahs really get

all the comfort out of them in the sum-

mer that they might. Just a little plan-

ning and a little work can make the home

verandah the most beautiful, comfortable

spot on the farm. A few hanging baskets

filled with flowers in sufficient variety

that there will always be something in

bloom during the three hottest months,

or some boxes for the edge with some

overhanging vines, and some of the old,

easily-cared-for favorite flowers, will do

much to lend a charm to this part of the

family domain. -



Instead of dragging chairs to and from

the inside of the house every day or of-

tener, have a few durable, easy porch

rockers that can remain on the porch

through the season.



Plenty of porch cushions for the steps

can be made from straw and canvass,

wit'h'a washable cover of some kind. Corn

‘husks and clover, or new—mown grass,

can all be used for filling such cushions.



However beautiful vine-covered porch-

es and cottages may be there are some

disadvantages. Vines attract worms and

slugs, and some of the hardier vines have

proven such delightful places for spar-

rows to congregate that their desirability

was decidedly to be questioned. Then,

too, .a vine, while at times it may shield

from the sun, also decidedly obstructs

the current of air and the view, and pre-

vents the occupants of the verandah from.

getting the breezes from all quarters. A

porch curtain can be made frdm canvass,

on striped denim, or even unbleached

muslin, and this can be gotten out of the

way When it is not desired, which is im-



13'5" with- a vine.” This curtain can



*fin’gs‘through which a stout wire

orbtrod is passed,.or it can be tacked to

a- roller at the top and easily adjusted

by a cord and pulley.



.Filhere is no reason why many of the

meals in summer should not be eaten on

the verandah, if the kitchen or dining

room is stuffy and hot. A friend of mine

had one corner of her verandah fitted up

for a dining room, and frcm May till

September all meals were taken there, ex-

cept in rainy or unpleasant weather. She

had an extra fall—leaf table which was

easily moved there and accommodated her

small family as well as a couple of visit—

Ors, as Occasion required. A small table

in the corner was used to hold the des-

sert or the soiled plates. By using a large

tray to carry things to and from the kit—

chen, time and steps were saved, and

the change was certainly greatly enjoyed

by all concerned. A curtain made of or-

dinary unbleached muslin was used when,

because of rain or for any other reason,

a curtain was needed.



One of the gifts most appreciated by a

lady friend was a swinging porch couch

made by her son. It was plainly made In

mission style and suspended by chains

from the roof. It took up much less

room than a hammock and was a much

more comfortable thing to lie in. If she

wished to stretch out for a half hour, a

thick, bright-colored blanket made a pad,

and with plenty of cushions she enjoyed

many delightfully comfortable hours there

during the summer.





'HOT WEATHER HEALTH HINTS.





 





BY CHA'RLO’I‘TE A. AIKENS.



In warmer weather better ventilation of

living and sleeping rooms by means of

open doors and 'windows assures cleaner

air to breathe, and the chief cause of

colds and affections of the air passages—-

bad air—is removed.



Summer colds are not uncommon, but

the chief ailments to be feared during

the hot weather are disorders of the di-

gestive tract. With the coming of the

hot weather the fly awakes to activity,

and adds not only to the discomforts

of the heat but contributes materially to

the list of summer ailments both in chil-

dren and adults.



Every one knows that flies fairly revel

in filth of every kind. The fly that has

been disporting itself around the swill

pail or ‘barrel and regaling itself on

the various forms of filth and disease





, house.





 





 





germs. found therein, may be found a 'few





minutes later crawling over the food on

the table. And flies‘never take the pains

to wipe their feet before "entering the

A worker in a bacteriological

laboratory—a place where they examine

germs of all kinds under the microscope

and study their habits and how they

grow and. do their work—caught a fly

once that had been playing around a

dirty scrap pail and proceeded to count

the germs on his feet and legs. He found

that on that one single fly there were

more than 300,000 tiny germs. These

germs have remarkable powers of mul-

tiplication. Some of them double their

numbers every twenty minutes. When

one sees the carelessness about flies in

some farm homes, ‘it is not hard to un-

derstand why we hear so much about

digestive troubles of various kinds in

summer. The fly which has gained ad-

mission to the milk pitcher has probably

carried with it hundreds of thousands of

germs, which if tint milk be drank, will

be carried into somebody’s body. Nature

has provided us with a chain of defense

which we'call our resistive force, which

enables us to withstand the invasion of

these germs unless they are present in

unusually large numbers, but it- should

require no argument to convince the in-

telligent house-wife that one of her chief

summer duties is to guard her food sup-

plies from files and floating dust, and as

far as possible to destroy the breeding

places of flies and to keep them out of

the house by all means in her power.

Common decency demands at least our

best efforts in that direction. The in-

stinct of self-preservation should be

quickencd by intelligence that leads to

action. The farmer who refuses to spend

money for screen doors and windows

for his home may spend in one doctor's

bill for his family from summer disor-

ders due to files and germS, more than

the sereens would cost. It is hard to

understand the attitude of mind of the

man who has money to invest in new

machinery and labor-saving appliances of

all kinds and yet refuses to spend the

modest sum which screens would cost

to promote the health and comfort of

himself and his family.



Recent reports tend to show that while

typhoid fever is decreasing in cities, it

is increasing in country. districts. In

many cases it can be traced to a polluted

welltwhich perhaps had never been’sus-

pected till the outbreak of the fever.

It is somewhat unfortunate that there

are large numbers of parents who feel a

normal degree of parental responsibility

for the housing, clothing and feeding of

their families, but who are willing to

shift over on “Providence” the protection

of the family’s health. When a purely

preventable disease occurs from neglect

of ordinary rules of sanitation and clean-

liness, they rarely ever think of blaming

themselves.



‘The purest water supply may become

polluted by allowing barnyard fowls to

congregate around it to defile it with their

droppings. It is not a pleasant thing

to contemplate, that the glass of drinking

water we are about to raise to our lips,

may have been dcfiled by the rain wash~

ing the waste of fowls into the Well, but

whether we think about it or not, it

happens all too frequently.



A common mistake made by housewives

is to take cvery stove in the house down

in the spring except the cooking stove

in the summer kitchen, and leave the

family without any means of combating

dampness thruout the summer. Damp-

ness predisposes to a list of ailments,

notably to rheumatism and lung troubles,

and this tendency is increased by fre-

quent rains. A small wood stove in the

living room that can be started on chilly,

damp days, adds not only to comfort but

helps to keep the home sanitary. Germs

of all kinds multiply more rapidly when

dampness is present, as witness the

germs which cause molds. Other germs

are quite as active as these in damp

places.



The dangers from unripe fruits and

vegetables, such as green apples, cu—

cumbers, etc., are pretty generally under-

stood. Other common causes of cholera

morbus are over-eating—or the use of

undigestible foods, polluted water or cold

water or beer taken in large quantities

when very thirsty; or chilling after vig~

orous exercise or perspiration. It is not

unfrequently induced by eating partially

decomposed meat, which was unaltered

either in taste or odor. Chicken pie was

a favorite Sunday dish of a farm family

in summer. The usual method of pre-

paring it was to kill the chicken on Sat-

urday morning, partially cook it by boil-

ing, then put it into the pie, which was

baked and reheated just enough to have

it warm enough to eat on Sunday. Re-





“ * THE MICHIGAN‘ FARMER.





peated attacks of diarrhoea. and vomiting

after this kind of Sunday dinner led

the housewife to consult a doctor as to

the reason. The meat formed .a. splendid

soil for the development of poisonous

germs. The partial heating of the pie on

Sunday was not sufficient to destroy

them. Instead, it helped them to multi-

ply, and these carried into' the system,

set up the trouble. In summer one needs

to be especially careful about this point.

The chicken pie will probably prove a

wholesome meal if eaten as soon as it is





cooked. If eaten a day or two later in

hot weather, it may prove exactly the

opposite.





A. very; hearty meal when one is over-

tired by vigorous exercise in the hot sun

is certain to be slow in digesting. Food

which remains too long in the stomach

undergoes chemical changes which fre-

quently result in diarrhoea! trouble.



In any case in which diarrhoea is a

prominent symptom, rest in bed will has-

ten recovery. The next step is to get the

irritating matter that is causing the trou-

ble out of the system as quickly as pos—

sible. This can be done by a quick purge

with Epsom salts or castdr oil—two time-

honored remedies which Should be in

every home. The tendency to drink

water constantly should be restrained.

Weak cold tea without sugar, just a. very

little at a. time, is better than plain

water for the thirst, but the less fluid

taken the better. Let the stomach rest.

When vomiting and diarrhoea have ceased

and the appetite begins to return, milk

or broths with toast or crackers or a

little plain, well—cooked boiled rice are

good things to begin on.



Indulging too freely in any green vege-

table should be guarded against. A little

bit of cucumber may help to whet the

appetite for substantial food. Too much

has sent many an individual to an un—

timely grave. The same is true of green

corn. A little is a good thing. It is the

indulging to excess and the neglect to

chew it properly that causes it to become

a source of illness.



Eating too much meat in hot weather

predisposes to sickness. Once a day in

summer for meat is a good rule to go

by from the standpoint of health. The

appetite for meat is largely a matter of

habit. Peas, beans, cheese, peanuts, and

macaroni are rich in nutriment. It is

hard to get out of old ruts, but the in-

telligent housewife who values the health

of her family enough to bestir herself to

make a change, will find plenty of sub-

stitutes for meat in hot weather.



\Vhat we need to safeguard our homcs

from disease and make them safe places

for children to grow up in all the your

thru, is a quickening of the sanitary

consciences of our liomckecperS—a feel-

ing that they themselves are responsible

for thc family's health; that the» preven-

tion of pruvuntzlblo disczZLScs rests largely

in their hands. Once they realize this

they will study the causes and take

measures to guard against them.





WAGE WAR AGAINST FLIES.



House files are the filthiest of all insect

pests, and are carriers of disease germs.

'l‘hcy pollutc the food man cats, and

many infect him with the germs of tu-

bcrculosis, diphtheria, typhod fever. and

other communicable diseases. Prof. H. A,

Surface. Pennsylvania Department of Ag-

riculture, recommends the immediate

screening of windows and doors; the

keeping of food scrccncd, cspcciully milk;

the keeping of flies away from sick per-

sons, especially those suffering with con-

tagious diseases: and the catching and

destroying of flies as they appear.



Sticky fly paper, traps and liquid poi-

sons are among the things to use in

killing the flies, but the latest, cheapest

and best is a solution of formalin or for-

maldehyde in water. A spoonful of this

liquid put into a quarter of a pint of

water and set where they can find it and

drink it will be enough to kill all the flies

in the room. A cheap and perfectly re-

liable fly poison, one which is not danger—

ous to human life, is hichromate of pot-

ash in solution. Dissolve one dram of

the drvg, which can be obtained at any

pharmacy, in two ounces of water, and

add a little sugar as sweetening. Put

some of this solution in shallow dishes,

and distribute them thruout the house.



To quickly clear apartments where

there are many flics, burn pyrethrum in

the room. Keep the fly nuisance at a

minimum by the use of disinfectants in

garbage boxes and cans, on manure piles

and among all refuse. This can be done

by freely springling with cloride of lime

or with kerosene. Keep house sewers

and drains in good order, and covered,

and repair all leaks at once. It is of

the utmost importance to clean all sta-





 

   





t». warm-r an; n V.'r





(13) 101 ‘

bles, pig pens and other breeding places

of “The Filthy Fly” at least once a week.



Pour kerosene into the drains. Cuspi-

dors should be cleaned‘frequently, cer-

tainly once a day. Keep a. 5 per cent

solution of carbolic acid in them con-

stantly. Do not allow decaying organic

material of any kind on or near your

premises, nor allow dirt to accumulate in

corner, or behind doors. If extra care in

observing cleanliness is used, and the di-

rections above given are faithfully carried

out, the fly nuisance can be greatly miti-

gated.





OUR PATTERNS.



Price, 10 cents each. Waist and skirt

patterns are usually separate, therefore

be sure to send 20 cents for a two-piece

suit pattern which has two numbers, e.

e., at waist number and a skirt number:

if such a pattern has but one number,

send only 10 cents. Order by number and

title of pattern. If for children, give age;

for adults, give bust measure for waists,

and waist measure for skirts. Be sure to

give size when you order. Address orders‘

to Pattern Department, The Michigan

Farmer, Detroit, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





No. 8374. Skirt. with Plaited Front.

Made in 5 sizes: 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30

inches waist measure.



No. 8267. Misses' Waist. Cut in sizes





for 15, 16 and 17 years.





No. 6004. Pretty House Jacket. Sizes

for 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 inches bust

measure.



No. 5667. Stylish Girl’s Dress. Sizes

for 3, 5, 7 and 9 years.





No. 8367. Child’s Set of Short Clothes.

Made in three sizes for 6 months, 1 and

2 years.



No, 6104. Dress in Over Blouse Style.

Sizes for 10, 12 and 14 years.



No. 6117-6122. Boy's Outing Suit. Sizes

for 8, 10. 12, 14 and 16 years;



No. 6114. Lady’s Work Apron. Sizes for

34, 38 and 42 inches bust measure.





 





”raspy rust“. x. ,-,.
£54....





amiss L





 





 





 





[102" ma ‘

i... MARKETS

DEWWARKETS.





Grain and Seeds.

Aug. 4, 1909.



Wheat—Further decline in prices has

marked the trade this last week. Altho

the bears are having their way in the

making of values, there is a firm tone

all along the line, due largely to the eag—

erness with which millers are taking

grain that is fit to be made into flour,

to the demand from abroad and to the

falling off in the deliveries to primary

markets in the southwest. The visible

supply is small, also. The other side of

the market points to the splendid way in

which the spring wheat crop is coming to

the rescue of the trade by giving one of

the largest harvests in the history of

the country. The development of the

crop has been almost perfect and a few

more days will see it well harvested. The

only hope of the bulls getting help from

that section of the country is in a wet

threshing season. Liverpool is firm. One

year ago at this date No. 2 red wheat

was selling at 94c. Quotations for the

week are:

No. 2 N0. 1 No. 3



Red. White. Red. Sept. Dec.

Thurs. ...1.10 1.10 1.07 1.071/2 1.071/2

Fri. ......1.09 1.09 1.06 1.061/2 1.061/2

Sat, ......1.09 1.08 1.05 1.07 1.07

Mon. .....1.07 1.07 1.04 1.06% 1.061/2

Tues. .....1.061/2 1.061/2 1.031/2 1.05% 1.06

Wed. .....1.06 1.06 1.03 1.061/2 1.06%;



Germ—Values are almost a duplicate

of those for the previous week. The con-

ditions of the new corn crop are most

favorable. Rains have come to the. res-

cue in some sections needing more mois—

ture, and all over the chief corn produc-

ing states the warm days and nights

have pushed the crop forward fast. mak-

ing up much of the delay in growth

caused by the heavy rains in the spring.

In fact, many of the fields seem nearly





 





 





.as far along as in a normal year. Vis-





ible supply is low and the demand contin-

ues steady. One year ago the price for

No. 2 corn was 600. Quotations for the

week are:





No.3



No.3 Yell70W;



Thursda 74 51,2



Friday y 74 751/2



Saturday ....... 74 Phil/{5



Nlonday ............. .. 74 131/;

Tuesday ................. 74 #1,.

XVednesday .. 73% to





Oats—Both cash and September oats

are lower. Harvest is well along in this

section and to the south threshing iswln

progress, and the market is being aided

by ea‘ly receipts of new grain. 'lhc re-

turns re fulfilling promiscs and in many

places‘ the yield is superior to the esti-

mated reports. Local demand is good

and trade easy. At this date in 1008 _No.

:3 oats were selling at 600. Quotations





1 re as follows:

1 No. 3 \Vhite. Sept.





Thursday ..... . 501/2 401/2

Friday 50 .1‘91/7

Saturday . . .......... . . . . . 50 3.113

Monday 40 2201/2

'l‘ucsday .................. 50 ..13





\Vcdnesday 50 311A;

Beans—Cash beans are a little weak

with nothing doing in the trading line.

()ctobcr continues at the quotation given

a weck ago. The ncw crop is developing

nicely. Quotations for the past Week are:

‘ Cash. Oct.





Thursday $2.30 $3.00

Friday 2.20 2.00

Saturday 220 2.00





Mondav 2.20 2.00

'l‘tichay 2.1:. 2.00

Wednesday ............ 2.1:» 2.00



Clover Seed—The, influence of the crop

conditions has aided in advancing prices

the past few sessions of the board. ’1 he

late haying has eliminated at large num—

bcr of fields of June clovci' that would,

under normal conditions, produce at least

a small crop of seed. The condition of

other seed is fair. Demand is ordinary

and confined ‘to the future deals. lest

alsike is selling at $8.00 per bushel. Quo-

tations alt. Oct. March.



it





" ‘s. ................$7.10 .7930

lE‘iii‘tlllittEhY. ..... 7.10 7.30

Saturday 7.10 7.30

Monday ............. 7.‘5 7...»

'l‘uchaV . ........... 7.30 7.40

\Vednesday ................ 7.30 7.40





Rye.—There is some buying of rye, but

the market is far from activc. The new

crop is coming and quotations are. given

on the basis of .1000 grain. l(‘ash No. 1

is selling at 731/;c pcr bu.



Visible Supply of Grain.

This week. Last week.





\Vheat .. . . . . . .. ........ 7,000,000 (:,0:-’.0,000

2,700,000 2,401,000





a ...........

(lgrillfi'l . . . . . . . . . ........ 3,800,000 4,407,000

n‘ve‘ ......... . 03,000 120,000



' 273,000 272,000





Barley

Flour, Feed. Provisions, Etc.





Flour.~-Market active, witquuotations

from 85c to $1 lower. Quotations are as





ollows:

(filear ............. . ...........$5.75

Straight .............. ......... . 5.20

Patent Michigan ...... ....... 0.1:;

Ordinary Patent ..................... 6.00





Hay and Straw.——Timothy is 50(- lower

and clover steady. Straw unchanged.

Carlot prices on track are: No. 1 tim-

othv, new, $136113.50: No. 2 timothy,

“26012.50; clovcr mixed, $11.50: rye.

straw, $8; Wheat and oat straw, $7 per

tOié'.eei:i.—Prices are off $1 on all grades.

Bran, $27 per ton; coarse middlings. $29;

fine middlings, $30; cracked corn and out

chop, $28. _ .



Potatoes—Last week’s price prevails.

Supply and demand are well adjusted to





THEMIOHIANFARMER





maintain a. good market. , New potatoes

are quoted at -$2.50@2?75 per bbl. fl

«'Provlsions‘r—Family pork, $21.50@22.50;

mess pork, $21; light short clear, $21;

heavy short clear, $22; pure lard, 12%0;

bacon, 15@160; shoulders, 10%0; smoked,

hams, 13%c; picnic hams, 101,50.

Dairy and Poultry Products. _



Button—The market here is weaker

with the trade elsewhere. A decline of

half a cent resulted from the easier feel-

ing due to a new adjustment of supply

and demand. Quotations are: Extra

creamery, 260; firsts, 25c; dairy, 200;

packing stock, 19c per lb.



Eggs.—There continues to be an active

demand for eggs. The supply aided in

bringing the price down a half cent on

Tuesday. Fresh firsts, case count, cases

included, are quoted at 22c per doz.



Poultry.-—Both the demand and the

supply of poultry are easy and the mar-

ket has a free tone. The chief demand

is from summer resorts. Hens, 13611131/2c;

roosters, 9@10c; ducks, 10@15c; geese, 8@

9c; turkeys, 166Dl7c; broilers, 18c.



Cheese.—-—Michigan full cream, 14@15c;

York state, 15%@16c; limburger, 160;

schweitzer, 20c; brick cream, 16c per lb.





Fruits and Vegetables. _



Onions.—Domestic offerings, $2.25 per

bbl; Spanish, $1.50 per crate.



Currants—Higher; red, $3@3.50 per bu.



Cherries.~Good demand and higher.

Sour now quoted at $2.75@3 per bu;

sweet, $4@4.50 per bu.



Raspberries—Reds, steady and blacks

are advanced. Red, $4 per bu; black,

$3.25@3.50 per bu.



Peaches.—l.ower at $2@2.25 per bu.



Blackberries.—Firm at $3.50 per bu.



Huckleberries.——Oversupplied at $2@

2.50 per bu.



Vegetables.—Beets, new, 20@25c per

doz; carrots, new, 200 per doz; cauli-

flower, $1.25 per doz; garlic, 10c per

lb; green beans, 750 per bu; green on-

ions, 10c per doz; green peas, $1.50 per

bu; green peppers, 45¢ per basket; leaf

lettuce, home-grown, 30c per bu; head

lettuce, 50c. per bu; mint, 25c per doz;

mushrooms, 506ii60c per lb; piaplant, 150

per doz; radislies, long, 8@10c per doz; rad-

islies, round, hothouse, S6r10c per doz;

spinach, 60¢ per hamper; summer squash,

5th per box; turnips, new, 35c per doz;

Vegetable oyster, 40c per doz; watercress,

256130c per doz; wax beans, $1 per bu

box.





OTHER MARKETS.

Grand Rapids.



Not much change is noted in grain or

produce duotations this week. Wheat is

steady at $1.02, with liberal offerings by

fin-mers,. At ionia during the past 10

days, the mills report taking in 10,000

bu, the prevailing price being $1.04. The

yield averages 25 bu. per acre. There

will be a large. acreage of wheat sown

in Michigan this fall. The egg market

has advanced one cent. Butter is un-

changid. In the fruit line liucklebcrries

are a little easier, tho the demand con—

tinues brisk. Potatoes are holding

steady at 80 to 00 cents.



Quotations follow:



Grains—\that, $1.02; oats, 45c; corn,

75c; buckwheat, (SOC per bu; rye, 650.



Beans—Machine screened, .‘2.



liuttcr.—»liuying prices, Dairy, No. 1.

206113210; creainery in tubs, 26c; prints,

201/ch pcr lb.



Potatoes~806090c per bu.



Eggs—Case count, 21@22c.



Cherrics.——Sour, $2.50 per bu.



Raspbcrrics.—‘Rcds, $1.65' per Iii-qt.

go‘s’c; blacks, $1.25; hucklcbcrries, $1.40@

.it.



Cattle—Cows, $250474 per cwt; steers

and heifers, best quality, 3@51/2c; dressed

mutton, 06110c; dressed veal, 6@9€;

dressed beef, cows, 5@61/2c; steers and

heifers, 71/36491/550. "



llogs.~1)rcsscd, 10@101/2c.



Live Poultry.——Fowis, 10@12c; roosters,

761m; turkeys, 146015C; broilers, 11/2 to 2

lbs., 17@111c; spring ducks, 14@150.



New York.



Butter.~——\Vcst(’-rii factory

211/30; creamcry specials, .7c.



Eggs—Finn. “’cstern first to extras,

2261250; seconds, 20@*210.



1’oultry.—Dressed, firm. Western broil-

ers, 156121c; i‘owls, 1561'161Azc per lb,



Grain.—\Vheat, No. 2 red, $1.15 per bu;

corn, No. 2, 80c for old; oats, mixed, 530.



Chicago.



XVheatni'o, 2 red 551.050.1677107; Sept.,

$10214; Dcccmbcr, $1.001/2; May, 631.03%.



Corn.—»No. 2, 686,0081/20; Sept, 04%0;

December, 5317-442



Oats.——N0. 3 white, 39@460; Sept., 370;

December, $171300.



Button—Steady at last week’s prices.

Crcaincries, 221/21026c; dairies, 2t)@231/20.



Eggs—Firm, Firsts, 22c; prime firsts,

230 per doz.





firsts, 19@





 





Elgin.



Button—Market firm at 261,430 per 1b.,

which is a decline of 1/gc from last week’s

price. Sales for last week amounted to

068,400 lbs.



Baston.





YVooh—The dullness which shadowed

the market for a few xvccks following

the unusual activity of late spring and

early summer, is now disappearing, and

the buyers are again after wool, engaging

large quantities of the raw material for

manufacturcrs. The brokers are, also,

gathering in holdings from the west.

Prices are being well maintained, and

in nearly all the grades there is a firm-

ness that urges those who need them to

buy whecher opportunity offers. The

following are the leading-domestic quo-

tations: Domestic wools~Oliio and Penn-

sylvania fleeces, XX, 356F36c; X, .’i3@34c'

No. '1 washed, 40W4lc; No. 2 washed 40

6041c; tine unwashed. 2760280.: fine Vim--

merchantable, 3061ltllc; 1/2—blood combing

36c; rig—blood combing, 36c; 14-blood comb-I

ing, 346035c; delainc washed. 39@40c: de—

laino unwashed, 33(ril34c. Michigan Wis-

consin and New York fleecespfin’e un—

washed, 25@26c; delaine unwashed, 31@





32c; yg-blood unwashed, ,35@36c; %-blood

unwashed, 34@35c; 1A-b’lood, 33@34c.

Kentucky, Indiana and Missouri, %-blood,

34@350; %-blood, 32@34c. '





 





THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





Buffalo.

Aug. 2, 1909.

(Special report by Dunning & Stevens,

New York Central Stock Yards,

East Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts of sale stock here today as

fol10ws: Cattle, 165 loads; hogs, 6,400

111511710; sheep and lambs, 3,200; calves,

, l



The cattle market today was strong

at last week’s prices. The demand to-

day was a little better for stockers and

they sold about 150 per hundred higher.

Fresh cows and springers sold about the

same as last week. ‘Ne quote:



Best export steers, $6.25@6.50; best

1,200 to 1,300-1b shipping steers, $5.75@6;

best 1,000 to 1,100-lb do, $5.50@5.75; light

butcher steers, $4.25@4.75; best fat cows,

$4.50@4.75; fair to good, $350604; trim-

mers, $2.25@2.50; best fat heifers, $47560

5.25; fair to good, $4@4.50; common heif-

ers, $3.75@4; best feeding steers, 800 to

900-lb dehorned, $4604.25; 700 to 750—1b

dehorned stockers, $3.40@3.60; light stock-

ers, $3.256il3.50; best bulls, $4.25@4.50;

bologna bulls, $3.50@3.75; best fresh cows

and springers, $45@50; fair to good do,

25@35; common, $20@25.



The hog market today was fairly ac«

tive and the supply is well cleaned up,

and we think the prospects fair for the

balance of the week. We. quote:



Medium and heavy, $8.35@8.40: mixed

and best yorkers, $8.30@8.35; light york-

ers, $8.25@8.30; pigs, $8.15@8.25; roughs,

$7.10@7.25; Stags, $5.25@6.25.



The sheep and lamb market today was

active and everything is well cleaned

up. “7e quote:



Best lambs, $7607.25; fair to good, $661)

6.75; culls, $4.50@5.50; skin culls, $4604.50;

yearlings, 5552560575; wethers, $5@5.10;

ewes, $4.40@4.65; cull sheep, $2633.



Best calves, $7.75@8; fair to good, $6@

7.50: heavy, $4@5.





Chicago.

Aug. 2, 1909.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today .....20,000 21,000 16,000

Same day last year ..24,454 40,475 27,824

Received last week..40,098 115,271 81,166

Same week last year.51,080 94,304 76,984



Prices had such a big tumble during

the preceding week that far less were

shipped in last week, and this was a dis-

tinct benefit to the market, si..ce the gen-

eral weakness was checked and fat cat-v

tle sold to better advantage. Plain grass-

ers were. slow. but corn—fed cattle were

on the tip—grade, with choice fancy lots

of heavy steers bringing $7@7.45, the top

figure being 20c above tops in recent

weeks. Fat little yearlings were much

scarccr and went readily at $6.506c7.50,

the greater pai’t of this class having been

marketed. The, greater part of the steers

sold at $5.80@7.10, with a limited call for

good export cattle around $6.256gl6.60.

Texas grass cattle continued to form a

good percentage of the receipts, and

prices were largely 2367(‘350 higher than

the low point of the previous week, with

sales of Oklahoma-Texas steers aver-

aging 1,050611,100 lbs. at $4.80. Good dis-

tillery-fed steers averaging 1310601515

lbs. brot $6.75607.05. Cows and heifers

were in good demand at 5113.4061625, fat

lots ruling higher, while canncrs and cut—

ters had a fair outlet at $2603.25. Bulls

were (lull and lower at 11215061435, and

stags sold at $475616, while calves were

much lower, going at $3717.85 per 100 lbs.

The stockcr and feeder trade was again

on a very moderate scale at about. former

prices, with a scarcity of good heavy

feeders and a predominance of grassy of-

ferings. Stockcrs went at $2.706I»»i.»10 and

feeders at $3.0061v5.10. Milkers and spring-

crs met with a better eastern shipping de-

mand, and sales were made at $256055 per

head, backward springers selling the most

readily. as usual.



At the close of the week good bect‘

steers wore lll’rIZilc, higher than a Week

earlier, while fat butcher stock showed

advances of 256; 40c, but calves declined 2.1

61‘50c. The Monday run today shows half

as many cattle as came in all of last

week, including 2,000 range cattle, but

prices are maintained under a. good de—

mand, with the best lets a little higher.



Hogs caused universal surprise last week

by reaching Chicago and other western

markets in unusually large volume, caus—

ing a rapid downward movement in

prices. Eastern shippers did not increase

their operations to any great extent, and

("hicago packers acted as a unit in hold—

ing back and filling really important or-

dcrs late in the day. llogs accumulated

in the pens in remarkably large numbers,

and over 19,000 were carried over one

night unsold, thereby Sivclling the supply

the following day to uncomfortable pro-

portions and adding to the depression.

The average weight of the hogs received

has increased recently to 23!) pounds, com-

pared with 221 pounds a year :tgo and 214

pounds two years ago. Provisions have

sold off sharply in sympathy with the.

raw material. and grass—fed hogs and

thin, old brood sows \Vcrc hard to scll on

almost any terms. The high point of

prime hogs this ycar was $0.13. The top

curly last \vcek was $8.30, and after full—

ing to $7.80 Thursday, it advanced Satur—

day to $9.05, but at‘ the close 0.340 hogs

were left unsold. Today receipts were.

unusually small for Monday, and prices

averaged 5c higher, hogs going at $7.336?)

S. 5.



Sheep and lambs were marketed last

week verv freely. especially from the.

Idaho, South Dakota, Montana and \Vyom-

ing ranges. and lambs sold off largely 25c

more, these forming a liberal share of

the offerings, while the eastern markets

received their supplies largely from Vir-

ginia. The markets east were demoral-

ized and much lower, and Chicago sellers

were forced to depend to a great extent

on the local demand. Feeders and breed-

ers were in the usual limited supply and





AUGUST 7, 1909. ‘





in excellent demand at, strung prices.

Southern lambs havebeen largely mar-

keted, but the time has arrived for abun-

dant supplies of range sheep and lambs

and a lower scale of values. At the

week’s end sheep, yearlings and lambs

averaged 50c lower than a week earlier.

Today’s market is steady, with a mod-

erate supply. Lambs are going at $3@





7.65 for culls to fancy, wethers at $4@'





5.25, ewes at $2@5, rams at $2@4 and

yearlings at $5@5.50,. Breeding ewes sold

at $4.25@6.25, and feeders paid $6.25@6.75

for lambs, $4@4.50 for wethers and $4.75

@525 for yearlings.



Horses sell all right .cr the better class,

there being a fair summer trade, but too

many hin farm horses are being ship-

ped in, and within a week many of these

have sold from $5 to $10 per head lower,

there being a poor ‘outlet. Heavy draft-

ers are the most active of any horses

with sales at $170@225 per head as a.

rule, altho a limited number go at $250@

300. Light drivers are fairly active at

$1506T300, going largely at $175@225.

Feeders have a good inquiry at $180@225,

going chiefly to farmers of Ohio and

Pennsylvania, who prepare, them for the

fall market. F.





 





LIVE STOCK NOTES.





Last week’s declines in Chicago market

prices for hogs were sensational after

the long period of advancing markets,

and prime hogs well below $8 per 100 lbs.

caused general surprise, for the great

declines Were altogether unexpected by

everyone. However, there were much

larger receipts at Chicago and other west»

ern markets, and buyers naturally stood

ready to derive every advantage possible

from the liberal supplies. All along it has

been understood that hogs were very

scarce thruout the country, and this made

the larger receipts all the more surpris-~

ing. It is hardly probable that these

gains in supplies will be kept up, oano

for a long period it has been the prac—

tice of stockinen everywhere to let up in

marketing hogs after a bad break in

prices. The situation at the present time

is rarelyexceptional, for with scarcely

any doubt there is a great shortage of

hogs, while the great boom in prices that

has taken place in provisions, in sympathy

with hogs, is checking their consumption.

Fresh pork in Chicago retail markets is

up to 22 cents a pound, while hams and

bacon sell as high as beef and mutton.

There must be some limit to prices at

which buyers will purchase in usual

amounts, and perhaps that point has been

reached. It is reported that all of the

ham distributing points are liberally

stocked, and that owners are making

strong attempts to increase sales. Prices

are varying 11,43 cents a pounds, with the

old hams affecting the values of the sale

of new ones. Published reports give 95,-

000,000 pounds of hams held at five lead-

ing western markets, and large stocks are

held elsewhere. As was expected..tthe





break in hog prices has checked sliip-‘





ments to market, and prices have gone

up again, despite protests of packers.



“’estcrn range slieepmen are adopting

the course of making their sheep, year-

liiigs and lambs fat before marketing, the

result being that there is a great scarcity

of feeding flocks. These are in active de-

mand for shipment to Ohio, Michigan and

other feeding regions, but thus far this

season Vii)" fcw orders have been filled,

as live stock commission firms have been

unable to secure, any considerable stip-

plics. Such sales of feeders as have been

made from time to time have been at

extremely high prices, and breeding ewes

are also much sought after and are sell—

ing high, especially prime yearling range

breeders. Owners of flecks find the wool

end a highly important source of revenue

at the present time, as wool is selling

about 40 per cent higher on an average

than a year ago. Now that most of the

southern spring lambs bred in Tennessee

and Kentucky ha vc been marketed, there

is a much better showing for lambs of

superior quality from other parts of the

country. For Sth’l'ill Weeks Chicago

packcrs have dcp'mdcd mainly on these

lambs, bg supplics bcing consigned to

them daily from Louisville.



in the i'cgion around Belle Fourchc, S.

I);ll\'., thr- bauks arc loaning the principal

portion of tlicii' dcposils on large holdings

of c-uiilr- and shcct) that are pastured on

the ranges, rates of interest being from

N to 10 per cent. (.lood accrunts are giv—

cn b.\' range stockmcn of live stock inter—

ests, grass lit-ing ph‘ntiful and stock is

taking on fat rapidly, but cattle shipments

will bc madc later than usual, as herds

l‘ttlllt' thin the winter in thin ilcsh. Loans

on farms in the Dakotas, \Vyoining and

Montana are made at 10 to l: per cent,

one-third of the actual farm values being

taken in making loans. Range cattle are

being shipped to Chicago in moderate

numbers, and by the lattcr part of August

good supl'ilics are lookcd fol; V



1“. 14‘. ire, of lllinois, who fed 52

hcad cf 777~pound Angus heifers

that bi'ot $7.30 pcr 100 lbs. recently in

the ("hicago market, believes that where.

catllc are doing well on a certain fcctl

they should not be changed, but where

lhiy gct restless and do not do so well

the feed should be changcd. He also be-

licvcs that where cattle have been on full

feed ovcr six months they should be put

on pasture thirty days. where convenient,

as they will assimilate their food better.

Mr. ldc has the best sanitary conditions





possible in feed yards and stables and.





keeps cattle nicely bedded. The cattle

were on fced eight months and made an

average gain of 437 lbs. and sold $3.50

per 100 lbs. above first, cost in Kansas

City early last November. He had 36

hogs following the cattle, which sold at

$7.320}, averaging 260 lbs., and he fig—

ured that the hogs netted around $600, or

within $200 of the first cost of the cattle.

The grain fed was grown on ‘his farm.

Alfalfa pasture, shelled corn, ground corn

and cob meal, oats, alfalfa hay, chopped

corn, oil meal and pastures of blue grass,

timothy and clover figured in the fatten-

ing process.





 





 





 





’ A“:





 





,. ,_._,....__._4.
Tm: 13» m: mt ion-mpg,





In the first edition the Detroit Live

Stock ‘markets are reports or last week;

all other markets are right up to date.

Thursday's Detroit Live Stock markets

are given in the last edition. The [first

edition is mailed Thursday, the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for ThursdaY’s

Detroit Live Stock market report. You

may have any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to that eflect.





DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





 





Thursday’s Market.

Aug. 5, 1909.

Cattle,





Receipts, 1,104. Market strong at last

week‘s prices. Stockers and feeders in

good demand.



We quote: Dry-fed steers, $5.50; steers



and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200, $4.75@5.2o;

steers and heifers, 800 to 1,000, $3.75@4.50;

grass steers and heifers that are fat, 800

to 1,000, $3.75@4.50: grass steers and heif—

ers that are fat, 500 to 700, $3.50@3.75;

choice fat cows, $3.75@4; good fat cows,

$3.25@3.50; common cows, $2.50@3; canv

ners, $1.75@2; choice heavy bulls, $4; fair

to good bolognas, bulls, $3.50@3.75; stock

bulls, $3@3.25; choice feeding steers, 800

to 1,000, $4@4.35; fair feeding steers, 800

to 1,000, $3.50@3.75; choice stockers, 500

to 700, $3.50@3.75; fair stockers, 500 to

700 $3.50; stock heifers, $2.75@3; mllkers,

large, young, medium age, $40@50; com-

mon mllkers, $20@35.

" Roe Com. Co. sold Brown 4 stockers

av 420 at $3.20, 6 do av 445 at $3.20; to

Sullivan P. CO. 3 bulls av 916 at $3.75, 1

do weighing 660 at $3, 3 stockers av.517

at $3, 2 canners av 570 at $2, 1 bull weigh-

ing 490 at $3; to Newton B. Co. 8 butchers

av 700 at $3.50; to Hammond, S. & Co.

,2 steers av 1,000 at $4.50, 5 cows av 930

at $3.30, 1 cow weighing 1,110 at $4; to

Mich. B. Co. 28 butchers av 800 at $4, 3

do av 653 at $3.25, 16 do av 756 at $4;

to Bresnahan, 1 canner weighing 860 at

$1.50; to Hammond, S. & Co. 4 bullsav

1,142 at $3.75, 2 do av 1,375 at $4, 1 better

weighing 500 at $3.15, 1 do weighing 600

at $3, 1 do weighing 530 at $3; to Ratt-

kowsky 3 butchers av 386 at $3, 2 do av

855 at $3.50, 2 do av 700 at $3.75, 4 do av

650 at $3.75; to Ahmrine 3 stockers av 716

at. $4.10, 4 feeders av 830 at $4.10.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Bresnahan 5 heif-

ers av 510 at $3.25; to Sullivan P. Co. 1

cow weighing 1,040 at $3.50, 1 do weigh-

ing 600 at $2.50, 1 bull weighing 470 at

$3, 6 mixed av 756 at $2.75, 14 heifers

av 701 at $3.50, 1 bull weighing 1,230 at

$3.35; O Sullivan P. CO. 2 bulls av

weighing 1,080 at $3.75, 1 do weighing

860at $3.50, 2 cows av 810 at $3.25, 1

steer weighing 940 at $4.75; to Mich. B.

Co. 3 steers av 806 at $4.25; to Wilson 9

stockers av 585 at $3.50, 20 do av 517 at

$3.35; to Sullivan P. CO. 2 bulls av

1,000’ at $3.65, 2 steers av 1,035 at $4.75,

2 Mills-av 975 at $3.75, 2 do av 810 at $3.25,

2 stockers av 600 at $3, 5 do av 574 at $3,

1 bull weighing 1,150 at $3.75; to Regan 8

butchers av 700 at $3.50; to Goose, 2 cows

av 880 at; $3.25; to Bresnahan 1 do weigh~

ing 760 at $1.75, 3 cows av 1,040 at $3.50,

3 do av 800 at $2.60; to Hammond, S. &.

C0. 1 bull weighing 1,430 at $3.75, 2 cows

$171,055 at $3.50, 1 heifer Weighing 710 at



. 5.





Spicer, M. & R. sold Regan 8 heifers

av 531 at $3.35, 2 do av 530 at $3.25; to

Mich. B. (To. 2 cows av 1,105 at $3.75, 1

bull weighing 1,070 at $3.75, 15 butchers

av 735 at $3,50, 1 bull weighing 1,100 at

$3.75, 2 do av 450 at $3, 6 butchers av

783 at $3.50, 3 do av 700 at $3.25, 3 bulls

av 1,053 at $3.75, 11 steers and heifers

av 836 at $4.50, 1 cow weighng 870 at

$2.50, 1 cow weighing 900 at $3, 4 do av

907 at $3.50; to‘ Bresnahan, Jr., 9 heifers

av 462 at $3.10; to Brown 2 stockers av

665 at $3.60, 2 feeders av 900 at $4; to

Amhrine 4 feeders av 900 at $4.25, 1 do

weighing 700 at $4, 3 do av 850 at $4.10;

to Schlischer 9 butchers av 716 at $3110, 2

steers av 700 at $3.80, 5 do av 460 at $3;

to Mich. Beef Co. 19 butchers av 850 at

$4.10; to Sullivan P. Co. 4 butchers av

1,070 at $3.75, 1 bull weighing 710 at $3.75;

to W, B. Thompson 1 bull weighing 1,060

at $3.75, 1 bull weighing 1,150 at $4, 1 do

weighing 1,170 at $3.70, 2 cows av 1,035 at

$3.50, 1 do Weighing 1,300 at $3.75; to

Sullivan P. Co. 3 steers av 1.173 at $5.



Haley sold Spicer 8 stockers av 480 at

$3.25, 2 do av 440 at $3.



Johnson sold Schlischer 4 butchers av

600 at $3.25.



Glenn sold Fitzpatrick Bros. 4 cows av

767 at $3.25, 5 butchers av 738 at $4.



Haley sold Marx 4 steers av 762 at

$4.20.



McLachlin sold Hartung 4 stockers av

662 at $3.40.



Robb sold Bresnahan 10 heifers av 485





at $3.



Robb sold Sullivan P. CO. 3 COWS av 976

at $3.50, 4 bulls av 580 at $3. -



Haley sold same 14 stockers av 457 at

$3.05, 5 cows av 900 at $3.45.



Glenn sold same 2 bulls av 1,040 'at





$3.75.

Veal Calves.



Receipts, 784. Market

Thursday’s prices.



Best, $7.50@8; others, $4@7; milch cows

and springers. steady.



Roe Com. Co. sold Hammond, S. & Co. 1

weighing 180 at $8, 8 av 180 at $5, 21 av

150 at $8, 5 av 125 at $8, 6 av 225 at $4.50,

2 av 200 at $6, 9 av 175 at $8.



Groff sold Thompson 13 av 140 at $8.



Johnson sold Sullivan P. Co. 7 av 150 at

7.50.

$ Adams 801d same 1 Weighing 170 at $6,

12 av 180 at $8-



Dwelle so’ld same 2 av 95 at $5, 12 av

150 at $8.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker. W. & Co.

.10 av 171 at $7.65, 25 av 155 at $7, 16 av

170 at $8; to Newton B. Co. 10 av 162 at

$7.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 13 av 150 at

$150, 1 weighing 170 at $6, 13 av 165 at

$8: to Sullivan P. Co. 8 av 150 at $8; to

Mich. B. Co. 11 av 150 at $7.25, 6 av 155

Lt 7.90.



Siicer, M. & R. sold Sullivan P. Co. 25

av 160 at $7.75; to Burnstine 2 av 215 at





steady, last





 





16“ av 150 at $8; to Mich. B. Co. 25 av

16 at $7.75, 2 av 100 at $5, 8 av 150 at

87:50, 4 av-225 at $5, 29 av 155 at $7.35, 3

av 185 at $7.65, 1 weighing 290 at $5, 1

weighing 140 at $7, 11 av 150 at $7.50, '18

av 140, at $7.90, 16 av 160 at $7.85, 3 av

300 at $4.50; to Caplis 15 av 160 a $7.75, 9

av 150 at $7; to Markowitz 4 av 160 at

$7.75; to Parker, W. & Co. 5 av 250 at $5,

10 av 134 at $7.50.



McLachlin sold Hammond, S. & Co. 5

av 165 at $7.75; to Snyder 1 weighing 250

at $7, 10 av 175 at $8.



Robb sold Mich. B. Co. 2 av 310 at $5.50,

4 av 150 at $7; to Haley 7 av 160 at $7.25,

1 weighing 170 at $7.50, 1 weighing 360.

at $3, 2 av 215 at $4.25, 8 av 150 at $7.75.



Cheney & H. sold Newton 15. Co. 2 av

160 at $5, 21 av 155 at $8



Glenn sold Burnstine 4 av 155 at $8.



Youngs sold same 6 av 150 at $8.



Sheep and Lambs.

Receipts, 1,859. Market steady, last

week’s prices.



Best lambs, $6.50@7; fair to good lambs,

$5.75@6.25; light to common lambs, ‘ 50

@525; yearlings, $450625; fair to good

sheep, $3.50@4.25; culls and common, $2.25

@2 5





Bishop, B. & H. sold Mich. B. Co. 12

sheep av 90 at $3.75, 3 do av 95 at $3.50,

2 lambs av 60 at $7, 22 sheep av 80 at$4;

to Parker, ‘W. & Co. 67 lambs av 70 at

$6.50, 18 do av 68 at $6.25; to Thorburn

304 lambs av 65 at $6.50; to Fitzpatrick

Bros. 40 sheep av 80 at $4, 3 do av 115 at

$3.75, 22 lambs av 60 at $6.50, 32 do av

60 at $6.25, 3 sheep av 130 at $2.75, 15 do

av 75 at $3.75, 23 do av 72 at $4.25, 15

lambs av 75 at $7, 1 sheep weighing 80 at

$4, 18 lambs av 60 at $6.50, 22 sheep av

100 at $3,60; to Thorborn 43 sheep av 90

at $4.75, 112 lambs av 65 at $6.25; to Fitz-

patrick Bros. 51 lambs av 65 at $6.75.



Spicer, M. & R. sold Thorborn 145 lambs

av 65 at $6.50, 12 sheep av 110 at $4.25, 10

lambs av 50 at $5.50, 5 sinep av 60 at

$4.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 32 lambs av 68

at $6.50; to Thompson 27 Sheep av 90 at

$4; to Sullivan P. Co. 20 lambs av 60 at

$6 to Mich. B. Co. 17 sheep av 90 at $3.75;

to Sullivan P, Co. 42 lambs av 67 at $6.50;

to Kamman 17 sheep av 50 at $4, 3 sheep

av 100 at $3.75, 20 lambs av 60 at $5.75;

to Young 11 sheep av 100 at $4.50; to

Eschrich 26 lambs av 50 at $4.25; to

Thompson 24 sheep av 90 at $4.75.



Roe Com. Co. sold Youngs 1 sheep

av 90 at $5, 6 do av 120 at $3.50, 32 lambs

av 75 at $6.75; to Haise 6 sheep av 67 at

$4, 54 lambs av 65 at $6.25; to Kamman 22

sheep av 75 at $4.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 22

lambs av 70 at $7, 3 do av 68 at $7, 2 sheep

av 120 at $4.



Glenn sold Fitzpatrick Bros. 1 buck

weighing 160 at $3. 42 sheep av 85 at $4.



Johnson sold Sullivan P. Co. 16 lambs

av 75 at $6.60.



McLachlin sold same 23 lambs av 70

at $5.75, 7 sheep av 88 at $3. 0.



Haley sold Mich. B. Co. 42 lambs av

65 at $6.50, 56 sheep av 90 at $4, 8 sheep

av 105 at $3.50.



Robb sold same 46 sheep av 110 at $3.75,

83 lambs av 65 at $6.



Haley sold Newton B. Co. 38 lambs av

70 at $5, 50 do av 65 at $6.50.



Cheney sold same 15 sheep av 80 at



.25.





01





Hogs.





Receipts, 1,441. Market 30@50c higher

than last week. '



Range of prices: Light to good butch-

ers, $7.90@8.30; pigs. $7@7.75; light york-

ers, $7.50@8; stags, one-third off.



Kalaher sold Sullivan P. CO. 72 av 211

at $8.30.



Sundry shippers sold same 39 av 223

at $8, 18 av 200 at $7.80, 15 av 154 at $7.50.



Roe Com. C0. sold same 95 av 180 at

$8, 12 av 150 at $7.60, 19 av 183 at $7.75, 15

av 201 at $7.90.



Sundry shippers sold Parker. W. & Co.

66 av 193 at $7.90, 31 av 218 at $7.80.



Spicer, M. & B, sold same 177 av 183 at

$7.95, 47 av 185 at $7.90, 34 av 186 at $7.80,

89 av 190 at $8. _



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &.

Co. 280 av 170 at $8, 36 av 160 at $7.85, 40

av 150 at $7.75, 37 av 180 at $8, 38 av

125 at $7.50, 17 av 190 at $8.20, 71 av 170

at $7.65, 47 av 170 at $7.70.





 





Friday’s Market.

July 30, 1909.

Cattle.





The market opened at the Michigan

Central Stock Yards Friday morning with

a very light run in all departments.



The few cattle offering sold quickly at

strong Thursday’s prices for all grades.



Milch cows and springers were also full

Steady.



Dry—fed steers. $55056; steers and heif-

(-l‘s, 1,000 to 1.200, $4.75@5.25; steers and

heifers, 800 to 1,000, $3.75@4.50; grass

steers and heifers that are fat, 800 to

1,000 $3.75fl450; grass steers and heifers

that are fat 500 to 700, $3.50@3.75; choice

fat cows, $375604; good fat cows, $3.25

(033.50; common cows, 2.50613; canners,

$1.75fi‘2: choice heavy bulls, $4; fair to

good bologna bulls, $3.50fd\3.75; stock bulls

$3673.25; choice feeding steers, 800 to

1,000, $46124.35; fair feeding steers, 800

to 1,000, $3.50fl3.75; choice stockers, 500

to 700, 5535057375; fair stockers, 500 to

700, $3.50; stock heifers, $275613: mllkers,

large, young, medium age, $406250; com-

mon mllkers, $206; 35.





Sheep and Lambs.



The sheep and lamb trade was very

dull at the close and several bunches

were held over. Little light bucky lambs

are almost unsalable.



Range of prices: Best lambs, $6.50;

fair to good lambs, $5.50@6; light to Com-

mon lambs, $450685: ycal‘lings, $4.50@

5.50; fair to good sheep, $3.50@4; culls and

common, $250603.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co.

10 lambs av 52 at $4.50, 41 d0 av 63 at

$6.50, 15 do av 65 at $6.25.



Hogs.



The run of hogs was light and the mar-

ket was 10 cents higher than on Thurs~

day. Quotations:



Light to good butchers, $7.60@7.75; pigs,

$6.75@7.10;. light yorkers, $7@7.60; Stags,

one—third off.



Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &

Co. 50 hogs av 165 at $7.50, 67 do av

185 at $7.75.





 





 





 





«rt-m ' men 13.1”... FARMER.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





Calhoun Co., July 29.—A good shower

has settled the dust. flattened out the

corn leaves, greeried up the potato vines.

and' both the crops and ourselves feel

better. A heavy crop of wheat has been

harvested and many are threshing from

the field and selling at once. Market has

been lowering gradually, the preSent quot—

ation being $1. Oats are variable, but

rather light as a whole. N0 settled de-

mand, as none are being marketed. Corn

is very uneven and late. Some on light

land has been injured by the dry weather.

That on low land was injured by the

water in May and June. Potatoes are

looking well, only a small local demand

for new ones. Little stock being sold.

Hogs bring the best price in years, Tlgc.



Saginaw Co.—-—Perfect haying weather

saw the big hay crop safely under shel-

ter. Wheat harvest is about over, but

not a large acreage to gather. Oats are

ripening early and a few have.

started to cut. Corn making wonderful

progress, and other late-sown crops rap—

idly making up for lost time. Rain is

badly needed; the few showers of the

month making small impression. Sugar

beets doing well and large acreage in.



Emmet Co., July 28.~Except for a few

light showers, dry weather has prevailed

during the month. The hay crop was as

light as that of last season and that is

saying a good deal. The dry season of a

year ago, together with the absence 0!

SlOl‘t





 





snow, contributed largely to the

crop. Pea and oat straw will also bo

short. The corn crop appears to be





holding its own, where properly tilled.

otherwise it is rolling badly. The crop

of early potatoes will be light, as will

also the late crop, unless copious show~

ers come soon. On the lighter, sandy

soils conditions are far worse than in this

locality, and there are a few circum—a

scribed areas favored with one or more'

copious showers, where ideal moisturei

conditions during the past three weeks

have promoted vegetation of every kind,:





and within two miles of such a localityl





as this one, corn leaves are rolling and





all crops at a standstill or comparatively}





so. There is but little winter wheot|

grown in the county. “'e have seen but'

one field this summer, and this on a farm

joining ours. The grain is just being

cradled. The straw has attained a good

growth and the heads are large and well

filled with a plump berry. The soil of this

field has been cropped but twice before.

which no doubt has much to do with tln-

size of the heads and plumpness of the

berry. The cherry crop is good, and

there will be a good apple Crop if the

fruit is properly developed. Poultry is in

good demand, fowls, dressed, 160; chick-

ens, 200, alive; eggs, 22c; butter, 23c

per lb.



Ottawa County, July 30—The weathor

during haying and wheat harvesting, has

been almost ideal with little or no rain.

A good hay crop was secured in first class

condition. Wheat is better than the aver-

age and the quality is No. 1. Threshing

has commenced, and the yield is from 15.

to 25 bushels per acre. A few oats have

been cut and owing to unfavorable

weather conditions they will be a light

crop. Corn does not look very promising,

much of it is very small and, owing to

dry weather the growth is very slow.

Pastures are becoming -dricd up so that

stock is not doing very well. Pork is

scarce and is selling for 7 cents alive and

from 9 to 91/3 cents dressed. Lambs sell

for 1.350 to $4.00 per head.



Osceola Co., July 3]. Ideal haying

vrmtllicr has prevailed nearly all the

month, but too dry for growing crops.

Haying about finished: hay a large crop

and secured in line shape with hardly '1

drop of rain on any of it. The drought

hurt the oats and new seeding and pas-

lures connderablv, but a couple of good

showers July 28 and 20 relieved it. Pas-

tures are nearly dried up. July is a busy

month; haying, hmvcst cultivating and

taking care of the potato bugs all at the

same time makes the farmer “go some.”

Potamcs are looking good but the bugs

are pretty bad. \Vith favorable weather

from now on there is promise of a good

crop.. Corn is doing iinc, altho consider-

able later than a year ago.





 





 





Earn a Large





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Young men and women to fill R. R. and Gov. posi-

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FREE DIRECTORY





of reliable and responsible commission merchants

in 29|eading produce markets. Write DEPT. I).





National League of Commlssion Merchants, Buffalo. ll. Y.





W A N T E D !

RAY OF ALL GRADES.





Write iorquoiailons. line profit. from modncor to consumer.





F. D. HEWITT,





[20 Liberty St., New York.





- HAY & GRAIN "'





We want to hear from Ihippen of Bay and Grain—Our

direct service to lorge consumer! in thin district enables

an to get top prices for good Ihlpmenil. Liberal ad-

vance! to connignorl. ~





Daniel McCaiircy's Sons Co., Pliisburg Pa.

lei.—Vluhlngion lli’l link. linuuune Ill'l Bank.





 





 





 





 





WANTED-Dairy Farm to Rent on shares.



Want some one willing to assist

in establishing a herd of Guernseys. Have four

head myself. DAIRYMAN. care Michigan Farmer.





 





 

 





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Ask your dealer for it.





STANDARD 01L COMPANY

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nnns AND run was

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Fa" s‘LE—J‘irst-clsss Dairy Farm, 200 acres, 14;, miles from

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I BELL FARMS IN OCEANA. The best county

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Write for list. J. D. S. HANSON. Hart, Mich.





MIQHIGAN FRUIT BELT-Good clay land

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when you can buy



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near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for map and par-

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(owners) 16 Merrill bldg.. Saginaw. W. 8.. Mich.





CASH FOR YOUR FARM





‘ in?



I‘LP" If {Iond "unit to sell,



.5. sen escr ption to



. Lea” FRANK P. CLEVELAND.

948 Adams Express Building. Chico‘s. Ill.





FARMS FOR SALE. sub]. prior disposal—80 3.

A1 bldgs., spring water, Wayne Co., abut'g

Stark line. $5.300; 106 a. :A i bldgs.. sand bk., $8.300;

Gen’l store. meat market. residence. barn, Al

bldgs.. going business. on elec. ry.. rich farm coal

mines center. 54,300. E. A. STROUT 00.. (W. E.

Russell. Resident Agent.) Massillon, Ohio.





GHOIOE EATON 60. HIGH. FARMS





Owner having engaged in business on i



state offers for sale three as fine farms a? 3:;th

had, at prices ranging from $40 to $80 an acre.

Two one mile from city, one six miles. Good

buildings, well fenced. and strong soil very pro-

ductive. You should investigate these farms

before buying. For prices, terms and description

write or call on C. D. BARHYTE. 116 N.

Oliver Street. Charlotte. Michigan.





SOUTHERN CROPS PAY.

Come to the south Where they raise three and

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and Carolina—land of opportunity. Rich loam

and perfect climate. Best corn, hay. potato and

truck lands. Market weeks ahead of others.

Zero winters unknown. Dry summers unheard

(if. él‘wenty alfres equgl sixtybnorthern acres.



an s are 0 cap an can on hi; on

erms. Write {0r booklet. g easy





F. l.. MEIBITT, [Ind and lndusl’l In. Norfolk and Soullum

Rnllny. 20 clilzons illnk Building, loriolk. VI.





Michigan Lands





SEND for my free 32-page illustrated booklet

and map of the Dempsey Lands in Mason and

Lake Counties. Michigan; unexcelled for gen~

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land at lowest prices in Michigan. Easy terms.





J. E. MERRITT, Manistee, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





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THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO.

cos-923 Look Street, ciucmiuri, omo





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





~> . 4 V . . - I I

‘ HE DAIRY *

> .



> i

L“ M

CONDUCTED BY COLON C1 LILLIE.





 





 





 





COW-TESTING ' QUESTIONS.





 





Will you kindly give us some informa-

tion concernin the work of_cow-testing

associations? ow do you figure out the

cost of keeping the cows? How much

do you figure the pasturage worth, and

what value do you place on skim-milk

and manure? There are so many values

placed on skim-milk that it is hard to

decide which is the correct one. Has the

assocation increased the annual income

of the farmers in your locality, or other--

wise? Do you consider it worth the

trouble to do the extra work required?

What, in your estimation, is the mini-

mum amount of butter-fat a cow should

give and yet pay a fair interest on the

investment? What breed of cows do you

consder the best for butter production?

We are weighing the milk twice a day

here and testing once a month, figuring

the butter—fat at 28 cents per lb. the

year around.



Minnesota. W. L. A.



The above letter from Minnesota was

referred to me for answer. The cost

of keeping cows is arrived at by actu-

ally weighing the feed of each cow for

one day and estimating from that for

every day the cow is kept on this ration.

When the ration of the cow is changed





 





 





 





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CALDWELL-HOLLOWELL MFG. CO.

510 Commerce St.. WATERLOO. IOWA.





 





 





Let the Saginaw Silo

DOUBLE Your Profits





on are losing money every year

youfre Without 5. Sn inaw

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Write today for our great

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in any particular, either increased or di-

minished, or other foodstuffs are intro-

duced to make a different ration, the

ration is again Weighed, and it is weighed

anyway once each month. Then the cost

of the ration is computed by figuring

the different foodstuffs in the ration at

the actual market price of those food-

stuffs. This, I say, is done once each

month, and then the cost of the ration

for the whole month is computed from

this weighing. _



The value of the skim-milk and manure

is not takcn into consideration by the

cow—testing associations. It is simply

,cconomical production that we want to

1get at. Neither do we charge the cows

with the cost of doing the work. The

farmers of a neighborhood hire a man

to go from farm to farm to do the testing

and to estimate the cost of keep. This is

not charged up to the cows, neither do

‘lthey allow the cow anything for the

'skim-milk, the manure or the calf, al-

llowing ihcse three by-products to offset.

the labor of testing. Now, whether this

(is too much or too little is a question

that can be argued pro and con. Person-

ally, I believe that the calf, the Skim-milk

and the manure from a cow are worth

more than the cost of doing the testing,

so that we are absolutely safe in saying

that it is worth as much. I might say,

in passing, that skim-milk is usually fig-

ured at from 200 to 25c per cwt., and at

the present price of corn and other grains

it is wcll'worth that when fed in proper

combination with other foods.



Testing Associations are Bringing Results.



The testing association, speaking gen-

erally, has done more to increase the ac-

tual annual profit than it has to increase

the annual production. By the cow-test-

ing associations farmers are taught to

feed economically—not to feed in such a

manner as to produce enormous yields at

an excessive pricc, but to feed in such

a manmr that thcy will get the largest

profit from the feed invested. And 1

know of numerous instances where the

cost of producing a pound of butter-fat

in a herd has bccn reduced scvcral cents

thru the knowledge gained by testing the

cows. I think it well worth the trouble

and expense. The cow-testing associa-

tion is the very foundation of the great—

est success in dairying. It puts dairying

on a business basis, keeping a farmer in-

formed as to just exactly what his herd

is producing, and the cost of production.



It is a difficult matter to answer the

question as to how much, or what the

minimum production should be, and still

leave a profit from the cow. This would

depend upon the cost. It would be pos—

sible for a man to make as large a profit

from a cow that produced 250 lbs. of





 





 





 





Agents everywhere sell them.





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MAIN OFFICE G FACTORY ST. PAUL. MINN.





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I

10:. Dick Mfg. Co.

1439W.Tnacarawu St .

Canton. Ohio





butter-fat as it would from another cow

that produced 350 lbs. of butter-fat. The

extra cost of feed might be enough more

so that the cow which produced 250 lbs.

of butter—fat in a year would actually

produce it cheaper than the cow that

produced 350 lbs, tho this is not usually

the case. The large producers usually

produce butter-fat the most economically.





Testing by individual Farmer Apt to be

Irregular and Inaccurate.



Any ardent advocate of the co-opera-

tive cow-testing association must admit

that it is entirely practical for the in-

dividual farmer to test his cows. He

can do it just as well if he will. The

only question is, will he do it and do it





.as carefully and systematically‘as a. ,man'





 





. .





a





. FARMER. .

employed for that purpose. .Weighing

the milk both night and morning and

testing for butter-fat once a month would!

be accurate enough for all practical pur-

poses. But this is only one phase of the

question. We not only want to knowl

how much butter—fat a dow produces in

a year, but we must know how much it

costs to produce that butter-fat, else we

have not gained very much. It matters

not how much business a man does in

any line if he doesn’t make a profit out

of it. There is no fun in going thru with

all of the work if there isn’t an actual

profit, and so there is no particular fun

in keeping a cow the year around if you

don't get a profit out of her, even if she,

produces 500 lbs. of butter-fat in that

time, hence it is not only necessary to

weigh the milk of the cow and to test for

butter-fat, so that you can get the actual

production, but it is just as necessary to

estimate the cost of feed so that,you

know how much it costs to produce this.

Then you can determine the value of a

dairy cow as a business investment. The

butter-fat should be figured at the mar-

ket price, whether that is 25, 28 or 30

cents, and of course it varies. If a

farmer has a. contract to supply butter at

280 per 1b., it is perfectly proper to fig-

ure the butter—fat the year around at 280.

If part of the time he sells butter-fat at

20c and part of the time at 30c, then it

should be figured at just exactly what he

rcceivcs for it, or else he knows very

little about the economical production of

the individuals of his herd.



In Michigan, the cow tester estimates

the value of pasture when it is flush at

500 per week, or $2 per month, but as

soon as the pasture has passed its best,

and some grain or other food has to be

fed as a supplement, then the value of

the pasture is reduced, and the cow is

charged accordingly :1 rcduced price for it.

Usually during May and June, and per-





haps the first half of July, she is charged .





at the rate of $2 per month. After that

it depends upon the pasture, varying

from $1.50 a month down to $1, and per-

haps to 50c per month.





 





WILL IT PAY TO HAVE A StLO FOR

BEET TOPS?





“’e have 25 acres of sugar beets. Will

it pay to buy a silo to put the beet tops

in, either alone or with corn or straw?



Gcncscc C0. J. E. O.





I am of the opinion that it will not pay

to build a silo just on purpose for beet

tops. I would have a silo, but I would

fill it with good corn, and would preserve

the bect tops in another way. I consider

the tops from an acre of good beets worth

$10 to feed to good dairy cows. I do not

know so much about their value for feed-

ing other stock, but I have no doubt

they are equally valuable, especially

where you have no other kind of succu-

lcnt food. Hence they are worth saving,

and if you couldn't save them in any

other way it would pay to have a silo,

but you can save them with less expense

than by building a silo on purpose f0.

them. At Lillie Farmstead one year We

put the tops into the silo. It works all

right, but it costs considerable to elevate

them into the silo.



“'0 use the tops to cover the piles of

boots before they are hauled. After the

beets are hauled, or rather when we arc.

hauling the boots, we carefully remove

the tops from the pile and put them in

small piles about the size of a bushel

basket. If you have them in too largr‘

piles they will rot. If you have them

in too small piles they will freeze if it

comes cold weather, but in piles of the

size mentioned they will not heat, they

will remain fresh, and it will take severe

weather to fi'cczo thcm. Now, after pil—

ing them thus we draw them in as need—

cd and food to thc covvs direct from the

wagon, hauling in cvcry day.



This can be done for any kind of stock,

and I am inclincd to think that this is

about as practical a way to handle hcct

tops as any you can devise. Another way

which would be cheaper than to build a

silo on purpose, would he to pit them.

Select a sandy place where there 'will be





 





 





no standing water and excavate two 01‘

three foot. Draw the beet tops and fill

into this place. tramping them in wcll,i

and cover it ovcr with earth. They will!





l





be preserved almost perfectly.



I know a Menominee Co. man who

stacks his bcct tops, just as you would

slack hay. Thcy decay around the out-

side to the dcpth of several inches, but

the center of the stack is preserved al-

most perfectly; in fact they are almost

as good as if they had been in a silo.

The tops pack together so closely that

they exclude the air, and this is the reaw

son you can preserve them in a much





AUGUST ~ 7;, mi).





 





rDish Pan Drudge



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This Jolt-adjusting wrench gripl any shape of nut wilhcul adv

inning. The harder you pull, the tighter it holds. For every

kind 0! farm machinery; for the but tool for quick run work

Twelve inch size, takes any kind of pipe or not up 1.01% inch

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less expensive way than you . can care.

You' don’t" have, to hem a, first-class ”silo

in order tdiftéepbeet tone: ' . " U



' Of course, when I speak or beet tops

as a. food for live stock, and estimate

their value at $10 per acre for a good crop

of beets, or when I compare them with

corn silage and say that a. ton 'of beet

tops is as valuable as a ton of corn

silage, I mean when they are fed in

connection with other foods, I do not

mean that the animal should have an

entire ration of beet tops. This would

not only, be extravagant feed, but it

,would be extremely poor feed. It would

be a very unbalanced ration and the ani-

mal would not do well. They should be

’fed in connection with dry feed—hay,

cornstalks, etc., and also a ration of grain.

They should be regarded as merely the

succulent food in the ration.





 





 





COST OF EQUIPPING 'A CREAMERY.





 





What would it cost to equip a cream-

ery to handle the cream from 300 to 500

cows after the building is up, well put

down‘a'nd tank built? 1



Muskegon Co. SUBSCRIBER.





, Only an estimate can be made of the

cost of equipping a creamery of the char-

acter described by this subscriber. There

are certain necessary things that must

be had, but there are a great many things

that a creamery ought to have that could

be gotten along without. For instance,

you must have a churn; you have to

have weigh scales; you have to have a

Babcock tester and an outfit for testing

cream. You ought to have a test for

moisture and all that sort of thing. Then

to produce the very best 'results you

ought to have a pasteurizer, but you could

get along without this. Then there should

be a good cream ripener and a starter

can, and a. great many other things too

numerous to mention that finally come in

as part of the equipment of a creamery.

In fact, no up—to-date creamery is fully

equipped without these things.



'The churn will cost you $300 to $400,

depending upon the size. Your engine

and boiler will cost you probably $500.

You,,can"‘buy a smaller one, of course,

but-“‘when you are buying it is not best

to buy of the capacity just adequate for

yotfi‘ present needs. As a matter of fact,

you; ght tobuy everything of sufficient

San 15? go‘flthat it‘n'eé'd' not be run to

itsfi‘ufi. capacity, because when‘ run at

its full rated capacity it is straining it all

the while and the machinery wears out.

Then you have to have a cream ripener,

which will cost $200 to $300 more. Be-

sides that there ought to be a receiving

vat. This,‘of course, is not very expen-

sive, but the absolutely necessary things

for equipping a creamery of the size you

indicate will run close to $1,000 and if

you get everything you ought to have for

the very best results, you will have to

put in a pasteurizer and numerous other

things, and it will cost you from $1,500

to, $2,000 before you get everything

needed.



Then there is another item. You must

have ice, or artificial cold storage- If you

put in an artificial ice plant, it will cost

you something like $1,500, but that is not

necessary if you put up an ice house and

fill it with ice. Now an ice house is a

necessary part of the equipment of the

creamery and that ought to be figured

in. For a general estimate I would say

that it will cost you in the neighborhood

of $1,000 for the necessary things, and

if you fully equip it, it will cost you

$1,800, possibly a little less, possibly a

little more.





FILLING THE SILO.





 





 





Mr. J. P, Fletcher discusses this ques-

tion quite freely in The Farmer of July

24. Now, I do not wish to quarrel with

him and my motive for entering





upon this discussion is in part to stimulate

popular interest in a question which as

he says has not received the attention

in the past that its importance warrants.



It would be hard to estimate the good

done by the Michigan Farmer thru the

medium of these discussons. Many cheap

agricultural papers abound in glowing de--

scriptons of immense farms, managed by

men of large capital, principally for dis-

play. And while these articles are very

readable, they are of little practical worth

beyond the recreation they afford the

reader.



But I started to write of the silo, and

here I am comparing farm papers instead.

Let me tell you how we fill our silos.

The first one built in this section was

filled for two years in an unusual

manner. The owner elevated the corn to

the top with hayslings and dropped it in

without cutting. When two more silos





~ 1 HIE MICHIG.





were built, the'three men bot‘an engage... . '





cutter and hired a threshing machine en-

gine to furnish power. But as the number

increased, it was found that one machine

could not'do all the work in the required

time. Five of us, therefore, purchased

'the machine of the original owners, and

they, with others of their neighbors, hot

9. new one. Our machine was not mount-

ed and we found it quite inconvenient

to load and unloadlit. Fortunately we

have .in our company some very good

workmen with considerable of ingenuity.

We procured two mower-wheels from a

dealer, got the blacksmith to adjust an

axle, so that the wheels would conform

to the highway, made a frame and

mounted the machine, so that its weight

rests over the wheels. The frame extends

forward from the wheels about six feet

and runners are placed under the front

end. A hitch is made like that in an

ordinary stone-boat. When we set the

machine, two trenches are dug close to

the silo to receive the wheels; the frame

is staked down and we are ready to put

up the blower pipe. Two men will move

our machineeasily on level ground. When

we are ready to move, we hitch the ma:

chine behind the traction engine, a team

takes the tank-wagon, blower-pipe, etc.,

and we are on the way almost as quickly

as I can tell the story.



When our work is finished for the sea-

son, our machine is run into one corner

of a tool-shed, where it is safe and dry

and occupies but little room. We pay

five dollars per day for a threshing en-

gine and a man to run it. .Ifhere are

'now seven of us in the c0mpany,.our ma-

chine is in perfect order, we have about

twenty dollars in our repair fund and

the cost of the machine to each individual

has not exceeded that amount.

Advantages of Co-operative Ownership of



Ensilage Cutter.



It is simply out of the question for the

man who keeps from seven to ten cows

to own an ensilage cutter alone. If there

are too many machines in the neighbor—

hood, we shall' lack engines to run them,

unless,they are purchased new for this

purpose. A man must own a large dairy,

if he can aiford to own a complete outfit.

I think it would be safe to say that nine-

tenths of the silos in Michigan are owned

by men who milk less than twenty cows,

and it would not be practical for these

men to purchase outfits individually; nor

would it: greatly lessen the time required

to fill the silos if they should do so.





When the corn is ready to cut, we

begin at the most convenient point and

progress from. place to place until the

work is finished. Exchanging work set-

tles the labor question. True, we are

obliged to hire some help outside of our

company, but only a little, and that can

be secured Ciuite easily. I do not think

our farm work is neglected by this prac-

tice. Surely the corn is taken care of

as quickly as it could be in any other

way, and while it does take one away

from home and the work is quite stren-

uous while it lasts, there are advantages

that make this plan decidedly best for us.

I should like to see every man who keeps

cows have a silo and I am interested in

discovering the plan which is best for

the small dairyman.



If we can only co-operate with each

other in this matter, it will be quite easy

for us to build and fill our silos. The

practice of changing work while filling,

affords opportunity to gain a lot of useful





 

 

   

 





 

 





   

 





,5 HE hay press of real value to the farmer is the press that enables him

1‘ ~' to do his own hay bal’ing. ,

There is unquestionably a great advantage in owning your own



hay press. '



You have ample time to bale your hay during the late fall and early

winter months, and



The money you will save by doing your own baling rather than having

it done by the contract baler will pay better wages for you and your

horses than you can make any other way.





I. H. C. PRESSES FOR

INDIVIDUAL FARMERS





I. H. C. hay presses are well adapted to the use of individual farmers.



They are run by horse power, the kind of power you always have on

the farm.



They do not require a large force to operate them.» Usually there

are men enough on the farm without hiring extra help.



They are not such expensive machines but that each farmer can

afiord to have a press of his own so he may bale his hay or straw when

ever he is ready.



I. H. C. presses are made almost entirely of steel and iron, very strong

and durable. They have the great advantage over many other presses in

being made on the pull-power principle. by which the plunger is pulled,

not pushed.



The presses are made in two sizes. The one-horse. made with a 14 by

18-inch bale chamber can be operated by two men and a boy. It will bale

6 to 8 tons a day.



The two-horse press bales 8 to 15 tonsa day. It has bale chambers

14 by 18, 16 by 18 and 17 by 22 inches. This press is well adapted to doing

not only your ownwork, but also neighborhood and contract baling, if you

have the time.



Both presses are convenient to operate. easy on the horses (no extra

pull when pressure is greatest), and are full circle type, avoiding unneces-

sary stopping, starting and turning of other presses. The stepover is only

4 inches high.



Call on the International local agent for catalogue and information.

or write direct to the home office.





INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U. S. A.





(Incorporated)





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





 





 





We'will give $100.00 for,

the 5 best ears of seed corn





\ sent us before Nov. lst, 1909 by users of





.. THE APPLETON

MANURE SPREADER ,





bought In 1909. Write today for full partic-

7: . . 7 ~- ulars, and ask for our FREE SPREADER



w- 1 BOOK, which proves that the Appleton Manure

Spreader is as strong as steel and oak can make

It; so simple that any boy who can drive a team

, can run it as well as any man: and so effective

_ in operation that it never bunches the manure.

' but pulverizes thoroughly and distributes evenly

from the beginning to the end of the load.





APPLETON MF'G. C0.

20 Fargo St. Batavia. “1., U. S. A. '





BOOK





Tells 100 wavs

Cbatham Pays You.





   

 





 





   

 





 

 





   

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

 





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





More Grain Proiit





Pay me on time, or cash. my factory price. but be sure to

try a Chafiham. anyhow. Clean your grain—before you sell

lt—or before you soil! it. $I,000,000 lost by Farmers in

every state each season by selling dirty grain is a low

estimate. You are “docked” on the price because of dirt

in every bushel. Cleans wheat for market. Takes oats,

cocklc, garlic. mustard and chess out of wheat. Cleans

red clover—takes out Duel-thorn plantain. Cleans alsike

clover and alfalfa. (lieuns beans, oats, barley. Grades

corn. Cleans timothy seed.





TAKE 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL ON A





   

 

 





 





 





information.



Every silo in our section is a success.

No bad ensilage results in our experience.

“'0 have counseled together, we have

compared our silos and our ensilagc, and

have succeeded always because every

man’s practice has been equal to the

best known among us. It should be our





 





CHATHA Fanning Mm,





Seed Grader _



and Cleaner



FREIGHT PAID TO YOU



250,000 sold already in U. S. and Canada. Experiment '

Stations indorse them, and Agricultural Papers recommend them to

subscribers. Write for full particulars—Prices and New (‘utalog Free—

Address me at nearest city to you—MANSON CAMPBELL. President

THE MANSON CAMPBELL COMPANY, Detroit Mich. ..

Kansas City, Mo. St. Paul. Minn. ‘Portland, Ore.

W 2! Branch Warehouses for prompt shipments.





 

 

 

 

 





 





 





Sent Freight Prepaid to

Farm On 30 Days' Free Tr





 





ambition to promote the welfare of the

small dairyman and farmer. An ideal

rural community is one in which all own

their homes and co-operate ‘not only to

their material advancement but in the

maintaining of those social, educational

and moral forces that tend to make thoi

individual happy, the community pros-l

persous and the nation secure.

Oceana Co. W. F. TAYLOR.





 





 





Summer Stock Water Prob'~-~





Esnecially in the interior states. where:

springs are not over-abundant, the wat-J

ermg of stock in the summer is not onlvl

a problem but a task. The Gedge Brosii

Iron Roofing Co., 102 Lee street, Ander-j

son, Ind, recently have devised a portable ,

and automatic watering tank for stock.

This tank is easily movable from placc‘

to place, or from pasture to pasture, and





 





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





We do not ask

for cash with or- r ‘

der, because Ross .

Machines for the

past 59 years have



proved b e y 0 nd

“ the expectation

of e v e r y pur.

g chaser.





EXPERIENCE MAKES

PERFECT.

Every buyer of

a Boss outfit is

, a satisfied cus-



tomer,



Our catalogue

shows the most

‘ Complete line of



Silo Filling Machinery on

the market. Don‘t forget the





R058 SILO.





7 stLo FILLING

MACHINERY





Made in sizes to suit all wants. SOLD

ON THEIR OWN MERITS. Buy them,

try them. and only then do we expect





5 9 settle_nt.





EXPERIENCE

Largest manufactur-

ers of Ensilage Ma- :

chinery in the world. :5

R055 CUTTERS ARE



GUARANTEED. *

Write today for FREE Catalog. ~





The B. W. ROSS 00., Box 14, Springfield, Ohio.





   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 





 

   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





 





when desirable, tanks may be located ,

in different parts of the same large field. ‘

Once filled, the water remains fresh and

clear—it feeds out only as it is taken by

the stock. Of course it is on the principle

of the vacuum fountain, and works auto-

matically. ,





 

 

 

 

 





OW TO FEED COWS AND INCREASE THEIR MILK OUTPUT.

Also how to save from 10% to 20% of feeding cost. This information is

valuable to every farmer or stock raiser, and will be sent free for the





asking. Write and send us a copy of the ration you are now feeding.

CHAPIN 6: COMPANY, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.
" illdllTlCUL’l‘URE I





106 .018!





 





 





AUGUST SPRAYING OF APPLES.





The apple crop of Michigan this year





-will doubtless be very small and may not





exceed last year’s crop. This means that:

sound apples are going to sell at fancy

prices this fall and winter. Never before

have so many apple orchards been spray-

ed during, the early part of the season,

and in most cases the crop is in very

good condition.



In traveling about the state, visiting,

advising and instructing fruit growers,

as the writer does, he is extceedingly en-

couraged over the increased interest and

thoroness fruit growers have taken in

spraying this year, and this opportunity

is taken to urge all apple growers to

spray in early August for the codling

moth and scab. When the prospects are

so flattering for good prices, growers can-

not afford to run the risk of losmg the

benefit of all their work so far and of

having their crop ruined by those two

most destructive pests. One good, thoro

application of Bordeaux mixture contain-

ing arsenat-e of lead or Paris green—~ar-

senate of lead being much more prefer-

able because of its adhesive qualities and

no danger of its burning the fruit—~will

assist greatly in controlling them and se-

curing a clean crop.



Several growers expect to make two

sprayings in August, thinking it will be

greatly to their advantage.



Several enthusiastic apple growers have

announced to the writer that they are de-

termined to prove that Michigan can pro-

duce apples that will compete in any

market with apples from any state. Sev-

eral instances are known where Michi-

gan growers received from $5 to $9 per

barrel for apples last winter. Naturally

such prices stimulate these growers to

pursue the most thoro and up-to—date

methods.



The college is endeavo-ring this year to

encourage and to demonstrate in differ-

ent parts of the state horticultural oper-

ations for the benefit of those who apply

for help.



Agr’l College, Mich. O. K. \ern.





THINNING SEASON DELAYED.





July 24 is rather late to thin peaches;

too late by about a month, in fact, but it

was on this date that we finished the

work this year. The crop is the most

abundant we have had in several years

and the peaches simply hung in culstcrs,

and it was a larger job than it appeared

at first, and it is sometimes a little

difficult to judge just how much time

such an undertaking will require. Singu.

lurly enough there are still some who

question the prolitableness of‘such work.

iut with us it has long since ceasbd to

he an experiment. Judicious thinning

does not reduce the number of packages,

and by experience in a packing house a

few years ago it was found that an ins

crease of a quarter of an inch in the

diameter of a peach added 25 to 30 per

cent to its selling value. And practically

no time is lost in the work of thinning,

as the fruit must be picked any way,

and less time is consumed in dropping

them on the ground than in putting them

in a basket.





Some have practiced knocking the

green fruits Off, taking a stick two to





three feet long and of a convenient size

and striking the limbs where the peaches

hung too thickly, but we have never

found such a practice quite satisfactory.

The fruits are not left evenly distributed

and the limbs are more or less bruised. A

grower of considerable experience said

to me the other day that he had followed

this method for some time and could

see no difference in the quantity of fruit

harvested over the practice of hand thin-

ning, but I am satisfied that if the

peaches were run over a grader before

being packed that a material difference

would be discovered. The peaches would

be less even in size and enough would

go into the smaller grades to cover the

difference in cost between hand and stick

thinning.



The men are at this writing thinning

the early apples. The fruit on the Trans-

parents, Duc’hess and VVealthys are al-

together too abundant to permit of any

reaching marketable size unless thoroly

thinned. A few years ago a Transpa-

rent tree was loaded about as they are

now, and was left without thinning, and

at harvest time only about a barrel and

a half of very small apples were picked.

and these were barely large enough to

be marketed. All of the rest were abso-





 





. ' ‘1 “'1’





 





I





lutely too small, to be oflered for sale.

The [tree was large -enough’to have ‘yleld-

ed five barrels of good, merchantable





' apples, and the fruit brot about $1.50 per





barrel on the trees that year. The ap»

ples sold from that tree brot $2.25, while

if it had been properly thinned the prod—

uct would have sold for as much as

$7.50, and a man could have done the

work in less than a half day at an ex-

pense of less than 75 cents; 75 cents would

have brot $5, and with less exhaustion

to the tree. ‘



While earlier thinning of, apples is de-

sirable, yet if done shortly before ripen-

ing the results are very marked. It is

quite surprising how much the later and

smaller ones will grow after the riper ones

are harvested and a smaller number is

left to take the substance from the trees.

But even then there is a decided advan-

tage in Michigan in having only a proper

number on the trees at ripening time.

The earlier apples always lring the high-

est price, and as the season advances

the quantity increases and prices decline.

So if-a person has only what the tree

can bring to full maturity, the maximum

yield will be secured of the finest speci-

mens and at the earliest p0ssible date,

hence the most money is obtained by

this method.



This year we propose trying for a little

profit out of the job of apple thinning.

Green Duchess apples at this time of

year make excellent sauce and pies, and

as apples are quite scarce there is a de-

mand for them. Last week in order to

test the market we shipped two baskets

of these apples, and they sold at a price





 





Twelve acres of Lettuce. with both an early and late crop growing.

den will lend itself to the practice of double cropping.





that would net $1.50 per barrel on the

trees. So, in thinning these apples we

purpose picking off the larger ones in-

stead of the smaller psecimens and Ship-

ping them. Doubtless the smaller ones

will be a little later in maturing than

would the larger ones, but enough will

be realized from these first shipments to

much more than repay any shrinkage in

the price of the later ones.



Allegan Co. EDWARD HUTCHINS.



HANDLING FRUIT.



Whether an acquired characteristic or

not, the tendency of the consumer to

avoid fruit that shows marks of handling

in favor of that free from bruises is quite

universal. Cherries without stems, apples

with dark spots, peaches roughly handled,

are up against it in a market with good

fruit. The retailer demands carefully

handled fruit of his wholesaler, for that

is what his customers want. The whole-

saler demands, in turn, from his buying

agents fruit that will meet the wants of

the retailer. These agents naturally hope

to get hold of fruit that will meet these

requirements and consequently are will-

ing to pay more for such a product. But

in making a distinction between good





and poor fruit in a Community, there is

often trouble over the fact that in many

places. where fruit growing is not a





business, “apples are apples,” and should

a buyer pay more to one man than to an-

other he must ever after fight shy of that





community. To overcome this danger,

many buyers have their own picking

crews and pay a “lump sur for the





fruit of an orchard or so much per bar-

rel for the different varieties and grades

after harvested. This usually gets better

results from the trees, for experienced

pickers and packers will always get the

fruit together in better shape than ama-

teurs.



But often fruit growers, and generally





gain,” when they sell their orchards in





 





far'mers, get the ‘fshort end of the bar-





this manner, and, the reason is that they

are ignorant of the value of their fruit.

The men who buy know this, and impose

upon the innocence of the grower. Many

growers would be money ahead if they

went to some disadvantage to gather their

crops themselves a few seasons'and put

it on the market as carefully as possible,

for the sole purpose of gathering infor-

mation about the worth of the crop. In

after years this would be helpful knowl-

edge and experience, and would, if the

amount of fruit is much, return many

times the extra trouble made in gather-

ing the crop for the one or two seasons.

Storage house keepers, horticultural

students and fruit growers who have

made a study of the problem, are con~

vinced that a large part of the waste

coming from fruit failing to stand up un-

dcr shipment, while in cold storage, is due

to damage done the specimens in picking,

grading and packing, and to the cooling

after harvester. Perhaps no other fruit

section in the country has given the study

to this problem that the citrus section of

southern California has. There by ex-

haustive experiments they have learned

that the decaying of fruits is almost in-

variably traced to some abrasion or injury

to the skin of the fruit. And further that

cars of fruit shipped to eastern points

would get to market in a condition de-

pending upon the quickness with which

the car was cooled after the fruit was

taken from the trees. Upon these findings,





"ll Clean I

an





Outslde cleanliness ls less than half the

battle. A man can scrub hlmself a dozen

times a day, and still be unclean. Good





but lnslde.

clean bowels,





It means a clean stomach,

clean blood, a clean Ilver,

and new, clean, health tissues. The man

who Is clean In thls ay will look It and

act It. He will work wlth energy and

thlnk, clean, clear, healthy thoughts.





 





He wlll never be troubled with liver,

lung, stomach or blood disorders. Dyspep-

sia and indigestion originate In unclean

stomachs. Blood diseases are found

where there is unclean blood. Consump-

tion and bronchitis mean unclean lungs.





Dr. Pierce’s





 





improvemdnts were at Once made in the

manner of handling the crop so as to





Kitchen garr





eliminate every possible injury and to

shorten the time from the taking of the

fruit from the tree till it was placed in a

cool temperature where the action of de-

structive bacteria would be slow. The

findings have led to a wonderful widen-

ing of the market for the crop from that

section, and has made the returns to the

growers correspondingly greater.



These results should help the ordinary

grower. He cannot go to the expense





‘(iolden Medical Discovery





: prevents these diseases. It

! makes a man’s insides clean and

- healthy. It cleans the digestive

organs, makes pure, clean blood,

and clean, healthy flesh.





Is the most unclean un-

Plerce's Pleasant Pellets

Easy to take





Constipation

cleanliness. Dr.

cure it. They never gripe.

as candy.





It restores tone to the nervous system,

and cures nervous exhaustion and pres-

tration. It contains no alcohol or habit-

forming drugs.





WHARROWING

ATTAGIIMENT FREE





We are going to give one of these HarrowingAttM-h-

ments absolutely free to one farmer in each neigh-

borhood. Write us AT ONCE for the

particulars. This is a. straight busi- *

nes- proposition. We sell all our im- ‘

plemcnts direct to the farmers. r

depend on them making more sales -

on their merits. Just now we are

making a. specialty of these Har-

rowing Attac ments, and we want

to sell thousa die of them this

fall. One in use will sellmany

others; so we want; one in each

neighborhood to show tarm-

ers what it will do.



Do you want one now with-

out a. cent of cost to you! / ,. 2"

If so, write us ,- > ‘

to-day. Just a

postal card request

for particulars. ,





 





 

 

   

 





 

 

   

 





   

 

   

   

   

 

     

 





 

 

 





 

 





American Plow Co.

2344Fair Och Ave.

Madison. Win.





FULTZ WHEAT





Best Milling Variety, Good Yieldor.

Sure Cropper.





 

 





FREIGHT

I a PREPAID





   





 





 





 





that the organization referred to did, but

he can eliminate much of the damage that,

now comes from improperly handling sci

valuable a crop as apples, peaches, grapes]

and other fruits. 110 can provide basketsl

adapted to the work, tables for sorting?

and grading, means of carting the fruit;

to cellars, or the coolest place available;

as quickly as possible after it is taken!

from the trees. He can instruct hisE

pickers and packers how to handle thel

specimens and be on hand to see that they

follow the instructions laid down. And

the best of it is that he can do these

things and take other precautions feeling

that he will be well paid for the pains.





SAVING SEED, AND



Now that seeding time is practically

over, the garden work lies chiefly in

properly caring for what has been‘

grown, and preparation for next season’s

work. We have often emplasized the

importance of judicious seed selection%

and its proper care right at home. and“

upon our own grounds. ‘



In spite of evolution theories. the bald

facts remain that it is the fight of our

lives in animal and plant breeding to hold

our own, to say nothing of advancing or

attaining greater heights of perfection?

in our standards, as the invariable ten-1

dency is backward toward the original

type. So now that the harvest time is

here we believe that some suggestions

along these lines, the oft-repeated, mayl





 





ITS CARE. l





Our crop pure and carefully prepared for sowing.

Also Poole. Mammoth White Rye, New Crop Tim-

othy. Write for samples, circulars. prices.

The 0. O. Shepard 00.. 20 B St., Medina. 0.





WINTER SEED WHEAT

62 Bushels Per Acre—35’: ¥S§lii§fli3§§





two'hardlest varieties. surest croppera and biggest

yielders; made world’s record. Samples, prices

and descriptive circulars FREE. Mention this

paper. Address RATEKIN’S SEED HOUSE.

Shenandoah. Iowa.





SEED WHEAT!





400 acres. Grown especially for seed purposes In

the wheat belt of Lancaster 00., Pa. Return of

seed allowed and money refunded if not satisfact-

ory. The beat varieties smooth and bearded. Ilssue

a neat circular. It Is free but you must ask for It.

A. H. HOFFMAN, Bnmford. Pennsylvania.





ROYAL





Hydrated or Crushed





AGRICULTURAL llME





is the strongest Lime in Ohio, and greatly



benefits the soil. Same is put up in pack-



ages easy to handle. Itis ready for the drill.



Experimental Stations advocate its use.



Write or wire us for prices for fall seeding.

Made only by





SCIOTO LIME 8s STONE 00.. Delaware. 0.





AGBIGULTUBAL LIME





Prices and information furnished on applications

The Woodville Lime 8:. Cement Gm,

Toledo, Ohio.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Always mention the Michigan Farmer _‘





when writing to advertisers.





health means cleanliness not only outside,-





 





   





 





 





 





 





*- flamm'





"LL

\f
#vnvum‘_





“La

\f





 





._c 2;





J’— 2 ,p ”v neetuI’fznpu-a “finite and he then; ‘ " *'

' 9m“ 'thn’ggot'ops, it requires! only the _





 





casual energies; to notice, that here and

' there will be. plants standing ,yhead and





 





 





.1-_





‘a_





 





     





 





~ "GRAN





' 4

.4

' 4

shoulders above their neighbors._ Appa- W ‘ ' '

rently all are growing under the same Our Mottb—‘,‘The Farmer is of more

general conditions;— yet, Saul-like, some consequence 311,3}! the farm, and should be

are towering above the rest in vigor, size flrSt improve ' ‘

and season of maturity. Of whatever THE AUGUST PROGRAMS.

kind or variety the plants may be, they

are the ones from which to select our State Lecturer’sM Suggestions for

. ee mg.

seed for future use. the ones to perpetu~ Which is the most profitable invest-

ate and build up. If it be potatoes, care- ment, seventy—five dollars in cows, in

fully mark the hills, and when digging hens or in swine?





.. (Vary the sub-topics to fit the indus-

be surevto save those most closely adher tries of your community and ask for





ing to the ideal type in form, size and figures to prove the arguments.)

general appearance. If it be com, in Review of a book or magazine read

- he recently.

:3ng bzazasriligrlfoditid 2111:1130 £21? theii Industréial Alcohol, its sources, uses and

' manufac ure. ‘

note from time_to time the conditions Sports and Games in the Country.—

of growth as to height of stalk, foliage. Why do we "eved more? How Shall they

. to be encouraged:

size and form 0f ear, maturity, e ' Some practical home-made refresh-

here are many points of importance 01! ments—by a “Surprise Committee" tcon-

; but ex erlence will sisting of young people who give ms ruc-

WhiCh to take note p - _ tions for making and serve samples of

help us out. The same, general prin the refreshments.

ciples hold true with many other vege- ————~——

tables as eas, beans, tomatoes, etc- WHY FARMERS SHOULD BE PATRONS

, p

With the latter, earliness 15a vitfil Pom" OF HUSBANDRY.

and this may be encouraged and devel—

oped by picking the fruits before. fully This is an age of organization and farm-

matured. Just when they are begm- ers fully appreciate the truth of this oft-

ning t0 tinge With pink is the right time repeated statement every time an effort is

to pick them, then keep them carefully made to have their influence felt in any

until fully ripe before taking out the direction, Let the farmer attempt to

.seeds. right any wrong arising from the lack of

The After Care. _ legislation or thru the operation of unjust

A11 vegetables from Whleh we intend to laWS and he immedately finds himself face

reproduce or propagate should be care« to face with an organized force. He

fully stored. Potatoes and roots are best must battle, single handed, with a body

held at just as low a temperature as of individualsthoroly organized. The re-

WC can give them. S:eds,gfor bdest fie; sult, disastrous as it is to the farmer,

sults, requirerthoro ryin v an a e is only what might reasonably be ex-

this Should be kept in Pipetl'h sacks Bwhere pected under the circumstances, and the

dampness Will not reac em. eans, outcome is much the same where a weak

peas, etc., that are liable to insect attack organizaton meets a stronger.

may be kent entirely free from their Can a more potent argument for a

ravages by fumigation, Whleh’ Of course, strong farm rs‘ organization be advanced

should be done-before storing, and the than that contained in the above facts?

safe time to d0 It IS JUSt as 300“ as they And, granting that there is general agree-

are dry. . ment as to the need of organizaton, where

Take a box any convenient Slze and fit a. is there an organization built upon a more

close cover, 1’1)”.thme timd "out? ht! permanent, enduring basis, or that has

need be, to ma e 1 per ec Y a” 1g ° been more thoroly tried out, than the

It is convenient to fit adjustable shelves Grange? It has become a lasting social

so that several kinds may be treated at and educational force in every progressive

the same time, or the box may be filled farm community which it has entered. Its

nearfy full in bmg- Procure ofbany grugl" plan, that of having an organization in

giSt‘ra pne—poun can of car on 13“ ‘ township, county, state and nation, makes

DllidagfihiCh ShOUId COSt not to exceed 25_ possible its reaching and helping the

centn.‘,;.-lfl:ce the fseeds in the bet“; 33d farmer in every sphere, and anything short

pour "a" a CSPOOT‘“ 0" more 0“ e ' of this would not make for a stron,

quid ;_into a saucer or other earthen ves- influential body. g

vel and place it, in tie box, 31108:,“ thte Another point in favor of the Grange is

lid'tllghtlx.‘ Twelve .ours fWI' elf}! ‘ that it was the first organization that

$0161“ to quiet thetititle 311 every fl”? gave to woman the same privileges and

insect, tho more 'mel “ h “f0 mm 6 rights as are enjoyed by man. In doing

the seed. D0 “0t inha e t F umes, ya: this it has not only turned on the radiant

t00 mUCh Will put the ope-rator1as 1:91 light of hope for her, but it has strength-

aS the bugs 01“ 0f comm 3310‘" la 510 veep cned the union of both, has created deeper

it carefully EWafYt not? fire; as tt's \ery love for home, and given inspiration for

11123111128“?- Ail? 55;? lilrrimiicllosl’ air better thoughts, noblcr deeds, and higher

011 an pace e S ‘, {' aims for the future.

tlioroly aired for a time the process will There is nothing equal to the Grange

not injure the seeds for cooking or eat- in giving opportunity to the boys and

mg DUFDOSES- b 1 h l girls of the farm. Here their latent abil-

The above has at?“ test: been't trifslmd ity is awakened and hope engendered

out 2 golod tmatl'lyl :erlrrfiinsuinnfhgrst:aevis until we see them developed into fuller

muc W193 5 1 i and more complete men and women. In

and the foregomgt' suggestions If] mtelh' so doing they take greater pride in their

gently carried on , “ sure yIpace our work, more interest in the farm and the

feet squarely on the main highway to home and their attachments for it are in-

success. C bb We in creased many times.

a age r s. ..___._____

The following is said to be an entirely OUR NEW GRANGES.

effective remedy for the green cabbage _____

worm, and if as represented will prove V—The New Secretary’s Part

a boon to cabbage growers: Thoroly dis- The secretary—the “Quiet Officer "

sollVl'c 21 23F§:t;:b::§008r;::1yOihzalélligt: Much of his work is in silence and none

ga'0n_t0_ “ id will effectually rid them Of it is showy; yet upon the painstaking

This, 1 IS tsa na if so it will be very performance of it depends much of the

0f the‘ petS f’o acauliflower as the arsen- power Of any grunge. The secretary may,

convenien 'rl safe when once they as it were, lubricate the whole machinery

gees 31:) 11:32:19 yll’gbum be glad to hear so it will run ordinarily withoutfriction.

gm ' ‘ _ . does this:

“7:175? succcess others may 33‘]; 3:12;; 1. By bcing promptly and always ithis

ayne 0' ‘ ‘ ' place. Members often wish to -Ly ducs

O '0 M t ‘—-A . 1 1 n before the meeting calls to order, seek in-

onioriil "bed 1512:1538 $011132: rigithmcsmiin formation LUHC‘CI'I’ling trade contracts or

_ ‘ . ,. ‘ ask other qucstions.

Waffgtss'ofllfigitmifle0:021:10: ?;:L:;Dh;?fi 2. By jotting down the minutes accu-

dre tro them gr dissolve 1 lrbt of soa rately at the “mm 13mm?“ is transacted,

. 5 y ' ’ ‘ ‘ . p and later copying them carefully into a

in a gallon of water and add a pint of record book

crude carboiic acid. This is then diluted 3 By taking particular can, never to

With 30 parts of water and applied to the accept money for any grunge purpose





:fiétlfggsgiettgioghgf ngia?tin§atrlli?vpessthilsl whatsoever without_givl’ng a receipt for

to place tarred paper near the base of it which is recorded on the corresponding

the plants. This acts to keep away the stub of the recept book;~nnd by taking

flies that lay the eggs from Whmh the equal care to secure and preserve re-





mac ots hatch. Cheesecloth is often _ ,

spreagd over a small patch. This also prc- ceipts for all monies paid out. These





vents the flies from laying thlfillt 96855. vouchers for mones passing through the

Cabbage root maggots are com a e m secretary’s hands are his chief passports





manner. It is a practice among .

it'rlijefniianlmefrge growers of cabbage to cut to fitness for his office. He should guard





pieces of {gm-red paper so thétlt tthhey Cg; be them carefully, keep them in order and

placed around the steam 0 c C“ age present them at the end of the year



- - makin ' '

plants. This ‘5 accomplished by g to the finance committee as evidence of





. the center of the piece, which

its $11333; cut hexagonal, and a slit from honest and efficient discharge of duty.





this hole to one side. TheliPieeg is recadtgz To have the grange records of member~

:ngilaioatthghfiolihgtallhde :efifgn pas ship, recepts and expenses check up accu-





 





 





First





.__





 





 





'is an





 





.;-





rately and completely should be at once

the ambition and satisfaction of every

secretary. This furnishes good business

training if the membership is large, and





<19) . 107





E Mammy culls“J





 





 





accomplishment worthy of pride.



4. By having the items and papers,

needful to come before the Grange at

hand, ready instantly upon call of the

master for “applications,” “bills,” “re-

ports,” “new business.” etc. Here is

where a capable secretary supplements

the master in dispatching routine work

with alacrity.



5. By accepting no more duties than

one person can well perform. I recall the

plaintive letter of one faithful secretary,

written me years ago. She had all the

secretary’s detail work of a large Grange,

and in addition, acted as purchasing agent

for supplies, subscription agent for farm

and Grange papers and conducted all the

correspondence of the organization, It

was obviously not a fair division of labor.

Such a grange as hers was must have

within its membershp more than one per-

son who would be benefitted by sharing

these dutties. JENNIE BUELL.





TWO MORE U. P. GRANGES.



State Deput’y John Wilde is still work-

ing among the farmers of the Upper

Peninsula. He organized Metropolitan

Grange at Metropolitan. in Felch Town-

ship, Dickinson Co., Saturday evening,

July 24, with the following officers: Mas-

ter, Andrew Rian; overseer, John Biom-

quist; lecturer, Jonas Blomquist; steward,

John M. VVickman; assistant steward,

Herman Gustafson; lady assistant stew-

ard, Anna Rian; chaplain Leander Ny-

lund; treasurer, Matt, Willman; score-r

tary, Anfred Anderson; gate keeper, Ja-

cob Blomquist; Ceres, Anna Nylund; P0-

mona, Mary Blomquist; Flora, Gustufoa.

Anderson.



On Monday evening, July 26. he organ-

ized a Grange in the Misery Bay settle-

ment, Ford River Township, Delta Co.,

with the following ofl‘lcers: Master, Geo.

Jensen; overseer, Swan Lafgen: lecturer,

Bertha Peterson; steward, Neil Jensen;

assistant steward, Viggo Johnson; lady

assistant steward, Anna Jensen; chaplain,

Julia Eddy; treasurer, \Vm. Williams;

secretary, Hiram Wellman; gate keeper.

Bertram Hansen: Ceres, Cornelia Jensen;





Pomona, Mary Dickson; Flora, Ulerikc

Lafgen.

AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





Another Grange “At Home."—Union

Grange, in Isabella county, now owns a

home. The blinds to the hall were do-

nated by a rural mail carrier who took

this way of expressing his appreciation

of the work of the Grange in securing the

rural mail system.



Maple Grove Patrons, of Cliarlevoix

Co., are repairing their hall and fixing

up the surrounding grounds preparatory

to holding a Grange picnic on Aug. 28.

Bro. J. C. Ketcham, of Barry Co., has

been secured to deliver the principal

address. '



Grand Traverse Grange reports that

the “Emergency” program, mentioned

last week, proved a profitable and enjoy-

able onc. Nearly every member present

offered good suggestions regarding one

or more of the critical situations consid‘

cred. In nearly every cnsc the impor-

tance of preventive moasurcs was strong-

ly emphasized. Some of the sugg'istions

offered were highly humorous. It was

also distmvcrcd during the carrying out or

the program that there were several real

heroes present. One speaker related how

“in the hour of shipwreck," by kccping

his head he had been of material assist-

ance to the other members of the party.

Nearly all of the speakers agreed that

the correct procedure “when burglarsare

discovered in the house" is to go to sleep

and let them burgle. However. it was

advised not to keep anything in the house

that would be a temptation to a burglar.

The next meeting of this Grange will

be held Saturday afternoon, Aug. 7.





COMING EVENTS.





Pomona Meetings.





Gratiot Co., with Elm Hall Grange,

Saturday, Aug. 7. Bro. J. C. Kctclium,

state speaker.



Charlevoix Co., with Maple Grove

Grange, Thursday, August 12. Hon. 1).

E. McClure, state speaker.





Emmet Co., with Pickerel Lake Grange,

Friday, Sept. 24. ‘



Western Pomona (Ottawa Co.)

Tallmadge Grange, Friday, Aug. 27.



Picnics and Rallies.



Granges.of southwestern Lenawee Co.

will hold their second annual rally and

picnic in Bishop‘s grove, three miles

northwest of Morenci. Saturday, Aug. 7.

Grangcs affiliating are Morenoi, Medina,

Lime Creek, South Dover, Sugartown

and Chesterfield.



Ionia Co. Pomona will hold annual pic-

nic in Blsworth’s Grove near Lake

Odessa, Tuesday, Aug. 10. .Statc Muster

Hull ’heads the list of speakers.



Granges.nnd farmers’ clubs of North-

crn Lcnawce (‘0. will hold picnic at Sand

Lake, Friday. Aug. 12. Stale Master Hull

heads list of speakers.





with





Haring and Selma Granges, of VVexford g





 





Address all correspondence relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. W.

L. Cheney, Mason, Mich.





 





Assoclatlonal Motto.—

The skillful hand, with cultured mind.

is the farmer's most valuable asset.





Associational Sentiment.—

The farmer; he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.





 





A STROLL IN THE GARDEN.





(Paper read at the June meeting of the

Indianflelds Club, by Mrs. Clara Miller.)



“I would like to see your garden before

I go home,” said Many, toward the close

of one beautiful summer’s day. And as

John and I are always ready to show

our garden to our friends, of course, we

started for there.



“Your garden is not very far from the

'house,” said Mary, “and you have it

fenced with chicken wire so nothing can

get in to destroy it.”



“Oh, yes," said John, "we thot it paid

for itself the first year. But I see it needs

repairing. It has been up now eleven

years and it has saved a great deal of

running to chase chickens and also to

keep the cattle out. You see, Clara and I

always try to attend the Indianfields

Farmers’ Club every month, and we

would not like to come home and find

our garden destroyed." Here Mary in-

terrupted in hcr lively way.



“Oh, I sec now where you have your

watcrmclons; right licrc behind that big

tall sweet: corn, and it has different

heights; but I want to know more about

the watcrmclons. First, why do you

plant them on the outside?”



“John‘, you can tell Mary all about the

vegetables, but I want to tell her about

the flowers."



“Yes," said Mary, “I see you have a lot

of tlicm over there.”



"\I'ell, Mary, you just wait until we get

over there and I believe you will think

they are pretty. Now, John, you can tell

Mary why we put the watermelons and

other vines along the side of the garden."



“Well, Mary," answered John, “it takes

up less room in having the vines at the

side; they can be planted near the edge

and you can see they vine on the sod and

up against the. fence. “’e planted twu

rows side by side because then the vines

hold the moisture so much better. You

see our garden is thirteen rods long by

six rods wide, and it slopes to the soutli,‘

so we plant walermclons, then cucum-

bers, because they do not mix very badly;

then the summer squashcs (tho we do

not eat thvm ourscivcs, we always raise

them for our club collections at the fair).

You see those kinds of squaslics do not

vino, but stool quite large, so they do

not: bothcr the other vines. Now comes

the other kinds of squash.”



“chll, how many kinds have you?"

“'c plant only three kinds,” said Mary.



“\Vell, Mary, you will be surprised when

I tell you we have clevvn different kinds.

A lady sent us some seed from Vassar;

they were the Banana squash; I am anx-

ious to see how tlicy will be. But, as I

said bcforc, wc plant a great many dif-

fcrcnt kinds of vcgctublcs that we do not

care for oui'Sclvcs. You see there is only

one bill of Cilt'h kind of all the summer

VLll‘ll‘lit‘S.”



“Arc llicse watcrmcions, too?" said

Mary, her mind still on the watcrmelons.



"Oh, no; tlicy are citrons,” laughed

John; “just two bills are all tlicrc are of

them.”



“Look at those prvtly while blossomS;





they look like white lilivs, what are

tlw askcd Mary, who bcgun to gather

a handful of blossoms.





John told licr luugliingly that they were





gourds. I made her a noscgav of one

of the leaves. They are only about a foot

ucross; tlicy look so much like water





lilics; I put a bunch of the white flowers

in the center. Mary that the flowers had

such a prctty ruffled edge. “Now, John.

tell her about the sweet corn and other



" growing sorts, and why you put them





here.”





““"cll, Mary,” said John, “you see our

ardcn is close to the road; so We plant





Co., will hold a rally on Saturday, Aug.



14_ State Master Hull, state spcakcr. sweet corn, sugar cane, broom corn, sun—

Bronson Grange, Branch Co., will hold flowors, poppm-n’ tobacco, in fact all the



22:51:;114331? Matters“, Lake- “PC“ tall growing sorts at this side of the

Kent Co. Pomona Grange will hold a garden for a background. When I am rid-





farmers’ picnic in Byron township, Kcnt i

Co., Wednesday, August 25. Fourth and

fifth degree session with Carlisle Grange

in the evening. Mastcr N. P. Hull, state

speaker.



Lapeer Co. Pomona will hold Grange

rally and basket picnic at Lake Pleasant,

Cedar Landing, Thursday, Aug. 26.





ng along the road I admire nice gardens,





and I think others like to see them also.

We think we have some fine kinds of

sweet corn: Stowell’s Evergreen, Country

Gentleman, Howling Mob, and the best

of all, the little Yellow Bantam; you see
r 108- - no)

it is the Smallest and earliest, when you

are eating that‘you will want to do like

the little boy did; send the cob back by

the Waiter to have it filled again. We do .

not pay any attention to ’the different

kinds mixing, for we buy new seed every

year, as a rule.” .. .



“I see you have woven wire for your

peas to vine on, and see what big pods!” ;

interrupted Mary.



I “Yes,” said John, “they take less room

on the wire and bear so much longer

and are so much easier to gather. The

vines are not torn to pieces, and besides

they are not so apt to mildew.”



“Oh, what are these pretty things on

this end of the Wire?” cried Mary. John

told her they "were ornamental gourds.



“I that they would do better to grow

on the -wire, too, as there was plenty of

room. Now, Mary, you will see the low-

growing sorts, such as tomatoes. Look

at those little red 31nd yellow tomatoes.”



“How many kinds 'have you?” said

Mary. '



John thot for a moment, then said, “You

won't ‘hardly believe me when I tell you

there are twelve different kinds. Those

little ones are the Yellow and Red Cherry;

those others are the Yellow and Red Pear;

those little yellow ones with the husk on l

are called Strawberry or Husk Tomato.L

Those pink fuzzy tomatoes are the Peach, 3

and they are simply fine for preservesff

those large yellow ones you see are the

Golden Queen; they are not so sour as the

red. These large oblong tomatoes are

the Ponderosa; those large purple potato

leaf sort are the Mikado; they are very

nice, but a little late. These are Tucker’s L

Favorite; they are nice and bear well.

These last two kinds are the earliest.

Spark's Earliana is a little earlier than;

Burpee‘s Pink Beauty, but are not so

large and do not bear so well. We had“

ripe tomatoes the 13th of July, and hope

to have again this year.”



“\Vt-ll, you surely have a nice variety,"

said Mary. ,



“\Ve have our beets along by the to-‘

matoes and such other varieties as do,

not spread over the ground much," cou—

tinut-d John. “Here are the parsnips,

salsitl or vegetable oyster, string beans.

Lima beans.“ Here I just had to inter-

rupt John and speak a few words in favor

of the LillltlS.



“Mary, it you have never planted any,

of the bush Lima beans. be sure and do;

so next year; of course it is too late now,

if you cook them like you do sweet corn,

when out from the cob, you will want to

do like the little boy and the sweet corn

John told about; you will want to send

your dish back to 'have it filled again.” i



“This is Swiss-chard," continued John.

“It is very nice cooked like asparagus.

You see, we have several different kinds

of cabbage, but we like the Early \Vin-

nin‘s‘stead best, the worms do not bother

it SO lizltl."



”What do you do to keep the worms

off?" asked Mary.



“Well," answered John, “we use Paris

green with water; some object, but 1

cannot see the harm. Cabbage grows

from the center of the head and so we

do not put it on if it is “heading much.

Here are Brussels sprouts. We never

have very good luck with them, but we

do have niee cauliflower; we raise two

kinds, Burpt-e's fllest Early and the Dry

“’eather, (1111' or the other, if not both,





 





 





 





will be good.”



“Oh, I see where your muskmelon

patch is,” laughed Mary. “I have been

wondering it‘ you did not raise them its

well as watt-rmelons."



"You see,“ said John,

will mix with cut-unibers so much easier

than watermelons, and they do not spread ’

as bad as other vines, so we plant a run 5

thru the garden.”



“:lut where is your peanuts?”

Mary, who had been eating: some in the.

house and wanted to see how they grow.

John told her they \vt-re pvt-r farther“

and We would semi be around there.



“Here are the peppers; aren't they

pretty? There are live kinds, the (‘hinvse

Giant, New Celestial, Red Chili, Long," 1th,

(‘ayiinne and Fancy “'i'inklcd. \Vo only

put out a few of each. These are the

egg plants; last year they did not set

fruit until so late they did not do us any‘

good.” ‘



"Now, what is that?” cried Mary, point-

ing: to a vine that was new to il"l‘.



“It is called the \Vonder Berry,” said

John. “It is one of Luther llurbauk's

greatest creations; at least so the (-ata—

logs say. “’0 are anxious to see what it

will be. It was advertised so highly it

looks a little like the garden ‘huekleberry.

isn’t, for we didn’t care for

You know we like to try the

for sometimes we get some





“niusknielous





 





asked





i

l





I hope it

that much. 1

new novelties. l

kinds we like very much.” L



(Continued Next Week.) l





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





 





 





“fob . . ’ I /

gm ‘The Lesson '4-





u





,19/ oithe 1909

' ’ Wheat Crop





.1 in this country is; Not enough of the right kind

of wheat at the right time to get the right price.

The trouble is: wheat-sick lands. lands worn out

l ___ ' by continued cropping without fertilizing.

The remedy is: the right amount of the right kind

I . of fertilizer at_ the right time.

/ l . The right time is this Fall: the right amount is 200 to

. . 400le. to the acre: the right kind is 2-8-6.

If your commerual fertilizer contains 15:: than 6 percent. of

Potash, make it right by adding Muriate of Potash until

It contains 6 per cent. and you‘ll find that





'POTASH PAYS





Two pounds of Pot-sh added to each 100 pounds of fertilizer increases \

tthomh total one per cent.





Send for new Formen' Note Book—about soil. crops. manurcs and

fertilizers—a pranical book compiled by experts. Mailed on request. free.





GERMAN KALI WORKS. Monndnock Buildlng. Chicago

NEW YORK—93 Nassau SI. \\6 ATLANTA. 0A.—1224 Candler Bldg.





1/4 ,at.‘ “l





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 





«niiimiilimrit

Lillill'l'iiul’lllll”Wm





.....lllllllllllllllllllllhlllll





The True Temper Vegetable Scoop Fork

is a Labor Saving, Profitable Farm Investment





No farm can afford to overlook its convenience and profit. Especially

where large quantities of potatoes, corn, onions or sugar beets are handled.

Made with flat blunt ends so that it handles vegetables and fruits without bruising

them, and com without the points sticking into the cob. hen it picks up a load it

Screens out all the dirt or snow—think of this convenience especially in handling com

that has a fall of snow on top of it.

The scoop shape of this Fork holds a large load and carries it safely and easily.

You can handle a large load in the Vegetable Scoop Fork with less labor and back-

ache than you can a small load on a shovel. wooden scoop, wire scoop or any other

fork made. be perfectly balanced “hang" is responsible for this. Besides its

profitable use for handling vegetables and fruits, you Will find it the most useful

fork on your farm for dozens of other purposes such as handling lime and

cool gathering stones in the field, cleaning up the barn yard, etc., etc.

Highest quality throughout—a tool that will laut a lifetime— one you

can be prou o . It bears the True emper trade mark -thc sign of

tested and approved quality. placed there by the largest makers

of farm and garden hand tools in the world.

if you don‘t find the True Temper Vegetable Scoop Fork at any of your

dealers, write us direct, We will make it our business to see you are

supplied with the genuine.





American Fork & Hoe Co.





Executive Offices, Department L, Cleveland, 0.





 

 

 





PIIm ' L j i. em —.





 





 





. for It now.





 





Spread Manure with the Roller-Bearing, Light Draft





. SUCCESS SPREADER





Save half the labor both for yourself and horses and make the manure go twice as far as by hand spreading.

The Success pays for itself over and over again in increased fertility of the land. It‘s the spreadcr_ based on

experience. We’ve been building spreadcrs 31 years. It contains all the most valuable patented devices. The

only roller-bearing spreader. Light and strong. No gear wheels to break. Equipped with Wooden or metal wheels

as desired. Write us about the Success. Be sure you know the Success before you buy a Spreader.





Kemp 8L Bur-poo Mfg. Co.

, — - Syracuse, N. Y.





 





 





 

 





' 1 _ _ 2/ The Roller Bearings .,

i Eagles: ‘ One Horse Lighter Draft ‘ , /" A





 





 





 





SAVE





lllW TIMI





l“l‘heCost slime 0f Discing





You can by





SIZES:

lé-disc, 4 foot cut.

20-disc, 5 foot Cut.

24-(l'sc, 6 foot cut.

28-disc, 7 loot cut.

No other tillage implement

equals it in plowed ground,

corn stubble





Using an Imperial Flexible Frame

af~ Double Disc Harrow





‘.Hu





 

 

 

 

   

   

   

 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





 

 

 

 

 

 





A complete Foretruck Disc Harrow (out-throw) with a second

pair of disc sections (in-throw) attachedhy a. Jointed (mine. The

iorwartl sections cut the ground, throwing outward; the rear

Sections, following immediately after, work it again, throw-

ing back. leiving the surface level and. finely pulver-

ized. The Soil is better prepared for



seeding than with two workings of

an ordinary Disc. Light draft,

only four horses for 6 or

7-ioot sizes. The time

and labor cost of disc-

ing is reduced onc-

hali and the horse

pow e r practically

the same.





Try an 1111 or-

ial at our r 8k.





. , The Buchor

& Gibbs Flow 60.,

808 East Seventh St, Canton. Olil





 

 

 

 

 





 

 





 

 

 

 





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





See our nearest

dealer who will

put them out on trial—

no satisfaction, no sale.



It no imperial dealer near

you, write us for full

particulars.





 

 

 

 





 





 





1).





~ V ' Alfalfa? 13.3% 9





 





 





v “a.





   

 





 





‘fi.





. On a MoburoSpmddr

!- Y 'll ‘ M ‘

If on Let . o

This In lull a little nd—but a postal will bring‘ni III

look—Ind give you my $50.00 Saving Price and peclol

Proposition. You can save as much answering this little ad-

vertisement u I! it covered a page. , .

hMy Spresnder sltlvgly will dotbouet waknndlullonger

9 an any pro: erma e—no maa -,

tor what the rice—so why pay 350 F5?”

meter to. 00 lnrmon luv _

otnmpol "IOII' 0. K. on

my opuldor Ind mono

oovlno prloo. My Spec!

Proposition will Interest you.

Just a postal addressed to Gal-

loway oi Waterloo, Iowa. will

bring you everything postpaid.

Vllll You Pay o Penny For

‘l’llo Pool-l and In. 850.00?

Address Wm. Galloway. Pros.

WM. GALLOWIV 09. .

.4. Gallon. In. Wind”. Io.





 

 

   

 

     

 

   





 





 





Our DSIUFNSELF-





A N D 1 THREAD G. self-

" u p s E t eding one-horse ha-

- n I ssonly one on whlo





one man can do

all the work. First.





successful self-

threading d e -



vi 0 e , automatic

condenser increases re-

sults. Open side hopper.





Free trial. Write today

for Baler Book and prices.

ano. “TEL 00., Quinton“.





 





 





. ‘l‘llE uneasr AND olefin: or '" '





WELL DRILLING





MAC H I N E R in America. We





have been mak-

lng It for over 20 years. Do not buy until you

see our new Illustrated Catalogue No. 14. Send





It Is FREE





Austin Manufacturing 00., GhIcago





Pull Power I'Iay

Press, Easiest Work,





Handles M Ila):





a continuous travel, full circle. all steel press

with numerous "eXclusive advantages saving

money, time, labor. No step-overpitmau—no tricky

toggle-joints—no pile-driving rebound. No waste

power. Rocker Tucker—an eicluslve feature—turns

out Smooth Bales that pack well, sell better than

ragged bales. We also make best belt-power press

on market. Write for catalog and letters tron) users.

Wait. until you get word from us before you buy

any press. , - ;,.;.‘ ‘

Doin Manufacturing Company.

814 Vino St“ Ottumwn. Iow- g "





 





   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





 





 





   

 





 





 





Bolt Pbyu

HA‘V

PRESS





16 built both as on open feed hole and"con-

denser” hopper. Automatic block dropper.

Rapid. Strong, Simple. Fully guaranteed and

shipped to any responsible party In the U. S.

on It: merits. Write for catalog and prices to





The OHIO TRACTOR MFG. 00.. Marlon. O.





l“ c

U





 





 





 





 





   





   

   

   





The Baler for speed. Bales 12 to 18 tons a day.

Has 40 inch feed hole. Adapted to bank barn

work. Stands up to its work—no digging holes

for wheels, Self-feed Attachment increases

capacity. lessens labor, makes better bales and

does not increase draft. Send for catalogue. )





Sandwlh Mtg. $0., 140 mm St, Sandwich. Ills. .





 





i are positively guar-

Spencer s Hessian“... . o b .- . .3.

you a greater profit than any other horse

press or no sale and frei ht refunded. Sent

on 10 days’ trial. Write or -.

new catalog I) Describes all

styles and sizes. Please I

mention this paper.





 





 





 





 





 





3-STROKE SELF-,FEED minus.





fi'flfififljgg All smimi Iron



Twp M n can run II.

Thu All o-Fulan Ill! Pm: lip.

g 1511 VI. 12th St. ll. 0. Mo.

Auk for catalogue No. 11





 





 





 





(r





K





 

 

 





 

 





’