Z’Vw’ -//// r" '.. ,,,,, g ~ ~ AgflIl/LE PUBLISH [‘IDE wEEKL)’. /T@@K 7 zflx/fl/x/ /////,'// . / Ir //// jThe Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural and Live Stock Journal in the State. VOL. CXXXlll. No. 8 Whole Number 3465. DETROIT, MICH.. SATURDAY. AUGUST 21, 1909. 75 CENTS A YEAR “.50 THREE YEARS FARM NOTES. Potato Diseases. Several samples of potato vines showing evidence of disease have recently been sent in for “diagnosis," the growers fear- ing the destructive late blight. In every case thevtrouble appeared to be either early blight or the trouble commonly known as sun scald or tip burn. This is evidence of the more general interest which is undoubtedly prevalent among potato growers with regard to the dis- eases which attack this crop, and the possibility of preventing serious damage from them by the application of pre- ventive measures. No potato grower can be too familiar with the appearance pro- sented by the potato vines when attacked by any one of these common diseases, hence a brief discussion of their “symp- toms” will be profitable at this time. Early Blight. While quite destructiw-, this disease is not to be compared with late blight in its damaging effects. It is easily distin— guished from the latter by its different appearance. It is really a leaf blight, attacking the leaves and green stems. The first indication of its presence is the. appearance on the leaves of rather light brown spots, which soon become hard and brittle. The disease progresses iathetflslo-"ly, the spots gradually becom- ing larger, particularly near the edges of the leaves, and some of the dry, brittle portions will drop out, leaving a ragged appearance. The disease gradually pro- gresses until at the end of a month most of the leaves will become withered, dry and brittle, and while the stems remain green for a time the plants soon die for lack of nourishment. As this disease generally attacks the plants at about the - time the tubers commence to form, the crop is Often seriously damaged by it. The disease can be held in check by the application of Bordeaux mixture, as ad- vised for late blight, and at several ex- periment stations where experiments have been conducted to determine the profit, if any, from spraying it has been found that the increase in the yield as a result of checking the early blight and other lesser troubles, has more than re- paid the cost of thoro spraying, even where the late blight did not make an appearance in the unsprayed check plots. Tip Burn or Scald. is a disease which is sometimes early blight and is often This confused with ,at any present in the same fields. The edges of the tender leaves will wilt, turn brown and become hard and brittle, but the spots over the surface of the leaves which are characteristic of early blight are gen- erally lacking. This trouble. may occur time during the growth of the plants as a result of the peculiar weather conditions which are supposed to cause the trouble. Continued (lamp or rainy this condition causes a rapid evaporation of the moisture stored in the leaf cells. On an open soil, this evaporation may withdraw the moisture from the plants mo1e rapidlv th 1n the supply is furnished by the roots, and a continuation of this condition for any considerable length of time cause the tender pwrtion‘s of the plants to wtaken and die. Thus prac- tically the same effect is produced on the Scenes Which Made Life the Better Worth Living in One Rural Community. The accompanying cuts show a bun(h to do the spring plowing and planting for an unfortunate and old fashioned ‘bce’ neighbor who is suffering from a protrat ted illness. have since conducted nearly all th 1 work on his farm in a similar manner. bore" of Ottawa County farmexs who made The. same “bunch of neigh- Their example is worthy of emulation in any neighborhood where a similar op- portunity offers. weather, followed by clear, hot days are the conditions most favorable to its de- velopment. It is most apt to occur on soils that are not retentive of moisture, and the theory with regard to it is that the tissues of the plants become loaded with moisture in the damp Weather, and that the hot sun on the leaves when in vine as is the case in a protracted spell of dry weather on soils which are not retentive of moisture. L‘ke early blight, it is more apt to occur in fields where the growth of the plants has been checked ft r any reason, and their vigor conse- quently wcakencl. In this trouble, as with mOSt others which attack the po- tato, “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” The best way to pre— vent it is by increasing the humus in the soil, which will make it more retentive of moisture as Well as more fertile, by furnishing plrnty ef available plant food for the use of the growing crop, and by employing cultural methods which will keep the crop in a vigorous growing con- dition at all times. The application of Bordeaux mixture is said to have a bene- ticial effect in the minimizing of this trouble, but it should not be depended upon to the neglect of a proper prepara- tion of the soil or good cultural methods in growing the crop. Late Blight. true, blight of potatoes, I'tll, fronl its effects, at- plant, including leaves, The iirst appearance generally indicated by brown or nearly black areas on the leaves, which St em to be slightly! dc- pressed l:elow the surface of the healthy tissue. These diseased areas soon become soft and foul smelling, the odor emanat- ing from a Ill-1d of potatoes attacked by late blight being very noticeable and dis- agreeable. t'nder favorable conditions for the development of the spores, this disease progresses with surprising rapid- ity. A field that looks green and healthy today may be wilted and blackened on the morrow and the Vines dead within the Week. The rapid spread of this fungous disease in some cases is due to the pre- valence of the peculiar weather condi- tions under which the spores of the dis— ease germinate and multiply. Moisn Weather in which a daily mean or normal temperature of between 72 and 74 de— grecs F. prevails for any considerable time furnishes the best conditions for the growth and rapid spread of this parasitic The late, or also known as lacks the whole, stems and tubers. of the disease is fungus \Vherc the temperature rises much above 78 degrees for any length of time thc growth of the spores and con- sequently the progress of the disease is arrestel, and a like result follows any considerable fall in the temperature. This explains the varying degree of de- struction to the crop which accompanies the appearance of blight in different St‘tlStiIlS. Owing to the nature of this disease curative measures are impracticable, pre- vention by a germ proof covering of the vine which will make it impossible for the fungus germs or spores to gain a. foothold, being the only available safe- Heads from Two Varieties of Minnesota Spring Wheat Successfully Grown by a‘Saglnaw County Farmer. (See Spring Wheat for Michigan. on Page 126). 126 (2); ~ guard. Bordeaux ,mixture, which has been described so often that every reader is familiar with its composition, provides the material for this germ proof coating, and the modern mechanical spray fur- nishes the means of applying it. If the grower could forsee with accuracy just what kind of weather would prevail dur- ing' the growth of the crop, the problem of preventing damage from blight would be greatly simplified, but not possesing that. most desirable faculty, he has no other option than to be on the safe side by'spraying systematically or accept the alternative of taking the risk of the dam- age or loss of his crop. Since the experi- mental stations are a unit in the declara- tion that the spraying will pay, even when there is no late blight, an increas- ing number of farmers are each year tak- ing that precaution. Seeding Law Land to Grass. I have about five acres of land that overflows from the Grand river every spring, which I would like to get seeded to hay. I am raising corn on it this year. Would I get a crop of hay next year if I sowed the seed this fall and when would you advise me to sow it, before or after the last cultivation of the corn? What grasses can best stand over— flowing in the spring? W'ould alfalfa do? Ottawa Co. J. J. H. Alfalfa would not be at all suitable for use in seeding a permanent meadow on land that overflows for any length of time in spring. In fact, it will not do well in any land in which the water level is close to the surface. A much better mixture would be that of alsikc Clover. timothy, redtop and fowl meadow grass. While it might be practical to seed this mixture in standing,r corn, especially whcrc there is plenty of moisture, it is doubtful if as good results would be sc- curcd as by working the soil up thoroly after the soil dries off next spring, sow- ing a libcral quantity of this mixture without any other crop. However, if seeded any time in August under favorable conditions a fair stand might be secured by the methods Stu:— gestcd in this inquiry. If this method is used the soil should be cultivated shal- low both before and after the seed is sown for best results, llSillg a line tooth cultivator for the process. This method would have the decided advantage of saving a year’s time, for which reason it is worth a trial, and if a good stand is jHlL ,4c\—¢srg—a- it rpsrapdor'l next summer. at 4le ht) HARVESTING THE SECOND CUTTING OF" ALFALFA. “'0 have just finished drawing our second cutting of alfalfa, securing about seven tons of high class hay. This makes about 18 tons so far this season from about the 20th of last nine acres sown August. Not much to brag of; but when we consider that we are situated in the driest portion of a very dry county; and that the, plants'are not yet a year old, it is not so bad. \Yc began cutting the 4th of August and finished the 5th, bunch— ing and capping the 3111 and 6th, ’Saturday and Sunday were very drying scorchingr days. Then came a which would have been had the cocks not been chppcd. As it was, the hay was not hurt and dried out in nice. condition without the cocks bcing opened. I believe my hay caps have paid for themselves already this season. ’ Putting on the Caps. Puttingr on the caps is a simple matter, yet one may bccomc an expert at it. Have the caps on a stoneboat or hand- cart, or one may distribute them from a wagon by dropping a cap near each hunch as the wagon moves along. Take the cap by two corners, stand on the windward side of the cocks, give the cap a fling, hanging on to the, corners, and the weights straighten out the. sheet and it comes down nice and evenly over the hay and is the work of only an instant. ”almost sharp shower very damaging Taking Off the Caps. In taking off the cap grab it by the center with one hand and lift straight up. This causes the weights to swing in together so it may be laid lengthways on The man who does the. conveniently carry at least four of the caps as he goes from one cock to another, leaving them with the fifth, always taking hold of them in the center. This keeps them from tangling the weights and expeditcs the gathering of them in after the hay is drawn, Last night we had another fine shower and it. looks as if the drouth was broken for the present and I am in hopes to get still another cutting of alfalfa. “'0 are feeding the hay to our cows with good effect. They relish it and it the grouml. pitching can I . 'I‘HE MICHIGAN: FARMER certainly is a. great milk producing feed. I believe we Michigan farm'ers'will yet make a great success with alfalfa and with corn and alfalfa *we will solve the" feed problem very satisfactorily. Oakland Co. C. R. COOK. SOME POTATO AND BEAN ‘EXPE~ RIENCE. This season we have an eight acre field planted to late potatoes and half to white beans. W'e are not going to tell you what a nice field this is for it isn’t. but we want to tell why we think it isn’t, so if readers think we are right they can profit by the experience, and if not we should be glad to receive some sugges- tions on the subject. To begin with, the field was plowed and fitted between the heavy rains which We were having at that time. we could not work the corn and to gain time plowed this field rather wet, as it was nearly impossible to find more than a day at a. time when it was dry enough. After plowing there came a heavy rain, and we began fitting it a little heavy. It was in fair shape, however, but just as we were ready to mark another rain came. The harrowing was repeated, only to be wet down again. It was fitted for the third time and the potatoes and part of the beans planted on June 21 to 24, when another rain came, and it was not until June, 30 that we could finish planting the beans. \Yith so much working when the soil was rather full of moisture, the ground was too compact for potatoes and in places it was difilcult to get the hand planter in far enough. These more clayey places have not come well and the vines have not made a good growth, the best growth being on the higher and looser parts of the field. There is no question but that the soil was too compact, and that it would have been better if we had lit it alone until it was drier even if it was late. 'l‘hree varieties were plantedWCarman No. ll, Rural New Yorker, and Million lion-tr potato-s. At present the Rural New Yorkers are ahcad, il‘ growth is judgtd by the size of the vines. The Mil- liin Dollar are next, and the Carman have made the pom-est growth of all, altho a part of this Seed has been se- Ii‘('lt‘tl by tile iiiii IllL'tIlllLI for LIII'UU guns. A gentleman from an adjoining County tells me that he can It” his selected seed front other seed of the same. variety by the more vigorous growth of the rows. .1 cont'css i am unable to do this in this iicld, but it may show up in the yield. On the higher spots the Rural New Yorktr vines nearly cov:r the ground, and there are all sages from this to small vines which will hardly amount to much. It seems to me an object lesson that potatoes must have mellow soil to do their I)"St. As for the beans they are more uneven than the potatoes. Just as soon as they were up the striped flea beetles began to eat the young leaves and persisted until little was left but the s1alks. On July 10 we rcplatcd about half of the hills but they still persisted and ate the rcplantcd Stalks. The experiment station could give no advice as to how to fight them. Spraying was hardly practical, as there was hardly anything to spray as the beetles began as soon as the buds opened They finally left, howchr, as suddenly as thcy came, but they left a very spot- tcd lit-1d of leans. It is said that these beetlss do not work when rains are plcnt't‘ul and it is probable that they would not do so much damage to beans planttd earlier. lint for the beetles there would have been a good stand of beans, as the, untouched hills testify. These are discouragemcnts that the farmer must take with a good temper, and corsole himswlf with the thot that he could not help it. Perhaps these crops will “pay for their keep" and leave the ficld in good condition for wheat or oats. Calhoun Co. S. B. H. SOME EXPERIMENTS IN PLOWING. I would like space to experiments in plowing. For wheat last fall most of the ground was plowed a good depth, but a small strip was plowed shallow. The shallow plowing resulted in the heaviest wheat and the best yield. Again. in plowing for oats last spring a little, was plowed to a good depth, an— other portion medium and a third shal- mcntion a few low. Result, the deepest plowing made the heaviest and best oats, while for corn the shallowest plowing gives the best yield. Lapeer Co. M. A. CRAWFORD. If SPRING WHEAT FOR MICHIGAN. Your inquiry in regard to my success with spring wheat this year is received. I selected some heads of spring wheat from my field today and send under sep- arate cover (see first page illustration).‘ One kind, the light colored sample, is the Minnesota, No. 169. The other variety is another spring wheat which I have grown for four seasons. The Minnesota No. 169, has larger heads but did not seem to do as well as the other kind. I think after it has been raised for several seasons in our climate it would do better. The other variety looks promising as it stands in the field. I have between five and six acres of spring wheat now ready for the harvest. Altho my spring wheat did well last year and looks promising this year I do not wish you to think that I expect spring wheat to take the place of winter wheat. I do not expect it. to yield as well, prob- ably not more than 15 to 22 bushels per acre, but in growing it we do not have. the winter killing, so troublesome with winter wheat, to contend with and I think we ought to raise some spring wheat in Michigan to mix with winter wheat for making flour and not have to depend altogether on the northwost for it, as the millers now have to for blend- ing purposes. Last year I sold my sur- plus to a local milling company at $1.15 per bushel. “'intcr wheat at the time was selling at $1.12. It tested 61 lbs. per bushel and was said by the millers to he very hard, altho they thot it was not quite as good as western spring wheat. I had five bushels more by weight than by hrcshcrs' measure. I believe that Michigan farmers ought to grow more spring wheat for the rea- sons above notcd. YVe are trying cow peas, soy beans and alfalfa in this state with fair results, but I remember the time -when a man who advocated the growing of cow peas in Michigan was laughed at in a farmer’s institute which I attended some 12 years ago. Perhaps it will be the same with spring wheat. Saginaw Co. J. S. Grain and flour receipts during June at the four leading Atlantic seaports totaled 8,951,111 bushels, compared with 11,375,318 and 16,868,093 bushels recorded for June, 1909 and 1907. The losses are mainly accounted for by the partial check m lam ml. m *‘ mule lea-r . sauna-Elm Our rocker tucker (nothing like iton any other Press) folds eve? feed so that Dam made bales pack cloae m cars. .' he Pull Power eature saves 'Tune W , Moneg, Increases capacity. Dain Pull Is simp- lest, .trpngest Hay Press made. No com licamd toggleiolnts to m:- and make trouble. No le- sbme Pitman for team to step over. No waste power and rebound like a pile driver. know why it turns out most perfect bales, is 11 htest running, fastestbaling Press made. Our Free Book proves its supenonty—send for it today DAIR MANUFACTURING COMPANY B l 4 VIII. 8th.! 0 Oflumwn. Iowa We want on to ' Belt Power is built both as an open feed hole and"con- denser" hopper. Automtlc block dropper. Rapid. Strong, Simple. Fully guaranteed and shipped to any responsible party in the U. B. on its merits. Write for catalog and prices- to Tho OHIO TRACTOR MFG. 00.. Marlon, O. IIIIMIPIIIII 0F : IMY BALEIIS T Hus Condensing Hopper. Friction Clutches, Double Gears; onl'y Ielt feeder independ- ent of plunger. Many other ex- clualva features. 3 T0 6 TONS PER HOUR; FAMOUS MPG. (30., 52 Ave. A, East Chicago, Ind. - _ Boonie—FREE Sample and Book explaining all about roofing, how to se cure the HIGHEST QUAL- Y at a. very low price. New selling plan that will interest you. Let us have a letter or postal from you. "Do It now.” HOME MFG. 85 SUPPLY CO.,.Detrolt. ROYAL. .N, (If tho pvpnr-t r‘nnvamnnf r'nnenfl h,v tha prevailing high prices. especially of wheat. The June receipts of wheat at these markets were 1.494.588 bushels, compared with 2,772,547 bushels reported for June, 1908. The flour receipts were 870,248 barrels, compared with 1.061.102 barrels reported during June of the pre- vious year. Similar decreases appear under the head of other breadstuffs. The six months’ figures. 68.381.099 bushels, show an 18 and 45 per cent loss as com- pared with analogous 1908 and 1907 fig- ures. Seager Engine Works Succeeds the Olds ‘ Gas Power Co. An important change in the name of one of the largest manufacturers of agri- cultural engines in the world is an- nounced for the Olds Gas Power Co., of Lansing, Mich., makers of the famous Olds gasoline engines, which is now the Seager Engine Works. Mr. Olds has not been connected with this institution for a number of years, and the management has been entirely in the hands of the Seager-s. There is no change whatever in the management or personnel of the officers. .1, H. Seager is president: F. L. Smith, vice—president: .l. B. Seager. gen- eral manager; S. F. Seager, secretary and treasurer, with the same board of 'dircc— tors as heretofore. The capital stock of the company has, however, been increased from $61.11:th to $1.5ooooo to enable this successful company to keep pace with the incrcasing demand for their goods. Corn Harvesting Machines as Related to Full Corn Crop Values. There is a class of farm machines which, we are persuaded. do not receive the attention they deserve. “'e refer to the corn harvesting machines and ma- chaines for getting greater value out of the. fodder part of the crop. The corn binder, several styles of which are man- ufactured by the International Harvester Company. has been brot to a high state of perfection. It should be in much more general use. than it is today. It is a great labor saver. It facilitates the work. It enables corn raisers to cut and shock all their corn'within the very few days when all the nutritious elements can be preserved. It must not be forgotten that there is a “psychological moment" for cutting corn. Take your corn when it is just right, when stalk, leaf and blade are full of sweet, nutritious juices, and be- fore it has begun to degenerate into a woody fibre, and you have a feed that; is almost as good as the best upland.l hay. That is the time when corn should‘ be cut. The extra feeding value more than repays for doing the work quickly. \Ve think it cannot be denied that a better acquaintance with these machines will add very largely to the net profits that farmers are now receiving for their corn crops. There are thousands now in use but the use should be still more gen— eral. Any one who wants to do some figuring on present corn crop values and: how to increase them.will find some veryi interesting books on these machines with almost any International local agent. Hydrated or crushed AGRICULTURAL LIME is the strongest Lime in Ohio, and greatly benefits the soil. Same is put up in pack» ages easy to handle. Itis ready for the drill. Experimental Stations advocate its use. Write or wire us for prices for fall seeding. Made only by SOIOTO LIME 8: STONE 00., Delaware. 0. AGRICULTURAL LIME Prices and information furnished on application. The Woodvillo Lime 8- Cement 60., ‘ Toledo, Ohio. , FULTZ WHEAT Best Milling Variety, Good Yielder, Sure Cropper. Our crop pure and carefully prepared for sowing. Also Poole. Mammoth White Rye, New Crop Tim- othy. VVrlte for samples. circulars. prices. The 0. C. Shepard Co... 20 B St., Medlnu. 0. SEE D WHEAT; GYPSY, bearded highest yielder at Ohio Experiment Station. Poole, smooth. next highest yielder at the Station. Fultz, smooth. the old reliable standard. This wheat is grown entirely on our own farms, by our selves eSpeclnlly for seed purposes. It is recleaned free from all foul seeds and put up In new bags. Price in lots of 10 bu. or over $1.50 per bu.; less amounts 01.60 F. O. B. Medina. Our orders always exceed our supply so order early and avoid disap- pointment. Free samples. C. B. ABBOTT & SONS. Chippewa Luke, 0. —The New Malak if 62 BIISIWIS POI“ ‘cre and Turkish Hedo— two hardiest varieties. surest croppers and biggest yielders: made world’s record. Samples, prices and descriptive circulars FREE. Mention this paper, Address RATEKIN'S SEED HOUSE. Shenandoah, Iowa. SEED WHEAT! 400 acres. Grown especially for seed purposes in the wheat belt of Lancaster 00.. Pa. Return of seed allowed and money refunded if not satisfact- ory. The best varieties smooth and bearded. I issue a. neat circular. It is free but you must ask for It. A. H. HOFFIIIAN, Balnford. Pennsylvania. ONES LONGBERRY WHEAT—pure clean seed 81.25 per bu.; best bags to hold 2% bushels 20 cents each. J. W. CHAPIN. Eden. Ingham 00., Mich. SHHDWHEAE A limited amount of White Winter Wheat. grown especially for seed. The best we have ever pro- duced. Now ready for delivery. Price, $1.25 per bu.; bags extra. Send for sample. WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionic. Mich. MEALY VIIIEAT FOII SALE—351‘: “$251353 grown. COLON C. LILLID, Coopersvllle..Mlch. + , .5" yarn—.41.... .- _m-‘ ~,_..______,._,. . .. x1“). ‘1. on.“ My%-_ __1. y __..._._..._,.. 1 .a -k‘k‘)‘ .. _... __ .—4-—- f‘m-v‘ .3.-. AUGUST 21, 1909. WYYVYYVVYVYYVVVYVVYW ‘* LIVE STOCK ALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA MAAAA ' el‘S. BREEDERS’ PROBLEMS. Culling the Flock. Notwithstanding the occasional fads which affect the breeding business, and regardless of the methods which some breeders claim to follow with success, the first principle of success for the average breeder and farmer is the careful selec— tion of his breeding stock, and in no de- partment of live stock breeding is this task more difficult or the effects of judi- cious selection more noticeable than with sheep. The sharp of today is truly a dual purpose animal, and the breeding stock should be selected with a view to a maximum production of both wool and mutton. No matter what the breed, or whether they are pure~brcds 0r grades, this fact applies with equal force, and makes the process of selection a more difficult and discriminating one, even with the grade flock, while with the breeder of pure—bred stock it is still more difficult for the reason that breed type and characteristics must also be taken into consideration. But the successful breeder of grade sheep should not consider him- self as free from the consideration’ot this point in the culling of his flock, for the reason that adherence to a certain type which will insure uniformity in the flock, and consequently in' the wool clip and the lambs, will add not a little to the profit which may be derived from this department of farm production. The brccder or farmer who has the material from which to select and the ability to cull for all of these points at one time is indeed fortunate, but most sheep owners will not be so situated. In this evcnt, the particular linc of produc- considcrcd of the most importance should receive first attention. In mest cases in Michigan this will be the production of a good lamb crop, and all ewes that are not good producers in this respect should be rejected from the flock. This means, of course, that all ewes that show a marked lack of thrift which indicates a diseased condition, or lm'fii’ithardinessp should be the first to be rejected. Then the the amle raiscd by the ewes should be, takcn tion which is quality of into considcration. Gent-rally spcak‘ng, the ewe which shows evidence of having maintained a good milk flow up to wean— ing time will be satisfactory in this re- spect, but it is a good plan to identify the lamb at the time or before it is weaned, since a e\ve of rather poor type and appearance will often rcar a lamb of excellent individuality if bred to a prepotent ram, and will prove more val- uable in the breeding flock than an ap— parently much better individual that may not be as good a producer. Here the brecder of pure—bred sheep has the ad- vantage of the average sheepowncr in that he can identify the progeny of any ewe, and thus the better judge of her value as a producer. but the observing ilockmaster should at least make a note of the poor producers and mark them for identification later if he can not identify them without that precaution. While the matter of wool production is an important one, as above noted, it should generally be held as of secondary importance, in the culling of the flock for improvement. The, good producer should not be sacrificed because she shears only a moderate fleece, unless there is a surplus of good producers in the flock. For this reason it is the writ— ci"s opinion that this point should be held in abeyance until such time as the breeder has a flock of sufficient numbers so that he can afford to discard cvcry female that does not come up to a certain stand- ard of wool production. no matter how good an individual or how prolific a pro- ducer she may be. Another mistake that many sheep own- ers make is in culling too much with regard to the age of the individuals. Many seem to think that it is only the young animals that should be kept, and that the older ewes should be disposed of regardless of their quality as produc- lint where this rule is rigidly ad— hered to, rapid improvement in the qual— ity of the flock as a whole is generally sacrificed. As a rulefthe old ewes are better producers than the younger ones, and where they have demonstrated their ability in this direction it is a mistake to sacrifice them for a young and untried substitute. One of the most profitable individuals which the writer ever had in his flock of pure-bred sheep was pur- chased when seven years old. She was THE ‘ MICHIGAN FARMER. retained for four years and then sold to another breeder because of what she had demonstrated herself capable of doing as a producer, and he kept her for two to the writer’s years more with profit, knowledge' This, of course, was an ex— ceptional case, but it is mentioned as an illustration of the fact; that it is poor policy to dispose of an exceptionally good producer at four or five years of age as is the common practice. Of course, where the younger ewes have demonstrated their ability, they should be retained and the older ones disposed of, but the age rule is a poor one to follow rigidly in culling the flock. Appearances are often deceitful in the flock of breeding ewes as in other things, and the man who attempts to cull the flock without first carefully studying the characteristics of the individuals in the flock is sure to make as great a mistake as the man who decides any other matter from the stand— point of appearances alone. If the sheep breeder is to make a maximum of profit from the flock he must cull it with intel- ligent care, and there is not better time to determine which ewes to keep and which to dispose of than at or before the time when the lambs are weaned. PIG PRODUCTION FOR THE GENERAL FARMER_ . Early Maturity Reduces Cost of Produc- tion. To make a succeSS of producing fancy pig pork we must have early maturing pigs and keep them growing rapidly from birth to maturity. Every week that a pig is not making a gain in weight the feed is wo.se than wasted, because it takcs considcrablc time to overcomc tho unthrifty habit, and all food is lost until growth resumes again. It is thus evident that if We produce this pig pork at a profit we must feed for unremitting glowth from birth until they are ready to inarkct. ’l‘hc sccrct of success in growing early maturing hogs depends not so much upon tllc brccd, altho the brccd has a good deal to do with it, as upon libcral feeding and good \Vhilc I do not favor any particular breed, yct’ I have had very good success by crossing a sow of one of" the large breeds with an Essex boar. for feeding for pig- lion-l: that is adapted to our bout- crn markets. I would not want the pigs that came from thcsc cross-bred animals, but would want them from the first cross of the pure-bred sires and dams. I have found it a dccidcd advantage to use sows from the large breed and males from the small breed, in order that the young pigs may secure bcttcr growth and nourishment before they are taken from their dam. By the first cross I bclicvc that we get more vigor and quicker growth than with the purc-brcds or common grades, for we gct the great digestive powers of the large breed in the body of the small, refined. quickly fattening hog. It enables them to con- sume an increased amount of food and lessens the demand upon it to sustain life, and grcatcr and more rapid gains are made in the formation of flesh. Spring Litters Best for Fancy Pig Pork Growing. While I do not wish to convey the im- pression that fall litters are always un— profitable, yet where pigs are used as an adjunct to the dairy, I believe that spring litters will prove more profitable. \\'hen We lose these early spring litters we lose the profits of the season, and we cannot replace them the same season, so we must take the utmost pains to save these litters. With plenty of skiinmiilk it is an easy matter to get these litters on the road to rapid gains, I have found that the best way to make sure of saving thcse early litters is to begin by feeding the brood sows a proper diet four months before the pigs ('ill'('. {11‘0 born. I think that breeding sows should have just as good care and kind treat— ment as the host cow We have in the dairy. The general farmer breeds hogs upon one principle. and that is luck. If he saves a lot of pigs in the spring he has good luck. If he has a lot of pigs farrowcd and the sow loses a large num— ber. he has bad luck. This kind of inan— agcment won’t do when we are produc- ing fancy pig pork. The sow should be fed warm feed during the winter. good, wholesome food, not corn, but wheat” middlings, ground oats, roots and clover and we will have what is termed good luck. Son's that are fed on corn and too highly concentrated food during the time they are with pig, are quite sure to have trouble at farrowing time and we need not wonder if they run after their pigs and chase them into a corner, or even turn upon them and devour them. It is only by feeding the sows under the right conditions that this trouble can be avoided. If the sow has a caked udder it: gives her a lot of pain and we cannot blame her for being restless and not laying quiet and allowing the pigs to suck. W'hen we have a few choice sows we should be acquainted with them and have them trained so that we may be sure of saving practically all of the vig- orous pigs that are farrowed. Breed Only from Well Matured Sires and Dams. It is a great mistake to use immature breeding stock. I would rather have one litter of strong, well developed pigs from a good sized sow than two litters from an undersized, immature sow that was not capable of properly nourishing her pigs up to weaning time. The drains on a sow while nursing a litter of pigs are severe and the sow that has one or two hundred pounds of flesh in reserve is more certain to properly nourish her lit- ter than the younger sow. Remember that a good breeding sow will give as much milk as your best cow, and feed her according to her nccds. A good litter of pigs will weigh about 15 to 20 pounds at birth and when they are ready to wean they will often outweigh their dam, and practically all of this gain must come from the milk of the. dam. This shows that she needs plenty of good, wholesome food. The sow that is bred before she. has reached a fair ma~ turity cannot raise good young because she is growing herself, therefore, I say. let us rctain only the well developed, good sized sows for breeding purposes. Sonic writers for the farm press, and sonic Institute men. advocate breeding young sows so that we may intensify the habit of early maturity, but those men sccm to forget that closely connected with early maturity is that of carly dc- cay, or, in otbcr words, that there is'sure to be a dccrcase in vigor. I believe in early maturity but it is the kind that comcs by f'ccding good sized, healthy pigs on a well balanced ration, adapted to thcir nccds at thc various stages of their growth and not by reducing the sizc and constitution of the breeding stock. Forage an Important Factor in Economi- cal Pork Growina \Vith the prcscnt high prices of grain and mill—feed it is csscntial that we excr- cisc strict economy in feeding the grow- ing pigs and also in maintaining the brood sows during the timc they are not nursing a litter. \Vith the same as with othcr animals, food will produce results only when propcrly balanccd so that it will nourish all parts of the grow- ing animal, and it also tcnds to improve the appctitc of the hog and make a bet hogs, tcr duality of pork than when one kind of food is uscd. The hog that is fed a ration composed largely of dairy by-pro. ducts, forage and finished with grain, makes the very best kind of pork. It is well marblcd with fat and lean, thus insuring hams that are well supplying the fancy trade. A coarse, fat ham is not the type the fancy markets demand after people haVc bccomc accus» tomcd to fine grained, wcll marblcd hams that arc produced by fccding a well bal- anced ration of dairy and forage and finished with A well planncd system of forage crops for a herd of swine will reduce the cost of production from 30 to Ill) per ccnt for the wholc ycar. The size of must be dctcrmincd by the and the number of hogs that being grown. I like plenty of room so that pigs of the same agc and size may be kept together. \th11 scparatcd in this manner they grow -bctter, fccd bet— adapted to by—products grain. Iltlr‘llli'cs kind of for- :lgc are tci' and look bcttcr. than when pigs of all ages and sich arc, allowcd thc run of one yard or pasture. Plan your system of foi'agc crops so that you will not be (lt'pt‘llthlll upon any one, crop at any time (lifting the pasture season, or you will have an abundance of succulent feed at certain tiincs and none at other timcs. Among the forage crops that I have found bcst adapted to climate are rye, clover, alfalfa. cowpcas, common ficld peas, sweet corn and rapes. Oats and barley are very good to in some mixturcs. Cow-peas are better adapted southern latitude but i have raised cxcc'llent cow-peas in this state. These forage, and pasture crops may be sowed at various times so that some of them will be available at all times from early in the spring until late in the fall. All men who grow hogs should not be slow to investigate the legumes, especially al— falfa. for they are highly nitrogeneous foods and can be grown with great bene— (llll‘ USO, to it All harness leather needs an occasional oiling and blacking, and E U R E KA Harness Oil is best for the purpose. There is no acid quality about it and it cannot become rancid. “Eureka” penetrates deep into the leather and stay: there to resist the rotting effects of wet and weather. Use Eureka Harness Oil. STANDARD 0". COMPANY, (Incorporated) m HARBOWING ATTAGHMENT FREE We are going to give one of these HarrowingAttnch- ments absolutely free to one farmer in each neigh- borhood. \Vrlte us AT ONCE for the particulars. This is a straight busi- ness proposition. We sellnll our im- plements direct to the farmers. We ‘ depend on them making more sales on their merits. Just now we are makings. specialty of these Har- rowing Attachments, and we want to sell thousands of them this fall. One in use will sellmauy others; so we wantono in each neighborhood to show farm- ers what it will do. Do you want one now with- out a cent of cost; to If so, write us to-day. Just a. » ’ postal card request . for particulars. American Plow Co. l~~\ ' 2344Fair0aksAve. “ .‘ adison, Wis. ‘ " FREIGHT l 5 PREPAID Steam Power For Farm Use Best because sure, cheap, safe. easily understood, works in all weathers. Nocoaxing‘or annoyance with a {Fl LEFFEL ENGINE It’s a willing servant. You are master. Always dependable. Styles and sizes for all uses. Book free. Sendnow. James Leffel & Co. Box 230. Springfield, 0. GREA T PROFITS FROM THE cuEA PEST FEED ~ The Saginaw Silo utilizes every - hit of the corn stalk, gets the full feeding value of clover and alfal- fa and makes a. winter feed equal to June grass and superior to dry feed. The cost of producing silage in the SAGINA W SILO is so alight: that it pays for itself in a season. It. gets the utmost from cows and steers. At half the cost for feed. Silage in fed with success to horses, sheep, swine and chickens. The Saginaw Silois making farmers rich. Write today for free book. FARMERS HANDY WAGON 00. Box 04, Des Moinen, Ia. Saginaw. Mich. BIG BOOK ABOUT IT FREE Siiclmey GasolineEngines ARE THE BEST Wk]? Because of the outside igniter, modern open cooling system, straight. line valve motion and ball-bearing gov- “ ernor. Thousandsinsuccessfulop- oration because of our years of experience in building the best. Seven sizes: llmfto 16 H.1’. bend for our Free Catalog and our Catechism telling fifty-seven reasons why stlcknoy Ell- (lnos are the Best. Agents everywhere sell them. .Charles AStickney Company MAIN OFFICE G FACTORY SIPAUL. MINN. n.2ttféi‘it'. BLIZZARD l Sold on merit backed by 38 years' success. Proved strongest, most. durable, smoothest running. Cuts green or dry feed and ele- vates any height. Knives adjustable at to. Perfected construction through- out. Mounted or unmounted. Ask for free book, "Why Silage Pays " Jos. Dick Mfg. Co. 1439 W.Tu|cnnwu St. Canton, Ohio l Always mention the Michigan Farmer I when writing to advertisers. 128 to .fit to the soil. When a. green crop is being pastured we often find that it is growing too fast for the hogs, and plow it under to fertilize the soil. This, to- gether with the dropping from the hogs, will greatly improvo the productivity of a very thin soil. In fact, I know of no better way of improving poor soil than by utilizing it for hog pasture and plow- ing under legumes. Some writers claim too much for forage as a hog feed. I have lived in the alfalfa growing sections of Kansas and I have had a. few years’ experience with hogs and alfalfa, and I do not believe that good pigs can be raised on alfalfa alone unless it is sup- plemented with otherfoods, such as corn and mill-feed. I have known a number who have tried forage crops alone but their pigs were not promising when it came time to put them into the fattening \yards. Feed Only Clean and Wholesome Food. The old sour swill barrel that is found at many farmers’ back' doors, is the direct cause of more pigs being off their feed than any one thing connected with growing pigs. Remember, that the hog is an animal with a very small stomach and that he digests his food very rap- idly and consumes the greatest amount of food in a short time. Therefore, if he gives the greatest returns he must have something to assist his digestive organs. For this purpose I have found salt and charcoal the best thing that can be used. Put it where they may have access to it at all times. Provide plenty of trof room and construct the trofs so that the pigs can eat without getting in all over. Keep the trofs sweet and clean and do not allow any old food to accumulate and sour after the pigs have eaten their reg- ular meals. Give good dry houses and keep the nests clean and sanitary for pigs that Slccp in filthy, damp nests and become covwed with lice and vermin will not thrive. The old saying that farm stock is what we make it, is perhaps more true when applied to the pig than to any other animal. He will stand more neglect and abuse, and at the same time he will respond to good care and treat- ment faster than any other farm-animal. New York. W. MILTON KELLY. 4 ~ VETERINAR “3 WWW CONDUCTED RY DR. W. C. FAIR, CLEVELAND OHIO. Advice thru this department is free to our subscribers. Each communication should state history and symptoms of the case in full; also name and address of writer. Initials only will be published. Many queries are answered that apply to the same ailments. If this column is watched carefully you will probably find the desired information in a reply that has been made to some one else. Pneumonia. I shall be glad to know what ails my suckling pigs and how to cure them? At iii-st they seem to have a hard cold, sneezing a great deal, their breathing seems difficult shortly after they get sick they must have fever for they frequently leave the sow and go down to a small brook and stand in the walcr for an hour. They are very thirsty, lmdicS dlliio hot. At first i l‘cd lllc sows buttcrmilk and middlings, but when the pigs coiiimcnccd to die I cut out the but- termilk and am now feeding skimmed milk with middlings and give each sow a tablespoonful of stock food at a dose, twice a day. These sows have the range of a meadow and a small piccc of rape, but I scc that there are four more of the pigs showing the first symptoms of the disease. (‘. \V. 11., Durand, Micli.~r I am inclined to believe that your pigs take cold. thcn their lungs become affected with a congestion followed by pneumonia. Good care and keeping the pigs in it cool dry place will have as much to do with their getting well as giving them drugs. They are too youngr to incdicatc; how- cvcr, i suggest that you rub tlicii' throats and sides with mustard and watcr twice a day for two or three davs and give them each one drop tincture aconitc; if they are \‘cry small one—half drop will be plenty. This will reduce their fever and instead of lctting them stand in the water eithcr sponge them in cold water or ap~ ply one part alcohol and two parts warm water—this will rcducc- their fever. Stomach \\'orms.n¥\'ll will find it at lcast as pro— .luctivc if not morc so than I did.” This man has a largo farm, wcll stockcd and cquippcd. llc is :i farmcr by instinct, training and ctlucation. He has bccn in thc businch all his lit'c and is in it to stay, but his busincss capacity is slll'll that a good dcal of his timc is dcmandcd in thc managcmcnt of othcr busincss cntcrpriScs, so that he cannot livc on his farm, altho hc givcs its mun- agcmcnt his pcrsonal attcntion. In fact, his rclution to his farm is practically the same as are his rclalions to thc othcr liucs of busincss in which he is iutcr— cstcd. cxccpt that, it holds a grcatcr intcrcst and attraction for him, as is indicatc-d by tho cxprcasion quoted. Upon bcing uucstioncd as to his ideas of profitablc farming this man said that his farm, stock and cquipmcnt inventoricd at about $30,000, and that ho thot an aavcragc iict incomc of $3 500 pcr year would be as low a, figure as would conform to his idca of profitable agriculture. as it would pay a fair rate of interest on the invcstment, and pay him only a reasonable amount for the limo, thot and effort put into its man- agement. ubovc Surely. this is e. worthy ambition, and» from what we know or the gentleman’s. success in farming we believe that he will not only attain it, but that his suc- cess will be a most valuable object les- son to Others. There are many who will say, “Oh, yes, it may be possible for him to make farming pay on this basis, with his large capital. That kind of farming is easy beside the kind which I have to practice. He has had a better chance than most of us.” Yet this same man. like hundreds of others of our best and most prosperous farmers, has been thru the same experiences and overcome the same hardships to which the class men- tioned succumb as- “their lot.” But in farming, as in every other business or profession, “there is plenty of room at the top,” and the man whom highest ambition is to make farming pay will make it pay, not only from a financial standpoint, but in that full enjoyment of life which can be realized only in the gratification of a worthy ambition. Here is profitable food for thot on the part of cvcry farmer, whether he is practicing general or special farming either on a large or a small scale. In attempting to make farming thus profitable on a large scale, this man has laid out for himself a harder task than the man who at- tempts to do the same thing on a small scale. In fact, it is only the man who has dcmonstratcd his ability to succeed in any undertaking in a small way who is qualified to Stu-coed on a larger scale. Thcrc are hundreds of examples in which it has been dcmonstraicd that the small farm on which sonic line of farming has been highly spccializcd has been made to yield an incomc almost past the belief of thc avcragc man, and that even when dcvotcd to some specialty to which a i-onsidcrable area of land is generally conccdcd to be indispensable. An am- bition such as was expressed by this man will give any of us a kcener interest in our work and a more wholesome enjoy- ment of our succcsscs, while our failures will only prove blesisngs in disguise, stimulating us to further efforts and adding to the sum of our knowledge which will makc for success. An ambi- tion to make farming’pay; pay in dollars. and cents which will make possible the cnjoymcnt of thc comforts and some of tlic luxuries which make life the better worth living; pay in the Wholesome home life and training for the children of the family, and pay in the satisfaction ‘Of a good work well done, which will be a ahclpful object lcsson t0 othcrs, is cer- tainly a worthy ambition, and one which will make the man who cutcrtains it a bcttcr man and a bcttcr citizcn. \K'ith lcss than two Prepare For the wccks intcrvcning bc- State Fair. forc thc running of the Statc Fair, those who would avail thcmsclvcs of the opportu- nity to attcnd this loading agricultural Show of Michigan should bc making their plans and preparations to that cud. 3ut with little morc than a wcck intervening bcfore the date at which cntrics may be made will have passed, those who would avail thcmsclvos of the opportunity of making compctitivc exhibits of any kind must act at oncc. In previous issues we havi- citcd sonic of thc many benefits which would accrue to any Michigan i'armcr from making an exhibit of some of thc products of his farm at the State Fair, as wcll as at the losscr agricuh tural shows to bc hold in the state during thc coming fair season. “'ith an ap- purcnt rculization of the hood of a more rcprcsu-ntativc cxhibit of farm products at this great fair, the Officers and direct- ors of the State Agricultural Socicty havc this year rcviscd the State Fair pri-ininm list, in-so-far as it pertains to gcnci'al farm products, along liberal linOS. From thrcc to six libcral cash premiums arc hung up in with of thcsc classcs. and in most of thcni tho profcssional exhib- lloi‘ is barrcd, as in the classes for mis~ (-t'lldnvmtls for-ago plants in stalk and in hcud. This fact, togctlicr with the fact that tho prcparation of an exhibit of this kind docs not cntail the work and cx~ pcnsc incidcut to the preparation of live stock for cxhibition, should lcud to more gcncral cntrics of the common farm pro- ducts, including grains, sccds, forage plants, vcgctablcs, ctc., than has ever bccn sccn at an agricultural fair in Mich- igan. By acting upon this suggestion thosc who avail themselves of the oppor- tunity will not only help to show all the people who attend the State Fair what the farms of the state are capable of producing in these lines, but will at the same time reap the unquestioned benefit of the opportunity to compare their own with other products of the kind grown THE fMIcrirGAN FARMER- n" in‘ different sections, pf ‘the state. and of comparing the different eXhibits from the standpoint Of ' vari'e'ty and general excellence. The interest promoted by a personal exhibit will stimulate any farmer in the state. to get more out or the State Fair in an educational way than would otherwise be possible. Aside) from this advantage, and the other educational features which have been mentioned in previous comments on the desirability of attending the State Fair, the entertainment features of the better class will prove a strong induce. ment to many to attend this great agri- cultural show. To those who are inter- ested in good horses. the race which is billed between Dan Patch, the champion light harness horse of the world, and Minor Hcir, also owned by M. XV. Sav- age, proprictor of International Stock Farm, of Minneapolis, Minnesota. and a horse that promises to equal Dan Patch’s wonderful specd, will be the premier attraction, while the special horse show which will be inauyurutcd this year for the first time will prove a close second. The daily races between two air ships will provide the best pos- sible cntcrtainmcnt for the childrcn as well as for their parents and other enter- tainmcnt features with which fair patrons are familiar will add to the general cu- joymcnt to be derived from attending. The comfort of fair patrons has bccn bettcr provided for this ycar than cvcr before in the laying of several thousand fcct of ncw ccmcut walks, while ‘cports indicate that the cxhibits in cvcry dc- partmcnt will be rtprcscntativc of the statc's bust proiucts. The ability 01‘ Detroit to house and feed all comorS, which has been so fully demonstrated as to admit of no doubt, removes this prob- lem from the serious consideration of prospective fair patrons, so that thcrc is every reason to expcct that the attcnd- uncc at the State Fair will be largcr this ycar than t‘VlI‘ bzxforc. The Michigan Farmer will have a tint on the grounds as usual, at which every reader is in- vited to make himself at home. HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK. ' ‘ ‘ ‘ "'Fbreign. ' While the situation does not promise immediate trouble between Greece and Turkey, the settlement of affairs con- cerning the island af,Cretd,»- is offering more problems than was expected. The young Turk party is not putting full con~ fidcncc in the present Turkish adminis- tration, and for this reason, thc rcccnt acquiescence in the scttlcmcnt as out- liucd by the prol‘csting powcrs of the island, is not prcvcnting the boycotting of Grccian goods in Turkey, and a gen— cral fooling that the diffcrcnccs must iiually be scttlcd by rccoursc to arms. 'i‘hc powers that recently withdrew pro— tcction arc now sending warships to the island. The cabinet of the Creitan gov- crnmcnt has resigned and the control of affairs is now in the hands of provis- ional committees. The Grcck flag which was raiscd on the fort at Canca has not bccn lowered. \\'hat promiscs to be one of the most intcrcsting programs in thc sporting world this summer is now wcll prcpared for at lilicims, France, whcre aviators from America and hourly all European countries will bc. present to contest for prizcs with thcir aeroplanes. The events will open August 22. ‘ An carthquakc affecting a widc district in ccntral Japan occurred last Saturday and, besides the destruction of a large amount of propcrty, more than a score of pcrsons arc rcportcd dead, and it is possiblc that this number will be many timcs mcrcascd when details of the cat- astrophy conic. The form of mount lbuku was complctcly changed by the shock. ’i‘hc political situation in Mcxico is bccoming acute and it will not surprise tlmsc in touch with conditions if a rcvo- lution resuits from the dissatisfaction with thc prcscnt administration, which has gottcn such a hold upon the political situation as to be able to pcrpctuate itsclt‘. American officials arrested men who won» opcrat‘iilg from Texas on plans to start a rcbcllion; the scheme involved a plot to attack five different points along tho bordcr to get thc attention of the fcdcral troops when attacks upon intcrior places would bc carried out. The Maya. lndians are taking" advantage of thc sit- nation to express their protest to the govcrnmw and many small conflicts havo occurred bctwccn thcm and thc na- tional soldiers. The Mcxican government has issucd an ordcr prcvcnting the taking of guns into that country no mattcr what thc prcicnse, and a ban upon the sale of fircarms within the land is being en- for-cod, Affairs in Spain and Morocco have not clr-arcd. 1110 Spanish government is still struggling to bring order out of condi- tions at home and organizing troops to put down the tribcsmen in Morocco. In the latter district the natives are strong and in almost every engagement, of which there have been many, they are equal to the Spanish forces. At Barce- lonia and other cities of Spain the rebel- lion continues. Many military executions have occurred. The English government is not a little pleased at the general migration from other countries to her Shortes. of men of wealth. Most of these men come from the United States. The freedom which is’ now being given to ’Citiiehs 'of';this kind in the way of driving, fishing,» hunt- ing, etc., is believed to be the reason for the movement. . . The imperial defense committee of _ England has decided in favor of‘ the dirt— gible balloons for the British army upon the grounds that aeroplanes do not go high enough to be useful in war cam- paigns. ' The loss of British patronage in Tur- kish financial quarters during the last years of Abdul Hamid’s reign is now being regained. A new national bank is being established with the 'aid of British capital and management. .A Vienna doctor, after much specula- tion, has come to the conclusion that high colors are the cause of headache, and that a change to a lower and easier style of neckwiear provides beneficial. results. The health officers of the United States are insisting on the most rigid inspection of ships and cargoes from the orient, for ~fear that rats who carry diseases of a dangerous character, might ship to this country. Sir Henry Babington, secretary of the London postoffice, has accepted the pres- idency of the Turkish national bank which is just being established. Vienna is experimenting with a track- lcss trolley line, and it is reported that the examination thus far is proving very successful. National. On Sunday afternoon a severe storm swept over the eastern part of Detroit and Belle Isle, laying flat hundreds of trees, killing one person, injuring many others and drenching thousands of 0th— crs. A number of small craft on the Detroit rivcr were sunk or suffered severely. The t'nitcd States Steel Corporation is climinating all cmployes who have any tcndcncics toward unionism, Evidence has been received and all is now rcady for thc fraud cases against. (iov, HaSkcll, of Oklahoma, by the Unitcd States govcrnmcnt. The cases grew out of land frauds said to have been pcrpc— tratcd by the executive of the southern state in securing Indian town lots. Recently the postoifice department ad— vcrtiscd for inventions to take the place of twine for tying mails. The dcpart~ mcut uses '225,000 worth of twine an- nually. Many devices have been sub- mitted and they will now be tried out. thc time for submission of same having' cxpircd. ’ The battlcship South Dakota was pre- sented with a silver sct while it was building, thru the generosity of the pcoplc from the state at‘tcr which tho \‘csscl was named. Bcforc the \'t.‘SSt‘I Was finished the gift was mislaid and now the vessel is in service and the siIVcr is wanting. -, A process was recently inventedofom the sterilizing of books. with“ English agricultural societies"iia\c"‘ started a crusade against the English ' sparrow. Bounties are being offered for . eggs and birds. . , In many English schools Whiteboards are being substituted for blackboards.‘ the change being adviscd becausc of giving the schoolrooms a lighter appears ance. Ninety per cent of the street railways of the country are now run byclectricity as compared with 15.5 per cent in 1890. Training that gives the men a feeling of rcal war is being given by the war dc— partmcnt to volunteers from the castcrn division who are making a fainted do. fcnsc on the one hand, and an invasion on the other, of the city of Boston. ' An out—door school will be conducted in Detroit for a period of four wccks to determine the advantage to students subjcct to tuberculosis of studying under conditions more favorable to the «wor— coming of the disease. The school will be carried on in a tent. Other cities am carrying out similar experiments, and should they prove helpful such schools will become a permanent part of the educational system of most of our large cities. A peculiar epidemic has taken its fifth victim in Durham, N. C., where the phy- sicians are unable to assign any cause for the disease. The strike at the docks at Fort VVil- liam, Ont., has been disturbcd by tho prcscncc iof milita, and strict ordcrs from the commander in charge givcs tho strikcrs little hope of scouring thcir dc- mands. ‘Thc railroads of the country are pro- paring for handling thc vast yicids of grain of the west and thc northwest. The outlook is good for the grcatcst haerst in thc history of thc country. A movcmcnt is being considcrcd to opcn up the Missouri liivcr for navigau tion. (iround squirrcls arc bclicvcd to bo rcsponsiblc for tho sprcud of bubonic plague in Hunol. 0:11., and thc authorities are out dcstroying‘ the animals whcrcvcr thcy can be found. Rtwunmcndatiiin has bccn sent to the chict‘ cng‘inccr of the IInitcd States for ilu- cutting of it 16-foot channel bctwccn :iay (,‘ity and Saginaw. \Vhilc the traffic on the, rivcr is small it is the opinion of the local busincss men that a large incrcasc will rcsult from the dccpcning of thc channcl. Pi'csidcnt Taft appointed a commission to rcorganizc the operations of the intcr- state commcrcc commission. Thc bod}.- consists of -Sccrctarics Naglo and Bai- lcngcr. Attorncy General W'ickersham, Solicitor—Gen. Bowers. Inter—state Com— mcrcc Commissioner Prouty, and Repre— scntative Townsend of Michigan. It is anticipated that the defferences between the street railway companies of Chicago and their employes ill reach an amicable adjustment of he wago scale this week. ' ' ‘ Prominent lawyers from different states meet in Detroit this week to consider the unifying of state laws ‘thruout the country. “tangent, ism « "_ ‘ t-.—... LITERATURE POETRY HISTORY an? ' INFORMATION \ Magazine Section | We FARM BOY an? GIRL SCIENTIFIC an? MECHANICAL Harvest Time Among the Mapuche Indians HE methods of harvesting grain practiced by the Mapuche Indians, of Chile, South America, are primitive in the extreme and pictures of the various processes might easily pass for those belonging to Bible times rather than to this enlightened age. Until 'recently harvesting machinery was unknown in Chile, and even now it is so in all parts of the country not near to railroads or large towns. Binders, reapers or headers may now be seen on the large farms of the Chilian and for- eign colonists, but so far as the ordinary Indians are concerned these might as well not exist. The Mapuehes cut their Wheat, not 'with a scythe or cradle, but with a Sickle, and leave it lying in small piles about the size of an ordinary sh -at'. This way of cutting is necessarily very slow; a good man can cut about half an acre a day, for which he receives the nominal sum of $1.00 to $2.00 (‘hilian (32 to 40 cents U. S.) The wheat is not bound in sheaves and stood up, but. is simply left on the ground until ready to cart. which is usually very soon, as cutting is never done until the wheat is dead ripe and very dry. Instead of driving around the field and gathering up the. wheat as we do, they bring as many earretas (carts) as they possess, stand them at inter 'als about the field and carry the wheat to them. These carts are not like the ordinary ones used, but consist generally of wooden wheels and axle, and two rough sticks placed across the axle so as to form with it something like a huge letter A, with the cross—bar very low down. On top of these is made a rude platform of By D. S. boards and along the sides are stakes from three to six feet high. All the family unite in loading the carts. One man loads while the others and the women bring up the wheat. The older women and the children carry the sheaves together and tie them up in Bullock. atados (bundles) with a rawhide strap about six feet long. When the cart is sufficiently loaded the grain is firmly tied down with a rope, ‘awhide lasso, or a rope made from a kind of sedge that grows quite abundantly along the small streams. \Vhen all the carts are loaded Cutting the Grain.—-lndian Boys from the Mission School éutting Barley. The boy in the center is eating the commonest food of the poorer classes, harnia tostada, (toasted food). it is flour made from wheat toasted and ground and is nearly always eaten with cold water. '\\'orltmen usually carry a small bag of this flour, together with a cow‘s horn and spoon with which to eat it. The Indians when cutting generally wear nothing but trousers, Loading—One Man Loads While the Others Carry to the Cart. The “Threshing Machine”-—-Mares and Colts—Doing its Slow, Tedious Work. they are drawn to the threshing floor to be emptied. The threshing floor is simply a cir< cular yard from 23’) to 50 feet in diameter, from which the. sod has been carefully cleaned off and the ground hardened by fire. This is surrounded by a fence strong enough to stop horses. In the center of this yard the wheat is piled, leaving considerable space around the outside unoccupied. A little of the pile is then pulled down, so as to cover the entire tloor, and all is ready to begin threshing. Mares are almost invariably used to tread out the grain, as they are much more p‘lentii‘ul than horses, and do prac- tically nothing else for the entire year. Round and round they are driven, one man standing on top of the pile of wheat with a long bamboo and another following on horseback, until the entire pile has been pulled down and thoroly threshcd, which is when the straw is all broken up into Illt't‘t‘s live or six inches long. Then comes the cleaning or winnowing‘, which is most interesting. The wheat and straw are lirst piled on the windward half of the «'Ul‘l'tt], leaving the other half entirely elcull. 'I‘hen, beginning on the leeward side of the pile, the wheat is tossed up to the windAfor the threshing floor is always made in an exposed place —until the last remnant of straw and chaff has been blown away and nothing remains but the grain. This usually re- quires handling it all over three, or four times before the cleaning is complete. The tools are most primitive-«wooden carts, Wooden pitchforks having two or three tines. which are simply small trees with the branches cut off and sharpened; the Shovels are invariably of wood. VOI‘y The Threshing Floor (Era) and Corral in which the Mares are Kept. Winnowing.—Tossing up Grain so that Straw and Chaff May Blow Away. ..-Es.n—— << ~7--.¢' .W...” —.. . mares:- often blankets are pinned together by means of thin pieces of bamboo in such a manner as to form sacks in which the wheat is taken to the ruca. For a granary, rough boxes and barrels are used or even more primitive recep- tacles, such as the skin of a horse or cow, or a large hollow log. Weeds are very had, caused principally by the methods of cultivation and the fact that pasture is never sown, the peo- ple depending for pasture for their stock on what comes up of itself. Among the worst weeds in the wheat may be men- tioned tares or darnel (Lolium temulen- tum), wild turnip (Brassica napus), sev- eral kinds of vetch (Vicia), common May- weed (Anthemis cotula), and clotbur. It is a common practice among both the Indians and the poorer class Chilians to borrow wheat for sowing, having to pay, at harvest time, two sacks for one borrowed. Selling the wheat in the straw before harvest, when about one- half the market price is paid, is also a common and deplorable custom. By these and other methods it often happens that a man has nothing left of his wheat at the end of harvest, or possibly he may not be able to pay all his wheat debts, when they go over until another year, only doubled. Formerly the Indians always had prayer meetings, called‘ngillatun, in the spring, (September or October), and asked God to grant them a good harvest; but thru the influenéé‘ of so- -called civi- lIZation these have in many localities degenerated into simply drunken carou- sals, often resulting in fights, and even deaths in some cases. These" meetings, altho still held in some localities, are becoming less common each year. It is very common to see small wooden crosses planted in the wheat fields, a custom they have learned from the Chil- ians. One may also see planted at inter- vals over a field branches of the Wint- er's Bark (Dryinis Winteri) the sacred tree of the Mapuches. These are dup- posed to keep away cutworms and insure a better harvest. If there should happen to be a thresh- ing ma_cl1ine within three miles or so the Indians often draw then wheat there to be threshed, paying toll of 8 to 12 per cent; at least that is what they are sup- posed to pay, but as many of the owners of the machines do not either weigh or measure the wheat, but simply guess at the amount of toll, they frequently pay 15 per cent or more for the threshing. The straw remains at the machine and, strange'as it may seem, no use is made of it, not even for manure. Generally it is all burned immediately after har- vest. At times some of the more enter- prising Indians keep some of the chaff for their horses, but as a rule it is con- sidered worthless. ARTH UR’S METHOD-By Nelson A. Jackson. “Say, Arthur, I think that you are foolish. You just keep working, working all the time, just as if you were afraid of being idle for one minute.” \Vill IIarton had left his work for a few moments and stood beside Arthur Jones, who was industriously winding a coil fO‘ an 1-lcctrical machine. “No, I am not afraid of bcing idle," Arthur rcplic-d. “I am naturally lazy enough, but, Mr. Colman pays me for my time. It belongs to him and I have no right to waste it.” “You’re too particular,” Will said. “Mr. Colman doesn’t care if we take a little time, off now and then. I have been .wm 11mg here longir th 111 you have and I know him better than you do.’ “ y are you so quick to get back to your w‘01k, then, wh1ne1e1 vou hear him coming?” aSkcd Arthur; “'ill flushed guiltily. “Oh, well," he answered, “I don‘t know as I should care to have him find me idle, but it doesn't make any difference when he is out of the room or his back is turned. I guess that fifteen minutes wasted now and then can’t be of vory much importance, be- cause I am getting bigger wages than you do.” “I know that your wugcs :11'c 1igh~r, lul what I earn 1 wish lo 11:11-11 honosllv.” “[10 you 111112111 to say that you think lhil I am dishonest?" \Vill rotorlcd an- ;11'ily. , "I can‘t judge you. I know that I could nu do as you do and have a clear con- \1'11‘1100. Each one of us must have his own standard," was .\1‘ll1111"s 1111i1'l’ rcply. “I must say,” said WV ll, “111111 you i:;|\'1' zillogcthcr too much liibio min-d up with your idcus of businoss. l loll you, V1111 can't mix the two. I suppose you ihiuk it is 11(3C1’5'1.‘1ll'}' for you to come to the shop a, half hour curly each 111111‘1’1ing. “No, I do not think that it is {it all hooded, only I am anxious to find out all that I can about clcctricity. I wish to go to 2.1 technical school and to become 2111 1‘il‘1‘ll‘i1'zli enginocr.” "(1b “111 you will have to lose that 11111311111ce of 31111115, befolc you gtt along .111y wl1111-. ‘ “I think not.” 'l‘he‘convcrsiition was brokcn off at this point, as Mr. (1011112111 was hczird approaching and \\'ill madc basic to roach his place and rosumo work. l\Ir. Colman came slowly down the room bctwccn the. rows of workmen and boys. He stopped by the side of Arthur Janos, spoke kindly to him, made 21 low sug— g1sli0ns and passed on. This was a 1111111)liment to A“,1thu1 as Mr. (‘olm‘m scldom spoke to his employes while they W‘COl at w01k. “hen he did, it was al- ways with a pleasant smile and a helpful word. As they were passing out after the day’s work, Will Harton gave Arthur another tongue lash with the words. “I see Old Colly is getting stuck on you, but your goody-goody wavs won’t help vou any in the long run.’ “(“ome what may, I shall always try to do what is right,” was hts only reply Arthur had graduated from the village high school the preceding spring, where he had fitted himself to enter an engi- neering school. He had been bitterly disappointed when in the early summer financial losses had made assistance from his father impossible. He had then de- termined to enter the Colman general clcclrical works. Here he went at it to learn as much as possible concerning electricity and its practical workings while earning money for his college course. Arthur had never been acous- tonled to steady work and it was hard for him to don blue overalls and keep at his employment day after day. I-le rang true and soon realized that what had seemed a misfortune was in reality a blessing. He spent his evenings studying and reading along the line of his work. IVill Harton was jealous because Mr. Colman paid more attention to Arthur than to him. He 11 as continually trying to get Arthui to slight his “01k, but to no avail. The next morning when the men ('illllC to their work Ihoy found no’liccs posted. which announccd :1 nicoting of all the employos :11 ihc noon l1 111'. Ai'lcr lunchos had boon culoll tho, 1111111 gnthcrod in tho largo slorc room on tho iirsl floor. Mr. Colman cumo b11'oro them with these wordsz "Mon, what I have to soy hurls me and will email hardship on many of 'you as well as myself. \Yith few excep— tions, you are good workmen. I have no complaint to make. You know that dur- ing tho paw,- fow months the American pooplo hrivo boon facing a financial crisis. 1 l1;1\'1- bccn afraid it would roach 115: and it has. 0111' sulcs huvo fallen off ovor one—half and choral big convcrns which owc us largo amounts 11:1v1- i'.1ilcd. As a result, it will be 11cccssury to lay off 21 large portion of you. AI prosont all the married mun will be retained and a fcw others, who will be nolilicd. The rest nerd not report for work Monday morn- ing.” That afternoon Arthur was filled with anxiety. He wondered what he 01.111‘11l‘i'1111l to do. He might possibly be retained, but he thot it hurdlv possible, as he was 11111: of thc \oung ost and most inexpe- 1'i1111ccd of the hands. As soon as \Vill b.1d 21 chance he slipped over to Arthur’s siilo :1nd said. “I’ll bet you that I keep my job and that you got tired. I know tho business too wcll to be dismissed. \\'h:1t do you think you'll do now?" “I have absolutely no idea at present." “Possibly you can start your college courso," \Vill went on iauntingly, “11nd pay your way with your high-flown ideas of bus‘ncss principles." Arthur made no reply. He was too in— dignant to even look at Will. “I am glad that I am not burdened with your narrow ideas of right and wrong,” “rill remarked, as he turned to talk to another boy. When the pay envelopes were received at the close of the day’s work, Will and Arthur each found a slip requesting them to report at Mr. Colman’s office at noon. “Mr. Harton first, Mr. Janes, if you will wait a few moments,” Mr. Colman said THE MICHIGAN FARMER ‘and closed the (1901‘ to his private emce." He motioned. Will» to a seat and said kindly: “Will, I wish to give you a. little fatherly counsel. I shall not need your services any longer. I shall retain Arthur Janes. You will want other werk, but you have one lesson to learn before you can be successful anywhere. You are at present worl ing on the principle of doing as little as possible and getting as much as possible. You are in the habit of wasting at least one hour a day of my time. In other words, you have stolen from me constantly.” Will was white with rage. “I’ll bet James has blabbed on me," he exclaimed. “No, Mr. Barton, no one has told any- thing. I have merely observed. An em- ployer sees more than his men often give him credit for seeing. I know that I have used harsh words, but they are true. Now, my boy, the thing for you to do is to give your next employer your‘best. Then, and only then, will you become indispensable to your company. And re- member it is the indispensable men who become foremen and managers. I start- cd from the bottom and know the truth‘ of my words. You have ability and are bright and "quick. ployer. That is all.” As Will went out, he said to Arthur, “I am fired; just my luck; I never work up anywhere." Mr. Colman, who had followed him to the door, caught the words and said, somewhat sharply, “YOur luck is just what you make it." Arthur entered theofl‘ice. Mr. Colman took him by the hand and said, “Arthur, I have been more than pleased with your work for the past few months. I should like to keep you, but I have something better for you. I am well acquainted with the superintendent of the electrical works at Orton. I have secured a place for you. There you can earn your college expenses and at the same time be obtz'iin-_ ing practical experience, which is so nec- essary in your chosen profession.” “Thank you, thank you. Mr. Colman, how can I ever repay you for your kind- ness,” and Arthur’s eyes sparkled with joy. “My boy, you have earned it.” “I shall try to prove myself worthy of your trust and kindness.” “You will, I have no fear.” And he did. HOW SOL SIMPSON BECAME A BUSINESS MAN. BY MARY ROLoFSON. “I see Sol Simpson this mornin'," ro- marked Ed Bennett, “1111’ he's got an idea.” Mrs. Bennett sniffod contemptibillsly. “0 yes, I ’sposc he has. ’l‘hom Simp- sons are mastor hands for idms. 'l‘hoy always have thcir hoods full of idols and their pockols on'1ply of mono y, .1111“- long ago was it he told you about i1is-—" “But this time its ieally something possible.” “Possible nover gets to be likely when Sol Simpson has anything to do about it." “No, but something might come sonic- time from somc of Sol's notions." Mrs. Bennett eyed her other half in- iontly. “Ed.” she. said, “you hoin‘l lot Sol have any money for this ll’lliHl of his, have you?" He I-"‘gh(-d uproariously. “Well, now, that's most too good." he said when he could find breath. “I thot you knew me, Betsey. I’ve a great mind to get mad at you. Such an insult as that! I declare, I don’t exactly know what to do about it.” “You’d better not get mad at me. 'l‘horc’s lots of people it would pay you bcttcr to get mad at; for instance, that Jack Allen that beat you out of seven' dollars and a half last—" “0, well, I guess I won‘t decide on who it will be. I haven't got time to dccidc now. I want to tell you about Solis plan while I’m restin‘. I’ve got to plow some more this afternoon.” He settled down comfortably in his big armchair. “He went to the sale up at Reuben (“arter's place yesterday, an’ this mornin’ he couldn‘t talk of anything else. ‘It was a shame,’ he said. ‘It was a pity.’ ‘lt made him mad’, an’ ‘it made him blue’, an’ so ‘he went on. I couldn’t make out at first what the trouble was. I hadn‘t heard of nothing terrible that had happened up there at the sale. I ’sposed it was just a common, ordinary, every- day sale as any old man might expect after he had died an’ left a house an’ barn full of goods behind him. But 's'01 kept on, an’ by an’ by I begun to see You will succeed if} you are honest with yourself and hem-1 what m worryln’ him Reuben,111 bid Watch he'd been sold for six 110111111111, fairly made his head ache, he 51111111» he knew all about that watch and he knew it was a goodone. I was a leetle sorry for Sol, for I thot he wanted the watch for friendship’s sake. He an' Reu- , ben were uncommon good friends and-I was wishing Reuben had seen fit to give Sol the watch, when he changed his tune and began to lament abbut' the rifle. That was a pity, too, and a shame. That had been sold for nothing——almost—and 801 was all cut up about that as bad as he was abou‘t'the watch.” “Reuben did have a good watch and a good gun. .I know he did. He was a great hand to buy the best he could get of everything.” “Yes, then there was a lawn mower that hadn‘t been used hardly any, an’ 'a. fine, double-extra hammock; an’ so Sol went on with a. list as long as your arm. He said he never felt the lack of money so in his life as he did at that sale. ‘If I had had a hundred dollars’, says he to me, 'a hundred dollars, an'no more, an" no prospect of a- job, I’d have put every cent of it into that stuff of Reuben’s’.” W‘Yes, I‘ll bet he would. It would be just like him to buy up a lot of old stuff that he hadn’t any more use for than a cat has for two tails. ” . “So I that But Sol says, ‘I ’spose you think I couldn’t make anything by such a tr.ade' An I ’lowed I didn’t see much chance of it, foeSol never goes hunting, you know, 1nd he hain’t got any farm—- not land enough to turn that lawn mower ’rOund on. ‘Well, sir,’ says he, ‘if I'd had that hundred dollars, and had bot all I could of Reuben’s stuff with it, I'd set up in store-keeping, I would, by jinks; an’ I’d had the best second-hand store you ever see. An’ I‘m goin’ to do it, too‘, says he. ‘Thcm chances that I had to lose at Reuben‘s won't never Come again, but there'll be other solos, an' Ill be rcz'idy for the next, you see if I ain t. '.1n goin’ to work for John Dole all thru harvestin’, an’ every cent I earn, except a couple of dollars I owe D1111 Lamson 1111' twenty cents I owe the shoemaker, I'm goin’ to save for second- hand goods for my store. I’ve just found out what I'm lit for. I'm goin’ to as— tonish you natives that have been‘think— ing I was trifling and no-account’. 'An' I don't know but Sol has struck the right thing at last." “II’hc-rc‘s be goin’ to have his store?” “Il'ell, that‘s where I’m concerned. He wanted to rent :1 corner of our barn—tho corner nearest the road—but I told him I'd have to think it over before I said what I would do.” “\V'o might rcnt him a place in the barn just as well as not,” declared Mrs. 3elinctt. “I think I see a dollar coming our way. “'11 don't need to use all llro barn 1oom we have. Do you think he'll pay two dolliis .1 month?” “Not \'11‘ long." laughed Mr. Bennett. “I wouldn't think of asking him more tin-1n a dollar .1 month. That would be pic ttx l1 gh, but peihaps the profits of the bu.< iness wloud Day that. " “Well. one dollar a month would be hotter 111:111 nothing. I never did under— stand what you built the barn so large for. “'e've never had it full.” Sonic little time latei, Mr. Bennett, on rcturning fiom one of his frequent trips to town, reported that another sale was to be held. “You must go to this one, Betsey,” he. said. “'l‘herc’s lots of furniture and household goods to be sold. You 111:1" be lucky enough to get some of the things you need real cheap. There's tho, little table for your plants that you're boon tonsing me for, and a new stovc- brush. and a baker‘s dozen othor thing And if you don't buy anything it will be as good as a circus to see Sol Simpson poi-form. Probably he has part of that hundred dollars by this time.” And .9) Mrs. leunctt went, but in one. thing illcy were disappointed. Sol Simll- son did not “perform” as they expected. He did not buy foolishly and recklessly. He bot only things of real worth, and if they went up above two—thirds of their value he stopped bidding. - As a result, he spent but a few dollars and he did not have many things to begin business with. They were of the most hetero- geneous, miscellaneous sort imaginable, including two hand saws, a chain. a small mirror, a lamp, two pillow slips. two tumblers, a bowl, a thimble, a dust- pan. a broom, a clothesline,ja bushel basket, some shoe polish and’some soap. He brot them to the Bennett barn that night and he seemed somewhat crest- fallen. “I’ve had no luck,” he'grumbled. "‘Ev- AUGUST 21, 1909. erythlng went too high. If I could only go to Reuben’s sale again! But, then, such luck don’t come twice the same year.” “I think you have done real well,” said Mrs. Bennett. That clothesline was cheap enough. I Wanted that, but I was talking with Miss Hobart and didn’t no- tice when it was sold. I’ll give you fif- teen cents for it—that’s five cents more than you paid.” “I ain’t going to trade that way,” an- nounced Sol. “I’m going to stock up my store first. Then I’m going to have a regular opening. That clothesline ain‘t for sale yet.” “Well, well,” ejaculated Mrs. Ben- nett. “Sol, I don‘t know but you're right. I don‘t know but you’ll be one of them merchant princes we read of it you keep on.” “Oh, I expect it. I’ve struck the right thing at last. But I can’t wait for sales. They don’t come often enough. That’s arr-IE MICHIGAN ‘ FARMER. MACK-A FAITHF'UL AND INTELLI- GENT DOG; BY MACK PHILIP. “Mack, can’t you get the cattle?" Mack was up and all alert, for it was his master calling to him from the sup- per table near the dining—room window. W'ith a. questioning look, which his mas- ter interpreted by telling him to go by the barn and thru the tall corn to the meadow beyond, and a merry wag of his bushy tail he lay back his black ears and hurried thru the wet corn field, for it had been raining. In a little while he brot the cattle, which he had carefully driven a mile, around thru the woodlot, and received his master’s approval, which was always a gentle stroke on the head while saying “good dog.” This dog is three years old and weighs about 60 lbs. He is a black shepherd and collie with a little tan color on his breast and legs and the pretty brown Resting from too slow for a way of stocking tip my store and I’m going round from house to house buying goods pretty sooth—whorl I get thru liarvcstin’.” “Well, well!” repeated Mrs, kennctt. “You hain’t got any old tl‘UlllDtE’l‘X lay- ing ’round that you want to sell, have you? Something good and something cheap, mind you.” “Why, yes, I guess so. There‘s that umbrella that Abner left when he went back to Maine. It was forgotten and he wrote it wasn’t worth while to send it. \Ve'yc got umbrellas enough without that, and I should like the money, and like to get the umbrella out of the way. Probably I can find some more things if I look about a little.” And she did look about and she did find a good many things that were of use and yet not needed by them, “Sol Simpson’s a real bencfactor.‘ she said to Mr. Bennett. “He's paid me two v dollars and sixty-five Cents for things that I was glad to get rid of. Now 1 can get Molly that fountain pcn she has been wanting so much.” “And don't forget we are going to save a lot more on our purchases when Sol gets his store to running,” put in Mr. Bennett. “I've got my eye on a razor that he bot of Eben Cross. I’d rathcr have it than a new one, and I sli:iii‘t have to pay full price. Sol's got, the price marked on all his goods, and he don‘t ask the price of new goods for any of them. That razor is worth the price to me all right. All I have to fear is that somebody will offc'r him the price before I do. But I guess with the store right in my own barn I can get to the counter as quick as anybody.” “I never did think it of Sol, but he's developing a whole lot of business sense," continued Mrs. Bennett. “If he ever should (it isn't likely he ever will) but if he should happen to want a little ready money—not but a little, you know—41nd you had it to spare—mud he, would prom- isc to pay :1 good rate of interest, I don’t know but you’d better let liiin—-” “That just shows how women will change their minds,” commented Mr, dairy cow; but, as subscriber says, this against a thing one day, and then the next go for it like a. pickercl for the bait.” “Now, Ed. Bennett,” protested she, “I haven’t done any such thing. You know I—” ' “But,” concluded Mr. Bennett, still philosophically, “it’s lucky for us men that they do change their minds some- times.” ' ‘ H is Labors. dots over his eyes. He lives on a farm in central lVlichigan and is busy every day with the little chores which he has been taught to do and which he goes about so willingly. Every evening he drives the cattle into the stable, helps fecd the pigs by keeping them away from the trof until their drink is poured in, watches‘thc barn doors when left open, and helps to drive the. sheep into the shed. llc knows the horses by name, singling any one of them out and bringing it up to the fence when asked. He loves to carry anything in his mouth, and often brings his master‘s coat from the field, finds his slippers for him, and hunts his hat to take it to him. llc likes to carry the hammcr, or a little water pail to or from the field or woods. Last fall he would go to the corn field back of the. house and bite. large yellow pumpkins loose from the vines. ried more than a dozen of these, tilklllg‘ them one at a time, by means of the stem to the back yard where he would playfully roll them around and bark at them. When he comes across a nice stone. he. drops it at his master‘s feet and conxcs him to throw it for him so that he may hunt for it. He will climb a ladder extending to a height of sixteen feet from the ground and safely dcsccnd, round by round. He plays ball, prefer— He. cars ring to play it with apples, which he always eats when thru. He shakes hands, sits up, walks upon his hind feet and balances an‘ apple or a. cracker upon his nose and catches it. If allowed to he will sit upon a chair at table to eat off a plate and not leave any litter around it. If there is anything he especially wants he looks directly at it, hitches up a little and “speaks." He especially likes to get his honey box from a. low shelf; going straight to the kitchen he will “speak" for a spoon, which he also carries in his mouth to his master and then does all sorts of cunning things to have the honey fed to him. He has the nice collie habit of resting his chin on your knee and gazing, with his wonderful brown eyes, into your own, apparently thinking over the untold story which only lovers and friends of our dumb animals can appreciate or under- stand. He seems to know and undcr~ stand everything that is said, is so happy in his play, and does his work so willingly that many people might wisely learn a helpful lesson by observing him. He is very much attached to his mas- ter and when the latter is absent Mack takes a favorite pOSition at the window and watches, sometimes for hours, with a little interval of rest at times, until he recognizes the team, when he runs to meet him and to enjoy a short ride. In an apparent ecstacy of delight he will carry his master's gloves into the house and drop them by the stove, lie down contentcdly by them and watch until his master Comes in. Then, placing his paws upon his master's lap, he, will, if :illowcd, kiss his face all over and lean his head and body affectionately against. the arm and shoulder of his master. 'l‘hus snug- glcd up, he quietly and contcntcdly re- mains until put down, GRANDMA’S STORY OF “TOM.” izY Ii.-\l:'l?,ll'l’l"l‘ld v. DAVIS. “'0 were going on the tra‘n to grand- pa‘s. The time dreadfully long and, to keep 'llcniiic duict, momma sug— gcstcd that we try to gucss what grand- ma's story would be about this year, Each time we go there grandma has a, perfectly new story to tell us. Grandpa calls her the “Nature Faker," whatever that means. I guess it‘s ‘canse licr storics are about animals and farm life mostly. “'0. each were to have one guess. lior- otliy guessed that “It will be about the cat; she is so cute, anyway.” Bennie said, “I fink maybe it will be about Spot, the collie, and her puppies." I guessed that it would be about the calves, or the little ncw colt belonging to Bess. “'0 all agrccd it would bc something very odd or funny. .lust thcn the called our station and we could scc grandpa with the big black tcani llitl'llcd to the surrey, and we forgot everything but that grand- ma was waiting for us with a good warm dinner ready. But when it came dusk, and the tire- light thrcw dancing shadows on the walls, momma took baby boy on her lap and we children drew our chairs close to grandma to listen to a story, “You cannot imagine what my story is about tonight," declared grandma. “\‘Vc all tricd to while coming ovcr in the train today. Suppose you tell us and scc if any of us gucsscd right," proposed Dorothy. Ncclllcd Polldilctor guess Ready and Anxious to go on Duty. .. . um..- .1». ”maxim-rm ' :(or 133 “Very well,” agreed grandma. “It's about Tom, the gander." At that we laughed, Bennie coming in last, ’cause you see the joke was on Bennie. It was this way. One day last summer grandma gave us a pan of corn to feed the fowls, and Tom, the gander, after having gobbled up his Share, saw the bright buttons on Bennic's blue linen suit and began to peek at them, thinking they were kernels of corn. Bennie, who was a little bit afraid, kept backing away until he backed against a trof of water and sat down in it. He never liked the gander after that. “'c all told grandma we never should have thot of him. “Shall I start at the very beginning?" asked grandma. “Oh, yes, do!” we all chorused. One night late last fall, began grand- ma, grandpa went out to bed down the horses. As he stooped over to pick up the last armful of straw he almost step- ped on Nance, the old grey goose. A little yellow gosling was just behind her. “Of all things, if that isn't just like an old goose to Sit on one egg in the fall and bring out a little gosling to fl‘cczo to death during the winter." grandpa. exclaimed wrathfully. Picking up the. ball of yellow fluff he brot it into the, house. in spite of Nancc's protests. After it was warmed and fed he put the gosling into a basket back of the kitchen stove, whcre wc kept him until “’l‘om,” as we uamcd him, became a, nuisance by following me about the house Please, Give Me My Supper. making shrill protests whenever I shut him out of a room. So grandpa took the gosling to the warm basement of the barn where, he grew into a big gander in spite, of the, cold weather. You know last summer when you were here the, gander would fly over the tall fcnccs to sit under the rose bushes by the gate at night instead of going into the shed with the other fowls, He was always a queer bird. (inc day grandpa came chuckling t0 the kitchen door and told mc to "just come, out and look at 'l‘om." door sat the There near the, gander hovering one of Spot‘s tiny puppies. ‘chry time the. hubby stuck his head out thru 'l‘om's feathers 'l‘om would carefully poke it. under his Wing again. Spot was almost frantic with fear, dancing about the gzindcr and bark— ing madly, but distance from the gnndcr's sharp bill. Grandpa. rescued the puppy and Spot carried it off to the burn, but every few days we would hear Spot barking and go out to find that Tom had kidnapped some of her puppics. Grandpa had about decided to shut the gandcr up because hc bothered Spot so. I’mil' kccping it s'ifc liut one day he was missing and we made up our minds that a fox, hungry for gooseilcsh, had taken him. Just bcforc (:randpa began storing,r the hay in the barn he saw some loose shingles on the barn roof. So he sent Mike to the lumber shed for shingles with which to mend the roof. Mike came back with a broad grin on his face and called out: Mister Severance, 311’ would yc come with me a moment. I have something to show yc. Sure, {111' did ye iver see an old gander makin‘ a goose of himself, an‘ if ye nivcr did just luk there." Sure. enough, there sat Tom in the shed behind some boards on a nest of goose eggs that he had found there. The nest was lined with down he had plucked from his own breast. Tom hissed loudly when grandpa picked him up and, as soon as (.134. 110.)" he was released, he walked to the nest and very deliberater sat dotvn again. A few days later Tom came up to the house followad by ten little goslings. He created. a great deal of amusement for passers-by as long as the goslings were small. People would stop and watch him, and everyone thot it very odd to see a gander mothering a flock of gos- lings. At'the conclusion Bennie. who had listened with deep interest, asked the question we were all wondering about~— “Did Tom bovver Spot’s puppies any more?” “No, dear; the goslings took up all his time until the puppies were grown too large for him to hover. Here comes grandpa with the milk. Come, have a drink of warm milk and in the morning when grandpa feeds the fowls you may all go out and see the gander mother." WHO IS WHO? BY CARL S. LOWDEN. I know some poor, rich men, and I know a hOSt of rich, poor men. You know them, too. Perhaps you know’Dodd, or Smith, or Baldwin, or Hamilton, all of whom are very, very wealthy. They have money, stocks and securities, land, and property of every sort. They live in houses which are almost mansions, and ride in red automobiles, and play golf, and banquet extensively. They fish with a seine, tho it is against the law, and hunt out of season. In the summer time they move to their summer homes, or live in exquisite cottages by the shore of the lake. These people, the people of this type, attend the theater two nights in a week, and spend the remaining eve- nings at club-houses, dance halls, etc. They are hypocrites, they are the froth of the blood of the nation, they are false royalty, they idle and frittcr away their petty, pct-visit lives, and endure an un~ happy existence. Because of these peo— ple, socialism has arisen; and its aim is the elimination of this class. You know Hamilton, and Dodd, and Baldwin, now don’t you? Very well. You know the other class much better I presume, for you are one of them. This class comprises the rich, poor men—men who are not wealthy, but who nevertheless are rich. The members of this huge class work every day. They “get out" at four, and “turn in" at eight or nine. They} haven't a great array of fancy clothes, or any red automobiles, or any private golf links for that matter. They have no stately, colored liverymcn, nor any racing stables. They can't afford diamonds; thcy have no summer homes, but by necessity must remain in the one house during all the year. The members of this type seldom see the foot-lights, but often gaze upon the pulpit and sin- cerely listen to the words of the minis- ter. There is no sham and hypocrisy about them. They are “straight from the shoulder.” They posscss humane mo— tives. They do not frittcr away their lives, but they really live. The blood of the nation are they, not the froth. As I said above. you know them intimately, for you are one of them. It has been said very often that happi- ness does not consist in wealth. It docs not, and people know it docs not: yet they continue to amass wealth, seemingly with the hope that when they havc bugs or gold, they have the precious thing that will sustain happiness. But happiness will not be hot. nor can it be nourishwi by any material thing. It must exist in Do you remember King Midas of ancient times? He was very wealthy, but unhappy, so unhappy! llid you cvz-r see a man searching for a thing. looking far and wide, and when he did find it, it was in a pocket of his coat. and virt- ually “under his nosc." Or did you ever the soul. see a man hunting for his but while it rested on his head? \Vcll. that is the manner in which some persons search for happiness. ’I‘hcy imagine it is very far off and almost 11n:'tttainablc when it is actually following thcm around. To be poor is to be happy. Across the way is a rich, old codgcr, and you think how happy you would be if you had his wealth. \Vhat a delusion, for you would not be happy at all, just miserable like he is. Who is who? This old codgcr dcccivcs you. for behind his cloak of wealth is a cloak of gloom. Here is another man. He is a laboring man. He is whistling. He is dressed in cheap overalls. Behind this rippling tune of his is a happy, healthy, tripping heart. and thots of a 'dear, happy wife. He, hasn't wealth, but he owes no man a penny. He has two ‘ v strong arms, and nothing to fear. As. the peer .mau whistles “merrily, the rich, old codger sighs‘and says regretfully, “I wish I were him.” 'Happiness dwells in but one place—the poor man’s house- hold. How miserable was the old codger when he thot, “.Of all sad words of tongue or pen, the saddest are these: ‘It might have been.’ ” He might have been happy had he been contented to remain poor, and unavaricious. That is all. Wait a moment. Here are some Quo- tations. The first is from Goldsmith; the second, from Epicurus; the third, from Emerson; the last, from Beecher. “Can wealth give happiness? What gay distress! What splendid misery!” “When we have only a little we should be satisfied, for those best enjoy abund- ance who are contented with the least; simple fare can give a relish equal to the most expensive luxuries.” “The poor are only they who feel .poor, and poverty consists in feeling poor; the rich in a true scale would be found very indigent and ragged.” “No man can tell whether he is rich or poor by turning to his ledger. It is the heart that makes a man rich. He is rich according to what he is, not ac- cording to what he has.” WHEN BOBBY STUBS HIS TOE. BY MARY LOWE. Bobby will go barefoot— Sce, then what he gets! Mamma tries to hinder, Coaxes, sco‘lds, and frets; Says she would not do so— (Bobby hopes the same, For if his father saw her thus, Great would be his shame). Bobby flings off foot-gear, Capers in the sand, Shouts, and cheers, and halloos, Fit to beat the band; Mixes dust and water; Thru the mud he goes; Gee—whack! ain’t it jolly cool Suuashing ’tween his toes! Bobby tries a foot—race— Speeds along the street-— Does not see the stone. Hid by dust, so neat; Oh! the mortal anguish, Oh! the pain and woe That thru his system shoot When Bobby stubs his toc! Then comes swift repentance, In the wake of Sin; Bobby's conscience wukcns— Great the grief within! “'ishes he had heeded “'hut his mother said, For hc'd not have suffered so. If shoes he had not shed. “'ishcs he had ether, Chloroform, cocaine, Or a little morphine, Just to case his pain; Vows he’ll mind. in future, Save himself much woc; Oh! how troubled conscience aches, “'hcn llobby stubs his toc! AN ADAGE OF THE DOVE. BY ALONZO RICE. It has been said, and whether ’tis false or true I leave it for thc future years to claim, That as the Springs first dove begins to coo, To SicD thrice backwards and then soi'tly name The swcclcst wish, and coming years will crown “'ith amaranthine wreath this dear desire, And buds of trusting promise soon will swell, As sunsets dwindlc down, And blossom forth. arrayed in rich attire, Of which the words of wisdom sweetly tell. Thus, under skies of pearly morn, my Love. Arisen late from dreams of peace and thee, From wooded heights, the notes of turtle dove Came like a message from the sky to me! Thrice stepping back, I breathed upon the air (if sun—bright morn, in adoration lone, That rose—like incense from a hidden urn, A sweet and simple, prayer, The dearest that my heart hath ever known, 'l‘hat greets me whither in the world I turn! Altho it seemed some secret, painful thorn Of coming ill heart, that far dove serenely wound its horn. All tearful thots I bade at once depart: I thot alone of bright and cloudless days That wait such promise fairly to unfold; And naught I hearkened to, save that refrain Across the valley haze; was piercing deep my “'hcn No bird can charm thus—not the night- ingale. That sings its message to the midnight rose In measured strains, can trill as fond a tale, i/bi'afiches of a 'As‘ "n‘e’afh' his sides from? That dove sang tome! .(Othe'r songsters sing ‘ . Among the fringing willows .by the stream, ; ‘ And in the woods how many chant their songs; . But none of them can bring The balm of hope: this fair and holy -‘ dream ‘ Forever to the peaceful dove belongs)! Sing on, sweet minister! Thy flood- bound wings Brot cheering promise to the drifting ark! Thou'hast not left us, and thy presence brings Sweet hope as then across the waters dark; Now thou dost seem all that is good and fair Departing with the simple words I breathed, To one who holds in fee my nights and days; In thy returning bear A crown of peace by her fair fingers wreathed, On verdant slopes where Flora, ever strays! KIN KS. Kink I.—-The Famous Paintings. Give the title of each painting referred to in each stanza, also. the name and nationality of the artist of each. 1. Three words tell this painting's name, The product of a woman’s art. 2. ’Twas music’s patron saint gave fame To this artist's work of brush and heart. 3. And eventide devotions gave This painter of peasant life his theme. While fairies dance In forest grave. Has made another French name gleam. 5. The best-priced dream of Jesus’ face Is that portrayed by a German's grace. 6. ’Tis a portrait of a countess fair By an unknown artist on a canvas rare. 7. Angels of Christmas peel out chimes On a well-known canvas of modern times. ' 8. Morning arrives scattering flowers In advance of Phoebus attended by Hours. ' “I have been a coffee drinker, more or less, ever since I can remember, until a. few months ago I became more and more nervous and irritable, and finally I could not sleep at night for I was horribly disturbed by- dreams of all sorts and a specie}; of distressing nightmare. “Finally, after hearing the experience of numbers of friends who had quit coffee and were drinking Postum, and learning of the great benefits they had derived, I concluded coffee must be the cause of my trouble, so I got some Postum and had it made strictly according to directions. “I was astonished at the flavor and taste. It entirely took the place of coffee. and to my very great satisfaction, I began to sleep peacefully and sweetly, My nerves improved, and I wish I could wean every man, woman and child from the un- wholesome drug—ordinary coffee. “People really do not appreciate or real- ize what a powerful drug it is and what terrible effect it has on the human system. If they did, hardly a pound of it would be sold. I would never think of going back to coffee again. I would almost as soon think of putting my hand in a fire after I had once been burned. “A young lady friend of mine had stomach trouble for a long time, and could not get well as long as she used coffee. She finally quit coffee and began the use of Postum and is now perfectly well. Yours for health.” Read “The Road to Wellville,” in pkgs. “There’s a Reason." Ever read the above’letter? A new 0 appears from .time to time. hey are genuine, true and full of human interest. S). The most famous Madonna of a master‘s skill Remains thru the centuries a wonder still. 10. Spirited steppingr to a famous old tune. By two white-haired fifers and a drum— mer young In the van of an army brot renown To a carriage painter of an Ohio town. Prizes for Straightening Kinks. To the sender of each of the ten neatest correct answers to the above Kink. we will give cho‘cc of a package of 50 post~cards representing a trip around the world. a copy of “Concrete Construction on the Farm." or a fountain pen. ll‘hcre contestant or some member of his family is not a regular subscriber a _\'(':ll"s subscription (75c) must accompany answers. Answers must not reach us later than Sept. 11, as correct solutions will be published in issue of Sept. IR. Ad- dros: answers to Puzzle Dept, Michigan Farmer. ANSWERS TO JULY 17 KINKS. Kink I. Drop-Letter Proverbs.——l. Many hands make light work. 2. Do your best and never shirk, Kink ll.—Disguised Advertisers. 1. Flint Land Company, (Flint. Mich.) 2. State Board of Immigration. (St. Paul, Minn.) 3. The Atlas Portland Cement Co., (New York). 4. The Michigan Farmer, (Detroit). 5. Michigan State 'I‘clopbone Co., (Detroit). 6, The Harris hllt‘g‘. Co., (Salem. 0.) 7. The Adams llusker Co., (Marysville, O.) 8. The De- ].aval Separator Co.. (New York). 9. American Separator Co., (Bainbridge, N. Y.) II). American Sea Green Slate Co., (Granville, N. Y.) Kink III.—Word Square. A. I. 0 E S L l' (2‘ R E O C H R E E R R 0 R S E E R S July 17 Prize Winners. .Tuly 17 Prize “'inners are: Mrs. C. H. (‘rabtree lVIrs. Spencer Sutphin, Mrs. Fcrman Douglass. Clarence E. Grohe. J. \V. Iloughton, Mary M. Wood, Mrs. Rae lrcek, C. H, Randall, Elsie A. Davis, James M. Burt, W. A. Roberts. Get This New Wagon Box Booklet. A postal card will bring a booklet which fully illustrates the quality and materials of Elgin Wagon Boxes and gives prices from $9.75 upward which save you all job- bers, dealers, and catalog house profits. On every Elgin Box sat'si’action or money back is guaranteed. Write for booklet today to the Elgin Wagon Works, Box 11], Elgin, Ill. The Porter Feed and Litter Carrier claims the attention of our readers for its great usefulneSS in carying the feed or litter in the barn. It moves on roller bearing wheels swiveled in such a man- ner as to easily round a curve. A proper track on which to move the carrier is furnished as is stated In the announce— ment. Our readers should write this pioneer firm for their descriptive cata- logue of carriers, hay tools, etc. The address is J. E. Porter Co., Ottawa, Ill. Elkhart have been sold to the consumer For Thirty-Six Years May We Send You Our Large Catalogue? Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co. Elkhart, Indiana Gan You Sell , This handy tool to your neighbors? Wire Icnce it." stretcher, cutter and splicer; press; lifting jack ; k". post puller, etc ;‘useful in a hundred ways the en- a/ tire year. Not. an experiment—a finely finished tool. I I Leader combination Tool Sells on sight to every man. Thousands in daily use. Write today for special offer to agents. THE LEADER JACK CO. 51 Mala Street. Bloomfield. Indian. Earn a Large learn Telegranhlsiunn Young men and women to fill R. B. and Gov. posi- tions. Thorough instructions. Expenses for course 24 weeks' tuition. board. room. including type-writ- “12,385. Positions guaranteed graduates. Cats. free. MARION TELEGRAPH“: SCHOOL, Box 15, Marloand. THE AFTER HARVEST TERM OF Jones Nat’l School of Auctioneering The oldest, largest and most successfulKSchooi of Auctioneering In the world. OPENS AUGUST 30. [909. For free catalog and other information address CAREY l‘l. JONES. Pres.. 1215 Washington Blvd. Chicago. Ill. WANTED—Census Office Clerks, Railway Mail Clerks. City Carriers, Postoflice Clerks. October and Nov. examinations everywhere. 8600 to $1600 yearly. Common education sufliclent. Political influence unnecessary. Candidates coached free. Write immediately fcr schedule. Franklln Institute. Dent. J 52, Rochester, N.Y. AG E NTS $75 monthly. Combination Rolling Pin. Nine articles combined. Lightning Belle: Sample free. PORSHEE MPG. 00.,.Box 237 Dayton, 0 THREE DAILY PAPERS For those who would like to have three daily papers a week, we have ar- ranged with the New York Thrice-a- W’eek World so that we can offer it with the Michigan Farmer a year for only $1.40; that is, both papers a year each for that price. Send orders to us or thru our agents. THE MICHIGAN FARMER. Detrolt. ' .. M74 B .t ... . ..... .~.M__ .._._.f ‘9 ".,....._.._.._.._._ 5.7.1 VG “8T”. OpiMBREST re:— ' «IQ TO 'WOMEN MY LORD AND I. BY L. snoaur. I have a, friend so precious, So very dear to me, He loves me with such tender love, He loves so faithfully. I could not live apart. from him, I love to feel him nigh, And so we dwell together, ‘ My Lord and I. Sometimes I’m faint and weary, He knows that I am weak, And as He bids me lean on Him, His help I gladly seek; He leads me in the paths of light Beneath a sunny sky, - And so we walk together, My Lord and I. He knows how much I love him, He knows I love Him 'well; But with what love he loveth me, My tongue can never tell; It is an everlasting love, In ever rich supply, And so we love each other, My Lord and 1. He knows how I am longing, Some weary soul to win, And so He bids me go and speak A loving word for Him. He bids me tell His wondrous love, And why he came to die, And so we work together, My Lord and I. GOING AWAY TO SCHOOL. BY E. E. R. Preparations are now being made in homes all over the land for sending boys and girls away to school. They have passed the eighth grade, and the little school—house which has heretofore been the fount of learning, is to be followed by something more advanced, something broader and farther reaching in its in- struction. With the young people themselves this period is one fraught with a multitude of joyous anticipations. The great world of which they know comparatively little, lies just ahead. Much of it will be opened to them in the wider field represented by absence from home with new surround- ings and in attendance upon the college of their choice. New associations will be formed, new friendships made. Under teachers of liberal education and cutluro antenvironment will be created which will' not be without its influence. No period of life is more productive of ambitions and aspirations than this which promises so much to youth, the period of development, of roseate dreams of things to come, of great things to be accomplished. Years hence a retrospect may show success, or it may show failure. For the parents, this period immediately preceding the going away from home assumes a different aspect. It is for them a serious one, clouded oftimes by doubts and fears. It means breaking of home ties, weakening of home influences, and absence of the watchful care heretofore their daily portion. Mother’s love will follow, but it cannot shield, as in the past. Father's protection, all powerful during childhood, has its limitations when that period is outgrown. So in leaving home for college practically a new life unfolds, a life evolved from the old, yet in many ways so different from it that it would be difficult to discover a kin- ship between the two. Of the boys who go out from farm homes to enter college, the proportion who ultimately return to it is compara— tively small. There seems to be an idea. in the minds of the young, that superior advantages are offered elsewhere, and that better compensation and less labor are required to gain a livelihood in the city. Until some compelling demonstra- tion to the contrary is shown, present conditions will continue. . That there are young men who arc not thus attracted, and who manifest a belief in the soil, is found in the lives of those who do return to it, and it is truly grati- fying to find the numbers of these in- creasing from year to ychr. Probably one of the first things consid- ered by the parents in selecting a school is its moral environment. The finest ed- ucation in the world counts for nothingr if gained at the sacrifice of those quali- fications which are essential to the truest type of manhood and womanhod. Fath- crs and ‘mothers are loath to trust what is dearer to them than all else, where temptations heretofore unknown beset, yet that is exactly what happens when home is left behind. That disastrous re- sults sometimes follow cannot be given as a legitimate excuse for denying the departure, since these are bound to come anyway. No life can be so shielded as to avoid them, nor would we have it other- wise, since strength of character is gained only by trial. Just as the parent bird sends forth its young, thrusting them out of the nest if necessary, so must the human parent do. Strong bodies come only from exercise of the muscles, and strong lives are not wrought out by being pampered and petted but by exercise of every faculty and for this, temptation is needed. or course, there should be strength proportionate to'meet it. But it is bound to some- And what of our young women? sort of education shall they have? That depends largely upon what their sphere of usefulness is to comprise. I would stop the popular tendency which- leads to typewriting and stenography as its highest ambition, were it in my power. I believe there are better fields of acti- vity for those who are to be the mothers of the next generation. First of all, I would educate young women for home-makers, whatever else they may undertake is quite possibly a. mere incident in their lives. The teacher, the nurse, the stenographer promptly forsake their calling when love steps into the arena, and all other ambitions fall before the master passion. From the beginning this has been woman’s mis- sion, to love, to marry, to rear sons and daughters, and so it will continue, despite all attempts to supercede these with any— thing else. So whatever may be the course mapped out for the future of the American girl let not the housewifely arts and graces be overlooked. Whatever else her edu- cation may include let prominence be given the learning to sew, to cook, and to keep house, as she will no doubt apply it practically before she is thirty years old. What SOME QUESTIONS IN HEALTH VALUES. BY CHARLOTTE A. AIKENS. ,_ A few months ago in Michigan quite a furore was caused among Michigan stock raisers and buyers on account of the ex- istence of several cases of foot-and—mouth disease among animals. The local and state officials immediately got busy with measures for preventing the further dc- vclopment of this disease. Even Uncle Sam was concerned, and ordered the federal authorities to help in searching out the causes and checking the loss of these valuable animals. This is as it should be, preventable diseases among animals or with people, ought to be prevented. In contrast to this panic ovcr a few cases of foot-and-mouth dis- ease, we beg leave to call attention to the daily death list as found in the De- troit daily papers, for one day. From this list we extract the following notices of deaths: “Harry A, aged 2 months; cnteritis.’ Enteritis is the technical name for in- flammation 0f the bowels. “Many M, :lgcd 2 months, gatsro-ente- itis." This is inflammation of the stom- ach and bowels. Mary 1), aged 17 years: hemoptysis, which is hemorrhage the lungs. “Cheslaw G, aged 2 years; cholera in- fantum.” Mary B, aged 6 months; entero colitis,” which is another name for inflammation of tho bowels. and dozens of similar cases every day. Here in one day in the city of Detroit whcro we say vcry boastfully that “Life is worth living," are catalogued the names and agog of 17 babies and children, practically all of whom have died from prevtmmhlo Please remember that this is one day's death list, and that day aftcr day this list is added to, of- deaths of babies from the same causos. Has there been any panic about it? Not that we have noticed. The daily papers haven‘t even suggested that anybody was especially concerning themselves ovcr this “slaughter of the innocents,” that is going quietly on in our midst. “'hy should we bother about 17 babies and children dying in one day? Why Should the state authorities waste time on such useless and valuclcss things as babies? There was a fcarful fuss made just a day or two ago over the discovery of one case of small-pox in Benton Harbor, and the papers suggest that the state troops may be called out to assist in checking it. but the deaths of 50 babies or more from cholera—infantum in a week in one city, fails to excite the interest of ! pulmonary from discuscs. the state or anybody in particular, out- side of the stricken households. Why Is it that this indifference to these condi- tions exist? They are not confined to Detroit by any means. It is the old story, centuries old—”My people doth not consider." “The people perish from lack of knowledge." They perished in the days of the prophets for lack of knowledge, and they perish still from the same cause. The state of Michigan is the people of Michigan. The babies are the babies of the people. In its last analysis this daily death list represents largely a problem in motherhood. It looks to me as tho this problem was of sufficient im- portance or even the statesmen to pon— der over, and devise means for reducing this death rate. It ought surely to be of some interest to the mothers of Michi- gan, and tho the farmer’s children are much less likely to be cut off in the first year or two from preventable diseases than the city children, the farm women of Michigan ought to be concerned about the Slaughter of the Michigan babies, and ought to make their influence felt in measures for improvement. When babies die in the early weeks of life the cause is very often due to a weak run-down or diseased condition of the mother, which leads to a debili- tated condition of the baby, and a low rate of resistive‘force which leaves it a prey to the first adverse condition that it confronts. When a baby dies in the first year or second year from bowel or stom- ach trouble, or starvation, under what- ever tcrm used, it is usually due to the method of fccding it. It isn't a question of surrounding conditions but of ignor- ance, that has to be dealt with. A recent writer in discussing this ques- tion says: “The English authorities are dividing the probable means of improve- ment into three parts, measures dircclcd toward the mother, measures directed toward the child, and measures requiring special lcgal powers. First, lhcrc should be the education of older girls in the care of infants. Thcrc is lack cva- where of instruction in infant hyg'cne and young mothers have to figure out for ihemsolvcs, and gz-t slowly from ox»— pcricnce what ought to be given to tl‘cm as a most important part of their educa- tion. Children must be reared whose whole future depends on the intelligence or ignorance of the mothers, to whom not a word of instruction is given. The fate of the new generation deptnds upon un~~ reasoning chance or impulse. The first stcp towards the obtaining of good moth- erhood should be to train the older girls in the elements of infant hygiene, which ought to be a part of the school cur- riculum. Proper food for the mother is an im- portunt consideration during the baby's first your. otbor should have instruction in how to fccd horsclf and her baby so that it may havo a fair chancc for life. Some time we hope to sec the state pay a little more attention to its babies, at loose as much attcntion as it (loos to the health of its animals. “'hy it should be so deeply conCcrncd ovcr cholera in a hog and So (ltpltll‘fllfly indiffcrcnt to cholera in an infant is a question too dccp for the aVcrage mind to answer satisfactorily. “'8 would especially com- mend the question of tho saving of the babies to Michigan womcn. ’l‘hcy can do :1 good (10:11 to spi'czul a knowledge of hygiene for babics it' llicy once make up their mind. If the woman in the Oranges of Michigan take up thc matter in car- ncst, and Use thcir cl‘forts to stir up tho legislators and state officials on this quvs< tion we shall bol‘ore long see a much smaller daily death list from the diseases mentioned. Tho Mich'gan Farmer is ono of the vcry l'.\v agricultural journals in the country which has considcrcd the lu-alth of the i‘urmcr unl his family of suiliclcnt importunco to dovotc a portion of its spucc cat-h month to family lzozilth mattcrs. llus the city or stoic hculth dcpartmcnl pamphlets for tho instruction of motbcrs'.’ If it has not it cull sub-Iv bo pcrsuudcd to prcpure such pamphlets and provide tin-m for froc distribution. A Qiiostion—Ilox could bo arranged for Orange moctlngs in which the question of mothers could bo answcrcd. “”o shall have rouchcd an altogether highcr stop in civilization \vhcn we show that we are willing to put forth as much organizcd effort to save the babies. as was put forth a few months ago to save the stock. A young housekeeper from Portland, Mich, requests that some of the readers of the Household Dcpartmcnt, of tho Michigan Farmer, send in a recipe for the canning of succotash and also one for making chow chow. _ (11) 135 SUCCESS WITH DAHLIAS. HY MARGARET WHITNEY. Tho dahlias are very pretty flowers many persons object to growing them because they bloom so late in the fall that few of the blossoms open before the early frosts. The bushes are gen- erally full of buds, ready to open, when the first frost comes. One lady who liked these flowers very much, and who never succeeded in get- ting very many before frost arrived, has solved the problem quite satisfactorily and as a. result has an abundance of flowers thru August, September and the first of October. Early in the spring she looks over her bulbs and sets the good firm ones in large flower pots and keeps them warm and moist, so they will sprout. On nice days'thesc pots are placed on a sunny porch to allow the plants to become ac- customed to the outdoor air. At night they are carried into the house again. As the weather gets warmer they are left out all the time. By doing this they need not be put in the yard until there is no danger of frost, but may be kcpt growing in the pots. When the time comes to plant the dahlias out doors, they can be lifted out with the soil in which they have been growing and set into the ground. In this way the growth will not be stopped. Dahlias require a great deal of water and it will be convenient if they are planted as close to the well or cistern as possible. Place a large jar by the pump to catch the waste water and allow it to stand in the sun, in order to become slightly warmer. Use this to water the dahllus with in the evening. One year only two roots sprouted when sot in the ground in the spring, but these gave splendid results. \thn put in the yard the sprouts were five or six inches tall, and the bulbs had good roots. They grew all summer and were more than live ft‘ct high. They commenced bloom- ing in .11in and continued to bloom until frost. At timcs, the lurgcst plant had twcnty-tivc good—sized flowers on at one time besides the smaller oncs on the side branches. The flowers were not allowed to die on the stalk but \vcro cut off as soon as fully open. In this way the strength of the plant was not wasted in ripening the flowers, and new ones were continually being produced. It is not ncCt-ssury to have a great quantity of bulbs to have plenty of flow- ers. If the bulbs are properly cared for, one good bulb cacli of rod, white and yellow vurlctics will furnish an abund- ance of flowers all thru the latter’part of summcr. “’hcn those plants are killed by the frost in the autumn tho tops are cut off and the bulbs dug and carefully dried in thc sun. As soon as they are thoroly dry thcy are wrapped up in a paper and put away until the next: spring. The bulbs multiply so rapidly that even if some should rot bcforc planting time onc. will be reasonably sure of enough good roots for a new start. VALUABLE HINTS. A di43 at $4.25: to Young lambs av 70 at. $6.25; to IIuyos :10 d0 \ 5.3 at $5.73; to Thonlpson 25> sh‘fip 21V 5 at $1; to Parker, \\'. «81: Co. 60 lambs av ; ”L $t;,.-.II, llaloy sold ICSChi‘icll 21 sheep av 100 at $3.50, 40 lambs av 65 at $6. Lachlin Sold Sullivan 1’. Co. 4 av 50 at $4, 20 lambs av 65 at $6 Bcrgin & \V. sold same 11 sheep av 110 at $1.50. Stcphcns sold same 30 lambs av $6.40. same 12 sheep av 100 at sheep 60 at Hogs. Receipts, 1,843. Market steady at last week's prices. Range of prices: Light to good butch- crs, $3716.20; pigs, $7fii'7.50; light yorkcrs, $7.23m7.75; slugs, 1,», MT. Bislmp, B. & H. sold Hammond, 9. & (‘0. 475 av 170 at $8. 91 av 150 at $7.70, 44 av 160 at $7.50, 72 av 165 at $7.75, 3h av 17:") at $7.80, 53 av 190 at $7.00, 14 av 215 at $8.25, 200 at $8.15. Spiccr, M. & R. sold Parker, W. & Co. 102 av 150 at $7.30, 71 av 234 at $8, 72 av 156 at $7.00, 34 av 175 at $7.90. loo Dom. (‘0. sold same 31 1 $7.90 27 av 185 at $7.75, av 75 at Bishop. Ti. & H. sold Sullivan P. Co. 75 av 145 at $7.70.. ' Roe 00m. (To. sold same 20 av 178 at $7.80. 24 av 135 at $7.65. Sundry shippers sold 47 av 150 at $7.85, 23 av same 146 av 190 at $8, 91 av 196 at $8.10 28 av 200 at $8.20.‘ THE MICHIGAN ' FARMER.“ ._ ._n.a.-.»M.eufa sayszmmm 41".!» 4 ; l‘ . A": " ' '0 10 More Bushels of The result of a test. were the same. The extra cost for Potash was 57 CcntS. Potash grain and incrcases the weight, This Fall add 15 pounds of Muriatc of Pota add 10 pounds per 100. New York—93 Nassau Street No Potash yielded 21 bushels per acre. . All clcmcnts arc rcqulrod. but be surc to_ add Potash. Arrange now With your dealer to gut Potash when you need it, GERMAN KALI WORKS, 560-63 Monadnock Building, Chicago Wheat for 87 Cents Two Fertilizers used. in which the quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphates With Potash tho yicld was 31 bushcls. makcs deep roots. givcs strength to the stalk. vitalizcs the plant, fills out Ill'ild and sh per 100 of bone or plain phosphatcs. or——-to 2-8-2 It pays. Atlanta. GIL—[224 Candler Building made by them. handle. taken care of. manufactured. of it. similar quality. ReadOur Htppi and North of the Ohio Rivers. color, tough leather‘like material. asphalt. will not taint rain water. acids. alkali or gases. ROOFING." stands. provided you give it ordinary cure. ens and liardens with age. caps to put it on. without removing same. etc. It is also used as skiing or lining. paid when material reaches destination. We want. $1.00£_e_r Square , Freight Prepaid ! Rubberized, Galvo Roofing! The highest grade Roofing covering manufactured. tely equal or supcrior to any othcr kind manufactured. Covered by a binding guarantcc that protects you in every way. make no mistukcand are not gambling “hen you buy this grade. affirm that no other conccrn anywhere can make you a lower price on ready roollnas than we can. purchased by usdircct from the manufacturers. It isnot in continuous lengths to each roll. rooting usually comes in one continuous piece. but the roofing we are offering isput up two to live picccH to a roll. affect the quality at all. We furnish plenty of material, so that all laps can be properly “'0 are not. advertising the name of the manufac- turers for confidential reasons. brand and name. and are backing it with this guarantee. will positively give as good service and last as long as any ready rooting If there is any rooting better than this. we haven‘t heard Our price 50 percent. below u but is Usually asked for rooting of One ply. per square. $1.00; two ply, per square. 81.25; three ply, per square. $1.75. Special Prepaid Offer We will prepay the freight in full provided your home is within 400 miles .of (‘hlengo or East of the Missis- Rntes to other points on application. ' . {Ion refers only to the ltubbcrlzcd Galvo Rooting in this advertisement. Here is a ro ring that is slate ' It is made. of a combination of wool felt and highest grade of natural It is waterproof, lightning-proof and fireproof It makes buildings warmer in wintcrand t‘oOler in summer. Itlmsarubbery surface and on this account we cad it It does not contain coal tar, rcsldlum, nor anything that will deteriorate in the weather. The best grad? of natural asphalt known is uscd in its nnmut'adture. It does not require a coating after it is 0n the roof. \Ve furnish with each order suiiicicnt cement to make the laps. besides nails and Anyone with an ordinary hammer can lay tliisroollng. You can put it on over shingles It requires but little time to put it on your roof. squares a day. It is appropriate for any kind ofbuildlng, either factory. dwelling, burn. store. church, ‘ It is put up 108 square feet to the square. Q WRITE FOR FREE SAMPLES We ship 0. 0. I). to any point where a deposit 01‘25 per cent. in cash accompanies the order. have other grades of roofing, and can supply your every Ask for our mammoth illustrated tree Catalog No. 28. ‘llsed on the farm, in the office, the factory or the home. VVrlte us today.'tlet our priccson Furniture (S: Rugs. CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING CO.. 35th 6.? Iron Sts.. CHICAGO. ILL._ luarnnteed absolu- Positively You W’e Vic have for sale». large quantity of rooting It is the regular grades A roll of 'l‘luit, of course, does not: ln fact, some people prefer lt, as it is easier to We. are putting it out under our own That it This freight repaid proposi- “'uter runs off it as it docsofl’ n. duck‘s back. It It is not all'ccted by “RUBBERIZED GALVO It will wear as long as the building It tough- 'l'wo men can lay twenty Balance to h0 r>00 pages of bargains. Everything THE LAND OF Sulphur Springs, Mena and Deoueen, IS ALONG The Kansas City and Southern Railway 000d Farm. Fruit and Truck Lands 85 to $20 per acre. near OPPORTUNITY Ark., and Pickering Colony, Louisiana. Write for new Gulf Coast Book, “Current Events," and Business Opportunities. to IMMIGRATION & INDUSTRIAL BUREAU, K. C. S. Ry., No. 409 Thayer Bldg., KANSAS CITY, MO. 0 F R E E ‘ . TRIAL OFFER I will send any re- . I onsible arson n aldwell Bfiiecial En- gine—on 30 days' free trial. and they will tell you all about me. catalog house profits. A high grade, well built, fine] [7 Ye ars‘On The Market J. I). Caldwell EIOGomnlorcl-l Sh. The Caldwell»$pecfal . Gasoline Engine, The , Sensation of the Season—i will prove to you ‘ that the Caldwell Special Gasoline En- gine is mechanically correct. and is by far the best engine obtainable for the money. Try my engine on your farm and if you are dis- ‘ satisfied for any reason what-ever, or learn of an en gins of equal value that can be purchased for less money, you will not be obligated for a single cent. in Waterloo and been in business here for over twenty years. Write any of the eight banks of Waterloo Buy from me and you will save the dealers' and Jobbers' and What W!” I Send You? finished gasoline engine. against efective material for five years. i will send you an engine so simple that you will not have the least difficulty in starting mid success- fully operating at all times. I have satisfied and saved money for thousands of purchasers know that I can satisfy you and can save you from $50.00 to $100.00 on the pricoof your engine. I want. you to compare my prices with the prices (if-other engine companies. Write without fni‘ mr catalog and price list. CALDWELL-HALLOWELL MFG. COMPANY. I have lived A gasoline engine that I will guarantee and Waterloo, Iowa. by the year from March next a married WANTED farmer with no small children. Wife should be neat. and good plain cook. Farming out- llt not required, but one could be used. Fine small farm at station on electric line near Detroit. Mainly cows and poultry. Address Lock Box 373. Detroit. When writing to advertisers Please mention The Michi- gan Farmer. “- . 140. . 1111) t. THE DAIRY CONDUCTED Br COLON o. LILLIE. SEPARATION BY DEEP SETTING. I am only keeping two cows and make butter. I do not get milk enough to buy a hand separator. Kindly advise me if cream can be raised successfully in one of those double can separators—that is where you put the milk in the inner can and put the water around it instead of diluting the milk? I do not want one wheie you have to put water with the mifk. Monroe Co. WM. Fox. If proper conditions are observed, deep setting of milk is the best known way next to the centrifugal separator, or separating the cream from the _1nilk. The old fashioned way was to set the milk in shallow pans, and then the deep setting system was introduwd. 'Deep setting will give a more complete separa- tion, providing several things are ob- served, than the shallow—,pan setting. In the first place, you must have ice water surrounding the milk, the milk must not be disturbed after it is once put into the can, and it should be put into the can just as soon as possible after it is milked. If these things are observed, you can get fairly good results by deep setting, but then you cannot get as large an amount of cream as with the centri- fugal separator. Of course, you don't get complete separation, but you get very fair results if you have ice cold water and keep it cold and put the milk in as soon as you can after milking. As 1 said, this is the best known way of separating the milk, with the execption of the centrifugal separator. It is too bad that Mr. Fox cannot persuade him— self to keep more than two cows and then adopt the latest, most up-to—datc, and scientific way of separating milk—- by using a centrifugal separator. A COMPARISON OF FEEDS. There are two different brands of “dairy foods" for sale in our town, both are so called “molasses feeds” and are by— —p1oducts from ccical factorns and 1111111 3111 \11rv much relished by the cows. Both feeds are now selling at $1.35 per cwt. The analysis gi\en 011 each sack is as 1'1,1llows:No.1—l Why pay $85 to $110 to dealers or agents to 900 . who cannot sell you a separator equal , to the Galloway—closest skimmer— easiest run—easiest cleaned—vlo- -.yr guarantee. Send for BOOK FREE . GALLOWAV co. 643 Galloway Stu” Waterloo. 1.. 12— $ For this SEPARATOR Get bettei value. Save money. D1111 with the actual manu~ iacturcrs. 0111' catalog tells all about the Low Down American Separatm, 0111 1111111511 proposition. low prices.gene1ous terms of pu1- chase long time of trial and cfiic tent. ' guarantee. West tern orders filled from Western points. dress. AMERICAN SEPARATOR 00. BOX 106]. BAINBHIDGE, N.Y . antee. Queen is right. any time. FOR 450- L3. CAPACITY DAIRY CREAM SEPARATUH HIGHEST QUALITY. From factory to you. LOWEST PRICE. No middle profit. Ten-year guar- Thousands in use in Michigan,,because the Dairy The price is right. Allegan, March 29. ’09— I tried in Dairy Queen beside a De Laval, Sharples, and Omega, and bought it because it is simpler. runs lighter, akims closer and in three years use cost nothing for repairs and is as good as new Ask your neighbor. GEO. H. JEWETT. Litchfleld, May 24, ’OQ—I have used 3. Dairy Queen for 4 years. it is very easy to operate and take care of, runs light and skima close and we have not been to one cent of expense for repairs. Thousands of such letters. Order today. Freight paid. W. E. BALLAIIE, Mtg. sales Manager for Michigan, [OWELL MICH. 39‘ If your letter was r1 turned write us again. is. w. Romnson. Free trial. Money back NICORN DAIRY RATION‘fiffidigizfstggfg on the market. It has increased the milk output. 25 gallons 3. day in nu- merous cases; it will increase it for you. Send for Booklet, prices, etc. CHAPIN & CO. Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. L l a .1 AUGUST 21,3999. WVYYYYVYYYVYVYYVY'VVV.fi ALLA F. ' POULTRY MALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRES- ENT POULTRY SITUATION. A grain merchant, who distributes an enormous amount of grain, recently said that there are one-third, at least, fewer hens and chickens than the normal num- ber in the territory he supplies with grain. No doubt this shortage comes very largely from the very high prices of grain. There is no doubt about grain being high. Again, there is no doubt that eggs are going to be in demand, and the same may be said of table poultry. August finds eggs rising—30 cents a. dozen for the nearby fresh article. Live f0wls bring 13 to 14 cents per 1b.. and. broilers 16 cents. These are very high prices for the season, but in view of the apparent short crop of chickens it looks as the eggs would pretty nearly bring five cents each before Thanksgiving. There are hundreds of thousands of hens in this country that are kept at a. loss on account of their age. I am a stickler for pullets, but this year I am inclined to think the price of eggs will be such that a good profit can be had from yearling hens but not from older ones. For egg purposes I believe year- lings are the limit for profitable pro- duction. Offsetting Greater Cost of Feed. There are two or three ways in which the high prices of grain can, in a meas- ure, be partially offset. The first is by culling closely and getting rid of the loafers. Also, better care than has been given by many will materially increase egg production. A considerable increase in income may be had 'by offering a nice article to a. good trade. Sit and watch the condition of eggs as they are brot to market, in the :average grocery store. No pains are taken. The eggs are‘ dirty, many of them unfit to take to market. If a hen steals her nest and sits upon a nestful of eggs a few days they are considered lit to put into the market basket, altho few would caie to eat them in home— cooked food. The mixing of good with bad reduces the Selling price of the case, hence if one would get the best price possible he should endeavor to have an article that can always be depended upon for its fresh- ness. and then look for a market that demands a good article. A good many seem to think that the main point is to get the eggs off: their hands, but in shipping eggs to market for a good class of family trade the stock is all candied before being placed 011 sale, and if you have shipped stale eggs you will sooner or later be found out. It is much better to have the name of furnish- ing a fancy article and have reputable concerns always anxious to secure your eggs. Many times during a shortage they will offer a premium of lfiil2c per doz. on (ggs which they know can be depended upon. Boston is the New England market for fancy fresh eggs. I think, by shipping there, I realize about two cents a dozen above what local buyers will pay. But if one is producing eggs in insufficient quantities to be able to hold them and have thcm fresh until a case is filled, there is a good chance gonci‘ully for as many neighbors as wish, to join forces and fill a case quickly. Eggs. can be shipped quite a distance by fast freight or express for one cent per dozen. Then, too, in selling on such a market you get cash and can spend it where you can get most for it. Short Feeding is Expensive. Another thing: many think to mizc when grain is high by short feeding. Remember the, surplus, above the amount of food required for maintenance, is what produces eggs. You can't fool the old hcn but she can fool you. If she is short fcd she, will stop laying but still be very comfortable on a llltlllil‘t‘liiiiu't‘ ration, and you will get no income at all from her. Short feeding is expensive feeding to any farm animal. Vthn‘ grain is high and the chanccs for profit are cut down. it lies with us to “get into gear” and in some way offset the adverse conditions so far as is possible. 'Somctimcs it means better and cleaner quarters, sometimes culling, and sometimes better quality and variety in feeding. I believe that at such a time it is short— sighted to stop raising chickens, or to sell off pullets after they have been raised. When the conditions are adverse, sufficient poultry keepers whose hens are econo- THE MICHIGAN FARMER. ' in no way their dependence, will drop out, and this will give those who need their flocks a wider market and higher prices.‘ Maine. D. J. RY'I‘HER. (It should be borne in mind that the prices named by this correspondent are those at present prevailing in the eastern markets for goods of the choicest quality. The prediction that the price of eggs will double by Thanksgiving will not be Credited by some, allho fcw.will ques- tion the statement that values will be sufficiently high to make good hens, 111- telligently managed, very desirable prop- erty the comihg wint01‘.——Ed.) IN ANSWER TO INQUIRIES. Rye vs. Wheat for Feeding. A Hillsdale Co. reader sends an inquiry concerning the feeding value of rye as compared with wheat for fowls. Since the value of grains for feeding depends upon the food nutrients secured from them during the processes of digestion, it is natural to turn to the Chemist’s analyses in making a comparison of this kin-d.‘ The feeding tables show that there is little choice between these grains so far as digestible nutrients are concerned, the analyses showing wheat to contain 10.2 per cent protein, 69.2 per cent car- bohydrates and 1.7 per cent fat, while rye contains 9.1 per cent protein, 69.7 per cent carbohydrates and. 1.3 ‘per cent fat. The nutritive ratio, therefore, of wheat is 1:7.1 and of rye 1:8. In other words rye fed alone would constitute a. wider ration than wheat alone. It is slightly more starchy than wheat and therefore, supposedly, a trifle superior as a food for keeping up body temperature and for fattening. However, the differ- ence is so small that, as stated above, there is really little to choose between them and we know of no reason why the one might not be satisfactorily sub- stituted for the other. It should be re- membered, however, that the nutritive ratio of each (f th'tse grains is rather wide, necessitating the addition of foods fairly rich in protein if they are em- ployed in making up a ration for growing chicks or laying hens. Turkeys Suffer from Colds. My turkey s' heads are very much swelled below eyes. A thin mattery fluid runs from nose but they do not appear sick. Clinton Co, ,_ . Probably due to cold in head caused by exposure to wet or to strong draughts. Bathe the head with a chlorate of potash solution and give a stimulant. One com- monly used is made as follows: Mix 1,5; teaspoonful each of ginger, cayenne pep- per and mustard with a teaspoonful of lard. Roll the mixture into good—sized pills and give two to each full—grown fowl daily. Roup in Advanced Stage. Some of my hens make a rattling sound in breathing ’l‘luii (OlIlI)S tuIn a bluish purple Bowels aic Vcry loose. They live about two weeks in this condition. They have. a free range. Some say it is caused by green oats. Charlcvoix (To. VV. H. Ill. The symptoms given are all present in that disease which is dreaded by every poultryInan~~roup. In addition this dis— ease is generally accompanied by dis- charges from the eyes, nostrils and month, by swclling of the hood and by sore patches in the month and throat. It commonly results from neglected colds, but fowls that have, otherwise become vvoakcncd or run down are susceptible, especially if subjected to cxtremes of heat and cold or exposed to (iampncss, foul air or lilthincss. Treatment is of little value after the been reached. li‘owls which DI‘UIli)llli(‘(‘d rattling sound in should be promptly bodies bnricd or danger of the produce a breathing burned disease at once. spreading to the entire {lock is sccn when it is remembered that the matter discharged from the head is highly infectious; also that the discharges from the bowels contain germs which will cause the 'l‘horcforc fowls which as ycl show no signs of case should, if possible, be removed to grounds which have not been traversed by the sick fowls. Then these fowls should be closely watched lost a fresh outbreak Occur among them. (Toniinc the affected ones—such as are considered worth treating—to limited quarters and thoroly clean up and disinfect every part of the premises ,to which the diseased fo'wls have had access. In treating affected fowls, wash the head and sy~ ringe the nostrils and mouth with equal parts of peroxide of hydrogen and water daily. Feed only beef: tea, bread soaked in milk or raw eggs. discasc. stage indicated has (‘lcsiroycd and the: The . i dis- V3-8TR0KE SELF-FEED HAY PRESS. 141 (17) CORN IS ADOUBLE CROP F OR THE MAN WITH THE RIGHT MACHINES HE grain—that is, the ears—represent only about 60 per cent of the feeding value of' your corn crop. The other 40 per. cent—almost half of the feeding value—is in the plant If you leave the stalks standing beyond the time that the corn has reached its maturity, the feeding value of the fodder dwindles to almost nothing. _ The wind and weather leave little more than woody fiber. Then you get only the ears as your return on the crop. You make com a single crop. To make corn a double crop—to get your full 100 per cent feeding value—handle the crop so that the . fodder will be about equal to timothy hafy for feeding. USE I. H. c. CORN, MACHINES You cannot harvest the corn rapidly enough by hand to conserve the nourishing elements of the fodder. To hire enough help to do this would eat up the profit. Go over the field when the ears begin to glaze, with a Deering, McCormick, Milwaukee or Osborne corn binder. One man and a team is all that is needed. The harvester will cut and bind the corn as fast as the team can walk, and dump the bundles in piles ready for shocking. Then put the crop through the husker and shredder. A Deering, McCormick or Plano husker and shredder will husk the ears, cut the stalks, leaves and husks into fine shreds, giving you a roughage rich in protein, starch and sugar and one that the stock Vv1l1 relish. That’ s the 100 per cent way of handling the corn crop—that is hOW thousands of farmers have doubled up on returns from their corn land. Start this season to get your 100 per cent. To invest in two machines that will save the 40 per cent feeding value every year will certainly appeal to you when you get to figuring. Talk it over with the International local agent or write us for full particulars. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA (Incorporated) Chicago, U. S. A. ‘ several pairs of old and young White MllflCOVB Ducks. Also White Must be good. State prices and num— E. J. HABKINS, Piltsford, Mich. IWAN' China (.‘eese. her to spare. Eggs for hatch- Barred Plymouth Rocks 1.. p... 1.... $1; 26 for $1. 50; so for $2.51); 1:4 per hundred. Satisfac- .. tion guaranteed. Colont‘. Lillie. (‘oopersville Mich. EGG 8 —Light Brahma. White \Vyandotte and B P. Rocks $1 a setting. $1.50 for two settings. E. l). BISHOP. Route 315, Lake Odessa.MiCh. S BI.A(‘K Minorca eggs at $1.50 per setting of . / . 171. P. (‘. Pigs singly or in pairs of the best breeding. R. W. MILLS, Saline. Mich. We hatch our best 8'01 Brown LGgIIOI‘IiS. birds in June and July Our besteggsis per 11111;:1 per 15 Send for cir- cular best tlock in Mich. l“ Ied Mott Lansing, Mich. THE “NEW WAY” PRESS '- is a horizontal press. It holes 1% to 2V tons per hour. Feed hole ilixoi) inches—c114)! to feed; no trainping, fork only used. Revolutionizcstbeloose liaiing sy~.te111. Makes the very desirable eastern market bale. Boats III Box and Uprlghl Presses hy (IUIlltf 100 per cent more work. Stands at work just at; y no see it in the cut. Very portable. Adapted to bank ham work. “1' e also make Horse and llelt Power Presses. Write for catalog, I. ILVER Laced Golden and White Wyandottea. 500 line breeders to Select from after Oct. 1. W'atch our ad. for bargains. (‘. W. Browning. Portland, Mich. ‘ been breeding them con- Wlule Wyandolies, mm... ..... .... A. Franklin Smith. 3.19.1). No. 9, Ann Arbor, Mich. SINGLE 00MB WHITE lEGHOiiiiST£5g§.l%€."1“5‘?€£ :1: 26 for $1 50: 50 for $2. 50: $4 per hundred. Satisfac- tlon guaranteed. Colon t. Lillie, (‘ oopersville. Mich. 0005- FOX AND WOLF HOUNDS ' of the best English strains in Ameri- ca; 40 Veara experience in breeding these line hounds for my own sport: 1 nowS offer them for sale. Send stamp for Catalog no I. B. HUDSPETII Sibley. Jackson 60.. Mo. SANDWICH MFG.CD-. 140 MAIN 3L. SANDWICH. ILL. for greater capacity and profit making. We positiV ely guru antec Spencei 3 1’1 css to do over y- thing our new illustrated catalog 1) claims (11 no sale and frei rht 1efunded.Shippcd on ten days’ free trial. rite today. Please mention this paper. LA. Spencer. DwightJll. SPEN GER HAY PRESS RAINEI) FOX ROUNDS and Hound Pups for hunting fox and cocoa. Also Collies dz Ferrets. Inelose 20 stamp. W. E. Lecky, Holmesville. Onto. FERRETS. 1 4,000 LIGHi AND DARK FERRETS l Catalog tree. C. J. Dll'llCK. Rochester. Ohio. Satisfaction Guaranteed All Steel and Iran Two Man can run it. Thu Auto- Fodan iiay Press Bo. 1511 W. 12th 51. K. c. Mo. Ask for Catalogue No. 11 1.2 A TEE momma EARMER . : m 533;; 53:33.52; .1221: $105.“: Holds a Big Load Safely, iHORTlCULTUREa ‘ it'll?” ,n 7,," .‘Iiuliil'lliliiniflq will“ it’ll» Iii. A Md!” “iii! . possible, and a heavy application of well . . . . rotted manure should follow at once. E ' l ' d w h B *A‘AAAAAA‘A‘AAA‘A*“““ The roots require the rest and time to as" y an It out 111131119— DESCRIPTION AND WORK OF THE recuperate that nature has designed; and , TUSSOCK MOTH. the better the conditions and the longer and won t Break Your BaCk the period of rest the better for the suc- it no I! W; , m, din” lIll!!!lillllilllhllillll 2M 1.554. :» .22— Particularly those farmers who have ceeding crop. So it becomes especially E VI?“ h“?“°"°" “tabs“ TE? 13"."? v.°"“bl° 5°?!" F"? K“ d°“.t " 3’“ “0‘86 mi’ch . . _ _ ‘ . . _ ac ac .e, Ime an rcan say In an In our crop. ts a too t at mean: mo t . tit and admire shade trees on the lawn and important that the clumps intended for made With flat, bluni ends so that it handles vegeta . es and fruits without bruising them. lilhintdlea corn with- farm, are concerned about the depreda- winter forcing especially, should receivo out the_ pants luclpna into the-cob. When It picks up a on It screen: out all dirt or snow—think of this 3 tions of the ttISSOCk moth. In some early attention , convenience. especially In handling com that has a fall of snow on top of it. ' . . . . _ ' . . he scoop share cf this Fork holds a large load and carries It safely and easily. You can handle a large communities trees are nearly defoliated The Asparagus Bed. load in the Vegetab e ScooE Fork With leaslabor and backache than you can a small load on ashovel. Wooden and it is difficult for a good farmer to Baring a few of the staple vegetable scoop. wire scoop or any at ei- fork made. The perfect balanced “hang" is responsible for this. Besides its profitable use for handling vegetables and fruits. you will find it the most useful or on your farm for dozens of Sit by and watch the dcstructlon go on crops, as potatoes, tomatoes, etc., I know otherpurpdses, suchashandling lime andcoal, gatheringatoneainthefield.cleaning upthebarnyard.etc..etc. without a protest from him. Entomolo- of none for which there is a greater de— ¢.W .. .. «vino-“Who ..... ~*'—-‘- ngt 0f the state experiment station, mand than asparagus. There is no ques- The True Temper vegetable SCOOP Fork Prof. R. 1'1. Peltit, has the following to {ion as to the money value of the pro- comea in eight tine size for Icoopin into barrels or sacks and in ten tine size for general use: also in twelve tines say about the D95“ (lUCt; and the WODGOI‘ is that more is for special work. It is highest qua ity throughout—a tool that will last a life time—one you can be roud of. A close partnership seems to exist in not grown. For best results it requires it bears the True Temper tra e mark_—the sign of tested and approved quality. placed there byt e largest \ Michigan between two enemies of park q t -. 1 . -1. b t 1 ‘1"n ti ’1 1 - thi makers 0H“!!! and garden hand tools in the World. . ‘ _ ’ '* - W (“<1 501 v u 3‘ ‘1 g 1‘5 K ea in S _ f you don I find the True Temper Vegetable Scoop Fork at any of your dealers. write us direct. We and shade-trees, the tussock—m 01h and respect, good crops may be grown on . Wlll make it our business to see you are supplied with the genuine. the fall \\ eb worm. Both 1( < d on a. oi dinai y ground. For those desnous of . American Fork & Hoe C°_ great variety of trees and shrubs, fruit— starting new beds, the autumn iS the .. trees and ornamciitals, and both do their best time to prepare the ground. High § l (avg) work at nearly the same Umt‘, the fiFSt locations with sunny exposure should, if I named being SHmt’Whilt filth??- possible, be selected, and where natural The web-worm makes “5 work 0011' dra'nage is not sufficient, the early au- SDh'llmlS h." spinning 11”?“ “Th.“ in the“ tumn, while the ground is usually dry is branclics of trees during late summer and the best possible time to provide this early fail], but the tussor-k moth does not. either by open ditches 01‘ under drains. produce any conspicuous nest other than By “11 means shady locations should be I the cocoon in which it passes the Dllhfil avoided and the ground should be thoroly ' Smf-IC- chaired of stones, roots or other rubbish. The 31 R0118}. h The caterpillars of the tussock-mmh Deep fall plowing and, if need be, sub- YearOld Beanng are very l)1‘<‘tl.\' OhLiC‘ClS. being XVHUW With soiling will amply repay all extra ex— blau‘k longitudinal stl‘ii‘H‘S and brilliant pcnsc of time and trouble; and with this Free From Cog Gears—Direct Chain Drive—Light Draft—Choice of Every- ”‘d heads. Th“ 1mm" is Sllb’b‘t‘su’d by plowingr should go down as large a quan— body Who Really Knows Manure Spreaders. “‘0 brush-like l”””'““-“ “f 11”” “1‘ 11“" tity of manure as can be (-(‘invenicnlli' Whyexperiment! TheSuccessislnuseatnearlyall Agricultural Colleges andU. S. Experimental W W“ “ “ii“ 1‘ mm This wt rm bem- im1m_‘.WWH:’h garnered?prams: and adorn the intci'ioi‘ part Of 11W hithli nizido now than in spring, as the plums Distinguishe teaturesmndeexciusivothrough patents. rl‘wo more are, long and black and pro- should be set by the timo that soil con— Equipped With Either Steel jt‘Cl. forward on cacli side of the head. A (“”0115 will permit of thoro work being 01' WOOden Wheels single similar black tuft projects biick— done, and if left until then it is very ‘ , Executive Offices. Dept. L Cleveland. 0. word from the tail. The cutt‘I‘Dilhll‘S liable to be only half donc. \ sometimes reach the length of two Now as to the (.nmmhmg of the old illt‘llt'S. bcds, it is more than probable that tho \Vlicn full Sizc is l‘I‘m'th, 1h“ cater- beetles are now getting in their work of pillar spins a loOSc ('01'0011 Of may Silk, dovastntion upon tlio tops. This should wczivinp; in the hairs from the skin. and hp stoppcd “1 once for the, roots require ll(“l‘(“ it waits for a. few weeks. Finally the best summer and autumn top growth 1110 adult moth comes forth. Stl'zmgt‘ 10 possible. l’nris grocu and air—slackcd E m E m m m m NW, 11H" fi‘milh‘ is WhiRh‘SS‘ Sh“ hilS limc ploniifully dustod on, in the early 103:8 and lUHliS jllSt hh“ Ulht‘l‘ “WNW “1‘ 1110111ng while it is still and the tops are niillcrs with tho wings cut MT 8‘4“”. dump with dew, is a prom} remedy. Bor- ’[‘ho mule is provided with wings just as dcaux ini.\l1.ll‘c :iiid arsciuitc of lead is :“‘0 lht‘ majority “f h‘Wth 01' ”lilh’l's- still bcttcr and it adlioi'os to the plants, 17011111111101." 111“ ft'mélh‘s 111'“ “‘1'." 1””? with greater tenacity than any known travvlm‘s and alwni's 1:13' their was on i‘cnicd)’. They should liC‘ gotten rid of the cocoons from which tlicy liuVo just at some rate as their onslaught Will emerged. 'l‘llt'sc (-g‘g‘s are small and s'ccd- surely impair the vigor of the roots with “k” “W1 11"“ laid in '4 “n“ “HWY-V ”Qt“ the certain result of detriment to next wliivli drios down and is ("IlSlly crumbled. year‘s ('l'ttll- Many authorities say, “Cut 'li‘ui'llicrinoi'c llio cocoons are usually tho 101“ in late autumn.” I prefer to do pluwcd uuitc HIH‘lll)‘, and thc snow—white tli‘s before the scod is matured for I «pg—mosses iiizlkc lllt‘lll quitc 1‘HllFDlCII- 114'\'<“l‘ Could sce the sense of taxing the one. The llHiSl effective i'cniody in our rm,” to mum“, tlic St‘t‘d These Roller Bearings are as Good As a Horse One man with ii. Louden Litter Carrier on London overhead steel track system can clean the barns In half the time that two men only to be cities and parks is to gntlior the ('HL‘OUllS destroyed hum. (m. It is said (and truly, . . , - i . . ._ . . , would tal'o Without it. That’s Louden econ— .iiid buin 1li‘tlll. Therefore bonding and ll'éllHl-lllvlllllif; of the cocoons havo to suffice, and those usually prove sufficient have had many inquiries asking trouble with pear and apple {recs having portions thereof affected as if scorched by fire. “Twig blight.” or “fire blight,” are the names commonly given to this Scourge. It is a bacterial disease and is spread by the bacteria of affected lollycs or limbs being carried from place to plucc. ’l‘hrce general methods of treatment are recommended, namely, choosing rc— sisinnt vai‘iclics, kccpinar the trccs grow- ing healthy (not too slow nor too fast), and cuttings; out and burning: the affected parts. Spraying will not reach the dis? ('ilSt‘. 'l‘oo rapid growth of the trccs‘ permits the germs to get a hold since‘ the new parts are, not so firm as on Wood more slowly grown; and, on the other hand, trees lacking in vigor are‘ (-qually susceptible to attacks. An even? licaltliy growth is, therefore, desired. The susceptibility of_varietics varies in different localities. Study the work of \‘ AN URE SPREADER bought In 1909. Write today for full partic- ulars. and ask for our FREE SPREADER BOOK. which proves that the Appleton Manure . Spreader is as strong as steel and oak can make .- it; so simple that any boy who can drive a team . can run it as well as any man: and so effective in operation that it never bunches the manure. but pulverizes thoroughly and distributes evenly from the beginning to the end of the load. APPLETON MF’G. C0. 20 Fargo St. Batavia. ”L, U. S. A. ’ if conscientiously done. SOME TIMELY TOPICS. Caro of tlic rhubarb bod is now in order and cspccinlly so, if a winter crop is grown. Now that the summer growth is exhausted it is highly important that work among: the plants should begin. All grass and woods should bo dostroyod either by horse or hand culture, and while this work is going on. 'wlicrcvcr possiblc without intcrfcrencc to other crops, induce the lions to work among it. Scattering small amounts of the fine grains anionic; the plants will encourage their work and it is the best protection against the beetles which are getting,r cs- “ ~' T rftflltfl'flf" Dowden Simple, strong, always in order. Works in all 'oils, all depths, hillside and level. No cutting and none missed. Potatoes always clean, lying on top of ground. Works well in heavy tops. pecizilly (roublcsotno to the summm. crop. the disease around you and choose, other 5 d F F DOWDEN/MFG- COMPANY . . , on or P0. The plants should not be allowed to ma- factors being .even, those kinds that 80 . 973 Elm sumot, Pralrlo City, In" ".5... W ture any seed stalks as this is a greater reSISt attacks, if you intend to set out ....._. a new apple or near orchard and have «1minuponthevitaliwvfimplants“m“ apprehension to the trouble the dis- When writing to Advertisers mention the Michigan Farmer. the growth of all the leaf stalks of the ease might give you. st..uawuer ., e» %).M+___..y____ _5,.__....._.....-- M h: “I I fix is s» *i’ s!‘ . - Avavs'r21...._aoo.~. :; I , _"Yvyy-VY,.! ch‘Y-YVVVV’YY .- » .€I‘_I;A.A—'ALA.ALLAAAAAAAAAAAA our Mottoe—“The Farmer is of more consequence than the farm, and should be first ,. improved." THE AUGUST PROGRAMS. Second Meeting—Ceres Day Program. (Prepared by Mrs. A. J. Kellogg. Ceres of Michigan State Grange.) ’ “Nothing succeeds as well as success.’ “Knowledge is power" in its attainment. Music, “Prepare for the Harvest.” Roll call, responses to answer the ques- tion, “HOW can we aid our Ladies' Court in its work?" (With the response each member is asked to hand Ceres a bouquet of grains or grasses to contribute to the Court decorations.) Recitation, “The Corn Song,” (by J. G. Whittier). . . Paper, “Domestic Science in the Home Necessary to a Harvest of Health.” Music, “\Vhere there’s a will there’s a. wa .” Pfiaper, “Higher Education Toward the Farm for Our Best Harvest—the Boys and Girls.” Recitation, “The Barefoot Boy” (by J. G. Whittier). - Discussion, “Resolved, That agricultural college training is more necessary to the farmer than the university to the profes- sional man.” ' . Music, “I Love the Dear Old Farm th Best of All.” PROGRESSIVE GRANGE METHODS. One beauty of the Grange is that it originated among men and women from the farm, directly interested in agricul- ture. It was not foisted upon farmers by others. It has always shown its adap- tability. It fits the calling of its mem- bers as a glove the hand. Therefore no better illustration of what is meant by progressive Grange methods can be found than is shown by the progress of agriculture itself. Men are not depending on a native fertile, soil so much as upon the fertility of their brains, applying thot to farming, management to muscle. The same as in other vocations, there has developed in agriculture the result of hav— ing a, head and using it. \Vhat charac- terizes good farming as great business enterprises isthe type of managing men that has been developed—men who study and practice the art of planning things, laying ‘out work,’ often for others, and bringing results to pass by carefully pav- ing Rh? way for them. The need is for men of" ability and capacity. Carnegie once said, “The industrial world is on the hunt for men who can take responsi— bility and shoulder it and call for more.” Sys‘te’t‘lmtization is the present watchword of business. ' Every word is true of the agricultural world. Success comcs with study of conditions and systematic prclmralions to make the most of them along already established lines. Progressive agricul— tural and progressive Grange work should go hand in hand. Both are dependent on brains for motive~enot the brains that are looking for novel conditions nor for freak adventures, but the ability to make a thing grow in seemingly unpropitious conditions if need be, It must now be apparent that the idea. to be conveyed by the term “progrrs- 'sive Grange methods is one of more in- tensi‘vc culture, rather than of more ex- tended Grange exertion. T.he virgin soil that at first produced huge crops must needs be maintained by‘ systematic means in order that the later products shall not be scant in yicld or poor in quality. It is because this fact of common expe- rience in practical agriculture is lost sight of in practical Grange work that the life of so many Granges waxes and wains, with a decided tendency to wain rather more than to wax. Grange soil must be maintained by a well balanced rotation of Grange crops. JENNIE BUELL. LENAWEE PATRONS ENJOY PICNIC. Fivc Granges—Morenci, Medina, Lime Creek, Sugartown and Chesterfielde—all located in the southwestern part of Lena» wee county, joined in a picnic meeting, Saturday, Aug. 7. Perfect weather, a good program of sports and an excellent literary and musical program completely filled the day and made it one that will long be remembered by the Patrons of that section. - A game of baseball between Lime Creek and Sugartown was the first sport . v ' . e 'n a re of El its? arts: T... other diversions were a nail—driving con“ test and a- wheelbarrow race, . After enjoying an old—fashloned picnic dinner beneath the tents and trees, the crowd assembled and, before beginning the literary program, committees were appointed to arrange for a Similar gath- ering next year. Then follower] a num- ber of recitations, essays and musmal I numbers Which, prepared the audience for the solid talk toicome from State Master Hull. . . The State Master's Address. Briefly summed up, Bro. Hull said: All farmers ought to belong to the Grange. It is to»be noted that some who do belong attend only occasionally, but it is the same with all other societies and organ- izations. There' are always some who are of a tired disposition and follow the lines of least resistance. Such people are in need of a little more inspiration and enthusiasm. He declared that he cared more about giving this inspiration and awakening enthusiasm than about talking of new things in the Grange. The mm- ister of the gospel calls his hearers to- gether weekly not so much to tell them new things as to keep up their inspira- tion. Such is true of all societies. He believes that it is the duty of man to take care of his future salvation and to observe the Sabbath, but he believes also that man ,has a duty to perform the other Six days of the week. Six-sevenths of the time he is striving to accumulate a store to take care'of himself and fam- ily during sickness, calamity and death. The measure of our value is determined by what we accomplish and by the degree of our success. ‘ The Grange is an organization to better the .condition of the farmer financially, educationally and socially. Organization is necessary. All other classes of men have organized for their own protection, and so should the farmer. Civilization depends on organization. We cannot expect to correct injustices singly and alone.’ If conditions are wrong we con suit with neighbors, get together, organize and finally results are accomplished. The Grange has not accomplished as much as it might if it had not been for the indifference of its supporters and members. There is still too much differ- ence between the cost of production and the retail price of many necessities of life, which. could be corrected by concerted action on the part of the Grange. Rural free delivery of mail has added largely to the value of farms and has saved the farmers' many dollars’ worth of time, but at the same time we should remember that it was the Grange organ— ization that brot about this condition of affairs. The cost of maintaining the National Grange organization is a small matter when compared with the results accomplished, and the expense to each member of the Grange is a more nothing, being only five cents per year. Education means contact—contact with new faces, new ideas, new c\'t-1‘_\‘tllillg—~ and the Grange is one of the, best means of educating the boys and girls on the farm. Eight out of ten successful business men were brot up on the farm, and it it acknowledged that the ranks of busi— ness men must. be,co‘ntinually replctcd with boys from the farm. The speaker closed his address with an appeal to'those outside of the Grange to come inside and belong to an organi- zation that would makc them bcttcr and help educate their children. lie would have them join and move shoulder to shoulder in a cause that is worthy of their support. ‘ . ALGER AND DICKINSON ENTER LIST OF GRANGE COUNTIES. State Deputy Wilde has added Alger Co, to the list of Grange counties, having organized the first Grange in that county at Chatham, Saturday chning. Aug. 7. It was christened Chatham Grange and the follow‘ng officers chosen: Master. 'lhomas llzillstrom; ovcrsccr, Gottfried Johnson; h-clurcr, Leo M. ‘xcismar; steward, Harmidas Chartier; ass't slew— ard, John Chat-tier; lady ass’t steward, Mary Charticr; chaplain, Ovid J. Roy; treasurer, John Charticr; secretary. Al— bert Nyman: gate keeper, August \Vick- strorc; Ceres, Eva Chartier; Pomona, Emma Anttila; Flora. Helena Hallstrom. Osier Grange.——A Grange was organized at Osicr, Delta Co., Friday evening, Aug. 6, by Deputy John Wilde. The following are the officers: Master, A.‘ M. Snyder; overseer, Clifford Jones; lecturer. Flor- ence Chenail; steward, I-l'cnry Snyder; ass’t steward, C. R, Snyder; lady ass‘t steward, Millicent Snyder; chaplain, Eli- zabeth Snyder; treasurer, Octave (Zhenail; secretary, John lVIorin; gate keeper, Chas. Chenail; Ceres, Mary Joncis; Pomona, Louise Rochefort: Flora, Kate \Vinklcr. Foster! City Grange.——State Deputy “'ilde organized the first Grange in Dick- inson Co., at Foster City, Brcen Town— ship, Friday evening, July 23, with the following officers: Master, Ed. E. Ketch- um; overseer, A. 1". Farrell; lecturer, \Villiam Moore; steward, Robert Farrell; ass‘t steward. John Asp: lady ass’t stew- ard. Ruth Farrell; chaplain, A. C. Por- tcriield; treasurer, Joseph Kelly: sccrc— tary, Michael Kenny; gate keeper, Wm. N. Iq‘lu‘l‘oll; Ceres, Mrs. E. Ketchum; Po— mona, Mrs, J. Kelly; Flora, Mrs. 3». Erickson. ' COMING EVENTS. Pomona Meetings. St. Joseph Co., with Constantine Grange, Tuesday. Aug. 24. Deputy D. H. Pound. state speaker. ' \Vestern Pomona (Ottawa Co.) Tighnadgc Grange. Friday, Aug. 27. ummet Co., with Pickerel Lake Gran e Phidayg Sept.24. g ’ Picnics and Rallies. Kent Co. Pomona Grange will hold a farmers’ picnic in Byron township, Kent Co., Wednesday, August 25. Fourth and fifth degree session with Carlisle Grange in the evening. Master N. P. Hull, state speaker. Lapeer Co. Pomona will hold Grange rally and basket picnic at Lake Pleasant Cedar Landing, Thursday, Aug, 26. I anCliail‘levoix Co..&mfiges will hold second nua picnic w1 a le Gr Saturday, Aug. 28. p ove Grange,- with erHEMICHIGAN FARMERS “W i FAR-MERS’ CLUBS] L» Address all correspondence relative to the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. W. L. Cheney, Ma‘son, Mich. Associational Motto.— The skillful hand, with cultured mind, is the farmer’s most valuable asset. Associational Sentiment.— The farmer; he garners from the soil the primal wealth of nations. PLANNING FOR THE—AOHVE CLUB SEASON. While a majority of the clubs in the state hold monthly meetings thruout the year, quite a numbeyp not, and in a majority of those th' do hold monthly meetings the summer season is not one in which the most active work- can be accomplished by the organization. Most of the special features of this work must be reselyed for the fall and months, but much of the planning for that special work can and should be done before the season of really active club work arrives. It is not too early to begin making plans for these special features which add so much to the interest of the club members and the promotion of club extension thru the participation of those not now identified with the organization in the enjoyment and benefit of such special feature work. In laying the plans for the active club season, one feature which should not be overlooked is an appropriate observance of Memory Day. Such a move on the part of every club in the statc Would be particularly fitting and appropriate, for the reason that that day may properly be said to be a ll‘armcrs’ ("lull institution, it having been first suggested by l-lx—Asso— ciational Prosidcnt J, 'l‘. lianiclls, adopt- cd by tho State Association in annual scssiun assembled and finally thru Farm- ers’ Club influence made the subjcct of a resolution by the slatc legislature. For these reasons, as well as for tho ln-auliful sentiment which the idea rcprcsl-uis, cvery farmers’ club in the state should take some appropriate action looking to- ward the propcr and effective observance of Memory Day. on September 31), by the and improvement of the local cemclcries. The Club fair is another special feature which is well Worthy of the carcful con- sideration of cvnry club in the state. It has proven a profitable feature in a score or more of clubs and wlu-n oncc adoplcd is seldom if cvcr abandoned. The fair season which will so soon open will afford the lllt‘llllJi rship of every club opportunity dccol'u lion to glean valuable, suggcstions from the cxhibils at those general and local agri- cultural- shows. Some may argue that an elaborate display will not rI-pay the effort required lo bring it iogwlhwr. but many clubs huvc found that it pays. so well that they kccp right on doing it. and the proof of the pudding is in the eating, and not in the contemplation thereof. These lines of feature work are incu- tioncd at this time for the reason that the season is at hand when they should be planncd for if they arc to be made a part of the club program for lhc active season of club ’l‘hcrc many other special features which might close work. are be mentioned, but onco Ilu- subjcct‘ comes up in the club. thcy will suu'u’x-st themsolvcs to the mcmbcrs and the (in- joyuicnt‘ of this kind of spccial fcaluro work will be the grcatcr for the pleasure and interest taken in planning it. CLUB DISCUSSIONS. Elect New Officers—Tho pleasantly sit- uated and hospitable home of Mr, and Mrs. Frank \thlan was opcucd for the An‘ionlhly mecling of thc Maple liver Farnu-rs’ Club. Despite the threatening weather the meeting was one of the largest of the club in some, timc, tlicrc being a number of visiting friends from scvrral othcr clubs lll‘l‘Sclll and guests from the city. ’I‘hc meeting was callinl to ordcr promptly by 'I’rcsidcnt E. N. “'augh. The club voted to give $10 to— ward the support of tho Mc(,‘urdy park. Several committccs report on business of club interest. Election of officers re- suited as follows: President. (“Iaylou Cook: vicc—piw-sidcni. Loo f". Reynolds; secretary, LMrs. Zurl Hardy; treasurer, Fred Richardson. Lessons in AgricuIture.—o“Lessons from the Old Country Agriculture" was spoken on by P, B. Reynolds, who thot We could learn a great dcul in the way of handling live—stock and improving our soils from methods followed in some of the old countries. In England the land is heavily stocked and all the farm products are converted into finished meats and the manure returned to the soil. A great deal of land is laid down to pasture winter: (m) 143 which necesitates more intense cultiva- tion of the remaining tillable lands.‘ The Farmers’ Clubs and Legislation.-—- ”Did the Grange and Farmers’ Club Resolution Have Any Effect on the Past Legislature? If not, why?" was discussed by A. B. Cook, who was firmly of the opinion that the resolutions and petitions that were sent to legislators during his term did not have the effect they ought. Mr. Cook believes that a private letter sent directly to your legislator has a much greater influence than a resolution or petition. ' Debate.—“Resolved, That the Agricul- tural Vocation Offers Superior Induce— ments to the Young .Man of Today " Affirmative, Harold Richardson; negative, Theron Gladden. Mr. Richardson upheld that agriculture offered honorable, inde- pendent and profitable vocation to any young man who would devote business tact to managing the soil. Mr. Gladden bclievcs that thc city offers better wages and less working hours. A, L. Chandler opened the discussion and urged young men to go slow in hurrying into the city, as the. one mile man never achieved great success whore competition was close. Home Attraction.——“\Vhat May Be Conn sidcred Attractions in the Home” was the subject of an excellent paper pre- sented by Mrs. Julia Moore. It is dilllcult to answer this question; (hot Mrs. Moore, because what attracts one person does not another. Neat, tidy surroundings always attract attention and add much to the appearance of country homes. Plenty .of good reading material in the home is excellent. The Value and Need of Humus.——Prof. A. J, Cook, of Claremont College, Cali- fornia, was present and gave a very in« Iercsting talk on the subject of humus in the soil. Professor Cook fells that farmers do not nearly appreciate the grcat nnpm'talurc of plculy of humus ‘in their soils. Humus gives life and vitality to the land; conserves luoislurc and as— sists tillage. Farmers should apply more manuro and plow under grm-n crops to feed the soil and to increase bacterial action. Discuss Mistakes of Season—The July- mcoling of tho Conway and Mandy Union Fill‘lllk‘l‘h" (‘lub was hold at the home of Mr. and Mrs. ' Ii. Adams and was very wcll altcudcd. President J. Franks pre— sided. Following the opening exercises the subjcct, “My mistakcs in farming this spring." was responded to by J. Carr, 1"[. (3r. llcnjamin, J. Snyder, .l.’ 15. Rambo, E. llousc, .l. Ii. Fuller and J. Franks. Sonic of the mistakes were not plowing early for corn. not cultivating corn and soon enough after planting and a little late with haying. J. Frank‘s greatest mistake seemed to be allowing the chickens to cultivate his garden and pick his fruit. The Yellow vs. the Black PeriI.—Tho question. “\Vhich endangers our country most, the yellow peril or the black man?’.’ was assigned to \‘i'. M. llorlon, but in his cnough boa us being absclu-l- i1 yzis opt-nod by C‘. Dunston,‘ 'I‘hot we were too grout a nation to be particularly alarmed over the yellow peril, but the black man was a serious prob- lem. Said they were not here from choice. \\'c are responsible both for thcir being in this country and for their condition at tho proscut day. which is indl-cd bud. \Vould like to see a part of lhc country sct‘ aside for their especial usc. G. L. Adams agrccd with Mr. l)un~ slon and (hot the only rcmcdy was to (-ducalc lhc ncgro whcrc he is. He con- sidcrcd it a national question and [hot the gm'crnmcnt should provide schools and not have this work to charitable societies. Mrs. E. \\'. llurkhart, whose daughicr llzls bmrn coum-ctcd with the colored Sl'lllmls of tho soulh during the pas; ycar, said she thot they were very badly hundicuppml for luck of funds to carry on thc work. The whites of the south do not consnlcr iho negro worth educating and conscducntly will not con— tribute for that purpose. he Best Lessons.——~“\thre do young people learn lessons that imprcss them most deeply?" was assigned Mrs; ll. Bou— jamin. She said. first. from the parents. ’l‘hc iuilucuco of the mother was espec- ially grout: thou from their cmnpunions, lhcir books and tczichcrs, icy, ‘V. G. Stephens would place the homo first then the school, and third, the church. The church was placed last only because it could claim such a comparativoly small portion of their llllll' if it got them at all. Mrs. TC. '1‘. Carr, Mrs. J, Snyder and Mrs. M. Benjamin also spoke on the question. ~ 'l‘hc question box was full of good things and is gaining l'or ilsclf a promi— nent plilt'l‘ on lho program. The next, nicciiug of lhc club will bo hold at the home of Mr. and Mrs. C. Lccdlc the last Friday in August. Cubans Favor American Rule.—.\i' the annual Home (,‘oluing meeting of the Marion FItl'llll‘l‘S“ Club, Dr. Mayo, of Cuba. in speaking of that country said: The, better sort of Cubans Si-I‘ no hopc for (‘uba «km-pl uudcr pe-rluancul American control. American rulo moans much grcalcr personal libcrly to the individual than (IONS llllIl‘IH'lllIl‘Ilt‘t‘. 'l‘hcir agricul— ture is still pl'iluitivc. Fcar of tho brig— HIllIS lcuds lo prcvcul the eutcl'prisc of our American farmers, in this land of perpetual summcr and ever blooming roses. The government has attempted to improve the live stock by importation from the states. Our improved lurk— shircs provcd worthless because the sows could not fight the wild dogs away from lhcir little pigs. 'l‘akc ’l‘:i,mworths. crossed on native stock, could fight away both man and beast, cvcn the rightful owner. The native horse is a Very su— perior saddle horse, much like our west— crn broncho with an improved disposi- tion. The cattle are valued more for trotting capacity and ability to extricate themselves in the mire holes, that abound in all but the government stone roads, than they are for milk and beef produc—v lion. All team work is done by ox teams with yoke attached to their horns. On this account the polled Angus imported by the government were of no use. -«~._._.._,...__.,.____._......_1‘.._._ ... .-w‘ __..... ' banker whether we are good for what we say. //III “ill! yiniui iiiillillll I - :.__..__...._.__.. |- __._———-. -. ‘3 z z ..._._._ J : ____._.___'. _ I :— = _—_.___._... n. _ l o 3 3.: - 'l‘ g‘ s! l o x : _ ~ ‘ .- S. 1|||III MillllllllIllllllllllIllllNllllllllllllllllllII||||IllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllll ‘v‘— Send for Our New Catalogue. Do ”Not Think of Buying ngasoline Engine Without It. The things that should decide you in selecting the right engine are: what will it cost to run the engine—(1) how much gasoline does it use; (2) how many parts are there to get out of order; (3) what will the repairs cost; (4) will the mixer always work; (5) will the gasoline pumpg cret out of order; (6 )ii water is left 111 the engine and it freezes, what will have to be replaced; (7) if it is guaranteed, what is the guarantee worth. THE OLDS ENGINE Is the most economical engine to run. (1) the gasoline cost is very low because the new Seager mixer automatically makes exactly the right mixture of gas and an all the time. (2) it is the simplest because 1t has no small delicate parts to get out of adJustment. (3) You are guaranteed agamst buying any repairs for one year because we make the followmg proposition: We agree to replace, free of charge any part of an Olds Engine that breaks or becomes worn, FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER, within one year from date of shipment, provided the replacement is one you think should be borne b the manufacturer. YOU ARE TO BE THE ONLY UDGE. There is to be no argument no delay in returning old parts and getting new ones, you decide and I abide by your decision. This makes a big possible saving to you the first year when 99 per cent. of your troubles would naturally come. (4) The Seager mixer has no moving parts— once adjusted it is adjusted for a lifetime. (5) The Olds Type A Engine has no gaso- line pump. The piston sucks the gasoline into the mixer automatically, (6) The Olds water jacket is a separate casting. In case of freezing this part alone can be replaced at slight expense, instead of having to buy a whole engine bed and cylinder. (7) A guarantee is limited by the financial responsibility of the concern making it. Ask your . There are cheaper engines made that are painted just as prettily as ours, and their catalogues contain many tempting claims, and make many attractive promises; but in spite of all that has been claimed and promised about other gasoline en- ‘ gines selling at all kinds of prices, we have been making steadily for 30 years an engine that has become the standard of the world. An engine that is as finely built as the Olds, that has Olds quality of material and workmanship, backed by our kind of 11 guarantee, or with :1 record of so many thousands of satisfied customers, could not be successfully sold for any less than our price. The lTnited States Government uses them in its military pests, government work of spraying and irrigating, because the Olds Engines have stood the most severe tests they could put them ‘to. Every farmer who requires an engine can afford an Olds Engine. It does not pay to buy a cheap machine of any kind, and the price you pay for an Olds is only :1 slight per cent over what it costs us to build them right. \Ve make so many in a year we can afford to have our percentage of profit small. You are really getting 2111 engine of the very highest possible quality at the right price. In fact you get all of your money’s worth—one. hundred cents Worth for every dollar. Our catalogue mailed you free tells you just what you should know about an engine. Write for it today before you forget it. \\ rite me peisonally telling me what you want the. engine to do. and yo/u “ill get :1 personal letter from me that Will give you the facts you want. To save time you can write to my nearest representative. Every man has a hobby. Mine is building engines that are so good the user will want his neighbor to have one. I insist 011 every Olds Engine becoming an Olds salesman. Anybody can paint a cheap engine to look good; I never built cheap goods and never will. \Vhen I took hold of this business my task was easy because I did not have to start a new concern. It had already gone through over twenty years of success. The Olds Engine was a magnificent engine, but now it is 100 per cent better than ever before—better ma- terial; better mixer; no gasoline terial; better mixer; no gasoline jump spark ignition—five parts only, all of which are stationary—instead of thirty moving parts as in the old style igniters; removable valves; simplicity; three separate inspections; economy and certainty of operation. Everyone will be satisfied with an Dlds Engine he cannot help it. I care more for having 21 ))le:1sed ()lds user than I do to sell a large number of engines. Every usm' of an Olds En- gine must be satisfied—4 will not have any other kind of a customer. I guarantee every Olds Engine to be in perfect runningr order when it leaves the factory. I know the engine you get is all right, and that the high Olds standard is maintained. It is the best you can buy, whether you pay more or less than the Olds price. J. B. SEAGER, Gen. Mgr. OLDS GAS POWER COMPANY BRANCHES J. B. SEAGER, Gen. Mgr, BOSTON—R. W. Hart ............. Beverly Street . - PHILADELPHIA— Mallalieu & Conrey. .Market St. Seager Engine Works New...“ N. y _R H W“. , memy 0”“ a“ ”W" C°' KANSAS CITY—Freeman Field ...... w. 11th St. MN“ Office and F‘Ctm'y- 9'5 59‘3“ Street OMAHA, NEB.—W. s. Weaver ......... Farnum St. LANSING. MICHIGAN MINNEAPOLIS—E. s. Wood ......... 80. Third St. _ Washington St. . I