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7/», ”ﬁzrmwr ,


.The Only Weekly Agricultural, Horticdltural and Live Stock Journal in the State.


V


. f’? ,1 t


, ilz’iﬂ


VOL. cxxxm. No. :0.

Whole Number 3467. .


FARM NOTES.


Preparing Land for Wheat.


The good yields of wheat in Michigan

this year and the more satisfactory price

at which this grain is selling as compared

with previous years will doubtless prove

an i centive toward the sowing of larger

areas to wheat this fall

than has been common

in recent years. Michigan

farmers are not new to

the growing of wheat.

Time was when this staple

cereal. was a leading cash

crop in our state, and

Michigan yields were, and

have since continued to

be on the smaller areas

growu, quite. satisfactory

as compared with the av—

crage for heavier produc—

ing states and the country

at large. The summer

fallow was a common

method of preparing the

ground for wheat in the

old days, and has retained

its favor in many wheat

producing sections in re-

cent years, but not to the

same extent as formerly.

More wheat has been sown

after oats or corn or beans

than formerly, and while

the yields have not been

as uniformly satisfactory,

the crops have proven

more proﬁtable because of

the less time and expense

involved in the prepara-

tion of the soil. But this

change in the method of

preparing the soil for the


DETROIT, MICI‘L. SATURDAY. SEPT. 4, [909.


soil below it, insures a supply of moisture

for the germination of the med, while

the ‘ﬁne, melldw earth mulch at the sur-

face prevents the evaporation of the

moisture brot up from below by capillary

attraction from be'ng evaporated from

the surface of the soil, and at the same

time favors the rapid growth of the young


after seeding, the soil is apt to dry out

to the depth of the plowing to an extent

which will seriously injure the tender

plants. This condition has been the fre-

quent cause of poor stands of wheat in

Michigan in recent years, and also makes

the danger from winter killing much


greater than where the ideal seed bed


75 CENTS A YEAR

$1.50 THREE YEARS


overcome this handicap may not at ﬁrst

be apparent to the reader, but where the

ideal condition cannot be scoured it is

always well to keep it in mind so as to

approach it as nearly as possiblc, and

whcre the ground must be broken and

prepared close to seeding time to use

such methods as seem best suited to ap-

proach that condition.

Extensive experiments

conducted at the Kansas

station during the past

two scasons have shown:

that in cvcrv case the

ground plowed for wheat

in September gave a lower

yield than whcro the land

was plowcd curlicr, but

the results also show

quite :1 variation in the

yicld under different

methods of late plowing

and prcparution. For in-

stuncc, land plowed three

iiicllos deep in' September

gave ncurly thrco bushels

pcr acre bcttcr yield with

the same preparation than

land plowed seven inches

decp at the same date.

These arc, perhaps, ex—

treme examples, but they

illustrate clearly that un-

dcr conditions in which

lute plowing must be done

shallow plowing is more

profitable than dccp plow-

ing, both in the better

prospcct for a good yield

and tho gl‘th’ltvl‘ economy

of horse powcr requircd

in the operation. And

right hcre it might be

well to again emphasize


crop has made the wheat

grower more dependent on

the fall rains to get the

crop properly started than


“Maple Row,” Farm Home of


J, T. Daniells, Clinton County, Mich.


thc cconomy of conscrving

the moisture which may

fall bcforo ('1‘ during the

plowingr of stubble ground


was the case where the

fallow land was sown, and

in some sections at least

the dry weather has again

prevented the- early plow-

ing of fallow and stubble

ground intended f o r

wheat, so that a discus—

sion of the subject at this

time may prove helpful to

many who have not yet

been able to plow and

prcparc the ground in-

tended for wheat or who

will sow it after other

crops. .


The soil conditions es-

sential for a maximum

yield of wheat are well

established and quite

generally understood, so

that under normal condi—

tions the a\'cr.ge farmer

is not likcly to make scr-

ious mistakes in preparing

his soil for this crop, but

experimental data touch—

ing the methods which

succeed best when condi-

ditions of soil and mois-

ture are not such as

might be desired may

prove helpful to many

who are now confronted


by dishing the land, as

was adviscd in a recent

issue, and the philosophy

of which an interested

roudcr has uskcd us to

explain more fully. This

dishing of stubblc ground

simply prcvcnts the rapid

cvupol‘uth'1n of Inoisiul‘e

from the surface by pro-

viding an earth mulch

in the some manner that

this (lcsirablc rcsult is se-

cuer in the

of crops.


cultivation

It also fines the

surface soil in such a

munncr that it will form\

union with the

soil bclow tho furrow, and

it will umko the plowing

cusivr to l'l‘llly the labor

invoIVcd. (if course. the

curlier this work can be

dono lhc bcttci'. but there

are large St-(‘tlﬂl'lh‘ of the.

state in which plowing

has bcon dclaycd until this


a closer


time in which we believe

this prcliminary operation

would still be proﬁtable,


provided the conditions


described should prevail.

After the land is plowed


thoro harrowing, espec-


with this condition. As

is well known, the ideal

condition for the germina-

tion of the seed and the growth of the

young plants is a ﬁne, mellow condition

of'the' surface soil and a ﬁrm and well

settled seed bed below the depth at

which the seed is sown. This ﬁrm seed

bed, being well connected with the sub-


The Lawn at “Maple Row,” an


shoots to the air and sunlight above. On

the other hand, a too mellow, loose and

deep seed" bed makes the seed almost

wholly dependent on rains for the moist-

ure necesary for germination, and in

case dry weather succeeds light showers,


Object Lesson Worthy of Emulation.


can be more nearly approached.


Just how the reciting of these well

known facts will help the man who has

been unable, on account _of unfavorable

weather conditions, to prepare an ideal

seed bed for the sowing of wheat to


ially after every rain, will

improve the seed bed and

conserve moisture. In the

experiments above referred to it was

found that two harrowings, at a cost of

50 cents, increased the net proﬁt $3 and

$1.50 respectively in each of the two years

over no harrowing from the time the

land was plowed until it was prepared
166 (3)}


for seeding. While early sowing generally

gives better results than late seeding,

yet a reasonable delay to get- the seed‘

bed into good condition is likely to prove

proﬁtable.


Another factor which Should not be

neglected in preparations for the wheat

crop is the character of the seed. The

best is none too good,’ and it should be

thoroly cleaned and treated for smut

before sowing if a. maximum yield is

desired.


Yellow or Hop Clover.’


I ﬁnd the enclosed specimen in my

pasture ﬁeld. The soil is muck. Kindly

advise me thru the Michigan Farmer if

the specimen is clover or a pest.


Sanilac C0. S J. P.


The specimen enclosed is commonly

known as yellow or low hop clover. It

does not commonly grow to the height

of over Six inches but owing to the rich

ground and abundant moisture this speci-

men is somewhat larger. It belongs to

the clove? family and is commonly desig-

nated as “hop clover" owing to the re-

semblance of its head to the flower of

that plant.


The blossoms are yellow in color, turn-

ing brown as they ripen. It is common

in Europe and frequently met with in this

icountry. While not listed among forage

plants of economic value it can hardly

be considered as a bad weed. It is a.

near relative of the ordinary trifolium

or black mcdick, which is grown for for—

age purposes in Europe because of the

cheapness of its seed, for which reason

it is also sometimes used as an adulterant

in clover and alfalfa seed.

FERTILIZING THE WHEAT GROUND.


In manuring ground to be sown to fall

wheat a number of us farmers plow

our ground first, then roll it down, after

which we apply a light coat of manure.

This is then thoroly mixed and worked

into the soil by disking and harrowing

before the \that is drilled. The manure

is applied, of course, by a manure

spreader. Spreading by hand a person

never can do as good a job and cannot:

make the manure go as far. \Ve find

it bettcr to cover a field lightly with

manure and cover the whole of it, than

to put a heavy coat on it, and only

have enough to cover half of it. By ap-

plying the manure. in this way we ﬁnd

that we get a better yield of wheat and

also when seedingr to clover in spring a

better catch of clover. Some. also find

it to pay well to apply 100 to 200 lbs.

of fertilizer when drilling wheat, in ad—

diticn to the manure.


Plowing under the manure like we used

to do, and a great many are still doing,

does not give us as good results.


Saginaw Co. J. S.


HANDLING CLOVER SEED.


Hundreds of dollars are, annually lost

to the farmers of this country thru carc-

less and improper handling of the clover

Seed crop. There are few crops which

can be lost so quickly thru improper

handling as clover seed. A few hours of

rough work will often knock out half

the seeds and, no matter how careful we

are, a great amount will invariably get

away from us.


This year‘s crop of red clover is not

likely to lic especially heavy, owing in

part to the drouth, which until rcccntly

has at't'cctcd a great part of ‘11- clover

seed belt, and in part to the fact that in

some. sections the acrcagc is not as large

Perhaps ollc thing which ac—

counts for this condition is the fact that

last year‘s crop was so unusually large

that many farmers expected the surplus

stock of last year to kccl) the prices

down. However, at present it looks as

if people will have to pay for their seed

next ycar. The, supply on the market

at present is not grcat, and Seed in

December delivery is now seling at above

$7.00 per bushel. (if course, the sale of

futures is not a sure sign, but according

to all indications $11) seed for next spring

does not look impossible. llcnct- it would

be well to look twice before cutting sec—

ond-crop clover for hay.


It is always well to make sure that

your crop is ripe before cutting it. Don't

misunderstand me, for many cut too

green. \Ve want every seed that has

a Chance of maturing, hence allow it to

mature. (.‘ut it when nlarly all of the

seeds are dead ripe.


Often, during the past season, i have

seen inquiries in the various agricultural

papers asking for methods of cutting

clover seed. One recommended cutting


as usual.


with an ordinary mower, and then raking

with an old-fashioned dump rake—that

writer had evidently not handled much


THE ' MICHIGAN FARMER.


clover. seed. It would be about as prac-

tical in a forty acre ﬁeld as-the use of

hay caps. It might be all right with a

few acres, but when it is ready cut it

and don’t fool around. The best thing

which we have is a windrow attachment

to the mower. It consists of a number

of iron strips of various lengths which

fasten on the cutter-bar with three bolts

and which rolls the clover back into one

continuous windrow, where it can. cure

out and lie until hulling time.‘


Do not hull the clover until it is ready

but, if possible, hull itas soon as it is

ﬁt. The value of good clover chaff is too

often lost sight of, and for that reason

we too often see stacks of it rotting on

numbers of farms. Our experience has

taught us that we would rather have

good clover chaff ton for ton, than the

best straw we can secure.


Ohio. CLYnE A. WAUGH.


SCIENCE BIDS THE DESERT DRINK.


Has any practical agricultural enter—

prise ever before been more royally her—

alded by pageants of ﬂoats, bands and

glorious ﬂutter of decorations such as en—

thusiastic thousands cheered in Spokane,

Washington, August 9 to 14? It may be;

but certainly no popular demonstration

was ever vibrant with a. more profound

slogan than that which rang thruoutt he

seventeenth session of the National Irri-

gation Congress. Six days of serious

consideration combined with joyous cele-

bration of a great farm problem is what

it amounted to, and the seed-thot that

dominated all was, “Science bids the

desert drink.” This message was am-

blazoned everywhere, in bold type on

shields, banners and advertisements. It

was the message of every speaker; it was

illustrated in striking single ﬂoats and

was worked out progressively as the ag-

gircultural development of the northwest

was shown in each of the several parades

which honored irrigation as its crowning

triumph. “Science bids the desert drink,”

becomes the watchword of a new agricul-

ture. Fifteen hundred delegates, repre-

senting seventy foreign nations and the

far east and south, as well as the west

and north, of our own land, met in this

congress to study the new-old problem

of soil—culture.


The whole subject of irrigation was

given national import by the Reclamation

Act of 1902. It is no longer a purely

western project. It ramiﬁes all our


SCIENCE

DIDS THE

DESERT DRINK


Seal of National Irrigation Congress.


efforts toward national progress, there-

fore, in the week‘s program of the con-

gress various features were presented

by speakers of national reputation who

have devoted themselves to a study of

legislation, of forestry, of soil survey, of

transcontinental railroading, of good

roads and of. farm home. building. From

Secretary Ballingcr on the ﬁrst Of these

in rclation to irrigation, to Dean L. H.

liailcy on the last, an alert, earnest,

high—minded audience gathered to learn.

New words were there put into our farm

vocabularies “reclamation,” “irrigation

projects,” “conservation,” “dry—farm-

ing,” “corrugations," “open and closed

leads," ctc., etc. A feeling of new

l;rother and sisterhood was engendered

for the, prospective home—makers on our

sixty million acres of “arid lands.” One

fclt he was in the presence of seekers

after knowledge and must in no wise

disturb or distract the wrapt attention

of those in attendance. One felt, also,

that here was a business—like pursuit of

agricultural knowlcdgc. Home seeking

and building was the ultimate, object, but

it must come thru business—like farming

which will give comforts, recreations and

privilege of culture such as other homes

have. All these things were more than

in the air; “they were emphasized. One

was glad to be alive and permitted to see

the oncoming of this wondrous new de-

velopment of the earth beneath our feet

and the waters under the earth.

JENNIE BUELL.


-- Put-both


Have you arranged to do this?


Potash is proﬁt. But next week


delivered in time for use.


New York—93 Nassau Street


, . .1 - SEPT-[t 1309.“


n and mix: -, , .—.


We have told you how to add 6 per cent. of Potash to bone or phos.

phate, by mixing 100 lbs. of either with 15 lbs. of Munate of Potash.


cost of less than to cents per bushel? -

If not, telephone to your dealer to get the Potash at once—or, to

furnish'you with a 2-8-6 fertilizer for your Wheat—equally good for rye.


Therefore, do it now.


Send for New Farmer’s Note Book containing fad:

about soil. crops. manurcs and fertilizers. Mailed fm.


GERMAN KALI WORKS, Monadnock Building, Chicago


i


The Last Call


We have been telling you all

summer to use not less than

6 per cent. of Potash in your

wheat fertilizer


To increase your wheat crop at a


may be too late to get the goods


Atlanta. Our—1224 Candler Building


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Try my angina on your farm and it you are dil-

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money, you will not be obligated for a single cent.

In Waterloo and been in busing“ hero for ovu- twenty years. Write any of the eight banks of Waterloo

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.1

Waterloo. Iowa.


Then use an Imperial Flexible


SIZES

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24 Disc, 6 it. cut.

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If you would ..

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Write us for


Do You Disc Your Corn Stubble?


Frame Double Disc Harrow


and save one-half the time and expense. A 6-0!-

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The Imperial Double Disc is a complete (out-

throw) Foretruck Disc Harrow with a second

pair of disc sections (in-throw) attached

by a jointed frame. The front. sec-

tions cut the ground and

throw It out; the rear

\ sections work it agaln

' \_ and throw it. back.

t} The soil ls reduced

to a u n I f o r m

- ﬁneness, with a.

level, even sur-

face over the eu-

tlre ﬁeld.

For working

0 o r n stubble.

plowed ground, or

for any other pnr se, the Imperial

Double Disc wll give better re-

sults than any other style or Dlsc

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HILLSDALE, MICH.


SEED WHEAT.


A limited amount of White Winter Wheat, grown

especially for seed. The best we have ever pro-

duced. Now ready for delivery. Prlce, 11.25 per bu.:

bags extra. Send for sample. Bags 230 extra.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionia. Mich.


WINTER SEED WHEAT

62 Bushels Per Acre—35‘: ¥§$iﬁ“ﬂff


two hardleat varieties, surest croppers and biggest

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Shenandoah. Iowa.


SEED WHEAT!


600 acres. Grown especlally for seed purposes In

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81.25 per bu.: best bugs to hold 2% bushels 20 cents


HEALY WHEAT FOR Sllan ‘83.?‘3231352’.


grown. COLON C. LILLIE, opersvllle. Mich.


EEDs—CLOVERS. TIMOTHY. BLUE

GRASS, Orchard Grass, Red

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ZACK DAVIS 00.. Delaware. Ohio.


noon PATENTS


We secure and promote patents. Represent 15

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START


I‘m Salesman II:nled‘“”.....3§.‘1‘f§.‘§2§.’f.it.i§§2§‘§ifﬁ


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application. loam-mick Nursery 00., 25 Elm St, Konroo, Nick


4


lu-
SEPT. 4, 1909.

A FEW TILE onAm-yussnous.


Is it best to have tile laid down the

slope or angling across it? Is 80 rods

too IOng a. distance for a drain of 4—inch

tile when said drain is expected to carry

Off only the water whlch falls.on that

particular parcel of land? Is it better

to have mains with laterals or increase

the number of mains and do Without


laterals as far as possible?

SUBSCRIBER.


. Except in deep, porous, aluvial soil, a

four—inch tile will take all the water

that would naturally come into this tile,

for even eighty rods in length. In some

of the aluvial soils of the northwest, the

water drains much farther into the tile

than it does thru the soils in this coun—

try, and consequently they ﬁnd it neces—

sary to use larger tile than we do. 0!

course, it is a good plan to use tile a

little larger than you think necessary,

because it gets the water off more

quickly; but four-inch tile will drain the

water that COmes naturally into it for

80 rods, and asamatter of fact, you could

just as well have the upper part, or the

last forty rods of this drain of three-inch

tile and have them run into the four-e

inch. This would make it a little bit

cheaper. Providing the fourl-inch tile

would not carry all this water off, then

it would be better to have the lower half

of it ﬁve-inch tile and the' balance four—

inch, because it is not nec05sary to have

the upper end of the ditch as large tile

as the lower end, as the lower end has

to carry off all of the accumulated water

from the entire length of the drain.


In draining a natural slope of ground,

a drain laid parallel with the slope at

the base of it, will carry off the water

and drain the land better than it will to

have the drain run down the Sl0})(‘, be-

cause the water that soaks into the

ground from above, at the top of the

slope worked down thru some natural

drainage layer of soil and seeps into the

lower land. Of course, ,this is the way

springs are formed. Now if you lay a

tile drain angling across the slope, it will

tap this water and prevent it from run—

ning, or soaking dow’n the slop:-. 'l‘hcrc—

fore a ditch laid angling aCI‘OSS the slope

would cut off all the water from above,

while a ditch laid down the slope would

only drain two or three rods on either

side of it.


It is better to have an open outlet to

a tile drain, if possible, because there is

always some danger of having the outlet


, get stopped up. Consequently it would


be better to have a main ditch with lat—

tcrals running into it and only one outlet

to the whole system, than it would to

have several outlets, where it is possible

to do this. If I could drain 40 acres of

land and only have one outlet, I would

have a large tile for this outlet and then

have, smaller tile running into it, and

have enough laterals to drain the whole

forty acres Open in one open mouth

rather than to have several of them; ”but

usually this could not very well be done.

The natural drainage of the ﬁeld would

rrevcnt. But the natural principle would

be to have as few systems as possible.

COLON C. LILLIE.


PREPARING FOR THE WHEAT CROP.


The next operation after the oats are

hauled, to attract the farmer’s attention

is the plowing and fitting the ground for

the next wheat crop. A large share of

this will be out stubble and if it was

plowed in the spring it will not plow hard

cvcn if quite dry. llowvvcr, if it was

sowed after corn without plowing, as

ours was, it will be apt to plow up hard

and lumpy if dry. Our oat stubble was

plowed bcfore the last rain and as it was

disked in this spring on corn stubble

ground it plowed up (1llltt' lumpy and rc-

uuired a new plowpoint daily. However,

after the soaking rain which came a

few days ago we Went over it once with

the combination spring and spike tooth

harrow, and as a neighbor remarkcd, it

“looks like summer fallow.” The lumps

are nearly all pulverized and the surface

quite lcVel. We shall harrow the ﬁeld

after each hard rain has dried off suffi-

ciently and I do not think there will be

many lumps by seeding time. The oats

which are coming up thickly will also be

prctty well sprouted and killed.


I have noticed that when ground is

plowed well during dry weather and

worked down well after rains, it is likely

to produce a good crop if other conditions

are fairly favorable. There seems to be

a grinding or pulverizing action on the

soil when plowed dry that is an advan-

tage to it, tho I can not explain why,

and perhaps it is somewhat imaginary.

Many farmers believe there is something

in it, however, and who can say that


there is not?


‘lation to citJVcr culture.


Another ﬁeld is nearly plowed also.

This was partly corh stubble wheat

ground, and partly sqd ground plowed

for wheat after the second crop of June

clover was out for seed last fall. The

latter plows quite well, but the rain did

not go to the bottom of the furrow on

the corn ground stubble. We are follow-


ing the plow with the narrow in this case, “ if


to conserve what moisture there is, and

will work this down also after rains

to get a ﬁrm moist ‘seed bed. Following

wheat with wheat may not be the best

practice, but the ground is rich and gets

a dressing of manure every second year.

Where manure is available I believe one

can follow an intensive rotation and make

the soil produce according to the manner

in which it is fed.

Calhoun 00. S. B. H.

CLOVER EXPERIMENTS BY THE DE-

PARTMENT OF AGRICLTURE.


The Bureau of Plant Industry of the

Department of Agriculture, thru Mr.

Charles J. Brand, physiologist in charge

of clover and alfalfa investigations, has

been making important discoveries in re-

Hitherto the

work on clovers has been conﬁned largely

to a study of the regional varieties of

common red clover, including experi-

ments with the new Orel clover. Profes—

sor N. E, Hansen, during his last explor—

ing trip, secured seed in Norway 01' a

hardy variety of clover called “"I‘oten”

clover, which resembles very strikingly

the new Russian “Orel” clover,


In addition about thirty strains of Eu-

ropean red clover, including among others

the Steiermark, Silesian, Moravian, Bo-

hemian, Italian, Thurmgian, Austrian,

English, Russian and Polish, are being

studied in Co-Opt-I‘tltion with the Minne-

sota and Ohio experiment stations and

also with a private investigator in the

humid coast region of northern Califor-

Ilia.


Experiments are also being made to de-

tcrminc the availability for cultivation

of some of our wild native clovcrs. There

are some 75 native clovcrs in the United

States, some of which grow with remark—_

able vigor and attain large size. Many

also seed very freely, an important qual-

ity in cultivated plants. The ofﬁcials of

the bureau believe many of these wild

rpt-cics may prove valuable for particular

bpcs of soil, climate and methods of cul-

tivation.


Experiments have also been made with

shat‘tal, a Very promising annual clove!-

which has long been cultivated in north-

\vtsici'n India, Afghanistan and Persia,

l'ut had ncver been introduced into the

United States until seed was recently ob-

tained t‘hru the courtesy of Mr. Philip

Purkcr, of the Indian irrigation service.

in the Asiatic regions mentioned, where

shufial is grown almost exclusively under

irrigation, three, or cvcn more, cuttings

of hay are obtaincd each year, which is

a remarkable Showing for an annual hay

crop. The plant is a rapid grower, cures

rcadily, makes ﬁne hay and is grecdily

catch by cattle and horses. In the Him—

alyan plateau shaftal grows at an altitude

of 8,000 feet; hence the ofﬁcials of the

l‘)c}')urtmcnt of Agriculture bt-licvc that it

will have. considcrablc frost resistance,

which may greatly improve its usefulness

in this country. Experiments made last

your in localities as widely separated as

Carlton, Ore; Danvillc, Va.; Yuma, Ariz.;

Stockton, Kus; and St. Anthony l’ark,

Mimr, have been highly satisfactory.


\Vushington D. C. G. E. M.


Have You Heard About the Impr0ved

Stock and Wagon Scale?

The editor is glad to notc in this issuc


an achrliscmcnt on Bull llcaring l’itlcss;

Scalcs. This is something we should like, i


to scc on cvcry farm in the state. The

ball bcaring feature is new to stock scale

construction, but it has made such won-

dcri'ul lllH‘n‘th'lllOlllS in other mechanical

lincs that we. fccl (*criuin it is going to

be a. phenomenal succcss applied . to

Sczllos. \Vc advisc IOoking into the mat-

tor and write for descriptions, prices,

ctc., on ball bearing pitless scales, sold

at wholesale prices. Send in your name

by post—card today to the Indiana Pitless

Scale (‘0., illox lO—A, Newcastle, Indiana,

Dept. 10, Kansas City, Mo., Station A.


The harrowing attachment for use with

sulky or gang plow has gained a position

of well—earned popularity during the past

few years. This implement barrows each

furrow as it is turned, and ﬁnes and

smoothes the soil when it is in the best

possible condition. The American Plow

(70., 2344 Fairoaks Ave. Madison, \Vis.,

make two styles of attachment, the spike-

tooth drag attachment for smoothing and

the rotary disc attachment for pulveriz-

ing. Each is attachable to the same

frame and they are, easily interchanged

to suit any condition of soil. The saving

of labor and time of harrowing in a

single season will pay for one of these

combination attachments. They are


\ .


TﬁE' Mini‘GAN FARMER; ' ' «0 1‘67:


h


fﬂa’seoo-roun own,

'35" ' '


MHAY BA’EI’NG


: THE hay press of real value to the farmer is the press that enables him


1',


to do his own hay baling. - _ .

There is u’hqueStionably a great advantage in owning your own

ha ress.

y{on have ample time to bale your hay during the late fall and early

winter months, and . .

The money you will save by doing your own balmg rather than having

it done by the contract baler will pay better wages for you and your

horses than you can make any other way.


I. H. C. PRESSES FOR

INDIVIDUAL FARMERS


I. H. C. hay presses are well adapted to the use of individual farmers.


They are run by horse power, the kind of power you always have on

the farm.


They do not require/a large force to operate them. Usually there

are men enough on the farm without hiring extra help.


They are not such expensive machines but that each farmer can

afford to have a press of his own so he may bale his hay or straw when

ever he is ready. p


I. H. C. presses are made almost entirely of steel and iron, very strong

and durable. They have the great advantage over many other presses in

being made on the pull-power principle. by which the plunger is pulled.

not pushed. .


The presses are made in two sizes. The one-horse. made With a 14 by

18-inch bale chamber can be operated by two men and a boy. It will bale

6 to 8 tons a day.


The two-horse press bales 8 to 15 tons a day. It has bale chambers

14 by 18, 16 by 18 and 17 by 22 inches. This press is well adapted to doing

not only your own work. but also neighborhood and contract baling. if you

have the time.


Both presses are convenient to operate. easy on the horses (no extra

pull when pressure is greatest), and are full circle type. avoiding unneces-

sary stopping, starting and turning of other presses. The stopover is only

4 inches high. L


Call on the International local agent for catalogue and information.

or write direct to the home ofiicc.


INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO, U. S. A.


(incorporated)


hdﬂﬂﬂmu?

The Roller Bearing:

You Pay Your Money


~ . am; And Take Your Choice \ ’


There’s only one Spreader that has had a test of over 30 years. It is up to

‘ you to say whether you will invest your money in that machine or some other.


The 3_l-Year—0Id Success Spreader


has proven itself on tens of thousands of farms. It has worked under all conditions it has had all kinds of hand-

ling. it has a record for good work. right working and durability that is not approached by anyorher

spreader. It is the one roller-bearing spreader—chain driven. free from gear wheels. least friction.

least breakage. lightest draft, strongest. Equipped with either wooden or metal wheels as desired. You might as

well have the Success Spreader. Get all the facts and you Will buy no other. Catalog Free.


KEMP & BURPEE MFG. 00., SYRACUSE, N. Y.


‘ We will give $100.00 for


the 5 best ears of seed corn .

sent us before Nov. lst, 1909 by users of


MANURE SPREADER


bought In 1909. Write today for full partic-

’ 7 , 7 M . , ulars, and ask for our FREE SPREADER

~ BO "K, which proves that the Appleton Manure

Spreader is as strong as steel and oak can make

it; so simple that any boy who can drive a team

can run it as well as any man: and so effective

_‘ in operation that it never bunches the manure.

‘ but pulverizes thoroughly and distributes evenly

from the beginning to the end of the load.


APPLETON MF’G. CO.

20 Fargo St. Batavia, 11]., U. S. A.


3001;


Tells 100 ways

Chatham Pays You.


Pay me on time, or cash, my factory price, but besure to

try a. Chain-m, anyhow. Clean your grain—before you loll

lt—or before you now it. $l.000,000 lost by Farmers in

every state each season by selling dirty grain is a. low

- estimate. You are “docked” on the price because of dirt

in every bushel. Cleans wheat for market. Takes oats,

cockle, garlic. mustard and chess out of wheat. Cleans

, red clover—takes out buckhoru plantain. Cleans ulslke

’ clover and alfalfa. Cleans beans, oats, barley. Grades

corn. Cleans timothy seed.


TAKE 30 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL ON A


CHATHA Fanning Min,


Seed Grader


and Cleaner


FREIGHT PAID TO YOU


. 250,000 sold already in U. S. and Canada. Experiment

Stations Indorse them, and Agricultural Papers recommend them to

Subscribers. Write for full particulars—Prices and New Catalog lt‘ree— -

Address me at; nearest city to you—MANSON CAMPBELL. President

THE MANSON CAMPBELL COMPANY. Detroit Mich. *

Kansas City. lo. 5!. Paul. Mlnn. ‘Portlund,0re. l


’ might Prepaid to


adaptable to any sulky or gang plow.


24 Branch Warehouses for prompt shipments. Farm On 30 Days' Free


JOHN DEERE PLOW 60., Indianapolis, Indiana. Local Representatives '
(4): V


168


Luvs STOCK


PROBLEMS.


FEEDERS’


Cost of Wintering Calves and Sheep.


What would it cost to winter calves

per head, providing one has plenty of

rough fodder? What is it worth to winter

sheep per head, providing they are let

out for the winter, not to fatten but to'

secure a good growth?


Ogemaw Co. W. H. S.


This question can be given a practical

answer only in the abstract. The cost in

any given case, which might be made a

concrete example, will depend so much

upon local conditions such as the breeding

and condition of the calves to be wintered,

110w well it is desired to winter them or

how well it would be proﬁtable to winter

them in view of their later dispositions

as well as the value or cost of the feeds

which are used in carrying them thru the

winter.


To illustrate the variable nature of

these charges the writer will refer to an


experiment which he made in baby beef,


production some years ago. In December,

1904, 20 choice calves, averaging 540 lbs.

in weight were purchased at the Chicago

yards and shipped to the writer‘s farm

with a view of determining what could

be done with them during the ensuing

winter. These were selected calves, most

of them evidently having followed their

dams during the summer, and were in a


thrifty, growing condition when pur-

chased. These calves were put into the

yard on December 3, and were Shipped

out on May 10 following, during which


time they consumed feed in amount and


value as follows:

7,440 lbs. dried beet pulp at $16.75

per ton ........................... 62.3

28,600 lbs. cracked corn at .9227

per cwt. ......................... 264.72

35 bu. cats at 32 cts. .............. 8.00

10 tons clover hay (estimated) at

$7.00 per ton .................... 70.00

Total . ......................... $405.02

Thus it will be seen that in this in-


stance it cost a fraction over $20.00 per

head to winter these calves or rather to

convert them into a good quality of baby

1, beef. The 15 tops in the lot brot $5.50 per

cwt. 011 the Detroit market and averaged

840 lbs. in weight. The others having

made slightly smaller gains and not being

in as prime condition were sold at 5c per

lb. Thus it will be seen that good thrifty

calves are capable of consuming a large

amount of feed where they are crowded

to their limit. These calves consumed as

high as 16 lbs. of grain each per day when

on” full feed.

In comparison with this cost for winter—

ing it would be possible to carry calves

thru the winter at a vcry small expense


011 a good quality of roughage and a

small grain ration. “'hcre the object. is


to carry them thru the winter with a view

to making cheap gains on grass the. fol—

lowing summer it would probably not pay

to feed them as well as the calves were

fed in the experiment above mentioned.

but it certainly would not pay, on the

other hand, to winter them on what would

be simply a maintenance ration, for the

reason that they would make very little

gain in weight and it would takc them

some weeks when turned to pasture to

get started and they would ncver

rccover from effects of the stoppage

of growth and development caused by

such scant fcdcing.


\\'hile undcr ordinary conditions it

Would not, pay to fccd calves heavily

(‘llUllgll to finish thcni where it is intended

to turn them out to pasture the follow-


all]

the


ag


ing season, yct it will pay to feed tlicm

liberally enough to get a maximum of

growth and muscular development with-


out l:1ying on the finish in tit-sh necessary

for the market. To do this inlclligcntly,

one must have a fair knowledge of the

principles of animal nutrition as wcll as

be a good practical ft‘t‘dt‘l'. The best an—

thorilil‘s advise ration having nutri—

tive ration of about 1: 1 toi growing c alv cs

of the beef lnctds, which ratio might be

gradually widoncd as the feeding period

I)l'0}.:‘l‘t‘sSOs to 1:6; that is on an average

these calves would require about 3 lbs.

8r digestible protein, 13 lbs, of carbohy-

dratcs and 1 lb. of fat per 1,000 lbs. of

live weight cacll day for a maximum of

economic growth. These factors being

known and the cost of available feeds

from which the ration can be compounded

being ﬁxed, it will be comparatively easy

to ﬁgure out the approximate cost of

keeping calves thru the winter in this

desirable thrifty growing condition which

will make them capable of making maxi-

mum gains upon grass next season.


The cost of such a ration cannot, of

course, be determined off-hand. If peas


Ll


£1


are available as a home—grown factor in


, materially.


THE MICHIGAN FARMER.


the ration the cost will be reduced very

Otherwise, it would ‘be good

economy to buy concentrated feeds which

are high in their-protein content to bah

ance up the ration. Oil meal would be

a good source of protein, altho if silage

is available some cottonseed meal could

be substituted for a portion of the oil

meal, and if clover hay is available for

roughage less concentrates of this kind

would be needed than where other forage

must be substituted for it.


While the writer is of the opinion that


feeding standards can not proﬁtably be

followed to the letter, yet they are of


some

ratio.

as is


value when ﬁguring a proﬁtable

Palatability is also a great factor

the good sense of the feeder.

Roughly speaking, the feed for calves

wintered for most economic results in

beef production should be of about the

same nature as that suitable for dairy

cows and should be fed with sufﬁcient

liberality to produce a maximum growth,

and such a ration would cost nearly or

quite as much per thousand pounds or

live weight for the calves as for the cows.


A certain amount of feed is required

to keep the animal body going and there

is no proﬁt in simply a maintenance ra—

tion in wintering young stock. The gain

should be sufﬁcient to pay for the entire

cost of the feed, including maintenance,

otherwise there must necessarily be a loss

which must be made up in the future

feeding of the animal or be ﬁnally entered

on the wrong side of the proﬁt and loss

account.


What is true with regard to the cost of

wintering calves is equally true with

sheep. Some feed liberally while others

keep them as cheaply as possible. It

the sheep have reached mature age and

go into winter quarters in good condition,

simply a maintenance ration will be sufﬁ—

cient for them. Otherwise, they should

be so fed from the start as to put them

in fair condition before the lambing sea—

son. Some favor the plan of feeding

no grain before mid-winter at least, then

feeding a moderate grain ration the bal-

ance of the season. The writer believes

it to be a better policy to feed them a


small grain ration thruout the winter,

say about 1,4 lb. per day per cwt. of

sheep. \Vith a good quality of roughage


this will keep them in ﬁne condition and


will repay the extra cost of wintering in


the better lamb crop that will be secured.

Rye as a Hog Feed.


Ts rye meal a good feed for shotcs on


pasture? Is there any danger of feeding

too much of it?

“’ashtcnaw CO. - ‘_“V. lVIARTIN.

Rye meal is a very satisfactory feed

for shotes on pasture. In fact, it com-


pares quite favorably with corn as a food

for fattening hogs when fed as a thick

mash, usoaking each feed from one feed-

ing to the next. Extensive experiments

made to determine its relative feeding

value indicate that, while it gives a

slightly lower gain than corn it makes

an even better queility of pork. The

writer has fed it quite extensively, and

has never found any difﬁculty to result

from a liberal ration where the hogs

\\'t'l'(‘ on good pasture. However, better

results will be secured from a mixed

grain ration if it is available.


“'llcrc too young pigs are fed on a

ration composed cxclusivcly of rye, with-

out any grccn feed, bad results some-

times follow, as it is too binding and

heating, but it can be safely used as a,

factor in the ration the same as corn.


SHOW STOCK EXAGGERATED?


IS


at hand when the

diffcrcnt fairs will be held, and we will

hear the various criticisms on the fairs

and the exhibits there, I am reminded of

the fact that not a few people are ready

to criticise and declare that the cuts

published in the agricultural press, and

the stock shown at the fairs are all in

an exaggerated form; they are not true

to life as seen on the farms. They for-

get that the stock is fixed up for show,

which is no more than they should be

themselves. Farmers dressed up in their

best, as they usually appear at the fairs,

look as well as the mechanics or profcs-

sional men. it is a, ditlicult task to sort

out. the farmers as we see them mingling

Some of them are as well

dressed, make as good an appearance,

and carry as intelligent looks as those

from any other calling in life. It is right:

that it is so, and they ought to consider

that stock taken from the farm and

shown at the fairs is scrubbed, cleaned,

combed and put in the best possible con-~

dition for the occasion: and that is no

more than the majority of~ people do, or

ought to do, by themselves when they go

out at public gatherings, for good appear-


As the season is


in any cro wd.


l


ances will add to the standing of their

calling among other peOple.


Those who are only acquainted with

the stock as seenl in the everyday farm

form, in their more or less soiled condi-

tion, are slow to comprehend what gool

breeding, good feeding, and good educa-

tion will do for them. When they see

the highest type of farm stock that may

‘be comparatively near relations to their

own that have been richly fed,.bathed,

groomed, anointed; and with cattle the

hoofs manicured. the horns scraped and

polished and the hair curled; with horses

the manes and tails braided to crimp and

adorned with highly colored ribbons, the

change brot about by the skill of the

artist who has charge .of them is so great

that many are ready to declare that it

is an exaggerated class of stock, entirely

out of the reach of the possibilities‘of the

farmers. Such is a wrong impression

and those who have carried it should look

the matter over and consider how those

great changes are brot about.


In looking at matters of this kind we

should bear in mind the fact that breed-

ers and improvers of live stock have been

working toward their highest ideals. We

should remember that the breeder, as

well as the artist, is a creature of growth

and the highest ideals of a decade past


were not the equal of the highest ideals


of today. The breeder has improved on

his ideals, and it is his ambition to bring

his stock up to them. The fair season is

the time to see just how far progress

has been made in the breeder’s art, and

also to see what can be and has been

accomplished in the way of ﬁtting, train-

ing and showing. The trainer and show-

man is as proud of his ability to ﬁt and

show stock to make it look at its best,

as a milliner woman is to trim and Show


the beauty of the latest style of that

crowning female adornment, the lady’s

hat.


It may be well to consider some of the

beneﬁts of following after these high

ideals. We are all proud of the advance—

ments made during the last half century

in the improvement of our live stock.

The change has been so great that it

almost seems as the we were living in

a new world. The surface of the ground,

the bills, the slopes on the hillsides, the

ravines, the plateaus are all the same,

but the stock that crops the rich herbage

in the green pastures and eats the gar-

nered grain .raised to feed for the pur-

pose of making it more serviceable er

marketable, has been so transformed and

improved that it bears but little resemb-

lance to the half fed, half cared for stock


of our forefathers. The old indifferent

looking horses, cattle, sheep and hogs


that were but the representatives of the


primitive races of animals that then

aboundcd are a thing of the past in

many places and the new types of the


improved breeds have taken their places,

as better adapted to our wants as ser-

vants to till the soil, or convert the

abundant crops that are raised on the

farms into a marketable product.


The skill of the breeder, the feeder,

the trainer and exhibitor has had much

to do in making this improvement. The

iiiccting in competition for prizes offered

has stimulated to great effort to match

and surpass the competitors. Seeing the

animals that are the result of the effort

and skill of the breeders, for scores of

years, put in fine form by the skill of the

feeder and adorned by the art of trainer

and showman has done much to stimulate

a desire on the part of the farmers to

possess some of the same kind. All of the


bcnctits dorivcd from showing stock are

not covered by the prizes won. It helps

to encourage the adoption of a better

class of leck on the farms. To the


thotful and enterprising class of onlook-

ers and sight beholdcrs at the fairs, the

stock is not cxz'tggerated, but is consid-

ered to be of the “real stuff,” in an im-

proved form, dressed up for show.

“'ayne 00. N. A. CLAPP.


I wish I could get a rooﬁng that would

stay waterproof. First my kitchen roof

leaks; then the barn: then the carriage-

house. ’l‘hev need ollo continual looking

after. Can‘t you recommend some kind

of rooﬁng that will do away with this

trouble? AGGRAVATED.


You didn’t say what your troublesome

roof was—but presume it was shingles.

Genasco Ready Rooting will certainly do

away with leaks. It is made of Trinidad


.ake asphalt, and. as you know, that is

the greatest “‘1lt‘FDlOOftI‘ known. It not

only waterproofs, but it is impervious to

all kinds of weathel—thc hot sunshiny

days as well as the wet stormy seasons.

Another thing: It is a splendid ﬁre-re—

sister, so that there is a sense of security

when one’s farm buildings are all cov-

ered with this material. Would advise

you to write the Barber Asphalt Paving

Company Philadelphia, for the “Good

Roof Guide Book” which they will send

gratuitously


EasyasRo


pl ac

beari

kinds 0


wagon pull: a horse up hill;

3 big load draw no end of


the date of last greasing.


and try it.


sE‘P'r 4 19b9,


tier


There’s

an Axle

lubricant

so full of


ﬂip, and g0,

and smoothness,

that it takes the 7


e of roller

ngs for all


'f ho rse-drawn ‘


l 7 @vehicles.


MICA


AXLE i

GREASE


And a trial of it means constant use ever after.

Mica Axle Grease «won't make an empty


It’s


but it will make

per cent easier.


It' s a friction killer and a horse saver; and

it wears so well that it 8 hard to remember


Ask your dealer for Mica Axle Grease


STANDARD OIL COMPANY

(Incorporated)


Stud.


or Cattle


Every bottle of Caustic

Wax-ranted. to give satisfacti

per bottle. Sold by dru gi

press, charges paid, with 111

use. Bend for descriptive

nills,etc. Addre


Horse Ovvners


Look to your interests and use

the safest, speediest and most

positive cure for ailments of

your horses, for which an ex-

ternal remedy can be used, viz:


GOMBAULT’S

CAUSTIC BALSAM


b'Prepared exclusively


J E. Gombnult ex—

beterinar

the Franc


SUPERSEDES ALI. CAUTERY 0R FIRING.


Impossible to produce any scar or blemish.

The safest: best Blister ever used. Takes the


ace of all liniments for mild or severe action.

Elemoves all Bunches or Blemishes from Horses


1'11] LAWRENCE-WIZLIAKS GOIPANY, Cleveland, Ohio


Surgeon to

Government


Balsam sold is

on. Price 8150

sts or sent by ex-

1 directions for its

circulars, testimo-


‘ .


If You Use


Save time and money


out. and will alway

I I put. on and take

EVI‘?

{cure sore sho


No More Sore Shoulders on Horses


This Collar

by buying an Adjustable


Hamelcss Metal Horse Collar; can’t wear


3 keep its shape; easy to

oil; better and cheaper.


Will positively prevent and


u lders. Greatest i111-


provcnicnt in horse collars in last 100 years. Ask

your dcult‘l‘ for them. Write today for Free Catalog,


Johnston-Slocum 00.. 202 State St, Caro. Mich.


. . 0r Money Re!


MW“. 00 per can at. dealers.

or express paid. 18 years


sale.


unded.


NEWTON’S


"city 0. Cough and.

Distemper Cure.


Send for booklet,


' ' ‘ Ho eT ouble .

T111: NEWTON REMEDYZSo o. r'1‘1 S


o ledo


TELL ME

YOUR

Let me tell on, FREE,


roof troubles or keeps.


root troubles in your fe t 2‘?


tin or iron roofs.

ing made—for sound roofs.


ANDERSON, “The ll

Dept. 30

PLEASE MENTION THE MI


ROOF TROUBLES.


how to cure your

ROOF- -FIX cures

avel, shingle. steel,


The longest-lived roof-dress-


Get my new free


book about roofs and rooﬁng. Write to


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Elyrla, 0M0


CHIGAN FARMER.


when you are writing to advertisers.
. .. 4....


f SEPT. 4, 1909. ,

NECREBACILLOSIs—A NEW DISEASE.


The officials of the Bureau of Animal

Industry have a new ﬁeld of activity thru

the announcement of a new disease dis-

covered among the sheep of Wyoming

known as the lip and leg disease. The

complaint 3 known among scientists as

necrobacillosis, but with the advent, of

the ailment in Wyoming it was nicknamed

lip and leg disease, because of the parts

of the animal affected. It has no relation

with the hoof and mouth disease which

raged in'a number of the eastern states

during the past year. Ofﬁcials of the

Department of Agriculture say they are

at a loss to know how the disease became

so widespread in W'yoming as, so far as

known, it was not brot here from any

other country. It is probable, they ex-

plain, that a single animal came into

contact with other cattle in transporta-

tion, and that the others became infected

in the cars where slight scratches of the

skin are almost unavoidable. \


By Secretary Wilson’s orders eight

counties of Wyoming have been placed

under stringent quarantine, which effec-

tively shuts off trade in cattle from the

infected counties. The counties under

the ban lie in the section where most 01

the \Vyoming sheep are raised.


Washington, D. C. G. E. M.


LIVE STOCK NOTES.


The American Beef Producers’ Associa-

tion, an organization whose sole aim will

be to stimulate a larger production of

beef cattle in the far west and south-

west, was organized in the Saddle and

Sirloin Club rooms in Chicago a few days

ago. The headquarters will be in Den-

ver, and statistics and good reasons for

producing beef cattle will be sent to

farmers of Colorado, Wyoming, New

Mexico and northern Texas. Thousands

of the new settlers are turning to dairy-

ing, and efforts are to be made to induce

them to produce steers for beef markets,

as well as to furnish feeders to be ﬁn-

ished by the corn belt farmers. The sue-.-

culent grass’es are adapted for making

a good grade of beef, and it is believed

that farmers will be able to make good

proﬁts by taking up the industry. J. F.

I’rather, president of the American Short-

liorn lli‘eeders’ Association, is the presi-

dent of the new organization, and vice

presidents are the presidents of the Six

leading pure—bred cattle breeding asso-

ciations. W. E. Skinner, of Denver, was


' elected secretary, and the ofﬁcers named


will constitute the executive committee.

The American National Live Stock Asso-

ciation was asked to join in a call for a

beef conference in Denver for the second

week of next January. William E. Skin-

ner, widely known as the manager for

years of the International Live Stock

Exposition in Chicago, before his removal


to Colorado, has been prominently iden-'


titled in this new movement, and he is

intensely interested in the enterprise. He

says the intermountain states are fast

being settled by people of the east and

southwest, many of whom have never

and experience in beef production. There

.II‘C many of them who are going into

:lairying because the, colleges of the west

and business interests are strivng to that

end, that the production of dairy products

in the west may grow and beef production

decrease, “Conditions have changed

greatly in the west during the past ten

years,” ’says Mr. Skinner. “This year,

for example, only 110,000 cattle have gone

from Texas to the northwestern ranches

In comparison to the many thousands

more which went over the same route a.

few years ago, and eventually found a

market in the east. Two-thirds of the

range has already been broken up and

lost to cattle breeding and grazing, and

the time is ripe for the founding an or-

ganizaion which will induce the new Set-

tlers to raise cattle for the market and

eventually proﬁt thereby to a. much

greater extent than can he done by con-

tinuing in the dairy industry. Colorado

today is producing hardly enough beet

for its own consumption, and With the

settlement of the, other intermountain

states in the next few years the same

conditions will exist there. If we can ad-

vise the new settlers of the modern meth-

ods of beef production and encourage

early maturity of cattle we will have ad-

vanced the interests of pure-bred breed-

ing associations of the country and also

will have performed a work which the

settlers of the west will long appreciate.”


The promised good corn crop points to

a later marketing of hogs than last year

and more pounds of products for next

winter. In most parts of the corn belt

farmers are so conﬁdent of~full corn

cribs that there is a general demand for

steel: hogs for maturing purposeS, but

Very few are offered for sale by their

fortunate owners. This accounts for the

extremely small numbers of pigs offered

in Chicago and other western markets at

the present time. Naturally, farmers

with cribs full of corn will realize the

advantages to be derived from converting

corn into meats, and hence a sharp oe-

t-line in the marketing of immature stock

mav be expected for the remainder of the

Yea}, Last autumn IllinOis, Indiana,

Michigan, \Viseonsin and other states

marketed enormous numbers of little

pigs, and now farmers_w1sh they had

held on, for the resulting shortage of

hogs has made unusually high prices ev-

erywhere.


The demand for stocker and feeder


‘n Chicago and other western cat—

fﬁztttgai‘kets is gradually widening out as

farmers realize the splendid corn crop

that is now almost assured. As usuad,

buyers who buy early and thereby aVOi


'C.yi ,


t


THE , MICHIGAN FARMER.

' ’ I! U "M


.//

ﬂ; /’

5/ /

/;


itillltll

//


// //%’ /4/

a é/Z/r/C


Pork and Profit

15


ho ’3 di e .

regceivegand put to use a large food ration. This IS “The Dr. Hess Idea” of feed


along this line has come _


farrowed.” his IS not an impossibility—on the contrary it’s easy to do.


you are feeding hogs for profit, aim to keep them growing every minute of every day, from the time they’re


,w/ ,1??? -/_‘~i--~I-nnmmmmtilllt”WW/i W ’/ I \\

ﬁzz; 4 tillllJ/ﬂt/tllltlttttt)@

//3: j. '


It is simply a matter of keeping the


stivc apparatus in a normal healthy condition, and appetite keen and sharp, so thatthe ho will steadily


ing and from successfu experiments


DB- HESS STOCK FWD


-—an animal tonic which every feeder needs to make his work successful.


medical authorities have always recommended as beneficial to the stoma


It contains elements which

ch and the digestive function.


It regulates the bowels and expels oisonous matter from the system enabelin the animal to resist


the poisonous germs of disease.


100 lbs. $5.00 3 Except in Canada and Extreme

West and South. Smaller

L25 “D- pull $1.60. quantiﬁis at a slight advance.

Also Manufacturers 0


from the 1st to the mm of each month—Dr. Hess M. .,

will prescribe for our ailing animals. His oil-page Veter-

inary Book rec for the asking. Send 2c stamp

and mention this paper.


o


' _ Somethin to make

DR. HESS POULTRY PAN A-cE-A anemia...“

makes good health and large production second nature. to' the fowl.


Except in Canada and Extreme'West and South.

Send 2c forlDr: Hess 48-page Poultry Book, free.


ILDBR’


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MANUFACTURIO DY


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'DETROIT' MICH. ‘-


No Better Safeguard Against Cholera. No Surer Way to KIII

Lice and Promote Health, Thrift and Profit.


USE KRESO DIP N9!


FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS.


Write for free booklets about Dipping-Tanks and Wallows. with directions for using Kreso Dip

No. 1 on ALL LIVE STOCK. Full of really valuable information.


PARKE, DAVIS & co.


DEPARTMENT or ANIMAL INDUSTRY. DETROIT, MICH.

r .SILO FILLING" chitifg’fii’ "

MACHINERY '


Machines for the

, past 59 years have

. _ proved beyond

Made in sizes to suit all wants. SOLD » the expectation

ON THEIR OWN MERITS. Buy them.

try them. and only then do we expect ,

5 9 settlement.


:“ of every pur-

._ chaser


EXPERIENCE MAKES


YEARS . PERFECT.

EXPERIENCE ' Evﬁé’s's bé‘dii't i:

Largest manufactur- a satisfied cus-


tomer.

‘ ‘ Our catalogue

shows the most

,7 ' complete line of

' Silo Filling Machinery on

‘ the market. Don’t forget the


Ross SILO.


ers of Ensilage Ma.-

chinery in the world.

ROSS CUTTERS ARE

‘ GUARANTEED.


Write to-day for FREE Catalog.


The B. W. ROSS (30.. Box 14. Springﬁeld, Ohio.


sense a food. but a tonic preparation to put in food: Dr? Hess Poultry Pan-a-ce-a is the present day foundation of all suc-

cessful poultry culture. 'It acts directly“ on the hen’s digestive apparatus; quilckens ap etite; increases: assimilation an

t'cures


penny’s worth feeds 30 hens one day. Sold on a written-guarantee.

1% “3.250.; mall or express 40c; 5 lbs. 60c.; 12 lbs. $1.25: 25 lb. poll $2.50.


ii‘irtt‘iiiﬁ‘S'TANCH. 1


Open or Shut-It’s Always Locke


Stays where you put it-and easily "put” without taking 03 your

gloves or mittens. Only smooth, polished hardwood touches the ani-

mal—no metal, no splinters—~yet the steel latch. the blind bolts and

the solid construction make it the STRONGEST. SAFEST and MOST


Box 13. Monroe Mich.


“’ i /


/ i Zyg h / DURABLE stanchion at any price. The most convenient fastening for

I § _ , h , < you—the most. comfortable for your cows. Keeps your stable clean


( \\ ”Q ml caves feed. saves your time and means SOLIDSA’I‘ISFACTION olI

n, i‘ ,> t , v . ,3 your round-summer and winter. Money back if you say so.

XV A .12 % A y . . \é WRITE TODAY for catalog and factory price to you.


i M i 2 . , g ‘ i wuman srnouo IMPLEMENT 00.

j, .5.» ;. stems Reafﬁrms J has/cesﬁws


old on a written guarantee and fed twice a ay in small doses.

DR.HESS&.CLARK _

Ashland. Ohio.


r. Hess Pan-a-cea and Instant Louse Killeg.)Frec


the hens in better. To help young

her and old owls to fat quick‘er. InYno


apes, Cholera,. Roup, etc, A


You Can’t Cut Out


A BOG SPAVIN, PUFF 01'

THOROUGHI’IN, but:


will clean them off pormanentl , and

you work the horse came time. {)003

not; blister or remove the hair. Will

tell you more if you write. $2.00 per

bottle at d' on or deliv'd.Book 4Dfree.


ABSOR E, JR.. for mankind.

7- $1 bottle. Reduces VuricoseVeins,Var-

icocelo, Hydrocele Ruptured Muscles or Liga-

manta. Enlarged élands. Alleys pain quickly.

W. F. YOUNG. P.0.f.. 268 Temple St" Springfield. lass.


A 25c Box for 40


DR. FAIR'S NEW


tough & Heave


REMEDY


If you have never tried Dr. Fair’s New Cough

and Heavo Remedy send 46 for a regular 25c

box—12 doses. enough for 6 days’ treatment.


30 Days’ Treatment (‘ii’yoiiiiii’ S l .00

on. FAIR VETERINARY REMEDY comm.


DR. W. C. FAIR. V. 5..

5112-5714 Carnngle Avenue, Cleveland. Ohio.


#09th lo the Stomach

, Worms Guaranteed. ’


We will send you 100 lbs. of DR.

' HOLLAND'H )IEIHCA'I‘ED STOCK

SALT on 60 tlnys' trial, freight

prepaid. If you derive no benc-

tit, it costs you nothing: if you

do it costs you $5.00. Give us

your order at once.


The HOLLAND STOCK REMEDY

COMPANY. Wellington. Ohio.


PERFECTION SWING STANOHIOII,


with frame. fitted to Sta-

ble. Wax-ranted the BEST

on the market. Sold on 30

days trial. Also Perfection

Water Basin, Steel Stall

and Manger Partitions.

Litter and Feed Carriers.

Send for 20-page Booklet.

Baton a. Swm Spool-ﬂy

Min. 00.. Box B. Cuba. N. V.


WHEN writing to advertisers just any “Saw

your ad. in the Michigan Farmer."
170: (6)1


the rush of later buying orders will be

the fortunate ones, and already prices are

headed in an upward direction, particu-

larly for the better claSs of these cattle.“

The demand now takes in stock cattle

for shipment in all direcions, as well as

good feeders, altho the demand has been

checked to some extent by the dry

weather in the east. For several months

many farmers have avoided reﬁlling their

feed lots, owing to the fact that they had

found cattle feeding unproﬁtable at the

high prices prevailing for corn, but the

importance of maintaining the fertility

of the land was ignored, and many former

cattle feeders are ready to try their luck

again, the outlook for proﬁts being much

better, as in all probability corn will sell

at much lower prices than for a year

past. It is believed that live stock feed-

ing will be much more proﬁtable from

now on than it has been for the last six

months, and the abundance of forage is

an important factor just now.


Idaho range lambs in enormous num-

bers have been headed for Chicago re~

cently, and while the demand for dressed

lambs has not abated in the least, prices

for live lambs have undergone sharp de-

clines. These great changes fail to affect

retail quotations, and lamb meat sells as

high as ever in the markets of the coun-

try. The Idaho lambs are. being market-

ed in prime condition this season. and

few feeder lambs are seen. But for the

Idaho lambs this year. lamb meat in the

east would be very scarce. In Kentucky

the recent appearance of a bad case of

scab has necessitated placing that state

under a ban temporarily, stopping ship-

ments of southern lambs where the dis-

ease is prevalent. In \Vyoming there has

been an outbreak in several counties of

“lip and leg" disease. and government

officials are using strenuous measures to

eradicate it as quickly as possible. The

feeder problem this ycar is a serious one,

and indications point to a mutton famine,

Since the ranges appear to be short on

lambs on the feeding order. The time

has come for farmers to buy breeding

rants and cwcs of a superior grade and

go to work breeding lambs freely for the

market. Carried on intelligently, the in-

dustry will pay.


A great scarcity of choice corn-fed cat-

tle is shown in recent, receipts at Chicago

and other markets, resulting in further

sharp advances for such offerings. This

rise is encouraging farmers to, go into

cattle feeding onet» more, and further

advances in t'ccl‘cr cattle may be expcctd

as the season advances. Some weeks ago

heavy homes were neglected and sold at a

markcd discount, with little yearlings

that were, fut selling much the highest.


Opportunity


WE regard every consignment, large or small, as an opportunity to make a

permanent customer.


In other words, we aim to handle your shipments .of cattle, hogs

or sheep so satisfactorily that you Will feel that it is to your interest to con-

tinue to consign to us. , . . .


Our business is organized, manned and equipped with one object in VleW,

and that is to render our customers absolutely the best service obtainable. There-

fore it is money in your pocket to consign to us.


If you want feeding cattle or sheep, place your orders with us, and save money,

trouble and time. Our expert buyers at Nine Markets are at your serv1ce.


Now this is changcd. and fancy l,7~lU-ll).

steers have sold in the Chicago market

for $7.80 per lot) lbs.


Several days ago the Indiana experi-

ment station at Lafayette marketed at

(hit-ago a car load of prime Still-lb. Angus

ycarhng steers at $7.75 per 100 lbs. They

were fed during the last winter on Shelled

corn, cottonseed mcal and clover hay.

lhcy were purchased in Howard countv,

ilﬁgssourrt ll? calves November 17, when


ry cos .75 )cr 100 lbs. .' ' '7

having been isollbs, per hciulimw “elbht


The lcading‘ seller employed by one of

the largest sheep commission ‘tirms in

the Unitcdvrltates. in a recent letter to

shccpmcn, tells them plainly that the

mutton trade calls nearly exclusively

this year for spring lambs, and sheep

are neglected. In nearly cycrv retail

meat market customers insist upon buv-

ing lamb meat, and cvcn litllc yearlings

on the lamb order, formerly so‘popular,

now have to be disposed of at a much

greater discount than a year ago.

At this time there are many conjec-

tures as to the future of the hog and

provision trades, and people are wonder-

ing what prices will prevail next winter.

There has been a good deal of comment

recently on the fact that the next Jan-

uary options on pork, lard and ribs have

bccu practically the same prices as \vcrc

paid on the (‘hicago lioard of ’l‘radc

a your ago. l.a.<t January the best price

paid for hogs was $6.70 at the Chicago


stock yards. lt scclns reasonable to (av;

pcct good prices: for hogs as those «it?


last winlcr. but as high prices as have‘

been ruling this suuuucr are hardly

probable, (in the oilc hand, there is a

scarcity of hogs and short stocks of pro—

yisions. (In thc olhcr hund, priccs for

both hogs and provisions are extraordi—

narily high, and the packers Show a dis—

position to restrict their operations

largely to cutting up hogs for the fresh

local, trudc and to unit for lower—priced

swine for cutting up into curcd meats.

leVcry advance in hogs is contested, and

whechcr there is a large number mark-

cll'd prices are sure to decline.


Regarding the prospects for the cattle

trade a (‘hicugo livc stock commission

iirm advises its country patrons as fol-

i‘ows: “'l‘hc big rains all over the west

have practically assured the growing corn

crop. They also insurc grass for several

Weeks and 'havc put a healthier tone to

the whole euttlc markcl. Buyers ac—

knowledge that the light rcceipts of corn-

fcd cattle seen here the last two weeks

mean that the country is absolutely

clcuncd out of good cattle. Buyers can

now afford to bid up priccs and they

umllulbtcdly will. if for no other reason

but to induce cattle feeders t--\'cl‘,\'Wllcl'c

to put in cattle. \Vc would not be sur-

prised to see $8 paid for prime stccrs

before September 1. This does not refer

to gross (‘utllth Thcl'c is little if any

hope for them for thc remainder of the

season, as they'will have to compete

with the range cattle and buyers prefer

the rangers to the natives because of

their superior killing qualities.


Farmers will ﬁnd it :1 paying policy to

give their cattle, in preparation for the

future market, rations of corn, even if

corn is selling high. The spread in

prices between fat corn-fed beeves and

grass-fed stock is very wide and is more

than likely to extend still further, owing

to the greater inﬂux from now on of


FREE—Get Our Illustrated Weekly Market Paper ’ . g


of the nine markets where we have houses, fill ‘ "Im. {gentleman I .11....“

out the coupon, or give us the same information ’ uuuaboutlm

' ‘ htho................market. Please send me (free) yttmr woagg

In a letter, and we Wlll send you (free) our ~ LI :STOLK REPORT and other market in Dunn.


. me......... nu...- n.-"unnuunuunu...-


“LIVE STOCK REPORT”—-—a ﬁne twelve-page . \D P...


illustrated (weekly) market, live stock and farm “HM“


. . . . State... ..... ..

newspaper. Write us for any spec1al information you - \. ( MF . )

want. Address us at whatever market you expect to ship to, \'


or, if undecided, address 'our Chicago office.


' LIVE STOCK COMMISSION


Chicago South Omaha Kansas City Denver Sioux City South St. Joseph

South St. Paul East Buffalo East St. Louis


Serolobbers, WhOlesalers and Dealers Proﬁts.

Buy Farm Trucks and Wagons


1 Direct from Factory at manufacturers cost with but ONE small percent profit added.


Don’t fail to secure our

prices. We defy com-

petition either in price

or quality and guaran-

tee to save you from $5

‘ to $15 on every gear.


Strictly high grade in

every particular.

Double truss rods to

axles.


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A card will bring catalog showing different styles and capacities. also prices that will surprise you. DO IT NOW.

' Yours for superior quality,


grass-fed cattle from southern pastures,

and northern ranges.


,HILLSDALE TRUCK {’5 WAGON C0.. Hillsdale. Mich.


If you intend to ship stock to, or buy feeders at, any .’ hobinson & Co..


u...” . .-
Mi"


SEPT. 4, 1909. ‘ .


VYYYVVVVYYVVYYVVVYVYYVVY'.


"POULTRYl-I'BEES:


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IDENTIFYING THE CHICKEN MITE

OR POULTRY TICK. .


In an article appearing in this depart—

ment three weeks ago, the so—cailed

chicken mite, together with methods

of combatting it, were described. This

week we present /a reprodmtion of TI.

carefully executed pen drawing showing

ventral and dorsal views of the little pest

by the aid of which it should be easily

possible for any reader who possesses a

fairly good magnifying glass to identify

it. Remember that these drawings are

50 times the size of the adult insect.


Some poultry authorities hold that the

term mite should be applied only to the

itch mite which causes scaly leg in fowls.

designating the pest above referred to as

the poultry tick. The illustration shows

that this tick has four pairs of legs and

these enable it to move quite rapidly

from place to place. It should not be

confused with the common white louse

which frequently infests poultry as it is

shorter and differs from it in color. The

tick is light gray, having numerous

Small dark spots which show thru the


Ventral and Dorsal VieWs of Chicken Mite


skin on its back. When engorged with

the blood of its Victims it shows a more

or less distinct reddish tinge. The chicken

louse, on the other hand, is yellowish—

whitc in color.


FEEDING MEAT TO GROWING FOWLS.


Much has been-written and conjured

as to the actual results of feeding raw

meat to poultry, especially to growing

chicks It is generally understood that

it is one of the best feeds that can be

given to chicks to make them grow

quickly and develop in the most desirable

manner. A student at Michigan Agricul—

tural College, who is more or less inter—

cstcd in poultry, performed an experi-

ment last spring to try to decide this

much-mooted question, at least to the

satisfaction of his own mind. I have been


much interested in the results and think

that the readcl‘s of The Farmcr Will be

likewise, hence will brifly describe Mr.


K. D. Van‘Vagcncn’s experiment.


The object was to determine the meta-

bolization (breaking down) of nitrogen

in a ration consisting entirely of grain

as compared with that in one consisting

and raw meat, and to demon—

strate the comparative effects of these

two rations on the health, growth and

general condition of the fowls.


The fowls selected were \Vhite Leghorn

cockcrcls about one month old and as

nearly the same size as possible. The

experiment was to run ten days, and the

cock-crels were put in two adjacent 4x6-

ft. pcns in the incubator house. The

ﬂoors of the pens were Cchrt‘d with re,-

movablc tar paper so that the droppings

could be caught and welghcd. For four

days previous to the ﬁrst measuring 01

the feed and droppings they were put on

a preliminary feed intcndcd to gradually

them off the green outdOor feed to

which they had been accustomed and on

to the dry indoor feed to which they were

abOut to be subjected. This preliminary

feeding began with a small amount of

grain mash and large amounts of chopped

onions (as a substitute for green feed),

and ended with no onions and entire

mash. The mash consisted of corn meal

and bran in the proportion of 20 lbs. of

bran to 30 lbs. of corn meal.


The ﬁrst feed was made on May 29,

when it was weighed and fresh tar papers

weighed and put down. Pen A received,

during the 24 hours, 550 grams of mash;

pen B, 202 grams of raw Hamburger


of grain


~stelatk‘and 250 grams of mash.


THE M'rCH'IGAN ‘FARMER.


The next

morning samples of the droppings in each

pen were taken—as nearly composite

samples as possible—and the total weight

of the droppings found by reweighing the

tar papers. Fresh weighed papers were

again put down to catch the droppings

for the next 24 hours. A sample of the

meat fed the previous day had been saved

and preserved by the addition of a few

drops of 40 per cent formalin. These

three samples were kept in air-tight jars.

..‘his process was repeated thruout the

ten-day period. The same amount of feed

was not given every day, as it was de—

sired that they get enough to clean up

nicely and no more, and it seemed that

the fowls’ appetites varied considerably.

Further, the meat supply was irregular,

as it came daily from the butcher, who

sometimes forgot to send it or the de-

liveryman forgot to leave it. As no

means of keeping a large amount on hand

was accessible, this daily supply had to

be resorted to, necessitating daily

analyses.


The above description of methods will

be interesting to the poultryman or


farmer only in that it gives him a kind

of idea as to the method of procedure.

What we, as poultrymcn, are after, is the

results that will guide Us in our feeding

and more


of chicks mature fowls. The


or Poultry Tick, Enlarged 50 Diameters.


chemical analyscs of the feeds and

crcta will not interest us outside of know—

ing that the work has been properly ac-

complishcd.


Conclusions from the Experiment.


\Ve may draw some conclusions from

the results of this experiment that will

be of practical use to the farmer and

poultryman. The first and most striking

one is that raw meat, in such quantities

as fed here, produces a very beneﬁcial

growth. This could be noticed both in

tho fowl itself, as it was more active,

had a better covering of fcathcrs, etc.,

than the fowls that wcrc. not fed meat,

and also in the tabulated results which

show that they gaincd much more in

weight.


The second fact observed is that the

meat stimulates digestion and hence is a

valuable addition to a ration because

more is gotten out of the grain fed with


(‘\'—


it. That is, the action is the. same as

that in the. cow when she is fed roots

along with her other fccd. The mixture

seems to be more palatable and there is

a resultant. stimulation to the, excre-

tory glands or veins which produces a

larger flow of milk, or a more rapid

growth and development.


The third is that the meat ration is


more expensive per gram gain, for with

bran at $28 per ton, corn meal at the

same price and mcat at 10c pcr 1b., the

mcat—fcd lot cost .0339 ccnts pcr gram gain

as against, .0306 cents pcr gram gain by

the grain—fed lot. This price of meat

(10c pcr 1b.), is much higher than would

be paid if law meat was fed on a large

, for it could be procured at from

ﬁle to Sc pcr lb. This would bring the

mcal-i‘cd lot in an cqual far as

the meat was concerned. llut it is often

possible to obtain meat on the farm at a

lower rate even than 30 per 1b., cspcc'ally


sca lc


basis so


for feeding to hens in winter. Having

made much more rapid gain (48.3 per

cent as against 20 per cent) in ten days

at practically the same cost pcr gram

gain, the meat ration thus has the ad-

vantage ovcr the grain.


The fourth conclusion is that the nitro-

gen in the ration metabolizes (is broken

up) more rapidly when raw meat is

present than when not. That the meat

proved to be more digestible, either be-

cause of its composition, or ﬂavor, or

both, is shown by the great quantities of

digested nitrogen found in the excreta in

the case of _the meat-fed fowls. This was

also evidenced by the appearance of the


excrement—it was moist and contained

much'larger white areas than that from

the grain-fed poultry. Likely the meat

causes a more rapid breaking down not

only of the nitrogencous parts of the food,

but of all other constituents as Well, and

hence it seems, from the data at hand,

that it was not necessarily the food

value of the meat alone, but some other

principle contained in the meat that

caused the great difference in the growth

of the two lots. In other words, the

meat not only nourishes but stimulates

the digestive organs.

Concerning the Meat Supply.


There is much said about feeding com-

mercial feed stuffs to chicks. I think

this policy is one of the best that can

be adopted unless the poultryman or

farmer can produce satisfactory feed for

young chicks himself, and in many _in-

stances he cannot. Meat is put on the

market in the dry, granulated form, now,

so that it is found almost any place

where poultry supplies are kept. It is as

a rule kept at feed stores and grist mills

in many parts of the country. Here in

the north, in winter, meat which has been

prepared by sending it thru the bone cut-

ter or the meat grinder is one of the

best feeds for the stimulation of egg pro-

duction. Meat, so long as it is meat, that

is, frcsh meat, is all right, and care

should be taken to see that it is fresh.

I had a friend who made it a practice to


look out for old, broken-down horses as

soon as the weather was cold enough


for them to keep as meat. He would buy


them for the express purpose. of feeding

them to the. hens. It paid him well, too.

The revenue from the. hide nearly paid

for the horse, and the lroublc of grinding

the feed was amply repaid by the egg

production. Of course, We can not. all

grind up old nags, but we can keep on

the lookout for cheap meat feed for the

poultry.

Ingham Co. E. B. REID.


KEEPING A FEW BEES.


Any person living upon a farm, or in

the outskirts of a village, will find it a

plcasurc, and a profit, to keep one or

more colonies of bees. Bee culture re-

quires no outlay for land upon which to

raise crops, for as yet there has been no

plant discovered that it pays to plant

for honey alone. The honey bce is a.

benefactor to our race, roaming the fields

at will, gathering honey and pollen, which

it pays for in the fertilization of the flow-

ers. It takes nothing from the fertility

of the. soil, but givrs to it one of the

greatest fertilizers kno\vn——tlic clovcrs—

which would become extinct if it were

not for the bces' work in fcrlilizing the

bloom. No land is required cxccpt a spot

on which to place the hives.


'l‘hc fcar of stings i think prevents

many from liking thc work, and yct, when

properly protected with a bcc vcil, work—

ing only in the. warm part of the day,

never when cloudy, rainy, or cold,

with the use of a good smoker, one need

rarely be stung. In many cascs the sting

of a bee is attended with much pain and

othcrs there are no ill

effects prodtu-cd. 'l‘hcrc is no doubt that

the system can innurcd to

the poison so that no bad effects are pro-

(lllcctl.


i know there is a sort of im-

pression that bees will sling sonn- pcoplc


swelling, while in


soul] llt'l‘lllilt‘


currcnt


more than others. \Vhilc this is truc, it

is not because they are ablc to rccognizo

any peculiar physical condition or differ—


cncc, nor is it. bccausc one pcrson smells

to the. bees differently from another. it

is because thcy notice a difl‘crcncc in be-


havior in diflfcrcnl pcrsons. Avoid quick

motions, do not breathe upon lhcin, and

if there are other bccs [lying about in

search of plunder, do not lcavc the hive

opcn too long. In case of accidcnts the.

sn’iokcr should be. used freely, and it ought

to be at hand for any manipulation in

the. apiary. lt is lnucli easier to prevent

the anger of bees than to check it after

it has begun.


l\l:1ny pcoplc have kcpt bccs but did

not succeed on account of the moth—

worm; but worms Vcl‘y rarely, if ever,

destroy a colony of bees in a normal

condition. A. colony of bccs having a

defective. quccn, or no quccn at all, Will

sooner or later succumb to the. awful


enemy unless hclpcd by the apiarist. A

colony of bees will no more survive with-

out a quccn than plants will thrive with-


out sunshine and moisture.

New Jersey. F. G. HERMAN.


Millions of Acres of Public Land


“Given away in Oregon by Uncle Sam—-

When—How—thre”——Write for this free

booklet, containing full particulars. Doug-

las County Abstract Co., Roseburg, Ore.


l


. hat iiils

You?


Do you feel weak, tired, despondent,

have frequent headaches, coated tongue,

bitter or bad taste in morning, “heart-

burn," belching of gas, acld risings in

throat after eating, stomach gnaw or

burn, foul breath, dizzy spells, poor or

variable appetite, nausea at times and

kindred symptoms?


If you have any considerable

number of the above symptoms

you are suffering from biliousness.

torpid liver with indigestion. or dys-

pepsia. Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical

Discovery is made up of the most

valuable medicinal principles known to

medical science for the permanent

cure of such abnormal conditions. It

is a most efficient liver invigorator.


l


stomach tonic. bowel regulator and

nerve strengthener.


The “Golden Medlcal Disc0very” is not a

patent medicine or secret nostrum, a full

list of its ingredients being printed on

Its bottle-wrapper and attested under

oath.. A glance at these will show that it

contains no alcohol, or harmful habit-

fo'rmmg drugs. lt is a fluid extract made

wtth pure, triple-refined glycerine, of

proper strength, from the roots of native

American medical, forest plants. World’s

Dispensary Medical Association, Props.,

Buffalo, N. Y.


‘\/ ‘\/ \\ Strongos t

7”!!- 1/”.- Medea—I

\\ 'A\\\L,.\\\ - Made of ngh Carbon coiled wire. We

\ \ \ have no agents. Selldlrect to user at;

Al/vA/la’ factory prlcos on 30 do I free trial.

\ 7 We pay all freight. Cata 0g shows 37

\\ '9‘ “\vﬁe \\ . styles and helg its of farm and poultry

- fence. It's free. Buy direct. \Vrlte today


'7”/\-“’7”<'7> .- contra SPRING FENCE co. -

“72“»;- m, Box 21 WINCHESTER. INDIANA.


and .


15 Gents :1 Rod]


For a. 22—inch Hog Fence; 16c for

26—inch; 19c for 31-inch; 2:3 l-2c

for 34-inch; 270 for a. 47-inch

. Farm Felice. 60-lnch Poultry

Fence 87c. LoWest. prices ever

‘ made. Sold on 30 da 3 trlal.

Catalog free. W rite forlt today.

1%" KITSELMAN 8805..

Box 278. MUNCIE. IND.


L... .._


wood f

Ornamental Iron Fence 1......on....:....,c.:.f

clerics Public Grounds. Also Wrought Iron li‘cucu. Catalogue

free. 'rite for special (Dﬂ'cr.

THE WARD FENCE 00.. Box 677. Decatur. Ind.


‘7 T' ‘ several pairs of old and young

‘N Ah 1 White Muscova Ducks. Also White

(lilna Geese. Must be good. State prices and num-

ber to spare. E. J. HASKINS, Plttaford, Mlch.


—Eggs for hatch-

Barrod Plymouth Rocks in... pm. 15 for

51:26 for 31.50; 50 for $2.50: :4 per hundred. Bellanc-

tlon guaranteed. Colon C. Llllle. (,‘oopersvllle. Mich.


q (‘t BLACK Mlnorca eggs at $1.50 per setting of

k . J. 15. P. (l. Pigs singly or in pairs of the best

R. W. lVllLLS. Snllnc. Mich.


ARGAINQ in S. C. Brown Leghorns. 100 year-


ling hens 31 each. best (look In Mich. First comes


gets the pick. Order from this ad. Satisfaction.

FRED MOTT. Lansing. Michlzan.


breeding.


ILVER Laced Golden and Whlte Wyandottea, 500

line breeders to select from after Oct. 1. Watch our

ad. for bargains. C. \V. Browning, Portland, Mich.

. been breeding them con-

Wlllle Wyalldoues, tluuoualy since 1895.


A. Franklin Smith, R. 14‘. D. No.9, Ann Arbor, Mlch.


SINGLE 00MB WHIIE LEGHOBNﬁgﬁﬁﬁﬁfﬁ‘ﬁ‘;


91:26 for $1.50: 50 for $2.50; 84 per hundred. Satisfac-


tion guaranteed. Colon C. Lillie. Coopersvllle, Mich.

DOGS.


irox AND WOLF HOUNDS


of the best English strains In Amerl.

ca; 40 years experience In breeding

these fine bounds for my own sport;

I now offer them for sale.


Send stamp for Catalogue.

T. B. HUDSPETII. Blblly. llckson to“ Mo.


VFRAINED FOX BOUNDS and Bound Pups

. for huntlng fox and coons. Also Collies a Ferrets.

W. E. Lecky, Holmeavllle. Ohio.


FERRETS.


4,000 LIGHT Illll DIRK FERRETS


Catalog free. C. J. DIl‘IlCK. Rochester, Ohlo.


Inclose 2c stamp.


Please mention the l'llchigun Farmer when

writing to advertisers.
172- ‘m'

The Michigan Farmer"


ESTABLISH-BF 1843.

THE LAWRENCE PUBLISHING (20.,

EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.

’9 '° ‘5 Muir-W W


NEW YORK OFFICE—725 Temple Court Building.

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M. J. LAWRENCE .................................. President.

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LAWRENCE. .. .........Secretary.


P. T. LAWRENCE ................ ,...,.......Treasurer.

I. B. WATEBBURY Associate

0. E. YOUNG ............. "I Editors.

BURT WERMUTH


E. E. ’HOUGHTON ................... .Buslness Manager.

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W No lottery, quack doctor or swindling adver-

tisements inserted at any price.


Entered as second class matter at the Detroit.

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COPYRIGHT I909.

by the Lawrence Pub. Co. All persons are warned

against reprinting any portion of the contents

of this issue without our written permission.


WE GUARANTEE to stop THE

MICHIGAN FARMER Immediately

upon expiration of time subscribed

for, and we will pay all expenses.for

defending any suit, brot against

any subscriber to The Michigan

Farmer by the publisher of any farm

paper, which has been sent after the

time ordered has expired, prowdin'g

due notice is sent to us, before Still.

is started. ‘


Avoid further trouble, by refusmg

to subscribe for any farm paper

which does not print, in each issue,

a definite guarantee to stop on expir-

ation of subscription.


The Lawrence Pub. Co.,


Detroit, Mich.


DETROIT. SEPT. 4. I909.


OUR FREE PREMIUMS.


We are offering a choice lot of prem-

iums free with a one, two, three or ﬁve

year subscription. A premium list goes

to each subscriber this week. W'e trust

they will be carefully read. 0110' of our

objects in sending them out now is to

have as many of our present subscribers

who will renew before their prosont time

expires so that there will not be such a.

rush about the ﬁrst of the year. Another

reason is that thc prcmiums are offercd

for small clubs and this is a good time

to raise small clubs and got their choice

of premiums bcfore we got out of any of

them. .


Any present subscriber may send his

rcncwal now and his time will be ex-

tended from his present date. Trial sub-

scribers who rcncw before their time is

out, will be cxtcndcd from January 1st.

On receipt of the premium booklet which

is mailed this week, ploasc look it over

carci‘ully.


Fivc ycars and a prcmium for $2.00 is

a splendid offcr. Premium is the same

as is offcrcd for a thrcc—ycar subscription.


CURRENT COMMENT.


In a rcccnt issue, under


Does Farming the heading, “A Worthy

Pay? Ambition," wc quoted


and commcntcd upon a


prominent Michigan farmer's vich upon

this important question. It will be re-

mcmbcrcd by thc reader that this gentle—

man said that his highest ambition in

life was to make farming profitable, and

that when his attention was called to the

prcscnt comparative prosperity of the

farmers of this country hc explained that

his ambition was to make farming prof-

itable as a busincss invcstmcnt, and dc-

clarcd that while the avcragc farmer

made a good living and a little compe-

tence for the proverbial “rainy day,” he

did it in most cases by ovcrworking him-

sclf and his family rather than as a.

legitimate proﬁt on his invcstment Iin

agriculture. Those who arc familiar With

actual conditions will rccognize at once

that thcre is a foundation of truth in

thesc statements. and while we may have

little to complain of in present condi-

tions, yet owing to the common impres-

sion among those who follow other call-

ings that the farmers as a class are

reaping more than a fair share of the

prosperity of our country, a little further


I THE: MacHIGAN" FARMER.


inquiryalong this line may. be profits-"tile.


Fortunately we have reliable data at

hand directly bearing upon this subject.

The Minnesota. Experiment Station, in

co-operation with the Bureau of Statis~

tics (f the Department of Agriculture,

haS, since 1902, carried on exhaustive in-

vestigations relating to the cost of pro-.

ducing farm products in Minnesota.

These investigations have been conducted

upon a large scale, so that the cost of

producing staple products has been de-

termined upon a large number of farms,

and the preliminary reports show that

when all items of cost, including wages

to the farmer, are charged against the

product the proﬁts on the average Min—

nesota crop are practically nothing. As

an example, it may be stated that it was

found that the average proﬁt on a bushel

of wheat during the period of investiga-

tion was but 3 4-10 cents per bushel,

while a similar computation with regard

to the oat crop showed that the net proﬁt

on this crop in Minnesota was less than

3 cents per bushel for the period covered

by the investigation. The amount of the

cash items of expense, the labor of men

and horses, the charge for depreciation

of machinery and equipment, together

with the interest on the capital invested,

brings the cost of production surprisingly

high, and evcn with the present era of

high prices for farm products leaves a.

much smaller margin of proﬁt in the

business than is generally supposed. If

these ﬁgures are to be taken at their

face, and they are largely substantiated

by the expcricnce of careful farmers who

keep an accurate account of their busi—

ness transactions, the 10 pcr cent margin

of proﬁt which men (ngaged in other

lines of business consider indispensible

is not realized by the average farmer.

Indeed, this report asserts that the aver--

age crop raised by the average Minnesota

farmer and sold at the average price

during the past ten ycars has often rc-

sultcd in an actual loss to the farmer.

In our state even careful business men

have found that the money which they

had invested in the business of farming

has, for a series of years, paid little more

than the average rate of intcrest com-

mande by money in the commercial

market.


Of course, the reader will understand"


that this data refers to average results.

Fortunately thcrc are brilliant exceptions

which may wcll prove object lessons to

tho discouragcd farmer who believes with

these invcstigators, that “farming don't

pay.” 'Truc, thcrc are not the fortunes

made in farming that are amassed in

some othcr lincs of business, but grcat

cinnmcrcial succcss is the exception in

any business, and the low average profit

which is undoubtcdly derived from farm-

ing is doubtless in some measure due to

the relatively poorer busincss methods

which are uscd on the farm in compari—

son with other succcssful busincss entcr-

prises. Yet the fact that notwithstand-

ing this handicap there are comparatively

few absolute failures on the farm indi-

cates that farming is a. sound and safe

business, as it is a wholesome and health-

ful occupation. “'ith the aid of science

and thc applicaton of bclicr business

mcthods all along the line the farmers

of today are coming into their own, and

with a more gcncral enicrtainment of

that worthy ambition to “make farming

proﬁtablc,” in the sense oxprcsscd by the

gcntlcman above rcfcrrcd to, we believe

the business of farming will prove as

proﬁtable, as the average of other busi-

ncss cntcrpriscs in which the average

man may engage. In any event, it is

bound to remain, as “'ashington dei-

scribcd it in his day, “The most health-

ful, most uscful and most noble employ-

mcnt of man.”


CALL AT THE MICHIGAN FARMER

TENT.


As noted in the last issue, the Michi—

gun Farmer will have a tent at the State

Fair for the accommodation of its pat-

rons, locatcd bniwecn the entrances of

the ﬁrst two cattle barns. Similar ac-

commodations will also be provided at

the “'cst Michigan Siatc Fair at Grand

Rapids the following rvcck, whcrc all our

fricmls will be made wclcomc. Make it

your headquarters while at the fair.


HAPPENINGS OF THE WEEK.

Foreign.


The Albanians refusing to accept the

new Turkish administration, were re--

ccntly attacked by federal troops and

caused to submit to the authorities.


During the fortnight ending Saturday

there were 110 deaths from bubonic

plague and 33 from cholera at Amoy,

China.


The Persian government has dismissed

the Russian tutor of the young Shah and


appointed a vnative.,.for teaching otpoli:

tical science to the ruler. , ’ ' j


Chinese congressmen are at work draft-

ing rules for the regulation of the first

assembly of that. country. Bids are be-

ing asked for the construction of an im-

perial assembly hall at Pekin, where the

legislative body of the empire will con-

vene. . ,


Altho cholera is being kept down at

St. Petersburg, Russia, it is spreading in

the provinces.


It is rumored that Spain has planned

a campaign for the occupying of Tetuan

with 16,000 troops. The news has put

England in an uneasy position snce it

will require the reinforcement of Gib-

raltar.


A ﬁre of unknown origin destroyed a

building and contents in Winnipeg, Sun—

day, sustaining a loss of about $150,000.


The ashes from the body of Gutama.

Buddha, founder of the Buddha. religion,

is believed by archeologists to have been

unearthed at Peshawar, India. The records

indicate that the ashes from the body

were divided into eight portions and that

one portion was deposited in a large

monastary' and pagoda on the spot of

the discovery in the fourth century B. C.


The matter of a differential tariff on

goods shipped to Venezuela from the

British West Indies will be placed before

the electors of the South American coun—

try. The request of England was denied

by the ofﬁcials upon the grounds that it

must be submitted to the people.


Announcement of the death of the

novelist, George Manville Fenn, comes

from London.


The Norwegian government refuses to

take a hand in the strike that is threat-

ening the industries of that country. Sev-

eral propositions for overcoming the very

embarrassing situation were submitted

for the consideration of the government

but all were rejected.


‘The high price of gasoline and poor

roads have restricted the use of the auto-

mobile in Spain where it is now estimated

less than 3,000 are in use.


The Irish land bill which was re—in-

troduced into the British house of com-

mons last March has passed the com-

mittee without much alteration.


At the great air ship meet at Rheims,

France, it was demonstrated that the

dirigible balloons could not keep pace

with the aeroplanes.


Application has been made to the Can-

adian government by the'United States

for the improvement of the Ontario side

of the Detroit river channel near the

Limo Kiln crossing below Detroit. It ,is

estimated that the proposed improve-

ments will cost around $2,000,000.


National.


One person was killed, three fatally

injured and a loss of $100,000 worth of

property was the result of a gasoline

explosion in a canning factory at Wav-

crly, Iowa, last Friday.


Many cases of hookworm, a. new dis-

ease called by doctors pellagra, and re-

sulting from attacks of an animal para-

site, were reported to the department of

health in Alabama the past week.


A dynamite explosion on the extension

of the Florida east coast railroad to Key

\Vest, causcd' the death of ten men and

the injuring ‘of 15 others, one fatally.

The explosion occurred under water.


Thousands of dollars worth of prop-

crty, three lives and many personal in-

juries wcrc the cost of an electrical

storm which passed over Chicago last

Friday.


Eighteen power companies are said to

have been morgercd by the incorporation

of a company at Lansing last work. The

Au Sable and Saginaw valleys are con-

cerned in the mcrgcr. Local and outside

capital is intcrcsted in the proposition.


The caving of an old abandoned col-

licry at East Scranton, Pa., resulted in

the destruction of $200,000 worth of prop-

erty, including a $75,000 schoolhouse lo-

cated above the old mine.


The ﬁftieth anniversary of the drilling

of the ﬁrst oil well was celebrated at

Titusville, Pa., near where the well was

sunk.


A charge of peonage has been brot

against the pressed steel car company at

Mcliee’s ROcks, Pa., but the allegations

arc dcnicd by the ofﬁcials of the company.


Glenn H. Curtiss and Louis Beloit have

announced their intention of appearing

at Indianapolis next month to give an

cxhibition of thc monoplane and biplane

flying machincs.


Little hcadway is being made against

the ﬁres burning along the, boundary line

bctwccn \Vashington and Idaho. Im-

mense damage has already been done.


A proclamation has been issued by

Prcsident Taft opening 2,500,000 acres of

land along the Cheyenne river, and in

Standing Rock reservation in North and

Son h Dakota for settlement,


T to city authorities of Juarez, Mexico,

havc voted $20,000 forrcniertainment of

I’rcsidcnt Diaz and President Taft when

they visit that place in October.


The postoﬁice department is now con-

sidering different sites in Chicago for the

crcction of the largest postofﬁce building

in the country.


State.


The Michigan railroad commission has

issued an order forbidding railroads in

the state from running trains backward

or with cars in front of the engine.


State Treasurer Sleeper, acting for the

board of auditors, has made arrange-

mcnts for borrowing $250,000 for the state,

to provide for running expenses till the

treasury can be replenished,


The last monthly report of the northern

Michigan asylum shows that that insti-'

tution now has 1,406 inmates, which is

one less than for the month of July.

The industrial school at Lansing had

748 boys, or nine less than for the pre-

vious month.


The careless use of combination coaches

by railroads has led to the issuance of a

ruling prohibiting railroads from running

such cars with the passenger department

between the baggage end. of the car and

the engine.


Thru the excellent discipline brot about


, , . , V I?” 4.


by systematic;-édrill,~ 700 .«ehildrengg’er ‘


taken from a" burning sel‘ipol ’ro, iii


New Y-orchi-ty Monday, without disorder...

A slight earthquake at Panama 'oc-.


curred on Monday, but the disturbance


did_not damage the canal at any point.


' Bay City is to be favored by the erec-


tion of a $2,000,000 charcoal, iron and


chemical plant.


CROP AND MARKETTVOTES.


Grand Traverse Co.,—We have had no

rain of any account for two months and

the extreme heat has dried up pastures.

Every one is feeding stock. Horses and

cattle are haunting barns and stables.

The soil is a powder of dust and yet

some localities have plenty of rain.

Along the oardman River there was a

killing fro t. There are no such de-

structive ﬁres as last year, yet Traverse

City was lately panic stricken with many

ﬁres about it. We ﬁnd sweet corn 8.

great producer of milk in such times.


Gratlot Co., Aug. 21.——Gratiot county

enjoying ideal weathcr. Oats are prac-

tically all secured, and the threshing ma.-

chine reveals the fact that about 30 bu.

will be the average per acre. Corn is

doing well and if only we are spared from

an early frost a good crop will be har-

vested“ Beans are promising well, as are

potatoes. Butter sells from 18@22c. Ap—

ples, of which there seems to be a good

crop, bring 800, per 100 lbs. They are

the one crop which seems a. present to

the farmer.


Calhoun Co., Aug. 20.—-—Plowing is pro-

gressing rapidly, being much improved by

the rain of the 14th. Threshing is the

Order of the day, and much wheat is

being sold. The price is better, $1.03

yesterday. Milling companies have been

ﬁlling the elevators, which shows that

they anticipated a rise. Oats are not

turning out as well as anticipated, tho

the crop is fair. Potatoes are looking

well, and no blight reported as yet. Corn

bids fair to be an excellent crop if we

can have one more good rain. Very little

live stock is being shipped, and this is

mostly small. Apples 3. very light crop.


Washtenaw 00., Aug. 17.-—“A poor be-

ginning makes a good ending," and it is

certainly making good on the crop propo-

sition this year. Threshing returns make

the wheat yield more than a good aver-

age, with oats somewhat under. Corn

doing ﬁne and potatoes also. A fall such

as we have every reason to expect will

place the farmer generally in far better

than average condition. The prospccts

are for more than the usual acrcage of

winter wheat. Prices of live stock drop-

ping a little; also grain prices; butter

250; eggs, 200.


Allegan Co., Aug. 15.——We had ideal

weather for haying and harvest. Con—

siderable threshing has been done and

the yield is good, one ma '1 receiving 1,055

bushels of wheat from 28 acres, an aver-

age of 34 bushels per acre. Corn is look-

ing ﬁne, also potatoes, tho the blight

is doing some damage. The hay crop was

not up to the average and oats were

short and light on the ground. The

recent rains have been a great blessing

to us. The cucumber crop bids fair to

be a good one. Not many peach trees in

this part of the county but some of them

hang full. Not so many plums as last

year. Apples will be about half a crop.

One man in the western part of the county

has just sold his crop on the trees, esti-

mated at 1,200 bushels, for $2,400. Vthat

is bringing 98c; oats, 400; corn, 75c; rye,

60c; hay, $86110 per ton; potatoes, 400;

eggs, 200 and butter 18@250.


Eastern Oceana Co., Aug. 18.—-The

‘drouth has struck this part of Michigan

and late potatocs and corn is suffering

for the want of rain. Up to two weeks

ago we have had showers that kept

cvcrything booming. Oat harvest is now

practically completed and a few have

threshed. Wheat is not yielding up to

expectations, running from 12 to 20 bu.

per acre; the same can be said of oats.

but rye is better than either wheat or

oats, running from 18 bu. up to 22 bu.

per acre. I cut my sccond crop of alfalfa

on Au:‘. 3, and ycs‘crday (Aug. 17), I

measured scvc a1 sia'ks 17 inches in

length notwithstanding the dry weather.

Prices of grain, wheat, rye and oats are

all on the downward scale. Wheat, $1;

oats, 45c; rye, 600; potatoes, 600; apples,

75c; butter, 210; eggs, 21c.


LOCAL FAIR ANNOUNCEMENTS.


The CalhOun County Fair, to be held at

Marshall, Mich., Sept. 14—17 inclusive,

has a program which should make it a

big fair in every sense of the word. Aside

from the exhibits, which promise to be

large, an excellent series of entertain-

mcnt fcatures will be offcrcd, including

a barbccuc and ox roast, airship ﬂights,

hall gamcs, good racing and other foa-

turcs worth your while.


The Otsego County Fair will be hold

at Gaylord, Sept. 14—17. inclusive. The

high class of the exhibits to be seen at

this fair is attested by the fact that

Otsego Co_ took ﬁrst premium on fruits

and sccond on vcgctablcs in the county

exhibits at the State Fair last year. The

managcment of this fair is determined to

make it the best of the good fairs held

at Gaylord, and their Slogan is “Meet

me at the Otsego County Fair.”


The Osceola County Fair, to be held.


at Evart, Sept. 14-17, promises to be the

best ever held in the county. Special

prizes to the value of ovcr $800 have been

hung up and will be eagerly competed

for. A‘thrce days’ base ball tournament

and a free automobile ride on the race

track for all school children are two of

the unusual features. Horse races are

always good, as the track is one of the

best in the state.


Deckerville Fair. It would be to the

advantage of every person who can to

attend this fair, Sept. 14-16, as the man-

agement declares that it promises to be

the biggest and best fair held in the

Thumb. $600 in purses are offered in

the speed department, and there will be

base ball games, athletic sports and spec-

ial attractions every day.


iso9..-,,._'
L


LITERATURE

‘ POETRY

HISTORY an?

IN FORMATION


» T Magazine ‘ ec


roe


ED WEEKLY.


tion ,


‘Ihe FARM BOY

an? GIRL

SCIENTIFIC an?

MECHANICAL


This Magazine Section forms a part of our paper twice a month. Every article is written especially for it, and does not appear elsewhere


TUNNELING DETROIT RIVER


BY JAMES COOKE MILLS.


of the Detroit River with almost


a hundred feet of water over

them, divers have been laboriously crawl-

ing along under the huge steel tubes of

the now nearly completed international

tunnclway which, in methods of construc-

tion, is one of the great engineering feats

of today. The divers have been busv

way down there securing perfect bearings

between the steel diaphragms of the tubes

and the rows of supporting piling, and to

this end inserting shim plates of proper

thickness where needed. A little later

they Were working on more intricate de-

tails of the construction, connecting up

the joints of the monster sections and

making them water-tight. Then the con-

crete mixers on the scow above deposited

tons upon tons of concrete on the gravel

bed below, around and between and above:

the twin-tubes until they were encased

in a solid mass of stone.


This important tunnel project, which is

to fuse the railway lines from the east

thru the province of Ontario with those

extending westward from Detroit, is be-

ing built for the Michigan Central rail—

road, and is financed by the New York

(‘cntral interests under a bond issue of

about $10,000,000. The double—tracked

main line of the Michigan Central e.\-

tending from Buffalo to Chicago, with its

numerous feeding lines, forms the second

most important tentacle of the New York

Central, west of Buffalo. Its freight ton—

nage eastward is enormous, the total be-

ing a large proportion of the aggregate

of the whole system, which amounted to

more than ﬁfteen million tons in 1006,

while the directness of its route renders

it a favorite line for travelers between

the east and the northwest.


The hiatus of the Detroit River, that

break in the continuity of the thru route,

has been a serious handicap for may

years, not only to the Central interests,

but also to the. Grand Trunk, the Wa-

bash, the Pere Marquette and the Cana-

dian Paciﬁc, the other international lines.

The ten monster ear ferries which tran—

sport the thru trains across the peaceful

river are a unique and interesting feature

of the traffic life of the busy stream. In

winter and in summer these powerful

steamers have crossed and rcerosscd the.

swift current, carrying the transconti-


9

DELVING deep below the slimy bed


nental business of ﬁve great railroads.

Sometimes in the dead of winter the.

river would become so choked with icc,

forced down in the narrow channel from

Lake St, Clair, that the. ferries frequently

became fast in the ice floes and for hours

at a time were helpless. Altho built as


and the food supply in the diners ex-

hausted.


\V'ith the advent of 1010 the ferry sys-

tem, for so long an important factor in

the activities of the borderline between

two great nations, will probably have

passed forever, and in its stead the twin—


Opening to Shaft No. 2 on Detroit Side,


Showing Dump of Blue Clay just raised


from pit and ready to be delivered on flat cars to right.


ice crushers to mount the ice at the bow

and thus force it down by their sheei

weight, they were unable to move. either

forward or backward more than a few

feet, so strong and thick was the ac—

cumulated ice, frozen solid beneath. After

hours of constant churning of their huge-

paddlc wheels, and thru a channel cut

for them by other powerful tug boats,

they were finally released from mid-

strcam. To passengers on thru trains thus

held the delay was often uncomfortable,

with steam for heating the cars cut oft


bores of the, great tunnel will care for the

entire trafﬁc. The competing lines whose

terminals in Detroit, with one. exception,

arcatcccssiblc to the tunnel approach,

will operate thru it, paying a rental to

the Central. (in the (‘anadian side in

\\'inds0r a junction will be established


with the lines eastward about three

miles from the rchr. 'l‘hru 1’)assci'igcr


traiilc will probably be accommodated in

a large. union station in lictroit near the

tunnel mouth, while in Windsor the sta—

tion will be a mile and a half inland


where the freight yards are now located.


The Advisory Board of Engineers was

appointed in July, 1905. It is composed of

the eminent engineers, \V. J. \Vilgus,

vice-president of the New York Central,

Howard A. Carson, consulting engineer,

builder of the .ioston subways, and \V. S,

liinncar, chief engineer, and assistant

general manager of the Michigan Cen‘

trai. For the preliminary organization

censtrtiction companies were created un~

dcr the laws of the two countries, on

either side of the river and, when proper

legislation had been enacted, lht‘so com—

panies were merged into one construction

company under the caption, The Detroit

River Tunnel t‘o. While the organization

was being perfected, the scheme, of con-

struction was being worked out, plans

made, and detailed specifications drawn

up based on test holes sunk at short, in—

tervals along the route ot' the tunnel. and

down to bed rock, about itio feet below

the surface of the river. In August, 1906,

contrmts for the construction of the. tun-

iu-l were let to a New York iirm which

imn‘u-diatcly took up the work with vigor

with :1 view it) (-(Illlplt‘tillg the ttll‘lllnl ill

three years.


The construction of this important tun»

ncl was a great undertaking, and was

notable from the fact that the methods

employed untried, the experience

gained from previous tunnel work being

of no avail. The entire engineering

scheme of the sub—at‘picous section, or the.

part under the river, was devised by l\Ir.

\Yilg'us, and. on account of the peculiar for—


\\ (’l‘t‘


ination of the underlying strata, the meth—

ods proposed were fully concurred in by

the other members of the advisory board.


instead of forcing great steel shields

thru the tough blue clay of the river's

lower bed (the method commonly used in

such tunnel work), a deep trench was

dug across the bed of the river, from

bank to bank. The river is about one-

half mile wide at the tunnel survey. and

the sulvnqucous section is 2,623 feet in

length. The depth of the stream varies

from thnty-two to litiy feel. and the

t'lll'l’t‘llt is swift. llllgtk (ll‘mlg‘t's 01' the

clam-shell class dug away the bed of the

river. in some places to a depth of forty—

live feet, or nearly one hundred feet fronl

the surface. As the trench was com-


(ContinuI-d on page 17.7).


A Twin-tube Section of the Detroit River Tunnel in position for sinking to the bed prepared for. it nearly 100 feet below the Surface of the Water.
{.5me i5.--; -4; m


i

l

i

r

t

.

j;

..

t?

i.

if


,..-._.w.,....


174" (10)" "


4


. v


A


é'.."’"‘l

41,3.-


THE I'M'I‘Clillégﬁ“ FARMER *


THE WORM THAT TURNED.


BY MAY HOWELL BEECHER.


“This day is going to be a scorcher,”

said John Henry Jones as he looked afar

off—over the hills. “When you see that

air mist hanging low over that red sun

at six o’cloek in the morning it's safe to

say that it will be too warm to mention

afore noon. If this weather“ holds, 1 sup—

pose we can expect the Smith family

before long, eh, mother?”


“Oh, John! for goodness'sake don’t

mention such a thing. When I think 01

having that tribe to wait on, and those

awful young’uns around here screechin’

and going on, my heart jest fails me.”


“VVa-al, wa-al, don’t fret, mother; I

ought not to have said anything

about it.”


The day was a trying one, and Mrs.

Jones had lagged-vas she expressed it—

all day, but now the house was in order

and preparation for supper Well under

way when Annie, the ten—year-old daugh-

ter of the house, came breathless from

a run across lots, waving her hand and

trying to regain breath enough to enable

her to speak.


“Mercy!” said Mrs. Jones. “how many

times must I tell you. child. not to run

these awful hot days. You'll certainly

get heat prostration some of these times.

VVhat is the matter, child? If you have

anything to say, say it!"


“\Ycll," replied Annie, “I guess you‘ll

know when you see the Smith family

coming, bag and baggage; .losiah Atkins

has got them all in his farm wagon, and

Johnnie Smith is sitting on a trunk.”


“Oh, dear!” After that ejaculation

Lil‘s. Jones sat down in the big rocking

chair. “\Vhatevcr shall I do?“ she in-

quired. And she wiped away the tears

that ﬁlled her eyes. “I‘m worn out work-

ing this hot weather. and now 1 must

wait on them and keep going, I suppose,

until I drop dead.”


The uninvitcd guests were soon en—

sconced in the best rooms and making

themselves comfortable.


One unlucky day lilr. Jones had met

Mr. Smith while attending to a business

transaction in the city, and in the course

of conversation Mr. Smith had inquired

whether he knew of a. good place in the

country where he could send his family

for a few weeks. The children were just

getting over the whooping cough, and he

pictured in a dolcful way the emaciated

forms of the little ones.


The family physician had said they

must have a change of air, and if prac-

ticable it: would be best to send them to

the country where they could livc out of

doors as much as possible. Mr. Jones

lovcd children and did not consider the,

city a proper placc to bring tlicm up in.

SO. in his large—hearted way he said,

“llring them up to my house for a few

chks. \Vc have never taken summer

boarders, and we won‘t talk about terms;

I‘ve got children of my own. llang it

all, come up and make us :1 visit."


They came the following chk and

stayod the scason thru. 'l‘hat was thrcc

summers ago and tlu-y had lit-on coming

ever since, The childl‘cn had grown

round and rosy and that made the Jones

family feel a little morc reconciled to the

situation. Mr. Jones said at that time,

“it's better than sending money to for—

eign missions." '\\'l1at he said this day

uould not look Well in print.


He had written Mr. Smith in March

that Ali's. Jones had bccn ill all winter

and that it Would not be convcnicnt for

thcm to receive company this your. l'lvi»

dcntly tha‘t lrul been ignorcd.


Alter supper Mr. Jones called Mrs.

Joms aside and said: “Shall i go at'tt-r

Susan Adams to help with the work?"


“Uh, dear," Was the rcply, “\vc cannot

afford hil'cd hclp in the lititlsv,"


Susan ('ztmc, however, and the summer

work was gotlcn thru with, but poor Mrs.

Jones had many hours when her nerves

nearly gave out and it seemed as if

patience and cndurancc must cnd.


Mr. Jones did considerable thinking

that autumn and. aftcr Thanksgiving Day

had bccn duly Cc‘lt‘bl'tllt‘d, he said to Mrs,

Jones, “I want you to get yoursclf and

Annie fitted out with ncw clothes. for in

a couple of “'t‘l‘kS we are going down to

the city to see the Smith family and

make them a nice long visit.”


Mrs. Jones giggled in a nervous way

and said: “I wish we could, but only

think of the cost. Mrs. Smith invited rm-

to come—»somctime——she knew that it was

safe to ask me. for I had told her once

that we could not afford to go anywhere,

and now after paying help all summer

we are worse off than ever.”


“I don’t care a flip." said Mr. Jones:

“we are going if I have to mortgage


things.” And go they did, but they had

reckoned without their host.


After arriving in the city, tired and

hungry, John Henry Jones remembered.

too late, that he had neglected to procure

Mr. Smith‘s home address, but he knew

the way to the bank where Mr. Smith

was employed.


Leaving Mrs. Jones and Annie in the

waiting room at the station he went

forth. It was 2 p. m., for they had got-

ten an early start from home.


Arriving at the bank he found his way

to the little window where Mr. Smith, with

a stolid face, looked out at him. If he

had been alone he would have retired

without comment, but when he thot of

the tired faces of his women folks, he

rallied his forces, and in a. shame-faced

manner said: “I am Mr. Jones; your

family spent the summer at my house.”


“Ah, yes,” replied Mr. Smith, squinting

at him thru the Wired enclosure, “1 re-

member now. So you are in the city.

“'ell, call round at the house if you get

time, I'm pretty busy now, so you must

excuse me; good-bye."


Back to the railway station walked

poor. defeated Jones, and reported to in-

dignant Mrs. Jones. .


They procured something to eat and

returned home by next train—due in a.

half hour.


The winter waned and spring merged

into summer. They had not spoken or

the Smith family since the occasion of

the outrageous treatment accorded them

in the winter. Now, As the June days

grew warmer they often joked about the

the time when the Smith family would

put in an appearance.


July came in on Saturday, and just as

the sun was sinking like a big ball 01

molten gold in the west, Mr. Jones came

in from his laborin the field. After wash-

ing his hands at the kitchen sink he

walked with the towel in his hand to the

Open door. The towel dropped to the

floor as he ejaculated, “Vi'a—al, I swear,

ef there isn't the whole Smith family

a-comin‘, Johnny Smith on a trunk as

natural as life!”


Mrs. Jones replied without much anima-

tion, “Now, pa, don’t try to be funny:

hurry up and get ready for supper.” As

she drew near the door the dish toWel

in her hand droppcd to keep the face

towel company on the floor, as she said

in a weak voice, “of all thiigs. I’ll be

hanged if it isn’t so! “'ell, I never

would have believed they could have the

face to come. “'11th is to be done?”


“Just leave it to me," said John Henry

Jones. “You go and sit down."


Grabbing the wire broiler from its nail

in the cupboard, he stood in the doorway,

as the depot t-onvcyance drove up.


No word was spoken for a minute as

Mr, Jones squintcd his ‘eycs and gazed in

a stolid way from bctwccn the wires of

the broiler, the all looked their astonish-

ment at such a pcrformam-c.


At last Mr. Smith broke the silence by

saying cheerfully, “\Ycll, here we are on

hand again."


“Yes." said Mr. Jones, without remov~

ing the wire scrocli. “I sco yc air; I'm

prctty busy just now; supposing you

(‘olllc round some time when we ain't

it) llolilc. UHtul—liyc.” ‘\lltl closing lllt‘

door with a bangr he bt‘rltcd it noisily, as

hc and the broiler vanishcd from view.


From her vantage ground at the win-

dow .\nnic reported that Mr. Smith was

inquiring of the drivcr what time the

next train left for the city, and was in-

formed that there would not be another

train until after midnight.


Mrs, .lonts said, “lN'ar me, hadn't we

ought to give them some supper.”


"Not by a jug furl!” said the deter-

inincd Mr, Jones.


“It“.l 1w just awful waiting this hot

night in that little tucked up station.”


“Never you mind.” said the iratc John

Henry Jones: “it don't consarn us."


HUMANITY MEASURED BY THE


CHIN.


BY AMNAN \l'lthIIT.


Humanity is the only creature with a

chin. May we infer from this, the more

chin, the more g‘oodncss and intelligence?


Among my pleasant recollections was a

man who spent large fortunes. and much

time. for the relief of the poor. and for

his fellow llltll‘ His chin was so large

it seemed like a deformity.


I also remember an Irishman who had

a very large chin. and his persistent

efforts to secure employment. and homes,

for his fellow countrymen, st proverbial.


A big, ugly, abnormal chinned negro,


'whose laugh‘could be heard a. mile away,


would neglect his own work for the good

of the church, or hisrace.


Almost every One of a large class of


professional nurses I have met had un-

usually large chins. .

. On the other hand, a. lady with a. re-

ceding eliin came to my notice, not so

long ago, who was so determined in her

demonstrations of her‘ particular charac-

ter, that'property around her home de~

preciated, and adjoining .property owners

let their property go for the taxes.


This person had the advantage of

wealthy parents, who educated, her, and

spared no expense in giving her an exm

cellent training, so there was apparently

no excuSe for her conduct.


When smiling,’ we enlarge the chin,

and we compress it when frowning.


The nearest semblance of a chin, in

the lower animals, is found among the

monkey tribe, whose constant delight is

to amuse us at any time we may choose

to give them attention. The ox, which

has a large under—jaw, works faithfully

without bit or bridle. Sheep have ‘the

longest under—jaw of all the animals,

which illustrates our argument favorably,


I


~ , . em. 4. do.


for we Often hear the exbressio-n’ _“as


gentle as a lamb." Horses, when Vic-y


ions, have invariably a. small Jewer jaw.

One I recall very well went by the name

of “Parrot Nose,” because of an exceed-

ingly small underjaw. He was the mOSt

vicious horse I ever saw. Weasels from

birth are vicious, and all have receding

lower jaws.


Among the destructive birds are eagles,

hawks, owls, and others, which possess

a large upper and small receding lower

jaw. Fish may be classed under the

same heading even. Catﬁsh have per-

haps the largest under-jaw. The writer

has taught them to come at his call, and

even believes some of them remember

their names, they appeard to be so intel-

ligent. They seemed delighted at being

noticed, indicating a kind disposition. A

man-eating shark has scarcely the sem-

blance of a chin, which recedes many

inches from the protruding upper-jaw.


Perhaps the most affable among the

feathered tribe is the duck, and it has

the broadest bill. Its truest characteris-

tic, is perhaps best understood by the

swain who *calls his best girl, “My

duckey.”


THREE CENTURIES AFTER HENRY HUDSON.


BY EMILY L. 'RUSSEL.


The name of Henry Hudson ﬂashes

like a' meteor across the pages of history,

and the present month will see the deeds

of this great navigator vividly recalled

by a tri-centenary celebration of his most

important discovery. New York city and

the entire Hudson river district will pay

homage to the name of Hudson and to

that other name which, two centuries

later, became indissolubly linked with the

history of the river and the progress of

the science of navigation—Robert Fulton.


Hudson’s birthplace and his grave are

unknown, but during the four years, of

his recorded life he made four memorable

voyages. How truly “we live in deeds,

not year's!" He was undoubtedly an

Englishman, altho often called Hendrik,

probably from his business connections

with Holland. That he was a religious

man is shown from the ﬁrst mention we

have of him when, with his crew of elev-

cn men, he took the Holy Communion

in St. Ethelburga's church, London, on

April 19, 1607, as preparation for embark-

ing on his first voyage. This and his

second, undertaken in the employ of the

Muscovy Company, brot about the estab-

lishment of the Arctic whale fisheries,

so proﬁtable to both the English and the

Dutch.


But his third—magic numbcr~most in-

terests the United States, and it is this

which will be celebrated on the river he

discovered and which properly bears his

name. lie himself called it the River 01

the Mountains; later, it bore for a time

the name of Maurice—-Prince of Orange,

and was also called the “Noort” river,

to distinguish it from the South or Dela-

ware river, a name which still survives

for that part opposite New York city.


When the year 1609 opened the Dutch

engaged Hudson, now famous as a daring

scaman, to undertake a voyage for them,

they being on friendly terms at the time

with the English. The contract was

signed on January 8. The Dutch East

India Company was to man and equip a

ship for him to seek the much-desired

shorter sca-‘path to India. He was to

sail around Nova Zemhla, having been as

far as this point on a previous voyagt’,

then go (“list until he could sail southward

to the latitude of 6”". after which he was

to return and rcport. Fl‘r this he was

to be paid the equivalent of $31! , and it’

he did not come back within a year, his

wife was to be paid $80 more. If he

should tind the northwest passage they

would “reward him as they saw tit.” and

if they should determine to follow up the

discovery Hudson pledged himself not

to accept employment with any other

company. The shrcwd Hollandcrs seem

to have secured a rather one-sided con—

tract.


The ship which the company gave him

was namcd “Dc Hiylve Maenc,” familiar

to us as the “llalf Moon.” which in shape

it might be imagined to resemble. It

would take eleven such vessels ranged

end to end to measure the length of a

modern ocean liner.


0n the 4th day of April—the month of

so many historical cvents-everything

was in readiness for the voyage, and

there was excitement in Holland’s prin-

cipal City, Amsterdam. Men, women and

children were gathered in groups down

by the river Amstel, where a small boat,

little more than a yacht, was tugging at

the ropes that held her to the dock. In


these days of ocean travel we can hardly

realize the feelings of the matrons and

maidens so bravely keeping back the

tears. Only the friends of those starting

in a balloon to ﬁnd the North Pole can

truly sympathize with them. The last

handshake was given, and fathers, hus—

bands and brothers were off, to buffet

with the icy waves in a. craft of about

eighty tons. A reproduction bf this his-

toric vessel has been built and sent by

Holland for the great parade on the

HudSon river.


The little craft rounded the North Cape

on May 5, steering for Nova Zembla, but

was obliged to return, baffled by ice, on

May 19. Disappointed but not discour—

aged, Hudson consulted with his crew

and they decided to coast along America

to latitude 40°. He had received consid-

erable information from Captain John

Smith in regard to a river described by

the Indians, and he made good use of it.

They reached the American coast July 12,

where they made a new foremast from

a Maine pine tree. They touched Cape

Cod, then Went southward as far as

Chesapeake Bay. “’ithout stopping to

visit his Virginia friend at Jamestown,

he coasted northward, investigating Del-

aware Bay by the way, and on September-

2 anchored inside of Navesink Highlands

on the south side of New York Bay. For

a week they remained in the harbor.

Juet, the journalist of the expedition,

says: “Very good land to fall in with

and a pleasant land to see.” It was a

long six months since that anxious leave-

taking in Holland, but their hearts were

now made glad by the beauties and prom-

ises of this new land.


'Wc can imagine the amazement of the

Indians at the sight of this unwonted

craft upon their \\'atch, and the white

men who occupied it. Did they come

from the Great Spirit; or Were they mes-

sengers of evil? Could they have forc-


secn how great would have been their


wrath! They had at least at premonition

of the future, for Hudson sent some men

in a small boat to examine the land more

closely, and, on returning to the ship,

they were followed by a shchr of ar-

rows. (mc poor fellow, John Coleman,

was struck in the throat and fell dead

in the bottom of the boat. lie was buricd

on a projcction of land which Hudson

named (‘olclnztll's Point.


011 Scptcmbcr 1;: they found a good

entrance, lJctWt'cIl two licadlands, prob-

ably the Narrows, “and tints cult-red, on

the 12th day of September, into as line

a river as can be found.” “'ind and

tide hrot them to the future site of Al-

bany on September 19. A little further

prospecting convinced Hudson that they

were sailing up a river and were not

navigating a strait. The tide ebbs and

ilows as far as Albany, the river seeming

to run both ways, and this was certainly

niislcadilg to the strangers, so they re—

turned southward, casting anchor on

October 2 off Castle Point, Hoboken.


Hudson found the Indians “in the upper

reaches of the river” more friendly than

ncar Manhattan. He pronounced them

“a sensible and warlike people," but ev-

erywhere “exceedingly adroit in carrying

away whatever tlrey took a fancy to.”

At one point the chief of a small tribe

came down to the shore to visit the

strangers. He was allowed to come on


(Continued on page 176).


mew twat-r


t ___-_
m «we mm


,L, __4_.


x .

SEPT. 4, 1909.


TUNNELI'NG DETRoiT RIVER.


W (Continued from ﬁrst magazine page).


pleted, pile drivers followed, driving long

piles dovim thru the ﬁrm’ stratum of clay,

and securing cross—beams of heavy .tim-

bers to them. Gravel was then deposited

on the bottom of the trench to a depth

of two feet to form a better and, firmer

foundation for the concrete.


The twin-tube sections, as illustrated,

were built on land at the St. Clair Ship—

yards. They are monster tubes of steel,

260 feet long, 231/2 feet in diameter, and

strengthened by transverse diaphragms

every 111/2 feet. They were built up of

345—inch steel plates, each section weighing

about six hundred tons.


To convey these heavy, unwieldy tubes

the distance of forty-eight miles to the

tunnel site, novel but simple means were

resorted to. When completed wooden

bulkheads were built in each end of the

tubes and caulked tight; then the tubes

were launched into the river sidewisc,

like the steel freighters on the lakes. The

sections settled only about six to seven

feet, and, as needed, were towed down

stream to the tunnel workers. The last

of these 260—ft. tubes was sunk on Thurs-


/


ready in place. The sleeve has a ﬂange

bearing against the new tube shoulder

between which a rubber gasket is placed.

’Another ﬂange on the other tube ﬁts

snugly against the ﬂange on the sleeve,

a gasket also being provided for this

joint. rElle operation of bolting up the

ﬂanges is a strenuous one. The bolts

and nuts are of great size and the

wrenches required of very unusual pro-

portions and operated by power from

above the surface. Beside this the divers

work undcr heavy pressure of water and

without the aid of sunlight and the cir-

culation of air.


\\'hcn this work is completed, a space

is formed, three by eighteen inches,

around the tube at the joint, which is

ﬁlled with a grout of pure cement. The

water in the narrow space is first pumped

out and if no more enters the joint is

absolutely tight. Two flexible tubes of

small Size are attached to the upper part

of the joint and thru one of these the

cement is forced from the scow above

and continued until it comes out of the

other pipe, which is evidence that the

space below is completely ﬁlled.


The sunken tubes are provided with

supporting walls of three—inch oak plank-


Steam Shovel at Work in the Approach Cut at Windsor End of Tunnel.


day, August 5. A short section which

will connect this last large tube with, the

\Vindsor entrance to the tunnel still re-

mains to be placed.


FThe manner in which these monster

tubes were put in place and secured is

of interest. (in top of the twin-tubes

and near either end are. strapped two

stccl air cylinders, each ten feet in diam-

ctcr and sixty fcct long, which exert a.

buoyant force in the operations of sinking

the sections to the bottom of the trench.

To indicate the exact position of the,

tubes when under water, a steel upright

is securely bolted to each end of the

tubes, these extending about ten feet

above the surface when the tubes are in

place. These uprights serve as important

aids to the engineers in the lowering op-

erations to bring the tubes in exact align—

ment with the tubes previously sunk, and

also to maintain the level, or proper

grade of the tunnel.


“'hcn the engineers have everything

rcady and have provided for all details

of the sinking, the, valves in the woodcn

bulkheads are, slowly opened. As the

water enters, the mass settles steadily

and evenly by the force of gravitation

until it is far below the surface and rest-

ing temporarily on the rows of piling.

The powerful cranes on the scow along-

side, as shown in the photographic illus-

tration, aid materially in the lowering

and in securing perfect alignment of the

tubes.


Two man—hole tubes are provided Ver-

tically for each tube near the shoreward

end, thru which the concrete is taken for

the. construction of the tunnel proper.

The tubes are but the water—proofing of

steel, ‘within which the tunnel itself is

formed of solid concrete from two to ﬁve

feet in thickness and of sufﬁcient strength

to sustain all stress and strain of the

heaviest trains of 2,000 tons. The steel

tubes and the live—foot covering of con-

crete on the outside are a wide margin

of reserve strength.


In joining the sections together there

is much more work for the divers to do.

The twin-tubes must be securely bolted

to the tubes previously sunk and the

joints rendered water-tight. When built

each tube is provided with a steel Sleeve

which slips over the end of the' tube at-


ing, and backed up with clay and earth

filling the trcnch back of them. The space

within is then filled with concrete mixed

on the scow above, and continued above

the tubes for about five feet. The top

is covered with rip-rap, thus protecting

the concrete covering of the tubes t'ilun

the swift current and the anchors of the

lake and river craft. ’.y 1111- use oi a

novel and patcntcd dcvicc of the resident

cng‘inccr, placcd in the dumping chutes,

the concrete does not saturate until

dropped in its intended place, an import—

ant feature of the under-water work.

\Vhile the concrete work on the outside

is bcing done, other gangs of mchrs are

busy within the tubes building up tho

concrete tunnel itself. The water has

been pumped out and the outside bulk—

heads of the, previous tubes and the inner

bulkheads of the later tubes have becn

removed, leaving clear and dry passage-

ways to the outer ends. The tunnel bores

do not conform to the, absolute circles

of the tubcs, but are slightly elliptical

Vertically, providing a char head of

eighteen feet from the tops of the rails

to the center of the arch, with a diam—

eter of sixtccn and a half feet across the


Children’s Day on a Sheuand Pony Farm in the Southeastern


THE MICHIGAN FARMER.


center line. Concrete benches, ﬁve feet

high and two and a half feet wide on top,

extend along each wall, providing run-

ways for the trackmen, and at intervals

there are openings thru the center wall

to the twin tunnel.


Four sections of the tunnel, or about

1,000 feet, out in the river ,are on the

level. Approximately that distance from

the. Detroit line the tunnel rises on a 2

pcr cent grade to the surface, a mile from

the river. Near the Canadian side tho

tunnel takes a 11/2 per cent rise to the

easterly summit in Windsor, the easier

grade being due to the heavier trafﬁc or

high—class freight. eastward,‘ while many

cars come back empty. At one point near

the Canadian side the tunnel extendi

above the river bed about eight feet,

leaving a depth of water above, the rip—

rap of at least forty-one feet and eight

inches, the limit set by the government

engineers.


The construction of the approach tun—

ncls is rapidly nearing completion on

lines well established by the best en-

gineering practice. Modifications of the

methods cmploytd in building the New

York tumnls were made to better meet-

the existing conditions. Shafts on each

side of the river near the banks were

first sunk, and from these drifts were

run cast and west respectively until they

met other drifts run in opposite, dircc~

tions from shafts a half mile or less from

the. river. ()thcr drifts were bored to—

ward the portals, and they all ﬁnally

joined together. Meanwhile steam shov-

els Were busy digging out the open cuts.


A solid concrete wall seven feet thick

for the centcr wall now ﬁlls these drifts.

The bores, were cut thru the blue clay

from the river shafts. This work was

done by the latest approved design of

shiclda the cutting end forch thru the

tmgh blue clay of the heading by pou—

cri‘ul hydraulic jacks which (-V(‘l‘ slowly

but positively pushed the shields onward

toward the, portals. As the excavating

proeccds, concrete gangs build up the

Solid concrete walls and roof, Wnl‘kille;

under the heavy air pressure of the air

locks. Frequently a pressure of thrcc

atmospheres, or cvcn lil‘ly pounds. is

necessary to counteract the pressure of

the earth above.


The portals are, being constructed of

('Hll(‘l'tl(‘ of ornamental design with cop-

ings of pleasing proportions and outline.

surmountcd by a wrought—iron railing.

'l‘ho retaining walls of the open cuts are

carried out nearly to the suri'acc and

guardcd by iron pipe railings. (.‘oncrctc

Sll‘litl lead down the Walls to the portal

benches connecting with the tunnel

benches. l’umps of 20,000 gallons capa-

City, placed at (‘uCll portal, rcccivc the

drains of the, opcn cuts, and from them

the water is pumped out by an cilicicnt

pumping station of the tunncl.


The tunnel will lw equipped with the

approved third rail clcctric syslclll for

powcr to mch the. trains, and the cur-

rent will be supplicd by a local clcctrical

firm, a small transformer station only

being required at the tunnel. lilight of

the most powerful electric locomotives

are be'ng- built for the scrvico, which

illcludcs switching in the station yards.

Countless electric lamps will make the

tunnels two strcaks of light from end to

end, and, free from gas and smoke, the

tunnel walls will be clean and white.

l’crl‘cct vcntilation will be afforded thru

the shafts at the river sidcs, as thcy are

to be permanently constructed of concrete

walls. ’l‘rains running only in one direc—

tion will create a constant current of air

thru citt‘ll lube.


An average speed of about twenty-five


(11) 175


miles an ho‘ur will be maintained in the

tunnel, and the passage of a limited train

will be made inlseven to eight minutes.

The distance from summit to summit is

a trifle less than two and a half miles.

Trains will be protected by perfect block

signals so that no train or locomotive will

enter one tunnel until the train preceding

it has passed beyond the summit on the

other side. Every other safeguard known

to the railroad world will be installed for

the safety of travelers and the trainmen.


CHILDREN AND THEIR PETS.-—-I.


BY HATTIE WASHBURN.


Children, with their pets, ever form

pleasing and artistic pictures. W'hen we

look upon the living, breathing subjects

in close compani~nship as they are por-

trayed by the artist's pencil, or limncd

on canvas by the paintcr‘s brush, or when

the camcra-artist at the supreme instant

sccurcs an cxposul‘c of an artistic and

unconscious pose, there is ever a touch

of nature in the picture that makes the

\‘.ho'e world kin. 'l‘he l'Itlo girl with

kittens, the boy and his faithful dog, the

human pct of the country household feed-

ing the cilickcns, or the children with

their pony, are hackncycd subjects, yet

the pictured stol‘it's are told and retold

with no diminishing of thcir popularity.

Pictures of childrcn with the lower ani-

mals, from that of the, tiny chap holding

a huge bull or stallion to the wild bird

tamcd to eat from the hand of a natu-

rniist—rollc of those favored children

whom the unchrsal mother they love

and worship (-vcl‘ keeps as children in

their relations to her despite the ﬂeeting

_\‘\":tl‘S~—;l]>1lt‘ill to us all as no pictures Of

liloso subjccls alone could cvcr do.


The rv-m‘ons for thc cat holding such

an important place :llllnllg‘ pots ul'w in~

ctunpiu-hcnsiblc to many. The philoso-

pher nuiy say what he will, people will


Always Keep a Cat on Hand.


continue to fondle that small member of

a family characterized by feroclousness

and cunning. ’l‘hc physic'an may point

to the dangers threatening children be—

cause of the close companionship. yet

the cat continues to be a feature in

unnumbered households. The child

throwing aside inanimate playthings may

handle, the cut, perhaps unlcarncd still

despite wcll directed scratches, and pi“?-

haps inflict wanton cruelty upon the long-

sui'l'cl‘ilrt:~ pussy. ’l‘hc naturalist may

pl‘oyc beyond doubt that the cat as

an cnclny of our fcathcrcd benefactors.

of the wild, ranks sccond to none save

man, yct the suggestion given by tho

camcra—humorisl, “Always keep a cut on

hand," is, followcd, while scientific advice

so often fails.


Part of Sanilac County, Mich.
is


W .vi,.f.;2£~..;~}. A. Ti ‘


~.a~a....u.‘..,. a. ,,._,_ . .


..,..._. -wd..-


176 (12) -

PEEPING THRU' MEMORY’S noon.-


BY MRS. TAYLOR. HARRIS.

Peeping thru memory’s doorway,

What do you think I see?

Two little barefoot youngsters—q-

They look like you and me.

Have you forgotten, dear Annie,

How you and I used to play

When we Were two little tomboys,

Happy the livelong day.


Riding the horses to water,

Guess that was what we liked best.

Snagging our toes in the stubble,

Hunting the ‘turkey hen’s nest;

Down in the pleasant old orchard,

Climbing the “sweet apple" tree,

All thru the bright summer weather

Two happy kids were we.


Down to the pond we’d go ﬁshing

\Vith a bent pin and a string,


Trudging back home, oh, so hungry!

Never a ﬁsh would we bring.


Many’s the time we would wander

Down to the clover ﬁeld, too,


We knew the very fence corner

Where the wild strawberries grew.


Two little tomboys they called us,

Little we cared tho, for that,

Morning to night we were busy,


Never had time for a spat.

Looking for owls in the daytime,


Tumbles we’d get by the score,

Pleasant the visions I see when


Peeping thru memory‘s door.


IS THE SECRET SAFE?


BY GLADYS HYATT SINCLAIR.


“A bird’s nest. Mark it well, within,

without.


No tool had he that wrought, no knife

to cut,


No nail to ﬁx, no bodkin to insert,


No glue to join; his little beak was all.


And yet how neatly finished! \Vhat nice

hand


With every instrument and means of art


And twenty years apprenticeship to boot,


Could make me such another?”


—Ilurdis.


Many an old bird’s nest have you seen

—-did you ever examine one closely? Did

you over notice how perfectly it is ﬁtted

for its use? See how light it is, the nest

of a sparrow weighing less than two

ounces. Yet it has supported the weight

(-f four or live babies and the mother

bird for several weeks.


See how smooth its lining. \Vhat deli-

aclc beauty of building! Yet strenglh

was not sacriﬁced to beauty, for the nest

stood the crowding and nestling about

of the growing youngsters and hard wear

from the constant coming and going of

the old birds. It was so strongly built,

cunningly placed and ﬁrmly fastened that

not all the winds of summer could tear

or loosen it.


\i'hat human parents could care for

even one tiny baby in. so satiny a place

for even the fifteen days of ordinary ncst

life and leave the home so daintily clean,

without the iirst trace of damage or dis-

order? Yet three families of birdllm;.

are often raised in one nest during the

summer; and after the lilih- mid-air

lzome has been soaked wviih autumn rain,

filled with snow and buffeted by winter

winds it frequently serves the second

summer. Truly,


“\Yhat nice hand,

\Vith every implement and means of art?”

could make from such simple materials a

thing so light, so neat, so synnnctrical, so

comfortable, durable and strong? Robt. .T.

'iurdeite says that he tried it. This is

how he tells of the performance: “Yes-

tcrday the l'rim-c found a last yl-ar's

bird’s nest. ’l‘in-rc was nothing in it.

And there wasn't much outside of it. 1

took it to pivcz-s to show the boy how the

bird might have improved the nest build-

ing had she possessed the wisdom and

skill of the immortal human intellect.

The Prince appl-arcd to be profoundly

intcrt-sicd. Ills inlcrcst deepened when

1 bt‘kgan to reconstruct the nest on scien-

tilic and intellectual principles. It con-

tinued to increase. It fairly boomed as

my difﬁculties developed and multiplied.

But I got the nest together at last and

laid it on a log and looked at it. The

Prince only said: ‘IIoh! “hat a nest"


“lie was correct. The most destitute,

homeless tramp of a bird that ever hunt-

ed wcrms would have died without pos-

terity rather than lay an egg in such a

nest as I had made. It was awful. An

old shoe was beautiful and graceful com-

pared with my nest. A passing crow

looked down and saw it and with a ‘caw’

of derision carried the news to the buz-

zards.”


Now, next time you are fortunate

enough to spy a bird’s nest, stop and

think a moment. What a wonderful

secret you hold! In one sense, the future

of this happy little family is in your

hands. The birds have chosen this sway—

ing bough, this fence corner or this par—

ticular tuft of clover, unconsciously

trusting in God that none but lovi.ng

hearts may ﬁnd them—that the dear

babies may there be safe from harm until

they can be taught to care for them-


» THE MICHIGAN FARMERJ


selves. Is the secret safe with you? Are.

you to be trusted? .


Yes? That means' that you will not

only never destroy the nest, nor rob it.

but you will not touch the eggs nor go

to see the nest oftener than once in two

days. More frequent visits are apt to

frighten and worry the old birds until

they give up the nest and go away. YOu

will never scare the mother bird off it

if you can help it, and (this is very im-

portant), you will be most careful who

shares the secret with you. In such

matters our tv‘ngues sometimes do mis-

chief that our hands would scorn to do.

The secret is not yours, but the birds'

secret and you are bound in honor to keep

it. Indeed, such a beautiful, delicate bit

of news is not a thug to be bawled

aloud to any who will listen. It is a

thing to be gloated over and treasured;


whispered, if whispered it must be, only‘.

to one whom you are sure. sure i kind‘


and careful enough to guard thepreeioua

little home even as you guard it.


THREE CENTURIES AFTER HUDSON.


(Continued from page 174).


board the “Half Moon.“ He intimated

by signs his friendliness and an invita-

tion to return the visit. llis hospitality

was so evidently sincere that it was ac-

cepted. Mats were Sprcad upon the

ground for the comfort of the guests.

Not only pigeons, ﬁsh and oysters were

cooked, and served in red wooden bowls,

but a very special dish was prepared in

their honor. This they undoubtedly would

have enjoyed more had they not seen it

prepared. A line fat dog was killed, the

skin deftly removed by means of sharp-

poilllt‘d stones, after which poor doggie

was roasted.


They were urged to remain over night.

and the old chief was greatly disappointed

at their decision to depart. Fearing his

pale guests distrusted their host after

dark, he ordcrcd his IH'oplc to bring all

their weapons to him, and in the prcSeneo

of the visitors the bees and arrows Were

broken and cast into the lire. This was

true hospitality, altho of a savage type.

This is said to have taken place whero

the city of Hudson now stands.


The interviews with the Indians werl-

not always so peaceful, however. At one

time they grew so timiliar that, with

their natural love for gay colors and

trinkets, the savages Were allowed to

visit the “Half llIoon.” They indulged

so freely in their “adroitncss” at ap-

propriating various articles that they

were driven from the boat, and a few of

them Wore shot.


On October 4, Hudson set sail from

New York harbor, arriving at Dart—

mouth, liInglanol, on November 7. Alth’)

lu- had not {tccolllpllslwd the main object

of his \‘ovagc, he and his crew were not

only warmly \vciconn-d by relations and

friends, but the Dutch East India Com-

pany listened eagerly to the news of the

wonderful river, the line land and the

omit number of furbcaring animals,

such as the Ottc‘ and beaver, the skins

of which were commanding a high prh-n

in Europe. They at once made arrange—

ments to carry on a fur trade.


in loss than a year the Indians again

saw the white man's boat on their wat-

('l'H. \\'hcn they learned that the object

of their visit vas to secure the skins of

the animals which were so numerous,

tin-y gladly exchanged these pelts for

bright—Colored cloth, bcads and other

trinkets. In lﬁlﬁ four log huts \Vcl'c built

on the lower end of Manhattan island to

Slll'ltvl' ihc traders. If Hudson could now

come to New York, after these three

transforming centuries, his astonishment

\‘.'l)lll(l lw grcaiv-r than that of the Indians

on his first arrival.


In 1610 he made his last voyage. He

discmwrcd a strait westward from Green-

land and,‘ sailing on ihru it, came into

the bay that now bears his name. It

was a cold, bleak country, provisions

were running low, and part of the crew

mutinied. They forced Hudson, his son

and seven men who bravely stood by

their commander, into a small boat and

set them adrift. Then these miserable

wretches hurried off for home. Altho

search was made, no trace of the cast-

aways was ever found.


The burial place of Moses, who led the

children of Israel, is unknown~so is the

grave of Hudson, who opened the way

for the settlement of a great country.

He needs no sculptured marble. His

name, tho writ on water, will never be

effaced from the bay, strait and river

that will ever bear it on their ebbing

and ﬂowing tide.


Read the article “Our Free Prem-

iums" on page 172.


i


' [ BOND

Fuux PRorEcrsYou


OTS of manufacturers are keen to tell

you what their goods are made of. They

give you a beautiful Word picture of a marvel-

/ one and mysterious “gumf' that only they can

/' produce. Others tell yoii of the real “rubber"that

,‘7 ’ they use-and so on.


”17/, Regarding Congo Rooﬁng. we have only two statement.

///' to make:


l¢//I-'irst—We believe it is the best ready rooﬁng mode.


Second—Because we believe that, we give a gonuino Surety Bond

with every roll, which guarantees three-ply Congo for 10 yearl.


These bonds are issued by the National Surety Company. and they

are as good as a. government. bond.


No other rooﬁng manufacturer dares give such a. guarantee.


You take no chance when you buy Congo.


There is no “gum” in it to make it sticky; there is no rubber in

it to get brittle. It is made of the best rooﬁng materials that it is

possible for us to purchase under the best manufacturing conditions.

Because it is made right. it gives such satisfactory service that we

are not afraid to issue a Guarantee Bond to back up ‘every statement

we make.


Ask on! other manufacturer for a. Red! Band and see him Gum.


Booklet and samples of Congo free on request.


UNITED ROOFING AND MANUFACTURING CO. ,

Successors to Buchanan-Foster Co. ,

535 WEST END TRUST 31.00., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO


INCH -~ It


Repeating Shotguns


NDORSED by the U. S. Ord-

nance Board. The choice of

over 450,000 Sportsmen. Used


by Charles G. Spencer, who led


all other trap shooters in 1908 with


the unprecedented record of 96.77%


for Ix,r75 targets; and by ﬁve out


of the ﬁrst eight men for the year.


Winchester Shotguns are safe, sure,


strong and simple; they are


/

THE REPEATERS THAT OUTSHOOT ALL OTHERS.


The Farmer’s Friend


The Maxim—silencer prevents all explosion noise. Does not interfere

with balance, sighting, velocity or accuracy, Reduces the recoil (kick)

over 60 per cent. Can be put on or taken oﬁ 1n four seconds.


It is the Sportsman’s delight, even 1n darkest Africa. Hundreds have

been sold in all parts of the country. Order yours today and be ready for

the Fall and Winter season. It will outlast the Riﬂe. Gunsmiths can ﬁtit.


Supplied by Hardware Merchants and dealers in Gun goods or direct from the makers.

Write for Free Catalog.


FITS ON ANY RIFLE


SILENCEB DETACHED


MAXIM SILENT FIRE ARMS c0.. Room 852. 38 Park Row, New York.

Branch omce: PHIL. B. BEKEART 00.. 7:7 MARKET sr.. SAN FRANCISCO.


a Lar e . _

learn Telegranhv'é‘lunv": AGENTS


k

Rolling Pin. Nine articles combined. Lightning Belle:


11 men and women to ﬁll R. B. and Gov. poul-

tiglgll Tghorough Instructions. Expense! for course 3”“ph fr“ P038535 MFG- °°n 3“ 937 ”W. 0


24 weeks’ tuition. board room Including‘type-writ-

Ing..85. Positions guarénteed'graduates. Cuts. free. WHEN writing to advertisers just any “st


IIARION TBLIIGRAPIIIC SCHOOL. Box 15.!arion.lnd. your ad. in the Michigan Farmer."


”sir
.. .... _..........‘.. anaemm-m.--“ . . ,. . no . H... . . .1... ...,..hn «an... :..o-m~m ..


- - 1 " a . t


SE”; glam. I. \ WHE MICHIGAN FARMER _ . (13) 177 -

‘ A ' ' . ~. ; :eeeav monmue GLORY. . _

‘.?*‘Pl‘9"l.;l‘:"¥l "r 3 'i , .


._ uni“) tiome

' .... .- A - .- BY G. H.‘S.

" ; TETI?O[T 90'1“ andt3_o‘i~- ﬁne day I round a tiny1 mite night


' i ,..., ~~~ ~ ;- 1 - s hard as sone. as ac as _ ;

‘ ‘ “V M” (PCS 7' iachmc 'I guessed his name‘and guessed it right; _

'Twas Bobby Morning Glory,


' where arm you can have lenty


“Foiog‘mumm ht In 'every room oip your 9” . ’d


house ' installing the Detroit Combination. “What do you want. I asked. he sai .

‘ Gas if no. ‘ “I want a bath and then a bed;

A Emil)”; "ﬁght‘ﬁc’tﬁi‘eﬁnx' I must be sheltered, warmed and fed;

so 00 s. c ur . .. , .

"pecmnzi ‘ll’m Citytg‘bstatiln 301132” I m Bobby Morning Glory


0 are DO 0 .

EI‘hisysystern of lighting I made a bed all soft and warm,

ll Cheﬁperthanlny other And tucked away from hurt and harm,

form 0‘ "(at “1‘13”” Away from frost and Wind and storm,


R0 UNIV 0 ’ '

PerfeCt m ta. A 8“ Wee Bobby Morning Glory.


‘ g‘lg'x‘l‘t‘gog‘lfﬂa‘: “Pug: Up popped his head, which wore a hood; ”Ill?” 3””16[‘”[[ps ”(IPA/WING _


hotly safe. as fuel is ' . .. , . _


"ma ogdzigidoifiyttlhg Nen' g3?§”cxasped hands sald’ 111 be ‘ MATITE roofs need no painting. The owner need never look at.


31323:! Board of Fire But then he stopped and stood and stood; them; they take care of themselves. They‘are no-trouble .

«i» humanist-lit: B... Bobby Mom... do... roofs. They present to the weathei it“ ”“7”?“ swift“ “33"“


I 11 mp - (1 'nd and snow are a so u e y power ess. is su . ace


city °°“g“' ”'nd 1' ready “Oh, dear,” I questioned, “don’t you know . WhICh Storm an Wl . . .


‘°’ “'9 “my “m“ “m” That you are lots and lots too slow? does not require constant painting like the smooth surfaced or so-called


gigggggiigr'gggfgglgg; Why don't "0“ ““1” “p and grow’ “rubber” rooﬁngs. The mineral surface is far better than paint.


: tandnrd for Sir Bobby Morning Glory? .

» 33330 5%: Over 16.000 . Of course before Amatite came, the “smooth surfaced” rooﬁng-s were

I H I ‘nrsiiccfimmg fgdggne ”Don't ”on my do“; I’m gmwmg 5‘0““ the best kind to buy. Now that Amatite has been invented and thoroughly

. I q i): ‘ r ; v x‘ > . . a

. . "I PA“; lamp: .35“... Why not §51%;'£‘1§V€‘d}§2‘ge;§ £%.§°$§1fb£g.tout :1 tested by yearsIOf. use, pamtmgﬂa roof is wasteful and unnecessary.

it]. {Uh/‘3‘ "“",‘"l‘%§§€§}%§§§¥g§3 siiid‘Bobhy Morning Glory. ’ The cost of plainting a “rubber rooﬁng from year to ear Will soon

a . ‘ ‘" 3230‘; prim and 72. . _ _ cost more 1: an_the roof itself. That is why everyb y who knows

9‘89 b°°k”1“gmm“°' one day 1“ June he ”led to Cl‘mb‘ about rooﬁng is buying Amatite nowadays. It needs no pamtmg.

Evening Hours.” And then such racing. chasing times, . .

notnltlioatlnz&l|zhﬂnl 00.. Such FObin 03115 and . ”1-" (”mikes Amatite is easy to lay. Anyone can do the work. Large headed

3'” “‘3'" 3“- MM“ "M“ For 1301“” Mommg Glory' nails and liquid cement come free With every roll.

all?!” fno “net ever 8’59? .Sot q‘tliCklv We shall take pleasure in sending you a sample of Amatite

'i i tinny urn an WIS y ric< -

And baby leaves so green and thick ’ Wlth 0111‘ compliments upon requeSt- ‘

As Bobby Morning Glory.

Thiskmorning, under sunny skies, C

He opened wide two. deep blue eyes BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

That smiled at me m .swee} surprise; New York Chicago Philadelphia Boston.

Dear Bobby Morning Glory! ‘ 0 ........... Cincinnati Minneapolis Cleveland St. Louis


Pittsburz New Orleans Kansas City

How do I know—yet cannot see—-

The tliots of butterﬂy and bee? ?

They talk to him. and he tells me.


Who? Bobby Morning Glory.


._..—__,..;__

KINKS. m [E [E

Kink l.—Five-Letter Squares.


First One.—-No. 1 means whiter: 2, in-

fatuated with; 3, likes; 4, uprigit; 5,

freslies. %


Second One.-—No, 1 means tangles; 2, n -


place: 3, a body of water; 4, liquiiics; 5,

judgment.


wear well

and they keep you '

dry while you are

wearing them

9.9.

EVERYWHERE

GIIAM/lfffﬂ WATEPAPOORE"

047/1106 ma- , 1-


I‘iz.‘ - ‘ _._ ..-.___ -. #._._


Kink lI.—-Recipe.


ht/Zat is the 6001: making?


4/” , _ _ \


,TOWER CANADIAN C0. UMiTED. Tonou'ro. CAN,


*SfAM-MEBING


Cured to Stay Cured by the

Reed Method.

Most complete. systematic and effective meth-

od ever devised.

Thousands of cures—70% having previously

tailed at other schools. /

Endorsed by the late Alexander Melville Bell RECIPE.

‘ and other eminent Authorities. _

-- Do not be misled by “Guarantee to Cure” or ' Take one-Illtlt

V ‘_ other trade-catching schemes devised to divert ' /of d f III

-* inquiry from their method and to get vour money. , can yiom‘ 0‘" . . 0

M i‘ﬁlﬁ-d‘cggfgi'ﬁrﬁ‘ge i: no t ' of a bouquetmnefouﬂh

ore res s a e . a en - . n

times more in whole course. than in any other OI A Pig) One-Illth OIAIM'; ()u 86 al

sccggpol togdthe cure of stammering in the world. . one-fourth of corn, One-thud

ore. rose.

of butter n on - I . . . .

REED SCHOOL. 381 Hubbard Ava, Detroit. MichJ a d “on th (“5?“). . A good paint is one of the cheapest things you can buy, Just as a poor

. paint is one of the most expensive.

YDUIG “A"! LEAR" ATRADEI Prizes for Straightening Kinks. A good paint properly applied to your buildings not only preserves them

I n ' . . .

%ﬁ%‘i§§ii§$ﬁpf§‘s¥fr}%lv§iﬁ°"&g BotthETROIT (0:193:19 2:13:10: 05001191}: 03,2110 tlglillIIflti‘Eét from the weather but saves the necessuy for repainting frequently. A poor

0 ers sopportun- ' "0 4i .‘ ‘c‘s 3 i i‘cc is. l . . ~ - ( . . .. . ,, .

1637' Brtclglsytnsg‘. Pigvsvtelrl'ng, Plﬁl‘lixnbing' Plrlnung’ will give “hm”, “f u naming.“ “f 50 paint not only fails to protect the buildings but must bi. ILIILVILLI more oftcnci

atohma 11%. 811 H08. heat can pment. )ost—eurd. re )rescniing :1. trii around the ' ' ' _ ’ ( ' . - ‘ . « " ‘ ' 00

most modern building—Also courses m College Pre- Iworlil. u imp: ul‘ “(Mnerete IConstruction The cost of painting 15 one third paint and tuo thirds labor. lhereiore a g

pnrntory work. Bookkeeping. Shorthand. Mechanl- on 11... p. ,1... ,. m. .. hum...” m, paint is a double saving just as a poor paint is a double loss.

cal. Electrical and Coeoperative Engineering, Saies- '\\‘ _ ‘ . . ' ‘ ‘ l . '

manship and Advertising. investigation will de- lieie, contestant or some member. of his

monstrate its value. Send for speclnientnlogNOW. family 18 not ’H l'li'gulm‘ subscriber 3.

Address D‘lfTﬁoéTAl‘EgHNlfAlﬁlINhSTITUTE yonr s SllI)S(\‘,r|plliln (inc) tmustt accomlpany ”E” W,”- IL 1 MMS AlN’ S

. . . .. etro t. c . answers. .1 nsu'crs mils no reaCI' us

later than Sept. 23, as correct solutions

Don't Throw itAwa 9°f5“,Y°‘J’g',’a“”" 3'53" «1&3;quill-”11:32.11?i:3) 11113;:lefiltxptthLi’L-liig'iin are paints made by the largest manufacturers of paints iii the world: They

~ ‘" Ho ‘3'" “'9 Lea ' $215,310}. ’ " ‘ ' " L make a right quality product for every purpose. They can furnish the right

. “mm Answers to Aug' 7'_Hidde" '"SCCI‘S' paints for painting barns, out—buildings, houses and fences as well as wagons,

“”5” The lciii'l‘s which indicate the insects . d -‘ It '1' 1, , t‘

Theymendallleaksinallutensils—tin UFO in black face. with tllc names of the. buggies an agrlcu 1”“ lmlu’uu'115‘

<9 : ggguifggg’l‘ij’égrggggxgS-ﬁggfazirybggg 11180018 in parenthesis after the ﬁnished A coat or two of paint applied in time and in your spare time will prolong

Q canhsethem;iitunysurfaceﬁw-omillinn WM“! When 1h“ Min-k 1:1(‘0 li'tlcl‘s (.10 no‘ f f h d fII ll" T

k in useﬁﬁeind forsamplepkg. 100,. Complete (lcl‘liiitely spell the ‘lll'Si‘Ct name. . the h e 0 eac an every one 0 1830 ‘m55°

i g {alﬁw 502.9332?Poalgnslidi;stm:;m§te§l. “III“? Narratliye. mild Urxplle t\th‘lirht It0 There is a Sherwin-Williams dealer in your town who can tell you just the

' ' ' ' l )lll' l'l‘rl (IS 105' Si" 011‘ l) mu ’0 . . . . . . . - .‘

a flight “wimp”... <l:i,\': ‘-V\7hut‘11 you “ﬁt right Sherwm-Williams ﬁnish which Will exactly meet the requirements you

“'9 ‘10“? “‘1‘“ "L .tumbm? B'g‘me ”‘lmble have in mind. Send for booklet “Paints and Varnishes for the Farm”~—its free.

"a bug) With your tears!” answered \Vilbur.

- Soonssvetheir cost. Mokeeverywagonssprlng a \X’e may fly. 2"” I‘lgllt todarv. Anyhow

melon: therefore fruit. vegetables. eggs. etc.. W011 have to “'5' “lg“ fillkh‘ W1” be calling

/ bringmoromonoy.Ask forspeciulproposltion. our machine. a humbug.” So they cranked -

“3"013Pr‘n500-y752'17thSt-i RuineﬂVh: up. and she sailed off like, {I mighty bird

/ . ”5—. , ,“‘ —-———- and skated edifyingly (katydid) up and '

‘ ~.- ,»- . j: 9;:- 5..._-. ,. down and around in the sky. Said Gen— ”/3”

v/ > . oral Miles to General Miller: “\"Vlizit do ’

~/ \g _ ‘ )Oll supp-rise the other birds think of the


aeroplane‘s warble?” Said General Miller


_. ', ,. ...___.__. \

u?” Free Trial To You I a . ,

to General Miles: “lm more inquisitive

about What they think of that stink bug-

l'l El , P WAN I ED gcr’s tIpollutin’ atmosphere up there.”

.ust ion the aeroplane begun to jigger I '

[Iagglgrgfeﬁgménog:32;”:5dtgogséqg’aﬁg“£01113“ “1d and dip. A Dutchman, when he spied her ”0" t Pay TWO Pﬂces IOI' SIOVGS & Ranges '

I . . . . ermanent doing that, remarked: “I pct Ol‘ﬁllc, ho I...___.___,__|luyat FactoryPrlees,Save$18.oo !

Universal House. 352 Wabash Ave. Chicago. no“; say to Wilpur. “it moost pe we vill ‘ ’ HOOSIER STOVESJ

1300 .V S0011 quick Slitl‘lke bottom ai‘eddy Are Wonderful "Fuel Savers and Easy

“A'TE -—CEl‘ISUS OFFICE C'LEBKS. RAILWAY HAII: yet!’ n And they did. They dove t‘lgllt Bakers.” The20new 1910 improvements

CLERKS. City Csrnors,Poltoi‘ﬁce Clerks. Ex . . . make them the ﬁnest stoves and v‘

aminutions everyWhore November 17“]. 360060 81500 yearly. down into a IltlIO CI‘ICk. Its bed bog


Aunuolvacstion. Commoneducation sufficient. I’olitlonlinﬂu- (bed bug) W'as 80ft, SO they didn’t get tanggsgtialtlggggfilihn bdlyy’cnhoguglg’:

oncennnecelsny. Candidatescoaohedfree. Writoimmediate- llLlI‘t, OXCGDT when General Miles ex_


,o’hr‘i;**o§r


.. Sawing your summer's wood

, with the DIAMOND SAW:

FRAME AND SAW. The very}

best nude. FULLY GUARAN-L

\ l TEED. All styles of frnmu.’


. ‘ All sizes of Saw Blades. Ask

your neuter! dealer, or write direct to the factory. Primed;


such low unheardof Factory prices. ”

l! for schedule. Franklin Institute. Dept. K52.Bochester. NJY. claimed, ‘ ”That was a da m n _ sell fly . ﬁﬁoosiers are delivered for you nutter free. NEW WINONA MFG CO

(damsel ﬂV) I” The I. i h . to use 30 days free in your own home , . . _ .

U MAY WIN .500 In cash or one of 100 other ‘ - ‘ y cproae 9d hlm for before you buy. A written guarantee “0 W, Fifth Stu“, W[NONA’ MINNESOTA


: Y0 h' ' l’t

‘ in e cash rises by acting as our agent. Bum. 1S {"190 1 911093. . with each stove. backed by a. Million

1 pie ouch? tree. :10 experience or capital necessary; VVlnneI‘s of Aug. 7.— licmda S. Guyer, Dollﬂm Ournew 1910impr0vements on ‘


mum-n Earned ot Trenton. N. 1.. made over Anna M. Dixon, Nina ubbard, Ross H. m"°“”'°'“‘°'”“mm“Wm“ “verpmduced' .— ion the MICHIGAN FARM

A:llooo in her spare time: write us today. McLEAN. Smith, Florence McLouth and Grace B. FSond Postal Today for Free Catalogue. ALWAYS mem E“


BLACK a 00.. In°-- 407 Beverly St-- Boston- Mass.- Cooper. IIOOSIER srovr FACTORY,130 State St, Marion, Ind. . “he“ 5’“ a“ “mini! ‘0 “““ﬁsers'

' l


u
i an... ..


:mudﬁvlaunnxnimu} . .. ... .


..._.......,.


178’ (145.“ . '


THE MICHIGAN . FARMEB.


OF INTEREST e:—

~i© TQWOMEN


Shall We Send Our Girls To College?


That is the question a great many


fathers and mothers are now pon-.

dering over. Is it essential? Would it

really beneﬁt her? Father thinks she

should be given the chance, but mother

says she never had a College education,

and She has made a good wife. She in—

sists that she will not have her datghter

going to the city to be a stenographer or

clerk, and that is what she will want to

do if she is allowed a higher education.

She doesn‘t need it to be a good house-

wife, so what‘s the use? Decsn't she

need it? Right there, mothers, is where

you are making a grave mistake. Do

not be afraid of educating your daughter

away from the farm. Remember what

was considered a fair education for 'a

girl a quarter of a century ago, is insuf-

ﬁcient new.» -


After the girl has ﬁnished her little

home schOol and considers herself a young

lady, she soon grows tired of the routine

work of the house. Shehas nothing in

particular to occupy her thots. She has

had no training in any particular line.

naturally, drudgery is all she sees ahead

of her. The same old thing from morning

until night. Then it is that the lure of

the city calls to her, she reads some story

in which the fair stenographer is the her—

oine in a thrilling episode, she becomes

discontented with her let and resolves to

leave the farm. ' .


If she is sent to a good school, a new

world is opened unto her. Vi'hen vacae


S HOULD we send our girl to college?


tion days come she is glad to get back

to the old home. She has learned its

value. She is full of new ideas and theo-

ries and anxious to try them. VVhen'her

course is completed, if the proper condi-

tions are met with at home, she is ready

to bring her knowledge of mathematics,

chemistry, physics, sociology and ethics

gained at college, to bear on the house-

hold problems. She can reduce the work

by systematizing it. She will reduce the

amount of supplies by combining foods

properly. She will be willing to take up

the work of the home in a scientiﬁc and

useful manner. She has a broader view

of life, plenty of bright thots to occupy

her leisure moments, and no longer eon—

siders the work a drudgery because her

educated individually is allowed exer-

cise. Then there is the personal side of

the question, the real gain to character

It is lifting your daughter into the. posi-

tion of a cultured and well educated

woman. It gives her a polish and stand-

ing to enter any kind of society, and

enables her to do for herself, if the oc-

casion should ever arise. It places her

on an equal footing with the scientiﬁ—

cally educated young farmer whom she

may marry, or the well informed business

man of the city. She graduates into mat-

rimony a self—educated home maker and

when her young husband is struggling

with the ﬁnancial world, she is able to

sit at his elbow and plan with him, a

true and practical helpmeet.

ELISABETH.


BEANS, ANCIENT AND MODERN.


Boston baked beans are no joke—more

money is spent each year at the "Hub,”

in buying beans than would buy the larg—

est battleship in our navy. More than

a dozen years ago the gross receipts in

Boston \Vt'l‘e more than 68,000 barrels of

ﬁve bushels each. 'l‘hCSc, sold by retail-

ers, brot on an average 1‘3. cents a pound,

or a grand total running up into millions,

for one year.


California has a “Bean Ring," with a

ranch of 7.000 acrcs devoted to the culti-

vation of beans. It is said there are lil‘;

distinct varietics grown in Ventural

county, and one year 1,000 car loads were

shipped from there, and Zloo car loads

from Santa Barbara county. They are

harvested by spccial machinery.


As food for the army the bean has no

equal. A noted army officer; says they on

the soldier's mainstay—he can ride and

fight all day on a mere handful of beans,

properly prepared. He also says, "your


heelebratcd ‘Boston bakcd‘ are but a few


imitation of the succulent article turned

out by a regular army cook. I've been

on service when for a Week at a time

our menu consistid of beans for break—

fast, bcans for dinner and beans for

supper; and did the troopers tire of the

monotony? Not a bit of it. They sang

for more, and in spite of hard Work and

lack of variety at mess the fellow's actu—

ally got fat. That demonstrated to me

the nutritive duality of beans.”


An cld soldier abhors rice, but never

refuses beans.


‘xen. Grant, altho he probably ate less

than any man in the army, and nevrr

complained, was a most difﬁcult person

to cater to. Fowl and game, considered

a treat to others, were his especial aver—

sion, but; he always enjoyed pork and

beans.


The Great Napoleon’s favorite dish was

bean salad.


The Mikado of Japan likes bean soup.


Among literary men we find Dr. Cyrus

Townsend Brady an enthusiastic sup-

porter of beans as an article of food. and

in this rcSpect, he is in full accord with

Morgan Robertson, f~r the latter is so

fond of beans that he has himself in—

vented a 'mcthod of cooking them.


The bean was cultivated, to a small

extent at least, in ancient times, in Pal-

estine. and in Egypt. The Roman family

of Fabii are said to have derived their

name from the Latin name, (faba), of"

this plant. It is mentioned twice in the

Scriptures—in 2nd Samuel 17:2. and Eze—

kiel 4:9. But, What is now the common

food of all, was, as late as the reign of

Henry VIII, a luxury of the upper classes.

This much married monarch Was very

fond of them, and imported a gardener


from Holland, who found that English

soil would grow beans every bit as well

as Dutch.


To turn from past hard facts to present

light fancies, we quote:

“The day of the oyster has passed away,

Ills season was up on the first of May;

llut let this thot give us comfort and


cheer;

Beans are in season thruout the year."

~15. L. R.


WHEN FLIES ARE TROUBLESOME.

BY E. i»). R.


The late summer and autumn flies are

more annoying than earlier in the season.

In the house they gather thru every pos—

sible avenue of aecess, and once there it

is a task to get them out. Since we are.

coming to realize what an unmitigated

nuisance these pests are, and that then

prcScnce is an actual menace to health,

housewives are more than ever particular

about kepeing the home free of them.


Many and varied are the resources

adopted in dealing with the house ﬂy.

First of all, screens that fit must be in

every door and window. Those of the

portable style that are placed under the

lower sash are not satisfactory for when

thcy are removed in lowering the sash,

llics will slip inside. The best ones are

full length and fastened in place from

the outside. A favorite gathering place

for the winged invaders this time of the

year is upon the outside of the screen

doors, particularly that leading to the

kitchen, where they are ready to enter

when it opens. A shcct of sticky fly pa—

pcr tacked to the top of the door will

discourage lllCSl‘ attempts.


Probably the most effective method of

dealing with flies after they gain an en-

trance into the house is by means of

powdered Dyrcthrum. The fumes of this

kill»: or thoroly stupefics them while it is

perfectly harmless to any other than in-

sect life. Iiy closing doors and windows

then burning the powder on a hot, stove,

or on a piece of hot iron, every fly and

mosquito in the house can be killed. A

stove—lid made, quite hot is convenient

for this purpose and can easily be. car-

ried from room to room. The insects

must be collected and burned clsc, some

which have been only stupeﬁed from the

effects of the, drug will come to life

again. The powder may be, blown into

the air by means of a small bellows sold

for the purpose, or a baking powder can

with holes punched in the cover may be

employed, but the room must be closed

and the powder freely used in any case.


After a house has been fumigateld in

this manner there will always be a few

strays which have escaped and for these

handwork will prove not diﬁicult. At

the bazaar one can buy the lithe wire


ﬂy' killers made for this purpose, but.

those made at home are quite as good.

Take a piece of ordinary wire screen the

size of the hand, lay a few plaits in one

end and fasten with tacks to a wooden

handle. “'ith this it is easy to kill a.

ﬂy without crushing it iri the least. A

folded newspaper is a fairly good substi;

tute, but not nearly as effective.


A farm house is not easily kept free

of ﬂies because of the animals kept in

its vicinity, which attract them, and

because ﬂies breed in the refuse about

stables. But by allowing no uncovered

garbage pails near the door and by taking

advantage of every known means of ex-

terrrrination in and around the house the

number may be greatly reduced. For

the few that linger, the wire instrument

described will prove a sure means of

destruction.


THE SPICES WE USE.


BY IRMA B. MATTHEWS.

Ginger.

[The second in a series of articles on

spices].


It is perhaps hard to determine which

one of the spices should stand second in

importance, so I have chosen ginger,

after some consideration, as being the

one most used in nearly all families,


Ginger is very unlike pepper, however,

instead of the seed as is the case with

that spice, the part of the ginger which

is used as an article of commerce is the

root.


The ginger plant is a native of the

East Indies. Altho the plant is perennial,

it has an annual growth. The leaves

which are long and smooth are produced

in pairs, and the stems from which they

grow are something like a reed. The

flowers are produced on short stems in

small clusters and are white marked with

purple.


The cultivation of the ginger plant is

very simple where the conditions of cli—_

mate are suitable. It loves a moist sit-

uaiion. \thn the stems wither the root

is dog and prepared for market. First

it is immersed in boiling water in order

to kill the plant germ, then it is dried

in the sun. The process yields what is

known to the trade as black ginger.

\Vhen the roots are carefully scraped a

white ginger is the result.


The uses of ginger are manifold. As

a. remedy it is often employcd in the

home, in cases of cold or sometimes for

stomach trouble. As a spice used for

flavoring it is too Well known to require

any comment. The Chinese employ the

root in making a sweetmeat that has

begun to be imported into this country

in considerable quantities. It is preserved

ginger, made from the fresh root and is

worth eating, I assure you.


Altho used in such quantities at the

present day we were not the discoverers

of the ginger plant. It was well known to

the Romans, who claimed to obtain it

from Arabia. Altho, as before men-

tioned, it is a native of the East Indies,

it is also cultivated now by other coun-

tries, the V‘Vest Indies and China being

the principal countries that raise it to

any great extent.


There is a plant that grows in North

America that is often called Indian or

wild ginger, and it is sometimes used as

a substitute for the real ginger. It is

aromatic and pleasing in taste and is a

slight stimulant as well as a tonic. In

Java there is a plant known as the

broad-leavcd ginger, that is sometimes

used, but it lacks much of the spicy

qualities of the real ginger.


SOM E FAVORITE RECIPES.


BY MARY FOSTER SNIDER.


Italian Steak.——Put a tablespoon of olive

oil in a frying pain. When it is hot put

in a pound of round steak, cut into small

pieces. Over this slice one large onion

very thin add five or six cloves, and salt

and pepper to taste. Simmer very slowly

for two hours. Then add a large cupful

of stewed tomatoes (canned will do), and

cook until thoroly blended. Stir in one

cupful of cooked macorinaoiaoinctaoin

cupful of cooked macaroni, grate over the

top some stale cream cheese, and serve

at once. This is very savory and a useful

way to use up left-overs.


Veal Croquetlose—Heat one cup of milk

in a double boiler; when it boils stir in

two tablespoonfuls of flour mixed smooth

in one tablespoon of butter. (‘ook and

stir until thick and smooth, then mix

with one pint of cold cooked veal chopped


fine, salt and pepper to taste, and two.


tablespoons each of onion juice and chop-

ped parsley. Form into croquettes, egg

and breadcrumb, and fry in deep hot fat


SEPT. 4. 1909.


‘ IT WORKS

The Laborer Eats Food That.

Would Wreck an Office Man.


Men who ’are actively engaged at hard

work can sometimes eat food that would

wreck a man who is more closely con-

ﬁned. ,


This is illustrated in the following story:


"I was for 12 years-clerk in a. store

working actively and drank coffee all the

time without much trouble until after I

entered the telegraph service.


“There I got very little exercise and

drinking strong coffee, my nerves grew

unsteady and my stomach got weak and

I was soon a very sick man. I quit meat

and tobacco and in fact I stopped eating

everything which I thought might affect

me except coffee, but still my condition

grew worse and I was all but a wreck.


“I ﬁnally quit coffee and commenced

to use Postum a few years ago and I am

speaking the truth when I say, my con-

dition commenced to improve immediately

and today I am well and can eat anything“

I want without any bad effects, all due to

shifting from coffee to Postum.


“I told my Wife today I believed I

could digest a. brick if I had a cup of

Postum to go with it.


“XVe make it according to directions,

boiling it full 20 minutes and use good

rich cream and it is certainly delicious.”


Look in pkgs. for a copy of the famous

little book, “The Road to Wellville.”


“There’s a Reason.”


Ever read the above letter? A

new one appears from time to

time. They are genuine, true-

and full of human interest.


ROOFING


Like Laying A! Wholesale

3 Carpet. Prices

Anybody


You’ve got- the price. now

get the SAMPLE that we

postpay to you, FREE.


E WANT to give you the beneﬁt; of our low, inc--

W tory wholesale prices on No.1gunnnlood Breeze-

Bros. Roollnn. Look at these prices, which in~

elude all freights paid. Now, if we could show you the.

high quality of “Breese Bros. Rubber Roofing” you

farmers—not; one of you—would ever buy any other kind.

Let us send you generous free samples of this I, 2 and

3-ply rooﬂn so that you can see the high-grade, long-

ﬁbre-wool el’c, saturated in hottest asphalt that forms-

the body of “Breese Bros.” Roofing; and tell on all

about our water-proof lire-resisting process t at en-

ables us to place almost: an unlimited guarantee on our'

roofln .

Ordegr direct from price-list below, or give name and

get; free samples. prices and fullest facts regarding the-

most durable rooting ever made.


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MENTION THE MchIGAN FARM!!! when

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~sizi15‘1'. 4, 1969. .


to a golden, brown. Ro'ast veal :is better

for croquéttes.‘ ‘ .


Cottage Cheese Salad.—-Beat the cheese

with one—feurth the quantity of chopped'

walnut meats and a little whipped cream.

Put a. large spoonful of the mixture on a

crisp lettuce leaf and place a spoonful

of boiled salad dressing on top. Serve

very cold on individual plates.


Water Cress Sandwiches—VVash, then

dry the cress by. pressing in a clean cloth,

remove the stems, chop ﬁne, season with

salt, pepper and a few drops of lemon

juice; mix to a paste with the mashed

yolks of hardboiled eggs, and spread be-

tween thin slices of bread and butter.

Cut into dainty shapes and serve for

lunch or tea.


Japanese Jelly.—Soak one ounce of gel—

atine in one pint of cold water for one

hour, then add one-quarter pound of loaf

sugar, the rind of one lemon and the

juice of two. Place over a slow ﬁre and

stir until the gelatine is thoroly dissolved.

Whisk the whites of two eggs in a little

cold water and stir quickly in the gelatine

as soon as it is all dissolved. Let settle

a few minutes, then strain it thru a jelly

bag, pouring it back a few times un‘il

quite clear. Pour one-half pint of boiling

Witter over a teaspoon of black tea, let it.

stand on the back of the range for ﬁve

minuteS, then strain it off. Add the tea

to the jelly and stand it in ice water

until nearly ﬁrm; then stir in gently one-

fourth pound of white grapes and two

tablespoons of pitted cherries (with the

juice drained off), pour into a wetter

mould, and set on ice until ﬁrm. Serve

with whipped cream. This is a pretty

and delicious jelly.


Banana Cream.——Pee1 ﬁve large ripe

bananas and pound the fruit to a pulp

with ﬁve teaspoons of powdered sugar.

Beat half a pint of good sweet cream to

a stiff froth, add the juice of a lemon and

the banana pulp. Dissolve half an ounce

of gelatine in a little cold water, then add

one-half pint of boiling water and strain.

Whisk this gently into the banana, put

in a mould, and set in a cold place until

ﬁrm.


Coffee Custards—Make one-half pint

of very strong coffee, cool, and add it to

one~half pint of thin sweet cream, fOLll-

eggs beaten lightly, and four tablespoons

of granulated sugar. Strain into small

cups and put them in a dripping pan

Put boiling watcr into the. pan until it

reaches half way up the cups. Set in a

moderate oven and cook very gently until

the custard is ﬁrm, Serve ice cold, with

or without Whipped crcam on top.


Rice Meringue Custards—Cook until

very soft, four tablespoons of rice in

plenty of boiling salted water, drain, add

one pint of milk, a pinch of salt, half a

cup of sugar and the beaten yolks of four

eggs. Coil], add the juice, and grated

rind of one lemon, pour into buttered cus»

lard cups and bake as directed for coffee

custards until iirm. Make a meringue

with the whites of the eggs and four

tablespoons of powdered s gar, and return

to the oven for a minute or two to brown

very lightly.


THE SEER—ET OF MAKING coco

BREAD.


BY ISAAC MOTES.


“'hile some housekeepers may not un-

derstand the best process of mixing in-

gredients, failure to make good bread is

due more often to improper baking than

to improper mixing.


'l‘o bake bread properly, whether bis-

cuits, rolls, gems or corn Inutlins, rc—

(uiircs a hot oven at the time the bread

is put in, in order to scar ovcr the out-

side, forming a thin crust or blanket,

which keeps the moisture from drying

out. Being confined within the loaf by

this scared surface, the moisture gen-

cralcs steam and gases from the baking

powder or cream of tartar, which raise

the bread and make it light. The oven

should not be hot cnoug'h to harden the

outside of the loaf too quickly, but only

enough to form this tough, clastic sur-

face. It' the crust becomes hard im-

mediatcly it is put into the oven, the

bread cannot rise, as the. quickly formed,

bard crust on top holds it down. (in the.

other hand, bread which is put into the,

oven before it is sufﬁciently heated will

be dry, tasteless and chalk—like, since the

heat was not sufﬁcient to form the film

until a great deal of the moisture had

escaped. Yet this is exactly the kind

poor people. in the city generally bake, be-

cause in (rder to save gas they do not

have their ovens hot enough at the begin-

ning of the, baking. So neither very

quick baking nor very slow baking iS

proper.


It the even is excessively hot it may

be closed for a half minute after the


bread is put in, until it is seared over,

then-opened an inch or two and kept

open until the bread is a. light, golden

brown. The oven would better-be too

hot than not hot enough, as it is easy

to regulate the heat by opening the door

slightly.


The heat should also be steady and uni—

form. The best cooking_ is possible,

therefore, where coal or good seasoned

hickory wood is used.. This accounts for

the fact that country people have the

name of being better cooks than people in

the cities. They use good, old-fashioned

stoves or steel ranges, and burn either

coal or good seasoned wood. It is :1

shame to spoil good bread in the baking.

after it has been properly mixed, when

it is such a simple matter to bake it

right.


GRASS STAINS.


It is very annoying to have a pretty,

light dress ruined with grass stains. This

is the time of year when the children are

liable to have their White dresses stained

with grass, and if the off-ending spot is

not properly handled at once, it may not

wash out, thus ruining an otherwise good

garment. .


Sometimes, if the stain is a slight one,

it will wash out with clear water and

ammonia, but not usually. A simple rem-

edy is to spread molasses, or a paste

made of soap and baking soda, over the

spots, and let it stand for a few hours

before washing out. Another way is to

keep the stains moist and let it lay in

the hot sunshine until the spots turn

brown, when they can be washed out with

clear water. Grass stains are soluble in

alcohol. but it is not always safe ’- use

it on very delicate colors.


CLEANING OLD LACE.


You should never clean old laces with

gasoline, and for a. Very good reason.

The gasoline, which is the far—famed and

proverbial grease-remover, will take the

natural oil out of the lace threads, VVlllCll,

it must be remembered, are a vegetable

product, rendering them crisp, stiff and

liable to snap.


Lace should ﬁrst be soaked in cold

water, then shaken in a bottle in luke-

warm water, to which has been added

the n‘lcrcst pinch of borax. This should

be thoroly rinsed out, to prevent its rot—

ting the dclicate fabric. “'hen lace is

very handsome it should ﬁrst be busted

to old linen to keep it from stretching,

and it should be speedily taken out of

the hottest rays of the sun when thoroiy

dry. There is no necessity for scorching

it indeﬁnitely.


PINEAPPLES AS MEDICINE.


Oranges and lemons are. not only valu-

able by rcason of their potash salts, but,

especially, for their citric acid. A case of

paralysis of the entire right side is known

where the 7'nice of oranges, adopted as

a rcgunar dict, appeared to perform won-

ders, together with chicken broth. As

an 'aid to digesti<>ii~a really material aid

—the pineapple stands alone among all

the fruit. Its vegetable pepsin neutralizes

or, perhaps, rather, digests albuminous

substances in the stomach. Fresh pine-

apple—or, better still, the fresh juice of

one—placed in direct Contact with eggs,

or gelatinc, or milk will prove this fact

conclusively by producing a bitter tasting

dish. In cases of catarrhal ailments of

the throat and in its downward connec—

tion, the alimentary canal or tract, pinc<

apple cannot be overcstimatcd and it acts

with equal force in malarial affections.

Many cases of sore throat have. been

greatly benefited by eating raw or cooked

pineapple. if the throat is too sore. to

swallow the fruit, take the juice and

swallow scvcl'ul mouthfuls of it every

little while. It is a good idea to put up

Several cans of pincapplc in the summer,

when they are plentiful, to have in case

of Sl('l{llk‘SS in the winter.


REWARD OF REST.

BY ALONZO RICE.


The golden gates of morning open wide,

A million hammers on the anvils heat;

A stir down forest depth or city street,


Proclaims again the mighty human tide


Is pulsing, that all life my be supplied

From purest founts. I hear the rush


of feet,

The, pastoral song of those who stop to

eat

Their oatcn fare, along the streamlet’s

side.


I see the plumes of smoke when day is

done,


The ﬂaming forges ﬂashing in the night;


Then songs of home arise at set of sun,


As swallows twitter in the fading light;


By these we know reward of rest is won


Alone by those who labor with their

might.


~


‘ ’ ' ‘ THE 'mcmeAn FARMER. . no 179


i lll9’9"llllll


\. "" “it

lb 4 it'llllllluolltl ll

‘ ill


bill


Reliable

Telephones .


Use the same judgment in buying a

telephone as you would in purchasing

a cream separator or a team of horses.

,. Buy only that telephone which you are

. sure you can depend upon. In other

words buy only


Mlﬂtﬂﬂuffk


Rural Telephones


They are absolutely reliable—they can be depended upon for the best

of service day or night—good weather or bad-in emergencies or for

ordinary business.


Western Electric Rural Telephones are of the same high quality as the

4,000,000 “Bell" telephones in daily use, and are made by the same manu-

facturers. This means the most reliable and economical service possible.


We have an interesting Bulletin, No. 76,

telling all you want to know about rural

telephone lines. Write your name and ad-

dress on this advertisement—mail it to our

nearest house and we will send you a copy free.


WESTERN ELECTRlC COMPANY


New York, Boston, St. Louis. Denver,

Philadelphia, Pittsburg, write our Kansas City. Dallas,

tlanta. Omaha.


Chicago, Cincinnati, Nearest "0030 San Francisco, Seattle,

Indianapolis, Minneapolis. Los Angclcs, Salt Lake City

Northern Electric and Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Montreal and Winnipeg.


_ ”urn:


ALLOWAY $35333:


S!“ F. from $50 to $300 by buying your gasoline engine of 2 to BJAhorse-powcr from

a real engine factory. Save dealer. jobber and catalogue house proﬁt. No such oﬁer

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history. Here 15 the secret and reason: I turn them out all alike by the thousands in my

enormous modern factory, equipped with automatic machinery. I sell them direct to you

for less money than some factories can make them at actual shop cost.

All you pay me for is actual raw material, labor and one small proﬁt (and I buy my

material in enormous quantities).

ny‘body can aﬁord and might inst as well have a. high grade engine when he

can get in on a wholesale deal of this kind. I'm doing something that never was

done before. Think of itl A price to you that is lower than dealers and

Jobbers canhuy similar engines for, in carload lots, for spot cash.

. n engine that is made so good in the factory that I will send

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a,


Get Galloway’s


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ENGINE


Write today for my beautiful new 50-pngc ”Engine Book in four


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gasoline engine on the farm. \Vrite me—


Wm. Gall'oway, Pres" Wm. Galloway Go.

845 Galloway Station, Waterloo, Iowa


Keep l1: Off The Cows

’Put It On The Fields


No matter how hard you try you can't make an old stable with dirt floors

and wood partitions sanitary—you can't keep it clean and sweet. Wood parti-

tions gather dust and disease germs. llirt lloors with their trumped-in liltll

should never come within a stone’s throw of your milk pail. When a cow LT” "if

her feed and her milk yield falls below normal, look to your stable. It may be

as clean as you can make it; but. that may not. he clcau enough. Equip your stables


The Loudenwayi  


then proﬁts will not fall off. The row that is host treated gives the most

milk—the best. milk—tho richest Hulk. She has :i heap of cow sense. She 1:

1‘WWW iatoa light. and air. and she will see that you get your nmney back

for making her home modern. If you “'ill but A London Litter

Carrier to Work behind her. your boys or your man will clean the

barns in less time and with less labor. We liavo been ﬁtting up burns

for :30 years. We will be glad to give you the benoﬁtof this cxpericzico by

BIIL tin;r what you need for yours withoutnny expense to you. Send for

(‘lell Hz. to number of cows you llil\l‘ and submit roll-1h sketch of stable.

LOU


l I] .

DEN MACHINERY COMPANY, 003 Broadway, Fairﬁeld, Iowa.

' ' l

mpena . ee ange .

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To Prove Its Wonderful Work In Baking, Cooking, Fuel Savmg

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The old-fashioned “Dutch Ovens" bukcd hotter than tho best “all-metal"

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The Old “Dutch Oven" Restored and Modernlzed

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This greatest of all improvements in range construction adds im-

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surpassin vadvantago. None does such perfect wot l The even

bout of t to SOLID SLAB 0F STONE in the bottom insures even.

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log and Spectal Price. Address


THE IMPERIAL STEEL RANGE COMPANY. 130 State St. CLEVELAND. OHIO.
_ - “"13; :.


.180 ’ no ,1 l H '


HOW TO PRESERVE A HUSBAND.


Sounds strange now, doesn’t it, but

preserving time is upon us and it has

lately dawned upon my mind that there

are other things to preserve besides

fruits and vegetables One of the most

important of perishable things that we

wish to preserve is a husband. Now, this

preserving a husband is a new departure

in the culinary art, and I have no doubt

but many of you would like the recipe.


The ﬁrst thing to do in preserving time

is to select the fruit, so likewise must

you select your husband. The home-

grown ones are the best, I think, altho

the foreign ones, like foreign fruit, are

sometimes palatable. Husbands gwwn in

the tropics of pleasure may look very

ﬁne but are often found exceedingly stale.

Select one found on a family tree, grown

on the sunny side of a church, one Who

has been in the habit of sometimes enter-

ing, for in the church -he will find only

that which helps to sweeten, strengthen

and enoble home life. Be sure he is

sound at heart for unsound husbands, like

unsound fruit, often have to be sorrow-

fully cast away. If he is rotten at the

core you might just as well throw him on

the dump as no amount of preserving will

make him palatable. If he has only a few

bad spots you might cut them away and

preserve the rest. That is, if he has a

few faults, you might with sweetness and

forcthot, reform him. Still, the risk is

great, it might be a waste of sweetness

and labor.


Now, in choosing a husband do not ex-

pect too much, no man is perfect, re-

member that, even the sun has spots upon

it. Keep a clear, steady ﬁre of love un-

der the preserving kettle, throw in plenty

of sweetnlss, vinegar is never used in

sweet preserves, you know. If you think

he needs a little, spite, use it with cau-


‘11, too much may have a decidedly bad

effect.


Do not keep continually stirring him

up, as he might lose his temper. So be

sparing of your vinegar and spices, as

you can make mistakes far more easily

than you can rectify them. “Love in a

cottage" does not always demonstrate

that there is no room for a difference of

opinion, altho such may be the case

sometimes. The aVerage woman displays

great judgment at a bargain sale, but in

choosing a husband, she sometimes gets

the worst of it. If eVery woman was as

careful in selecting a husband as she is

in choosing a dress to match her com-

plexion, there would be less misery and

fewer divorces in the world. Love does

not always teach wisdom when a. wom-

an’s heart is big enough to love without

understanding, when a woman’s feelings

are strong and deep without. making

her understanding narrow, when her in-

tuitions do not warp her judgment, and

that judgment is bounded and broad—

ened by charity, then may that woman be

counted as one blessed above all others.

For she is the woman who is wise heart-

'ed, she is the woman who will know just

how to preserve a husband‘s love and

trust, and know just the right amount of

sweetness and spiels to be used. Don't

stand on your dignity with your husband,

for it does not pay. Men have many and

varied Dt‘vllliul'itios which are totally in-

comprehensible to a woman. You must

trust your husband, make him think he

is the one man; then the natural good

qualities he may possess will help to pre-

serve him.


Keep a wateh on your words, for words

are wonderful things, they can bless and

brighten a life or they can cut like a

dagger and prick like a. needle. Do we

fully realize how much of the happiness

and good cheer of home life depends upon

us. Husbands have to be managed after

a fashion and each wife knows best how

to manage her own husband. \Ve all

have faults and if trouble comes between

uS, no human lic‘ng can aid you. You

will have to live your own life. It will

rest between yourself, your husband and

your God. The faults of your husband

cannot be discussed with your friends, if

you are a loyal wife,


One of the hardest lessons women are

called upon to learn is, not to let the

lack of what they most desire make

them unhappy, but to cheerfully make

the most of what they have. Make the

most of your opportunities for making;

home bright and happy.


So in preserving a husband great care

and judgment must be used. It might,

with some husbands, be just as well not

to use too much sweetness, as a little tart

is very acceptable to some palates. You

might try preserving him without much

swetness, and if he ferments, boil him


THE f’MIeHI'GAN’i'r‘FARME’Rz


down, throw in a little sweetness of

wifely sympathy and a few honeyed

words and in that way keep him fm

a while. Surround him with an atmos-

phere of good, wholesome home life, use

the vinegar and spices sparingly, for

marriage teaches both the man and wo-

man tolerance, patience and tenderness

Many women die with an uncrowned life

work, but God’s benediction, “She has done

what she could,” is more bleSsed than the

World‘s applause bestowed upon an aim-

less life.—C. 8., Berlin.


CANNING CORN‘.


We are told that the reason corn does

not keep well when canned is lack of acid.

Doctors tell us that any canning com-

pound sold for the purpose of keeping

canned vegetables is harmful. I want

to tell you of a recipe which I have thor-

oly tested and which is far better than

any canning compound.


New cans, covers and rubbers must

be used. The corn must be in the milk.

Do not gather till ready to use. Cut half

the kernel from the cob and scrape off

the rest. Salt as for table use. Press

as tightly as you can into the cans, so


the milk ﬁlls the space between the:


kernels. Fill the can within one or two


inches of the top; screw on the covers,1


without rubbers, and put in a boiler or


large flat-bottomed kettle, with the huskS'


of the corn beneath and between for

packing. Fill the boiler with cold water

up to the can covers and bring to a boil

which must continue steadily three hours

for pints, and four for quarts.


“'hile the cans are boiling preparei

some fresh tomato sauce; have it very?


salty and when the corn is done, remove

the cans from the boiling water, one at

a time, ﬁll to the very top with the boil—

ing tomato sauce, put on the rubber and

screw down the cover at once. The to-

mato sauce ‘will stay right on top where

you put it and supplies the. acid which

will make the corn keep. “'hcn you are

ready to use the corn remove the sauce

with a spoon and no taste of it will be

left on the corn. If you prefer you can

use quart cans and fill half with corn

and the other half with tomatoes, but

in that case you Would salt only as for

table use. The secret lies in the long

boiling and getting them sealed While

the corn and tomatoes are hot.


“hen the cans are cold wrap each one

in paper; put them back in the crate in

which you got the cans; put some papers


nV‘t‘l‘ the top, then the cover, set in a.


dark corner of the cellar until ready

for use. ——K. T.


PUTTlNG UP PLUMS.


Stem and wash, and to every pound of


plums allow three—quarters of a pound of;


sugar. Cover the fruit with sugar and

stand aside over night. With all small

fruit it is best to allow them to stand

covered with sugar for several hours be,-

fore covering as it keeps them whole

much better. In the morning, put sufﬁ-

cient to ﬁll two cans at a time in your

kettle, bring to a boil, simmerglntil’ soft

without breaking. Skim and can as

directed. You may prick the plums with

a needle before putting" on the sugar, if

desired.


BABY’S PRAYER.


A golden head bowed at my knee,

A little figure clad in white,

Two dimpled hands clasped reverently,

As holly kneels to pray, each night.

No hour so quiet, nor so sweet,

No scene of childhood days more fair

'l‘han this, when Faith and Reverencc

meet

Together in a baby's prayer.


Not blessings given of men she asks,

Nor favors for herself alone,


Not more new treasures, easier tasks——

(treat harvests reaped, with little sown.


For those she loves, my little child

in gentle accents intercedes,


Granting our hearts are. reconciled.

(‘ontcnt with all our gifts and needs.


“B’ess Mamma, Papa, Santa Claus”—

A blessing on each one. of kin.


And then the scroll of love unfurled

l-Inough to take the world all in. '


“ Tess all my brovcrs, sister, too,”

For small companions boy and girl,


Then with one all-embracing plea—-

“B’ess cv’rybody in the world!"


Oh loving, guileless, childhood heart, .

That throbs with not one selﬁsh thrill,

That sets no human soul apart,

Wishes no living creature ill.


The incense from thy guileless soul

The angels waft to Heaven above;

God tune our hearts to Baby’s prayer—

“Bless ev’rybody in the world!”


i

i

I .


l

i


hands.


{DQ‘IOIUI-FOIN—


The dome sheds water—prevents rusting of tin.


Patented wind-break inside of solid one-piecedome. “A Prisca

Lantern don’t sneeze.”


The heavy ﬂange plate with incurlcd edges sheds moisture.


Reinforced metal here—no raw edges to cut or scratch the


Heavy, specially selected Prisca globes-crystalclear,


These wire clamp guards hold globe secure when tilted back

for trimming wick or cleaning burner.


Large brass burner, with one-inch wick ready for lightlnﬂ.

Not a cheap tin burner.


Patented ﬂame expander gives 25 per cent. more light.


Lift is positive and entirely behind tube—does not project

to catch on clothes, obstacles, etc.


. The horizontal perforations in globe-plate keep wind fromstrlk-

\. '0 lug ﬂame—therefore, prevent flickering.


makes lantern burn better.


I I, Larger, stronger oil {cunt—contains more oil, lasts longer.


OU buy a lantern for the light

it gives, so you ought to buy

the one that gives the most of


it. You ought to buy a Prisco. . . ‘

The wind can’t blow it out, you can’t Jar it out, and

it don’t take an extraordinary pair of eyes to see that


it gives a lot more light.

You see the Prisco has


is the best lantern that can be made.


so many advantages that it

There’s our pat-


ented. ﬂame expander, for instance, that gives 25%


more light. The practical


lift to make lighting easy.


The patented wind-break to keep the wind Where it

ought to be, and a host of others we haven’t room here


to talk about.


All these things combined make Prisco


lanterns so good you’ll wonder how you got along with-


out them for so long.


x.


We have a book on lanterns we call “ Lighting the Farm." We want


you to have a copy because it tells all


some of its contents are probably new to you.


there is to know about lantern: and

It tells how to get more


litht out of any lantern and how to use that light to best advantage.

Fill in the coupon and mail it to us today.


THE PRITCHARD-STRONG COMPANY


Circle Street


o


Rochester, New York


Pritchard-Strong Co.. 18 Circle St., Rochester, N. Y.

Gentlemenz—Please send me a free copy of your


book “LIGHTING THE FARM.”


Name


Address


Dealer


Address


o a

Bargain Sale of V ehicles

190 Show Room Vehicles to be Sold Cheap


Absolutely in ﬁrst class order. Never used except for

exhibition purposes in our salcSrooms. ’1'}!ng arc/new.

The very finest products of our factory, To be sold at a


big discountto make room for new goods.


State your wishes. ’l‘helist includes buggies,

runabou ts, curries. delwery wagons, carts.

stanhopes. phnetous, pony carts. ( to.


We will send Murray’s Catalog free with bargain:

marked, or the numbers if you have a. Catalog. It’s

the largest catalog ever published, devoted exclu-


‘ sively to vehicles and harness. New catalogissued


yearly. Don’t delay. Write atonce and getﬁrst pick.

The Wilber H. Murray Mfg. Co.. 332-3383. 5!]: St, Cincinnati, 0. U.S.A.


Catalog

free with

Bargains


Marked


Wyﬁ‘gé)


HARTSHORN

SHADE ROLLERS


Bear the script name of

Stewart Hartshorn on label.

Get, " Improved,” no tacks required.


Wood Rollers Tin Rollers


THREE DAILY PAPERS


For those who would like to have

three daily papers a week, we have ar-

ranged with the New York Thrice—a-

'Week World so that we can offer it with

the Michigan Farmer a year for only

$1.40; that is, both papers 9. year each

for that price. Send orders to us or

thru our agents. .


THE MICHIGAN FARMER, Detroit.
' . SEPTz‘ 4, ' 1909.


YV‘VVYVVYVYYVYVYVVYYVYVVV

..


VETERINARY :


— AAAAAAAAAAAAAA'AAAAAA“


CONDUCTED BY DR. .w'. c. FAIR,

CLEVELAND OHIO.


Advice thru this department is free to

our subscribers. Each communication

should state history and symptoms of the

case in full; also name and address of

writer. Initials, only will be published.

Many queries are answered that apply to

the same ailments. If this column is

watched carefully you will probably ﬁnd

the desired information in a. reply that

has been made to some one else.


Warts on Cow Teats.—Will you tell me

how to remove warts from my cow’s

teats? G. W. E., Carson City, Mich.—

Cut off those that have a neck and apply

acetic acid to those that are ﬂat, once a

day. Apply borac acid and powdered

alum equal parts to sores once a day.


Cough—I have a horse that has a

slight discharge from nose and also has

a bad cough. A. Bryan, Mich—Give.

1/2 dr. powdered opium, as (it, powdered.

lobelia, 1/; dr. ground nux vomica and

1 oz. powdered licorice at a dose in feed

three times a day. If the throat is swol-

len apply some iodine ointment twice a

week.


Barren Cows—I have two cows that

came fresh last spring; neither of them

have come in heat since. S, 8., North-

ville, Mich.—Giving drugs to such animals

produces poor results. Dilate the opening

leaﬂng into the uterus with ﬁnger, this

may excite the generative organs into

activity. Also give 2 drs. powdered cap--

sicum, 1 oz. ground ginger and 1 dr.

ground nux vomica at a dose in feed

night and morning.


Paralysis—I recently lost a fat hog

weighing about 175 lbs. He had been

lame in hind parts for three or four days,

but appeared to have a good appetite.

Have fed him corn on ear, also wheat

and oats. There are two others of the

same bunch that are Very lame. E. R,

Belleville, Mich—You had better discon-

tinue feeding corn and give them more

oats, wheat bran and a little oil meal,

with plenty of green clover or grass.

Also give 25 grains carbonate potash at

a doseto each pig night and morning.


Asthma—Roarer.—-I have a 5—year—old

mare that had distemper last sprig;

since then her wind has been affected.

Our local Vet. thot she had bronchial

trouble. F. Z., Marine City, Mich.—

Horses that have trouble in breathing

after having had distemper are usually

affected in throat. The throat may have

changed enough to make it impossible

to relieve her. Apply iodine ointment

to throat twice a week. Give her 1 dr.

powdered lobelia, 1A; dr. ground nux

vomica, 2 dl‘S. muriate ammonia and 1

dr. lobelia at a dose in feed three times

a day.


Clover Poison.—My five-year-old mare

with colt by her side eight weeks old,

has a white face and nose and appears

to suffer from clover poison. Her nose

is inflamed and her eyes are also irri—

tated; besides, her tongue is also rough,

as if affected by the clover. This ap-

pears to be a new disl'ase in this 10-

cality, affecting the white-faced horses.

J. P. " Falmouth, Mich—You under-

stand that animals with a white skin or

dark colored animals with either white

faces or white legs are always more

tender on these white patches. I have

no doubt you are right, the clover has

set up an inflammation of the skin. Dis—

solve 1 oz, borac acid in a quart of water

and n'aSh out mouth twice a day. Dis—

solve 2 ozs. sugar lead in a gallon of

water and wet lace mice a day.

course, she should be kept away; from

clover pasture.


Foot SereneSS—Brittle H-oof’s.——Please

tell me what to do for a horse that has

tender fore feet. When the foot is tapped

it appears to hurt him and when trav—

eling on hard roads he ﬁinches consider-

able. The farrier put a sole leather pad

between hoof and shoe, but little, if any

good results. Hoof is quite brittle and

he has but little heel to nail shoes to.

I have applied fish oil to coronct for some

time, which seems to promote hoof

growth, but don’t help lameness. There

was no lameness until dry weather set

in. R. G. B., Coloma, Miclr—oYou will

benefit your horse very much by standing

him in wet clay not less than three hours

a day and apply lanolin to hoofs once a

day. Later in the season, or even now,

it will do no harm to blister coronet

lightly with cerate of cantharides.


Septic Infection—Abscess—Cough.—On

Julie 5 one of my mares gave birth to

twin colts. The largest one was weak

and crooked. 'thn about three weeks

old he began to cough. A country doctor

thot he had caught cold and another Vet.

told me to give him oil of tar and kero—

sene in small doses and to rub chest with

kerosene and fresh lard. Another young

Veterinary told me not to give the oil of

tar, but suggested cod liver oil. Have

tried all these remedies and some others

without producing any good results.

About a month ago I thot the. colt would

die. His cough grew worse, his appetite

failed and he lost ﬂesh rapidly, but ﬁn-

ally something broke and he discharged

3 whole lot of pus, since then he has

improved some, but coughs badly. What

had I better do for him? H. J.. R.,

Carleton, Mich.~—First of all, your colt

came weak and shortly after birth suf—


fered from navel infection resulting in

abSCess of, perhaps, the lung which

broke and has now possibly healed. The.


abscess was perhaps located near the

bronchi, causing a bronchial cough, which

will, no doubt, in time, come all right.

Give 20 drops tincture opium, 10 drops

tincture belladonna, 5 drops tincture nux

vomica and 30 drops syrup squills at a

dose in a little milk or sweetened lwater

three times a day. As soon as your colt

begins to thrive I believe the cough Will

trouble him less.


\~——r-' o,


'


'

H-419.

, W/Wwwm.¢ 75—2


l


\ngﬂgm ,4 .

[ k

Horse Blankets

are low in price, but high in quality.

The material is extra good and the

making right. They're worth twice

the “two-ﬁfty" your dealer asks for

them. Larger than other low—priced

blankets (84x90 in.), unusually warm

and tremendously‘strong. If you own

a. horse, you can’t invest $2.50 to greater

advantage than to put it in a 5A Storm


King Blanket. Sold directly from fact-

ory to dealer—you get the saving.


Use a 5A bias girth in the stable. Look for

5.4 slay under strap—then il's genuine.


WM. AYRES 8- SONS.

PHILADELPHIA. PA.


Steam Power


For Farm Use


Best because sure. cheap. safe,

easily understood. works in all

weathers. Nocoaxingor

annoyance with a.


ENGINE


It’soa Willing servant.

You are master. Always

dependable. Styles and

sizes for all uses. Book

free. Send now.


James Leffel 8: Co.

Box 230. Springfield, 0.


ARE THE BEST


why? Because of the outside igniter,


modern open cooling system, straight.


line valve motion and ball-bearing gov-

ernor. Thousands in successful op-

erntion because of. our years

of experience in building the best.

Seven sizes: 1% to 16 H. P.


Send for our Free Catalog and

our Catechism telling ﬁfty-seven

reasons why .tlcknoy En-


l/ ‘IIIO. are th‘ 3081'.

Azeuts everywhere sell them.


Slickney Gasolinelingines


Charles A.Siiclmey Company


MAIN OFFICE 6| FACTORY ST. PAUL.MINN.


l’llSave You $50


On a Manure Spreader

,. If You’ll Let Me


This is Just a little ad—but a postal will bring my Blg

Book—and give you my $50.00 Saying Price and Special

Proposition. You can save as much answering this little ad-

vertisement as if it covered a page.


My Spreader positively will do better work andlast longer

than any Spreader made—no mat- ,

tor what the price—so why pay $50 . ~.

more? 20,000 lormolo hove ;,_,

otnmpod ”Mir 0. K. on .g.

my oprqodor and monoy . '.

oovlng prloo. My Special

Proposition will interest you.

Just a postal addressed to Gal-

loway of Waterloo. Iowa, will "‘ "‘

bring you everything postpaid.


Wlll You Pay o Penny For

Tho Pooh! and low. $50.00?

Address Wm. Collowoy. Proo.


WM. GALLOWAV GO.


049 Galloway Slo. Wotorloo. lo.


THE *~MIGHIGAN-~ ,FARMER


GREAT


HULSTEIN


SALE

BLT. 20 & 21


Stale FairNGrounds,


DETROIT, MICH.


l50-Hoad-l5ﬂ


Catalog now in printers hands.


The Mich. Breeders Consign-

ment Sales Co. are


M. I. Shoreman . . . . Fowlerville, Mich.

I). (‘. Pierson . . . . . . . . . . .Hadley, “


F. It. (.‘randall . . . . . . . . . . Howell, “


F. J. Smith...... .Byron

J. ll. Johnson. . . .. . .Farmington

F. It}. Eagar 4k Son . . . . . . Howell,

H. W. Norton. . . . . . . . . . . Howell,

J. W. Worthington . . . . . . Howell, “

Eastern Mich. Asylum. .Pontiac,

Reed d: Knowles. . . . . . . . . Howell,


H


UY Herd and Flock Headers at Kalamazoo. De-

troit and Grand Rapids state Fairs, 6 Foiled Dur-

ham and Angus bulls.10 South Down and Hampshire

Roms. of Clover Blossom Herds, Pt. Austin. Mich.


HEREFORDS=‘£2‘§.i§.‘°il&“§il:§if

China hogs. R. E. ALLEN. Paw Paw. Mich.


- - . HICKORY GROVE drool:

Holstein-lineman:- mm. o... momma...

B. 1. Oak Grove. Lelv. 00., Michigan. Bell phone


n0LSTEINs—Registered bull calves for sale. A

few extra good ones at $75 each.

I. M. SHORMAN. Fowlervllle. Mich.


NOLSTEIN FBIEgIANS 3§£S.yheii§3ceaté§


Royal King. W. . JONES. Oak Grove. Mich.


75 REGISTERED HBLSTEINS,


from which I want to sell at once 25 cows and heifers

2 2-year old Bulls and 3 Bull Calves. Special induce-

ments to qulck buyers. L. E. Conuell: Fayette. Ohio.


TOP NOTCI‘I HOLSTEINS.


Top Notch registered young Holstein Bulls com-

blnlng In themselves the blood of cows which now

hold and have in the past held World‘s Records for

mllk and butter-fat at fair prices.


McPHERSON FARMS CO.. Howell. Mlch.


Rog. Holstein Bull For Sale.


Kori Pansy Knrudyke. No. 48497 H. F. H. B., 2%

years old. He is from the great imported Karl Boss

who has the greatest ofﬁcial backing of any bull ever

Imported. His mother has an ofﬁcial record of

17.06 lbs. butter in 7 days and In full sister to Lillian

Walker am who has a 7-day record of 23,448 lbs. of

butter on a 2-year-old: bull’s mother has a much

better record this year. The Bull is In line form and

la a sure sire. producing fine calves. about 3;, of them

heifers. J. B. STEERE. Stanton. Mich.


STOP!


At our booth in the Main Exhibition Building

and get n free sample of HyZeno. a dip.


THE HYGENO DISINFECTANT C0.,

Cleveland, Ohio.


Ontario Veterinary College


Established 1862; taken over by the Provincial

Government of Ontario 1908.

Afﬁliated with the University of Toronto. under the

control of the Department of Agriculture of On-

tarlo. College opens October 1. 1909. Course of

study extends through three college years. Fees

per session, .75. Calendar on application.

E. A. A. GRANGE. V. 5.. n. 5. Principal,

40-46 Temperance St.. Toronto. Canada.


B"; BARGAINS Registered Percheron Stallion


' 5 years old. sound: 25 registered

P. 0. hours: 50 registered sows; 75 reg. Shropshire

rams; 150 reg. ewes. J. C. BUTLER. Portland. Mich.


BllilillI-IIIS' DIRECTORY.

- CATTLE.


ABERDEEN-ANGUS.


Herd headed by UNDULA'I‘A BLACKBIRD

l'l‘O 83836. one of the best sons of PRINCE ITO

50006. cm! Grand Champion Bull .2 the Detroit

and Grand Rapids Fairs of 1907 and 1908. Herd 0%-

slats of Eric“. Blackbirds. Prices. etc.

WOODCOTE STOCK FARM. Ionlo. Mloh.


BOIHDMAN SIOGK FIRM, ‘ Holstein cattle,


JACKSON. MICK.

Has more Imported Holstein-Frieda" (Yows

than any form In the Middle West. Registered

BULL CALVEB of the most fashionable breeding. 30

ﬁne. registered. Duroc Jersey sows due to furrow soon.


ORBALIC—One three-yenr—old Jersey bull. 7 grade

Jersey cows, 300 lb. butter producers. due to fresh-

on Ioon;(i yearling heifers. J. M. Pork, R. 5, Coopersvllle, Mich.


ERBEY Bull Calf born Feb. 9. ’09, first calf of a

heifer whose dam gave 7344 lbs. of milk in ’08,

Sire’s Dam’s record 10.060 lbs. in 10}2 months.

THE MURRAY-WATEKMAN (30.. Ann Arbor. Mich.


Lillie Farmstead Jerseys.


We have some splendid bull calves for sale from

one to six months old. They are from Cows with

records of 300 to 425 pounds of butter last year.

W'rlte for description and prices.


COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersvllle. Mich.


Northern Grown Jerseys.

ROYCROF’I‘ FARM. Sldnaw. Mic .

RED POLLED nous. gargantuan.

sows. John Berner & Son. Grand Ledge. Michigan.

MARSTON FARM—JERSEY CATTLE.


'1‘. F. MARS’I‘ON. Boy Cltv. Mlohlaan.

. be . Y

CHOICE JENSEYS- $§§°3i exiting: "$3103.13:

CLARENCE BRISTOL. B. No. I. Fonton. Mich.


(17) '181


HEAVY MILKING SHORTHOBNS—Con are":

a few females. Good notes good as cash.

J. B. HUMMEL, Mason. Mich. (Citizens Phone.)


J. o. onoosr 8100K FlllN. sanitatmzoi‘lgﬁ:


Have some choice cows and heifers at right prices-


snoop.

HAM PS H I RES “ﬁtment y 3:?


Ram Lambs. E. A. HARDY. Dorr. Mich.


b d b . d

OXFORD RAMS & EWES be. .3, 3.53:;

prize-winning rooms. for sale. Address either B. 1".

Miller. Flint. Mich.. or Geo. L. Spillane. Flint, Mich.


RAMS and EWES.

WN LR. WATERBURY.

Hichlnnd. Mich.


NATIONAL ”ELAINE RAMS FOR SALE.


All stock registered. F. L. BROKAW, Eagle. Mich.


”ELAINE RAMS-Ln“? “HWY ﬂeeced Delalne


and American Merino Born .

Also 20 good ewes. S. J. COWAN. Rockford. Micki.


loo HEAD 0f good breeding EWES from


1 to 4 years old. mostl ll

faces, a. few are white faces. Price 85 perligadwak

J. B. GARDNER. Box 437. Cadillac. Mich.


HAMPSHIRE RAM LAMBS AND


sever l

YEARLINGS. All Registergd. “ml coca


C. D. WOODBURY. Lnnslna, Mlchixan.


EG.RAMBOUILLETS——64 room, 200 ewes and lambs Fl k

R founded 1892, with 40 select owes. All i‘BllIS used imporcizd

or from imp. sires and dams. J. Q. A. COOK, Monica, Mich.


EGISTERED Delnlne Merino Rams—Descended

from Standard Model and A. T. Gamber’a Bing-

leader. C. M. MANN. Rockford. Michigan.


[DINNER KIPP, Bread" 0‘ registered Delalne


sheep. High-class Roms for sale

shipped on approval. Rockford, Kent (10.. Mich:


° hon choice rogiuerod Rambouill 3

Log Cajun Farm Sheep of both sex for solo at former:

prices. Cltlzona Phone Augusta. Chou. F. ﬂoater, Augustin. lllh-h'


Choice MAPLE LAWN FARM '

Shropshire Rams A. E. BACON & SON, Prop’s

For Sale. Sheridan. R. 10. Mich.


A choice lot of . -

it‘ll?”tilttE§"JtEi-.eroe .,.

"The Dream.” H. C. Cramton,yMet:in;rcd‘f Mllacl‘il.


HROPSHIRES. all ages. both sexes. extra qual-


ity and breeding in lots to suit. Also a few large

robust Rambouillet and Franco rams. Will be priced

so as to move them quickly. Correspondence and

inspection invited. C. LEM EN. Hamburg, Mich.


SHNOPSNINE HALL STOCK FARM.


Will make special prices for thin ' do a. on

from 1 lo 3 years old. all bred to Irdporlyed 00:12:? '

and Mansell rams to lamb In March and April. died

on very choice ewe lambs. this is to make room for an

importation that Is going to arrive this lprlng.

L. S. DUNHAM dc SONS. Concord. Michigan.


HOGS.


BERKSHIRES


A few bred sows left yet, but no boars. Bprln ire

of best families. Guernsey Cattle. Plymouth IfoBIlbs.

Beklu Ducks and M. B. Turkeys. HUPP

FARM, Birmingham. Mich. G. C. HUPP, Mgr.


floor ENGLISH BEHKSHIHES.


‘ Have a. fine lot of spring pigs. both sexes.

: for profitable pork production. Vigorous and strong

and of best blood lines. Satisfaction guaranteed.


r. A. BYWATER, Memphis, Mich.

NORTHERN GROWN BEBKSNINES.


ROYCILUFT FARIVI. Sldnuw. llllch.


A FEW FALL GILTS bred for fall farrowlng,

also choice lot of spring pigs bred by King

A. A. PAT’I'ULLO, Deckervllle. Mich.


Choice 1 fM

Improved Chesters. AP,“ £333.. 9,333 in:


Also Holstein Cattle, a. few cows and youb r bulls for

sale. W. 0. WiLSON.Okemos. Mich. Botéh Phones,


anovro 0HESIER wants. ,.,,,,.,,,e,,,,, ,3,


rowed In March and April. Price 810. Satisfaction

guaranteed. Colon C. Lillie. Coopersvllle. Mich.


norm; JERSEY SWINE,E{P°P§1§;§ no... B.


. e s. ‘l

for 15. J. H. BANGHART, Lansing. nglch.v


DUROC JERSEYS


CAREY ll. EDI'IONDS. Hnatlncl. Mich.


UROC Jersey of size and quality. 40 Boarl ready

for service. 50 now: at Farmers Prices. Satis-

faction Guaranteed. J. C. Barney. Goldwater. Mich


FOR SALE 0 l c8 A better lot of spring pigs than


. - . ' ever. Will not exhibit at State

Fair this year. Please send your orders. satisfaction

guaranteed. O’I‘TO B. SCHULZE. Nashville. Mich.


O I. C.'s Boers &sowa all sold. I have a. ﬁne lot of

. young pigs that will soon be ready to ship.

A. NEWMAN. Route No. 1. Mariette. Mich.


0.1. C. SWINE. My 11"“ '5 headed


with a grandson (f

Jackson (Thief. the world’s Champion and Grand

Champion, the greatest O. I. C. boar in the world.

He is also grandson of Tutesy, the world’s Champion

Bow. Pigs by him at live let live prlce.


A. J. GORDEN. R. No. 2. Dorr. Mich.


, —Ai.L AGES. Thirty sows bred

0- I. C S for spring furrow. Shipped

H. H. JUMP. Munlth, Mich.


The type


Premier.


A fine lot of aprlng


on approval.


Poland_Chi nas—mencriou STRAIN.


, Spring pigs only. Greer

now. E. D. BISHOP. Route 38. Lake Odessa. Mich.


_ Long bodied. at b d.

POLAND cHlNAs' pigs. both sex. extollgv 33:85.5];255

for snap-shot photo. Robert Neva, Pierson. Mich.


iPﬂLAND-GHINA BHEEDERS


I are invited to inspect my great herd at Michigan some

Fair will be there strong with a car load. from the best

\Vni Watiie, Goldwater, erli.


herd in Michigan.


—Cholce young boars read

POLAND-GHIHAS for use; bred right. Alsg

young Sou-s bred; right prices. Write today.


L. W. Barnes & Son, Byron. (Shlawossee Co.) Mich.


' N thl b

Poland-Chinas. p12,. “1.. “.3. ":35:

your order now. WOOD «Sc SONS. Saline. llllch.


LARGE ENGLISH YONKSNINES.


Boora ready for service $15.00: Gills bred for fall far-

row $20.00; spring pigs either sex. Satisfaction guar-

anteed. COLON C. LILLIE. Coopersvllle. Mich
i

-l

i

l


183., we


WW


MARKrnLj'


DETROIT WHOLESALE MARKETS.

-———-—-4

September 1, 1909'.

Grain and Seeds.


Wheat—In spite of the recent news

that a bumper crop of spring wheat was

in the hands of the farmers of the north-

west, the market has continued firmer

than a week ago.. The difﬁculty in the

way of lower prices is that farmers ap-

pear to be determined to have the ad-

vance if these is one coming and so they

are holding the grain. Not being able

to get the wheat, buyers are compelled

to put values on a better basis. Then,

too, the empty bins of the local millers

in the wheat growing sections have

claimed the first offerings, preventing as

much of the first sales going to the cen—

tral markets. The winter wheat offerings

are small—the first bulge in the selling

being over. This, with a ﬁrm cable from

Liverpool, gave the market a good color,

as viewed from the standpoint of the

farmers who have the grain to sell. One

year ago the price for No. 2 red was 96%0

per bu. Visible supply showed a slight

decrease for the week. Quotations are:


No. 2 No. 1

Red. White. Sept. Dec.

Thursday ....1.07 1.07 1.06% 1.05%


Friday .......1.07% 1.07 1.07% 1.07

' Saturday . . . .1.07% 1.06% 1.07% 1.06

Monday ..... 1.07 1.06 1.07 1.05%


Tueday ...... 1.07% 1.06% 1.07% 1.09%

Wednesday ..1.07 1.06 1.07 1.00%


Comm—The inﬂuences affecting the corn

situation havc been largely centered in

the west where the crop was threatened

with dry weather. Reported rains on

Monday had a bearish effect upon the

market but private estimates that the

crop is not as large as the government

reports make it seemed to be taken scr-

iously by traders and the market has held

remarkably strong since harvest time in

the southern part of the corn belt is now

near at hand. East of the Mississippi

the crop appears to be developing nor-

mally. Price a year ago for No. 3 corn

was 8115c per bu. The decrease amount-

ed to nearly a half million bushels. Quo—

tations for the week are:


No. 3

No. 3 Yellow.

Thursday ................ 72 73%

Friday ................... 72 73%

Saturday ................. 73 73%

Monday .................. 71% 73

Tuesday .................. 7] 72%;

'\\'cdnesday .............. 72 73%


0ats.—-—~The offering of oats for the past

few days has been liberal, and since the

crop is now practically secured and the

weather can do little damage save to

scattered crops that are stacked in the

open, the buyers and sellers have marked

DriCls lowcr than those ruling a week

ago. The local market is only fairly ac—

tive. altho occasionally sessions con-

tribute much interest to the market by

the activity in the buying. A year, ago

the price for N0. 3 white oats was 51%c.

Quotations for the week are:

Standard. Sept.

0 i 38


Thursday ......... 35%


Fiiday ..... .. ......... 381/2 38

Saturday .. ............... 38

Monday ........ 38% 38

'l‘ucsday ................. 38% 38

\Vcdncsday .............. 39 39


Beans—Nothing has transpired to dis-

turb the bean trade from its lethargy.

J’I'lcl‘s are nominal and unchanged from

those givcn a V’l‘t‘t‘k ago. The weather

has not been against. securing the grow-

ing crop at these points where the beans

are matured. Quotations are:


Cash. Oct.

Thursday ........ ..........$2.20 $2.00

Friday ........ . . . . . . ....... 2.20 2.00

Saturday .................. 2.20 2.00

Blonday ......... . .......... 2.20 2.00

'l‘ucsduy ................... 2.20 h 2.00

\Vedncsday ................. 2.20 2.00


Cloverseed.~.\ fcw sales are being

madl- of the early hullcd seed. Prices

are improvwl since last week. Prime al-

sikc is selling at about $7.75 per bu.


Quotations for the week are:


l’rime Spot. Oct. March

Thursday . . . . . . . .3100 $7.35 $7.35

l’i‘iday ........... 7.00 7.40 7.40

Saturday ......... 7.00 7.40 7.40

Monday .......... 7.00 7.35 7.3?)

'i‘tlcsdzly ......... 7.00 7.35 7 35

“rednesday ...... 7.00 7.35 7 ‘15


Ryerw’l‘his trade is dull but the values

are stcady. (lein No. 1 is sclling at 08%

0 per bu., which is an advance of %c

over last week‘s ]li‘i(-l'.


Visible Supply of Grain.

This Week. Last week.


\Vheat ..........,.....s..‘:0:,000 8,584,000

Corn ...................l,77-l,000 2,243,000

Oats .................,..’..1.\1,000 3,413,000

ltyc ............... 203.000 173,000

Bttl‘lt\ 217,000 108,000


lFlour, Feed, Provisions, Etc.

Flour.———Markct active, with prices un-


changed. Quotations are as follows:


Clear ................................. "5.25

Straight ............................. 3.40

Patent Michigan .................... 5.95

Ordinary Patent ..................... 5 50


Hay and Straw.~-l\larkct for both hay

and straw is unchanged. (‘arlol prices

on track are: No. 1 timothy, new

$136714; No. 2 timothy, $120113: cloycl‘,

mixed, $116012; rye straw, $7; whcat lell.

oat straw, $6 per ton.


Feed.—Markct steady at unchangcd

prices. Bran, $25 per ton; coarse mid-

dlings, $26; fine middlings, $30; cracked

corn, $30; coarse corn meal, $30; corn and

oat chop, $28 per ton.


Potatoes—This deal is steady with a

good demand and fair supply. Michigan

goods are quoted at $60((D65c per bu.


Provisions.—Family pork, $21.50@22.50;


- mess pork, $21.50; light short clear, $21;


heavy short clear, $23; pure lard, 13c;

bacon, 15%6D16%c; shoulders, 10c; smoked

hams, 14c; picnic hams, 11c.


THE MIEHIGAN FeRMER.


_ D‘alry and Poultry Products.


Button—A scarcity of m lk has worked

to.the disadvantage of buyers of butter

and prices have again advanced a cent

with little probability that there will be

any material decline this season. Quota-

tions are: Extra creamery, 290 per lb;

116st do., 28c; dairy, 21c; packing stock,


c.


Eggs—A reduction in the price of eggs

took place during the week. The market

is steady at the new values with the

price for fresh ﬁrsts, case count, cases

included, at 21%c per doz.


Poultry.—Nothing is transpiring in the

poultry trade to cause any marked

change in values. The supply is small

and the demand but large enough to keep

the offerings moving. Quotations are:

Hens, 14c; roosters, 9@100; ducks, 10@

150; geese, 8@9c; turkeys, 16@17c; broil-

ers, 16c.


Cheese.—Steady. Michigan full cream,

15((i’16c; York state, 16%0; Iimburgcr,

16%c; schweitzer, 200; brick cream, 161/20

per lb .


Calves—Choice to fancy, 11c; ordinary,

9@10c per lb.


Fruits and Vegetables.


Cabbage.——Stcady. Home-grown, $1

per bbl.


Tomatoes—Easy and now selling at

40(145c per bu.


Onions—Domestic offerings, $2 per

bbl: Spanish. $1.50 per crate.


Pears—Average stock $1411.25 per bu.


Grapes—Delaware. 35c: Niagara. 30c;

Concord, 25c per pony basket.


Apples—Horne growth, 75c@$1.25 per

bushel.


Peaches—Michigan grown range in

prices from $2.50@3.50, according to

grade.


Blackberries—Lower at $26 2.50 per bu.


Huckleberries.—Highcr, $3.50@3.75 per

bushel.


Vegetables.-——Beets, 750 per bu; carrots,

75c per bu; c1uliﬁower, $1.25 per doz;

cucumbers, 1561200 per doz; eggplant,

351.25.611.50 per doz; grec'n beans, 75c per

bu; green onions, 12%c per doz; green

peppers, 75c pcr bu; lettuce, 50c pcr bu;

mint, 250 per doz; parsley, 25@30c per

doz; radishcs, SWIOC per doz; spinach, 000

pcr hamper; summer squash, 50c per box;

watercress 25(4150c pcr doz; wax beans,

$1 per bu.


h—i

OTHER MARKETS.


Grand Rapids.


Grain prices rule unchanged this week.

In dairy products, crcamery butter is up

%c. In meats, dressed hogs are firm at

10%0. Spring chickens are off a triﬂe,

being quoted now at 14M15c, 'l‘omatoes

were in big supply on the city market

Tuesday morning, selling around 40c.

Sweet corn is also lower. in the fruit

line, everything sold well, the demand

for good stuff outrunning the supply.

Peaches sold up to $2 for best stock.

Early Crawfords, the standard yellow

peach, will begin to show up next week.

Hay. loose in loads, is sell’ng at $106011.


Quotations follow: '


Grains—Wheat, $1.01; oats, 39c; corn,

73c; buckwheat, 55c per bu; rye, 00c.


Beans—Machine screened, $1.90,


Butteiamliuying prices, Dairy, No. 1.

2201230; creamcry in tubs, 28%c; prints,

271/201 29c pcr lb.


I‘IggS.—Casc ('olmt, 2]@22C.


I’otatocs.~-50(uﬁﬁc pcr bu.


Pcaches.~$l.2:’u((r2 pcr bu.


Apples—50cm $1; pcars, 75c@ 1.25;

plums, 90cﬁr$1.50 per bu.


chetablcs.-—Tomatoes, 40@50c per bu;

sweet corn, 8@)10c doz; cabbage, 2510300

dozen.


Cattle.—~Cows, $250704 per ewt; steers

and heifers, best quality, 3@5%c; dressed

mutton, 90r10c; dressed veal, 6@9c:

dressed bccf, cows, 5@G%c; Stt't'l‘s and

heifers, 71,.éfriilléc.


Hogs—Dressed, 10%c_


Live Poultry.—Fowls, 10@12c; roosters

7ﬁ180; turkeys, 1467215c; spring chickens,

14@150; spring ducks, 11@]L’c. .’


Chicago.

\Vlieat.—No. 2 red, 31.057210534; Sept.

98%c; December, [ill/QC; May, 981,40,

, Corn.~No. 3, GTl/éil’tilll/éc; Scpt. (34736

December, Milne. , I ’

Oats—No. 3 white, 36%0137l8c; Sept.

c; December, 37c. _ V '

liuttcr. Firm and higher. ('rcamerics

2401290; dairies, 224.2%, ‘

Eggs.——Stcady, with frcsh firsts, case

count, cases included, 21%c Jicl‘ doz.

Elgin.

Butter.—Market firm at 29c per lb.

which is an advance of 1c over last

week’s price,


7


0

u


BostOn,


“Mot—Because of depleted supplies the

market could not stand the strenuous

buying of the past fcw wccks and now

the volume of trading is about normal

for this scason of tlic ycar. Prices are

very firm with a fccling that they may

reach higher levels than yct attained

The following arc the leading domestic

quotations for the week: Ohio and Penn-

sylvania iiccccs: XX, 35ﬁ30c; X, 31:61 34c'

N0. I washed, 40ﬁ‘141c; No. 2 washedwlitlfdl

410; _iine unwashed, 274.3%; half-blood

combing, 3:»01‘36c; rag blood combing. 35711

36; 1,4-blood combing, 3461357.; delaine

washed, 39ﬁ1-10c; delaine unwashed 336?)

.‘l4c. Michigan, \Visconsin, Ncw'York

ﬁccccs: Fine unwashed, 25ﬂ26c; delaine.

unwashed, 316i‘i32c: Ié-blood unwashed

:l-iﬁ/ilﬁc; fig—blood unwashed 34/7/3501"

blood, 33min. ' ’ ’4


THE LIVE STOCK MARKETS.

Buffalo.

August PO, 1909.

(Special report by Dunning &) Stevens.

New York Central Stock Yards,

Rec i t Eafst Buffalo, N. Y.)

cps 0 sale stock here t E’ z

{(21%wsrh Cattle, 155 loads; hog-SOdl‘2 800

1a ; s cc and l. . ' "

1,250 headp "tmbs, 14,000, cahcs,

The cattle trade today was slow. The


best sold 10c per hundred lower than

last, week, while all other grades except

stockers sold 15@25c lower. Stockers

sold steady. A few extra choice cattle

sold as high as $6.90 today. Fresh cows

and springers sold at strong“ last week's

prices.


We quote: Best export steers, $6.50@

6.75; ,best 1.200 to 1,300 lb. shipping steers,

$5.75@6; best 1,100 to 1,200 lb. do., $5.50

(«25.75; medium 1,050 to 1,150 lb. steers,

$4.75@5; light butcher steers, $4.40@4.65;

best fat cows, $4.25@4.75; fair to go (1

cows, $3.50@3.75; light cows, $2.75@?i;

trimmers, $1.75@2; best fat heifers, $5@

5.25; fair to good, $4.25@4.50;.common,

$3.50@3.75; best feeding steers, 800 to

900 1b. dehorned, $4.25@4.50; 700 to 750

lb. dehorned stockcrs, $3.75@4; little

common stockers, $3.25@3.50; best bulls,

$4694.50; bologna bulls, $3.25@3.50; stock

bulls, $2.75@3; best fresh cows and

springers, $47@57; fair to good do., $30@

40; common, $20@25.


The hog markett opened steady on good

choice corn—fed hogs weighing 200 lbs.

and up, but slew and draggy on the com-

momr grades and lighter weights. There

is a fair clearance and the prospects are

only fair. There is a good demand for

good choice corn-fed hogs but the com-

moner grades and lighter weights (are

very hard to sell.


We quote: Medium and heavy, $8.45@

8.65; mixed, $8.25@8.40; best corn york-

ers, $8.25@8.35; Michigan yorkers, grass,

$8@8.20; pigs, $7.75@7.90; roughs, $7.10@

7.15; stags, $5.75m‘6.25.


,he lamb market today was fairly ac-

tive at the prices and we think the pros-

pects a shade better the balance of the

week.


We quote: Best lambs, $7.25@7.35;

fair to good, $6.50ﬂ7.15; culls, $5@5.35;

skin culls, $4624.50; yearlings, $5.25-@

5.50; wethers, $4.75@5; ewes, $4.25@4.50;

cull sheep, $2@3; best calves, $9.50@10;

fair to good, $7@9; heavy, $4@5.


Chicago.

August 30, 1909.

Cattle. Hogs. Sheep.

Received today ...22,000 23,000 25,000

Same day last year..29,531 23,039 36,311

Received last. week..57,482 94,239 101,333

Same week last ycar.62,706 84,234 100,039


Cattle were in much larger supply last

week than usual, increasing marketing

of western rangers swelling the offerings

*1 good deal, and while a few fancy fed

"eeves made new high records, the gen-

"ral range of prices for natives closed

lSGMOc lower than a week earlier. Steers

Qold at an extreme range of $»l(wT.$3, with

"l.11('_\' yearlings at $7.75, a good share or

the sales taking place at $5.5llm7.30. Ex-

porters operated sparingly at $6070.80, and

cattle of a commoner grade were neg-

lected, buyers taking rangers in prefer-

ence, as usual. Grassy steers sold at

the lowest figures of the season, and so

did grass-fed butchering cows and heif-

ers, altho corn—fcd lots of the better

class were firm under modeiate offerings.

Female stock went; at $3.300jiiﬂll, while

canncrs and cutters had a fair outlct

at $2613.25. with bulls going at 32.50.70

4.35, Calves Were active at $3619 per 100

lbs. for inferior heavy to prime light, and

inilkcrs and springers were in active

eastern demand at $30((v60 per head.

Animation has characterized the stocker

and feeder trade as a result of promise

of a good corn crop, notwithstanding,

less flattering reports from some. corn‘

sections, stockers selling at .2.75€il.40

and feeders at $4105.20. “'cstcrn range

cattle were in good demand, but prices

broke 150‘250 under larger Siipplics,

steers being salable at. $3.35m040 and

cows and heifers at $2.50@5.35. The out-

look is encouraging for choice hooves,

whether from farm or range, but ruling

prices look good, and it seems bad policy

to hold fat cattle back. Others are going

lower. -


The cattle market today, Monday. was

active for fat lots, with the best grade

bringing $8 in a few instanccs, a new

high record, thus reaching a figure long

predicted. That price was paid for both

heavy beeves and yearlings. chcr kinds

were unchanged. Only about 24,000 west-

ern range cattle arrived. The stocker

and feeder trade is slower than a few

days ago, owin to dry Weather in various

sections, and 'o a great extent they are

10m 35c lowcr than a week ago.


Hogs came, in rather freely during sev-

ll'ill days last week. as l'uliliif Driccs were

satisfactory to stockmen, there having

both advances for the first three days in

succession that put the best grade at

$3.30, within lie of the best time of the

year. 'l‘hursday saw the first reaction,

altho prior to the decline on that day

the Chicago packers were inclined to

hold back and lot a good many hogs ac-

cumulate in scllcrs’ hands. Eastern ship-

pci"s continued to purchase a good por-


ccntagc of the offerings, the better class

being wanted, and a good premium was1

paid, while grassy and coarse. heavy lots

were slow at a good discount. Heavy

hogs were the slowest sellers invariably,

and the demand ran largely on choice

light and medium weights, with pigs rcla- .

tircly good sellers, as no great number,l

came on the, market. Maturcd hogs are“

fetching such extraordinarily high prices

that it seems foolish to send in healthy

pigs. Provisions are active at the un-

usually h‘gh prices prevailing, withl

steadily decreasing stocks everywhere}

and current rcccipis of hogs are utilized

largely for the frcsh meat trade. Recent

hog receipts have averaged in weight

230 lbs, compared with 221 lbs. 21 year

ago and 250 lbs. two years abo. Hogs

\VUI‘C fairly active today at $7.20@8.12%.


Sheep and lambs came forward last

week rather freely, altho there was nrr

unusual rush to market range stock. Fat‘

lambs, as usual, claimed the principal'

attention of buyers, and there was no‘

urgent demand for the poorly fattenedl

lambs, while yearlings and sheep were:

only fairly active. At times the quality

of the range lambs was not as good as

it had been. but range feeding lambs

were in good demand at $6@6.75, while;

range feeding wethers sold at $4@4.60.


Sum-4. 1909....


and feeding yearlings at $5@5.35. These

prices look high when it is stated that


fair to choice muttOn wethers Were sellm

ing at $4.50@5 and mutton yearlings at


$5‘.25@5.60. Ewes brot $2@_ .50, ,and

breeding ewes had a smaller sa e than a.


few weeks earlier at $4.25@5.50. Receipts


were composed largely of grass-fed stock

from the range. Today's market was


active, with lambs selling at $4.50@7.90,


most Sales showing an advance of 25c

within a week. Sheep have advanced

largely 15c in the same time. A big lot

of Washington range breeding yearling

ewes went for southern shipment at $6.35.


Horses are being marketed more freely,

but recent offerings proved insufﬁcient

to meet the growing demand, and num—

erous sales showed advances of $5@10

per head. Small southern chunks are

conspicuous in the advance, with sales

at $60@125, and there is a better call for

heavy drafters at $175@225, with better

ones going at $250@375 and even higher

a times. Ohio and Pennsylvania dealers

compete for feeders at $175@225, and

drivers are wanted at $150@325. A buyer

from the City of Mexico has been in the

market buying a load of light harness

horses, mainly matched pairs costing

$600@1,000. He reports that automobiles


are largely supplanting carriage gorses’


in Mexico.


KNOW Your Weights—Don’t Guess


The successful farmer of to-day K N 0 W S the exact

weight of the supplies he purchases: he KNOW S to a.

certainty how much the products weigh that he sells.


Accurate weights are a, big, vital feature in roll:-

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and often situated at a. distance, but every tanner can

be sure of perfect accuracy if he owns an


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Catalogue illus-

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Don't spend a dollar on roofing until you have seen


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THIS iBT‘rI-{E “waterfront.-

‘ii'v 2.4.4 g, "yt.1‘:‘~.>z:v..~ ..,,,,-- .. . -. ,

In'the ﬁrst edition the Detroit-Live


Stock markets are reports or last week;

all other markets'are right up tovdate.

Thursday’s Detroit ‘Live Stock ,niarkets

are given in the last edition. The ﬁrst

edition is mailed Thursday,’the last edi-

tion Friday morning. The first edition is

mailed to those who care more to get the

paper early than they do for Thursday’s

Detrbit Live .Stock market report. You

mayhave any edition desired. Subscrib-

ers may change from one edition to an-

other by dropping us a card to'that effect.


DETROIT LIVE STOCK MARKETS.


Thursday’s Market. ‘

September 2, 1909.

Cattle.


Receipts, 1,195. Good grades and

stockers and feeders steady; common

stuff 5@10c low’er.


We quote: Dry-fed steers, $5@5.25,

steers and heifers, 1,000 to 1,200, $4.50@5;

steers and heifers, 800 to 1,000, $3.75@

4.25; grass steers and heifers that are

fat, 800 to 1,000, $3.75@4.25; grass steers

and heifers that are fat, 500 to 700, $3.25

@350; choice fat cows, $3.75@4.50; good

fat cows, $3.25@3.50; common cows, $2.50

@3; canners, $1.75@2; choice heavy bulls,

$3.50@3.75; fair to good bolognas, bulls,

$3@3.25; stock bulls, $2.50@3; choice feed-

ing steers, 800 to 1,000, $4@4.30; fair feed-

ing steers, 800 to 1,000, $3.50@3.75; choice

stockers, 500 to 700, $3.25@3.50; fan

stockers, 500 to 700, $2.75@3; stock heif-

ers, $2.50@3; milkers, large, young, med-


ium age, $40@60; common milkers, $25

@35.

Roe Com. Co. sold Bresnahan 11


butchers av 509 at $3.25; to Goose 9 do av

805 at $3.65; to Mich. B. Co. 22 do av 876

at $4.25, 26 do av 787 $4.25, 2 steers av

1,025 at $4; to Hammond, S. & Co. 1 bull

weighing 1,000 at $3.50, 1 cow weighing

860 at $2, 1 do weighing 820 at $2, 1 can-

ner weighing 610 at $3, 1 cow weighing

860 at $3.50, '1 do weighing 740 at $2.50,

1 do weighing 880 at $3, 1 do Weighing 770

at $2.50, 2 bulls av 690 at $3.25, 1 do

weighing 1,310 at $3.50, 1 do Weighing 850

at $3.25, 3 do av 810 at $3.25, 1 do weigh‘»

ing 530 at $3, 2 COWS av 1,095 at; $3.50, 1

do weighing 780 at $3, 2 do av 1,100 at

$3.60; to Rattkowsky 1 do weighing 840

at $3.75, 11 butchers av 752 at $3.50, 3 do

av 577 at $3, 2 heifers av 870 at $4.15; to

Caplis 8 do av 690 at $3.60; to Regan 2

do av 630 at $3.50, 2 do av 450 at $3.10;

to Austin 9 stockers av 472 at $3.40; to

Rattkowsky 2 butchers av 810 at $3.50,

1 do weighing 330 at $3; to Regan 8 do

av 460 at $3.25; to partwright 23 feeders

av 731 at $3.75; to Austin 6 stockers av


453 at $3, 13 do av 525 at $3.40, 9 do av

691 at $3.60; to Caplis 8 butchers av 675

at $3.60; to Newton B. Co. 4 do av

655 at ‘33


Bishop, B. & H. sold Greene 7 feed-

ers av 700 at $3.75; to Breshahan 8 heifers

av 500 at $3.40; to Johnson 7 feeders av

841 at $3.85; to Goose 3 cows av 777 at

$3; to Kamman 4 bulls av 610 at $2.75;

to Kull 2 steers av 850 at $4.50, 2 do av

820 at $4; to Goose 1 cow weighing 1,210

at $3.85, 4 do av 922 at $3; to Kamman

7 butchers av 571 at $3.50; to Marx 4 do

av 802 at $4.15; to Hobart 6 feeders av

720 at $4; to Mich. B. Co. 8 butchers av

930 at $3.75; to Bresnahan 3 cows av 843

at $2.25; to liammond, S. & Co. 2 bulls

625 at $3, 2 do av 480 at $2.75, 2 cows av

1,015 at $3.75, 2 do av 885 at $3.50; to

Negro 5 SilOt'kt‘I‘S av 630 at $3.50, 3 do av

576 at $3.50; to Cooke 2 steers av 805 at

$4.25, 3 do av 893 at $4.75; to Schroder

1 bull weighing 1,320 at $3.75.


Spicer, M. A: R. sold Mich. B. Co. 20

steers av 932 at $4.40; to Johnson 2 cows

av 940 at $3.50, 5 stockcrs av 564 at $3.50,

6 feeders av 800 at $4.10; to Goose 1 cow

weighing 1,050 at $3.50, 6 bulls av 400 at

$3, 4 do av 375 at $3; to Kull 2 do av 705

at $2.90, 2 cows av 785 at $2.50, 5 heifers

av 646 \at $3.65; to Hammond, S. & Co.

5 cows av 983 at $3.50, 1 do weighing 650

at $2, 1 do weighing 420 at $2.50, 1 d0

weighing 750 at $3.50, 1 do weighing 1,000

at $3.25, 2 av 935 at $3, 1 weighing 1,030

at $3.75, 2 bulls av 670 at $3, 4 do av 537


at $2.90, 3 do av 1,033 at $3.50, 1 cow

Weighing 930 at $3.25, 2 do av 890 at

2.75; to Bresnahan 2 heifers av 500 at


$3.50; to Caplis 7 butchers av 740 at $3.75,

6 do av 750 at $3.75, 4 do av 645 at $3.50;

10 McDonald 11 st'ockors av 516 at $3.50;

to Cooke 15 steers av 850 at $4.50, 1

heifer weighing 590 at $3.50. 1 bull weigh—

ing 1.120 at $3.75, 3 butchers av 650 at

$3.75; to Schrodor 4 bulls av 1.000 at

$3.65; to 1)0mblitky 3 butt-hers av 618

at .350, 2 do :tv 465 at $3.25, 2 cows av

915 at $3, 2 dO av 885 at $2.50; to Kull 8

steers my 891 at $4.40, 2 do av 075 at $4;

to Sullivan 8 butchers av 1,034 at $3.25,

2 do av 1,050 at $4.


Kalaher sold Mich. 13.

1,050 at $3.75.


Sandall & ’1‘.

766 at $4.


Stephens

916 at $4.50.


Terhune sold Thompson 4 CO\VS av 1,057

at $11.30.


Santlall & '1‘.

564 at $3.50.


Bohm sold same 5 do av 524 at $3.50.


\Isiiigner & A. sold salne 2 do av 550

at .350.


Haley sold Ruttkowsky 4 cows av

at $3.50.


Downing sold liresnahan 11 heifers av

563 at $3.35.


Fish & VVrt'd sold Mir): 6 steers av

643 at $3.75.


Kalaher sold same 6 butchers av. 591

at $3.25. '


(“0. 3 cows av


sold same 29 butchers av


sold Sclll‘thT 5 steers av


sold Austin 0 stockers av


980


Downing sold Markowitz 5 cows av

978 at $3.40.

Haley Sold ltlrban 1 steer weighing


690 at $3.50. .

Groff sold some 6 heifers av 626 at $3.50.


Robb sold same 7 butchers av 575

at $2.60, 5 do av 580 at $3.40.

Haley sold Goose 11 hoit‘ors av 400


at $3.20.

Haley sold Lingeman 1 steer weighing

1,340 at $5.25, 2 do av 875 at $4.40.

Johnson sold McDonald 15 stockers av

535 at $3.50.

Haley sold Schlischer 14 steers av


’ I mimﬂfﬁanhp


' 111m.” $4.40, 11- butchers av 541 at $3.40,


67do~av 847 "at $4.25, 3 cowsrav 1,040 at

$3.50, 3 bulls av 600 at $3. '

Johnson sold Regan's heifers av 550

at $3.40. ' ,

Haley sold same 2 do av 440 at $3.25,

4 steers av 707 at $3.70.


Haley sold Sullivan P. Co. 3 heifers

av 580 at $3.50, 3 cows av 966 at $3.30.


Fish & Vi'ard'sold same 9 butchers av

578 at $3.40.


Sandall & T. sold same 5 bulls av 950

at $3.30.


Haley

$3.40, 5

av 580 at $3.50,

bulls av 1,117 at


Wagner & A. sold same 4 rows av

1,050 at $4, 2 do av 1,000 at $3.25. -


Veal Calves.


Receipts, 570. Market steady at last

Thursday’s prices. Best, $9@9.50; others,

$5@8.50; milch cows and springers steady.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Parker, W. & Co.

7 av 150 at $9; to Thompson Bros. 6 av

150 at $8.50, 2 av 340 at $4.50; to Mich. B.

CO. 12 av 140 at $8.75; to Hammond, S. &

Co. 11 av 145 at $9.50, 8 av 150 at $9; to

Fitzpatrick Bros. 11 av 160 at $9.50, 1

weighing 230 at $7, 4 av 150 at $9.50, 1

weighing 170 at $9; to Parker, W. &. Co.

5 av 150 at $9.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros. 7

av 190 at $8. ..


Roe Com. C0. sold Goose 7 av 225 at

$5; to Parker, W. & Co, 1 weighing 130

at $8; to Sullivan P. Co. 1 weighing 200

at $5, 5 av 160 at $9; to Kamman 1 weigh-

ing 120 at $9, 1 weighing 100 at $7; to


sold same 1.6 heifers av 601 at

butchers av 740 .at $3.90, 18 do

7 do av 640 at $3.25, 4

$3.50.


Parker, \V. & Co. 2 av 180 at $8, 11 av

150 at 9


Merr1tt sold Fitzpatrick Bros. 6 av

155 at $9


Fish & Ward sold Bray 3 av 140 at $9.

Hauser sold Burnstine 3 av 175 at $9.50.

Duelle sold same 13 av 145 at $8.50.

Glenn sold same 3 av 155 at $7, 8 av

150 at $9.

Stephens sold same 3 av 175 at $7.25.

Haley sold Goose 8 av 200 at $4.25.

Same sold Markowitz 4 av 200 at $4.50.

Haley sold Sullivan P. Co. 1 weighing

170 at $5.50, 7 av 175 at $8.50, 3 av 14:)

at $9, 3 av 135 at $9, 5 av 200 at $4.

Clark & M-cK. sold same 6 av 150 at $9.

H. A. Wagner sold Caplis 12 av 170

at $9.35.

$8I—rlaney sold same 1 weighing 140 at

.1) .

Allen sold same 5 av 125 at $8.50, 2 av

250 at $5.50, 1 weighing 230 at $6.

Haley sold Newton B. Co. 5'av 160

at $8, 1 Wt-‘ighing 100 at $5.

McLachlin sold same 4 av 125 at $7.75.

Sheep and Lambs.


Receipts, 3,878. Good grades steady;

common 10@15c lower.


Best lambs, $6.75@7; fair to good lambs

$6.50; light to common lambs, $5@5.25;

yearlings, $5; fair to good sheep, $4614.25;

culls and common, $250073.


Bishop, B. & H. sold Eischrich 65 lambs

av 50 at $5; to Thompson 30 sheep av 95

at $4.10; to Stoker 23 lambs av 55 at $5;

to Mich. B. Co. 34 do av 77 at $6.75; to

Parker, \V. & C0. 71 do av 73 at $6.80;

to Thompson 9 sheep 21v 100 at $3.50; to

I-Iaise 40 lambs av 65 at $5.60; to Ham-

mond, S. & (‘4). 15 sheep av 55 at $3.50,

19 do av 75 at $4.50; to Fitzpatrick Bros.

23 do av 35 at $4.50, 85 lambs av 65 at

$5.25, 14 yearlings av 80 at $5.50; to Hall

122 lambs av 65 at $6.50.


Spiccr, M. & R- sold Mich. B. CO. 49

lambs av 70 at $6.50. 17 sheep av 85 at

$3.50, 4 do av 135 at $4. 1 do weighing


140 at $3, 83 lambs av 75 at $6.35, 15 sheep

av 90 at $4. 34 lambs av 75 at $6.75; to

Youngs 62 do av 73 at $6.25; to Bray 53

do av 72 at $6.35; to Eischrich 10 lambs

av 54 at $5.25; to Hammond, S. & C0.

16 lambs av 77 at $6.50; to Mich. B. Co.

29'Shctp av 90 at $3.50, 2 do av 150 at


$4, 61 lambs av 70 at $6.60, 14 sheep av

90 at $3.50.

Roe (,‘olll, Co. sold Sullivan P. Co. 10


lambs av 63 at $5, '79 do av 75 at $6.50;


to lull-ll, R. ‘Co. 28 do n.\’ 75 {It $6.50,

10 sheep av 83 at $3.50, 30 do av 120 at

$4.25; to Kamman 32 lambs av 55 at $5;


to ThompSon 22 SIlt‘kD av 77 at $4; to

Mich. 1i. ("0. 17 do av 70 at $4.25; to

Thompson 20 do av 95 at $3.50; to Misch-

rich 38 lambs av 60 at $5.25; to Ham—

mond, S. & Co. 19 Silt't‘l) av 70 at $1.


\l'agmr & A. sold Kamman 60 lambs

av 70 at $6.25, 27 shoop av 85 at $4


Downing sold Thompson 21 sheep av 00

at $3.50, 50 lambs av 60 at $6,


McLuchlin sold Noivttln B. CO. 21 lambs

av 73 at $6, 3 do av 120 at $2.50.


Haley sold some 10 lambs av 60 at $5,

76 do av 70 at $6.25, 15 sheep av 80 at

$4.25, 67 lambs av 70 at $6, 6 sheep av

.100 .‘It $~.


Fish 5‘; \Vard sold Bray 3 sheep av 95

at $2.50, 26 do av Ml at $4, 34 lambs av

70 at $6.50, 27 do av 75 at $6.25.


Allen sold same 03 do av 75 at $6.35.


[hurdle sold Fitzpatrick 5 sheol) av 70

21‘ .2...) . '


Merritt sold same 4 do av 50 at $4, 46

lambs av 65 at $6.50.


("lurk & Mclx’. sold Sullivan P. CO. 8

shot-p av 100 at $3, 44 lambs av 72 at $6.50.


Halt-y sold l‘list-hrich 21 lambs av 50

at $4.85, 10 do av 49 at $4.50. ‘


Hogs.

Ilt‘ooipls, 3,781. Good grades

grass hogs 10/7115c lower.

Range of pricesz. Light to good butch-

H‘s, $7.900r8.15; plgs, $7.25o7jo; light


steady;


yorkers, $760578; stag‘s, 1?; 0ft.

Bishop, B. & H. sold Hammond, S. &


(‘0. 65 av 150 at $7.65, 44 :tv 140 at .‘7 40

5:4 zLV 150 at $8, 394 av 190 211 $3.10?) ’50.;

7H" 7.0 :1t 357.90, 77 av 170 at $7.80 4': av

77.0 ARV-31" 127 th 160 at $7.75, 73'av 150

utgfiﬂgil, 571:1v 155 at $7.70.

. un.ry Slippers sold ." v "

at $7.90. same 131 at 16.1

toe Com. Co. sold Parker IV

120 av 162 at $7.60, 162 1.16790 ‘44

:1er 1.70 at $7.90, 26 av 145 at $7.50.

‘EDIC‘PI‘: M_ & R. sold same 45 av 175 at

33.10, {13032211, $82751t $8, 37 av 187 at $7.90

.~ av >‘a .,70. I . "

av 165 at $7.60. r1V 171 at $7.65, 103

Roe Com. CO.

av 145 at $7.25.

Sundry shippers sold same‘ 73 3'“

nit. $88.11;), 83 av 175 at $7.90, 30 :11: 18‘:

a' t. ‘


0UR NEW-Him (26] Issues)


and a premluni for


ONLY $2.00


& Co.

$8, 70


sold Sullivan P. Co. 28,


l


‘ Mes.


(1‘31


" 18.3


Secured by

$ 1 00


In the irrigated districts, there are

millions of acres of the ﬁnest farm

land in America being brought into

fertility. The crops raised on this

land are marvelous. The ﬁrst sea-

son’s crop very often pays the Whole

cost of the land.


To water this land, immense Irri-

gation Companies are organized to

build reservoirs, dams and ditches.

Some are organized under the Fed-

eral law knoWn as the Carey Act.


, The farmers, to secure perpetual

water rights, give to these companies

a ﬁrst lien on their farms, to be paid

in ten annual installments. The lien

rarely amounts to more than one-

fourth the cash value of the land.


The Irrigation Company deposits

these liens with a. Trust Company.

Then bonds are issued with the farm

liens as security. Back of each $100

bond the Trust Company usually

holds $150 of this farm lien security.


In addition, the Irrigation Com-

pany gives to the Trust Company as

trustee a. ﬁrst mortgage on all the

property it owns. This mortgage is

held as extra security until the last

bond is paid. So the best Irriga—

tion bonds are doubly secured—ﬁrst

by the farm liens, second by the

company’s mortgage.


Ideal Security


Sometimes these Irrigation bonds

are issued by districts, the same as

School bonds. Such bonds become a

tax lien on all property in the dis—

trict. The interest and principal are

paid out of taxes.


All these bonds. if rightly issued

form ideal securities. The farm liens

alone would place them among the.

very safest investments. But we

have, in addition, mortgages given

by immense corporations which must

see that every obligation is met. It

is hard to conceive of a. better pro-

tected investment.


_s___ 1:2 c...


Irrigation bonds are issued in de-

nominations of $100, $500 and $1,000,

so one may invest either little or

much.


Part of the bonds are paid off

every year. You may buy a bond

due in two years, if you wish, or in

twelve years, or in any year be-

tween. Every bond paid off, of

course, .increases the security back

of the rest.


1 (21' ‘


' of nouns ‘


2.1.1.422


Farm Liens


The bonds pay six per cent inter-

est. This ls a higher rate than can

now be obtained on any large class

of equal securities.


We handle all good classes of

bonds—Municipal, Corporation, Pub-

lic Utility, etc. But Irrigation bonds

have become the most popular bonds

that we handle. Their ample se-

curity and high interest rate have

made them the favorites of the

shrewdest investors.


Ask for Our Book


We have had ﬁfteen years of ex-

perience in selling Reclamation

bonds, based on farm liens. These

include Drainage District and Irri-

gation.’ During this time we have

sold seventy such issues, without a

dollar of loss to any investor.


We are the largest dealers in this

class of security. Our own engineers

and attorneys pass on every project.

Our ofﬁcers personally inspect every

enterprise on which we sell bonds.


We have now written a book based

on all this experience. It is the best

book of the kind ever issued. It

deals with every phase of irrigation

and irrigation bonds. Every man

who has money to invest—whether

little or much—should read this book

before making investment.


Cut out this coupon, send it at

once. and the book will be mailed

you free.


I - — ‘-


I g .


'Weﬁﬂwﬁz


Fiat National Bank Building

CHICAGO. ILL.


Please send your free book on

irrigation Bonds.


Name

A ddress


Name of my ban/e

425


\Ve sell the bonds, if you prefer,

through your local bank. If so,

please give us the name of your

bank and we will send full informa-

tion when we send it to you.


W A NT E D !

HAY or ALL GRADES.


Writs iorquoiallons. Ono nroill. from producer in consumer.


F. D. HEWITT,


I20 Liberty St, New York.


HAY 87. GRAIN "'


We went to hear from Ihlpben 0! Hay and Grain—Our

direct lei-vice to large conlumera in this district ennblel

us to get top price: for good lhlppienil. Liberal ed<

vencee to con-ignorl.


Daniel McCaiIrey’s Sons (20., Pillsbury Pa.

Rot—Washington lai'l Bank. Duqunm iiai'l Bank.


-

FOR INFORMATION AS TO LANDS in


The Nation’s

Garden Spot-


TIIAT GREAT FRUIT and TRUCK

GROWING SECTION—


FREE Our booklet TEXAS GULF COAST.

- Figs, oranges, truck, rice. alfalfa and

potatoes. Big money crops. :50 to $1,000 per acre.

The Land of Opportunity for investors and‘ home-

seekers. Desk B. Pye Realty 00., Houston. Texas.


0R SALE—An BO-acre farm, ig timber. 56 cleared

or cultivated; ﬂue orchard, plenty good water,

fruit, buildings in good repair, In Taylor 00., Ken-

tucky, by P. Hoﬂ'erberth. 205 Deller BL. Dayton, 0.


320 Acres rich Panhandle lendin Hartley Coun-


ty, Texas. Also 190 acres in Southern

Michigan. Both for sale at a. bargain. Address

R. G. COLE. Owner, Potlervllle. Michigan.


' ' 10 to 15. First cm of

Fme, [itch Colorado Lands. aheafmmmn 31,.

the price. Also Mich. Farms 40 to 200 a. Price and

terms right. For list, write E. D. Billinghurlt, Albion, Mich.


OR SA LE, Cheap—Good 18-h. fruit farm; 2% miles

southeast Barode,Berrieh Co. All kinds fruit.

Buildings. C. W. Dunham, Owner, Baroda, Mich.


SELL FARMS IN OCEANA. The best county

in the United States: fruit, grain and stock.

Write for list. J. D. S. HANSON, Hart. Mich.


FOR SALE 8 series of improved farms, 6754


acres, 39 miles of wire fence, 10 miles

rail fence, 55 residences, $9.50 per acre. Have other

farms also. FRED L. PURCICLI., \Verren, Ark.


’I‘HE MT. OLIVET STOCK FARM lie for sale at


a sacrifice. Up-to-date buildings. All con-

veniences of city home. 170 acres, beautifully situ-

ated. less than a. mlle from a college town.


along the


Atlantic Coast Line


RAILROAD


in Virginia, North and South Carolina,

Georgia, Alabama and Florida, write to


WILBUR MCCOY,

Agricultural and Immigration Agent,

Atlantic Coast Line, - - Jacksonville. Fla.


FARMS AND FARM IANDS

FUR SALE'OH EXGHANGE


W. P. BENDER. Owner. ()llvct. Mich.

F0“ SAL or EXCHANGE for smaller farm

near city, an Al stock and grain farm


of 142 acres on main road, 4 miles from Charlotte.

FRED S. ALLEN. R. No. 3. Charlotte. Mich.


when you can buy

the Best Land In ‘

Mlehlcnn at from

$6 to $10 an acre

near Saginaw and Bay City. Write for map and par-

ticulars. Cleertitle and easy terms. STAFFELD BBOS..


(owners) 15 Merrill blag, Saginaw. W. 8.. Mich.


320-Acre Gov. Homesteads, Write


U. 5. Commissioner, Des Moines, New Mexico.


0‘s" for property, any kind, anywhere. If you

want to buy, sell or exchange. address

Northwestern Business Agency. Minneapolis, Minn.


F YOU ARE COMING 1‘0 TEXAS send for

our new Book “A Trip to Southwest Texas."

full of valuable information and will cost you

nothing. BYRD & CLARKSON, Uvnlde. Texas.


VIREINIA FARMS


Poultry. fruit, dairy, grain. stock, truck farms, and

Colonial estates. Low prices. Delightful climate.

Abundant pure water. Large eastern markets'

Timber lends a specialty. Wr.te for free ill. catalog.


WILES LAND CO. Inc., RICHMOND. VIRGINIA


VIRGINIA FARM . .3333.

Low prices. Mild Climate. New free


illustrated Catalog. This is the Country

for the Northern Farmer. Est. 20 years.


<erte CASSELMAN & co., Richmond, Va.


(2% “animals"


send description to

943 Adams Express Building. Chicago. Ill.


FRANK P. C LEVELAND.


3‘
1‘34 ' (20')

r" g .

p

* THE DAIRY

:


L“ M _

CONDUCTED BY COLON C. LILLIE.


DAIRYING AND FERTILITY.


Dr. Hopkins, of the Illinois Experiment

Station, in a recent bulietin, entitled

“Are Commercial Fertilizers Necessary,”

maintained that to permanently maintain

the fertility of the soil, the farmer must

purchase the mineral elements, phosphoric

acid and potash; and by growing legumes

which have the power of getting nitrogen

from the atmosphere, he can maintain

the proper amount of nitrogen, and Will

therefore, not be compelled to purchase

it, all of which is undoubtedly true. In

discussing the question of live stock hus—

bandry, Prof. Hopkins maintains that no

system of live stock husbandry will per—

manently maintain the fertility of the

soil, because live stock husbandry does

not add the mineral elements.


“'0 grow the crops for our live stock

on the soil, harvest and feed them. These

crops take nitrogen, phosphoric acid and


potash from the soil. The nitrogen we

can put back by growing leguminous


’ crops, but the phosphoric acid and potash


we cannot put back unless we purchase

from outside concerns. Now, if in feed-

ing these crops to the animals there was

no loss of phosphoric acid and potash,

and we put everything back into the soil,

we would gain nothing, the land would

not increase in fertility. But we cannot

do this; there are mechanical losses. We

cannot save all the manure. We cannot

put all the phosphoric: acid and potash

back upon the soil, even if there was no

loss in feeding to the. animal. But there

is a loss in feeding the food to the animal

because part of the. plmsphoric acid and

potash is retained by the animal body

itself. When an animal is sold from the

farm, or when an animal product is sold

from the farm, some of the mineral ele-

cnts are rcmoved from the land. and con-

sequently there is a slow but constant

drainage of phosphoric acid and potash.

To be sure, by proper tillage, and by

Weathering, more phosphoric acid and pot—

ash in the soil becomes availabl:e, and

the deeper down we go by actually low—

ering the, surface of the soil thru crop—

ping the more phosphoric acid and potash

we find; and, by husbanding the mineral

elements thru a scheme of animal hus-

bandry, the process of deterioration of

fertilizing properties of plant food in our

soils is l't(l\ICC‘d to a minimum. Yet Dr.

Hopkins is undoubtedly correct when he

says that live stock husbandry does not

permanently maintain the fertility of the

soil.’ liut it certainly does husband the

fertility of the soil.


])r. Hopkins goes on further and states

that no farm has increased in crop pro-


ducing power to any great amount by

liVe stock husbandry, unless the farmer


purchases feed from outside, from other.

farms instead of growing it all upon his

land. This, of course, is adding plant

food to the soil, just as much as it would

be to buy commercial fertilizer, and this

is a good way of improving a run down

farm. Keep more live stock upon it

than the farm will support and then go

outside and buy feed, cottonseed meal,

gluten feed, wheat bran, corn meal, any-

thing of that sort and feed it to live

stock. Here the good business farmer

has a chance of making two profits. He

has a chance of making a profit upon the

feed when he feeds this feed to his ani—

then he makes another profit by

increasing the fertility of the soil, build-

int,r up its crop producing power. \Ve

all admit that this is a good way '00 im-


inals,


prove a run down farm, providing you

can purchase the food. But the idea is


not practical for maintaining the perma—

nent fertility of the soil of a nation be-

cause everybody couldn‘t buy feed. it

everybody practiced this, no one would

have feed to sell.


However, Dr. Hopkins has overstated

himself when he says that no farm has

been increased in crop producing power

to any great extent unless they purchased

outside feed, by this system of live stock


husbandry. I am positive that "Dr. .llop-

kins is mistaken in this. lie has over-

looked that many a farm in this state,


and in other states also, is run down, or

has low crop producing power from the

fact that the vegetable matter, or humus

in the soil, has been removed by unskill-

ful processes of farming. The land hasn’t

the high productive power simply because

it is in poor mechanical condition, rather

than from the fact that it has been

greatly depleted in available plant food.


e


’ ' VTHE MICHIGA


New live stock husbandry, and espec-

ially dairying, will: greatly increase the

crop producing power of this land with~

out buying feed from the outside. When

you grow crops upon land and feed them

to animals and return the manure to the

soil, you return from 80 to 90 per cent

of the plant food which the crops took

out of the soil, back to the land; but

more than this, you return all of the or-

ganic matter of the plants to the soil.

The plant gets its organic matter, carbon.

from the atmosphere and when we sell

the crops from the farm, this carbon,

which is taken from the atmosphere, is

removed from the farm. Thus by this sys—

te of cultivation the vegetable matter is

removed from the soil, which lsoon ex-

hausts it of humus; while, a @‘stem of

farming which feeds the plants upon the

farm and puts the manure bae’k’upon

the land, removes no organic matter

from the farm, but adds a large amount

instead. Adding to the soil, this organic

matter which the plant gets from the‘

atmosphere, imprchs the mechanical

condition of the- soil and consequently in-

creases the crop producing power. One

function 0f humus, or organic matter in

the soil, is to render available the min-

eral elements, to put them in condition

that plants can use them. Of course this

doesn’t add these elcments to the soil.

but it makes available inert elements and

most soils contain plenty of inert phos-

phoric acid and potash if they could

only be made available. Tillage will ac-

complish the same end but tillage is t0o

costly a method to make them available.

\thn, however, we add this carbonac—

eous, or organic matter, which the plant

takes from the atmosphere, to the soil

it causes changes therein which set free

a certain amount of phosphoric acid and

potash.


Then again, Dr. Hopkins, in the dis-

cussion of this question makes no differ--

betWet-n different kinds of liVe

stock hquandry. There is a vast differ-

ence in the effect upon the soil fertility

where a, man raises beef cattle and sells

these cattle from the farm, whether he is

engaged in dairying and does not sell ani-

mals. Then again, it makes a difference

what kind of dairying he is engaged in.

\Vhether he sells milk, or cheese, or but-

ter. “'hcn you sell milk from the farm,

you are removing all the animal product,

consequently a

food. ‘thn you sell cheese you are re-

moving all the nitrogeneous part, and

tonsitlcrable of the mineral element or

plant food which the plant takes from the


(‘llt‘t‘


soil; but when you sell only butter, you

sell practically none of the plant food

which the plant took from the soil. But-


ter fat is not a plant food. Like sugar

it is crystalizcd sunshine. You can spread

buttcrfat over the land, a gOod layer of

it, and plow it under and it would not

add a particle of food to the soil. It has

been estimated that selling a ton of but—

ter from the farm only removes 50 cents

worth of fertility and if the butter was

absolutely clean, there would not be any

plant food removed. Dr. Hopkins does

not give dairying a fair show in his bul-

letin. In dairying, especially when we

sell butter from the farm, practically no

fertility is removed, and the vegetable

matter is saved to increase the crop

producing power.


DAIRYING AND PORK PRODUCTION.


One of the most profitable side

for the dairy farther to follow, is that

of producing fancy pork. The hog is capa-

ble of utilizing a greater variety of food

than any other kind of farm stock. He

will eat and thrive upon almost any of

the products or by-products of the farm,

from hay to house slops and it is to this-

ability to convert into money many of

these products, such as skim-milk, whey,

butter and damaged milk, etc, that

otherwise would be wasted, that makes

the hog valuable to the dairy farmer.

Many dairymen who have made a suc-

cess of the business of growing hogs on


lines


a small scale have concluded that hog

growing on a large scale Would prove

tqually profitable. But very few have


made a success. The hog is a very

profitable animal in the middle and east-

ern states if the number is limited to

what may be necessary to consume the

by-products, but I do not believe that

the business can be made profitable on

a large scale outside of the corn belt.

Iood judgment should be used in the

number of hogs that are to be kept, and

this must be determined by the amount


of food produced and the amount of grain *

food that may be proﬁtably utilized in,

the rations, using the waste and by-pro- I


ducts as a basis.


large amount of plant,


. N ‘ FARMER I


V I "' ‘ Imagine a man

with 40 legs, 40

egs feet to wash, .40


shoes to repair,


and yet unable to travel as fast or as


far as a two-legged man. Wouldn’t


have much excuse for those bother-

some, extra 38 legs, would he?


Same way, exactly, with cream sep-


arators. Common disk, or“‘bucket


bowl” machines are full of 'parts.

Some have 40 to 60 disks m51de.

Yet the can’t

skim as ast or as

clean, can’t run as

lightly, can’t_ be

washed as quick-

ly, can’t wear as

long as the sim-

ple, sanitary

Sharples Dairy

Tubular that has

nothinginside but

the single little

piece on the

thumb. No ex-


cuse for disks. Get a Tubular with

the can that never moves. World’s

biggest separator factory. Branch


factories in Canada and Germany

Sales exceed most, if not all. others

combined. Write for catalog No. 152.


THE SHARPLES SEPARA'I'OR CO»

WestChcster, Pa., Chicago Ill. Toronto, Cam,

San Francisco, Cal. Winnipeg, Cam.

Portland, Ore.


s For this

, Low

Down


AMERICAN .—

SEPARATOR.


Get better value. Save money-

Deal with the actual manu-

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all about. the Low Down American

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low prices. generous terms of pur-

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arantee. Western orders ﬁlled

rom Western points. Address.


AMERICAN summon co. .


BOX 1061. BAINBBIDGE, N. Y.


‘ BUY YOUR

Pasteurizers,

Cream Ripeners,

Coolers and

Dairy Supplies


of the

A- H. Reid Creamery and

Dairy Supply Co.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Write for Catalogue B.


IT PAYS ,

WlTH EVEN

ONE cow


“ 7' THE LARGEST AND BEST LINE OF - "


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MAC H I N E R in America. We


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Austin Manufacturing 00.. chlcago


MICHIGAN


THE B-L-K 60W MILKERS


AT THE


STATE FA


f it“.


or more cows can afford to miss

located near the cattle sheds.


snx FREE EXHIBITIONS DAILv


Showing cows being milked by machines.


No‘dairyman milking ten

seeing this wonderful exhibition,


If you can’t see it write'for information.


JOHN W. LADD CO., Saginaw, Mich. .


$35


antee.

Queen is right.


any time.


FOR 450-LB. CAPACITY


DAIRY CREAM SEPARATUR


HIGHEST QUALITY.


From factory to you.

Thousands in use'in Michigan, because the Dairy

The price is right.

Allegau, March 29, ’09—I tried‘a Dairy Queen beside 3 De Laval, Shin-pies,


and Omega, and bought It because it is simpler, runs lighter, skims closer

and in three years use cost nothing for repairs and Is as good as new.


LOWEST PRICE.

No middle proﬁt. Ten-year guar-


Ask your neighbor.


GEO. H. JEWETT.


Litchﬂeld, May 24, ’09—]: have used 3 Dairy Queen for 4 years, it Is very

easy to operate and take care of. runs light and skims close and we have

not been to one cent of expense for repairs.


Thousands of such letters.

Order today. Freight paid.

W. E. MLLAIIE, Mtg. Sales Manager for Michigan, LOWELL. MIC".


as If your letter was returned write us again.


5. w. ROBINSON.

Free trial. Money back


I

i

I


I


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i We make

i


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ANDWICH \BELT POWER PRESS,


Capacity 2 to 4 Tons Per Hour.


Eight horse gasoline or steam power runs largest size to full capacity, while mun

customers are usim: smaller power.


hone power


SANDWICH MANUFACTURING CO., 140 Main Street, SANDWICH. ILLINOIS.


Equipped with Blocl;

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and ettective Self Feeder, easy and fast to serve

and one which handles large or small charges. A

Simple, Solld, Bullnossllko Ouﬂlt. A Money-Maker.

It; is not made up of a. maze of gears, tangle ofehafts

and friction clutches. Uses no balance wheel, does

not need any. Motions slow and powerful no rapid

or jerky movements. Wood or Steel Mountings.

Lever Brake. Lined throughout; With heavy sheet.

steel. Don’t; fail to write today for our 64 page cata—

logue,mailed free on application. Address,


that for Interior feeds.


N ICO R N, ' DAI RY RATIO N13°.§:‘:i.§“:2$$f:€;

:dairy feed. Contains the three best and most costly protein feeds, Ajax Flakes, Glu


ten Feed and Green Diamond Cottonseed Meal, but the price to you is no more than

Send {or Booklet.


cum & co. Inc.. Milwaukee. W13.


1

I R I

;


'i


n; .l
n; .l


earn-4, 1909.2”

Alcovaa' Fen ENsiutéa, ant:

OTHER QUESTIONS.


to build a silo and need

soingxfiacetgfufwish to build it 8. to 10 ft.

below, the surface on the upper side of

the basement barn and as much above

as I will need for a small amount of

stock. Does silage do well or keep well

below the ground in concrete? How

should the top be covered while it is our-

ing? Would an oiled canvas be servue-

able as a cover while feeding? When

should the crop be gathered and_w_hat is

the best length t‘o cut it? What is the

average weight per bushel? Is a, 5110


- roof?

better built frost P . H. DAv18_


Ensilage will keep just as well below

the groundnas it will above the ground,

if the compartment in which it is kept

is air ight. ‘When the wall below the

ground is well cemented with rich cement

mortar there is no trouble about keepmg

ensilage. I know of silos that are ﬁfteen

feet. and more below the ground and the

ensilage keeps perfectly. The great diﬂ‘i-

culty with having a silo below the ground

is that if the ground is naturally wet,

water will seep into the silo when it, is

not full of ensilage and then it will have

to be baled out every year before the silo

is ﬁlled; and again, it is very difﬁcult to

get the ensilage out when you feed. En-

silage is heavy stuff and if you go down

into the ground with the silo this en-

silage all has to be brot to the surface.

If I was going down more than three feet

(one can pitch it out to the depth of three

feet without very much trouble), I would

go down deeper yet and warrant the fur-

ther expendiure of installing a good big

bucket and Windlass to elevate the en-

silage. In fact, this is the only practical

way of getting ensilage out of a silo that

extends down into the ground for any

considerable depth.


All manner of coverings have been sug-

gested for the top of the silo after it is

full. Finely cut straw, or marsh hay,

or green sorghum, or anything of that

sort, makes an excellent covering for the

corn and you can save the corn clear to

the very top if you will cover it with some

such material. When I first built my

silo, I thot it would be a good plan to

raise a piece of sorghum to be used for

this purpose. It Worked all right, but

when you come to think about it, corn


. is just as cheap a thing as you can grow


on the farm. Whatever you put on top


'is going to spoil anyway and it might

‘just as well be a layer of corn three or


four or ﬁve inches deep, as anything else,

So now we do not cover with anything. We

simply ﬁll the silo, tramp it down for

about three days in succession after the

silo is ﬁlled and wet it on top. The water

on top not only acts as a weight to press

the top of the ensilage down and exclude

the air, but it also prevents the escape

of moisture and helps to hermetically

seal the.top. Then it will hasten the

formation of mold, or layer of decomposed

ensilage on top, which prevents not

only the evaporation of moisture, but

also the admission of air. \thn this is

accomplished, you have your ensilage

so that no farther decomposition will take

place. Consequently it is not necessarv

to cover the silo with anything. Let the

ensilage furnish its own covering.


Now with the length of cutting the

corn for ensilage. The shorter, or ﬁner

it is cut,, the better. If you hire some

one to fill your silo, the man will want

to cut it in inch lengths. He will argue

that it is just as Wt‘ll to cut in inch

lengths as half inch lengths, but this is

not so. He argues it because he can

cut it cheaper. But you want a machine

that will cut just as fast as you can get

the ensilage to it and still out it in half

inch lengths, because the ﬁner it is cut,

the better it will pack in the silo and the

more it will exclude the air, consequently

the better ensilage you will get._


A bushel basket full of ensilage will

vary in weight from 25 to 40 lbs. When

taken from the top of the silo the en-

silage is not so well pressed down and

contains less moisture. Here a bushel

of ensilage will be lighter than a bushel

from' the bottom of the silo which is

practically saturated with the juice of

the ensilage from above and has been

ﬁrmly packed. Of course, when you fork

it over and pitch it out for the cows, it

lightens up, but never to its original

bulk. '


I do not think it would pay to attempt

to build a silo that will be frost proof.

As I have explained many times in The

Farmer, frost does not seem to hurt on—

silage very much, providing you leave it

until it thaws out before you feed it.

During a long cold period in the winter

time, it is a very common thing to have

the ensilage freeze so that it will stick to

the outside of the silo. You simply get

your ensilage from the middle of the silo


iuntil the weather moderates. It always


‘ frozen.


THEMICIHGANFARMER - (2‘1; 185


does in a few days and then the ensilage

that is frozen onto the side of the silo

is available. We simply throw this into

the feeding alley in the barn where it is

warm and let it thaw out before it is

fed to the cows. The freezing does not

seem to injure its quality, the cows eat‘

it just as well, and without apparent in~

jury. Where a silo is ﬁlled in the fall

for the following summer's feeding, the

contents freeze around the outside dur-

ing the coldest weather, but if this is

not disturbed and ﬁnally thaws out, the

next summer when you feed the ensilage

you would not know that it had been

Consequently I do not believe

it would pay to attempt to build a silo

that would be frost proof.


WINTER DAIRYING.


A farmer said to me the other day that

since butter has been such a good price


during the summer time, these last few '


years, winter dairying does not pay so

.much better than summer dairying, as it

did when there was a high price in winter

and a low price in summer. Under cer-

tain conditions this is true. But generally

speaking, the idea is wrong. Winter

dairying always pays best and always

will pay best. VVhere.a man has an

abundance of wild or rough land that he

cannot till and use only for pasture, it

may pay him to have his cows dry dur—

ing the winter time and feed them upon

hay and coarse fodder without any grain,

and then have them freshen in the spring

and utilize this pasture. Then, of course

he is very much interested in good sum-

mer prices for butter. But for a great

majority of farmers that have too little

pasture, and they cannot afford to have

very much pasture where their land is

all tillablc, winter dairying is the best

proposition.


Take the same cow, have her freshen

in October, feed her a good liberal ration

with corn silage and clover hay as the

bulky food and then a grain food rich

enough in protein to balance up these

two rough foods, keep her in a good

warm place and milk her regularly, and


DE L


she will give a good flow of~milk all win-

ter and when the spring comes and the

grass grows luxuriantly, you can give

her pasture during the flush of the sea-

son, she will flush up on her mess of milk

almost like a new niilch cow, and pro-

long the period of lactation. Now a cow

kept in this way and coming fresh in the

fall will give more pounds of milk in a

year, than if she came fresh in the spring.

When she comes fresh in the spring and

is on luxuriant pasture, she gives a won~

derful ﬂow of milk. There is nothing in

the world that will stimulate a large flow

of milk like a good June pasture. But

this pasture lasts but a short time and

there is very little to take the place of it.

Of course, you can have a summer silo,

you can have soiling crops and that sort]

of thing, but hot weather comes, ﬂies

come on, etc., and the consequence is

that, do your best, the spring milkcr will

fall off in her flow of milk sooner than

the cow that comes fresh in the fall, if

the fall fresh cow is properly cared for.

The farmer can easily care for her as

she ought to be, while in the summer

time it is impossible. You cannot over-

come the heat in July and August. The

('Ollst‘fllll‘llvt‘ is that the spring milkcr

drops off in her milk when the hot

dry summer days and the pesky fly come.

Then again, she falls off in her milk when

winter approaches and she will not give

as much milk in a year.


\Yith a good silo and a good crop of

corn, and clovcr hay, you can feed a cow

just as Cheaply in the barn as you can

in a pasture, even if they have rough,

untillable land for pasture. Consequently,

your winter milk costs no Inorc practi-

cully than your summer milk and the

farmer has time to cure for his cows

properly in the winter time while in the

summer time he is busy with the work

upon the farm.


Then again, the calf that is dropped in,


the full is worth more to the farmer than

the one dropped in the. spring. llo keeps

it: in the burn during the winter time,


foods it regularly and it thrives and when 3


spring comes it is large enough so that

he can put it out to pasture and is re-

lieved from caring for it, While the spring

calf must be taken care of all summer?

long. That, too, is pestered by the ﬂies“

and is affected by the hot weather and

does not do as well as the fall calf.


A conclusion reached by the experiment

station of Connecticut after thoroly in—

vestigating the dairy Situation of the

commonwealth was that dairymen were

receiving too little for their dairy pro-


ducts.

I


CREAM


SEPARATORS


us [gun’s STANDARD


w


De Laval Cream Separators were the original and have led


in every step of cream separator development~ Constantly

improved, they have been fully remodelled every ﬁve or ten

years, the last time from top to bottom in 1908, with the ﬁnishing

touches of perfected reﬁnement added in 1909.


Other cream separators have always been merely the product

of those following in the wake of De Laval success, utilizing

variations of the ten to twenty year old De Laval features which

expiring patents have so laid open to them.


De Laval Cream Separators skim closer, particularly at low

temperature and running heavy cream; have greater actual, if not

claimed capacity; run easier and at much less necessary speed;

are much more sanitary and easily cleanable; are far easier

handled, assembled and unassembled, and are so much better made

as to design, materials and workmanship that they last from two

to ten times longer than other separators.


They produce cream so much superior to other systems and

separators that butter made from De Laval cream scores highest

in all representative contests, which together with their other

advantages, has brought about their exclusive use by more than

98% of the world’s creamery and butter factories, with their thirty

years practical separator experience.


De Laval Cream Separators cost no more than other sepa-

rators, considering actual capacity. They save an average $50

per year over other farm sizes of separators and an average $100

per year over other creaming systems, and they last twenty years

as against two to ﬁve years for other machines. They are sold for

cash or on terms that enable their paying for themselves, and

there is no payment of any kind in advance that practically binds

the buyer to his bargain.


De Laval Cream Separators are the highest type of farm

implement made and invariably prove the most proﬁtable of farm

investments. They are guaranteed to be in every way as repre-

sented and to fulﬁll every claim made as a condition of their

acceptance by the purchaser. They are sold on as sound a basis

as a government bond and their prestige is as solid as the Rock

of Gibraltar.


The buyer who puts his money into any other separator today

and continually wastes some of his product through its use must

surely do so without knowledge of the up-to-date De Laval

machine, the opportunity for which knowledge is free to him

for the asking. __


THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO.


42 E. .MADISON STREET 173—177 WILLIAM STREET


CHICAGO General Offices: MONTREAL

1213 & 1215 FILBERT STREET 14 & 1,; l’kmcrss STnpﬁr

PHILADELPHIA 165 BROADWAY: WINNIPEG


107 FIRST STREET


PORTLAND, OREG.


DRUMM dz SACRAMENTO STs.


SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK.


_
,V1'8'6'7 '(22i ‘ I ,—


VY v v YVVVY—Y—YVVVY‘YYY‘KVVVVYV


lHORTlCULTUREl


AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALLAAAA


SECURING THE ONION CROP.


The time for securing the onion crop

will soon be at hand, varying from earlier

to later, of course, according to soil, loca-

tion, and varieties grown. Much as to

the proﬁt or loss in the crop depends

upon the gathering and storing, especially

the latter, as it requires no little amount

of care to safely carry the crop thru the

Winter. With storage houses built es-

pecially for the purpose, the matter is

comparatively easy; but with only ordi-

nary shed or cellar facilities it is prob-

lematical whether autumn selling is not

the safer plan. Much depends upon the

p ices obtainable at harvest time; and

while storing has its difﬁculties wise pre-

cautions will insure reasonable safety in

carrying over to the usually higher spring

prices.


Gathering and Curing.


When the tops turn brown and wither

the onions are ready for gathering. If

they are well matured and the ground is

clean and in good condition, they may be

raked into windrows much more rapidly

than thrown in by hand. \Vooden rakes

are best as iron or steel ones will bruise

the bulbs and this will cause them to rot.

In good weather they will require very

little care while. curing out; but in wet,

cloudy times they will require stemming

along the rows to hasten the curing.

When the tops are well dried down and

bulbs are free from moisture, out off half

an inch or more from the bulbs and

gather them. Store in level piles, not. to

exceed two feet in depth, but never put

them in conical heaps. “'ith free ar cir—

culation they will keep nicely until cold

weather. Now they will require protec--

tion and may be placed on a layer of

straw, not less than two feet in depth,

with a like amount over them.’ This will

not prevent freezing but will protect

against the Sudden changes and prevent

thawing. If they freeze they will keep

without any loss whateVer, so long as

they are kept thus and not allowed to

thaw. If required for sale, they can be

removed to warmer quarters for the frost

to gradually draw out before placing upon

the market.


The above applies to ordinary storage

places where special buildings are not

accessible. A few points well borne in

mind will pretty surely carry the crop

safely thru the winter: Storehnothing

but dry, perfectly sound bulbs, do not

heap them but have level surface, use

covering sutlicient to prevent fluctuations

in temperature.


Wayne Co. J. E. MORSE.


EARLY FALL WORK IN THE

BERRIES.


It is something of a relief to think

that the harvest season for small fruits

is over. Blackberries came last and they

were also least. as the drought caught

them and pinched the last half of the

crop up so thin that We couldn't see any

profits in it. \\'e haven't many black—

berries in hearing so it doesn't make so

much difference, but we are thinking of

planting them along a side street where

there is a water main from the Village

waterworks. The necessary piping for

irrigation would not cost much, and our

lawn hose could be used to run the water

to furrows between the rows, as the land

is level. The, water Would cost about

one—third cent per barrel. 1 should

like to hear from those who h‘ave tried

irrigating fruit whether this would be a

paying proposition for either blackberries

or strawberries,


\Ve have gone thru the bearing rasp-

berries and blackberries once since pick-

ing, with an Economy cultivator to loosen

up the soil trumped by the pickers and

kill the small weeds that are starting.

“'c will now leave them to harden up the

new canes for winter. In the younger

plantations we have usually sown oats

as soon as picking was over, but in the,

older ones the canes. cover the ground

and absorb so much moisture that the,

oats would make little growth in a dry

season. \Ve will continue to cultivate a

patch of young blackberries for some

time yet,


Strawberries Are Layered.


’l‘he strawberries intended for fruiting

have all been layered in double hedge

rows, that is, the plants which were

set three feet apart each way have had

two runners laid down in each direction

so as to make double rows of plants

about nine inches apart, which leaves


, Ti—éiﬁ‘beHIfi-Aﬁi FARME‘R


the space between “the double rows "about

two and one-fourth feet.


This method,

seems best adapted to our situation,

which is a young orchard. It allows us

four double rows of plants between the

rows of trees, and we set the plants in-

tended for a propagating bed for plants

to sell and set, between the trees in.the

row. These latter are encouraged to

spread so the plants will set over a space

about three feet wide. In the spring those

not taken up for plants are allowed to

fruit. Next season we expect to set a.

patch in the open and I think shall fol-

low Mr. Cook's method of double hedge

row, viz. setting the plants in the spring

so that every other space is a narrow

one, the alternae rows being 16 and 32


effectually control the, trouble. The,dis- '


ease puts infits apeparance generally in

August and shows a purplish or black

discoloration which extends sometimes

over half way round the stem. It is gen-

erally agreed that the trouble is of a

bacterial origin. Cutting out and burning

diseased canes would, no doubt, aid in

controlling the trouble.


BLACK-HOT OF GRAPES CAN BE


CONTROLLED.


A series of experiments extending over

two years and carried on in four different

states, including Michigan, has proven

that the black-rot of grapes can be con-

trolled by spraying. This work was con-


Field of Onions that Yieided 1,000 Bushels per acre.


inches, and layering the plants in single

hedge rows. The narrow row is cultivat—

ed with an attachment to the cultivator,

the horse and man walking in the wide

row. This method allows of more rows

to the acre and less hand work, as the

narrow rows can be cultivated all the

season, While the space between the

double hedge rows we now have must be.

Worked by hand after the plants are

layered.


‘\\'e are now working out the rows of

layered plants with mint hoes as most

of the sets are well enough rooted to

stand this operation without being pulled

out. These hoes have a narrow blade,

about three inches, but we use the back

almost entirely, which consists of two

narrow prongs. These can be worked

close to the. plants without cutting roots.

“’0 would not know how to grow straw-


ducted by the department of agriculture

under the supervision of able experiment—

ers, and the conclusions reached will be

of wide interest to growers of this fruit

in the grape region of the state where

the disease has given much concern.

The following statement is a brief review

of the experiments:


Several fungicides were tried, but none

was found to be as satisfactory as Bor-

deaux mixture. It was demonstrated,

however, that a 4—3-50 mixture (4 pounds

of bluestone, 3 pounds (1‘ lime, and 50

gallons of water) gives fully as good

results as stronger mixtures. It was

found to be unwise to use more lime than

is absolutely necessary, as, when used to

excess. it tends to hinder the action of

the copper sulphate. It was also found

that five sprayings will usually produce

as good results as a greater number.


Gathering the Bulbs in Crates without Removing the Tops.


berries now without these tOols. The

plants will probably need about one more

hoeing this fall, and if there is abundant

moisture a couple of cuttings of the run-

ners.


Calhoun Co. 8. B. HARTMAN.


TAKE Tamils—Er.“


The canes of my black raspberries turn

black and die. (‘an you tell me what is

the trouble, and if there is a remedy,

what it is?


Barry Co. Conn E. Form.


It is evident that Mrs. Ford’s rasp-

berries are troubled with cane blight.

The nature of this blight is not under-

stood, and growers as well as scientiﬁc

men have found no remedy that will


Among other mixtures tried, that

known as the “neutral copper acetate."

solution promises to be very satisfactory

for the last application because of its

nonstaining effect.


On the whole, the experiments have

been quite, successful. In 1907, where un-

sprayed grapes were a total loss, spraying

reduced the loss to 28 per cent. The next

season, when the rot was almost as bad

on unsprayed vineyards, on the same

sprayed plats the loss was reduced to

less than ,1 per cent. The good effect ap-

pears to be cumulative. The greatly

increaSed spraying activity of growers,

especially in Michigan, shows that these

demonstrations have produced a good

effect.


Use the Vegetable

Scoop Fork—Don’t

Waste Time With

Other Tools


Here is the most convenient and proﬁt-

able fork you can own.


It is made with ﬂat blunt ends so that it

handles vegetables and iruits without bruising

them. It handles corn without the point:

sticking into the cob. '


When it picks up a load it screen; out all dirt

or snow—think of this convenience especially

in handling corn that has a fall of snow on

top of it.


x The scoop shape of this Fork holds a large

load and carries it safely an enli y. ou can

handle a large load with less labor and back-

ache in the Ve etable Scoop Fork than you

can n small loa in a a ovel, wooden scoop,

wire scoop or any other fork made. he

“hang" is responsible for this—ah: uhang"

that balances the fork iust right for its load,

that makesitunnccessary for youto stoop over

a: far as you wouldwith other tools, that gives

you just the ri ht angle for shovelin under

the load and t 0 right leverage in ' ling it.

Besides its proﬁtable use for handling vege-

tables and fruits, ou will ﬁnd it the most une-

ful fork on your {arm for dozens of purposes

guch as andling lime and coal, gathering stone

In the ﬁelds, cleaning up the barn yard, etc., etc.


The True Temper

Vegetable Scoop Fork


comes in eight tine size for scooping into bar-

rels or sacks and in ten tine size for general

use; also in twelve lines for special work.


It is high-st quality throughout—a tool that

will last a li c time—one you can proud of.

It bears the True Temper trade mark—the

sign of tested and approved quality, placed

there by the largest makers of farm and gar-

den hand tools in the world.


If you don't ﬁnd the True Temper Vege-

table Scoop Fork at any of your dealers.

write us direct.


American Fork & Hoe Co.

Executive Offices, Dept. L, Cleveland. 0.


“it'll “I W.

,.I||"['[illlllllllllllll lllllllllii": “Via.

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Belt Power


in built both as an open feed hole and "con-

denser” hopper. Automatic block dropper

Rapid. Strong, Simple. Fully guaranteed and

shipped to any responsible party in the U. S.

on its merits. Write for catalog and prices to


The OHIO TRACTOR MFG. 00.. Marlon, O.


J


. ““3“

" In the greenfield


or VIRGINIA


Where the summers are long and delight-

ful : where the wintersare shortand mild.

Here you can grow splendid crops at

small cost. ‘Rich soil, abundant water,

excellent markets and good neighbors.

Desirable Farms can be secured for


$IO PER ACRE AND UP

alongthe N. & W. Ry. Full information

and valuable booklet upon request

F H. La BAUME

Agricultural and industrial Agent

Norfolk &. Western Railway

Bax M. M. . ROANOKE, VA.


. - DIRECT

f ' F 0M FACTORY

No delays, 1000 Boxes of all s zes ready to sth.

Save Jobber, Dealer and Catalogue House Profit

satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back

Write hr Donorlptlvo Circular and Close Prices on other

sizes. All 0! "when Quality. Work and ”hurl-In.


ELGJTN WAGON WORKS. BOX 111. ELGIN. ILL.


ALWAYS mention the MICHIGAN FARMBR

when you are writing to advertisers.


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TV’YYYVVYYYYVYYYVYVYVVYy


GRANGE.


MAA'AAAAJAAAA‘ALAAAAAAA'

V_T . .


Our Mott'd-~”'Phe Farmer is of more

consequence than the farm, and 'should be

first improved."


THE SEPTEMBER PROGRAMS.


'AA


State Lecturer’s Suggestions for Flrst

Meeting. .

Power on the farm and in-the home,

water, horse, windmill and engine.

Presented by a. man, discussion led by


a woman.

,Live stock as a. factor of successful

agriculture.

Reading of a favorite poem, by the

chaplain.


Preparation for the fall fairs—1. Deﬁ-

nite details to be looked after by ex—

hibitors. ‘


2, Deﬁnite items to be looked for and

studied by spectators.


Entertainment features furnished by

boys and girls who are going away to

school this fall.


A TRIBUTE TO THE FAITHFUL.


There are a. few in every Grange who

take the brunt of hard work; who fall

into every breach; whom rain or shine

do not deter from attendance; and who,

tho they may not be notably gifted, are

in reality the pillars upon which the

Grange cause rests in their community.


Such as those deserve bouquets while

they live. There is no question but that

we shall lay flowers on their biers. They

are entitled to our words of appreciation

now; we Shall be profuse in praises when

their ears cannot hear. Such as these

are but human and, no doubt, are some-

times assailed by discouragement and

misgivings. We shall tell how we should

have failed but for them, when they are

gone. It is a thousand times better to

It will please and renew


tell them now.


Patron E. Smith and his two Children.


Bro. Smith is a very active member oi

Plaintield Grange, Livingston Co., and so

faithfully has he allied himself to the

work of this organization that in scvcn

years he has missed but one meeting.

the courage of the worker; but even far

better than that, it is good for Granges,

as organizations, to cultivate the spirit

of appreciation and gratitude, It is a

sorry sight to see a society accepting the

volunteer services of an ofllccr or mem—

ber year after year and ncglccting to

gratefully recognize such faithfulness, or

withholding it because of petty or per-

sonal reasons.


On the other hand, to the faithful, duty

brings its own sure rcturn. President

Taft once said of this fact: “There are

rewards which are unknown to him who

seeks only what he regards as the sub—

stantial ones. The best of all is the

pure joy of service. To do things that.

are worth doing, to be in the thick of it,

ah, that is to live.”


Someone else has commented on this

sort of dogged faithfulness that, arouses

our keenest admiration, “The reward 01

work well done is work and more work.”

But it is left to the poet, Walt Whitman,

to give this thot the choicest setting in

these words:


“The song is to the singer and. comes

back mest to him; ‘

The love is to the lover and comes back

most to him; \

The gift is to the giver and comes back

most to him—it cannot fail.”

JENNIE BUELL.


IONIA POMONA’S ANNUAL PICNIC.


Swen Granges'Berlin, South Boston,

Sunﬁeld, Sebewa, Ronald, Carlton and

Smyrna—were represented at the annual

picnic conducted by Ionia Pomona Grange

in Bosworth’s grove, near Lake Odessa.

last ‘month. The excellent accommoda—

tions which the place affords, and per-

fect weather, contributed to the success

of the meeting.


The speaking program, which consumed

a large part of the afternoon, was opened

by Hon. H. E. Powell,~of Ionia, who ad-

dressed his remarks to the question of

keeping the boys and girls on the farm.

He said: “We speak in terms of loudest

praise of the boy who goes to the city

and, after much study and great expense,

succeeds in getting a salary of one hun-

dred dollars a month, or the girl who

marries a doctor or lawyer or commercial

man; but the boy who stays on the farm

receives little attention, and the girl who

marries a farmer boy is hardly worth

noticing. This is all wrong. We must

put our calling on a higher plane, we

must demand and then we will get a

hearing. Society has far more good

things for men and women on the farm

than in other vocations."


Bro. Ernest Powell, of South Boston

Grange, had been assigned the topic,

“What can the Grangers of Ionia county

do to better the political condition of the

farmers?” He said in part that the

Grange must be an educational institu-

tion, building up in the minds of the

farmer folks the great need of co-opera—

tion along political lines if we would be

heard in the political world. Hustle for

new members, then educate those mem—

bers to stand as a unit in their demands

‘for those things which are for the farm-

ers’ best good.


Statc Master Hull then delivered a

strong and pleasing address in which he

reviewed the work accomplished by the

Grange in the interest of the farmers of

this country and emphasized the import-

ance of organization as a means of se-

curing ﬁnancial, educational and social

advantages to the individual farmer.


Lenawee Granges Prepare for County

Fain—Lenawee County Fair has the best

plan for securing an interesting and rep-

resentative Grange display that has yet,

been devised. While this plan was de-

scribed in detail several years ago it may

be said that a separate building is placed

in charge of Lenawee County Grange,

committees appointed by that organiza-

tion working out the general decorative

plan. The building is divided into seven

booths of equal size, these booths being

assigned to seven subordinate Granges

of the county which compete for sub-

stantial cash prizes offered by the fair

association. The premium list is so ar-

ranged that each Grange receives an

award. This year the booths have been

assigned to Ogden, Britton, Rollin,

Raisin, Rome, Onsted and Bean Creek

Valley Oranges. The prizes oi’fcrcd are

as follows: First, $50; second, $47; third,

$45; fourth, $42; fifth, $40; sixth, $37;

seventh, $35.


COMING EVENTS.


Pomona Meetings.

Emmet C0,, with Pickerel Lake Grange,

Friday, Sept. 24.

Kent Co. with Paris Grange, VVcdnes-


day, Oct, 2’7. Miss Ida Chittcnden, state

speaker.


W‘

E FARMERS’ CLUBS I


OFFICERS OF THE STATE ASSOCIA-

TION OF FARMERS CLUBS.

President—~A. L. Chandler, Owosso.

Vice—President—Mrs. Clara L. French,


Pompeii.


Secretary—Mrs. W. L. Cheney, Mason.


Treasurer—D. K. Hanna, Caro.


Corresponding Secretary—Clayton Cook,

Owosso.


Directors~—D. M. Beckwith, Howell; D.

M. Garner, Davisburg; T. B. Halladay,

Norvell; E. C. Hallock, Almont; B. A.

Iloltlcn, VVixom; Wm. H. Marks, Fair

Haven.


Address all correspondence relative to

the organization of new Clubs to Mrs. XV.

L. Cheney, Mason, Mich.


Associational Motto.


The skillful hand, with cultured mind,

is the farmcr's most vatuable asset.

Associational Sentiment.—


The farmer; he garners from the soil

the primal wealth of nations.


THE RELATION OF THE PARENT TO

THE SCHOOL.


Paper read by Mrs. Mae E. Hill before

the Starville Farmers‘ Club :11. Fair

Haven.


Since we are governed by a republican

form of government, where” the people

are the rulers in reality, the government

can not rise above the intellectual level

of tho governed. The IQI'USII‘.‘ status of

our government is the result of yester-

day's schools.


I say again, that the foundation of our

national existence is the public schools;

and it therefore behooves us to give to

the school our close and careful atten-

tion for no other subject can be of

greater interest to us whether parents or

not, for the schools of today will furnish

the government of tomorrow.


We can not become too familiar with

this subject, or study it too closely, or

become too much interested in its opera-

tions or results. Therefore, a careful

analysis of it today should be both

pleasurable and proﬁtable.


The public school is very like a three-

lcgged steel, which, if by accident or

wear, one leg becomes loose or useless,

its usefulness is impaired.


These three supports each have a like

responsibility and labor to perform. The


THEMLCHIGAN FARMEB? ’


.. 3A,, N « l, ,


pupil, the parent, the teacher, are these

supports. Now, if the pupils are there

understanding their duty and responsi-

bility, and the teacher is both capable and

discerning, the school may yet fall of its

full measure of usefulness,

parent fails to perform that part which

logically belongs to him.


Now, what is the relation of the parent

to the school? I hold that these rela-

tions and responsibilities are likewise

three-fold: First, to the district, second,

to the pupil and third, which is fully as

important, to the tcncher.


The parent fulfils his responsibility to

the district by paying his taxes and at-

tending such meetings as are held in the

intcrest oi" the school and using his in-

ﬂuence for the advancement of the school

as a whole.


Every child in the United States has

a right to a public school education .and

to obtain full value must needs be given

full opportunity to attend school and be

equipped with such books and accessories

as the case may demand. The parent’s

duty to the child is not fulfilled unless

these privileges are granted to the full.

\Vhilc we have a truant officer, 'a com-r

pulsory law and wideawake teachers to

report delinquents, I advocate the par-

ent's duty to the child to be, that he

not only be allowed, but encouraged to

attend every day, when health. will pos—

sibly allow. ’


It is possible that I see this the more

clearly from the fact of my long asso-

ciation with the school room: but pupils,

who attend irregularly, do not, can not,

hold the same interest or acquire the

same amount of knowledge, to say noth~

ing whatcvcr of habits of regularity and

punctuality. .


Pupils not properly supplied with books,

etc., are a nuisance to themselves and

the whole school. It is not only a duty

to the pupil himSt-lf, but to the school

as a whole to scc it that ‘ihc children

are propcrly supplied.


You will say, now I‘ve paid my taxes,

sent my children regularly and properly

equippcd, so have done my duty. Well,

have you? Let us see. Here is a teacher,

a perfect stranger, a capable instructor,

having it) or 50 pupils of as many differ—

ent dispositions, habits, training, ability

and peculiarity. Perhaps, if conscien—

tious and hardworking, in the course of

two years he may come to know them in

a way; but he can never know them as

the purcnt does or should.


Now, is it not your duty to him, to


acquaint him with any pcvulinr trait or

characteristic, or fault, or mcntul or phy-

sical wmknvss, which your child may

have, which would enable him, better

and more quickly to olntn‘n ;hc object

sought, namely, the advancement of the

child's (“(Illt'iilltill?


His aim and yours are identical aliho

you dircct your efforts from cntircly dif—

i'crcnt standpoints. You should become


acquainttd with him, both in and out of

the echo ulroom, and sympathisc with, and

second his efforts in cvory possible way—

and above all do not criticise him in the

presence of the pupils.


Then owe it to yourself to know,

by pcrsonal observation, what he is do—

low he is conducting his school,

what inilucncc he is wielding over your

boys and giris. Then if you have any

fault to find or advice to give, let it be

done in a spirit of kindness, face to face,

and not second hand.


How many of us, parents, have visitod

our respective schools, except on some

special occasion, during the past year?

I for one, must plead guilty. Neverthe-

less, I know my duty and I Sincerely be-

lieve if we each, fathers as well as moth-

ers, would get into the habit of dropping

in, occasionally, at the schoolhouse, got—

ting better acquainted with pupils and

teacher, 'we would have less fault to find

and soon sec a material uplift in the

tone of the school and the quality of thc

work done there.


Let us resolve, as members of this club,

to fulﬁl our obligations to the public

school more fully in the year so soon

to begin.


)‘(lll


lug,


FARMERS’ CLUB FAIR.


annual fair

Ilc Farmers’ Club will be

grounds near the railroad station on

Grosse lie on Labor Day, Monday, Sep-

tember 6. As usual. elaborate urrztngc—

ments have been made for this event, and

a large number of classes have been pro—

vided with a committee in charge of each

class. A regatta will be held on Satur—

day afternoon, September 4. Athletic

sports are also scheduled and music will

be. provided by the local orchestra and

Koon's Brass Band. Altogether this fair

promises to be the premier event of the

kind for the season, sinm previous suc-

cesses have demonstrated the ability of

this Farmers' Club to put on a first—classl

fair.


of the Grosse

held on their


The fourth


because the ‘


Down or Mounted


Write today for

free Catalogue.


We ‘ Guarantee


that under. the same conditions as to power and

speed apphed, condition of corn, etc.,


The Appleton Corn Husker


will do more and better work than an other ma-

chine of like character and correspon ing size on

the market: that it is simplerin construction; oas-

Ier in everywny to operate; easier and safer to feed

and requires loss power for successful operation.

The proof. of those claims is sent for the asking.


Appleton Manufacturing Co.

(Established 1872) 03

20 Fargo Street. Baiavia. “L. U. S. A


Save's You Money


0

a i


.2 F‘ \


_.—_ ‘


’ l


Fire Proof. Easy to Put On


A steel shingle .roof costs half as much as best

out wood shingles, and about. tho some as high-grade

3-ply prepared rooﬁng. But it wears four times as

long as wood, shingIes and. six times 88 long 88

composition rooting.


Edwards“IIEO”$ieeI shingles


are stamped in sheets of ﬁnest Bessemer steel. 5 to

10 feet. long. covering width 2.4 inches. either painted

or galvanized. (him be laid with hammer and nails.

No soldering. No turriug. A boy can do it.

$10,000 Guarantee Bond Against Light-

ning. We will refund amount, paid for our steel

shingles if your roof is dumnged by lightning.

Cheapest kind of ﬁre insurance


Buy at Factory Prices. We are largest makers

of iron and steel roofing and pay the freight; on all

Steel Shingles: Pluin. orrugnted, V. Crimp Roof-

ing- Imitation Brick Siding, etc. Send size of roof

on we will quote our lowest factorv prices de-

livered. and mail free catalog No. 53 . rite today.


THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO.

913-933 Look Street, cmcmuAn, oulo


$300.00

THE F AMOUS EMPIRE


All Steel Hay Press.


Cheapest because Best


v


Leverage 18 to 1, Feed Opening 60-in. Standard Bales.

Best for Straw. Ready to work in 10 minutes. simplest

and strongest Press made. Absolutely guaranteed.

Write for circular to BLUE MFG. 00.. Fostorla O.


have been sold to the consumer


For Thirty-Six Years


May We Send You Our Large Catalogue?


EIkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co.

Elkhart, Indiana
'l

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"s,


ea’iesl Bullllln


‘.


. “I“. . ”.


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‘ BUYS TIIE MATERIAL

To BUILD THIS HOUSE


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any house of its size ever

built. It is 23 ft. wide and

33 it. 6 in. long. not in- L covers all the

cluding the porch. It has - lumber, mill

seven rooms, bath. pantry — work. hardwar.


and a large front porch. and nails r equit-

It is of handsome appearance


and symmetrical proportions. 0 d t 0 C 0 "I-

‘It is magniﬁcently lighted ptefe tbf,‘


andperfectly ventilated. Em-

bodies every modern comfort

and convenience. O u r e x -

tremely low price makes it

the best bargain proposition

on the market. We cannot

recommend this d e si g u too

highly. Even if you don’t need

ahome. build this home for an


investment. You can sell it 10 Refer to this

times over before it’s ﬁnished. .

This is our house design No. 6; Bum 5‘ Deng“

refer to it by number when No. 221


you write.


1] This is our leader, the

best seller of any house

ever designed anywhere,

by anybody. ‘at any price.

Why? Because it comes

nearer to ﬁlling the re-

quirements of a home than


ted. Our price


building from

the ground up.

We can also fur-

nish this design

in larger sizes.


$498 tﬁtﬁﬁtﬁﬁm


{I The above is an illustration of our famous Joist Frame Burn. It is the most

practical and serviceable barn ever designed. It may be built at a price very much

cheaper. and has more available space. than any other style. We can supply this

barn in six diﬂerent sires. all of the uniform width of 36 It. The above quotation

covers a. barn 36 ft. wide by 48 it. long and 18 ft. high. - The roof is of the self-

supporting type, there being no posts in the hay loft. There are 6 windows on each

side. 3 in each end. and 2 in eaCh gable, so the barn is thoroughly ventila.


CHICAGO HOUSE WRECKING COMPANY. C in lo a go


Send me free of all charges:


complete set of blue prints, plans and speciﬁcations for design No.. . .. . . ..


1] Ol all wonderlul otters advertised. this unquestionably is the

greatest. The Chicago House Wrecking Company offers to sell

you at a saving of from 25 to 50 per cent all the building material

needed to construct the house and barn shown above. This

means we are absolutely leaving out all middlemen’s proﬁts

and are dealing direct with the consumer. Our ideas are

absolutely original. and no other ﬁrm in the world has ever

before advertised to completely supply the material such as is

offered herewith. We are the largest concern in the world

selling lumber and building material direct to the consumer.

We propose to furnish you everything for the construction of

these buildings as . utlined in our offer. It will be in accord-

ance with speciﬁcations which are so clear that there can be

no possible misunderstanding. Our prices as given above

means for the material all correctly laid out in accordance

with our plans and speciﬁcations.


C] We will lurnish you an Itemized material list. We will also

supply blue prints. architect’s speciﬁcations and full informa-

tion needed to properly and economically erect these buildings.


BLUE PRINTS FOR ANY OF OUR DESIGNS


9 We will furnish you blue prints for either of these designs or

for any of the designs shown in our “Book of Plans" wit/rout

one cent of cost to you, provided you place the order for the

bill of material with us. It will be accompanied by working

plans and material list. The itemized material llst accompany-

ing same is complete, both in the description of the material

used and also in describing the purpose for which each item

is intended. If purchased in the usual way from the architect.

these plans would cost from $25.00 to $75.00. Wlth the aid of

our plans. speciﬁcations and material list. anyone reasonably

familiar with building construction can supermtend the

erection of his own house or barn at a great saving.


H_ol Water Heating Plants, Steam Heating Plants. Plumbing Material


(JWe will furnish e complete Hot Water

Heating Plant for the design No.6. shown

above. consisting of Sectional Hot Water

Heater. handsome Cast Iron Radiators. all

necessary pipe, valves and ﬁttings, including

a complete set of blue prints. working draw-

ings and complete speciﬁcations. so simple

that any ordinary mechanic handy with the

use of tools can easily install plant. We will

also loan the necessary tools needed in put-

ting in such a plant. At the same time we

will furnish you with a written, binding

guarantee. covering 305 days. making you


perfectly safe as to the quality of our ma},

l


We any to you positively that no mat-

ter what your wants in the line of

building material, we can supply it,and

always at a. saving. This statement is

backed by any number of unsolicited

testimonials from those who have tak.

en advantage of our liberal offers of

the past. Especially do we urge you to

act now. Never in years has lumber

been oﬁered at such low prices as we

are offering it for at the present time,

and it is good lumber, too, first-class,

right up to grade and as good or better

than that carried by any local dealer

anywhere. Every stick 0: lumber that


me Have Houses Ranging


This is not an experiment with us. During the past year. we

have sold upwards of five hundred complete homes and barns.

All the material is stored right in our main warehouse and

yards at Chicago. ready to ship promptly upon receipt of your

order. We guarantee every stick furnished to be absolutely

brand new. Don’t pay any attention to what jealous lumber

dealers or unscrupulous merchants may tell you to the contrary.

We would not dare to advertise any false statement. If you

buy a building and receive any material that is in any way.

shape or manner to the contrary of our general and Speciﬁc

representation. we guarantee to take back such material at

our expense and replace it with material strictly in accordance

with our description, or to refund you the full purchase price of

same. or make such adjustment as meets your entire approval.

1] As to our terms: They are as liberal as any one can ask for.

If you do not want to send money in advance, we will make

shipment. to be paid for after it reaches destination. provided

you furnish us with absolutely satisfactory bank references.


Our literature explains. fully. our operations. On application


9 Our Plan Book. a description of which is given below.

illustrates many other designs in houses and barns. You will

ﬁnd that our houses can be built for such purposes as will

bring you in good returns for your money, even it you have no

intention of living in the house yourself.


i] it you buy the building material lrom us. at our speciﬁed

prlces. we will furnish you the plans. speciﬁcations and ma-

terial list without charge. If. however, you prefer ﬁrst to

receive the plans and study the possibility of applying

same for your own particular use. then we make you the

following proposition:


teriai. We will supply all the above for the sum of $216.50;

or we will furnish you a Steam Heating Plant. similar descrip-

tion as above. for the sum of $180.80. Every bit of material

used in these plants is guaranteed brand new and ﬁrst-class in

every particular. We lurnlsh all needed Plumbing Fixtures

for House No. 6, shown in this advertisement, and consisting

of Bath Tub. Closet. Washstand. Kitchen Sink. and including

all necessary pipe and trimmings complete to install every-

thing needed above the ground. for the sum of $97.50. Bath-

room Outﬁt like illustration is $37.50. -


(3 Any mechanic handy with the use of tools can Install both

the plumbing and the heating material in this house. .We can

also 'quote you prices for the installation of Plumbing and

Heating for any of the designs shown in our “Book of Plans."


we sell is new. Nothing "Wrecked" about it. it is as good as can be

bought. We haven't adpiw'e of second-hand lumber in our stock.alld it

we did haveit we woul not sell it by mail. We are selling only new,

clean stock, no shop-worn material, and all our grades are guaranteed.


Then. our MILL-WORK. You cannot improve its quality. It’s as goo

as anyone wants. It’s better than 90 per cent of the dealers have for sale.

We can furnish you every single thing you may need in the line of Doors,


» Sash, Mouldings, Sideboards, Mantels, Interior Trim, or anything else.


In other words, each and every article that comes into the construction


, or a building of any kind,and that includes also Structural Iron, Iron

. Beams, Iron Columns, or anything else in the iron line.


We have I complete stock of ROOFING MATERIAL, both tin. steelo

iron and ready-rooﬁng. We can furnish you shingles in all grades.


from $290 to $1300, Barns from $200 E


we will furnish you the names of hundreds of satisﬁed our

tamer: in all parts of the country. On request we will-quote

a price delivered. freight prepaid. at your railroad shipping

point, thus there will be no question as to the ultimate cost of

the material. You will know all the facts before you buy. We

are not asking you to buy a “cat in the baa." You will see

what you buy with open eyes, and we will prove our terms are

as liberal as you can possibly ask for.


q We secure many standard stocks of lumber. building

material and merchandise at various forced sales. besides

controlling large quantities of the lumber secured direct from

mills in the North. South and Paciﬁc Coast.


(3 Our yards cover over forty acres ol land. Our institution is

known everywhere. When you deal with us you are saving

Ina money. Thousands have saved in the past and are now

our steady patrons. ' It stands to reason that we are bound to

give you a square. honorable deal. We are business men and

recognize the meaning of a satisﬁed customer. If you deal once.

you will buy from us oﬂcn. Write for detailed information.


FREE 32 PURCHASERS


QWe will furnish you with a set completefor either of the

buildings above or for any of the buildings shown in our

“Book of Plum" referred to elsewhere in this advertisement

for the sum of $2.00. which amount you can remit tons

and the complete set will be sent to you. all carrying charges

prepaid by us. Upon receipt of them. if you decide to

make the purchase of the full bill from us, then we will

allow you $2.00 to apply towards our price. If for any reason

you decide not to use the plans and prefer to return them to

us' within thirty days after receipt. then we will refund you

$1.50. thus making the information cost you only 50 cents.

We assure you this does not pay for the expense involved.


\

QWe will furnish you the paint needed for House Design

No. 6. shown above. including hard oil ﬁnish for interior. two

coat Work, and including porch floor paint. for $26.50.

QWe will furnish a Hot

Air Furnace outﬁt for de-

sign No. 6. full Speciﬁca~

tions of which'wiil be fur-

nished you, for $99.30.

‘JOur special Heating

Catalog explains fully just

what we include on all heat-

ing jobs. We can supply

H e a tin 9: Apparatus and ‘ ‘

Plumbing material for any house, new or old. Write tor our

descriptive matter and handsomely illustrated booklet.


LUMBER and BUILDING MATERIAL at 25 to 50 Per Cent SAVING


everything in the way of plumbing and heating material. We can

supply your wants in Builders’ Hardware at a saving of. 25 per cent or

more. We mean your Nails.your Builders’ Hardware and our Tools.

And so it goes all the way down the line of material you use . We save

{on money everywhere, and the way to convince on or this fact is to


ave you submit to us a. list of building materia that you are in the

market for. Let your carpenter or contractor, or whoever has charge

otlyour building operations, hand us a list of the material you need,

an we will give your. prompt estimate. We will, on application, name

you prices, freight prepaid.


We will show you by actual proof that we can do everything we

say in this advertisement. There isn’t a single ova-drawn state-

ment in this advertisement. Send us today your list of lumber and build-

ing material. Give usan opportunity to ﬁgure with you.


OUT OUT THIS OOUPON!


Your complete General Catalog N03,, 28 - ............................


Your Special Book of House and Barn ’ Plans ........................


Your Book on Heating and Plumbing ........................... . ..... ..

It you desire to send for plans at once, ﬁll in this space.


Enclosed fihd 82.00 in............................forwhich send me your


lam interested in the followingitems:..........................

.


OUR FREE BOOK oi PLANS


(J Our Book of Plans is unquestionably the ﬁnest publication

of its kind. It shows. true to life. about ﬁfty houses and barns.

describes them in a general way. and shows the ﬁrst and

second ﬂoor designs of all houses and Interior suggestions for

all barns; giVes price complete and at the same time shows

the additional cost of plumbing, heating and painting. Even

if you have no immediate intention of building. you must

send for this book. Fill in the coupon to the left and we will

send it to you at once.


QCompiete Blue Print: of any of the designs are furnished

at $2.00 each with privilege of returning same and receiving


..................................................................................


Name ...................................................... . ...................

Town .


County... State ..........................

£50.80! ........................................ R F D ... ........... .. ..


a credit of $1.50. so the net cost would be but 50 cents. 0r

keep the Blue Print. and when you purchase your buildipg

material from us for the complete construction. we will awe


FREE Mammoth Catalog No. 28


1] Our mammoth General Catalog containin 10 000

merchandise for the home. the ﬁeld. the fagtory angthgltllillcg.‘

Represents our complete stock bought at various Sheriﬁs’.

_. .._ recelvers’ and Manufacturers’ Sales. Gives il-

lustrations and explains our quotations. Tells

:, all about our wonderful stock. It is a price

. ' : maker in every sense of the word. You will ﬁnd that

,l‘ can“... ‘ in every instance we undersell regular merchandise


v


you credit in full for the 08.00 charged you for the plans.


cl-llcaeo Housewaecxme co.. ochAeo


’3 our BUGS. CARPETS and FLOOR COVERING! in


. their natural colors, so that you can see ust what


they look like after you receive them. . 011 must


l, write us for this book at once. It cost ebonﬁSlJl to

place a catalo in your hands. but we mail it


. or all charge you ﬁll in the coupon to the lo 1;.


. -.—~"§“‘an‘~ ‘


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