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. WWEEKLY 511501843

5 . - PUBLISHE , 6





The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticultural, and Live Stock Journal in the State.





 





xv‘ii;~lf§:§gu“3szgz DETROIT, MICH., SATURDAY, JULY 3, 1915. a





HEDEDEJFZDENQE DBY‘





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The Michigan Farmer

Mind. 1843. Copyright; 1915.





The Lawrence Publishing Co.





Editors and Proprietors.

39 to 45 Co- St. West. Detroit. lineman

'rrnnrnonm Mam 4625.

NEW YORK OFFICE-‘41 Park Row.

CHICAGO OFFER—604 Advertising Building.

CLEVELAND OFFICE—10114015 Oregon Ave.. N. E.

PHILADELPHIA OFFICE-214418 Twelfth St.





 





 





 





m, 1, LAWRENCE .................................... President

M, L. LAWRENCE ............................... vice-Premium:l

1.;_ it. HOUGHTON....................................5ec.-Trca9,

I. R. WATERBURY ................................



llUR'l‘ WERMUTH............................. Assoicate

FRANK A. WILKEN ................................. Editors

ALTA LAWSON LITTELL ........................



15. ll. HOUGHTON -------------------------- Business Manager





 





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Canadian subscriptions 50c 21 year extra for postage.





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inch tl-l agate lines per inch) per insertion. No adv’t In

ssrtcd for less than SLZU each'insertion. No objection:

able advertisements inserted at any price.





 





Mem Standarfi arm Papers Association and Audit

Bureau of Circulation. '





 





L'utcrcd as Second class matter at the Detroit. Michigan.

postolhce.





' DETROIT Juriyl_3,_41915.





 





 





Independence Day





EVER on earth did bell peal



forth a more splendid message



to mankind than the Great “'Lib-

erty Bell in the tower of Independence

Hall, Philadelphia, in the forenoon of

July fourth, seventeen seventy-six, as

it announced the birth of Independent

America.



To the Continental Congresses of

1774 and 1776 the thirteen colonies

sent strong men. They were men of

independent views and on many ques—

tions, had widely varying opinions but

a love of reasonable liberty so domi-

nated their souls that they were able

to subordinate and adjust all differ-

ences in behalf of the one great pur-

pose.



Literary ingenuity and fanciful stud-

ies of uncertain historical data, have

at times given a touch of confusion as

to the authorship of the Declaration

of Independence; but history seems to

have made concerning the matter, this

final entry.



The document was prepared by Jef-

ferson at the instance of the commit-

tee and approved by them with but

the very slight change of a word or

two.



Later the committee yielded to the

urgent request of numerous delegates

and eliminated the paragraphs con<

coming the slave trade.‘



As so reported by the Congress it

was adopted with but one dissenting

vote.



There is glory enough for us all in

the fact that the Declaration of Inde-

pcndence was “made in America.”





That declaration which the old bell

announced has stood for a hundred





and thirty—nine years and this day

finds the great republic which was





constructed upon the foundation of

the federated colonies, grown to vast

proportions, cherishing one flag, in a

unity of purpose and spirit that is the

marvel of human history.



Well may the peoples of Europe

wish that some liberty bell might ring

out glad tidings for them!



Well may the despairing millions of

Europe call to the bells of Tennyson:

"11mg out the oldz‘xrin'g in the new





Ring out the thousand years of war

:1 :g: :1: :l: :1:





1





Ring in the thousand years of peace

:1: i: :1: :l: *





Ring in the Christ that is to be.”





CURRENT COMMENT.





 





. The idea of san-

The Safe and Sane ity and safety in

Fourth. the celebration



of Independence



Day has steadily gained ground dur-

ing recent years. While most of our

people are generally appreciative of





\





 





 





THE MlCHIGAN‘ FABMER, ME}





this gain in 'Saret’y in tile éeiebF'ation

of the national holiday; there are still

some who talk of the good ‘old times

and long for the noisy celebration of





('03 O .





been leased for crop growing purposes.

with resulting crdp failures for Lsuéceo

sire years until the leases were com

sidercd‘ valueless because the rainfall





long ago. This misplaced enthusiasm. was insufficient even under the best





should not, however, cause any relax-

ation of our vigilance for the safety of

the young patriots to whom the Fourth

of July is a red letter day



Statistics carefully collected show a

very remarkable gain in the direction

of safe celebrations during recent

years. In 1903 there were reported

417 cases of tetanus in 30 states re-

sulting from the injuries sustained

from the use of dangerous explosives

in Fourth of July celebrations In

1914 there were but three cases in

three states, although there were, of

course, many minor injuries which

could easily have been avoided by a

further application of the safety idea.

Two of the three cases of tetanus men-

tioned were caused through injuries

from the' use of blank cartridges,

which are said to have caused a large

part of the tetanus infection from the

injuries suffered during the celebra-

tions of the past 12 years. So import—

ant is this fact considered that the

health department of a nearby state

has issued a warning against the use

of blank cartridges for such celebra-

tion. -

While there has been, -as above not-

ed, a large decrease in cases of tetan—

us infection from the injuries suf—

fered in celebrating the Fourth, last

year’s record was high enough with 40

persons killed and 1,460” injured. Ev-

ery precaution should be taken by par-

ents to prevent the injury of their

children from the use of dangerous

explosives in such celebrations. Not

only that, but in case of injury,

prompt action should be taken to have

the wounds properly dressed, and in

view of the peculiar danger from

wounds of this kind it is always a

wise course to call the family physi-

cian at once to dress the wound, even

though the injuries may be considered

as slight or even trifling.





Michigan people do

Freaky Climates. their share of com-

' plaining about the

weather. It is generally too hot or too

cold, too wet or too dry to please a

very large number of people, particu-

larly farmers whose business as well

as pleasure. depends upon weather

conditions to a greater degree than

is the case with almost any other

class of citizens, but while we may

have backward springs like the pres-

ent, while it frequently may be too

wet for best results with crops on

poorly drained land and while severe

midsummer drouths have occurred

within the memory of most Michigan

farmers, yet seed time and harvest

come with considerable regularity and

the harvest generally compares favor-

ably with that secured in any other

section of the country.



The diversity of our agriculture

makes this more certainly true, since

weather conditions which may be un-

favorable for one crop do not handi-

cap others so severely. If we pause

to make a comparison of our climatic

conditions with those in other sections

of the country, where rainfall is in-

sufficient and where untimely frosts

are an almost certain handicap, we

would not be inclined to complain so

greatly about Michigan weather.



We are in receipt of a letter written

to a prominent Clinton county farmer

by his son who lives in one of the

semi-arid western states where dry

farming methods have been in vogue

in recent years, but where irrigation

is now being developed in order to

make crop production reasonably cer-

tain. In this letter a surprising cli-

matic condition is described which

will afford food for thought as well as

material for comparison when we are

inclined to think that Michigan weath-

er is the worst possible. The letter

contains a statement to the effect

that‘s. gobd many homesteads had





methods of conservation to-grow good

crops, but this year it is different. Last

fall copious rains fell, last winter





there was a good fall~of snow with-





neither freezing nor thawing of

ground, the snow going off gradually,

and the water all soaking in. This





spring it continues to rain, with the‘





surprising result that fields. which

were seeded to grain one, two and

three years ago are producing volun-

teer crops which promise an excellent

harvest. ‘



People who are frequently heard to

assert that Michigan has the most dis-

agreeable and variable climate of any

state in the country may at least find

consolation in the fact that while it is

sufficiently variable sothat we never

lose a mild interest in the weather, it

is not so erratic as to make our crops

altogether uncertain or our agricul-

true wholly a gamble.





The catalog of the

Michigan State Fair

for 1915 is now be—

ing distributed. The

premium list for this Sixty-Sixth An-

nual State Fair which will be held at

Detroit September 6-15, inclusive, lists

liberal prizes for every kind of agri—

cultural product which might be ex-

hibited. It should be carefully studied

by every up-to-date farmer who has

products of exceptional merit, which if

exhibited would add to the education-

al value of the fair. The act of enter-

ing and exhibiting products in such

competition should not, however, be

looked upon as a philanthropic under-

taking by any farmer. Whether he

succeeds in carrying off a sweep-

stakes prize or not, the exhibition of

farm products of any kind will give

the exhibitor an added interest in the

fair, and will cause him to study other

exhibits more carefully than he would

otherwise do, thus making the fair of

greater personal educational value to

him through the very act of entering

the competition.



It will be profitable to any farmer

who has products of high quality to

enter same for exhibition at the state

fair. If he is a good judge of quality,

he should be able to pay his expenses

to the fair from the premium awards,

and if he is not a good judge, he will

be a far better judge after competing

in this show. '



The farmers of Michigan should

make the fair of even greater educa-

tional value this year than eyer before

by increased interest in all depart-

ments. Send for a copy of the cat

alog and look over the premium

list; it may result in an inspiration.





Get a State Fair

Catalog.





In another column of

this issue appears an

article on fitting the

colts for exhibition. Probably many

Michigan Farmer readers may not be

directly interested in this discussion.

Not so long ago we would not have

considered it a. tepic of sufficient gen-

eral interest to warrant its publica-

tion. Now we do.



Last winter a colt show was held in

connection with the annual live stock

meeting-held at the Agricultural Col-

lege. The show brought out a fine

lot of exhibits which were watched at

their paces in the ring by a large and

appreciative audience. One who saw

that fine lot of colts and the enthusi—

astic farmers who viewed them, could

not do less than acknowledge the edu‘

cational value of such a show. Nor

could he doubt that it is worth while

to produce colts good enough to com-

pete successfully in such a Show.



It will pay the farmer who has some

well-bred colts in his field, to feed

them for exhibition whether he ever

shows them or not. The idea of gen-

erous feeding is one which may be

profitably entertained by every owner

of young animals, and the production





Colt Shows.





1“] \4- <5 JULY- 3,‘ 1915.1





l V





of. show animgls is'a. wholesome incen-





tive to that. end.





 





A CORRECTION.





 





A typographical error in the adver-

tisement of the Ohio Rake '00., Day-

ton, Ohio, which appeared on Page 643"





of the Michigan Farmer for June 5‘





made the first paragraph in the adver-

tisement read as follows: :





Imitation is the sincerest form





of flattery. The Hayes-D3.

yton



of flattery. The Hayes-Dayton



market last year—since that





time a flood of imitators have

followed in its wake. But the





Hayes-Dayton has been tried and

found right.





This paragraph should have read as





follows :





Imitation is the sincerest form

of flattery. The Hayes-Dayton

was perfected and put on the‘





market last year—since that

time a. flood of imitators , have

followed in its wake ‘ But the





Hayes-Dayton has been tried and

found ' right.





The same advertisement appears on

Page 15 of this issue.





 





HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.





 





Foreign. .

The German Allies continued sue-

cessful 'in their campaign against the

Russran army in Galicia until they

captured Lemberg. The Russians con-

srder the capture of no- great import-

ance as the retreat was an orderly

one. During the latter part of the

week the Russians succeeded in check

mg the Teutonic advance. The Ger:

mans‘succeeded in crossing the Dnies-

for River and are driving the Russians

back to the north and east of Lem~

berg. At the western front the French

were successful in capturing the Laby:

rinth, an important defense work of

the Germans in northern France. Dav-

1d Lloyd George, the new minister of

munitions, has given British labor sev~

on days to get enough men to man

the factories to produce a maximum

supply .of munitions of war. Compul-

s10n Will be used if an adequate sup

ply of labor is not secured. The French

and British succeeded in making gains

in their land operations on the Euro-

pean sxde of the Dardanelles. * .





Hungary is now taking control of

all the grain crops of that country,

with the exception of maize. Farmers

Will be_permltted to reserve a supply

for their own households at the rate

of 40 pounds per head per month.



National.



Last week English sterlin exchan e

fell to the lowest level itg has evir

reached on the. New York market.

This cased some depression in busi-

ness Circles of this country by reason

of the fact that the sterling has hith-

erto been the international standard

of value. The large balance of trade

in our favor during the past season

has enabled this country to absorb

the gradual sale of American securi-

ties held abroad and thereby main-

tained and strengthened our financial

posmon among nations. The question

of utmost importance is just what

means will be employed to finance

the large purchases being made and

to be made in this country by foreign-

ers“ Domestic business shows grad

ual improvement, fewer men are idle,

collections seem good and crops are

promismg.



General Victoriana Huerta, former

provisional president of Mexico, and

General Pasenal Orozzo were arrested

at El Paso, Texas, June 27, on charges

of conspiring to incite a revolution

against a friendly country. United

tion arriving at El Paso was due to

States officials learned that ammuni-

Huerta’s activity. Both generals will

be held under bond until word from

Washington is received. ‘ '





_William Lefler, an American who re-

s1des in Detroit, but worked as watch-

man at the Tate Electric Co., of Walk«

erville, Ont, was arrested as an ac-

complice in the dynamiting of the fac-

tory of the Peabody Co., of Walker-

ville, June 25. In his confession he

c1aims.to have been hired by another

Detroiter to do the work, the dyna-

mite having been smuggled across the

river. The same night an attempt was

also made to blow up the armory at

Windsor. The Peabody Company

made uniforms for the British army.

Lefler is of German descent.



The post office department will be-

gin the distribution of mail in rural

communities on 105 R. F. D. routes bv

automobile on August 2. The length

of these routes will range from 55 to

57 miles and will serve from 130 to





'470 families, which is about twice the





number served by the lewer vehicles.

This service is to be installed. here

the roads will permit the regulé. use

of motor cars. '
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JULY 3, 1915.1 .





 





THE-MICHIGAN FARMER





Growing Sweet Clover





HERE are several enthusiasts



writing and talking very freely



about the merits of sweet clover.

Some seem to wish to convey the

idea that it is a new discovery, and

they must do their utmost in lauding

it to attract the attention of farmers

and induce them, if possible, to grow

it. One writer goes so far as to de-

clare it “the best of the clovers.”





While it is only recently that farm-

ers have tried to grow sweet clover as

a forage crop, it has been known to

them for many and many years. A

long time ago it was introduced into

this country from Europe simply be-

cause it is a fragrant flowering plant.

Farmers’ wives planted it in their

flower gardens. The seed matured

and dropped to the ground, grew the

following year and became, in some

cases against the wishes of the own-

ers of the premises, a plant which was

inclined to cling to the place where it

was first given a chance to take root.



In many different ways the sweet

clover seeds were carried to different

places on the farm, taking root and

thriving well in out of the way and

abandoned places. In some way un-

known to the farmers the seed has





‘ been spread and left on the hard and





stony places by the side of the road,

seeming to thrive best when abused

the most. It being a rank grower it

has been declared and treated as a

nuisance.



A peculiarly disagreeable flavor of

the sweet clover plant while growing,

no doubt, had much to do in deferring

the day when it would be' utilized as

a pasture plant. Farm stock have eat-

en other herbage around it and left it

alone for many years, and it was con-





sidered a worthless encumberer of the





ground. It was subsequently discov-

ered that farm stock could be starved

to eat it and learn to like it. Another

important discovery was made; when

the sweet clover had been cut and

cured, as we cure hay, the disagree-

able odor and flavor had departed and

farm stock consume it with a relish.

Then chemical analyses established its

value as feed.

Where to Sow Sweet Slover.



I am not one of those that seem to

be ready to say that sweet clover is

the crop we should use to revolution-

ize and change our well established

system of stock and grain farming. I

am not ready to say that I think that

sweet clover should take the place of

June clover in the rotation of crops,

only in exceptional cases. We had

better study its nature and its needs

before we place too much dependence

on it as a forage crop in the rotation.

Because it thrives at the outer edges

of stone piles, in gravel pits, beside

the highway, on the hard surface be-

side the traveled road, and many oth-

er places. where other forage plants

can not be successfully grown, it

should be remembered that those iso-

lated spears of sweet clover have a

considerable ground to themselves

and can secure an abundance of plant

food, but if compelled to exist beside

several other plants of the same kind,

the whole of them would make but a

feeble growth.



It has been found that sweet clover

will make a good growth on light,

,sandy places if supplied with the nec-

essary requirements as to moisture,

nitrogen gatherering bacteria and

lime. It will get a foothold on hard,

white clay where but little else will

grow. It will grow on land too wet

for other clovers, and so sour that

they can not stay. It will make a

good crop on land so stony that it is



é nearly, if not quite, impossible to mow

j the other clovers, and as it is a rank

lgrower, it can be cut high, leaving a

,long stub of the stalk, and at same

time yield a good crop of forage, If

;you have a hard, poor piece of ground

lacking in humus, try sweet clover.





 





Wait .until you learn it pretty well be-

fore putting it on your best and most

fertile fields. ' .



Some Things Sweet Clover Needs.



It should be remembered that sweet

clover is a legume, and therefore must

have an abundance of lime in the soil

in order to be successfully grown.

That is one reason why it thrives so

well in coarse gravel. Such soils have

considerable available lime in them.

If there is not sufficient lime in the

soil to meet the needs of the clover it

is best to supply it before sowing the

seed. ,



It is claimed that sweet clover is a

second cousin to alfalfa, and like the

alfalfa must be accompanied with the





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A New and Efficient





same kind of bacteria that gather the

nitrogen from the air that circulates

in the soil. Before sowing where

neither alfalfa or sweet clover has

been grown, either use what is called

the commercial culture for alfalfa, or

get some dirt from a field or spot

where some sweet clover has been

grown, sow it on the surface of the

ground, and work it in at once, before

sowing the sweet clover seed.



The seed bed where sweet clover is

to be sown should be packed down

hard, as it does not like a loose soil

in which to start.



Sweet clover improves the physical

condition of heavy soils where it is

grown. The fertility of the soil is im-

proved by the large quantities of





BUILDING WIRE FENCE.



The life of a wire fence and the sat-

isfaction in its use depends largely on

the methods used in its erection. The

most important consideration in this

connection is the method of anchoring

the fence at the ends, or the bracing

of the end posts. The following meth-

od, originated by a leading manufac-

turer has points of exceptional merit.

The end brace shown in the accom-

panying cut is both simple and effec-

tive, and has the same effect as a

cable brace running from the top of

the end post to an anchorage fifteen

feet back, and has not the disadvan-

tage that such a brace would have in

that in most cases it would be very

much in the way. By the accompany-

ing cut it will be seen that the brace

31





 





   

 

   





 





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Method of Bracing.





has exactly the same holding power

as if such were the case.



By the usual method the slant of the

brace has the tendency to lift the post

from the ground, whereas by the slant

at which we set the brace it helps to

hold the post in the ground. The up-

ward thrust on the second post caus-

ed by the slant of the brace is over-

come by the wire connection to the

anchorage back of the end post. One

of the advantages of this brace is that

the hole for the end post can be bored

the same as one of the other post

holes. The only digging necessary be-

ing a hole about three feet long, and

two feet deep to bury the anchorage

which should consist of a piece of

4x4-inch scantling three feet long, or





 





 





A Common Method of Bracing End Posts.

post of a similar





nitrogen left in the soil where sweet

clover has grown. Animals eating

sweet clover when it is green, do not

bloat, as is often the case after eating

alfalfa or June clover.



There are two kinds of the SWeet

clover; one produces yellow blossoms

and the other white ones. Both kinds

yield a large amount of forage, but

the kind bearing white blossoms is

considered better than the other.



Give sweet clover a trial; learn its

needs and supply them, and in due

time it will be appreciated for all the

merit there is in it. If adopted and

used in the place of June clover and

alfalfa as a crop to raiSe on the best

fields, there are reasons to believe

that disappointment will follow.



Wayne Co. N. A. CLAPP.





a piece of cedar

length



For the brace cable use about four

or six strands of soft No. 9 wire, the

number of strands depending upOn the

length of the stretch. Before fasten-

ing fence on the end post put the

brace wire in place, and twist until

the post barely starts to slant. Then

stand a roll of fence near the end post

with enough unrolled to reach around

the post. Splice the fence around the

end post, taking great care to have

the stay wire perpendicular for if you

are not careful in this matter, all the

stays will be curved, and will not give

a presentable appearance. Lay the

roll on the ground with the bottom of

the fence to the post and unroll. In a

straight stretch eighty rods can be





3-3





V stretched at a time, if you have a.





good stretcher, by splicing the bales

together.



When splicing two bales always put

tw0 stays together and wrap the ends

of the, line wires on.the opposite side

of the stays. If the ground is uneven

the fence should be drawn to the post

and stapled temporary behind the stay

before applying the tension Draw the

fence up uhtil it sings. If braced ac-

cording to our instruction the end

post will hold, and the fence wants to

be drawn up until nearly all the crimp

is pulled out of it. In low places the

posts may have to- be anchored to

keep the fence from drawing them out

of the ground. An anchorage for this

purpose is simple and can be put in

without any trouble.





Dig a hole about two feet square

and about two or two and a. half

feet deep, and in the center bore a

regular post hole to the depth the

post should be set in the ground.

Place the post in position and mark

the level of the bottom of the large

hole. Remove the post, and cut mor-

tises in about two inches deep on

either sides, and spike a 2x4 scant-

ling two feet long on either side. Then

nail a board or two on the scantling

on each side of the post, thus form-

ing a small platform on the post. Now

insert the post in the hole and fill in

the earth. Tramp the filling in solid

and the post will not pull out.





For fence to seretch on uneven

ground always use a rectangular mesh

fence as it will conform to the lay of

the land much better than any other.



If putting in anchorage for posts in

the yard fence, when putting up a

narrow walk gate, one anchorage will

do for both braces.’ It is necessary

when bracing this way that the fence

be spliced around the end post so the

fence when under tension will not

twist the post, thereby displacing the

brace.



Staples should never be driven tight

on the line posts as the fence is more

elastic when under pressure from

some animal running against it or to

climatic conditions when it can move

freely under the staples. It is also a

good plan when driving the staples to

twist them sideways so that the points

will not be one above the other. If

driven perfectly straight over the wire

they are more easily pulled out later

on when the post dries out and shows

cracks. Any of the many clamp

stretchers are suitable for the work.

With a double draw stretcher you can

stand a much better chance of making

a good job of your fence as you can

pull both top and bottom even, which

is not always easily done with a sin-

gle draw stretcher.





 





DRAINING THE FARM.





 





A young college student was asked

one day by his father what he consid-

ered the best paying investments on

the farm. The boy replied that the

silo and the farm drain were of the

greatest value. And he just about hit

the nail on the head. Most farmers

have the silos now but there are many

farms which would be greatly improv-

ed if they were properly drained.

When we say properly drained, we

mean that very thing because a drain

is of no value unless it is properly

laid.



The effects of drainage are many

and important. These are some of the

more important effects.



1. Drainage opens the inter spaces

between the soil particles, thereby al-

lowing the air and sunlight to enter

the soil. The entrance of the air into

the soil promotes the growth of the

nitro bacteria which are so important.



2. Drainage makes a greater depth

of soil, loosening the soil to a greater

depth, enabling the plant to get more

out of the soil.



3. Drainage increases the soil tem-

perature because it removes the water

from the soil. The increase in tem-
4—4 .





perature is from six to ten degrees.’

' 4. Drainage improves the texture of ‘

the soil by loosening the soil and the'

water in going down through the soil

deposits considerable fertilizer and

plant food. When the water is taken

away, the land does not bake as it

does when the water is allowed to

stand on the land. .



5. Drainage lengthens the seasons

because the land can be worked ear-

lier in the spring when it is drained.

Wet weather does not hinder the

working of. the soil so much when the

water is taken‘ care of.



6. The sanitary conditions of the

farm are increased and the diSeases

among the farm animals and among

the people are decreased.



7. Drought and frost effects are

lessened and the losses from washing

are decreased by drainage.



8. And the attractions for the farm

are promoted and the profits of the

farm are increased when the farm is

drained.



Kind‘ and Capacity of Drains.



The kinds of drains to construct is

a question which the local conditions

ought to control. The closed drain is

more expensive to buy and construct,

the repairs are expensive and obstruc-

tions in the drain are difficult to lo-

cate. However, the advantages of the

closed drain in most cases more than

offset the few disadvantages. In the

closed drain you have a perfect and

uniform channel which is not easily

obstructed. The water has to go

through the soil to reach the drain

and so the fertilizing elements are left

in the soil. And the closed drain can

be worked over and no space is ren-

dered unfit for cultivation. For the

general farm and for general condi-

tions the tile drain is the best when

taking all these points into consider-

ation.



The size of the tile to be used will

depend altogether on the amount of

water to be removed. I believe that

the smallest tile that should be used

is four-inch tile. Smaller tile than

that stop up too easily to be practical.

When figuring drains for city use, the

maximum must be provided for, but

on the farm it is more economical not

to provide for the exceptional showers

which occur occasionally. The farm

drain should provide for the removal

of one—half inch of rainfall in 24 hours.

That would mean 1815 cubic feet of

water per acre.





Grade and Depth of Tile Drains.



Where drainage is most necessary,

there is generally the least grade. A

grade of three inches to 100 feet is

possible with a four-inch tile but a.

larger grade is much more satisfac-

tory. The grade must be uniform.

Many of the drains which are put in

are placed by guess and the ditcher

guesses wrong. The grade should be

all figured out before the ditch is dug.

If a level is not handy, a common car-

penter’s level and a straight—edge can

he used to advantage.



Most drains are not put in deep

enough. A deep drain will not work

so well as will a more shallow one for

the first. year or so, but after the

ground gets loosenbd up the water will

find its way to the deeper drain and

it will come from a wider strip than

it will to a shallow drain. Three and

a half feet is about the proper depth

for the lateral drains. The distance

apart. for the laterals depends upon

the soil and the topography of the

land. Authorities differ upon this ques-

tion and recommend from 60 to 200

feet.‘ There is an old rule which says

that the distance between the laterals

should be as many rods as the tile is

feet below the ground.



Silt basins at intervals along the

line of tile are a very good thing.

They allowr for the collection of the

silt in the drainage water and also

help you to find the obstruction in the

tile. These basins should be placed

by the fence or in some place where

they will not obstruct the cultivating

of the land. ‘





 





THE MICHIGA



And one of the moat important as

well as neglected things about'drain-

age is keeping a record of the drain.

So many drains are put in and then

when, for some reason or other they

have to be taken up, you have to dig

all over the lot to locate them. It is

not much of a job to make a map of

the drain when it is put in and it will

save considerable trouble later.



As in all lines of work, good horse

sense should be the predominating in-

fluence in making a drain. There are

no set of rules and there is no, one

system of drainage which will meet all

the conditions which come up when





you start mama. "Each piece of land

presents a diflerent problem. The gen-

eral rules for draining are invaluable

but they have to be altered to fit the

individual case at hand. As our farm-

ing becomes more intensified, the bet-

ter will we have to drain our land. If

it is a good thing for intensified farm-

ing why is it not good for the farm

where the farming is not so intensi-

fied. Farm drainage is rapidly gain-

ing in favor at the present time and

the sooner that farmers realize the

benefits derived from it, the more

profits will they realize from their

farms L. S. BRUMM.





llIIlIllIIlullillllllllmilliflflltlfl|IUllillflIlillltllllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHtllllllllllilll|IlllllHIll|IlllllllIlll|"llIlllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllHIIIIINllllIllIIIIIIllllmlHill"!!!llllllliillllllillllillllllmililllllll





Grain Versus Stock Farming





WAS very much interested in the

article, “Stockiess Farming, which

appeared in the Michigan Farmer

for May 29, 1915. This was partly be-

cause it was the first of its kind I

have seen in the paper, and partly be-

cause it opens up an exceedingly large

field for discussion. It has been my

good fortune to be educated at the lil-

inois Agricultural College where strong

emphasis is laid upon the subject of

soil fertility. The statements and ar-

guments that I shall make use of were

largely obtained while there, from in—

structors, and from Dr. C. G. Hopkins’

invaluable book, “Soil Fertility and

Permanent Agriculture."

The term “Stockless Farming” or





“Grain Farming," as it is more prop-.





erly called, means a system of farm-

ing in which the products of the farm

are sold directly, and not through be-

ing fed to live stock. Of course, all

farmers must have some horses to

work with, and most farmers prefer to

keep enough cows and hogs for their

own use. The question that these

farmers ask is, How can I best main-

tain the fertility and productiveness

of my farm?” And the answer usually

given is, “Keep live stock.” Which

answer is ’very poor advice. It is a

fact that a farm can more easily be

kept fertile without live stock than it

can with livestock. A great many

readers may question this fact, but it

remains a fact nevertheless. In a

great many cases grain farming can

also be made more profitable than live

stock farming. This, however, is large-

ly a. matter that depends upon loca-

tion, preference of the owner, etc.



I do not mean that one can raise

grain, hay, etc., then sell everything,

including the straw, hay, and corn-

stalks, and still maintain the fertility

of the soil. It is not possible to do

that. We must understand that soil

can wear out, and that very quickly.

and in order to keep it producing good

crops indefinitely we must return to

the soil the equivalent of what we re-

move from it. We must return as

much fertility to the soil as we take

from it. If we do not it will be but a

matter of years until our soils will not

produce as they can easily be made

to produce.



On most Michigan so'ls the two

chemical elements which are most lia-

ble to be exhausted are nitrogen and

phosphorus. Of the two nitrogen is

the most necessary to secure, and also

the easiest. it can be taken from the

air by growing legumes and plowing

them under. Clover is most commonly

used. Phosphorus must be bought and

can be most cheaply obtained in the

form of raw rock phosphate. If it so

happens that the soil on a farm has

become sour and acid and will not

grow clover, it must be sweetened by

the application of ground limestone.



Let us, for example, considera grain

farm on which a three-year rotation of

corn, oats and clover is practiced. All

of the cornstalks, straw, clover, and

clover hulls would be returned to the

soil, and only the corn, oats, and clo-

ver seed would be sold. Assuming





yields of 50 bushels of corn 30 bush-

els of oats, three bushels of clover seed

and two tons of hay and chaff, we can,

soon find out about the nitrogen. Fifty





bushels of corn, 50 pounds of nitrogen,

50 bushels of oats contain about 20

pounds, and three bushels of clover

seed contain five pounds, making a

total cf 75 pounds of nitrogen that is

removed from each acre in three

years. We assume no loss from the

straw and stalks. The clover plant

secures two-thirds of its nitrogen from

the air and one-third from the 'soil, on

normal soils. It also contains about

two-thirds of its nitrogen in the tops,

and one-third in the roots. From this

we can see that the nitrogen contain-

ed in the hay and chaif is really ob-

tained entirely from the air, that in

the roots being taken from the ground.

Now clover hay contains about 40

pounds of nitrogen per ton. So, in a

two-ton yield, 80 pounds of nitrogen

would be secured, which was taken

from the air. If we return this to the

soil we would really return five pounds

more than we have taken from it. If

one grows sweet clover instead of red

clover, still more nitrogen will be re-

turned to the soil, because it will yield

nearly double what red clover will.

Now suppose again, that instead of

selling the grain, one should feed it

all to stock. The corn would best be

in the form of silage, the straw would

be fed or used as bedding, and the hay

would be fed. Two cuttings of hay

would probably be made and no seed

crop taken. The main difficulty in this

system of farming is that of saving

the manure. In order to get all of

the fertility in the manure it should

be spread on the land the same day

it is made, and all of the liquid should

be preserved. We can understand

why the liquid is so important when

we-know that in a mature animal

nearly two-thirds of the total nitrogen

consumed is excreted in the liquid ma-

nure, and about one—third in the solid.

The only way fertility can be imain‘

tained in this kind of farming is

through saving every bit of the ma-

nure. This means concrete stables, a

concrete cistern for the liquid ma-

nure, a tank wagon to sprinkle the

liquid on'the land, manure Spreaders,

and a great deal of hired help.

Another difficulty encountered here

is the fact that cattle destroy about

three-fourths of the organic matter

that they consume, in the digestive

proceSSes and in maintaining the heat

of the body. Organic matter is the

life of the soil and must be supplied

if a soil is to produce as it should. It

fills the soil with bacteria, gives them

food whereby to carry on their work

of making plant food available, and

helps to keep the soil open and warm.

In conclusion, let me say that these

are not theories, but facts, that have

been proven by men of science with

unlimited means to secure the truth

in regard to this, the greatest of agri-

cultural problems. And facts always

go much farther than opinions.

Mecosta Co. D. D. Tmnrrs.





Editor’s Note—Neither scientists

nor practical farmers are agreed as to

the most economical method of sup-

plying needed phosphorus on Michigan

soils, where conditions are much dif-

ferent than in Illinois. The prepond—

erance of opinion among the latter

favors the use of available prosphoric

acid, except perhaps where the soil is

unusually well supplied with vegeta-

ble matter. ‘





JULY 3. 1915.’





lesson FERTILITY PROBLEM; ,





 





The, editor, Mr. Johnson, of the 5:

Grand Rapids News, has offered Mr. "

Height, 8. rich Muskegon manufactub -





er, $1,000 for one bushel of wheat





grown on. a 10-acre field of Muskegon .

county lake shore sand, the whole ‘





field to produce 300 bushels of 30

bushels per acre. I think Mr. Haight

will get the $1,000. I feel sure the

thing can be done, but it will cost

more than the wheat is worth to pro-

duce it. .



Those of us who have given some

thought to the essentials of soil for

tility can believe that this light land

can be made productive. Any land

can be made productive. It is a sim-

ple matter, but it costs. The real ques‘

tion is, is it practical? There are four

essentials for a fertile soil:



First, the soil must be well drained.

This sand is. Heavy soils must be

til-ed. Drainage is the foundation of

fertility. -



Second, the soil must be sweet, not

sour. Crops cannot thrive on sour

land. Soil must contain sufficient car-

bonate of lime to keep it sweet. This

Muskegon sand does not. Large quan-

tities of lime must be supplied. All

soils in time must be supplied with

lime to give best results. In time the

best of soils will fail to produce good

crops unless lime is applied.



Third, a fertile soil contains a shift

cient amount of organic matter to en-

able it to hold moisture for the grow-

ing plant. If one had complete con-

trol of the moisture supply, then

humus would not be so important.

This sand is very deficient in humus

and large amounts must be supplied.



Fourth, soil must contain suflicient

available plant food. Our rich soils

do contain a good amount of plant

food and the decaying of organic mat-

ter renders the food available. After

a time our best soils become deficient

in available plant food and to get the

best results it must be supplied. This

light sand is deficient in plant food to

begin with. It must be supplied at the

start in liberal quantities. This can

be done by applying stable manure or

commercial fertilizer.



Mr. Haight is a man of ample

means and he can supply any element

or essential the land lacks. He can

build this soil up until it is very pm

ductive. There is not a doubt in my

mind about that. And he will have a

lot of pleasure in winning Mr. John«

son's $1,009 and he will accomplish

some good, too,. No man ever did a

thing like this without being a. bene-

factor to man. But I don't believe he

will solve the problem of cheaper liv-

ing for the people. The practical

farmer can not at present prices take

that kind of land and farm it and

make it pay. That is the point. The

practical farmer must live oil his farm.



It is a hard enough proposition to

take land that was once fertile, but

now run down, and build it up and

make a living at the same time, but

this proposition is much more simple

than Mr. Haight's. Land, that was

once fertile perhaps needs only a little

humus, a little lime, a little fertilizer

to grow good crops, but this sand land

needs nearly the whole ration for the

plant. My judgment is that the prices of

products must be higher than they are

today before it will pay to farm the

greater portion of our sandy plains.

We will first rehabilitate the produo

ing power of our vast area of “run-

down” land which can be done at very

much less expense. While Mr. Haight

is attempting a very interesting prob-

lem, Mr. Hill is solvinga much more

practical one in the northwest.



COLON C. LrLLm.





 





“Try-a-bag” of fertilizer. Our brands .

are soluble and active, and not only '

increase yield, but improve quality;

and hasten maturity. Agents wanted. '

Address American Agricultural Chem- .

ical 00., Cleveland. Cincinnati. Detroit '





or Baltimore—Adv.





 





 





______1.._ -.-..— I... '





‘0-
_ of nitrate of soda may be made.

1 should be applied by hand along the





JULY 3, 1915.





THE MICHIGAN FARMF-R





 





_____lllllllllll|III|IlilllilHIIllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIIllIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH||llllllllllIIIIIllllllllllIIlIlIIIIIHIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII .IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII|IllIIIIII|IIIIIIIIIiiIlIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE

Horticulture. g

glllllllIllIIIllII|IIIIIIlllllllIIIIIIIII|Ill|IIIII||III|III||IIIIIII||IIIIIllII|II|III|lIllllI|Il|II|lll|III|IIIIIII|IllIIllIIl|I|lllllIIIIIII|ll|IIIIIII|IIIIII|lllIll|llIllllIIIIII|||III|I||||IIII||I||l||II|Il|IlllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII-Ei;





Cl)





LMOST before this year’s crop

is out of the way we should be-

gin to prepare for the next one.



The several things that one can and

should do during the growing season

to the strawberry patches have great

influence on the next season’s crop.



If the strawberry patch is going to

be kept for fruiting another season,

the process of renewing it should be-

gin shortly after the crop has been

harvested. The matted rows, if left

as they are, will be crowded with old

plants which are beyond their best

use for productive purposes, and which

take the moisture and fertility from

the soil that should be available to the

new plants. The process of renewal

is simple and is practically the start-

ing of a new bed in the'place of the

old one without taking the old one up.



Burning Over the Patch.



If the patch has been given proper

care before harvesting it will have a

nice strawy mulch on it. This mulch

should be loosened up and raked in

windrows and if the patch is so situ-

ated that it can be burned over the

tops of the plants should be cut off

with a mower. The tops and the

straw should be spread over the field

and allowed to dry thoroughly and

when the wind is in the proper direc-

tion and the mulching and leaves dry

enough to burn quickly it should be

set afire. If the mulch does not burn

quickly or is too thick over the plants

injury to the crown will result.



The object of this burning over is

to destroy the weed seeds and various

insects and diseases. This makes it

chiefly a work of sanitation. The fer-

tilizing effect of the ashes is also of

value. If the patch is not burned over

the mulching has to be raked off be-

fore the patch is renewed, and thus

the mulching is of little value as a

fertilizer.



After burning over the patch, or

raking off the straw the rows should

be narrowed to the width of one plant

by plowing away from them on each

side. The ridge of plants left should

preferably not be what was the mid-

dle of the old matted row as it con-

tains the oldest plants in the patch

but if the ridge is to either one side

or the other most all of the plants left

will be new ones.



Encouraging Plant Growth.



As this work is usually done during

a dry time the ridge of plants left will

dry out if the work of renewal is not

completed immediately. The plants

in the rows should be hoed out to dis-

tances of about a foot, and if neces-

sary the plants worked out of the

turned-over ground, and then the earth

drawn back to the row. Throughout

the rest of the season the patch should

receive thorough cultivation so as to

encourage the growth of new plants.

If the plants are rather tardy in grow-

ing, an application of 50 to 100 pounds

This





rows of plants. Great care should be





' taken to keep the fertilizer off of the





plants as it will burn them if it touch-

es them.

This method of renewal entails quite





a little work and many prominent

‘ growers think that the results are

. more satisfactory to plow under a

'; patch after it has fruited once, setting

. out a new one each year to take the

j place of the one plowed under.

‘ majority of the strawberry men, how-

. ever, believe that two years of fruit-

. ing is the profitable life of the straw-

; berry bed.





The





A patch left longer than .two years

is not often profitable unless one of





the hill culture systems is used. A

' plant cannot make runners and bear





ummer Care of the Strawberry Patch





fruit without becoming depleted in

vitality. Experience has proven this

to such an extent that many growers

refuse to take plants for new patches

from fruiting beds, but take them from

beds that have not fruited or buy

them from the nursery. Such plants

will give better results because they

are more vigorous and are not “run

out.”

Long-lived Patches.



To get profitable results from a

long—lived patch some form of the hill

system must be practiced. This sys-

tem consists of keeping the runners

off of the plants entirely, letting the

plant devote its entire energies to

fruit production. By this method

patches have been kept profitable for

nearly ten years. The crown of the

plant gets larger and higher each year

and theplants attain a good size.



The past few seasons have not been

profitable ones to the average straw-

berry grower. Rainy weather causing

soft and watery berries, or hot weath-

er which ripened them to fast and

thus caused a slump on the market,

and the help problem at harvesting

time are given as reasons for unprof-

itable results. While these are to an

extent influencing factors in making

the strawberry unprofitable, the great-

est cause is that many of us have not

come to realize that it needs intensive

care, good cultivation and fertiliza-

tion. The time is past when we could

make a profit out of strawberry patch-

es that “just grew.” When one can

get a yield of 3,000 quarts per acre he

is quite sure of a profit. Intensive

care will often bring the yield up to

4,000 and 5,000 quarts. Those who are

bringing about such yields and are

giving some attention to the market-

ing end of the business are not com-

plaining. Such growers might be call-

ed strawberry specialists. A specialist

is one who has given a thorough study

of the work he is undertaking. It

takes a specialist to make a go of any-

thing now days, even strawberries





 





MORE ABOUT HUCKLEBERRIES.

/l





 





In The Farmer of June 13 Isaw, un-

der “Trouble Department,’ an inquiry





from a Barago county subscriber rela-’





tive to raising buckleberries, so-called.

I think if he follows the advice given,

he will get more trouble than buckle-

berries. Why not advise the burning

over of raspberry and blackberry

patches to get a new growth? I have

been in the huckleberry business for

a great many years and find it a very





a.J..~oJ°.





Quality Sells Berries;





 





pleasant and rather profitable busi-~





ness, and would just as soon think of

setting my barn afire so as to have a

new one, as I would to fire my swamp.



The rearing of high bush blueber-

ries, i. e., huckleberries, is as safe and

sure a business as that of raising any

other variety of berries or fruit. The

plants are easily grown from seed, or

slips and range from very sweet to

very sour, and in ripening from June

30 to September 10.



Kent Co. W. Jonxsow.





The authorities 011 the huckleberry

that we have been able to look up

agree that the burning over of the

huckleberry swamp, or patch,is one of

the essentials in the management of it.

The Maine Experiment Station has

made an extensive investigation of

huckleberry culture and in one case

they found 40,000 acres in huckleber-

ries which belonged to one man. He

divided this acreage in small tracts

and leased them to others. One of

the chief provisions in the leases was

the proper burning over of the patch.



A burning over once in three years

is considered proper by prominent

huckleberry men. This should be done

in spring before it gets too dry, other-

wise injury from burning too deep will

result—Eds.





 





THE RHUBARB PATCH.





 





In my market gardening work I

have found that there is but little de-

mand for rhubarb after the middle of

June, as after that time there are so

many other vegetables and fruits that

customers prefer. The rhubarb is us-

ually quite. profitable, so we can well

afford to take great pains with it, and

be very liberal in the use of manures

or commercial fertilizers. Rhubarb is

a gross feeder and the more plant

food we put in its reach the more prof-

itable will be the returns.



Private customers are much more

anxious to buy from the grower than

from the grocer. The fact is that

much of .what the grocers sell is far

from No. 1. At the opening of the

season we often get from seven to ten

cents per pound, but as the season ad-

vances, and we are compelled to com-

pete with other growers and prices

often go as low as two or three cents

per pound. This, however, is not un-

til about the last of May.



Some growers do not believe in us—

ing commercial fertilizers on the rhu-

barb plantation. \Ve have found, how-

ever, that it pays to use it; and use it

quite liberally—~say 2.000 pounds per

acre. We apply it in the spring, just

as it is beginning to start growth. The

manures we apply late in the summer,

using only manure that is thoroughly

rotted. This is usually thoroughly de-

composed by Spring when the com-

mercial fertilizer is applied, which is





scattered evenly, and raked in.

Indiana.





D. LEATHERMAN.





 





Intensive Culture Produces Them.





 





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

   

 





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Made from best. material. Always reliable

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Agents “anted in unoccupied territory Ship di

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Manufacturers of Berry

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(10





.. . .

Growmg Colts

N many sections of the country, es.

I pecially in the states of the middle



west, annual colt shows are com-

ing to be regular-features to’which the

farmer breeders look forward with

a great deal of interest. Some of

these shows have attained such im-

portance that the breed associations





have contributed trophies or prize

money. In other sections boards of





trade or other civic commercial bod-





ies have contributed to the prizes of-

fered, in acknowledgement of the ben-

efits which accrue to any locality

where these shows encourage the

breeding of more and better horses.





Some of these colt shows have be-

come marked by the exhibition of

colts of such high quality that the at-

tendance includes a number of men

from a distance who make a business

of buying and developing high-class

draft horses and some big prices have

been paid by them for colts shown at

these 'colt shows.



There is no locality where breeding

draft horses is a prominent branch of

farming in which an annual colt show

could not be held with advantage to

the community, provided the farmers

who are raising horses would take the

proper interest in securing the great-

est growth possible during the first

six months of their lives. A colt well

started in this respect will always be

ahead of one not enjoying this ad-

vantage.



Feeds and Feeding.



The more nearly a foal may come to

possessing the development of a ma-

ture horse, the more favorable will be





 





 





 





 





 





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the attention he will attract from the

judges in the show ring. Growth and

enough flesh to make him smooth and

well filled out are what the breeder

should have in mind who wishes to

develop a colt that will make an im-

pression on the judges. In feeding a

colt, however, one should never lose

sight of the fact that the digestive ap-

paratus of the little fellow is delicate-

ly organized and unable to properly

assimilate a large amount of rough

forage. If the pasturage is good, and

it should be, the colt’s growth should

be assisted by oat meal or crushed

oats, preferably sifted, or rolled bar-

ley which should always be sifted,

with the addition of bran and ground

flax seed.



Cows’ milk, when available when

fresh from the cow helps the growth

wonderfully but, owing to the tenden-

cy it has to producevsoft joints, it

should be used with caution. A good

way to use it is to make a drink of

milk in which an oat meal gruel has

been mixed, preferably at night, and





' using not to exceed two quarts of the





milk. To make the gruel use a pound

of clear oat meal and three ounces of

jelly made from pure flaxseed, secured





 





 





 





 





 





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The ACRE- M-IIOUI sum

Beat! every hand implement for killing Po-

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by placing ground flaxseed in an

earthenware vessel with enough water

to make it “jell” which will require

about 12 hours. This jelly will readily

mix with the milk and oat meal and it

may be given to the cell; warm or

cold.



Any system of extra feeding should

be commenced gradually, working up

to what experience will show the coil:

will readily eat. All foals will not take

or require the same amount as there

is usually considerable difference in

the size and age if more than one or

two are being raised It is surprising

how fond the little fellows will become

of this drink and the way it will make

them grow is no less surprising. The

breeder, or whoever has charge of the

colts, must watch them keenly and be

ready to notice any signs of trouble.

It is easy to overdo a oolt's feeding.

but as long as the little fellow’s appe-





-“" tite remains keen and he continues to





grow and his coat shows thrift there

is no danger. ’ '



A colt, to win. must be fat, but not

too fat. While it is most unusual for

a thin colt to win over those carrying





 





:for” Exhibition A,





'a good coating of flesh, it is not desir-





able that one be so fat as to be called}

“beefy.” A moderate coat of flesh is

better than not enough and will en-

able its possessor to beat the equally

good, but thin colt nine times out of

ten.



Education.



It is not alone feeding, however,

that counts when the foal parades be-

fore the judges. The ability to show

himself properly, or rather to permit

himself to be shown properly, goes a

long way in the show ring. The task

of making the colt a promising show

candidate will be much simplified if.

during the first week of his life a

well-fitting halter of soft leather be

carefuilly placed on his head and his

first lesson in leading be given to him.

An easy way to start him is to have

the mother led some distance away





and held. The colt will be very anio-





ions to reach her and almost before

he realizes it, he will be obeying the





'pressure of the halter when his leader





precedes mm the same direction. A

few lessons will thoroughly break him

to lead.



After the colt gets so he maybe led

Without trouble it is well that he have

frequent'lessons in posing and the

movements required of a colt in the

show ring. It is. not a difficult task

to learn a colt to stand with his legs

properly placed; to start up quickly,

trot away briskly and turn gracefully

to come back and pose again. Many

a good colt has lost first honors just

because he had not been learned to do

these easily taught things. Even the

naturally good colt with a proper coat-

ing of flesh will be sadly handicapped

in the eyes of the judges if he is

brought into the ring only partly halt-

er-broken and makes it impossible for

his exhibitor to show his good quali-

ties to any advantage.



And when, as the result of good

feeding, watchful care and a little

time spent in educating the colt, his





breeder not only gets the favorable.





opinion of the judge in the show ring,

but also finds that there are plenty

of buyers looking for colts that have

been grown and educated in that way,

and willing to pay well for them, he is

never likely to regret the time and

care given him, or to fail to profit by

the lesson one’s first experience of

this kind teaches.





New York. H. L. ALLEN.





DISINFECTANTS IN THE STABLE.





 





The use of disinfectants in the sta-

ble is happily becoming much more

common on the average farm than in

former years. This practice should

become still more general. In fact

the emergency medicine chest on ev-

ery farm should be supplied with a

suitable disinfectant which will serve

either as a germicide or an insecti-

cide. One of the standard coal tar

dips and disinfectants is most suitable

for this purpose for the reason» that

these preparations are standardized

and must be up to the government re-

quirements. This is a. guarantee that

these preparations will give the same

results in use at all times, which fact,

in addition to their convenience and

safety, makes them peculiarly adapted

to fill the need for which they are

specially manufactured.



Too often the use of such disinfect-

ants is limited to the combating of in-

sect pests. If the sheep are infested

with ticks or the hogs or other stock

with lice, the average farmer worthy

of the name will take steps to eradi-

cate them by using a suitable insecti-

cide. The chances are that the same

disinfectant may be quite as profitably

used on the same farm as a germicide,

but the farmer is far less apt to use





it, as the need does not appeal to him been





until the time for efiective disinfec-

tion has passed.

Many a valuable colt might have





been saved had the dain’s stall been

suitably disinfected before she foaled,.





. thus forestalling the dreaded navel in-





fection. Many a calf might be start-

ed more thriftily, on the road to baby

beef by proper disinfection of pens

and stables. And besides the saving

of loss from the spreading of infec—

tious diseases among the live stock

the use of a disinfectant will generally

prevent the serious infection of

wounds in accident and emergency

cases and is an invaluable safeguard

in performing the minor surgery inci— .

dent to the conduct or every farm.



In fact, thereare so many uses for -

an, efficient and cheap disinfectant

about the stable, that no farmer can

afford to be without some such prep-

aration, especially during the hot sums .

mer season. when germ life abounds.



Oakland Co. A. R. Farina.





WHAT TO FEED YOUNG PIGS.





 





What is the proper feed for pigs at

weaning time? Am feeding a slop of

milk and middlings and a few whole

oats twice a day. Have fed no corn

for fear of fattening them too quick-

ly. Is it safe to feed the whole oats?

Please advise a ration.



Calhoun Co. L. A.





A slop made of skim-milk and

wheat middlings and then a little dry

corn, is as good a ration as anybody

can advise for young growing pigs.

Wheat middlings contain the protein

and the carbohydrates in just about

the right proportion for growing pigs.

In other words it makes a ration with

a nutritive ratio of about one to four.

Now skim-milk is too rich in protein

to be a balanced ration; that is, it

Contains more protein in proportion

to the carbohydrates than is neces-

sary, and wheat middlings doesn’t

balance it up because it is a perfect

ration in itself. Therefore you want

some other food that is not as rich in

protein as skinrmilk to make a bal-

anced ration, and there is nothing bet-

ter than corn. I wouldn’t be afraid to

feed young growing pigs all the slop

made of wheat middlings and skim-

milk that they would eat and then all

the corn that they would eat once a

day up clean. Oats are a very good

feed for growing pigs if you don’t have

middlings or if you don’t have skim-

milk, but if you have skim—milk and

middlings I don't think you need oats

at all. Pigs don’t like oat hulls. They

are chaff. They are practically worth-

less as food. Horses would not eat

the bulls if they didn’t have to. The

hullson cats are no better than oat

straw or wheat straw, but the berry

in the oats is a splendid nutritious

food. “a If you could separate the berry

from the hull of the oat the Oat meal ‘

would make a splendid feed for grow-

ing pigs, but this is expensive. We





can get along without it if we have





middlings and skim-milk. However,

you needn’t be afraid of the oat hulls

hurting them. If you will grind the

cats they won't eat enough of the

hulls to hurt them. They will pick

out everything else and leave the bulls.

If you feed them whole of course they

have got to eat the hulls. but they will

do no harm.

COLON C. LILLIE.





LIVE STOCK NEWS.





 





The impression in certain quarters .





in the United States seems to be that





the consumption of horses during the

war has been so great that the Euro-

pean supply will be exhausted for a

long time and that stallions for ex—

port will not be procurable thence-

forth. The French Department of Ag-

riculture, however, states that on ac-

count of the actual events the ex-

portation of horses from France has

been only temporarily prohibited by

a statute dated July 31,1914. Mr

Fernand David, Minister ore Agricul-

ture, adds moreover thatth eproduc-

tion of pure-bred, half- bred and draft

horses, especially Percherons. has not

interrupted and that as soon as

hostilities are stallions and

mares will as in former times be of—

fered for sale and that the decree in-

hibiting exoprtation will be cancelled.
THE MICHI





GAN FARMER





 





JULY 3, 1915.

:__IlIIlllllIIIIIlIlIIIllllllllllIlllIlIllIlllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllIlllllllllIIlllllll|IllIIllllIIIIIIIllllllillllllllllllllllg

2.55IllllIllllllllllIIIllIllllIIllllIllllIlllllIIIIIIlIIIIllllIIlllIllIIlllllIllIllIIlllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllfi





CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.





 





LILLIE FARMSTEAD DAIRY

NOTES.



One of the most enjoyable things

about farming is to salt and inspect

the young stock after they have been

turned out to pasture. We have 30

heifers and heifer calves in one wood-

land pasture at present and it is an

enjoyable sight to see them and spec-

ulate upon their individual excellence

as future dairy cows. Who can tell by

the looks of a growing heifer her fu-

ture excellence at the pail or churn?



I once asked Prof. Clinton D. Smith

to select the one of a bunch of dairy

heifers that would make the best cow.

He replied that he could not be sure.

Once he thought he could, but the

scales and the Babcock test had prov-





 





SOME HOLSTEIN HISTORY.





What is the 'color of the Holstein-

Friesian cattle in their native coun-

try and also when was their register-

ed herd book started in the same

country? W. J. N.





W'hile the origin of I—Iolstein- Frie-

sian cattle is ancient and obscure, it

has been claimed that the people of

Holland have kept them over a thou-

sand years, during which time they

have been famous for their dairy qual-

ities. Early writers refer to Dutch

cattle as being large, more or less

white in color and great milk produc-

ers. The present type of black and

white dairy cattle have, however, ex-

isted in that country for a longer pe-

liOd of time.



Old and well marked as this breed

is, it is a peculiar fact that organiza-

tions for the promotion of the breed

were first developed in America, the

first herd book being established in

1872, nine volumes being published by

the organization which established it.

In 1878 what was known as the Dutch

Friesian book was established, which

organization published four volumes.





811 that his judgment could “Qt always ‘In 1885 these two organizations were





be relied upon. No man can tell; he

can guess. The more he knows of the

history of the calf the better his judg-

ment will be, but it is a guess largely,

at the best. You might almost as well

guess what kind of a man a boy will

be. He doesnt’ always pan out as he

is expected to.

Hard to Select the Best. '



This does not prove that there is

nothing in blood, or heredity. Well-

bred animals are much more apt to

make profitable animals than cross-

bred or mongrel animals. That goes

without saying. But the question is

to select the best cow, not the best

looking. In all probability, in a bunch

of well-bred heifers every one of them

will be economical producers. That

is, they will take a given amount of

feed and convert it into milk or but-

ter at a profit. But of this bunch

which will make the most profit? That

is the thing that can not be told by

external appearances. It would be

just as difficult to select the best one

among a bunch of miscellaneous fed

heifers, where in all probability, not

half of them. would make profitable

cows at all.



Butter Prices.



A friend of mine who purchases but—

ter for a large New York butter house

tells me he expects storage butter to

rule high this season. Itmis high, 27

to 28 cents for June butter is a splen—

did price. I can remember when we

only got 14‘ to 15 cents, half of the

present price. I asked why he thought

butter prices would rule high. His re-

ply was, people are raising grain as

they are tired of milking. I predicted

this very thing. If one can get above

$1 for wheat it looks pretty good,

compared with dairying or any kind

of live stock husbandry. The fellow

who grows wheat works short hours

compared with the live stock man. He

also has a short season; he doesn’t

have to work the year around. There

is some leisure in grain farming, pro--

vided there is profit enough in it. The

grain farmer can go to the show, the

fair or to the institute, but the live

stock man must stay and care for his





stock. That is the way they figure

the proposition. There is something

in it.





Will Continue In the Dairy Business.



Well, we shall keep right on milk-

ing twice a day. We have got into

’ the habit and can’t very well stop.

The old saying is, “habit is the best

1 part of one’s self." Besides, the more

‘ who quit milking and go to raising

grain, the better price dairy products

will bring, and with the creamery pay-

ing 28 to 30 cents for butter-fat one

- can have something left to pay for

: the feed. With good cows, good pas-

- ture, and summer silage butter-fat can

be produced for half that price, and

pay for a little high-priced grain be-

sides.





 





amalgamated into the present Hol-

stein-Friesian Association. The first

herd book in Holland was established

in 1875, when the North Holland herd

book association was organized.





 





MILKING THREE TIMES A DAY.





 





We did not milk three times a day

only for a period of one month. The

cows all increased in milk flow some,

the increase depending on the time of

freshening largely. The further along

in the period of lactation the cow was,

the less increase in the flow. we only

tried this experiment on six cows, but

this seemed to be the governing fac—

tor, though other causes in some in-

stances were evident. One cow in-

creased from 30 pounds daily to 40

pounds, or an increase of over 30 per

cent. We do .not know that this in-

crease could have been maintained for

any length of time. Other cows in‘

creased only five per cent, and others

10 per cent.



We have too much to do at the pres-

ent time to carry on an experiment of

this kind long enough to get reliable

data; besides, I believe the practice

is impracticable.





STIR MILK WHILE COOLING.





 





Experiments by the Dairy Division

of the Department of Agriculture,

show that the milk in the top of the

can just above the water level in the

cooling vat cools much more slowly

than the milk that is below that level.

The cold milk being heavier than the

warm will remain at the bottom of the

can, while the warmer, and therefore

lighter portion will remain at the top,

and practically no circulation will take

place. It is therefore important to stir

the milk while cooling. In the experi-

ments all the cans were cooled by the

same method. The milk in. some of

the cans was stirred every 15 minutes

while that in others was not. The wa-

ter in the cooling tank was 62.6 degs.

F. The milk that was stirred cooled

from nearly 90 degs. to slightly above

60 degs. in three hours. The unstir-

red milk did not get down to a similar

temperature for four hours and fifteen

minutes. Meanwhile, in the unstirred

milk all the milk above the water lev-

el in the running water was 5 to 6

degs. warmer. The advantage of stir-

ring is emphasized by the fact that at

the time the milk was stirred the tem-

perature of the room was over 6 degs.

warmer than was the case when the

unstirred milk was put into the run-

ning water. The time taken to cool

the milk in either case, however, is too

great for good results, and the test

served best to demonstrate the neces-

sity of employing some form of milk

cooler suitable for farm use, and more

efficient than running well water.





lst

BECAUSE YOUR WA STE IS





greatest and quality of pro-

r duct poorest in mid- summer





 





when the milk supply is heav-





BECAUSE TIME IS OF GREAT-

est value on the farm at this

season and the time and labor

saving of the good separator

counts for most.





 





 





BECAUSE THE LOSSES OF

the poor separator from in-

complete skimming and the

tainted product of the had-

to— clean and insanitaiy sepa—

rator are greatest at this sea-





son.



BECAUSE OF THE GREAT

economy of time at this sea-

son in having a separator of

ample capacity to do the work

so much more quickly.



BECAUSE AN IMPROVED DE

Laval is so much simpler and

more easily handled and cared





to prove to any





THE DE LAVAL





165 Broadway, New York





SEPAnArOR‘





DICDIfiV





If you are still using some gravity or setting

process of creaming—





   

 





BECAUSE THE SKIM-MILK IS

poorest without a separator in

hot weather and often more

harmful than helpful to calves.



BECAUSE THE WORK OF AN

improved De Laval Cream

Separator is as perfect and its

product as superior with one

kind of weather as with an-

other.





I r_1_d If you have a very old De Laval or an

inferior separator of any kind—





for than any other, and you

cannot afford to waste time

these busy days “fussing”

with a machine that ought to

have been thrown on the junk-

pile long ago.





BECAUSE THE DE LAVAL

separator of today is just as

superior to other separators as

the best of other separators to

gravity setting, and every fea-

ture of De Laval superioritv

counts for most during the hot

summer months.





These are all fact: every De Lav-l local agent ls glad of the opportunity

prospective buyer. It

be Lav-l agency simply write the nearest main office. as below.





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Mention Mlclilgan Farmer when writing to advertisers '
8‘--8_f~





HAVE been requested to prepare



an article dealing with the rela-



tion of chemistry to agriculture. It

seems advisable to preface such a pa-

per with a description in the form of

a definition of these two allied

sciences.



Chemistry Defined.



What is chemistry? A definition

which appeals to me would be as fol-

lows: “Chemistry is that'division of

science which has for its special prov-

ince the study of the changes (con-

structive and destructive) occurring

in nature,” and agricultural chemistry

is “that branch of chemistry, the

province of which is to deal with such

above changes as occur in the devel-

opment of agriculture.”



Agriculture Defined.



‘What now may we consider to. be a

definition for agriculture? Agricul-

ture may be defined as the science of

soil management, and deals with the



“ practical problems growing out of soil

manipulation.



It must be obvious to the reader

that one who takes upon himself the

task of defining in a few concrete

terms either one of these two import-

ant sciences has a herculean task be-

fore him, and it is perhaps hopeless

to attempt to show in an article or a

short series of articles of any reason-

able length the complete relationship

of these two sciences to each other.

Agriculture itself is by no means a

simple science. It is a science and it

is an art as well, and in the same way

chemistry is an art as well as a

science. But they are both sciences

in that they reach their greatest de‘

velopment through constructive men-

tal research.



The Rusting of Iron.





Chemistry has been defined as that'





science which deals with such changes

in nature as are typified by the rust-

ing of iron and if we inquire tech-

nically into this definition, the more

we inquire the more pertinent does

this definition become. We have be-

come accustomed in a non-scientific

way to the association of the rusting

process in iron to destructive changes

in nature. We say that rusting is an

index of corrosion and by corrosion

we mean a

away, of the product under observa-

tion. Now that, of course is what

takes place when iron rusts but it,

takes place in a way opposite to the‘

general observation. The iron is be-

ing destroyed as iron in the process of





rusting and the peculiar properties byE

'which it was recognized in its metallic





state are beinglost, but during the

rusting process none of the iron has

disappeared from that locality,

taken on a new form due to its being

united with the oxygen of the air,

thereby forming an oxide of iron.



, One of the ~n10st interesting experi-

ments in chemistry is one of the early

experiments, which shows that the

rusting process is actually concom-

itant with an increase in the weight of

the iron. In other words, when a

pound of iron changes to rust the

weight has increased so that there is

considerably more than one pound

present. The oxygen gas of the at-

mosphere, due to the peculiar condi-

tions which promote rustingfior oxida

tion, has combined with the iron to

form the iron oxide or rust, in which

condition the weight has- been in-

creased by the amount of oxygen tak-

en up. ' ’



, Oxidation and Reduction.



. Now the province of chemistry deals

with a study of just such Changes and

the problems of agricultural chemistry

are to» deal with the changes -of this

type which occurin the derelopment

of agriculture. ‘What are some of the

chemical changes which occur in na-

ture? There are two general types of

changes which are representative of





asting away, or an eating .





It. has





a;





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





By FLOYD W. ROBISON





chemicalrconditions and at the same

time representative of changes which

are all the time occurring in the de-

velopment of agriculture. These two

changes are called oxidation and re-

duction, and all of the problems con-

nected with agriculture have to do at

various times with one or both of

these two changes.



What do we mean then, by the

term, oxidation? Oxidation, briefly,,

means that type of change brought

about by the supplying of oxygen gas.

The rusting of iron, therefore, is a.

typical example of the change known

as oxidation. This same change oc-

curs when wood is burned under cer-

tain conditions and to show that the

burning of wood is very closely asso—

ciated with the supplying of oxygen

let us observe what occurs when the

supply of oxygen is cut off. There is

no more certain way of stopping a

conflagration than by shutting off its

supply of oxygen.



The changes occurring in the soil

are fundamental for the production of

crops and depend on supplying a lib-

eral amount of air, or oxygen, to the

soil. The changes most pronounced in

animal life are promoted, in fact

made possible only, through the phe-

nomenon of . oxidation, that is, the

supplying of Oxygen; and we find ani-

mals peculiarly equipped with an ap«

paratus to make use for full construc-

tive life purposes of the oxygen which

is prevalent in the atmosphere.



Life changes therefore, both vege-

table and animal, are promoted

through this process of oxidation.



In what respect also is this change

which we have designated as reduc«

tion associated with agriculture? All

oxidations are accompanied simultan-

eously by reductions. When a sub-

stance is oxidized, that is, when it is

furnished with oxygen by another sub-

stance, then that substance which fur-

nishes the oxygen is itself reduced and

the great purpose of reduction is to

supply for the constructive purposes

of nature simple substances with

which to build. If as an illustration

for purpose of clearness, we pass wa-

ter vapor over red hot iron filings, the

oxygen from the water will be remov-

ed and will perform the phenomenon

of oxidizing the iron, forming iron rust

or iron oxide. The water vapor, los-

ing its oxygen, is itself actually re-

duced and the hydrogen which is lib-

erated is thereby called a reducing

substance. It is then free to exert

its reducing’influence on other sub-

stances which would encourage the

supplying it with oxygen. Certain liV<

ing organisms which live in the soil

have the power of reducing other sub-

stances by taking to themselves the

oxygen supply and are consequently

called reducing organisms.





Chemistry Has Proven

Practical.



Chemistry and its allied sciences, by

measuring the extent of these oxida-

tions and reductions is able to diag-

nose certain conditions of nature and

certain conditions in soils and because

of this, remedies may be prescribed.

Therein lies the fundamental potential

value of chemistry to agriculture.



As'an abstract science chemistry

made very little headway. It is one

of the oldest sciences which we have

but was always associated with the

other abstract sciences, such as as-

tronomy, which made an interesting

accumulation to a man’s fund of infor-

mation but was “not considered to be

of any practical value. Consequently

alchemists of old were largely consid~

cred men of profound knowledge but

dissociated from any active participa-

tion in worldly affairs.





lntensely





Chemistry Has Played the Major Part. '





It remained for almost the present

century to awaken people generally to





the practical importance of chemisg





The Relation of Chemistry to Agriculture





try; in fact, to awaken chemists them-

selves to a realization of the poten-

tiality of chemistry as applied to agri«

culture. . The present day has been so

aptly called the “age of scienCe” and

in that role, chemistry has played the

major part for those sciences which

may not be considered typically chem-

ical themselves have used chemistry

as a measure of their value to agricul-

ture. Bacterialogy has exhibited a

very pronounced relationship to agri-

culture but the measure of its import-

ance has been demonstrated through

chemical methods and in chemical

ways. So intimately bound to chem-

istry is bacteriology that it is now

quite customary and quite in order

to include that science when chemis-

try is discussed. Within the scope of

agriculture, that is, soil management,

and the various problems growing out

of soil manipulation, chemistry has

much to do.



We shall attempt in the next paper

to show in some detail what these ag-

ricultural and various relationships

are.





The thirty-fourth of 52 special top-

ics to be discussed in consecutive is-

sues of the Michigan Farmer.—Eds.





OIL-MIXED CONCRETE FOR DAMP

PROOFING.





 





After extensive-laboratory and ser-

vice tests the Department of Agricul-

ture has secured results which appear

to establish definitely the value of oil-





,mixed concrete for damp-proof con‘





struction. Detailed results of these

tests, which were carried out in con-

nection with the work of the Office of

Public Roads, are contained in the

new bulletin, No. 230, of the Depart-

ment, entitled “0il--Mixed Portland Ce-

ment Concrete.” Briefly summarized,

the conclusipns to be drawn from

them- are that the admixture of cer-

tain mineral oils in small proportions,

not to exceed 10 per cent of cement

used, does not lessen the tensile

strength of mortar; that the‘decrease

in the compressive strength of mortar

and concrete is not serious; that con"

crete mixed with oil takes much long-

er to set hard, perhaps twice as long,

but that the increase in strength is

nearly as rapid in the oil-mixed

material as inthe plain concrete. The

use of oil does not make the concrete

impervious to "heavy water pressure,

but it do‘esnmake it praCtically non-ab~

sorbent under low heads.



The value of oil mixed concrete is

said to be particularly great in the

construction of basement floors and

walls, watering troughs, cisterns,

barns, silos, and in all parts ofgcon.

crete structures that are to be made

damp-proof.



The oil should in no case exceed 10

per cent of the weight of the cement

and for the most part, five per cent is

all that is necessary. Since a bag of

cement weighs 94 pounds, 4.7 pounds

of oil, or about two and a half quarts,

should be added for each bag of ce-

ment used in the mixture. The sand

and cement should be first mixed with

the proper amount of water into a

stiff mortar, to which is added the cor-

rect amount of oil, and. the whole

mass again thoroughly mixed until all

traces of oil have disappeared. Par~

ticular care should be taken to insure

that the oil is thoroughly incorporated

in the mixture and the time of mixing

should be practically double that when

the oil is not used. For this reason

a continuous mixer should not be used

in 011 cement—concrete work, as it is

difficult 'with this type of machine to

increase the time of mixing suffi-

ciently.



The kind of oil is also important and





the following technical specifications

are suggested in the bulletin in order

to prevent the use of certain oils





JULY 3, 1615.

whioH“ might ”tend '7to imbair “ the

strength of the ' mortar or the con-



crete _



1. The oil shall be a fluid petroleum

product and shall contain no admix-

ture of fatty or vegetable oils



2. It shall have a specific gravity

not greater than 0.945 at a tempera-

ture of 25 degs. C.



3. It shall show a flash point of not

less than 150 degs. C. by the closed-

cup method.



4. When 240 cc. of the oil is heat-

ed in an Engler viscosimeter to 50

degs. C., and maintained at that tem-

perature for at least three minutes,

the first 100 cc. which flows out shall





. —-——.——»——-~——-—





.mm—fw-





show a specific viscosity of not less i





than 15 nor more than 30. p



5. When one part of the oil is

shaken up- with two parts of hun-

dredth normal caustic soda, there shall

be no emulsification, and upon allow-

ing the mixture to remain quiet the

two components shall rapidly separate

in distinct layers.





For practical use the addition of oil 1

will be found particularly useful in i





the construction of basement floors r





and walls. Many of these new in ex-

istence are continually damp and such

a condition may be remedied by the

application of an oil-mixed mortar

coat to the old surface. A mortar

composed of one part of cement and

two parts sand and containing five per

cent of oil should be sufficiently non~

absorbent for this purpose





l





Watering troughs and cisterns made





of oil-mixed concrete





should also i





prove Of considerable practical value ‘





in the conservation of water





In the 3





construction of barns, where oil-mixed .

concrete is used, the interior will be I

noticeably drier than w en ordinary ‘





concrete is used. Owing 0 their dur-





ability, cleanliness, and resistance to 1





fire, concrete barns are

fer from the disadvantage that during

a long beating rain the side walls are

inclined to absorb much moisture,

which ultimately penetrates into the

interior. The addition of oil to the

extent of five per cent of the weight

of cement in the concrete used in the





side walls obviates this objection.





’Barn floors can also be constructed. in





the same way with advantage. A

damp-proof floor is warmer because of

the lack of evaporation from its sur-

face, and it is also more sanitary than

an ordinary concrete floor because of

its non-absorbent character.





becoming 3

more and more popular, but they suf- ‘





There are, of course, any number of





other types of buildings and strue

tures of all sorts in which oil-mixed

concrete may be used advantageously,

or, if this is not necessary, a coat of





oil-mixed mortar may be applied ef-





fectively.



Attention is called, however, to the

fact that extreme care in proportion-

ing, mixing, and placing the concrete

is absolutely necessary if the addition

of any water-proofing agent is to be of

value. The process of mixing ‘oil with

concrete has been covered by a public

patent so that anyone is at- liberty to

use it. The methods of using this ma-

terial are discussed more fully in the

bulletin already mentioned.





WHAT LIGHTNING RODS MAY BE

EXPECTED TO DO.





 





This is the season of lightning and





thunder andwith the summer thunder-

storms often come death and destruc-

tion. ‘Many dwellings and buildings

might havebeen saved by the installa~

tion of lightning rods, but nothing had

been done because ofthe question,

“Do lightning rods really protect the

buildings?" In fact, that has been'a

question since lightning rods came

into being. The lightning rod has been





investigated by the Department of Ag-





riculture, and the answer of the en-





'perts of that Department is that light-





ning rods do protect, provided they





are of proper character, properly in 2





stalled and properly grounded in rela-

tively moist earth.





i
l





)





 





 





 





 





 





_ magnum

poernv

msronv one

INFORMATION





 





 





 





 





 





 





  Magazine Section





 





77w FARM BOY

an? GIRL



SCIENTIFIC an?



MECHANICAL





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





‘ f

t This Magazine Section forms apart of our paper every week.





 





NCE again the old Liberty bell

has gone ajourneying, this

time to the opposite side of the

continent to add its quota to the at-

tractions of a great exposition. All

along the route hundreds have gazed

upon it in wonder and awe, not be-

cause it looks so very different from

many other old bells, but because of

its significance, its silent symbolism

of liberty. On its side are these

words inscribed: “Proclaim liberty

throughout all the land unto all the

inhabitants thereof.” And right faith-

fully did it perform that task for many

years, until, as someone has fittingly





‘ said, “It had lived out its life, as men





Llive out their lives; its work was





llllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll‘lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilli lllll llilllllllllillllillilfliillllllllllllllHiIillli|IlllllllllllllllillllllllillllHllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll IllllllIlIlllIllllllllillllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillillllllllilll llllllHllilfllllllillll:





The Liberty Bell





By MAE Y.





done." This last work for the splen-

did old bell was on July 8, 1835, when

while tolling for the funeral of Chief

Justice John Marshall it cracked sud-

denly, and forever after can inspire us

only by its silent suggestion of all the

stirring events which had gone before.

7 The bell was first cast in England,

being modelled like “Old Tom,” the

famous bell of Westminster Tower,

London. During the voyage to this

country it was damaged, so that the

Philadelphia firm of Pass & Stowe





MAHAFFY





was commissioned to recast it. It was

then hung in the State House belfry

on April 17, 1753.



Its first work was in calling togeth-

er the_people as loyal subjects of the

British crown, but there came a time

when the great Revolution was born,

when Washington and his men were

fighting for the very liberty suggested

by the bell. And at last there came a

day when Thomas Jefferson, Benja-

min Franklin, John Adams, Roger

Sherman and Robert Livingston met





liilllllfllllilliilllliillléTfi





Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere.





together, and with bright hopes crad-

led in desperation they drafted the so-

called “Declaration of Independence."

The Congress made a few changes,

and it was adopted by all thirteen

states on the Fourth of July, 1776.

Crowds of people had been attracted

to the vicinity of the state house,

knowing that portentious matters

were at stake, and the old bell ringer,

one Andrew McNair, stationed himself

in the belfry while the declaration

was being considered, leaving his

grandson below to warn him the mo-

ment the vote was secured. Various

writers have told us of how the lad

ran excitedly up the stairway, calling

to his grandfather to “ring out for





“ l'llllfill!ill!IlllIllllllllllllll|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll





llllll





 





WORLD EVENTS IN PICTURES





 





Copyright by Clinedinst.





President Wilson and his Grandchild by his Daughter, Mrs. McAdoo.





 





Col. House Visited. Warring Nations.





 





 





Turkish Artillery and Ammunition W





agons Enroute to Assist Against the





Invading Allies.





 





Indian Horsemen with the Allies in





Flanders Resting Before a Charge.





 





Great German Advance which Resulted in the Cap





 





ture of Libau, Russia.





Copyright by Underwood & Underwood. N. V.





 





 





Belgian Millionaire as a Private.
10—10





liberty!” And never before or since

did the oldbell carry such a message,

though it was several years before

King George and his soldiers were

forced to allow the colonies the “free

and independent" status they claimed

in the Declaration of Independence.

Ever since that Fourth of July so





IL





IIIIINIlllllllNIlIIHIHHIIHllHHlH





THE ‘MICHIGA





long ago the old state house which

housed the old Liberty bell has

been known as Independence Hall,

and each succeeding Fourth we recall

their story, and plead with the latest

generation to revere and honor them

with the same patriotic devotion as

have those of the past.





3’ IHIIIHHIlllIIlN!h'llllIllIllllIlflllllllllllllllillfllllllliiIlllllllllllllllliilllllllllllllllllllHHIHEEHIHIH|lllliiIIl|l||IIIHHIHlllllilI“!|IIllIlllilllllilllillillllllflllilllllllllllllillllliillllliillillIlllHillIHIHHHIIIHIHHIIIIE





THE RED MIST.





By RANDALL PARRISH.





 





2 Copyright A. 0. McClurg Oo.





IllllllllilllillllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllll





fiillllillilllllllllllllllll!llllllIll!lllllllllllillllllllllllilllllli(IIIHIlilllllllllllIIISHIlll![ilI!!!i!III!l[ilIIlllllll|llI“iIll|IHllllllllllllilillilliilliiliiillHill!IIlllllllllllliiliiilllllI|Ill]lllllllll!!!lMilHilllliliililh’ilillllii“HE





CHAPTER XIII.——(Continued).





 





Waiting the Next Move. '



“Before they leave—yes; but it is

hardly probable they will search up

here again. Anse will be in ill-humor

enough when he decides we have real-

ly escaped, but will never imagine

that our hiding place is in the house.

They will give up by daylight, and

then the way will be clear.”



“And where will you go?”



“Why,” in surprise. “I could not

leave you alone until I placed you in

the care of friends.”



“At Lewisburg, you mean?”



“If that is where you wish to go.”



Her eyes met mine frankly, but

with an expression in their depths I

failed to fathom.



“Not wearing that uniform,” she

said, “or under the name of Lieuten—

ant Raymond. Do not misunderstand.

There is friendship between us—per-

sonal friendship, the memory of the

past, a knowledge of the intimacy be-

tween your father and mine. More, I

am grateful to you for the service you

have been to me this night; nor do I

hold it against you that you risk your

life in the cause for which you fight.

But I am Union, Tom Wyatt, and I

cannot help you in your work, nor

protect you. When daylight comes I

am going to say goodbye—and forget

that I have ever seen you.”



“But,” I protested, “why could we

not part, if we must, at Lewisburg, af-

ter I know you are safe.”



“There are Federal troops at Lew-

isburg. They know me, and their

commander is aware of my acquaint-

ance with the oflicer whose name you

have assumed.”



“Then you knew me for a fraud

from the very first moment of our

meeting?”



“Yes; I knew you were not the man

you claimed to be. I said nothing, for

I wished to learn your object.”



“Yet, in a measure, at least, you

trusted me?” .



The eyes into which I gazed smiled

slightly. r



“Hardly that, perhaps. Your face

is an honest one, and there was a

vague familiarity about it which made

me determined to learn who you were.

Besides—well really, I had no ch01ce;

I was alone here, and helpless.”



“True; yet you have not confessed





“All! What else?”



“My guess is you possessed a strong

desire to protect Lieutenant Ray«

mond.”



“Oh, indeed!” she laughed, but her

eyes fell. “That might have been an

added motive—yes. I naturally desrr-

ed to discover, if possible, why any.

one should pretend to be he. My in-

terest was—was not personal, how-

ever; it was patriotic.” _



“But you are friendly?” I perSIsted,

unable to resist the impulse. “This

lieutenant is not a mere acquaint-

ance‘?”



“I feel under no obligation to an-

swer that question,” she returned, her

cheeks flushed. “There is no reason

why you should ask. My interest in

the Union cause is suflficient explana~

tion. I am not a little girl, any more.”



“Nor am I a mere boy, Miss Noreen.

We have met here as man and wom-

an," I said earnestly. “Our past is a

bond between us; to me a pleasant

memory—but I do not rely upon it for

the future. Even although I am a

Confederate soldier, I want you to con-

sider me a personal friend—one 1n

whom you feel an interest equal at

least to that shown Lieutenant Ray-

mond.”



“Why, I do," her eyes opening wide-

ly. “It is for your own protection I

refuse your escort to Lewisburg. I

am a traitor to my flag not to take

you there, and surrender you a prison-

er. If—if I did not care I would.”



“You mean memory of the boy re-

strains you?"



She hesitated a moment, her lips

parted, a frown wrinkling her fore-

head.



“No,” she acknowledged slowly, as

though the thought had just dawned.

"That memory is not even vivid. I——

I believe you to be a man I shall be

glad to know—Hark! that was a

shot!” _





“Yes, and another; they sound to

the west of the house.”



“In the orchard, beyound the stable.

Can there really be someone hiding

there?”



“They are certainly firing at some-

thing—there speaks another rifle

farther south. Those fellows will be

back presently, and we must be out of

their way. What room is that beyond

the chimney?”



“It was used by the housekeeper.

Do you know where Parson Nichols

was left?” .



“In the room at the head of the

stairs; why yes, your room. Could

they have killed the man?”



I pushed open the door, which stood

slightly ajar, and looked in. Nichols

had partially lifted himself by clinging

to the bed, and his eyes met mine.

The marks of the savage blow with

which Cowan had floored him, were

plainly evident, and the man appeared

weak and dazed. Yet he instantly

recognized me, and crouched back in

terror. His return to consciousness,

his knowledge of our presence in the

house, only meant increased danger.

Anse and his followers might not

search again for us, but if they return-

ed they would certainly examine into

his condition, and he would immedi

ately confess all he knew. The preach-

er might feel no eager desire to aid

Cowan after the rough treatment re-

ceived, but fear would compel him to

speak, and there was no love in his

heart for either of us which would re-

strain his lips. Our only safety there-

fore, lay in having him completely in

our power. If those fellows found him

gone, they would naturally suppose he

had recovered consciousness, and es-

caped in the darkness. They would

scarcely care enough to search the

house. I stepped into the room, and

gripped his collar.



“Stand on your feet, man! Oh, yes,

you can; you’re a little groggy yet, no

doubt, but with strength enough for

that. Come: I’ll hold you. Now, out

into the hall. Miss Harwood, may I

trouble you to open that door—yes,

the housekeeper’s room: we’ll hide

ourselves in there. By jove, that

sounds like a regular volley!”



I pushed the man forward, and flung

him down on the bed, still retaining

my grip on his collar.



“Not a move, or a sound, Nichols!

Attempt to betray us, and.your life is

not worth the snap of a finger. Miss

Harwood.”



d‘YeS.”



“Close the door, and lock it; is

there a bolt?”



“A strong iron one, but it seems

rusty.”



I stepped across, and forced it into

the socket with a sharp click. The

same instant a vivid flash of red lit

up the whole interior, the light glaring

in through the unshaded windows, and

reflecting from the walls. Nichols

started up with a little cry of terror,

but I forced him back.



“It is not the house,” I said sternly.

“They must have fired the stable.

Keep down out of sight. Miss Noreen

creep across to that nearest window

and take a glance out——be careful that

no one sees you. I’ll keep guard over

our preacher friend.” \



She left us quietly, crouching close

against the wall, until she could safely

peer out from behind the fold of a

chintz curtain. This so shadowed her

face that I could distinguish merely its

dim outline. The glow from without

reddened the entire room. Nichols be<

gan to groan, and mutter, but whether

the words were those of prayer, or

not, I was uncertain. That the fel~

low’s brain tottered on the brink of

total collapse was evident, and I was

too fearful he might create alarm to

desert my guard. Eager to learn what

hatll occurred I called across to the

gir :

“Is it the stable, Miss Noreen?”



“Yes,” with a quick glance back~

ward. “The whole west end is ablaze;

I think it was fired in two places.”



“Do you see anything of the men?”



“Not clearly, except two or three

passing back and forth between the

house and the stable. I think there

are horses picketed beyond in the or-

chard, but am not sure—ves, there are

men there with them. The fire, as it





 





N FARMER"“





blazes up, gives me a better view.“



“Can you tell how man ”



“No—they form mere y a shadow

under the trees where the light

streams; occasionally one moves, and

stands out separate enough to reveal

himself, as a man. I cannot really tell

anything about them—but—but I

didn’t suppose Anse Cowan had so

many with him, did you?"



“Why, really I cannot tell, for _I

have no conception either way. There

must have been a dozen altogether in

the house, and doubtless others were

on guard without. Hasn’t it ceased

storming ?” ‘



“Yes; I wonder what time it is; why

I actually believe the sky is becoming

lighter in the east already."



She stared out intently, and then

sank to her knees. .



“Come over here quick! they are

getting ready for something.”



“I swept my eyes over Nichols, who

lay motionless, his arms folded across

his face. To my mind the fellow was

acting a part, and was not half as

badly injured as he pretended 'to be.

However, he could do us no great

harm at present, and I stole silently

across the room, and knelt beside her.

She held the curtain aside, leaving

just space enough for my eyes. For

an instant the glow of the burning

building blinded me, and intensified

the surrounding darkness. I shadow-

ed my eyes with my hand.



“Where are the men you saw? To

the left?”



“Yes—back under the trees, close to

the first negro cabin; see! just where

I point.” _



Once located I could perceive the

shadowy outline, which grew more

distinct as I gazed. There were men

there beyond doubt; it seemed to me

twenty or thirty, although it was im-

possible to judge the number. But the

shadow seemed to be disintegrating.

Even as my eyes focused it, a section

moved to the right, and then another

swung into the open, circling along

the orchard fence.



“There is a slew of them,” I mutter-

ed unthinkingly. “Anse meant to have

company at his wedding."



“Oh, hush!” her hand caught my

sleeve. “They—they are coming back

to the house now.”





 





CHAPTER XIV.

A Marriage by Duress.





HE girl was evidently right, al-



though the path the .party fol-



lowed swung so far to the left I

could see little of them from the Win-

dow. The fence concealed their num-

ber, but there was a. dozen, at least,

and they moved steadily, the red

flames gleaming on what I took to.be

gun barrels. They disappeared behind

a low shed, merging almost myste-

riously in its shadow. I heard no or-

ders given, no sound of a voice. The

silently moving figures seemed more

like specters than men. As I strove

vainly to discover where they had

vanished I perceived the faint tinge of

gray across the eastern sky. Day-

light was coming; the gang meant to

search the house again, perhaps fire it

as they had the stable, and then ride

away before the Federal garrison at

Lewisburg could receive the alarm.

The light of the fire would certainly

be perceived by the sentries,'and re

ported. Perhaps already the troopers

were in their saddles—but they would

be too late. I turned away from the

window to perceive Nichols sitting up

on the edge‘of the bed.



“What’s afire?” he asked.



“The stable,” I answered crossing

the room, “and, as near as I can make

out the whole gang is headed back

this way to finish the job. Get down

in the corner, where you cannot be

seen from the windows. Oh, yes you

can; you are not so badly hurt. Miss

Noreen.”



She did not answer, but came to

where I was standing, gliding swiftly

along in the shadow of the wall. The

light of the blazing stable illumined

the face upturned questioningly to

mine. ,



“What do you suppose those men

will do '3”



“That is all guesswork. The firing

of the stable may have been an acm-

dent; but if it was done purposely

then I believe they will also apply a

torch to the house before they leave.

But I am not so afraid of that, as I

imagine the cowards will ride away as

soon as they are assured the fire is

well started. They will fear the ap-

proach of soldiers from Lewisburg. Of



hat does that garrison consist?”



“Two troops of cavalry—but what is

it you most fear?”





“That the search without has con-

vinced Cowan that we are still hidden

in the house. Anything else is prefer-

able to having you fall into the hands

of that vallain. He. came here with

one object in view; and will not give

up while there is a hope left. Is there

any other place better than this in

which to hide?" ‘ ~



She shook her head.



“Well, then we must. fight it out here,





mm 3, 191a .





if they come; you have your revolver

—-ah! squad is already below;

lie-ten!” - . .



We stood side by side, scarcely

breathing, close to the bolted door.

The flames of the burning stable were

(lying down, yet there was sufficient

light to render every object in the

room plainly visible. , Intent as I was

on every slight soundv‘below and with-

out, I kept my eyes on Nichols, seated

dejectedly in one corner. Feet tramp-

ed noisily back and forth in the lower

hall, and the sound of voices reached

us, the words indistinguishable.





“They—they are searching the

house,” she whispered, her voice shak-

ing, “and—looting it. Do you hear

that? They are even tearing the

carpet from the floor. Some of them

will come up here.”



“I am afraid so—but you must not

éoslet'your nerve. We shall have to



g .1,



“Fight! yes; but what use?” and

she grasped my arm with both hands.

“Why—why they are ten to one, and

there is no chance for us to outwit

them. Do not think me a fool or a

hysterical girl—it—it is not that! I—

I would not be so afraid, only for that

man. I cannot fall into his power. I

will kill myself first! You do not know

Anse Cowan; but I do; he is a dirty,

foul, cruel dog; I would rather die

than have his hands upon me. I hate

and despise him; he is an incarnate

brute—and—and he is here after me!”



“Hush!” I urged, holding her tight-

ly, her slight form trembling. “Do not

let go yet; they may not even come

up the stairs.”



“But they will,” she insisted. “I tell

you I know the man. He—he swore

he would marry me two years ago; he

told me so, and I laughed at him. He

stopped my father on the road, held a

rifle to his head, and boasted that,

some day he would make me pay his

debts. This is no mere incident of

war—it is revenge! I——I would not be

frightened but for that—that awful al-

ternative. Tell me—tell what what

to do!”



She stared pleadingly into my face,

but, reading no answer there to her

wild appeal, sank to her knees, and

buried her face in her hands. All that

was strong about the girl seemed

swept away by sudden, uncontrollable

terror—by dread of Anse Cowan.

While there appeared to be some hope

of escape her courage had sustained

her, but now, all at once, it gave way

entirely, leaving her in a perfect panic

of fear. I realized fully the nature of

this threat which had broken her spir-

it. She was no less womanly, no less

worthy of respect and love, in her

shrinking of terror. It was not death

she dreaded, nor any physical danger

—it was dishonor; the contaminating

touch of a brutal hand, the foul insult

of a dirty cur. But what could I say?

What could I do? I stood helpless,

uncertain, unable even to find words

of encouragement. No thought, no

plan occurred to me—only to defend

her while I lived. A hoarse, strange

voice roared out an order, seemingly

from the very foot of the stairs.



“That’s enough of that, Samuels!

Here, take your men up above. Be

lively now, and don’t let a rat get

away.”



The girl lifted her head; then got

to her feet clinging to the bed-post.

I could see the glitter of a pistol in

her hand. A thought swept through

my brain—so daring, so reckless, I

gasped at the mere wildness of the

suggestion. Yet it might answer; it

might succeed! But would she con-

sent; even in her desperation, in the

extreme of her terror, would she grasp

at such a straw? There was nothing

else—not another chance. This might

not be one—yet it would surely serve

to delay; it would place me in be-

tween her and Anse Cowan. He could

only reach her over my dead body; for

the moment, at least, it would block

his plan. She could not legally marry

him, if she was once my wife! Of

course, the man might not hesitate in

his mad anger, even at murder—yet

again it was possible that my uniform

would save me—~the troops at Lewis-

burg were not far away; fear of them

might make the villain cautious. It

was a chance—a desperate, reckless

chance—and no more! But the thought

——crazy as it was—flashed instantam

eously through my brain; $00k DOS-

session of me. Only the girl whose

eyes just then met mine——



“1—1 have thought of one way," I

said eagerly, the words coming forth

almost incoherent. “That is if you

will listen to what I propose. There

is nothing else feasible so far as I

can see. They—they are in the front

rooms now-,—hear them! We haven’t

a moment to lose. Will you—will you

consent to marry me?”



“Ye-es———but—”



She shrank back a step, staring at

me with wide-opened eyes, breathing





heavily.

“Marry! Marry you?" she faltered

wildly. “Why. what can you mean?





I——~I do not understand!”

“Of course not—the conception is

wild. impractical. perhaps. It must
JULY 3, 1915.





seem so to you—yet listen. It is the

one way left open to save you from

Anse Cowa . You can trust me? You

do trust me, do you not?”



“This is no time to question. They

are coming here now, those fellows

with Anse Cowan at their head. You

know what for. Whatever the real ob-

ject may be some among them have

not hesitated at murder for its attain-

meat—they will not spare you. The

question is not do you wish to marry

me; but do you trust me more than

you do Arise Cowan? Do you hear

them breaking down those doors at

the front of the house? There, by the

sound, someone is already in the next

room to this. Listen! it will be a form

only—I am not conceited enough to

believe you desire me for your hus-

band. But you know who I am; you

have confidence in my honor, and I

offer you this opportunity to escape

.t‘rom that brute. He cannot marry

you if you are already my wife—”



“He—he could kill you.”



"Yes, there are enough of them; but

that might happen anyway. No doubt

it would, for otherwise I should fight

to the end. I do not think being your

husband will add in the least to my

danger—and it will possibly, legally,

protect you.”



“But how can I? Will it be legal?”



“Noreen, don’t stop to argue, or

doubt,” I urged, grasping her hand in

eagerness. "‘We haven’t time. Listen

to those voices in the hall! Of course

it will be legal—Nichols is an ordain-

ed minister, and no license is requir-

ed. I shall never attempt to hold you,

Noreen, and any court will set you

free the moment you tell the story.

The one, the only thing, for you to

consider now, is escape from Anse

Cowan.”



“You do this to——~to save me?”



“To keep you from falling helplessly

into- the clutches of a beast—tell me

yes!- My God, girl, there they are

now trying the door! Answer—Will

you?”



“Yes—yes, Tom Wyatt—”



With one leap past her I had Nich-

ols by the collar, the muzzle of my re-

volver at his head. A heavy foot

crashed against the door, and a voice

without gave utterance to an oath.



“Marry me to this girl,” I command-

ed sternly. ‘fCome now, not a word;

don't Wait to ask a question. Noreen,

take my hand———”



“Open up in there or we’ll break

down the door!” came hoarsely from

the hallway.



My eyes never left Nichols’ face.

What he read of threat I know not,

but his lips began to stumble through

the form, though I could scarcely dis-

tinguish a word. His face was gray

with terror, and I dare not look aside

at the silent girlwonly I vaguely real-

ized that the hand held in mine trem-

bled, and once, when she had to

speak, the two words uttered were al-

most a sob.



Never surely was there a stranger

marriage in all the world. The dying

embers of the stable fire shot red

gleams of flame over us through the

unshaded windows, giving to Nichols a

ghastly look, and glowing on the steel

barrel of the revolver I held poised at

his head. His voice faltered and broke,

and clotted blood rendered hideous

one side of his face, while his hands

shook as if with palsy. All the sneak-

ing coward in him was manifest. Out-

side a dozen voices roared, one rising

gruff above the others shouting or-

ders. Once a single shot crashed

through the- upper panel of the door

and broke the glass of a window op-

posite. The girl, startled, reeled

against me, and the preacher stopped,

gasping for breath.



“No firing, you fool!” roared a deep

voice angrily. “We don’t want any

dead ones—beat down the door!”



“Go on!” I ordered grimly,





the usual words of the ritual——sound—

ing almost like mockery—~dropped me-

chanically from his tongue. -



“And now I pronounce you man and

wife, and whom Got hath joined to-

gether, let not man put asunder.

Amen.”



She gave vent to a little sobbing

cry, half stifled in her throat, and

shrank away from me. I knew that

her face was buried in her hands, yet

had no time to look that way, or utter

a word. Rifle butts were crashing in

the panels of the door; I could per-

ceive already dim figures revealed

through the jagged openings made in

the light wood, a vista of faces, a

gleam‘of weapons.



“Hit lower down!” yelled the same

gruff voice of command. “There is a

bolt that holds fast—reach in Saun-

ders!”



“Get back—behind the bed,” I call-

ed, pushing her behind me, and brac-

ing myself for'the first shock. The

door gave, sagging aside on its hinges,

and half. falling inward, and through

the opening men tumbled forward, car-

bines gripped in their hands. The red

light gleamed ghastly across their

faces, and revealed—the blue uniform

of Federal cavalry. '





( To be continued).





and ,

thrust the black muzzle hard against .

his cheek. The preacher choked, but ;





THE MICHIGAN FA





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" The Visitor





E are often given hints in the

women’s department, for host-

esses, but it is my intention to



give some ideas to visitors as to how

they shall make their visits pleasant to

those who entertain them. This has

been thought out during a visit to my

home of a mother with two little

children.



In the first place, she left the exact

time of her arrival by train unan-

nounced, but expected to get here “the

first part of the week.” She came on

Saturday. She could have chosen a.

more convenient time. She did not

tell definitely the length of her visit,

and prolonged it very much longer

than she originally planned to.



She worked a great deal trying to

do as much as she made, but as she

chose herself what work she would

do, and sandwiched it in between car-

ing for her two children, their laundry

work and caring for her room, her

part of the family housework was of-

ten most unsatisfactorily done. She

seemed to think her two rather deli-

cate children had, as such and as

guests, rather more privileges than

the children or old people of the fam-

ily. Being a town dweller, she revel-

led in our farm fruits, cream, fresh

eggs and vegetables, but outwardly

she seemed hard to please. She seem-

ed to wish, to give the impression she

was used to better things. She dis-

cussed most of the dishes at meal

times, telling how she preferred food

cooked or seasoned differently. \Ve

cook with wood and light our house

with kerosene, but she told many

times of her gas range and electric

lights, but from the number of times

she has moved and the rent she pays

for such conveniences, I think her

children will have a very little home

feeling.



She left her things and those of her

children everywhere and was always

looking for their nursing bottles, shoes

and stockings and other belongings.



She didn’t enter into the family life

in every way, didn’t attend church,

come into the room to meet callers as

we farmers do, and go out to meet the

neighbors. She was not particularly

careful of her hair and dress, and was

not “ready” to see them, and thought

it too much effort to dress up to take

a ride.



On leaving she left her room in

great disorder with only a slight apol‘





ogy, “I’d like to sweep if I had time,”.





where for two or three days previous-





ly she had done less necessary work._





A careful use of the room and a gath-

ering up of the waste as she went

along would have prevented such dis‘

order.



Now I think this will remind some

readers of some of their company. It.

may remind someone of having done

these same unpardonable things while

in someone else’s home.



The don’ts of this article are sum«

med up thus:



Tell definitely when you are to ar-

rive and keep your word, and how

long you are to stay. If for some rea-

son you cannot then get away, consid-

er your visit is over and you are

boarding and in some way make it up

to your hostess. (A return visit is

suggested to city guests).



The guest should consider herself

for the time being a part of the family





[I ' %§ 3





Her New





JULY 3. 1915.





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





 





and “when in Rome do as the Romans

do.” Hence rising in the morning and

retiring at the same time will help to

make the wheels run smoothly. She

should be a source of pride to the

family entertaining her, should look

well and treat the family, the help

and the friends with great considera~

tion. '



She should not keep the family at

home from church or rides because

she does not care to go. ‘



Some housekeepers do not want any

assistance in their work from guests.

while others think that merely wiping

the dishes is very little help indeed,

compared to what one person makes.



A guest should absent herself and

her children from the family for a lit-

tle of each day and not “hang around”

all the time, for everyone needs to be

alone for awhile. .



A visitor, no matter how near of

kin, should not forget she is an out-

sider, and though told cordially “to





Women and the





E hear a great deal about



\/‘/ homesteads and homestead



rights, but many of us are a.

bit hazy as to what the term home-

stead really means, and what are our

rights in said homestead.



In Michigan a homestead consists of

40 acres, unplatted, together with the

house and appurtenances, or a lot and

house in a platted village or city. The





value in either case is not to exceed‘





$1,500, that is, this amount only will

be exempt from the claims of Credit-

ors, heirs or their assignees.



These homestead rights are intend—

ed as much for the benefit of the wife

and children as for the husband, so

that the husband can not waive his

homestead rights. But it does not pre—

clude the division of the estate after

the husband’s death, for the benefit of

the heirs or their assignees. A widow

whose only child dies after her -hus-

band’s death and who marries again

absolutely forfeits all homestead rights.



No lein except for purchase money

can be established without the wife’s

consent and signature. But the wife

can not interpose her homestead

rights against a chattel mortgage on

the. dwelling given by her husband

alone for its construction.



The wife of‘a purchaser under a

contract has no homestead rights as

against the seller, but the surrender

of a contract to purchase without her

consent does not deprive her of her

homestead right. A breach of con-

tract to sell the homestead furnishes

no basis of action against the husband

if the wife does not join in the con-

tract. Every conveyance of land ex-

cept a mortgage for purchase money

must be signed by the wife. -



When a husband leaves the state

abandoning his wife, the probate court

may authorize her to dispose of her

real estate and any personal property

of her husband’s within the state and

to receive money owed to her hus-

band, and give a discharge of the obli-

gation. All money received in this

way she may use as her own during

his absence. She may also make con-

tracts and deeds as though unmarried

and start and defend suits, so long as

he remains away, and all such con-

tracts shall be binding on husband

and wife. If the husband returns he

may ask to be admitted to prosecute





make yourself at home," should see

and hear as little of the disagreeable

things which happen in all households

as possible. She should not intrude

more than is necessary and yet be

within the family circle to cheer and

help all to have a good time.



As elsewhere, the Golden Rule is

useful to those who are entertained as

well as those who invite company.



Guests should conduct themselves

as if a second invitation depended on

it and not impose on relatives or

friends simply because relationship

or friendship is elastic enough to cov-

er over glaring faults.



A letter telling of your safe return

journey and mentioning some of the

pleasant features of your visit is al-

ways correct. It is called “the bread

and butter” letter, but it might be

called bait for another invitation. The

lack of it and other courtesies might

cause a failure in invitations.



MRS. J. J. GARRISON.





Homestead Laws





or defend a suit with her. Similar

rights may be given to a woman

whose husband is in state’s prison.



A married woman coming from oth-

er states or countries without her hus-

band, he having never lived with her

in this state, may transact business as

though unmarried. If the husband fol-

lows her and claims his marital rights

his coming has no effect on contracts

already made. DEBORAH.





HUGE BOUQUETS OF CONTINU-

OUS BLOOM.





 





BY JULIA RAMSEY DAVIS.



Mrs. Cary had a beautifully kept

flower garden, but the most spectacu-

lar spots on the landscape were the

two immense bouquets on each side of

the front door yard. When questioned

how the effect was obtained, she an-

swered as follows:



“I tried, with success, last summer

the popular ‘barrel of strawberries,’

and decided that different kinds of an-

nual flowering plants could be grown

in the same manner.



“First, I painted my barrels a pret-

ty, dark green. When perfectly dry, I

had two inch auger holel bored in the

sides, a foot apart alternating in rows,

beginning a foot from the top, and

continuing to within the same dis-

tance of the bottom.. Of course, the

tops were removed from the barrels.

Then I filled the barrels with rich

garden soil level with the top, having

first placed them where I wished them

to remain.



“In the top soil I sowed in tiny drills

seeds of mignonette, dwarf nasturti-

ums, sweet alyssum, candytuft, portu«

Iacca, or any favorite plant of low,

compact growth or of trailing habit

will serve your purpose. A few tall

plants, as asters, or salvia may be

planted in the center of the space.

Cover the top with a sash, or other-

wise protect from the cold if the seeds

are sown early. When the plants are

up transplant such as nasturtium,

candytuft and mignonette, or any of

trailing habit, to the holes in the sides

of barrels, leaving the taller ones to

grow in the top with a border of port-

ulacca around the rim.



“By watering freely from the top a

profusion of bloom will result, the bar-

rel assuming a globular shape, com-

pletely hidden by the flowers."





 





TH E LETTER BOX.





 





The “Grown-up Daughter” Speaks.



Dear Deborahz—Your department

in the Michigan Farmer greatly inter—

ests me, in fact, we always read and

discuss it. Now, have you space for

my “spiel?” It may not be particularly

interesting but I am sure my mind.

will feel better for having written it.





A few weeks ago a letter appeared

in “A Warm Defense of Father." The

writer and I may have something in

common as to home affairs, but we

don’t take quite the same point of

view on that subject. He evidently

has a wife who doesn’t want to rock

the baby all the time; would like a,

little help. I don’t want to do all the

work in my part of the house and not

have anything to say as to its arrange-

ment or convenience.





I am the grown-up daughter, that

member of the family who isn’t sup-

posed to have a mind for'anything ex-

cept “beaux and clothes.” While I

might be interested in them occasion-

ally I am not crazy about either.



Since leaving school, I am now 20,

I have been the cook and have done

many of the domestic duties, mother

having a smaller daughter to keep her

busy, sewing, etc. I like the work,

cooking especially, and would like to

take a course in it, but the family in-

sisted I would get so many new-

fangled ideas that I wouldn’t be able

to do anything around here with com-

mon things after that.





Ours is a moderate-sized, well-built

farm house of the times when win-

dows, bay-windows and some more

windows were the style. So many you

haven’t any place for your furniture

nor any love left for the architect who

planned the house, when you get them

cleaned.



Now, here I begin on father. He

has all that’s modern in machinery»

from hay-loader downfi He has all his

money sunk in these things and has

none left to waste on my_“whims.” I

don’t blame him for that, didn’t begin

my revolution soon enough is all. But

I don’t like the attitude‘he takes on

the subject. Anyway, I am not going

to give up just against a. little indif—

ference.



To be sure,,we have some of the

smaller conveniences, gasoline flat-

iron, a vacuum cleaner, etc., but they

don’t make the house itself any handi-

er with well-water on one side, rainv

water on the other, no kitchen and

other similar defects.



I love country life in spite of all its

drawbacks. “It’s farm life for mine,

through rain or shine.” However, I

started to tell you I was here to find

a solution to my problem. This sum-

mer I am ,to have a vacation, and will

spend it at summer school studying

domestic science. I shall look up the

architectural teacher personally and

see what help I can get that way.



In the meantime the family will be

taking a correspondence course, via

all the advertising literature on re-

modeling, plumbing, lighting plants,

etc., that I can find. And if by that

time they aren’t convinced that we

might live longer and be happier by a

few changes, well, I’ll feel better for

haviné‘leamed something myself, any-

way! .» 4



Anyone who? thinks fine right or

wrong and has any suggestionsgplease

send them in.——“Miss America.”
J





 





l





 





 





n a.





1'!





 





 





mLYMM- THE MICHIGAN FARMER _ 13—13

Wmmmnmmmmmm Swammmnmnmnmmmmmnmnmmmmg l .

g .. .. . . s





Fm Clubsi

Woundnmnuinmummmumuumummmmunnnnm





. Address all communications relative

to the organization of new Clubs to

Mrs. J. S. Brown; Howell, Mich.





FARMERW CLUBS IN MINNESOTA.





 





(Continued).



Each Club has become a center of

activity for its members. Coincident

with the thought of entertainment

comes that of education. Books and

magazines are purchased that the

reader may become better informed.

Free traveling libraries from the state

are obtained for the community.

Latent talent is discovered among

members and made use of. Speakers

from other places are obtained and

almost as if by intuition the Club

members become electrified with a

desire to study and learn.



' Through these Clubs better school





,Iacilities have been provided Some





schools have been consolidated. The

school children have been interested

in corn and potato-growing contests,

bread-making, and meat-production

on the farm; and the teachers have

been interested in community activ-

ities as well as in the ordinary school

curriculum. Women have discussed

different methods of doing their work,

have exchanged recipes and patterns,

and in a general way profited by each

other's experiences.



The men have learned their own de-

ficiencies and the strength of their

neighbors. They have considered in

a careful, thoughtful way the value of

good seed, good teed, good tillage,

good stock, and good machinery.

Market problems have been discussed

and the best methods of preparing

and marketing products decided on.





Farmers’ Clubs are the medium

through which many live stock ship-

ping associations have been organized,

and grain elevators and potato ware-

houses built. Telephone companies

have been organized and lines extend-

ed to subscribing farmers where such

service had been thought impossible.

Co-operative creameries have been

duly considered and, where proper

conditions were present, have been

organized. Farmers have agreed to

raise the same variety of potatoes and

the same breed of live stock, and to

buy feed, flour, coal, wood, and fence

posts together in carload lots.

testing associations, the purchase of

a pedigreed sire for improvement of

their stock, the purchase of seeds, and

the encouragement of all forms of bet‘

ter agriculture are some of the finan-

cial benefits brought about through

these Clubs.



While the Agricultural Extension

Division takes much pride in the

Farmers’ Clubs because of the good

work they are doing to further the

cause of better business, better farm-

ing, and better living in the country,

it has no desire to dictate. Having

faith in their power to accomplish

much which can be done best through

their own methods, the Division de-

sires to assist them in every possible

way



Each Club is an independent unit

entirely controlled by its members

and ofllcers. The suggested topics for

discussion are given with but one de-

sire, to be helpful.



Upon request, the Division will un-

dertake to work out special programs

for any Club and give references to

sources of information.



In addition to adopting and using

the topics here given, as the heavy

part of each program, other numbers

should be added. A program should

be well balanced. Do not consider

any one subject so long that the lis-

teners become weary of it. It would

be better to quit at the most interest—

ing point, that a good impression

might be left.



(To be continued).





 





Cow-’





s Grange. ,





"HWWWWMWWMMH. J, W .

STATE GRANGE OFFICERS.





 

 





 





Master—John C. Ketcham, Hastings.

ICverseer—C. H. Bramble, Tecum-

se .



.Lecturer—Dora H. Stockman, Lan-

smg.



Secretary—Jennie Buell, Ann Arbor.



Treasurer—Frank Coward, Bronson.



Executive Committee—C. 8. Bart-

lett. Pontiac ; Geo. B. Horton, Fruit

Ridge; J. W. Hutchins, Hanover; W.

F. Taylor, Shelby.





 





 





Our Motto:——“The farmer is of morel

consequence than the farm, and should j

be first improved." ,





NEWAYGO POMONA MEETING. 3

r '— I





Newaygo County Grange No. 11 met:





 





With Fremont Grange June 8~9, andl.





. . . . l

the meeting was an inspiration and,





success from start to finish. ,



The master of the Michigan State,

Grange, John C. Ketcham, gave one oil

the best Grange talks ever listened to. I

Mr. Ketcham is a forceful, brilliant

and convincing speaker.



He said in Denmark the producer

has 97 cents to put down in his pock-

et. In America he had 35 cents. He

did not believe in raising two blades

of grass where one grew before, if by

so doing it cheapencd the other blade,

and a man had nothing for his labor.

Said the Grange had more influence;

than any other organization, that thel

last quarter was the biggest quarter”

in 40 years, and the month of March

the biggest month in Grange work. All

along the line we must work for in-

crease of membership and have stan-

dard Grange-s. He made a. fine point

on individualism, said we must fling

our opinion to one side; the big

things could only come by organiza-

tion and cooperation. He said the

boys were going back to the farm,

that agriculture in the schools, the

way it is being taught, had much to do





 





with this.



Congressman J. C. McLaughlin made

some trite remarks. He said he was

famed for sending out seeds that

would not grow, and presenting argu-

ments that wouldn’t go down, and he

told the Grange some of the things

that were doing in Washington. He

also said that no organization had the

influence like the Grange with Con-I

gross. 1



At this point our Pomona Master

marched in with the Junior Agricul-

tural club, of Brookside, who gave a

motion song in costume, “Everybody

Milks in Michigan," which took the

house down, and on encore sang “The

Bird for the Farmer,” which was just

fine.



Mrs. Rose sang two solos which were

much appreciated. .One seldom hears

a voice like that at a Grange meeting.



Wm. A. Krause, a member of W.

W. Carter Grange, gave us an inter-

esting talk on “Fresh Air Camp

Work,” and sang a solo, “What Will

Your Harvest Be?” Mr. Krause has

a plot of ground near Hess lake and

he entertains the poor boys from the

slums of the city every summer. He

outlined his plan, and anyone who has

anything to give in money or provi-

sions to help in this work may corres-

pand with Mr. Krause at Newaygo.

He is certainly doing something hu-

mane and should be encouraged.



As. Mr. Warren had to leave with

his club, as they were all in the grad-





 





“Tfle Karla/é

m7 l/ze Farm. ”





OR the sake of showing,r the business mm, the home appeal



and the pleasures to be derived from picture taking,r we



have published a beautifully illustrated little book under the

above title.



Its forty-eight pages are largely filled with picturcs~-

pictures of the kind you would like to take and can take—v

with a. Kodak.



Ask your dealer or write us for a copy of ”THE KODAK

ON THE FARM.” There is no charge. _





EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY,

389 State Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y





 





 





J





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





New Century Flour





Is “Unbleached”





because the bleaching process robs

Hour of much of its nutritive value.

Bleaching whiten: floor but other-

wise impairs it. “New Century”

unbleached flour is



Pure —— Wholesome —— Economical

If you have never used it you have

a treat in store—41. pleasant surprise.

Order a trial sack today. Note haw '

much longer bread made from“New

Century” retains its freshness.





Not bleached. lnsiu on the rack with

"Our Dainty Maid." Mott grocer- cell it.





General Sales Agents :





New Century Co., Detroit:





‘Ous DAm-rv MAm‘





With Blame!





PORT HURON. BAY CITY. GRALD

RAPIDS. SAGINAW





(9!





DETROIT, CLEV ELAND,

BU FFALO, NIAGARA FALLS,





MACKl / TOLEDO.DT.HURON,

4f© ALPENA, 5T. IGNACE.





A LAKE TRIP FOR REST AND RECREATION





Have a real vacation on the Great Lakes. the most enjoyable outing in America. .

Daily service between Detrmt and Cleveland and Detroit and Buflslozrfour trim!

and Detroitk to 3&3“th Island and way portsbtiwontnpg Xfekrliz

i t 'mer Cleveland to Mac inac slam . no stops enroute except e ro' an . pe ,

£32213 3:; trips between Detroit and Cleveland during July and August; daily servnce bo-

w 'l' 1 do and Put-iwl’ay.

‘ “RAI‘lIlBlOAD TICliETS’ AVAILABLE FOR TRANSFORTATION on D. k C. Steamers

between Detroit and Buffalo or Detroit and Cleveland either direction.

Send two-cent stamp for illustrated pamphlet and Great Lakes map. Address L. G.

LeWIS. G. P. A., Detroit. Mich. Set of poster stamps mailed for five cents.





,DETROIT & CLEVELAND NAVIGATION COMPANY

Philippe. McMillan, Pres.





Tl-l_E COAST LINE





weekly from Toledo





A. Schantz.

Vice-Pres. 6:

G l





 





 





 





uating exercises at Brookside, and as

Mr. Ketcham was to speak out there,

we decided to hold no evening meet-

ing, but a. short business session in

the morning. After the meeting Mr.

Ketcham held a school of instruction,

which was very interesting.



Grange called to order at 9:00 a. 111.

Wednesday morning, and after a short

business meeting the program was

again taken up. '





to represent a reliable concern can-

vassing among farmers in your own

neighborhood or elsewhere. No expe— .

a.» cums...“ rience necessary. Liberal pay, and-

momma-omens Ito-tints. supplies furnished free to right part-





"Am—AN mzmwnmgaupi. ies. Reference required. Address,

r ideas. ch bet sol 1:. W

film x. '23? “$533.3”: muffle?! momma. ME THE IMO" mm,





”mmmmmm‘iAGENTS WANTED

‘1‘, , _. mu. Neandmmr





metal, can't spill or tip

over: will not soil or

injure anything.

Guaranteed directive,





”hymn:





   





 





(Continued next week).





“are.“ u .' mucous e on. m

amounts. 'bm. . wasmoron‘. D. 0, M0“: "ENC!!!
THE MICHI‘GA





 





N‘ FARM E—R‘ ,_





JULY 3, 1915.;





 





 





14—14



EllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllIlIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllli

Markets

E ' s

Efllllllllllllllllllllll|Ill|llllll|IIIllIllI||llllIlIll|lllll|llll|ll|llllllllllllll|Illllllllllllllllllllfllllllll





WEATH ER FORECAST.





June 29, 1915.



For region of Great Lakes for week

beginning Wednesday, June 30. The

weather will be unsettled first three

days of week, culminating in a shower

period about Saturday; thereafter fair

weather; the tendency will be toward

higher temperatures.





GRAINS AND SEEDS.





June 29 1915.

Wheat—A week ago the bulls again

got possession of the wheat trade and

since then the market has been grad-

‘ ually advancing. Rains over a large

portion of the southwestern district

where harvesting and threshing is in

progress is believed to have done ex—

tended damage. Harvesting is also

being delayed in other sections by

slow ripening, which, with an improve-

ment in the foreign demand, has re-

vived a call for cash wheat. Winter

wheat is especially strong at the pres-

ent time. The world shipments were

of small volume last week, and Euro-

pean supplies are known to be limited.

There was a falling off in cargoes

from India, Austrilia and Argentine.

Farmers in this country will probably

sell wheat conservatively now that

they have been educated to high val-

ues. This will undoubtedly assist in

holding values on a higher basis. The

visible supply decreased 2,624,000 bu.

last week. No. 2 red wheat sold here





 





 





one year ago at 86340 per bushel. Quo--





tations are:





No. 2 No. 1

Red. White. Sept.

Wednesday . . .. . 1.15% 1.12% 1.03 %

Thursday . . . . . .1.16 % 1.13% 1.03%

Friday ......... 1.18 1.15 1.04 14

Saturday . . . . . . . 1.18 1.15 1.03 %

Monday ........ 1.19% 1.16% 1.05

Tuesday . . . . . .‘ 1.17 1.06. .

Chicago—July wheat $1.05; Sept.





$1.01%; Dec., $1.04%.



Corn.-——-From all sections of the

country come reports of a poor corn

crop; the state report of Kansas gives

the condition as 65 in that common-

wealth, and experts state that it will

require fully 90 days of perfect weath—

er to make a fair showing in the Illi-

nois section. This condition is stim-

ulating the purchase of old corn and

supplies are fast disappearing. One

year ago No. 3 corn was selling at

71%0 per bushel. Quotations are:

No. 3 No. 3

Mixed. Yel’lznw.





Wednesday ......... 77



Thursday . . . . . . . . 77 78

Friday coo-coon... 77 78

Saturday 76% 78

Monday ..... 77 78

Tuesday ... 77 78





Chicago—July corn 73.1c; Sept.

71.60; Dec. 63.40.



Oats—Some experts believe the oat

crop this year will exceed the record

crop of 1912. There is a large acreage

and weather conditions have favored

the normal development of the plant.

Foreigners are making some purchas-

es and general inquiry indicates fur-

ther buying by Europe. One year ago

standard oats were quoted here at

40%c per bushel. Visible supply de-





creased over 1,000,000 bushels. Quo-



tations for the week are:



No. 3

Standard. \Vhite.

Wednesday 51 50%

Thursday ....... . . . . 51 1/2 50%

Friday 51% 5014

Saturday . . . . ...... . 51 % 50%

Monday . . . . . 51 % 501/2

Tuesday ............ 51 % 50%

(éhicago.—July oats 43.3c: Sept.

c





Rye—Market is lifeless with No. 2

cash quoted at $1.12 and August rye

at 930 per bushel.



Beans.—The demand for beans is

light and prices are down 10c since

last. week. Detroit quotations: Cash

32 90: July $2.95. Chicago trade is quiet

and steady. Pea beans. hand—picked

choice, quoted at $3.18fl325: common

$3@3.15; red kidneys $3.25@3.65.





FLOUR AND FEEDS.





Noun—Jobbing lots in one-eighth

paper sacks are selling on the Detroit

market per 196 lbs., as follows: Best

patent $6.30: seconds $6; straight

$5.98; spring patent $6.50; rye flour



6 4





 





Feed—In 100-lb. sacks, jobbing lots

are: Bran $25; standard middlings

$29; fine middlings $32: cracked corn

‘ $33; corn and oat chop $30 per ton.



Hay.—Market is steady. Carlots on

track at Detroit are: No. 1 tim-

othy $18.50@19: standard $17.50(d)18:

No. 2, $16.50@17; light mixed $17.50,



18' No. 1 mixed $16@16.50; No. 1





clover $14@14.5o.





 





‘ New York—Steady. No. 1, $241;-

No. 2, $23@23.50. " .



Straw—Rye straw $8@8.50; whea

and oat straw $7@7.50 per ton.





DAIRY AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.





Butter.-—-Steady and in fair supply.

No change in prices. Extra cream-

ery 27c; firsts 25%0; dairy 210;

packing stock 19%c.



Elgin.——A decrease in amount of of-

ferings brought an advance of %c in

price. Quotation for the week is 270

per pound.



Chicago.~—A quiet and easy feeling

exists. Market is well supplied. No

change in prices. Extra creamery

270; extra firsts 26@26%c; firsts 24%

@25%c; seconds 22%@23c; packing

stock 200.



Poultry—Market is firm with prices

slightly higher than last week. Live.—

Broilers 25@270; hens 14%@15c;

ducks 17@17%c; geese 10@11c.



Chicago—Little change in the mar-

ket. Receipts heavy and demand mod-

erate. Fowls, good weights 14c; spg

chickens 2 lbs. and up 21@22c per lb;

1 lb. to 1% lbs. 21@220; small 20c;

ducks 130; young ducks 1%@2 lbs.

15@16c; geese 8@9c; guinea hens

$2.75@3 per dozen.



Eggs—Market is firm with prices

unchanged. Fresh stock sells at 180

per dozen.



Chicago—Feeling is easy and mar-

ket rather dull. Supply is good but

not of the best quality. Prices slight-

ly lower. Miscellaneous lots. cases in-

cluded 16@17140; ordinary firsts 16@

1614c: firsts 16%@17%c. '



VeaI.——Quoted steady at 11%@12c

for fancy, and 10@11c for common.





 





FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.





Strawberries.—In good demand.

Michigan 16-qt. cases sell for $1@1.25;

home—grown $3@3.25 per bushel.



Chicago—Market is tame except for

best northern berries. Berries from

southern part of state mostly sold to

peddlers. Michigan 16—qt. cases $1@

1.50. according to quality.



Potatoes.——Market is dull and weak.

Quoted at 15c per bushel in sacks. At

Chicago the market is steady at lower

prices. Michigan white in bulk are

quoted at 18@25c per bushel.



Gooseberries.~—Slow. Only large

kind have sale; 16-qt. cases are quot-

ed at 500@$1.





WOOL.



Boston—The wool market contin-

ues strong with prospects for higher

values. The clothing trade is improv-

ing, which with better business condi-

tions and demand from Europe and

Great Britain to fill war orders, gives

dealers an optimistic View and encour-

ages manufacturers to take raw mate-

rial at prices of the seller. English

markets are advancing. Boston re—

ceipts are smaller than those of last,

year at this time. Michigan unwash-

ed delaines are quoted in Boston at

26@27c: do. combing 29@34c; do.

clothing 24@300 per pound.





GRAND RAPIDS.





The old potato deal is practically

over now, a few loads selling this

Week on the city market at 20@25c.

New potatoes are quoted by some of

the stores at 200 per peck. The early,

potato crop in this section promises

well and harvest will soon begin.

Strawberries have been bringing good

Drices. owing to the short crop, fancy

berries selling this week at $1.80 per

case. Cherries will be in large supply

this week and rices for this fruit

range up to $1.5 per crate, according

to variety and quality. Gooseberries

are worth $1. Fresh eggs are worth

16%6?17c: dairy butter 210. Grain

prices unchanged.





 





 





 





DETROIT EASTERN MARKET.



Tuesday morning’s offerings were

large, with strawberries the leading

commodity. Prices for this fruit rans-

ed from $1.90@3.25 per 24-qt. case. de-

pending on quality. Lettuce 1562250

per bu: old potatoes 500; cabbage

650; home-grown tomatOes $2 per 14-

lb. basket: cherries $2 per 24-qt. case

or 10c per qt; gooseberries 10c per

qt: onions 5c bunch; beets 5c bunch:

eggs 25c per dozen: loose hay is of-

fered rather sparingly with prices

ranging from $21@23.50 for good hay.





LIVE—STOCK MARKETS.





 





 





Buffalo.

. ' June 28, 1915

(SpeCial Report of Dunning & Stev-

ens, New York Central Stock

Yards, Buffalo, N. Y.)



Receipts here today as follows: Cat-

tle 115 cars; hogs 105 d. d.; sheep and

lambs 7 d. d.; calves 1400 head.



With 115 cars of cattle. on the mar-

ket here today and 16,000 reported in





Chicago, our market on all the cattle

of good quality- was from 25@35c per





.cwt. higher than last week. The mar-





ket was slow at the advance, but at

the close everything was sold and the

market closed strong, and.we antici-

pate high prices for all fat cattle from

this time on, asthe fat cattle of good

quality are apparently scarce every-

where and the demand is growing

right along in the 'beef trade, conse-

quently we expect good strong prices

for all good cattle.



We had a fair supply of hogs here

today and while prices were lower on

the light-weight stuff, the heavy and

mixed grades sold no lower than Sat-

urday’s best time. All western mar-

kets were considerable lower than on

Saturday and we were very fortunate

in securing the prices we did for our

hogs. Anything outside of extreme

heavies sold at $8.25; heavy grades

quotable at $8@8.10; roughs $6.50@

6.75; stags $5@5.50. Late market was

extremely dull and what few hogs

sold after 10 o’clock were 5@10c lower

than the opening prices. Prospects

favor a lower market balance of the

week, although we would not look for

any great change on the handy weight

hogs.



The market was active today on

lambs and sheep with prices 75c high-

er than the close of last week: most

of the choice lambs selling at $11.

Look for steady prices last of week

with moderate receipts.



We quote: Spring lambs $11@11.25:

cull to fair $6@10.50; yearlings $7.50

@9; bucks $3@4.50: handy ewes $5.75





@6: heavy ewes $5@5 50; wethers

$6.50@7: cull sheep $3@4; veals,

choice to extra $10.75@11: fair to





good $7@10.50; heavy calves $6@8.





 





Chicago.





June 28, 1915.



Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.



Receipts today..16,000 42.000 7,000

Same day 1914..16,448 37.066 23.452

Last Week ...... 38.740 139.780 55.987

Same wk 1914..37,045 127,151 76,724

Shipments from here last week

amount to 7,521 cattle, 19,772 hogs





and 1,786 sheep, comparing with 17,-

634 cattle, 27.948 hogs and 28,698

slgiefp for the corresponding week of

1 1 .



Sales of cattle today were rather

late in starting, but sentiment was

bullish, and a firmer market was indi-

cated, because of the small supply.

Hogs were in liberal supply, and buy-

ers forced prices 10@15c lower, with

sales at $6.95@7.80. Hogs received

last week averaged 231 lbs. Lambs

were headed for much higher prices,

with a meager number offered on the

market, packers getting a large share

of the supply direct from Louisville.

Shorn ewes sold as high as $5.75, and

prime range spring lambs were held

for $11@11.25.



Cattle advanced sharply during the

first half of last week, reaching their

highest prices on Wednesday, when

the bulk of the steers sold at $8.50@

9.35, the highest prices seen in a long

time. The best class of heavy steers

went at $9.20@9.55, while the inferior

to fair class of light-weight, thin,

grassy steers sold at $6.50@7.80, with

sales of plain to medium warmed-up

steers at $7.85@8.50. Medium to good

handy steers sold at $8.55@8.85 and

good to choice corn-feds at $8.90@

9.15, with choice to prime heavy

beeves selling at $9.20@9.55. The best

class of little yearlings made a fresh

high record by selling at $9.25@9.70,

while a good class of these steers

brought $9 and upward. with sales all

the way down to $7.50@8.50 for infer-

ior to fair offerings. Butchering cows

and heifers had a good outlet at $5.10

@950, the best little yearling heifers

making several fresh high records, as

the previous top price was $9 25. The

choicest cows sold at $8@8.25 to a

limited extent, while cutters went at

$4.40@5, crnners at $3.25@4.35 and

bulls at $5@7.75, with a few prime lit-

tle yearling bulls selling up to $8.

Calves were in good demand, so far at

least as the desirable light-weight

vealers were concerned, these selling

for $961310 per 100 lbs. while sales

were made all the way down to $5@7

for common, to fair heavy weights.

On Thursday, as is so apt to be the

case on that day, the general demand

for cattle became so poor that prices

had to be cut 10@15c from Wednes-

day’s high level before a clearance of

the moderate offerings were made.

Numerous sales of mixed lots of year-

ling steers and heifers were made, and

there was a sale of 21 head of such

cattle that averaged 1051 lbs. at.$9.60.



Hogs were marketed with a fair de-

gree of freedom last week, and there

was on the whole a fairly active gen-

eral demand, with eastern shippers

taking fair numbers of the better class

of light and heavy barrows. After a

few moderate declines in prices, the

market rallied on smaller offerings

and a brisk demand, with a regular





boom in prices on Thursday, when the ,





 





advance amounted to 20c. Recent hog

receipts haveaveraged in weight only

229 lbs., comparing‘with 237 lbs. .one

year ago and 240 lbs. two years ago.

In quality the hogs now coming to

market are not nearly so good as the

average receipts of several weeks ago.

Prospects are that no marked changes

in prices will take place in the near

future, according to the best authoriv

ties. The top prices of hogs for the

week was $7.95, with closing prices

$7.15@7.92%, top being paid for the

best light, while the best heavy

brought $7.75. Pigs sold at $6@7.60,

and stags at $6.75@7.35.



Lambs were marketed sparingly last,

week, as usual, spring lambs compris-

ing most of the receipts, with only

limited offerings of clipped fed lambs

and shorn native ewes. Wethers, too,

were scarce, but a few big bunches of

Colorado wooled yearlings arrived and

sold well. As the week advanced the

market developed firmness, and fat

spring lambs advanced sharply, as-did

shorn ewes and shorn lambs. Pack-

ers received a liberal share of the

springs direct from Louisville. The

first shipment of northwestern range

spring lambs and shorn lambs and

yearlings arrived from Idaho on Mon-

day. Oregon also sent some year-

lings. Spring lambs closed the week

at $6.75@10.60, while clipped flocks

sold as follows: Lambs $5@9.25;

yearlings $6.25@8; wethers $5.75@

6.85; ewes $3@5.75; bucks $3.75@5.

Everything closed materially higher

than a week earlier.



Horses were in active demand last

week, with army horses chiefly want-

ed, mounts selling at $135@150 and

“gunners” at $145@200.





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on





 





JULY: 3, .1915. -'





.THIS Is THE FIRST somou.





 





The first edition is sent to thou who

have not expressed a desire for the

latest markets. The late market edi-

tion will be sent on request at any

time. .





-DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.





 





Thursday’s Market.

June 24, 1915.

Cattle.





Receipts 2027. There was another

heavy supply of. cattle on sale this

week at the local yards and as pre

dicted last week everything but bulls

and conners dropped 25c per cwt.

from last week; the quality was not

nearly so good as it has been for sev-

eral weeks past, receipts being mostly

of the grasser order. The inilch cow

and springer condition remains the

same; nothing can be driven out or

shipped for feeding purposes. It seems

too bad, with no disease in the state

and the farmer with plenty of grass

for pasture, that they cannot get any«

thing to feed. And the consumer can

make up his mind that if he eats any

beef; this coming winter that it Will

cost him something.



Best dry-ted $8.25@8.60; best handy

weight butcher steers $7.50@8; mixed

steers and heifers $7.50@7.65; handy

light butchers $7@7.25; light butchers

$6.50@7; best cows $5.50@6; butcher

cows $5@5.25; common cows $4.25@

4.50; canners $3@4; best heavy bulls

$6@6.50; bologna bulls $5.25@5.50.



Roe Com. Co. sold Kull 5 butchers

av 614 at $6.40; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 1 bull wgh 1600 at $6.50, 7 do av

1103 at $6, 4 butchers av 725 at $6.75,

2 do av 1150 at $7.75, 1 cow wgh 960

at $5, 7 steers av 1047 at $8.60, 1 cow

wgu 1160 at $5.75, 3 do av 930 at $5,

2 do av 1090 at $5.75; to Thompson

Bros. 10 butchers av 722 at $7, 1 steer

wgh 690 at $6.50; to Sullivan P. Co. 1

do wgh 690 at $6.50; to Kamman, B.

Co. 2 do av 695 at $7.50, 2 cows av 995

at $5.75; to Mich. B. Co. 1 bull wgh

1130 at $6.50, 1 cow wgh 1000 at $4.75,

1 do wgh 960 at $4.50. 1 do wgh 1060

at $6,'2 do av 825 at $4.75; to Ham-

mond, S. & Co. 16 steers av 957 at

$8.25: to Kamman B. Co. 13 do av 854

at $7.30; to Sullivan P. Go. 7' do av

1087 at $8; to Bresnahan 3 cows av

1253 at $6.25, 1 do wgh 1000 at $5.25.

1 do wgh 1350 at $5.50:_to Sullivan P.

00. 5 butchers av 740 at $6.10; to

Goose 3 cows av 1017 at $5.35.



Haley & M sold Sullivan P. Co.

19 butchers av 800 at $7.55, 11 do av

950 at $7.50; to Rattkowsky 1 cow

wgh 910 at $5.15. 1 do wgh 940 at

$4.50, 2 heifers av 610 at $6, 1 bull

wgh 1220 at $5.10; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 2 do av 1020 at $6.25, 1 heifer wgh

760 at $7, 2 steers av 1005 at $6.50, 3

butchers av 1043 at $6.40, 1 bull wgh

1700 at $6.50, 1 do wgh 1140 at $6.25;

to Parker, W. & Co. 1 do wgh 890 at

$6, 1 heifer wgh 480 at $5; to Hein-

rich 2 steers av 775 at $7.30, 8 do av

811 at $7.30; to Schuman 5 do av

982 at $7.50; to Parker, W. & Co. 13

butchers av 670 at $6.50; to Mason B.

Co. 5 do av 982 at $7.50; to Resnick

1 cow wgh 1040 at $4.25; to Thompson

Bros. 2 do av 705 at $5.50; to Sullivan

’1’. Co. 9 do av 1104 at $5.75, 3 do av

950 at $5.65; to Applebaum 4 butchers

av 635 at $6.25; to Parker, W. & Co.

15 do av 558 at $6.50. 16 do av 778 at

$7, 2 canners av 885 at $4; to Ratt-

kowsky 5 cows av 1182 at $6, 3 do av

1090 at $5.05.



Veal Calves.



Receipts 774. The veal calf trade

was active from start to finish, and a

large number of the good ones sold

readin at $.10 per cwt., with mediums

and common at $7@9; the close was

strong.



Haley & M. sold Parker, W. & Co.

12 av 180 at $9.75, 10 av 169 at $10,

4 av 185 at $10, 6 av 200 at $10, 17 av

175 at $10.



Reason & S. sold Mich. B. Co. 2 av

170 at $9, 1 wgh 140 at $9; to Thomp-

son Bros. 2 av 170 at $9.75; to Costel-

lo 11 av 175 at $9.50, 1 wgh 140 at

$8; to Parker, W. & Co. 12 av 150 at

$10, 5 av 180 at $8.



, Sheep and Lambs.



Receipts 799. The supply of sheep

and lambs was again light and mar-

ket strong at last week’s prices on

everything; good springers selling at

$10.50@10.75; the close was strong.



Best lambs $10@10.75; fair lambs

$7.50@8; light to common lambs $6@

7: l‘eailings $7@8; fair to good sheep

gézgo@4.50; culls and common $2.50





llale e M. sold Parker, W. a Go.

14.1w av 67 at $10.59. 4 do av so





at $8.50, 3 sheep av 135 at $4, 9 do av-





58 at $10.50, 12 lambs av 75 at $10.25.

17 do av 70 at $10.25, 20 yearlings av

90 at $8.50, 9 sheep av 150 at $4.50.

Reason & S. sold Mich. R. Co. 12

yearlings av 95 at $7.50; to Fitzpat-

rick Bros. 15 lambs av 65 at $9.50. 5

$2.285” av 125 at $4.25. 9 do av 120 at





H ' .



Receipts 7128. 021.1. the hog division

the market was active and 100

3:13;; packers’ grades selling £91.90;





 





THE M [CHI





..Friday-’e Market.

June 25, 1915.





~ Cattle.

Receipts this” week 2274; last week

957; umrket steady. Best dry-fed





steers $8.25; best handy weight butch-

er steers $7.50@7.75; mixed steers and

heifers $7.25@7.50; handy light butch-

ers $6.50((_1)7; light butchers $6.25@

6.75; best cows $5.50@5.75; butcher

cows $5@5.25; common cows $4.25@

4.75; canners $3@4; best heavy bulls

$6@6.25;. bologna bulls $5.25@5.50.





Veal Calves.



Receipts this week 965; last week

855; market strong. Best $10@10.50;

. Sheep and Lambs.



others $7@9.50.



Receipts this week 1026; last week

1330; market steady. Best spg lambs

$10@10.50; fair lambs $7.50@8; light

to common lambs $6@7; yearlings $7

@8; fair to good sheep $4.25@5.25;

culls and common $2.50@3.



Hogs.



Receipts this week 9479; last week

9977; market steady to Sc lower; all

grades $7.90.





ammmmwmlmummmmmm

Ve teri nary.





CONDUCTED BY W.‘ C. FAIR, V. S.





Illlllllllllllllllllllllllll

lIllIllllllllllllllllllllli|I





%

E

E

i

g

i

E

E

E

5





 





Indigestion — Scours—Warbles. —— I

have a three-year-old cow that thrived

well until she freshened, which was

about six weeks ago; since I turned

her out on June grass she has scour-

ed. I believe she eats enough but the

food fails to do her much good and

she is not giving more than a quart of

milk at a milking. I also have a Short-

horn cow that has some bunches on

back with a little hole in them, and

when squeezed a large grub pops out.

L. H. P., Batavia, Mich—It is possible

that the June grass she is eating is

not the right kind of food ’for her.

Better stable her for a few days, feed-

ing her some ground oats and dry

wheat bran and mixed hay. Also give

her 1,5 oz. of ground ginger, 3,9 oz. of

ground gentian and 1 oz. bicarbonate

of soda at a dose three times a day.

The bunches you .refer to are warbles

-—each of them containing a grub

which should be squeezed out then

killed. If the opening that nature has

made is not large enough, make it

larger with a pen knife, then apply a1-

cohol to sores daily, dusting on some

boracic acid after the alcohol dries.



Bunch on Side—I have a cow that

has a swelling on her side above ud-

der; walks quite stiff, but gives the

same quantity of milk as before bunch

came. E. W., Vassar,

tincture iodine to bunch daily.



Foreign Body in Stomacl:.-—Have a

two-year-old cow which came fresh

one week ago; thrived well up I

three days ago; suddenly lost appe—

tite, dried up on milk flow. bloats

some, bowels inactive, and will not

eat. Have given salts and applied in-

jections. When cow rroves around

she grunts and moans as if suffering

pain. A. D. 1)., Prescott, Mich—It is

possible that your cow swallowed a

nail, piece of wire. or some other for-

eign body which has lodged in storm

Rob and may perhaps cause her death.

Give. her salts,

plenty of weak salt and water to wash

out stomach and bowels.



Parrot Mouth—I have a mole. no"

i“wee weeks old whose lower iaw

lacks about one inch of being as long

as his upper. thus not allowing the

front teeth to come together. Do vou

think this will be outgrown?. If not

could anything be done and will it in-

terfere with his usefulness later? R

R. Lucien. Mich—The incisor tooth

assist the libs in nrebension. or pull-

!“2‘ in of food, bosides nibbling grass

and cutting it 011’: therefore a parrot

mouth fails in this particular: how-

ever, it is astonishing how much na-

ture does towards remedving this de-

fect. Nothing can be done to assist

nature, in this kind of a case.



Weakness—l have a four-vear-nld

horse that travels sh’fl“ and water drib-

bles from him most of the. time. G

Wu Muskingum. Mick—Give him 1

dr. fluid extract of nux vomica and 2

drs. of acetate of potash at a dose in

feed twice a day. Perhaps you had

better have him examined bv a com-

petent Vet. for stone in bladder.



Itchy Necks—I would like to know

how to treat horses: that are trouble:l

With an itchv conditiouof neck. The

remedies I have applied fail m. do

them any good. J. A. H.. Miningto"

Mich—Apply one part bichloride of

mercury and 1.000 parts water. or a!)-

piv one part coal tar disinfectant and





29 parts water to itchy parts twice a]





day. Give a desseflnpoonnu of Fow-





Ier's solution at a dose twice a. day;





Your horse that died either choked m-

snfloeeted hum obstruction in upper

air passages.





Mich.——Apply-





raw linseed oil and





 





 





GA N .. FA R MER





15—15





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Hans and Farm lands For Sale

Crops Included





136 Acres, $4200. Easy Term.





In addition to the growim crops you will set I

horses. .5 rows. w. one. machinery and tools with thin

a lendid near-val age farm if taken at once: nearly

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Game pen an-



IM and Dal-u. r: ve





 





 

 

 

   





 





 





We furnish work fox-our sottleno. Write to: maps.

2 silos. one but





15. ‘m—Two one lmildi

‘ no: is). one 36: running water in

barn“ stablmq for '10 cows; ice houses. lot of other

buildings; 5 miles to 3towna and railroads. 250 Acres

With dogoproof tones for sheep; 20 Acme coed

l200 bu. oats. Must be sold at once. 0n 881136

part coda. Hall's Farm Agency. Owoao, Tioca (inn. Y?

best farm land in Mich-l





WHY PAY RBI m..- .12.... ..





acre or: easy toms. Write for particulars.

S‘I‘AFFELD BROTHERS. Owners.

15 Merrill Bldg, Saginaw. West Side. Mich.





when you can buy the





 





— st refit 'bl _

hm cw.” FMS in-nosooizion i: setagfieall farm]





. . _ eal l .

some. Write tor list A Benhnm & Trim. Hastings. Mia:





AOh‘ ES. 32 improved. fro-o louse. booe-

. neat. born. amps. shook. tools. Good man for

lellln‘. Lymu Number. owner. H. 3. Goylocdlich.





WANTED gothzrel'romner of good farm





0 .

description. I). F. BUSH. Mhnumgwlslizzlt





ANTED—Experimiced married farmer to work Gigi «or

fun. fully equipped. mu- heh good building, zlll‘f‘flo

etc. Mrence necessary. c. r. uuonnr. Ilsyville. men:





We are commission mom





to

halt}, Calm. £83. finds and Vegetables.

Wulbo pleased to quote market on request When

FEE??? $33"; fi'féé‘i‘d‘fimélfl'

Eastern Market. Detroit. Mich. PAKY.





H A (33612: wNEXV LOCATION—

. slid Bldg” W Pa.

_— Danae! McCofiney's Sons Co.

—W ' from

m agent‘s"... oss°3°x§um3£§2

m largo-kg}:- ship. firfiamubyéx-

'rlb lam .n _ .

mic- latter & (hoes: 02.. gthgulm:





6mm we want yours-bir-

t ‘ Highs-t. market price.

“ Sta for mil. m I. L.

“a km a" Detroitflich.
THE MICHIGAN FARMER





JULY 3, 1915.





 





 





Save Time,‘ IIoney, Trouble





And they look better. A big list of

users throughout the country write that they

wouldn't use "any other kind. Edwards Mctal

Shingles stay on—and stay long. Fire can’t

hurt them. They lock together by the wonder-

ful Interlocking DeVice and are weather

proofed and water prooi'ed by the Edwards



‘Tightcote" process. Thus your.roof covering

becomes virtually one-piece the Edwards way.





 





We are now able to furnish all Edwards

Roofin and Siding in tin plate, either

painte or unpainted.



This is preferred by many who do _not

care to pay the higher price for galvanized

sheets due to their great scarczty.





Free Lightning Insurance

A $10,000 bondjs your protection against light-

ning loss. This insurance costs you nothing.

So—you save every way, and have a better

roof covering when you use Edwards Metal

Shingles. Prices are still down, but they must

go up very soon because ofadvancing costspf

new materials. Write today forpresent specral

rises and Catalog 761. Giye Size of roof.

verything made easy. Write today-right

NOW—before prices advance.





'I'IIE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING 00.





 





 





 





 





 





717-767 Look 81., Cincinnati. Ohio





     





 





 





clear

armers





—the famous motor press that is makin

profits of $10. $15, $20 a day for shrewd



everywhere. Makes it own power (4, 6, or 8 H. P.)

from Simple gas engine on same truck. Both Press





and Engine made in our own factory. You can





Break All

BalingRecords





in your neighborhood with the fast working Sand-

wich Motor Press“ Sure certain operation—solid

salable bales. Friction clutch right _on ress.

Heavy "can’t slip" steel chain .belt.. Simp e self

feeder and block dropper. En me With Magneto.



We make Horse and Be t ower Presses too.





Get Our Book





—"‘I’ono‘l’oII"—pscked from cover to cover with valuable



hay bulinc facts. Show ."‘ actual figures the bur profits you



can make with a Sandwig‘iiir Press. A postal brings a copy

ess





FREE. Write NOW!





SANDWICH "Fe. 60., 5140AK ST" SANDWICHJLL

Box 5'4 .COuncll Bluffs. ls. Box 514. Kansas Clty. Mo.





 





Can Start Easy to Turn





or Stop





 





 

 

 





 





Instantly





 

 





Great for '

Windrow

Billing





   





2% to 3% Tons

. per hour





 

   





 





 





 





(Ru. U. S. Pal. Ofiu)

SPARK PLUGS

lare the big guns that put the real power

in a motor. Their big,

sure. hot spark .

is a wonder

worker.





 

   

   

 

 





Ask your

dealer on

direct.





 





. ‘, 00 a

o ‘ .

. ”ionos'oooooooooo ~

2m) Grannies Mtg. 00., Inc. 20 Bush Terminal, Brooklyn. 11.7.;

17. 3. A. Makers 0/ Ewrlam’ngly Goad Molar Nerurilin.





 





L533? Band Instruments , .



Fifty You! tho $undud um

Lyon & Hesiy American Pro- ,/

fessional Cornet plays like

Sixty -— costs only Thirty

Dollars. Write for complete

catalog with terms, and be

sure to tell us what instru-

ment you are interested in.





, LYON a HEAL?

41-48 Adams St. Chicago





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





 





 





 





SAVE YOUR APPLES

With s Monarch Hydraulic Cider Press

you can turn your culls into good selling _'

cider. You can also do custom pressing E.

for {our neighbors. Our improved

his pressure construction gets all

thejuice from the ap ion with min-

imum power. All s zes of . .

Presses, from 15w400bsrrels u. ,1.»~_- "



ii day. A small investment

will start you in a profitable ‘

business. Ask for nee, 60;)? Press .



- Catalogue describing our 191 utfits. ' ‘ l ' 1

. s. racism 00.. Ltd" Box 112. YonLhSQ —-l





 





, kind.





Sidelights on





that there has been a feeling of

uneasiness in the butter trade

during the past year, prices are being

maintained on a parity with thOSe of

1914 and 1913, and about two cents

above the corresponding values of 1912.





In the June report of the ware-

ihouses of the country, it is observed

[that the stocks of butter are about

[5,000,000 pounds short of those car-

ried at the corresponding period in

l1914. The amount on hand June 1 ag-

‘gregated 11,370,000 pounds; at the

isame time in 1914 there were 16,234,-

iOOO pounds.



This situation has probably been

i brought about by reason of the poor

pasturage which prevailed over a large

iarea of this country during the early

ipart of the season. Throughout the

central states where the bulk of the

icountry’s butter is produced, there

iwas a lack of rain, particularly during

the month of April. This resulted in

a spring butter production below the

average. During the latter part of

May and the fore part of June, condi-

tions changed and there was an ample

rainfall, but coming so late this mois-

ture tended to grow an inferior qual-

ity of pasturage, due to the presence

of a large amount of weeds. With

such feed cows do not produce a qual-

ity of cream that will make the high-

pest grade of butter, which fact un-

Idoubtedly is working toward the re-

striction of sales.



Another reason for the smaller-

lstocks lies in the reduction of the

number and size of dairy herds. Re-

: cent high grain values have taken the

iattention of farmers who are willing

{to forego the pleasure of milking 730

gtimes a year and confine themselves

,to grain production, where they may

ienjoy greater freedom in their going

Iland coming.



I Foreign conditions have also fav-

lored the improvement of the mar-

ket here. For instance, in Belgium

and northern France it is estimated

that by reason of the war, fully 400,000

head of dairy cattle have been killed.

This, with other restrictions upon pro-

duction and the handicap imposed up-

on commerce by a conflict of such

large proportions as the war now rag-

ing in Europe, naturally interfere to a

large degree with an industry of this

So instead of these countries

sending their usual surplus to other

lands, they have become importing lo-

calities. Besides this unusual loss in

northern France and Belgium, there

has been a large decrease in the num-

ber of dairy cattle available for the

production of butter and other dairy

products in the countries of Germany

and Austria. ’



Along with this shortage in Europe

comes the very unusual spectacle of

lAmcrica sending butter to Australia,

which is almost akin to carrying coal

ito Newcastle. This is due to the long

'drouih which has prevailed over that

country. The southern island conti-

nent is a liberal exporter ofthis pro—

iduct under normal conditions, and it

'was feared that by this time that the

American butter market would be af-

fected materially .by importations

from the southern hemisphere, since

the tariff wall has been almost en-





NOTWITHSTANDING the fact





 





 





s . tirely_ removed.





In all, the statistical situation of the

butter trade is in a tolerably satisfac-

tory shape; it would even seem that

prices ought to rule higher than they





‘ are at the present time. Dealers have





noted for some time, however, that





 





Elli]ill”llllIIlllHlHIHIlIlHllllHlIllllIllIlllllilllI[HillHIlilllMillllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllIllllllllilllillllllllIllllIlllIHill||IllllllilllillIIlllH|llIllHlllllllllllHIlllliillIllIIlllllllHllllllliillllilllllllliiiiiHlllle

:3 arm 0 m 1116 I‘CE' g

E , ' E

ElllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIlllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllIHill"lllllllllllllllllllllll|lllllll|lIl|lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHlHllllllllllllllllllllIllIllIHHllIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllHHllllfi





Butter Trade





Some Unusual Influences are Working that Make the Immediate

Future of the Market Uncertain.





the per capita consumption in this

country is less than formerly. Wheth-

er this is due to the present conserva-

tive feeling noticed in most lines of

consumption during the past year or

to the inferior quality of a large por-

tion of the butter coming onto the

market, or both, cannot be said. The

fact remains however, and the condi-

tion keeps values from reaching high-

er levels and overcomes the advan-

tages that would naturally accrue to

those interested in the production and

manufacture of this important dairy

product with the peculiar environment

now surrounding the trade.





 





SAVE MONEY IN SELLING LIVE

STOCK.





 





Live stock shippers’ associations

have been organized in Hillsdale and

Branch counties. These associations

are incorporated under state laws with





of Agriculture, shows just what the

situation is. It has been sammarized

as follows: .' - ,



The weight of the dressed carcass

is only 51 per cent of the live weight

for cattle; 77 per cent for hogs; 47

per cent for sheep. In case of beef,

the packer sells the whole carcass for

less than he paid for the live animal.

For example, in 1913 the average price

of cattle to the packers at St. Paul

was $6.25 per hundred. Thus a 1,000-





pound steer cost the packer $62.50. He "





sold the carcass for $58.65 (average),

and got $15.06 for by-products.





cost $62.50, a. gross margin of $11.21.

Out of this $11.21 the packer had to

pay the expenses of his packing plant,

the freight to local distributing houses

and the operation of these houses.

The retailer paid $58.65 for the car-

cass, and sold the whole for $84.20 to

consumers, at prices ranging from 12

or 14 cents to 30 cents a pound, an

average of about 16 cents a pound for

the whole carcass. The gross margin

for the retailer was $25.55, or 30.3 per

cent of selling price. Since it costs





retailers from 20 to 25 per cent of

sales to do business, it is. apparent

that the retail butchers are not mak-

ing inordinately large profits, but that

the costs of doing business are very

high.



.The farmer gets for





his animal





 





 





 





Quincy Live Stock Association Started Business with Inexpensive Equipment.





a hundred shares each at a par value

of ten dollars per share. Half of this

share value is paid in, which repre-

sents the financial outlay necessary to

become a member of the association.

The business of the association is

handled by a manager, secretary-treas-

urer, and a board of eight directors.

The manager and secretary are paid

four cents per hundred pounds on all

stock marketed through the associa-

tion, for their services. The farmers

net for their stock what it brings in

Buffalo minus the necessary expense

in putting them on that market, viz.,

manager’s and secretary’s commis-

sion, freight, yardage, and seller’s

commission. One cent per hundred is

reserved by the association as an in-

surance fund to pay for animals killed

or injured in transit.



Out in Minnesota where similar as-

sociations are common the stateau-

thorities have made a survey of_dif—

ferent methods of selling and they

have learned that it cos'ts fromy,50

cents to $1.00 'per hundred to market

live stock from the farm to packers at

South St. Paul when sales are made

through a local buyer; while git'costs

n-o'in 30 to 40 cents through a. ship-

ping association. _



This economy, the uniform supply

of live stock for sale, the ease of ef-

fecting an organization and the small

amount of equipment needed all prom-

ise a more general establishment of

these associations.





MEAT PRICE “SPREAD” is'Ac-

' COUNTED VFOR.’





 





The facts astojwho gets the differ-

ence between the retail prices. of

meats on the onephand. an‘d'th‘e'prices

paid the farmer for live animals on

the. other are being sifted. Kenneth

F. Warner, of the Minnesota College





about 57 or 58 per cent of the price

finally paid for the by—products and

the meat together.



IIIIIllllllllIIIllllllllIllIIlllllIlIIlllllllllllII:lllllIlll!llIlll!|IIlllllIIllllllllIllllllllll|llllllllllllllllllllllllllIllll





Crop and Market N otcs.





Michigan.



Monroe 60., June 22.—The condition

of wheat and rye is first-class and a

full crop of each is expected. Oats

growmg fast and promises a good

yield. Timothy short and light.

Large acreage of corn planted, some

fields replanted due to weather condi-

tions and poor seed. No beans raised

here. Average acreage of potatoes.

But very little spraying done. Pros-

pects for fruit are poor, no pears, a

few cherries and peaches and a few

apples on the trees. There are but

fewf sthgggmléere. t‘KiOOI §g@300; but-

er-a c; oaoes .400;e s

17@18c. p @ gg



Cheboygan 00., ,June 21.—-The dry

weather in early spring cut the hay

crop to about half the usual amount.

Pastures are coming on fine since re-

cent rains. Wheat, rye and oats look

fine. New seeding starting in good

shape. Corn is very small, on account

of cool weather. A frost May 27 kill-

ed a considerable amohnt of fruit ex-

cept Cherries, which may make half’a

crop. Quite a lot of oats, corn and

beans put in, but not so many pota-

toes planted as usual. Butter-fat 27@

29c; butter 25c; eggs 180. Not much

grain for sale. -



Emmet 00., June 22.—-‘—The hay crop

will be short on account of dry weath-

er earlier in the season. Corn is mak-

ing a slow growth, but potatoes, oats

and peas are making good. A large

acreage of potatoes and beans was

put in. Wheat and rye also promis-

ing. The cherry crop was injured by

a frost in May, but not much damage

seems to have been done other tree

fruits. There will be a fair yield of

strawberries, which are just beginning

to ripen. Butter 22@28c; eggs 180;

poultry, live 14c; beef, dressed 9@11c.



Gratiot 00., June 23.—At this date

wheat promises to be a big crop. Cats

are also 90 to 100 per cent good; hay

has made a good growth the past

month but at best cannot cut more

than 50 to 75 per cent of a fair yield.

About the usual acreage of corn was

planted, and cultivating is in progress.





Thus ,

he received $73.71 for the animal that
JULY ‘3, 1915. I





More beans than usual are being

planted in this section. Some fields

are already large enough to cultivate.

Little or no spraying has been done





since blossoming, and apples make no '





promises. Few strawberries, and

sgme cherries. Eggs 160; butter-fat-

2 c.





Pennsylvania.



Crawford CO., June 21.—Wheat and

oats are looking well. Wheat will be

ready to cut in about three weeks.

The usual amount of corn and pota-

toes have been planted. Corn is now

growing test, but is small for the time

of year. Fruit will not be very abun-

dant on account of late frost. Pros-

pects are for plenty of raspberries

and blackberries. Wool is bringing

27c per pound. Milk $1.30 per cwt;

butter 25c; eggsoligc.





Io.



Hardin CO.,, June 21.—Weather wet

and corn planting delayed. Haying is

also late, but will make a fair crop.

Corn fields are very weedy. Oats,

wheat and rye are excellent. There

are still some late potatoes to be

planted and the old crop was Well

picked up. Not so much late spray-





ing was done as earlier for the scale. _

Wool mostly disposed of at 28c per .





pound. Cream and butter-fat 251,50;

eggs 160.



Brown CO., June 21.—Meadows and

pastures look well. Prospects for oats

are the best in years. Wheat will not

make an average crop on account of

damage by the chinch bug. Early po-

tatoes are good, and there will be a

large amount of late potatoes planted.

Corn is looking well considering the

unfavorable season. Corn 75@800 per

bushel; rye $1.10; butter 200; eggs

16c: hogs, mixed packers $767.25;



Warren 00., June 22..—Corn plowing

is in full swing; the past month has

been very rainy; many cornfields very

grassy; no doubt it will damage the

crop in many places. Meadows are

very good. Clover harvest is begin-

ning; very little of the first cutting of

alfalfa was taken up without rain. The

early potatoes are better than aver-

age: no beans raised to speak of.

Friut prospects are extra good. More

spraying done than usual and is pay-

ing well.

ed at $2.50 per bushel. The wool clip

was good and wool sold for 28@30c

a pound, the highest price for years.

Corn 75c per bushel: wheat $1.10; po-





tatoes, new $1 per bushel; milk 16c a .





gallon; cream 250 per pound; eggs

150. Wheat harvest will begin in a

few days and prospects for a very

good crop.





Iowa.

Osceola CO., June 21.-—Small grains

have improved wonderfully since the





many rains of the past few weeks. -





Early oats and barley are just begin-

ning to head. Meadows and pastures

are fair. The stand of corn is good

but backward ,and needs good warm

weather. The acreage of corn is some-

what larger than last year. Apple

prospects are good; other fruits not

very good. No spraying done to

speak of.

Missouri.



Nodaway 00., June 21.—-We are hav

mo much rain which is causing wheat

to rust. Rye is almost ready to cut.





Oats, hay and pastures are fine; cat- '





tle are in good shape. There is some

sickness among hogs.

and very weedy, farmers being un-

able to get on the fields owing to the

wet weather. There are no peaches,

but other fruit will hi: a fair crop, and

there was more spraying done than

usual. Prospects are for a good pota-

to crop.

Kansas.



Trego CO., June 21.—~Weather is cool

and wet. The corn acreage is smaller

than usual and it is not doing well.

Early wheat is good and promises a

big yield, but late wheat is poor and

woody. Harvest will begin about July

5. Hail destroyed the wheat over a

large area in this county within the

last two weeks. Oats and barley prom-

ise a heaVy crop. Potatoes the best

in several years. Wheat $1; corn 600;

butter-fat 220; eggs 13c.



Nebraska.



Otoe 00., June 14.—Plenty of rain

and very cool, making corn very back-

ward, and many farmers had to re-

plant their crop. Wheat lo'oks extra

good and almost ready for harvest.

Oats are beginning to head and look

good. The first crop of alfalfa is car-

ed for and the second crop coming on

nicely“ Potatoes and all garden crops

are domg fine. Apple trees are load-

e_d, but not much spraying done. Very

little grain being marketed. Corn 710

at elevators, alfalfa hay from field $5

per ton.



Scott: pluff, June ills—Weather is

mostly ramy and cloudy. Small grains

and potatoes growing nicely; alfalfa

and corn kward. Pastures of na-

tive grass slow. Acreage of corn in‘

creased over last year. and mostly a

good stand. The usual amount of po4





tatoes. Fruit badly damaged by late

frost. Farmer-8' unions are making





preparations to handle the farm busi-

ness in the near_future. Corn $1.40

per cwt., shipped 1n; cream 20c; eggs

110 per dozen.





Cherries are being market— >





Corn is small '[





 





THE "MICHIGAN FA





RMER





 





 





SOME PASS BY





f/ ..,./l

\ ’1‘ / [”7

Ill/17' 124/

[pt/I;





«It





 





4.1:” ~

',v -\\ >\\ _ WW





Mr

A ““





 





 





This is an actual gift, as these facts show:



Nobody asked for better tires than Goodyear

built last year. Nobody thought them possible.

They were so extra-good that for years they've

outsold any other tire.



And this year—on February lst—we gave

you another big price reduction. It will save

Goodyear users about $5,000,000 this year.

It was our third reduction in two years. totaling

45 per cent.





This Year’s Extras





Yet, despite this reduction, we have added

new improvements which will cost us $500.-

000 this year. P art are in extra rubber—all

in extra wear.



We have added these extras to the best

tires built. To tires that dominate because





V WA $500,000 Gift

To Users of Fortified Tires





year, judged by





elude five features which no other maker

It includes other uncommon features.





USCS.





We could omit all these, yet build a tire

which looks about like Goodyears.





serve as well as

could add to this





Tires Not Alike





it's a vast mistake to think that tires are

pretty near alike. Five of the greatest features

known are found in Fortified Tires alone. And

many a tire lacks all the extras that we cite.





These extras

loose treads.





skidding. They mean a secure tire.

mean more rubber, more fabric than some.





They combat punctures and





current output. These in-





It would

many rival tires. Thus we





year's profits $1,635,000.





combat rim-cutting, blowouts,

They





They mean more mileage,





 





of super-service. And

we've done it at a time

when price reductions haye

led to con siderable skimping.





Total, $1,635,000





All the extras we give

you in Goodyear tires will





 





Rim-Cuts——by

Iowoutc— by





Against





 





4





con





   





 

 





4

\





YEAR





AKR ON. omo





     





Fortified Tires





our No-Rim-Cut feature.

our “On-Air" cure.





. B

Forllfied Loose Trends—by many rubber rivets.

Insecurity—by 126 braided piano wires.

m: and Skidding—by our do ublch

thick All~Weather tread.





less trouble. less expense.





We pay the price to

give you these extras, and

save it by mammoth out-

put. You should insist on

them. Any dealer, if you

ask him, will supply you





 





 





cost us $1,635,000 this





 





 





THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO., AKRON, OHIO





Makers of Goodyear “Tire Saver” Accessories; also Goodyear “Wing" Carriage Tires and other Types





Goodyear tires.





 





 





 





i (2424)





 





 





Keepacan of Zenoleum always handy—it's_the best live

stock Profit—Insurance on earth. Its use as a. dismfectant and





germicide insures the destruction of all germs and insectsthat

prey on cattle,hogs and sheep. This powerful sofa germicxde ‘ -’

kills lice. mites, sheep



ticks: cures mange.



scab, skin troubles,





sores. wounds and

revents abortion

tie





Used and Endorsed by 50 Agricultural College.





No other live stock remedy is so highly regarded by b eeders and live shockauflior-





r

itiea. For twenty years it has stood ev mt. Chen than





8T!

absolutely reliable. Sends dollar bill for a can of .enoleum postpaid. sufiicnentbo

M“ -‘l°‘i:°§*’°‘“i“xi’" sari“... .. b. .. ”remain";

. l lino n on n I 0m: 9. our money c :

my Mavens/assassins.





m

amass omm COMPANY. 200 Lafayette AqueboitJAich.





alto





 





money Write for lENNEB’B YE





'4'.

' Mum. DIP.

K «2.1 A





 





ade mixturg and





 





 





 





 





 

 

 

 





 





 





 

 

 





   





   

 





 





 





 

 





In

It ble. investigate our

hem Sun. and Stancfions





" : was. so: on- im. Illustrated catalog.

everything, contains many valuable hints.

Please ask tor it on a post card Ind-y.





WWW.





 





 

 





.- mg; .





 

 





 





 

 





- IV: v01) :1 "’mM" F:

’ """i‘ “Hindi-jinn“: 5 H A R R l s We...

I I T pml‘w. “23$ Barn Equrpment \{Mi‘ I,

'i" J": g C: ‘ !' m‘hfibarn workmler. Our . “I“ ,

“\T‘, .r





 

 

 

 

 

 





i -‘I ‘9 Food and Utter Carriers oosllydow‘w ‘ '7 ‘5",

' .'= ”the most thorough work in the shortest "4/ ‘ T H

. - - mo. Ifwntmprideinncknn. elderly "a l

. X);





It tnll describes

ed





 





 





 

   





   

 

   





aimixllllfiililij' I

/





 





 

   





   

 





 





 

 

 





and [13%]. Pre all! on the new

1915 “fig ER ' 06(ng Write at once





m\ It» our lug rrlmlm) and spam. l «1170' \

Marvelous Improve-Ionic. More

1 nrdluary values In our [915 prlce uflur You can

7.. My wltlwul gelllng our (may prov»

‘ ‘ mun: WRITE TODAY



1 . . 1‘ Boys, he a “Rider en!"'and m‘m

. ‘ . _. h I" big money taking orders lor uryrles end sunning-



ll 4 I . bet our hhern/ [mm on I sump-c- to Introduce the



. new “RANGER." (

, TIRES equipment sundries and everything

; u: m bicycle hue usual prim. Factory prices

. on Motorcycle and Automobile Supplies





' Mood Cycle cam". R-Tlchicogo





 





 





. of Trustees. Write for Free Catalog.





The Grand Rapids





VETERINARY comer





Offers a three years Course in Veterinary Science.





Complying with all the requirements of the U. 8.

Bureau of Animal Industry. Established 3891.

Incorporated under State law. Governed by Board





152 Louis St.. Grand Rapids. Michigan.





 





 





 





 





“Worm Destruction”





tells how to destroy worms in

Ho _, Shoe and Horses

an Is sent ree on request.

WI. manna-news

“““ 165 ‘. Huron M Chic-go. Ills.





 

 

 





 





lawman: Fertilizer unallocatwlh





Wilson's Phosphate Mills





homltolo E. P. senator-condone.

“1.30“ BROS. Sole In. Elston. Pt





 





M1!“ to nmtion theMichi





gen Farmer when you





0 are writing to advertisers.
' 18—18





 





\





 





THE MICHIGAN FARMER





JULY 3, 1915.





 





Make , _

Your Fortune





—Grow Wheat-





 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 





Now is the time for you to come to Canada

where thousands of American farmers are

making fortunesgrowing wheat. The Can-

adian Government now offers you your

choice of 125.000 recently surveyed





Free, fertile far-Ins





~splendidly adapted for growing wheat

and mixed farming. Act quick—get your

Dick of the best farms.



Low rates and special stopover privileges

for settlers every Tuesday. Come now.

Write today for our Free Books,‘ ‘Home-

seekers' Guide," ‘ Bread-basket of the

World, ” "Peace River Country"—and

any information you wish about this

wonderful country.





64.R P. BELL. GemAgent. '

4W.Adnlnsst. Chic-gmlii.





CANADIAN

NORTHERN RY





POULTRY.





Rosa coMB BROWN LEGHORN EGGS from

100. M 111:1; gq. :igiigors. $1.00tpielfg. setting



00 e In 0 s per

:5 per CLAUDIA eerlrs. Hillsdale. Michigan.





 

 





 

 

 





W116

0’ I1





(111111.

I





 

   





 





 





 





 





 





hite P. Rocks. Pekin and white runner ducks,

White uineas. eggs and day old ducks and chicks.

H. V. IIOST TETLER. St. Johns. Michigan.





 





iLVER Laced Golden and White Wyandottle Eggs for hatch-

ing. Tenvrvents each or 30 for $2. 50 s parcel post





 





charges. C BROWNING, PortionI ichig nan.

ARRED ROCKS. Parks ZOO-Egg strain. A strain

B with Egg records to 271 eggs a year. 8 per 15.





Delivered by Parcel Post. Fred Astling, Constantinehich.





B I! R k 3 out of 4 firsts Chicago. 1914 Eggs 1131.0!

u 0c S9 season 81. 50-15: 86-100. S.(C. Buff Leg-

horn eggs 31-15; 55 100. Pen of 12 Buff Leghorn: 810. 20 But!





Rock Hens. 75 cents to $2. 50 including Chicago and Minne-

apolis first prize winners. Bird Lawn Farm. Lawrence Mich.





ch' k We shiptbousands different Varieties prices

In S. rilght. order now for spring delivery. free





booklet. reeport Hatchery. Box 12, Freeport. Mich.





BARRED PLY. ROCKS





First prize winners at Chicano. Cincinnati,

lndian spoils. etc.

s1Egg s from fine Utility Matings that are bred to lay.

5Uper 15. $4 per 50, $7 per 100. F rom best exhibition

ens $10 per 15 5'1.) or 50. Prompt delivery and good

hatch guaranteed. (1). Earl Hoover. R. 7. Matthewand.





While Loghorns Day-Old- -ilhicks. W;‘.§8.‘.‘Z.’n€é2°.“§&§:

faction our customers MAPLE CITY

POULTRY PLANT. Box C. Charlotte. Mlchiflan,





' Farm raised. heavy laying

8- 0- Whlie lt§horns. strain. Order June chicks

now. 88 per hun red Also white Pekin ducks. eggs and

ducklings. Sunnybrook Poultry Farm iiiilsdale Mich.





Hens 81. 50 each 0 gs with the kick in

8".er Bock them 15 for: 25001m:6. baby chicks 100

515. W. O. 0015‘ FMAN..1No 6 Benton Harbor.Mich.





 





—8tart right with your Barred's

Barred Rock £383 with eggs from a pen direct from

Bradley Bros. Yards. A. A. Pattullo. Deckerville. Mich





While Wyandoiie Eg





30. DAVID HAY.





Half Price from Now On





Eggs from some of the best Barred and White Rocks

in MIchigan. 81.50 per 15. Heavy laying strains.

Riverview Poultry Farm. Box 798. Union. City





WHITE WlAllBOIIE E668 HALF PRIGE HOW





HOWARD GRANT. Marshall. Michigan.





8—500 for 15. $4. 00 for 100. My two

8best pens $2 00 for 15. £3.75 for

2 Forest Av..e Ypsilanti. Mich.





 





INGLET BARRED ROCKS— the winning and

layingM strain. Eggs $1.50 per 15. from mated

pens zMIlso B. ’lurkey eggs from choice birds, 8'2 50

[10 Charges Dre aKid by Afierce] post

PLrAlNVIEW STO M Romeo, Michigan





 





HODE lSLAND REDS and PLYMOU TH ROCKS.

Males 5 to 12 lbs. according to age $" to ;.P R hens

weight" ) to 956“»). eggs 15 for $1. R. eggs $5 per 100.

Mammoth Bronze Tom '1‘ urkeys 8 to 38 lbs according

to age 38 to $25 10 eggs S3. A. E.Cra1np ton, Vassar. Mich





 





BAhRRED Rock egss from Barred Rocks that are



nrred to the skin. also eggs from 8.8 8Hamburgs

R. C. White Inghorns, White Runner Ducks. White Holland

Turkeys. Circular free. Riverview Farm, R. 8. Vassar. Mich.





 





ATS SEASON PRICES on R. (1 and S. 0. Rhode Island Red

emu from line stock. $1 per 15. delivered at your door by

insured parcel post. JENNIE BURLL, Ann Arbor. Michigan.





 





' ' ' —-b r .in st k—

m: OrclehIio Orpmgions..;.§;..°p.136.h.%‘imh

June. Belgian hares and Collie uppies. R8.

WILLIS ROUGH. Pine Crest Farm. oyal Oak. Mich.





 





HITTAKER' 8 Red Chicks both combs $10 and

$12 per 100. Hen $12 per doz The most popular

Beds in Michigan. lntcrlakes Far111.Box 30. Lawrence. Mich.





 





BABY OHIX—White Leghorns, Ii. I. Beds 89 per

Barred Rocks. Bufl Orpingtons $10 per 1.00

RIVER BASIN POULTRY FARM Dundee. Mich.





ADE IN AMERICA" 8. C. W. Leghorns only—

large. great layers pure white. Strong day old

chicks now $8 pre r100 Guaranteed delivery. Hatch

every week. Everfresh Eflt FIl'm. Box 1“. Ionia. Mich.





 





 





HITE Orpington Cockerels. S. C. Kellerstrass 8-wk. 4 or

more 750 each. single 8], 8-wks. pens cheep. Yearling

hens and ckls. Eggs 1/6 price. M. E. Thompson. Redford, Mich.





White African Guinea Eggs





Special prices. CHAS. METZ. Evert. Michigan.





 





 





 





DOGS.





 





Irainndllunning Fox Hounds—313.3? $1193“ “6233

st amp. W.E ECKY. Hoimesviiie.‘ Ohio





FOX, COON AND RABBIT HOUNDS





Broke, .to n and field. Prices ri ht. F d

Coon houndnlbups 85 each. stamp for-are ply or an

LYTLE. Frederieksburg. Ohio.





When writing advertisers please





mention The Michigan Farmer.





Yarding vs. F rce





OME people maintain that the

only true mode of keeping fowls

is to confine them in yards, while



others affirm that it entails less labor

to allow them the run of the farm,

while the expense is also reduced.

Free range birds are often able to

pick up a large portion of their feed

from the fields and thus save some-

thing in the cost of feeding by utiliz-

ing what would otherwise be a waste.

Where time is at a premium, as it us-

ually is on the, farm, it must be admit-

ted that one can save considerable

time by letting the chickens run about

and pick up most of their living.



While utilizing waste food, however,

fowls do more or less damage to gar-

den and field crops. Many farmers

are compelled to keep their hens con-

fined in order to prevent depredations

in the garden. Many farmers, after

turning their hens out to forage, give

them no attention whatever. Natural-

ly such a system is unprofitable, as

some of the eggs are lost, and also a

large .number of the chicks. It is

sometimes maintained that if hens are

on a range they will instinctively care

for themselves, and in so doing save

their owner many annoyances. But

this is not always the case, by any

means. Another argument in favor of

free range is that the fowls get much

needed exercise. So they do, but the

advocate of confining the birds con-

tends that just as much exercise can

be given them, with little extra. work,

by providing scratching sheds and

throwing the grain among litter so

that the fowls must work for it.





The Advantages of Keeping Fowls

Yarded.



When fowls are yarded one knows

where they are. He knows that they

are not over in some neighbor’s yard,

grain field or garden, and they are not

scratching around his own door all the

time waiting for a meal. Another sat-





 





 





 





 





isfaction in having fowls yarded is

that there are no hidden nests out in

the weeds or in the grain fields out

back of the barn which you do not

find. When yarded the fowls must

lay where you can find the eggs And

then another point in favor of yard-

ing them is that one can quickly de-

tect any signs of disease among the

birds, while if going everywhere one

bird may be sick and not be found un-

til the disease has become well devel-

oped or even not found at all until

the other fowls may have had a chance

to contract the same disease.



It may truly be maintained that the

best method of keeping fowls depends

upon circumstances incident to each

farm or location. One must look to

his surroundings, his location, and to

the number of fowls to be kept. If

one has a large number of birds. for

instance say a thousand, he cannot

allow them freedom unless he has a

large place and divides them up into

several flocks and has the coops wide-

ly separated so they will not mix up.

If one lives in town and has only a

small town lot and keeps fowls he will

find it almost impossible to allow

them freedom and no doubt he would

not want to even if his neighbors did

not object. They would be too likely

to get away and never come back.

Some years ago the colony plan for

laying fowls on the farm was strongly

advocated but it never became popu-

lar with the owner of one or two hun-

dred birds, principally on account of

the amount of labor necessary to go

about a farm and attend to the indi-

vidual flocks. This was especially dis-

tasteful during bad weather.





Runs Should be Large.



When reference is made to yarding

it should be understood that generous-

sized runs are meant, and not the

small enclosures such as found on city

lots. Then yarded poultry must be

well taken care of. The fowls must





be regularly fed, must be made to ex-8

ercise, the houses must be kept clean





Range for Fowls,





and everything possible done for their

comfort. -Many poultry yards are

mere enclosures in which the fowls

are kept prisoners, with nothing to do

but stand around and learn vices, such

as egg-eating and feather-pulling. The

ideal poultry yard is the yard that is

large enough and well supplied with

growing things in spring, summer and

fall so that the fowls can find some-

thing to do. The something to do in

a hen’s life is to hunt for food, in some

manner. If the poultry yard can be

large enough to be a grazing ground,

such a pasturage will prove as profit-

able as the pasturage for the larger

stock. All of our common fowls are

great consumers of grass and other

Vegetables, which they manufacture

Into a high-priced product. It is there-

fore evident that the poultry yard that

is.large enough to be a poultry pas-

ture will be profitable. The yard must,

however, not be so filled with fowls as

to permit them to eat the grass down

to the Soil, as this is the surest way of

killing out the grass. Overstocking

any kind of pasture kills it, and this

result is more quickly reached with

poultry than any other stock, for the

reason that the fowls will pull the

stalks of grass out of the ground,

while cattle, horses, sheep and hogs

merely eat the grass down to the

roots.

Keeping the Runs in Grass.



Usually where the fowls are kept

confined closely in a small yard they

will tramp down and spoil every blade

of growing stuff A plan that is often

practiced in order to avoid this con-

dition is to fence off one end of the

yard and keep that in grass or some

growing stuff and then let the fowls

in it every evening for a short time.

Then drive them back in the other

part of the yard as soon as they have

eaten what they want and before they

have had time to tramp it down and

dig it up. Just keep that part of the

yard for supplying green food and not

for running in any longer than a few

minutes each day or evening. In this

way they will have a supply of green

food all the time. Rape is a very good

plant to grow in the poultry yard; but

it must be fenced off from the rest of

the yard to protect the plant until it

has reached the height of a foot. An-

other plan that gives good satisfaction

to many is to have two yards, one of

which is used for the fowls while the

other is producing some green stuff.

In this way the soil in the yard will be

kept fairly sweet and pure.



Indiana. W. F. PURDUE.





 





DUCKLINGS DYING.





 





I am raising ducks and am having

trouble with them with some kind of

a disease. They seem to eat quite

well, but their eyes close and seem to

be blind, and they die in a few hours.

Would like to know what to do for

them. S11 BS( RIBER.





Probably the chief obstacle in the

way of raising ducklings successfully

is that people do not realize that the

duckling is not the same as the chick

and therefore needs different care. A

common mistake is to feed the duck-

lings dry food, such as would be fed

chicks. The duck has no crop in

which to grind its food, but the food

passes directly to the gizzard, there-

fore it is advisable to feed the duck-

lings well moistened meshes. Oatmeal

is probably the best food to make a

mash out for the first feedings, and

after a while corn meal and other

ground grains can be used as mashes.



Ducks are heavy feeders and in has-

tily gulping down the food they might

become choked on it if it'is at all dry.

It is therefore advisable to have a

dish of water convenient so that the

ducklings can drink as often as they

wish while feeding. The water should

be kept clean and in a dish which is

so arranged that they can cleanse

their bills and nostrils when they so





desire. The nostrils often become

clogged and death would result if

they had no opportunity to cleanse

them. ’ -



One should use special care in see-

ing that the ducklings have plenty of

green food and grit. Chopped onion

tops are especially fine as green food,

as they seem to have a healthful ef-

fect. Sand would do very well for

grit.



Dampness is probably the cause

of more deaths among ducklings than

anything else. It is very essential

that they should be kept dry and

warm during the time they are in the

downy stage. It has been the com-

mon experience of duck raisers to

have a large number of ducklings die

after a rainy spell. Very often duck-

lings 'which are apparently lifeless

after becoming damp can be revived

if taken into a warm place and dried

and given special protection from

dampness thereafter.



The duckling is not like the chick

in showing indications of sickness, It

makes no noise nor shows any out-

ward symptoms of being ill, and usu-

ally the first indication of trouble is

sudden death.





 





' ROUP.





 





I am losing my hens most every

day, not any roosters. Will do my

best to describe their case. Some get

awful thin, seem to have a fair appe-

tite until the last, and they droop

around quite a while. Some take sick

suddenly and die the second day and

will be fat, perhaps been laying right

along. Their combs get purple and

bowels are loose, droppings are yel-

lowish and sometimes greenish. Some-

times little bunches come near their

eyes or beak, which contains a hard

yellowish matter. Their crops are

soft. They make a rattling in their

throat and seem to choke when I give

them anything I have saved two or

three by giving them melted lard with

sulphur and red pepper. I have a new

henhouse 14x28. I throw lime upon

the droppings every morning.



Lapeer Co. Mrs. J. B.





The symptoms given undoubtedly

indicate that your chickens are affect-

ed with the roup. The symptoms vary

considerably, some hens apparently

acting dumpish for a long time, while

others will retain their normal appe-

tites and appear healthy until a few

days before death. The condition of

the bowels as described, the darken-

ing of the comb, the droopy condition

of the fowl and the exudations from

the eyes and beak are all indications

of the roup. The rattling in the throat

is caused by the discharge from the

nostrils getting in the air passages

and partly closing them.



This disease is one of the filth dis-

eases and the primary cause is usually

damp and unsanitary surroundings or

contaminated food or water. One of

the chief methods of control is to thor-

oughly clean out the poultry house,

burning all the litter and disinfecting

the houses with a five per cent solu-

tion of carbolic acid. The drinking

water should have a disinfectant in it,

for which purpose potassium perman-

ganate is the best. This is a crystal-

line substance which can be bought

for from 20 to 30 cents per pound at

drug stores. A saturated solution of

this should be made by dissolving all

of it that water will dissolve. A good

way to do this is to use a large-mouth-

ed jar or bottle, putting a liberal

amount of crystals in the bottom and

then filling it with water. This should

be stirred occasionally and if all of

the crystals dissolve more should be

added. Always have in the crock

more crystals than the water will dis-

solve. This is used as a stock solu-

tion, and one to two teaspoonfuls put

into 10 quarts of water is about the

right proportion for poultry use.‘



All dead birds should be burned or

buried deeply. and affected birds

should be isolated at once. It is rare-

ly advisable to endeavor to cure birds

as the results are seldom satisfactory.

The main thing in ridding a flock of

this disease is to have everything

clean, dry and sanitary.





 





 





,





‘
. A...“ ~ -——.~. “k





 





_ Bigelow’s Holstein Farms





JULY 3, 191.5.





THE MICHIGAN FARM ER





 





. saunas? DIRECTORY.

CATTLE. ‘





I Aberdeen-Angus Bulls.





if tin 12 extra good bulls..among them

millage:- atgthe Michigan State Fan-.1914. Some

of them by Mb 3:- rand Champion

Bull of the State 1914. Others by (ii-cans”-

‘ tuners.





. es .

will please you. U. L. Clark.





Huey Smith. M





themmer:

and look ‘ “I.





Hunters Greek. Mich.





ABERDEEN-ANGUS





nglfiblgg'gABgnlgm [I I’Dannly A

OJA —Ei{ an M .

11:91: young bulls and cows for sale. ”new of





 





. k d has Bates.

Pcessem‘iseraesnun, . a... a...



- dai hoods. Th

AVBSHIRES 113;: :gotdlgnfiogfinrlgltk lvacate. vs:





Bred frOm Prize Winning





300 nunoc' JERSEY SPRING PIGS





Stock of Best Blood Lines.





Save Money and Express by Buying 2 to 4





Months Old





Pigs NOW!





SPECIAL PRICES ON PAIRS and TRIOS





This is an opportunity to buy from a. herd where time, money and intelligent effort





has not been spared to make the





Durocs of all ages for sale.





BROOKWATER BRAND OF DUROCS LEAD





Come or write for particulars.





Swine Department .





Breakwater Farm, R. 7, Ann Arbor, Michigan.





 





le. White Leghorn ask ; Daron Jersey

53111:; Michigan School for the Boat. Flinn“. loan.





THE VILLAGE FARM,

Grass Lake, Michigan,

GUERNSEY CATTLE.





MILO D. CAMPBELL CHAS. J. ANGEVINE





‘ BEACH FARM

GUERNSEYS





Combine the blood of the following great producing

sires and dams z—l M A R D lite

Masher Segue - - - . ' . aug rs

Galexy'sBeq-uel - - 37 A. R.

Gienwood Boy of Eaddon 26 A.

May Rose Km - - - 21 A.





Dolly Bloom - - - - -

Imp. Italian Daisy - ‘ - -

Selmaof Pinehurst - - -

Stanford's Princess - - -



Bulls for sale only.





A Dairy Show Every Day.

CAMPBHL 8i. AIIGEVIIIE, Midlaier. Mich.





ursbrsd Guernseys. 2-yenr<old bull from A. R. stock, good

P individual. not registered. 12001be.‘ Beef prIco. Also regis-

lured females and bred heifers. G. A. Wigcnt, \\ ntervheLMu-h.





416 m d GUERNSEY cows.

For SAIC rm «$39 AND BULLS of’cholce

breedinl. E. w. wremm. Lansing. Mich.





u





inn lbs. {at





w!





u u





74

762 .. ..

725





u u





mrsmm GUERNSEY BULL CALVES for sale cheap at

Windsrmero Farm. Watervliot. Mich. May Bambi-ceding.

Address. J. K. BLA'l‘CHFORD. Auditorium Tower, Chicago. Ill.





and BERKSHIRE





For SQIC—aegiguarnsw cum. SWINE either sex. Illd





JOHN EB . R. 10. Holland, Michigan.





GUERNSEYSEIEIEWEB





E‘OI DALE-4 ,

ball 6 months

flaring 'Giothilds Led. MB. whose {our nearest dams' rscords





am ever 82 its. Pine Hill farm. 3. 6. Lakeview. Iiclr





Holstein heifers and one

dioerailimed. Bull sired by





“STERN 110th headed by A1me Dents Butter

Boy. His dam has A.R.0. records as follows: at 2 yrs. milk





0





Guernsey

MPH??? kWh??? n.

3‘“ Gets 5 mo. 1‘ white grandsoncf Friend Hengerveld

7 am. 1232 m. in 1 yr.

Reg- Holstein fihf‘lfi’tfiifi ’5‘:$§"’&.mr

White swine. flay B. Perham.

Fox SALE—REGISTERED HOLBTEIN BULL





has A. R. 0.

CHARLES 1.





REG. HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES





' good A. B. O. breeding. and plenty of ISO-lb. blood in

their pedigrees.





m We: 18.85; 4 yrs. milk 1115.8. butter 27.03; at 6 yrs. milk

fill. butter 28.55 1h. W. B. READ





EB, Howell, Mich.





B SALE—Reg. Bull 6 years old. sure





Yeckse. Fern wood breed-

1. Golvllevil-le, Mich.





De Kol & Maplecrest Pontiac I'lora Baltog. 30 lbs. butter

M. L. McLAULIH. Redford. Mich.



Can

Bronson. Mich.

born Feb. 26. 1915. Mostly white. Dam





record. also Chester White Pigs.

COOK. Box 438. i‘owiervilie. Michigan.





Dewey C. Pierson. Hadley, Mich.





EGISTERED HOLSTEIN BULL. 6months old. 2

nearest dams average 25 lbs. of butter in 7 days. $50





bringshim to you with all papers. Safe arrival guar-

anteed. B





High Class HOLSTEINsrgz.





is headed by Smithdnis Alcartra Pontiac, whose dam

is the famous Alcartra Poiksdot. Have few young bulls

and females for sale at. reasonable prices. .

a. few heifers about 15 months. not bred. Farm 36 mile

from court house. SETH B. BUBER’I‘. Howell. Mich.





M





Bull Calves for sale. or will exchange for registered heifers or

cows. F





OBART W. FAY, Mason. Michigan.





Will buy





APLEOREST De K01 Hengerve‘ld. an own brother





to a World's Champion heads our herd. Choice





HILLCBEST ABM. Kalamazoo. Mich.





FOR SALE Registered Holstein Bulls





ready for service. and bull calves. also females.

FREEMAN J. FISHBEC'K. Howell, Michigan.





uISIEIII sun camrfir'iziiximigsxi33f:





ichigsn. Long Beach Farm, Augusta. Kalamazoo Co..Mich.





best fami-





Holsteih-Friesian Breeder’figf 0, me med

represented.





D. D. AITKEN. Flint. Michigan.





 





Containing blood of world chem ions.

HICKS' GUERNSEY FARM, Saginaw. BV. 8.. Mich.





UERNSEYS~Write for prices and particulars. 2





OLSTEIN CATTLE and Dame Jersey Swine.





reasonable. E. R. CORNELL





Choice pi rs of both sex now ready to sh 'rn. Prices

, Howell, Michigan.





 





b31151 year old. Several bull calves. all from A. B.

cows and cows on test. Geo. N.0rawford. Horton. Mich.





‘1 UERNSEY BULLS FOR"<ALE. ready for service from A. R.

Dauu. “If you want the right kind write for price and

breeding. BYERS & BARNES 81105.. Goldwater. MIcliIgan.





MICHIGAN IIOIE III] IBIIIIIIII 803901





L

Breeder of High Grade Holstein Cattle.

prices upon application.





APEEB. MlCHIGAN

Lists and





 





HEREFORD; ESJ°€.%“'}.::":I..““





ALLEN BROS. Paw Paw, Michigan.-





Do You Want A Bull?





Ready For Service.





rand dau hter of The King of the



From . BSired by agbull that is more than a half



brother tothe Champion Holstein Cow of the



World. and whose dam is a 30 lb. 6% i: fat dau tor



of Pontiac Aggie Korndyke'who has more lb.



daughters than any other livmg bull. If you do

write for pedigree.





EDWIN S. LEWIS, Marshall, Mich.





IIOLS‘I'EIN CATTLE and 0. I. C. SWINE





ELMER E. SMITH. Redford. Michigan.





JERSEYS





FOR SALE





One Bull—Two Cows—One Heifer. All registered.





One cow soon to calf. A bargain

at 8450 for the bunch.





NIXON FARMS, mun, nick





 





ESPANORE FARM,

LANSING, MICHIGAN. '





M





calves and heifer calves from B.

grand dams. and





aple Lane Register of Merit Jersey Herd. Tuber-

’ by 8 G





. . overnment. li‘orsaiebuli

of M. dams and

Hood Farm Sire.



IBVlN FOX. wagon. Michigan.





cuim tested





 





Home of like great Holstein Bull “PLEDGE SPOF-

FORDCIt-LAMITY PAU I." with 33 A. 11.0. daughters.

including a5-year-old with a BS-epound record. Others

from 20 to 32 pounds.





P98 SHE—I Bull Cali rind by ibis Susi Bull.





CHASE s. assess.

ADAM E. FERGUSON, i owners'





R94





I





 





THE WILDWOOD JERSEY HERD





zistered Jersey Cattle of Quality.

tested. Majesty's Wonder No. 9U717 heads the herd.





Tubercul i n





calves forsale. also a two-year-oid bull that is





Bu

ri ht. Por rises and description write or come.

Afivm BALB





EN. Capac. St. Clair 00., Michigan.





 





Lillie Farmstead Jersey Cattle.

of M





Bull calves from R.

. Cows. also heifer calves and several bred





heifems tor sale. Colon C. Lillie. Coopersvilie. Mich.





 





IIIILSTEINS FOR SALE





5 Good Bulls, ready for service.

10 Very Choice Bull Calves.

2 Two-year~old Heifers, bred.

1 Six-year-old grand-daughter of King

Segis, due in December.





L. E. CONNELL. Fayette, Ohio.





 





J





man.

by J aooba's Fairy Emanon. .

producing dams. SMITH dz PARKER. Howell.Mich.





IIISHS—JIIE IIEfiISTEII 0F Milli XIII).





RBOOKWATEB FARM. R. No. 7. Ann Arbor. Mich.



- from high-producing dams.with

JIM] 'IIIISI'I 8* testing Assn. records. also on

semi-odicial best.

I.





HATCH HERD,





Bulls ready lfor service. extrfluaiity sired





No 107 from high





0. B. Wehnor. R. 6. Allegan. Mich

J.





1h bray Gas is Queen oi the Hairy.





C.





 





YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN





istered Holstein-Friesan sires. grandson's of

World's mtest dairy sire. out of choice A. R. O.

dams an Kin Pontiac Jewel Korndyke; Brother of

K. P. Pontiac . ass 44.15; average record of 50 drums in ,

his pedigree 31.25 in 7 da s; average per cent of fat —

three nearest dams 4.37; of is own dam 4.93. 1:00 in .

first three generations already have over 600 A. R: 0.

daughters. A few females bred to "King". Prices

reasonable.





F011 SALE, A. R.0. MISTEIN (3011’

AND TWO CALVES



5~year-old now. 16.24 as a junior 4 years old. Tested



last June. Her heifer rail 2 mo. did about 535 white.





also bail cal! % white. KufilSegis breeding on both

strides—nosed large straight low. not akin to above

emaies.





 





Albion Stamp 352670





BIDWELL SHORTHORNS





FISHERTON FARM JERSEYS‘S°” “n“





andsons of





r

Hoodrh‘nrm Pogis‘ 9th.. from Register of ilerit dams.





15118.1(le FARM. Pontiac. Michigan.





For "Beef and Milk"





Registered Bulls. Cows

and heifers Scotch-ton-

ped roans. reds and

white for sole. Farm

at L. 8. dz M. S. Depot.

also D. T. & I. R'y.





BIDWEILSI‘CIFRI

Box B. Tecumseh, Mich,





 





 





 





h calves sucking above cow and are to

notches. Wish to sell all together. ice $350 11

all owners. I broke my arm and can“ mm.

LEWIS 1. BEN VAMIN. R. No. l. Clio. Michigan.





 





farm 5:? mile east of Drugs





Simihorns Fur Sale, 6......“ on A. A. n. .

W. I. McQUKLAN. Chilson. Liv. Co., Mlchifian.





 





Breedsvillé, Michigan.





Highest Class Registered Stock For Sale. I





 





mums snonnwnus-azzxsii’zy“;535mm:





sale.





Shorthorn Cattle 01 both Sex ior Sale





DAVIDSON a HALL. Tecumseh. Michigan.





W. W. KNAPP. Howell. Michigan.





—-—Dairy or beef bred. Breeding stock all

' nose for saIe at farmers prices. C. W. Crum.

Secy. Cent. lich. Shorthorn Breeders' Alan. chride. Mich.





am 3'“ SW“; of best Bates btrains. Young

. _ , bulls '7 months old for sale.

Price $100 each. J. B. HUMMEL, Mason, Mich





 





Bulls. from seven months to one year old. for





sale. CLYDE F. BULLARI). St. Johns. Michigan.





 





 





H008.

:ilIIIocs 8i. VictoriaS‘Eu'f’fi’ai’figfi’difi‘?

8





Com ris e bio d

of Buperba. Defender. Much 001.. rions and other:

Atew young boars. M. T. STORY. Lowell. Mich.





REGISTERED BERKSHIRE 50W





520 each. B. B. REAVEY,





 





tofarrow

soon at

Akron. Michigan.





011 SALEfiBerkshire hogs, both sexes and difi‘oreut ages.

‘ Brod gilts for fall ian'owIng. Pull Angus Bull Unit. not rcg-

istered. Price right. Chase‘s Stock Farm. R. l. Mariette. Mich.





Bnyaiion Brad Berkshirujfi°g,"§gl§°3dy ‘0 “hip





weeks ageuith regi t W 't i a312 weeks

_ ' s ry a ers. r1 -e 'or pe igree and

prices. 1). F. VALEN'] [BEE Supt... Temperance. Mich.





HAMPSHIRE Swine—Breeding“ stock of all ages

from mostpopular strains. ’rite for breeding.

Inspection Invited. Floyd Myers. R. 9. Decatur. Ind.





Hempghirsfiwine. the kind that wears the bolt,

Spring pigs and two serviceable boars. Prices

8. O. MOBT. Elsie. Mich.





right. Papers furnished.





WEST WINDS HAMPSHIRE SWINE. Booking orders





[or sow pigs immediate shipment. No mules to offer

E. P. Hammond. owner. N. A. Wiser. manager. Pontiac. Mich





' —Gilts bred f r A . S

Cherta Whites furrow. Merrill pi large/£231. 5:2?





ALEXANDER. Vassar. ichignn.





Big Type, 0.].0’3 and chaste: White Swine.





400 fall pigs either sex. pecial prices for the t

30 days. also bred giltsiand service males and wens;

booking orders for spring pig . all our stock is good

enough that 1 Will ship ,. U l). and reg. free in the

9h 1. Ohor t‘(ihestgr Wdléite Asso. We won, more prizes



aha o 16_X‘ roe rs ut t eth . t 1L.

WIs. State Fairs. Write flit Sh‘hfiv regard. I and





ROLLING VIEW STOCK FARM

Cass City, - Michigan.





0. I. C. PIGS xiraahpznfirssiifasa‘;





 





 





 





JOHN BERNER dz SON. 8.4. Grand Ledge. Mich.

0.1. (3- Registered Pigs $23335





prices. J. CARL JEWETT. Mason, Michigan.





9 —-Sows bred to furrow lust of J

0. Is C S and July. rim-s rcasnualil-g.)

G. P. ANDREWS. Dansvlile. Michigan.





—Gilts bred for Aug. and Se t. f .

0. 's C- Wiii take orders for Mnrchpnndazrgiiil

pigs. H. W. MANN. ville. Michig-





 





an.



9 —Spring igs. pairs on! trir , t

0- I. C s akin. Prom state fair wiring;

AVONDALE STOCK FARM. Wayne. Mich.

o I C —25 sows bred for Spring furrow. 75 Full





pigs. large and growth y, Write your wants.

GLENWOOD STOCK FARM, Zoeland. Michigan.





 





 





UAL Purpose Sliorthorne. Three extragood young.





 





 





 





0. I. 0.’s—8THIGTI.Y BIG TYPE





Gilts bred for Sept. farrow and March pigs now ready

to ship. Extra good ones at prices that will move

them. Pairs not akin. I will be pleased to ship them

0. O. D. and record them free in purchaser's name.





NEWMAN'S STOCK FARM R. No. l, Mariette. Mich.





—Are on o

O. I. C. SWINE my... {331:

choice bred sow to [arrow the last of Aug. or fore

part of Sent ‘f If you are. write me. I have them.

A. J. GORDhN. R No. 2 Don. Michigan.





 





I —-Two good hours 12 months old. good

0- In C 5 last fall pigs, either sex. and this

spring boars. 56 mile west of depot.

TTO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Michigan.





0 l c! —Service boars. gilts, sows, spring

I I s pigs—none better. Satisfaction

guaranteed. A. R. GRAHAM. Flint. Michigan.



Pairs not





0. I. C. Pigs, 8 I0 III Weeks Old 810. ”k... m

RegistereJ free. C. J. Thompson. Rocktord. Mich.

Choice Sept. pigs. either sex. Will





a. 'o 00 take orders for March. A rii and May

pigs. not skin. ALVIN V. HA", Grass 6. Mich.

The home of the big





Ilay Indium 3100* Farm. boneO.I.C. Hogs. monk





for sale. Registered free. J. R. Way. Pompeii, Mich.





DUROC JERSEYS_ iirefrfa ng iii." “boars! eénd 12





r a

CAREY U. EDMONDS. Hastings. Malchlg‘an.





Fon SALE“F5DCY bred gilts, fall males. spring pig-I,

- of the large. smooth kind. Prim to soil.

JOHN McNICOLL, Station A, R 4, Bay City, Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





a itol Herd Duroo Jersey Swine. Established 1898.

C 19mins boars and bred sows for sale. I my the

express. 1- H. BANGHART. Lansing, Michigan.





EAVY BONED DUROC JERSEYS FOR SALE.

Some extra nice spring pigs ready to shin.

M. A. BRAY. Ute-0s. Ingham Co., Michigan-





; DUROC JERSEYS—Spring piss either sex. Gilts bred for

Sept. furrow to a son of Volunteer Grand (‘hampion nt

Interns'l Stock Show Chicago. F. .1. Drodt, R. 1. Monroe. Mich.





 





DUROO Jersey bred gilts. bred for Aug. and Sept.

fan-ow from leading blood lines: also a few good

’ boars. Write for circular and prices. W.C.Tnylor. Milan, Mich,





—M .h i s either sex. sired by a son

J Burns 1"“, of Vaglimgogr Champion of 3 State Fairs

and Chicago Show in 1912. E. H. Morris. Monroe. Mich.





 





 





’ 0.1.8."





30W “SIGNED 932 B3.

A 23 MONTHS OLD





‘ iONIA .GiRi.





I huestsrted more breeders on the road to sue-

cs-thanany man living. I have thelargest and flu-

est hard in the U. 8. Every one an early developer.

ready forthemarket at six months old. I want to

m one hog in each community to advertise my



.Writetormypian,“flowto Make Money from

Hogs."0. 8. sues-m





 





:I.Is.lo Portland. Mlsb. ’

I





MY OH MY!

What an Opportunity.





Starting May lot. we are going to give to the farm-

ers and to an opportunity to get started right

in the breeding industry. We are going to ive you

achancetoget hold of foundation stock t at will

give you a nucleus for one of the finest and best

herds in your community. We are going to show you

as we have others. that you have greater

success with our big type





POLAND CHINAS





than with any other breed. We want to placeiat

least one p' . or apnir in every community, to adver-

tise our her . If ’ terested. write for our plan and

prices. HILLCR ST FARM. Kalamazoo. Mich.





DUROC JERSEYS—afriiigiiii

either sex. from choice strains. 8. C. STAHLMAN.

CHERRY LAWN FARM. Shepherd. Michigan.





 





 





will





 





OLD POLANDS as far south as Miss, north and

L- west as far as Washington. Every customer satis-

f‘Ied. I can satisfy you. Breeding stock for. sale at

all times. FRANK KBUGER, Bavanna. Michigan.





 





GLAND CHINA Spring Pigs from heavy boned

prolific stock. Bows bred for Hummer and Full pigs

at close prices. ROBERT NEVE. Pierson, Michigan.





 





1(1 TYPE P. —Head boar. Hoosier Giant. also pigs

sired by him. a few bred sows. 1 young boar by Big

Smooth Jumbo. Mrs. J. E. Brai‘thwaite. Brant. Mich.





 





Poland Chi --as. either sex. all ages. Something good

at a low rice. Bargains in boars ready for ser-





vice. P. l). ONG. R. I" D. 8. Grand Rapids, Mich.





 





f th I' t . B



POLAND CI-lINAS rgady fgr :dgvigfeSows 12:9,:

for spring furrow. A. A: Wood dz Son. Saline. Mich.

LARGE IIPE P. C._iili§i"§?.’f'Ifiiiiinimiiiiii’fi 13:

bred gilts. W. J. HAGELSBAW. Augusta. Mich.

' ' all ' t. ' —

BIg Boned Poland Chmas. in; rféiif2oiir€§aovieii§

ROBERT MARTIN. R. F. D. No. 7. Hastings. Mich.





' ready for service and sows Willi

Lflge Sliaiil P.0u 80318 pigs. AIII brooding sows for





 





 





 





full furrow of the host brooding. to be had at bargain price»

for the Iicxi 3t) (lays. IIIII.~t linvo the room for oihers.

H. 0. SWAR'I Z, Schoolcraft. Michigan_





 





' —-Am booking orders for male pigs

POIand China to bc ship Ied at. weaning time.

G W. HOL'l‘UN. It. No.11. alamazoo. Michigan.





 





BIG TYPE POLAND CHINAS.





We won more prizes in 1913 and 1914 than any other

Poland breeder in Michigan. Fell stock for sale.

BEAN CREEK FARM, Addison, Michigan.





FALL PIGS AT HALF PRICE





Bred from the largest strain of Poland Ohinns on

earth. none big er. f you ever expect to own a reg.

istered Poland hina, this is your opportunity. Git

busy and order at once. Pairs and tries not akin $15

each. J. 0. BUTLER. Portland. Mich. Bell Phone.





 





 





BIG Type boars by Big Smooth Jumbo. Greatest

boar in State. 718 lbs, at 17 mo. These boars are

long. tail. big bone. sold at farmers prices. shipped

CA) “ Call or write. Wm. Waffle. Coldwater.Mich.





LARGE TYPE P. C.





Largest in Michigan.

Brod gilts all sold. A few extra good fall pigs priced

to move them quick





w. E. LIVINGSTON, Par-ma, Mich.





OR Sale~A few thoroughbred Poland China Pigs six weeks

old of the l rgo breed. They will be registered if desired.

l’riue upon application. G. 'l‘. lilNES. Bradley. Michigan





—A . H P1

50 YollKSlllRES ”Lissa“? shah“;

Books, I. Ii. Ducks. E. S. CARR. Homer. Mich.

ORKSHIRE SWINE. Boers ready for service.





A gilt: bred for June farrow. “'ozinling pigs 6-10

weeks old. GEO. B. McMULLEN, Grand Ledge, Mich.





For Saiee—Yorkshire Gills





from large litters. bred for full farrowing. Waterman

Waternlan. Ann Arbor, Mich. Meadowland Farm.





.—Vi'eaniing pigs. airs not akin. Bred

MUICIUIII "ogS- sows and stills or full furrow. tno

service boars. C. F. BACON. Bldgeway. Mich.





 





 





 





 





 





 





I iliie Farmstead Yorkshires. Boats ready for service.

1 (iilts bI‘UlI for Sept. l‘arrow. Spring pigs. pairs and





lrios. not akin. Colon C. Lillie, (ioopersvilie. Mich.





REGISTERED YUHKSHIBES





Imported Strain. Both sexes. Prices Reasonable.





Hatch Herd, Ypsilanti, Michigan.

REGISTERED YORKSHIRES‘EiSSific‘i





fine boars. JCS. H. BREWER, Belmont, Mich.





 





 





 





YORKSHIRES





Bred gilts, service boars. September and October igs.

Prices reasonable. W. C. COOK. R. 42, Ads, ich.





SHEEP.





 





 





 





L ' h ~Yeariing and ram lambs from Champion

Bias r8 flock of Thumb of Mich. Also select Berk<

shire swine. Elmhurst Stock Farm, Almont. Mich.





Registered Oxford Down Sheep‘wfifiié‘?“’





. E. GANSSLEY. Lennon. Michigan.





 





 





 





HORSES





FOR SALE—Registered Percheron Stallion Mares

an Fillies at reasonable rises. In-

spection invited. F. L. KING £80K. Charlotte.Mioh.





—Reg. Shot! P ' . 130813]

m NHL F1132“ W 1 gonsfitzallieiiiz'nd Young

a. . - - - 0





stock for s rrison. Pigeon. Mich.





 





 





 





I

Registered Peroherons

Brood {mares.:1f"illies and Young Stallions. Priced

to sell. Ins ection invited.

L.‘ C. HUNT & CO.. atou Rapids. Michigan.
. ' a ,

HUDSON -fl

Rides the Cree/t. ‘





 





Ann Arbor—Ann Arbor Garage.

Big Rapids—C. P. Judson.

Bessemer—E. H. Ekman.





 





_,4





 





 





/_"\\





\





This new-model H UDSON—for 1916—was first announced in

the newspapers on June 13th. About the same time announce-

ment was made in Farm Papers and weeklies covering America.

All announced these four great innovations:





The Yacht-Line Body

The Satin - Lustre Finish

More Room and Luxury

A $200 Price Reduction





On Monday and Tuesday, June 14th and 15th—the opening

days—every HUDSON showroom in the country was crowded to the

street. Every road around brought farmers to see this newest car.



Many thousands of men were turned away. There was no

chance for demonstrations. Even careful inspection was almost

impossible. Yet 1041 men in those two days bought these new-

model HUDSONS. In those two days men paid $1,400,000 for

a HUDSON model none had ever seen before.





The Avalanche





June 14th and 15th broke every record in the sale of high-grade

cars. We knew the avalanche was coming, but the actual demand

amazed us. All over the country motor car buyers had been wait-

ing this new model. We held our announcement until dealers

could get reasonable stocks ahead.



But the first two days sold nearly half a month’s output. By

the time this appears our deliveries of this new model will reach

4500, probably. We are building 115 per day. But that will

hardly begin to supply the men who want this HUDSON car.





Came Like a Comet





It was only 22 months ago when this HUDSON introduced

the new-type Six. It was designed by Howard E. Coffin, the

famous HUDSON designer, and weighed under 3000 pounds. It

cut fuel and tire cost in two.



The price was $1750 then, but that price was the season’s sen-

sation. To sell a high-grade Six under $2000 was considered im-

possible then. .



The demand for that car was far ahead of supply. The next





®





‘ ° , :4 “=// :\\;J§/ \\ ..., ....é—<s~ m

TWW“§\&\\§&\K§\\L \ \ NR \\ - “will“ ,

1041 Sold in Two Days





On Monday and Tuesday, June 14th and

15th-Opening Days for This New Model—

Dealers Sold to Users 1041 HUDSONS





\\ ” .

\ \\ (/Qvl



w “‘0‘



Si"! ' ‘ /\\Y“\’\\ H

l n J . ' ‘ '!‘





INK/'5.





with





,\\“ ‘

- \R\





 





1'23





\4l‘tgc" ’ a "‘ “‘9 l,» ”A (1‘

Q a “h _

grim "Mllmnllllllllllllll





 





 

 

 





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:23 ~





 





 





 

 





. {3"

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season we doubled our output and brought the price to $1550. On

that model last summer we were at times 4000 cars oversold.



On this new model we doubled our output again, and brought

the price to $1350. In but a few months this new-type car has

quadrupled the HUDSON output. It has changed the whole

idea of a class car. Today it dominates in a conspicuous way the

field of the quality Six.





No Car Like It





HUDSON popularity brought many a follower. Within a few

months there were dozens of makers building cars in the Light

Six class.‘ .



But Howard E. Coffin and his engineers had then spent three

years on this HUDSON. They were working all the time to im-

prove it. They worked out countless refinements. Within 20 months

they had added to this HUDSON 51 distinct improvements. And

our multiplied output had brought the price down to $1350.



Today this HUDSON finds no rival in sight of it. Such a car

at‘such a price is impossible with small productions. Many of the

best of HUDSON features are not found in other cars. Today you

cannot find even second choice to the HUDSON if you seek a

high-grade Six.





New 1916 Features





This new-model HUDSON brings out the Yacht-Line body. It

shows for the first time the Satin—Lustrefinish. Each coat is baked

on in enormous ovens. It has a roomier tonneau, a wider rear

seat. It has disappearing extra seats to double the tonneau room.



It has enameled leather upholstery. It has deep, luxurious

cushions. - ..



And it has, above all, the approval of owners. Many thousands

of men have proved out this HUDSON on millions of miles of

road. Any owner will endorse this to you as the perfect car.



Go see it before our summer output is sold. Now you can get

an early delivery. Later we fear that you cannot.





7-Passenger Phaeton or B-Passenger Roadster,

$1350, 1. o. b. Detroit. New Cabriolet, $1650.





HUDSON MOTOR CAR COMPANY

DETROIT, MICHIGAN





HUDSON service is one of the best HUDSON developments. It in-

sures continued satisfaction. Ask us to explain it.





We Have dealers everywhere. These are a few in your vicinity:





MICHIGAN DEALERS





Dundee—McIntyre Bros.

Durand~Durand Auto Co.

Eagle River—R. L. Blight.

Flint—Albertson Bros. & Lintz.

Gladstone—Holmgren Auto Co.





Lansing—Lansing Taxicab Co.





Menominee—Auto Service Co.

Manistique—L. Yalomstein.





//





W





   





Marquette—Superior Garage, Ltd.





Owosso—Ferris Bros. & Wolvaer.





 





a:





 

   





//’////A/





Mi





   

   

   





W





////////





 





\





////





/////%//





 





//





Plymouth—J. R. Ranch & Son.

Port Huron—George E. Yokom.

Saginaw—Sutton Sales Co.



Sault Ste. Marie—R. G. Ferguson.

St. Johns—R. G. Clark.



Union City—F. B. Hart.

Whittemore—A. J. Blumenau.

Wyandotte—A. W. Pardo.





Grand Rapids—L. E. Colgrove.

Greenville—fE. A. Kemp & Son.

Hillsdale—L. E. Roethlisberger.



Iron River—Lindwall & Lindstrom.

Ionia—Eugene Kerstetter.

Jackson—Temple Garage Co.

Kalamazoo—Kalamazoo Auto Sales Co.





f§ Battle Creek—American Motor Co.

\ Birmingham—Morris Levinson.

\ Bay City—Peter J. Oswald.

§ Charlotte—J. W. McCormack.



'- Chassell—Edwin E. Warner.

§ Clare—J. B. Roe.





§\\ Detroit—The Bemb-Robinson 00., 288

§\\\\ Jefferson Ave.





7





%





In





an





 





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I





it