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The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.

DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1915.





VOL. CXLIV. No. 13

.Whole Number 3828





50 CENTS A YEAR.

52 FOR 5 YEARS.





1





Practical Results With Sweet Clover.





OUR years ago, Mr. Samuel Wil-

lis was in danger of being ar-

rested by indignant fellow towns-



men who wished the law enforced: To

secure this ill will he had done noth-

ing more than sow sweet clover seed.

But sweet. clover is called a nox-

ious weed, and the township highway

commissioner was severely criticised

for not cutting down the clover which

Mr. Willis had induced to grow in his

field.



The highway commissioner made a

special ruling in this case, however,

thereby justifying the well-kn0wn defi-

nition of a weed as “a plant for which

no use has been found,” for certain it

is that uses have been found Ior

s‘weet clover in this part of the state.

“If \Villis wants to plant sweet clover

and harvest it as a feed for his stock,

I certainly shall not cut it down, even

though it is on the list of noxious

weeds,” said the commissioner.



Today the man in Mr. Willis’ neigh-

boriuid who knocks sweet clover as a

weed. unfit for stock feeding, is a.

back number; his critics are all con-

verted. Instead of having to defend

himself against officers of the law for

sowing weed seed, he now conducts a

big business in selling that same

sweet clover seed, and during his

spare time is askedrto address as au-

gust a body as the Michigan Experi-

ment Association, or as practical a

one as the Michigan State Farmers“

Institute at its annual round-up, on

the ways. of handling, and merits of

sweet clover.



The talk of the season in Mr. Wil-

lis’ neighborhood is sweet clover seed.

Think of getting more money for

sweet clover seed than for alfalfa

seed, so that whereas in 1912 alfalfa

was adulterated with sweet clover, in

1915 sweet clover is adulterated with

alfalfa! Think, too, of getting $1,200

for a single wagon load of farm pro-

duce, the seed output from twenty

acres of blow sand! That was whole-

sale price, though the greater part of

Mr. Willis’ seed crop was sold at re-

tail, at $15, a bushel, rather than $12

as in the case of the load above men-

tioned.



As an example of the way in which





 





Sweet Clover on Farm of Samuel Willis,





the farmers are beginning to tumble

to the idea of sweet clover as having

an interesting correlation to the bank.

account, a story of a horse deal is in-

teresting. A party came into Mr. Wil-

lis’ office one day and made inquiries

as to where he could obtain a good

drafter. He was referred to the own-

er of a suitable animal which could be

bought at a real bargain, for cash in

full. Now it was a sad fact that the

would-be purchaser, although honest

as the day is long, had never been

able to make both ends meet; it was

therefore a pleasant surprise to both

the owner of the horse and the office

man who sent him around a purchas-





season; it gives a greater yield of

seed per acre than alfalfa, also the

seed sells at a higher price; the

chances for failure in getting stands

of sweet clover are slight, as it does

not require a soil rich in humus or

lime, as does alfalfa, although, of

course, the more favorable the envir-

onment the better the crop, of sweet

clover or anything else.



To refute the idea that stock will

noteat sweet clover, which idea is

the invariable conclusion of those

feeders who do not have the foresight

or patience to accustom animals in

their care to the feed in question, Mr.

Willis tells of a trial which he con-





 





This Load of Sweet Clover Seed Sold to a Chicago Seedsman for $1,200.

ducted a few years ago with pastured





er, when the latter announced he had

come to buy the horse. He had eight

bushels of sweet clover seed as an as-

set, however, and the deal was made.



Mr. Willis gave all the other le-

gumes worthy of trial on his soil a

thorough testing out before he decid-

ed on sweet clover as a better money

maker and soil builder than any oth-

er. Sweet clover has proven itself

possessed of a long list of virtues and

few faults. It is absolutely hardy; it

resists drought and wet feet with

equal facility; it has no insect or fun-

gous enemies; it has a nutritive val-

ue similar to that of alfalfa, but out-

yields the latter; it endures close pas-

turing, and furnishes pasture in a dry





Benzie Co.





mules, horses, and cattle. He had

four fields accessible to the stock, one

containingvalfalfa, another red clover.

a third June grass, and a fourth sweet

clover. Invariably, when the boys

went for the stock at night, they

would find them in the sweet clover

plot, and although as a consequence

the field was eaten down closely, it

went through the winter in good

shape and produced a good crop of

second year growth. Sweet clover, by

the way, is only a biennial, and goes

to seed the second year, unless cut

for hay. '



Mr. Willis has not entirely perfect-

ed his method in handling the seed





crop. As yet he has used nothing but

a grain binder for cutting the stalks.

although Michigan Circular 23 on

sweet clover recommends a self-rake

reaper, or mower with side delivery

attachment, for this purpose. One

lesson learned this season was to cut

the seed stalks fairly early. That part

of a field which he so cut out-yielded

another part in which he waited for

the many unfruited blossoms present

to form seed—probably for the reason

that these blossoms failed to set seed,

while the seed already formed shat-

tered in handling.



An interesting by-product of sweet

Clover seed under Mr. Willis’ system

of farm management is mules. He

operates a livery and feed stable and

winters about thirty head of horses,

and a like number of mules. A large

part of the feed which these mules

get during the winter consists of

sweet clover haulm—the stalks and

leaves delivered from the blower of

the separator when the seed is thresh-

ed. This material has been found on

analysis to have about the same feed-

ing value as timothy hay, and while

the mules reject the coarse stems

which are the product of the seed

year in sweet clover growing, yet they

eat the stuff fairly clean, and the re-

fuse is worked up into bedding and

fertilizer.



From 55 acres of sweet clover, Mr.

Willis obtained in 1914 an average of

five bushels of seed per acre; that he

is satisfied with the results may be

judged by the fact’that he intends to

seed a hundred acres next spring. For

handling large amounts of seed, a

clover huller is essential, as the ordi-

nary grain threshing outfit will not re—

move the hulls from the seed.



While Mr. Willis is not losing mon-

ey by his sweet clover industry, he is

at the same time a practical exponent

of better farming and soil conserva~

tion to all the owners of sandy land.

which is the prevailing soil type in

much of western Michigan. Potatoes

and corn are the cash crops, but

when the soil is depleted of humus it

must revert back to the state as not

worth the taxes, unless some legume

is employed in the rotation as a soil





 





Second Cutting of Alfalfa from Seedin g on Land





Previously in Sweet Clover.
378—2 -





builder. Anyone who wishes evidence

of the fertilizing value of sweet clo-

ver sod in such an emergency need

but examine corn grown on sweet. clo-

vered land as compared to corn on

unclovered land near by.



Here, again, we have another exam-

ple of the fact that there are no trade

secrets in agriculture; when a farmer

finds something in the way of a new

crop or field practice, he has, unlike

the inventor with his patents, no hesi-

tation in passing his ideas along for

the benefit of others.



Benzie Co. E. H. BROWNV





FARM NOTES.





 





Barley vo. Gate.



In planting oats and barley in sandy

loam, good hard-Wood land, which will

give the largest amount of grain by

weight?



Houghton Co. J. S.



On soils adapted to barley the yield

per acre by weight is generally equal

to or somewhat higher than that of

cats. This rule, of course, varies and

would not obtain in anywhere near

every case. In the northern latitudes

of the state, particularly in the Upper

Peninsula, barley should be given the

preference as a grain for general farm

feeding, since it may be used largely

to take the place of corn in the ration

and grows luxuriantly on the good

soils in that Section of the state.

There is no doubt but that barley

could become a greater factor in farm

production in that section of Michi-

gan than has been the case up to the

present time.



Applying Air-Slaked Lime to Alfalfa.



l have about 1,400 lbs. of air-slaked

lime which I would like to sow on my

alfalfa field, seeded two years ago. I

intend to disk and then sow the lime.

would this lime injure the foliage or

crowns of the plants if sown early?

If not, how much could I sow per

acre?



St. Joseph Co. SUBSCRIBER.



If this lime is applied to the alfalfa

before it makes any growth, and at a

time when the surface is dry, it will

not injure the plants. The writer used

caustic lime on an alfalfa field, sow-

ing it after the first crop was harvest-

ed, without any ill results. A better

plan, in the writer’s opinion, would be

to use some other implement in pref-

erence to a disk in working up this

alfalfa field. Disking was formerly

quite generally advocated for alfalfa

seeding, but is advocated by few good

growers at the present time. A spring

tooth harrow, if you have no more

suitable implement, would be better to

dig over the surface of the ground

and incorporate the lime with it. Spe—

cial implements are now manufactur-

ed for this purpOSe which are said to

giVe very good satisfaction, but fair

results can be obtained by using a

good sharp spring-tooth harrow. A

disk will cut off more or less plants,

especially on ‘a"comparatively young

stand of alfalfa.



I Sowing Hydrated Lime on Wheat.



Will you please tell me if hydrated

lime, say 300 lbs. sown per acre this

spring and dragged in with clover

seed would injure the wheat? The

ground is acid and thought perhaps it

would benefit the clover.



Barry Co. 0. C. J.



Hydrated lime could, in the writer’s

opinion, be sown on wheat in the

amount suggested, without injury to

the plants, provided it were applied

when the surface is dry. The benefit

which might result from its use is,

however, doubtful, as lime for best

results in neutralizing acidity should

be mixed with the surface soil so it

will come in direct contact with the

soil moisture and soil grains. It would

be a better plan to apply the lime to

the surface and work it into the soil

when this field is again plowed up.





Bean- After Potatoes. .



How will beans do after potatoes?

I have 4% acres that was in potatoes

last year; it is black loamy land.



Newaygo Co. C. J. U.



While beans may be planted after

potatoes with fair success, yet this

gives two cultivatedcrops in the rota-

tion, and is not a good practice to fol-

”low up. Besides, beans are generally





 





J"-





was, MICHIGAN- FARMER





of better quality as well as better in

yield when grown on clover sod land.

On good black loam ground, however,





Ilium|llllllmmllmllIllllllllllllllllllllfllumllllll ‘1‘





it might be profitable to give beans a

second place in the crop rotation un-

der present price . conditions.





 





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Sochbscrvations on Beans.





 





that while beans are a legume



it is conceded that they deplete

the soil of fertility. Alfalfa, clover

and vetch, for example, are legumes

and as soil builders occupy much

space in the vocabulary of soil advis-

ers, while the bean family, like other

poor relations, are not over much men-

tioned by those who agriculturally

modivate as to soils. This latter

word, and latest, modivate, in reality

needs an introduction into the agricul-

tural vocabulary for it has scarcely

taken root so late has been its trans-

planting from the educators’ nursery

of highbrow words. Whether the word

withers and dies from lack of use or

thrives from usage, modivate has had

its introduction, and means the man-

ner or mode of performance.





Our legal friends have an expres-

sion that “time is the essence of the

contract,” So in growing beans, to get

them in when the ground is warmed

up sufficiently safe for good germina-

tion, and to get them harvested and

cured before cool weather and fall

rains, makes time considerably of an

essence or essential in growing beans.

So the bean crop, with its short pe-

riod of growth and heavy yield just

naturally has not much time to get

nitrogen from the air through the

nodules belonging to the bean family

intended for that purpose, hence has

become a sort of degenerate legume

and demands its nitrogen largely from

the soil like non-leguminous crops.

Hence, to the farmer, beans contest

for that plowed down clover sod,

which originally was unquestioned and

conceded as belonging to corn.





Varieties.



Varieties of wheat like the Diehl,

Mediteranean, Blue Aleln, et. al., have

had their day of productivity and

yielded to newer and more virile vari—

eties and these old names are now but

memories of the time when wheat was

king in Michigan. These varieties

cherished at the time ceased to yield

and were not longer planted. Beans

as a field crop of importance starting

in Washtenaw and Livingston coun-

ties have been grown longer than

many excellent varieties of wheat that

have degenerated and passed out of

existence.



‘ Bean growers have reminded me of

the greater virility and disease-resist-

ant powers twenty years ago, of the

white bean as compared to the black

wax fields, grown under contract for

seedsmen on their farms in adjoining

fields. The black wax beans were





ONE of the paradoxes of plants is





sad looking and devitalized with what.





was then called rust, now known as

anthracnose, while the white beans

were clean of disease, comparatively,

and strong growers and produced good

crops._



The merits of the white bean as a

crop were somewhat dimmed by the

low price of the product while the

price of the contract beans was quite

alluring. Many a farmer who wanted

a “sure thing,” as he supposed, grew

contract stock, unaware that it was

sadly devitalized and in the end it was

a disappointment. There has been a.

lot of waste time and expense in tell-

ing the farther what to, grow and how to

grow when he has always been a lap

or two ahead of his advisers in ad-

justing himself to the crop or strain

that gave him the most profit. This

is seen in the exit and entrance of

strains and crops. It was the increas-

ed vitality of the white bean and

freedom from disease that compelled

seedsmen to withdraw from the field

with weakened stock and compelled

them, 'to' seek to. revitalize garden

beans. It is the lowered vitality of

the white been new that compels him

to 100k for: stronecr. soeduook: m





.3». v_-'-lg:Jo{.;-c ... 1, .... w





 





the newer soils of the northern coun~

ties. It is of interest to remember

that the bean seed from the north

comes of parent stock from the more

southerly counties. The northern

grower has never claimed superior

skill or knowing beans better than

the farmers farther south. So it would

look as though the newer soils with

less of mineral depletion had been the

greater agency in revitalization.

Soil Conditions.



The pea growers have had a some-

what similar experience and they, too,

have gone north. and west for their

seed, for the canning crop and to

marked advantage. Field peas have

too, “come back” in some places, for

example in Ogemaw county there has

been quite a return to peas in 1913

and 1914. My guess is that it is quite

largely a matter of lime and the soil

depletion in that element in the older

sections for these legumes is not un-

like “clover sickness” or failure to get

a growth of clover as in the days of

old, this goes quite a ways in explana-

tion. While the northern counties

now have a decided advantage in this

respect their endurance, unless soil

conditions are met, is only a matter

of time. That vetch, clover, etc.,

thrive on these lands is only saying

that they have favorable soil condi-

tions for the legumes, including beans.



“Sports aresports,” but at least one

reason for sports in the bean crop is

nature’s tenacity in seeking a strong-

er vine at the expense of seed crOp

and a longer period of growth to se-

cure the nitrogen through the bacte-

rial nodules from the air, because the

depleted soil fertility compelled a re-

version. The long green vines that

pod so poorly and keep green so long

are the evidences of reversion. Lime

for clover and lime for alfalfa have

been the most common prescriptions

written by the soil doctors for the

above named legumes; why not lime

for beans? Plant diseases do not come

from nature’s malevolence but because

some of the conditions to plant life

have been denied. In order to not

make conditions impossible I am going

to suggest on a seed plot, some hy-

drated lime be applied. The hydrated

lime can be had at any warehouse

where building material is sold.



Shiawassee Co. J. N. McBnmn.





SOIL AND FERTILIZER QUES-

TIONS.





 





Fertilizer for Beans.





How can I sow fertilizer for beans?

What kind of land needs fertilizing

for beans, and how much per acre?



Tuscola Co. SUBSCRIBER.





Any land that is somewhat run

down needs fertilizer for beans, or

any land that Originally lacked suffi-

cient fertility to produce a paying

crop of beans. Put it this way: If

you woul \ apply stable manure on any

field intended for beans—providing

you had the manure—then that field

should be fertilized. If you don’t‘ think

stable manure would improve the

chances for a better crop, in other

words, if you think the field fertile

enough, then I would not use fertiliz-

er; otherwise I would.



The best way to apply fertilizer for

beans especially, is to drill the fer-

tilizer broadcast two weeks before

time to plant the beans, and harrow

the land, mixing the fertilizer thor~

oughly with the soil.



A very good way is to plant the

beans with a corn planter with ten

tilizer attachment, taking care to have

the fertilizer drop on top of the ground

or near the surface and not come in

contact with the seed. Or plant the

beans with a grain fertilizer drill, ap

plying the fertilizer at the same time.





.«If; yougusc a heavy application of fer-





... , . -r‘:t:- 25.7.“,3 rm





MARCH '27, 1915. .





tilizer, stop up the hole so no fertilizer

will go in with the seed, for the ger-

minating power of the seed may be in-

jured by the fertilizer. Use a 1:8:2

fertilizer and, from 100 to 600 pounds

per acre, depending on condition of

land.

Handling and Applying Liquid

Manure.





I wish to ask your opinion as to the

best way to use liquid manure to the

best advantage. I put in a large cis-

tern for the drainage of the cow barn

gutter and am at a loss as to the best

way to remove the liquid manure from

the cistern and in what way to dis-

tribute it on the soil, also how much

to put on an acre. I want to put it on

my corn ground. Would you put it

on before plowing or just before plant-

ing time, or would it be more profit-

able to put it over wheat ground, or

on an alfalfa stand? I have used the

liquid manure to some extent but to

my loss, as my experience has been

that where you put it on anything

green it will burn it. I have thought

it to be as good a way as any to put

it on your ground just before planting

time. Of course, it may be just as

good to put it on the crops in the win-

ter with the snow. Would be pleased

to have you publish something about

it in the Michigan Farmer so we all

can read it.



Muskegon Co. H. C. W.





The only practical and satisfactory.





way to handle liquid manure is to

have a wagon sprinkler. Put a pump

in the cistern and pump the liquid

into the sprinkler.

handle it in any other way you can

not get an even distribution. The cis-

tern, the sprinkler, etc., are so costly

most people prefer to have large, tight

gutters and use plenty of straw and

other absorbents for bedding and re-

move it with the solid manure.



Usually people who handle the

liquid manure separately apply it as

a top-dressing to meadows. It is high-

ly satisfactory for this purpose. Of

course, it will benefit any crop, but it

is best always to use it as a top—

dressing, rather than plow it under.

It would be fine to top~dress wheat in

the early spring, but don’t put it on

too liberally, say five or six wagon

tanks full to the acre. If you apply it

to the, corn ground do so after the

land is plowed and harrow it in be-

fore planting.



It would not be desirable to apply

on frozen ground when covered with

snow, as it might be washed away

when the snow melted.



Spring Vetch as a Green Manure



Crop.



I have a field upon which corn has

been grown for the past two years. I

wish to sow vetch for early pasture

and then plow under for wheat in the

fall. When should I sow and how

much to the acre? _Is the above good





policy?

Oakland Co. H. A. C.





It would have been a much better

policy to have sown this field to rye

and winter vetch at the last cultiva-

tion last year, then it would have at-

tained a good growth and could have

been plowed down early and the

.ground well fitted for the wheat crop.

We do not know of many trials of

spring vetch having been made in

Michigan, and its value as a green

manure crop to be used for this pug-

pose has not been sufficiently well

demonstrated so that we can adVISe

you intelligently. It Would be better

to try it on a small scale and use

crops the value of which have been

well demonstrated for the major p0r-

tion of the field. Peas and oats, for

instance, would be a good combination

to sow for early pasture to be plowed

down for wheat later in the season.

Peas can be sown early, and on good

soil will make as vigorous growth as

anything which could be used for this

purpose.



COLON C. LILLIE. .





A cm“.





 





The land may be good and the sea-

Ion favorable, “But, if you plant poor

seeds there is no golden harvest for

you!" Our seeds are dependable. If

you cannot secure them from your lo-

cal dealer, send direct to the Brown

Seed Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.

. Adv. . . .





-.v





If you attempt to .
l

,4





 





MARCH 27, 1915.





THE, MICHIGAN FARMER





The Clovegeeding Problem.





there is no other problem of such



importance to the average farmer

as the unsuccessful attempts to get

a good stand of alfalfa or June clover,

which furnish the “building up” mate-

rial for our farms. This too common

experience not only discourages farm-

ers but is of material interest to all

consumers of food. Nature has taught

us that the land must be replenished

after being cultivated for a time and

organic matter restored, which is only

accomplished through the growth of

deep rooted plants. It seems that the

problem of making these plants grow

has at times puzzled most farmers and

the difliculty is, in nearly all cases,

the lack of moisture at the proper

time, when the delicate seed is getting

rooted.



Plant the Clover Seed.



After many years of farming, and

generally seeding upon the surface

with 'no cover of earth for the seed,

I have “woke up” to the fact that in

order to get a decent stand of grass

the seed must be covered as for any

other crop. When following the old

method $5,000 would not pay the losses

I have had in failures of seeding. And

I am only one out of thousands who

have suffered such losses, resulting

not only in the loss of the hay crop

but depleting the soil by continual

cropping. This will eventually result

in bankruptcy if not overcome. Not

many farms today are producing what

they should and more are not produc-

ing half a maximum crop. The barn-

yard manure will serve to enrich only a

small portion of the farm. But a. bush-

el of clover seed, if it grows properly,

will restore ten acres of land in good

shape, and at small expense.



When we expect a good yield of

wheat or corn we fit the field in the

best of form, and are careful to use a

good machine and see that every

grain is covered with earth. But we

sow the clover upon the surface only

to be destroyed by the burning sun

when it comes on hot and dry. This

is not logic or “horse sense” and must

be stopped if we ever expect to ac-

quire the benefits and results we

Should. Any crop which tends to

build up our depleted soil is worthy

of care and attention and there is as

much, or more, justice in well fitting

a field for a seeding of clover and em-

ploying a, suitable machine for plant-

ing the seed in the ground as with

any other crop. The custom of seed-

ing with other crops is, on a good

share of the soil, generally a failure,

and the “open field” method must take

its place. I have invested $70 in a

clover drill, and think it is the best

implement I have on the farm. This

is a 20-disk drill, suitable for sowing

all kinds of grass seed.



Late Fall Seeding.



I have made quite an experiment in

the nature of seeding, but am not able

to tell just how it is coming out at

this writing. At least I had the nerve

to seed 50 acres to June clover and

timothy just before the ground froze

up last fall. I have tested this seed

several times and find it is in prime

condition as yet. We have had some

very moderate weather for this early

in the season and this cLover seed is

all sprouted but not through the

ground. If it will remain cold enough

to keep it back until April, or after

danger of hard freezing is over, this

experiment is safe; but should the

plants appear above the surface and

freeze hard it will ruin them. No mat-

ter how hard it freezes it does not

seem to affect the sprout as long as

it is under the surface, as I have test-

ed this thoroughly. I can see now

where I made a mistake in not operat-

ing the drill at a deeper level. I be-

lieve that had I placed the seed down

say two inches it would have lessened

the chances of its coming up above

the surface before the 'end of freez-





IN the line of successful agriculture





 





ing weather. This field in question

was rye stubble which I plowed shal-

low and fitted in level shape. before

seeding. But by the use of the disk

clover drill which can be set at any

required depth it is desirable to sow

the seed and do a good job in stubble

without plowing, which I think would

be just as good and much less expen-

sive. In fact, the stubble would help

hold the snow and shade the ground

from the hot sun.

Two-year Clover Meadows.



If I am not successful in this new

method of seeding I can go over the

50 acres again in three days with the

drill and reseed in spring. I know the

timothy is all right as I have tried

the same method on a field in Illinois

that I could seed in no other way and

get a good stand. My theory was that

clover seems to always grow when

self-seeded and even if I make a fail-

ure this season I shall try it again

next year and sow it deeper. If this

method of seeding in the late fall just

before the ground freezes can be





made successful, it will be a source .





of great profit for all farmers as it

will insure a very early start for the

seed in spring so that it will get a

“deep root” before the severe dry

weather, should it come. And there

is no reason why, if it gets such an

early start, we can not cut a fairly

good crop of hay or seed the first sea-

son and have a splendid meadow for

the following year.



If this method can not be made to

work out I will seed in spring as I

did last spring, in the “open field.” On

50 acres I have a good stand of clover

plants. Michigan land is all adapted

to June clover and can be built up in

the best state of cultivation at a very

small cost, providing we can devise

methods to resist the severe dry spells

in the spring time.



Alfalfa with Clover.



I believe that the proper method to

get alfalfa started is to sow a. quart

0r two with the June clover. I am

doing this and have a pretty good

stand. By doing this for a few years

the land will become self inoculated

with no material expense, and per-

haps we can then grow it at some

profit. Yet the June clover is a very

valuable crop. We should reseed the

land oftener and not try to rush the

“cash crop” question but leave a lit-

tle “cash” on the land. I am looking

forward to the time that I can produce

my own “clover seed,” which will not

be carted off to market and leave the

farm destitute. A good big barn full

of well matured June clover and

enough stock to consume same, es-

pecially breeding ewes, means a good

bank account as well as a good pay-

ing farm besides. The success of all

creation depends upon the ability of

the farmer to supply humus and or-

ganic matter from deep rooted plants,

especially June clover, sweet clover

and alfalfa, to replenish our depleted

soils for a bountiful thanksgiving.



Washtenaw Co. B. F. WASHBURNE.





EXPERIENCE WITH SWEET CLO-I

VER HAY.





 





In answer to inquiries in regard to

sweet clover, I would say that I do

not consider that I am very much of

an authority on sweet clover, although

what experience I have had with it

has been very satisfactory to me.





In answer to the question, how I

like it for hay, I would say I don’t

think there is any kind of hay that

horses‘land cattle would eat more read-

ily than they will sweet clover hay,

unless it would be alfalfa, and that is

something I have never had any ex-

perience with. I don’t . know how

sheep would like it,_ as I-‘don't keep

any sheep, but'if I had the sheep and

sweet clover hay, I would readily take

my chances on them eating it. And

my hogs did certainly do fine on it as





 

 





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50 says the Michigan Farmer in the first article in its issue of



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THE. MICHIGAN FARMER





green pasture. I don’t mean to say

that they ate it any more readily than





. they would any other clover, but as





you know, hogs are very hard on pas-





, ture and there is where sweet clover





comes in ahead of other clover; it

don't seem to hurt it, no matter how

much they tramp it, as the crown is

much lower in the ground than that. of

alfalfa. And another thing I would

say in favor of sweet clover, if you





i have a patch of it near by you will be





surprised to see how the chickens will

feed on it after the first cutting when

the young shoots begin to come.



In regard to cutting the hay, will

say I think it ought to be out quite

high, as you will find that the young

shootsstart along up on the side of





i the stubble and not from the root or





crown, as other clover does. I realize

this from the fact that a part of my

patch was out very low and I noticed

that part didn’t do as well as that

which was cut higher, so I called our

county agent, Mr. Blandford, and he

informed me that was the cause of

some of it not doing as well as the

rest, so I would advise cutting it con-

siderably higher than other clover.

Newaygo Co. DAN Rousu.





SOY BEAN QUESTIONS.





 





As there is so much said about soy

beans in The Farmer, I would like to

know which would be the best to sow

broadcast or in row. To grow for

seed one would certainly sow in rows

but. which would pay best, and What

variety is best adapted for mixed $011,

clay and sand? Also, can I get them

threshed with a grain thresher as

there is no bean thresher in our" v1-

cinity?



Ottawa. Co. L. L.



Sometimes soy beans are sown

broadcast like oats or wheat, especial-

1y if intended to be harvested for hay,

but. the common opinion is that they

do enough better if intertilled, to well

pay for the cost. of intertillage. I

think it safe to say that it is best to

plant them in rows 28 to 30 inches

apart. and give them good thorough

cultivation, whether they are intended

for hay or to be harvested for seed.

The Ito Sun, or the Early Brown or

the Early Yellow are about the safest

varieties for Michigan. .



Soy beans may be harvested with a.

common bean puller 01" cut with a.

mowing machine. I like the bean pull-

er best. They can be threshed with

a common threshing machine by re-

moving the concave teeth or the great-

er part of them at least. If the beans

are good and dry the concave can be

removed entirely and a. wooden plank

substituted in its place. A bean

thresher is best if you can get. one.





Soy Beans on Muck Land.





Will cowpeas or soy beans grow to

make a. good crop of hay on muck

or low land?



Indiana. J. A. K.





Neither soy beans nor cowpeas are

adapted to low, wet land. They thrive

best on high, well-drained land. It

the muck land is thoroughly drained,

however, the soy bean can be grown

there. It is safe to say that any land

that will grow corn will grow soy

beans.



Soy Bean Seed.





Will you tell me how much soy bean

seed to use per acre in rows 21 to 28

inches apart? What does the seed

weigh per bushel; also sweet clover

seed? Am intending to try both on

rather run-down clay loam and sandy





soul.



St. Clair Co. SUBSCRIBER.



The seed of the soy bean looks

more nearly like field peas than like

field beans, and they are of almost all

colors, varying with the variety. Cow-

peas look more like field beans than

they do like peas, and from the stand-

point of the seed one would say that

the plants were misnamed, but ac-

cording to their habits of growth they

are correctly named, for the soy bean

grows with an erect upright. stalk like

field beans, only much taller, while

the cowpeas have a reclining stem

more like field peas, '. ,

Soy beans weigh, 60 poundsto the;





 





. babel. and” «1.098.an clover seed.





MARCH 27. 1915.;





Both of these plants are well adapted

to run-down, sandy land, compared

with other plants, but both should

have the soil inoculated for the best

results.



Soy Beans for Green Manure.





I have a field of high sandy land in





a rather poor condition. It has grown

rye for many years in succession at

the rate of, about six bushels per acre.

but I did not sow it to rye last, fan.

Would hire to know if I can raise

some legumlnous crop on it next sum-

mer to plow under next fall for rye.

Do you think I could raise soy beans

on this kind of soil? If so, could I

Sow them broadcast or with drill?

How much seed would be required

per acre? This field is about five

miles from my home.





Ottawa Co. SUBSCRIBER.



There is nothing better for green

manure than soy beans. On poor sand

you may need lime to get a good

growth, and the soil should be inocu~

lated for best results. If you would

apply 200 to 300 pounds of a phos-

phate and potash fertilizer it will help

the plant very much on this land.



For a green manure crop it. would

be perfectly proper to drill broadcast,

but the beans would not, grow as large

as if drilled and cultivated. If drilled

you will need a bushel per acre, but

if broadcasted it will require about

two bushels. As your field is so far

from home and you intend to plow

the crop under this would be an in-

stance where it might be more prac‘

tical to sow broadcast.



Soy Bean Hay.



What do you think of soy beans for

hay? Will they take the place of

clover or alfalfa for feed for dairy

cows? Which is the best way to sow

seed, with drill like other small grain,

or sow in rows, say 28 inches apart.





and cultivate? Would it. be better to

plant them in the hill with corn, by





going over the field twice with plant-'





er and then cut them with the corn

and put in silo together? Would you

plant them later than com or about

the same time? What variety is best

for western Michigan, both as to the

quality of hay and amount produced

per acre? I have filled silos with com

and soy beans, running them througn

the machine together but have never

found out what results were obtained.

Ottawa Co. G. R.





Soy bean hay, cut when the pods

are nicely formed and well cured, will

take the place of either clover or at-

falfa. hay. It is as rich in protein, as

digestible and also as palatable. It

is best to sow in drills and cultivate

for hay or grain.



If planted with corn for silage, go

over the rows twice with planter as

you suggest. They should be planted

at time of planting corn. _



The Ito San is considered as good a

variety as any for Michigan by most

growers. The Early Brown or Early

Yellow are good, in fact, most any

early variety.



COLON C. LILLIE.





SOY BEANS IN OAKLAND

COUNTY.





I would like to tell D. A. Jessop, of

Ingham county, that I have had soy

beans ripen in Oakland county, Mich.,

for two years. I had them out last

fall as soon as the corn was cut and

threshed them this winter with a flail.

The weather was damp so they. did

not all thresh out. clean. .I had ten

bushels. I planted about 14 pounds

of seed, but the ground was rough and

lots of the seed was not covered so

it was lost. I bought one-half pound

of seed one year ago last spring and

planted it in the garden to see if it

would ripen here, and that gave me

the seed that I used iast spring. I

have forgotten the name of the van

ety. The beans are about half the

size of a. field pea. and of yellow color.



Oakland Co. ' J. DECOU.





AN OBSERVATION.





 





We have the same cows we had last

year, but never before such heavy

cream. Soy beans is the cause. Too

much can not be said of the, value at

soy beans in feeding dairy cattle. It-

is to be hoped more. people will plant

them this season. . . .,



“an 00- ,9» It sum» . ;_,





l





 





__ -—*_.¢ “nu-mus:-
MARCH 27. 1915.





Alfalfa in the





THE MICHIGAN





Dairy Ration.





 





FEW years ago a prominent



dairyman read a. paper before



the round-up institute at East

Lansing, in which he stated that be

fed no grain to his cows except a lit-

tle cottonseed meal for the first two

months after freshening. He told us

that he was able to produce much

cheaper milk in this. way, and cited

the results of experiments elsewhere

to prove that cows fed on alfalfa hay

and corn ensilage, gave the cheapest

milk obtainable.



I recall that there was some discus-

sion following this talk, and that no

one present seemed to think that a

good cow could eat enough alfalfa and

ensilage to keep her doing her best.

I think the author of the paper admit-

ted this, but contended that gains sc-

cured by feeding grain in addition to

the alfalfa, were gotten at too great

expense. In other words, the thought

seemed to be that it is better to get

a little less from the cow and feed

her much cheaper, than to add mate-

rially to the expense of her ration for

the small increase in her production.



Little Grain Fed with Alfalfa.



It happens this winter, that several

parties in this locality are feeding al-

falfa hay and ensilage to their cows

with very little grain, and the results

of their practice throw some light on

this question, and seem to justify the

claim made by the dairyman in the

paper referred to above.



In one of the herds where alfalfa is

fed, one cow is producing an average

of 2.1 pounds of butter daily, and eat-

ing but five pounds of grain beside the

corn in her roughage.



, Another herd has been tested out

during the week, and the cows are

producing from 1.1 to 1.88 per cent of

fat per day, and eating less than four

pounds of grain daily. Another herd

is doing as well as they have ever

done, and are eating alfalfa, corn en-

silage, and two pounds of cottonseed

meal per day. All of these cows are

holding their own. ,They are going

through the winter in nearly every

case, in as good flesh as formerly, and

producing as much milk. ' '



The Value of Alfalfa.



. If we value alfalfa hay at $15 per

ton, we have a very cheap feed in

these days of high prices for nearly

all-kinds of grain. Fifteen dollars per

ton gives a splendid annual return

from the acre of land that yields four

tons of this kind of hay, when the la-

bor of harvesting the crop is consid-

ered. Indeed, it is doubtful whether

any other crop ordinarily grown will

compare with it one year with an-

other.



Anyman whose soil is adapted to

the growing of this crop is fortunate,

to say the least. I would not say a

word to induce the man whose land is

not fitted for alfalfa, to try to grow it

until conditions are right, but surely

everyone who is rightly situated

should get a field of alfalfa started as

soon as possible. "



Clover and Alfalfa Compared.



Comparing red clover with alfalfa,

we find very little difference when the

fertilizing value is considered. When,

however, we consider alfalfa as a feed

for the dairy cow, the difference is

marked. Alfalfa has 11 per cent of

digestible protein, while clover con-

tains but eight per cent. In the con-

tent of carbohydrates and fat there is

but little difference. Alfalfa is more

digestible because it containsless

crude fiber. It has often been said

that alfalfa is as good as bran, and

experience seems to demonstrate that

it is nearly, if not quite, as good.



The man who wishes to dairy in

connection with mixed farming, will





{'find a ration of alfalfa and ensilage

adapted to his plan.‘ The demand for

.grain on his farm will be" small, and





thus, with a field of alfalfa, “corn

enough to fill his silo, and the neces-

saryland for pasture, if heplans to





keep his cows in pasture during the

summer months, will leave the balance

of his farm for other crops.



It seems to me that one should

either keep a large dairy so as to em-

ploy fully the labor kept on the farm,

or keep just cows enough to furnish

work for the family during the winter

months. The thing that discourages

one, is to have too many cows to be

taken care of by the help that one

must keep, and not enough to pay for

additional labor on the farm. The in—

tensive dairyman can use alfalfa in

the ration with equal advantage. He

can supplement it with grain and keep

a larger number of cows on the same

area. '



Soil Fertility.



The problem of fertility seldom



bothers the intensive‘dairyman. He





has found that the cheapest fertilizer





purchased is that which he obtains

by feeding good grain to the cows

and making the right use of the ma-

nure. The writer never hesitates to

buy feed and sell it again to a good

cow, if he can obtain it at the right

price. ‘



We have seen this system practiced

for a number of years. We have seen





 





The World’s Best Cow.





A new world’s butter-fat record for

one year. was made on February 20 by

Murn Cowan, a nine-year-old Guernsey

cow owned by O. C. Barber, Barber-

ton, Ohio. May Rilma, a Pennsylvan-

ia cow, but also a Ghernsey, held the

world’s yearly butter-fat record when

she was replaced by Murn Cowan,

whose record is indeed remarkable.

In 365 days she produced 24,008 lbs.

of milk which contained 4.57 per cent,

or 1098.18 lbs. of butter-fat. Her high-

est record for one day during the

year was 82 lbs., or approximately 10





FARMER





from his business than be otherwise

could.



Now it is not the intent of the writ-,

er ,to induce any man to try to grow

alfalfa on soil not adapted to its pro-

duction. Such land should not be

sown to alfalfa, until it is properly

prepared. There are other ways of.

handling such soils that will return

a profit‘and at the same time improve

them and lead up to a time when al-

falfa may be successfully produced.

But those whose soil is right, or can

be made right with a. reasonable out-

lay of labor and money should cer-

tainly grow alfalfa.





Oceana Co. W. F. TAYLOR.





A FARMER WHO MAKES BUTTER.





 





’In these days when nearly every

farmer patronizes a. creamery, a con-

densary or a cheese factory, unusual

interest attaches 10 any enterprise

which has for its aim the making of

good dairy butter. For a number of

years past, consumers in the writer’s

section have found it difficult, and

very often impossible, to procure dairy

butter Of a quality fit for table use.

Many people prefer such butter to

that put out by the creameries, and

the scramble on the part of consum-

ers in cities and villages, to find some:

farmer’s wife who will promise to fur-





4





 





gallons of milk. Her average daily

record was 65.77 lbs, or approximate-

ly eight gallons. 1



These records were made under the

supervisionof the Dairy Department?

of the College of Agriculture and werel

verified by representatives from eight1

other states. 5



\Murn Cowan’s new record givesl





 





5—381





 





 





 





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Des Monies, I . D I: ,I [in N



Topeka. Kan: Den‘lvetfniilf,’ coo: C33:

lilo. St. Lonh. Mo.





 





Ohio eight of the highest 16 365—day





 





 





 





butter—fat records of any and all

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ords.





 





the soil improve under it, have seen

the clover coming back to fields where

it often failed, and we do not hesitate

to say that it is a safe and business-

like thing to do. But if the man

wishes to keep only a few cows on .a

large farm, then he can rely upon a1-

falfa’ and ensilage for the most part,

and place the emphasis on some oth-

er line of agriculture.

Big Farming Pays Best.



So far, the farm surveys seem to

demonstrate that the man on a large

farm, who does a number of things

well, is more prosperous than the one

who undertakes but one thing and

farms a small area.



Alfalfa is just the feed that will

help out the man who does not want

to invest all his energy in dairying,

and still does want to keep a few

cows at the smallest expense and

make them pay a profit. Alfalfa, too,

is just the feed for the- intensive

dairyman for it will increase the pos-

sibilities of his small farm, and in

connection with grain, will enable him

to realize a very much larger return





nish home-made butter, has long been

a lively one. 'With the coming of the

cream separator, the objection to

creameries on the part of many farm-

ers, has disappeared. The farmer can

separate the cream at home, and feed

the milk while yet warm, to the pigs

and calves, and. with this privilege, he

is more than willingr to send his cream

and get rid of the extra hard work

connected with butter making. And it

is just this general tendency on the

part of farmers to patronize the

creamery, that has prompted Carl Dick-

en, of Fayette township, to embark in

the business of butter making, on an

extensive scale.

Good Butter in Demand.





 





ReAal_

Bargain





Just the machine for you if your herd is

small. Famous atented Curved Disc bowl,

owned exclusively y us, ekime warm or cold milk

exhaustively. Finest grade ofu'nware. Enclosed

dust-proof gears. Quality is guaranteed in every

particular. S lendid shop organization, factory

equipment an quantity output, accounts for low

prices impossible without great output. Equally

attractive prices on larger Separators. Write for

descriptive Separator book.





ASK ABOUT FAMOUS "CHOKE 3 AND



BOY" LINE OF GASOLINE ENG 2 8 up



IRES-MADE IN ALI. SIZES



ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURER! CO.

W





181 Mullen Avenue “1:31.00, [om





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 





 

 





 

 

 





 





 





In setting forth the facts in regard

to Mr. Dicken’s enterprise, it should

first be stated that he has taken ad-

vantage of a fundamental principle in

the achievement of success in any bus-

iness. He has discovered what the

people want, and is producing the

goods. Good dairy butter fills so evi-

dent a want in ’the locality, that adver-





 





Get MORiE Cream

by us In a

Sample Speed Indicator





on your Cream Separator. Fit- any make

of separator. Attached in two minutes ; 0&8!

to adjust; control speed or mnchine: 3590-

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’3- Menu wanted. Splendid proposition.





Simpli Spud Indicator 60.3.3133.





, a???





   





 





tising. ..is . not necessary. Find out





 





Inniluu men. rumor Inn Willi in «among.
International Harvester

Cream Separators





, ‘ ‘ AFTER you put

in a cream sep-

arator and once experi-





ence the rebel 1t glves

and the work it saves, you

will never go back to the old

way of handling milk and

cream.” So says a farmer’s

wife who has managed a

farm dair for over twenty



ears, an who now has an



H C cream separator.



I H C cream separators—

Dairymaid, Lily or Prim-

rose—fill the bill completely.

They turn easily. They

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the large, low supply can; the

stron frame with open sani-

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the clean, classy appearance

which make I H C separators such favorites wherever they are used.

There is room for a 10-gallon can under the milk spout.



I H C Separators can be furnished with pulley equipment for the

uSe of power. Belted to a small I H C engine, or to a line shaft,

they give you the very best cream separating outfit it is possible to buy.



The cream separdtor that gives you the most cream, saves you

the most work and lasts the longest time. See the I H C local

dealer who handles either Daiiymaid, _Lin or Primrose cream

separators, or write to us for full information.





International Harvester Company at America





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$40 for a 500-Pound Capacity





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Guaranteed Cream Separator





 





 





HAT’S what thousands of farmers have been wait-

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direct. There's no middleman.



Simple, durable, sanitary, a close-skimmer, and

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All gears e run in _ Full gunnntee. Shipped

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THE DAIRY CREAM SEPARATOR C0.





 





 





1202 West

LBEANOR.





 





 





 





 





TINNED AND RE ’IINNED





after the parts are cut and formed—

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STURGES Guaranteed Capacity

M I L K CA N S





It costs more to build milk cans this way—bot it does away with

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Sturges Milk Cam are also guaranteed ”true to measure,” and ‘

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Storm Mil! Cam standard he 50 ”are. "Tho C“. of .~\

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smacnamurccosoasacrmsedmp _.





 





 





 





 





When writing» advertisers mmmthWF‘r-m





THE MICHIGAN FARMER.





what‘the people want, and the com-

modity will Sell itself. ’



The purpose of the Maplehurst

Dairy Farm is to furnish number one

dairy butter for local consumption.

This butter is put on the market in

pound packages bearing the name of

the farm where it is made. It is sold

at a price near to that charged by

creameries for their product. So far,

the supply of this Maplehurst Dairy

butter has not been sufficient to meet

the local demand. ,



At the Maplehurst Farm, which is

as yet, in its infancy, twenty-one Jer-

sey cows are being utilized at present,

for the purpose of butter making. The

big cream separator and the big bar-

rel churn which holds ten gallons at a

churning, are run by a gasoline en-

gine. TWO big siloes are already in

use on the farm and another will be

constructed during the coming sum-

mer. Following the changing and im-

proving of barns which will occur

soon, a milking machine will be in-

stalled. It is the plan to install up—to-





 





MARCH 27, 1915. .





date equipment throughout the place.

In establishing this butter-making

plant, Mr. Dicken has broken aWay

from the custom so common among

farmers, of growing the same crops

and engaging in the same industries as

those of their neighbors. Because

creameries and cheese factories afford

a profitable outlet for dairy products.

and because nearly all farmers patron-

ize these or similar concerns, need not

necessarily prove that more profit

may not be reaped by returning to the

abandoned business of butter making.

The almost universal tendency to quit

making butter, has created a demand

unknown in former years. Doubtless

in some sections, the making of but-

ter on an extensive scale is not new:

but it is new to the writer’s locality.

and the innovation promises to work

out satisfactorily both to producer and

consumer. It is sometimes a good and

a profitable thing to get out of the

rut, especially when it is apparent

that a better and easier road is ac-

cessible. J. A. KAISER.





[llIll!|IIHIIlfllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllmmlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfllmlmml UllflfilllllIIIHHINHUIHIHIIHINUlllflllllllllllllflllllllllllflllllflllllllllllliiillllfilIlllllmlllllllllllllflllfimilillflllHHI





Clo-operative Breeders’ Associations





HERE was need in Michigan, as

Well as in other states, of some

systematic method of live stock



improvement, especially in cattle.

Farmers generally throughout the

state were using grade and scrub sires

or cross breeding and using whatever

pure-bred sire was most convenient.

Up to the year 1903‘: the average Mich-

igan farmer was not willing to pay





’ much more than meat prices for pure‘





bred sires and when purchased they

were, in most cases, used two years

and sold, usually to the butcher, be-

fore their value as a sire was known.

Many valuable sires were thus lost to

Michigan farmers. The excuse the

farmers gave was that their herds

were small and they could not afford

to purchase a. pure-bred sire just for

their owu use and when they offered

his service to others they would not

use it, or if they did, they would not

pay the service fee, so that the pur-

chase of a sire to them was unprofit

able. .,



In September, 1906, the Michigan

Agricultural College published a bone

tin entitled, “Methods for Live Stock

Improvement.” Dean R. S. Shaw was

its author. This bulletin seemed to

create a desire on the part of the

tanner for better live stock. The

State Board of Agriculture recogniz-

ing the desire of the farmer, in De-

cember, 1907, appointed a live stock

field agent whose duties were to place

before the farmer with a small herd of

common cows, 3 plan by which he

could have the continued use of pure

bred sires of one breed for the pur-

pose of improving his herd by a sys-

tem of upgrading or by which, if he

had a pure-bred cow, he might be sure

of the service of a pure-bred bull of

the same breed at small cost. Carry-

ing out. the plan outlined in Dean

Shaw’s bulletin the Community Breed-

ing Association was adopted as one of

the best methods for the improvement

of live stock.



A Community Breeding Association,

as worked out in this state, is a co-

operative association in which the

owners of 120 or more cows agree to





, breed only one breed of cattle. When





the {equired number of cows are se-

cured the owners meet and decide on

the breed. The association is organ-

ized and incorporated under state law.



A pure-bred sire is purchased for

every 40 cows and placed in the hands

of a caretaker as neartthe center of

this group of 40 cows as may be. This

size is kept in this group «for two

years and then is exchanged to anoth-

er group. At the end of four years

the sire is again exchanged. Barring

death or accident to a sire, the plan

provides for the service for the cows

of the association forsix years, with

nu mm This .13 mavens m





 





for ”me 0% the WM 9139.?“





pleted the full six years’ service with

the original sires.



Michigan has many of these asso-

ciations but not near as many as she

ought to have. No longer does the

sale of pure-bred sires go begging. I

believe I am safe in saying that more

than four times the number of pure-

bred sires are in service in Michigan

today than there were in 1906.



Wherever these associations have

been organized and have purchased

good sires there has been a great im-

provement in the cattle in the com-

munity. I noticed in the transfers of

registered cattle a few months ago,

the transfer of several head of pure-

bred females from a member of one

one of these associations. When this

particular association was organized

there was not one head of pure-bred

cattle in that township or in the vici-

nity of it. Today you can see hun-

dreds of good grades of the breed

they chose.



What Others Think of the System.



“I think it is the best method for

the systematic improvement-of cattle

in existence in America.”——Prof. C. S.

Plumb, Professor of Animal Husband~

ry, Ohio State College, in a speech

before the South Carolina. Breeders'

Association.



“Our breeders should encourage in

every way the formation of associa-

tions like that in Michigan, and

should never forget that the improve

ment of the Productive capacity of the

dairy herds of the country is the real

reason for our existence as an asso-

cia.tion."—Malcolm Gardner in otllcial

records of Holstein-Western cows,

February 11-19, page 96.



Marquette Co. W. F. RAVEN.



This is the twenty-first of 52 special

articles to be published in consecutive

issues. Its author has been engaged

in the work of organizing these breed-

ers’ associations in every section of

the state where interest has been

shown in the proposition by dairy

farmers since the inception of the

work. At present he is doing similar

work in the Upper Peninsula. One or

more of these cooperative breeders'

associations is now to be found in

nearly every well developed agricul~

tural county in the state, and the

work is now being extended to the

newer counties. This is a kind of co—

operative work which should appeal

to the farmers in every community of

the state where dairying is a com-

mon development of farm production.

The farmers of any such section will

find an object lesson of the benefits

to be derived tram such an organiza-

tion close at hand in one of these

numerous organizations. It will pay

them to investigate and emulate the

work which is being done by them,

andthisisagoodtimetomkethh

investigstm-Iflt ' ‘ '
MARCH 27, 1915.





WHAT .-lS-A PROF-[TABLE . HEIFER?





 





How much milk ought a Holstein

heifer, two to three years of age, prop-

erly fed, give per day at her best, to

warrantone to keep her for the dairy?

What would be the minimum per

year one ought to require of cows

(Holstein) for profitable keeping at

present feed conditions? I sell to the

condenser at $1.55 net, this month.



Jackson Ce. L. B. B.



This matter of production is so

closely associated with the individual

peculiarities of an animal, and there

is such a variation in the behavior of

animals, that it is impossible to lay

down a rule and have it prove true in

every instance. In a general way, how-

ever, it may be said that the perfor-

mance of a two-year-old heifer that

has been well grown and is well car-

ed for, will not be far from two-thirds

of her performance as a mature cow.



In the case which your correspond-

ent has cited, the heifer gave 25 lbs.

of milk per day. If she was a fairly

persistent milker she probably produc-

ed in the first year about 5,000 lbs. of

milk. This is not a large yield, but

6,000 lbs. would be a very creditable

yield for a two-year-old heifer of this

type. On such a production for a two-

year-old a farmer might expect be—

tween 7,000 to 8,000 lbs. in a year

when the animal has reached her

prime. _



It is further stated that the heifer

did not show very much improvement

in her three-year—old form. This being

the case he was, no doubt, justified in

disposing of her for beef. However,

it ought to be

heifer frequently shows up about as

poorly in her three-year-old form as

she does in any year of her life. This

is really not the regular rule but is

met with so frequently that one might

call it the first exception under the

rule.



Nothing is said as to the ration

which the animal received, so we have

no way of knowing whether liberal

feeding was practiced or not; furth-

er, no information is given as to the

fleshing tendencies of the animal. The

heifer may have returned in the form

of milk all that could logically be ex-



1pect‘ed from the amount of feed giv-

. en, but if she showed a strong ten-

dency to convert her food into meat

and increase in body weight rather

than to convert it into milk she had

iprobably better be disposed of for

beef than to be retained as a member

of the herd. A. C. ANDERSON.



SPOILED ENSILAGE AT END OF



' STAVES.





..___.





I put up a stave silo last fall,- when

I came to feed the ensilage this winter

it had kept good as far down as the

, point Where the ends of staves come

together; there was mold about a foot

above and below joint. After I got

below that it has been all right again;

would like to know if there is any-

thing I can do or anything I can. put



'; on to keep out .the air. The ensflage



l spoiled on sides about a foot in and



tthree feet down from where it was



- good on top. Would like _ to know



‘ what to put on top to keep it best.



Clare Co. J. A.



' It is quite a nice job to fit the ends

of the staves in a stave silo Onto the

cement foundation so no air can get

through; this is one of the greatfaults

to be found with a stave silo. The

staves should come just even with the

wall sothere will be no projection to

prevent the silage from settling. Then



' if the bottom is tight a heavy coat of

coal tar will usually make a tight



. joint. But if the stave part does not



,fit the cement part it is much more



:diflicult. The “jog” should be filled

with cement, or better still with roof-

ing cement which will stick tight to

the staves._ , '



To keep ensilage from spoiling on

the top of 'the silo, level it off after

filling, and tramp thoroughly. ,This

must be done two or three times. Wet

the top and put on lots of. water every-

time youiti‘amp it. If this is thorough-

ly done, not ever sixi-‘inclieswilltz’s'pb‘fiy

If after the top is thoroughly‘wet and

tramped you will put on cemmon salt





remembered that a,





THE ’MICHIGAN FARMER





two inches deep you can preserve the

whole of it. If you use salt on top,

when you come to feed the silage

dig down two or three feet deep next

the door and allow only a little of the

salty top to be used at a feed. You

won’t have to salt the cows, and can

save the whole business.





BEET PULP WOULD HELP THE

RATION.





 





My cows are not doing well. Isn’t

the feed balanced right? It is mixed

as follows: 150 lbs. of bran, 200 lbs.

of oats, corn-and-cob meal, and 100 lbs.

oil and cottonseed meal mixed. I feed

twice a day cornstalks, and for the

rest mixed hay, all they will eat.

Would it be better to feed some dried

beet pulp? H. W.



This is not a bad ration, in fact, it

is a pretty good one, and the cows

ought to do pretty well if they are

well-bred dairy cows, provided, of

course, that you feed enough grain.

Large cows should have one pound of

grain for every four pounds of milk

they give. If a cow is giving, say 30

pounds of milk per day she should be

fed seven and one-half pounds of grain

per day. If 40 pounds of milk, then

she is entitled to 10 pounds of grain

per day. There is a good selection of

grains in this ration and I don't see

why the cows do not do fairly well.



There is no succulent food in the ra-

tion, and dried beet pulp, moistened

several ho'urs before being fed, will

furnish some succulency, and be a

benefit in that way, besides its food

value.





‘ lllllllllllllllllllllfll|llllllflllllllfllllfllflfllllllllhllfllfllfllfllfllflfllllillllllllllllflllllllllllllllllflflllllllllllll|l|l||lIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





JUST A “HAPPEN-SO.”





 





I have a two-year-old heifer from a

Holstein cow and a seven-eighths

Guernsey bull. She is good size and

in good health as far as I can see. I

bred her to a thoroughbred Holstein

bull. About four weeks. ago she had

a nice heifer calf. She only showed

signs of bag in two quarters and that

was very small. She only gave about

a teacup of milk and we could not get

her to.do any better. I will feed her

until spring and sell her as I don’t

think she would ever be any good for

milking purposes. Will her calf be

safe to chance for a milch cow? Do

you know of any such cases? Is it

in the breeding or just a “happen

so ?” I would like to hear from other

farmer readers having similar expe-

riences. A. W.



I think A. W. has expressed the

facts just right. It is just a “Happen.

so.” It was not good breeding to breed

a Holstein cow to a grade Guernsey

bull. These breeds do not cross well,;

but now the grade Holstein heifer is}

bred back to a Holstein bull which'

makes her a grade therefore, and a

pretty high grade also. Holsteins do

not usually produce heifers with no

udders or with udders that do not de-

velop. This breed is considered long

on this characteristic of good udders.

As a matter of fact, this happens

sometimes with all breeds. It is sim—

ply a Sport or mutant. While we would

all rather have a heifer calf out of a

good producing cow, this calf may

make an excellent cow. Breeding is

not an exact science. Two times two

don’t always equal four in breeding.





.—





IMPROVE THE RATION.





 





 





HOW TO





 





 





I am feeding ground speltz, oats and

cottonseed meal. How does speltzl

compare with corn meal, and how cans,

I better this feed? For roughage I}

feed cornstalks, clover and timothy;

hay. The cows run to the straw and!

oats and speltz and bean straw. M. T.



The'analysis of speltz is something

like, corn and barley, but it is a little

richer in protein. \Vith the hulls off,

speltz will be worth more, pound for

pound, than corn meal. Speltz, [oats

and cottonseed meal may be a good

combination for grain if‘fed in right

proportions. '



The roughage is also composed of

good foods, but the part ofthe ration

could be improved if silage could be

added, or if beets orfsome otherform

of roots, even potatoes—and they are

cheap enough to feed “this year——

would greatly improve the, ration by

furnishing a Succulent food.





 





E

=

E





=





   





IllIillIil"Illllmlllll|IllHIIIIIIIIlll|lIllIllIfllllIlllIHIIIIIIHIIIIIIHIIflfllfllflfllfllflIIIlllllllIllIllllllllllllllillIlllllllllllllliIllI|IllIlllllflllIll|||Ill|IlllllIlllflllllflfllllfllflllllflllfllfllllllfllfllflllflllflfllfllflllflfllfllflflllllll





llllllllfllllfllmllllllllllflllllllllllllllllllllllflll ’





 





 

 





The survival

of the fittest





TRIED in the furnace of competition and subjected



to the test of years of practical use on nearly

2,000,000 farms the world over, the De Laval has

proved its overwhelming superiority to all other cream

separators.





Twenty years ago there were as many makes of fac-

tory as of farm separators, but for the past ten years the

De Laval has had this field almost to itself, 98 per cent

of the cream separators in use by creamerymen and mar-

ket milk dealers to—day being of the De Laval make.





It. has taken the inexperienced farmer a little longer

to sort the true from the untrue, the wheat from the

chaff, in the maze of conflictory catalog and local dealer

separator claims, but year by year the ever—increasing

proportion of farm separator buyers is reaching the

same conclusion as the creameryman—that the De Laval

is the only cream separator they can afford to buy or use.





Many other cream separators have come into the lime—

light of publicity for a few short months or a few short

years, claiming to be “as good as” or “cheaper” than the

De Laval, but their users have sooner or later found

them lacking in some one respect or another, and even

where a few have seemingly done well their users have

come to learn that the De Laval was a still better

machine.





The unfit or the less fit cannot possibly survive for long

in separators or anything else. Think of all the sepa—

rators you used to see advertised so extravagantly in

your favorite farm papers. \Vhere are they now? \Vhy

do you seldom, if at all, see their names mentioned?

Simply because the fittest must survive and the others

must fall out of the race. '





The De Laval has triumphed over all other separators, .





and its supremacy is now almost as firmly eStablished

in farm as in factory separators because its separating

system, design and construction are essentially different

from and superior to other separators.



A De annl cntnlog to be had for the nukina explains and illuln



trntes these differences. A De Laval machine, to be had on



test or trial from the nearest local De anal agent. doeo oofbetter





still. If you dor’t know the nearest local agent. Iimply write

tho nearest Do Laval main office as below.





The De Laval Separator C6.

165 Broadway, New York 29 E. Madison St., Chicago

50.000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER





lllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllll!llIllIllIllI|II|ll[IlllIlllllllllll|I|lllllllll|IllfllllllIll|llllllllilllllllllllllllllllllll





7—383





WIilluminating





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mIllIll|||||l||llllllIIIlllllllllllll|||l||IllIlllI||ll|lllllllllIllIllllllIllllllIlllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllll|I|||Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





fillllllmlillml|llllIll!llllHill"llIllll||llllllllll|lmIll"llll|Ill||IIIIHIllllll|Illllillflll|IllIllllWilllIlliIllIlllllllllflllllllmlllllllflfllllillflllllllllllmlli"Hill"IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllMilli?





 





 

 





 





   





.6»:

costs Only HALF as Much as Iron, Ila: Plpo or Vllro Gates





I want to ship you as many "CAN’T-SAG" Gates as you need and let you use them 30 da



uiiht‘ktiii as: arm's-'3' “a. as?

- 0-4186 em



on but—ply tho l‘nlgm both my: and you won't be 011% 03.9911”. y





”3.: make If I t to t “

you one . wan you n

sn't proveanldfaim. I’ll XII pmy





 





You LW than limos-laden“ Wood Gales—





] want topmvo to you they are better. ell“





takethe





   





EggflffiPflod—EEfifi-finpifig #353133, "3 fella:

o... . fi-om-mmuufip 3:. .7...'. °°.. ° a.“ °° “n 1mm

53:”. ‘ ~00“ cu ’ E $th ”my“ Wilda“: £33.13? mm

flfim wmfimnfifllmmm .. enga- “-

Mill V. W “W‘GTWI ”0 O.- m Mono C “L...“ '5'.-
\ .

§\ .

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A Standardized coal-

inoecticide, animal dip;



Use Zenoleum; get

cows; more pork from

from your sheep; more





 





\\ N . . _

\ ‘5 \V'





tar disinfectant,

always the some.

more milk from your

your hogs; more wool

eggs from your hens;





more work from your horses. In short, make





more money in the Live





Stock business by





using this great preventative.





[M m Endorsed 91 ill Agricultural Colleges





Our guarantee: If Zenoleum is not an that

be. yo





YOU think it ought to

u can have your money





back; no letters, no talk,

lust money back.





Prices: postpaid—S oz.

25:: qt. 50c; 23!. 81.50.

Ask for our free 1915 Live

Stock Life insurance Policy.

The Zenner Disinfectant Company

aislafantlo Iv... Detroit. Mich.

~Us: Zmoleu m Lice Powder for Poultry. ,'





 





 





 





 





That’s what thousands

of well satisfied users





a much good

, done their horses

‘ and mules to clip

- them before the

spring work >

gins, With





The Stewart V





 

 

 

 

 





solid steel bar and made file hard, th





23:13 and 6 feet long and it has t





marvelous machine at the money.

GET from YOUR DE





rite for com is





on request.

CHICAGO FLEXIBLE SHAFT 00.

I 16 I. L- Sell. an. CHICAGO. IL





 





   





are enclosed protected and run in oi:

the flexible shaft is new style, lighthrug-



e lg ~

grade Stewart dippln. hood-a truly





01'



send $2.00 and we will ship C.0.D.

forts! f h w '1' ‘ d



on o orsec Ippmg' an s can



giving machines—mailed free





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 





It also gets



much well-



deserved

praise.





 

 

 





 

 





I ’.r\ _ ;

TheSiewarl Io.9

Shearing Machine





I has done wonders for the farmer

in saving labor and morass:

the quantity and uality of woo

he gets from his I It gets

16 to 20% moi-e from every sheep.





   

 





   

   

   

   

 





You know the size of your dock

so fi re your profit and you'll

find 8 machine Wlu more i.

pay for itself the first season.

to A boy cgnfiurgt all day. ‘tfinball

'oints a. an WI ‘

hearing sheari “Timid. The



uipment inch: four let!

in? knives fully swan .

Ask your dealer or send 08.00

and pay balance 0. O. D.





 

 

   

   

 





 

 

   

   

 

 





 





 





L.





 





 





 





Percheron Sale





Farmers and breed-

ers this is your oppor-

tunity to buy a heavy “

boned ,PERCHERO N _

STALLION at a price .

that will make you

money.





sold in next ten days.

mares.





HilliSEMEN ATTENTION





 





WE HAVE ON HAND





I 0 Black 2-3-4-year-olds,-





ready for service and guaranteed. We bred

and raised these colts and can make prices

and terms below compet1t10n.





Write your wants.





   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   





They must be

Also a few young





 

 

   





 





 





 





GENERAL No.





sition, Chicago, 111. Official s





eron mares for season of 19





1 Mile to Orleans.





 

 





Black Percheron Stallion P





Pilot 6325181. 6 years old





67466—VVinner 'of Senior

Championship of the World, and American bred Grand

Championship at the 1911 International Stock Expo—





We will accept a limited number of pure bred Perch-





insure in foal, with return pmv1leges.

owner’s risk on pasture for 500 a week.





A. A. PALMER & SONS,





An unusually good site selling E. Hollies. 155 East High





   

   

   





how ring weight 2400 lbs.





 

   





15. Service fees, $25 to

Mares kept at





   

   





P. O. Belding, Mich.





 





1580333011 Stallion. 18!) lbs" Be... 4 can. cheap

for cash or will sell on time. Best 0 reasons for

815;. Detroit. Mic .





 





cred for less than he ll worth.

BBOOKISVTI’AI'EE FABI.





lull" Ila. WI!“ mu m.





m m- me» Register“ alums Simian: For sac.

m





J‘- A. m “PLO.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER ’1

' Puree-Bred Vs. Common Stock





HERE was a time not so very far

distant when we considered pure-

bred stock as something beyond



and set apart from the average farm-



er and the breeder was considered

something of a fanatic. But that time

is past and pure—bred live stock has

become very popular as well as prof-

itable. Nearly every large farmer and

many of the smaller ones have one or

more breeds of pure—bred animals on

his farm. Yet we used to wonder if

the business was really profitable or

if it was just a hobby with men of

means. And there are some who still

wonder and still think that this busi-

ness is only for the select few and



not for the many. I want to present a.



few facts in order to dispel this too



prevalent belief.

A Comparison of Profits.



The finanCial side always comes

first so we'll take a look at that side

of this question first. Suppose we take

for example, the dairy cow, for the

pure-bred dairy cow has in some cas‘

es reached enormous values and

prices. A pure-bred dairy cow will

produce more milk than a scrub or a.

grade cow. How much more milk de'

pends altogether on the individuals,

the care, feed, etc. But suppose that

the pure-bred will produce only 1,000

pounds more milk per year than the

grade or the scrub, and anybody who

is acquainted with the dairy industry

will have to concede that to be a very

conservative supposition. And then

there is the calf.

is worth about $5. A calf from a

pure-bred cow is worth from $50 up,

depending upon its ancestors and

their performance. So you can read-

ily see why such large prices are de-

manded for some of the pure—bred cat-

tle. A good pure-bred cow will make

her owner $60 more per year than will

a. common cow. Some of them will

make much more than that. That is the

reason that pure-bred dairy stock de-

ands high prices. What is true of the

dairy cow is more or less true of all

pure-bred animals. '



Of course, I do not mean to say that

all pure-bred animals are so much bet-

ter than grades, but it is the general

rule. There are some poor pure-

breds, but the failures in the individu-

al pure-bred animals are the excep-

tions rather than the rule. It is the

general run or the average that makes

the rule, and the average run of pure-

bred animals are far ahead of grades

and incomparably ahead of scrubs.



A grade animal is one Whose, dam

or" sire is a pure—bred animal and so

the grade is better than the scrub and

in many cases the performance of a

high-grade animal is nearly as good

as a pure-bred, but the progeny of a

grade animal will not bring nearly as

high a market price as Will the pure-

bred.



Getting lnto the Business.



The first argument against the pure-

bred animal, if there is any such ar-

gument, is the high price of founda-

tion stock. It is expensive to purchase

a herd of pure-breds. The cheaper

way to get into the pure-bred business

is to purchase one or more females

and raise a herd for yourself. Then

get a pure-bred sire and start grading

up the stock that you already have. 1

think it is better to buy young ani-

mals because it is nearly impossible

to purchase a mature pure-bred with-

out paying an exorbitant price. And

if you can buy a mature pure-bred for

a normal price it very often happens

that you do not get a very good one.

Men who have the best mature pure—

breds are not selling them at marked

down prices for two reasons. First,

because they want to keep the best

for themselves and second because

they can get the top price for a good

animal.



Aside from the financial side of the



question, there is a. whole lot of satis-



faction in owning a herd of pure-bred

animals. Did you ever visit a farmer





 





 





A calf from a scrub-





MARCH 27, 1915.





and ask to see his stock? If he has

pure-bred stock he will nearly break

his neck to show them to you and will

tell you all the good points about

them. But if he has only scrub stock

he usually says he has only common

stock and reluctantly shows them to

you. He is ashamed of his stock and

when a man is ashamed of his work

he is not going to succeed nearly so

quickly. as if he is proud of it. Peru

sonal satisfaction cannot be measured

in dollars and cents because it is too

valuable to be measured by such a.

standard. A man has to be satisfied

with his work if he is to do his best.





A Broadening Influence.



The breeder of pure-bred live stock

has to keep up with the times in his

particular line and this necessity will

tend to broaden his horizon. He at-

tends the breeders’ associations and

the institutes and every progressive

meeting which pertains to his work

and in doing so he rubs elbows with

the best men in the business and

learns of their methods and experi-

ences. He perhaps takes his herd to

the fairs to compete with better herds.

He sees where he is making mistakes

and corrects his errors. He mixes

with his fellows and he feels that he

is one of them and the friends that he

meets all help him to get out of any

rut that he may have fallen into. One

of the main drawbacks to the farmer’s

life is that it is too secluded. The

breeder of pure-bred live stock gets

away from the narrowing influence of

the farm and studies all his problems

with a broader view than does his

neighbor.



The raising of pure-bred live stock

seems to reflect upon the man himself.

He is doing good work and it makes

him a better man. There are pure‘

bred men just the see as there are

pure-bred live stock, and there are

scrub men just the same as there are

scrub live stock. The pure-bred man

is the man who sticks by you when

you are down and out and helps you

when you need it most. The pure‘

bred man gives you a square deal and

you can trust him to do the right

thing. Pure-bred stock have similar

qualities. They will give you some‘

thing in return for the feed and the

time and trouble expended on them.



Keeping the Boys on the Farm.



And pure-bred live stock will help

you to solve the problem of keeping

the boys on the farm. A man came

to me the other day and bought a

pure-bred bull. He said that he in-

tended to buy a. pure-bred heifer in :1.

short time. He explained that he was

buying them for his boy because the

boy had read that pure-bred animals

were the best. He said that he had a

good boy and that he wanted to stay

on the farm. That father was a wise





father and he knew that the boy had ‘





to have something to interest him,

something that he could take pride in

and show to his neighbors as the best

of its kind. It is no wonder that so

many boys do not stay on the farm

any longer than is absolutely neces-

sary. There is nothing to hold them

there, nothing to interest them. Pure

bred live stock is one of the greatest





agents in working out the problem for,





keeping the boy on the farm, and it

would be worth trying if it were only

for this one reason.



Therefore, since producing pure-

bred live stock in its many forms is a

profitable business, since it tends to

broaden the individual who is engag-

get into if you start in a small way,

ed in it, since it is not expensive to

since it has a tendency to reflect fav—

orably upon the individual by making

him a better man in his community,

and since it will help you to keep

your boy on the farm where he ought

to stay and where you need him, is it

not worth the small effort and expense

that it takes to get into the business?



Genesee Co. L. S. BRUM’M.





 





 





.~.M r“
MARCH 27, 1915.





FEEDERS’ PROBLEMS.





 





Millet as a Roughage for Horses.





We have a heavy work team; one

a mare with foal. What grain would

you feed with Japanese millet to

make a balanced ration? I fed four

quartsof oats three timsea day. Mil-

let, some corn_ fodder, and oat straw.

They were lazy, coats rough, scoured

badly and sweat profusely when work-

ed. We reduced oats one—half, they

appeared better but not right.



Ogemaw Co. F





Millet hay is not generally consider-

ed a suitable roughage for horses

where fed as an exclusive roughage

ration. In some experiments conduct-

ed several years ago at the North Da-

kota Experiment Station, it was defi-

nitely determined that millet caused

an injurious effect on the system,

which was in some cases fatal and in

others caused more or less serious

symptoms. The chemical analysis of

millet hay is similar to that of tim-

othy hay, except that it contains more

protein. Oats would make as desir-

able a grain to feed with it as could

be used. It would be far better to use

some other roughage for the horses if

available, and a much safer plan, es-

pecially where it is being fed to brood

mares to use it only in limited quanti-

ties, if at all.



No injuries have ever been observed

from feeding millet hay to other do-

mestic animals, but it is a quite gen-

eral experience among those who have

used it for horses, that it is quite an

unsatisfactory roughage ration.



Cottonseed Meal for Horses.





Is cottonseed meal good for horses,

and about how much would it do to

feed them morning and evening?



Branch Co. , F. P.



Cottonseed Meal has been fed to





horses doing heavy work with splen-





THE MICHI





grain ration should not contain too

much corn, and the corn fed should

be supplemented with middlings, oats:

or bran or a combination of theseI

grains in the slop. Provision should

be made for plenty of exercise, which

is quite as important as judicious

feeding. It is impossible to state the

quantity which should be fed without

knowing more definitely the size and

condition of the brood sows. They

should be kept in just a good thrifty

condition, not thin and not too fat.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





 





The movement of hogs to market,

since the close of last October hasl

been extremely lively, resulting in a}

heavy manufacture of provisions, and;

they have been piling up to a remark-

able extent. Stocks of provisions held

in the five leading western packing

centers underWent an increase during

February of 66,524,000 lbs., while for

that month last year the increase was

only 21,144,000 lbs. On March lsuch

stocks aggregated 365,547,000 lbs.,

comparing with 243,604,000 lbs. on that

date last year. These liberal holdings

are easily accounted for when it is

stated that the western packing points

large and small, have slaughtered, in

round numbers, since the first of last

November more than 13,000,000 hogs,

an increase of over 2,000,000 hogs on

the number packed for the same pe-

riod a year ago. With these showings,

it is not strange that pork in the Chi-

cago market should have declined

within the last 12 months as much as

$4.50 a barrel. Other hog meats also

have suffered marked declines, with

lard the strongest article in the pro-

vision line, as that is the only product

that is in smaller supply at packing

points than a year ago. Packers are

disposed to complain because of the

lower prices for their products, but





they neglect to speak of the fact that

liberal stocks of provisions were de—





 





GAN FARMER





The Goodrich





9—385





Tire, like the





trained athlete, is all brawn

and muscle—no fat





HE old Olympic Game pro-

moters were great for what

we call “form."



Symmetry, proportion, soundness

and proper balance out-bid bulging

muscles for favor—yes, and out-won,

too, just as they will today.



Mere bulk never was synonymous

with endurance—and the truth of this

statement drives home with a bang,

when you apply it to tires.



0:.





O

0..





IF thick, heavy tires were the last





9

0..





word in tire construction, we



could wipe out of existence a

Goodrich Research and Test Depart-

ment employing seventy people. We

would take off the road a battalion of ten

automobiles that run twenty-four hours

a day and every day in the year, grind-

ing tires of all makes to pieces, just for the

sake of information to us and eventual

economy to the user of Goodrich Tires.



There is where we learn to cut but

of a tire the material which gets the

user nothing.



Of course, when we stripped tire

price lists of their padding—fictitious

values—we expected rivals to say we

had stripped our tires.





Note the following table of comparative prices

‘A.', “B.” “C"

'D” represent four highly-advertised tires :





on non-skid tires. Columns headed

on





T was their only “come-bac "

They had to say that, in strip-

ping down prices to the point

where they were fair to dealer and con-

sumer and left no room for injurious

price-cutting tactics, we had stripped

our tires of some quality, too.

0:.





O

6..





HE Goodrich Tire, like the



trained athlete, is all brawn



. and muscle—no fat. lt repre-



sents an achievement—the ability to cut

out the extra costs of manufacture, the

extra costs of labor, of extra, needless

material, and to give you the best, long-

mileage, high-standard tire in the world.



There are padded tires as well as

padded price lists.



Don't pay for padding.



Now don’t forgefithis—we are talk-

ing in the main about Goodrich Safety

Tread Tires, for they represent ninety

per cent of our factory output for resale.



Furthermore, while we have put

the padded prices on smooth tread tires

on the run, the evil of padded prices

on non-skid tires still is in evidence, as

shown in table below:





0

0.0





 

   

 





 





iiiiillllllnu...





 





 





 





 





Mule Colts Fed on Sweet Clover Haulm by Sam Willis, Benzie County.





 





did success. This food being rich in

protein is very sustaining when the

horses undergo severe muscular exer-

tion. There is no danger only in ov-

erfeeding. It is a heavy feed, that is.

a. very concentrated feed. Hlorses

should not have over two or three

pounds per day for 1,000 pounds live

weight, and the balance of the ration

should be corn or oats or some food

of that nature. Begin with one—half

pound at a feed and gradually in-

crease to the desired amount. Idle

horses should be fed very sparingly

of this rich food.

Ration for Brood Sows.



Would like information of a bal-

anced ration for brood sows. Have

two registered Poland China sows

that I am expecting to farrow some

time in April that have ra1sed two

litters and did not raise many of their

pigs. Each had seven pigs and lost

them after they became_two or three

days old. So would like to know

what is the best feed and how. much

they should have from now until pigs

are well started. They seem very

easy keepers so thought perhaps they

were overfed.



Eaton Co. 0. B.





The ration for brood sows should be

bulky as well as well balanced. It is

an excellent practice to feed some

well cured alfalfa or clover hay in ad-

dition to the grain ration. It is not a

difficult matter to accustom the hogs

to this feed, provided it is given them

regularly once each day in small quan-

tities which they will consume. The





rived from hogs costing them but

$6.50@6.75 per 100 lbs., while they

have carried on an enormous and

highly lucrative business in selling

fresh pork products, thereby material-

ly lowering the cost of provsions in

their cellars. Of late the discrepancy

between corn and hog prices has been

lessened considerably, although hogs

are much cheaper than in recent

years, while corn is higher than a

year ago. W'hen hogs sell on the

farm for $6 per 100 lbs. and corn for

600 a bushel, it is customary to re-

gard feeding corn to swine as a prof-

itable venture. Recently corn has

sold in Iowa and Illinois at 63@65c on

the farm, whereas several weeks ago

the ruling price stood around 730. As

the last pig crop has been moved ear-

lier to market than usual, it is safe to

count on correspondngly smaller mar-

ketings later on.



Horses were marketed less freely

than usual last week, and an active

demand made firm prices, with army

horses the most wanted. The British

and French agents bought as many

horses as in recent weeks, with





mounts selling at $145 and artillery .





horses at $175@185. Farm workers

went at $100@160, few selling below

$125 or over $150, with mares of qual-

ity wanted at around $160. Commer-

cial horses weighing around 1.500

were in excellent demand at $190@

250, a few of the better class selling

at $230@250.



Apparently, there is hardly any lim-

it to the upward movement in prices

for lambs and sheep of the better

class, it being purely a matter of sup-

ply and demand, with not half enough

to go around. Now, if ever, every

sheepman should study to do his best

in producing fat, marketable live mut-





tons.





 





 





 





fryer-w" "f





   





 





an. -15" . ~

U“ r-Wi‘: -.





   





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





   





 





 





 





 





. cafes: OTHER MAKES g \

[Size Tree: “A” “B" «on I “D" g 6‘5§%,%- ,.

, -——.-—= . , ‘3:

30x3 5 9.45 $10.55 $10.95 $10.35 18.10 = 71.- W‘

sow/g 12.20 13.35 14.20 21.70 23.60 :—_x¢‘~g§ ‘-

32x31/2 14.00 15.40 15.30 22.85 25.30 <__________~.

34x4 20.35 22.30 23.80 31.15 33.55

36x41/2 28.70 32.15 33.00 41.85 41.40 1.3. otandardTl'r

37x5 33.90 39.80 41.80 49.85 52.05 17...... > «1.1.1. .1100"!

Goodrich Safety Tread non-skids are judged





 





 





If you are charged less for any other make

than Goodrich, they are taking it out of the tire; if

you are charged more. they are taking it outof you.





GOODRICH F air-Listed TIRES





Four Wheels-h

iig‘ger Yields





The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, 0.





 





 





 





   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

   

 

   

   

   

   





 





OU CAN have the benefits of



better planting and vastly bet-



ter crops with the Hayes



Four-Wheel. Every kernel planted



exactly tlzesame dcpIh—every hill in perfect



check—an even stand—surer germina~



tion and matter growth—no missing



hills, no bare spots in your fields; such



' conditions will mean more com for

you, better corn, more money.





.- g This planter is guaranteed. It must

«my be all we claim and all you expect.

. 180,000 users verify that Hayes Four-

«1;. Wheels regulate depth of planting to the

{radian of an inch. Corn all comes up at the same time. allows earlier cultiva-

tion. an earlier harvest, a better quality and bigger quantity.





The Hayes Drop never misses a hill.

Simple, reliable and most efficient. Fewer

parts, less breakage and delays. Has no

clutch to miss and give trouble. Never cracks

or grinds the seed. Will drop accurately any

size or shape kernel. No bare spots in Hayes

planted fields. No replanting necessary. Increased

yields soon pay for it.



Free book “ A.C." of Planter Facts tells all about

the Hayes. Write for it today— a postal, or if

you wish a letter, asking any questions on planting





problems .

PLAN





Hayes Four-Wheels guarantee surer

germination and quicker growth. Wheels

pack the dirt around the corn to hold the

moisture and leave a ridge of loose soil on

top. Ridge over corn prevents washouts

in hilly fields and gives greater surface for

sun’s heat.





C over: whereall ordinary open wheels {ail—

even in wet and sticky ground. Guaranteed

not to clog. Short coupled. light draft and

turns in shortest space. Checks with absolute

accuracy, regardless of team's speed. Cross

rows straighter than the way you drive.





HAYES PUMP &





4 .......





 





S KIRSTIN ONE-MAN STUMP PULLERS have made 3 won-





Pulls Big derful record as the cheapest and easiest wayto clear “loafer” stump ,v ', ~

land. Handled and operated by one man. Less weight.less work, more power, .7 V

STUMPS more speed. at a fraction of cost of others. Big stumps outin 2 to 10 min-





utes. The “KIRSTIN” is guaranteed for life.



tree trial and terms to suit. Dozen different models to: all

conditions. Chain or cable equipment.



Live agents wanted.





Sold on month's





with Ease





   

 





Shipment from nearest warehouse.





Write for Proof. Prices. Eton. NOW!





A. .1. KIRSTIN co, 5905 Ludiugton St., Escanaba. Mich. 1.01mi"





 





When Writln¢ to advertisers please mention The Michléan Farmer.
386-410





MILLIONS 0i TREES





PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC.





The oldest largest. and most complete nursery in

Michigan. land for catalog. Prices reasonable.





I. E. ILGENFRITZ’ SONS CO.





TIE MONROE NURSERY. :-: MONROE. HIM.





SCOTTISH CHIEF OATS

Give Phenomena‘kYie/

\





A new hardy variety-extra lsru. bril-

liant white grains-weighs 42 to 46 lbs. '

to bushel—grows about 4 it. high. with

also still straw—yields about 100

bush swears Packed in 4 bushel

suled bags. Northern acclimated. Also

desirable tywsp sprwlmg oora.m '

and barley. rite for samples & prices ~ ‘

HARVEY SEED (30.. 169 Ellicott 81.. Buick). ‘1





Hardy Northern Grown.

Apple and each Trees, 2’ and 3-year, 2mm

3c each. All the old and new varietiesworth lant-

ing including the Early Bherta Pooch, Del cious

Apple, etc. Tim eif you want it. Writer for Price List

IAKESHORE NURSERIES. Box M.,G'Irud1 Pa.





amass





"BATE—Boo! undo Knew

Ahlke Clover aml'l'hncth “y mixed. Numb 1-8 . a bi.

lm grown.





Write for Free Sample 3d Ila-page catalog and are



c drldl ul grass h W 1: Bug m



cansowan c ousyc esp. e an 90

aranteed. It'll! be fore-drum.





med Mbmed

lo: 531 cumin. Iowa





   

 





 





”0d!“

‘A. IIRRV SEED 00..





POT’ATO





Michigan’ s Standard, Sir Walter Raleigh.

Pure and well grown 90 cents bushel.





OAT SEED





Worth —Our own med, $1 bu. Member

icl'nigan EXperiment Asso.





H. E. SAIER. Lansing. Michigan. '





 





 





 





FEDIGREED OATS





Worthy. Mom. and other varieties. Bred

and htested by the cultural College. Best

of hundreds of m’ ties lI Grown in

Michigan and adapted; to Michigan- conditions.



Also improved varieties o! . Corn. Soy

Beans and other «am-v Mkmaan Grown

Sweet Cloves Seed.

SECRETARY 3616316meer ABS-'1‘.

East Lansing. Michigan.





 

 

 

 

 





 





ON TREES





Buy direct from outHurseries-and get best, reli—

able. hardy nursery stock at a saving- of fully one

half. Write today for free. copy of 1915: catalogue

CELERY’ CITY NURSERIES,

Box HZ, ‘





STRAWBERRY PLANTS.





Seed Potatoes. Seed Corn. Catalog Free.

FLANSBURGH & POTTER

Box 360, Leafie, Mich.





STRAWBERRY PLANTS.





1G!) for t!“ as per new ofler in free catalogue.



varietievand-E vim] shed. Boedoorngpomoe



raspberries. vines. shrubs. fruit trees and shiverythi

LLEGAN NUMERI. — Womb! 1:133:15





P1 and all small fruit



strUWbe!‘ y 382*?” Oinaifnentals. nets?

ac ur e. or;



werti?’ hearing Large sharia.”



We guarantee all our



m Large rooted and heaiilny



Rhode Island Eggs for hatching. 03923193:th

Bridgman Nursery Co" Box 9. Badman. Mich.





mu GAB—Gluten‘ s _No 5—“ 'llhe Greab Corn

Belt Qats' Hasl yielded 1%) bu. per

acre. Straw very still' and w ill lodge. Large berry.

tblu hull. Reclmnod. mflm' smut. Sample. etc:

E. 8. CHRISTIAIVSEN. Coral. Michigan.





M nah—Regenernted Swedish select also Gin-ton

No. dollar 1‘ bu. B agsl‘REE.

Samples FREE. 0.1M. YUM Millingbon. Mich.





iberian Oats for Sale. Best yielder past hsn- years





hi0 Experiment Station. 85 cents per bushel. '1 en»

bushelsm cents. Then... Amman: (I... lomwills, 0.





firms 6 M musings;

g!” ‘ épmen 0 am an a )

Write for sample and I’rim):.lmy or Rural Hussein



to LON C. LILLIE. Coopemwlllo. Mulligan.





Lfiilsae “{ng umggnnsboaswssr cloves seen

1' 8 1n Evy 88ml) 6 0n requesb.

3:39. DOJINE. ”$9.31: Miriam





m Ma. mm“! m to: sale at $2.60

“*NW. M. YARIGN. St. ”9' tubular

LARGE Michigan Yellow Dent and Pony Dent





Seed JonCorn. “.78 bushel. Bugs

1. Hemline-I. Michigan.





museum-0m “gimp.





Hurley. beardsd.1 bu. 8]. 10 bu?0

0cm; noel;





 





 





 





 





wanted. Outfit free. Write atom

"CHELL’S NURSERY. BEVERLY OHIO.





 





SAVE 50 per cent.





Kalamazoo, Michigan. .





my Wlutq Hes. .

wank-um“ Drydemlliuhi





TREES P..“"..J:f...."“..il





chahslo a. Special canon; h-os .Bea

Sandi-0.8mm m £13., £123“). me.-





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





Planet J1:





Seederflarrow

Phnet Jr tools are the





'» greatest time-, labor-, and

money-savers ever invent-

ed for the farm and gar-

den. They pay for them-

‘ selves in a. single season

in bigger better crops

and last a lifetime. Fully

guaranteed.





   

 





 

 





 

   

   

   

   

 





E splendid combination for the

family garden, onion grower, or

‘ large gardener. Is a perfect seed-

er, and combined double and single

- wheel-hoe. Unbreakable steel



tame. Capacity—2 acres a day.





   

   

 





Stronger, smasher m action, and

mltivates more thoroughly than

any other ham-row made. Nou-

, clogging steel wheel. Invaluable

to the market-gardener, trucker,

tobacco or small- fmuit grower.





7m Cider (.168 illustrations) he.





Describes 55 tools including Sondus..Wheel Hoes.

Home HoesJ-l Barrows Orchasd- and 43QO

Walk postal. no: u.





S LMEN hCO

mum PWBIAPA





 

 





~..wfi





 





 





nlwha’c other fertilizers you

may have used. 10.0

pounds to the acre for

”seeded, and 2100 pounds

to the. acre for cultivated

crops will do the work.

The increase will yield

large profit: over the: cost.

Our real)» attractive and interest-





ing back: seat free. Wrs‘u on post

card for than money: maker:





WILLIAM S. MYERS, Director

25’ Mullen Avenue, wa York





Edwards’ Mlegume Bacteria





I cents or

less per acre for alfalfa depending on seed usoa.

All culture. sent. fully ML Onion dim Ghoul.





THE Imwmui's'B LABORATORIES .Lansmgmicn.





“flew





 





 





maATs—Doublbqourheld‘bagusingflwm . A '





n I. ECK MW.

muss HARLEY“ bmfgf





Ill-Isthmus. moons.“





fiMaEfls-tm «:15me





GMWCW





 





 





1......— ........_.., . «nu-luv“ I .. -. «as -. _._ .





Mmo‘ It.

5





 





iiEflllYw PLANS fimcfmfi .'





 





 

 





 

 

 





 

   

 

   

   

   

 





TOP dress all your

crops with Nitrate





of Soda alone, no matter





MATTER of considerable inter-

est and importance in spraying

is the amount of pressure car-

‘ried with the pump. This is not so

great. a matter in applying the funnel-

shaped sprays as with nozzles that

have a greater carrying capacity, but.

is important with all nozzles. In spray-





: 'ing large apple trees it is necessary





to use nozzles that will carry to all

parts of the trees. Such nozzles pro-

duce coarse sprays unless consider-

.able force is used to break up the

stream. And in some instances, too,

git is necessary to drive the spray

through the tIees with considerable

,force. So that it is important to pro-





‘ ’V'ide rigs. capable of producing consid-





5erable pressure.

High Pressure Outfits.



Some concerns putting out spray

rigs advertise that their outfits will

carry a very high pressure. and supply

a number of. nozzles. While there is

no doubt. true, yet purchasers are lia-

ble to be disappointed in such rigs.

Others are frequently disappointed or

dissatisfied with their machines be-

cause they do not produce so high a.

pressure as they wish. Now, there

,are a very few simple principles that





i :may be easily observed in maintain-

ling the pressure at; the pump, and by





lhavmg reference to these the users

will find much greater satisfaction in





" , their work.





In the first place it is necessary to

have a. pump that is built strong

enough to carry a high pressure and

a power sufficient to produce it. Prob»

ably the greater part of the power

spray pumps now on the market, and

perhaps all of them, are sufficiently

strong to carry any pressure that may

be required. And. a two and a half to

three-horse engine should furnish am-

ple power. We have one rig with: a.

horse and a. hall} engine which has

bmimmanumber of 3:de it

I'GQW too near the limit ad its cas-





producing a high degree 01 names

profiled it is mm to restrict.

the flow d the may lion's! in cries

to produce it. The milled valve mt

be screwed down to a point which

wiflnotpermitodamymbe

low the point desired and than the.

nozzles must be reduced to a mum all

capacity that will allow the pups to

raise the gauge to the point: desired.

With: the milled valve set; at too low a.

point or with too large nozzle capacity

no pump will produce a. high pressure.

Maniac Capacity.



And it is important to. have some-

thing of a. knowledge of nozzle capa-

city. To speak of a pump supplying a;~

certain. number of nozzles is as indefi-

nite as to speak of hauling a given

number of loads of grain. One may

have in mind a. one-horse load. or as

four-horse load, and there is quite as

great a. difference in nozzles. Asquare

described on a. twoduch line is four





 





., ”lace during the early or





times as large as one (Described on a

one-inch line. In. the same way a

nozzle with a certain. sized opening

has four times. the capacity of. deliv-

ery as one with an opening only one~





m half the diameter, perhaps more than





gthat, as the matter of friction cuts

isome figure. A nozzle, therefore, with

.two openings, such as is quite genen





gally used around here, may easily car-





iry eight times as much. spray liquid;





half the diameter. Moreover, there is.

eensidenohle- wear to: these. nozzles and:

the openings. soon became enlarged

so that the delivering capacity is

largely mortgaged. To, state the num-

ber of nozzles than; a pump» will! supply

is therefore meaningless.



One Man Does Early Spraying;



Another thing, of some importance





[as a nozzle with a; single opening of





“in comm waving is the fact that.





there is quilts a Morem- in: the pres»

sure at the nozzle and that: shown: by

.o’tiie gauge at: this-pump. It discus prac-

dormant.





\I. l





 





NARC}! 27, 1915.





Maintaining Pressure in the Sprayer.





spraying to put on nozzles enough to

take the pump’s delivery and do the

work with one man. A single man

can then cover all of the surface, and,

it. seems useless to employ two men

in doing the work that one can do

equally well. But in the later spray-

ings, when the trees are in foliage, we

want a man on the ground to spray

the inside of the trees. Last spring

we used three nozzles on a single line

of hose during the first application.

When we came to the next we put on

a second line- of hose, taking one of

the nozzles of! from the other and put-

ting it onto this. During the first

spraying the gauge indicated a pres-

sure of 185, but as soon as one of the

nozzles was put onto another line of

hose the pressure dropped to 150, al-

though the only difference was the

liquid was run through two lines of

hose instead of one. And the longer

was 30 or more feet long, while the

first was only 12. The friction of the

liquid passing through the hose and

extension rods reduces the pressure

very materially by the time it reaches

the nozzles, and one would perhaps

be surprised at the difference if a.

gauge were put on next to the nozzle.

In this‘case, by allowing a little freer

flow of the liquid; although it was

through 30 feet of half-inch hose, the

pressure at the pump was reduced 35

pounds. EDW. HUTCI‘IINS.





 





THE CURE-ALL AGAIN.





 





Will you kindly inquire of the read-

ers of. the Michigan Farmer if they

have heard of, or have used, Tree-vax,

a new scale and insect exterminator?

i will enclose a circular containing in-

formation on the subject.



Macomh Co. , F. M.



About once in every fifteen or twen-

ty years, or long. enough apart so that

me people will hate forgotten about

the last commence, there appears up-

on the market a am for most all the





_trcuh&es. ‘ theflruit Uselsheir‘to.





The last time this bonanza 1w frin't

HIV-revs appeared in our midst, it was

called the WW Process. The plan

was to bore a hole about an inch in

diameter and an inch deep, put in the

m, which consisted chiefly a! char-

csnL sulphur and soda, plug. up the

Memhtutmdothem The

«la/Dem bed “mete givelotlhe

purchaser, but to put it in. the tree is

awastcofmmey,an£dsealhetree

neither good mix barn.



The circular enclosed does not state

the price of the treatment, but the

Owens Process sold. for 50. cents per

treatment, one treatment being sulfi-

cient for a. tree. Twenty-five cenis

was paid. at time of treatment, and

the balance. was to be paid when. the

treatment proved its. value. The agent

never came around for the other 25

cents.



Lt. may be noticed. that literature of

treatments of this kind, never contain

endorsements from experiment sta-

tions or fruit; authorities of the state

and: national. institutions. These au-

thorities recognized this, method of

Operation as one of the most common

frauds foisted upon- the fruit growing

public.



The Treewax treatment operates up»

on: the same plan as suggested: above.

Its circular states few facts, but

makes many claims and; contains. one

testimonial claiming a; cure for pear

blight. While the, writer has had no

experience with: the remedy under

this. name, the records, of the past

with remedies of this kind? malts him;

absolutely sure in advising against;

the use of this particular treatment.



One readers are urged to» let abso-

lutely alone, regardless of. the strong

claims made, any remedy which is

supposed: to- cure tree Enemies through-

izhe sap until such: time as it is sanc-

tioned- md recommended. generally by

experiment stallion. wthorities. The

present indications are that that time

will be a long time caning.
MARCH 27,1915.





'METHODS OF GROWING STRAW-





BERRIES.





 





- Those‘whohave had experience ;in

strawberry culture will admit that the

hill culture of strawberries, i. e., grow

ing each plant so that it stands alone

and is allowed to set no runner plants,

is ideal. The following advantages are

very evident. The varieties that pro-

duce the largest berries of highest

quality, as Marshall, Wm. Belt, Jessie,

etc., will not do their best except by

the hill culture method. A plantation

cannot be maintained profitably for

several years except by this method.

Wide rows of plants are often unprof-

itable after two fruitings because they

are so weedy it does not pay to clean

them out. The varieties adapted to

hill culture make a larger tap root

that goes to a lower depth of soil for

water and plant food and consequent-

ly makes a larger growth of fruit and

foliage, and also do better during

drouths. The strawberries color bet-

ter and more evenly, and can be pick-

ed more rapidly. The berries sell for

about one-third more than those that

grow in matted rows. When the mar-

ket is glutted the large berries will be

the ones readily sold.

Hill System an Intensive One.



For the hill system, to obtain a full

crop, plants should be set in thick

rows not more than two feet apart, if

the soil is very rich, twenty, or even

eighteen inches will do. This requires

twice as many plants per acre as the

wide row system and also doubles the

labor of transplanting. It necessitates

more horse cultivation in field culture,

more. frequent hand-hoeing, as no

weeds must be allowed to germinate

around the plants to make the system

a complete success, and all runners

should be cut as soon as they start to





the plants until strong ones are made

some time in July, when one or two

runners are bedded from each mother

=plant,..in. the row. so all the plants in

the. rows stand about one foot apart.



The Advantages of the Matted Row.



While the writer practices only the

hill and hedge row system and grows

two acres in this way, yet there are

some things to say in favor of the so-

called matted row system that may

appeal to the busy man who wants

the most of only fairly good berries

at the smallest labor cost. Varieties

of the old Crescent type of strawber-

ries, as the Edgar Queen and Senator

Dunlap, will thrive under more ad-

verse conditions than berries of the

Marshall type. If these are planted in

soil that will grow good corn in rows

three and one-half feet apart and 18

inches in the rows, the most of the

work can be done with horse and cul-

tivator.

necessary is to take a little pains in

spreading out the runners on either

side, and as the row of plants is grad-

ually widened to keep down the weeds

in it, and thinning the strawberry

plants in the fall before mulching for

winter.



The varieties that produce good

crops by such culture are the sourer

hardier kinds. The busy farmer who

has plenty of horses, cultivators, and

land, who does not wish to cultivate

strawberries and cut runners once a

week, to make sure of a large supply

of the fruit had better use the wide

row method. W. H. JENKINS.





PLANT TREES FIRMLY.





 





Few people realize the necessity of

planting trees firmly. If the soil is at

all loose in texture you can hardly

plant them too firmly. Tree roots are





 





 





Strawberries Grown by





grow. White grubs will do more In-

jury to a plantation by the hill sys~

tem, than with matted rows, and may

completely destroy whole rows of

plants. When the soil is not well

drained there is more danger of heav-

ing than in matted rows. So the sys—

tem demands good drainage and

heavy mulching to prevent freezing

and thawing of the ground in early

spring.

The Hedge Row Method.



The hedge row system, or single

line of plants in the rows with rows

two or two and one—half feet apart

and the plants one foot or eighteen

inches apart in the rows, is much like

the strictly hill system as each plant

stands alone, with plenty of feeding

ground, and room to fully develop.

The roots of strawberries do not go

far for their food so narrow rows are

very practical. If a plant has one

foot of pasture, so to speak, on two

sides of it, and six inches on the oth-

er two, and the ground kept well cov-

ered by a dust or straw mulch, the

plant has a very good opportunity to

do its best work for us. One advan-

tage of the hill and hedge row sys—

tems is that during the first year

while growing the plants it is easy

during dry weather to keep a dust

mulch around the plants all the time,

and thus enable them to grow well

without rant‘all. The hedge row sys-

tem requires about half as many

plants for setting as the strictly hill

system. The runners are all kept off





the Hill Culture Method.





usually strong and wiry, and not eas-

ily injured by pressure, though they

should not be bruised.



Prepare the hole for the tree. with

plenty of room, and spread the roots

well. It is a good idea to have a little

mound of soil in the center to spread

them over. Cover and work the soil

down well among the roots. Tamp it

until it is firm and add more. Repeat

until the hole is two-thirds full. If the

soil is dry you can now fill the

hole up with water and let it settle

away at its leisure. \Vhen it is all

gone you can fill the hole up with

soil, but do not press it or you will

make a brick of the wet soil. Let it

stand as it is.



Shrub, roses and all such plants

should be planted in the same man-

ner. Evergreens should be handled

carefully to prevent the roots drying

for a moment and then treated as any

other tree in planting, though it is

best to give them water, even if the

soil is not very dry, as it will cause

them to take hold better, settling the

soil among their fibrous roots more

perfectly than can be done in any oth-

er manner. ’L. H. COBB.





 





“How to Grow Bigger and Better

Crops earlier than you have ever had

them before, or Money Makers for the

Modern Market Grower, Pleasure and

Profit for the Private Grower,” is the

,caption‘of an illustrated booklet mail-

ed upon request by the Ball. Mfg. CO.,

Glenside, Pa., manufacturer of Ball

seed and plant forcers and other sim-

ilar accessories.





All the hand work strictly.





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





Aj/Canadajs Collin Yin

, to her RichWheat j .





her FREE Homestead lands of 160 acres'each or secure

some of the low priced lands in Manitoba. Saskatchewan





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





and Alberta.





ient.





 





3 Garden Tools in 1

Th. BARKER amgzrflulchorund





The only garden tool that successfully. in one op-

eration. fill: wads, and iomis a complete ml

‘1 . mulch to hold moisture. “Best Weed Killer



Ever Used." A boy with a Barker beats

ten men with hoes. Has shovels for

. | , y, deeper cultivation. Self ad-





MWn‘adiusting. Costslittle.





   





.\\ ‘V





 





   





     

 

 





   





THE " "“"5, g, 'f Write for illustrated fold"

(‘0 ' 0;; a“ it! and nodal Factorymrllur

-'. B‘rk.’ M". CO.





A ..... /////.,~$,





 





 





 





Box 105. David City. Nebr.





WHITE SWEET $





 





 





BIGGEST MONEY-MAKER KNOWN—INVI IOA‘I’I



The greatest forage lant that grows. Superior to all

as a fertilizer. Equal o Alfalfa for hay. Excels for pas-

ture. Builds up wom-out soil quickly and produces im-

mense crops. worth from esoio $125 ,per acre. Easy to get

started. grows everywhere. on all inds of soil. Don’t

delay writing for our Big 92-page free catalog and circu-

lar giving ful particulars. We can save you money on

best tested guaranteed seed. Sample Free. Write today.

A. A. BERRY SEED 00.. Box 931, CLARINDA. IOWA





 





Best for windbreaks and hedges. Protect crops _~ '



and stock. Keep house and barn warmer—save , .



fuel-save iced Hill’s evergreens are hardy, ‘w



nursery-grown.Get Hill‘siree illustrated ever- .



green book and list of 50 Great Bargain Oi- '



lets—from $4.50 up per Thousand. 56 years' ~



experience. World's largest growers.Write _ .z



n. HILL NURSERY 00., Evergreen ‘ _ .. . .4

23 2001!» St.. Dundee. lllii. Specialiss. ‘ - ' 2





”$0550 coN





Highest yielding varieties. We welcome comparative tests

between ours and others. Wing's Improved Whiteca has

never been beaten in our fields. Wing's Isa-day Yel ow is

earlier and was good enou h to win the State Corn Contest

in one-acre plots in 1912. ield 139 bushels, 17 lbs. Our

Clarape is maturing for us in about. 100 days and yielding

practically'the same as later varieties. All our com is cured

on patent wire hangers which insures practically perfect:

germination. For many years our com has been bred from

ear-row test plots. Write for catalog and prices.





WING SEED 00., BOX 442 HECNANIGSBURC. 0.





BANKEB’S THIAL OOLLEOTION. 3233133.:





 

     





 





 





I00 Fruit Trees, Berry Bushes a. Grape Vines, $5

Money back if not satisfied when you see the trees.

20 Apple trees—<3 to 7 ft. 2 years—4 Baldwin. 2 Banana. 2

McIntosh,2 R.I.Greening,2 Red Astraohnn.2 Sta man.

2 York Imperial, 2 Black Ben Davis 2 Stark. 1 Poor

trees No. 1—2 year—2 Bartletts, 3 D’Anjo. 5 ieifer.

l Elbertn Peach. 1 En. Crawford, 1 Montmorency

Cherry 3 to 5 ft., 1 Oral) Apgle, 1 Burbank plum 5 to '7 ft.

10 Gra e Vines, 6 Cancer , 6 Nin ara. 1 yr.. 25 Block-

berry urge size. 25 St. Regis Re Raspberry. 1 year.

Get my big Catalog. it‘s Free. I sell on y treesI

grow. D. G. BANKER. DANSVILLE. N. Y.

ARK’S FLORAL GUIDE—all about Flowers. 3

Suprise Mixed Flower Seed Pkg.. 1000 sorts. 3

10¢ Seed Coupon, and copy Park's Floral Magazine

The oldest and most popular Floral Mnguzino inthe world,

all for stamp. Don't miss it. Geo. W. Park, LnPark. Pa.





FOR SALE‘S’fflL‘i‘ie?‘t’3“2ei§35’°i§a£§





LUCY O'HARROW, Clarksville. Michigan.





 





 





 





' Get your fall-boating strawberr plants

ML Frmlmallmf the man ettin berries. The N‘rnncis

has no equal. 750 per donngi per 0), out paid. Tindall

the Fall-bearing strawberry man. oyne City. Mich.





 





11—387





(15





This year wheat is higher but Canadian land just as

cheap. so the opportunity is more attractive than ever. Canada

wants you to help to feed the world by tilling some of her

soil—land similar to that which during many years has

averaged 20 to 45 bushels of wheat to the acre. Think

what you can make with wheat around $1 a bushel

and land so easy to get. Wonderful yields also of Date.

Barley and Flax. Mixed farming is fully as profitable

an industry as grain growing.



The Government this year ismsking farmers to put increased acreage



into grain. Military service is not compulsory in Canada but there is a

great demand for farm labor to replace the many young men who have



volunteered for service. The climate is healthful and agreeable,

railway facilities excellent, good schools and churches conven-

Write for literature and particulars as to reduced railway

rates to Superintendent lmnngration, Ottawa, Canada, or to





M. V. McINNES,





176 Jefferson Ave., Detroit,Mich.‘





Canadian Government Agent. j





-LIME‘





Pulverlned lime rock for "sour" soils. Write for

LOW PRICES DIRECT TO YOU and we will send sam-

ple and full particulars. Write to office nearest you





LAKE SHORE STONE CO.,

Muskegon, Mich, and Benton Harbor, Mich.





LIMESTONE





For General Farm Uoo.

Finely pulverized. made from highest. high calcium

stone. Quick shipments in closed oars. Let us send

sample and price.





Northern Limo 00.. Petookoy. Mich.





-—-You should get. the highest grade

of limestone manufactured. Buy

it. upon the basis of analysis. We

manufacture the highest grade pul-





vorized limestone sold in ichignn.





Lei; us prove it. Ask for sample and nnalysrs.

CAMPBELL STONE 00.. Indian Rlvor. Mloh.





PULVERIZED LIMESTONE





For HIGH GRADE MATERIAL and PROMPT

SERVICE place your orders with

D. 0. MARKLEY.

862 Division Ave. South. Grand Rapids. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





LILLIE'S SPECIAL BRANDS





BUFFALO FERTILIZER





Made from best. material. Always reliable.

Lime. Potash. Acid Phosphate. Nitrate of Soda.

Agents wanted in unoccupied territory, Ship di-

rect to farmers in carlots. Fertilizer questions

answered and farm soil surveys made on request.





Colon C. Lillie, Sales Agi.. Coopersville. Mich.

,1





SURE C' 'RE FOR



R IDE in ours. Guaranteed. SMUT

Simple to treat. Sent



direct on trial where we have no agents. Free Booklet.





#53:. Sporicide Chemical CO.,AT§§¥T"





PURE FIELD SEEDS





Clover, Timothy. Alslke. Alfalfa and all kinds of

Pure Field Seeds direct from producer to consumer.

Free from noxious weeds. ASK FOR SAMPLES.

A. C. HOYT & 00.. Box M, Fostorin. Ohio





 





 





 





 





 





Our Trees and Vines Grow‘fi}°‘::‘§§,§§‘°°gz

Apple, Peach, Pear. Plums. Vines, etc. Catalog fr".

W. A. ALLEN &SONS. Geneva. 0.





SEED.— vn d .



SWEET



GLOVE R Box 129. Falmouth. Kentucky:



8 E E D c o R N—BES’I‘ VARIETIEB



YOUNG-RANDOLPH SEED coilidiv‘gs? METRXE.

. ——Wh l I i'



Garden seeds peroozejmfoer egggingfeiggdi?





etc. Write frCtl t-

day. ALLEN'S SEED HOUSE. Dsk. M.°ee:e33?i)h?o





N,,..,E'::‘ff,m SEED POTATOES





CATALOGUE SENT ON REQUEST

NORTHERN SEED COMPANY





 





 





 





 





 





Th 0.3 '1 I '

as...” " n The White Basket

4 Thai. secures hi host

uricos for your ruit.

rite for 19.5 catalog

showing our completelino





and crates at. WINTER

DISCOUNTS





The Berlin Fruit Box Co.

lerlln IIIIghII, Ohlo.





 





Box 26 :-: :-: Grand Rapids. Michigan.





MEDIUM BED OLOVEH SEEO





 





and secure your baskets IMpurity.g%gorminntion. $9.25perbu.ba alnoludod.





DAD





Oats, Barley. Potatoes. Alfal-

390 or" fa; 1200 acres. . Catalog free.

W. II. SO‘BFF. III Clrllslo. Ohio





UN BROS.. Whitewater. lac.





 





 





 

 

 

 

 





comb Foundations, Smokers, etc.





7 Send, for ‘catalog A. Thorough-

‘ bred Italian bees and queens.

Ask for catalog B.





and withol ray

°"“ mullahs???





withnomeof





 





BEE IIIVES. SECTIONS, BERRY BASKETS AND





M. H. HUNT GI SON. Box 525. LANSING. MIOH.





'lflDKFURTHENAME"





ON SPRAY PUMPS

For Spraying. Painting and Disinfecting.

I! you grow fruit or vegetables. raise poultry or care for stock. you can‘t





em dieinfeen'ng, and dead-peed for spraying trees.

Writeiodoyf 1.: Carol a... ‘ll leoolM

- °' cm °' WW“ sham“





 





IO QUART CRATES.

Both wood and paper baskets.

200 waxlined paper baskets post-

aid in list. and 2nd zones fox-81.

sk for catalog 0.





 





YERS

V1





toSprsyAPofllll'lilvdlflm





You might us! as well he

Bucket. lime! or Pow‘e’:—.$frdimn:

pdulyoucandependonorafully

. that inhandy to useaboui buildingo' '





ourdeoler.

r. a. areas .a BRO.“ on". u. nurauo. omo

.. , AMILAND '0 I All! IIA root. WOIII
_ 386--12





. THE MICHIGAN FAR‘MER





MARCH 27, 1915. ;





 





The Michigan Farmer





Established 1843. Copyright 1914.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.





39 to 45 Congress St. West. Detroit. Michigan

TELEPHONE MAIN 4525.





NEW YORK OFFICE—41 Park Row.



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E, H. HOUGHTON .................................... Sec.-Treas,





I. K‘WATERBURY» .



BURT WERMU'I'H-u Assoicate

F. A. WILKEN ......... Editors

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL ........................





E, H. HOUGHTON .......................... Business Manuel

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:





 





   





 





 





 





 





 





One year. 5215911“ .......................................... 50 cents

Two years, 104 issues"........................................ 1,00

Three years. 156 issues ....................................... $1.25

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All sent postpaid.

Canadian subscriptions 50¢ a year extra for postage.





 





RATES OF ADVERTISING:





“Items per line agate type measurement. or $5.60 per

inch (14 agate lines per inch per insertion. No adv't In

uerted for less than 81.20 each insertion. No objection-

sble advertisements inserted at any price.





Mem Standard Form P Association and Audit

Bureau of ' ulation.





Entered as second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

gonofiicc. -,





DETROIT, MARCH 27, 1915.





 





 





 





 





 





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





A bill just passed by

the Legislature and ap-

proved by the Governor

. amends the State Live

Stock Sanitary Commission law and

adds four new sections thereto relat-

ing to the control of hog cholera.

Briefly, the amended section provides

for the appointment by the board of

supervisors of some resident of eacn

county to be known as the “Live stock

sanitary agent” for such county. As

it will be the duty of this special

agent to co-operate with the state live

stock sanitary commission, that body

is given power to- nominate a list of

not less than three men for this posi-

tion in each county, the appointment

to be made from this list. This coun~

ty agent will hold office until the ap-

pointment of his successor and is vest-

ed with the necessary power to carry

out the provisions of the act under

the direction of the state live stock

sanitary commission. A per diem

of not less- than $3.00 per day for time

actually spent in the performance of

official duties, together with all neces-

sary traveling expenses incurred in

connection therewith is prescribed by

the law, same to be paid from county

funds. By a provision of this section,

in any counties having a county agri-

cultural agent this official shall per-

form the duties of live stock sanitary

agent without additional compensa-

tion. The law makes it the duty of

this agent to notify the state live

stock sanitary commission immediate~

ly in case of an outbreak of hog cholé

era in his county. The agent shall

also file a duplicate report with the

state live stock sanitary commission

and the county board of supervisors,

giving in detail all matters connected

with his work for, the preceding year.





New section 29 bf the law provides

for the regulation of the use of hog

cholera. .serum, making it unlawful to

use any; such serum except that made

by the state experiment station, agri-

cultural college or some serum manu-

facturing plant licensed by the United

States Bureau of Animal Industry.

Such serum can be administered by

any competent person authorized by

the state live stock sanitary commis-

sion, but the use of hog cholera virus

is prohibited except when used under

the direction of the state veterinarian

or a regular qualified veterinarian au-

thorized by the state live stock sani-

tary commission or state veterinarian.

The expense of purchasing and using

serum or virus is to be borne by the

owner of the infected animals.



Section 30 provides that .in oase'of

an outbreak of hog cholera in any

county, the state live stock sanitary

commisslom'or the“ county agent my





Hog Cholera

Legislation.





 





remove any infected or exposed herd

or'herds by loading them in a. tight

bottom rack, conveying them to the

nearest railroad station and shipping

to some abattoir where inspection is

maintained, there to be slaughtered

and disposed of as determined by the

inspecting authorities. The funds real-

ized from such disposal revert to the

owner or owners of the herds and

freight, charges on such shipments .are

borne by the state. Further provision

prevents the mingling of such exposed

animals with other live stock, and pro-

hibits their entrance into any loading

yards maintained for shipment of live

stock at the loading Station.





Section 31 provides that in case





such shipment is not deemed expedi;





ent, then all infected or exposed hogs

shall be subject to the provisions of

the act relative to the powers and dut-

ies of the state live stock sanitary

commission in connection with other

infectious diseases of live stock.





Section 32 is perhaps the most im-

portant of all, in that it provides for

adequate disinfection. This section

makes it the duty of owners of intact

ed premises to thoroughly clean all

pens and enclosures in which hogs

have been kept and place same in

proper condition for disinfection by

the aforementioned authorities, after

which it shall be the duty of the state

live stock sanitary commission or the

county agent to thoroughly disinfect

the premises at state expense.



While this is perhaps not an ideal

law, it is in line with modern thought

upon this important question ofthe

control and eradication of hog cholera

and should enlist the attention, inter-

est and cooperation of the hog own-

ers of Michigan to that end.





The trend of the po-

tato market contin—

ues to hold interest

for the considerable

percentage 'of potato growers who still

have stock in hand. A number of

these have asked us to comment on

the situation and advise with regard

to the future disposition of the crop.

It is, of course, entirely impossible to

make anything like an accurate pre‘

diction with regard to the probable

future trend of the spring market. The

market itself is an index of what the

dealers who make a specialty of that

line think of the near future as well

as. the present condition of supply and

demand. Present prices are not at-

tractive, and would seem to offer no

inducement for the grower who has

held to some of his crop until this

time to move them now. There is lit-

tle possibility of the market getting

worse. There is a chance that toward

the end of the marketing season for

old stock it may do much better, but

this is a chance and not a certainty.

It is possible that those who wait for

that time may be disappointed.



But there is one factor in the prob-

lem which should be taken into con-

sideration by every farmer at the

present time, and that is the selection

of the best available seed for this

year’s planting. If the variety grown

last year did not produce well and po‘

tatoes of a good type, then it would

be the part of wisdom to discard them

and secure seed of a better variety at

this time when same can be purchased

at a low cost. In that event the dis-

position of the crop, or that portiou

of it still in hand, will have to be

made in the open market in accord-

ance with the judgment of the grower.

But if the potatoes still inhand are

good stock of a good variety, there

would. seem to be no reason why as

much or more could not be secured-“fol?

them for seed purposes as the market

will afford. even at considerably im-

proved pricea, and it would be worth

while to solicit this sort of patronage

admire runners at the neighbor-Mi,



Also, in""pi¢iihg4 out"""'tbe' seed roe

home planting, it will pay to exercise

greater care than in mom when-w





The Potato Sit-

uation.





tatoes' are higher in price than is the ‘





case at present. ’Two comparatively

new and damaging potato diseases

have been found to be very common

in Michigan, although not generally

recognizedby potato growers. One of

these is called Fusarium Wilt. In the

seed potato this disease is indicated

by a dark ring in the meat of the po-

tato, which is very apparent when a.

thin slice is cut from the stem end:

The presence of this disease is some-

times indicated by the tapering shape

of the stem end of the potato, which

is also a symptom of degeneracy of

the variety, consequently in selecting

potatoes for planting, this shape

should be avoided, and where the po-

tatoes are cut for seed careful watch

should be kept for this symptom of

what is perhaps the most serious po-

tato trouble to be commonly found in

Michigan fields, from the standpoint

of decreased yields.



Another quite common and more

easily distinguished disease is rhizo‘c-

tonia. This is also a common fungous

disease, which forms many hard, dark

specks which are really colonies of

germs on the outer surface of the po-

tato. These germs grow with the po-

tato when planted and the disease at-

tacks the new tubersfi‘as they set, thus

reducing the yield greatly.



Then there is the common potato

scab, which should preferably be

avoided in the selection of seed even

where treated. If potato growers in

Michigan generally selected seed

stock of the best varieties, and if they

are careful in the matter of selection

to avoid these diseases, if the seed is

treated for scab an] proper cultural

methods are followed, the low market





' for the season’s crop may be a bless-





ing in disguise.





State Dairy and

F o o d Commis-

sioner Helme is

authority for the

statement that creamery promoters

are now especially active in Michigan.

The method by which it is stated that

these operations are being carried on

is to form a stock company in some

section where there may not be sum-

cient cows to operate a creamer-y, of-

ten donating stock to influential par-

ties to get the proposition started, and

after the stock subscription has been

completed, a cheap outfit is bought





Organize (So-opera-

tive Creameriec.





and turned over to the new company,





at a figure which leaves a very sub;

stantial profit for the promoter. The

commissioner states that in the north-

ern part of the lower peninsula a

creamery was recently promoted for

which the farmers paid $4,500 but

which expert creamerymen claim could

be duplicated for less than $2,000. The

same promoters are said to be now

operating in the upper peninsula.





A better plan where the farmers of

any community desire to promote the

growth of the dairy business is to or.

ganize a. creamery on a cooperative

basis. The state stands ready to aid

the farmers of any locality to this end

through the Dairy and Food Depart‘

ment, which is charged under the law

with the duty of fostering the dairy

industry. Expert advice as to the ad‘

vicability of organizing a cooperative

creamery in any community can be

had from experienced men on the com-

mission force for the asking, as well as

upon the quantity and kind of equip-

ent required. It is far better to seek

advice from an official source than to

accept the statements of a smooth

salesman who has a. pecuniary inter»

est in the sale of equipment rather

than in the ultimate success of the

venture. . -





 





“wry-cm» of fertilizer. Our brands

are soluble and active. and not only

increase yield, but improve quality

and hasten. maturity. Agents wanted.

Address American Agricultural Chem-

ical 00., Cleveland, Cincinnati, Den-oft

or Bathrooms—Adv. __ _.





 





pic, 1.,





HAPPENINGS OF. TH E W EEK.





Foreign.

The European Wan—The positions

of the armiesin both the eastern and





 





western theaters of war have changed?





but little during the past week. Fol-

lowing the capture of Neuve Chapelle

by the British troops a fortnight ago

there have been several attempts to

retake the ground lost by the Germans

and also to gain further positions by

the Allied forces, but neither seems to





have met with any degree of success,.





0n the eastern war front the Russians

report the capture of Memel, a Ger-





man seaport on the Baltic Sea in East





Prussia. Further advances have been





made in this section by the Russians-





To the south, however, no changes of

importance are noted. In the Car-

pathian district losses have resulted

to both sides but former lines remain

intact. In the effort to force the pas~

sage of the Dardanelles by the Allied

fleets of Great Britain and France sev-

eral vessels have already been lost.

Regarding the condition of some of

the ships reports are conflicting. At

least six of the larger boats are tem-

porarily out of commission, some hav-

ing been sunk. On the other hand, a

few of the important ports have al-

ready been reduced and many of the

large guns upon which the Turks are

relying for their defense are already

badly worn. The Allied forcesare ad‘

ding new ships to take the place of

those out of commission, and seem de-

termined to continue the campaign

until a passage is forced. Late last

week the Russian Black Sea fleet was

reported near the entrance of the Bos-

phorous. . _



While on several occasions since

hostilities began last August, it ap-

peared that Italy was about to enter

the great European War, indications

at the present time lead to the belief

that that country will soon be partici-

pating in the conflict. Communica-

tions with Austria have been suspend-

ed and Germans are leaving her terri-

tory. She has called upon Spain to

act in her behalf regarding matters

concerning Austria, Germany and Tur-

key. Her army is practically mobiliz-

ed and it is said that her fleet is al-

ready moving under sealed orders.



The Mexican situation is unchang-

ed. So confused have been reports

that it is didlcult to know the status

of affairs in any part of the country.

It seems, however, that the inhabit-

ants of Mexico City are in dire need

of food and that under present cir-

cumstances it will be difficult to pro-

vide the necessary provisions. For-

eigners are leaving the country as

rapidly as they can secure transporta-

tion. In Yucatan the conflict is pre-

venting the exportation of sisal hemp.

which is used in the United States far

the manufacture of binder twine. Ful-

ly 90 per cent of the twine used here

being made of this material. If these

exports continue to be interrupted.

there is likely to be a shortage of

twine for the coming bar-vat.



The food factor is playing an im-

portant part in the European war.

Dieting clubs are being fanned in Ger~

many and people are urged to use less

meat and more milk, and to discontin-

ue the second breakfast so commonly

enjoyed by the German people. In

England prices are. going down be-

cause of confidence that the Germany

sub-marine blockade will not work.

Lord Kitchener has urged restriction

in the use of liquor, especially near

camps, and fashionable night clubs,

which are said to be ruining young

officers are being raided. -



Arrangement has been made

through Stockholm, by Russia and

Germany for the exchange of 200,000

war prisoners.



Statistics on the foreign trade of

France indicate a revival of trade for

that country.



German Zeppelins attacked Paris

Sunday _mornlng. Some damage re-

sulted from bombs dropped from the

airshlps. '



National.



Without fighting, General Scott, of

the United States army has succeeded

in capturing the Piute Indians who

recently resisted arrest in Utah. The

Indians are now on their way to Salt

Lake City. -



Food and clothing to the value of

$150,000 is being sent to Palestine by

American Jews for the relief of the

needy of the Holy .



The total appropriations made by

the sixty—third Congress amount to

322310000005 which is $113,000,000

greater than the total of the sixty-sec-

ond Congress. .



The United States will probably

raise no further objection to the An-

glo—Frcnch blockade of Germany. The

blockade is to be confined to Euro-

pean .vwaters, including the Mediter-





ranean. _ . . , , - - .

..‘Flre which for atlme threatened

the-entire; business district of. Chm

mat 35001:)!"- dectroyed’ property valued

Mount Lassen of northern Califor-

agaln in Won. .





 





 





l

I.

I
_._..‘.-





 





 





 





 





LITERATURE





   





77w FARM BOY





‘ POETRY an? GIRL

HISTORY an? SCIENTIFIC an?

INFORMATION . MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





 





xx .7





 





 





This Magazine Section formsapart of our paper every week. Every article is writtten especialiy for it, and does not appear elsewhere.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Copyright. by Underwood & Under-mun], N. Y.





Ancestral Home of Prussia’s Royal Family. Younger Children of Belgium's King. Harbor of Smyrna Bombarded by Allied Fleet.





 





 





 





 





 





German Submarine U-8 which was Sent to the Bottom on March 4.





 





   





C0 ri ht b Underwnd & Underw: d, N Y.

py g y H W (‘upyl'iglll by Prudent-um A Undorwood.N.Y.





Constantinople as Seen from Galata on Opposite Bank of the Bosphorus. Prinz Eitel Friedrich, German Sea Raider, at Newport News, Va.





 





Copyright by Underwood & Underwood N. Y.

Children Of men at Front Being Fed by Organizations of Berlin. Champion Breadmakers and Corn Growers of West Visit New York City.
390—14





THE TMICHIGAN F,ARME.R





A Study of (Io-operation in Russia.





By Wm. B. Hatch, Michigan Member of American Commission.





We visited a country Zemstov bank

at Volschansk. It occupied three rath<

.er small rooms in the basement of a

fireproof building. A small safe suffi-

ciently large for keeping the funds se-

curely, a simple set of books and a

considerable volume of business seem-

ed unobtrusively in evidence. A gen-

eral supply station was maintained

where all kinds of agricultural needs

were carried on a strictly business

basis but at a lower price to the farm-

er than is found where such organiza-

tion is not found. Sewing machines,

for example, were selling for half the

price prevailing in America. This co-

operative organization had cut the

price in two. And it should be re«

membered that one of the largest Am-

erican companies has a factory in

Russia. employing ten thousand peo-

ple, so the tariff is not a legitimate

item in the cost price of its machines

in Russia.



The Zemstov organizations do a

large educational work. Public edu-

cation as now being carried out con-

templates a better rural school than

obtains in the rural districts in many

sections of our country. It comprises

two rooms and quarters for the teach-

crs. If the district is too sparsely pop-

ulated to justify such a school, the

children of that district are educated

at public expense in the nearest dis-

trict having adequate facilities.‘ This

publicly owned telephones every morn-

and tuition. In the health department

of the county you can see a map

showing just how many cases of any

contagious or infectious disease there

are in each subdivision of the county

every day—the data coming in over

publicly owned telechones every morn-

ing. And the Zemstov organization

encourages the breeding of better cat-

tle by the purchase and lease of pure-

bred sires where peasants cannot buy.



The state banks are doing another

great service to agriculture and the

country by the establishing of eleva-

tors and warehouses. To these ele-

vators farmers may bring their pro-

ducts, such as rye, wheat, oats, etc.,

place the same in storage, where it is

insured for the producer who receives

a written warehouse receipt. On these

receipts the state bank will loan up

to 60 per cent of the current market

value of the products stored. At the

time of our visit about forty of these

warehouses had been constructed and

it was anticipated that within two

years 200 would be in active use. The

value of this in times of peace is to

permit the producer to sell on the

best market and not be compelled to

turn his season’s earnings over to

speculators. The nation’s balance,

moreover, is thereby kept on the right

side of the ledger. And in times of

war—well, the food problem for the

army is a serious question for all the

countries except Russia. It can requi-

sition the food of its own people in

their own elevators, and the price,

however high, goes to the Russian

people who produced the food.



Russia is dividing into smaller hold-

ings its large estates and scattering

the group-community of old into aSys-

tem of individual farms owned and

occupied by individual farmers. Yet,

of course, such a process takes time.

We visited a farm in southern Russia

comprising 45,000 acres.



Four hundred and fifty cows, 1,200

oxen, a chemical laboratory where are

produced the serums for preventing

and detecting disease in farm ani-

mals; a brick factory with a million a

year capacity; a sugar beet factory

with an annual output of 100,000 tons;

a narrow guage railroad for carrying

fertilizer and supplies from one part

of the farm to another; a hospital and

a surgeon at $6,000 a year; a school

providing four years’ elementary and

two years’ high school; a club and a





theatre, a church and a pastor ;‘ 1,500 '





peasants continually employed, and





7,000 on the pay roll during the busy





Sugar beet season, briefly touches the

high places.





The beet sugar industry is an ex-

tensive one in Russia and they were

then watching with keen interest to

see if sugar went on the free list in

America. We had a “blow out” ad-

joining a large sugar beet field. While

the tire was being repaired we inter-

viewed, through an interpreter, some

of the women beet growers—for the

women do most of this work. Moth-

ers bring their babies and leave them

in a crude shelter with older children

while they are at work. -We learned

that these women were getting 17%

cents a day and they boarded them-

selves. And yet they were the picture





of health and seemed happy. But Am-

erica must needs take notice of such

economies as are involved here, es-

pecially. when coupled with the

wealth-conservation principles repre‘

sented in co-operative organization.

Here is our chief competitor in the

world’s food supply.



A Russian official speaking of the

organization of agricultural co-opera-

tive societies, said: “The Russian

legislation of recent years is visibly

tending to favor their development in

every way, especially in the hope that

these co-operative societies may -be-

come important factors in the export

trade in cereals and other agriculture

produce.”



A nation as an individual becomes

prosperous in proportiOn as it sells

more than it buys, and in proportion

as it does this it becomes and contin-

ues our competitor. Can we afford to

tolerate any inferior economic organi-

zation of agriculture?





 





gflfllllllllflllllllllllllllillllllllllIIlllllfllllllllllllllldlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllmllllllmllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllél

g BY HAROLD BINDLOSS. g”—

I: Copyrighted by Frederick A. Stoke: Company. 2

gillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllll|llIlIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlll|lllllllllIIllllllllllllllllllllhE





The girl could not. analyze her feel-

ings, but through them all a vague re-

lief was uppermost, for whatever he

had been it was evident the man had

done one wrong only, and daringly,

and that was a good deal easier to for-

give than several incidents in Court-

horne's past would have been. Then

she was conscious that Miss Barring-

ton’s eyes were upon her.



“Aunt,” she said. with a little tre-

mor in her voice, “it is almost bewil-

dering. Still, one seemed to feel that

what that man has done could never

have been the work of Lance Court-

borne.”



Miss Barrington made no answer,

but her face was very grave, and just

then those nearest it drew back a lit-

tle from the door. A trooper stood

outside, his carbine glinting in the

light, and another was silhouetted

against the sky, sitting motionless in

his saddle further back on the prairie.



“The police are still here,” said

samebody.



One by one they passed out under

the trooper’s gaze, but there was the

usual delay in harnessing and sad-

dling, and the first vehicle had scarce-

ly rolled away, when again the beat of

boots and the jingle of steel came por-

tentously out of the silence. Maud

Barrington shivered a little as she

heard it.



In the meanwhile, the few who re-

mained had seated themselves about

Colonel Barrington. When there was

quietness again, he glanced at Win-

ston, who still sat at the foot of the

table.



“Have you anything more to tell

us?” he asked. “These gentlemen

are here to advise me if necessary."



“Yes,” said Winston quietly. “I

shall probably leave Silverdale before

morning and have now to hand you a

statement of my agreement with Cour-

thorne and the result of my farming

here, drawn up by a Winnipeg ac-

countant. Here is also a document in

which I have taken the liberty of mak-

ing you and Dane my assigns. You

will, as authorized by it, pay to Cour-

throne the sum due to him, and with

your consent, which you have power

to withhold, I purpose taking one

thousand dollars only of the balance

that remains to me. I have it here

now, and in the meanwhile surrender

it to you. Of the rest, you will make

whatever use that appears desirable

for the general benefit of Silverdale.

Courthorne has absolutely no claim

upon it.”



He laid a wallet on the table, and

Dane glanced at Colonel Barrington,

who nodded when he returned it un-

opened.



"We Will pass it without counting.





You accept the charge, sir?" he said.

“Yes,” said Barrington. “It seems

it is forced on me. Well, we will

glance through the statement.”

- For at least ten minutes nobody

spoke, and then Dane said: “There

are prairie farmers who would consid-

er what he is leaving behind him a

competence."



“If this agreement, which was ap-

parently verbal, is confirmed by Cour-

thorne, the entire sum rightfully be-

longs to the man he made his tenant,”

said Barrington, and Macdonald smil-

ed gravely as he glanced at Winston.



“I think we can accept the state-

ment that it was made, without ques-

tion, sir,” he said.



Winston shook his head. “I claim

one thousand dollars as the fee of my

services, and they should be worth

that much, but I will take no more.”





“Are we not progressing a little too





rapidly, sir?” said Dane. “It seems

to me we have yet to decide whether

it is necessary that the man who has

done so much for us should leave Sil-

verdale.”



W'inston smiled a trifle grimly. “I

think,” he said, “that question will

very shortly be answered for you.”



Macdonald held his hand up, and a.

rapid thud of hoofs became audible

through the silence.



“Troopers! They are coming here,"

he said.



“Yes,” said Winston. “I fancy they

will relieve you from any further

difliculty.”



Dane strode to one of the windows,

and glanced at Colonel Barrington as

he pulled back the catch. Winston,

however, shook his head, and a little

flush crept into Dane’s bronzed face.



“Sorry. Of course you are right,”

he said. “It will be better that they

should acquit you.”



No one moved for a few more min—

utes, and then with a trooper behind

him Sergeant Stimson came in, and

laid his hand on Winston’s shoulder.



“I have a warrant for your appre.

hension, Farmer Winston,’ he said.

"You probably know the charge

against you?”



“Yes,” said Winston. "I hope to re-

fute it. I will come with you.”



He went out, and Barrington stared

at the men about him. “I did not

catch the name before. That was the

man who shot the police trooper in

Alberta?” ,



“No, .sir,” said Dane, very quietly.

“Nothing would induce me to believe

it of him!”





Barrington looked at him in bewil-i





derment. “But he must home done?-

unless,” he sa:,id and ended with a lit-

tle gaép “Good Lord! ‘





There was:

the faint resemblance, and they chang-





 





MARC, H 27. 1915.





ed horses—it is horrible.”



Dana’s eyes were very compassion

ate as he laid his hand gently on his

leader’s shoulder.



“Sir,” he said, “you have our sym-

pathy, and I am sorry that to offer it

is all we can do. Now, I think we

have stayed too long already.”



They went out, and left Colonel Bar-

rington sitting alone with a gray face

at the head of the table.



It was a minute or two later when

Winston swung himself into the sadr

die at the door of the Grange. All the

vehicles had not left as yet, and there

was a little murmur of sympathy when

the troopers closed in about him. Still,

before they rode away one of the men

wheeled his horse aside, and Winston

saw Maud Barrington standing bare-

headed by his stirrup. The moonlight

showed that her face was impassive

but curiously pale.



“We could not let you go Without a

word, and you will come back to us

with your innocence made clear,” she

said. .



Her voice had a little ring in it

that carried far, and her companions

heard her. What Winston said they

could not hear, and he did not remem-

ber it, but he swung his hat off, and

those who saw the girl at his stirrup

recognized with confusion that she

alone proclaimed her faith, while they

had stood aside from him. Then the

Sergeant raised his hand and the

troopers rode forward with their pris-

oner. .



In the meanwhile Courthorne was

pressing south for the American fron-

tier, and daylight was just creeping

across the prairie when the pursuers,

who had found his trail and the ranch

he obtained a fresh horse at, had sight

of him. There were three of them,

riding wearily, grimed with dust, when

a lonely mounted figure showed of a

moment on the crest of a rise. In an-

other minute it dipped into a hollow,

and Corporal Payne smiled grimly.



“I think we have him now. The

creek can’t be far away, and he’s west

of the bridge,” he said. “While we

try to head him off you’ll follow be-

hind him, Hilton.”



One trooper sent the spurs in, and,

while the others swung off, rode

straight on. Courthorne was at least





a mile from them, but they were near-





er the bridge, and Payne surmised

that his jaded horse would fail him if

he essayed to ford the creek and

climb the farther side of the deep ra-

vine it flowed through. They saw noth-

ing of him when they swept across the

rise, for here and there a grove of wil-

lows stretched out across the prairie

from the sinuous band of trees in

front of them. These marked the riv~

er hollow, and Payne, knowing that

the chase might be ended in a few

more minutes, did not spare the spur.

He also remembered, as be tightened

his grip on the bridle, the white face

of Trooper Shannon flecked with the

drifting snow.



The bluff that rose steadily higher

came back to them, willow and strag-

gling birch flashed by, and at last

Payne drew bridle where a rutted

trail wound down between the trees

to the bridge in the hollow. A swift

glance showed him that a mounted

man could scarcely make his way be-

tween them, and he smiled dryly as he

signed to his companion.



“Back your horse clear of the trail,’

he said and there was a. rattle as he

flung his carbine across the saddle.

“With Hilton behind him, he’ll ride

straight into our hands.”



He wheeled his horse in among the

birches, and then sat still, with fingers

that quivered a little on the carbine-

stock, until a faint drumming rose

from the prairie.



' “He’s coming!” said the trooper.

“Hilton’ 3 hanging on to him.”

Payne made no answer, and the





sound that rang more loudly every





moment thrOugh the grayness of the





yearly daylight was not pIeaSant to

hear.





.;.Man’s vitality is near its lew-

(Continued on page 392). ‘
MARCH 27, 1915.





4.3

E

g

%





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





'1' llllllllilllllil|IHIIIIllllllllHIIIIIIlllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllIll|||Ilill|lllll||IlllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillIlllllllillllIlllllllll|lllllllllilllilllll|||lllil||IIIIIllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllE





Land O’ Nod Stories.





By HOWARD T. KNAPP.

r711 llillllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllIllllllliIlllllllllllllllllilllllillllllllll|l||l|lllllIIlll|IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llllIllllllllllllllllllllliilllllllTr-





“”1IllllllllllllllllHlllllllllIllilIllli





Billy Suffers for His Carelessness.





new pair of hockey skates, but



there was only about twenty

cents in his .hank, and of course that

was not nearly enough. Now, Billy

had set his heart on those skates, and

he made up his mind he would earn

the money to buy them, or know the

reason why. But although he put on

his thinking cap and thought and

thought until his head ached, he could

not figure out any way of earning the

money.



Then one day while he was playing

out in the barn he found an old rat

trap, and that gave him a bright idea,

he would become a trapper and catch

Sly old Sharpnose the Mink, for he re-

merbered Tinker Teedle Tee, the

merry little elf, had told him the furry

coat of Mr. Mink was worth at least

five dollars, and five dollars, you

know, is more. than enough to buy the

finest pair of skates a fellow could

wish.



So, bright and early the next morn-

ing Billy Be Bo By Bum started out

for the White Forest, the trap over

his shoulder, and in his pocket the

head of a chicken for bait. For near-

ly a mile he trudged through the big

woods, scanning the snow for tracks

of the Little People, but nary a track

did he see. And then, as he reached





BILLY BE BO BY BUM wanted a





the bank of the Dried-up Creek, he





spied the double row of neat little

footmarks that Tinker Teedle Tee had

told him were made by Sharpnose the

Mink. This discovery caused Billy to

forget his long tramp and renewed

his hope of getting money to buy the

skates.



Billy followed the tracks until he

came to a hollow log, and here he de-

cided to set his trap. So he placed

the chicken head inside and put the

trap in the opening, right where Mr.

Mink would have to step in it to reach

the bait. But the trap was in plain

sight, and Billy knew Sharpnose

would never come near the trap if he

-so much as suspected there was a

trap anywhere around. So Billy

brushed some snow over the trap to

hide it, but he forgot that a trap is a

mighty dangerous thing, for he touch-

ed the trigger and snap, the cruel

jaws caught him by the hand and held

him fast.



Well, sir, you can just imagine how

that hurt, and although Billy was a

brave little fellow, he could not keep

the tears from his eyes. And the

worst of it was that, although he tug-

ged and pulled with all his might, he

could not get his hand free, the jaws

held him fast with the griprof a bull—

dog. Billy tried to press down the

spring, but it was too stiff for him to

bend with one hand.



“I’ll have to go home with the trap





on my hand and get Father to take it

off,” he said, but he could not even do

that, for he had fastened the chain to

the log with a big staple. Then he

was frightened, for he knew he would

have to stay in the woods until some-

one found him. So you could hardly

blame him for sitting down in the

snow and crying as though his heart

would break.



“Goodness me, Billy Boy, what is

the matter,” shouted a cheerly little

voice, and there on Billy’s knee stood

Tinker Teedle Tee.



“Oh, Tinker, I’m caught in a trap

I set to catch Sharpnose,” sobbed Bil—

ly. “I’ve tried and tried, but I can’t

get loose, and now I will have to stay

out here in the cold all night and

maybe Father will never find me.”



“Oh, it isn’t as bad as all that,” re-

plied Tinker. “I guess I can figure

out a way to set you free," and the

jolly old rascal nodded his head so

hard the weeny copper kettle that

served him for a hat bounced up and

down at a great rate.



“Have you tried to bend down the

spring?” asked Tinker after he had

looked the trap all over.



“It’s too stiff for me

one hand,” replied Billy.



“\Vell, then, have you tried to press

it down with your foot, by standing

on it?”



”I never thought of that,” replied

Billy, and without wasting any more

time he followed Tinker’s advice. 'As

soon as he stepped on the spring, the

jaws flew open and he was free.



“Oh, Tinker, you don’t know how

that hurt,” said Billy, feeling of his

fingers to make sure no bones were

broken.





to bend with





“Did it really hurt so much or were;





you just frightened ?”





“Of course, I was frightened, but iti





hurt worse than a toothache.”



“Then how do you suppose Sharp-

nose would have felt if those cruel

jaws had gripped his leg instead of

your hand?” asked the elf.



“Why l——I guess it would have hurt

him, too,” faltered Billy.



“It sure would,” declared Tinker.

“And then, when he found he could

not get free for all his struggling and

sank down exhausted in the snow, just

imagine how his little heart would

thump with fear and despair, for Mr.

Mink knows that when he gets caught

in a trap there is no hope for him. No

Father or big Brother will come out

to find him. He must stay there in

the snow until he dies of cold and

hunger, or the trapper comes and kills

him with a club.”



“I never thought of that,” replied

Billy. “And Tinker, I guess I won’t

set any more traps, now that I know

how it hurts.”





 





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(Continued from page 390).



est about that hour, and the troopers

had ridden furiously the long night

through, while one of them, who knew

Lance Courthorne, surmised that

there was grim work before him. Still,

though he shiVered as a little chilly

wind shook the birch twigs, he set his

lips, and once more remembered the

comrade who had ridden far and kept

many a lonely vigil with him.



Then a mounted man appeared in

the space between the trees. His

horse was jaded, and he rode loosely,

swaying once or twice in his saddle,

but he came straight on, and there

was a. jingle and rattle as the troop-

ers swung out into the trail. The man

saw them, for he glanced over his

shoulder, as if at the rider who ap-

peared behind, and then sent the spurs





in again.

“Pull him up," cried Corporal

Payne, and his voice was a little





strained, “Stop right where you are

before we fire on you!” ,



The man must have seen the car-

bines for he raised himself a trifle,

and Payne saw his face under the

flapping hat. It was drawn and gray,

but there was no sign of yielding or

consternation in the half-closed eyes.

Then he lurched in his saddle as from

exhaustion or weariness, and straight-

ened himself again with both hands

on the bridle. Payne saw his heels

move and the spurs drip red, and slid

his left hand further along the carbine

stock. The trail was steep and nar-

row. A horseman could scarcely turn

in it, and the stranger was coming on

at a gallop.



“He will have it,” said the trooper

hoarsely. “If he rides one of us down

he may get away.”



“We have got to stop him," said

Corporal Payne.



Once more the swaying man

straightened himself, flung has head

back, and with a little breathless

laugh drove his horse furiously at

Payne. He was very close now, and

his face showed livid under the smear-

ing dust, but his lips were drawn up

in a little bitter smile as he rode

straight upon the leveled carbines.

Payne, at least, understood it, and the

absence of flung-up hand or cry. Cour-

thorne’s inborn instincts were strong

to the end. , . ‘



There was a hoarse shout from the

trooper, and no answer, and a carbine

flashed. Then Courthorne loosed the

bridle, reeled sideways from the sad-

dle, rolled half round with one foot in

the stirrup and his head upon the

ground, and was left behind, While

the riderless horse and pursuer swept

past the two men, avoiding them by a

hairsbreadth, sat motionless a mo-

ment in the thin drifting smoke.



Then Corporal Payne swung himself

down, and while the trooper followed,

stooped over the man who lay, a limp

huddled object, in the trail. He blink-

ed up at them out of eyes that were

almost closed.



“I think you have done for me,” he





said.





Payne glanced at his comrade.

“Push on to the settlement,” he said.

“They’ve a doctor there. Bring him

and Harland the magistrate out.”





The trooper seemed glad to mount





and ride away, and Payne once more





bent over the wounded man.



“Very sorry,” he said. “Still, you

see, you left me no other means of

stopping you. Now, is there anything

I can do for you?”



A little wry smile crept into Cour-

thorne’s face. “Don’t worry,” he said.

“I had no wish to wait for the jury,

and you can’t get an injury that’s in-

side me.”



Hesaid nothing more, and it seem-

ed a very long while to Corporal

Payne, and Trooper Hilton who rejoin-

ed him, before a wagon with two men

in it beside the trooper camejolting

up the trail. They got out, and one

of them who was busy with Cour-





-his relaxing fingers,





MARCH 27, 1915.

thorne for some minutes nodded to

Payne.



“Any time in the next twelve hours.

He may last that long," he said. “No-

body’s going to worry him now, but

I’ll see if I can revive him a little

when we get ' him to Adamson’s. It

can’t be more than a league away.”



They lifted Courthorne, who appear-

ed insensible, into the wagon, and

Payne signed to Trooper Hilton.

“Take my horse, and tell Colonel Bar-

rington. Let him understand there’s

no time to lose. Then you can bring

Stimson.”



The tired lad hoisted himself into

his saddle, and groaned a little as he

rode away, but he did his errand, and

late that night Barrington and [Dane

drove up to a lonely homestead. A

man led them into a room where a

limp figure was lying on a bed.



“Been kind of sleeping most of the

day, but the doctor has given him

something that has awakened him,” he

said.



Barrington returned Payne’s greet-

ing, and sat down with Dane close be-

side him, while, when the wounded

man raised his head, the doctor spoke

softly to the magistrate from the set-

tlement a league or two away.



“I fancy he can talk to you, but you

had better be quick if you wish to ask

him anything,” he said.



Courthorne seemed to have heard

him, for he smiled a little as he

glanced at Barrington. “I’m afraid

it will hurt you to hear What I have

to tell this gentleman,” he said. “Now

I want you to listen carefully, and ev-

ery word put down. Doctor, 3. little

more brandy.



Barrington apparently would have

spoken, but, while the doctor held a

glass to the bloodless lips, the magis-

trate, who took up a. strip of paper,

signed to him.



“We’ll have it in due form. Give

him that book, doctor," he said. “Now,

repeat after me, and then we’ll take

your testimony.” '



It was done, and a flicker of irony

showed in Courthorne’s half-closed

eyes.



."You feel more sure of me after

that?” he said, in a voice that was

very faint and strained. “Still, you

see, I could gain nothing by deviating

from the truth now. Well, I shot

Trooper Shannon. You’ll have the

date in the warrant. Don’t know if it

will seem strange to you, but I forget

it. I borrowed farmer Winston’s

horse and rifle and without his knowl~

edge, though I had paid him a trifle

to impersonate me and draw the troop-

ers off the whisky-runners. That was

VVinston’s only complicity. The troops

ers, who fancied they were chasing

him, followed me until my horse which

I was riding went through the ice, but

Winston was in Montana at the time,

and did not know that I was alive

until a very little while ago. Now, you

can straighten that up and read it out

to me.”



The magistrate’s pen scratched .

noisily in the stillness of the room,

but, befOre he had finished, Sergeant

Stimson, hot and. dusty, came in.

Then he raised his hand, and for a

while his voice rose and fell mono-

tonously until Courthorne nodded.



“That’s all right,” he said.

sign.” '



The doctor raised him a trifle, and

moistened his lips with brandy as he

gave him the pen. It scratched for

a moment or two, and then fell from

while the man

who took the paper wrote across the

foot of it, and then would have hand—

ed it to Colonel Barrington, but that

Dane quietly laid his hand upon It.



“No," he said. “If you want anoth<

er witness take me.”



Barrington thanked him with a ges-

ture, and Courthorne, looking round

saw Stimson.



“You have been very patient, Ser-

geant, and it’s rough on you that the

one man you can lay your hands upon

is slipping away from you,” he said.

“You’ll see by my deposition that Win-





I‘I’ll
MAB... 3’6H 27, m",





stcn thought me as dead as the rest

of you did.” -



Stimson nodded to the magistrate.

“I heard what was read, and it is con-

,firmed by the facts I have picked up,”

he said. I '



Then Courthorne turned to Barring-





ton. “I sympathize with you, sir,” he

said. “That must be horribly morti~

fying, but, you see, Winston once





stopped my horse backing over a

bridge into a gully when just to'hold:

his hand would have rid him of me.

You will not grudge me the one good

turn I have probably done any man

when I shall assuredly not have the

chance of doing another.”



Harrington winced a little, for he

recognized the irony in the failing

voice, but he rose and moved towards

the bed. '



“Lance,” he said, a trifle hoarsely,

“it is not that which makes what has

happened horrible‘to me, but I am

only glad that you have righted this

man. Your father had many claims

on me, and things might have gone

differently if, when you came out to

Canada, I had done my duty by his

son.”



Courthorne smiled a little, but with-

out bitterness. “It would have made

no difierence, sir, and, after all, I led

the life that suited me. By and by

you will be grateful to me. I sent

you a man who will bring prosperity

to Silverdale.”



Then he turned to Stimson, and his

voice sank almost beyond hearing as

he said, “Sergeant, remember, \Vin-

ston fancied I was dead.”



He moved his head a trifle, and the

doctor stooping over him signed to

the rest, who went out except Bar-

rington.



It was some hours later, and very

cold, when Harrington came softly in-

to the room where Dane lay half-

asleep in a big chair. The latter

glanced at him with a question in his

eyes, and the Colonel nodded very

gravely. ‘



“Yes,” he said. “He has slipped out

of the troopers’ hands and beyond our

repmaches—but I think the last thing

he did will count for a little.”





 





CHAPTER XXVI.

Winston Rides Away.

HE first snow was driving across

the prairie before a bitter wind

when Maud Barrington stood by

a window of the Grange looking out

_ into the night. The double easements

rattled, the curtains behind her mov-

ed with the icy draughts, until, grow-

ing weary of watching the white flakes

whirl past, she drew them to and

walked slowly tOWards a mirror. Then

a faint tinge of pink crept into her

cheek, and a softness that became her

into her eyes. They, however, grewr

critical as she smoothed back a tress

of lustrous hair a trifle from her fore-

head, straightened the laces at neck

and wrist, and shook into more flow—

ing lines the long black dress. Maud

Barrington was not unduly vain, but

it was some time before she seemed

contented, and one would have sur-

mised that she desired to appear her

best that night.

i The result was beyond cavil in its

artistic simplicity, for the girl, know-

ing the significance that trifles have

at times, had laid aside every adorn-

ment that might hint at wealth, and

the somber draperies alone emphasiz-

ed the polished whiteness of her face

and neck. Still, and she did not know

whether she was pleased or otherwise

at this, the mirror had shown the

stamp which revealed itself even in

passive pose and poise of head. It

was her birthright, and would not be

disguised.



Then she drew a low chair towards

the stove, and once more the faint

color crept into her face as she took

up a note. It was laconic, and request-

ed permission to call at the Grange,

but Maud Barrington was not deceiv-

ed, and recognized the consideration

each word had ‘cost the man who

Wrote it. Afterwards she glanced at





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





her watch, raised it with a little ges-

ture of impatience to make sure it

had not. stopped. and sat still, listen-

ing to the moaning of the wind, until

the door opened and Miss Barrington

came in. She glanced at her niece,

who felt that her eyes notiCed each





detail of her somewhat unusual dress, - '

but said nothing until the younger _





woman turned to her.



“They would scarcely come tonight,

aunt,” she said.



Miss Barrington, listening a mo-

ment, heard the wind that whirled the





snow about the lonely building, but





smiled incredulously.



“I fancy you are wrong, and I wish

my brother were here,” she said. "We

could not refuse'Mr. W’inston permis-





sion to call, but whatever passes be— . ~





tween us will have more than its in—

dividual significance. Anything we

tacitly promise, the others will agree

to, and I feel the responsibility of de-

ciding for Silverdale.”





Miss Barrington went out; but her3





niece, who understood her smile and





that she had received a warning, sat'

still with a strained expression in her ’





eyes. The prosperity of Silverdale had

been dear to her, but she knew she

must let something that was dearer

still slip away from her, or, since they

must come from her, trample on her

pride as she made the first advances. It





seemed a very long while before there ‘





was a. knocking at the outer door, and

she rose with a little quiver when

light steps came up the stairway.





In the meanwhile two men stood be- ‘

side the stove in the hall until an ‘





English maid returned to the them.



“Colonel Barrington is away, but

Miss Barrington and Miss Maud are

at home,” she said. “Will you go for-

ward into the morning room when you

have taken off your furs?” ~



“Did you know Barrington was not

here ?” asked Winston, when the maid

moved away.



Dane appeared embarrassed.

fact is, I did.”



“Then,” said Winston dryly, “I am

a little astonished you did not think

fit to tell me.”



Dane’s face flushed, but he laid his

hand on his comrade’s arm. “No,” he

said, “I didn’t. Now, listen to me for

the last time, Winston. I’ve not been





“The





blind, you see, and, as I told you, your ,





comrades have decided that they wish





you to stay. Could you sink your con- .





founded pride, and take what is offer-

ed you?”





Winston shook his grasp off, and, ‘





there was weariness in his face. “You



need not go through it all again. I



made my decision a long while ago?

(To be continued).





A RAZOR SNAP.





 





A new lot of Imported German

Razors at 50 cents while the supply

lasts, is now offered by the Michigan

Farmer. -





The razors are made of the best

German steel, five-eighth inch blade,

and black handle. We will not say

just what these razors ordinarily re-

tail at, as prices on razors vary with

each dealer,vbut we have seen razors

no better sold at $1.25 and $1.50.





Every man who shaves ought to

have at least three razors as it is a

proven fact that giving a razor a rest

is beneficial to it, and here is your

opportunity to get a supply at very

little cost.



So, only while our present supply

lasts the price is 50 cents each, post-

paid, or a half-dozen at $2.00, post-

paid.



A Strop Bargain, Too.



We also have a new lot of Presto

All-In-One razor strops that dealers

sold at $1.00 each. These strops are

made of finest horsehide leather and

one Side is treated with All-in-One

solution which makes it possible to

put a hair-splitting edge on the, dull-





est razor. It combines the strop and

hone in one.

The specxal price. on the strap





alone, while the supply lasts. will b

50 cents, postpaid, but if ordered toe-

gether with one of the above raz‘ors

the price of both will be only 75 cents

gostpald, or $1.25dvéghf the Michigan

armor one year; . or hr

and $2.50 for five years. t ee years

This would make 8.

worth double the cost.





 





 





 





 





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THE MICHIGAN FAR-MER





MARCH 27, 1916:





As Seen by the





European (30- -0perative Agriculture Ammangommm,





N studying Russia it is more ap-



propriate to compare it with all of



our states than with one of them,

even though this one, our Michigan, is

the second largest east of the Missis-

sippi. Russia, including Poland, Cau»

casia and Finland, contains 2,355,619

square miles of territory and 142,-

585,400 people, while the United

States of North America has 3,622,933

square miles of territory and with her

outlying possessions (1910), 93,402,161

people. The conspicuous contrast be‘

tween the two countries lies in the

per cent of illiteracy; in the United

States it is 7.7 per cent while the

number of illiterate persons per 1,000

inhabitants in Russia at the last

available census was, males, 707, fe-

males, 869; average for both sexes

789. While rapid strides along edu-

cational lines has since been made

the disparagement between the two





By WM. B. HATCH, Michigan Member of the Commission.





co-operative credit societies are divid-

ed into two groups, those styled Loan

and Savings Banks and those styled

Credit Associations, the latter largely

of the Raiffeisen type. In 1910 there

were 4,000 Loan and Savings Banks

and 3,200 Mutual Credit Associations.

The average number of members in

the credit associations was between

450 and 500 and the total number of

members about 2,000,000.



(Bo-operative Societies for Production,



Purchase and Sale.



These societies have generally sub-

stituted for the purchase of shares at

the time of organization the payment

of small annual payments fixed each

year by the general meeting. Although

the majority of the associations in

terms of their rules, propose to “ar-

range for the purchase of everything





 





 





 





3





Russia is not Troubled with the “Race Suicide" Question.





countries is very marked. But in com-

paring Russian agricultural accomp-

lish111ents with ours should we not, in

justice to ourselves, ask “if Russia,

with all this handicap has accomp-

lished what she has have we done

anything like what we can and ought

to do?”



It is of interest to note that the re-

form in agricultural methods follow-

ed the peasants’ revolt and in Russia

771 out of every thousand are peas-

ants. The query for other countries

might well be, “is it wise to wait, un-

til there is an aggrarian revolution

before the great fundamental indus-

try is properly promoted?"



The increase in the expenses of the

Russian Ministry of Agriculture has

been more in the last ten years than

in the Sixty years preceding. There

is an agricultural specialist residing

in each of the 1,100 divisions into

which the empire is divided. These

specialists come wholly from Russian

schools and colleges. The policy of

the government is to start agricultur—

al activities and then transfer them

to the local governments. Inspectors

are sent out to show individuals how

to farm and the main factor in the

improvement of agriculture is the ex-

periment work. The expenditure of

the government in this line in 1912

was $3,000,000. There are nearly four

thousand agricultural societiesin Rus-

sia and they have grown largely in

the past six years. Most of these are

small selling organizations and they

are the centers of the educational

work. Health, education, good roads,

etc., are being fostered by the govern-

ment through these societies.



At first the mass of agricultural

population was more or less opposed

to the co-operative movement. Co-





operative credit started first as early





as 1866, in a co-operative loan and

savings association. These have grown





largely in number and influence. The.





general management of the service of

popular credit institutions is entrust-

ed to an office dependent on the state

bank and bearing the title of General

. Administration of Small Credit. The





- possible.





which may be required in agricul-

ture,” and for the sale of “every kind

of agricultural produce,” in practice

their activity is limited to operations

of a certain class. The great Esthon-

ian Co-operative Society, formed in

1897 at Reval, is almost exclusively

concerned with the providing of fer-

tilizers, machines and agricultural im-

plements, dairy plants, iron and steel

goods, and building material. The

Federation of the Siberian Butter-

making Societies devotes itself to the

exportation of butter, while the Po-

miestchik (landed property) Associa-

tion at St. Petersburg was founded

for the sole purpose of selling in the

capital and other towns the produce

of the butter making establishments

and dairies in the Baltic provinces.





A co-operative association at \Var-

saw concerns itself only with agricul-

tural improvements, both on its own

members’ land and for third parties.



The study of co—operative agricul-

ture in far away Siberia is especially

interesting. It is interesting because

of its remoteness from markets. It is

interesting because it reflects some-

thing of the virility of this form of

organization when put to severe tests.

It reflects possibilities in effective ag-

ricultural promotion in distant and

sparsely settled sections, for it would

be diflicult to find a section more so

than Siberia. Russia has set a pace





elsewhere, they would start a little

neighborhood store which, with their

other activities, successfully absorbed

the wealth of the peasants as fast as

it was created. The government of

Russia .soon saw that this was not

well for the peasants, consequently

not well for the country at large. Si-

beria being a great meadow country

and so naturally well adapted to stock

raising and dairying, the government

sent a dairy specialist into this sec-

tion to show them the advantage of

co-operative organization. He took

the initiative in organizing co—opera-

tive societies of peasant producers.

This started a struggle with the spec-

ulators. But a few years sufliced for

the complete triumph of co-operative

organization. The organization of the

Siberian Co-operative Butter factories

is very simple. The members under-

take by mutual contract: (1) to de-

liver to the co-operative society all the

milk they produce; and (2) joint lla-

bility for the engagements of the so-

ciety. The contract (or charter) is

officially registered. At the time of

the formation of the co-operative so-

ciety, each of the members makes a

payment to the society in proportion

to the number of cows he owns. Those

who have not the money available,

deliver milk for an account corres-

ponding to the payment they should

have made in money. The chief man

agement of the business of the co-op~

erative society rests with the general

meeting, in which meeting each mem-

ber has only one vote, however many

cows he may possess. The general





meeting appoints a. representative en-_





trusted with the business manage-

ment. The representative is respon-

sible for the cash, and for the ac-

counts of the society; he also ar-

ranges the purchase of the technical

plant, the engagement of the staff,

the sale of the butter, and the settle-

ment of accounts with each member

at the close of the financial year, in

conformity with the decisions of the

general meeting. Many co-operative

societies have inserted in their con-

tract with their manager a provision

that he shall receive an increase or

reduction in his pay according to the

quality of butter he makes~first qual-





- place.





Each member also pays into a

common fund to payrthe salary and

expenses of the expert, approximately

fifty cents a year and the General

Management of Agriculture is so well

satisfied with the results of these as-

sociations that it is granting as an ex-

periment a subsidy to. each associa-

tion of $200 for their further encour-

agement.



For the collective purchase of farm

requisites and for the defense of

common interests many of the co-op-

erative societies are further co-op-

crating.



I went with the sub—section into

southern Russia where lies the richest

and oldest settled 1ands. The soil is

unusually dark and equally so right

over the top of the hills. Our investi—

gations were chiefly in the sections

centered by the cities of Kharkoff

and Kiev.



The Kharffok Agricultural Society,

founded in 1880, was interesting. It is

divided into 34 principal departments.

The Agricultural Bureau, one of the

departments, a sort of clearing house

or wholesale society for local co—op-

erative purchasing societies, handled

during 1912 about one million dollars

worth of seeds, implements and fer-

tilizers. Other departments are live

stock, horticulture, agricultural

science, plant breeding, refrigeration,

alcohol production, experimentation in

potatoes, technical chemistry, agricul-

tural implements, for supplying farm-

ers with household needs, railroad tar-

iff bureau, publications, agricultural

co-operation.



This association maintains an agri-

cultural bureau in the United States,

with offices at Minneapolis. It ar-

ranges for the purchase of seeds and

sample machinery, gathers informa-

tion from the experiment stations and

translates into Russian such as is

of interest at home. There are now

in Russia 20,000 agricultural societies,

about 10,000 of which are co-operatlve

banks and 10,000 interested in distri-

bution—~purchasing and selling such

as farmers need or produce.



Both the Schulze—Delitzsch and

Raiffeisen forms of banksare in ac-

tive operation. There are also a sys-

tem of what are known, as ZemstOV

banks. These correspond in scrne par-

ticulars to what are known in the Uni-





 





 





in settlement work for the whole Showing Type of Sires Raised in Russia and How they Are Put to Work.





wo1ld in the case of Siberia. She

tiansplanted, on a basis said to be

similar to tUI‘ homestead provisions,

betWeen 1906 and 1909, 2,841,602 peas-

ants. The entire population of Mich-

igan, according to the last census, is

31,429 less than this. After having

persuaded this large peasant popula-

tion to settle on the great expanse of

agricultural land in Siberia, the gov-

ernment found that speculating mid-

dlemen promptly arrived and proceed-

edyto do as they do elsewhere—buy

the farmer’s raw material at a price

dictated by neither prOducei nor con-





sumer, manufacture it themselves and





get as much out of the consumer as

At the same time, there as





ity commanding a certain increase per

pound and the same amount per

pound reduction for third class.



The Federation of Siberian Butter

Makers was early realized to stan-

dardize the product and extend the

market. To meet the expenses of this

central organization a sum represent-

ing approximately one- -tenth of a cent

a pound is paid by the member so-

ciety.



Other associations were similar to

our cow-testing organizations. These

send an expert about to show the

dairyman how to better care and feed

for better results. The owner Of the

farm provides the ;.expert with board

and lodging and takes him to the next





ted States as state banks. The state

government establishes a central state

bank. This state bank establishes

branches in each of the cbunties, and

each of the county banks establishes

local societies among the people in

the smaller communities. The county

Zemstov acts as intermediary be-

between the local and state banks.

The local Zemstov as well as county

Zemstov and state banks deal not only

in credit, but also maintain stores,

warehouses, supply depots. etc. They

also receive deposits from all classes

of people in the community which con-

stitutes a large part of their working

capital. ,

(TO be continued).





 





 





 





 





 





......~_"
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





 





 





 





 

 





 





Woman and Her chcdrr





 





 





 





 





At Home and Elsewl') ere





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





If %‘.:C A .





 





 





Michigan Marriage Laws.





T what age can a girl marry in



the state of Michigan?” was a



query recently addressed to the

home department. It led to a study of

Michigan laws on marriage, said laws

being many and wordy



Any girl who has attained the age

of 18 may marry without the consent

of her guardians, while any girl at 16

may marry with the written consent

of either parent. There are only a

few limitations as to whom she may.

marry, and these are mostly cases of

consanguinity. Of course, no idiot nor

insane person may marry, but mar-

riage" between blacks and whites is

permitted.



Of course, no woman could marry

her own father or son. But the law

goes farther and says that she shall

not marry grandfather, grandson, her

mother’s husband, grandmother’s hus~

band, daughter’s husband, grand-

daughter’s husband, husband’s father,

husband’s grandfather, husband’s son,

husband’s grandson, brother or sis-

ter’s son, father or mother’s brother,

nor first cousin.



Before the ceremony can be per-

formed in Michigan one of the con-

tracting parties must go to the county

clerk of the county in which one of

them lives and procure a license. In

most counties a list of those procuring

licenses is published at least weekly

in the county paper, but the names

may be omitted so far as the law is

concerned. There has been talk of

legislation compelling the publishing

of the names of those procuring li-

censes at least three weeks before the

marriage, but so far no such law has

been passed. The license must be de-

livered to the minister or justice of

the peace performing the ceremony,

who must enter the time and place of

the marriage, and return to the county

clerk Within ten days.



The marriage ceremony may be

either civil or religious, that is, it

may be performed either by a justice

of the peace or a minister. But if a

minister is selected he must be regu-

larly ordained in his denomination.

There is no special form of ceremony

required by law, . but two witnesses

besides the officiating clergyman or

justice of the peace are necessary. So

little does the formal wording of the

ceremony matter that a simple agree

ment between a man and woman to

take each other as husband and wife,

followed by the marriage relation, is

binding without ceremony. But if in

this contract it is agreed that each

shall retain absolute control of his

and her own property the law will not

consider it a valid marriage.



Marriages made outside the state

are considered valid in Michigan if

they were valid where made, even

though they do not conform to the

laws of this state. If the marriage

was illegal in the state or country

where performed, of course it would

be illegal here.



Girls are sometimes deceived by un-

scrupulous men who procure persons

not qualified to perform the ceremony.

In case the justice or minister per-

forming the ceremony was not quali-

fied the marriage is considered bind-

ing if one or both parties fully believ-

ed it to be legal. Enticing a girl un-

der 16 to marry is a state’s prison of-

fense, as is detaining a woman of any





age with the intent of forcing or com-

pelling her to marry any person.



In case of a marriage where one of

the contracting parties is under age

the marriage’ may be annulled by mu-

tual consent or the election of the one

under age. It can not be annulled,

however, by the one of legal age.



Marriages made on Sunday are le-





gal, though many other civil contracts





are not.





Illegitimate children are made legit-

imate by the later marriage of the

parents. This may also be accom-

plished by the acknowledgement of

the father in writing, the acknowl—

edgement to be executed and acknowl-

edged the same as deeds of real estate

and recorded with the judge of pro-

bate in the county where the father

resides. DEBORAH.





11111111111111“1I|111111111111111111111111'111'11111'1111111111111111111111111111111111"”111111|111111111111111111'111111111111111111l11|11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111l1111111111111111111111'11111111 11111111





The Spring Suits and Coats.





 





HE woman who plans to make a

suit do for two seasons and

bought a new one last spring,





‘will have a hard time if she attempts





to alter her old suit to even faintly

imitate the 1915 models. For there is

absolutely no faint, family resem-

blance between the suit that was de-

rigueur last spring and the new styles.



If the coats weren’t entirely differ-

ent the skirts would spoil everything.

for how is one going to cut over 'a

1914 skirt into the present flare style,

measuring two and a half or three

yards around bottom? Even if that

could be done the sleeves would spoil

everything, for the proper thing this

spring is a simple set-in sleeve like

the sleeve of a. man’s coat. The ki-

mona, or raglan, sleeve so long in

vogue, is one of the surest signs that

your coat is at least a year old.



Most of the suit coats are in short

lengths, just covering the hips. A

few are shown which come only to the

waist line, but these do not meet with

popular favor, though some modistes

predict they wll grow in popularity

later in the season. A few coats are

shorter in the front than in the back,

some shorter in back than in front,

and still others are long on the sides

and short both front and back. Belted

coats are much worn, but there are

many without the belt, hanging in

straight lengths from shoulder to hip.

Detachable vests, which may be worn

or taken out as desired, come with

some of the dressiest suits. The best

collar is the simple mannish one,

notched and with revers, but the high

collar, to be worn either open or clos—

ed, is seen on many models.



Medium width skirts prevail in the

medium priced suits, extreme widths

being shown only in high priced suits

for the woman who can afford a half-

dozen suits a season. The woman who

has to make one suit- do for a year or

two is taking no chances on freak

styles which may last only a month or

so. Circular skirts are good, but in-

stead of being out after the old pat-

terns they are being cut in four or

five gores, which gives the correct

flare at the bottom, and prevents sag-

ging. Yokes are much used and pleat‘

ed skirts are in great demand, as well

as skirts with the fullness at the sides

and plain fronts and backs.



The separate coat for utility wear

is a simple tailored, three-quarter

length affair, with regulation arm-

holes of ample size .to permit the gar-

ment to be slipped off easily. A few

raglan sleeves are shown, but the best

sleeve this season is the set-in sleeve.

The collars of these coats are legion,

ranging from the notched collar to

hood and cape collars. There are

many military effects, to be worn eith-

er open or closed.



Flare cuffs are shown in some cas-





es, while in others the sleeves are cut

with a flare. The flare cuff, by the

way, is good on suit coats, too, and





buttons and button holes make a fav-,





orite sleeve finish.

The coat may be a loose-belted af-





fair, or a semi—fitted one, according to





the taste of the wearer. Both are

good. The belt in some cases is plac-

ed high, in others low, and occasional-

ly there are half-belts, high in the

back and low in front, or perhaps high

in front and low in back.



Serges, gabardines, poplins, shep-

herd checks, coverts and homespuns

are good, both in suits and cloaks.

The silk suits come in poplins, taf-

fetas and Tussahs.



DEBORAH.





CLOTHING THE SCHOOL GIRL.





 





BY E. J. C.





No one is ever so humiliated or self-

conscious as the school girl who

knows that her clothes are shabby

and out of style. And her wardrobe

requires as much thought as the out-

fit of her elders. She must be suit-

ably and neatly dressed if she is to be

respected, or have respect for herself.

There are a few mothers who can get

anything they choose ready-made from

the leading dry goods stores, but there

are many others who must consider

the cost of every garment. They learn

to economize in buying new clothes,

and to clean and make over old ones,

yet they not only keep their children

comfortable but as nicely dressed as

those of their wealthy neighbors.





Have you noticed how many dress-

es for girls of all ages are made of

two and sometimes three materials?

This style affords a splendid opportu-

nity for using remnants which may be

bought so cheaply at this time of the

year. One of the prettiest combina-

tions seen this season was a dress for

a girl of fourteen, made in jumper

style. The jumper was brown broad-

cloth, cut low in the neck and long in

the armholes, the waist long and loose

with a three-piece skirt attached, the

seam being covered with a shaped belt

three inches wide. The neck, arm.

holes and belt were finished with a

pretty design done in brown braid——

the work of the girl done at odd times.

The waist was cut from a remnant of

brown satin and made with long

sleeves and high neck.





The new yoke skirts may be used

to advantage in making over the old

style plaited or circular ones. Cut a

three-piece yoke of the same material

as the skirt or of silk, satin or striped

goods, making it straight or pointed

at the lower edge. Buttons used for

trimming give a pretty finish to these

skirts.



If you} have a tunic skirt that you





wish to make over, use the narrow

drop skirt for the yoke, attach the tu-

nic to it, and the work is accomplish-

ed. We are glad to welcome the. full

skirts again, and as they are made

quite short they are comfortable for

walking. The sleeveless velvet over.

blouse is another boon to the econom-

ical woman. It sometimes matches

the dress in color, but is usually black

and may be worn with any dress.



- Before beginning the sewing, have

all your materials ready. Silk is eas«

ily cleaned by washing in gasoline and

should be hung out of doors until the

gasoline has evaporated. A woolen

dress that is to be taken apart, may

be washed through two soapy waters,

rinsed, and when about half dry iron<

ed on the wrong side. If you wish to

change the color, that is easily ac«

complished by dyeing it with diamond

dye. Choose any of the rich dark

shades and the result will be all that

could be desired. If it is to be com—

bined with a striped or plaid material,

the plain goods should be made the

same color as the one which predom«

inates in the trimming. Select your

pattern and lay each piece on the

goods to see how it may be cut to the

best advantage. Careful fitting is nec-

essary, but the patterns are so nearly

perfect that this is not a difficult task.



The lack of pressng is often the

only thing that distinguishes the ama-

teur from the professional. Press er"

ery seam as you go and if a seam is

to be stitched on the right side, press

it before the stitching is done.



Have all the little helps that are so

essential to good and rapid work, such

as seam binding, strips of hooks and

eyes ready to sew in the waist or

placket, patent fasteners, web belting,

featherbone, collar stays, etc. An ad-

justable dress form is not a cheap

article, but one that is needed in ev—

ery sewing-room, since it saves time

and makes the work easier.





RECIPES.





 





Rice Cream.



Rice cream makes an excellent des-

sert and it is a splendid way to use up

cold cooked rice left over. Place in

the upper part of a double boiler one

pint of milk and a pinch of salt, bring

to the boiling point, add one and one-

half teacupfuls of cooked rice, boil

about five minutes and then stir in

the yolk of an egg that has been beat-

en to a cream with half ‘a cupful of

granulated sugar. Cook until well-

thickened, remove from the fire, fold

in the stiffly whipped white of the egg

and a teaspoonful of lemon extract.

Set aside to cool. Serve sometimes

with plain and sometimes with whip-

ped cream—M. A. P.



Baked Peaches.



Cut peeled peaches in halves and ar-

range in overlapping rows in a bak-

ing dish. Sprinkle liberally with su-

gar, cover and set in a cool place for

two hours. Bake slowly, until peaches

are transparent. Chill, and serve with

whipped cream.-—Mrs. J. J. O’C.



Fruit Pudding.



One-half cupful of molasses, one—

fourth cupful of butter, one-half cup-

ful sweet milk, one—half teaspoonful of

soda, one cupful of chopped raisins

and a little cloves, allspice and ground

cinnamon. Stir the ingredients to-

gether and steam for two hours.—

L. M.



Royal Grape Juice.

Take the juice of. one orange and '
396—20 -





.Hot-All-Over Top





Look closely at the wasteful flue

arrangement of the ordinaryrangel

Then compare it with the Eclipse

double cooking-capacity feature,

which makes the heat go under

i every 1121’ before it can get out.





STOVES



CLIPS

RANGES

are just as advanced as this in every feature of

good cooking and fuel-savings All are built





for long life and per- '-

. fect service.





 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 





-)

Eclipse my '

and it: Ill; llut-Savln Top. lint-

All—llm. 0V0! conll dulrrd.





   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





"is . Write us for illus~



ls a) ’~ _ trated book on



how the ‘ ,_-.



culinary



range why Eclipse



Wastes Stoves and Ranges are such per-

”. fect fire-keepers. easily cleaned and satisfactory





 





all around. Learn all aboutthese unusual features



—this Hot-All-Over Top and the wonderful Adjustable

Damper. Write today for the book and the name of

nearest Eclipse dealer.





ECLIPSE STOVE COMPANY

Mansfield





 

   

   

 





 





 

 





 





Roof

Insurance





 

 





Edwards

STEEL

Shingles





Special offer_ by acting now. Free roof insurance

against lightning under our $10,000 bond. And Edwards

Steel Shingles cost less than wood shingles. Last five

times longer. Patent "Tightcote” Process and Inter-

lockm _ DeVIce prevent rot, rust, fire, leaks. Shingles

dippc in molten zmc after being cut—no exposed edges.

[they to lay with hammer and nails. Come in handy aheeta of

100 or more. Fine for any roof anywhere.





 

   





   





Let Our Experts



Draw up Your FREE



Heating Plans



TAEEE advantage of our trained experts

e sure of heating every room. Keep





down coal bills. Deal direct with manu-

facturer—save $25 to $75 by buying at





Low Wholesale

Factory Price





- ; We grantyear’s test—back

,‘ guarantee with bank bond

, —cash or long time credit

- —easy payments. Wetay

freight. Blue prints free.

. whether you order or not—no

" obligations. Write today for

‘.‘ catalog No. 09

Kalamazoo Steve 60.. Mfr.

lamazoo. Mlch.





 

 

 





         





“c I NOW 3" t3" newney "“1115. filctorlyvdirect-éf.

yo 0 er: a a | 3 ea.

heir of bargains. No iii-7 given all site. rill: fodgf—Novv‘:





TllE EDWARDS MFG. 00.





817-387 Look 3.700% - Cincinnati, Ohio





   

 





 





 

 

   

   





 





   





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





   





Reading. study or work is a pleasure when

done under the soft. brilliant rays of the

“Best” Light. No other illumination so

effective or cheap. Costs only 2c a week.

No smoke. dirt nor odor. Over-200 styles.

Write for catalog. Agent: wanted every.

.THE BEST LIGHT CO.

' “ 2110 E. 5th St.. Canton. 0.





HOME COMFORT roghwmrrn DAYS





     

   

   

   





‘A Kalamazso





Ymfimxrl)ircct to lhbif.





ink of the comfort

an indoor closet would

bring to you,and your

family these storm y days.

he Wolverine





Chemical Closet

makes it possible for you to

have atoilet in your home.

No Water or Sewer

Connection Requlred.

The outside closet means





 





 





FRE Two Valuable Boélie,“The

RANGE PROBLEM" and





CASH





IN

ON THE





OLD





 





 





.‘nr's bills. The

Closet means health.



comfort. and convenience.

: Send us the name of your

. Hardware or Implement. Deal-

‘ er and we will send you our

Catalog giving complete de-

scription of the Wolverine

Chemical Closet System.



Guaranteed (ldnrless and

Sanitary.





Dill STEEL PRODUCTS Do.

710 E. Main St. Lansing Mich.





Beacon



Burner



FITS YOUR OLD LAMP.



100 Candle Power Incandescent

pure white light from (kerosene coal

oil. Beats either gas or eleotr city.

‘ COSTS ONLY I CENT FOR 6 HOURS



i: We want one person in each locality to

‘\ whom we can refer new customers.

Take advantage of our Special Offer to





secure a Beacon Burner FRII. Write

today. AGENTS WANTED.





seem co. as none an... Kansas City. I.





 





You Can Diacnrd Yoqr

Old Stove with ikdvantnge and Pkrot‘it

n construction, wor man-

'3 Longer ship and design. The Mom

arch is years ahead of all other ranges. It is

made of malleable iriorli and fiteel.‘ Ibt has coma-

plete tr 1) e wa s—as es 03 an

[.688 Fuel steel. Full protection against

damage by corrosion. The top and oven heat

quickly. Every seam is riveted tight—no bolts

L W k or stove putty to loosen and tall

68$ 01’ out. The Duplex Draft and Hot

Blast Fire Box insure cyan lzealt aIii‘g full llsfi 0‘;

' a t 1e ue . e o s e

“er COOklng ever needs ‘hlkacking.

' 00 S.





 





to in

Send for FREE B





 





DD YD" NEED FIRM HELP? .353.:‘..W“§3.’;fi:°;.‘;‘.3 Write today. Addrass

oxperlenoedpnd inexperienced. who want farm work. i f M‘uedfle Iron Rall‘é Co.





 

 

 

 

 

 





Our object. Is to encourage farming among Jews;

no charges to employer or employee: If you need

ood. steady. sober men. write to Jewrsh Agricultural ‘

Society. 714 W. I2th Street. Chicago. Illinois.





739 Lake Street





 





 





 





 





\\ m\\“‘ 'g -.

§\\\§§~}\n\\\$ _ ..





 

 





Insurance records show this—

the misuse and abuse of City 7 : ,7 ., , , ‘

gas, kerosene and gasoline . ' . .



I caused over 100,000 fires in SIX months. While the misuse and

many mums abuse of acetylene caused but four fires during the same period.

wmo aw: nuns And there are overa quarter of a million COUNTRY-HOME-ACETY-

LENE-PLANTS in use. A mighty fine showmg for acetylene.



A hundred feet of acetylene makes more light than a thousand test of city gas. For this reason acetylene

light burners have small openings — so small that not enough gas could escape from an open burner — in a

whole day — to do any harm whatever. . . -



Also. acetylene gas is not poisonous to breathe — you would suffer no harm in sleeping under an open

unlighted burner. Also. acetylene burns with no odor whatever — but acetylene from an unlighted burner

has a strong pungent odor which immediately attracts attention.



Also. acetylene lights are permanently fastened to'walls and ceilings — they cannot betipped over.



Aim, the acetylene producing stone. UNION CARBIDE. won't burn and can’t explode.



For these remns insurance authorities have pronounced acetylene safer than illuminant: it is displacing.





rtl-ia lltaratnre tells all about the but way to make acetylene ier eon-try 42nd St. Building.

3&13, and {ow it. in used extensively for cooking as well as lighting. Juli address- NE YORK. or





 





 





 

 





 





THE MICHIGAN 'FARMER





four lemons and mix them together.

Add one cup of sugar, then one pint of

grape juice and a. quart of ice water.

Stir well and pour into glasses. Beat

the whites of two eggs, add two table-

spoons of sugar and place a spoonful

On each glass of juice. Put a small

tip of red jelly in the center of each

bit of white.





MICHIGAN’S HAPPY BABIES.





No. 13.





Household Editorz—After reading

some of the articles on “Michigan’s

Happy Babies,” I wonder if you could

advise me what to do for my three-

months’ old son. Since birth he has

been troubled with indigestion. The

stools are full of white curds and mu-

cous and are often of a coppery green

color. He is a breast baby and some-

times vomits a little after nursing. .I

nurse him every two hours and as lit-

tie as possible during the night. I

give him orange juice in the afternoon

and castor oil about twice a week.

Until the last week there have been

five ,or six passages of the bowels

daily, but now there are about two or

three. He is cross and cries frequent-

ly as if in pain. I give. him as much

warm, boiled water as he will take

——Young Mother. *



P. S.——He does not gain in flesh as

he should, which, I suppose, is due to

the undigested food. \Vould three-

hour feedings be of any help?





There is a popular misconception





that every mother who has sufficient





milk should nurse her baby, and that

human milk, no matter how poor, is

better for the baby than cow’s milk,

no matter how good. This is hardly

the truth, however. Every doctor and

nurse has learned that many babies

are sacrificed because the mother in-

sists on nursing her baby when the

milk is clearly injurious._



The stool of the nursing infant is

an orange yellow in color and free

from curds and mucous if the food is

suitable. Continued curds, and mu-

cous and a green or mixed color are

sufficient indication that the mother’s

milk is injuring the child and should

be stopped as soon as possible, unless

by correcting her own diet and way

of living the milk may be battered.



There are several causes which

might lead to this condition of the

mother’s milk. One, and a frequent

cause, is the fact that she is contin-

ually'taking laxatives or other medi-

cines. In this case she should stop

the laxatives and try by proper exer-

cise and a correct dict to overcome

the constipation. Plenty of vegeta-

bles, brown bread, figs, prunes and

oatmeal in the diet, with two or three

pints of hot water drank daily, should

help.



Again, the mother may be eating too

heavily of meat, milk and eggs, thus

making the milk of a bad quality for

the child. Or she may be overworked,

nervous, worried, or perhaps down-

right ill and feverish. If it is a case

of overwork and she can not get help,

she should wean the child at once, or

rather as soon as a satisfactory food

can be found. If she does get relief

from the work and worry and still the

stools are not right, a satisfactory

food must be obtained at once.





The stool of the child fed on injur-

ious human milk is not always like

the one described above. In some

cases it is yellowish or brown in, color

and watery in character, while in oth-

ers it is of alpale yellow color, filled

with mucous. These cases indicate

improper milk as clearly as the stool

filled with curds and of a green color.

If, in addition the bowels are loose,

moving three and four times a. day a

change should be made quickly.



Milk, as we have seen, is composed

of water, fat, protein and sugar. The

fat is represented by the cream and

the protein by skim-milk. As fat, or

cream, is laxative the new food should

be skim-milk instead of a preparation

of cream and skim-milk. If the infant

is less than two months old give not

more than three ounces daily, diluting

the milk with abOut five' times as

much boiled water as milk and adding

just enough sugar‘to make slightly





 





Union Carbide Sales Company, Dept. 13. gaggggfgt





sweet. At two months old the child





used with discretion.





 





MARCH 27, 1915.





could probably take-four to six ounces

daily, and at three months, six to

eight ounces.



Prepare the entire amount and give

either as four separate feedings in-

stead of nursing, or a tablespoonful at

a time immediately before each nurs-

ing. With the three months old infant

it is better to give as a. separate

feeding.



Watch the effect of this additional

food on the stool, and if it becomes

of the proper character, more skim-

milk may be added and an equal

amount of the water omitted from the

formula. Gradually increase amount

of food given daily until nursing is

omitted entirely.



In babies more than three months

old it is often advisable to add a

starch to the skim—milk and water

preparation. In case there has been a

marked looseness of the bowels a

baked starch, instead of a malted one,

should be used. DEBORAH.





TWO TASTY SUPPER DISHES.





BY ELLA E. ROCKWOOD.



Slice a couple of. onions and fry

without browning, in little butter or

meat drippings. Add a sufficient quan-

tity of canned or fresh tomatoes to

make the required amount. Cook for

ten minutes then drop into the mix~

tui'e hamburg steak or sausage meat

made into small balls. Cook another

[en minutes, season with salt and

cayenne and serve.



Canned tuna, a product of the Pa-

cific, is to be had at. the grocers the

same as canned salmon, and furnishes

a pleasing change for the table. It is

useful in a variety of ways identical

with salmon, in salads, scallops, loaves

and so on. Here is a chowder which

uses tuna as a base, excellent for din-

ner orrfor supper on a cold day.





Slice two large onions, two potatoes

and boil in plenty of water until soft.

Now rub through a colander, chop or

mash fine and return to the water in

which they were cooked. Open a.

small sized can of tuna, costing from

15 to 20 cents, depending on where

purchased, and add it to the vegeta-

bles. Fill the dish with rich milk, to

make the required amount, season

With salt and pepper and serve very

hot with crisp cakes. A bit of garlic

adds a delicious and appetizing flavor

to this dish.



Speaking of garlic in meat stews,

steaks, sauces and gravies, it adds a.

delicious flavor, and also to vegetable

and meal: soups. In a roast of lamb it

is indispensable in adding most appe-

tizingly and also removes entirely

that taste so unpleasantly suggestive

of wool which many people find ob-

jectionable. Of course, it should be

The merest tri-

fle will be sufficient.



Under the name of kitchen bouquet

a preparation is sold containing a

number of vegetable flavorings very

useful in cooking. This comes in a.

liquid form. A nickel’s worth of bay

leaves will furnish seasoning highly

delectable in sauces, gravies, stews,

also with tomatoes and similar dishes.





 





SHORT CUTS TO HOUSEKEEPING.





_ All cutglass toilet articles with sil-

ver tops should be cleaned a piece at

a time to prevent chipping. Put them

into a basin of hot water in which has

been dropped a few drops of ammonia

or a pinch of washing soda; Scrub

with a soft brush and dry quickly.

Table cutglass may be kept bright and

shining by scouring with whiting wet

with warm water, which, after having

been allowed to remain a little while,

is polished off with Chamois and a.

small brush to get the powder from

the crevices. This leaves the glass

shining like diamonds.



If in a hurry to get a meal pour

boiling water over potatoes. Let set

on stove about five minutes. Drain

and again cover with boiling water.

Several minutes can be saved in this

way—Mrs. R. H. S.
MARCH 27, 1915.





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





21—397





Pere Marquette Railroad Company 1





DUDLEY E. WATERS, PAUL H. KING, Receivers.





To All Farmers of Michigan:





MEMBER of the Legislature asked us recently “why



don’t you tell the farmers of the State your troubles



and what you are trying to do? I don’t believe they

fully understand that you are fighting their battle as well as

your own in this passenger fare matter.” We replied that

we had been spending all of our time for weeks in preparing

and presenting the case to the Legislature, so that every

question which members might ask would be promptly

answered by sworn statements taken from our books which

are kept under the direct supervision of the Interstate Com-

merce Commission; that we had figured that if this infor—

mation were furnished in a clear and conclusive form, mem-

bers of the Legislature would in turn transmit it to their con-

stituents, including the farmers, so that the whole state

would understand our desperate situation.



It is, of course, clear that the main lines of a railroad

operated between large cities have more business, and,

therefore, earn more per mile of road than the branch lines;

that the branch lines are, therefore, more unprofitable; that

when unprofitable operation demands curtailment of ser-

vice, branch lines must necessarily be the first to suffer. This

being true, the question arises—what portions of the state

and who of our people will feel this curtailment or loss of

service on our branchli‘nes the most? A glance at the map

of Michigan and of its lines of road, surrounded on three

sides by water, shows very plainly that the larger part of

the state in area, its industries and its people, are absolutely

and vitally dependent on branch lines. They run in all direc-

tions—connect one small community with another and give

these small communities outlets for their business. It is





 





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s the thirty-one counties in Michigan that

I contain. branch lines of cltlhe Pore Mal-queue railroad“





safe to say that over 807? of shipments carried by rail from

and to farming communities and small villages in Michigan

move, at least, a part of their way over branch lines.



There is not the slightest doubt in the world that if pas-

senger rates are not increased to a point where they will

at least cover the cost of furnishing the service, some of the

branch lines of the Pere Marquette'will have to be torn up.

Three-fourths of our branchlines do not even pay the cost

of running the trains, to say nothing of taxes and like ex-

penses. The system as a whole has had to borrow money

for the last four years to pay its taxes, because it could not

earn it, and this sort of thing cannot go on any longer.

Something is going to happen. and happen right away unless

relief is granted at once, and that thing is foreclosure. Fore-

closure means dismemberment, either partial or complete,

and dismemberment means disaster, not only to the road,

but to the people of Michigan generally, and the farmers of

Michigan in particular. It simply means that they are going

to be without service with no way to get their supplies in.

or their produce out, until some other way can be devised

to handle the business. Then when they do get it, it is

going to cost them more than it does now, because no way

can be figured out whereby they can get service locally at

anywhere near present rates. The better way for all con-

cerned is to allow the road to earn enough to keep things

the way they are. '



The farmers will be the first to suffer from loss of ser-

vice. The present application for an increase of one—half

cent per mile in passenger fares is more in their interest than

in the interest of the cities on the main lines. The cities

need the branch line service, but they can get along without

— it. The farmers cannot afford

to lose it. It is not a question

of securing revenue to pay in-

terest on stocks or bonds, but

simply a question of getting

money enough to operate the

trains and pay the taxes.





Many farmers of the state

have realized the situation and

are doing all they can to help

us. We want you all to know

about it, so that you can co~

Operate with us in saving to

them the present service.





As officers of the United

States Court we are calling

this matter to your attention

with an earnest request that

you assist us. You can help

by writing at once to your

members of the Legislature

and tell them that as a farmer

and one of their constituents

you want them to vote for a

bill which will give us relief

immediately. Such a letter

will be a good investment.

Perhaps your nearest town is

located on one of these

branches. How much will

land in your vicinity be worth

an acre if the tracks are pulled

out and service discontinued?





 





 

 





 

 

   

   

   

   

   

 





WE‘mpz‘am :3” from ”£33133? $311.:th Please write today. Our in.

m 5%? $3121"... 33min”? 3333113. xamfi’ terests are mutual. Let us

“non. YOUR nearest town Is heated on one of these

area‘s mm. magmas" m m work together.

" --———~---"' PAUL H. KING,

I N D I A N A _ 0 H I 0- DUDLEY E. WATERS,

- -—————-—l Receivers.





3‘35“?" ’
398—— 22





 

   





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER





HE office of Markets was estab-

lished only 18 months ago and

as yet the work has not been

fully organized. According to the law,

the work of the Bureau of Markets is

to investigate the various phases of

marketing and disseminate such use-

ful information as they may find. The

Bureau of Markets essentially deals

with marketing organizations and co-

operative associations. There is not

sufficient force to deal with the prob—

lems of individuals as there would be

no end to the work if we did.

The Bureau of Markets must deal

largely with the larger groups of men.

it is not the purpose to actually do





. the work for the growers but to make





suggestions which will help the grow-

ers to apply business principles to the

profession of farming. At present

there is a lack of business ability and

successful marketing depends largely

upon the application of pure business

principles to the marketing of farm

products. _



Studying Successful Organizations.



It is my particular business to make

surveys of co-operaiive organizations

and on the information gathered we

will try to base the work of the fu-

ture. These surveys give an index to

the most successful methods to pursue

in this work and after we have deter-

mined the most satisfactory ways of

handling products, facts will be given

the public. In America there are some

8,500 co-operative associations. Some

of them are failures, while others are

successful, and from the latter it is

hoped that plans may be evolved for

the furtherance of others just as suc-

cessful. The work of co-operative or-

ganizations is a very important one

and it involves the problems of the in-

dividual farmer. But in our work we

must consider those problems which

affect large groups rather than indi-

viduals.



Michigan is Behind.



Michigan has been way behind in

this work of co—operative marketing

organizations and now she must get

under motion. If you had been with





seen how these western people calcu-

late to use the Panama Canal and

compete with Michigan apples in the

New York market, you would not won--

der that I say Michigan must get un~

der motion. They are planning on

putting their No. 2 apples in barrels

and place them on the New York mar-

ket in competition with Michigan

fruit. If we don’t look out those west-

ern people will beat us out at our own

business, to say nothing of the much

larger distance which they have to

ship their products. But they will get

the trade if the growers in this state

are not up and doing.

Develop Confidence.



The success of the co-operative en-

terprise depends upon getting the con-

fidence of the trade. It should be the

business of a. co-operative organiza-

tion to so build up its business that





 





 





Well grown Plants Command the Best





 





Prices.





I’"..!!!!'!!!!|!!!!!||!!!!!!!!!|I!!!!!!!!!!!I!!!|!!!!!!|!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!|!!!!I!!|!!!!!!!!!!|!!!!!I!!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!||!!!!!|!!!||!!!!!||!!!!!|!I!!!!!!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!!!!!!!||!!!!||!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!!|!!!!!!





Farm Commerce.





L5!!!!|!!!!!!!!!!!||!!!!||!!!|||!!!!!|!!|!|!!!!|!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!|!||!!!!!!!!|||!!l!I!!!!!|||!!!!||||!!!|!!!!!!!!!||!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!!|!!!|!!!!!!|!|!|!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!|!!|||!!!||!!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!|!!|!!!!!||!!!!!|!!||!!!!!!!!!|!!!!!!!'="





Helping the Farmer to Sell Products.





By CHAS. E. BASSETT.





me in California the last year and»





lllllllllllfi





Eumumuuuuuum





benefits accrue to both consumers and

producers. Trade is built on confi-

dence and if consumers buy the pro-

ducts of the association and find that

they are not packed properly there is

little future for that association. The

success of the business depends upon

standardizing the products, and this

gets the confidence of the trade. I

know of many fruit buyers who would

rather buy their oranges of the Cali-

fornia Fruit Exchange because they

know that the products put out by

this organization are all standard, the

fruit is packed in a standard package

and is sure to reach the market in

good condition. On the other hand,

there are many consumers who would

rather buy of an association for they

may rest assured that as long as the

firm calculates to do a future business

they will insist upon it that the pro-

duct is put up right and is of good

quality.



Financing the Marketing of Products.





Farmers usually lack the ability to

finance their own undertakings. This

is a. great drawback, for if the farmer

could finance his owu undertakings,

he would not have to “dump” his pro-

duce on the market when the supply

is already too large. It is to be hoped

that farming will be so developed that

the individuals can do their own

financing. Speculators come in because

the farmers indirectly invites them to.

Farmers want money to pay help and

other bills and instead of putting their

beans or potatoes on the market when

the market wants them, they take the

products to market when money is

needed and the market is glutted. The

speculator simply bets with the farmer

that beans will be worth more in the





spring than they are at the time that





he buys them. If the farmer gets

the bet, he thinks he has made a good

deal, but he doesn’t have a chance to

think this way very often. There are

SOme places where the banks are will-

ing to finance some of the undertak-

ings of the farm, and this is as it

should be.



We often hear talk of the inability

of co-operative associations to finance

their campaigns but the banks will do

this many times. Vl’hy, bless you, you

ought to have been with me in Seattle

the other day and see how quick Mr.

Polyhemus financed a million dollar

proposition. It was done in less than

18 minutes and all very easily. Mr.

Polyhemus is the head of those aflili-

ated co-operative associations .near

Seattle. He thought that sugar would

be higher next year and so he was de-

termined to buy 48 carioads of sugar.

He sent a. telegram to a big bank in

Seattle something like this: “We

think sugar will advance before an-

other year. Want to buy 48 carloads

of sugar. We will give you the key to

the warehouse and keep a. watchman

over it. Can you advance us the

money?” In less than 18 minutes the

bank returned an answer that it would

advance the money for a. year. That

is the way they finance such under-

takings out there.



Must Pay Our Way.





We must not expect to get some-

thing for nothing. Do not think that

you are doing away with the middle-

man when you organized a co-opera-

tive enterprise. You have simply ad-

ded a middleman—a collective middle-

man, and if he cannot do the work

better than the old middleman, then

he has no excuse for an existence. The

cooperative association is simply a

middleman who is expected to do the

work better than the commercial mid-

dleman who handled the work' former-





MARCH 27, 1915.,





MICHIGAN’S GREAT FOOD cnop.





BY DORA H. STOCKMAN. ’

(Music, the Chorus of Tipperary).





Beans for breakfast and beans £01

dinner,



Beans for lunch and supper, too



Beans for picnics, and beans for battle



Food for everything you do



Oh, we envy not Alaska,



California’s sunny stand



For ounbeans are better than a gold

mine



In old Michigan.





 





From Detroit’s great Auto city to the

Straits of Mackinac



We can line our automobiles, nose to

rear, 3. solid track,



Down the scenic western pike line, a

thousand miles of gasolines.



We might circle Michigan with autos



Bought with one crop of beans.





A pound of beans will do a day’s work



It will win a game of ball,



We can serve it in soup or salad



Boston Baked the best of all



Six milllion bushels of power and mus.

c e



Beans in bags or soldered can



Health and wealth in Michigan we’re

growing



For every man.





With our beans, the powerful navy,



We’ll defend old U. S. A.



Furnish good brawn for the taller,



Muscle for our boys to play,



High brow food for proud old Boston

Beans for starving Belgian spare

Michigan is slated with a future

For we know beans right there.



(For fifth verse repeat first verse).

!.II!I5f!!i!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Il!!!||!!!ll!!!!!!|!!!!!!l!l!!ill!!!Il!Il!llI!li!!!!!!!II!!!!I!!!ll!!!|II!!!|!!!!l|!!!!|l|!!ll!l!lll

1}“. Do not think that you can hire a.

middleman for nothing. We farmers

are quite prone to want to get some-

thmg for nothing. We like the ben-

efits‘to be derived but we do not

want to pay the price. It seems funny

that we have had such hard work to

co—operate in the matter of selling

when we cooperate in nearly every-

thing else. The school is a. co-opera-

rive scheme for educating our chil-

dren. I am able, in a, degree, to give

instruction to my children but it would

not be wise nor efficient for me to do

lhiS, although I do try to guide the

instruction, but instead of doing it all

myself, I go in withjmy neighbors and

cooperatively we equip and run a

school to educate our children. The

school is one of the greatest co-oper-

ative agencies in the land and no one

would think of saying that our schools

are not efl‘icient. In the matter of re-

ligious services, cooperation is a

great thing, and one which has been

practiced for many years past. I

could preach, but my family probably

would not stand for my preaching, so

my neighbors and I co—operate and

hire a preacher, buy or build a church

and co-operate in our religious ser-

vices. Now, I don’t see why we can’t

extend this same spirit to our buying

and selling organizations.



There is one thing that is often not

quite fully understood, and that is that

large co-operative organizations quite

often start from small beginnings. I

was out in Idaho where they have a.

large co-operative marketing associa~

tion and I found that it started in an

ice plant. At first the locality had no

ice for summer use, and so five or six

farmers clubbed together, dammed up

a mountain stream, put up an ice-

house and, when winter came on, they

cooperated in putting up their ice.

This led to something more being un-

dertaken until now they have one of

the most successful organizations in

the country.



However, there is one thing which

cooperative associations should avoid.

Any co-operative association should be

very careful that it does not act in re-

straint of trade, and in this connec-

tion, it must have as its object the

lowering of prices to the consumer as

well as getting a. better price for the

producers.



Note—The above is the substance

of an address given before the recent

Country Life Conference held at East

Lansing.





 





The man who would lift others must

be uplifted himself, and he who would

command others must learn to obey.

—CharlesK. Ober.





{at I; *





 





 





.m~,x.—..m.au—wi . ‘ vial-45;, “it.“ ,- ML
“A.





s..<





 





Mercer, 1915,-





r





 





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THE MICHIGAN FARMER





DIR ECT MARK ETFNG.





 





HE father of the writer took up

the plan of disposing of his

farm and dairy products directly



to the consumer more than forty years

ago. This method has been in vogue

in all sections for about that length of

time, my father being one of the

pioneers to sell in the small manufac-

turing city that has ever since been

our market. Some of the families that

started in taking his butter, eggs,





‘ hults and vegetables at that time are





still buying from us. In one or.two

cases it was the grandmother of the

present customers who first bought

the products of the Sheslcy farm. I

mention this fact to show that I am

familiar with the plan of direct sell-

ing to “customers.”



The first product sold was butter.

A uniform price was established for

the six summer months. and the same

for the winter months.’ This was for

some years five cents less in the

warm weather than in the cold. Later

the price was made uniform the year

around. I do not think we have re-

ceived much more for the butter than

the Wholesale price as an average,

but we have been sure of a. market

for a certain amount every week. On

our part it has been the study to be

able to produce that amount.



Starting with the butter it was an

caSy matter to branch out on other

products. Thus, eggs, dressed poul-

try, fruits and vegetables have been

sold to the customers all these years.

lt soon became the rule for the buyers

to depend entirely upon us for prac-

tically everything the farm produced.

Regular trips have been. made each

week on certain days and it has been

the endeavor to make every trip in

spite of the weather. The customers

could depend upon us, therefore they

paid us our price without question.



Absolute honesty with price and

quality has been the.rule. In this

way new customers were obtained

whenever needed. There have also

been plenty of others not supplied reg-





ularly who have been ready at all





times to take surplus products not





V needed by regular customers. We have





never made prices excessive. The av-

erage for all products for these years

would be, if reckoned about the retail

prices in the markets of the city. With

the guarantee of freshness and fair

dealing which we could give and the

reputation for honesty soon obtained,

the selling has always been the easi-

est end of the farm business. We

have never hesitated to take into the

city on our trips any surplus fruits

for which there was little market, and

distrbute» them among the children

where we sell goods, in fact it can be

said with- truth that our customers

are our friends and they consider us

in the same way.



I believe this plan of selling offers

many inducements to the dairy farmer

and the poultryman. To handle with

these, truck crops and small fruits

should be grown. The farmer himself

must attend to the selling. He must

be willing to rectify any mistake and

adjust any grievance, real or imag-

i-nary.



New Hamp. C. H. Cussnuv.

lflflliflllIlllilillllllilllillllllll"lullHillHilllllllllillllllillllllllllllIllilillllllllllmlIlllllllllillmlllllIHII





Crop andflMarket Notes.





Michigan.



Gratlot Co., March 16.——The ground

has been bare for some time; frost is

about out of the ground during; the

day, but freezes every night. Wheat

came through the winter looking good,

but the past few weeks of frosty

weather has affected it somewhat.

Stock is looking very well. In gener-

al farmers have an abundance of feed.

Hogs $6.25; beans $2.70.



Monroe Co., March 15.—-March so

far has been rather mild, with one

light snow fall. Roads are very bad.

Wheat, rye and meadows seem to be

ht fine. condition. Stock generally in

good condition. Feed, espécially the





, roughage, will be pretty well fed up.





There are a good many auction sales.

Cows are not in great demand owing





 





 





to the low, ,ceof milk. ,Borses are





pork $8@8.50; veal $11@14'; oats 55c;

shelled corn 85@95c per bu; timothy





hay $14@16; a good many potatoes In ‘ '1





farmers’ hands, priCe offered being

350 per bushel.



Washtenaw Co., March 15.——The

country has quite the aspect of spring,

and the roads are good. . Wheat, rye

and meadows in good condition. The

late freezing and thawing seems to

have done very little damage. Cattle

and hogs in small supply. Milch cows

are in better demand, but prices at

sales are somewhat lower. Grains in

better demand and at better prices

than any other farm commodity. Lots

of potatoes selling around 30c. A good

many beans have been sold at $3,

which makes the future crop look

more attractive. A large acreage of

beans and cats in prospect. Dairy

butter 25c; eggs 17c.



New York.



Niagara Co., March 17.—-Snow all

gone, and roads are good for this time

of year. Spraying has commenced.

Meadows look good. There is very

little feed on hand for home use, as

many farmers sold themselves short

last fall, and now have to buy. Wheat

$1.35; casts 6‘2c; com 850; hay $13;

bran $30 per ton; middlings $30 per

ton; butter 240; eggs 2-0c; horses are

lower In price than for several years.





Ohio.



Greene Co., March 15.—-—March has

been dry, with freezing nights and

sunny days. Some farmers are mak-

ing maple syrup, which retails at $1.25

per gallon. Public sales have been

numerous and with most satisfactory

prices. Wheat, rye and new seeding

are not looking so well on account of

the freezing nights. Farmers are

busy with plowing and fence building,

etc. Clover seed mostly sown. Eggs

plentiful at 150; butter-fat 30c.



Highland Co., March 15.——-We are

having fine March weather, no snow

but some rain. Roads very good. The

early sown wheat is looking fairly

well, but late sown is poor. Rye looks

well; meadows and pastures begin-

ning to start. Very little old wheat

on hand, and rough feed is scarce.

Famers have about half of their

spring plowing done. Hay $18; corn

85c per bu: wheat $1-35; hogs $6.50;

eggs 16c; butter 250; chickens 120.



Crawford 00., March 17.——We are

having fine weather. Wheat and

meadows have suffered considerably

from hard freezing. Spring seeding

has begun. There is the usual amount

of live stock on hand, and it has come

through the winter in good shape.

Farmers generally have plenty of

feed. Wheat $1.45; oats 55c; corn

700; hay $13.25; hogs $6; veal $9.50;

butter-fat 2995c; eggs 15c.



Warren Co., March 16.-—Fine open

weather; no snow and very little rain,

and roads dry and in fine condition.

Several hard freezes have done some

damage to wheat and meadows. Clo—

ver seed about all sown, and oat seed-

ing in progress. About half the spring

plowing done. A great amount of tile

put in. All live stock in fair condi-

tion. Roughage is plentiful, but many

are short of grain. Horses are a. lit-

tle cheaper than formerly; few cattle

moving; hogs being marketed freely

at low prices. Wheat $1.50; corn 70c;

cattle $5@6; hogs $6; apples $1 per

bu: potatoes 556 per bu; butter-fat 29c

per lb; eggs plentiful at 15c.



Wisconsin.

. Polk Co., March 15.—Roads break-

mg up and are in rather bad shape.

All clover and fall sown grains ought

to come out in fine shape, as. the fields

have been well covered with snow.

Hundreds of cords of bolts have been.

taken out of the woods this winter.

Cattle are selling at $5; hogs $6.20;

milch cows $60@75; hay $8@10; oats

45c; barley 620: corn on cob 750; eggs

17c; butter 250'.

Kansas.



Trego Co., March 15.—We have had

about 18 inches of snow and some

rain the past three weeks, and some

snow still on the ground, making the

roads almost impassable. Most of the

wheat is in good condition and will

make a good crop with very little

moisture this spring. Plenty of feed

and all kinds of live stock are in good

condition. Not more than five per

cent of last season’s wheat crop on

hand. Farmers are keeping nearly all

thelr corn to feed to stock. Wheat is

bringing $1.35; corn 65c; butter-fat

24c“; eggs 14c.





THE SUCCESS OF' THE FARM DE-

PENDS UPON GOOD SEEDS.





 





You may talk all you please about

good land and cultivation, but the real

success of the farm depends principal-

ly upon the quality of the seeds you

sow. The best cost only a little more,

“Vbe not sow the best?” Our seeds

have been proven to be good for

years. _Why take chances? Ask your

dealer for our-V seeds, and: begun-eyed

get them. Brown Seed Company,

Grand Rapids, Mich—Adv.





 





 





   

 





5’. , ,. . _

pal - , . - ,v’ . v", '

:‘wlflé’Zni‘yg/w, .. 1. .

NJ“; ',- £111!” . ‘

, , .li ‘





7—





' California's

r Expositions

'No‘rthern gacific Ry





and Great Northern Pacific S. 5. Co.

Low round trip fares—liberal stopovers.

Daily transcontinental trains from Chicago.

St. Loni Kansas City, St. Paul or Minne-

apolis to th Pacific Coast Pomts through

the Scenic Highway.



Entoute Stop at.



Wonderful Yellowstone Nahonal Park

Nature's Own World's Exposition

Enter via Gardiner Gateway reached only

b Northern Pacific Ry. View the strange



nomana and unequalled beauty of

wonderland. Personally escorted tours to

and through the Park during the season.

Send It once for free Expositions folder

travel literature, and information an

let. us assist you in planning your 1915

."Made in America" vacation.

A. M. CLELAND, Gen'l Pass. Agent

5” Northern Pacific Ry.

t. Paul. Minn.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Raise Larger Crops





by renaming while

cultivating with the





Pivot- - ‘



. .. m. Cultrvator

. . "5" 5 equipped withtbe



l xi .- ‘2‘ e I' Fe 1. «n. .l l

The Akron Fertilizer Distributor is a new and

exam" feature of the KRAUS. Its use hastens

the sturdy growth of plants, offsets bad weather

conditions and will often nature a. crop that

would otherwise fall.



The KRAUS is controlled entirely by foot lev-

ers; it works so easlly that. a boy can run it allday

wlthout getting tired. Width of. cultivation con-

trolled by lever: high or low wheels: enclosed end

greasecups. Wheels and shove!!! move sidewlso

simultaneously, making it; a.



Pet-fed: hide Worker





. Simple in construction, least number

of parts, greatest adjustability’. All

steel and malleable iron except pole '

piece, singletreas and neck yoke—the

strongest and most. durable cultivator

made. It. will lsstlonger Ind cost less A“

for repairs or per acre of cultivation _ .

than any other. Ask your dealer for tho

“LBS—wept nothing said to be"just

as good." Write usthda for catalog.

TBOAKRONCULTI ATORCO.

Dept» “55km. Ohio





   

 

   





 

   

   

   

   

 

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 





   





 





st Aid to Prosperit





 





are the two 14):» [landfills $1109 on thls the M

Jersey farm; and you can just believe they wouldn't

have been erected had not the owner investigated

their mefltsandverifledallclalma of quality, ambit-

lty. floater convenience and ability to cure and keep

silage prime. New catalog shows construction in de-

4 tall. Send for acopy today and learn how a Unadilla

will bring greater prosperity to your farm. Dis-

count on early cram-3. Agents wanted everywhere.





UNABIIEA SEO 60.. Box 2. Umdilh, New York





 





 





 





 





A FARMER'S GARDEN





vmm

Helps his wife to plan ha table in busy times. Saves work

and worry, saves buyiuz‘sa much meat. gives better sails.

faction. to the help. A good garden will be almost impossi-

ble in your busy life without proper tools» They cost little





“save much hard work.

Ac mm mes

I .





Mill MES





will sow, cum, ridge. barrow. etc, betterthan you can

wflsofl-fishi‘d housed ten times quicker. Ammm.

Haida-doll. Can plaudosuand work these hand

tools while the horses rest. 39 combiuntions

tom which to choose “$2.50 to 312. One

combined-tool will do all oi the work.

Ask your dealer to show them and

write us for booklet. “Gardening

With Modern Tools" It“.
400—24





I'rr‘éIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl|IIIlIIIIIIIIllIIIIII|I|IIllIIIIIlII|IIIIIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII—fl





Markets.





IIIIIIIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII||I|lIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIE

GRAINS AND SEEDS.





March .23. 1915.



Wheat.—There has been considera-

ble fluctuation of prices and the gen-

eral tendency has been downward.

Foreigners are not buying freely. Ac.

tive buying in South America indi-

cates that this country has no more

wheat to spare. An important Rus-

sian success and the probability of

Italy going to war are accepted as

causes for the decline in prices the

last few days. News relating to the

new crop is encouraging, there being

fewer complaints of winter-killing

than usual. Price one year ago for





IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII





%





 





No. 2 red wheat was 983/10. Quota-

tions are as follows:

, No. 2 No. 1



Red. White. May.

Wednesday .. . .1 551/5 1.50% 1.56

Thursday ....... 57 1.52 1.57

Friday 1.57 1.52 1.57

Saturday .. .1.56 1.51 1.56

Monday ........ 1.53 1.48 1.53

’ Tuesday 1.48 1.53





. . .1.53



Corn.——This grain followed wheat in

the decline in prices, although a fair

recovery was made on account of ex-

port sales. Unfavorable weather con-

ditions and light country- offerings

. were favorable to higher prices. One

year ago No. 3 corn was quoted at 67c.

Quotations are as follows:





No. 3 No. 3



Mixed. Yellow.

Wednesday 74% 751/“,

Thursday ........... 5 76

Friday .............. 7 5 lé 76 1,6

Saturday ........... 75 76

Monday ............. 74 75

Tuesday ............ 74 75





Oats—As a result of reports of de-

layed seeding this grain was relative-

ly firm, although the decline in wheat

had some effect on prices. One year

ago standard oats were quoted at





4.2 {/3 c. Quotations for the week are

as follows:

No. 3



Standard. \Vhite.

Wednesday ......... 60 1,6 60

Thursday ........... 61 1A; 60

Friday .............. 62 61 1/g

Saturday ........... 62 61 1/2

Monday ............ 61 60 1/2

Tuesday ............ 61 60 1/2





Rye.——Demand is light and prices

have dropped 1c. The closing bid

was $1.17 for cash No. 2



Beans.——A lifeless situation appears

and prices are 5c lower. Detroit quo-

tations are: Immediate, prompt and

February shipment $2.95; May $3.15.

Chicago trade is quiet with stock in

poor supply. Red kidneys steady. Pea

beans, hand-picked, choice, quoted at

$3.20@3.25; common $3633.15; red

red kidneys, choice, at $3.25@3.75. At

Greenville beans are selling on a $2.70

basis.



Clover Seed—Market is easy and

lower. Prime spot $8.40 per bushel;

March $8.40; prime alsike $8.50.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





 





Flour.—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $7.50; seconds $7.20; straight

$7.00; spring patent $7.80; rye flour

$7.10 per barrel.



Feed.——In 100-1b. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $28; standard middlings

$28; fine middlings $32; coarse corn

meal $30; corn and oat chop $29 per

ton.





Hay.—Quotations are steady. Car-

lots on track at Detroit are: New,

No. 1 timothy $16@16.50; standard

$15@15.50; No. 2, $14@14.50; No. 1

clover and mixed $13@13.50.



Chicago.—Good grades in liberal





supply and in fair demand. Prices are

steady. Choice timothy $16@17; No.

1, $14.50@15.50; No. 2, $13.50@14.



New York.——Steady. Prime $22; No.

1, $21.50; No. 2, $20@20.50.



Straw—Steady. Detroit prices are:

Rye straw $7.50@8; wheat and oat

straw $7@7.50 per ton.



Chicago.——Rye straw $9@10; oat

straw $8@8.50; wheat straw $7.50@8.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





 





Butter.——-Market is easy with ample

supply and moderate demand. Pl'lceS

one cent lower. Extra creamery 26%0;

firsts 241/20; dairy 21c; packing stock

16c per lb.



Chicago—Market is steady at un-

changed prices. Trading is slightly

better than last week. The quotations





ar. Extra creamery 28c; extra

firsts 27@271,éc; firsts 23%@251,éc;

seconds 20@221/2c; packing stock

171/50.





Elgin.—No improvement in the un-

settled conditions prevailing. Price

based on majority of sales is 28c.



Poultry.—Market is firm and prices

a little higher. Live.—Springers 17@

17%0; hens 13@181/éc; ducks 17@





,. ,aswuuz- » w‘ngxwl‘a32





.to be slaughtered here.





 





THE MICHIGAN VFA-RMER»





180; geese 14@15c;

pound. H



Chicago—No notable change in con-

ditions. Market steady and buying is

fairly active. Turkeys 14c; fowls, 11

@15%c; springs 14@16%c; ducks

16c; geese 8@9c.



Eggs.—-Demand continues active

and prices are 10 higher. Fresh stock

sells at 19%,0 per dozen.



Chicago—A firm feeling exists and

prices are higher. Demand is good

and supply fair. Miscellaneous lots,

cases included, 17%@19c; ordinary

firsts 17%@18c; firsts 19c.



Veal.—Quoted steady at 12%@13c

for fancy, and 10@11c for common.



Pork—Market is steady for dressed

hogs, light weights selling atv$8 per

cwt; heavy $7@7.50.





turkeys 20c per





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





 





Apples.—Demand is fair but is not

active enough to please holders.

Quotations: Baldwins $2.25@2.75 per

bbl; Greenings $2.75@3; Spy $3.25@

3.50; Steele Red $3.50; No. 2, 40@500

per bushel. ,



Chicago.-—-Although the demand is

good there is little change in prices.

Storage stocks are gradually diminish-

ing. The prices as here quoted are

for refrigerator stock. Michigan Bald-

wins, $2.25@2.50; eastern, $2.25@2.75;

Kings $2.75@3.25; Greenings $2@2.50;

Northern Spy $2.50@3.50; Western

box apples are selling for 75c@2.75

per box.



Potatoes.—Offerings are liberal and

demand fair. Carlots 35@37c per bu.

At Chicago the market is quiet and

firm. Michigan white, in bulk, are

quoted at 37@45c per bushel; at

Greenville potatoes are quoted as high

as 300 on account of competition be-

tween buyers. Normal market should

be 23@25c.





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.





That the farmers’ supply of saleable

produce is diminishing is indicated by

the decreasing number of wagons at

the market. Apples, many of which

were showing the effects of storage,

sold readily at prices ranging from

35c@$1.10 per bushel. Potatoes 45c;

cabbage 500; pork 9c; eggs 25c; loose

hay selling at prices ruling from $17

@20 per ton.





 





WOOL.





 





Boston.—In spite of limited sales the

past few Weeks, prices are very firm-

ly maintained, and it is conceded that

there will be no recessions from the

present high levels in the near future.

Supplies are rapidly approaching the

vanishing point. Sales are made in

very limited quantities, on account of

the absence of supplies of any magni-

tude. Quotations: Michigan unwash-

ed delaines 33@34c; do. combing 34

@370; do. clothing 26@320.





GRAND RAPIDS.





The egg market opened firm this

week, with dealers paying 16@17c and

selling at 20 higher. Dairy butter con-

tinues at 190. The potato market con-

tinues lifeless, with the price around

20c. Beans are around $2.65@2.75.

Business on the city market wilLstart

in a small way this week, weather per-

mitting, with dealings in parsnips,

vegetable oysters and some of the

held—over vegetables, such as cabbage

and turnips. Under glass home-grown

products now offered include lettuce

at 10c per lb. and radishes at 25c per

dozen. Onions sell in a small way

here at 600 per bushel; cabbage at

50c. Wheat is quoted at $1.47.





 





LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Chicago.

March 22, 1915.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Receipts today..lE,000 33,000 14,000

Same day 1914..14,935 39,963 26,608

Last week ..... 32,227 142,794 57,462

Same wk 1914..36,573 136,480 85,536



Shipments from here last week ag-

gregated 3,558 cattle, 4,364 hogs and

4,908 sheep and lambs, comparing with

17,438 cattle, 38,599 hogs and 17,386

sheep the same week last year. Hogs

received averaged 234 lbs.



Of the cattle receipts today about

11,000 arrived in the free division, but

the shipping demand failed to increase

much, and the market averaged still

lower. Hogs sold freely at steady

prices, while owners of prime lambs

asked higher prices, which buyers

were unwilling to pay.

made of 47 Iowa spring lambs, the

first of the season, at 15c per pound,

their average weight being 50 pounds.



Cattle started off last week with a

better show, as the quarantine was

modified so that cattle could be ship-

ped east through Pennsylvania, a free

area being established in the Chicago

stock yards, in which stock from un-

infected districts could be placed,

these being allowed to go east, while

the cattle in the quarantined area had

Unfortunately

for sellers, eastern shippers contin-





A sale was





ued to make such meager purchases

that the promised outside competition

did not amount to much, and despite

the light receipts, prices developed

fresh weakness, ruling lower all along

the line. Steers sold mostly at $7@

8.25, with inferior to fair steers of

light weight taken at $5.25@7, medi-

um grade steers at $7.10@7.70, good

steers at $7.75@7.95 and choice beeves

of good weight at $8@8.50, a. few sales

being made of prime heavy cattle up

to $8.65. The percentageof heavy

cattle received 'was unusually light,

and demand was mainly for fat year-

lings, a desirable class of these steers

selling at $7.75@8.75, while a sale was

made of six head of superior, selected

821-lb. steers at $9. Butchering cows

and heifers brought $4.70@8, and a

few head of fancy little yearling heif-

ers brought $8.25@8.50, while cutters

went at $4.20@4.65, canners at $3.25

@415 and bulls at $4.25@7. Calves

were active sellers at $9.20@10.50 for

light vealers, with sales all the way

down to $5@7 for ordinary to pretty

good heavy weights. A distinction was

usually made between cattle quaran-

tine and those unquarantined, the

latter being discriminated against by

buyers and selling at a considerable

discount. In the absence of any out-

let for stockers and feeders, killers

bought thin steers on their own terms.

Cattle prices closed largely around

25c lower than a week ago.



Hogs sold during the greater part of

the week better than might have been

expected, for the establishment of a

free area in the stock yards was con-

find to cattle. Hog shipments from

here were too meager to cut any fig-

ure in making prices, and much of the

underlying firmness of prices was due

to good buying of hogs by the yard

speculators. Fluctuations in values

were usually within narrow limits,

with the bulk of the offerings selling

within a narrow range and close to

daily top figures. Average quality was

exceedingly good, and recent receipts

averaged 232 lbs., comparing with 223

lbs. a week earlier, 232 lbs. a year ago

and 238 lbs. two years ago. Prime

hogs of rather light weight were mar-

ket toppers, but pigs sold at a large

discount from prices for matured hogs.

The week closed with hogs selling at

$6.35@6.90, with one sale of prime

light shipping hogs at $6.95. These

are about the prices paid a week ago.

Pigs closed at $5@6.60. '



Sheep and lambs, while continuing

to sell far higher than in nearly all

past years, suffered some sharp de-

clines last week, with city packers do-

ing most of the buying. Receipts were

only moderate in numbers, with lambs

greatly predominating, and Colorado

furnished a good percentage. No large

numbers of either yearlings or sheep

arrived, and for this reason, they were

apt to show smaller reductions in

prices than lambs, with heavy lambs

discriminated against by killers. The

week closed with wooled flocks selling

as follows: Lambs $7.50@10; heavy

lambs, averaging 90 to 100 lbs., $8.60

@965; yearlings $7.75@8.90; wethers

$7.25@8.15; ewes $4.75@8; bucks and

stags $5.75@6.50; shorn lambs

brought $7@8.30.

vHorses were offered last week in

the usual large numbers, and the de-

mand from Great Britain and France

for army horses showed no abatement,

prices remaining firm. Mounts sold

at $145 and artillery horses at $175@

190. Farm horses were wanted at

$125@150, inferior ones selling down

to $100, and farm mares salable at

$150@220, although few went as high

as $200. Commercial horses were

quoted at $190@250.





CROP AND MARKET NOTES.





 





iichigan.



Arenac 00., March 5.——Most of the

snow gone, and weather fine. Wheat,

rye and meadows look good, but the

freezing and thawing is not good for

it. Live stock looks good. Wheat has

declined, selling for $1.25; oats 520;

beans $2.75; hay $10@12; potatoes

slow, and some held for higher prices.



Branch 00., March 4.—No snow and

frost nearly all out of the ground.

Roads dusty. Wheat, rye and mead-

ows looking fine. Live stock in g00d

condition. Farmers have sufficient

feed to carry them through, and some

for market. There were numerous

sales this spring, and goods sell at a

fair price. Farmers are receiving the

following prices: Wheat $1.46; oats

54c; rye $1.13; corn 760; hay. $10@12;

potatoes 25@300; chickens 11c; eggs

20c; butter 25c.





Ohio.



Ashtabula 00., March 8.—Roads are

good, some snow, weather is rather

cold. Sugar bushes about all tapped

and run small but sweet. .The syrup

brings $1 per gallon. Wheat looks

good. Live stock in fair condition.

Hay $12 and not much for sale, seed

oats scarce and high, being 80c; poul-

try 120; eggs 160; dairy butter 28c;

potatoes 30@35c; hogs, live 611m; fat

cattle $5@6; veal $9; milch cows not

so high as last spring. .



- Columbiana .60.,1Mareh 8.—.—Wea_ther





MARCH 27, 1915.





was fine last week, followed by rain .





and snow. Wheat was lookin fine,

but the. present freezingsweat‘ or is

unfavorable. Roads have been fairly

good all winter. Many farmers have

cattle and hogs to market but owing

to the country being quarantined for

foot-and-mouth disease cannot sell

them. Most of the wheat has been

sold, but the price is a little lower.

Oats 62%0; corn 900; hay $15; pota—

toes 35c'; butter 26c; eggs 200.

Pauldmg 00., March 8.—-Weather

fine until the last few days, which

have been windy and stormy. Roads

good for the time of year. Wheat, rye

and meadows look well. Live stock is

looking well, and plenty of feed for

home use. Corn, oats and hay for

sale. Farmers did considerable plow-

ing during February. Not much land

changing hands. Many public sales

and stock sells high. Hens laying well.

Eggs 16c; poultry 11c; butter 22c;

corn 850 per cwt; hay $13; oats 510;





wheat $1.25; hogs $6.25; veal 9c per]





wheat $1.25; hogs'$6.25; veal 9c.

Wisconsin.





Clark 00., March 6.—Roads are in'





bad condition now on account of the

drifts, although we have plenty ,of

snow for sleighing yet. Rye and mead-

ows seem to be wintering fine. There

is plenty of feed in the hands of the

farmers but if they keep selling as

they have been doing the last few

weeks there will be a shortage unless

we get an early Spring. Cattle are in

good shape and farmers are holding

them. Hay, butter and cheese are the

most important products sent to mar-

ket. Hay $11; cheese 14c; butter-fat

300; eggs 20c. Quite a bit of veal is

also being marketed, prices from 11@

14c, dressed.

Indiana.



LaGrange 00., March 4.——There is

no snow on the fields. This cold

weather without snow may injure the

alfalfa and clover. The roads have

dried off and are in excellent shape.

Most of the wheat, rye and meadows

came through the winter so far in ex

cellent shape. Most of the live stock.

especially cattle, does not look very

thrifty on account of the scarcity of

feed. Cattle and horses are selling

cheap at the auction sales. Many

farmers are buying hay and corn.

Some hay, corn, onions and pepper-

mint oil are yet for sale. Hay selling

at $12@14; corn 75c per bu; potatoes

50; eggs 200.



_ Wayne 00., March 4.—We are hav-

ing fine. spring weather, no snow for

some time, and roads are dry and

dusty. A considerable amount of

plowing was done during the latter

part of February. Some farmers are

engaged in making maple syrup.

Wheat and meadows in fine condition.

The usual amount of live stock is on

hand and all in‘ good condition gener-

ally, with plenty of feed in the coun-

try for home use. Hogs $6.50; corn

75@800; wheat $1.35; oats 500; eggs

28c; butter 20c.



_ Noble 00., March 8.—We are hav-

ing very nice weather and the roads

are good, being hard and smooth. The

snow is all gone, but we have had no

very cold Weather, and wheat is in

good condition. A great deal of clo-

verseed is being sowed. Live stock

has come through the winter in good

shape, most farmers having plenty of

feed. Considerable hay and corn is

being marketed. Hay $12; corn 75c;

wheat $1.40; oats 550; fat cattle $5.50

@650; cows $4@6;‘ hogs $6; sheep

$6@7.25; eggs 17c; butter 200.



South Dakota.



Meade 00., March 15.——Snow about

20 inches deep on the level, and drifts

are quite deep. Farmers have plenty

of feed for their live stock, which is

looking fairly good considering the

seyere winter. Farmers are planning

to _sow plenty of small grain this

spring. Hay $5@10; cream 28c; eggs

309; butter 25c; potatoes scarce and

bring 30 per pound.



Kansas.



Smith 60., March 15.—The last of

February we had a fall of snow, which

is now partly gone, and roads are in

bad condition. Spring work is being

held back. A small per cent of the

wheat seems to have been killed out

last fall and during the winter. Pos-

s1bly.15 per cent of the wheat crop is

still in the farmers’ hands. There is

plenty of feed to carry the stock over.

W'heat $1.40; corn 620; eggs 13c; hens

80; hogs $6.10; butter 25c; butter-fat

28c; hay $7@8.





In recent weeks a sudden demand

for large quantities of American lard

for exportation to European countries

has started up, and in one week of

March over 40,000,000 lbs. of lard were

exported. England is the largest pur-

chaser, but liberal amounts are also

headed for France, Holland and the

Scandinavian countries. In other

years Denmark has been a heavy sells

er of lard and cured hog meats to

England, but at present this business

is seriously injured by the blockades.

It is said that Denmark has sold most

of its lard manufactured at home to

Germany, rendering it dependent now

g1: timported lard from the United



a es. '





 





1.9....” 1...... an--.“ . __.__.d'.._ ..





 





’ ' . ffxw ..
.‘.’.Wx4 w-..w..r.,¢z. awn...“ .. . m .. .., an. , , ”tum—W»..- 1.-..-- -- “an o _ n ’u .4”





 





 





MARCH 27, 1915.





DETROIT MARKET CONDITIONS.





, March 18, 1915.

Cattle.





Market dull; prices quoted are

weighed 011? the cars without feed or





water at packing lants. Best heavy

steers $7.50@8; est handy weight

butcher steers $6.50@7 .25 ; mixed





steers and heifers $5.50@6.25; handy

light butchers $5.50@6; light butchers

$5@5.50' best cows $5.50@5.75; butch-

er cow, $4.75@5.25; common cows

$4.25@4.-50; canners $3@4; best heavy

léuélsr$550@5.75; bologna bulls $4.50





Veal Calves.



Market dull. Best $9@9.75; others

$7@8.70.



Sheep and Lambs.



Market steady. Best lambs $9.25;

fair lambs $8.50@9; light to common

lambs $7@8; yearlings $7@7.75; fair

to good sheep $5.50@6; culls and com-

mon $4@5.



\ H098.



Market: $6.90 at the packing plant,

Thursday's shipments for good grades.



The market at the Detroit packing

plants has been about steady with

those of a week ago. On Monday and

Tuesday and Wednesday prices for

hogs was $7 for good grades weighed

off the cars without feed or water; for

Thursday’s shipments that price drop-

ped a dime and $6.90 was top. Sheep

and lambs have not been arriving

very freely and the average prices for

best lambs was $9.25@9.50. Veal

calves have been dull and the bulk of

the good ones brought from $9@9.50.

with an occasional extra fancy ani-

mal at $10.



The yards will be finished by Satur-

day night and again turned over by

the government to the Michigan Cen-

tral and it is expected that they will

open Monday next, but nothing defi-

nite has been decided as yet.



The Railway Company may keep

them closed until April 1, but as yet

no one knows. '



A protest has been filed with both

the Michigan State Railway Commis-

sion and the Federal Interstate Com-

merce Commission against the in-

crease in rates on stock, just made by

the Grand Trunk, Pere Marquette,

Ann Arbor, and Michigan Central and

New York Central lines. The State

Commission has ordered a suspension

of rates for 45 days until a hearing

can be held.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





The frequent fresh restrictions

placed by the various state authori-

ties, as well as by the federal govern-

ment, on the marketing of cattle, hogs

and sheep are working seriously

against the interests of sellers, and it

has been impossible for a long time to

foretell what would happen the next

day. The placing of an embargo by

the state of Pennsylvania on ship-

ments through that state caused

further bad breaks in cattle prices on

the Chicago market recently, and this

induced numerous cattlemen to defer

further shipments to market. Stock-

men are becoming a good deal dis-

couraged by the long time it takes to

rid the country of the foot-and-mouth

disease, but in time this will be ac-

complished and then will come the

long deferred active trade at much

higher prices in all probability, for

there is not the slightest doubt as to

the great shortage of cattle in feeding

districts east of the Missouri river.

Already numerous farmers are plan-

ning how they can best increase feed-

ing operations, while in various quart-

ers a lively demand for high-grade

breeders is witnessed, the call running

on Shorthorns, Herefords and Polled

Angus cattle. It may not be out of

place here to advise farmers to hold

on to their good beef cows and heifers

for breeding purposes, and surely the

farmers will realize the importance of

maturing their calves with beef blood,

for it is going to take years to build

up beef herds to normal proportions

once more. In Texas cows are bring-

ing $75 per head, and sales are report-

ed of 1,500 calves at $30 per head for

delivery in November.





The upward flight of prices for fat

lambs, yearlings, wethers and ewes

has caused surprise to many sheep—

men, although from the very start it

was everywhere known that the coun-

try was seriously short of feeding

stock. At such a time there is no ex-

cuse for marketing thin or half-fat

flocks, and it will pay owners to see

that their lambs are not too heavy

when disposed of, for the demand runs

mainly on prime, fat lambs of medium

weight, the same being true of year-

ling wethers. Colorado sheepmen

were fortunate enough to enter the

winter season with normal holdings,

and they are new marketing them and

reaping the largest profits ever

known.



Wool has been contracted for 25c

per pound to some extent, with some

sheepmen holding for 300.





Men’s Five Acre Contest.

Elizabethtown. Ind. .





G. W. Thompson. Lens. Ind. - - -

Paul Patram. Columbus. 1nd. - - -

David Dunn, Columbus. Ind. a . .





   

 

 

 





The men and boys who secured the highest corn yields in Ohio and Indiana office! contests, ‘during 1914 used





_Swift’s Fertilizers -— Blood, Bone and Tankage Always Win





 





 





 





 

   





Yield per Acro

A1503}; cote" Boys’ One Acre Contest. ShelIed Com

Alger, Ohio. E01110 Champion) . 153.90 bus.

‘ ’ ‘gw3‘gfgu aro - Do- er,Mnyfield.O. Champion CuyahogoCo.) 92.6 bus.

. ""12 bus. Roy N. Friedersdorf, Elizabethtown. Ind. - - - :ll'zagiéillaméau.

7 , Sherman Magnw, Edinburg. Ind. ,o‘ - “,6 0 . 5 us.

' 100.2 bus. f sell Cor 3 Hope, 1nd. ‘ - ‘-: k'f f“: -4. 99.66 bus.

. . 93,035.... Elizabethtown. Ind. . ‘o‘ -, 97.45 bus.





All of the above used Swift’s Fertilizers in securing. the big-profit-making corn yields





 





Swift’s Proved the Best





Norris McHenry tested other fertilizers on

some of his corn. Where Swift's Fertilizer

was used the yield was 112.13 bushels per

acre. the next highest yield from other

fertilizer being 19 bushels less per acre.

Swift's Fertilisers made him n profit of

' about 81 1.40 per acre more than the other

fertilizer.



Even If he received only one bushel corn

increase per acre. with corn worth 60 cents

per bushel and one ton of Swift‘s Ferti-

lizers covering five acres. it menus that

Swift's Fertilizers is worlh $300 per too

more than the next best brand.





42 Bushels of Corn Increase Per Acre





This big increase in yield was secured by

Mr. O.-P. Bourlaud, President. National





 





 





sun. 5 ca., gutuc. 111-. "m 2"- 1915-





'ertnlser Dept...

Chicago.

Genus-om

Ils per your "meat of the 14th loot.

land I” fertilized It a cost of

m ~~r acre sod yielded 15 Manolo. voter-uh

izpd lard yielded 83 bust-lo per sore.

Trusting this Is the iota—lion do-





 

 





 





slfldo I III.

Very 1 r

l

u .DEH‘. cox/rust.

rash fl

lb‘





 





59 Bushels Corn Per Acre Increase





Gordon Reap took the same piece of ground on

which his grandfather raised 38 bushels the year

before and- with the aid of Swift's Fertilizers in-

creased the yield 59 bushels. At 50 cents per

bushel this means a profit of about $22 50 per acre.





It Pays to F ertilize Rich Land





Amett Rose who secured 131 bushels in 1913 with-

out fertilizer, tried Swift's Fertilizers last year

and secured a yield of 153 9 bushels or an increase

of 22 9 bushels of shelled corn per acre.



It is important to promote bet-

HOW to Apply ter root develo mentsothe corn J

plant wrll gather moisture and p ont food from a

wiuer area 200 to 300 lbs. fertilizer should therefore

be applied all over the ground either by broadcast-

ing or drilling in and about 100 to 125 lbs. person:

should be applied along the row through fertilizer

attachment to corn planter,

It is not necessary to buy special fertilizer machin-





 





 





ery to try Swifts Fertilizer. Good results are

obtained by broad casting with a lime spreader or





 





Bank of Pontiac. Illinois. It is not unusual

for farmers to more lllan douhlc their corn

yields by using Swift‘s Fertilizers.



Buy Swift's Fertiliser now. enough (or at

least 5 acres and let it prove what it will

do for you.





SWIFT & COMPANY ,-





 





Valuable Bulletin Free

On request. we will send a valuable bulletin “'00 telling

how to grow more and better corn.

If you esnmt buy Swift's Fertilizer from your local

agent write us direct. Place your order now.





Agents Wanted in Unoccupied Territory.





. Dept. C U. S. Yards -





low down out seeder, end gate seeder or long

box seeder. Broadcasted fertilizer must be worked

well into the soil.



F. J. Wood, Graford. lnd., reports 29 bushels more

com per acre on ground treated with 500 lbs. to

the‘ acre over ground treated with 100 lbs. per acre

~an increased profit of about 150 per cent





. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS





 





 





 





 





 

 





 

 

 

   





Kin.

Smut in





Seed Grain





Who Buys Smut?

Then Why Raise Smut?





“Cu mmer Automatic”

Smut Machine





No Gears, no Cranks, no Conveyors. The

law of avitation is its power. Treats

all grains, including com.





Special Offer for April





Branches at Kansas City, Des Moinee,

Omaha, Minneapolis, Fond du Lac

and F ortuna, N. Dak.



Ask for free circular “Fighting Smut."





CUMMER MFG. CO.,





Cadillac, Michigan.





 





 





M K' I Till-I CHAMPION

0 III 6' Main Crop Potato

Form and color most in demand for market;

white skin; enormous yielder; has record of

12 acres average 400 bu. to acre. Pound

15 cts. postpaid, peck 60 cts., (not prepaid),

bushel SIRS—2% bu. $3.75; 5 bu. $7.00.



Irish Cobbler, best early, peck 40c; bu. $1.25.

Free SEED Catalogue. Write Today



THE W.W. BARIARD 60., Dept. 0,

831-235 Wost Madison 31.. CHICAGO. ILL-





 





Lei us save you time and money

by planning your trip to the





WONDERFUL





CALIFORNIA Exposmous





For he. illustrated Idols and

loll particulars write . A. CAIRNS,

G. P. I T. A., c. a N. W. By, 226

W. Jackson St. Chicago.





 





 





 





Michigan livestock Insurance to.

Capital Slack—$100,000. Surplus—$100,000

Home Office—Charlotte. Michigan.





Only Home Co. in Michigan.





COLON C. LILLIE President.

II. J. WELLS, -:- Secretary-Treasurer.





 





 





 





ADMIRAL PEA SEED—mo, veg, bugs, ..

s



bushel over 5 bushel orders. Bagged-fr}. 18'. B. t i:



city. FRANK KINCH.,Orindstone City, Michigan.





~Position on stock or do farm. b l 19

wanted man with experience. 2 $3."... at. Ms 1“0.

Address Box 0. 8.





 





care Michigan Dormer, Detroit.





“Strawberry Plants Thai Grow”





All the best June and Fall-bearing varieties. Also

beat. Raspberry. Blackberry. Currant and Grape

Plants: As aragus and Rhubarb Roots in assortment.

Our 1915 atnlog tells how you can get. plants of our

Wonderful New lingo Strawberry. “Colnns”

absolutely FREE. Write for it.



C. E. Whitten's Nurseries, Box 14. Bridgman,Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





GASOLINE





 





our FEED—0111 1018 no LESS—garages





Meal Hominy Feed. Don is. Glute .

Middlinge. J. E. Bartlett 0%., Jacksog. M13131“:





Empire Molasses





gust: 33:. on stock quicker and chgoper.





 





P"? Ill - a e

or w r1068 an am“ e

ban 1 13 infield n





   





 





Tractor lor Sale-Huber 15-30 Gasoline Trsotor in

good running order. Btronglybnilt, powerful. Used

about 75 days. Quit larmln . Also have 40-disk

Cutaway Harrow. W. . MA VI . Pontiac. Mich.





ENCIMES





 





2 H. P.—$ 45-00 Other sizes

4 H. P.— 75.00 at propor-

6 "I Ps——' loo-0° tionate

8 H. P.— 1 40.00 prices.





Machinery of all kinds for wood. iron

andtin working. Belting, Pulleys, Shafti ,

Hangers, etc. Contractors Supplies, Bull

ere Material. Bails. Beams. Angles, etc.





RIVERSIDE MACHINERY DEPOT.





 





l I _, u

W. In Common lorchau .$°m2:%.33¥ou'fi.§

Dressed Calves, Pork. Beef. Eggs otatooe. Apples.

Onions always at top market prices.



Write Us—Shlp Us.

Nnumsnn Commission Co. Eastern Market.Detsoit.

Michigan. References. floopies State Bank.





FARMERS—We will pay you the highest

ofllpial Detroit Market quotation

for your; gosh: pod ‘Iltm‘lllto us buy exec-filial???

us or n onus on. w pa '0 .



BUTTER a: CHEESE CO., ypétr'lm. Michigan





—Smnll consignments from pro-

é EGGSsETc- dupers in your territory brin

very attractive prices. Returns day of srriva .

7 Refer to Dun or Bradstreet.





finish Butter 8 Egg 0... 365-59 Greenwich St" New York,N.Y.





Ship your Hay lo Pittsburgh sum



H AV llanisl McCallny 8m Company

Pittsburgh. Pa.



Rel—any bank or Mercantile Agency.



POTATBES—"A —More Money it you





Cousins: to THE E.

L. RICHMOND CO.

Detroit. 21 years in business. Reference your Banker

Hastings. Mioh.. Feb. 23rd. 1915.

N OTIC E.





TO THE MEMBERS AND POLICY HOLDERS 0!’

THE MICHIGAN MUTUAL. TORNADO 0Y-

CLONEd WINDSTORM INSURANCE OOMl’ANY.

01" HASTINGS. MICHIGAN.



Notice is hereby given that there will be a special



81?? 1“: "£1? bicmb‘imfhi'lid if?" i‘” “men“



ya..neiyo as ogan.ono

30th day of March. A. D. 1915. aislo'olock. P. M., for

the purpose of voting upon a. resolution to extend

the corporate ext-tones 0 said company





 





 





for a rlod



of thirty years from the 7th day of April A. $319151.

and if said corporate existence is extended. then also

for the urpooo of passing upon proposed amendments

to the rtioles of Association of said compel: . 3

IE“ . 800.





order of Board of Directors. D. W. R0





 





 





 





 





   

   

   

   

   

   





BuyRoofing notv and

Save Dollars





Send for Catalog Today





Take advantage of the low prices on

this weather-proof roofing.





K





Metal Shingles

"We Pay the Freight"





They resist fire are proof a ainst r



I- a! I

. snow. heat. cold. lightning, an the negd

no repairs because the will wit stand

. rust, Will not crack. buck e, curl nor fall off.





, Buy direct from the factor '. La



; £3:ng q¥§ker anaeasieg thany 3.33

.‘v . . ey can i ‘



, any md of pitch or slant. d on roofs With





’ Send at once for our big catalog .i‘





and lowest prices. Kanncberg Shingles come in 0.





~ single shingles. eight to she t. i O '

. .... ., ... a... .... f0 areas? 2 x “it“

- shows many designs and sizes. o'mfl"

Send for it today and be ' mu

dimensions of roof. We'ustellez'o‘d"... I.“ CO.

- howtogetthe bestrooi at least cost. .0 31$le 3‘

I ”I I





Kenn-berg Roofing & 0.0.3:“ autos u on“

o no





   

   

 

 

 

 





Ceiling Co.

E“. 1335 0

III! MIMI 0

6m“. 0:3." O.‘llsne .............





 





 





 





24-265LAuhin. .DetroibMich.





 





O

o'Addrsu......... .................... .....
6111111111" miss. ”

Doctor at

Veterinary

Science.

Iloctor ot

Iledlclne.





gullet age—die throu

a





 





DR. BESS



STOCK TONIC

A fine tonic for hard-

enlngandconditioning

stock for spring work.

They nee this after

the ong siege of dry

feed all winter. Makes

stock healthy—expels

worms— uaranteed.

25-Ib. pail, 1.oo;1oo-1b.

sack, 85. 00; smaller

packages as low as 500

:.'exce t In Canada, the

i a r e st and the

South).





'DR. HESS

INSTANT

.LOUSE KILLER





Kills IIce on poultry

and all farm stock.

Dust the hens and

chicks with It, sprinkle

it on the roosts, in the

cracks. orii kept In the

dust baththe henswill

distribute it lib., 25c;



. one except in

the or





chick throw them off.





digestion.





 





Canad)aan





 





 





 





 





1k about conservat1gon—t

poultry raisers could save by saving most of these chicks.





Yes, most of them can be saved—saved by starting them on





Dr. Hess Poultry





PAN -A-CE-A





Not a Stimulant. but a 'l‘onlc





right from the very first teed. During my25 years’ experience as a doctor

of medicine, a veterinary scientist and a successful poultry raiser. I dis-

covered that, by usinga certain nerve tonic and appetizer, leg weakness

could be absolutely overcome:

is readily taken up by the blood would cure gapes, by causing the worms

in the windpipe (the cause of gapes) to let go their hold and helping the

By combining these ingredients with bitter

tonics and laxatives, I found that I could control and invigorate the chick.





Save All Your Chicks—Put Stamina

into Them At Babyhood '





The annual loss of young chicks 1n the United States is stag-

gering. More than one-half the yearly hatch die before reaching





gh 1e weakness, gapes and indigestion.

ghink of the millions of dollars that





tnat the use of another certain chemical that





My Poultry Pan-a-ce-a helps put stamina into the chick. strengthens and

cleanses its system and sends it along the road to maturity. hardy and

robust. Most of the biggest poultry farms in the United States. where

chicks are hatched out bv the thousand every day during hatching season.

feed my Pan-a-ce-a regularly.

Dr. Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce- -a is the result of my successful poultry experi-

ence and scientific research in poultry culture—there is no guesswork

about it. Ingredients printed on every package.

r So sure am I that Dr. Bess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a will make your



poultry healthy. make your hens lay. and help your chicks grow



that Inhave told i-llolékdnlcdrtihlt ylour Iran to Isupply y‘all will:



enoug tor your an oesn’ o as say. re 111

W empty packages and get your money back. ‘g

Sold only by reliable dealers whom you know-never peddled.

25c: 5 lbs" 60c; 25- lb pail. 82. 50 (except 1n Canada and the far West.





Sand for my free book that tell: all about Dr. Hera Poultry Parka-coca.





DR. HESS & CLARK -





Now listen to this. '





1% Ibo.





Ashland Ohio





 





 

 

 

 





6&0)“de WI N S





W

in 2 Biggest





6.! Man! k-fitfl'l‘fléig': HATCHI Nc'

CONTEST S





0. Valley Farmer

.0on Ever Held





Musics: ”gym





e i nnaio incuhdtor and haetach

eke.

neto Incubator is

231m





1 strong ch Think outth t.

You can now get tho-o famou-

min-doe!

izod iron .mpfi.°w§i1‘idllockioa

coppgttank, nurseryog egg teat.-





   

 

 

 





 

 

 

 

 





   

   

 

 

 





 

 

 

   





Ironclad Incubator c3. *r '

3011074 Racine, Win. (3 )





Tells why chiCks die





E. J. Reefer. the poultry expert of 653 Main St...

Kansas City Mo. ., is giving away free a valuable

book entitled ‘ White Diarrhoea and How toCure

lt. " This book contains scientific facts on whitediarrhoea

and tells how to prepare a sim ple home solution that cures

this terrible disease over nigh and actuall raises 98



cent of every hatch. All poultry raisers s ould certainly

write Mr. Reefer for one of these valuable E books.





PIIIIIE STATE IIGIIBATOIS





Famous for hatchin nxrchicka6 that. live. Bell-

ablc -economical Ill,“ 89':





 





 





 





 





GREIDER' S Pine CATALOGUE





and calendar oi pure bred poultry, 70 varieties illuunlcd and

dmribed. many in natural colon Perfect guide Io poultry

"inns—lull of tuna Low price; on stock and egg: for hatch-

ing. Incubators and brood en. 22 years in business. You





Build a

" Chicken





lncome v

The first ate





touch with the

have pointed the wa





is to get in

who

to 580,000





others. Let me send you t e book and





show you how on can start with a

small outlay an get a good big in-

come coming your way.





Old Trusty





provides an assured income with big

a v e r a ge \



hatches be whole year ' '* "



around. Write for low



price made by big output



his year. We pay freight



East of Rockies—give 80



to 90 days’ trial—10 year .





guarantee. ' Iii-83:31

5hr this 150- -Egg





s5.1511111111111111





Clay Center, Nobr.



With Brooder $9. 25.

Freigh t; paid. Our DI-

rect rom Factory Plan

. makes these exceedingly low

prices possible. Machine.

fully equipped—all set up

and ready for use.



Write today for circular or

order direct tro

WOLVEsRINEm SALES Co.

Dept. 15 . 71] Delaware

St., Grand Rapids. Mich.





LEARN AU CTIONEERING





at; World' 8 Original and Greatest School and become

independent V th no capital invested. Every branch

of the business taught intl vo weeks. Write today for





Book Today





 





   





Frelg ht

Paid d.





 

 





 





need thu noted book. Send to: lot IWJIL

--uu. (1111;113:1111 :1 ..1i..55,1111££Ms.rA.|





Wisconsin Wins In Big





130 Egg





Incubator

I50 Chick Brooder

BOTH For

‘ freight l'uid



{an-.111 i‘lOfl‘ltbr

181) iiqq incubator

“ " wut’ltti' 31‘





WNW





“Tam. ..... a.





catalog. Jo ones Nat'l. School of Anotio i

aim. Sacramento Blvd.. 01110.30. 111. Carey] 1.333535





Hatching Contests





' wuoout ”11M... won in 1910 1911 1912. 1913 and

1914 in NationulH Thou-undo (machine. com-

potgzg. Cat “1“: tellaallabout tt—and why Wiaooiiaimuewinnora



t cred toga her—





eon-1 amounts: at 0—froight 11.11 m oi lookloa '





Wieoonnina have hot water heat, donblewal and air Igioeobot

double glass doors. copper tanks and boiler-l. in ula wi't‘g’th Nurses?!





shipped comple





I

to tie lam -u , to who t them.

loan H mudniggod in willinfl mpg Bligh-graze”? Rodxwood





Briton





$5.3: swam...





Wisconaln Incubator Co.





Box “2 Racine WI





 





I





pends largely upon feeding and



caring for the early hatched

chicks so that they will develop rap-

idly and be ready to begin laying dur-

ing the late fall or early winter. The

production of winter eggs is one of

the most profitable sources of income

to the farmer, since the prices paid at

that time for fresh eggs are usually

double those that obtain in the spring,

summer and early fall. Though it is

true that the cost of production is

higher, it is equally true that if care

and judgment have been exercised In

rearing and selecting the pullets

which are to be retained for layers,

the proportionate difference is not

sufficient to prohibit one from realiz-

ing a splendid profit.





In order to hatch and rear a uni-

form lot of pullets at a minimum of

expense and labor we begin incuba-

tion about the first of April; setting

a. few hens and starting our ZOO-egg

incubator. As soon as hatching be-

gins We give each hen from 20 to 25

chicks and put them in individual

coops with yards about 5x12 feet, built

so that both coop and yards may be

moved to fresh ground once a week.

With large and comfortable coops the

hens have little trouble hovering the

chicks and a lot of responsibility and

fussing is avoided. While this method

would not prove adaptable to the highly

specialized poultry farm, it serves

our purpose admirably and does away

with the use of brooders and a more

complicated system of feeding the

young chicks.



Rations for Young Chicks.



To insure sanitation and cleanliness

in feeding we have made a number of

little 3x4 feet feeding platforms where





 





 





1





a grain ration of cracked corn, wheat

and rolled oats is fed. Plenty of fresh

water is kept before them at all

times. After the first week or ten

days a mash made up of 100 pounds

of corn meal, 100 pounds of wheat

bran, 50 pounds of middlings, 50

pounds of gluten, 50 pounds of beef

scrap and 10 pounds of salt, 25 pounds

of chick charcoal is made up and fed

to all of the chicks. The feed is thor-

oughly mixed and fed in the same way

as a dry mash to laying hens. After

the chicks are two weeks old sour

skim-milk is fed twice a day. By

feeding the milk sour one avoids the

trouble caused by changes which are

likely to occur when one undertakes





 





 





to feed it sweet at all times during

the summer.





By the time the next hatches are

ready for the yards the first hatches

are moved to larger colony houses and

yards, the coops thoroughly disinfect-

ed and moved to clean ground and

new hens and chicks put into them.

By planning the incubation so that

two lots of chicks of uniform size are

started the work is simplified and

from the combined hatchings we are

able to add 100 to 150 choice pullets

to our flock each year to take the

place of the older hens disposed of

along in the summer. The sale of

cockerels, old hens and pullets that

develop unfavorably usually pays ev-

ery expense incident to renewing the

flock and leaves a surplus to be ad-

ded to the net profit at the end of the

year. The growth of the chicks is

made up, in large part, of waste feeds

and insect life, which is not the case

on the large poultry farm.



Keep Coops Clean.



Young pullets should have clean

houses and plenty of range. One of

the worst mistakes one can make is

to shut them up with a lot of old hens.

Such young birds are sure to become

lousy, unthrifty and diseased at the

very time they should be making rap-

id growth and developing strong, vig-

orous constitutions. By the time they

should be showing reddening combs





and looking about for a place to make-





a nest they are weak, emaciated bun-





\





 





MARCH 27,1915.





Hatching and Developing Pullcts.





UCCESS with farm poultry dew





dles of Skin, bones and feathers.



Properly fed and given clean coops

and abundant range the young pullets

will be fully developed in time to be-

gin laying before cold weather comes.

If they are overtaken by cold weather

before they attain full development it

is difficult to induce them to start lay-

ing before February or March. By

proper management we can bring the

early maturing birds to laying matu-

rity late in October and then by good

care and good food keep them laying

right through the winter months when

ggs are bringing the highest prices.



Separate Cockerels from Pullets.



The pullets will thrive better if

they are separated from the cockerels

when about three months old, the lat-

ter penned up and fattened for mar-

ket. They should be given ample

range, abundant room in the colony

houses and an abundant supply of

grit, oyster shells and charéoal so

that they can help themselves at all

times. Care must be taken to keep

the drinking vessels and feed hoppers

clean and sanita’ry and the food in the

shape of a dry mash should be right

at hand. Cracked grains should be ad-

ded to the mash as soon as the chicks

are capable of handling it. We begin

feeding it when they are about one

month old, but feed only in moderate

quantities until they are three months

old.



\Vhen the pullets begin to show

signs of approaching maturity the ad-

dition of more protein will hasten de-

velopment and give the ration just

the stimulus needed to start them to

laying. As soon as cold weather sets

in they should be removed to the lay-

ing houses, have floors covered with

clean litter, into which is thrown two

feeds a day of scratch food. Straw,

hay, leaves, millet, etc., all make good

litter for the scratching floor. Clean,

comfortable houses, plenty of exercise

and an abundance of well proportion—

ed feedstuffs and pure water are the

essentials of success in getting winter

eggs from the well developed young

pullets.





New York. \V. MILTON KELLY.





 





THE MOTHER HEN AND THE

CHICKS.





 





Not all hens make good mothers,

even though they are of the larger

breeds. It is next to impossible to tell

beforehand, but it is important that

the breeding stock, especially those

intended for sitters and mothers,

should be made tame and amenable

for handling. Such hens will be quiet

when placed with their broods in the

coops. They can be easily moved

when necessary, and the chicks will

naturally grow up tame and easily

handled. The valuable mother is the

one that has made a good hatch, and

that, on removing fiom the nest with

chicks, settles down quietly in the

quarters assigned to her. She may be

a well-meaning hen, but if She flutters

around in her coop ready to fight on

the least provocation she is a. nui-

sance, and another should be substi-

tuted if to be had. .



Provide Good Coop.



A good beginning with rearing

chicks with hens isto have a proper

kind of coop, one with a removable

floor bottom that can be easily clean-

ed and one that can be easily and se-

curely closed at night to guard against

the various kinds of night prowlers

which may come around. The coop

should be tight, so as to remain per-

fectly dry inside in wet weather. It

should have a closed front excepting

an opening about one foot square, in

which is fitted a sliding wire screen

door and also a tight floor if for early

chicks.



The coops should be placed on new

ground, either in a place which has

not been used befoxe or where the





soil has been plowed o_r spaded. I‘





have found that if this precaution to





 





 





 





41"





 





I \.......,,._,.,,, ,
A.





 





 





 





 





MARCH 27, 1915.





THE MI'CHI





GAN FARMER





27—403





 





taken, together with the use of board





floors and proper care, there may be

no fears of any serious results from

gapes. The location should be in a

good-sized yard with grass and some

shade, or else at a little distance from

where the old flock is in the habit of

running. To feed young chicks among

a lot of hungry fowls is provoking, to

say the least. An orchard is an ex-

cellent place to put the coops, as

there they may have plenty of shade

and plenty of range.



Watch the Hens at Hatching Time.



It is advisable to watch the hatch-

ing hens closely when it is about time

for the young to appear, so they may

be removed to a warm place and

wrapped in flannel or cotton until the

hens are ready to come off. If this is

not done and the hatch is uneven, the

mother hen may become restless, and

either trample some of the chicks to

death or leave with some and cause

the remainder to perish. If you have

good coops, as indicated above, the

chicks may be placed there with the

hen as soon as they are all out and

dry andcan walk.



By this time they will begin to pick

around for something to eat. Crumbs

of stale bread may be given for a day

Or two. There are many things rec-

ommended for young chicks, and no

one thing may be said to be best. A

bread may be made by mixing three

parts of corn meal, one part wheat

bran and one part wheat middlings,

baked until it is crumbly, and to

which is added a little hard boiled

egg, is one of the best things for ,the

first few days. After that my chief

reliance has been a prepared chick

food made up of cracked corn and

various kinds of small grains. It is

always ready and handy to feed. Be

careful to avoid overfeeding any kind

of sloppy mixture, as much trouble

has been caused in that way.



A Good Mother Hen Valuable.



After four days, if ground is dry

and there is a warm sunshine, the old

hen may be let out, and allowed to

take a hunt with her brood. With all

your care, there is nothing like a sen-

sible mother hen to look after the

wants of her young. She will scratch

for them faithfully and find just the

kind of grit, small seeds and grass

conducive to the proper development

of the baby bird. With any kind of

foraging ground, supplemented with

good feed, it will be pleasing to see

how bright and smart the young

chicks will be and how they will grow

day by day. «Of course, fresh water

should be supplied them every day.



When the mother hen is first turned

out it is well to look after her and see

that she gets back in her place before

night. She may be found sitting on

her brood in some corner,, but if she

is not wild it will be no trouble to get

her, and in .a night or two she will go

to it of her own accord.



New York. .8. VAN AK'EN.





 





DISTINGUISHING THE GANDER

FROM THE GOOSE.





 





How can I tell the diiference be-

tween male and female geese? Also.

how can I rid cattle of chicken lice?



Benzie Co. L. E.



In selecting the males from females

in geese, the shape ’of the stern may

be an indication of the sex, the fe-

male having a more rounded keel and

am part, while the male cuts off

sharper and a somewhat angular

straight line conformation. If the birds

are seen together, the males are usu-

ally somewhat coarser, having larger

neck and heads and more bulky than

the females. The voice of the two is

somewhat difiemnt, in that the re-

male books with considerable more

volume, more like a shriek or holler.

In a period of laying, the spacing of

the pelvic bones my be an indicator

although very indefinite, but the to-

male in laying should widen between

the pelvic bones while the males are

at all times oompmtiveiy close. _ I

would suggest that Richie“ Farmer





w!) 5-1: :





 





readers secure bulletin No. 64, a U. S.

Department bulletin on ducks and

geese. ‘



One of the best methods of keeping

cattle free from chicken lice is to keep

the poultry quarters clean and use

coal tar disinfectant so that the lice

may not be so numerous as to infest

the cattle. Insect powder dusted well

into the hair or spraying or applying

with a cloth, a solution of sheep dip

or coal tar disinfectant may aid mate—

rially but a thorough application is

necessary as the lice sometimes move

from the territory disinfected to other

parts where none has been applied.



Mich. Ag. Col. J. O. LINTON.





 





POINTS IN BROODER HOUSE CON-

STRUCTION.





 





A neighbor of mine has just erected

a broader-house that, to my mind,

seems well adapted to the needs of

the small poultryman. It seems par—

ticularly desirable for the farmer who

raises a few hundred chicks, either

hatching with the incubator or buying

the so-called day-old birds. The brood-

er is an absolute necessity and if the

chicks are early ones, out-of—door

brooding is not quite the thing. The

man in question lost half his March

chicks last year by trying to brood

them in outside coops. This year he

has constructed a small building, with

one roof slanting towards the north.

The front side, which faces the South.

has a long slant covered with glass

much in the manner of a greenhouse.

This glass comes within four feet of

the ground in front. The whole struc—

ture is built as tight as possible and

papered inside and out. Ventilation

is obtained through openings just un-

der the main roof at the top of the

glass. There is no floor in the build-

ing but the site is so situated that the

drainage is always perfect and the

ground inside the building never gets

wet. Chicks brooded on a floor are

more or less subject to a sort of leg

weakness, therefore the earth seems

to be a necessity. While the snow

still covers the ground this can be

given them only in a building of this

sort.





The hovers are placed in the rear oi"

the building, under the roof and the;





whole front side, under the glass, is

devoted to runs.

are bins for the feed and room to

clean and refill the lamps for the

brooders.





away to the depth of a foot and fine

chicken wire put down, the earth af-

terwards being put back. It was de-





cided to do this rather than put in a

concrete floor, partly on account of;

the lesser cost and partly from the

it was believed the real‘





f IyI-‘reeBoek “11:11am; Fae "





fact- that

earth would be better than a mere

covering upon the concrete.



N. H. CHAS. ‘H. CHESLEY.





'POU LTRY ‘N O'T-E'S.





 





Little chicks should not be fed too'fi

If the. heat is kept just right"

most any kind of sound food will do to ' mm-





SDOD.





feed the chicks. Any of the chick

foods on the market are good if one

has not had any experience in feeding

chicks. Give them occasionally a feed

of green food, also a little meat

scraps. And always it should be borne

in mind that exercise is the only meth-

od to develop muscle and make a

strong, healthy chick.



Chickens do not need coddling. All

they require is plenty of sunshine,

exercise, wholesome food and fresh

air.



The keeping of poultry will prove a

profitable side-line for the dairy farm

as skim-milk is a valuable egg-food.



Indiana. T. Z. RICKEY.





The most successful method offight-

ing foul brood was by educating the

beekeepers to the fact that a healthy

apiary meant more honey and increas-

ed profits, while the opposite is true





when diseases gets into the bee yard.





Back of the hovers





To avoid against the pres-' ‘

ence of rats the earth was first dug "





Read my Bookr





See my Prices-

Beforeyou buyany





   

 





 

   

   

   

   

   

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Wemm, merflveanmtlll 9'!qu

aoodurvtccto 8. A. Stone, Chiuicoflw,flo.





W





Kerosene, Gasoline I: Go.

Youeannowown ammo“

less than you can without one.





LOOK A 1' THESE PRICES!

3 M. m I I-P. “9.756 6 I-P. $91.15;

N, ”$139.65: 13 34’. 8219. 90;

I: ll-P. 8298.80: 22 lI-l’.$399.155.‘meil

$36011 eryHPoz-tabie skidded and Sawrlgdy‘les

Standard for 27 years. Why pay two priceso for “wing

chances





goodsn our one. poor-,0:

orony kindm of a price when the dfiI'ITTE

eolilx‘leuadea unable m.





lIB____E____IIAI. §_____-IEIIII GIIIIIIAIT‘I.





Easy ems 0 mt. at mularprtoce,

#1014 T’twfisfi opavall cash.





Book Free"... G“ "“1 m“°“..‘-;°§3$°





engine. Costs nothing be sure



of our selection,e even 1! you don’t

pic :1 WI TTE. Learn the inside

{the engine business and



inee for yourself.



me dJust: yourN addres so





and eaBest BenOder-my by return mail.





Ell. m. WIIIOII‘DII Works,

mum-din. Museum. In.





 





   





 





 





 





TOOTl-l THAT DOES

THE BUSINESS

Itactually cuts Makesaflner

out than any other Harrow, and

Pull the Wide. Upper 11 ace gives Cul-

Elther tlvator Action. For Slantlng Cut,



way hitch totheotherend.

PULVERIZES PERFECTLY

I The kind of Harrow Mg‘gi haveRS alwaysL wanted

0 ”S. r411

Simple—Simon —Everlnstlng. an 'tget onto or er

WRITE NONE for further particulars of this Time





     





ef‘m": $§$€°£ . Mrn’flfl/

QW'nSI) W ave a _ ”’7’,

_ wfislaiplromsltion 1/ //, w/I /





 





 





The Wedding Co., Box I’, Defiance, 0.





   





. l





, MRS W‘ILLI 4 ROUGH. Pine ('rest Farm.





 





 





30, Wflhickfiot Till-5 '





From best heavy laying strains of Poultry. Chicks

only 8 cents each and up. Buy your Chicks. Its the

only cure way of getting a satisfactory hutch every-

time. Myboo klet No. 2 sent to any address. Free

upon request.





I. B. FRONTZ,





Route No. 2, :-: McAIisterviIIe, Pa.





ABY C‘HX AND DUCKLINOS. W bite and Brown



Leghorns $8 per ml). Barred Boo ks 810 per 100.



White Wyandottea 810 per 100. Bull Ducks 81-5 per $100.

J08. NEUMAN. Dorr. Michigan.





COCKERELS G: PU L 1‘5 . .

”FF LEEIIIIIIII Best. of breedin malt IEyers 52m”

81. 50 per 15.1): William A. Smith, $etersburg Mich.





I703 SALE, I. C. BRIDWN lliGflIIIIN





eggs and day old chi(k.e Also Mammoth Pekin

duokeus OLAUDIA BE'ITS. EilIedale. Michigan.





BAIIiIIIIEII PLYIIIIITII IIIIIIKS





..:- Strain. " bllsnod in



Winner oi 11 first prizes 31. Chicago. Cincinnati and

Indianapolis in two years 3011 line Cookerole. some

good 00:: ok birds. hens and pullets in any number. All

stock shippoddubjoctE toap royal. Prices reasonable.

Write your wants. G. cover. B. ’I. Matthewglnd.





Eggs for Hatching mm.“



Barred and White Rocks. Winner: at But tle

Crook Three Rivers. Union City and Mich State lair.

River-view Poultry Farm. Box 798. Union City. Mich.





E668 FOR HIIBHIIG”§’§&B ‘ firfih'f's. hf:

bursa. White Holland Turkeys. W its Runner Ducks.

Catalog froe.Rive1-vlew Farm, R. No. B, VassarJfiich.





m‘ I" std—African gee-a. Turkeys, Ind Runner

1 ducks Pearl guinea. 1:1. as. o. 11 I.

Roda. W. Ply 11017de S.L. 'aandobhe meaAPoIand Chins





swine.Pr1ne winners. Best egg) In) kind ’2 per setting.W1-ito

for quantmeeand smelt FrenchF. kl”. Forms.i.11din¢tou.Mich





RUFF ROCKS 3 out of 4 Fl rote Chicago 1914.

’ Eggs 8411; utility 331115 $2 80151 ..

..O 3qu iLeghorna. heavy layers .3135!)





100 00: ingtons $5 15. Catalogue.

BIRD 8BILAWINIIFARM. Box D, Lawrence. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





from prize-





EGGS for hatching. from pure Toulouse geese. ten

for $1." 15 Also 11va anders for sale at $3 each.

MRS. AMY SOUTH ORTH. Allen. Michigan.





’ —We can fill some more

WIIIIE LEEIIOIIII CHICKS ordersforApx-il Maydnd

Juno delivery. Order now. April 512 peer 00 Ma

Eggs for hatching March and April .6

per-1m. Maoy an Juno$5 Sltisfaction guaranteed.

H. B. BRACKNEY & SON. Clayton. Miehi can.





-—Fine cooker-



S. C. R. I. R EDS .1, m .3...

A. B. GRAHAM. FLINT. MICHIGA



RHODE ISLAND REDS. Cookerels 32 to 55:15E288



9. PI) month For k 1- 'OOIKPI‘SIB 5 to 121m... according



to use 8‘}. to 35 bone" 1 to 9% lbs. according to z1ge;15



1:11:32 Tom ’l‘urkms 8 to 88 lbs. according to a e: 58



top: 10 eggs 8-1. A. E. ORAMTUN. Vassar ' ich.





ms mKs—PuIIet/soo $2. ”93%;! with the kick in

by chicks 100 $18.

W. 0. COLEMAN R. No. 6. Benton Harbor. Mich.

B‘mn “WK; eggsk for hatching. from full blood

it. $1.50 per 13. 810 per 100.

J A. BARNUM, Union City. [Michigan.





1 Pine Grelehilc Drpinglonsffifiieéfii‘l 133%?“ 2333.





Catalogue on request.





from heavy laying strain.

Royal Oak Michigan.





 





 





ngn“ Lnrwn





. Silbef’ldfifl





Study the ensilage cutter problem

imam eveiy name—speed. durability. safety. <





saving of power. The more you learn. the ‘

more you 'll agree that "the Light Running .

Silbcrzahn" is best of all. Has the strongest





built inane. throat and blower that never clog. best

knife adjustment, positive safety device and other

valuable features found I11 I10 when

incoming and woof.





 





 





"tells how 1111mm do make big hetehcei

make big money with Belle City batching

outfits. 'Ilalls bow user-I won mom

W01: d’s Championships' in 1914,1nn'kinz 1





. 1 Egg? 21% womo's

Write today for this .great; Free 303981331113:





 





ufltryRaieara.





 





nmlcoku'l. ar

fargold ohm. Jim Ruben, Pres.





rite coda . -

. Biz Beautiful hen hatched farm raised Ringlet Barred Bock;





 





 





' Ion-Teal '

Bolloflty Incubator c... Box 14, Racine. “It.





 





.BRED-‘Ifl-UY —Bmad Plymouth Bucks.





NATIONAL” CONTEST WINNERS.





Lorin; Con; Instm on

” ”mini“ 1......

goodly! related stock at 310 per 00. Day- olf-ohioke





115

THE TOWNLINE FARM. KNOWLES 81205..

We" R. F. .No. 3. Azeiln. Mlc’hlm.





 





HEP WANDDTTES, $1.25 15 EGGS.





Within!) BMWAY. Homer. Ml “'





 





—B. 0. White Keller-strum. Specially ace.

m lanai} hit. them “stock "grout

mink. E. Thompson. Redford. Michigan.





 





WIIIIe Holland TIIRIIEYSIEE {"33 .I‘o°&"l‘11





exp-fume. '1‘. B. l E. H. MoDoneEh’. Burt. Mich.

ac. WW gm: {same

new” 051:!- bmoa Mlxmmm





~..-





 





 





 





_ perm. A Franklin Smitrh pf“





5 .Iemd l’lymulh flocks 1%.??? 331% ‘35.! §i°fe§§L°3





liable prices.





 





 





"has 'ylndIIII. Eggs“ from utility It sglendid lagers gé





L’Arbor Eidhigan.





 





 





OSTRANDER BROS.. Morley. Mich



- 'hIIeWaMIO —-Bred-To-WLIA&01.SSFggs ’2 per 15;

1100.1- 111 ronLriu 111351011. mm. 111811.



, 4- “at“ Eggs ‘1 for 15.51.75 to:

”MI.“ IIIIUII. c d3- 30 my too best pone ‘53





50140.3 form. DAVID RAY Ypsilanti, Michigan.





 





Seldom approval. Ckls. and females 52 to 3.1 each. Bieediu





pomb females and male 510.(irculars.Jol1n Forthou, Clare. Mich.

' B locks.



RIVER KATSIH POULTRY FARM.”

1 ‘Fnr file—Mammoth White Holland buggy bons-





 





pch In 1. MI, White w

luff Orpmnonn White Wvundones, also Ian-

Dmdce. Hid!





each

$1.0.





Ian

8. 0. BAILEY, 5. Montague, Michigan





'm man—Parks. mil-egg strain. A'IIo Wag

attain Single Comb Wh1te Leghorn.-

1.50 .pu' cutting. FxodAs filing. Whine. Mich.





 





 





BIT lot Barred Rock Cochoreh. lids of uality.

years the stanlud. 53 o-piooo 35 or two.

PLAT 1ItEW 8100K “FAB M. Romeo. Michigan.





 





' Rhoda Island Bed Eggs. flit) 15

gece&81cI Isoatfiaid; ”Eyerlhflbyexpross. gm

m" NIE B ELL Ann Arbor. Mich.

III” WWI-3.331, (All xmrchictice.) I! gee lorhatubdng

ommm roUL'rnv BabeA’BDS 3.15%}...“111

—Ohloko-s. duck!» gem, vt k

is -M‘ Mud dogs. 8m mammeI:

Hmong-“031:“. I. .A. SOUDF-R. Box 55.50110:an PA.

M: We ship thousands. different Varieties. prioel

ultra HM:- 1:113:me he.

coupon Hnbobcry. Boxn. Fromm. mu.





 





 





 





 





SI'Lm “QED m and WHITE VI" ANm—A ‘fino

10% all White compels flicking 8 to 8 lbs. It 3! nod 33

Bmwnhu'l Wymdottc Farm. Portland, m’ igan.





 





each

8. 0. “doughnut—”W mm 3233351,, “3“"!





eggs 8! peril”. Also White Pekln Ducks I 1and

duckling; Sunnybrook Bonita-y FomKi-l Iioh.





Itc P. Rocks. Pokln and white runner ducks.

White guinea '3” sound day oldduoke and ducks.

.HOSTE ER. St. Johns. Michigan.





W rod

11111.11ng firIIld-flllick. 11:33:33.3; “£51

but!“ mail! our caribou: MAPLE CITY

”ULTRY PLANT. Box C. Carl-13:10:13. Mich“...





—Gumntccdpcdigreed took. her

“in: ? ode flammable. Wrize us her

spa-loos. fitni’tol'u Rabb‘rtry. North Lewisbnxr. 0.

DOGS.

410mm Mecca

[W film pm, Puniol.





W.E. MY.

£21. COON AND MIMI-101m

ke to and field. - Ideas Baht. Fox and

“dearest W a...

Search Collies For sue-gagged mg}: 3

W101? k. Ono Inc-co unequal-dud

AVG“. muse-n. Mom.





 





 





hound

Goad
«mm ”mg...”





 

 





 





 





 





BUSH AND BOG PLOW





does work no other machine can do.





it cuts down bushes, demolishes bogs,

and does all kinds of hard plowing and disking.

It is big. and strong and withstands terrific





strain. Ask your dealer about _it. If he doesn't

sell CUTAWAY (CLARK) implements, write us

at once for free catalog. There are no substitutes.

THE CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY

linker of the original CLARK disk borrow: and plows

593 MAIN STREET HIGGANUM, CONN.





 

 

 

 

 

 





Weight 660 pounds





24-inch disks

jargcd sharp





F our-horse hilch





Dust-proof hard-

wood bearings





‘ I _-u.».!r





 





 





Free BookWorth

Money toYou

\





Write this very day for my

buggy bargain book. Every

page a gold mine for the

shrewd buggy buyer. Tells

.‘ how I make my



famous "Blue

Grass” buggies

. ' and how I htest them.



1: veseve B a e. e.“



y holstenngrgtc..l:na;1thable?





Right from Factory

Save $25 to $50





I quote low prices that make you

cusp. Right span; from factory

to you. No dealers or middlemen ~-

to profit at our expense. This

beautiful ca 02 myonly salesman. w‘

Untlmltod Guarantee.

8 .000 loud

Good as ion as you have my .

bum. ro- ay road test. 7 """

Send me a postal today. ‘ '





Do T. BOHON,

2045 Mala 3L.

rfllarrodslmrs. Kr. -





     

 

 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

 

 





 

 

   

   

 

   

 

   

 

 

   





 

 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER'





llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflllllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIll.lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllla





Practical





ElllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllIlIIllllllllIlIlllllllllIlllllIllll|lIllllllllillllllllllllll





THE MOSQUITO NUISANCE IN THE

HOME.





 





BY FLOYD w. ROBISON.



Michigan Was Once a Malaria State.



In the early history of the state, it

was extensively known as a malaria

center like many of the low countries

bordering on the important water-

ways. In this manner, therefore, the

public began to connect persistent fev-

ers of the malarial type with faulty

drainage and stagnant water. Cer-

tain of our prominent men began early

to preach to farmers and to the public

generally in the state the great im-

portance of drainage, not only as to

its far reaching influence upon agri-

culture itself but the great influence

of drainage upon the health of the

public generally. Malarial fever is

very generally reduced in this state at

the present time, although it is not ab~

solutely eradicated. The early advo-

cates of thorough and systematic

drainage little dreamed as to the ex-

act reason why stagnant water and

low undrained marshes were so con-

ducive to the development of diseases

of the malarial type. It remained for

scientists a little later to discover that

the chief cause of the development of

malaria from such sources was

through the growth and activity of an

insect pest, the mosquito, which thriv-

ed under the conditions above out-

lined.



The Mosquito and Yellow Fever.



About that same time other'serious

crimes were laid at the door of the

mosquito. The great scOurge of the

tropical ”countries, particularly the

“Test Indies and the countries sur-

rounding and adjacent to New Orleans

was yellow fever, and it was discov-





 





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azette. It is the big stock farm

weekly, well printed and splendid-

ly illustrated, that tells how success-





ful farmers run their farms and make

their money. Just the sort of farm paper

you would like your boys and girls to

read. $1 a year. Copy free for asking.





Till BREEDER’S GAZETTE

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When writing advertisers please"





ered that the mosquito was the chief

source of this dreadful disease. A

certain type of mosquito which acted

as host for the development of these

organismsproductive of yellow fever

Was found to breed extensively and

almost exclusively in stagnant water

in'countries poorly drained or subject

to frequent overflows. '



The war against yellow fever, there-

fore, was a war against stagnant wa-

ter and in favor of efficient drainage,

in this way working to the benefit. of

man and agriculture together.



With the possible exception of the

fly, we can think of no group of in-

sects which have had a more detri-

mental infiuence on mankind than

have mosquitoes, and yet in spite of





all this it is by no means rare to find,





now on otherwise quite up to date

farms numerous breeding Spots for

these pests of humanity.

Mosquitoes Are Carriers of infection.



Mosquitoes pass through several

stages before they become adult wing-

ed insects. The stages preceding the

winged stage are spent entirely in the

water, and in stagnant water. It has

seemed that mosquitoes breed as well

in long grass and in thick vegetation

but apparently this has been thor-

oughly investigated and in the opinion

of prominent entomologists vegetation

serves as a hiding place only for the

adults, and the breeding and propaga-

tion takes place solely in quiet water.



There is apparently no reason for

feeling alarmed over the introduction

of yellow fever into Michigan but ma-

larial fever is still with us to some

extent but that is not the only dan-

gerous possibility from the mosquito

nuisance. As these insects attack man

the possibility of carrying infection

from one individual to another is very

great and we think there is little doubt

that disease is in this manner carried

from one person to another.



The common mosquito deposits her

eggs on the surface of stagnant wa-

ter, in small pools or pockets, or in





 





mention The Michigan Farmer.





larger undrained areas, during the'





"Hill"!





Science.





llllllllllllIllllIllllllllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllg





night. These eggs are deposited in

masses of several hundreds and look

while enmasse on the surface of the

water not greatly unlike a small sec-

tion of honey comb, although much

smaller in segment. When these hatch,

as they speedily do, the little wrigglers

which most of us are so familiar with

as found in rain barrels about the

house, are the first stage following the

egg. Little did we realize that these

wrigglers which have been so common

in the large rain barrel under the

cave trough were the immediate pro-

genitors of mosquitoes else some ef-

fort would have been made. to prevent

their propagation. Following the life of

the wriggler comes the pupa stage,

which immediately precedes the adult

winged insect.



How annoying mosquitoes are, even

though we look at them only from this

standpoint, can surely be appreciated

by all. Surely one single mosquito

can make life unbearable throughout

the night. When, coupled with this

we think of the danger of infection

through the mosquito as a carrier of

disease, then we begin to feel that

some strong urgent measures should

be taken to rid the farm and the home

of this pest.



Methods of Fighting the Mosquito.



As we may naturally suppose, the

first and most efficient remedy is thor-

ough drainage of the premises and as



these insects in swarms are borne



.lightly upon the wind in a summer

evening, it may be readily seen that it

is quite imperative that'not only

should one’s own premises be drain~

ed, but his neighbor’s likewise. file

see no reason why communities should

not band together for their mutual

protection in removing the breeding

places of mosquitoes. In those sec-

tions where drainage is impossible or

not feasible, the next method of attack

:is to so treat the'water that the eggs.

:w'il‘l not“ hatch and the young Wrig-

‘glers or paupa will no reachthe adult

stage. This may be done by spread-

'ing kerosene oil on the surface of ‘the

water. A small amount of oil will

cover a large area in this way and as

it spreads out to a thin film where it

strikes the water it will reach into

every nook and crevice and prevent

’the development of the immature mos-

quito. In the home after the above

treatment has been followed the re



pelling of the adult insect is largely



a matter of properly screening the

house. _ .



During the outbreak of yellow fever

in New Orleans in 1906 equal parts of

’camphor gum and crude carbOlic acid

crystals were mixed and moderately

heated in the home, in this way giving

off a vapor which proved very de-

structive to adult mosquitoes. Much

the same result was obtained with py-

rethum powder, but the carbolic acid-

camphor mixture proved more effi-

cient.



Getting Rid of Mosquitoes Means a



Clean-up Campaign.



Probably a careful attention to the

removal of sources in which mosqui-

toes breed, together with efficient

screening of the home, will accom-

plish successfully the eradiation of

this pest and will be found much more

satisfactory than the use of fumigants

such as we have described. Very fre-

quently an abundance of refuse, old

pans, etc., around the buildings on a

farm are found to be prolific breeding

places for mosquitoes. These become

filled with water and remain for sev-

eral days, giving ample time for the

hatching of the eggs and the matur-

ing of the young insects.



As in other cases of disease produc-

tion and infection, it will be seen that

the fight against mosquitoes is a fight



.in the interests of cleanliness and

sanitation. When scrupulous cleanli-





lllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





MA'k'EH 27, 1915.





ness is observed, where no stagnant

water or pools are allowed, where no

refuse is allowed about and where a.

community’s interest in these import-

ant topics is manifested, that commu-

nity will be free from the mosquito

nuisance.



We are in the habit of thinking that

the enemies of man, such as insects,

fungus diseases, and the like, thrive

and reproduce with a much greater

degree of perfection than do the

things man specifically cultivates. We

frequently bear it stated that it is

very difficult and requires untiring

energy to secure a crop of a desired

vegetable or cereal, whereas if eternal

vigilance is not observed weeds crowd

in and without any care whatsoever

thrive much more abundantly than

does the crop we are striving to grow.

As a matter of fact. while this may

seem to be the case, almost e:’.actly

the opposite is really true for the in-

sect enemies and the fungus enemies

of weeds and the diseases of plant

crops are very, very great. The per-

centage of mortality among weed

seeds is very high, very much higher

than among our cultivated grains.

This is so well recognized that in cer-

tain fungus diseases the parasites

which normally grow and develop on

these fungi are actually encouraged

and do effective work in eradicating

the enemy. So it is even with mos-

quitoes.



Minnow Natural Enemy of Mosquito.



There are many natural enemies of

the mosquito. There is an especial

kind of fish which, if placed in ponds

and streams of water will quite effec-

tively rid it of mosquitoes’ eggs and

the young wrigglers, and the stocking

of pools which it may not be consid-

ered desirable to treat as suggested

with similar fish, affords one very

practical solution of the mosquito dif-

ficulty. A test was made in Minne-

sota and it was found that the Shiner,

the little blunt-nosed minnow which

is so common to every boy, ate 93

mosquito wrigglers every five hours,

and seemed to attack these larvae

greedily, showing a preference over

other forms of food. It has been known

for some time that many of the small~

er minnows and the little stickle-

backs have been active enemies of

the mosquito and this knowledge has

been turned to very good advantage

in the fighting of these pests.



Here is a Job for the Boys on the



Farm—One Worth While.





The time to begin the destroying of

mosquitoes is really in the spring and

this is a very fine piece of work to be

entrusted to the boys on the farm to

show what they can do toward ridding

the community of this great nuisance.

Let the boys in a community get to-

gether, those who live on adjacent

farms, and by discussing and planning

this work, see if much cannot be done

druing the coming summer to make

life more worth living, because of the

eradication of the mosquito nuisance

upon the farm. This may well go

hand in hand in the early spring with

the removal likewise of the fly nuis-

ance, which We will discuss in some

detail in a later issue.





KEEP GREASE FROM RUBBER.





 





The worst enemy of rubber is

grease or oil. The oil or grease in

leather is harmful to rubber and your

boots should touch leather as little

as possible.



Heat is also very injurious to rub-

ber. Never warm your boots over a

fire that is too hot and never put

them on a stove if you want to dry

them. It’s better for the boots to take

them off and warm your _feet.



Rubber footwear should be hung up

when not in use. Hanging up a. pair

of boots gives it much longer life.



Use is good for good rubber. A lit-

tle work keeps it from getting stiff

and hard.



Fresh water is not harmful to rub-

ber. Rubber boots should be kept

clean of dirt, spots, etc. Just wash

thedirt off] It’s worth while. '



These hints were gleaned from a

little booklet, “More Days’ Wear,”





which is given away by the Misha-'





wake Woolen Mfg Co.. or Mlshawaka,

Indiana. '
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





 





MARCH 21. 1915.



El"IlIIIIIIlllllllIllllHlltfllllflilllll|lIlII|ll|IllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllIlllMlllfllllllllllllllflllll|lllfl§ié

s: - e

e Grange. g

EnmmmImmlmummIImumunnnnnmnnnmmnmmummmIummuumuuumumfi





NOTES FROM STATE EXECUTIVE

COMMITTEE MEETINGS.





 





(Continued from last week).



The secretary was instructed to

write Congressman David J. Lewxs,

assuring him that the executive com-

mittee pledges him its loyal support

in his efforts for government owner-

ship of telegraph and telephone lines.



Most of the members, at this session

of the committee, also participated in

a conference of deputies from south

ern Michigan, conducted by Master

Ketcham.



At a meeting of the committee, held

January 29, the Master asked for an

expression of opinion regarding estab-

lishing “Standard Grangesz" and, as

a result of the-discussion of the sub-

ject, was authorized to make a rea-

sonable expenditure of money in offer-

ing a Standard Grange plan.



The chairman reported he had se-

cured the co—operation of the Univer-

sity in testing wire' fence galvanizing

in an effort to standardize the fencing

made in Michigan.



The following resolution presented

by the chairman was adopted:



“Whereas, but a small per cent of

country children can or do enter high

school and the opportunities offered

them in the country district schools

being limited to the passing of the

eighth grade, and,



“Whereas, said eighth grade is us-

ually completed by students at from

12 to 14 years of age, while the lainr

requires them. to attend school until

16 years of age or until completing

the eighth grade, thus forcing a Condi-

tion of inconsistency and hardship up-

on a very large majority of country

children and parents,



“Therefore, Resolved by the execu-

tive committee of the State Grange

that we favor and urge upon the Leg-

islature such amending of the school

laws pertaining to the grading of the

courses of study in district schools as

will add the ninth and tenth grades

thereto, and thus more fully perform

that duty which an educational system

owes to that great mass of country

children who, for various reasons can-

not, and in actual practice do not, go

on to attend high school as seems to

have been anticipated in the system

as now applied.”



On February 2 the committee met in

conference with members of the Leg-

islature. About 20 Grange members

of the Senate and House accepted the

committee’s invitation to attend this

conference, besides several visiting

patrons.



Master Ketcham who, in the ab-

sence of the chairman called the

meeting to order and presided, stated

that the purpose of the gathering was

to call 'forth a free and informal dis-

cussion of the merits and demerits of

a few of the measures in which the

Grange is, or should be, particularly

interested; also, to decide whether or

not it is advisable that they be urged

during this session of the Legislature.



After some little consideration of

the two measures for which initiative

petitions were circulated last fall.

namely, the Torrens system of land

transfers and the tonnage tax meas-

ure, it was agreed to be at present ad-

visable to work for the passage into

law of the former, rather than to urge

both upon the Legislature. The prin-

ciple of the Torrens system of land

transfers met with unanimous ap-

proval. " .



A proposed amendment to the high-

way law, SO as to repeal the double

reward on trunk lines, was discussed

at some length and both advantages

and objections were entertained. The

subject was commended for further

study. .. _



The market commission bill was

outlined and briefly discussed by its





author. Representative Wells, of Cass





 





wunty. .A number of questions were

asked and answered by Mr. Wells.

This bill was spoken of by several

speakers as the most vital to farming

interests of any measure likely to

come before the Legislature of 1915.

The law-makers present were assured

of the Grange’s earnest assistance in

enacting a law which should cover

principles of this bill.



Sentiment of the meeting was prac-

tically unanimous upon the desirabil-

ity of amending the present primary

law so as to separate the ballots.



Several gentlemen advooated a

change in the mortgage tax law but,

after discussion, the sentiment seem—

ed to prevail in favor of no change.



Representative Follett outlined a

bill that he planned soon to introduce,

to provide for the establishment of

short-term prisons to crush limestone

for agricultural purposes.



JENNIE BUELL.





AMONG THE LIVE GRANGES.





 





Benzie Pomona Grange Meeting was

held with the Inland Grange, March

1-0-11. As so many had to stay until

evening trains could take them to

their homes, a session was held-in

the afternoon of Thursday and every

minute was full of interest. State

Master Ketchani, or some deputy, was

expected but they did not put in an

appearance, and others filled in the

time. Benzie county is full of live

grangers who know how to have a

good time. Their next meeting will

be held with Cherry Grange, near

Frankfort, the first Wednesday and

Thursday in June—Mrs. J. W. D.





COMING EVEES.





 





Wayne County Pomona will meet

with Huron Valley Grange at New

Boston, Saturday, March 27. N. P.

Hull will be state speaker.



April second and third will be big

Grange days at Sturgis. A lecturer’s

conference will be held April 2 and

Mrs. Dora H. Stockman, state lectur-

er, will be present. On April 3 State

Master Ketcham will address the

meeting.





EllllllllllIlllllllllllllfllllllIUHHHIHIHIllllllillllllllI"lllllllflllllillllll”NUlllllllllmlUllHlUlillilp’]





Farmers’ Clubs





EmmiqummIImnnmmuuImmmuuHum[umutumuumumummmmrmmmwumm‘

OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSO-

CIATION OF FARMERS’ CLUBS.





President—R. J. Robb, Mason.



Vice-president—C. J. Reed, Spring

Arbor.



Secretary and Treasurer—Mrs. J. S.

Brown, Howell.



Directors—Alfred Allen, Mason; Jos-

eph Harmon, Battle Creek; C. B. Scul-

ly, Almont; C. T. Hamline, Alma: W.

K. Crafts, Grass Lake; Edward Burke,

St. Johns.



Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown, Howell, Mich.





Illlllllll





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l





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Associational Motto:



“The skillful hand with cultured

mind is the farmer’s most valuable

asset.”





 





Aosociational Sentiment:

“The Farmer: He garners from the

soil the primal wealth of nations.”





CLUB onscussnous. .





The State and the State Fain—Ray

Farmers' Club held its March meet-

ing at the home of Mr. and Mrs. H.

Livermore. There were about 55 pres-

ent, who did ample justice to the

bounteous dinner served by the Club

ladies. After the dinner and a social

hour the program was opened by mu-

sic by the Club, followed by prayer.

Miss Hazel Jewell sang -a solo and

responded to an encore in a very

pleasing manner. A discussion,

“Would it be advisable for the state

to take over the State Fair and as-

sume its indebtedness,’ was led by Mr.

Wm. Rouley. 'It was thoroughly dis-

cussed; some thought it would be a

good investment while others thought

it would be another burden on the

state. The Club then adjourned to

meet April 8 at the Church Hall for a

maple sugar dinner.——Mrs.E. M. Frost,

Cor. Sec.



An Entertaining Program.—The

Deerfield Farmers’ Club met at the

home of Mr. and Mrs. D. Owen Taft,

on February 27. While the company

was being served a fine dinner, Mr.

Taft entertained the company with

music,'which everyone enjoyed. Then

the meeting was called to order by

Mr, Clark HalLthen tollowed prayer





 





by the chaplain, singing by the Club,

reading, “Over to the Hills to the

Poorhouse,” by Miss Julie Lannen,

and other good numbers. A paper by

Mrs. Dudley Mason was entitled, “The

Tangled Skein.” She compared this

to our lives. We have sorrow, trou-

ble, pleasure and happiness and we

have a skein to untangle most of the

time. We should take life as it comes

and make the best of it. The question

box was conducted by Mr. Don John-

ston. Meeting adjourned to meet with

Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Jones, March 27.

—Mrs. John F. Lutz, Cor. Sec.





Science and the Farmer.—The March

meeting of the Wixom Farmers’ Club

was entertained by Mr. and Mrs. F.

E. l‘earsall at their farm home. A

large crowd of members and invited

guests w ere present and partook of a

good dinner. After the social hour

Club was called to order by President

Nicholson, followed by a good pro-

gram, consisting of recitations and vo-

cal solos. The question box came

next in order. Resolved, that “Scien—

titic Training is as essential in farm

life as in professional life,” brought

out a lengthy discussion on both sides.

The negatives declared that it was not

necessary to have a scientific training

to be a good farmer, but admitted the

art with the profession made a better

man—Mrs. R. D. Stephens, Cor? Sec.



Pioneer Day—Washington Center,

Farmers’ Club held its March meeting

at River View, with Mr. and Mrs.

John Tobey. There was a good attend-

ance. The morning session was op-

ened with a piano solo by Mrs. B. S.

Gillman. The regular business was

disposed of and the rules governing

the boys’ and girls’ contests as sent

out by M. A. C. were read. The old

but ever interesting question, “Good,

Roads,” came in for a discussion.

Some thought the old method under a

pathmaster best, while others thought

the present method all right. Neither

Way is there not much work done on

the roads. Next came the social hour,

and a splendid dinner was served. The

afternoon session opened with a song,

“When the Puritan’s Came Over,” by

Marita Tobey. This was Pioneer Day

and roll call was responded to by early

recollections of home. The Club then

sang “Should Old Acquaintance be

Forgot.” The story hour was opened

by the reading of some original verses

composed more than fifty years ago,





and called “The New Country Song.”





The music of which has long been

forgotten.

tiers of \Vashington township are left,





but two of the real pioneers were ‘





present, Mrs. Wm. Carothers, 83 years

old, who came here in 1854, and Mrs.

Albert Bovee, 80 years old, who came

in 1857. Gratiot county was almost a





wilderness at that time, and neighbors ’





few and far between. These ladies re.

lated many incidents of those days of

hardship and pleasures. Both thought

those early days the happiest of their

lives. Many stories of Indians, bears

and deer hunting were told by other;

members of the Club, and a very en-

joyable afternoon was spent. “Looking

Backward." a. solo by Mrs. B. S. Gill-

man, “I want to go back to Michigan,”





closed this most interesting meeting.u

The April meeting will be a corn and"





potato special and will be held at

Highland Home with Mr. and Mrs.

Frank Cook. A corn dinner will be

served—Mrs. S. N. French, Cor. Sec.



Financing the Household—March

meeting of the Union Farmers' Club

was held with Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Hol-

brook. Mr. and Mrs. Holbrook are

pioneers in Club work, having helped

to organize the Club a quarter of a

century ago. President Hall called the

meeting to order and prayer was of-

fered by Russell Ash. Roll call was

responded to by “How can I improve

the efficiency of the Club?” By com-

ing earlier, by carrying out part of the

program in the forenoon, by filling the

part assigned by the program com-





mittee, by taking part in the discus- ,





sions, were some of the good methods

brought out. Daisy McKnight gave a

humorous reading, “The Farmer and

the Automobile." The feature of the

program was a paper by Mrs. Alton

Firzelle, “Is the allowance plan the

proper method of

finances of the household?" Mrs. Fiz-

zelle said, “Doubtless no One thing

makes for so much unhappiness in the

family as this one thing. Marriage is

a partnership but too often on the





farm it is of a one-sided variety. The





wife contributes to the business her

time, labor and brains as much as the

farmer, and the profits are equally

hers, and while he buys tools to

lighten the labor on the farm she

should have as many conveniences in

the house.” Mrs. Fizzelle thinks if

the wife takes the extra care of the

chickens on her hands the proceeds

should be hers to do with as she

pleases. This brought out a warm

discussion, though evidently some

opinions were bottled up until the

men reached home. The question box

contained several timely questions.

Club ad' urned to meet with Mr. and

Mrs. Fuelle the first Saturday in

March—Mrs. L. Smith, Cor. Sec.





Very few of the early set- .





   

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

   

   

   





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saver. Sendfor your-copy.

‘ ELLIS ENGINE 00.





 





 





conducting the ,





 

 





msnmmmmndr "

DemiLMich. ,, . "





 





Built low-



wlde tires prevent ruttlnz



4m draft-Iowa work and repairs. Write for

{no





1 d one. ..

We mold gauge? gin-‘2. old-er. III





 





/





1M





M





'.r r r

.1





every p u r p o s e—hc‘gl3



; * sheep. poultry, rabbits, horses



cattle. Also lawn fence and gates. . '



II “I" PEI I01! SP. All. MILE “filial

Write now for not outdo: and oomph to .



Thin-I Emilio“... MAO Gilda-4.050





FARM FENGE





grammes:

0 .

Wires coin not slip. [00

styles of Farm. P



and Lawn Fencing direct

from factory at money

saving prices. IdeolGnlv.





2 I

GENTS

MRIED .WIII .145





A son



BO-rodspool tolog (roe.

[WAN 3808. Bull. Inuit. III.

until you not our factor!





DON’T BUY prices on best quality and





mute“ heavy 331 vaulted, an hearth

mot oteol wiro fonoo. duck

fence. 146 per rod. 41-inch farm fence 210

not red. 48-inch poultry falcon)“: per rod.

NOTE: All wires no galvanized before

woven. Write for [roe catalog.

THE TIGER FENCE (DMPANY. ,



Bax 85. z-: a: ,Wulkesho. Wis.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Ill-hiya: White Cedar ,_ ,

milestone





ms cam rmr"'ros1s:mm,, ', ', ;;





Ooduluoo Pooh. ~‘l , .,

Spools] nttontlnnfl'v a. m D





 





 





 





8 ft .. s

on to m 01 ’ on!" ti

{or prlooo an, M, . o. n, 033:3 M ”1 mud".-
«aw





.w...





gm.





- . ”4..-..- .M -...-W.._—-.





 





 





 





 





‘ CHEAPEST

and BEST FEED

For Cows





All of the sugar beet left after man’s food

(sugar) has been soaked out by water. Clean,

wholesome, pure, dried vegetable food.





 

 

 

 





   





Free from adul teration. Don‘t

buy bran, middlings, cornmeal.

barley, oats or other carbohy-

drate feed when you canget

a better feed like Dried

Beet Pulp for less money per

(on. Ask your dealer





TIIE llllllOVlE

Illllllli





 

   

   

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





 





IJuiiliaiiis’ Percherons‘





are today as for the past Forty.

eight years the breed’s best 3





As a matter of fact you can

also get more here for your

money than elsewhere.

If you are interested in,





Percherons





and want to get in touch i

with the oldest concern?

in the business—the one that handles

the best class of horses. and whose,I

reliability is proven by the experi-

ence of thousands of satisfied cus-

tomers. (‘ome and see us.



New illustrated catalog on application





DUNHAMS', Wayne,_J1P_age County, Illinois.





 





 





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





ll.—





llllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllLL‘Lf





Veterinary. .





fillllllllllllllllllllllllllIllll|lllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi

CONDUCTED BY W. C. FAIR, V. S.





Advice through this department is

free to our subscribers.

munication should state history and

symptoms of the case in full; also

name and address of writer. Initials

only will be published. Many quer-

ies are answered that apply to the

same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably

find the desired information in a re-

ply that has been made to someone

else. When reply by mail is request-





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





 





fee of $1.00 must accompany letter.





 





Indigestion—W‘eakness.—l have a

five-year-old mare that is not thriving;

two local Vets. filed teeth and gave

her medicine without doing her any

apparent good. She lacks life and

courage. C. T., Dundee, Mich—Give





 





her 2 drs. phosphate soda at a dose

in feed three times a. day. Also give

Eher 1 dr. ground nux vomica and 1A





.302. of Fowler’s solution at a dose





three times a day.



Chronic Catarrh.——What can I do

for a two—year-old bull that caught

cold about a year ago and since that

time has been bothered more or less

With catarrh. D. DeG., Lamb, Mich.

—Give 1 dr. powdered sulphate iron

and 1 oz. of sulphate of soda at a

dose twice a day. If he. has not’al-





 





 





 





 





 





LOESER BROS.





\Ve have sixty head of imported Belgian

and Percheron stallions and mares, from

Weanlings up. We are also offering a car

lot of big drafty grade brood mares all in

foal, weighing 1600 to 1800 pounds.





LIGONIER, IND.





FOR SALE—One Pair of Oh. Belgian Gold's 5 yrs.

old. wt. 2800 lbs; ne 'Pair of 5 yr.

old Percherons, wt. 2900 lbs.; One Plll' of Brown

Belgian Geldings,wt. 2850 lbs. :One Blue Bonn Geldin ,

5 yrs. old. wt. 1540 lbs: One Brown Gelding 5yrs. 0]

wt. 1500 lbs.: one Bay Blooky Mare 6 yrs. old. wt. 1500

lbs; One Red Roan Gelding. wt. 1300 lbs. 7 rs. old:

One Black Mare, 8 yrs. old. wt. 1350 in foot to 2200





 





lb. Belgian Stallion. No. of other single Mares and V





Geldings suitable for Farm or Draft urposes. also

one Bay Road Horse 4 yrs, sired by ()nline. Horses

for all purposes at. the right price. Quality considered.

STlRKWEATHER STOCK FARM.

Northvllle. :-: :-: Michigan.





Registered Percherons,

BROOD MAKES. FILLIES AND YOUNG

STALLIONS at 11068 that will surprise you.

L. C. HUNT do 0.. Eaton Rapids. Elohim-in.





' ——Reg. Shetland Ponies, mostly

Pinon PM! Farm spots. 1 sp‘caitted stallion and flung

stock for sale. Dr. W. '1‘. orrison. Pigeon. ich.





Sillllll SI. l’lllL HORSE 8i MULE (llllll'llll.





Union Stock Yards. South St. Paul. Minn.

A large assortment of Good Horses and Mules always

on hand. IVATE SALES DAILY.

HOR E AUCTION EVERY MONDAY.

GET IN TOUCH WITH US.





PERCHERONS—Imposaut. one of the heaviest

dhorses in Izatg. gt head of stud.



M , yo ng soc or as. 9.

$3238. oggohaog‘g son‘is. Mendon, Michigan





FOR S ALE—Registered Percheron Stallion Mares

an Fillies at reasonable rices. 1n-



s‘peotion invit_ed. F. L. KING & 80 N. Char otte.Mich_.

. IVE REGISTERED PEROHERON STALLIONS.





blacks. from weanlings to 12 years old. and

sound. WM. MoORODAN. Dutton. Kent 00.. Mich.





FOR S ALE~Registered Percheron Stallion



five years old. rrioe 8500, Would

exchange for registered more or pa r of good work

mares. R. B. NOLL. Vickeryvllle. Kichigan





FoR SALE. Pair Registered Grey Percheron

- Mares z”) and 8 years old. weight



1900 lbs. 1 ready to foal 3800. R. S. HUDSON.



care I. A. (3.. East Lansing. Michigan.





Clydesdale Stallion and Mares zigzag:

hi b 11 cal es fit tor service. 'l‘er

3T§it§yriiii~iih§v 31153.. Fairgrove. Michigafi?





In Erin Fine Registered Clydesdale Slallion

3 years old for sale. . T. KNIG T. Mariette. Mich.

. on sun-2 Bog. PERCHERON MARES. sound





d ri lit in every way. Weight about 1

manila. AgflRAY. Oakemos. Ingham (30., Mich.





__ f . 'I' ll h

PERCHERONS 353%u25.“‘ii2’.fifii°5 “12123.2.





rize winners at.the West Michigan State Fair.



line stallion coming 2 years old, active and heavy

bone, 8 moi-89. 1 com as four. 2 comin three. bro

2 yearling fillies. Pgorted Sire and ame. Come

or write. WM. . LAKE, Dutton. Michigan.





Belgian Stallions 31‘: 3 3222:



The ton kind. raANK RUSSELL. Fulton. Mich.



For “I. all“ —3 black Rfigistered PERCHERON

I





STALLIO . one 7 years old two 1

once. J. 0. Butler. Portland. 'inoh.





 





year old. '6

‘ ' ‘ — .‘a 'rcucnsnor:

'0? Sale é'dfidtitdgi idtéirf‘fiia. weight 1300

poundq. Andrew E. Hackenzie. lowlerville.‘ lich.

When writing to advertisers please

mention The Michigan Farmer.





 





ready been tested for tuberculosis,

better do so.



I Bruised Face—Bone Spavin.—My

five-year-old mare has a bunch on

face, situated midway between nostril

and eye, but it is not very sore. I





 





: :also have a 12-year—old mare develop-

: ‘ing bone sparin. O. B. D., St. John’s,





lMich.—The 'bunch on face is bony, the

lresult of a blow. Apply one part io-

l'dine and nine parts fresh lard three

times a week. Give your mare rest

land apply one part red iodide mercury

and four parts lard every ten days.



Colt Has Two Jack Spavins.—Have

a two-year-old driving colt which I

have just begun to break, but he has

two jack spavins which I had fired

one year ago; he has just commenced

to show a little lameness and I would

like to know how to treat him. A. D.

8., Linden, Mich—Give your colt rest

and apply one part red iodide mer-

cury and four parts lard every ten

days.



Stifle sadness—We have a two-

year-old colt. weight about 1200 lbs.

whose hind legs appear to lock, mak-

ing it impossible for a. short period of

time to move leg forward, then sud-

denly it snaps and he is all right. C.

' H., Portland, Mich—Clip hair off

stifle, and apply one part powdered

cantharides and four parts lard every

ten days and he will soon be all right.



Sore Neck—Last year my horse’s

neck got sore on top and have not yet

healed, although I have applied dif-

ferent kinds of healing remedies. J.

E. W., Bitely, Mich—Perhaps there is

a core or fibrous center to these sores,

or considerable scar tissue that should

be either cut out with a knife, or burn-

ed off with caustic or a red hot iron,

then neck will heal. Apply equal parts

powdered alum and oxide of zinc.

Powdered blue stone applied carefully

will destroy fungus; however, in my

practice I use a sharp knife. '



Brood Mare Perspires in Stable.—

Have' a nine-year-old mare which is

in foal that perspires when standing

in the stable, and she has a puffy

swelling on brisket, the result of a

bruise against manger. N. C., Colum-

biaville, Mich—Give your mare 2 drs.

of acetate of potash and 1/2 oz. ground

gentian at a dose in feed three times

a day. Keep your stable clean, free

from foul odors, admit plenty of fresh

air, and ventilate barn. It is consid-

ered good practice to clip her body,

especially if she is very rough coated,

and it is possible that she is not ex-

ercised enough. Apply spirits of cam-

ghor to swelling on breast twice a



ay.



Roaring—Have a six—year-old horse

that had an attack of distemper three

years ago, since then he whistles

whenever exerted and I would like to

know of a remedy. L. S., Munith,

Mich.~A surgical operation on throat

performed by a. competent veterinar-

ian will perhaps prevent this whist.

ling. Wearing an overcheck and in-

dependent bit, straightening out nose

and pulling head well up, relieves a

driving or work horse which roars.



Cause of Constipation.—-I'would like

to know Why dairy cows at shedding

time are troubled with costiveness

without a change of ration. C. R. H.,

Grand Rapids, Mich—I know of no

reason why they should be more cos-

tive- at shedding time, unless they are

weaker for want of sufficient exercise.

. Rheumatism—Some time ago I

bought ’a. hog that had been fed cook-

ed feed; such‘ as potatoes and swill,

but I have been feeding it ground





 





lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





ed. it becomes private practice, and a-





next.





corn and cob meal, also some salts

with each feed. When this pig first

gets up, it dislikes to move and when

forced to travel appears to suffer pain

for a few minutes, then walks fairly

well. A. A., Fountain, Mich.—GiVe

your hog 20 grs. of sodium salicylate

and 15 grs. of nitrate of potash at a

dose in feed two or three times a day.

Feed less corn, more oats, oil meal,

tankage and roots; furthermore, he

should be kept dry and warm.





Exostosis on Shin—Eczema—Collar

Galls—Sitfast.——Fifteen months ago

my five—year-old mare was kicked,

bruising outside of hind shin, leaving

a bunch. My other mares are trou-

bled with an itchy condition of skin,

especially in scalp of mane and tail.

Last year I had considerable trouble

with collar galls and I have a grey

horse with a hard bunch on shoulder

which is movable, but in the way of

collar. E. D. 8., Bannister, Mich.—

If the bunch on shin is not causing

lameness and you care to work the

mare, leave it alone. Clip your mares

and apply one part bichloride mercury

and 1000 parts water to itchy parts of

skin daily. They may require groom-

ing as dirt in coat and on skin causes

itchiness of body. Give a tablespoon-

ful of bicarbonate of soda at a dose

in feed three times a day. Dissolve

14 1b. acetate of lead, 3 ozs. of sul-

phate of zinc and 2 ozs. of tannic acid

in a gallon of water and apply to ten-

der shoulders three times a day. Cut

out hard bunch and apply shoulder lo-

tion to wound three times a day.





Vaginal Polypus.——I have a cow,

since having her bred ten days ago,

has fallen away five pounds on her

milk yield and she passes consider-

able blood. and her bowels are loose.

I feed ensilage, cob meal, ground oats

and a little oil meal. Her appetite is

good one day and apparently gone the

G. W. P., South Haven, Mich.——-

You fail to state whether blood comes

from bowel or vagina; however, I pre-

sume it comes from vagina. Give her

1 oz. doses of hyposulphite of soda, 1

oz. of ground gentian three times a

day for a few days, then give her one

half of this quantity at a dose three

times a day for 30 days. If the blood

comes from vagina. dissolve 1 oz. of

powdered alum in three pints of tepid

(Vivater and inject her once or twice a



ay.



Looseness of Bowels——\\’eakness.—~

I have'a mare nine years old, in fair-

ly good condition, but when worked

bowels act altogether too free and

when standing in the barn she sweats

much on the neck, chest and flank. C.

O. J., Cadillac, Mich—Her teeth may

need floating. Change her feed, clip

her, ventilate your stable and give 1

dr. of ground nux vomica, 2 drs. of red

cinchona, 1 dr. acetate of potash and

3 drs. of ground gentian at a dose in

feed three times a day.



Chronic Cracked Heels—I have a

four-year-old mare that is troubled

with scratches on both fore legs and

one hind foot. W. N., Wolverine,

Mich—Apply one part carbolic acid

and nine parts glycerine twice a. day,

and give a dessertspoonful of Fow-

ler’s solution three times a day.



Pinworms.—I have a four-year-old

mare which has been bothered with

pinworms since she was eight months

old and the commercial remedies that

I have tried have failed to do her

much good. J. G., Newport, Mich—If

your mare is in good condition and not

in foal, give her 7 drs. of aloes, 1 dr.

santonine and 2 drs. of ginger made

into a bolus and given at one dose.

Give her a well salted bran mash be-

fore giving her this dose of cathartic

medicine. Drop 1/2 1b. of quassia chips

into a gallon of water, boil it until

the quantity reduces to two quarts,

then strain off the chips and inject

into the rectum, keeping it there for

one—half hour: this is best done by

holding the tail down and placing her

in a position with her fore feet 12

inches lower than hind ones. The rec-

tum should be cleaned out before

making this application, with clean,

tepid water. Kindly understand she

should be treated once a week until

you succeed in effecting a cure. An-

other very good remedy is one part

coal tar disinfectant and 30 parts wa-

ter and you had better purchase one

of the commercial coal tar remedies

that are regularly advertised in this

paper.



Nervous Cow.——I have a, cow that

has been very gentle to milk until

lately, now she lifts hind feet much

like a trip—hammer, Only at milking

time and does not move until I take

hold of teat. L. W., Bangor, Mich.—

Apply one part lemon Juice and three

parts glycerine to teats twice a day,

and buckle a surcingle around body

just in front of udder when you milk

her, and she will stand quiet.



N. . P., ,Flint, Mich—Your cow’s

milk becomes infected after it is milk-

ed. Thoroughly clean milking uten-

sils, hands of milker, .udder of cow,

cow stable and milk house' and you

will have no further trouble with the





milk. .. ,

L. *R., 'Bingham, “Mich—Your i' 5

died of tuberculosis of the bowels? g





 





 





 





MARCI—I 2'7, 1915.





Make Your Lame Horse

~ Sound. Like-This





You Can Do It While He Works.





We want to show you that there isn’t

any affection that causes lameness in horses

that can’t be cured. no matter of how long

standing. We want to send you our in-

structive book. "Horse Sense” No. 3. We





 





 





t





,





also want to send you an expert’s diagnosis '





of your horse’s lameness free. Simply mark

where swelling or lameness occurs on above

picture and write us how it aflects gait.

how long lame and its age.



We absolutely guarantee Mack‘s 81.000

Spavin Remedy to cure Spavin. Bone or

Bog Spavin. Curb. Splint. Ringbone.

Thoroughpin. Sprung Knee. Shoe Boil.

\Vind Pufl'. Weak, Sprained and Ruptured

Tendons. Sweeny. Shoulder or Hip Lame-

ness and every form of lameness. We have

deposited 31.000 in bank to back up our

guarantee. .Cures while he Works. No

scars. no blemish, no loss of hair.



P. B. Smith. Jamestown. 00.1., says: " In

regard to my sprained horse. am pleased

to state that after using one bottle of

Mack’s 81.000 SDavin Remedy. .my 24-year

old horse is entirely cured.”



Your druggist will furnish Mack’s 81.000

Spavin Remedy. If he hasn’t it in stock.

write us. Price $5 per bottle and worth it.

tAoddrltassi MoKallor Drug 00., Binghum-



n. e c





 





 





Farmers lose ONE

BILLION Dollars

($1,000,000,000)

a year in crops de-

stroyed by insects.





We believe it is because most of our insect-eating

birds have been killed. The Farm J ournal of Phil-

adelphia started the Liberty Bell Bird Club. to

protect birds. Thus to save farmers' grains. fruits.

and money, and your food supply. There are now.

more than 190,000 members. There are 3.000 clubs

in schools. More members wanted. Club member-

ship free to grown folks or children. The Farm

Journal is $1.00 for 5 years. but you do not have to

subscribe. Write





The Farm Journal





Z 182 Washington Square. Philadelphia





-'Saves l5% io 20% of Food





Keep Stock Healthier. c lull

(with or without chucks) a'nd Gris; :lofn

indPs :3! small! its 10 sizes 2 to 25

. . onica s ' rB—d' -

ferent. from all on erannde if





lightest Running

Feed Mills





Handy to operate. Ask wh ' l K

state size of your engine. y,and “

We also make Sweep Grinders.



A fold ron V.) .

FREE Feeds eand Mdiiifipegf





D. H. P. so WSIIER 00.

South Bond. Ind.





 





   

   





   





 





 

 





 

 

 

 





   

 

   

   





 





 





The Grand Rapids





VETERINARY COLLEGE





Offers a three years Course in Veterinary Science.





Complying with all the requirements of the U. 8.

Bureau of Animal Industry. Established 1897.

Incorporated under State law. Governed by Board

of Trustees. Write for Free Catalog.





152 Louis St" Grand Rapids, Michigan.





PERCIIERON SALE.





Farmers and Breeders Attention.





In ordier to giants” nick sales we have decided to out

our rces. ourooce 141000. cocood

.. also”... °» W





A. A. PALMER G: SONS,

R. R. Orleans. P. O. Beldlnd. lidlch.





PEHBHEMI lint: ton siting: n .....





l f .

one with colt by her side. Also Imported filing.





ll registered. rite... f r d i ti 1! ri '

J. PARKER a send. only“ 57%





 





 





 





 





 





"' "’me‘wm
.r





\





‘mom1m41 , _ THEtMICHIGAN FARMER





A JACKS AND MULES. . .

Holstein Bulls forSale

Don’t Miss This Chance





SEVEN REGISTERED BILLS whose dams and grand dams have

A. 3.0. recordsof 20m 25 pounds of butter in 7 days. They





     

 

 

 





   





. ‘ IONIA GIRL





line-tartar! morehreederron the road tone

south“ man living. nmthelmt and In.





   





M ice.

new this ”a...“ “ $2.51. uflfi





   





 





   





 





 





 





. W J. M. . mam. mob. are two to four months old, priced from $50 to $65. “Min Kaboom-:1 earl: evolopen.

a . . . reodyforthemuketusix-ouiisoid. stntto

MDERS' DIREC'WRY. Herd tuberculin tested and healthy in every way. Kififimofimhmfimfifiawew

‘ n .’ I I U



CATTLE. Also Two one year old Bulls. m n ”a" '"°"° ' "" "" m“





   





 





 





BIGELOW'S HOLSTEIN FARMS, Breedsville, Mich. O. 1. c. SWINE—Eflfizx' ,..





 

 





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





ml) FOUNDED IN 1900. B

min: ted consist of Troiun Eric‘s. lack-

bird-and Editor. only. Black silty 1170. I bull of

ror‘g individulityéTagddner-lt. ends the herd.





C FARM. Ionla. Mich.

mmfle of the foremost do breed: the ‘

nest economical milk Ooh.





 





 





$25 DELIVERED:‘m&%fli.fi' “'3. J

bred. Pedi 00 forum. Ser- eightlis ite.

ROUG m PARKS. Wt. Michigan. erseys

our. CAL? Iron Out. 3. She’s“-

H ‘ . ‘ For Profit





_ I. C‘s. nothing for Ink- at t but will ”he

o orders for Mar. and. Apr. pg pairs not akin.

free and shipped on W‘s-1'. J‘. I. Howell. Ovid. Mich.





0. I. C’s—Elf.‘?35.





'38.

m

LYONDALE am FARM. Wayne. Mich.





 





pairs and tries. not

state fair Winners.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





lot-sic. Wlite Leghorn cock Dorm Jones a”



who. Him School fathom-f. inth like“. W B. mu m

Four“!!! “Ana-8m “End” One _w Mun,“ umwflfmcfir '—% Iowsbred for Spring furrow. 75 Fall

A ‘" ”:3" I'm‘m‘ "5‘. 3mm”'" cite. m ww‘m’fim “‘3' . an? ’” emlsvgdtrff’e’fgdxnfii‘i’fifih E93333. y§£fl?$§i

.. mm m:‘:..':..°‘u:°“ 5'9“” " M“ 3““ ' ""' "" '“ ' w. . e. W ' messengers awesome

610: mm WAY a & o-Il. m Fm MP Mi‘ ‘3“; mm per cent. of then carver-«Jerseys hodiedm‘bigbonedigdr‘uvin v). sILKGmu'iakeJIclii‘.

“Shhfhfimmmmu— o I Gilts bred for March and April bib

:14 We“ a: Street. In York City ' ' affirm? sfuémiui-Lwfigm





 





 





w as: m—flt‘a‘" “he:

en's.

-old. ball. out of flat Ibo.» den. . &' rs—Two serviesble boars. sow coming§two—yr.-

. at M ' hr . f l ' . all

3‘1"": ML "a *0“ 6""- “- mini Shik- -f lest Me- A; new". 3'. assure. as“...

IflCcl—C ”unnatural Ibo Bire‘ceir- _ ~

”:3? to Pontiac Ig'midyke. Dun 22.9! $111? or beef m. ”a.“ stock all Duroc Jerseys fireé’gorchg‘g-‘il “3:1:

in. “ltd-Ours. mm M“ ‘ .ages mleflfumersprieos. C.W.Crn1n. WW. Fallqpi‘goflher sex. 8.0.8'1' LMAH.

_ ‘ Sccy. Cont. Mich. Shortliorn Bteeders‘ Assn. Mclride. Mich. ‘ BY LAW ‘ “M. bhepherd. Michigan.

Four flu .'Hol:iein Bulls'g‘jg’sgifigmfgfiwfi53.“. DUROC JERSEYS A few .8" m “d ,2

ed i c b (H . ' , 00 - 2:. _ '

'slssmrsiimsosmm’IEs asses“ BIDWFLL SHORTHORNS m... .. Emmmfimssmr ea...

Holstein Cattle‘g'c"R°}i gm... Registered Bulls For Sale. DUROC GETS—Bred to “new in mi, and

n c - . 0W 5-





May. 335 each. If my selection

ELMER E. SMITH. Redford. Michigan.





THE VILLAGE FARM,

Grass Lake, Michigan,

GUERNSEY CAT'I'LE.





High Grade Guernseys





* Twenty largo {Inn and white 2-year-old heifers. will



freshen this ins. S75 . can s are a. few



* young can g. D.;JE 0P. Lansing. ichigan.

—-A f .



FOR SAL 13.3352“. Guernsey Bulb





uni-mu». prices. W. BUEHB. Caledonia. Mich.



Registered GUERNSEY and



Musk” HOLSTEIN BULLS or set-



viceable age for sale. Also.



HULL CALVES. Many from . B. dams. Prices



1 reasonable. I... E. SWEET. Birmingham. Mich.



g FOR SALE—Reg. Guernsey Bull Calf.

3 Be 1181 Blood. 4 months old.

GEUNDERHILL, ew Hudson. Michigan.



. Guernsey Bulls. Berkshire ho s. sow



1:" SI”, :3 gits bred four-inc farrow. rite

JOHN m . R. 10. H and, Michi‘nn.





 





 





 





.





 





 





 





 





Big and strong in rime condition for immediate - -

31g: 9 go 24 1:;ng . om. chea .0. q... sane. snowshoes: regimeswswtss

R H l t 0 Bull calves and Herd Bull. Gan eel-Jig; 6e??? 0 £th Ch‘ than“??? kAle‘fio' 1: FXRM. S. L. MING. PROPR. Kinderhook. Mich.

eg' 9 8 e". suppl all wants in “93- Chester Michigan Boughgg:elgepc?tnognflv.er2iiaiute: :alkci'rrgm

White swme. Ray . Parka-i. Bronson. Mich Detroit. Toiedort Ironton‘Depot. PEOIAL on Durocs—I will sell 35 choieely bred

sows. 5 boars. With all papers. Send for cat-





~ mnwnm. groom: FARM - - . .

I BARBIII” “ONLY" 85. 13.333 Box 1). Tecumseh, moms”. I’Te’iif'pié'fl 0M3:°fi‘.é‘i"1‘<'é§.fiéfh.£‘&%fi‘.?’fq’i§lt

WI. 30‘ blood and hes 4——





II

Holstein Bull . _ tA.B.O. bach-

‘“ °“ .0... ”d " “m P°"°°.§.::::%.§::2§z FIVE snonmnnn wus m xiii A... low 12 DUROC JERSEYS.





 





 





 





 





some individual. Rougemont Farms. months. Prices





. LEONARD filBBARD.Cohoctnh. Midh. F P ' -W' 11' St ck,

ro l'l Hi In 0



High Class HOLSTEINS £35. Y )8 fl .1 b B “52.“, 03%.“..- muffin”.



h d by . Al c, who d “0' “Wins For 8* Sultan“. Also cows and 11333914.:





i th to Ale-rt Pelhdonfi to boll .

in. tum”... “1?... .mnuzvsfl.z..’°‘i‘v‘fil m; v.3. Mcouum. a...“ or am... mm... BrookwaierFarm.AnnArbor,Mici..fl.F.B.7.





fa few heifer aboutsllfic mfinthfitlymb bred. Furnlil MMmile

rom court ouse. T B. BERT. Howe . ich. sunnwowsknchcE Youua BULLS F0" SHE UAlfigogulgii23a:Sb::dugfolbogfileregiggrmsegisg

—-I'i 3 14 Win h [f . . APP. Howell. Michigan. ‘ - ' ‘ -

FOR SALE n33 1.3.18.1... of ooiaiefii 1’13?“ 1????1‘133’1’I‘ri. 2...”... (13:31. ‘fifiifo'éf i'a‘i.

Johanna Lsd. Also beautiful bull calf. SHEEP

GEO. D. CLARK. Vent. W. ' DU ROC JER S EYS-§S]B°§M

- oars





‘ ‘ ’ , , . . . , . .



Top-Notch Holsteins. u PAYS 1'0 BUY was mo sum or “d m“ 8““ “ ' 0‘ “um" “”33“ Mlch'um



Extra large line young bull. white. bornOot. 4. 1913. PARSONS 55° Shalom” . itol Herd Duroc Jersey 8 i 9. Est blish 1888.



Dam has oilioisl record of '29,:0 lbs. bum! in 7 9- ’ . in“ “a may ".mbeprfi express C. oung boars and bred gow: flin- sale? I pg? the



117.50 lbs. in 30 do n. Biro um- tuna 1b. tam-dd . . chm. w huduwflfime amena- J. n. BANGKART, Lansing, Mien“...

.' ‘ A.





daughter of e 30. lb. cow. , 5 . . .

MCPHERSON FARMS 00.. Howell. Michigan. IPABSONS.GrandLedge.MIch. R‘s DUROC JERSEYS—A fmv bred gil‘g. f5” males 1-9..“ gm-

service. S. C. W. Leghorn and liufl“ Rock ears for sale.





 





.' MISTER!» GUERNSEY COWS. For sale at

. Watervllet Mich. $250 and up. Splendid minds

L‘ m J. I. “TCHFORD, Auditoriun Tower. Chicago. ill.





 





   

 

 





HEREFORD; «hm-mm“





ALLEN BOBS.. Paw Paw. Michigan.





 





 





 





Hereford Bulls for Sale—37.23132 ifiii‘;





' .Ild mm Edict! bull calves about seven months 01d-

, [fiat





 





 





 





 





 





 





are well bred. good animals and will be priced ‘ ‘ . . v . .

. BEAVER LAKE RANCH 00" Alpena. Mich. "OLSEINS FOR SALE (”Faun-now“ SHEEP, "a 8'” HR :ALE. J MchCOLL. Station A, R. 4. Bay City. ““3th

E M. F. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan. ST:{tCTLYMn'h. Pglands—Absoluteiy none larger“

mm D‘ CAMPBELL- CHAS‘ 3' ANGm' 5 Good Bulls, rea. for service. [simian—£5321} fibreglfll?mhhs from Elgangan Sprig; 35ml] {er-125w i535; $3333.53 kwslrugagi

' 0 I Also” - ‘

10 Very Chm 033W.- shire swine. mmhum moor Farm. Almont. Mich. m" ""“me‘i‘ ' 1" KNEW" ”“9”“ “ML





 





2 Two-year-old Heifers, bred In: —March gilts bred to sonof Volun

. . e I i ‘m , n . mt.

1 Six-year-old grand-daughter of King Wool-Malian Shropshire Evm. 33f o‘fi’eafig‘ifigfi , March £3,995?" mgkgpgfmmgyg ”mg:





I FOR SALE





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





' . out stock quick. Mostl sired by im orted ram. Vi rite

:5 HOWARD 0i BEABH FARM segm’ duel“ December ”d“- “PLEWW” m“ “R ”mm“. POLAND mums—60 head .e....... bou-

. L. E. CONNELL, Fayette. Ohio. ‘ and sows; fine stock.

. . “005. A. (z. MEADE. Colby Ranch. Stanton. Miohinn

.- am“; 23031“? 9.; mi“... 1. , . F0“ SALE “We'd “Wm M“ - a . b h . em POLAND CHINAS or the m. m. 9....

"3c - . W “39 m "95 ° 5- a d for service and bull calves. .lso females. ' " ’3'“ one 0 3 - ‘

in one your Dam. Belvidera of Burma No. 46631. new "a y ' d M h d A ii. , ready for source. Swabs-ed

. king “’1 ‘%\'B€CB_Refli3teii- 1 WE: Tfigefineflflé’ FREEMAN J. FISHBECK. Howell. Michigan. Drusrucsb § [Vldo‘OLIalsl 00:32“ 3:313 3'10 lilti’god for ”n“ furrow. A. ‘_ wood & son‘ 88““. Mich.

, on. rs prize over s an n . owar - . . —T bed. . o uper a. e on er. no 0 .. rions and ot ere. rv

initial?“ Guernsey in coillolr rad. in line condition. “mu-F11“ Breeder "2.8 of “1° gig-$1 A few young boars. M. '1‘. STORY. Lowell. Mich. ohgigpbggiafi 3:32P Sggfégfigfinm‘fif

"Iv Lleuupggis‘or we Vi on your money M represented. D. D. AITIEN. Flint. Michigan. Reyna“ and Berkshires. 1“,“ka of he“. bred G. W. BOLTON. R. No. 11. Kalam. Michigan;

, ‘8‘“ o e anima s. tislx-s. Vii ' us . So 3 I ‘ed .

PRICE, FOR MARCH $100. HOBART W. FAY, Muse, Mld'llgan. iM...........,.....:d:.-.u.f.'§...“S;...‘llit:¥§é.£..?;§i. you“ gum-choice guts b... a. “in. Type.”

Other Good Bulls for sale. Holstein Friessan cattle. Nothing for sale at present. for (incl clam ur. DJ‘Naleutiue. Sum. Temperance. Mich. boars L. W B Anfi%m&0gigfiatél;:gfif:fifio you“

‘ erhbirc Ho's—Moe tilts bred to inner; in March

. CAMPBELL e ANGEVINE. mcmniuggi iigmrmua tenant Rogfloflgélsucm,$33.3.any... first mm m p. c“?§§£“2°*.pt§;: ”.3... ..

AN . e i..o..are.ic. ' . mo nae rs

t COLDWATER. MICH. Breeder-of nu Gnde M Cattle. Lists and 5"" 8*“!- W- 3‘ HAGELSHAW. hush-email:

prices upon application. -—Open or bred sows. - . .

5 A Splendid Young ' ' —Jersey Cattle. Yorkshire Hogs ggggsgnlt-eledl§§§mlfifigiffmzttwl€ligr lgiIgfidpgggglgim?t:v‘80fr:n%:dlocg;5p Jgtilogf

_ Llllll Farmsiaad Oxford Sheep. Write for what w; - - - - - - 1- ROBERT MAli’l‘I . R. F. D. No. 7, Bustings. Mich.





 





 





Bows and Gilts Bred for April and





Q wont. OOLON O. LILLIL'. Coopersville. Michigan. 'EflxsmnEs: ' . . v'l‘b t that . .

Holstein Bull .. .. mussel-w“8.2:.semztgmsw- POLAND CHINAS ..:.:::_..mz~g....e-xha





 





 





 





 





THE WILDme JERSEY HERD Bred '0“ and i R either sex. African eese

~ 5 n .v .-

wed Jar-er much new” Wonder Hsmrsmsn swine—Breedingwmr of all age P "m "00‘? EFARM' ""9 0““ “‘9‘“-

Will M 8 credit ill “I" community; at; .oue ofthe best sons of iioyai Mu’eaty is at In ggggggggigggulfiostgafins 151:3 13°” breeding. La. 0 Strain P c ~0anspme one of my herd boars.

. his dfi'égmpgfigfifigfigiI$°w2fiI§if€§sd§§ :m sh.” . ' y d ’93" ' ' “Tm“ 1“" “as...” 1mm ;,.,;hg",1§l§<‘;tnga§:fi§ 3.2:: 8323

m a thee-fourths [£0th to ‘1” “uh "“9 your ““1““- “Vh Holden. 0.9300 MiCh- FM pigs l;::‘;:§:;":€ :90” may!!!“ 35.2.1? z‘dFsom" choice bred Hilts. no better breeding. to be hard at an}

’ J ER 8 EYS _l.°r “fl of stock for Pontiac. Mich. E. P. iifllllllloniig. owlherfal‘i. A.e\s\'{ssrl,nnmn:;:;: price. H' 0' SWAR’I Z. Schoolcmft, Michigan-



1 EAVV BONED POLAND CHINA sow

$50 000 Bull. write. MRS. P. H. WALm.ana.Jil-fo offing? flESTER.WHITE5- August sad September pigs..froin H fall igs. both sexes. pail-g not akin. Agree w

, Kahmmo _ If a breeder and . member mesuChicbsaw bud, Modeler. Bronson King. Acernncm boars. ices low. Robert Nevo. Pierson. Mich.

of M. J. 0. O. send list of stock for sole to the above. °1 “‘1‘” mm “an 9" J°h mum" mm m‘hum- l

._ ' , s n ' -

QERSEYS ssnvnca. Alelol‘biiliflABaYlvsgn 0. I- 0‘ Fa“ '1 be-(tmgoggs‘bmd to a“ of n” "09- P‘ D; ONG- R. - 118- Gait: Rapiils.oiw§§





C

Here is a good one. ,

Send for extended pedigree. 3 m e

rookwnter Farm. R. F. D. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich. C. J. THO ON. Rockford. MlChitfin. HEFARMEBS' HOG.—Bntler’s Big Boned Prolific

land Ohinns grow big kee





P0 . t

REED & KNOWI .ES’ FISHERTON FARM JERSEYS}??? 2133 0 I cIs—STRI'CTLY mo TYPE. re: 12 yrs. may for market as mont 8. hit? £23132$3

ll . h. H Farm Pogis’ 9th . from Resistor of Merit dams. length :31, “3mg. hflzg'lzgeynpigzgging ofgiéhzige m2 gored “gem $837;ng for mlorentxhanl l)_yrm 50 b1“

00d . one or 0 nod. 11 0 .

l'lowe , IVIIC lgano FISHERTON FARM' Pontiac. Michigan. boars the breed ever produced. heads our herdmsligted rioes. (busy one “53:. gingere 1118033133330“

LINBdBRED JERSEY COWS AND HEIFERS. Fresh by White Monarch and Frosts Choice. 2nd.]par1i:e 3.331: . 0. History Free. J. O. BUTLER. Portlnnd. Ml .

or .





 





7 no soon. “.3. calves el ble to W“ six Months boar at Mo. Inter State Foir

' . ' for sale at all times. prices re son hi . Add . IG TYPO boars by Big Smooth J nbo. G t

DO You W ant A Bil“ . CHAS B COOK FARE ““90' "3mm“- NEWMAN’S STOCK FARM R. N3. lfiflailette. Mriocfiig. B boar in State. 748 lbs. at 17 Inc. as... boa? :3:





Road For Service. JERSEY BULLS lenSbfalb big bone. sold at formers prices. shi 3‘

Y 301.!“ “ED an mm Blglype, MW: and Chasm mm Swine. °° “f 33





 





all or write. Wm. “'afl’le. Goldwater”





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





Iron a grand daughter of The King of the MAL m 9100! . ’ ' ‘ ' BM

_ - routines. Sir-ed by a bull that is more than 8. km Silver Creek. AllexanGOou-ty. 11th:. 400 M, i . Large Type P. C. gsfiseatfln Hickman.

' brother to the Champion Holstein Cow of the 38° they 3°" Wm“!- prices f" the next l 5' ““e‘lfl andbred

’ “' World. and whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% 5 hi doll tor I010 Lnnefiegister of Merit Jersey Herd Tuber- 30 d‘fa' bred units and servwe males and. we are the area; boar. Big Desmoines N0. 7‘ Wm N;

of Pontiac Attic Korndyke who has more ' lb. culin tested by U. 8. Government. For-sale bull bOOk “3 orders for smith“ 8‘ ‘ all our “Mk is 800d 70%.]? GiTtM‘iYhEM andh outing “‘ii‘im‘h“ M“ “p ‘0

daughters the]: any other living bull. If you do calves and heifer calves from R. of M. dams and enough thatlwili ship ' ‘ “"1 "’3- free in .the 250‘; 3325“, see are an“ pr “'0‘ from

write for pedigree. grand dams. and Hood Par-i Sire. 0' I‘ 0' or Chester W bite “550- We won. more prim ° 3' ome an 599‘ Expense. Dad ’33‘ I“

. IRV'IN FOX. Allel'lll. Iichicnn. than nil other breeders ut fiber. at Ill.. and represented. W. E. LIVINGSTON. Pun“, ich.

. EDWIN s. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich. m. 3.... u... "m- o. Shhto‘w' record. B d .M .- I... 7

. . . —— re 31 s. s. ,

, _ J°§§°§‘- B. 11.23.33: fixggmgiofigmuulhtyiwg ROLLING VIEW STOCK FARM Mulefl-‘oois airs not .kaii‘"8m..“ii.a§3.£‘$

' H A T C“ H E R D, “mg—— SMITH ‘ F‘BHB‘IEMm'm ' Cue CRY» - Michigan. "I n. “mw‘ F‘ 3‘00)“- R‘WWY. Mlohlflan.

from high-Mei deli with “k Wt M a l l .

Yps'lanfl» ”White". £3933...” “3H3 “'ii’fiif“ “to 0- '- organ;- “'....'“- John" m" 93......5... “5% Losemnnos vim“ 5°1-

' ' w‘ m ‘ Jami 333813 a son. a'rud {an fishing. ' ’ “ w‘ “‘0 ‘°'





 





W Bounds Iris-Inn sou—am



“Ch. {Grid's at!“ M! Sir?“ mum of F" w _m 0! h . —I XIV. m“ .u 0‘ o! it“ I 1-! 5° Youm‘l‘“ mauled gonad 0*“)0'



M” ' dons. Ibis-ire “’1.” J: w”! cm freshen soon. 0. I. G ‘ 5.“. ““1 .10. th fall I)»: looks. I. 3. 13"” ’3‘? “OAIR‘K:;:§: Hi '

Hm Perm. .





 





 





a." brother no file Worlrc need a. £4.15 Ami“ m... w



.6. “’0. round ‘ I“ .



s.“ mag 31.25 em. .3 7 eygtwfiung ~= ... ...... “M- m“%- son'fi‘n" rs... '6:an a... YORKS “inns



cent 0 a tee nearest sins . rec n —Youn bulls sired by a o Bred ilts ' be.



three 3 er tions already I: 600 A. R. O. "Ii-"l. “MIMI“ . . e . Write for a ' service. are. September and OMOb" i '

mung»... aAlso a few femslgze 19:13; reasonable. sale. DAVIDSON e HALEH’i‘IecESEiPtMibchilnggf poi-icesI c J.%AORgL‘?ItEeWrE?lg. Mgngigh‘igxld Prices ““011“,“. ' W. C. IC‘OOK" R. ‘2‘ Ads. “5:.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





.. H

p f ,.





“alum WU. NL'ES‘E‘QE. magi you wri't: Fon sitiLm-sh'omiom Bulls. red and m... b! o I c, --‘Bervicsble boars. Gilts bred for When writing advertisers P163”

_ , . . _ read A an ndVicto Li cod.bot Into . ~ SM r . M. - - - .

mow-ii. mMP-m rum-no WW .‘lechnflohuildt. Yamdmm'fii’i. for..muii§2himifi§°€ul 7‘ ‘3. mention The Michigan-Farmer.





';.i(",|(.‘b_;;.‘l ."« 6 TE i, ,-. " . H .. ;.
. “r, .

v‘ I

3-x».





8





Touring Car





/"/1~

.§ \

--~ «‘x‘,

. 1w , ,

lflhur _- min - ,

NL___UT " ' "





, "—





\.|:M1.liu'.! IM ... m





f. e. b. Tolede





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There are two kinds of ignition—the

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Many automobiles nowadays have only

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But don’t be misled.





Cars equipped with the plain battery

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There is but one system which furn-

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all conditions.



That is the high tension magneto system.





Practically all of the highest priced

cars have it.





So has the Overland.





 





IT’S FREE





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County ............................... State .................................





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